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Mizzou Basketball
Missouri men's basketball must replace assistant coach Mark Phelps
Missouri men's basketball assistant coach Mark Phelps is leaving the program after one season, the university confirmed Tuesday morning.
Junior college prospect commits to Missouri men's basketball
Kevin Punter averaged 20.3 points, 4.6 rebounds, 1.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game last season as a sophomore for State Fair Community College in Sedalia.
UPDATE: Missouri basketball player Zach Price arrested for second time in same day
The Missouri forward is the third Tigers basketball player arrested in three weeks. He is accused of punching his roommate and pushing a woman to the ground, as well as ramming their vehicle.
Missouri men's basketball's Jabari Brown to test NBA draft potential
Missouri guard Jabari Brown declared for the NBA draft Wednesday. He has not yet signed an agent, he has until April 15 to withdraw and continue studying at MU.
Brown leaving Missouri basketball early, declaring for NBA draft
Missouri shooting guard Jabari Brown announced Wednesday that he will enter the NBA draft in June.
UPDATE: Missouri basketball player Jordan Clarkson to enter NBA Draft
Jordan Clarkson will forgo his senior season and declare for the NBA draft. Clarkson spent one season at Missouri after transferring from Tulsa.
Wait till next year: A look ahead for Missouri men's basketball
The Tigers finished 23-12 and missed the NCAA tournament for the first time since 2008. What will next season bring for Missouri? Here's a look.
Jabari Brown, Jordan Clarkson both noncommittal on NBA draft prospects
Both players are projected to be picked in June's NBA draft, if they declare.
Missouri's unfulfilling season ends
Missouri's season ended in a 71-63 loss to Southern Mississippi on Sunday afternoon in the National Invitation Tournament.
Missouri basketball is having fun again after stress of NCAA was lifted
No longer worrying about its position on the NCAA Tournament bubble, the Missouri men's basketball team is playing looser.
Missouri women's basketball season ends in first round WNIT loss
Despite 14 points from sophomore Lianna Doty, Missouri lost to Creighton 77-51 in the first round of the WNIT in Omaha, Neb., on Thursday. The Tigers finish the season 17-14.
Missouri men's basketball to play Southern Mississippi on Sunday in NIT
No.3 seeded Southern Mississippi advances to play Missouri by defeating No. 6 Toledo on Wednesday.
Missouri women's basketball to start WNIT against Creighton
The Bluejays (19-13) and Tigers (17-13) play in separate conferences, but a brief analysis of each program reveals plenty of common ground between these opening-round opponents.
Missouri's Danny Feldmann makes most of NIT appearance
The suspensions of guards Wes Clark and Shane Rector led to more playing time for the rarely used Jefferson City native.
Missouri defeats Davidson 85-77 to advance in NIT
Missouri to play the winner of Southern Mississippi and Toledo on Sunday at Mizzou Arena.
Missouri women's basketball's Bri Kulas named to AP All-SEC second team
Missouri women's basketball senior forward Bri Kulas was named to The Associated Press All-SEC second team on Tuesday.
Four Missouri athletes arrested on suspicion of marijuana possession
Missouri basketball players Wesley Clark and Shane Rector and football players Shaun Rupert and Aarion Penton were arrested Saturday night after a traffic stop.
Missouri women's basketball selected to play in WNIT
The Missouri Tigers received an at-large berth to the Women's National Invitation Tournament on Monday. The Tigers play at Creighton on Thursday.
Davidson presents challenge for Missouri basketball in NIT
Missouri coach Frank Haith's yearlong experiment using Jordan Clarkson at point guard has been, from a statistical standpoint, a success. That experiment could involve a new variable Tuesday when the Tigers host Davidson in the first round of the National Invitational Tournament at 8 p.m.
Missouri men's basketball misses NCAA Tournament, No. 2 seed in NIT
The Missouri Tigers' streak of five consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances is over.


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State charges Palestinian with stabbing of IDF soldier at Tel Aviv train station
IDF forces arrest 11 Palestinians overnight in West Bank
Barkat: My goal is to be able to respond within one minute to any security incident
Touting the management of Gaza war reporting
Labor MK Shai mocks Israeli threat to Iran
Rivlin takes on cause of rights of battered non-Jewish wives
Jerusalem man arrested for incitement against Israelis on his Facebook
Possible 2016 US presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren to meet Netanyahu
Coalition in turmoil after cabinet approves controversial 'Jewish state bill'
Sharp rise in additional, private health insurance costs
Health Scan: BGU course makes med students more empathetic
The toilet taboo
Pro-public health advocates battle against private-medicine lobbying and ad campaign
Zion Tech: Israeli start up Dogiz helps dogs and owners socialize
Zion Tech: Our Israeli start-up of the week aims to make air pollution visible
From Silicon Valley to Silicon Wadi
'Leviathan gas reservoir to begin flowing by early 2018'
Funeral Monday for Israel Zamir, only son of Isaac Bashevis Singer
Festival review: Curtain Up 2014
JEST's grand finale
A taste Of Poland
Jerusalem still perfect after tough battle in Rishon
Sakhnin edges Beitar in subdued showdown
Rishon's credentials to come under scrutiny vs J'lem
Vermut clinches dramatic win for Hapoel TA
Religion in IDF sparks heated debate between national-religious, secular MKs.
Swiss Museum to accept Gurlitt collection
WATCH: Thousands of Chabad rabbis convene for annual gathering in New York
Turkish governor's wish to morph synagogue into museum raises ire
Nazi-looted art collection may find new home in Switzerland
Ukrainian president to mark Auschwitz liberation in Prague
Turkish president Erdogan: Women are not equal to men, should accept motherhood as societal role
Netanyahu: Lack of Iran deal gives chance to stiffen economic sanctions
Hungarian porn used in ISIS propaganda?
PA to delay Palestinian statehood bid at UN
Analysis: When the West and Arab nations differ
Think About It: National unity and a national unity government
Terra Incognita: Murder, tourism and loving Islamic State
November 24: A modest soul
Berlin: Stumbling Stones and street art
Reality Check: Netanyahu has given up on full equality for Israel's Arabs
Wishful doing
Cinema of reconciliation
On the volcano's edge
Knowledge, power and abuse
Q&A with a Colombian lone soldier
European Press: Dividing line
Veterans: Keeping an ear out for change
Book Review: Written from his heart
This Week in Jerusalem
Who is your God?
Grapevine: Amazing place
A voice from India
Happily Eva After: When the going gets tough...
Grapevine: Reclaiming our heritage
Upscale dining in Neveh Tzedek
Obama: Helping terror go nuclear
On incitement, lots of talk but little action
To finally look behind the news
Recognizing Palestine – anomalies and ambiguities
A song for Cheshvan: 'The Eucalyptus Grove'
דְיוֹקְנְאוֹת תַרְבּוּת
מָה הַסִיפּוּר?
הָאַרְכִיוֹן שֶל רוֹמַן וִישְנִיָאק
Har Nof in flames
Sail Away with me
Q&A with a Guatemalan combat soldier
Meet the Ambassador: No longer a conference diplomat
'Post' leads the way with new podcast
Grapevine: The highest accolade of all
Tempête au sein de la coalition
Crise de confiance
Qui prendra la relève de Mahmoud Abbas ?
Arafat, Abbas, même combat ?
Daniel Oren, maestro d'Israël, d'Italie et d'ailleurs !
Nos plus belles années ?
De Berlin à New York, 1920-1975
Le pogrome de Constantine
Le pot de chocolat liégeois par qui le scandale arrive
Le dernier kibboutz
La course aux étoiles
Les mordus du français
On n'invite pas un pyromane à éteindre un incendie
Tuer l'EI dans l'œuf
Le mont du Temple et la guerre sainte de l'islam
Les attentats du lundi 10 novembre vus par la presse française
L'Europe, nouvelle alliée d'Abbas ?
Ces enseignants-éclaireurs
Hispanic Evangelicals among Israel's greatest supporters
Christians United for Israel Chairman John Hagee says Obama is anti-Semitic
Temple Mount: Common ground between Jews and Christians
Pope Francis condemns Palestinian violence
Last Christian shop-owners in Old City: 'Tourists afraid of the politics'
KKL Belgium Donates Portable Bomb Shelter to Kiryat Gat
KKL-JNF Awards 2014 Blumberg Prize
Exploring the Ilanot Botanical Garden and the Vickar Observation Point
Cornerstone Laid for Sports Rehab Park at Meir Hospital
Mexican Politician and Business Leader Miguel Aleman Velasco Visits KKL-JNF in Jerusalem
International Conference in Sde Boker: Combating Desertification Together
Rehabilitation of the Lower Jordan: Bringing the River Back to Life
Central America Celebrates Independence at the Rabin Center
In his Footsteps: Heritage Excursions in Memory of Yitzhak Rabin
Cleanup Day Activities in Central Israel
International Cleanup Day: Cleaning Together in Northern Israel
KKL-JNF's Eyes in the Forest - The Horshim Forest Green Patrol
Israel Today and Tomorrow: KKL France Mission Visits Israel
Start-up Israel: KKL Italy November Mission Learns about Israel's Past and Future
KKL-JNF and Desert Agriculture Latin American Diplomats visit the Negev
A Successful Annual Fundraising Event for KKL Milan
Living Green in Israel: the Contest and the Winners
Addressing Climate Change Conference
Nurturing the Foresters of the Future
Saving the Sabras
11.24.2014 | 2 Kislev, 5775
Weizmann scientists bring nature back to artificially selected lab mice
Health Scan: The 'memory' of starvation is in the genes
Looking young in old age
Medical Corps training, improved technologies saved lives in Gaza
German 'reneges' on optional fluoridation of drinking water
Ministry urges taking preventive measures against West Nile virus
Religious Zionists, ultra-Orthodox men free to pursue nursing degree
*Health Scan: Upgrading the stethoscope*
*Danger: Viruses may trump mankind*
MDA urges adherence to safety rules to prevent drowning
Health Ministry instructs public hospitals to return to routine
*Rx for Readers: Is alarmist ad campaign's vaccine as necessary as its sponsors say?*
Health & Science
03/15/2013 04:11
ReWalk 370.
