text:
$1750 / 900ft² - PRIVATE PRACTICE/OFFICE SPACE AVAILABLE NOW!
Newly renovated office space available for rent. 2nd floor, with an adjacent parking lot. Equipped with a mini kitchen (fridge, microwave, counter space) and bathrooms. Located in the heart of town; walking distance from restaurants, shops, etc. Ideal space for private ...
Oct 30 -
Pound Ridge
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Newly renovated, first floor space available for rent. Located conveniently in the middle of town. Brightly lit with natural light, equipped with a mini kitchen and two bathrooms. Has two large display windows, one facing the main road at intersection - great spot if you're ...
P/T Psychotherapy Office (Ardsley, Westchester, NY)
Nicely furnished, light filled psychotherapy office with private waiting room in professional office building with handicap access, elevator and free parking. Close to Saw Mill River Parkway, NYS Thruway or #5 bus.
Available Saturday & Sunday.
Oct 13 -
-Terrific Opportunity
5 Bays, 2 Lifts, Paint Bay. Previously Auto Body shop.
500 Sq. Feet, loft area, 2 driveways, 3 properties.
Contact Ellen Vincent,(203)313-8862, William Raveis Real Estate Insurance & Mortgage Svcs.
Oct 12 -
Sandy Hook Diner
The famous Sandy Hook Diner. Voted best neighborhood diner by CT Magazine. Business established in 1935. Terrific location in downtown Sandy Hook with plenty of parking. Business only for sale, not the real estate. Lease has also included small apt. next door.
Downtown, ...
Oct 12 -
Sandy Hook
Rare opportunity to rent ground floor clean space in a historic building. Perfect for start-ups, artists, professionals or any business looking for a cozy location.Walk to local shops, restaurants, Metro-North and Bee Bus lines. Just 35 minutes from NYC!
For additional ...
Oct 9 -
Great Furnished Offices Located at Exit 35 of the Merritt Parkway!
American Business Centers offers flexible short and long term office solutions. We offer affordable, but quality work environments for every business model. With the latest telecommunications, high speed internet access and over 25 years in the business we know how to keep ...
Oct 1 -
Commercial space has 2 bathrooms, in good condition and can be use as a church, Deli , office , Day Care, Check Cashing or Beauty Salon. Located on busy Linden Boulevard.
Nov 28 -
New York City :
Saint Albans
Fully Inventory on first floor
Basement well stocked
8 Cameras
15 Year lease in force
Please contact Maggie (text or call) for information 347.731.0563
Nov 27 -
New York City :
]Jamaica - G R E A T L O C A T I O N! Office For Rent By OWNER!!!!
Located In Prime Jamaica Ave Location.
Open Concept Office For Rent By OWNER!
Open Space with 1 Half Bath & Kitchenette .
EVERYTHING IS INCLUDED (i.e Including the utilities ...
Nov 27 -
New York City :
Located In Prime Jamaica Ave Location.
Open Concept Office For Rent By OWNER!
Open Space with 1 Half Bath & Kitchenette .
EVERYTHING IS INCLUDED (i.e Including the utilities)
(No Brokers/ Agents Please)
Office has an alarm and private toilet It has just been renovated. Call 973 763 7007 and speak with Angelo for further information. Rent is $550 per month and includes heat and air. No other charges.
Nov 26 -
Newark :
Cornerstone Real Estate Management & Corp.
5019 Avenue N
Brooklyn NY 11234
Nov 26 -
New York City :
American Office Centers
40 Baldwin Rd
Parsippany, NJ 07054
Morris County
Furnished Executive Office Suites Available Today!
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Nov 26 -
Newark :
Local x Rent near 104street and near Roosvelt avenue. First floor available now if you interested please call
Real Estate Office
917 770 6017
Fee paid by Renter
Nov 24 -
New York City :
Banquet hall accommodates 150 people. Kitchen and bar available upon request. Celebrate Weddings, graduations and birthday.
American- Hungarian Citizens League
21 New Schley St
Garfield NJ. 07026
(973) 772-9654
If there is no immediate answer, please leave message with ...
Nov 23 -
Newark :
Was Operating As A Gym,Can Be Office Or Retail Space,Large Parking Lot,Near Village Of Glen Head And Train.Heat Is Included In Rent No Food
For additional information, reply to this ad or see:
vFlyer ID: 288184002
Nov 22 -
New York City :
Glen Head
Nice 3rd floor office space is available now on Ave. J in Brooklyn. Broker fee. Call Joseph today at 347-545-2089 for details and to view.
Nov 21 -
New York City :
New York
Newly renovated 3rd floor office in Brooklyn includes the use of a beautiful lobby area! Broker fee. Call Joseph today at 347-545-2089 for details and to view.
East 53 Street Brooklyn office is located on the ground floor. Broker fee. Call Joseph today for details and to view.
This commercial building has the space for whatever you need to do. Includes almost 18,000 sq ft when all is in use. Great opportunity for a contractor, antique dealer, or someone looking to start a flea market. Perfect for an artist looking to teach classes or for a studio ...
Nov 21 -
Hudson Valley :
Excellent exposure and top location. Close proximity to William Paterson University and public transportation. Situated in the heart of Haledon business district. Ramp accessible. Front and rear entrances. Best suited for retail or professional office/service type business. ...
Nov 20 -
Newark :
Fantastic Storefront Rental In the heart of town. 1475 sq. ft. with floor to ceiling glass frontage. Hardwood floors 1.5 bath, plus washer/dryer hook up. Excellent exposures at a T intersection, one of the busiest intersections in Town. Municipal Parking, See it Today. It ...
Nov 20 -
New York City :
Port Washington
Newly renovated fully equipped Pizzeria available for lease on Broadway in Bayonne NJ. Turnkey. Excellent opportunity. Call 201-658-7864
Nov 20 -
Newark :


text:
O.S. Systems, Inc., B-292827, November 17, 2003
B-292827: Nov 17, 2003
Additional Materials:
(202) 512-2853
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
The time set for receipt of proposals was 2 p.m. No other directions pertaining to proposal delivery were included in the RFP. The RFP stated that "offers are responsible for submitting offers. A local delivery company was to hand-carry the proposal to the designated address. That the building HQ USSOCOM is not listed on that map. Discovered that the address was located in a restricted area on the base. With keypad access only. /1/ The time was approximately 1:47 p.m. Which was in a trailer behind one of the buildings. Which was at the same address initially designated for the submission of proposals located in an unsecured area at MacDill AFB. O.S. essentially contends that the sole causes of the late delivery of the proposal were the lack of clear instructions in the RFP concerning the hand-delivery of proposals.
Nov 25, 2014
- MetalCraft Marine Inc.B-410199,B-410199.2
- Quality Services International, LLCB-410156,B-410156.2,B-410156.3
- American Auto Logistics LPB-409207
Nov 24, 2014
- Pate Construction Co., Inc.B-410211
Nov 21, 2014
- Dellew CorporationB-410216
Nov 19, 2014
- United Capital Investments GroupB-410284
Nov 18, 2014
- Premiums & Specialties, Inc.B-410247
Looking for more? Browse all our products here

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You can buy your very own CD of Poco Drom animals songs from http://pocodrom.bandcamp.com for only £7. Get them now in time for Chr…….no it's still too early for that ;)
Paul Fryer writes and performs music for children.
His website is pocodrom.com
Tweet him at @pocodrom
Facebook worldofpocodrom
Or check out pocodrom.bandcamp.com for songs about badgers!!!!


text:
Science in Vegas! What are the odds?
April 24 - May 2
This week-long festival offers something for everyone - families, adults, school groups, and kids - and it's free!
9 days of science fun for everyone!
Thank you to everyone who made the 2014
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37,000 people across Southern Nevada.
We're gearing up for our fifth year and it's going to be BIGGER and BETTER! Please check back for more information soon.
Stay informed and keep in touch by becoming a fan on our Facebook Page and following us on Twitter.


