text:
Speak with a Hat Expert
Se Habla Español
Bodmer Safari Fedora Hat
|Wind River by Bailey is a collection of rugged, functional headwear for the adventurer and explorer in us all.Built for the stylish outdoor enthusiast, these products maintain the quality and elegance inspired by Bailey's rich hertiage, since 1922.The Bailey Bodmer Safari Fedora from the Wind River Collection, is stylish but durable. Crafted out of linen cloth, the pinch front safari crown is trimmed with a jute band and 4 eyelets for maximum ventilation.4 1/8" crown.3 1/8" brim.Made of:55% linen.45% cotton.Woven Polyester Sweatband.Contrast Grosgrain Sweatband with Accent.Bailey side pin.Color: Pumice.Sizes: Small, Medium, Large and X-Large.
Elliot Fedora Hat
|So soft and light in weight, the Bailey of Hollywood Elliot intricately knits a combination of paper and thermo in a garter bond that maintains its fedora shape in spite of wear and tear. A slim grosgrain band nicely features a natural Bailey wood chip logo and offers a neat contrast over the breezy paper stitch. A custom Bailey soft polyester sweatband allows this light pre-snapped trilby to sit snugly but comfortably on your crown. The stylish and Elliot is a low-maintenance fashion option. 4" crown. 2 1/8" brim. Made of: 50% paper. 50% thermo. -Pre-Snap Brim -Packable -Contrast Grosgrain Headband & Loop -Bailey Natural Wood Chip Logo -Woven Polyester Sweatband
Brian Erwin Fedora Hat
|Designed in San Francisco The night is young, and so is he who dons the Brian Erwin Fedora by Goorin Brothers. Take a cue from the gangsters of the 1920s whose powerful demeanors proved that looks can kill. Brian Erwin's classy pinch and crease, triple pleat pinpoint hatband and matching brim finish will transform you into a tough, suit-wearing maverick with unrivaled style. Featuring a wool felt body and lined in plaid with pinpoint underbrim and an interfaced corduroy sweatband, this fedora will leave you looking dapper as ever. Approx. 4" c-crownApprox. 1 1/2" pre-snap brim Made of:35% wool35% polyester30% cotton Triple pleat pinpoint hatbandCorduroy sweatbandPlaid liningGoorin Bros. side pin
Houndstooth Fedora Hat - Child
|Have the trendiest kid on the block with the Hi-Dee-Ho Houndstooth Fedora Hat! With a classic print, like houndstooth, this timeless fedora will turn heads to your kiddo for all the right reasons! Approx. 1 3/4" pre-snap brimApprox. 4" c-crown Made of: 100% polyester Grosgrain ribbon sweatbandPolyester linedPlastic buckle Size: Kids. 4 - 6 years old.
Genie by Edie with Leopard Hatband Fedora Hat
|Genie by Eugenia Kim came about in 2007 as an answer to affordable, luxurious hats with a quirky sense of style. Channel the chic relaxed look by wearing the camel Edie fedora trimmed with a leopard hatband. Perfect for shopping with the girls, this stingy brim fedora will not disappoint! Approx. 1 3/8" pre-snap brimApprox. 4 1/2" crown Made of: 100% toyo straw Grosgrain ribbon sweatbandLeopard hatbandUnlinedSize: One size fits most. Fits up to size 7 1/8 comfortably.
Overcheck Walking Fedora Hat
|Made in New Zealand. The Overcheck Walker is a quality crafted hat. Constructed of fine lambswool, the Walker showcases an attractive glencoe fine overcheck plaid pattern, designed with a sturdy pre-snap brim and comfortable cotton sweatband. 4" crown.2" pre-snap brim.Made of: 100% lambswool.Cotton sweatband.HHNZ side pin.FeaturesSPORT X DRY - a fabric that features rapid water wicking and diffusion characteristics. Fabric will draw moisture away from the skin without sticking and will rapidly diffuse and dry, to leave you comfortable and cool.SANITIZED - Antimicrobial ProtectionProtects this article from microbial attach and prevents durably bacterial and fungi growth. For your safty and greatest use comfort.Sanitized does for this hat what deodorants do for you: Even after intensive use, the product remains hygenically fresh, keeping unpleasant odors away.
