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Franklin threw itself a party when it dedicated the brand-new Sullivan Stadium Friday night in front of an overflow house.
But it was the visiting Greendale football team that was doing the celebrating, as the Panthers scored 21 points off of four second half Saber turnovers and turned a sleepy 3-0 halftime lead into a resounding 31-14 victory.
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Idris Bach
Cottage | 1 bedrooms | sleeps 2
|Key Info
Idris Bach is laid out over three floors. It is a roomy, one-bedroom cottage for two people. All the rooms are bright and airy and there is central heating throughout, so it's lovely and cosy all year round.
Idris (meaning "fiery lord") was the name of the little dragon in the enchanting 1980s cartoon, "Ivor The Engine", set in Snowdonia. It is also the name of a stunning mountain near Dolgellau (Cader Idris). We decided to name our cottage (and our dragon) Idris Bach ("Little Idris") in honour of that little dragon. "The Complete Ivor The Engine" DVD is provided in the cottage for you to discover/reminisce during your stay.
|Sleeps up to 2, 1 bedrooms
|Nearest beach
|Estuary beach 10 mins walk. Coastal Beach 5.2 km
|Car not necessary
|Nearest Amenities
|300 m
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest railway: 0.3
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Internet access, DVD player
|Central heating, TV, CD player, Telephone, Satellite TV, Wi-Fi available
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Clothes dryer, Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|1 bedroom, 1 bathrooms of which 1 Shower rooms
|Double beds (1), Dining seats for 4, Lounge seats for 3
|Balcony or terrace, Private garden, BBQ
|Further details indoors
A good night's sleep is perhaps the most important part of any holiday. We hope the goose down and feather* duvets and pillows, and organic cotton linens on a super-comfy, hand-crafted, kingsize bed will give a luxurious feel to your stay.
The bedroom's TV has a built-in DVD player in case you can't drag yourself out of bed. If you need help waking up, there's a clock radio with an mp3 input.
When you are lounging in bed in the morning, it might seem a long way down to the kitchen, so there's a small kettle for you to make a cuppa or two.
The large wardrobe with built-in drawers should provide adequate space for your clothes, and there's extra drawer space in the bedside cabinets. We've also provided a hair-dryer in case you leave yours behind.
From the living room you can enjoy the fabulous mountain view without even having to get up off the sofa!
There's also a cuddle chair for you to snuggle up together in – though you may want to keep it all to yourself and just curl up to read a book or enjoy the view.
Of course, there's also a TV (with freesat) and DVD player, as well as a stereo with DAB radio, CD and iPod dock.
There's a selection of DVDs, CDs, books and board games to keep you entertained, as well as walking guides/maps and even a Spanish guitar in case you wish to serenade your companion.
The kitchen has a gas hob, electric oven/grill, microwave, dishwasher, fridge with freezer compartment, toaster and there's a washing machine, ironing board and iron in the utility room.
There are a few restaurants within walking distance but the kitchen is well-equipped with all the pots and pans you might need if you choose to cook at home every night.
There is a spacious dining area. The table is carefully positioned by the window to allow you take in the scenery while you dine.
A stable door opens onto the patio, so that you can enjoy the view of the Snowdonia mountains and the Glaslyn estuary whether you choose to sit inside or out.
The bathroom features a walk-in electric shower, Egyptian cotton towels and, with the blind open, one of the best loo views in Wales. It is situated on the top floor next to the bedroom.
|Further details outdoors
Idris Bach cottage is perched on a hillside, with a south-facing garden enjoying uninterrupted views of the Glaslyn estuary below and the Snowdonia mountains towards Harlech and Cader Idris beyond.
The garden is on two levels, with the lower terrace featuring a small summerhouse, where you can sit and enjoy the view and watch the sheep grazing below even when it rains!
The cast-iron table and chairs on the top patio outside the kitchen are a little too heavy to move around, so there are also folding chairs in the summerhouse provided for you.
Within 100 metres of the property.
The North Wales region
Whether your passion is hiking, climbing, steam trains, relaxing by the seaside in summer, or even just staying cosy inside in winter and enjoying the views, Idris Bach cottage is perfectly situated to enjoy what North Wales offers.
Penrhyndeudraeth, home to the Snowdonia National Park HQ, is ideally situated for exploring all of Snowdonia and the Lleyn Peninsula.
With several public footpaths around Penrhyn, there are lovely walks to do without even leaving the village, including Penrhyn estuary and the Gwaith Powdwr Nature reserve and a beautiful forest walk up to Rhyd with magnificent views
Availability Your dates are available
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16 Jul 2014
"Great Base"
Comfortable little end of terrace for two, with a high pressure shower and comfy bed, living room and kitchen over three levels. Good selection of maps, guides, CDs and DVDs, but bring a radio for th… More
25 Aug 2013
"What a Fabulous Cottage!!"
A beautifully refurbished quarryman cottage. Spotless and welcoming. Central to all the main locations of North Wales; it's stone's throw from Porthmadog, Portmeirion, and Harlech - within … More
19 Jan 2013
"Relaxing, cosy, comfortable Victorian Miners' Cottage"
We stayed for a week in January and despite the weather outside being cold it was warm and cosy and comfortable. It is just a short step to many walks with outstanding views and being on the edge of … More
29 Dec 2012
Our stay at Idris Bach was great. The quiet relaxed atmosphere of the cottage set in the most stunning scenery made for a wonderful break. The cottage was warm and cosy with the traditional look we … More
20 Dec 2012
"Very happy repeat customer"
This is now my third stay and my second successive November. So I've experienced how the property handles in both Summer and the darker months.As a chronic asthmatic, I am also qualified to comme… More
11 Dec 2012
"Absolutely awful - Worst holiday cottage experience in 30 years!"
Cottage booked for last week in August.. Property suffers from an extensive damp problem which is evident from the terrible smell as soon as you walk through the door. There is mould throughout the pr… More
Although this is an old stone property, there is not an extensive damp problem. We have a dehumidifier running downstairs to ensure this. After a lot of rain, you may see a patch of damp in the entrance hall by the front door, as this small hallway is not heated and is on an outside wall. There is a draught excluder on the inside door from this hall into the living room to keep the house warm and cosy.
When they arrived at the property and were unhappy, we asked the guests what was wrong, the lady just kept repeating that she didn't like the property and asking for a refund. When we spoke to her again an hour or so later she wasn't much more forthcoming and couldn't explain what the problem was, apart from the fact that there are wheelie bins outside and the slightly rusty letterbox made the property "tacky" and "not as described in the listing" (the front door, including the letterbox has since been re-painted). Only a few days later when they called asking for a refund did they complain about damp, and the husband claimed that he has asthma. We commented that if his asthma was really bad, and given the possibility of damp in old cottages in North Wales, it might have been a good idea to ask about this before booking a cottage. We offer hypo-allergenic duvets and pillows to guests if required and he had not requested those. We did not say that damp is acceptable, although it is indeed common. Given that the husband had mentioned a different Tourist Board-rated 5-star property that they had also been considering booking, we could not help but form the impression that they had simply booked the wrong one, and when they arrived they realised their mistake, they contrived a complaint in order to demand their money back. We gave a substantial refund as a goodwill gesture, which we were assured by our legal advisors was more than generous in the circumstances, and this malicious review is clearly their response to our not caving to their demands for a full refund plus their travel expenses!
The road is narrow but is perfectly wide enough for two cars to pass. You can park directly beside the front door to unload, and parking is less than 100yds walk from the cottage.
When the reviewer complained on arrival that she was not happy with the property, it was apparent that her husband had booked the cottage, and she was labouring under the impression that the cottage had a 5-star rating from the Tourist Board, which we have never claimed. We believe perhaps they were confused as we had 5-stars on our Trip Advisor review rating. We are proud that everyone who has stayed has been really happy with the cottage as you can see from the other reviews.
26 Aug 2012
"Comfortable cottage, good views, sun terrace - great base for exploring area"
Just back from a v enjoyable time based in this comfortable terrace cottage. It's on side of a hill in large village location and arranged on three floors, with sunny terrace outside - catches su… More
28 May 2012
"A little cottage worth roaring about"
We were in dire need of a holiday. Idris Bach ticked all the right boxes - comfortable, quiet, friendly, beautiful surroundings, plenty of day trips nearby but also perfect for relaxing 'at home&… More
11 May 2012
"Most relaxing holiday ever!"
We booked a holiday at Idris Bach because we needed a relaxing break from a few stressful things at home, and we weren't disappointed. The cottage was lovely - wonderful views, comfy sofas, a cos… More
2 Apr 2012
"Exceptional holiday cottage"
Beautifully appointed cottage, all mod cons, incredibly comfortable and cosy. It was genuinely like home from home, with lots of attention to the little domestic details that take the stress out of a … More
This advert is created and maintained by the advertiser; we can only publish adverts in good faith as we don't own, manage or inspect any of the properties. We advise you to familiarise yourself with our terms of use.
You're booking with
Alex V.
- 3 Years listed
90% Response rate
Calendar last updated:10 Nov 2014
Based in United Kingdom
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- German
Payment accepted
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subset: commoncrawl


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Hastings, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hastings, Annapolis , Nova Scotia)
- For other uses, see Hastings (disambiguation).