text:
The present invention relates to a fabrication process relating to a fabrication process for manufacture of micro-electromechanical (MEM) devices such as cantilever supported beams. This fabrication process requires only two lithographic masking steps and offers moveable electromechanical devices with high electrical isolation. A preferred embodiment of the process uses electrically insulating glass substrate as the carrier substrate and single crystal silicon as the MEM component material. The process further includes deposition of an optional layer of insulating material such as silicon dioxide on top of a layer of doped silicon grown on a silicon substrate. The silicon dioxide is epoxy bonded to the glass substrate to create a silicon-silicon dioxide-epoxy-glass structure. The silicon is patterned using anisotropic plasma dry etching techniques. A second patterning then follows to pattern the silicon dioxide layer and an oxygen plasma etch is performed to undercut the epoxy film and to release the silicon MEM component. This two-mask process provides single crystal silicon MEMs with electrically isolated MEM component. Retaining silicon dioxide insulating material in selected areas mechanically supports the MEM component.
1. A microelectromechanical (MEM) device comprising:
a) a first substrate defining an upper surface that extends along a plane defined by a lateral direction and a longitudinal direction;
b) a second substrate including:
i. first and second longitudinal outer members disposed at opposing longitudinal outer ends of the second substrate and permanently connected to the upper surface of the first substrate; and
ii. a central member connected between the first and second longitudinal outer members, wherein the central member has first and second lateral edges that define a thickness of the central member, the central member defining a void disposed between at least a portion of the central member and the upper surface of the first substrate, wherein the void is continuous between the first and second lateral outer edges of the central member.
2. The MEM device as recited in
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This is a division of application Ser. No. 09/075,008, filed May 8, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,385.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to micro electromechanical (MEM) systems and, more particularly, to fabrication of MEM components with a high electrically isolated substrate.
2. Description of Related Art
Micro electromechanical (MEM) components are being progressively introduced into many electronic circuit applications and a variety of micro-sensor applications. Examples of MEM components are radio frequency (RF) switches, high Q capacitors, pressure transducers and accelerometers. One such MEM component, a MEM switch, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,976 which issued to Rockwell International Corporation the assignee of the present application. This MEM switch is fabricated on a GaAs substrate with a cantilevered switch arm formed from silicon dioxide deposited upon a sacrificial layer. Contacts and electrodes are readily formed through deposition of gold and aluminum, respectively.
Another prior art method for creating cantilever beams required a deep anisotrophic etch into a silicon substrate and application of either a silicon nitride or oxide layer to coat the top and side walls of the exposed cut. An isotrophic etch of the silicon substrate undercuts and frees the MEM component. Unfortunately, this method is not readily adaptable for applications where non-conductive, high resistance substrates such as glass are desired for high isolation applications.
Another method, often referred to as a surface micro machining, uses a sacrificial layer such as silicon dioxide deposited on a silicon substrate. MEM component material, poly-silicon, by way of example, is then deposited, patterned and released. The poly-silicon layer is etched by a reactive ion etch to expose the sacrificial silicon dioxide layer. The sacrificial layer is then etched, usually with an acid (hydrofluoric acid), to release the MEM component. However, MEM components created from poly-silicon have limited mechanical strength and exhibit relatively poor electrical isolation. Further, production yields are poor using this method since the wet hydrofluoric etch often results in the MEM component sticking to the substrate rather than being suspended.
If a high electrical isolation is required, fabrication of MEM components on a glass substrate generally required either ionic (application of high voltage) or fusion (high temperature) bonding techniques to create MEM components. Both of these bonding techniques are poorly suited for use when semiconductor devices are present on the same substrate. Specifically, with ionic bonding the high voltage may damage sensitive electrical components while the high processing temperature associated with both ionic and fusion bonding may cause junctions depths to change affecting device performance and reliability. It is also known that such bonding techniques require very smooth surface to surface contact to ensure a good bond. If the surfaces do not mate within acceptable tolerances, the reaction or inter-diffusion process will result in a defective bond. Further, these bonding techniques are sensitive to surface contamination or irregularities which may result in bond failure sites or a decrease in production yields.
In another prior art method, a glass substrate is bonded to a silicon dioxide layer using ionic or fusion bonding techniques. Prior to bonding, the silicon dioxide layer is deposited on top of a silicon wafer so that the bonding process forms a glass-silicon dioxide-silicon composite structure. The silicon is patterned and wet etched to define the MEM component.
As mentioned above, ionic or fusion bonding require a high process temperature which are in the range of about 450� C. to 500� C. Further, the glass substrate must be conductive to facilitate bonding with the silicon dioxide. Such conductivity precludes achieving high electrical isolation in the final MEM system. Further still, with the wet etch used to release the MEM component, the structure often sticks to the substrate rather than remaining free standing.
The present invention provides a method that uses adhesive bonding to form a MEM component on top of a glass substrate so that the MEM component is electrically isolated from the substrates. Further, the present process uses a dry etch to release the MEM component. Thus, whatever the merits of the above described prior art methods, they do not achieve the benefits of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a fabrication process for manufacture of micro electromechanical (MEM) systems having components, such as cantilever supported beams, spaced above the substrate. This fabrication process uses as few as two lithographic masking steps depending on the complexity of the device and provides MEM components that are electrically isolated from the substrate.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, a composite silicon-film-glass substrate structure is formed. The silicon layer is processed by either polishing, grinding or etching to obtain the desired thickness, patterned to define the MEM component and etched to expose the film layer. The film layer is a sacrificial layer that is then patterned and dry etched to release the MEM component.
In other embodiment of the present invention, the process comprises the steps of growing a layer of doped silicon on a silicon wafer or substrate and depositing a layer of insulating material such as silicon dioxide on the doped silicon. This embodiment includes the use of a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. The silicon substrate is adhesive bonded to a glass substrate to create a composite silicon-silicon dioxide-silicon-adhesive-glass structure. The silicon is patterned and etched using anisotropic plasma dry etching techniques. A second patterning then follows to pattern the silicon dioxide layer and an oxygen plasma etch is performed to undercut the adhesive film and to release the doped silicon MEM component. This two-mask process provides single crystal silicon MEM component that is electrically isolated from the glass substrate but mechanically joined thereto.
The adhesive serves a dual role as a bonding agent and as a sacrificial layer that can be readily removed to release the MEM component in an effective and efficient manner. Specifically, the dry oxygen plasma etch undercuts the adhesive without causing the MEM component to stick to adjacent surfaces�a common problem with wet chemical releases. In addition the oxygen plasma is a benign process with respect to the other material of the composite structure.
In accordance with the present invention, fabrication of very small cantilever supported beams, switches or other micro electromechanical structures are readily incorporated with other circuit functions on an integrated circuit device. The present invention is particularly well suited for manufacture of long narrow freestanding beams parallel to the substrate that can move in response to pressure, electromagnetic, mechanical or other such stimuli.
Also, the surfaces of the substrates need not be perfectly smooth since the adhesive layer eliminates the need to use fusion or ionic bonding techniques to form the composite structure. Indeed, preexisting diffusions or surface irregularities may be present in the substrates with little or no impact on yield or the integrity of the composite structure. This provides very flexible design options since electrical components may be positioned in close proximity to the MEM component.
These and other advantages of the present invention not specifically described above will become clear within the detailed discussion herein.
FIG. 1 is a sectioned view of the first and second substrates which, when combined, will form a composite structure in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectioned view of the substrates, shown in FIG. 1, adhesively bonded to form one embodiment of a composite structure.
FIG. 3 is a sectioned view of the composite structure of FIG. 2 illustrating a partial etching to define a micro electromechanical (MEM) component in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectioned view of the composite structure of FIG. 2 illustrating the release of the MEM component in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates, in a general manner, a MEM component manufactured on a glass substrate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectioned view of another embodiment of a composite structure formed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows another alternative embodiment of a composite structure 700 from which a MEM component may be readily obtained.
In the following description of the preferred embodiment, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration a specific embodiment in which the invention may be practiced. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a through understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques are not shown or discussed in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention. Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to FIG. 1, process 100 comprises a plurality of steps performed on two principal wafer-like elements: a glass substrate 102 shown with an organic adhesive layer 104 applied to one surface and a sacrificial semiconductor substrate 106. The two substrates are each individually processed, combined to form a composite structure and then further processed to define a micro electromechanical (MEM) component.
MEM components are miniaturized freestanding structures spaced above but physically connected to substrate 102 and electrically coupled to other circuit elements on substrate 102. Examples of typical MEM components may include cantilever supported switches, diaphragms for pressure sensing applications or suspended beams supported at each end but otherwise physically spaced from the substrate.
Substrate 102 preferably comprises an electrically insulating glass material such quartz, sodium silicate Na2O�SiO2 or borosilicate B2O3�SiO2. One preferred substrate uses a high silica glass substrate marketed under the tradename of Vycor, available from Corning Incorporated of Coming, N.Y. Alternatively, in applications where it is desired to utilize substrate 102 as a conducting element, a semiconductor material may be used. An organic adhesive layer 104 is spun onto substrate 102. Spin coating would provide the most practical method for application of the organic adhesive. However, other coating methods such as spray coating, or staged partially-cured thin films, which are applied to the wafer, by way of example, may be used to deposit organic adhesive layer with substantially uniform thickness.
Carrier substrate 106 is either a p-type or n-type silicon wafer such as is commonly used in semiconductor processing; the orientation and conductivity of the wafer will, of course, depend on the specific application. Using known semiconductor processing techniques, a silicon layer 108 is grown on carrier substrate 106. Layer 108 may be doped with boron, germanium or other known dopants to impart an etch stop and semiconductor properties. Using semiconductor device manufacturing techniques, electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors or interconnects may be readily formed. An optional silicon dioxide layer 110 is grown on top of silicon layer 108 and an organic adhesive layer 112 is spun on top. The silicon dioxide layer may be eliminated if the rigidity of the MEM component is not critical. Further, either adhesive layer 104 or 112 may omitted from the process since only one layer may be necessary in some applications.
