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Last 7 days
Improvement of defect detection in shearography by using Principal Component Analysis
Vandenrijt, Jean-François ; ; Georges, Marc
in Proceedings of Conference on Interferometry XVII: Techniques and Analysis (2014, August)Detailed reference viewed: 23 (10 ULg)
A First Look at the Nonadiabatic Properties of Pulsating Accreting White Dwarfs of the GW Lib Type
Van Grootel, Valérie ; ; et al
Poster (2014, August)
We present results of a detailed stability survey of the pulsation properties of accreting white dwarfs of the GW Lib type. This is based on several state-of-the- art white dwarf evolutionary sequences ... [more ▼]
We present results of a detailed stability survey of the pulsation properties of accreting white dwarfs of the GW Lib type. This is based on several state-of-the- art white dwarf evolutionary sequences with varying envelope compositions, from pure hydrogen to pure helium. Using the same tools as in Van Grootel et al. (2013), where we have presented the first consistent view of the ZZ Ceti instability strip, we have mapped the GW Lib instability strip over the effective temperature-surface gravity plane, and as a function of envelope composition. We find that the location of the GW Lib instability domain is a strong and continuous function of the assumed envelope composition. We can accomodate all of the known GW Lib pulsators in various strips according to their atmospheric compositions. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 5 (0 ULg)
Which agritourism for which suburban countryside? A heuristic and comparative analysis in Wallonia and Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (part 2)
Dubois, Charline ; Schmitz, Serge
in Ianos, Ioan (Ed.) Rural life and rural systems between tradition and integrated urban-rural development (2014, August)
Mutations, transformations, transitions are keywords which open the door to many questions regarding the global European agriculture. The resources of the rural countryside in Europe are subject to many ... [more ▼]
Mutations, transformations, transitions are keywords which open the door to many questions regarding the global European agriculture. The resources of the rural countryside in Europe are subject to many pressures. Agricultural activities are decreasing and farmers are losing importance. In some northwestern European countryside, the declining agriculture compels to diversify activities in farms. Some farmers need to rethink their business goals in order to successfully sustain their operations in the economic space. In many areas, one of the solutions suggested is the development of agritourism. Agritourism in Wallonia and in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg is a tourist activity proposed by the farmer in his farm. While addressing the challenges and countering threats of their agriculture, both suburban areas present many advantages and opportunities for tourism development. Different tourist and leisure developments are conceived and proposed. The activity is reinforced by popular images of sustainability and ecology. Is agritourism a universal solution or is it a reflected contextualized solution? In the Tel-Aviv CSRS meeting, in 2010, we presented a communication on this issue. While the theoretical review and the aim of the first paper were well presented, the empirical results were not well documented because we were at the beginning of the PhD research. Today, we propose, in this paper, to improve information and to answer to the different comments from the members of the commission. Agritourism should be defined, localized, differentiated. Between 2010 and 2014, we conducted interviews of Walloon and Luxembourg tenants (n = 33), surveys among potential tourists (n = 1148) in seven tourist places, interviews of privileged witnesses (n = 31), and field observations. Working on two regions of Western Europe which had not been analyzed previously, the Walloon and Luxembourg suburban countryside, we want to understand the agritourism dynamics, the factors that influence the location and development, and the images of farm tourism. The purpose of this research is to understand the geographical relationship between agritourism, countryside, local resources, agriculture, and tourism specialization. This issue is underdeveloped in the literature and our PhD thesis contributes to fill this gap. We scrutinize the spatial distribution of agritourism in both regions, the logic of emergence of tourism in a farm, the links between these tourist functions and these agricultural functions. We analysed the tenants and visitors' reasons and motivations in regards of the regional and local context. Finally, we build a typology of the countryside according to agritourism. We conclude that the farm diversification should pay attention to several local and regional factors to succeed in a win-win combination of tourism and agriculture. These factors are listed in a heuristic model, which is a user-friendly tool to think future development of agritourism in the European countryside. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 15 (2 ULg)
Reliabilität und Validität des "Voice Handicap Index (VHI) adaptiert an die Gesangsstimme"
; ; et al
in Laryngo Rhino Otologie (2014)
Reliability and Validity of the "Voice Handicap Index (VHI) Adapted to the Singing Voice" in German. Background : The Voice Handicap Index (i.e., VHI) is one of the most reliable standardized self ... [more ▼]
Reliability and Validity of the "Voice Handicap Index (VHI) Adapted to the Singing Voice" in German. Background : The Voice Handicap Index (i.e., VHI) is one of the most reliable standardized self-evaluation assessments in diagnosis of voice disorders. That tool is the most used in daily clinic,. In 2007, the VHI was adapted to the singing population, called"VHI adapté aux chanteurs". The aim of our study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the German version of the VHI adapted to the singing voice. Materials and Methods: 113 German singers (41 males and 72 females) with diverse singing styles and profession were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups : a test-group (n=20) with self-perceived vocal complaints and a control-group (n=93) without vocal complaints. Statistical analysis to measure the reliability and validity was conducted with the Cronbach's alpha (i.e., cron.a), independant t-test and receiver operating characteristics as well likelihood ratio, respectively. Results : Reliability was confirmed by acceptable Cron. a (0,713-0,850) for each of the sub-scales and total score. The validity between the 2 groups showed high signifiant differences for each of the sub-scales and total score by which the test-group indicated higher scores than the control-group. Only the construct validity revealed no clear results. Conclusion : The VHI adapted to the singing voice is suited as reliable and valid standardizing evaluation tool, but the diagnostic accuracy has to be investigated again because of too high inaccuracy in the interpretation of the outcome of the present data. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 10 (3 ULg)
Spatiotemporal variations of the incidence of the fleas (Siphonaptera) on domestic small mammals in the city of Cotonou, Benin
; ; Libois, Roland
in Journal of Applied Biosciences (2014), 80
Objectives: A survey of domestic small mammals and their associated fleas was conducted in Cotonou during the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of ... [more ▼]
Objectives: A survey of domestic small mammals and their associated fleas was conducted in Cotonou during the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of small mammals in the transmission of anthropozoonosis. Methodology and Results: A total of 1,402 domestic small mammals were captured in 54 stations using methods following Houémenou (2006). The most abundant small mammals were, Rattus rattus (black rat) (63.7%), Mastomys sp. (multimammate rat) (11.84%), Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) (11.48%) and Crocidura olivieri (7.85%). Among these rodents, 364 individuals were found with ectoparasites and 886 fleas were collected (flea index 0.63), the most common flea being Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) (97.2%). This species was found in all areas of the city and infested all small mammal species. The Pulicidae prevalence (26%) howed important variations, with relatively low and significantly higher prevalence during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Conclusions and application of findings: Small mammal community in Cotonou was dominated by Rattus rattus and fleas by Xenopsylla cheopis. Due to the presence of a seaport of paramount importance, Cotonou town was not away from importation by sea transport of zoonotic rats (shelter ships calling at the port of Cotonou, from all continents). To date, in Cotonou there is lacking information on pathogenic agents hosted by the small mammals and their ectoparasites. Therefore, awareness of the authorities on the zoonotic risk of small mammals for the human population is necessary. The authorities of the Port Autonome de Cotonou must increase the screening of ships, which arrive at Cotonou to avoid zoonotic rodent importation. The Ministry of Human Health in Benin must sensitize the populations at high risk of the rodent transmitted diseases. Further studies are needed to detect the different animal reservoirs of these pathogenic agents. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 12 (3 ULg)
Developing situational judgment tests to assess organizational citizenship behaviours
Lothe, Benoit ; Hansez, Isabelle
Conference (2014, August)
a) Purpose As Organizational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs) positively influence a number of important outcomes (e.g. job performance, unit productivity, organizational efficiency, etc.) and are valued by ... [more ▼]