Angle Stripe Arnold Fedora Hat
|The Angle Stripe Arnold is a modern interpretation of the classic Kangol trilby shape. The raised textured stripes create an angle knit design using a subtle marl yarn, while the stingy snap brim allows this style to be worn as an everyday casual hat. Approx. 2 1/8" brim Approx. 4" C-Crown Made of: 77% acrylic 16% nylon 7% wool Cotton lining Comfort nylon sweatband Embroidered watermark
Safari Rain Hat
|The Safari Rain hat is the perfect headwear for cold and humid weather. The cotton blend fabric is coated in the special Aquastop coating making this hat water repellant and resistant to washing and cleaning with fantastic breathing qualities. The tan grosgrain hatband is trimmed with a reflective material for your protection. Approx. 4" crown Approx. 2 1/2" brim Made of: 90% cotton 10% polyurethane Grosgrain ribbon hat band with reflector Plaid cotton lining Cotton-poly sweatband Aquastop coating
2 Tone Hemp Stingy Brim Fedora Hat
|Borsalino is synonymous with class, a long of lineage of elegant hats atop of iconic people. Their line of hats are what every hat wearer desires to own at one point in their lifetime. Per usual, Borsalino's new line of straw hats are worthy of that podium that Borsalino has set long ago. Borsalino Stingy Brim-2Tone-Hemp Fedora is a alluring summer fedora that can not be mistaken for anything but a Borsalino. The 2Tone-Hemp fedora is as unique a fedora as you will encounter, a black crown with a white brim. Borsalino has made a unique and fun fedora that is both elegant and yet light hearted as well. Approx. 3 3/4" center dent crownApprox. 1 3/4" snap brim Made of: 100% Hemp Straw Grosgrain ribbon hatband Grosgrain sweatband Unlined
Salvador Fedora Hat
|Inspired by one of the world's best-known musical signatures, the Santana Hat Collection reflects the passion and soul of Carlos Santana's artistry which transcends musical genres and generational, cultural and geographical boundaries. The Salvador Fedora is a new addition to the evergrowing collection of panama straw fedoras from Santana. This fedora is styled after the iconic panama fedora, but as with any Santana hat there is a twist on the old. Approx. 2" snap brim Approx. 4 1/4" tear drop crown Made of: 100% Shauntung Straw Custom tooled leather sweatbandAbraxas angel side pinStitched grosgrain ribbon hatbandUnlined
Raffia and Fabric Trilby Hat
|Borsalino is synonymous with class, a long of lineage of elegant hats atop of iconic people. Their line of hats are what every hat wearer desires to own at one point in their lifetime. Per usual, Borsalino's new line of straw hats are worthy of that podium that Borsalino has set long ago. Borsalino Trilby Raffia Fabric Fedora is a alluring summer fedora that can not be mistaken for anything but a Borsalino. A lightweight raffia straw, this fedora offers breathability, as well as, versatility due to it's color pattern and brim size. This trilby is truly a summer staple for any hat aficionado. Approx. 4" Center dent CrownApprox. 2" pre-snap brim Made of: 100% Raffia Straw Grosgrain ribbon hatband Grosgrain sweatband Lined
Diamond Crown Aircool Brisa Fedora Hat
|Made in the USA Looking for something stylish that will also keep you cool? Introducing the Biltmore Diamond Crown Aircool Brisa Fedora with great ventilation to keep you shaded in the sun but not sweating under your hat. 1 1/2" Brim4" Diamond Crown. Made of:Brisa Straw Unlined.Grosgrain Hat Band.Biltmore side pin.
Greyson Braid Center Dent Fedora Hat
|New to our collection of Bailey's hats is the Greyson center dent fedora with a snap brim and toyolene braid hat band. 4" Center Dent Crown.2" Snap Brim. Made of:Toyolene Braid Unlined.Toyolene Braid Hat Band.Bailey Side Pin.Sweatband.
