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Need Side Dish ideas for homemade pizza
Making Pizza for a batch of friends tonight, and I need some ideas on what to serve on the side. Someone is already bringing a fresh green salad, so I'd like another side to serve as well.
Preferably, something I can prep earlier in the day, so I can spend more time on the pizzas.....
any thoughts?
White bean salad? (Rosemary, white beans, little bit of white or red wine vinegar, salt, and rosemary and maybe red pepper flakes?) I tihnk some protein would be nice.
If you put the right things on top you won't need anything extra on the side. Well, maybe a glass of wine or two...
Not knowing what toppings you're gonna put on the pizza makes this tricky. How 'bout a serving dish containing marinated artichoke hearts, several kinds of olives, marinated mushrooms, and pickled peperoncini for people who can tolerate a little heat.
You may need to go out or send someone out to buy these comestibles. If you decide on this idea, you won't have to make anything from scratch.
because of the tomato sauce, i've never been a fan of salads or marinated foods with pizza. broccoli rabe with garlic and red pepper flakes, or garlicky spinach would be my call. roasted cauliflower with pine nuts and golden raisins would be good to. these veg dishes also work room temp, so you could make them ahead.
re: hotoynoodle
But rabe is one of my favorite pizza toppings, along with some Romano when it comes out of the oven. Just had one last night.
re: escondido123
love it in pizza too, but we have no idea what kind of za's op is serving, lol.
re: escondido123
Love rabe on pizza, too! It is a good idea for a side. It'll definitely hold its own.
re: hotoynoodle
Have you seen the price of pine nuts lately? They are $30 a pound around here because of a bad crop in China last year.
re: ChiliDude
If I were to buy pine nuts, I'd buy from Italy only and pay the money. That said, walnuts are a great substitute.
re: monavano
I know about walnut substitution, but I agree that going Italian is more patriotic since such genes are in my wife's DNA.
re: ChiliDude
I also thought the pine nuts from China were thought to be questionable (quality and age) and implicated for the occasional pine mouth.
I'm in the salad camp. No matter what type of pizza or toppings you pick, there is a salad that will go with it. I love the cold crunch of salad as a counterpoint to warm pizza.
re: Kajikit
I had the same thought, but I've been in this position before, where I felt like I wanted something *else.* That's why I suggested something light like white beans, which actually make a great accompaniment.
re: escondido123
I actually used one of my own suggestion that I made on another post. I made a roasted corn salad with lots of lime juice, roasted red peppers, black olives and a big handful on cilantro. It went great with the pies I made!
(Homemade mozzarella, olive oil, basil and spicy sausage )
I will def try the white bean idea next time (I just didn't have any on hand)
thanks all!
re: gerry27
Glad things worked out and thanks for relaying the result.


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Victoria has almost 30 species of snake. Each of the Information Sheets below describes a species of snake that lives in Victoria and includes information about what each snake looks like, how they behave and where they occur.
Alpine Copperhead Australeps ramsayi
Bandy Bandy Vermicella annulata
Blind Snakes Ramphotyphlops spp.
Carpet Python Morelia spilota metcalfei
Common or Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis
Common Copperhead Australeps superbus
Coral Snake Simoselaps australis
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota
Little Whip Snake Rhinoplocephalus flagellum
Master's Snake Drysdalia mastersii
Mitchell's Short-tailed Snake Rhinoplocephalus nigriceps
Red-bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus
Red-naped Snake Furina diadema
Port Lincoln Snake Rhinoplocephalus spectabilis
Small-eyed Snake Cryptophis nigrescens
Inland Taipan Oxyuranus microlepidota
Tiger Snake Notechis scutatus
Western Brown Snake Pseudonaja nuchalis
White-lipped Snake Drysdalia coronoides
Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Pelamis platurus
Yellow-faced Whipsnake Demansia psammophis
Curl Snake Suta suta
Coventry, A. J. and Robertson, P. 1991. The Snakes of Victoria – A Guide to their Identification. Department of Conservation & Environment/Museum of Victoria.
Cogger, H. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Reed Books.
Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2003. Reptiles of Australia. Princeton University Press.
Hi Robyn - Unfortunately our Curator for Herpetology is not able to positively identify the snake you saw from description alone. Perhaps you may be able to identify the snake yourself using images on our Bioinformatics website. I hope this helps!
That's very possible, Thalia. In an email to Ann our herpetologist explained that the snake in the photograph is either a tiger snake with little banding, or (possibly) a copper head. Colouration in both of these species varies widely. Further images are available here. Hope this helps!
We love receiving comments, but can't always respond.
Hello Cindy,
Unfortunately our Curator for Herpetology is not able to positively identify the snake you saw from description alone. Perhaps you may be able to identify the snake yourself using images on our Bioinformatics website.
Hi Alan, most snake repellers operate by generating vibrations through the ground that snakes are supposed to find discomforting. We don't know of any sound scientific basis for these repellers to work but there is much evidence that they don't work. According to anecdotal evidence, they may work under certain circumstances with certain snake species, but generally they don't seem to deter snakes at all.