a) Purpose As Organizational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs) positively influence a number of important outcomes (e.g. job performance, unit productivity, organizational efficiency, etc.) and are valued by managers as well, Organ, Podsakoff and Podsakoff (2010) assert the need "to try to identify and select those job candidates who have a propensity to exhibit these behaviours" (p.314). This study provides some empirical evidence about using Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) for this specific target and allows us to discuss the main methodological issues in the development of such SJTs. b) Method Based on relevant best practices and recommendations from the literature (e.g. Weekley, Ployhart & Holtz, 2006), two distinct SJTs were especially developed to comply with OCBs assessment. The two SJTs differ on their job specificity degree (project manager in the industrial sector vs transversal function in the services sector), both propose ten different work related situations and, for each stem, five action proposals are available. Data were collected through online survey on two different samples (220 white collars professionals and 291 university students). Professionals were allowed to choose which SJT they wanted to participate, students were randomized within the two SJTS. An experimental manipulation of the response instructions (ipsative vs normative) was added within the student sample. OCBs were concurrently collected using self-reported measurement scales. c) Results In both samples (respectively professionals and students), the internal consistency was higher for the "job specific" SJT (α = .79 & .81) than for the "transversal job" SJT (α = .49 & 64). Notwithstanding, significant relations were found between the SJT scores and overall OCB ratings for both of the SJT forms in each of the two samples (r ranged from .30 to .57). Other specifics findings also provided substantial evidence for the concurrent validity of the SJTs to measure sub-dimensions of OCBs (altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, sportsmanship, loyalty and voice). d) Conclusions This study is, to our knowledge, the first to address the development and validation of a SJT for the assessment of OCBs. Review of the literature indicates that researches on techniques to predict OCBs are scarce and the present findings appear to surpass the average personality traits validity coefficients (r= .20) according to Organ & al. (2010)'s meta-analysis. There are two main practical implications. The first is the opportunity to use OCBs-SJTs as an alternative to assess applicants OCBs for job-specific or generic personnel selection issue. The second is to provide methodological development advices (e.g. the choice of response instruction) to ensure the SJT match the OCBs assessment requirement. Principal current limitations call for further research development that will be discussed: using different sources of OCBs rating, testing the incremental validity on personality tests, determining whether OCBs-SJTs are correlated with cognitive ability and establishing criterion validity with job performance. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 19 (1 ULg)
Natural intrauterine infection with Schmallenberg virus in malformed newborn calves: pathology and distribution of viral RNA
Bayrou, Calixte ; Garigliany, Mutien-Marie ; Sarlet, Michaël et al
in Emerging Infectious Diseases (2014), 20(8),
We comprehensively surveyed morphologic alterations in calves naturally infected in utero by Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and born deformed. SBV-specific RNA was distributed unevenly in different tissues ... [more ▼]
We comprehensively surveyed morphologic alterations in calves naturally infected in utero by Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and born deformed. SBV-specific RNA was distributed unevenly in different tissues. Implications for diagnosic procedures are highlighted. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 42 (8 ULg)
Forage plants as alternative feed resource for sustainable pig production in the tropics: a review
Kambashi Mutiaka, Bienvenu ; Boudry, Christelle ; Picron, Pascale et al
in Animal (2014), 8(8), 1298-1311
Globally, pressure on concentrate feed resources is increasing, especially in the tropics where many countries are net importers of food. Forage plants are a possible alternative but their use as feed ... [more ▼]
Globally, pressure on concentrate feed resources is increasing, especially in the tropics where many countries are net importers of food. Forage plants are a possible alternative but their use as feed ingredients for pigs raises several issues related to their higher fibre and plant secondary metabolites contents as well as their lower nutritive value. In this paper, the nutritive value of several forage species as well as the parameters that influence this nutritive value in relationship to the plant family, the physiological stage, the plant part and the preservation method (fresh, hay and silage) are reviewed. The influence of the breed and the physiological status of the animal on animal voluntary intake of fibre-rich ingredients, digestibility as related to gastrointestinal volume and transit time and growth performances are also discussed. The final section highlights the assets and drawbacks of forage plants in pig diets and stresses the need for proper economic evaluation to conclude on the benefits of the use of forage plants in pig feed. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 30 (16 ULg)
Numerical Investigation of Cooling in the Continuous Fiber Glass Drawing Process
Chouffart, Quentin ; Terrapon, Vincent ;
in Proceedings of the 15th International Heat Transfer Conference (2014, August)
The manufacturing process of glass fibers used for the reinforcement of composite material consists in drawing a glass melt at high temperature through an array of thousands of small orifices (i.e., the ... [more ▼]
The manufacturing process of glass fibers used for the reinforcement of composite material consists in drawing a glass melt at high temperature through an array of thousands of small orifices (i.e., the bushing plate) into fibers using a winder. This process is sensitive to numerous disturbances that can cause a fiber to break during the drawing process. This paper analyzes how the stress in the fiber depends on the controlling parameters of the process. The approach relies on numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis. Both a semi-analytical one-dimensional model and a more complex two-dimensional axisymmetric model are used. It is first found that radial variations across the fiber are small compared to changes in the axial direction and that the one-dimensional approximation is accurate enough to describe the major trends in the process. Sensitivity analyses on some physical parameters controlling the heat transfers and on process parameters are then performed to identify strategies to reduce the axial stress. In particular, it is shown that, for a given fiber diameter, the stress is minimized if the glass melt temperature and the drawing velocity are increased. This approach is then applied to quantify the effect of inhomogeneous heat patterns on a bushing plate with a large number of fibers. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 36 (10 ULg)
Organic and mineral imprints in fossil photosynthetic mats of an East Antarctic lake
; Compère, Philippe ; et al
in Geobiology (2014), 12(5), 424-450Detailed reference viewed: 9 (3 ULg)
Is wild boar heading towards movement ecology? A review of trends and gaps
Morelle, Kevin ; Lehaire, François ; Lejeune, Philippe
in Wildlife Biology (2014), 20(4), 196-205Detailed reference viewed: 10 (7 ULg)
Hartman Schedel, Liber Chronicarum, Nuremberg : Anton Koberger, pour Sebald Schreyer et Sebastian Kammermeister, 12 juillet 1493, 2°
Adam, Renaud
E-print/Working paper (2014)Detailed reference viewed: 20 (1 ULg)
The replication characteristics of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in the respiratory and conjunctival mucosa
; ; et al
in Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A (2014), 21Detailed reference viewed: 8 (4 ULg)
Olympiades mathématiques belges - Recueil de questions - Tome 8 (2011-2014)
Dupont, Pascal ;
Book published by SBPMef (2014)Detailed reference viewed: 21 (0 ULg)
The quest for rurality in Wallonia in 2013 (Belgium)
Schmitz, Serge
in Bokwa, Anita (Ed.) Changes, Challenges Responsability. IGU 2014 Book of Abstarcts. (2014, August)Detailed reference viewed: 16 (3 ULg)
Consequences of Selection for Environmental Impact Traits in Dairy Cows
Kandel, Purna Bhadra ; Vanderick, Sylvie ; Vanrobays, Marie-Laure et al
in Proceedings, 10th World Congress of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production (2014, August)
Genetic selection programs aiming to mitigate methane (CH4) emissions require the estimation of genetic correlations with other production and economical traits and predicted selection response. CH4 ... [more ▼]
Genetic selection programs aiming to mitigate methane (CH4) emissions require the estimation of genetic correlations with other production and economical traits and predicted selection response. CH4 intensity was predicted from Mid-infrared spectra of milk samples from Holstein cows. Genetic correlations between CH4 intensity and milk yield (MY) was -0.68, fat yield (FY) -0.13, protein yield (PY) -0.47, somatic cell score (SCS) 0.07, longevity 0.05, fertility 0.31, body condition score (BCS) 0.17. Adding 25% relative weight on CH4 intensity to the current Walloon selection index, the response to selection would reduce CH4 intensity by 24%, increase MY by 30%, FY by 17%, PY by 29%, SCS by -14%, longevity by 24% but also reduce fertility by 11% and BCS by 13%. In conclusion, environmental traits can be added without jeopardizing production traits, but energy balance related traits have to be protected. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 9 (0 ULg)
CROSSROADS le magazine sonore des musiques africaines-amé&ricaines
Sacré, Robert
Diverse speeche and writing (2014)
Programme radio hebdomadaire ( chaque mercredi de 18h à 20h) : musiques africaines-américaines sur Equinoxe FM 100.1 ; en streaming sur www.equinnoxefm.beDetailed reference viewed: 8 (0 ULg)
Diplomacia pública, ¿de la teoría a la práctica?: El caso de la Unión Europea en Brasil
Azpíroz Manero, María Luisa
Conference (2014, August)
El entusiasmo académico por la diplomacia pública no se refleja en una atención específica a la misma en las estrategias de política exterior de la Unión Europea (UE). Sin embargo, su presencia se revela ... [more ▼]
El entusiasmo académico por la diplomacia pública no se refleja en una atención específica a la misma en las estrategias de política exterior de la Unión Europea (UE). Sin embargo, su presencia se revela en múltiples iniciativas en las que los agentes no gubernamentales tienen un papel clave como receptores o actores: actividades de cooperación, de intercambio, informativas. La diplomacia pública es una actividad diplomática y de comunicación política internacional que busca influenciar a públicos extranjeros con el fin de contribuir al logro de objetivos de política exterior y/o generar una imagen positiva. Funciona como una herramienta efectiva para movilizar recursos de poder blando, un poder basado en la atracción y la persuasión que se produce de modo indirecto cuando los actores políticos movilizan recursos como la cultura, los valores, las instituciones y las estrategias de política exterior. Pese a la crisis económica, la UE conserva un gran potencial de poder blando. Por eso, y dada la relevancia de Brasil como socio prioritario en la región latinoamericana, este artículo investiga qué diplomacia pública ha desarrollado la UE en este país los últimos tres años, así como su correspondencia con el cuerpo teórico sobre esta actividad. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 22 (7 ULg)