(photo credit:YouTube Screenshot)
During US President Barak Obama's visit to Israel, he will be presented with three
projects created by researchers and graduates of the Technion- Israel Institute
of Technology in Haifa.A "snake robot" developed by Prof. Alon Wolf of
the faculty for mechanical engineering is the first. It can enter spaces in
areas prone to earthquakes and the collapse of buildings and assist in location
and rescue activities by transmitting pictures and voices of trapped people. The
robot is unique, the Technion says, due to its crawling capabilities and is very
flexible thanks to large number of links.Each "vertebra" comprises
engines, computer, sensors, wireless communication and batteries. The robot
carries a camera in its head. With the snake's flexible structure, it is capable
of squeezing through the ruins without causing additional collapse of the
structure and able to provide vital information from inaccessible areas about
the condition of trapped people and the existence of hazardous
materials.The second is Rewalk, the first-of-its-kind powered exoskelton
developed by Technion graduate Dr. Amit Goffer, founder of Argo Medical
Technologies.The device enables paraplegics to walk and perform other
daily functions such as sitting, standing, and climbing/going down the
stairs.The device has already given almost 200 paraplegics the ability
to walk , and is used in the USA, Europe and Israel, including for partaking in
Marathons.Amit will present the ReWalk, and Raddi Kaiuf, paraplegic as a
result of war injury, will demonstrate the system.The system allows
paraplegics to restore lower body function through a designated device that is
harnessed to the body. The device is activated by a chargeable battery that
lasts the whole day. The system uses motion sensors to identify the user's
movements and translate them to joint movements.The users no longer need
to use a wheelchair and they can move and stand upright. The ReWalk allows the
user to walk on planes and slopes.The third hi-tech gift, a waiter robot
to serve the disabled in their homes, was created by Haifa Municipal High School
Gimmel pupils Yarin Frenkel, Omer Zamir and Omer Shoshan and one will be given
to Obama. The robot has 18 engines, sensors, a compass and a camera. The project
was supervised by Prof. Igor Verner and his doctoral candidate Dan Cooperman, of
the Technion's Department of Education in Technology and Science.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I come here almost every day to read the news like probably most people here do that I don't have anywhere else to tell anybody so I thought I'd tell somebody here because I'm so excited about what I've found. Google "Traders Superstore" these guys are really helping people learn how to trade, I never traded before in my life and now I'm making money doing and having a great time I can't believe how much money you can actually make trading like this it's amazing!
If the resolution matters so much, why wait for the new year? all that demonstrates is a lack of commitment.
Speakeasy is a blog covering media, entertainment, celebrity and the arts. The publication is produced by Barbara Chai and Jonathan Welsh with contributions from the Wall Street Journal staff and others. Write to us at email@example.com or follow us on Twitter at @WSJSpeakeasy or individually @barbarachai.
Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments.


text:
'Miracle chicken' lays monster double egg
Updated On: Mar 20 2013 09:50:16 AM CDT
A chicken in China has laid a giant egg containing two yolks and another egg inside.
Dubbed the "miracle chicken," the hen left villagers in Guizhou speechless when they cracked open the egg in a video that's since gone viral, the Christian Post reported.
The egg was approximately three times the size of a normal egg, and weighed nearly half a pound, according to Hong Kong's New Tang Dynasty Television.
The chicken's owner, identified only as Mrs. Yang, thought her animal was dying when it laid the giant egg.
Since then, the hen has laid a few more big eggs.
Mrs. Yang attributes the unusual eggs to the chicken's rice-only diet, NTDTV reported.
Earlier this year, a British man found an intact, shelled egg inside the egg his hen Rosie had laid. That egg weighed more than 6 ounches, according to The Huffington Post.
Distributed by Internet Broadcasting. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Family desperate for answers in search for missing woman
City's "ugly" Christmas tree causes controversy
Family's home still standing as gaping sinkhole remains open in front yard
Lehigh County animal shelter in dire need of food donations
Reading parting ways with 'ugly' Christmas tree
Construction worker struck by vehicle on turnpike
WWII vet shoots wife, kills self, Allentown police say
State police seek missing Palmerton teen
Lafayette pounds Lehigh in 150th meeting, 27-7
Balloon release marks one-year since Holly Grim's disappearance


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► 2014's Best Whitetail States: Part III
► QDMA Summit Launches National Deer Alliance
► Finding Wounded Game 202: The Advanced Course
► Member's Hunt: Big Country, Big Bore and a Big Ol' Bull
► For the Good of the Group
► Mississippi Hunter Tags 4-Bearded Gobbler
► One Pot Pheasant Stew
► Smileys in the Blind, Roosters on the Dash
► Squirrel Masters
► Hunting Texas Hogs in the Dark
► African Trophies Shared
► A Ride-Along with Stewards of Africa's Wild
► Member's Hunt: An African Hunt, Texas Style
► Delta Connections
► Hardware: Weatherby Mark V Ultra Lightweight RC
► Ruger No. 1-S 9.3x62mm
► Hardware: Traditions Vortek StrikerFire
► CVA Scout V2 Pistol
► Hardware: Mossberg 835 Ulti-Mag Duck Commander
► Remington Versa Max Waterfowl Pro
► Smith & Wesson Performance Center Model 629
► The Singles Scene
► 7 Must-Have Archery Upgrades
► 6 Bow-Tuning Tips
► Crossbow Tide Rolls Into 2014
► Barnett Releases Ghost 350
► Hardware: Winchester Varmint X
► Top 5 Whitetail Cartridges
► Hardware: Burris Veracity 4X-20X -50mm
► First Look: BSA 17 Super Mag Riflescope
► Ask the Editors: 3 Essential Pieces of Deer Gear
► American Hunter's 2014 Holiday Gift Guide
► NRA is No. 1 Organization for Hunters
► NRA President Porter Heads for the NRA Show with Fond Memories of His Grand Slam!
► Threats to 11-Year-Old Hunter of Albino Buck Go Too Far
► Exclusive: Collar Camera Records Deer Predation By Cougar
► How Much Does That Rifle Really Kick?
► Three Tips for Teaching Kids Archery
► Remington Shows Off 2015 New Product Intro
► 5 Duck Facts That Sound Like Lies
► Skull Hooker: A Simple Way to Display Your Buck
► Black Bears Come to Blows in New Jersey
► Press Check
► Guns Damaged by Fire
► Portable Power with the Mojo BattStation Optimus
► Archery Tag the Next Big Thing?
► NRA Country Presents: Brantley Gilbert
► Bad Boy Buggies Ambush iS
► Winchester's New Varmint X Ammo
► One for the Ladies: The Savage Lady Hunter Rifle
► Improve Shotgun Shooting and Hunting Success Overnight with SCI Speakers' Innovative Training Aid
► Opening Day
► Leave Them Alone
► Quest for 450: Quest Complete!
► Bear on the Menu in Packerville?
► Hunting the Very Elusive Nauga
► Folds of Honor Foundation
► Game Profiles: Caribou
► Game Profile: The Wild Turkey
► Outfitted Hunts for Any Budget
► When Guided Hunts Go Wrong
► Cabela's Introduces Instinct Accelerator Camo Boots
► Steyr Arms Introduces OD Green and MUD Scout Rifles
► The Humane Society of the United States: It's Not About Puppies & Kittens
► Impala Leaps into Car, Escapes Cheetahs
► Michigan Passes Scientific Fish & Wildlife Conservation Act
► National Park Service Donates 3,300 Pounds of Venison
► Win a Prize Pack From SilencerCo and SOG Knives
► Cabela's Announces "Daily Deals" Through Black Friday
Cass Creek proudly introduces the Waggler, the first high-tech, remote controlled hunting decoy for the predator hunter that combines sight, sound and scent.
Wildlife advocates have struck a deal with the Obama administration that allows gray wolves to be hunted in Montana and Idaho.
A 26-pound fox, which is thought to be the biggest fox ever found in Britain, was trapped and killed by a veterinarian in the South East.
Here the author offers up tips on how to lure in predators that have learned prey-in-distress calls are too good to be true.
Utah is the definition of "rugged country," and for that the cats owe the country their livelihood, for they can live there without constant encroachment from man.
New from Montana Decoy is "Miss Hoptober," an extremely life-like rabbit decoy that is perfect for catching any coyote's attention.
New Jersey native Tom Rickwalder's boyhood dreams of hunting came true when he was offered a coyote hunt in the wide-open spaces of Utah.
Jay C. Bruce is quite possibly the greatest mountain lion hunter of the 20th century, and has possibly killed more mountain lions than anyone else in history.
Thriving in almost any remote terrain with good cover, cougars can establish home ranges of 50 square miles or more, depending on the season and abundance of prey.