The best way to deter snakes is to make the environment around the house as unappealling as possible. This involves removing long grass, eliminating prey (such as rodents), removing sheets of tin and wood piles on the ground, and removing access to water bodies near the house.
Hi Janelle,
You can locate the commonly found snakes in the Little River area by using the species checklist on the Bioinformatics website.
Hi Anika - you are welcome to send us the images you have via our Ask the Experts page, there's a good chance the remains may not be identifiable as some species can be difficult to identify without a very clear photograph, but if you can send us what you've got we're happy to have a look for you
Hi Alana, there are a number of different species in the genus Nephila, but Nephila edulis is found in Queensland.
To read the latest tweets from @museumvictoria
Follow Museum Victoria on
Hi Anna, the white spots are most likely mites, or at least mite sloughs. If this is the case the lizards should be treated as soon as possible with an appropri...

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Friday 28 Nov 2014
The super-rich have grown in number since 2008, adding the feel-good factor to this year's fair
Artist says she is "very reluctant" to be involved in planned YBA exhibition in Moscow, but will use the opportunity to promote equality
Our selection of pieces with back stories that add interest as well as value
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The director of Miami Beach's Bass Museum of Art on how a Swiss art fair has helped make South Florida buzz each December
Limited editions and multiples demystified
Post-internet artists take art offline
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Works by 61 artists from the Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection on show
Phyllida Barlow is a British artist who is embracing the message of modern America
Only humans can make art—but can we find its roots in our closest animal relatives?
The artist's first solo show in a US museum is long overdue
One of the more bizarre pieces of public art in Miami this week is the life-sized inflatable Alpine chalet, complete with log walls and snow-covered roof, that bobs incongruously on its own artificial iceberg in the warm sea of Miami's Virginia Key,...
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The media frenzy around the discovery of a massive and richly decorated tomb in Amphipolis, near Serres shows now signs of slowing down, especially since a skeleton was found at the site last week that is believe to be on of Alexander the Great's generals. To appease the insatiable archaeology fans, this weekend, Skai TV and the newspaper Kathimerini released a 3D animated tour of the tomb, showing the treasures archaeologists have uncovered so far: two sphinxes, two caryatids and an intricate floor mosaic.
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Dennisport House Rental Photos and Description
5 Bedrooms, 2 Full Bathrooms, One Half Bathroom, Sleeps 12
This house is located in a great location were you can get to just about anything you want to . We have in town many great beaches along the road and on the bayside. When not going to the beach you can choose golfing, miniature golf, boats to the islands, biking, whale watching, shopping in Hyannis, Chatham, Ptown, flea market, movies, restaurants formal and casual, many ice cream places. Cape Cod Play house, We have down the street a great place to buy fresh sea food and if you want lobsters they will even cook them for you, you just call ahead.
- Suitability:
- Long-term Renters Welcome
- Minimum Age Limit for Renters
- children welcome
- non smoking only
- pets not allowed
Guestbook comments from the owner
Hi Laurie! Thank you so much for opening your lovely home to us. It was just perfect for our three generations vacation. Your home is spacious and clean with many updated amenities. We especially enjoyed the AC given the hot and humid week we had as well as the very short walk to the beach. You are hospitable and responsive and made the rental process so easy. Thanks again-See you next year!


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Gal Gadot to Play Wonder Woman in 'Batman vs. Superman'
Gal Gadot will play Wonder Woman in the untitled "Batman vs. Superman" movie.
Henry Cavill and Ben Affleck are set to star with Zack Snyder directing.
"Wonder Woman is arguably one of the most powerful female characters of all time and a fan favorite in the DC Universe. Not only is Gal an amazing actress, but she also has that magical quality that makes her perfect for the role. We look forward to audiences discovering Gal in the first feature film incarnation of this beloved character," Snyder said.
PHOTOS: Batman and Other Casting Controversies
Variety first reported that Gadot, "G.I. Joe: Retaliation" thesp Elodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko had tested for the part that was believed to be Wonder Woman.
The Wonder Woman rumor has been kicking around for some time, and insiders believe the plan is to have not just Batman and Superman in the film but several members of the Justice League as well. It's unclear which members, but Wonder Woman (Diana Prince) and the Flash are said to be locks to make an appearance in some fashion, whether that's a significant role or a cameo.
Warners will also look to now cast the villain with "Zero Dark Thirty" and "300: Rise of the Empire" star Callan Mulvey someone Warner Bros. is eyeing to play the role.
Pic will bow July 17, 2015. Gadot was last seen in "The Fast and Furious 6" and is repped by ICM Partners.
Related storiesVariety's Picks: Van Damme's Epic Split Stunt, Billie Joe Armstrong and Norah Jones' New Album, 'Frozen' App, MoreWonder Woman to Appear in Batman-Superman? WB's Greg Silverman Addresses RumorsWatch Zack Snyder's Animated 75th Anniversary Superman Short 2013 Variety Media, LLC, a subsidiary of Penske Business Media; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLCCopyright © 2014, Hartford Courant


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Star turn: martyn lawrence bullard' hollywood home, Star turn: martyn lawrence bullard's hollywood home one of tv's favorite decorators, martyn lawrence bullard fills his home with enough hollywood glamour to live up. Benjamin moore 2014 hue awards - martyn lawrence bullard, The benjamin moore hue awards recognizes the exceptional use of color in architecture and interior design. see our commercial interior award winner, martyn. Cote de texas: martyn lawrence-bullard, Picture of lawrence-bullard's home that attracted the owner of the colony palms. built for valentino - this picture features the red, white and black that.