The cerato-mandibular ligament: a key functional trait for grazing in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)
Olivier, Damien ; Frederich, Bruno ; et al
in Frontiers in Zoology (2014), 11(63), 1-14
Introduction: The success of a taxonomic group can be promoted by a key character that allows the group to interact with its environment in a different way and to potentially occupy new niches. The ... [more ▼]
Introduction: The success of a taxonomic group can be promoted by a key character that allows the group to interact with its environment in a different way and to potentially occupy new niches. The Pomacentridae possess a synapomorphic trait, the cerato-mandibular (c-md) ligament, which joins the hyoid bar to the inner part of the lower jaw. It has previously been shown that this ligament is a key trait in communication in damselfishes because it enables them to slam the oral jaws shut causing teeth collision and sound production. This specific behavior of mouth closing could, however, also be used for other tasks, such as feeding. Many territorial damselfishes are referred to as farmers, due to their ability to manage algal crops on which they feed. This study hypothesizes that the c-md ligament provides an advantage for grazing filamentous algae, and should thus be considered a key trait for farming behavior. Results: The kinematic patterns associated with sound production and biting filamentous algae or attached animal prey are all based on the same mechanism and are associated with a slam of the oral jaws. We observed that transection of the c-md ligaments makes the fish unable to perform such actions. We also counted biting rates on filamentous algae in fish with and without the c-md ligament and observed a drop of more than 80% in the latter. Conclusion: This study shows that the c-md ligament is a key trait both for sound production and for grazing activities in damselfishes. The buccal jaw slam enables the fish to perform accurate strikes on small filamentous algae. This kind of bite probably plays a major role in farming activity and allows grazing damselfishes to occupy distinct niches, possibly increasing their competitive evolutionary success. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 10 (4 ULg)
An AC OPF-based Heuristic Algorithm for Optimal Transmission Switching
; Wehenkel, Louis
in Proceedings of the 18th Power Systems Computation Conference (2014, August)
This paper focuses on reducing generators dispatch cost by means of transmission line switching. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) optimal power flow (OPF). A scalable ... [more ▼]
This paper focuses on reducing generators dispatch cost by means of transmission line switching. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) optimal power flow (OPF). A scalable heuristic algorithm is proposed to break-down the complexity of the problem due to the huge combinatorial space. The algorithm aims at providing the sequence of lines to be removed from service, one at the time, until no further decrease in the dispatch cost can be obtained. It identifies the line candidate for removal at each step by exploiting the (continuously relaxed values of) lines breaker statuses at the solution of a relaxed OPF problem. The algorithm thus relies on solving a sequence of OPF problems formulated as nonlinear programs (NLPs). The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on the IEEE118-bus system. Results show that the approach can provide good quality sub-optimal solutions with relatively small computational effort and by removing only few lines from service. [less ▲]Detailed reference viewed: 17 (0 ULg)


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Love, Laugh, and Eat: And Other Secrets of Longevity from the Healthiest People on Earth (Hardcover)
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PBS host, weight-loss expert, and renowned authority on longevity, Dr. John Tickell shares the secret to a long life: moderation. Moderation in everything except love, laughter, and fish (and a few vegetables ).
Based on common sense, sound science, and good food, Love, Laugh, and Eat is an easy-to-follow guide that will help put the bounce back in your step and add years to your life. With his characteristic wit and medical expertise, Dr. Tickell lays out his proven Activity, Coping, and Eating (ACE) program, which simultaneously works out your body, your brain, and your mouth--the three keys to a healthy life--through physical activity and stress-management techniques and his revolutionary Four Simple Rules of Nutrition. He also serves up a seven-day detoxification plan and a series of delicious, manageable, and satisfying meal plans that actually work, as well as his eight Fall-Safe Snacks to keep you energized morning, noon, and night.
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Interesting Info: Part XII (All Jackets-related "tidbits" in here)
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Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown read reports last week that the cancellation of the 2013 NHL All-Star Game will cost Columbus and central Ohio an estimated $12 million in revenue and $50 million in media exposure. That's just the All-Star Game, mind you. It does not take into account the 11 regular-season games that would have been held in Nationwide Arena were it not for the ongoing NHL lockout.
Brown, re-elected earlier this month after a contentious campaign, wants to do something about it.
The Dispatch has obtained a letter that will be sent later today from Brown's office to Karen Mills of the U.S. Small Business Administration in Washington, D.C. Brown's office said he's looking for ways to help business in and around the Arena District that have been hurt by the lockout, now in its 75th day.
It's unclear what form that help would take, but area business told The Dispatch last week that they've eliminated some positions and scaled back the working hours of others because the the loss of hockey home games has significantly curtailed crowds on weeknights.
Brown also wants to work with local leaders -- the Blue Jackets, the Greater Columbus Sports Commission, etc. -- to lobby the NHL for the 2015 NHL All-Star Game. (There likely won't be a 2014 All-Star Game because of the Olympics in Socchi, Russia.)
Truth should never get in the way of a good persecution complex.
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Answers related to 'is-this-time-to-invest-in-cals-refinery-or-wait'
Why I cant Sell This S*** I have 850000 Cals @ 1.03i want to book lose before Cals Refineries goes delist from BSE...but i cant able to sale this...??
Asked by Rajender Rathore, 19 Jun '09 11:07 am , 1 answers
U surely r an diot to invest this much amount in such loss making Co...wait for the fc and i think u woul be rich... more
Answered by Sandy C, 11 Mar '10 07:59 pm
Any good news about cals refinery? today it is in UC at 79 paise? has FC been achieved?
Asked by pratik, 25 May '09 11:18 am , 1 answers
Invest and forget for 3-5 years don't worry if it is going down or up. just wait. definately it will give extra ordery income.... more
Answered by LAKHAN, 26 Feb '10 04:07 pm
Shall i buy cals refinery shares or is it risky. i want to invest RS. 100000/-. please tell me what is the future of cals refineries after 2009 to 201
Asked by shaker, 22 Jan '09 12:52 am , 1 answers
As you know the production or refinery work has not yet started so the price is cheap the future is really bright but the operation will start in 2012... more
Answered by ASHOKSHARMA, 10 Jan '10 09:01 pm
Is the yesterday`s report of cals mou with bpcl true??????? please reply i am having 25000 shares@.70 should i wait or exit?
Asked by Gaurav , 19 Jun '09 02:27 pm , 1 answers
Hello GauravPlz visit www.multibaggerpennystocks.com for details on cals refinery and why you should not invest in Cals refineryFor more details you ... more
Answered by Ekansh Mittal, 20 Jun '09 11:02 pm
Guys what is happening in cals refinery? should we invest or not at the level of 60 paise?
Asked by sanjay, 16 Jun '09 11:04 am , 1 answers
It is in downtrend and severe debt with allegations of ketan parekh.Delisted from nse and rumors of delisting from bse.Better wait for an uptrend and ... more
Answered by Ashish C. Oberoi, 16 Jun '09 11:32 am
It is okay to buy cals refinery at 0.75 or wait? what is the prospectus?
Asked by madhukar, 21 May '09 10:43 am , 1 answers
Sir,What take profit in Rs. 0.75/-, Invest 7500/- & forget for 1 to 2 year, surly will get profit in 3 to 4 times.firm in commence production up to 2... more
Answered by subodh biswas, 21 May '09 11:51 am
is this time to invest in cals refinery or wait?
Asked by santosh, 13 Apr '09 11:04 am , 2 answers
Wait... more
Answered by dhanendra kumar jain, 13 Apr '09 11:09 am
I want to buy 20,000 shares of Cals refinery. Should I go ahead at 50 paise or wait? Do you think that it will again go to lower circuit till 20 paise
Asked by pratik, 25 Mar '09 12:50 pm , 1 answers
If you have MONEY to waste/Throw around, no worry. Why buy only 20, 000/-. Think of wasting...oops...buying 2 lakhs or even more, so, that ,in one str... more
Answered by Ramesh Chordia, 25 Mar '09 02:05 pm
I want to buy 20,000 shares of Cals refinery. Should I go ahead at 50 paise or wait?
Asked by pratik, 25 Mar '09 12:48 pm , 1 answers
If you have MONEY to waste/Throw around, no worry. Why buy only 20, 000/-. Think of wasting...oops...buying 2 lakhs or even more, so, that ,in one str... more
Answered by Ramesh Chordia, 25 Mar '09 02:06 pm
What is the future of people who have invested in this scrip at rs.4/- i am talking about cals refinery?
Asked by pratik, 30 Jan '09 05:09 pm , 1 answers
You just wait calm... more
Answered by dilipkmohan, 30 Jan '09 06:21 pm
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Hitachi Data Systems is pleased to sponsor an on-going monthly webcast forum where technical end-users can learn from HDS experts how to:
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Top 10 Business Trends Driving IT in 2015
December 10, 2014 (9am PT, 12pm ET)
The trends driving IT are really business requirements. To help the business transform, IT must become an architect and broker of business services. Mobility, cloud, social, and big data initiatives are accelerating adoption of unique storage solutions, hybrid technologies, and automation. This new world of IT will create an explosion of information. In 2015, IT will partner with the business to realize even greater potential.
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WEDNESDAY, May 28, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- A low-power laser can trigger stem cells in the body to repair teeth in mice, researchers report.
The laser prompted dental stem cells to form dentin, the hard material that is similar to bone and provides most of a tooth's structure.
The findings appear in the May 28 issue of Science Translational Medicine.