The term organic adhesive refers to thermal setting plastics in which a chemical reaction occurs. The chemical reaction increases cross-linking of the polymer to increase rigidity as well as creating a chemical bond with the surfaces being mated.
While epoxy is the most versatile type of organic adhesive for the present invention, other potential adhesives include polyimide, silicones, acrylics, polyurethanes, polybenzimidazoles and polyquinoralines. Other types of organic adhesives such as thermal plastics, which require heating above their melting point like wax, would not be of value for this application. The selection of the adhesive would depend in large part on the polymer's thermal characteristics and particularly its glass transition temperature. Other selection criteria include economics, adhesive strength on different substrates, cure shrinkage, environmental compatibility and coefficient of thermal expansion.
The glass transition temperature is the temperature at which chemical bonds can freely rotate around the central polymer chain. As a result, below the glass transition temperature, the polymer, when cured, is a rigid glass-like material. Above the glass transition, however, the polymer is a softer elastomeric material. Further at the glass transition temperature, there is a substantial increase in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Accordingly, when the glass transition temperature is exceeded, there is an increase in the CTE and there is a relief of stress in the polymer layer.
Substrates 102 and 106 may be treated to improve the adhesion of the epoxy. Common treatments include plasma or surface etch treatments. The use of a coupling agent or adhesion promoter such as 3-glycidoxy-propyl-trimethoxy-silane (available from Dow Corning as Z-6040) or other agents having long hydrocarbon chains to which the epoxy may adhere may be used to improve coating consistency. Wetting agents may be used to improve coating uniformity. However, in most cases, the coupling agent may serve dual purposes of surface wetting and surface modification. With the use of organic material, surface finish is not overly critical and the surface need not be smooth. Surface structures such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, transistors or conductors may advantageously be added to the surface areas of substrates 102 and 106.
Substrates 102 and 106 are then positioned in a vacuum chamber (not shown) with opposing adhesive layers 104 and 112. The chamber is evacuated to remove air that could be trapped between the substrates during the mating process. Once a vacuum is achieved, the substrates are aligned and physically joined together to form a composite structure with a single bead of epoxy. Advantageously, backside alignment marks may be optically referenced to facilitate the alignment.
Composite structure 200 is shown more clearly in FIG. 2. The organic adhesive layers 104 and 112 combine to form a single adhesive layer 202 to bond the composite structure. The adhesive is cured by baking composite structure 200 for a sequence of oven bakes at elevated temperatures of up to 180� C. to reduce cure shrinkage. The recommended cure temperatures depend on the type of epoxy used. Preferably, once cured, the epoxy is able to withstand elevated temperatures typically associated with many semiconductor processing steps (that is, a temperature up to 250� C.) without additional shrinkage or substantial degradation.
Further, the adhesive should have a limited amount of cure shrinkage so as to minimize the possibility of inducing cracking or stress fractures in composite structure 200. The phrase �cure shrinkage� refers to a change in volume of a thermosetting adhesive during the cure cycle due to the reaction, generally an out-gassing product or rearrangement of the polymer itself. Cure shrinkage can cause considerable pressure to develop along the length of the bond during processing.
An additional component closely associated with cure shrinkage is the adhesive's CTE at the cure temperature and at the operating temperature. Generally, organic adhesives will have a higher CTE than any other material present in the MEM component. This means that the adhesive will expand at a higher rate than will other material as the ambient temperature increases. Although an inorganic filler material may be added to the adhesive to reduce the CTE such fillers are not recommended in this application since such inorganic filler material cannot be etched using oxygen plasma during the structural releasing step.
Substrate 102 may also be selected for a desired CTE. The substrate in one preferred embodiment has a CTE that is substantially similar to but less than that of silicon so that the resulting MEM component will be slightly stretched (or in tension). In this manner, smaller structures will retain some degree of elasticity and will be less susceptible to developing a bow or collapsing upon release of the MEM component. It will be appreciated that if the CTE of substrate 102 is greater than that of silicon, the MEM component will be in compression upon release. Larger beams may be capable of retaining the structural integrity in compression after all process steps are complete. Use of glass substrate 102 was selected in the described embodiment primarily to achieve high electrical isolation. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the process steps of the present invention may be applied to selected substrates other than the above described glass substrate due the versatility of the bonding and sacrificial layer.
Due to the number of material types present in the composite structure 200, thermal processing and the mismatching of thermal coefficients may impart shear fractures or stress cracks in one or both substrates or in the various layers. The CTE in the bond line of the MEM component will depend upon the polymer used, its curing agent, and the thermal cycle used to cure the polymer. When the processing and operating temperatures are maintained so that the polymer is not exposed to temperatures exceeding the glass transition temperature, the polymer is a rigid glass-like material and the CTE is minimized. If the glass transition temperature is exceeded, however, there will be an increase in the CTE, which may result in a relief of stress in the polymer layer. Any such stress relief after composite structure 200 is formed may deform composite structure 200. Since flexible or elastomeric polymers will have a high CTE, a thin bond line is desirable to minimize structural damage in the event the glass transition temperature is inadvertently exceeded. In one preferred embodiment, the bond line has a thickness of about five (5) to seven (7) microns.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the next step is to remove substrate 106 and expose silicon layer 108. Substrate 106 is removed using a backside chemical etch. A mechanical grinding or polishing step may proceed the chemical etch to reduce the amount of silicon etching required or to reduce the selectivity needed in the etch stop. Since substrate 106 primarily functions as a sacrificial carrier for silicon layer 108, there is no need to preserve substrate 106 in the region of the MEM component so as to facilitate subsequent processing of silicon layer 108. Alternatively, if a specific application required thick or rigid beams, one skilled in the art will appreciate that substrate 106 could be patterned and selectively etched for use as beam material or retained in adjacent areas as a substrate for integrated circuit devices.
As shown in FIG. 3, an optional layer of aluminum 116 is deposited onto the exposed surface of silicon layer 108. Aluminum 116 is patterned with a first mask to form conducting areas and to expose selected portions of silicon layer 108. The aluminum is either lifted off of etched using an aluminum-specific chemical agent. An oxide or nitride cap 115 may be applied on top of the aluminum layer 116 to form a protective barrier.
With silicon layer 108 exposed through the aluminum 116, an anisotropic etch defines the structural dimensions of the MEM component. This etch stops upon reaching the silicon dioxide layer 110.
A second mask is applied to pattern the insulating silicon dioxide layer 110 and then etched. It is important to note that due to its insulating properties, portions of silicon dioxide layer 110 may be retained to mechanically support selective areas of the MEM component while maintaining electrical isolation. Specifically as shown in FIG. 5, holes 150 may be etched into silicon dioxide layer 110 to facilitate etching adhesive layer 120.
Referring now to FIG. 4, adhesive layer 120 is etched in a final process step to release the MEM component. In the preferred embodiment, dry oxygen (O2) plasma etch undercuts adhesive layer 120. Since this plasma etch is a dry release, manufacturing yields are improved relative to wet etching. Specifically, as one familiar with semiconductor technology will appreciate, wet etching may lower production yields as water molecules get trapped under the released MEM components causing the MEM component to stick to substrate 102.
Upon MEM component release, stress forces along the bond line will be substantially released. Further, any pressure generated by shrinkage of the organic adhesive during cure will be significantly reduced after processing by dicing the wafers into discrete devices resulting in mechanically stable devices.
Another embodiment of a composite structure formed in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 6. Structure 600 comprises a first and second substrate 106 and 102. Specifically, substrate 102 is preferably a glass substrate that exhibits high electrical isolation while substrate 106 is a semiconductor substrate. Substrate 106 may be either p or n-type and may be selectively doped to impart conductive or semiconductor properties. Substrates 102 and 106 are joined together by an adhesive film 602.
If preferred, substrate 106 may be ground and polished to a desired thickness, patterned to define a MEM component and etched to expose the adhesive film 602. The film is then patterned and dry etched to release the MEM component. As will be understood, substrates 102 and 106 may further include conductive elements such as switch contacts or electrodes (not shown).
FIG. 7 shows another alternative embodiment of a composite structure 700 from which a MEM component may be readily obtained. Silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate 702 has a buried layer of silicon dioxide layer 704 that acts as an etch stop. The buried silicon dioxide layer can be formed by several commercially available techniques, including implanting oxygen (O2), deep into substrate 702. The silicon-oxide-silicon (which may be either doped to impart semiconductor properties or undoped) is adhesively bonded to substrate 706 to form a composite structure. In the preferred embodiment, substrate 706 is a glass substrate. Using the techniques described above, the MEM component is defined and released by the two-mask patterning and etching process.
Referring again to FIG. 5, a topological view of an integrated circuit comprising a MEM component is shown. This circuit is an exemplary view of one type of MEM component that may be created using the process of the present invention. Beams 152 of about one micrometer wide and several millimeters in length are constructed using the above-described process. The thickness of these beams may range from about 20-30 micrometers up to about 100 micrometer. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described dimensions may be readily changed depending on the specific application. Support beams 154 may add rigidity to selected ones of beams 152.
With the present invention a very high aspect ratio may be achieved for the MEM component. By way of example, very narrow, deep MEM sensors are obtained using the above described process steps. Thus this type of sensor will have high capacitance value that is easy to detect. Advantageously, sensor interface may be achieved by electrically bonding to pads 156.
The process of the present invention is independent of the substrate material. Since epoxy or organic adhesives, in general, readily bond a wide variety of substrates, substrates may be selected depending on the specific application in which the MEM component will interface. The low temperature bonding readily enables the use of gallium arsenide, silicon or other material on a glass substrate. Further, the process is readily applied to applications where silicon or gallium arsenide substrates are desired instead of a glass substrate.
It will be appreciated that it is also very desirable in many applications to position electronic circuits in close proximity to the MEM component. With the present invention, transistors or other circuit elements may be fabricated directly on the silicon, prior to creating the composite structure of FIG. 2. Further, with the present invention, structures can be formed on both sides of the beam. By way of example, aluminum can be deposited between the silicon dioxide and the silicon layers (see FIG. 1) to create a very conductive structure. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the low process temperatures employed to create the composite structure, to define or to release the MEM components has minimal impact on junction depths or circuit device parameters.
While certain exemplary preferred embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention. Further, it is to be understood that this invention shall not be limited to the specific construction and arrangements shown and described since various modifications or changes may occur to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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With a new cast, a new enemy and a whole lot of the massive explosions audiences love, Transformers: Age Of Extinction is poised to be one of the Summer''s... MORE