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Rush Limbaugh
About this title: Nationally syndicated radio talk-show host Rush Limbaugh has long wanted to make American history come to life for the children of his listeners, so he created the character of a fearless middle-school history teacher named Rush Revere, who travels back in time and experiences American history as it happens, in adventures with exceptional Americans. In this book, he is transported back to the deck of the Mayflower.
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The must-see's, must-do's and other basics about Amsterdam
Looking for a nice place to stay?
December 26 2014
November 29 2014
Thursday, November 27 201412:49AM
Two British tourist have been found dead in a hotel room in Amsterdam South. The Amsterdam health department put up electronic warning signpost in fron of Central Station.
The police say it is likely they died of using white heroine, that was sold as cocaine. Earlier this month, another tourist died of the same reason, bringing the total [....]
Thursday, November 20 201411:05AM
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Hidden treasures, going elsewhere & the unexpected
Some tips for further exploring Amsterdam


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2014 Children's Hospital Tournament
This past weekend, the Winnipeg Youth Soccer Association held its 23rd Annual Children's Hospital Tournament in support of the Children's Hospital Foundation of Manitoba. 171 teams participated in this very worthy fundraising event and we'd like to thank all of the teams, referees, volunteers and sponsors who helped make this year's event so great! Click here to view the final results!
FC Northwest Announces New Partnership
FC Northwest has announced a new partnership with Global Image Sports and A.C. Chievo Verona of Italy's Serie A. Please click here to read the official press release.
Children's Hospital Tournament Kicks Off Today!
The 23rd Annual Children's Hospital Tournament in support of the Children's Hospital Foundation kicks off today! Click here to read the official press release.
Manitoba Soccer Association appoints Technical Director
The Manitoba Soccer Association has appointed its new Technical Director, Marinos Papageorgopoulos. Please click here to read more.
St. Charles gears up to greet Prince Charles and Camilla, duchess of Cornwall
2014 Outdoor Soccer Season
All team schedules have now been uploaded and can be found by clicking the red/white Standings & Schedules button on the right side of this page.
For information on U9 - U12 LTPD match and training formats, please click here! For more information regarding the entire Long Term Player Development model, please click here!
Winnipeg Scores Big with Indoor Complex & BVSC Clubhouse Upgrade!
The Manitoba Government, City of Winnipeg and Winnipeg Soccer Federation have announced a massive expansion of Garden City Community Centre, which includes a 120,000-sq.ft. indoor field that can be split into four smaller fields and a fully lit outdoor synthetic turf field. Please click here to read the entire news release.
Additionally, the Bonivital Soccer Club has received funding from the City and Provincial governments to upgrade the Memorial Field Clubhouse. Please click here to read the entire news release!
CANADA earns hard fought draw versus USA
The Canadian Women's National Team earned a hard fought draw against the USA on May 8, 2014 at Investors Group field. Please click here to read the CSA's official press release.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can WYSA tell me which nights my child will likely be playing on for the Outdoor Season?
The following information is only a guideline to how games are scheduled for outdoor season play.
Recreational teams will generally play two (2) games per week during May & June with playoffs scheduled for September (No July/August play) for U12-U18. U9-U11 will play May/June and wrap up the season in early July.
Odd divisions (U9-U11-U13-U15-U17) will generally play on Tuesdays, Thursdays and/or Sundays depending on the number of teams in a division, field and referee availability.
Even divisions (U10-U12-U14-U16-U18) will generally play on Mondays, Wednesdays and/or Fridays depending on the number of teams in a division, field and referee availability.
Developmental teams will generally play one (1) game a week from the months of May to September with a planned break from the 2nd Monday of July until the 1st Tuesday in August.
U9 teams will generally play Monday, Wednesday or Friday matches.
U10 teams will generally play Tuesday, Thursday or Sunday matches.
U11 teams will generally play Monday, Wednesday or Friday matches.
U12 teams will generally play Tuesday, Thursday or Sunday matches.
Premier or Premier-Developmental teams:
There are no set nights of play. The Premier and Premier-Development League season runs from May through to the end of August with a planned break from the 2nd Monday of July until the 1st Tuesday in August. The City Playoffs will begin after the Labour Day long weekend and continue through to the final game in late September or early October.
At this time, there are no match cancellations. The match official will determined whether the field or conditions are unplayable at the field.
League wide cancellations will be posted here. In the event of an individual game cancellation, email notification will be sent directly to the teams.


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Gorgeous comforter!! However because of the fine materials used, the stitching pulls and the fabric rips. I have only had it a few weeks.
I'm moving into my first apartment and wanted a big, comfy, white comforter for my bed. First of all, the comforter is very THIN. It is not thick at all. It also is too short on the sides. I ordered a full size comforter, even checked the packaging, and it still doesn't fit my full size bed. I will be returning this comforter unfortunately.