This research could lead to the development of noninvasive laser therapy that could dramatically change dental treatment, report the study authors.
This technique "does not introduce anything new to the body, and lasers are routinely used in medicine and dentistry, so the barriers to clinical translation are low," study leader David Mooney, a faculty member at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, said in a university news release.
"It would be a substantial advance in the field if we can regenerate teeth rather than replace them," added Mooney, who is also a professor of bioengineering at Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
This type of laser therapy may also prove useful in other cases that require tissue regeneration, such as wound healing and bone repair, according to the researchers.
"The scientific community is actively exploring a host of approaches to using stem cells for tissue regeneration efforts, and Dave and his team have added an innovative, noninvasive and remarkably simple but powerful tool to the toolbox," Wyss Institute Founding Director Dr. Don Ingber said in the news release.
While research involving animals often fails to provide similar results in humans, planning for clinical trials to test the laser therapy in people is underway.
More information
The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about dental health.
SOURCE: Harvard University, news release, May 28, 2014
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There's no dairy, no sugar, no grains (quinoa is a seed) and no animal products in these delicious vegan cookies. But before you start accusing me of sucking the joy right out of cookies (mmmm….cookie joy), just give 'em a try. They are moist, soft and nutty – in other words similar to your standard carnivorous cookies. One word of warning though, these aren't a chewy cookie. They are crumbly so make sure you eat them over a plate.
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text: A NEW HISTORICAL BASED POLICING ALGORITHM FOR IP NETWORKS Tarek M. Heggi1, Sherine M. Abd El-Kader2, Hussein S. Eissa 3, Hoda A. Baraka4 1 Assistant Researcher, Agricultural Research Center, Software &Hardware Maintenance Dept., Cairo, Egypt 2,3 Associate Professor, Electronics Research Institute, Computers and Systems Dept., Cairo, Egypt 4 Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Engineering Dept., Cairo University, Egypt ABSTRACT Development of QoS approaches has become mandatory to comply with the requirements of the new applications. Delay, loss, and jitter are the major and essential constraints to provide QoS, for example packet loss will cause chip and skips effects for voice traffic and also cause glitches and cutouts problems for video traffic. There are two policing algorithms developed by Cisco called Committed Access Rate (CAR) and Class-Based (CB). CAR is considered as a legacy approach to police traffic whereas CB is a newer configuration which is recommended by Cisco to be used for policing. This paper proposes a new policing algorithm; called Historical Based Token Bucket (HTB) algorithm. This paper also studies the impact of deploying HTB algorithm on real time traffic from the delay and losses point of view. The results of this paper concluded that the HTB algorithm reduces the losses by on average 72% and 99% less than the CB algorithm for different types of video and voice respectively, whereas the HTB algorithm increases the delay by about 4% and 9% more than the CB algorithm for different types of video and voice respectively. Keywords: Committed Access Rate, Class Based, Token Bucket, Integrated Services, Differentiated Services and Quality of Services. 1 INTRODUCTION provide high service level without congestion is by over-provisioning the network, but this approach has The startling growth of the Internet and the several disadvantages because it is not economical to flexibility of the IP-based packet switched networks build the network from outset that is designed to have expedited the convergence of data, voice and cope with all types of traffic. Each organization video communications into single IP-based core needs to build her network based on its needs, to architecture [1]. reduce the upfront capital investment and the resulting risk; also without the QoS capabilities, it is Development of QoS mechanisms are required to impossible for a service provider to offer service provide different levels of performance assurance, differentiation to customers, where services provided guaranteed bandwidth and packet delivery within are linked to the amount paid for this service. specific constraints to face scaling problems in the Internet infrastructure such as: the growth of the Integrated Services (IntServ) and Differentiated Internet users, growth in heterogeneity, and the Services (DiffServ) are the most popular QoS models distributed Internet administration. over the Internet. The IntServ is a QoS architecture The process of managing the network resources is that works on a small-scale network to determine the known as Traffic Engineering (TE), which concerned required level of service for each application [4]. The with performance optimization for the networks [2] IntServ model includes two types of service targeted and mapping traffic flow onto the physical topology towards real-time traffic; guaranteed and controlled- to enhance the overall network utilization and create load services. The DiffServ is an architecture that a uniform distribution for the traffic throughout the specifies a simple, scalable and coarse-grained network [3]. There are a lot of organizations that mechanism for classifying, managing network traffic have low speed links, so, this paper try to provide and providing QoS guarantees on different scales of them with the best usage solution for their bandwidth IP networks [4]. Every class of traffic enters the through applying HTB algorithm in the edge of their boundaries of the DiffServ network is assigned to network. The simplest and most obvious technique to different behavior aggregates at the core routers to Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 1 provide service differentiation for the aggregate traffic. Each behavior aggregate is identified by a Dropper single DiffServ Code Point (DSCP). Within the core of the network, packets are forwarded according to the per-hop behavior associated with that DSCP code Out-of- profile In- profile point [5]. The IntServ and DiffServ models are Packets Classifier Marker Meter working in the transport layer and they are based on different components such as classifier, marking, shaping and policing. One of the essential components in providing IntServ and DiffServ models is the traffic policing technique. Policing is Shaper the QoS component that limits traffic flow to a Out-of- profile configured bit rate, with limited bursting capability, packets above the specified burst rate are dropped or Figure (1): The QoS Components in the IP router have their precedence altered [6]. The meter measures the temporal properties of the This paper proposes a new traffic policing algorithm stream of packets selected by a classifier against a based on a single token bucket with two variables for traffic profile specified in the Service Level the token generation rate and the bucket size length Agreement (SLA) offered by the domain. A meter which are mainly based on the characteristics of the passes state information to other conditioning online traffic. The rest of the paper is organized as functions to trigger a particular action for each follows. Section 2 discusses the different QoS IP packet which is either in- or out-of-profile. Shaper models and presents some effort that had been done delays some or all of the packets in a traffic stream in to enhance the service level of the real time traffic. order to bring the stream into compliance with a Section 3 describes the traffic policing approach and traffic profile. A shaper usually has a finite-size the operation of the token bucket algorithm. Section buffer, and packets may be discarded if there is not 4 presents the new HTB algorithm. Section 5 sufficient buffer space to hold the delayed packets. discusses the obtained results. Finally, section 6 Dropper discards some or all of the packets in a summaries and concludes the paper. traffic stream in order to bring the stream into compliance with a traffic profile. This process is 2 QOS IN IP NETWORK known as "policing" the stream. Note that a dropper can be implemented as a special case of a shaper by QoS is a mechanism to assure that the traffic which setting the shaper buffer size to zero (or a few) traverse the Internet such as audio and video data; packets. will have minimum delay, loss and high throughput. If QoS is not supported, the IP voice or These QoS components are used in the two board videoconferencing calls will be unreliable, QoS categories, fine-grained which is represented in inconsistent, and often unsatisfactory. Customers and IntServ and coarse-grained which is represented in service providers have different requirements for DiffServ [8]. their QoS and it is interpreted in different ways. For example, QoS to service providers means the ability 2.1 Integrated Services to offer different grades of service so that they can charge their customers differently. The underlying The IntServ essentially defines an end-to-end factor for service providers is lower costs and pathway through the network for each application's increased revenue. In the case of customer, QoS has packets, which is similar to the Asynchronous other implications; it means good management for Transfer Mode (ATM). IntServ model provides a their links, improvement in application response time general framework that allows IP-based applications and priority in handling data traffic as a matter of to use multiple quality levels for their traffic flows policy or resource. To implement the QoS policies, [9]. Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) was the network hardware as the routers should have the designed by the IETF as one of the basic components capability for traffic conditioners. Traffic of the IntServ model. RSVP supports two service conditioners mean classifiers, meters, markers, classes: guaranteed service class for applications shapers, and droppers [7]. Traffic conditioners are with fixed delay bound and controlled-load service usually located within DiffServ boundary nodes i.e., for application that require reliable and enhanced ingress and egress nodes. Figure (1) illustrates the best-effort service. In the guaranteed service class, traffic conditioners. The classifier selects packets in routers forward packets strictly within the delay a traffic stream based on the content of some portion bounds specified by the receiver. The controlled-load of the packet header. The marker sets the DSCP service provides a QoS level equivalent to a best- value of each packet; effectively mark it to a effort service under unloaded or moderately loaded particular behavior aggregate. Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 2 network conditions. RSVP soft state is created and 3 TRAFFIC POLICING APPROACH periodically refreshed by Path and Resv messages. The Path message contains the specifications of data Traffic policing meters network traffic for traffic when the Path message eventually reaches the conformity with a traffic contract and if required, destination end-points the receivers may choose to dropping traffic to enforce compliance with that send Resv message to the network, in the direction of contract. The following subsections demonstrate two the sender contains the desired QoS. The main mechanisms for traffic policing which based on the drawback of the IntServ model is that both of the token bucket algorithm. flow classes and the reservation techniques is not scalable due to the expense of high signaling load 3.1 The Token Bucket Algorithm resulting in the network [10]. Traffic policing elements comprise a meter and a 2.2 Differentiated Services dropper. They may also optionally include a marker. Token bucket is a common scheme used to measure DiffServ model tries to solve the scalability problem the traffic. It is used in both the policing and shaping of IntServ structure by separating the role of algorithms as a means to report whether a packet is boundary nodes from that of the core nodes [11]. compliant or noncompliant with the rate parameters DiffServ alleviates the complexity in core routers by configured for it [15]. Figure (2) shows a simple assigning all complex processing such as flows diagram for token bucket algorithm. classification and traffic dimensioning to edge routers. In the backbone, forwarding Per-Hop Behaviors (PHB) are defined, namely, Expedited Rg Forwarding (EF) and Assured-Forwarding (AF) [12]. Incoming PHB defines the policy and priority applied to a Bc Packet packet when traversing a hop in a DiffServ network. (P) EF PHB is to provide a building block for low loss, low delay, and low jitter services. AF proposes P > Bc simple mark and drop mechanisms to realize IP QoS No and provides better than best-effort service by controlling the drop preference of the packets at the Yes time of congestion. DiffServ model solves the scalability problem in the core network therefore, it Drop/Remark/Transmit Transmit is better for the application than IntServ model, but it with low priority cannot provide perfect QoS because it doesn't support the function to guarantee QoS for each flow. Figure 2: The Token Bucket Algorithm 2.3 Related Work The token bucket consists of a bucket with a Paper [13] proposes an adaptive token bucket maximum capacity of Bc tokens which refills at a algorithm for achieving proportional sharing of rate Rg tokens per second, each token typically bandwidth among aggregate flows in DiffServ represents a quantity of whatever resource is being networks. The author of the paper states that the rate limited. The bucket contains tokens, each of aggregate flow with a lower target rate occupies which can represent a unit of bytes or a single packet more bandwidth than its fair share, while the of predetermined size. Token bucket main aggregate flow with a higher target rate gets less than parameters are token arrival rate R g , bucket depth Bc, its fair share. So this paper proposed an algorithm and time interval T. The bucket can hold Bc tokens. that solves this unfairness problem by adjusting the If a token arrives when the bucket is full, it is target rate according to the edge-to-edge feedback discarded. When a packet of P bytes arrives, an information. But unfortunately, this proposed equivalent number of tokens are removed from the algorithm only supports the TCP traffic. In [14] an bucket, and the packet is sent to the network. If less algorithm has been adapted to assign the optimal than the number of the available tokens, no tokens values for tokens to the individual long live TCP are removed from the bucket, and the packet is flows in DiffServ networks. The optimization considered to be non-conformant. The algorithm process inside the algorithm is based on Genetic allows bursts of up to Bc bytes, but over the long run Algorithm (GA) approach which was deployed using the output of conformant packets is limited to the C++ simulator. The results of the simulation constant rate R g . Non-conformant packets can be concluded that the values of tokens will be varied treated in various ways: dropped, queued for according to the incoming rate of application. subsequent transmission when sufficient tokens are accumulated in the bucket, or marked as being non- Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 3 conformant, possibly to be dropped subsequently if 4 THE HISTORICAL BASED TOKEN the network is overloaded. BUCKET ALGORITHM Any two values of the token bucket may be derived The following subsections describe the from the third by the relation presented in equation operation sequence of the traffic policing approach (1) [16]. and the design of the HTB algorithm �������� ���������������� 4.1 Traffic Policing Approach ����(������������) = (����) ���������������� �������� ������������ The studied experiment is based on capturing and measuring different voice and video Internet traffic by using Wireshark measurement tool [18] 3.2 CAR and CB Policers then classifying the traffic into different classes depend on their characteristic by using the HTB This paper pays attention to the policing techniques developed tool as shown in figure (3) which is based that are used in the traffic conditioner components. on the application port number. The HTB tool has The two primary mechanisms for traffic policing in been developed by using C Sharp (C#) to convert the Cisco IOS are CAR and CB policers [17]. collected raw captured voice and video traffic to Comma separated values (CSV) structured format, CAR has two QoS functions: bandwidth check the source IP that initiates the traffic to management through policing, and packet confirm that these packets belong to a specific source classification through IP precedence, QoS group, or IP address and a specific streaming server, and to set IP access list. Classification in CAR is applied on the values of the class name, token bucket size, token interfaces for all IP traffic. There are two actions for generation rate, and the update interval depend on conforming and non-conforming traffic which are the classification process of the real time traffic. The named as follows "conform" and "exceed". CAR HTB tool has been designed to study the uses a single token bucket for both normal and discrepancies between both of the CB and HTB maximum burst. During the operation of traffic algorithms. It should be noted that the experiment is measurement in CAR, it replenishes bucket done for one hour and the measured traffic has been continuously every time interval by adding the size collected during the working hour for six months. of conform tokens to the bucket. CB is implemented by using the modular QoS Command Line Interface (CLI) by configuring a service policy. There are three actions for conforming, non-conforming traffic, and violating traffic which are named as follows "conform", "exceed", and "violate". CB uses two token buckets the first one for normal burst while the second one for the maximum burst. During the operation of traffic measurement in CB, it replenishes tokens in bucket in response to police a packet as opposed to every time interval in seconds. The most significant functional difference between CAR and CB is the using of the two-bucket mechanism. The token bucket algorithm provides users with three actions for each packet: a conform action, an exceed action, and a violate action. Traffic entering the interface with traffic policing configured is placed into one of these categories. Within these three categories, users can decide packet treatments. For instance, packets that conform can be configured to be transmitted; packets that exceed can be configured to be sent with a decreased priority; and Figure 3: Historical Token Bucket Tool packets that violate can be configured to be dropped therefore, Cisco recommended the using of CB and the avoiding of using CAR, for which no new 4.2 Historical Based Token Bucket Algorithm features or functionality is planned. The new Historical based Token Bucket (HTB) algorithm uses a single token bucket algorithm, traffic should be transmitted based on the presence of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 4 tokens in this bucket, each token represent a given The data rate of the previous interval time equals the number of bytes, which is assumed to be one byte in total lengths of packets through this interval divided our implementation, and the bucket can hold up to Bc by the interval time. tokens. Traffic is allowed to transmit up to its peak burst rate if there are adequate tokens in the bucket N Rs = 2 and if the burst threshold is configured appropriately, D figure (4) demonstrates the operation of the HTB algorithm. When a packet of p bytes arrives, p tokens Where: are removed from the bucket, and the packet is allowed to be sending to the network. If less than p Rs is the sender data rate (bit per seconds), tokens are available in the bucket, no tokens are N is the total number of bytes that have been removed from the bucket, and the packet will be transmitted (bytes), discarded. The main differences between the D is the duration of the specified period (seconds). proposed HTB algorithm and the traditional token bucket which is used in the CB algorithm are: first, After calculating R s , the R g is calculated which in the HTB algorithm the value of the token represent the value of the token generation rate. R g is generation rate is changed every update interval based on the amount of the available bandwidth C. depending on the traffic characteristic, the update interval also is varying from one second until it i=n reaches its maximum at 25 seconds. Second, in the if Rs > C 3 HTB algorithm the size of the token bucket is also i=1 changed depending on the traffic characteristic. Where i is the total number of connections. Arrival of the Then, first packet R g = (Pd × R s ) (4) Bc > P Transmit Where, Pd is the ratio between the total number of Discard data rate of the senders to the capacity of the Internet Calculate Current Bc packet link. For each P arrival epoch TRs Pd = (5) C Calculate New Bc Where ������������ is the total data rate that consumed by all senders in the previous interval. Discard Current packet On the other hand Bc > P i=n Transmit if Rs ≤ C (6) i=1 After the update interval time Then, Calculate Rs, Rg, Bc Rg = Rs (7) Figure 4: The Historical Based Token Bucket Algorithm. For each period both of the Rg and Bc values are calculated based on the historical data of the At the beginning of the session the Bc start values in previous period and then they are used as a new both CB and HTB algorithms are the same for the values for the next period. The simulation study first iteration of the update interval. In the next gradually increases the updating interval from 1 to iteration Bc is calculated based on the behavior of the 25 seconds to study the effect of modifying the voice and video traffic, as indicated in equation (1). update interval. At each iteration, the sender data rate R s , the token generation rate (R g ) and the token bucket depth (Bc) For the each packet, the tokens generation is will be recalculated based on the traffic characteristic calculated as the follows: variation, as shown in equations (1), (2) and (4). Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 5 New tokens = parameters have been measured by using Wireshark ( the arrival time of the current packet network analyzer tool. – the arrival time of the new packet) × R g 8 Table 1: The traffic characteristics for different 8 traces. The bucket size is calculated as follows: Avg. data No. of Avg. Packet Trace Type rate Packets size (bytes) (bytes/sec) Bc current = Bc − P (9) Al Jazeera 23601 1194 7828 Video Traces For the voice traffic, the value of �������� is calculated as follows El-Hayat 46121 1381 17682 USA Bc = P (10) Fighting 24969 1366 9478 Sports For the video traffic, the value of �������� is calculated as BBC follows RADIO3 31372 974 8488 Classical Voice Traces Bc = ∑P (11) Music BBC RADIO5 29475 697 5704 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION News Jungle DNP 44014 1361 16643 Radio The following subsections illustrate the attribute of the traffic that has been collected, and results of both video and voice traces. 5.1 Effect of HTB Algorithm on Video Traffic 5.1 Characteristics of Captured Traffic The effect of applying both of the HTB and CB algorithms on the performance of different video The main objective of this paper is to analyze the traffic is shown in figures (5) and (6). Figure (5) results of deploying the HTB and CB algorithms on demonstrates that by applying the HTB algorithm on various types of traffic to study the influence of the Al-Jazeera, El-Hayat, and the Fighting video applying the two algorithms on the losses and delay traffic, the number of lost bytes is reduced by of the both of them. To achieve this objective, three approximately 84.7%, 99.9%, and 30.4% different video traces and three different voice traces respectively than that obtained by applying the CB have been collected with taking into considerations algorithm. Also it could be shown, that there is a that they have different characteristics. The first variation in the amount of the dropped bytes from the video trace is a news channel for Al Jazeera channel. first second to the twenty five second for all video The second video trace is a social program channel traffic especially for the Fighting sports channel and for El-Hayat channel. The third video trace is a sport this is due to the variation in the characteristics of channel for fighting channel. The first voice trace is that traffic during different period. classical world music for BBC radio channel. The second voice trace is British Broadcasting In Al-Jazeera video traffic as an example, the total Corporation (BBC) radio news. The third voice trace number of bytes that transmitted over the network is Jungle Drum and Pass channel for Jungle DNB during one hour is approximately equals to 25 radio channel. Mbytes, the CB algorithm dropped a fixed number of bytes which is 1.5 Mbytes during the entire duration As shown in table (1), the average packet sizes of the whereas the HTB algorithm drop about 906.8 Kbytes. three video traces are 1194, 1381, and 1366 bytes The HTB algorithm could decrease the number of respectively. The average packet sizes of three voice dropped packet to about 307 Kbytes at the update traces are 974, 697, and 1361 bytes respectively. The interval of 25 seconds. It should be noted that at the average data rates of three video traces are 62.6, first second of the learning period the amount of the 141.5, and 75.8 Kbps respectively. The average dropped bytes in the HTB algorithm is very close to packet sizes of three voice traces are 67.9, 45.6, and the CB algorithm and this is lead us to the fact that 133.1 Kbps respectively. The number of packets in one second is not sufficient for the token bucket to video traces ranges from 23601 to 46121 packets, on obtain the accurate values that describes the behavior the other hand, it ranges from 29475 to 44014 of traffic. packets in the voice traces. The above mentioned Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 6 Al Jazeera - CB Figure (7) illustrates the effect of applying both of Al Jazeera - HTB El-Hayat - CB the HTB and CB algorithms on the performance of El-Hayat - HTB 3000 USA Fighting Sports - CB different voice traffic. It could be shown that the USA Fighting Sports - HTB 2500 HTB algorithm reduces the number of dropped bytes Losses (Kbytes) by on average 99.8% less than the CB algorithm for 2000 all studied voice traffic types. It should be clear that 1500 the total number of transmitted bytes for the BBC 1000 RADIO5 News is equals to 40 Mbytes, the CB 500 algorithm dropped about 2.7 Mbytes whereas the 0 HTB algorithm only dropped about 74 Kbytes, which means that the HTB algorithm studies well the 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 Update Intervals (Sec) behavior of the traffic during their transmitted time and this study lead to less losses percentage than that Figure 5: Losses of Video traffic for CB and HTB of the CB algorithm; which doesn't care about the algorithms characteristic of the traffic. Figure (6) illustrates the effect of applying the HTB Figure (8) demonstrates that the delay of the HTB and CB algorithms on the delay of the Al-Jazeera, algorithm is higher than the delay of the HTB El-Hayat, and the Fighting video traffic, the delay of algorithm by 6.2%, 7.4%, and 20% for the BBC the HTB algorithm is higher than the CB algorithm RADIO3 Classical Music, BBC RADIO5 News and by only 5.5% for Al-Jazeera, and 3.7% for both El- Jungle DNP Radio traffic respectively, and this is Hayat and the Fighting video traffic. due to the delay resulting from the learning time. In Jungle DNB Radio as an example, the total number El-Hayat - CB El-Hayat - HTB of bytes that assumed to be transmitted equals to Al Jazeera - CB 118Mbytes. In the CB algorithm the total number of Al Jazeera - HTB USA Fighting Sports - CB dropped bytes is a fixed number equals to 19.7 140 USA Fighting Sports - HTB Mbytes during the entire duration, in the HTB the number of dropped bytes are on average equals to Avg. Delay (Sec.) 120 100 1.2 Mbytes. 80 60 Jungle DNP Radio - CB Jungle DNP Radio - HTB 40 BBC RADIO5 - CB 20 BBC RADIO5 - HTB 0 300 BBC RADIO3 - CB BBC RADIO3 -HTB 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 Avg. Delay (Sec.) 250 Update Intervals (Sec) 200 Figure 6: Delay of Video Traffic for CB and HTB 150 algorithms 100 5.2 Effect of HTB Algorithm on Voice Traffic 50 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 BBC RADIO3 - CB Update Intervals (Sec) BBC RADIO3 - HTB BBC RADIO5 - CB BBC RADIO5 - HTB Jungle DNP Radio - CB Figure 8: Delay of Voice Traffic for CB and HTB 20000 Jungle DNP Radio - HTB algorithms Losses (kbytes) 16000 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 12000 This paper proposes a dynamic QoS approach for 8000 both the customers and the ISPs that provide a good 4000 utilization for their bandwidth. It studies the impact of deploying the HTB algorithm on different real 0 time streams from losses and delay point of views. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 Update Intervals (Sec) The paper also compares the proposed algorithm with the well known Cisco policing algorithm which Figure 7: Losses of Voice Traffic for CB and HTB is known as CB. The experimental results have lead algorithms to two conclusions, firstly, the losses in HTB algorithm is less than the CB algorithm by on Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 7 average 84.7% in case of Al-Jazeera video stream, [6] P. Fouliras and C. Georgiadis: On the Reduction 99.9% in case of El-Hayat video stream and 30.4% of Congestion for Multimedia Streaming in Diffserv in case of US Fighting video stream whereas, the Networks, Univ. of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, 5th delay in HTB algorithm is more than the CB International Conference on Technology and algorithm by 5.5% in case of Al-Jazeera video Automation (ICTA'05), Greece, pp. 312-317 (2005). stream, 3.7% in case of El-Hayat video stream and [7] Cisco Inc: Deploying Cisco QoS For Enterprise the US Fighting video stream. The HTB algorithm Networks", Chapter 7, Policing and Shaping, reduces the losses up to 100% in case of BBC published by Element K Content LLC, (2004) RADIO3 voice stream, 99.7% in case of BBC [8] A. Farrel, A, Gerald, D. Bruce, E, John: RADIO5 voice stream and the Jungle DNP Radio Network Quality of Services, Morgan Kufman, voice stream whereas, the delay in HTB algorithm is (2008). more than the CB algorithm by 6.2% in case of BBC [9] M. Lee, K. Kim, C. Park, and J. Oh: A traffic RADIO3 voice stream, 7.4% in case of BBC control system to manage bandwidth usage in IP RADIO5 voice stream and 20% in case of Jungle networks supporting Differentiated Service," Korea, DNP Radio voice stream. Also it should be (2001). mentioned that the HTB algorithm does not require [10] B. Gaidioz,, P. Primet,: The Equivalent more processing than the CB and it an adaptive Differentiated Services Model, (2002). algorithm that can be suitable for several types of [11] X. Xiao, A. Hannan, and B. Bailey: Traffic Internet traffic. Engineering with MPLS in the Internet," IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 14, (2000). Secondly, the update interval, which is the online [12] S. Manjanatha, R. Barto: Integrating time that taken to study the characteristic of the Differentiated Services with ATM" published by traffic and to set the HTB parameters, is variable and Springer Netherlands, Volume 19, Numbers 3-4, pp depending on the traffic type. This paper recommend 403-423(2002) to set the value of the update interval to 25 seconds [13] E. Park and C. Choi: Adaptive Token Bucket for the studied video traffic, this value decreases the Algorithm for Fair Bandwidth Allocation in DiffServ losses value approximately to 72% and increases the Networks", Seoul National University, Seoul, delay by only 4% than the CB algorithm. Also it KOREA ,Global Telecommunications Conference, recommend to set the value of the update interval to Volume 6, Issue , PP. 3176 – 3180 (2003) 12 seconds for the studied voice traffic, this value [14] S.Sudha, N. Ammasaigounden :Adaptive Token decreases the losses value up to 99% and increases Allocation Algorithm For Enhancing The Fairness the delay by 9% than the CB algorithm. Among Long Live TCP Flows In Diffserv, (2008) [15] S. Vegesna: IP Quality of Service, Cisco Press, In the future, more sophisticated classification (2001) technique which uses data mining algorithm is [16] J. Cao, W. S. Cleveland, D. Lin, D. X. Sun: required to improve the accuracy of the HTB results. Internet Traffic Tends Toward Poisson and Independent as the Load Increases, Springer, New York, (2002). 7 REFERENCES [17] M. Flannagan,: Administering Cisco QOS for IP Networks ,Syngress ( 2001). [1] C. Chuah: Scalable Framework for IP-Network [18] C. Sanders: Practical Packet Analysis: Using Resource Provisioning through Aggregation and Wireshark to Solve Real-World Network Problems, Hierarchical Control, PhD thesis, University of No Starch Press, (2007). California, (2001). [2] X. Xiao, A. Hannan, B. Bailey, and L.M. Ni: Traffic Engineering with MPLS in the Internet, IEEE Network Magazine, No. 14(2), pp. 28-33, (2000) [3] J. A. Zubairi and W. Al-Khateeb: MPLS Managing the New Internet, Bulletin of Institution of Engineers Malaysia, BIL, No.12, pp. 30-38 (2003). [4] J. Evans, C. Filsfils: Deploying IP and MPLS QoS for Multiservice Networks Theory and Practice, Academic Press, (2007). [5]N. Zotos; G. Xilouris, E. Pallis, A. Kourtis: An MPLS-DiffServ experimental core network infrastructure for E2E QoS content delivery" Computer Systems and Applications, IEEE/ACS International Conference on Volume , Issue PP: 947 – 951 (2008). Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal 8


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Writer: Red5
Date:Tuesday November 6 2012
Time: 12:00PM
Ferrari and Fernando Alonso came to the desert hoping that an improved performance in qualifying would put Alonso in with a chance of winning this Grand Prix.