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Dr. Casey J. Henich, MD
Family Medicine, Granger Medical Clinic
West Valley City, UT 84120
- 1 Office Location
- (801) 965-3600
Dr. Casey J. Henich has been practicing medicine for 6 years. Dr. Henich graduated from the Ross Univ, Sch of Med, Roseau, Dominica in 2008. He practices medicine in West Valley City, UT and specializes in Family Medicine. Dr. Henich is affiliated with Pioneer Valley Hospital, Alta View Hospital, Jordan Valley Medical Center and Intermountain Medical Center. He speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 6 Years
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Medical School: Ross Univ, Sch of Med, Roseau, Dominica
Graduation Date: 2008
Hospital Affiliations: Pioneer Valley Hospital, Alta View Hospital, Jordan Valley Medical Center, Intermountain Medical Center
Specialties: Family Medicine


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What's the fate of North Park Theatre, with their filing Chapter 11 BK? Watch and see what happens in Act II (after intermission).
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Ubuntu 9.04 Server Certified on HP ProLiant G6Jun 18, 2009
Hewlett-Packard and the Canonical Linux firm have announced certification of the Ubuntu 9.04 Server Edition on HP's ProLiant G6 server family.more »
Data Center Intro Smart tools for the cloud and rackJun 01, 2009
The server space is changing, bringing new opportunities for the agile admin. If you plan on taking up residence in the new data center, you'd better get your toolkit ready. This month we explore tools and techniques for data center and server room environments.more »
Multithreaded Mail Carrier: Postfix 2.6.0May 19, 2009
Mail transfer agent (MTA) Postfix is now available in version 2.6.0. Managing multiple Postfix instances on a single host is now possible for the first time.more »
Samba4Wins Replicating WINS servers on Linux with Samba4WinsMay 01, 2009
Samba4Wins lets you set up a WINS server for NetBIOS name resolution in Linux.more »
EBox Server in 1.0Apr 15, 2009
The eBox project integrates web server, proxy, DNS, LDAP, Postfix, OpenSSL, load balancing and more in their server, which should provide small and medium size businesses comprehensive network infrastructures, and is now available in version 1.0.more »
Rackable Systems to Acquire Bankrupt SGIApr 02, 2009
Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI), the Californian based server manufacturer, has filed for bankruptcy protection and agreed to sell its assets to Rackable Systems Inc.more »
Dnsmasq Small scale DNS and DHCP with DnsmasqApr 01, 2009
Dnsmasq is a practical alternative for DNS on a small scale.more »
Server Name Indication Supporting virtual servers with Server Name IndicationMar 29, 2009
Server Name Indication lets you operate more than one SSL-protected service per IP address.more »
Issue 170/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
TOR Network Isn't So Anonymous
A new study says it is possible to unmask 81% of TOR users.
.NET Goes Open Source
Redmond joins the revolution by turning the .NET Core Runtime into a GitHub project.
Drupal Advisory Unleashes a Torrent of Attacks
Users only had 7 hours to update before the intrusions started.
HTML5 Gets Promoted to a Standard
It's official: The new web arrives
Linus Addresses Criticism for Harsh Language
Kernel king admits his tone has alienated volunteers, but says the demands of the process require directness.
New SSL Attack Lets a Malicious Listener Steal Session Cookies
New flaw in an old encryption scheme leaves the experts scrambling to disable SSL 3
Leading Open Source Coder Rants about Rants
Lennart Poettering wants to change the way Linux developers talk to each other.
HP Splits into Two Companies
Enterprise giant frees itself from ink and home PCs (and visa versa).
Mozilla Labs Shuts Down
Mozilla's product think tank sinks silently into history.
Internet Giants Launch Collaboration to Improve Open Source
TODO group will focus on open source tools in large-scale environments.