At 7.75 pounds with a 22-inch barrel, Remington's semi-automatic R-15 makes an ideal predator rifle.
Environmentalists would like to stop these professional hunters from protecting you and endangered species from predators.
Ranchers rely on Wildlife Services professionals and private hunters to control predator populations.
Meet several men who make a living on the front lines and see where you can slip into the field of predator management this winter.
Gear for predator hunters is an evolving category now, because the hunt shouldn't end with deer season.


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I placed an order on the 8th of November and I'm a resident of Québec, and I received my order on the 14th! Just 6 days! I'm very Impressed...Read More ->


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Very Disappointed
By Shopwithsense
from Hamilton
I was very disappointed with this bracelet. The programming on tsc made it look beautiful, and the pictures which magnified the appearance of the stones, gave a false illusion of what this bracelet looks like. There was no lustre, and it looked cheap. It is definitely not worth the hassle. Save your time and don't bother ordering this piece. The fact that I had to pay to return the order back to tsc left a bitter and dissatisfied taste in my mouth. Had the bracelet looked like how it was advertised then I would have saved my time and money.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
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Aspens, oaks, maples and cottonwoods. All changing colors with some green still visible. What a beautiful area. I would love to go back again...maybe even in the summer to do some hiking.
Great hike during foliage season, despite the 25-mile drive to the trailhead on dirt roads. The yellow and orange Aspens were glorious.
This is what I was expecting! Coming from the crowded east coast, this is exactly what I was looking for when coming to Colorado. There were no crowds of tourists, only a few hiking enthusiasts enjoying nature. My wife and I hiked for 3 hours and saw 4-6 people tops. So it really was a great way to get out...
This is the National Forest around Steamboat and heading in all directions from here. Wonderful back country opportunities including self-guided and vendor-led. You can pick up information at the FS office on Highway 40 just south of town. Enjoy!
We enjoy backroads, so we decided to head home a different route this time. We took the road to Buffalo Pass, northeast out of town which ends up at Highway 14 near Walden, CO. This is not for the faint-hearted and you need a good 4 wheel vehicle with high clearance, but it was worth the slow, bumpy drive. It...
Rabbit Ears Pass and Buffalo Pass and Dumont Lake are nice areas. mosquitos galore in july. wildflowers in second week july. bring a forest map, signs are not common. Nice area, not too steep like San Juans, graded roads are welcomed. Great time!
Went back-country skiing in Routt NF. Beautiful! So peaceful and generally quiet (except for the occasional distant snowmobile tour). snow was heavenly!
Rabbit ears pass offers some of the best high elevation cross country skiing anywhere! Easy access to elevations around 10,000 feet year 'round. Many areas offer panoramic vistas of the Colorado mountains. A nice place to visit at any time of year.
This is a great rek and the views are as good as you can get anywhere, added to which you do not have to share it with hundreds of others at the same time. You can really experience Wyoming without the crowds - good for the body and soul.
We live in North Central Colorado so Medicine Bow is a close trip for us. Hiking here, especially in the fall is beautiful and peaceful. If you are looking for an outdoor experience with few amenities, this is for you!
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Recent Posts
March 26, 2013
Hi PulseWire. I am glad to connect with others on this platform. I am passionate about social justice and equity for all. Inequality makes me sad since we are all human with similar needs and wants. I believe each one of us has a responsibility in creating a world that we would love to see. Change begins with me.One positive action goes a long way in making the change we would all love to see in the world. I love this quote from a famous poet "If each one of us sweeps dirt at the front of their house soon the whole world will be clean"


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01This British Council Is Trying To Make Skateboarding A Crime...
02Want To Escape The UK And Surf Every Day? This Is The Place To Go…
03Snowfall In New York Has Been So Deep, People Can't Get Out Of Their Houses
04What Do You Get If You Cross A Zip-Wire With A Roller Coaster?
0523 #FirstWorldProblems People Encounter When Skiing
067 Awkward Moments Every Brit Experiences When Surfing Abroad
07'Has Skiing Made Me Bald?' - What Do You Contemplate When You're On The Chairlift?
08This Squaw Valley Ski Edit Is Not To Be Missed...
09This 22 Year Old Student Took Three Years To Make This Adventure Film. The Result Is Truly Beautiful…
10From Small Photo To Breathtaking Reality: This Ski Trip Is One Of The Best We've Seen...
Ramp Rage
A Skateboarding video by alexdiss - 6,134 views
Only two and a half weeks of being open Ramp Rage has already had some absolute hammers laid down within it's walls, here is just a taster of what is in store for you. Ben Raemers, Carl Wilson, Stuart Dyer & Mark Radman.
Filmed and Edited by - Alex Diss
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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Dec. 1, 1964 J. s. FINGER 3,159,525
DECORATING SYNTHETIC RESIN PANEL Original Filed Jan. 21, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TOR.
ATTORNEKS Dec. 1, 1964 J. 5. FINGER DECORATING SYNTHETIC RESIN PANEL Original Filed Jan. 21, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 wmmzdjmo Dec. 1, 1964 .1. s. FINGER 3,159,525
DECORATING SYNTHETIC RESIN PANEL Oiiginal Filed Jan. 21, 1955 s Sheets-Sheet 3 EAST MAN United States Patent Patented Dec. 1, 1964 to provide a thermosetting resin product having novel decorative elfects on one or more of its surfaces.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel thermosetting resin product having a unique decorative crinkle finish thereon, which product may b 7 translucent and may be tinted with suitable dyes or pig- This invention relates to synthetic resin articles of manufacture and more specifically relates to synthetic resin panels having novel decorative surfaces.
This application is a division of my copending application, Serial No. 483,381, filed January 21, 1955, noW Patent No. 2,959,511, having been issued on November 8, 1960, which is a continuation in part of my application, Serial No. 227,144, filed May 21, 1951, now abandoned.
Various thermosetting resin, such as the polyesters, polyester-styrene blends, phenol-formaldehyde, alkyds and the like, shrink or contract on congealing from their plastic or fiuid state to a solid form. Such shrinkage or contraction occurs either where a filler such as glass fibers is incorporated in the resin, or where the filler is omitted. conventionally, in producing reinforced thermosetting resin panels for various structural uses, such as for skylights, paneling, awnings, wall and ceiling elements and the like, a thin film, such as regenerated cellulose (known in the trade as cellophane), is placed on opposite surfaces of a layer of liquid thermosetting resin having a reinforcing filler incorporated therein, and the wet lay-up so formed is placed on a suitable mold and cured. By this procedure, a smooth finish is produced on opposite surfaces of the cured product inasmuch as the cellulose film shrinks to substantially the same degree as does the resin interlayer during the curing operation.
The present invention is based on the discovery that by employing films such as, for example, certain types of cellulose acetate films, which are affected by liquid resins or by atmospheric moisture, to encase the resin interlayer, there is provided an excess of film which crinkles as the interlayer is cured. The crinkles provide substantially uniform, solidified crinkled lines in the interlayer and thereby produce a highly decorative pattern or finish on the surface of the cured product. After the resin interlayer is cured, the films are stripped therefrom and a product having a highly decorative surface finish is provided. I
The exact reasons why these selected films react in the foregoing manner are not presently known. One theory is that shrinkage of the resin interlayer occurs due to chemical reaction therein during curing. In addition, it appears that there might be a certain amount of elongation of the film during the curing operation. The elongation may be due to atmospheric moisture affecting the film or to the fact that certain chemical constituents of the liquid resin in the interlayer have a tendency to attack and partially dissolve the film, or to attack or partially dissolve the plasticizers used in the film to such an extent that the original fiat form of the film is changed to an irregular form by the solvent action. This chemical attack is thought to stop shortly as the resin interlayer is cured since most components of thermosetting resins become chemically bonded and are rendered chemically inert when the resin is cured. However, the net result is that the cured resin product has an excess of film covering it which crinkles the resin during gelation. When the film is removed, the crinkled finish remains permanently on the product.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention merits.
In accordance with the present invention, a thermosetting resin in liquid state is placed upon a thin synthetic organic film which is appreciably affected either by moisture or by the thermosetting resin. A filler or reinforcement, such as random mat glass fibers, is then combined with the resin and a second similar film is placed on the combined resin and filler mix to form a wet lay-up. The film-encased assembly is thereafter transferred to an appropriately shaped mold and cured by heating in a well-known manner, to a hard, solid state.
During the curing stage, the thermosetting resin shrinks substantially and the film encasing the assembly, either because of chemical attack and/ or the effect of moisture appears to expand. Accordingly, an excess of film is provided which crinkles in a surprisingly uniform man ner, which crinkled film design is solidified into the surface of the resin interlayer upon gelation and curing thereof. If desired, the film may then be stripped from the cured resin. Or, it may at times be desirable to leave the films on the product for shipping protection. It will be obvious, of course, that films of other materials which do not produce the desired crinkled finish can be employed on one side of a panel, the crinkle finish being applied to the other side.
The thermosetting resins employed may include various thermosetting materials, such as the polyesters and polyesterstyrene blends, alkyd resins, and variations of the synthetic thermosetting materials which may be made by one skilled in the art to produce a resin originally in a liquid state which is capable of polymerization to a hard, strong, and solid mass.
If desirable, various catalysts may be used to aid in curing the resin, and for this purpose organic peroxide catalysts such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, tertiary butyl perbenzoate and the like are quite satisfactory. If desired, various promoters or accelerators known to the art, such as the mercaptans or cobalt naphthenate, may be used. 7
Films applicable to use in the present invention include those which are attacked by the liquid resin or by atmospheric moisture in a manner such that it loses its original fiat form during gelation of the resin.