Hastings is a former community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Annapolis County. It was the scene of a thriving lumber operation, E. D. Davison & Sons, between 1905 and 1921, after which it was abandoned. Its peak of production was during World War I when the mill averaged 170,000 board feet of lumber in a 10 hour shift. Producing 7.8 million board feet of lumber annually, it was at the time the busiest saw milling operation in Nova Scotia.[1]
See also[edit]
- ^ Mike Parker, Buried in the Woods: Sawmill Ghost Towns of Nova Scotia, Pottersfield Press, 2010, pp. 13-26
Coordinates: 44°38′29.56″N 64°52′5.12″W / 44.6415444°N 64.8680889°W
|This Annapolis County, Nova Scotia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
(Updates with stocks rising in first paragraph.)
June 15 (Bloomberg) -- The Philippines' debt rating was raised to the highest level since the start of 2005 by Moody's Investors Service, after the government took steps to reduce its budget deficit. Stocks and the peso rose.
The country's foreign and local currency long-term bond ratings were increased to Ba2 from Ba3, Moody's said in a statement today. The outlook is stable. The move brings the country to two levels below investment grade, placing it above Vietnam and lower than Malaysia and Indonesia.
"The government has done a good job during the last year with a better-than-expected control on its budget deficit," said Jetro Siekkinen, a fund manager in Helsinki at Aktia Asset Management, which owns both peso and dollar bonds sold by the Philippines among $10 billion of assets under management. "The economy is not highly dependent on China. The central bank is doing a good job keeping inflation in check. Things are definitely going in the right direction."
President Benigno Aquino has gone after tax evaders and smugglers to convince investors he can boost revenue to narrow a record budget shortfall. Higher debt ratings reduce the cost of borrowing, making it cheaper for the Philippines to sell debt to fund spending on roads, bridges and schools.
The decision was driven by "the progress made in fiscal consolidation by the new Aquino administration; and the sustained nature of macroeconomic stability, coupled with continued strength in the external payments position, against a background of a significant pick-up in the momentum for economic growth," Moody's said.
Stocks Climb
The country's benchmark stock index rose 1.5 percent today, ending four days of declines. The peso advanced after the Moody's decision before trading little changed at 43.35 a dollar as of 12:30 p.m.
The cost of protecting the nation's debt from default fell 3.5 basis points, or 0.035 percentage point, to 130.50, according to 11:50 a.m. prices at Royal Bank of Scotland. That's the lowest since May 6. The yield on the 8.125 percent peso debt due December 2035 fell five basis points to 7.95 percent.
"This is a confirmation that the Philippines has cleared the path for growth and what it needs now is a vehicle to race through that road," said Rico Gomez, who helps manage about $1.5 billion at Manila-based Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. "This could help, but the market needs to see a growth driver for the index to reach a record."
Standard & Poor's
Standard & Poor's in November raised its rating on Philippine debt for the first time since 1997, boosting it to BB, the second-highest non-investment grade. Fitch Ratings rates Philippine debt BB, two levels below investment grade.
The Philippines reported a budget surplus of 26.3 billion pesos ($607 million) in April as revenue rose and spending fell. The surplus was 61 million pesos in the first four months, compared with a deficit of 131.80 billion pesos in the same period in 2010.
The government had a record budget shortfall of 314 billion pesos in 2010. The $161 billion economy expanded 7.6 percent last year.
"The improvement in revenue collection has satisfied the ratings agency," said Banco de Oro Unibank Inc. market strategist, Jonathan Ravelas. "The government should not, however, rest on its laurels since the fiscal data also highlights the under-spending of the government which is needed to boost growth."
Policy Credibility
The rating upgrade shows the Philippines "can improve fiscal space without resorting to new revenue measures," said President Aquino's spokesman, Ricky Carandang. It will allow the government to borrow at a lower rate, he said.
"While we expect expenditures to increase significantly in the second half of 2011 as the government commences its cornerstone infrastructure investment program, the rise will not likely derail the trend towards fiscal consolidation," Moody's said. "By demonstrating firm fiscal restraint, the government has bolstered its policy credibility."
Still, the government's "budgetary interest burden and its debt overhang" remain high compared with its peers, the rating company said.
--With assistance from Karl Lester M. Yap and Ian Sayson in Manila, David Yong in Singapore and Cherian Thomas in New Delhi. Editors: Stephanie Phang, Clarissa Batino
To contact the reporter on this story: Cecilia Yap in Manila at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Stephanie Phang at firstname.lastname@example.com; Rebecca Evans at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
STOCKTON – The iconic San Joaquin County Administration Building in downtown Stockton consolidates some 16 different support and service departments.
STOCKTON - Country superstar Carrie Underwood is appearing on Feb. 26 at the Stockton Arena.
MODESTO - Ralph Woodson's Purple Haze is not your typical tribute band.
MODESTO – Music is in the air at Modesto Junior College.
MODESTO - The fifth consecutive year that local singers will gather to participate in a sing-along performance of Handel's "Messiah" takes place Sunday, Nov. 18.
STOCKTON - The Stockton Chorale will a "Make a Joyful Noise" for the Holidays on Nov. 30 and Dec. 1 with performances under the direction of artistic director/conductor Magen Solomon.
California State University, Stanislaus students showcased their newest artistic contemplations at reception Thursday evening at the CSU Art Gallery.
SONORA - What do you get when you whirl together Rudolph, Tiny Tim, Cindy Lou Who, Frosty, fruitcake, Santa, Scrooge, big-city Christmas parades and holiday folklore from around the globe? A hilarious, joyful mash-up that has theater audiences from coast to coast lining up for more.
SONORA – Reclamation announces the fall season interpretive programs at New Melones Lake. All activities are free of charge, suitable for all ages and most do not require reservations. Please wear sturdy shoes and clothing appropriate for the weather. A water bottle and sunscreen are also recommended. Children under the age of 18 must be accompanied by an adult.
California's Central Valley is often overlooked compared to other attractions offered within the state. The Central Valley, however, offers more than attractions and fake animatronics; instead, the land instills a genuine, rustic appeal that allows one to drive as in a reverie of life outside the urban geographic region.
Manteca is known as The Family City.
With more than 700 miles of waterways there are bound to be a few scenic stretches along the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta perfect for an afternoon cruise.
Heading up either Highway 120 or 88 into the foothills always offers an interesting respite in the towns of Sonora and Columbia to Murphys and Angels Camp and even into Groveland's Pine Mountain Lake – especially for newcomers to the Central Valley.
Once upon a time, Morada was home to Pollardville ghost town and chicken kitchen family restaurant.
Whether you are an avid cyclist bent on adventure, or a calm, slow biker wanting to cruise down the street, Canal Drive in Turlock offers one of the more bike-friendly paths for an autumn jaunt.
LATHROP – Trick-or-treating is so passé.
STOCKTON – Halloween in Stockton has something for folks of all ages.
Most Halloween celebrations last for just a day. At Manteca Care and Rehabilitation Center in Manteca, it will be double the fun in two days full of costumes, cupcakes, and live entertainment.
MANTECA – There's Pixie Woods in Stockton and Micke Grove in Lodi – places that offer plenty of attractions and recreational facilities for the young.
PATTERSON – Whether kids like to skate, bike, or even rollerblade, the skate park in Patterson is the only place to go according to local skateboarders Abraham Garcia-Ramos and Joel Becerril.
STOCKTON – Pixie Woods Amusement Park was once described as Stockton's own fairyland for the "young in age and young at heart."
MODESTO – "Dad – what are we going to do today?"
Its been called California's Main Street. It splits from Interstate 5 some 90 miles south of Mt. Shasta – the state's most imposing volcano – and remerges with Interstate 5 at the base of the Grapevine that takes you over the Tehachapi Mountains and dumps you into the Southland.
Forget about the Norman Rockwell touchy feely approach to pumpkins.
Since 2007, RAM Farms in Turlock has provided the community with a perfect fall destination filled with pumpkins and a challenging corn maze. Now into their 7th year, the farm proves that it is better than ever by offering even more pumpkins and hours of family fun.
Got pumpkins?
Fantozzi Farms 12th Annual Corn Maze and Pumpkin Patch in Patterson provides plenty of family fun for the community and visitors with colossal corn mazes, a variety of pumpkins, and fun-filled activities.
For those in search of the Great Pumpkin look no further than Countryside Farms.


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This entertaining, informative, lavishly illustrated, and award-winning volume takes you around dozens of the best courses in Scotland, the birthplace of golf---from the historic splendor of St. Andrews to the regal luxury at Gleneagles, from the majestic lighthouse at Turnberry to the challenging links---land at Muirfield. With its indispensable advice on courses as well as on the sights, restaurants, and hotels, Scotland: Where Golf Is Great showcases the best of the best. Whether golfers actually make the pilgrimage or arm-chair it, this is an unsurpassed celebration of the places where golf is, indeed, great.
"A wonderful guided tour in words and pictures of the most celebrated courses and clubs in Scotland."---Arnold Palmer
"Jim Finegan transports you to these magical lands."---Jack Nicklaus
"In all of golfdom, Jim Finegan is unique in his passion, his insight, and his ability to bring the game to life."---Michael Bamberger
"Such a treat: a guide to courses as well as to the pubs, castles and ruins that any traveler might want to visit."---Los Angeles Times
"Finegans deft prose threads together personal anecdotes, golf lore, local history and descriptions of a remarkable array of courses."---The wall Street Journal
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|A story about the death of my chracter frankie that leads to him becoming what we all know him as, a zombie.
Part 2:
Rebirthing: The Rebuilding "And if you look here, you will see that you divide 2 by 4, than find the tangent of that, which will give you X, and- Griffin, are you hearing a WORD of what I'm explaining?!"