Essential Fur Felt Fedora Hat
|Inspired by one of the world's best-known musical signatures, the Santana Hat Collection reflects the passion and soul of Carlos Santana's artistry which transcends musical genres and generational, cultural and geographical boundaries. Make the Carlos Santana Essential Fedora Hat an essential part of your wardrobe. Simple and clean, this center dent fedora is on point. Made of fur felt, this hat is perfect for the fall and winter months. From your purchase, a portion of the proceeds will be donated on your behalf to The Milagro Foundation. The Milagro Foundation is a publicly supported foundation established by Carlos Santana and his family in 1998. Milagro makes grants around the world to community based organizations that work with underserved and vulnerable children in the areas of education, health and the arts. Approx. 2 1/8" snap brimApprox. 4 1/4" center dent crown Made of: fur felt Custom tooled leather sweatbandAbraxas angel side pinCustom grograin ribbon hatbandCustom lining
Laredo Safari Hat
|Made in Italy The Borsalino Laredo Safari Hat is a great piece of headwear! Made of fur felt, this safari hat features a leather hatband along with a Borsalino side pin. Put together with superb quality, this fedora will get you through the fall and winter months. Approx. 2 7/8" underwelt brimApprox. 3 3/4" pinched crown Made of: 100% fur felt Leather sweatbandLeather hatbandBorsalino side pinSatin lined
Astor Panama Fedora Hat
|Made in the USABailey Astor Panama Fedora introduces a square crown that creates a new turn in the style of the genuine panama fedora.3 3/8" square crown2" flair brim. Made of: 100% genuine panama straw. Unlined.Bailey side pin.Belt hatband.Sweatband.
Parlor Fedora Hat
|Size: Runs large Small = 7Medium = 7 1/4Large = 7 1/2 Inspired by music and culture, created in 2004, the timeless and clean design of the Brixton collection is hard to duplicate and comes in a variety of styles that appeal to the individual in a modern yet traditional way. Each piece is constructed with the commitment to bringing the customer a high quality and limited product that they'll want to hold onto forever. The Brixton Parlor Fedora is a fine tailored straw hat, pair with your favorite summer dress, white tee and shorts, or your favorite floral skirt! A great warm weather topper, the wide bold brown grosgrain ribbon hatband is finished with a brass button detail. Approx. 4" center dent crownApprox. 2 1/8" brim Made of: 100% toyo straw Cotton polka-dot sweatbandUnlined
St. John Fedora Hat
|Keep your summer style looking classic with the St. John Fedora. Simple and sophisticated, the durable wheat straw braid is trimmed with a grosgrain bow hatband and is finished with the signature Christys' Crown side pin. Approx. 4 1/4" crown Approx. 2" brim Made of: 100% braided wheat straw Grosgrain ribbon sweatband with custom Christys' moleskin leather padding Signature Christys' Crown side pin Grosgrain ribbon hat band Unlined
Basix Fedora Hat
|Sexy and Seductive! This fedora is smokin' hot with its stylish attractive rich fuchsia color! This wool felt fedora displays the ideal crown and brim shape, allowing you to have the perfect profile! 4" center dent crown.1 3/4" pre-snap brim.Made of: 100% wool felt.Satin floral print lining.Cotton twill sweatband.Christys' Crown side pin.Grosgrain ribbon hatband.
Break-Up Safari Hat
|Mossy Oak's most popular pattern was revamped using the latest digital imagery and printing technology. A new era of camouflage was born. Today, BREAK-UP has been voted America's best camouflage several times over and continues to be a versatile pattern used effectively in various hunting situations from flooded timber to deep woods deer hunting. Three remarkable new concealment advancements to Mossy Oak patterns, are first, the improved Bottomland base is digitally enhanced for better blending. The addition of ghost shadows enhanced 3-D illusion and realism. And finally, improved elements like bark, branches and leaves to mimic actual colors found in nature.3 3/4" crown.2 1/2" brim.Made of: 60% cotton.40% polyester.Cotton sweatband.Eyelets for ventilation.Water repllent.Mossy Oak side pin.
Wool Packable Fedora Hat
|Made of light and crushable wool felt, the Mayser Wool Packable Fedora Hat is perfect for traveling the world! Wear it on your head or pack it away in your bag, this fedora is both stylish and functional. Complete with a contrasting wool felt hatband, this hat will not disappoint!Approx. 4" pinched crown Approx. 2 3/8" underwelt snapbrim Made of: 100% wool felt Polyester sweatband Contrasting wool hatband PackableUnlined
Madras Fedora Hat - Kids
|Every mini explorer needs a signature topper! Journey to the isle of style with this kids Madras Fedora Hat by San Diego Hat Co. Adding girlish flair to all her summertime staples, this kaleidoscope of bright colors and fun patterns is the perfect look for your budding trendsetter. Approx. 1 5/8" pre-snap brimApprox. 4" c-crown Made of: 100% cotton Two toned hatbandCotton lined Size: Kids age 5 - 7 years old.