The preferred film material is cellulose acetate. One cellulose acetate film which has proved successful in the production of the present products is that manufactured and sold by the Celanese Corporation of America under the designation P-904. It has been found that thin films of this material are apparently subject to rapid chemical attack by the liquid resin and/or atmospheric moisture and appear to expand when employed in the present process. Since the resin interlayer contracts to a relatively great degree, the difference between the contraction of the. resin and the apparent expansion of the cellulose acetate film creates an excess of film on the surface of the liquid resin interlayer which crinkles uniformly and thereby produces a highly decorative crinkled finish thereon which is retained when the resin is solidified.
It has been found that films of a thickness not exceeding about 0.05 inch can be employed in the present invention. Generally, however, films of a thickness in the range from about 0.0008 inch to about 0.0019 inch are employed for greatest economy of operation.
Thin films are easier to crinkle than thick films because they are more subject to atmospheric moisture or chemical attack or partial solution in a given period of time. Chemical attack or partial solution apparently causes a softening of the film accompanied by expansion or change in surface characteristics. The thicker the film, the longer the time the resin must be held in contact with the film in a liquid state at a given temperature for the crinkling process to occur. If the film is too thick for a given set of conditions of temperature and gel time, the film may not crinkle at all, while a thinner film under the same conditions will crinkle. FIG. of the accompanying drawings shows that a certain acetate film of 0.0015 inch thickness produces a high frequency crinkle, whereas the same material in 0.005, 0.010 and 0.015 inch thicknesses shows no crinkling, but rather progressive stages of incipient crinkling.
Film composition also appears to be a factor which affects crinkling. Films of the same thickness but of different compositions exhibit diifering degrees of or a substantial lack of crinkling under the same conditions, depending upon the type of plasticizer andother materials used in their manufacture. For example, a cellulose acetate film manufactured by the Celanese Corporation of America and designated commercially as L822M provides a medium crinkle when employed in a thickness of 0.010 inch. In contrast a cellulose acetate film manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Company produces only an incipient crinkle when used in the same thickness. The Kodak product produced only an incipient crinkle even at a thickness of 0.005 inch, under the same conditions as used in making a crinkle panel with the Celanese 0.010 inch product. A comparison of FIGS. 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings illustrates this difference of finish.
In the event the product is to be utilized for various structural elements and it is desired that the product be substantially translucent, a filler or reinforcement consisting essentially of glass in the form of fibers, floc, random mat, or woven cloth may be incorporated in the liquid resin. Such fillers are especially adapted to the present process and product by virtue of their relatively high strength-weight ratio. However, other reinforcing materials such as rayon, nylon, certain of the vegetable, synthetic or mineral fibers and the like may be used.
The product may be shaped and hardened in a wellknown manner and for producing reinforced structural panels, it has been found that the use of a corrugated lower mold is satisfactory. An upper mold is not generally required, but if desired, an aluminum or other light weight cover sheet may be applied over the resin lay-up during the curing operation. Such a cover sheet serves a two-fold purpose. First, it helps distribute heat in a uniform manner to the resin interlayer when a heat source such as infra-red is applied to the wet lay-up to initiate curing. Once curing has been started, the resin produces exothermic heat of reaction. Then the cover plate helps to radiate the exothermic heat and stabilize the curing. When the gelling process takes place at a low humidity, the cover sheet protects the film from shrinkage by such a low humidity condition and allows the chemical action of the resin components to affect crinkling of the film.
Temperatures for curing the resin interlayer in the range from about 90 F. to about 275 F. will generally be satisfactory. Such curing temperatures are known in the art. Curing times from about 2 minutes to about 24 hours or longer may be employed. For commercial efficiency, cure times in the range from about 15 minutes to two hours are desirable.
Since the crinkling process is essentially one in which the film is affected in a chemical manner, it is necessary that the resin in contact with the film be in a liquid form for a time sufficient to produce a crinkle. Once the resin has been cured to a solid form, this chemical action of the resin on the film ceases. If the catalysts and/or accelerators used in the resin, and the temperature employed are such that gelation of the resin occurs too rapidly, insufiicient time of liquid contact with the film may exist to 4. produce a satisfactory crinkle. By either lowering the temperature or by lowering the catalyst-accelerator system to increase the gel time, a satisfactory crinkle can be produced.
Pressures may be used, but they must be limited in order to permit the desired amount and extent of crinkling of the acetate films. Pressures less than 2.0 pounds per square inch can be employed, with pressures in the range from 2 ounces per square foot to 0.5 pound per square inch being preferred. The amount of pressure may vary with the type of film utilized, the curing temperature, and the extent and character of the crinkled finish desired. If sufiicient pressure is exerted against the films encasing the resin interlayer, it may be impossible to produce a crinkle. Accordingly, a substantially fiat or smooth finish results. Under other conditions of excessive pressures, an inverse crinkle may result in which the smooth surface plane is higher than the crinkles which are formed as valleys rather than ridges. The mechanism of crinkling is the same, but the excess film moves inward toward the resin layer instead of outward.
If desired, the products may be tinted with dyes or pigments of the relatively light-fast type which are not affected by the other components of the resin formulation.
Further, to illustrate the decorative finish provided by the present invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a reinforced synthetic resin panel made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the manner of preparing the reinforced resin sheets for the curing step;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged section view of a panel having a crinkled finish and a fiber glass reinforcement;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a series of panels made by using varying thicknesses of cellulose acetate films manufactured by the Celanese Corporation of America; and
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a series of panels made by using varying thicknesses of a cellulose acetate film manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Company.
With reference to the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates a finished reinforced resin panel, which is here shown by way of example in corrugated form for structural applications, and the reference number 12 indicates the crinkles produced by the crinkling of the synthetic organic film 14 (see FIG. 2). In FIG. 1 the films 14 have been stripped from the finished panel 10.
As shown in FIG. 2, the resin interlayer 16, which comprises a thermosetting resinous mass 18 having a suitable filler 20 distributed therein, is placed between the synthetic organic films 14. As shown, the assembly is originally made up in fiat form and is then transferred to an appropriately shaped mold for curing.
Example I As a specific example of a production run of the present invention, a thin film of cellulose acetate of 0.001 inch thickness, manufactured by the Celanese Corporation of America and designated as P-904, was laid down on a table. A layer of polyester resin-styrene blend having a catalyst incorporated therein was then flowed onto the cellulose acetate film in a uniform layer approximately of an inch in thickness. A random glass fiber mat was then incorporated into the resin layer. A second film of cellulose acetate was applied over the resin layer. The wet lay-up so formed was squeegeed to remove oceluded and was cut into appropriately shaped sections. The cut sections were transferred to aluminum molds and were covered with light weight aluminum cover or caul sheets of a configuration mating with that of the lower molds. The cover sheets exerted approximately 0.3 pound per square foot of pressure to the upper surface of the lay-up. The resin was then cured at an elevated temperature, starting at F. and continuing by increasing the temperature to 222 F. over a period of /2 hour.
After the curing operation was completed to provide a hardened product, the cellulose acetate films were stripped from the resin-to disclose a highly decorative crinkled finish on each of the major surfaces of the cured resin, as illustrated in FIG. 4 by the panel designated .001.
Example II A run was made according to the procedure described in Example I except that a cellulose acetate film of .0015 inch thickness manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Company was employed. A product having a uniform and highly decorative crinkled finish on each of the major surfaces of the cured resin was produced, as illustrated in FIG. 5, by the panel designated .0015. The crinkle was uniform but was of somewhat less frequency than that on the product produced in Example I.
Example III A series of runs was made to demonstrate the effect of varying thicknesses of cellulose acetate fihns upon the finish, as follows:
A sheet of cellulose acetate of selected thickness was placed upon a smooth lay-up table and 280 grams of liquid polyester resin was placed thereon to provide a layer approximately li inch thick. The resin comprised a blend of 61 parts polyester resin with 39 parts styrene,
and had 1.0 p.p.h. benzoyl peroxide, 0.5 p.p.h. methyl ethyl ketone peroxide dissolved in dibutyl phthalate and 0.003 p.p.h. cobalt naphthena-te, as metal, incorporated therein. A reinforcement of random fiber glass matof a weight of 2 ounces per square foot was then placed 'on the resin and incorporated therein. A second film of cellulose acetate equal in thickness to the first film wasthen placed upon the resin layer. The wet lay-up was squeegeed to remove occluded air and was then cured at an elevated temperature. Data for the series are included in summary form in the following table.
Comparative photographs were taken at equal (1 /2 x) magnifications of the surface of each of the panels by employing reflected light. These photos are shown in the accompanying FIGS. 4 and 5. As strikingly shown, a film thickness of less than 0.002 inch produced a uniform crinkled finish. Film thicknesses of 0.002 inch and over when employing the Celanese film, produced crinkles, but of lesser frequency. Film thicknesses above .0015 inch produced only incipient crinkling when employing the Eastman film.