Part 3:
Rebirthing: The living .::Chapter 1::. Frankie awoke with a hard pounding in his head, almost like being slammed with a hammer repeatedly. His whole body felt sore, as though he slept in an awkward position all night and woke up to tight muscles. So sore it hurt to even breathe. Then, he noticed how bright it suddenly was. It was almost blinding, as it hurt to open his eyes. It was than Frankie realized his head was facing straight at the light, allowing it to shine bright into his eyes. He carefully turned his head away, wincing at the straining it put on the tight muscles in his neck. Turning his neck away helped get the light to stop shining directly in his eyes, allowing him to slowly open them up, easing them open, letting himself adjust to the bright lights. Upon adjusting to the light, he noticed that his face was covered in a sheet, along with his whole body. He slowly sat up, letting the sheet fall away to from him. As he did so and let h
warning: The story IS about gay character of mine, he does say he loves someone, and the first part of the story does describe his death in mild detail. If you are against LGBT or any violence at all, do not read the story
19DarkArtist94 - hrexchibitalia
qstarz305 - her oc sophie
gaybies-R-us - seesall as mad hatter
Ninja46464 - Deathsy and Mad Hatter as kids
Another Giveaway [NEW WINNERS] I'm sorry to have to do this, but only 2 of the 10 winners contacted me to get their prizes, so I have redrawn for the remaining 8 spots. To the new winners: Please send me a note by Friday at 11:59pm EST. I don't want to have to redraw again.Another Giveaway [NEW WINNERS] by Smoppet
150 Points
:iconSam-Lazarus: :iconWriteRelease:
25 Points
I'll do another Giveaway once I get my hands on some more money. Thanks for participating!
I'm offering another contest because what do people even spend money on? This time there will be more winners! This contest ends June 30, 2014 at 11:59 EST. The winner will be announced July 1, 2014.
1 person will win 200 points
3 people will win 150 points
6 people will win 25 points
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Fave the journal!
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2000 Point Giveaway! [CLOSED]:iconkermityayplz: :iconkermityayplz:2000 Point Giveaway! [CLOSED] by Smoppet
Congrats! You won 2000 points!
Didn't win? I'm holding a smaller contest in which there will be 10 winners! Why don't you try again?
(Also the rules are a bit easier).
I'll probably do another big giveaway in the future since I always seem to have money around. Thanks for participating!!
I've gone senile, I guess, so I've decided to do a 2000 point giveaway! I've never done one of these or participated in one before so I'm going to keep things nice and simple. I'll use RandomPicker to generate a winner. The raffle ends May 31, 2014 at 11:59pm EST. The winner will be announced June 1, 2014 at whatever time I get online.
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I can be a troll at times
I may seem quiet and awkward to talk to at first, but can be loud and obnoxious once you get to know me
If you do ask for a request, it WILL take a long time for me to make, I am a really slow artist when it comes to drawing others' ideas
I am obsessed with The Beatles
I love slenderman and marblehornets
zombies are my favorite monster
.::~Movies/TV shows~::.
It's September 28th which means it's that time of the year again and your special day is here! We hope you have an awesome day with lots of birthday fun, gifts, happiness and most definitely, lots of cake! Here's to another year!
Many well wishes and love from your friendly birthdays team
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It's September 28th which means it's that time of the year again and your special day is here! We hope you have an awesome day with lots of birthday fun, gifts, happiness and most definitely, lots of cake! Here's to another year!
Many well wishes and love from your friendly birthdays team
Birthdays Team
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counter strike 1.6 zombie... (1 program)
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Facebook at Work: should the social network quit while it's ahead?
Every time Facebook releases a new app, product, or service, I sigh. Facebook's come a long way since... See more
Activision tries to shut down YouTube videos explaining cheats for Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare
Cheating in online multiplayer games can be a real problem. It upsets the playing field, and while... See more
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Torchlight celebration adds award presentation
One of the SUNY Oswego's oldest traditions will join a new one as seniors celebrate Commencement Eve on Friday, May 13.
Fri Apr 29, 2005
Grant supports exploration of economic theory
A SUNY Oswego student and faculty member will explore a theory by one of the world's most influential economists under a campus Student/Faculty Collaborative Challenge Grant.
Wed Apr 27, 2005
Concert Band to perform May 4
The SUNY Oswego Concert Band under the direction of Angela Space will perform an evening of wind and percussion repertoire at 7 p.m. Wednesday, May 4, in Tyler Hall's Waterman Theatre on campus.
Thu Apr 21, 2005
'Measure for Measure' tackles issues of morality, justice
Under the direction of department chair Mark Cole, SUNY Oswego's theatre department is preparing to tackle one of Shakespeare's most unpredictable and wickedly comedic dramas, "Measure for Measure."
Wed Apr 20, 2005
Professor receives federal grant to study infants
Dr. Leigh F. Bacher, an assistant professor of psychology at SUNY Oswego, will open a door to potential new insights in health and behavior when she begins collecting data this summer in a two-year project funded by the National Eye Institute, one of the National Institutes of Health.
Wed Apr 20, 2005
Psychology professor attains distinguished rank
The State University board of trustees recently approved the promotion of Dr. Jacqueline Reihman of SUNY Oswego's psychology department to distinguished teaching professor, a rank above full professor.
Wed Apr 20, 2005
Online chats connect potential students with answers
On a recent Monday evening, several SUNY Oswego administrators and students sat in Culkin Hall, talking in online chat rooms. But it was work, not play, the latest in a series of Internet chats the Office of Admissions holds with prospective students.
Wed Apr 20, 2005
Hollywood P.O.V. offers intimate look at entertainment industry
Students from SUNY Oswego and other colleges can get an inside view of the entertainment industry through Oswego's first-ever Hollywood P.O.V. summer session, from Aug. 1 to 14 in Los Angeles.
Wed Apr 20, 2005
Student, professor collaborate on Middle Eastern teaching project
Jennifer L. Gianetto, currently a teaching assistant at Fairley Elementary School in Hannibal, and her former professor, Dr. Audrey Rule of SUNY Oswego, have published an article in the current issue of the journal published by the National Council for the Social Studies on Gianetto's master's degree project on teaching about Middle Eastern antiquity.
Wed Apr 20, 2005
King appointed dean of graduate studies
Dr. Susan Coultrap-McQuin, vice president of academic affairs and provost at SUNY Oswego, has announced the appointment of Dr. David King as dean of graduate studies and research at the college.
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Annual Pancake Days Coming to Downtown YMCA in Evansville
Bring the family and your appetite and get ready to chow down on some good old fashioned flapjacks!
Bring the family and your appetite and get ready to chow down on some good old fashioned flapjacks!
Brush up on your language skills and get ready to nail that triple word score while helping fund The Literacy Center of Evansville.
Low Cost Vaccine Clinics are a great resource for our community! They allow those of us that have pets to keep them safe and save a little money and this particular clinic is going to help benefit the Warrick County Animal Control.
Eat delicious food AND help a great local cause? How can you go wrong? <Spoiler Alert!> You can't!
The collaboration will benefit the Tri-State Food Bank.
The McMoney (sorry, couldn't help it) raised will help fund the school's "Crusaders for College" campaign.
If the combination of winter weather and road salt has left your ride's appearance "less than desireable," here's your chance to shine it up and help out a great local cause all in one stop!
Assuming the world doesn't end on Dec. 21st (let's say for argument sake, it won't, or didn't depending on when you read this), the new year will bring with it a high demand for blood. In an effort to keep up supplies, the Southwestern Indiana Red Cross will host several blood drives across the Evansville area beginning New Year's Day.
We need your help in making sure kids right here in the tri-state are getting good, healthy meals when the school week is over.
For 50 years, the Harlem Wizards have toured the country putting smiles on the faces of millions with their own special brand of "show basketball", helping raise millions of dollars for schools and non-profits along the way, including the Castle High School Basketball Boosters who are bringing the Wizards in for a charity game on Monday, December 3rd.
Earlier in the month, Indianapolis Colts mascot, Blue, asked the teams' cheerleaders if they would be willing to follow the lead of the Colts players and shave their heads if he could get fans to donate $10,000 to leukemia research by November 25th. Fans went above and beyond, raising over double the goal, so now it was time for one brave cheerleader to keep up her end of the bargain.
As I mentioned in a previous entry, the holiday's provide a double-edged sword for the Southwestern Indiana Chapter of the American Red Cross. On one hand the demand for blood is at one of its highest points of the year, while on the other hand, supply is low as the hustle and bustle of the holiday season prevents people from finding time to donate.


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This invention is directed to a novel formulation for effectively utilizing hydrophobic permeation enhancers for the increased permeability of active agents through the skin or mucosa along with reduction of the lag time between application of the active agent and attainment of a therapeutically effective agent flux, with little or no irritation to the host. The invention is directed to compositions containing a hydrophobic permeation enhancer, which permeation enhancer has been micronized and stabilized in an inert carrier such as water. These compositions can be combined with a biologically active agent to provide enhanced permeability of the active agent to the skin or mucosa.
1. A formulation for the transdermal delivery of corticosteroid at a therapeutically effective rate to the skin of a host and with little or no irritation to the host, which formulation comprises:
(a) corticosteroid;
(b) 0.1-50 wt % of a hydrophobic permeation enhancer selected from the group consisting of glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol monolinoleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan dilaurate, sorbitan trilaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan dioleate, and sorbitan trioleate, the permeation enhancer being in microparticles of from about 0.01 to about 1000 microns in diameter;
(c) 0.1-5 wt % of a micronization stabilizer selected from the group consisting of sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate, sodium dodecylsulfate, and sodium benzoate; and
(d) an inert carrier.