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With the recent heavy rains and subsequent flooding in our area, be on the lookout for an increase in mosquitoes. Mosquitoes require still water ponds or pools to lay their eggs and develop. A female will lay eggs every third night of her life span of several weeks. Females lay their eggs into water making a small "egg raft" of 100 to 300 eggs that will hatch into larvae that feed on the microorganisms in the water. The second stage is a non-feeding pupa from which the adult then develops. This can take from 7-10 days for the cycle to ...
New, prospective, wheat varieties were discussed at the Kansas Seed Industry Conference last week as farmers prepare to begin planting. The annual meeting allowed industry leaders to determine the availability of certified seed and discuss the varieties producers anticipate using in the future.
First, let's take a quick look at the area's drought status. Please remember, this is only through August 6 and doesn't include rain after that. Believe it or not none of the area moved totally out of drought status, however, only the SE quarter is rated as severe drought. No part of Barton is any longer in the extreme category. The rest of the county, except, the NE corner is rated as moderate drought. The NE corner is now simply considered abnormally dry. With the added rains since the 6th and the relatively moderate temperatures, further easing ...
The issue of safe, healthy food is in the news once again. While the majority of this nation's food is healthy and safe to eat, food remains deeply entrenched in family values.
When I was a young child, I used to be in amazement on how my uncle or mother were able to go out to the garden and pick the best melon for dessert out of all of the fruit growing. What was the secret that they alone knew to go out amongst what at that time I felt was hundreds of melons (I bet there were no more than 15 or 20) and pick the one that would be perfect at the time when we would eat it. Well, now that I am older, I am better about which melon ...
In June of this year, a 37-year-old Stanton County farmer died inside a grain cart while preparing for wheat harvest. A tarp (containing a metal rod) in the grain cart blew up and touched an over-head power line electrocuting him.
The American Royal Association and Kansas State University Olathe are looking for the best-tasting steak and are inviting beef producers from across the nation to submit rib-eye steaks for the competition.
The U.S. grain marketing system is unmatched and transparent. Yet it can be complicated. This is why U.S. Wheat Associates (USW) maintains 17 offices strategically located around the world to pave the way for U.S. export growth.
WASHINGTON, DC – U.S. Senator Pat Roberts, a senior member of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, late Thursday night was selected to serve on the conference committee tasked with ironing out the differences in the Senate and House passed Farm Bills.
Hundred degree days coupled with 30-40 mile-per-hour winds and little moisture spells crop and pastureland failure for western Kansas. It's like putting the corn and grass in a giant outdoor oven and turning a fan on.
The Beef Cattle Institute at Kansas State University and the Kansas Beef Council are partnering to host seven advanced beef cattle care and health training sessions throughout Kansas during August and September. The beef checkoff-funded sessions will provide beef producers and veterinarians with up-to-date standards and technologies to improve animal welfare and food safety. The training sessions will be led by Dan Thomson, DVM, PhD; Chris Reinhardt, PhD; and Dave Rethorst, DVM; all of the Beef Cattle Institute.
With the recent hot weather, more trees in the region are starting to once again show signs of drought stress. Branches are losing their leaves, many trees are showing exit holes from recent borer attacks, and still many more are just dying outright and needing to be removed. All of these signs of tree sickness and mortality are a cumulating of the past several years of hot temperatures, very little rain, and high, hot winds adding to the drying out process. The ground just finally ran out of water, and what resources the trees had to help them through these ...
Summer school might not be everyone's idea of a good time, but for Kansas teachers, it is opening up their eyes to a new world of wonder -- soybeans.
August will be here shortly and even though the drought persists, conditions are much better than a year ago at this time. The final grade on this year's summer crops comes will be yield and quality. But as everyone in school knows, mid-term grades give you an idea of where you are at. With that in mind, what are the mid-term grades for this year's summer crops?
Seems like not a day goes by without a media story on our country's food supply. Some folks have concluded that the best plate may be an empty plate. How else are they going to avoid killer popcorn, monster tomatoes, drug-treated cattle, radioactive chicken or toenail hotdogs?
There are many individuals who share their time, talent and resources with the Barton County 4-H program. The 2014 Friend of 4-H awards were given to dedicated individuals who went above and beyond to assist the 4-H youth. The two couples honored this year were Wayne and Terri DeWerff and Bill and Robin Niederee.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in Kansas is seeking public comments on changes to the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) interim final rule.
Travel out to the fields of Kansas during November and you'll see farmers wrapping up fall harvest. Combines chomp through fields of corn, milo, soybeans and sunflowers eager to dump the bountiful crops into waiting trucks and grain carts before Old Man Winter arrives with ice, snow and sleet.
More than 1,000 Farm Bureau members in Kansas will gather in Manhattan Dec. 1-2 for their organization's 96th Annual Meeting.
A historic agreement was reached today as Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado conducted a special meeting of the Republican River Compact in Manhattan. Representatives of the states have signed a resolution, approving operational adjustments in 2014 and 2015 under the Republican River Compact, which will benefit water users throughout the basin and set the administration on a course to find long-term solutions to persistent problems. Kansas Governor Sam Brownback noted that the agreement was positive for Kansas water users. "This resolution will protect a valuable water resource for Kansans. This agreement allows Harlan County Lake to serve as the destination for ...
Jim Richardson, National Geographic photographer and Kansas native, will serve up a vast visual journey: the Neolithic dawn of agriculture, today's world farmers working in relative anonymity, and the challenges of feeding an ever-more hungry planet through 2050 at Kansas Farmers Union's (KFU) upcoming annual convention.
The last two weeks have certainly presented people, livestock and the 2015 wheat crop with challenges. Many record lows were set over the area over the last two weeks and to add insult to injury, many record low highs were set. While it wasn't pleasant for us, our pets, and livestock, it shouldn't have caused much harm. The question on many wheat farmers' minds is what did this severe and long early cold snap do to the 2015 wheat crop? Much of the answer involves conditions other than temperature and the development of the wheat.
While many shoppers are feeling the pinch of price increases, there's a way today's smart, frugal shoppers can save money on the family food bill. Some estimates place this figure at 10 -15 percent. On the average food bill, this could mean a savings of $700 - $1,200 a year.
The phone jarred Ken Powell awake. Groggy and disoriented, he glanced at the clock while fumbling with the receiver: midway between midnight and one a.m.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reminds farm owners and producers that the opportunity to choose between the new 2014 Farm Bill established programs, Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC), begins Nov. 17, and continues through March 31, 2015. The new programs, designed to help producers better manage risk, usher in one of the most significant reforms to U.S. farm programs in decades.
One of the world's leading scholars in agricultural sustainability is speaking at Kansas State University about how to sustainably feed a growing world population that will require twice as much food as is currently produced.
Now that the cold weather has started to rear its head, it is time to turn our attention to our houseplants and the special care they need this time of year. With shorter days, dryer air and colder temperatures, your houseplants may require a change in the way you care for them. I found a short piece from K-State Research and Extension that gives a few basic tips to keep your indoor plants healthy throughout the winter.
Kansas Farm Bureau released its sixth book in the Kailey's Ag Adventures children's book series. Kailey's Pig 'Tales' follows Kailey and her cousins as they learn about pig farming from Farmer Rich.
Last week's column described consumer behavior and the assumptions behind predicting that behavior. The key points are consumers behavior rationally (in a predictable way), they prefer more to less, their preferences are complete, and they don't change preferences without a reason. Relative prices between goods are an important factor in determining choices within the constraints of a consumer's budget. Finally, consumer preferences do change over time, economists accept this change as a fact, and deal with those changes. Now the question to answer is how the agriculture and food industries responded to changes preferences and budgets have.
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Plenty of West Coast programs are giving a hard look to Houston (TX) Nimitz running back Dre'Vian Young. Now that the season is over, his high school coach, Robert Toomer, thinks that things could really explode for his senior running back.
"Washington and Boise State love him and are on him kind of hard. But in talking with him lately, I think he is leaning towards Utah," Toomer said. "
Editor's Note: Less than 30 minutes after this story ran, Scout.com confirmed that Young has made a non-binding verbal commit top Utah.
Toomer said that Utah has an animation program, which is a major that Young may be looking to explore as a student-athlete.
And while it seems as though it is the west that is dominating, Arizona State has come on late according to Toomer too, it seems like things overall could begin to open up for the 5-foot-9, 190-pound Young.
"When things settle down and coaches start coming back through here, I think it will heat up for Young. He is a talented back who really did well this season," Toomer said. "I'm looking for other big Division I schools to start recruiting him."
This past season, Young ran for over 1,500 yards and scored 13 touchdowns.
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Most Popular
"No Greater Fiction" Exhibition
- at BOSI Contemporary
- in the Lower East Side area
- 48 Orchard St., New York, NY 10002
- Media: Photography
- Ends in 11 days
BOSI Contemporary presents, No Greater Fiction, a photography based group exhibition featuring the works of Peter Baker, Felix R. Cid, Sarah Muehlbauer, Yorgos Prinos, Manal Abu- Shaheen, Hrvoje Slovenc,...More »
"From Samurai, Sushi, Anime, Next Newcomer – Sisyu!" Exhibition
- at Hpgrp Gallery
- in the Chelsea 20th area
- 529 W 20th St., 2W, New York, NY 10011
- Media: Painting - Drawing - Calligraphy
- Starts Today, Ends in 12 days
On Breaking the Limits of Culture with The Power of Art Sisyu 1. Creator Sisyu Rooted in the Orient, calligraphy arrived in Japan approximately 1300 years ago. Since then, the writing instruments have...More »
Nuri Bilge Ceylan "The World of My Father"
- at Tina Kim Gallery
- in the Chelsea 25th area
- 545 W 25th St., 3 Fl., New York, NY 10001
- Media: Photography
- Ends in 18 days
Organized to coincide with the New York premiere of Ceylan's newest film Winter Sleep at The Museum of Modern Art this will be the artist's first photography exhibition in the United States. The exhibition...More »
Pablo Picasso "Picasso and the Camera"
- at Gagosian Gallery 21st Street
- in the Chelsea 21st area
- 522 W 21st St., New York, NY 10011
- Media: Photography
- Ends in 39 days
Gagosian Gallery, in partnership with Bernard Ruiz-Picasso, presents "Picasso and the Camera," the fifth in a series of major Picasso surveys, following "Mosqueteros" (2009), "Picasso: The Mediterranean...More »
Ansel Adams "Classic Images"
- at Robert Mann Gallery
- in the Chelsea 26th area
- 525 W 26th St., New York NY 10001
- Media: Photography
- Ends in 11 days
Robert Mann Gallery announces Ansel Adams: Classic Images. Presenting some of both Adams' best-known photographs as well as stellar lesser-seen works—including several vintage prints dating back to the...More »
Hans Haacke Exhibition
- at Paula Cooper Gallery "521 W 21 St."
- in the Chelsea 21st area
- 521 W 21st St., Fl.2, New York NY, 10011
- Media: Photography - Sculpture - Installation
- Ends in 18 days
The most recent work on view will be the maquette for Gift Horse, 2013, Haacke's winning proposal for the Fourth Plinth at London's Trafalgar Square. The bronze sculpture depicts the skeleton of a horse,...More »
Vivian Maier "In Her Own Hands"
- at Howard Greenberg Gallery
- in the Midtown area
- 41 E 57th St., New York, NY 10022
- Media: Photography
- Ends in 11 days
Vivian Maier: In Her Own Hands presents more than 40 photographs, most exhibited for the first time. The exhibition coincides with the publication of a new book entitled Vivian Maier: A Photographer Found...More »
"Disturbing Innocence" Exhibition
- at The FLAG Art Foundation
- in the Chelsea 25th area
- 545 W 25th St, 9 and 10 Fls., New York, NY 10001
- Media: Painting - Photography - Other - Installation
- Ends in 67 days
Disturbing Innocence features over 50 historical and contemporary artists whose use of dolls, toys, mannequins, robots, and other surrogates forms a deep and powerfully expressive genre. The exhibition...More »
Xanti Schawinsky "Head Drawings and Faces of War"
- at The Drawing Center
- in the Soho area
- 35 Wooster St., New York, NY, 10013
- Media: Drawing
- Ends in 19 days
First generation Bauhaus artist Alexander 'Xanti' Schawinsky's prolific oeuvre encompasses a range of social and political investigations. Schawinsky spent a lifetime relocating—from Switzerland to Germany...More »
George Horner Exhibition
- at Judith Charles Gallery
- in the Lower East Side area
- 196 Bowery, New York, NY 10012
- Media: Installation
- Ends in 11 days
Judith Charles Gallery presents a solo exhibition in the gallery's Project Space by art world fixture George Horner. Having worked behind the scenes at Tony Shafrazi Gallery for more than thirty years,...More »
Martin Schoeller "Portraits"
- at Hasted Kraeutler
- in the Chelsea 24th area
- 537 W 24th St., New York, NY 10011
- Media: Photography
- Ends in 39 days
Featuring a written introduction by Jeff Koons, the latest monograph is a cause for celebration and a true milestone moment for the artist. The exhibition includes a range of images of varying scale that...More »
Robert Gober "The Heart Is Not a Metaphor"
- at The Museum of Modern Art
- in the Midtown area
- 11 W 53rd St., New York, NY 10019
- Media: Painting - Sculpture - Installation
- Ends in 54 days
"The Heart Is Not a Metaphor," is the first large-scale survey of Robert Gober's career to take place in the United States. Robert Gober (American, b. 1954) rose to prominence in the mid-1980s and was...More »
Nam June Paik "Becoming Robot"
- at Asia Society and Museum
- in the Upper East Side area
- 725 Park Ave., New York, NY 10021
- Media: Installation - Video installation
- Ends in 40 days
Asia Society Museum presents the first major institutional exhibition of Korean American video artist Nam June Paik in New York in more than a decade. Nam June Paik: Becoming Robot explores the artist's...More »
Julian Stanczak "From Life"
- at Mitchell-Innes & Nash (534 W 26th St.)
- in the Chelsea 26th area
- 534 W 26th St., New York, NY 10001
- Media: Painting
- Ends in 11 days
Mitchell-Innes & Nash presents an exhibition of paintings by Julian Stanczak focusing on the artist's evocations of natural phenomena, energy and light. This is the gallery's first solo exhibition...More »
"The Last Picture Show" Exhibition
- at Churner and Churner
- in the Chelsea 23rd area
- 205 10th Ave., New York, NY 10011
- Media: Photography - Installation
- Ends in 4 days
Churner and Churner presents The Last Picture Show with work by twelve artists with whom we have worked closely over the past several years: Joianne Bittle, Jude Broughan, Anthony Campuzano, Jaime Davidovich,...More »
Brad Jones "Diptychs"
- at Sargent's Daughters
- in the Lower East Side area
- 179 East Broadway, New York, NY 10002
- Media: Painting
- Ends in 26 days
Sargent's Daughters presents Diptychs, the debut exhibition of Brad Jones. The exhibition presents a series of oil paintings. The exhibition is accompanied by a catalogue with essays by Linda Yablonksky...More »
Soojin Cha "Eternal Energy: Embroidery Drawing"
- at gallery nine5
- in the Lower East Side area
- 24 Spring St., New York, NY 10012
- Media: Sculpture - Installation
- Ends in 33 days
gallery nine5 announces Soojin Cha's premiere solo exhibition in North America, Eternal Energy: Embroidery Drawing. Cha's work investigates the medium and materiality of thread in the form of multi-layered...More »
Charlie Hewitt "White Light"
- at Jim Kempner Fine Art
- in the Chelsea 23rd area
- 501 W 23rd St., New York, NY 10001
- Media: Painting
- Ends in 11 days
Jim Kempner Fine Art presents its eighth exhibition with Charlie Hewitt, which features his most recent paintings and Chesapeake Rambler, a 20' high aluminum sculpture in the gallery's sculpture garden....More »
Patrick Berran Exhibition
- at Chapter NY
- in the Lower East Side area
- 127 Henry St., New York, NY 10002
- Media: Painting
- Ends in 19 days
Chapter NY presents an exhibition of new work by Patrick Berran. This is the artist's third solo show in New York and his first with Chapter NY. Berran creates energetic, multifaceted and lyrical...More »
Josh Faught "Christmas Creep"
- at Lisa Cooley Fine Art
- in the Lower East Side area
- 107 Norfolk St., New York, NY 10002
- Media: Installation
- Ends in 26 days
Lisa Cooley presents Christmas Creep, Josh Faught's third solo show with the gallery. An artist who has long been interested in our culture's ability to communicate authentic feelings of joy, sorrow and...More »