But it was fairly evident from early on during Friday's practice sessions that the Ferrari's would remain off the pace of both the McLaren's and more critically the Red Bull's.
Alonso and Massa both struggling in the final session of qualifying with Massa taking ninth and Alonso seventh almost a second slower than pole sitter Lewis Hamilton.
In all three free practice sessions, we were always around this position, so it would have been too optimistic to hope for more in Q3: a place between fifth and eighth was within our expectations going into the session and thats where we are. I did almost the same time on three occasions between Q2 and Q3, which means there was nothing more to come. I am pleased with the work we have done today, because we squeezed every last drop of performance out of the car. The updates we brought here have improved our performance but the others have not been relaxing on the sofa watching television while twiddling their thumbs...Usually, Saturday is the day we suffer the most, while on Sunday things always go better: lets hope that will also be the case this time. Its also true that with so little tyre degradation, the strategic choices are much more limited and so too the opportunities to make up places. We know that in the three remaining races, we must score fourteen points more than Vettel and that is our one and only objective. the Spaniard told formula1.com on Saturday evening.
That objective appeared to take a significant boost later on on Saturday evening with Vettel's disqualified from qualifying due to a fuel infringement.
Alonso started the race knowing that this would be his best opportunity to close the gap on the title leader.
His start was excellent, getting past the McLaren of Jenson Button before completing a crucial pass on the Red Bull of Mark Webber before the end of the first lap.
Following the pit stop phase, Alonso had also got past the Williams of Pastor Maldonado who had enjoyed a good first stint and then the retirement of McLaren's Lewis Hamilton bumped Alonso up to an unexpected second place.
He briefly threatened to challenge the Lotus of Kimi Raikonnen for the race lead, but in the end Alonso settled for the 18 points on offer from finishing second.
The Spaniard had successfully eaten into the lead of Vettel, but with Red Bull driver surprisingly joining him on the podium, Alonso could have been forgiven for wishing for a bit more this weekend.
Im happy with the way this weekend turned out. Its true that with Sebastian last, there was an opportunity to reduce the gap more significantly but its equally true that our performance and our grid position could have seen us lose points in this Grand Prix. I repeat, they have the quicker car, we have the better team. Everyone fights with the weapons they have at their disposal: we will not manage to turn our car into the quickest of the pack with a wave of a magic wand, but we will counter their performance with the perfection of our team.
Date:Tuesday November 6 2012
Time: 12:00PM
Ferrari announce third team principal of 2014 (Tuesday November 25 2014)
Audio: Abu Dhabi Recap (Tuesday November 25 2014)
Mercedes and Hamilton to re-open contract talks (Tuesday November 25 2014)
Alonso's new project will challenge Mercedes (Tuesday November 25 2014)
Force India confirm Perez place (Tuesday November 25 2014)
Wolff praises Mercedes team-mates (Monday November 24 2014)
Greatest day for Hamilton (Monday November 24 2014)
Rosberg wins friends in defeat (Monday November 24 2014)
Blog: Abu Dhabi GP Report (Sunday November 23 2014)
Lewis Hamilton - 2014 Formula One World Champion (Sunday November 23 2014)
2014 - Abu Dhabi - Race (Sunday November 23 2014)
Blog: Abu Dhabi Qualifying (Saturday November 22 2014)
Red Bull DQ'd from Abu Dhabi Qualifying (Saturday November 22 2014)
2014 - Abu Dhabi - Qualifying (Saturday November 22 2014)
2014 - Abu Dhabi - FP3 (Saturday November 22 2014)
2014 - Abu Dhabi - FP2 (Friday November 21 2014)
2014 - Abu Dhabi - FP1 (Friday November 21 2014)
Audio: Hamilton v Rosberg - The Decider (Friday November 21 2014)
Caterham receive helping hand from Bernie (Thursday November 20 2014)
Grosjean to remain with Lotus (Thursday November 20 2014)
Bianchi 'out of coma' (Wednesday November 19 2014)
McLaren delay line-up announcement (Wednesday November 19 2014)
Ecclestone to hold talks with teams (Wednesday November 19 2014)
Force India hands Palmer chance to impress (Wednesday November 19 2014)
Chilton to join Caterham? (Tuesday November 18 2014)
Carlos Sainz Jr to test for Red Bull (Tuesday November 18 2014)
Kobayashi retains seat for Abu Dhabi (Monday November 17 2014)
Formula One Prediction Competition - Round 19 (Monday November 17 2014)
Who will win in Abu Dhabi? (Monday November 17 2014)
Caterham will return in Abu Dhabi (Friday November 14 2014)
Wolff plays down engine war fears (Friday November 14 2014)
Honda to debut new engine (Friday November 14 2014)
Ericsson terminates Caterham deal (Thursday November 13 2014)
Button not chasing big bucks (Wednesday November 12 2014)
Horner threatens engine war (Wednesday November 12 2014)
Alonso to sign £25million deal (Tuesday November 11 2014)
Crowd-fund project set to give Caterham reprieve (Tuesday November 11 2014)
Lowdon still fighting for former Marussia team (Tuesday November 11 2014)
F1 politics overshadow Brazilian Grand Prix (Monday November 10 2014)
Record setting day for Mercedes (Monday November 10 2014)
Hamilton reflective (Monday November 10 2014)
Fantastic weekend for Rosberg (Monday November 10 2014)
Blog: Brazilian GP Report (Monday November 10 2014)
2014 - Brazil - Race (Sunday November 9 2014)
Blog: Interlagos Qualifying (Sunday November 9 2014)
2014 - Brazil - Qualifying (Saturday November 8 2014)
2014 - Brazil - FP3 (Saturday November 8 2014)
2014 - Brazil - FP2 (Friday November 7 2014)
Marussia cease trading (Friday November 7 2014)
2014 - Brazil - FP1 (Friday November 7 2014)
Double points is artificial says Rosberg (Friday November 7 2014)
Button on the brink (Friday November 7 2014)
All change at Sauber as Nasr joins (Thursday November 6 2014)
Caterham aiming for Abu Dhabi return (Thursday November 6 2014)
Formula One's financial crisis (Wednesday November 5 2014)
Double points could overshadow season for Wolff (Wednesday November 5 2014)
Vergne gets backing from within Toro Rosso (Tuesday November 4 2014)
Blog: The perils of the Party of Five (Tuesday November 4 2014)
Ericsson makes Sauber switch (Tuesday November 4 2014)
Blog: United States GP Report (Tuesday November 4 2014)
Alonso edges closer to McLaren return (Monday November 3 2014)
Hamilton proud to hold British record (Monday November 3 2014)
Perez handed seven-place grid drop (Monday November 3 2014)
Rosberg not giving up on title quest (Monday November 3 2014)
Vergne demoted to tenth (Monday November 3 2014)
Formula One Prediction Competition - Round 18 (Monday November 3 2014)
Who will win in Brazil? (Monday November 3 2014)
2014 - United States - Race (Sunday November 2 2014)
Blog: Austin Qualifying (Sunday November 2 2014)
2014 - United States - Qualifying (Saturday November 1 2014)
2014 - United States - FP3 (Saturday November 1 2014)
2014 - United States - FP2 (Friday October 31 2014)
2014 - United States - FP1 (Friday October 31 2014)
FIA question 'economic balance' in F1 (Friday October 31 2014)
No new information on Bianchis condition (Friday October 31 2014)
Vettel prepared for engine penalty (Thursday October 30 2014)
Gap is too big in F1 says Fernandes (Thursday October 30 2014)
Button would welcome Alonso challenge (Wednesday October 29 2014)
Switch to Mercedes good for Lotus (Wednesday October 29 2014)
Marussia could be saved (Tuesday October 28 2014)
Ferrari and Mercedes at loggerheads (Monday October 27 2014)
Formula One Prediction Competition - Round 17 (Monday October 27 2014)
Marussia go into administration (Monday October 27 2014)
Who will win the US Grand Prix? (Monday October 27 2014)
Caterham & Marussia to miss US Grand Prix (Saturday October 25 2014)
Five-year plan for Haas? Survival (Friday October 24 2014)
Caterham saga: Fernandes hits out (Friday October 24 2014)
Caterham on brink of turmoil (Thursday October 23 2014)
Sam Michael to quit F1 (Thursday October 23 2014)
Caterham Sports Limited placed into Administration (Wednesday October 22 2014)
Kubica considers surgery in bid for F1 return (Wednesday October 22 2014)
Hulkenberg to stay with Force India (Tuesday October 21 2014)
Pirelli change selection for Brazil (Tuesday October 21 2014)
Blog: Mercedes reaps what it sows (Monday October 20 2014)
Raikkonen will end F1 career with Ferrari (Monday October 20 2014)
Vettel set to pay the penalty (Friday October 17 2014)
Caterham remain bullish (Friday October 17 2014)
Rosberg can swing momentum (Thursday October 16 2014)
Di Montezemolo confirms Alonso's Ferrari exit (Thursday October 16 2014)
Lotus dump Renault for Mercedes (Wednesday October 15 2014)
|The Fear
|Push The Button
|The Intimidator


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Columbia Public Schools, Columbia, Missouri (MO), is a GCI, Silver EHS Certified school serves more than 18,000 students and is accredited with Distinction by the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, having four high schools, six middle schools, and nineteen elementary schools. CPS has implemented PC4HS in 5 schools to date with full implementation to be completed in 2015.