2. A formulation according to claim 1 wherein the inert carrier is selected from the group consisting of water, glycerol, and polyethylene glycols.
3. A formulation according to claim 2 wherein the inert carrier is water.
4. A formulation according to claim 1 wherein the corticosteroid is hydrocortisone.
5. A formulation according to claim 1 wherein the permeation enhancer is selected from the group consisting of glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate, and glycerol monolinoleate.
6. A formulation according to claim 1 which further comprises 10-60 wt % of a waxy oil and 5-25 wt % of a humectant.
7. A formulation according to claim 6 wherein the waxy oil is petrolatum and the humectant is glycerol.
This application is division of Ser. No. 07/842,816 filed Feb. 27, 1992, now abandoned.
This invention pertains to the transdermal delivery of active agents and more particularly to novel methods and compositions for improving the permeation activity of hydrophobic permeation enhancers.
Certain compounds are known in the art for their ability to provide enhanced permeability of skin or other body surfaces to biologically active agents. However, when these permeation enhancers are hydrophobic, their true permeation enhancement effect is often not completely expressed in practical application due to their limited solubility in water. The low solubility leads to a slow dissolution rate of the permeation enhancers in the water. Since partitioning of the permeation enhancers into the skin is much controlled by the dissolution, it is a slow process and there can be a significant lag time between application and attainment of the desired active agent flux.
The problem with hydrophobic permeation enhancers can be solved by co-delivering a hydrophobic enhancer with a solvent carrier such as propylene glycol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or other small molecules which can solubilize the hydrophobic enhancers. However, with such solvents, irritation problems to the host are frequently encountered.
Therefore, despite the development of the art, there has remained a continuing need for improved techniques in the transdermal delivery of active agents with hydrophobic permeation enhancers.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide increased transport of an active agent across the skin or mucosa.
It is a further object of the invention to provide improved transdermal permeation activity of a hydrophobic permeation enhancer.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a formulation for the transdermal delivery of an active agent at a therapeutically effective rate.
Another object of the invention is to eliminate the lag time between application of an active agent formulation to the skin or mucosa and attainment of the desired therapeutically effective flux level.
Yet another object of the invention is to avoid skin irritation arising as a result of an active agent formulation containing a hydrophobic permeation enhancer.
These and other objects of the invention are addressed by the present invention which is directed to compositions which provide accelerated partitioning of hydrophobic permeation enhancers into the skin or mucosa while exhibiting little or no irritation to the skin. More particularly, the invention is directed to compositions containing a hydrophobic permeation enhancer, which permeation enhancer has been micronized and stabilized in an inert carrier such as water. These compositions can be combined with a biologically active agent to provide enhanced permeability of the active agent to the skin or mucosa.
The invention is also directed to active agent formulations containing and active agent together with a micronized hydrophobic permeation enhancer and having enhanced permeability to the skin or mucosa.
The invention is additionally directed to a system which comprises a carrier or matrix adapted to be placed in active agent- and permeation enhancer-transmitting relation to a selected skin or other body site. The carrier or matrix contains sufficient amounts of active agent and permeation enhancer to continuously coadminister to the site, over a predetermined delivery period, the active agent, in a therapeutically effective amount, and the hydrophobic permeation enhancer, in an amount effective to enhance the permeation of the skin to the active agent.
The invention is further directed to methods for making and using the compositions, the formulations and the systems of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the flux of hydrocortisone through epidermis from various glycerol monolaurate compositions falling under the present invention.
FIGS. 2 and 3 are graphs showing the flux of hydrocortisone through epidermis from various cream formulations falling under the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the flux from one donor epidermis and FIG. 3 shows the flux from epidermis of another donor.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the skin blanching (expressed as net value after substraction of the value recorded with untreated skin at a control site) obtained in the presence of two hydrocortisone formulations and a commercial formulation of hydrocortisone valerate.
This invention utilizes principles of transdermal drug delivery to provide a novel formulation for effectively utilizing hydrophobic permeation enhancers for the increased permeability of active agents through the skin or mucosa along with reduction of the lag time between application of the active agent and attainment of a therapeutically effective agent flux, with little or no irritation to the host.
In order to accelerate the partitioning of hydrophobic permeation enhancers in non-solvent, inert carriers such as water, glycerol and polyethylene glycols with various molecular weights (such as PEG 400), it has been found by the inventors that the permeation enhancer can be micronized in the inert carrier to provide particles of from about 0.01 microns to about 1000 microns in diameter. These microparticles can then be stabilized by the addition of a stabilizing agent to provide a composition of micronized and stabilized hydrophobic permeation enhancer (the "permeation enhancer composition" of the invention). It has been found that when an active agent and this permeation enhancer composition are combined to make an active agent formulation according to the present invention, the active agent formulation surprisingly provides a greatly increased flux of the active agent with a reduction in the lag time as compared to a formulation utilizing a non-micronized hydrophobic permeation enhancer.
Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the micronization accelerates the skin partitioning of the permeation enhancer as a result of one, or possibly both, of two possible scientific grounds: an increased dissolution rate due to increased surface area of the permeation enhancer (the Noyes Whitney equation) or an increase of thermodynamic activity due to reduced particle size of the permeation enhancer (the Kelvin equation). The resulting accelerated skin partitioning increases the permeation activity of the enhancer while reducing or eliminating the lag time between application to the skin and attainment of a therapeutically effective flux rate. Additionally, because accelerated partitioning can occur in an inert carrier as a result of this invention., use of harmful solvents are not necessary and irritation to the host is therefore avoided.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the permeation enhancer composition of the invention is prepared by mechanically or otherwise micronizing a hydrophobic permeation enhancer in an inert carrier such as water by methods generally known in the art. The resulting microparticles of enhancer are from about 0.01 micron to about 1000 microns in diameter, preferably from about 0.1 micron to about 100 microns. A micronization stabilizing agent is then added to maintain the microparticles distributed throughout the carrier solution. Without the stabilizer, the microparticles will precipitate out of solution and the composition will lose its increased permeation-enhancing effectiveness.
Permeation enhancers which are useful in the present invention are those enhancers which are hydrophobic so that they are insoluble or only slightly soluble in water or other inert carriers. This includes, but is not limited to, fatty acids of from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, such as oleic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid; mono-, di- and tri-glycerides of C10-20 fatty acids, such as glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate, glycerol trioleate and glycerol monolinoleate; C10-20 fatty acid mono-, di- and tri-esters of sorbitols, such as sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, and sorbitan monolaurate; isopropyl myristate; sucrose monococoate; and the like. Glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monooleate, and glycerol monolinoleate are presently preferred. The hydrophobic permeation enhancer is present in the composition in a permeation-enhancing amount, that is, in an amount to effectively enhance the permeation of an active agent. This will depend on several factors, such as the particular active agent to be delivered but is generally in an amount of from about 0.1 wt % to about 50 wt %, preferably of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %.
The micronization stabilizer is hydrophilic and water soluble and may be selected from, but is not limited to, bile salts such as sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate, sodium dehydrocholate, and the like; sodium laurate; sodium dodecylsulfate; sodium benzoate; sodium alginate; benzalkonium chloride; Tween 20; Tween 80; polyvinyl alcohol; and other ionic or nonionic surfactants with hydrophilic and lipophilic balance numbers greater than 15. The stabilizer is generally present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt %, preferably from about 0.2 wt % to about 3 wt %.
The inert carrier is preferably water, but may also be selected from, for example, glycerol and polyethylene glycols such as PEG 400.
The hydrophobic permeation enhancer composition of the present invention may be combined with a biologically active agent to provide enhanced transdermal delivery of the agent. As used herein, the term "transdermal" delivery or application refers to the delivery or application of agents by passage through skin, mucosa and/or other body surfaces by topical application. It is believed that this invention has utility in connection with the delivery of active agents within the broad class normally delivered through body surfaces and membranes, including the skin.
As used herein, the expression "active agent" is used interchangeably with the term "drug", and the two expressions are intended to have their broadest interpretation as to any therapeutically active substance, agent, drug, composition of matter or mixture thereof which is delivered to a living organism to produce a desired, usually beneficial, effect. In general, this includes therapeutic agents in all of the major therapeutic areas. Included among the types of agents which meet this description are biocides, sterilization agents, food supplements, nutrients, vitamins, sex sterilants, fertility inhibitors and fertility promoters. The agents include drugs which act on the peripheral nerves, adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors, the skeletal muscles, the cardiovascular system, smooth muscles, the blood circulatory system, synoptic sites, neuroeffector junctional sites, endocrine and hormone systems, the immunological system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, autocoid systems, the alimentary and excretory systems, the histamine system and the central nervous system. Suitable agents may be selected from, for example, proteins, enzymes, hormones, polynucleotides, nucleoproteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, M. lipoproteins, polypeptides, steroids, analgesics, local anesthetics, antibiotic agents, anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, ocular drugs and synthetic analogs of these species.