A careful examination of the surface of the products of the present invention represented by the photolithographs designated 00.001 and 130.0015 reveals that the crinkle finish contains accumulations or elevations or resin in the order of magnitude of 0.003 inch up to about 0.06 inch with an average in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.03 inch. Substantially all of these elevations are nearly pure resin with little or no reinforcement and comprise 10% or more of the total surface area. Observation of the finish of these products discloses that in the crinkle an excess of resin is drawn to the surface into peaks to cover the fibrous reinforcement. This would follow from the fact that the reinforcement, such as a glass fiber mat, is interlaced and felted, and being positioned generally in the center of the resin interlayer, cannot flow with resin which is drawn outwardly from the main body of resin. This condition is substantiated by the fact that the surface fibers of the reinforcement are virtually indistinguishable and visually undefinable in the crinkle panels. In panels with a relatively smooth finish the reinforcing fibers can usually be seen by reflected'light as shown by E005, E015 of FIG. 5.
The feature of excess resin covering the panel surfaces is highly desirable from the standpoint of weather resistance. The extra resin which is drawn up over the fibers in the crinkling'process protects said fibers against the effects of sun, wind, rain and the like.
By reference to FIG. 3 of the drawings, which represents a cross section of a panel 22 made according to the present invention, it will be seen that the resin rich surface 24 of the crinlsle finish eifectively covers the fibens 28 so that the fibers are buried deep within the panel under a resin rich, highly decorative, crinkled surface.
As used herein and in the claims the word crinkle may be defined as resin-rich elevations of an amplitude of .003 or more, substantially uniformly distributed in a random pattern over the entire surface so that the area of said elevations comprises more than 10% of the surface.
The invention herein disclosed is particularly adapted for use in connection with the production of reinforced thermosetting resin panels for use as structural materials, and accordingly, examples of this invention for the purpose of disclosure are directed toward that adaptation. However, it is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration for the purpose of the disclosure and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit orf the invention and the scope of the subjoined claims.
I claim: 1
1. A synthetic resin panel, comprising a substantially rigid sheet of cured thermoset resin, a plurality of randomly located accumulations of resin on a major surface of the sheet, the resin accumulations extending above the major surface and being integral therewith, and glass fibers within the sheet to reinforce the same, the resin accumulations being substantially free of fibers.
' 2. A synthetic resin panel as recited in claim 1, including additionally a thin readily removable film intimately in contact with the major surface and conforming to the resin accumulations.
References Cited in the file of this patent *UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,496,911 Green Feb. 7, 1950 2,517,698 Musleat Aug. 8, 1950 2,528,152 Landgraf Oct. 31, 1950 2,565,491 Francis Aug. 28, 1951 2,577,205 Meyer et a1 Dec. 4, 1951 2,782,458 Emmert et al. Feb. 26, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 461,730 Great Britain Feb. 23, 1937
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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WASHINGTON (AP) - Mocking his critics, President Barack Obama boasted Tuesday that 7.1 million people have signed up for his health care law, an unexpected comeback after a disastrous rollout sent his poll numbers plummeting and stirred fears among Democrats facing re-election this fall.
SAN DIEGO (AP) - A rampaging pack of dogs roamed a neighborhood early Tuesday, attacking and injuring three people before they charged a police officer and were shot, authorities said.
SAN DIEGO (AP) - A rampaging pack of dogs roamed a neighborhood early Tuesday, attacking and injuring three people before they charged a police officer and were shot, authorities said.
SEATTLE (AP) - The Boys Scouts of America has removed an openly gay troop leader in Seattle, saying he made an issue out of his sexual orientation.
PITTSBURGH (AP) - A tree trimmer is recovering after he was rushed to a Pittsburgh hospital with a chain saw blade embedded in his neck.
NORTH LAS VEGAS, Nev. (AP) - A 30-year-old man accused of killing his mother and sister in their North Las Vegas home spent a couple of days dismembering one of the bodies and trying to clean up the bloody scene, a police official said Tuesday.
HOUSTON (AP) - A Houston woman attacked her boyfriend in a fit of rage, sat on him after knocking him down and then stabbed him to death with the stiletto heel of her shoe, striking him at least 25 times in the face, a prosecutor told jurors Monday.
WASHINGTON (AP) - New research is boosting hopes that weight-loss surgery can put some patients' diabetes into remission for years and perhaps in some cases, for good.
DARRINGTON, Wash. (AP) - Authorities in Washington state say they believe 22 people are still missing in the deadly Washington state mudslide that has killed at least 24 people.
SEATTLE (AP) - A large explosion rocked a natural gas processing plant on the Washington-Oregon border Monday, injuring four workers, causing about 400 people to evacuate from nearby farms and homes, and emitting a mushroom cloud of black smoke that was visible for more than a mile.
WASHINGTON (AP) - In a flood of last-minute sign-ups, hundreds of thousands of Americans rushed to apply for health insurance Monday, but deadline day for President Barack Obama's overhaul brought long, frustrating waits and a new spate of website ills.
NEW YORK (AP) - Americans cut back on soda at an accelerated pace last year, extending a slow retreat from the category that began nearly a decade ago.
• COUPLE HITS IT BIG IN LOTTERY 3 TIMES: PORTSMOUTH, Va. (AP) - A Virginia couple is averaging more than $1 million a week in lottery winnings.
GREECE, N.Y. (AP) - At their most recent monthly meeting, the five members of the Greece Town Board took their seats, gaveled to order and moved quickly through the regular opening agenda:
LOS ANGELES (AP) - A moderate earthquake that rattled a swath of Southern California forced several dozen people in one community out of their homes after firefighters discovered foundation problems that made the buildings unsafe to enter, authorities said Saturday.
POLICE: BURGLAR KILLS ACCOMPLICE OVER STOLEN ITEMS: WEST COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) - South Carolina authorities say a burglar fatally shot his accomplice after the two men argued about how to split up the stolen goods.
CARPINTERIA (AP) - A California woman is recovering from scratches, a bite and a broken rib after being attacked by a black bear that chased her dogs through an avocado grove.
WASHINGTON (AP) - The FBI director on Thursday criticized the decision by Apple and Google to encrypt smartphones data so it can be inaccessible to law enforcement, even with a court order.
CUPERTINO (AP) - Apple's response to a high-profile gaffe involving its iPhone software may be more important than the glitch itself.
SOIUTH JORDAN, Utah (AP) - Parents and students at a Utah high school say they're angry at the way school administrators enforced a dress code at a homecoming dance.
SPOKANE, Wash. (AP) - The author of Washington's recreational marijuana law has suggested that Spokane test its sewage for traces of the cannabis chemical THC, to get a more accurate picture of pot use by residents.
UNITED NATIONS (AP) - Confronted by the growing threat of Middle East militants, President Barack Obama implored world leaders at the United Nations Wednesday to rally behind his expanding military campaign to stamp out the violent Islamic State group and its "network of death."
NEW YORK (AP) - Vietnam said Wednesday it wants to be able to buy weapons from the United States and that regional powerhouse China should not be alarmed.
NEW YORK (AP) - Some lenders are preparing to reissue credit or debit cards to customers to head off possible losses following the breach of customer data at Home Depot.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Three years ago, Jason Prosser was stunned to discover the cost of child care for his newborn son - so much so that he and his wife postponed having a second child.
CUPERTINO (AP) - Apple's newest iPhones ran into some glitches Wednesday after users complained that a new software update blocked their calls, while a widely circulated video showed the larger of the two new models is vulnerable to bending.
NEW YORK (AP) - Wal-Mart is the latest company to get rid of fees that traditional banks charge customers who don't have enough money in their accounts to cover purchases.


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Click here to print the obituary below
Betty L. Blair
Blair Betty L. Blair, 70, of Lancaster, Ohio, died Wednesday, February 20, 2013, at her home. Betty was retired from Kmart Distribution Center in Columbus. Betty is survived by her son, Ken Blair; daughters, Brenda (Duane) Mueller and Sandra (Jeff) Sarber; eight grandchildren; and nine great-grandchild-ren; sister, Doris (Tim) Brunney; and brother, James (Donna) Frey. Betty was preceded in death by her husband James G. Blair and parents Leonard and Hattie Frey. Funeral service will be held Saturday, February 23, 2013 at 1 p.m. at the JOHNSON-SMITH FUNERAL HOME, 207 S. Main St., Baltimore, Ohio 43105 with Pastor William Lavely officiating. Burial to follow in Carroll Cemetery. Friends may visit from 11 a.m.-1 p.m. at the funeral home on Saturday. Memorial gifts may be given to the Fairfield Area Humane Society or
Funeral Home
Johnson-Smith Funeral Home
207 South Main Street
Baltimore , OH 43105
(740) 653-0652
Published in The Columbus Dispatch on Feb. 22, 2013


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A countrywide study showed that 40 percent of Indian kids do not have a healthy body mass index (BMI) and warned that the current generation was heading towards an "unhealthy future".
Children of mothers who work full time may not be getting the amount of sleep they need each night, placing them at higher risk of being overweight or obese within a year, finds research.
At least 25 children fell ill Saturday after having their mid-day meal at a government school in Bihar, while 15 fell ill on the same day after consuming wild fruit in a village, officials said.
Asian Games silver winner Khushbir Kaur, Commonwealth Games medallists Arpinder Singh and Mandeep Jangra will run as volunteers along with visually challenged school children at the 20th Salwan Cross Country Marathon Run here on November 2.
Instead of forcing your teenager to wake up early for school, finding a way to start school late could be a better way to help him/her perform better, researchers believe.
Bollywood superstar Aamir Khan wants kids to be caring, hardworking and focused in their lives.
One in every 10 school children in the National Capital Region (NCR) between 13 and 16 years of age is overweight and therefore at a risk of developing heart diseases, a survey said Sunday.
Six children were killed Friday and about two dozen injured in an accident and stampede at a primary school in southwestern China, authorities and reports said.