On October 1, 2014, CSI International earned their Environmental Health Services Gold Certification from the Green Clean Institute™ (GCI). GCI is an international, third party certification organization certifying healthier indoor environments through accredited educational programs and facility certifications.
Around this time last year, I was interviewed for "The Green Cleaning Magazine". Here is the link to the questions and comments. Oh, why am I bringing up something from a year ago...because it is still true!
If you have some thoughts you would like to add, please write to me; firstname.lastname@example.com
ChemTron by Cintas HVAC Cleaning Service combines energy saving technology with the service you trust.
The ChemTron process uses proprietary, state-of-the-art products and chemicals based on 20 years of chemical refinements. And Cintas brings a national presence with highly trained, professional technicians — all Cintas employees.
This month, 20 staff members at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri went through the GCI Tech class on their way to earning Silver EHS status for CMU.
Derry Wiswall, Director of Plant Operations, was on hand for the 8 hour educational session. "The educational experience that Davids' course provided to our custodians gave them a completely new look at the world of environmental health professionals", says Derry. He continues, " The course is an exciting new approach to healther, higher education green cleaning standards."
In the cleaning industry staff members continually hear about the next 'Training' session and immediately turn off. So what is the difference between the two and how do you get staff members to stop and listen? Educate them!
It should also be noted that not every person will retain everything placed in the instruction, so this is why there has to be continual education sessions provided prior to the 'trainings'.
Education and Training Meanings
Green Clean Institute Inc receives 2013 Missouri Excellence Award
February 19th 2014 - Green Clean Institute Inc has been selected for the 2013 Missouri Excellence Award amongst all its peers and competitors by the US Institute for Excellence in Commerce (USIEC).
The Foundation for Accredited Learning (FAL) has awarded third-party accreditation to new course providers in the environmental, health & safety fields. These providers are now listed in the searchable FAL provider database at
No matter how hard you try to make sure you are following the best and most honorable practices, it seems there are always individuals who believe they can step to the side and do whatever they want.
Articles by Dave Thompson


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If you have any questions or problems with the league statistics contact:
League Admin
Rapid City outlasts Denver, 4-2
Denver Coliseum Sat, Oct 27, 2012
Story by Narrative Science.
The game between Rapid City and the Denver Cutthroats was tight through all 60 minutes, but in the end Rapid City emerged with a 4-2 win.
Each team kept the other at bay throughout the game, and Jarrett Konkle secured the win for Rapid City with a goal in the third period.
Rapid City relied on a core group of players for most of its offense, as Jared Brown, Scott Wray and Rusty Masters took 16 of the team's 29 shots.
More assists for Rapid City came via Damian Surma, who had two and Riley Weselowski, Jordan Baker, Alex Penner, and Michael Couch, who each chipped in one.
Denver's offense rang up 35 shots on Rapid City's net.
The Cutthroats were led by Troy Schwab, who had two goals. Schwab scored the first of his two goals on the power play at 15:39 into the second period to make the score 1-1. Denver earned a power play opportunity when Penner was put in the box for cross checking. Kyle Quincey picked up the assist. Schwab's next tally on the power play made the score 2-1 Denver with 3:31 left in the second period. Markus Lauridsen assisted on the tally. Other players who recorded assists for Denver were Luke Fulghum and Steve Makway, who contributed one a piece.
Rapid City's Tim Boron stopped 33 shots out of the 35 that he faced. Rapid City incurred 10 minutes in penalty time with five minors. Kent Patterson made 25 saves for the Cutthroats on 29 shots. Denver incurred 10 minutes in penalty time with five minors.


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Holiday Shipping Recommendations »
This Greco Thuxury 9FIFTY® Strapback cap features an embroidered logo at front, a stitched New Era® flag at wearer's left side and a strapback closure for an adjustable fit. Interior includes branded taping and a moisture absorbing sweatband.
- Style: 20556248
- Color: Burgundy/Black
- Made of 100% Cotton, Woven
- Strapback
Crooks & Castle Greco Thuxury 9FIFTY Strapback Cap
Made of 100% Cotton, Woven — Burgundy/Black
$35.00was $38.00
no sizes available


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Go to account.nokia.com, sign in with your Nokia account and select Purchase history to confirm the duplicate charge. Please contact Nokia Care, quoting the receipt numbers for both transactions.
Nokia Lumia 820 - I was charged twice for a download from MixRadio.
Related FAQs
- NFC pairing of the Wireless Charging Plate (DT-903) is not working Device Hub, what can I do?
- Which Microsoft and Nokia branded accessories have special support in Device Hub?
- Can I zoom the images with PhotoBeamer app?
- What should I check if push notifications for XYZ third party apps not coming or coming late after Lumia Cyan update?
- Why do I get error "Video could not be decoded" when streaming video from YouTube?


text:
Next Tuesday, the Supreme Court will hear two cases related to the Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare, and the stakes are high for both sides. In fact, the interpretation of a semi-colon in the context of the First Amendment could play a critical role.
Search Results for: "Affordable Care ACt"
Should people making false statements during political campaigns face jail time?
In one of the more unusual cases coming to the Supreme Court next month, the Justices will hear a case about an Ohio law designed to keep people from making false statements during political campaigns, under the threat of fines and jail time.
Supreme Court Justices to ponder New Mexico photographer case
Later this week, Supreme Court will review a highly publicized case about a New Mexico photographer who refused to shoot a same-sex commitment ceremony. If accepted, the case would be heard in the Court's next term, starting in October.
Congressional lawsuits against Obama would face steep hurdles
This week, the House of Representatives approved a bill to fast track civil lawsuits filed by Congress against President Barack Obama for allegedly abusing his powers. The bill does raise some interesting constitutional questions, but it also faces steep challenges.
Video: Ezekiel Emanuel on Health Care Reform
Ezekiel Emanuel, one of the principal architects of President Obama's health care reform act, visited the National Constitution Center on Thursday to unveil his newest book, "Reinventing American Health Care."
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Today… is your chance. This inspirational pewter paperweight comes with a snazzy orange stack of 72 motivational cards which carry messages such as "Thank Your Family," "Eat Well," and "Believe in Yourself." Arrange the cards according to what you'd like to focus on each morning. Or, place the cards in a hat and choose one at random to display throughout the day. Whichever way you use it, this great sculpture will keep you motivated and focused on the important things in life. Sculpture measures 7 x 2 inches and weighs about 0.5 pounds.
Handmade in the USA: some minor differences in metal finish and size may be apparent.
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I think these are actually in reverse order of growth, but you get an idea of where it grows/what my face shape is.
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Capt. Jason Haag
K9s for WarriorsComment
Haag interview May 12, 2014
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The ABC7 I-team investigates cop cruiser crashesCop Cruiser Crashes happen more often than you think in the Washington area. Are officers being held accountable? And should you be paying the price? The I-Team investigates MONDAY on ABC7 News at 11 after "Castle."


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Allergy Remedies
Is It Possible to Go Natural?
The side effects of allergy medications keep some people from using them. Natural remedies can be a great alternative, but some are more effective than others.
The side effects of allergy medications keep some people from using them. Natural remedies can be a great alternative, but some are more effective than others.