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These are easy to make, delicious and they make your house smell wonderful - a favorite at our house. They're high in fiber, low in fat and not too sweet. If desired, you could add raisins, currants and/or chopped nuts when you stir-in the dry ingredients. This recipe makes 2 dozen regular sized muffins or 4 dozen smaller "gem" sized muffins.
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AK Steel,
Ashland Works,
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NEW YORK AK Steel Corp. will pay $1.65 million in civil penalties and spend $2 million on two environmental improvement projects at its Ashland Works in Kentucky to settle alleged Clean Air Act violations at its now-shuttered Ashland coke plant.
Part of the civil penalties will be applied to the environmental improvement projects, which will reduce air emissions at the steelmaking facility, under the agreement with the federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
"The agreement was reached without admission of the alleged violations by AK Steel," the West Chester, Ohio-based steelmaker said.
AK Steel said it closed the Ashland coke plant in 2011 "because it was no longer cost competitive due to increased maintenance and increasingly stringent environmental regulations."
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Every month American Metal Market takes a statistical look inside the marketplace.
We actually don't know who his investors are. At the point when we are ready, we will investigate further. There are just so many things to handle and there are a lot of items to be considered with the project."
-- Charles C. Mitchell, Barstow city manager


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Phillip Island - Woolamai Surf Cam & Surf Report
@ 10 sec
32 min ago
H 4:10 AM (1.7m)
L 9:45 AM (0.5m)
Surf Report East Coast VICby Mal Gregson
26/11/2014 6:35 AM | Report
Today's rating
6-8ft surf at Woolamai. Westerly wind tending Southerly after midday. Poor conditions today with no quality wavers around... Log on to www.surfcoaching.biz You can win a holiday to Hawaii for you and a mate - check the site for more details.
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Tomorrow's Surf Forecast
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Marine Outlook
Forecast for Wednesday 26 November until midnight
Winds: Westerly 20 to 25 knots turning southwesterly 20 to 25 knots this morning then tending south to southwesterly at 15 to 20 knots this evening .
Seas: 1.5 to 2.5 metres.
Swell: West to southwesterly 1 to 1.5 metres, increasing to 1.5 to 2 metres in the west. Weather: Cloudy. 40% chance of showers this morning.
UV Index 11 (Very High)
From Gidget To Chasing Mavericks, What's The Greatest Hollywood Surf Movie?
Jock Serong's Short History of Hollywood Surf
Forecaster Blog: Hawaii Forecast Update
World title contender or not, it's make or break time in Hawaii. Check out the forecast.
Watch Damien Hobgood, Creed McTaggart, Dion Agius Score Pumping Greenbush – An Exclusive From Strange Rumblings
Standout Sessions: Greenbush is pumping and Damo Hobgood is da man.
World Title Battle Kicks Off at Target Maui Pro
Wright Delivers at Honolua Bay
Surf Dive 'n' Ski
Celebrating 50 Years of Surf Retail
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Ten Things From The Week That Was November 21, 2014
Video: One Smooth As Hell Wave With Asher Pacey
Wave of The Week: There's a reason Asher Pacey is the Coastalwatch content manager's favourite surfer.
Watch Damien Hobgood, Creed McTaggart, Dion Agius Score Pumping Greenbush – An Exclusive From Strange Rumblings
Standout Sessions: Greenbush is pumping and Damo Hobgood is da man.
Line-up of The Day: November 24, 2014
The Waves Cannot Be Trusted, Japan By Scott Bailey
Who Is Going To Win The Women's World Title? – Sean Doherty On...
The Day of Reckoning... It's coming.


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What are your first-day trip traditions in Disney World and Disneyland? Find out what we love to do on our first day at Disney on the Disney Food Blog podcast!
Posts Tagged 'Disneyland'
Dining in Disneyland: Dinner and Updated Menu Review at Ariel's Grotto in Disney California Adventure
Check out a new review of Ariel's Grotto in Disneyland's Disney California Adventure!
Top 3 Restaurants for Kids in Disneyland
We are counting down our Top 3 Favorite Kids' Dining Spots in Disneyland today!
Dining in Disneyland First Look: Starbucks Opens in Downtown Disney!
Starbucks has opened its doors in Disneyland's Downtown Disney District! Check out the fun design elements and reserve coffees here!
Disney Recipe: Veggie Tater Bake from Flo's V-8 Cafe in Disney California Adventure (A Vegetarian Recipe!)
Looking for a delicious vegetarian entree recipe? Check out the Veggie Tater Casserole from Flo's V-8 Cafe from Disney California Adventure in Disneyland!
Review: Breakfast at White Water Snacks in Disney's Grand Californian Hotel and Spa
Today, we're having a quick but delicious breakfast at White Water Snacks, located in Disneyland's Grand Californian Hotel and Spa!
Review: Breakfast at Flo's V-8 Cafe in Disney California Adventure
We are getting our day off to a great start at Disney California Adventure with a stop by Flo's V-8 Cafe for breakfast!
New! DFB Podcast Episode 19: The DISNEY ICE CREAM POLAR VORTEX!
Check out the latest DFB Podcast: all about Disney ice cream!
Top 10 Disneyland Fast Food Joints
Today, join us for a tour of Disneyland as we discuss our Top 10 Favorite Counter Service Spots in Disneyland and Disney California Adventure!