Hundreds of school children joined university students demanding greater democracy on Friday, capping a week-long campaign that has seen a large cut-out depicting Hong Kong`s leader as the devil paraded through the city and calls for him to resign.
A knife-wielding man stabbed to death four primary school children in southern China on Friday, state media reported, the latest in a series of such attacks in recent years.
A child's diet is likely to be decided by the education of the young one's parents, says a new study.
Schools in Jammu and Kashmir reopened from today after flood water receded a bit.
For 13-year-old Ilma Khan, shaking hands with Prime Minister Narendra Modi was nothing less than a dream.
Two school children, aged 14 and 11 years, drowned in a pond near here, police said.
A 13-year-old boy of St Aloysius School in Howrah, West Bengal was brutally beaten up by his school teacher during class hours for borrowing a pen.
India not only has the dubious distinction of having one of the worst road accident records in the world, but that these are taking more and more young lives, particularly of school children.
Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao announced a Rs five lakh ex-gratia each to the families of those killed in Masayipet bus-train accident in Medak district on Thursday, and ordered an inquiry.
Railway Minister DV Sadananda Gowda Thursday termed as unfortunate the death of people in Telangana when a train rammed into a school bus at an unmanned railway crossing.
Sixteen persons - 14 school children, the driver and the cleaner - were killed and at least 20 students were injured as a train crashed into the private bus in which they were travelling at an unmanned railway crossing at Masaipet village in Telangana`s Medak district Thursday morning.
A 56-year-old school teacher in central China was on Monday sentenced to death with a two years` reprieve for raping two girl students and molesting several others.
Day in Pics: 29th November
Showbiz World - November 29, 2014
Thanksgiving Day


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Canada's Insurance and Risk Magazine
Australian general insurers have already received more than 65,000 claims, with insurance losses conservatively estimated at $674 million, from four catastrophes declared by the Insurance Council of Australia (ICA) in three states over the past few months.
The majority of those claims have come from the state of Queensland, which has been affected by severe flooding and sotrm damage. More claims are expected over the next two weeks, the ICA noted.
"Though insurers have received a high volume of claims, this summer's fire and flood risk had largely been anticipated and factored into commercial, prudential and logistical preparations," Rob Whelan, the council's CEO noted. "Insurers continue to work hard to process policyholders' claims and assist the recovery efforts.
"However, I note that many parts of Australia have not yet reached the peak of their local disaster seasons, and more cyclones, floods and bushfires remain a strong possibility."
The catastrophes over the country's summer include:
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Early life handling decreases serotonin turnover in the nucleus accumbens and affects feeding behavior of adult rats.
ABSTRACT In our previous studies, we reported that neonatally handled rats have an increased ingestion of sweet food but are resistant to the damaging effects of a chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet. Accumbal serotonin (5-HT) is important for feeding behavior and plays a role in the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity. Therefore, our hypotheses were (1) 5-HT turnover in the nucleus accumbens is altered in neonatally handled animals and plays a role in their differential feeding behavior and (2) if this is so, a chronic pharmacological treatment affecting 5-HT reuptake (chronic imipramine) would be able to revert the behavioral findings. Litters were divided into nonhandled and handled (10 min/day, Days 1-10 after birth). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that a decreased 5-HT metabolism in the nucleus accumbens was observed in adult handled animals. In Experiment 2, the two previous groups were subdivided and assigned to receive imipramine diluted in water or water alone. After 30 days of treatment, we evaluated their weight gain and feeding behavior. Handled rats weighed less than nonhandled rats, and all imipramine-treated rats showed a reduction in weight gain after 60 days of treatment. Imipramine reverted the increased sweet food consumption seen in neonatally handled rats. We conclude that serotonin is involved in the altered feeding behavior of neonatally handled rats, and this protocol is an important tool for studying the mechanisms by which early life events have a long-term impact on feeding preferences.
- SourceAvailable from: Andre K Portella
Article: Brief daily postpartum separations from the litter alter dam response to psychostimulants and to stress.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Neonatal handling induces several behavioral and neurochemical alterations in pups, including decreased responses to stress and reduced fear in new environments. However, there are few reports in the literature concerning the behavioral effects of this neonatal intervention on the dams during the postpartum period. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine if brief postpartum separation from pups has a persistent impact on the dam's stress response and behavior. Litters were divided into two neonatal groups: 1) non-handled and 2) handled [10 min/day, from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 10]. Weaning occurred at PND 21 when behavioral tasks started to be applied to the dams, including sweet food ingestion (PND 21), forced swimming test (PND 28), and locomotor response to a psychostimulant (PND 28). On postpartum day 40, plasma was collected at baseline for leptin assays and after 1 h of restraint for corticosterone assay. Regarding sweet food consumption, behavior during the forced swimming test or plasma leptin levels did not differ between dams briefly separated and non-separated from their pups during the postpartum period. On the other hand, both increased locomotion in response to diethylpropion and increased corticosterone secretion in response to acute stress were detected in dams briefly separated from their pups during the first 10 postnatal days. Taken together, these findings suggest that brief, repeated separations from the pups during the neonatal period persistently impact the behavior and induce signs of dopaminergic sensitization in the dam.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica ... [et al.] 05/2013; · 1.08 Impact Factor
Page 1
Brief Report
Early Life Handling Decreases
Serotonin Turnover in the
Nucleus Accumbens and Affects
Feeding Behavior of Adult Rats
A.K. Portella1,2
P.P. Silveira2
L.A. Diehl1
L.M. Crema1
Z. Clemente1
W. Peres3,4
G. Costa5
C. Scorza5
J.A. Quillfeldt1,6
C. Dalmaz1,3
1PPG Neurocie ˆncias
Instituto de Cie ˆncias Ba ´sicas da Sau ´de
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
2Nu ´cleo de Estudos da Sau ´de da Crianc ¸a
e do Adolescente (NESCA)
Hospital de Clı ´nicas de Porto Alegre
Faculdade de Medicina
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
3Departamento de Bioquı ´mica
Instituto de Cie ˆncias Ba ´sicas da Sau ´de
Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
4Escola de Farma ´cia
Universidade Cato ´lica de Pelotas
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
5Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas
Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
6Departamento de Biofı ´sica
Instituto de Cie ˆncias Ba ´sicas da Sau ´de
Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
ABSTRACT: In our previous studies, we reported that neonatally handled rats
have an increased ingestion of sweet food but are resistant to the damaging effects
of a chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet. Accumbal serotonin (5-HT) is
important for feeding behavior and plays a role in the vulnerability to diet-induced
obesity.Therefore, our hypotheses were (1) 5-HTturnover inthe nucleus accumbens
is altered in neonatally handled animals and plays a role in theirdifferential feeding
behavior and (2) if this is so, a chronic pharmacological treatment affecting 5-HT
reuptake (chronic imipramine) would be able to revert the behavioral findings.
Litters were divided into nonhandled and handled (10min/day, Days 1–10 after
birth). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that a decreased 5-HT metabolism in the
nucleus accumbens was observed in adult handled animals. In Experiment 2, the
two previous groups were subdivided and assigned to receive imipramine diluted in
wateror wateralone. After 30 days of treatment, we evaluated their weight gain and
feeding behavior. Handled rats weighed less than nonhandled rats, and all
imipramine-treated rats showed a reduction in weight gain after 60 days of
treatment. Imipramine reverted the increased sweet food consumption seen in
neonatally handled rats. We conclude that serotonin is involved in the altered
feeding behavior of neonatally handled rats, and this protocol is an important tool
for studying the mechanisms by which early life events have a long-term impact on
feeding preferences. ? 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol
Keywords: neonatal handling; sweet-tasting ingesta; 5-HT; obesity; Wistar rat;
It has been proposed that events occurring very
early during development may affect the individual's
(Caldji et al., 1998; Levine, Haltmeyer, Karas, &
Denenberg, 1967). The modulation of these responses
by early experiences may be adaptive, in such a way
that the animal will try to predict the environment in
which it will grow through hormonal and/or behavioral
cues offered by the mother during the fetal/neonatal
period (Gluckman & Hanson, 2004). Then, during
development, its physiology and behavior are shaped
to best fit the prediction and promote survival and
Developmental Psychobiology
Received 7 April 2009; Accepted 2 November 2009
Correspondence to: A. K. Portella
Contract grant sponsor: CNPq
Published online in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.20420
? 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Page 2
Neonatal handling is one of the various animal models
developed to study such theories. The characteristic brief
and repeated periods of maternal separation during the
first few days of life are associated with a dampened re-
2001) and feeding behaviors (Silveira et al., 2006).
peculiar pattern of regulation, in which they ingest more
palatable food when exposed to it for brief periods,
without differences in regular chow consumption (Sil-
veira et al., 2004, 2006) and this effect is observed only
after puberty (Silveira et al., 2008). Intriguingly, when
to be less vulnerable to the adverse metabolic effects of
such an overload of sugar and fat (Benetti et al., 2007).
The mechanism for this paradox is still to be determined,
and therefore this protocol is a very interesting animal
model to study the variability in the susceptibility to
obesity and metabolic disarrangements related to feeding
Interestingly, mice resistant to high-fat diet-induced
obesity have significantly lower serotonin (5-HT) trans-
porter binding than the obesity prone mice in the nucleus
accumbens (Huang et al., 2004), suggesting that varia-
tions in serotonin activity in this brain area may be
important to determine differential vulnerability to the
seems to be associated with a chronic elevation in brain
serotonin turnover (Lambert et al., 1999).