This is polyester fabric that feels so synthetic it is like pantyhose touching your skin. It was going to go on my bed but I was so dissatisfied. It is not worth 100.00.
Nothing like the picture.. poor quality. There were threads coming out and barely any stuffing. Very flat comforter.
This comforter set is just as beautiful as the photo, and very soft and cozy. Wonderful pricing and value!
This was perfect for my guest room! Makes the room look more like a retreat than just a bedroom. Love the material!
The aesthetic of this bedspread is beautiful. However, I didn't notice that in the picture, the bed is not made. The bedspread looks better not made. Because the material looks much more thin when bed is actually made. The underneath of the bedspread is not sewn to the batting. So as you're sleeping it's almost like you have a sheet that's gets bunched up and you have to fiddle with it. For the price, I thought it would have been a little bit better quality.
I bought this comforter for my daughter's room and It looks amazing. It totally makes her room look like it came out from a magazine picture.
Bought this set opened the packaging and there was a rip on the seam approx 1.5 feet long, good thing is that Overstock fixed the issue right away. Thanks Elaine W. International Customer Care, you were a great help.
The comforter looks just like the picture. Visually it is beautiful. It is very light weight and delicate. Down side would be dry clean only
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Do you know what your teen is doing with her friends? Read on to learn about 31 dangerous, even deadly, teen fads you need to know about (37 Photos)
The Today Show
Car Surfing is back in the news again after a 16-year-old Florida girl suffered a massive brain injury while attempting it, according to TODAY. Teenage Hannah Huntoon was trying to ride on the trunk of a friend's car while holding onto the rear-window windshield wiper and fell off. In other incidents of the dangerous and illegal trend, kids have climbed on top of the roof or trunk of a moving car like they're surfing. Not only is the unrestrained surfer in danger, but the situation can get even more grave if the driver loses control or just follows the turns of the road. The result: A serious, potentially fatal accident.
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Paul HeymanPaul Heyman
- Birthdate: 09/11/1965 (age 49)
- Height: 5'10"
- Weight: 232 Ib
Paul Heyman has worked as a manager, promoter, ...
The obituary notes, "His knowledge, intelligence, street smarts, sense of humor, kindness, ethics, loyalty and sage wisdom enriched all those around him...There are no adjectives posted here, for no description could ever do this man justice. His grandchildren will one day tell their children about 'Papu,' and they will do so with great pride. Don't mourn this death. He got more out of life than a kid from the Depression could ever dream imaginable."
On behalf of everyone here on the website, I want to send our sincere condolences to the Heyman family and friends. R.I.P Richard Heyman.


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A primer on indirect fire crater analysis in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Enemy cannons in Iraq and Afghanistan have become non-players in an insurgency environment. Mortars and rockets have come to the forefront. They are easy to maneuver and have a small signature and fire-and-forget capability.
Crater analysis examines the craters produced by the enemy indirect fire system and provides important pieces of the intelligence puzzle that help template an adversary's fire support. The analysis often can determine the azimuth (direction) of fire, the type of weapon system firing and other information.
The insurgents and terrorists are employing unique techniques for indirect mortar or rocket fire on Coalition Forces: firing munitions laid against berms or other improvised devices, from the backs of trucks or at low angles--the latter projectiles often skipping along the ground, creating a series of furrows While mortars and rockets fired at low-angles violate the basic premise of their normal delivery, the enemy has had to modify his TTPs to survive.
Crater analysis of enemy mortars and rockets is an important facet of our counterstrike capabilities in Iraq and Afghanistan. By analyzing craters, units can confirm the presence of enemy mortars or rockets and determine a direction to them and their caliber. They may be able to confirm the suspected location of hostile weapons obtained by other means, leading to the weapon's being captured or destroyed, and (or) add data to pattern analyses of enemy indirect fire activities. Crater analysis also helps detect new types of enemy weapons, new calibers or new ammunition manufacturing methods. This information even is used to update national databases, which, in turn, support the Coalition Forces in theater.
Field Artillerymen, as the Army's fire supporters, must be the subject matter experts on conducting crater analysis and reporting the information obtained through channels. They must be able to train all other Soldiers and Marines and, as necessary, Air Force security forces in these critical TTPs in any theater of operations.
Units may organize a crater analysis team to conduct and analyze the information gathered about crater explosives. For example in Iraq, some units have established crater analysis teams at the brigade combat team (BCT) level and some at the division/unit of employment (UEx) level. In some areas, an explosive ordnance detachment (EOD) or quick-reaction force (QRF) may do the analysis.
This article is a primer for the first-line user in theater to help him detect and defeat the enemy indirect fire threat in Iraq and Afghanistan. Its discussion is limited to crater analyses for both high- and low-angle mortars and rockets (vice cannon artillery, air-delivered bomb and tank craters) because they are the indirect fire threats in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom (OIF and OEF) today.
When the indirect fire attack begins, the Soldier immediately sends the size, activity, location, unit, time and equipment (type of weapon firing, if known), or SALUTE, as his initial report to his higher headquarters. When the firing ceases and the area has been cleared, he conducts a crater analysis. Figure 1 summarizes the three steps of the crater analysis and reporting process.