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I ordered some items some time ago and there was a confussion with one of them, I received an item similar to other one I'd ordered but not the one I...


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The College will present the master plan to the local community on Monday, Sept. 14, at 7:30 p.m. at the St. Joseph Villa Auditorium, 110 W. Wissahickon Ave., Flourtown. All are welcome to attend.
Chestnut Hill College was also featured in an article in the Chestnut Hill Local regarding the College's Master plan for the integration of the two campuses.
One of Chestnut Hill College's favorite traditions in Carol Night, returns for its 38th year on December 5th at 7:30 PM. Carol Night features performances by many of CHC's instrumental ensembles as well as the Hill Singers. The event is free and open to public. There will be a reception following in the East Parlor.
Information: 215.248.7164
Sunday, Dec. 14, at 10:30 a.m. at the Redmond Room, East Parlor and Rotunda, St. Joseph Hall. It will have a breakfast buffet, children's activities and Christmas carols.


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[Updated on: Wed, 29 August 2012 19:13 UTC]
[Updated on: Wed, 29 August 2012 19:12 UTC]
[Updated on: Tue, 11 September 2012 17:37 UTC]
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[Updated on: Sat, 01 December 2012 13:29 UTC]
[Updated on: Sat, 09 February 2013 15:22 UTC]
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Soul Singer Avery*Sunshine's Travel Diary view
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21 Times Solange Showed Us She Has the Coolest Life Ever view
Photo Credit: Diddy/ Instagram
Diddy's always joking about how many mouths he has to feed (six children!), so what's...
Diddy's always joking about how many mouths he has to feed (six children!), so what's one more? We'd get to bring out our inner child by watching Charlie Brown holiday specials and drinking tons of juice — spiked with their father's very own Ciroc Vodka, of course.
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About us
Thu 27 Nov 2014 @ 18:10
Next Thursday - everyone's invited to Late Night Opening at CHBookshop! http://t.co/QGPTeUdHZE
Author(s): Don Cupitt
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Don Cupitt is a Life Fellow at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and the author of many books including The Sea of Faith, Taking Leave of God, The Old Creed and the New, Jesus and Philosophy, The Meaning of the West, Solar Ethics and The Fountain.


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The NM EDGE
4001 Office Court Drive, Suite 308
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87507
Mary C. DeLorenzo, Program Director
Marc Legarreta, Assistant Program Director
Elia Galindo, Database Report Writer
Cynthia Martinez, Program Assistant
Marilyn Cimalore, Program Assistant
Phone: (505) 855-6741 (Albuquerque) / (575) 646-4304 (Las Cruces)
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
NM EDGE, a service of New Mexico State University's Cooperative Extension Service, is a program designed to provide a comprehensive course of study to administrators, managers, elected officials, and staff in local, state, tribal, and national government, through which participants can acquire and apply the best practices and theory to their management behaviors and strategies using the highest professional standards.
News From the NM EDGE
Better Informed Public Officials with NMAC
On December 9, 10 and 11, 2014, NM EDGE County College will be offering classes, in collaboration with the New Mexico Association of Counties, for newly-elected county officials.
Please be aware that all the newly-elected will be automatically enrolled in these classes.
All those who were not elected to office on November 4, 2014, must enroll on their own.
To learn about which classes we are offering, please visit the Upcoming Classes section of this website.
Ongoing Purchasing Class Opportunities
NM EDGE is pleased to continue providing Purchasing Classes on November 18 & 19, 2014, and on December 16, 17 & 18, 2014.
To learn about which classes we are offering, please visit the Upcoming Classes section of this website.
Do you plan on graduating in January 2015?
Do you plan on graduating in January 2015? If so, you only have until November 20, 2014, to let us know. To learn more, click here.


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While you may not find yourself stuckin this exact situation, you may need at least one of these tools. Israel has the answer: it has created a solar-powered "tree." According to NPR, "its brown metal trunk and branches reach high toward the sky, like the acacia tree this model is named after. Its seven broad "leaves" are standard solar panels. They shade benches below, as well as power electric and USB outlets, chill drinking fountain water and supply energy for wi-fi."
Read more at NPR.
Israeli social games developer Diwip, which was founded in 2010, was sold last week to Canada's Imperus Technologies for $100 million cash and a small quantity of shares. $50 million will be paid immediately, and the remainder within two years, in accordance with certain milestones. Imperus, which changed its name a month ago from Isis Lab, has developed a social games platform called Casina that enables the monetization of practically any game or application in the online games industry.
Imperus, which was founded in the same year as Diwip, is smaller than the company it is acquiring, is traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange at a market cap of $29 million, after carrying out a reverse merger into a stock market shell in 2013. Diwip was founded by Yaniv Gamzo and Ehud (Udi) Kantzuker, who are the sole shareholders, in equal shares. They will thus each receive $25 million cash immediately, and up to a further $25 million each later on, assuming that Diwip meets the milestones in the sale agreement. After the sale to Imperus, Kantzuker will be co-president and Chief Product Officer of Diwip, and Gamzo will be co-president and Chief Technical Officer oif the company. Diwip increased its revenue from approximately $7.8 million in 2011 to $28.3 million in 2013.
:: Globes
Inc. believes that Wix, an Israeli startup, is one of the hottest in the Middle East. Here's why:
You may be familiar with Wix as a leading cloud-based web development platform, but what you might not know is that this company isn't even 10 years old. The Tel-Aviv-based web development startup was founded in 2006 by Avishai Abrahami, Nadav Abrahami, and Giora Kaplan and has since taken the web development industry by storm. Born out of their own personal experiences, Wix was created to make it easier for people to build their own HTML5 web and mobile sites through the use of their online drag and drop tool suite. Wix's platform made an often complicated task into a simple and enjoyable activity, which has been the key to their overwhelming success over the years–a lesson any entrepreneur can appreciate.
Click here for all "7 of the Hottest Middle Eastern Startups You Can Learn From"
Wondering just how big Dori Media Group is? According to the corporation, "Dori Media Group is an international group of media companies, located in Israel, Switzerland, Argentina and the US., the group produces and distributes TV and New Media content, broadcasts various TV channels and operates video-content internet sites. The group owns approximately 5,500 TV hours; more than 7,000 3 minute video clips; 120 9-minute webisodes and around 550 1-5 minute cellular episodes of telenovelas and daily dramas, which it sells to a wide variety of audiences in more than 100 countries."
While information on the total financial amount of the acquisition was not released, the cost could be "a price of tens of millions of shekels, according to market estimates." Management at Dori Media Group hopes that the acquisition will allow for growth of the corporation.
Read more at Globes.
It is known in this international struggle that the cure may be found in tobacco: the plant is a "vehicle to synthesize antibodies for a vaccine." Israel's Collplant is at the forefront of this industry.
Currently, ZMapp, "the tobacco-synthesized 'cocktail'" is believed to be the sole treatment to Ebola. While Collplant is currently not involved in the manufactoring of ZMapp, the company is a logical partner in the battle to cure Ebola using tobacco protein.
According to Times of Israel, "It was CollPlant that pioneered the mass production of human materials in tobacco plants. 'We didn't invent the method, but we have taken it farther than anyone else,' said Shoseyov. Using nanotechnology, CollPlant produces human collagen from tobacco plants, a far better way to produce an element essential to repairing bones and joints than the alternatives – using materials extracted from cows and pigs to produce artificial collagen."
Read more at Times of Israel.
Edouard Cukierman, Israeli business person stated,
"China over the past two years has become the number one investor in Israel. For them, Israel is a great source of technology to help them develop their economy, while for us, it's a fantastic opportunity to gain entry into the biggest market in the world."
Israelis are also looking at China for their technological and business acumen. Times of Israel notes that Israel has looked at China as a sort of "'big brother,' a partner with a burgeoning economy and great prospects for long-term growth."
Read more at Times of Israel.