Examples of beneficial agents with which this invention can be utilized are prochlorperazine edisylate, ferrous sulfate, aminocaproic acid, mecaxylamine hydrochloride, procainamide hydrochloride, amphetamine sulfate, methamphetamine hydrochloride, benzphetamine hydrochloride, isoproteronol sulfate, phenmetrazine hydrochloride, bethanechol chloride, methacholine chloride, pilocarpine hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, scopolamine bromide, isopropamide iodide, tridihexethyl chloride, phenformin hydrochloride, methylphenidate hydrochloride, theophylline cholinate, cephalexin hydrochloride, diphenidol, mectizine hydrochloride, prochlorperazine maleate, phenoxybenzamine, thiethylperazine maleate, anisindone, diphenadione erythrityl tetranitrate, digoxin, isoflurophate, acetazolamide, methazolamide, bendroflumethiazide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide, chlormadinone acetate, phenaglycodol, allopurinol, aluminum aspirin, methotrexate, acetyl sulfisoxazole, erythromycin, hydrocortisone, hydrocorticosterone acetate, cortisone acetate, dexamethasone and its derivatives such as betamethasone, triamcinolone, methyltestosterone, 17-β-estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol 3-methyl ether, pednisolone, 17-β-hydroxyprogesterone acetate, 19-nor-progesterone, norgestrel, norethindrone, norethisterone, norethiederone, progesterone, norgesterone, norethynodrel, aspirin, indomethacin, naproxen, fenoprofen, sulindac, indoprofen, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, propranolol, timolol, atenolol, alprenolol, cimetidine, clonidine, imipramine, levodopa, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, dihydroxyphenylalanine, theophylline, calcium gluconate, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, cephalexin, erythromycin, haloperidol, zomepirac, ferrous lactate, vincamine, diazepam, phenoxybenzamine, diltiazem, milrinone, capropril, mandol, quanbenz, hydrochlorothiazide, ranitidine, flurbiprofen, fenbufen, fluprofen, tolmetin, alclofenac, mefenamic, flufenamic, difuninal, nimodipine, nitrendipine, nisoldipine, nicardipine, felodipine, lidoflazine, tiapamil, gallopamil, amlodipine, mioflazine, lisinopril, enalapril, captopril, ramipril, endlapriat, famotidine, nizatidine, sucralfate, etintidine, tetratolol, minoxidil, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, amitriptylin, and imipramine. Further examples are proteins and peptides which include, but are not limited to, insulin, colchicine, glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid and pituitary hormones, calcitonin, renin, prolactin, corticotrophin, thyrotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, bovine somatotropin, porcine somatotropin, oxytocin, vasopressin, prolactin, somatostatin, lypressin, pancreozymin, luteinizing hormone, LHRH, interferons, interleukins, growth hormones such as human growth hormone, bovine growth hormone and porcine growth hormone, fertility inhibitors such as the prostaglandins, fertility promoters, growth factors, and human pancreas hormone releasing factor.
The active agent can be present in this invention in a wide variety of chemical and physical forms, such as uncharged molecules, molecular complexes, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition and base addition salts such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfate, laurylate, oleate, and salicylate. For acidic compounds, salts of metals, amines or organic cations can be used. Derivatives such as esters, ethers and amides can be used. An active agent can be used alone or mixed with other active agents.
The lists of active agents recited above are given only to illustrate the types of active agents which are suitable for use in practicing the invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive.
The amount of active agent employed in the delivery device will be that amount necessary to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of the agent to achieve the desired result at the site of application. In practice, this will vary depending on the particular agent, the severity of the condition, and the desired effect, as well as the desired rate and duration of release.
The terms "therapeutically effective rate" and "therapeutically effective amount" as used herein mean a rate or an amount which provides a therapeutic effect or result.
The active agent and the micronized hydrophobic permeation enhancer are typically dispersed within a physiologically compatible matrix or carrier which may be applied directly to the body as an ointment, liquid, lotion, gel, cream, suppository or sublingual or buccal tablet, for example, or they may be administered from a matrix or carrier in a transdermal therapeutic delivery device. When used in the form of a liquid, ointment, lotion, cream or gel applied directly to the skin, it is often desirable although not required to occlude the site of administration to prevent evaporation of any volatile components. Such formulations can also contain other components of topical compositions as are known to the art. The formulations may also contain other optional components which enhance their cosmetic appeal or acceptability, such as thickeners, dyes, pigments, fragrances, perfumes, and the like.
Transdermal therapeutic devices for delivering a wide variety of drugs or other beneficial agents are well known in the art. Typical devices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,598,122, 3,598,123, 4,286,592, 4,314,557, 4,379,454, 4,559,222 and 4,573,995, for example. The coadministration of an active agent and a micronized hydrophobic permeation enhancer as disclosed herein can be accomplished using transdermal devices of these kinds.
In operation, the active agent formulation of the present invention is applied to an area of skin or mucosa as determined by the therapeutic result desired. If it is applied in an ointment, lotion or gel, for example, it is spread onto the area and it can be covered or occluded, although this is not required. If it is applied with a skin patch or other transdermal delivery device, the device is placed on the area of skin or mucosa and is held in place by an adhesive layer or overlay. Once the formulation is placed on the skin, it will begin coadministering the active agent and the permeation enhancer to the wearer so that the active agent is delivered in a therapeutically effective amount without irritation to the wearer.
While the active agent formulation can be administered to the skin or mucosa from a skin patch or other transdermal delivery device, it is preferably administered to skin or mucosa by direct application to the skin or mucosa in a carrier in the form of an ointment, gel, cream or lotion, for example. The formulation should be designed to deliver the active agent and the micronized hydrophobic permeation enhancer at the necessary release rates.
In a presently preferred embodiment of this invention, the active agent formulation is a cream. In addiition to the active agent, hydrophobic permeation enhancer, stabilizer and inert carrier, other additives may be included to provide an active agent cream with enhanced permeation activity. These additives include a humectant and a waxy oil.
The humectant may be selected from any of the known humectants which are compatible with the permeation enhancer and the active agent. These include, but are not limited to, glycerol, PEG400, propylene glycol, and the like. The humectant is generally present in the active agent formulation in an amount of from about 5 wt % to about 25 wt %.
The waxy oil may be selected from those generally known in the art and includes, but is not limited to, white petrolatum, fats, high molecular weight (i.e., solid or solid-like) organic alcohols, polyglycol esters, and the like. The oil phase is generally present in the active agent formulation in an amount of from about 10 wt % to about 60 wt %. This imparts stability and a smooth and velvety feel to the skin surface. It also assists in water retention.
Additionally, additives such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or any other fatty alcohols may optionally be included in the oil phase to improve the creamy texture of the cream formulation.
When a constant drug delivery rate is desired, the active agent is present in the active agent formulation at a concentration at or in excess of saturation or solubility, the amount of excess being a function of the desired length of the agent delivery period. The active agent may, however, be present at a level below saturation without departing from this invention as long as the drug and the permeation enhancer are continuously and co-extensively administered to the same skin or mucosa site in an amount and for a period of time sufficient to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
The following examples are offered to illustrate the practice of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
A hydrocortisone formulation according to this invention was prepared as follows.
A first mixture of white petrolatum (35 wt %), glycerol monolaurate ("GML"; 15 wt %), glycerol (12 wt %) arid hydrocortisone (0.5 wt %) was heated in a water bath at 80�-85� C. with stirring until melted.
A second mixture, containing sodium deoxycholate (1.0 wt %) and water (36.5 wt %), was also heated separately in as water bath at 80�-85� C. with stirring until melted.
The two melts were then combined and allowed to cool, with constant stirring or shaking until the combined mixture was congealed, to give a hydrocortisone cream having contained therein a dispersion of micronized fine solid particles of glycerol monolaurate.
Following the procedure of Example 1, the formulations under Table A below were prepared (amounts are in wt %):
TABLE A______________________________________ID. GML WPL Glycerol NaDC Water HCT______________________________________A 10.0 0 0 0 89.5 0.5B 15.0 0 0 0.5 84.0 0.5C 10.0 0 0 0.5 89.0 0.5D 7.5 0 0 0.5 91.5 0.5E 5.0 0 0 0.5 94.0 0.5F 2.5 0 0 0.5 96.5 0.5G 0.5 0 0 0.5 98.5 0.5H 0.25 0 0 0.5 98.75 0.5I 0 0 0 0.5 99.0 0.5J 25.0 25.0 12.0 1.0 36.5 0.5______________________________________ GML = glycerol monolaurate WPL = white petrolatum NaDC = sodium deoxycholate HCT = hydrocortisone
The hydrocortisone formulations A-J from Example 2 were tested in vitro to determine the flux of hydrocortisone across human cadaver epidermis at 35� C.
Test data were obtained using a 1.13 cm2 wet-wet horizontal flux cell with 250 mg of donor solution and 20 ml of receptor solution (water). All donor formulations were saturated with the drug. The donor solution was removed and replaced periodically, and the transdermal flux and total drug permeated were measured. The transdermal flux of hydrocortisone for each formulation is shown in FIG. 1. The cumulative amount of drug permeated over 46 hours is shown in Table B below.
TABLE B______________________________________ Cumulative HCT PermeatedID. (μg/cm2 /46 hr)______________________________________A 47B 49C 45D 65E 40F 34G 20H 8I 1J 70______________________________________
While formulation A, without the sodium deoxycholate as a stabilizer, showed comparable flux to several other of the formulations, formulation A was unstable and the microparticles of GML settled out of solution and onto the bottom of the vessel. The formulations with NaDC all maintained their dispersion of micronized particles of GML regardless of the temperature or other environmental variables.