Equipment to Conduct Crater Analysis. Most of the equipment required is available in the Army inventory. One Soldier can conduct crater analysis at each impact area, but for speed and other practical considerations, a crew of two or three is recommended.
Soldiers use a compass (lensatic/M2); nonmetallic stakes (use wood or plastic stakes to avoid detonating an unexploded munition); 550 cord, string or communications wire to obtain the direction from the crater to the weapon that fired the projectile; metric measuring tape to determine the size and depth of the crater and size of fragments; a digital camera, if available, to photograph the crater and fragments; gloves; and a paper or other bag or cardboard box to collect fragments.
The Soldier may need engineer tape to cordon off the crater(s) if the impact hits near a populated area. An impact attracts souvenir hunters.
The Soldier also will need a map, commercial off-the-shelf global positioning system (GPS) or precision lightweight GPS receiver (PLGR), if available. Ideally, he will be able to locate the crater to 10-digit grid accuracy.
Soldiers also may use a curvature template to measure the curvature of a projectile fragment, determining its caliber. The sample template shown in Figure 2 can be constructed of heavy cardboard, acetate, wood or other appropriate materials.
The model in Figure 2 on Page 39 is only an example of a curvature template. Each Soldier must construct a template based on the enemy indirect fire weapons found in his area of responsibility (AOR) using captured enemy ammunition shell remnants.
Units can create new curvature templates as they capture new enemy ammunition or find new projectile remnants in craters. Once created, these templates should be pushed to higher, lower and adjacent units so the information is captured and incorporated into unit TTPs. This historical data must not be lost during unit transitions of authority, only to be relearned by the new unit.
1. Locate the crater and determine the type of indirect fire weapon. The Soldier determines the location of the crater accurately enough to plot it on charts, maps or aerial photographs. He can do that using hasty survey (including with the GPS or PLGR) or map spotting. If the Soldier can analyze two or three craters, his data will be more accurate. He may even be able to triangulate the hostile weapon's position at the intersection of the firing azimuths of two or more craters.
The Soldier then determines what kind of indirect fire weapon caused the crater. He must know that to determine the crater analysis method to use. Figure 3 on Page 39 lists the enemy indirect fire weapons attacking friendly forces in Iraq and Afghanistan with their calibers, ranges and other information.
The Soldier can determine the type of weapon fired, the direction from which it fired and the projectile's angle of fall (high or low) from the pattern produced on the ground by the detonating projectile. He must keep in mind that due to irregularities of terrain and soil conditions, the "typical" crater pattern is the exception, not the rule. For example, sand, soft earth, concrete or asphalt will create deviations in the pattern.
Also, care must be exercised as craters caused by rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) can be confused with craters caused by mortars. The type of projectile that caused the crater may be the Soldier's best guess and will be confirmed upon further analysis of fragments with markings or remnants of the actual projectile or fuze that he collects.
The most useful fragments include the tail fin or tail boom section and fuze well fragments. If possible, the Soldier can take digital photos of these components with an object of known size in the field of view to help identify unusual or new munitions. He then collects the fragments found at the crater sites, using gloves or tools to pick them up and treat them like evidence.
High-Angle Mortar and Rocket Craters. Regardless of the fact that the insurgents sometimes fire mortars at low angles, mortar rounds were designed to be fired at high angles.
The difference between a crater caused by a high-angle mortar round and a high-angle rocket, generally, is the size and depth of the hole (most often the rocket crater will be larger and more random in shape).
The Soldier may hear the distinctive "thumping" sound the mortar makes when fired from relatively shorter ranges (as opposed to a rocket) to help identify and locate the weapon that fired. The Soldier may be able to determine the "flash-to-bang"--see the flash (showing him the direction to the hostile weapon) and then hear the bang of the firing weapon. By counting the seconds between the flash and bang, the Soldier can estimate the distance to the weapon. Sound travels at approximately 350 meters per second, so multiplying the number of seconds between the flash and bang by 350 will give the approximate distance to the hostile weapon in meters.
Field Artillerymen in 3d Infantry Division units in Iraq report receiving enemy rocket fires with sonic booms. A sonic boom immediately precedes the sound of a rocket's impact (if a dud) or detonation. This can be confusing because Soldiers can interpret the two sounds (boom and impact/detonation) as two incoming rockets vice one.
Tail fins, fuze well and base fragments and large body fragments retaining curvature found at the crater can help determine if the projectile is a rocket or mortar and its type. See Figure 4 for an example of a high-angle crater.
In a typical mortar crater (high-angle), the turf at the forward edge (the direction away from the hostile mortar) is undercut. The rear edge of the crater is shorn of vegetation and streaked by splinter grooves that radiate from the point of detonation. When fresh, the crater is covered with loose earth, which must be carefully removed to disclose the firm, burnt inner crater.
The ends of the splinter grooves on the rearward side generally form a straight line. This line is perpendicular to the line of flight if the crater is on level ground or on a slope with the contours perpendicular to the plane of fire.
A fuze tunnel is caused by the fuze burying itself in the bottom of the inner crater in front of the point of detonation.