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"The House," as regulars affectionately call it, is Woodlawn's definitive Irish pub and restaurant. Head to the bar side for a pint of Smithwick's or Killian's, and if you're hungry, make your way to the restaurant for the best Irish ham and cabbage this side of the Atlantic. Jam to cover bands on Fridays and Saturdays (go ahead and bet your friends $100 that you'll hear a U2 song), and on Sundays, the house band—fittingly called Jameson's Revenge—takes the edge off of impending Monday blahs.
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SDR complained "The Saratoga Community Center is 'traditional' ? Really ? Brickwork with masonry or ceramic trim is no longer a viable architectural material ? What'll be declared dead, next -- the rectangle ?...I don't defend the example above as a work of architecture. I know nothing about it. But it's a surprising contender for 'traditional'--- isn't it ?)".
NewsChristopher Gray reviewed John Hill's book A Guide to Contemporary New York City Architecture, reflected on the current revival of traditional architecture in the United States, and asked Mr. Hill if he has "a bias against the neo-traditional movement?". SDR complained "The... View full entry »
The LA Times reported that Renzo Piano, Los Angeles architect Zoltan Pali and officials from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences unveiled preliminary designs for a $300-million film museum. Eric Chavkin concluded "A toy chest of architectures related only by location. From the Bruce Goff Japanese Pavilion to the black box Mies bookstore to Hugh Hardy's disco streamlined moderne to Luckmans sorry start. Renzo Piano's 'back-to-the-future cinema spheres just continues the trajectory"
In an essay titled UNEXPECTED COSTS ~ Big ticket design software versus alternate methodologies, Ann Lui a designer and freelance writer reflected on the fact that "Not twenty years ago, if you wanted to start your own firm, you could do so on a Mayline drafting board in your basement...Today, my... View full entry »
For the latest edition in his NEXT SERIES: features, Orhan Ayyüce spoofed the rise of architectural firms who hire media experts, also known as social media coordinators or marketing directors. The piece titled Media Specialist Wanted began provocatively "in architectural media, what it used... View full entry »
Archinect was excited to announce a competition we're co-hosting with Designer Pages and the LA Film Festival. This competition seeks proposals for the interior design/layout of the VIP Director's Lounge for this year's LA Film Festival. The winner will have their design executed, with a cash... View full entry »
Reflecting on the site of Farnsworth House, an obvious floodplain, toasteroven wondered "who pushed siting the building where it is - the client or mies?". To which snooker-doodle-dandy replied "don't believe Mies would ever let a Client tell him what to do. In fact if they tried, he would most likely stuff out his Cuban cigar on their forehead"
NewsAs of March 11, 2013 Farnsworth House is fully surrounded by river water, but neither the lower deck nor the upper deck had yet been breached.Paul Petrunia noted that last time it happened "They even blogged the cleanup: http://archinect.com/news/article/80993/farnsworth-clean-up".Reflecting... View full entry »
For the latest edition of the ShowCase feature, Archinect published the Hotel Wiesergut a complex renovation and extension by by GOGL ARCHITEKTEN, located in Hinterglemm/Salzburger Land, Austria. FRaC thought "those cold roofs are hot!" News Over at the financial times Emma Jacobs chatted... View full entry »
vado retro summed up the design "a box within a box and one box the one inside, the inside box is at an angle. oh and there are trees" but Alex Gomez added "Although the facade is superficial, I feel it will succeed in attracting 'qualitative and quantitative tourist flows in the area,'
News Over at Bustler.net, Bernard Tschumi Architects unveiled the schematic design for the firm's first work in Italy: ANIMA, a new cultural center in the city of Grottammare. The project has been commissioned by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Ascoli Piceno and the Municipality of... View full entry »
For the latest edition of the ShowCase feature, Archinect published the first fire station designed by Pritzker Prize winner Álvaro Siza Veira. The project, Santo Tirso Fire Station is located in Quinta de Geão, Portugal "comprises a total gross area of 1173 m2 and lodges the... View full entry »
For the latest edition of the ShowCase feature, Archinect profiled 253 Pacific Street, a project designed James Cleary Architecture. It is a newly constructed building in Brooklyn, New York containing three duplex residences. News Planetizen covered Arup's proposal for a "smart"... View full entry »
The Three Grand Prize winners and thirteen Special Mentions were released for d3's Unbuilt Visions 2012 competition. The program promotes critical debate about architecture and design by acknowledging excellence in unbuilt projects. The Grand Prize: went to The Emperor's Castle, designed by Thomas Hillier, UK. In response homme_du_jura applauded "I'm very glad to see Thomas Hillier's work recognized...A beautiful piece!"
For the latest Student Works: feature, Archinect published New Horizons Iceland Expedition, which was a compendium of results from a trip The Bartlett School of Architecture Unit 3, wherein "Twelve 2nd and 3rd year students designed, built and tested a series of shelter/surveying devices (they... View full entry »
Archinect released the final and third part of a multi-part interview Orhan Ayyüce conducted with George Brugmans, Executive Director of the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam (IABR). The topics included: São Paulo, Rotterdam and Beyond. At one point Mr. Brugmans summed up... View full entry »
Orhan Ayyüce published parts 1 + 2 of a multi-part interview with George Brugmans (Executive Director of the IABR)...Thayer-D chimed in "This is an excellent example of how well intentioned architects continue to talk past each other...One of the speakers spoke of the need to create relationships with politicians, developers and the public in general to forge a new way forward...What's amazing is that this has been happening for the last 20 years in the Congress for New Urbanism
In the first edition of our In Focus in 2013 Archinect spoke with Yohan Zerdoun an architectural photographer based in Germany/Switzerland. Plus, Orhan Ayyüce published parts 1 + 2 of a multi-part interview with George Brugmans (Executive Director of the IABR) in which... View full entry »
The New York Museum of Modern Art and MoMA PS1 announced CODA (Caroline O'Donnell of Ithaca, New York) as the winner of the annual Young Architects Program (YAP) in New York...Donna Sink shared "That PS1 installation just looks dull to me" to which Steven Ward responded "i must like dull. actually, i know i do. i'm thinking i'll like its texture and shadow. form".
Orhan Ayyüce kicks off 2013 with Fishing for Architecture with John Lurie the first feature of the New Year. Orhan recently had an opportunity to talk with Mr. Lurie about architecture and this conversation resulted over a few days of messaging in cyber space. John initially noted "Man, I... View full entry »
The 14-year battle over the fate of the modern structure at the heart of Gettysburg National Military Park is over, as the National Park Service will begin demolishing the Richard Neutra designed Cyclorama building as soon as February. A disappointed Donna Sink argued "How can destroying what is truly a unique piece of art while allowing KFC to be visible from the battleground furthering our appreciation of the tragedy of this battle?"
News Amy Worden explained that the 14-year battle over the fate of the modern structure at the heart of Gettysburg National Military Park is over, as the National Park Service will begin demolishing the Richard Neutra designed Cyclorama building as soon as February. A disappointed Donna Sink... View full entry »
Alison Cuddy of WBEZ 91.5 reported that the Save Prentice Coalition has made the case that re-using the former Prentice Hospital could mean more money, jobs...curtkram was puzzled "hmm. i used to live on the north side of chicago and i don't recall ever seeing this building. anyway, aside from preserving this building because of it's characteristic of a historic style, or because some particularly important person thinks it looks cool, there is a good argument for sustainability".
Archinect finished reflecting back on the 2012 most trafficked pages in Archinect's diverse online ecosystem, with a list of 12 top 12 lists for '12. As always, they listing the most popular pages from across the site, based exclusively on visits by unique page-views. We completed the look-back... View full entry »
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The Running Robot
One step closer to the reality of Will Smith's "I, Robot" (terrifying, I know), these robots created by Toyota can actually run about 7 km/hr.
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It seems also eager to leave. …
- Tags: Bizarre, Comparison, Dolls, Fashion, Image Gallery, Makeup, Photoshop, Plastic Surgery
Comment on Real Barbie Reveals Family – "All From The Same Maker…" by Benoist:
it seems also eager to leave.
Recent comments by Benoist:
- Shingeki no Kyojin Movie Cast Revealed:
well, the story isn't going anywhere and doomed thanks to the numerous inconsistencies… so let's milk the shit out of it before the massses realize how mocked they were :)
- Moist Misaka Mikoto Cosplay by Naasan:
Onee-samaaaa °D°?… ITADAKIMASU !!!! some things are missing for a proper cosplay, but "ne boudons pas notre plaisir"
- Moist Misaka Mikoto Cosplay by Naasan:
possible. even her clones question her poor tastes
- New Ansatsu Kyoushitsu PV Revealed:
now, that's Investigative Journalism


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10:28 28th January 2013
by Stoke City Football Club
Photos from the game at the Britannia Stadium...
STOKE CITY'S hopes of enjoying another good FA Cup run were dashed by Argentinian defender Pablo Zabaletta . . . as Manchester City repeated their one-goal success in the Final two years ago with a victory at the Britannia Stadium.
Zabaletta made the most of an unfortunate slip by Ryan Shotton to fire home his late winner and finish off a move he had begun deep in his own half when he halted Matthew Etherington in his tracks.
It was a rare goalscoring opportunity in a close-fought game which in many respects mirrored the Wembley Stadium showpiece in May 2011.
The Potters had a goal disallowed in the first half when captain Ryan Shawcross was ruled offside as he put the ball in the back of the net from close range, but that was a rare moment when they threatened to break down the champions' resistance.
Even the loss of their captain Vincent Kompany through injury couldn't upset the visitors who were unlucky when David Silva hit the post with a curling shot.
It was the first time that Roberto Mancini's side had won at the Britannia Stadium since the Potters' return to the top-flight and the last five games had ended in 1-1 draws.
That was so nearly the outcome on this occasion when a chance fell to substitute Cameron Jerome in injury-time but he blazed his shot high over the bar.
Photos courtesy of stokecityfcpics.com, Action Images and Getty Images.
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