Given that neonatally handled animals seem to be less
to a highly palatable diet, we hypothesized that accumbal
serotonin activity could be affected by early life handling
and play a role in the feeding behavior profile found
in these rats. If so, chronic antidepressant treatment
would be able to abolish the behavioral differences
regarding palatable food intake between handled and
nonhandled animals. Therefore, the aims of the current
study were (1) to determine serotonin turnover in the
nucleus accumbens of neonatally handled rats when
compared tocontrolsand (2)toevaluate feedingbehavior
in these animals after treating them chronically with
imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant that acts mainly
through the inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine
Plexiglas (65cm?25cm?15cm) with the floor covered with
sawdust. The lights were turned on between 07:00 and 19:00hr,
the temperature was set at 22?2?C, cage cleaning was done
once a week, food (Nuvital1, Colombo, PR, Brazil; metaboliz-
able energy/100g of the chow: 348kcal; 22% protein, 55%
carbohydrates, 4.5% fat) and tap water was provided ad libitum.
All litters were culled within 24hr from birth to eight pups and
in similar home cages as described above and kept in the same
conditions, except that the water was replaced by the mixture of
imipramine and tap water in the imipramine-treated groups (see
details below), and that they were housed 4–5 animals per cage.
were utilized, derived from 13 litters, and for Experiment 2, a
total of 51 animals, from 26 litters, were utilized. The total
number of handled litters was 19 and the dams were not rebred.
Behavioral tasks were performed between 13:00 and 16:00hr in
a room adjacent to the colony room and kept at the same
environmental conditions. Rats were habituated for at least
20min to the testing room before the behavioral task. Drug
treatment was not interrupted during the course of the experi-
ments. Individual body weight was measured using a digital
scale in two different occasions, at 90 days of life (before the
beginning of the behavioral tasks) and at 120 days of life. All
animal treatments were in accordance with the recommenda-
(ICLAS) and received ethical approval from the Federal
University of Rio Grande do Sul Ethical Committee.
Neonatal Handling Procedures
These procedures were carried out between 10:00 and 15:00hr.
brief period, to return the cage to the facility room. The researcher
also changed gloves for the handling of each litter to avoid the
spread of any kind of odor from nest to nest.
Nonhandled Group (NH). Pups were left undisturbed with the
dam until weaning. It was stated on the cage that these animals
was carefully removed from one side of the cage, without
at that side by the principal researcher.
Neonatally Handled Group. The home cages with the litters
were transported to another room within the animal facility and
let habituate for 10min. Pups were removed from their home
cage and placed into a clean cage lined with clean paper towel,
inside a laboratory devised temperature controlled incubator at
32?C for 10min. At the end of the separation period the pups
to the incubator). This procedure was carried out in an adjacent
room to the colony room in our animal facility, from Day 1
to Day 10 of life (day of birth was considered Day 0); pups were
left undisturbed until weaning thereafter.
Developmental Psychobiology
Portella et al.
Page 3
Experiment 1: Serotonin Turnover in the Nucleus
Adult animals (60–70 days of life) from the two groups (n¼15 for
slice was taken (bregma þ2.7 to þ0.7), punching bilaterally at
L¼1.5 and V¼?7.0mm (Paxinos & Watson, 1998), using a 1.8-
at ?70?C until use. On the day of the assay, tissue samples were
and finally centrifuged at 15,000rpm for 15min at 4?C. The pellet
was discarded and 5-HTand 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical
detection (HPLC-ED; BAS, West Lafayette, IN). The sensitivity of
the amperometric detector was 5 and 20nA and oxidation potential
was fixed at 0.75V (Claustre, Rivy, Dennis, & Scatton, 1986;
Jacobsson, Jonsson, Lindberg, & Svensson, 1980).
Chromatographic separations were performed using a C18
reverse phase column (150mm?4.6mm, Phenomenex, Tor-
consisted of 0.15M citric acid, 0.015% sodium octyl sulfate,
1.6% acetonitrile (v:v); 3% tetrahydrofuran (v:v), in double-
distilled water, pH 3.0. The mobile phase was filtered through a
of 1.2ml/min. The position and height of the peaks in tissue
homogenates were measured and compared to 50ml samples of
an external calibrating standard solution containing 5ng of each
5-HT and 5-HIAA (Bortolozzi, Evangelista de Duffard, Dajas,
Duffard, & Silveira, 2001).
Concentrations of these substances in the samples were
calculated and expressed as ng/g wet tissue. The activity
(turnover) of the serotonergic system was expressed as
5-HIAA/5-HT ratio.
Experiment 2: Chronic Imipramine Treatment
A different subset of handled and nonhandled animals were
randomized to receive tap water or a solution of imipramine
diluted in tap water, forming four experimental groups: handled
receiving tap water (n¼12), handled receiving imipramine
(n¼10), nonhandled receiving tap water (n¼16), and non-
handled receiving imipramine (n¼13). Imipramine hydro-
Farmace ˆutica, Sa ˜o Paulo, Brazil) was dissolved in drinking
water (tap water) at a concentration of 40mg/L, using light-
protected bottles and renewed every 2 days (Stephan, Helfritz,
Pabst, & von Ho ¨rsten, 2002). In the imipramine groups, the
solution was the only source of drinking water. The average
dosage (mean/SEM) of imipramine obtained was 4.24
(0.25)mg/kg/day in the nonhandled group and 4.38 (0.11)mg/
kg/day in the handled group (Student's t-test, p¼0.643). The
concentration of the drug in the tap water was kept the same
during the duration of treatment because the eventual growth of
animals was accompanied by a corresponding proportional
increase in fluid intake. The dosage was assured by monitoring
the fluid intake every time the solution was changed, and by
comparing the fluid intake normalized by body weight across
from Purifarma Quı ´micae
6 days during the last week of the first month versus
the second month of treatment in a repeated measures ANOVA
(time?group), which showed no significant main effects nor
interactions. The chronic treatment was initiated at 60 days of
was not stopped during the behavioral test and was maintained
until 120 days of age.
Behavioral Task—Sweet Food Ingestion
Rats were tested as adults (90 days of age). The animals were
placed in a lightened rectangular box (40cm? 15cm?20cm)
with floor and sidewalls made of wood and a semitransparent
glass ceiling. Ten Froot loops (Kellogg's1—pellets of wheat
and corn starch and sucrose, 3.4kcal/g) were placed in one
extremity of the box. Each animal was submitted to one
habituation trial of 3min per day on five subsequent days, under
food restriction of 80% of habitual ingestion. Ethanol 30% was
used to clean the apparatus and to minimize the odor between
each animal tested or habituated. Only animals that had eaten at
24hr (nondeprived state), and then put in the same apparatus for
a 3-min test session, when the number of ingested pellets was
counted (Gamaro, Prediger, Lopes, & Dalmaz, 2003; Silveira
ate part of the Froot loops (e.g., 1/3 or 1/4), this fraction was
always by the same investigator.
Statistical Analysis
Data were expressed as mean?standard error of the mean. All
results were initially submitted to Levene's test for homo-
geneity of variance and did not yielded significance. Analysis
was done by Student's t-test (neonatal group as the independent
variable) and two-way ANOVA (neonatal group and drug
treatment as independent variables) with analysis of the
interactions. All analyses were performed using the SPSS
statistical package software, version 17.0. Statistical signific-
ance was set at 5%.
Early Life Experience and Serotonin Turnover in
the Nucleus Accumbens
of 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens [Student's t-test,
t23¼2.18, p¼0.04, n¼10 for nonhandled and 15 for
p<0.001]. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was statistically
diminished in neonatally handled rats in comparison to
nonhandled rats [t23¼5.21, p<0.001], suggesting a
decreased serotonergic metabolism in the nucleus
accumbens in these animals (Tab. 1).
Developmental PsychobiologySerotonin Turnover in the Nucleus Accumbens
Page 4
Imipramine Treatment—Body Weight and
Sweet Food Ingestion
Neonatally handled rats weighted less than nonhandled
ones at 90 days of life (two-way ANOVA; adjusted
r2¼0.045, F(3, 55)¼5.444, p¼0.023 for handling; F(3,
55)¼0.098, p>0.05 for imipramine treatment; F(3,
55)¼0.105, p>0.05 for the interaction). At 120 days of
age, the effect of handling was still evident, and we also
observed an effect of the chronic imipramine treatment,
suggesting a decrease in growth velocity in both
groups treated with imipramine (two-way ANOVA;
adjusted r2¼0.128, 13–19 per group, F(3, 55)¼6.078,
p¼0.017 for handling; F(3, 55)¼4.099, p¼0.048 for
imipramine; F(3, 55)¼0.006, p¼0.938 for the inter-
action; see Tab. 2).
Neonatal handling induced an increased intake of
Froot loops [two-way ANOVA; n¼10–16, adjusted
r2¼0.189, F(3, 50)¼5.084, p¼0.029], while chronic
imipramine treatment yielded no effect per se [F(3,
50)¼0.656, p>0.05]. In addition, chronic imipramine
prevented the effect of neonatal handling, since animals
submitted to both handling and imipramine had a
different intake compared to animals submitted to
handling alone, and comparable to that of control rats
(significant interaction between chronic imipramine
treatment and neonatal handling [F(3, 50)¼8.028,
p¼0.007; Fig. 1]).