Frequently mortar projectiles or rockets will not detonate on impact. In those cases, they make deep holes or bury themselves. Analyzing such holes may determine the direction and number of fins, depending on the soil type.
Low-Angle Mortar and Rocket Craters. In Iraq and Afghanistan, the enemy is using nonstandard and, in many cases, improvised firing techniques, as discussed earlier. He direct lays the projectile or uses Charge "0" (propellant in the igniter) by removing all external charge increments to give the projectile a minimum time in the air.
The detonation of a low-angle mortar round causes an inner crater (much as the traditional low-angle cannon crater, but on a smaller scale). See Figure 5 for an illustration of a low-angle mortar crater. The burst and momentum of the shell carry the effects forward and to the sides (side sprays), forming an arrow that points to the rear (toward the weapon that fired the round). The fuze continues along the line of flight, creating a fuze furrow.
The impact of a rocket fired at low angle may result in its bouncing or ricocheting along the surface of the earth (many times, rockets fail to detonate or are duds). Each of these rockets enter the ground in a line following the trajectory and continues in a straight line for a few feet, causing a groove or ricochet furrow. The rocket normally deflects upward and, at the same time, changes direction, usually to the right as the result of its spin (rotation). In some cases there are a series of furrows as the rocket skips across the surface of the ground. The Soldier must determine the true azimuth from the first furrow. See Figure 6 on Page 40 for an illustration of a furrow from a low-angle rocket crater.
The Soldier must examine the area to determine that the rocket was not deflected before or while making the furrow or his crater analysis will determine the wrong azimuth.
2. Select the best crater analysis method and conduct the analysis, determining the azimuth of fire and the projectile's caliber. The Soldier chooses the appropriate crater analysis method for his crater. See Figure 7 on Page 41 for a list of the types of mortars or rockets fired and their corresponding crater analysis methods.
High-Angle Mortar and Rocket Crater Analysis. For craters created by high-angle projectiles, main axis crater analysis (Figure 8 on Page 41) is the most common method used. Two other less commonly used methods are the splinter groove (Figure 9 on Page 41) and fuze tunnel (Figure 10) methods.
Low-Angle Mortar Crater Analysis Methods. There are two methods for this kind of crater: fuze furrow/center-of-crater and side spray. Using a combination of the two and averaging the results is the most accurate means of determining the azimuth of the hostile weapon fired, time permitting. See Figure 11 for the steps in the fuze furrow and center-of-crater analysis method.
The side spray crater analysis method bisects the angle formed by the lines of the side spray (Figure 12). This method is a continuation of the fuze furrow and center-of-crater method.
Low-Angle Rocket Crater Analysis. There are two methods of analyzing this kind of crater: ricochet furrow and mine action. The two methods use the same steps as illustrated in Figure 13. Directions obtained from ricochet craters are considered the most reliable.
In the mine action method, a Soldier must dig deeper to uncover the fuze furrow. Mine action occurs when a rocket bursts beneath the ground. Occasionally, such a burst will leave a furrow that can be analyzed in the same manner as the ricochet furrow. A mine action crater that does not have a furrow cannot be used to determine the direction to the weapon.
Caliber Determination. The Soldier determines the projectile's caliber using his curvature template to measure several projectile remnants. The size of the crater (width and depth) is some indication of caliber. Sometimes experts can identify the caliber from a digital photo or the actual fragments based on unique gas check bands, tail boom features, fin arrangement or the nozzle section of the rocket.
As time permits, the Soldier gathers and tags the remnants and fragments to send to the analysis team to provide additional information about the hostile weapon system. These can include the body or remnants of the projectile or fuze and fragments with bits of paint, stenciling, stampings, openings, thread counts, adapters, etc. Such recovered items can help identify the munition and provide other important information for the trained analyst. The fact that the fragments are made of aluminum, copper, brass, plastics, iron or steel also helps the analyst.
3. Submit the crater analysis report and projectile remnants/fragments to the appropriate organizations. A fill-in-the-blank form for information known at the time of the indirect fire attack or gathered during the crater analysis is shown in Figure 14. If a crater is more than six hours old, the data from that crater is considered unusable--due to various factors, such as wind/other weather and activities at that location.
Once the report is complete, it is important to get the information to the correct organization. Where possible, this includes sending digital photos of key components so they can be analyzed and forwarded quickly to higher level intelligence agencies. Figure 15 is a diagram for distributing the information when the analysis is complete.
Regardless of how little information is in a report, leaders must not hesitate to forward it. Fragmentary or incomplete information (even by radio or telephone) is often valuable in supplementing or confirming existing information. The radio or telephone report may be followed by a written report. A small and seemingly inconsequential piece of information could be the missing piece of the intelligence puzzle when grouped with other reports.
All usable projectile remnants of fragments obtained from the crater should be tagged or labeled and sent to the maneuver battalion S2. At a minimum, the tag should include the following information: location of the crater, direction of the hostile weapon, type of weapon fired (if known) and the date/time group of the indirect fire attack.