Various hydrocortisone cream formulations with different stabilizers were prepared following the procedures of Example 1. The formulations are given under Table C below (amounts are in wt %).
TABLE C__________________________________________________________________________Cream Composition (%) Na- Tween Benzalk.I.D. WPL GML Glycerol SDS Benz. 20 Na--Alg. chl. NaDC Water HCT__________________________________________________________________________K 35 15 12 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- 36.5 0.5L 35 15 12 -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- 36.5 0.5M 35 15 12 -- -- 2.0 -- -- -- 35.5 0.5N 35 15 12 -- -- -- 0.34 -- -- 37.16 0.5O 35 15 12 -- -- -- -- 1.0 -- 36.5 0.5P 30 20 12 -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 36.5 0.5__________________________________________________________________________ WPL = white petrolatum GML = glycerol monolaurate SDS = Na dodecylsulfate NaBenz = sodium benzoate Na--Alg. = sodium alginate NaDC = sodium deoxycholate Benzalk. chl. = benzalkonium chloride HCT = hydrocortisone
The hydrocortisone formulation K-P from Example 4 were tested in vitro for drug flux and compared with a commercial hydrocortisone cream, Dermolate� (0.5% hydrocortisone; Schering-Plough HealthCare Products; formulation "Der."), following the procedures of Example 3, except that the donor loading was 100 mg/1.13 cm2 and the formulations were tested on each of two different samples of epidermis.
The transdermal flux of hydrocortisone through 1.13 cm2 of epidermis #1 is shown in FIG. 2 and of epidermis #2 is shown in FIG. 3. The cumulative amount of drug permeated over 45 hours is shown in Table D below.
Dermolate, in addition to 0.5% hydrocortisone, also comprises ceteareth-30, cetearyl alcohol, mineral oil, petrolatum, propylene glycol, sodium phosphate and water.
TABLE D______________________________________ Cumulative HCT Permeated (μg/cm2 /45 hr)ID. Epid. 1 Epid. 2______________________________________K 118 125L 74 105M 130 137N 75 93O 56 111P 51 158Der. 1 10______________________________________
Two hydrocortisone formulations according to the invention were prepared and tested in vivo for blanching response. A commercial hydrocortisone valerate cream, Westcort� (0.2% hydrocortisone valerate; Westwood-Squibb Pharmaceuticals), was also tested for comparison.
Two hydrocortisone cream formulations were prepared following the procedures of Example 1. Formulation Q had the following composition: glycerol monolaurate ("GML"; 25 wt %), sodium deoxycholate (1 wt %), white petrolatum (25 wt %), glycerol (12 wt %), hydrocortisone (0.5 wt %) and water (36.5 wt %). Formulation R was identical to Q except that it contained 25 wt % of glycerol monooleate ("GMO") rather than glycerol monolaurate.
Formulations Q and R, together with Westcort Cream, were tested in vivo in three adult males. For testing, 0.10 mL of each formulation was placed in an aluminum cup (1.1 cm2) and applied to the volar forearm of the subjects. After 16 hr, the cups were removed and the sites were washed. At various times thereafter, the sites were observed and the intensity of the vasoconstriction reaction was scored with an electronic instrument, the Minolta Chroma Meter. FIG. 4 illustrates the results, showing the skin blanching, expressed as net value (a* in the L*a*b* system) after substraction of the value recorded with untreated skin. Skin blanching was achieved with all three formulations. This reaction was more pronounced when GML was used as a permeation enhancer in place of GMO. The intensity and the persistence of the reaction with formulation Q containing hydrocortisone was only slightly less pronounced as compared to Westcort Cream containing hydrocortisone valerate, a more potent steroid than hydrocortisone.
Westcort cream, in addition to hydrocortisone valerate, contains white petrolatum, stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, amphoteric-9, carbomer-940, sodium phosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbic acid and water.
The above description and examples have been given for ease of understanding only. No unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
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The New Wonder Vitamin?By- Dr. Joan Marie PellegriniMost of us learned in school that Vitamin D is important for our bone health and that we get it from being in the sun. This is true. The sun on our exposed skin, along with our liver and kidneys, acts to convert the inactive molecule to the active vitamin. We can also get the active vitamin in our diet. Many foods, including milk, are supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin D is critical in regulating our calcium metabolism. We have known for decades that vitamin D is critical for bone development. However, there is now increasingly significant research into the other biologic actions of this vitamin. These include the immune system (both the innate and adaptive), pancreas (i.e. diabetes) and metabolic homeostasis, heart-cardiovascular (heart disease and hypertension), muscle and brain systems (i.e. dementia), as well as the control of the cell cycle, and thus of the disease process of cancer.I have been telling my patients for years that if they have a problem with colon polyps, that taking Caltrate (calcium) and aspirin my help to reduce the number of polyps. New evidence shows that these same patients would probably also benefit from Vitamin D supplementation.Several conditions such as tuberculosis, psoriasis, eczema, Crohn's disease, chest infections, wound infections, influenza, urinary tract infections, eye infections and wound healing may benefit from adequate circulating vitamin D levels.Scientists and nutritionists from many countries agree that at present about half of elderly North Americans and Western Europeans and probably also of the rest of the world are not receiving enough vitamin D to maintain healthy bone. This despite very well publicized national guidelines and supplementing our milk and orange juice. It is unclear exactly why our vitamin D levels are low. It could be from reduced dietary intake or less sun exposure or, more likely, a combination. We all live in a northern climate and this means we have less sun exposure than people living near the equator. Also, we tend to use sun screen which blocks the sun's ability to help our skin make vitamin D.So, should you take a vitamin D supplement? You should evaluate how often you are outside when it is sunny. Is it at least 10 minutes a day without sunscreen? How much vitamin D are you getting in your diet? Dietary sources that are high in vitamin D are milk, orange juice (if the carton says it has added vitamin D), and fatty fish (such as mackerel and salmon). If you think you may not be getting enough, then a supplement of 1000 IU a day during the summer and 200 IU during the winter may be beneficial. If you are someone who seems to get every virus that goes through your office of school, then some experts believe this may be a sign of being relatively vitamin D deficient and that you'd benefit from taking extra vitamin D. If you are on medications or have liver or kidney disease, then you should discuss this issue with your physician before starting vitamin D supplementation.
Submitted by: Carol Cossette1 can cream style corn 1 c. milk 1 egg, well beaten 1 c. cracker crumbs 1/4 c. chopped onion 3 T. chopped pimento 3/4 t. salt 1/2 c. buttered cracker crumbs Heat corn and milk. Gradually stir in egg. Add next 4 ingredients, and a dash of pepper. Mix well. Pour into greased 1 1/2 qt. baking dish. Sprinkle buttered crumbs over top. Bake at 350* for 20-25 minutes.
Submitted by: Linda Emmons, Alton1Pk chopped dates 1/2 cup boiling water 2/3cups walnuts 1 lg box of vanilla pudding sm Whipped topping pinch of nutmeg Mix 1/2 cup water over dates drain water immediately & cool. Sprinkle nuts over crust. Then add dates. Omit 1/2 cup milk from pudding. Put pudding over dates. Add 1/2 cup cool whip to pudding & nutmeg.
Submitted by: Kate Beaulieu, Hampden5 lbs potatoes 6 oz cream cheese (2 packs) 8 oz sour cream 1 Tbls minced garlic 2 Tbls butter paprika Boil potatoes until soft for mashing (or mixing with a blender for smoother potatoes) If using red potatoes, leave skin on after cleaning. Drain. Mix in cream cheese, sour cream & garlic. If it needs more "liquid" add small amounts of milk until desired consistancy. If storing (up to 3 days), put in 8X11 baking dish, cover & refrigerate. When ready to bake. Preheat oven to 325. Dot potatoes with butter and sprinkle with paprika. Bake for 50 minutes.It can be adjusted (temp & time) to accommodate other baking with other items. If not using gravy, top with bacon pieces, tomatoes & cheese and put under broiler until bubbly.
How are you going to vote on Question One about the Casino in Oxford County?Yes 54% (262)No 41% (202)Undecided 5% (23)
Do you vote on Election Day, by Absentee Ballot, or by Early Voting?On the Day 64% (144)Absentee 18% (40)Early 7% (15)I don't vote 12% (26)
Taxes 13% (25 votes)Jobs 35% (70 votes)Economy 33% (65 votes)Social Services 6% (12 votes)Change 9% (17 votes)Other: 4% (9 votes)
Managing Kids and Their Financial ExpectationBy- Marion SyversenIt's can be hard to say no to people you love. Especially when the things people want is affordable and you can easily buy it. So when you're in the store and your baby asks for something and they are so cute and so sweet, it is easy to say, sure. But buying things all the time when kids ask will create serious problems for your kids. In real life they can't have everything they see and want. You don't want them to become so accustomed to wanting or needing things to the extent that they would forgo real relationships for one in which someone who will buy them stuff. And you want fulfillment in their lives to be more than things.Check yourself- Can you say no? If not, why not? Are you fulfilling needs from your emptiness or pain? This is a common reason why parents can't or won't say no. They don't really need the item for which they may presently be begging. It may very well be in your heart.  Life has rules- Are you being mean when you tell your child that not to stand on a chair because they may fall? Is God being mean because there is gravity? Helping your child be a responsible, charitable adult who works hard and is kind to others that's your job as a parent. Here are some rules: You can't have everything you want. Work bring satisfaction and a paycheck. Think of others. Clean up after yourself. It's not all about you.Find teaching tools- It's hard for kids to hear you say you don't have the money when you spend $100 on groceries. I know what it means when you say things about your money, but they only see and hear words that say the opposite of what you are doing. Teaching budgeting, maybe you need to learn about budgeting, is a way to begin this process.  According to a Wall Street Journal article 24% of parents made back to school budgets WITH their kids which was many more than had done it a few years ago.It's okay to learn these truths together. We are all on a journey in life and not as smart or as wise today as we will be, hopefully, next week or next year. But please recognize what motivates you and take control of yourself so you can be a better parent for your children.Citations:http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704285104575491761014550690.html  Â


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Hulu Releases Premiere Trailer for 'AMC' and 'OLTL'; TOLN Confirms Storyline Progressions for Both Soaps
Hulu, the new exclusive home for online viewing of "All My Children" and "One Life to Live," has released the first official trailer on its website highlighting cast and crew from both series as they worked behind the scenes for their photo shoot, which took place on Wednesday, February 27 in Sleepy Hollow, NY at the Sleepy Hollow Country Club. Additionally, Hulu has relaunched its "AMC" and "OLTL" web pages where you can be kept up to date on the latest happenings in Pine Valley and Llanview.