In this study, we described that neonatally handled rats
had a decreased serotonin turnover in the nucleus
accumbens, as well as ingest more sweet pellets as
previously reported (Silveira et al., 2004, 2006). More-
over, chronic imipramine treatment was able to prevent
this effect. Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant of the
dibenzazepine group. It inhibits the reuptake of serotonin
and norepinephrine, having also effects on acetylcholi-
nergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Imipramine
Risman, Briley, & Langer, 1981). Chronic treatment
with this drug elevates brain serotonin and its metabolite
5-HIAA in rats (Sugrue, 1983).
Considerable evidence suggests that a disturbance in
brain serotonin function contributes to dysregulation of
appetite, mood, and impulse control and may be involved
Developmental Psychobiology
Table 1.
Mean?SEM for Serotonin Metabolism in the
Tissue Levels (ng/g)Nonhandleda
Serotonin (5-HT)
5-HIAA/5-HT ratio
Note. Student's t-test was used for the analysis;
??p<0.001. Sample sizes were (a) 10 rats and (b) 15 rats.
Table 2.Mean?SEM for Weight Gain
Nonhandled GroupHandled GroupNonhandled GroupHandled Group
Drug Treatment
Water WaterImipramine Imipramine
Body weight at 90 days of age (g)
Body weight at 120 days of age (g)
body weight.
mean?SEM for number of pellets ingested during 3min.
Diagonal lines in the bars show handled groups, and shading
demonstrates imipramine groups. Two-way ANOVA showed a
significant interaction between neonatal handling and imipr-
amine treatment (p¼0.007). Same letters mean no statistical
differences (Tukey post hoc). Sample sizes were the following:
nonhandled/water: 16 rats, handled/water: 12 rats, nonhandled/
imipramine: 13 rats, handled/imipramine: 10 rats.
Sweet food ingestion—Data are expressed as
Portella et al.
Page 5
in the etiology and pathogenesis of eating disorders
(Kaye, 2008). Serotonin receptors are relevant when
For instance, systemic injection of the 5-HT agonist
dexfenfluramine decreases glucose solution intake and
blocks glucose-conditioned flavor preferences (Yildiz
et al., 1996). Furthermore, the ingestion of Froot loops
affects 5-HT concentrations in the nucleus accumbens
after a period of fasting, suggesting that this circuitry
is important for the behavioral expression of the
consumption (Fallon, Shearman, Sershen, & Lajtha,
2007). Therefore, it seems plausible that a decreased
handled rats plays a role in their increased ingestion of
sweet food.
However, we cannot exclude that other neurotrans-
mitter systems may be involved in our findings. For
instance, a reduced density of dopamine D3 receptors has
been described in the nucleus accumbens in neonatally
handled rats (Brake, Zhang, Diorio, Meaney, & Gratton,
2004) and it is known that chronic imipramine treatment
increases the expression of these receptors in this brain
area (Lammers, Diaz, Schwartz, & Sokoloff, 2000).
Knowing that quinpirole, a selective dopamine D2/D3
receptor agonist, decreases the preference for chocolate
biscuits consumption in rats (Cooper & Al-Naser, 2006),
it is possible that imipramine's action increasing D3
receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens of neo-
natally handled rats would therefore inhibit their natural
preference for palatable food. Norepinephrine also plays
an important role in the regulation of hunger and satiety
(Wellman, 2000), and it is described that handling during
early postnatal life influences central noradrenergic
transmission (Baamonde et al., 1999, 2002). While
2004) and palatable food consumption (Fallon et al.,
2007), the total amount of norepinephrine in the nucleus
(Silveira et al., 2009) and it was not different between
Besides that norepinephrine transporter knockout mice
have a consumption of sucrose comparable to wild-type
mice (Perona et al., 2008). Hence, it is less likely that
norepinephrine is the main mechanism involved in our
findings in handled rats regarding sweet food ingestion.
Interestingly, adrenalectomy induces a decrease in
brain 5-HT turnover, which is reversed by treatment with
small doses of corticosterone (Van Loon, Shum, & De
dampened HPA axis activity facing an acute stress (Ader,
1968), which may be related to the altered serotonin
turnover reported in this study. Others have also found an
increase in 5-HT levels accompanied by a decrease in
5-HT turnover in striatum of neonatally handled rats at
tosweet taste.
Stylianopoulou, 2002), although no differences were
Rowe, & Meaney, 1994). It is possible that differences in
the neonatal handling protocol between different labo-
ratoriesand/or inthe structuresanalyzed may beinvolved
in these divergent findings.
Although in humans chronic antidepressant treatment
has been associated with increased appetite and weight
gain, others have reported that chronic imipramine
treatment leads to growth failure in rats (Mogensen,
Pedersen, & Holm, 1994), which isin agreement withour
findings. There is evidence that antidepressant treatment
to glucose ingestion (Bondi, Menozzi, Bertolini, Venneri,
these effects could be occurring in our study. We also
found that handled rats weighed less than nonhandled
ones. This observation does not agree with previous
results, when such an effect was not observed, although
nonsignificant differences may exist (Panagiotaropoulos
et al., 2004; Silveira et al., 2004).
In conclusion, early life rearing conditions can impact
feeding behavior later in life. In neonatally handled rats,
this behavioral feature is associated with an altered brain
serotonin function and can be reverted by chronic
imipramine treatment. This animal model is therefore an
impact the individual differences in food intake. These
findings contribute to the field of developmental pro-
gramming and emphasize the need for additional studies
context of eating disorders later in life.
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Yildiz, O., Bolu, E., Deniz, G., Senoz, S., Simsek, A., Ozata,
M., et al. (1996). Effects of dexfenfluramine on glucose
drinking and glucose-conditioned flavour preferences in rats:
Taste versus post-ingestive conditioning. Pharmacological
Research, 33, 41–46.
Developmental PsychobiologySerotonin Turnover in the Nucleus Accumbens


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Ogichi Daa Kwe Awarded Accreditation from ACA
Congratulations to Ogichi Daa Kwe on their
Enjoy exploring our Foundation site or jump right to Kooch-i-ching and Ogichi Daa Kwe for a packed tour of what we do best. No matter your age, we promise you an opportunity of a lifetime – an opportunity to go on a wilderness quest that teaches self discovery, teamwork, service to others and above all, FUN!
Hugh Haller | President, Camping and Education Foundation
Congratulations to Ogichi Daa Kwe on their
Catherine Steiner-Adair, EdD – Originally published in the 2014 September/October Camping Magazine
The camp director of one of the
Posted 11/27/13 to ACA Website by Anne Archer Yetsko
Thanks to Staff Alum, Sydney Stoehr, for forwarding this


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Guards visit Bengals Aaron Wilson
The Cincinnati Bengals brought in two offensive guards for visits.
The team announced that Vladimir Ducasse Uche Nwaner visited today.
Ducasse is a former New York Jets starter who's now an unrestricted free agent.
He went to Massachusetts and was drafted in the second round by New York four years ago.
Nwaneri, 29, had been with the Jaguars for the past seven years prior to his release.
Nwaneri was scheduled for a $3.775 million base salary and was due a $1 million roster bonus before he was cut.
Follow me on Twitter: @RavensInsider
Aaron Wilson covers the Ravens for The Baltimore Sun
NFP's Introduction to Scouting Class is now registering for our Winter sessions! Save $200 if you register before December 1st! REGISTER NOW!
Check out our partners at TiqIQ for the best deals on all games on the 2014 NFL schedule.
NOV 20 Joel Corry
Will there be first ballot Hall of Famers in 2015?
A detailed look at the eight candidates vying for that unique honor.
NOV 18 Dion Caputi
Cleveland quarterback Brian Hoyer has overcome long odds to put his team in contention for a playoff berth.
NOV 13 Joel Corry
The NFL's most underpaid players
10 players who are delivering big returns for their respective franchises.


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Wasn't really much more that we could do
from T.I. (Ft. B.o.B, Kendrick Lamar & Kris Stephens) – Memories Back Then Lyrics on Genius
Although he would lke to still be with her,he couldn´t stop his carrerso there wasn´t many that both could do to save their relationship.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit "Memories Back Then" by T.I. (Ft. B.o.B, Kendrick Lamar & Kris Stephens) Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page


text:
Success Academy: An Empowering Workshop for Women
with Beth Caldwell and Mary Lee Gannon
Saturday, December 13, 2014
from 9am to 4pm at Sigma's Conference and Event Center
Empowerment * Inspiration * Strategy * Accountability
When you attend this full day intensive workshop you'll learn how to:
- Integrate Systems Into Your Business
- Eliminate Head Trash
- Stop Sabotaging Your Success
- Create Your Personal Brand of Excellence
- Experience A Powerful Confidence Breakthrough
- Enjoy a Client EXPLOSION
- Strategize for a Brilliantly Successful 2015
PPW Members $129 Non Members $159
Includes Workshop, Materials, Breakfast, Lunch and Snack at the beautiful Sigma's Conference and Event Center.
Sigma's is located at 1717 Babcock Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15209 (just off of McKnight Road, 10 minutes from downtown, easily accessible from I-279, McKnight Road and Route 28)
This powerful inspirational event has limited seating. Register early and you'll be setting yourself up for a strategically successful 2015. See you there.
NOTE: Registration for an event is a commitment to attend and no refunds will be issued. If you find yourself unable to attend a workshop or event, please send someone in your place.
If you have any trouble with registration, or would like to pay by check, please call 412.202.6983
Have you been thinking about joining PPW? What are you waiting for? Join Now!