This article is not all-inclusive. The enemy threat and systems in Iraq and Afghanistan vary from one unit's AOR to another--as do the methods units employ to defeat their threats. However, this primer can help a unit develop TTPs to deal with its enemy threat and tram Soldiers and others in crater analysis. The success of an operation could depend upon the accuracy and completeness of a crater analysis.
The Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, is writing a more comprehensive handbook to help leaders and Soldiers maintain their crater analysis and reporting skills. The handbook will provide a quick reference and be a job aid for conducting a crater analysis. It is projected to be published in July and distributed on the Fires Knowledge Network (FKN) on Army Knowledge Online (AKO).
The proponent for the handbook is the Fire Support Instructor Section. B Battery, 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery (B/1-30 FA), that can be contacted through the 13F Fire Support Specialist link on the FKN or by calling commercial (580) 442-4289 or DSN 639-5114.
Crater analysis is not just Field Artillerymen's business. It's the business of every Soldier, Marine, Airman and land-based Sailor in theater to know crater analysis TTPs and protect the force.
Crater Analysis References:
* Field Manual (FM) 6-50 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TPP) for the Field Artillery Cannon Battery [Marine Corps Warfighting Publication, or MCWP, 3-1.6.23], Appendix J, "Crater Analysis and Reporting" (December 1996)
* FM 3-09.12 TTP for Field Artillery Target Acquisition [MCRP 3-16.1A], Appendix B, "Crater Analysis and Reporting" (June 2002)
* FM 7-90 TTP for the Tactical Employment of Mortars, Appendix D, "Crater Analysis" (October 1992)
* B/1-30 FA Crater Analysis Handbook on Fires Knowledge Network.
* The Navy's explosive ordnance detachment (EOD) document "Iraqi Ordnance Identification Guide" is at https://naveodtechdiv.navsea.navy.mil/iraqoig/.
Captain Edward J. Coleman, until recently, commanded B Battery, 1st Battalion, 30th Field Artillery (B/1-30 FA), Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and was the initial Project Officer for the "Crater Analysis Handbook." Currently, he is the S3 of the 4th Brigade, 91st Training Division in Fifth Army at Phoenix, Arizona. He also was the Senior Multiple-Launch Rocket System (MLRS) Instructor in the Field Artillery School. Before taking command of B/1-30 FA, he deployed to Kuwait as the Intelligence Officer for 2-18 FA attached to the 41st FA Brigade, V Corps, in support of Operation Iraq Freedom (OIF). He also commanded Headquarters Battery of 6-32 FA, 212th FA Brigade, III Corps Artillery, Fort Sill.
Sergeant First Class Rico R. Bussey is a 13F Fire Support Specialist with eight-plus years in the Army. In July, the Air Force qualified him as the Army's first 13F Special Operations Terminal Attack Controller (SOTAC), and as Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) Instructor. He is a Senior Fire Support Vehicle and 13F One-Station Unit Training (OSUT) Instructor in the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill, assigned to B/1-30 FA. During OIF, he was a Company Team Sergeant and, later, a Battalion Fire Support Sergeant for 3-327 IN as part of 2-320 FA, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). Upon his return to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, with the 101st Division, he became the Brigade Fire Support Sergeant for the 159th Aviation Brigade.
The authors wish to thank the instructors and leaders of the Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma; the National Ground Intelligence Center in Charlottesville, Virginia; and experts on crater analysis from several units either currently deployed in Iraq or recently redeployed for their contributions to this article.
By Captain Edward J. Coleman and Sergeant First Class Rico R. Bussey
1 Locate the crater and determine the type of indirect fire weapon that created the crater. 2 Select the best analysis method and conduct the analysis, determining the azimuth of fire, the projectile's caliber and the distance to the weapon (if possible). 3 Submit a crater analysis report to the maneuver unit S2 and fires and effects cell (FEC) targeting section, and send fragmentation and projectile remnants to the maneuver unit S2 for further analysis. Figure 1: The Steps in Crater Analysis and Reporting Caliber Max Range Extended Range Rate of Fire Weapon (mm) In Theater (km) In Theater (km) (rd/min) Mortar 60 2.7 N/A 20-30 (15-20) (1) Mortar 81 5.65 N/A 20-25 (10-15) (1) Mortar 82 3.04 4.9 (2) 20-25 (10-15) (1) Mortar 100 4.75 N/A 10-15 Mortar 120 5.7 9.4 (3) 5-7 Mortar 160 8.04 N/A 4-5 Rocket 57 6.8 N/A 1 per 0.5 sec (4) Rocket 68 6.2 N/A 1 per 0.5 sec (4) Rocket 80 9.1 N/A 1 per 0.5 sec (4) Rocket 81 8.3 N/A 1 per 0.5 sec (4) Rocket 107 8.5 10 1 per 0.5 sec (4) Rocket 122 20.4 36 1 per 0.5 sec (4) Rocket 127 30 37+ 1 per 0.5 sec (4) 1. Rate of fire listed initially is not for aimed fire and not sustainable for more than a few minutes, depending on the mortar. The second rate is for aimed fire. 2. Long-Flange Mortar 3. Rocket-Assisted Projectile (RAP) 4. Most often, the enemy uses a firing control box that fires subsequent rockets in order. If fired manually, these rockets each have a rate of fire of 2-3 seconds apart. Figure 3: Threat Mortar and Rocket Characteristics. This is a list of indirect fire weapons fired at Coalition Forces after major combat operations (MCO) in OIF, as of June 2005. Note that the maximum range can be increased significantly by tail winds, high propellant temperature and low atmospheric pressure. (Source: National Ground Intelligence Center, Charlottsville, Virginia) High-Angle Mortar and Rocket Craters * Fuze Furrow and Center-of-Crater Method * Side Spray Method Low-Angle Mortar Craters * Ricochet Method * Mine Action Method Low-Angle Rocket Craters * Main Axis Method * Splinter Groove Method * Fuze Tunnel Method Figure 7: Methods of Crater Analysis for Enemy Mortars and Rockets in Iraq and Afghanistan 1 Lay a stake along the main axis of the crater, dividing the crater into symmetrical halves. The stake points in the direction of the mortar. 