Links: "All My Children" on Hulu / "One Life to Live" on Hulu / TOLN on Hulu
Subsequently, TOLN has confirmed reports that "AMC" will advance its storyline by five years, while "OLTL" will advance storyline in real time. A press release from the company states, "'All My Children' will be set approximately five years later from the time setting of the last episode, unlike 'One Live to Live' which has advanced in real time."
Both "All My Children" and "One Life to Live" will premiere on Monday, April 29 via Hulu, Hulu Plus and iTunes. Members of the iTunes store will be glad to know that the programs will be offerred for viewing via Apple's line of products including iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, Apple TV and Mac or PC.
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- janice
awesome….can't wait!
- http://www.facebook.com/meg.reddekopp Meg Reddekopp
I hope we can get hula in Canada
- Moneek77
Sorry we can't. Our ITunes don't carry it either .We are out of luck on this. Don't know why they didnt go for the international audience also.
- http://www.facebook.com/people/Troy-Lee-Turner/1645486197 Troy Lee Turner
hang tight-word is that there is an international deal still pending
- Moneek77
Sorry we can't. Our ITunes don't carry it either. I don't understand why they didn't go international with this.
- http://www.facebook.com/sally.slaunwhite Sally Slaunwhite
there are programs you can download to see it in canada….check into it and ask your friends….
- http://twitter.com/LisaCroner Lisa Marie
I want it back on TV!!
- http://www.facebook.com/simcoxdecker Darla Simcox Decker
I can't wait…so happy to have them back! Looking forward to seeing new cast also!!
- http://www.facebook.com/people/Charles-David-Haskell/1427183336 Charles David Haskell
I can't wait for April 29,2013 when All My Children and One Life To Life finally debut. Good luck to the future.
- http://www.facebook.com/teresa.dennett Teresa Dennett
I am so Happy both shows are back! Hopefully some day they will go back on tv!! Good luck to all the actors & Thank you for returning!! Love ya!!
- michele
oh my..tears….
- Magic Inside 2012
Everything I've read indicates Prospect Park is still negotiating for international viewing rights. I can't stop watching the trailer! It brought tears to my eyes that my AMC will soon be back!
- A. Kid
What about international viewers? please don't forget us!
- jen
Did anyone ever say they missed what life was like before indoor plumbing? ABC has taken a dangerous step toward becoming obsolete. Guess that makes them the outhouse of the entertainment industry. When the hulu late comers realize how great it is to watch what you want when you want it…..cable TV will be the next to go.
- http://www.facebook.com/ray.hoffman.372 Ray Hoffman
will never happen. I have an aunt that is 95. An Uncle that is 94. They do not have pc's, they know nothing about them and would never even attempt to watch tv by internet. Sad because they both were huge fans of amc and oltl. Many people elderely or that live in rural areas of country do not have service because they can't afford it, don't know internet nor even have cable or satelite. These people have roof top antenias or rabbitt ears for free tv channels.In most cases to have internet they would have to use a phone line landline service and you can not watch hulu this way. takes forever to even dial up a connection just for internet itself. Many soap fans come from these areas of the country, or are too old or too poor to pay for internet, much less hulu. Viewership will be far below the tv soaps. Even the actors with these shows had to take huge pay cuts. thats why the three actors that contracted to General Hospital will not leave GH and return to oltl for a long period. only for like four weeks of taping for olto, once those tapings end all three will return to GH as there oltl characters or as new characters if forced by prospect not to let abc, gh have the characters. The actors do not belong to prospect park, they only bought the characters, not the contract of actors.
- http://www.facebook.com/ray.hoffman.372 Ray Hoffman
as for me i was a oltl fan from day one as a kid. I can't even afford hulu services. I am disable and my check is not large enough to pay for more than internet service. I hope prospect park the best, and that these soaps somehow make it back to tv.
- Helena
Well first off, if it is someone's opinion that all people of that generation won't be able to use a computer or access this: My 93 year old grandmother had to teach all of us how to use Skype to talk to her. She started using it a year or two ago, since she lived in a rural area and most of us were scattered around between Maine, northern VT, and southeastern Arizona so getting there wasn't always easy. None of us had been able to get it to work on our computers, so she took the time with each person over the phone (and then initial skype sessions) to tell us how to do it. And she only got a computer that year she started with Skype. Most senior homes also have wifi and computer classes, as do libraries and local colleges – and much are free for seniors because a lot of it is for programs with connectivity (staying connected to keep from being depressed, lonely, etc.). Obviously everyone has a different learning curve.
As for the rural/dial-up issues:
The sad thing is, okay so there are still rural areas which only have dial-up and that generally is no longer cheaper than cable internet (when I still worked in the tech industry two years ago, people that were reluctant to switch from dial-up but realized few of the new computers came with a dial-up modem built in so they'd switch to those wi-fi cards from verizon, et al). Heck my aforementioned family members from Arizona live about 4 hours plus from any even small city let alone a big one and they have better cable internet than I had where I lived in Maine a few years back (who JUST switched from dial-up to DSL as I moved out of town. Then again they got rid of their phone switchboard thing and finally got 911 only about 9-10 years ago even though its only a couple hours from Portland. :-)). So it isn't always the rural areas that can't access it anyway.
TV is already changing, as evidenced by Verizon announcing you will now be able to pay-per-channel (a la carte), the fact that Netflix and Hulu now have internationally recognized programming with more shows set to premiere, and YouTube starting to go to pay channels with a majority of user-driven content becoming the new wave of popular culture. There are even web-based studios producing quality programming with not just the D-list, but the C-, B- and A-list actors (and other talent types as well). Like it or not, but even our TVs with their SmartTV capabilities (Heck, even our FRIDGES with their built in LCDs and WiFi) are in need of the internet (do you know how many people don't realize their DVD players or television sets need to have firmware and software upgrades performed on them as time goes by? And usually even right out of the box.). The demographic that the online networks are mainly going for, the key 18-35 year olds, they are turning more and more away from regular bloated cable packages and to a la carte connected programming. Same reason why Billboard can't discount YouTube rankings for music anymore – these sites are becoming the driving force of commerce and the entertainment industry.
TV viewing was already down because there were too many more channels yet much less quality programming. Too many alternatives, too much spread everywhere. Watching these things online will open it up to even more of an international audience once they get their international deals.
I too was wondering about their pay cuts, but considering the sweet production schedule they seem to have it looks like time off (as well as their location between home and the shoot – David Canary lives the next town over from me so it is great to see him back on AMC!) is worth more than the money itself.
OK I wrote way too much for someone who rarely posts on message boards. But I do just want to add.. I'm a 31 year old computer technician manager who gave it all up because I got so burned out by technology and how people misuse it that I switched careers entirely. I stopped using my LCD tvs because three burnt out and plopped my old tube TV back in my room, attached with a sad little coax cable as I attempt to watch the few shows I still watch. But I was named after an ABC soap character, and a (then) ABC soap actor bought my clothing as a child when we had a tag sale and sent me an autographed photo as a thank you which really stuck with me since then, plus I grew up watching all of this with my entire family…generations of family. So I'm going to get my little digital video converter box, hook up an s-video cable to it on one end and the rca wires on the other from my computer card, and you bet your sweet bippy I'm gonna watch AMC/OLTL on my tube TV. (But not with our 93 year old grandmother, because she is usually running around too much to sit down and watch any TV. :-))
- http://twitter.com/pjcim1960 PJ Cimorelli
I cant wait either. <3 just LOVE AMC, you ROCK!!
- mandi mandi
Omg yayyy
- http://www.facebook.com/sydney.baker.334 Sydney Baker
This is so exciting!! I can't wait until April 29th!!