2 Set up a direction-measuring instrument in line with the stake and away from fragments. 3 Orient the instrument. 4 Measure the direction to the hostile weapon. Figure 8: Main Axis Method of High-Angle Mortar and High-Angle Rocket Crater Analysis 1 Lay a stake along the ends of the splinter grooves that extend from the crater. 2 Lay a second stake perpendicular to the first stake through the axis of the fuze tunnel to create an angle "T." 3 Set up a direction-measuring instrument in line with the second stake and back away from fragments. 4 Orient the instrument. 5 Measure the direction to the hostile weapon. Figure 9: Splinter Groove Method of High-Angle Mortar and High-Angle Rocket Crater Analysis 1 Drive a stake into the center of the crater. 2 Position the measuring instrument in line with the stake. 3 Orient the measuring instrument and measure the direction to the direction to the hostile weapon. Figure 10: Fuze Tunnel Method of High-Angle Mortar and High-Angle Rocket Crater Analysis 1 Drive a stake down into the center of the crater. 2 Drive a second stake in the fuze furrow. 3 Set up a direction-measuring instrument in line with the stakes but back away from any fragment in the crater. 4 Orient the instrument. 5 Measure the direction to the hostile weapon. Figure 11: Steps in the Fuze Furrow and Center-of-Crater Method for Low-Angle Mortar Crater Analysis 1 Drive a stake down into the center of the crater. 2 Drive two stakes, one each at the end of each side spray equidistant from the center stake. 3 Hold a length of communications wire (or another field expedient) to each side spray stake and strike an arc forward of the fuze furrow. 4 Drive a stake where these arcs intersect. 5 Set up a direction-measuring instrument in line with the center stake and the stake at the intersection of the arcs. 6 Orient the instrument. 7 Measure the direction to the hostile weapon. Figure 12: Side Spray Method of Low-Angle Mortar Crater Analysis 1 Clean out the furrow. 2 Drive stakes into each end of a usable straight section of the furrow. 3 Set up a direction-measuring instrument in line with the stakes and back away from fragments. 4 Orient the instrument. 5 Measure the direction to the hostile weapon. Figure 13: Steps in the Ricochet Furrow and Mine Action Methods of Low-Angle Rocket Crater Analysis. The difference between the two methods is that in the Mine Action Method, the Soldier has to dig down to find the furrow.
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Three Cheers for Ohmikegoodness!!!
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Original Article
Causal effects of latitude, disturbance and dispersal limitation on richness in a recovering temperate, subtropical and tropical forest
Article first published online: 4 NOV 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01351.x
© 2011 International Association for Vegetation Science
Journal of Vegetation Science
Volume 23, Issue 2, pages 339–351, April 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Leithead, M., Anand, M., Duarte, L. d. S., D. Pillar, V. (2012), Causal effects of latitude, disturbance and dispersal limitation on richness in a recovering temperate, subtropical and tropical forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 23: 339–351. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01351.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 14 MAR 2012
- Article first published online: 4 NOV 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: 12 SEP 2011
- Manuscript Received: 18 AUG 2010
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I am trying to figure out how to install the proper Debian packages for Perl. I am getting a make error of:
Failed to read the configuration: Bad file descriptor at Makefile.PL line 8.
My Makefile.PL file contain the following line up to line 9:
use 5.008000;
use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
# Read the parameters from Triceps Makefiles
delete $ENV{MAKEFLAGS}; # these cause spurious messages from make
delete $ENV{MAKELEVEL};
my $TRICEPS_CONF = `make --quiet -f ../../cpp/Makefile.inc getconf`;
die "Failed to read the configuration: $!" if ($! != 0);
As described here at http://www.directadmin.com/forum/showthread.php?t=43558&page=1 I am trying to find the equivalent apt-get install commands for the current version of Debian for:
yum install cpan
yum install perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
cpan install ExtUtils::Install
I am trying to find the equivelant Debian solution but unsure which packages to download or install. What would be the exact apt-get install commands needed to properly make this within Debain?
These Perl packages don't appear in Debian as you would expect Thanks


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Cheap laptop - Dell Latitude 110L WIFI, Windows XP and office software. The Dell latitude 110L Windows XP laptop, Has a 1.4ghz Intel Celeron M cpu and a ...
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