- Marcie florance
Where is the trailer for AMC? I cannot find it anywhere? Thanks
- thatrightlinda
#1, You're a rude, snotty nosed little idiot. #2, she's NOT correct. Ray is. The vast majority of soap viewers are 58 years old and OLDER. Look it up on your beloved online service if you don't believe me. There are relatively few young viewers of soaps. In the last ratings report, GH had only 600,000 viewers aged 18-49 out of a total audience of 2.7 million. That's not enough young viewers to sustain the production of these soaps, which is why the networks have canceled them left and right. And guess what? Soaps have to make money to survive. Prospect Park and their investors won't keep shelling out money to produce these shows so you can watch them for FREE. Somewhere along the line they have to turn a profit. That's the nature of business. Get off your xBox and take an economics class. They'll HAVE to go to a PAY service eventually or get them back on that archaic television where advertising pays for the production of series. TV ain't going anywhere. The real future is this: after the first cycle of episodes, PP and their investors will realize that too many of their viewers are tech unsavvy, can't afford high speed internet, or just won't bother to go online and try to watch a soap every day. Then there's those coveted young viewers with the attention span of a potted plant who'll get bored when a gun isn't going off or a car crashing every 5 minutes, They'll click on a youtube link to dogs mating or some other stupid 30 second video that'll hold their immature interest. PP will stop production of AMC and OLTL in midstory and blame somebody else for the failure.
- thatrightlinda
#1, You're a rude, snotty nosed little idiot. #2, she's NOT correct. Ray is. The vast majority of soap viewers are 58 years old and OLDER. Look it up on your beloved online service if you don't believe me. There are relatively few young viewers of soaps. In the last ratings report, GH had only 600,000 viewers aged 18-49 out of a total audience of 2.7 million. That's not enough young viewers to sustain the production of these soaps, which is why the networks have canceled them left and right. And guess what? Soaps have to make money to survive. Prospect Park and their investors won't keep shelling out money to produce these shows so you can watch them for FREE. Somewhere along the line they have to turn a profit. That's the nature of business. Get off your xBox and take an economics class. They'll HAVE to go to a PAY service eventually or get them back on that "dinosaur" television where advertising pays for the production of series. Sorry, but TV ain't going anywhere. The real future is this: after the first cycle of episodes, PP and their investors will realize that too many people are tech unsavvy, can't afford high speed internet, or just won't bother to go online and try to watch a soap every day. Then there's those coveted young viewers with the attention span of a potted plant who'll get bored when a gun isn't going off or a car crashing every 5 minutes, They'll click on a youtube link to dogs mating or some other stupid 30 second video that'll hold their immature interest. PP will stop production of AMC and OLTL in midstory and blame somebody else for the failure.
- http://www.facebook.com/ethan.ralph Ethan Ralph
#1, There is no she. I'm a him. #2, You're an old decrepit imbecile who knows nothing about online entertainment or the way it works. Hulu is paying them right now, at this very moment. That's one reason they don't need subscribers. Hulu wants content, just like Netflix is doing with House of Cards and Arrested Development. And if this show gets 500,000 viewers per episode, then that's a massive win. Take 250,000 of the young people you deride, then add in 250,000 of the old people who aren't idiots like you, who actually know how to use the Internet, and there you have your 500,000. We're doing this. No one cares what you think, Linda. Although, if I was as old and stupid as you, I would probably be pretty bitter about life as well. So I forgive you.
- http://www.facebook.com/sugarcookie33890 Debbie Hearon
You are the idiot. Most people in there 50's know how to use a computer. I will be right there watching it every day. A lot of other viewers in their 40's,50's and 60's will be right there along with me. Also, the free version has tons of commercials during viewing so guess what they will still get there commercials in that people have to watch to view on the site. Look at Facebook.It has tons of ads on the side and on pages everywhere. There is a way to pay for this type of programming. They would have never started it if they did not think it had major potential. Also, they are working on bringing it into other countries. Bold and the Beautiful is viewed by more overseas audiences then any where. You do not know a true fan at all. We will go anywhere to have our favorites back. I will be there from day one. So, do not speak for everyone here. Sorry but you are wrong. The fans have been trying everything to get these soaps back and they will be there watching again and again.
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Bridal Bliss: As Good As It Gets view
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Photo Credit: Erik Umphery Photography
As an event planner, Shannon was super picky when it came to selecting the perfect venue...
As an event planner, Shannon was super picky when it came to selecting the perfect venue for their wedding day. "After looking at a few, we took a tour of The Peachtree Club and fell in love with the view," she says. "This was the only place Ian was enthusiastic about, so I knew if he was excited, it would be pretty great."
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Trending news, culture and entertainment for the Seattle area.
Playboy model sues after using her bum as a golf tee
A 28-year-old Playboy bunny is suing her former employer and a radio host after a charity golf tournament ended with a shocking bruise on her bum. In 2012, Elizabeth Dickson volunteered her posterior as a golf tee for radio host Kevin Klein. Unfortunately, Klein proved a poor golfer and accidentally smacked Dickson's right cheek with […] [Read More]
St. Patrick's Day prank turns Oklahoma waters green
Oklahoma City officials aren't laughing at these St. Patrick's Day stunts. Early Monday morning, security guards at the Myriad Botanical Gardens noticed the water had turned to a bright green color, Oklahoma City's KWTV-TV reports. Police surmised that pranksters had dumped green dye into a fountain which then spread through the park's waterways. It was […] [Read More]
Report: Florida woman sets car on fire outside McDonald's
Hell hath no fury like a woman deprived of her McFlurry, Orlando's WFTV-TV reports. Witnesses told the station that a woman set her male companion's car on fire outside a Jacksonville McDonald's restaurant on Sunday. The reason? They say it's because the man she was with refused to buy her a McFlurry. She grabbed the […] [Read More]
KTLA anchor 'ducks and covers' on live t.v. during quake
If you live in California you've had "duck and cover" drilled into your head since elementary school, so it's without surprise that KTLA anchor Chris Schauble brought his a-game Monday when a 4.4-magnitude quake was felt in the Los Angeles area… [Read More]
St. Patrick's Day by the numbers
Everyone knows that St. Patrick's Day is March 17. But there are lots of other numbers associated with the holiday, according to History.com. For example, did you know it takes 40 pounds of green dye to turn the Chicago River green for St. Patrick's Day? Here are some other St. Patrick's Day numbers: [Read More]
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The University of California at Davis is looking into something a lot of American drink every day [Read More]
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A trio of burglars faced true terror when they broke into a Boynton Beach home: A naked Florida man armed with a shovel. Julio Vartus told West Palm Beach's WPBF-TV he was just about ready to take a shower when he heard knocking at the door. When he went to go answer it, he noticed […] [Read More]


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I had stated I was looking for an announcement from WHZ-II on distributions for the 3rd quarter...except for the fact-I am about 1 month early. In and around Nov. 7th or 8th...I expect to see the announcement of the distribution for the 3rd quarter.
I expect well see something north of .80 cents to maybe about .80 to .85 cent-range.
Sentiment: Hold
The div will be poster tomorrow perhaps after the market closes. I think you are really close .80 plus. The next quarter will really reflect the huge amount of oil that been flowing out of the wells of late. 2014 looking good for this stock.
Based on historical div. announcements, I would say no earlier than Nov. 14th.
No, it will be by end of this week. Likely Friday after market close.
I think divvy .95 to 1.05 oil ave last 3 mths 103. bar
The WTI Spot average for the quarter was close to $100 a barrel.. As usual, the trust only got less than this, due to regional entrepreneurial .factors.
Next expected report date is 11/18/13. They seem to be running a bit late this quarter.
Oh...did you see that statement on the Trust's Website....or?


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GRANGER Canine Cancer Care is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping families dealing with sick pets.
The organization was founded in Michiana, in part by Dr. Amanda Cunningham, a former veterinarian in Granger. Dr. Cunningham was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer in 2012. The effects were debilitating, and meant she could no longer practice medicine, but the disease didn't stop her from making a difference.
The former vet is now focusing her efforts at the charity, which aims to accomplish three goals: raise awareness, educate families and provide funds for those who cannot afford cancer-related treatment.
"It's something not everybody can afford," said Dr. Cunningham. "Depending on what the pet needs, there's surgery, there's chemotherapy, there's radiation. Sometimes a pet with a certain type of cancer needs all of that, so that can easily get up to $10,000 or so."
The organization will raise what they are calling "Dodger Funds," through activity-based events, taking place nationwide. The first local event will be in Granger at Villa Macri in July. The funds will not be available until November, 2014, but people nationwide are encouraged to apply.
For more information about how to access Dodger Funds or to learn about Canine Cancer Care, click here for the website.


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(Updates with share price in second paragraph, arranging bank in third paragraph.)
Oct. 18 (Bloomberg) -- Temasek Holdings Pte sold S$650 million ($513 million) of bonds maturing in 2014 that are exchangeable into Standard Chartered Plc shares, Temasek said in a statement to the Singapore stock exchange.
Bondholders will be allowed to swap the zero-coupon securities into stock at a par value of $0.50 cents each, according to the release. The notes can be exchanged at a 27 percent premium over Standard Chartered's closing share price of 14.29 pounds ($22.57) on Oct. 17, and the offering is scheduled to close on Oct. 25, the statement said.
Temasek hired Bank of America Corp. to arrange the bond, and has an option to increase the size of the issue by S$150 million, according to the release. Temasek, Singapore's state- owned investment company, had an 18 percent holding in London- based Standard Chartered as of the end of the first quarter, according to Temasek's website.
Link to Statement: NSN LT8GGN3PR6RK <GO>
--Editor: Beth Thomas
To contact the reporters on this story: Sean Collins in Singapore at firstname.lastname@example.com; Tanya Angerer in Singapore at email@example.com
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1/2 Photos of Amazing Chocolate-Chip Cookie Bars
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These are my favorite bars that I discovered at my last family reunion.
Serves: 20
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Serving Size: 1 (54 g)
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