Hugo Fedora Hat
|The Mayser Hugo Fedora Hat is perfect for the colder months. Made of wool and designed in Germany, this fedora features a suede hatband along with a pinched center dent crown for a great look. Approx. 3 1/2" pinched center dent crownApprox. 2 1/8" brim Made of: 100% virgin wool Suede hatband with bucklePolyester sweatbandViscose lining
Bao Straw Fedora Hat
|Comfortable and lightweight, this burgundy Bao Straw Fedora by Christys' Crown Series is beautifully constructed and fashionably designed. With a touch of color, this fedora is perfect for the summer! Complete with an underwelt snap brim, this straw fedora is versatile. Wear it with the brim snapped down for a classic look or snap it up for a more modern look.Approx. 4" c-crown Approx. 2" snap brim Made of: 100% bao strawTwo tone grosgrain ribbon hatbandPoly blend sweatbandChristys' side pinUnlined Size: One size fits most. Fits up to size 7 1/8 comfortably.
Tilth Gambler Fedora Hat
|The Tilth is a textured gambler crown fedora, that has a style fitting for any well-dressed man. Apart of the Unique Collection from Bigalli, this 100% wool felt hat is all things amazing, with its water repellency and crushability! 3 1/2" gambler crown.1 3/4" sewn bill/visor.Made of: 100% wool felt.Bigalli side pin.Grosgrain ribbon sweatband.Water repellent.Satin lined.
Dune Fedora Hat
|This black Block Dune Fedora will keep you cool during warm summer nights! The lightweight poly-cotton blend stingy brim, serves simple styling at its best. Approx. 4" crownApprox. 1 3/8" pre-snap brim Made of: 40% cotton 60% polyester Poly-cotton stripe sweatband Block logo tab Unlined
Signor Moretti Fedora Hat
|The Moretti Fedora from Goorin Bros is a great hat for the upcoming fall/winter season. Masculine pinstripes provide the best background for the contrasting 3-pleat jacquard pug hat band. 4 1/2" c-crown.1 3/4" stitched brim. Jacquard lining.Cotton twill sweatband. Goorin Bros side pin.
Johnny C-Crown Fedora Hat
|Mayser Hats is a brand that is long associated with the highest levels of quality in hat making. A style for men, this lightweight straw fedora is designed with a high c-crown and an ultra stingy up-turned brim.A cotton tan band wraps around the crown and custom cotton sweatband lines the inside to keep you cool when the temperatures rise. 3 3/4" crown. 1 1/4" up-turned brim. Made of: 100% straw. Cotton sweatband. Cotton band. Logo side tab. Unlined.
George C-Crown Fedora Hat
|Made in SlovakiaMayser Hats is a brand that is long associated with the highest levels of quality in hat making. A style for men, this lightweight straw fedora is designed with a c-crown, contrasting white band and comfortable cotton sweatband to keep you cool when the temperatures rise.3 5/8" crown.2 1/4" brim.Made of: 100% straw.Cotton sweatband.Cotton band.Logo side tab.Unlined.
Cork Brim Fedora Hat
|If you're looking for a unique fedora, look no further! This Cork Brim Fedora Hat by San Diego Hat Co. features a charcoal linen cotton blend crown along with a wood cork pre-snap brim. Perfect for showing off your style on the streets, this fedora will not disappoint! Approx. 1 7/8" pre-snap brim Approx. 4" c-crown Made of: Shell: 55% linen, 45% cottonBrim: 100% woodLining: 100% cotton Cotton sweatband Wood cork brimCuston cotton lining Size: One size fits most. Fits up to size 7 1/8 comfortably.
INT'L: +1 619-906-4440 Se habla español
Shop for Hats at VillageHatShop.com | Privacy Policy | Site Map
Copyright © 1999-2014 Village Hat Shop: The #1 Source for Hats Online
Do You Have a Coupon?Enter Coupon Code Here:
Choose a Shipping Option


text:
Womens Coventina Gilet
A cosy, warm and stylish gilet with the quality you'd expect from Weird Fish. The Coventina Gilet is made from a soft knit fabric with a super-soft brushed jersey backing for ultimate comfort.
FREE STANDARD UK DELIVERY 20 - 23 November 2014
Product Features
As an alternative, you may prefer.....

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Do you like this article?
|Posted by:
|Susan Jose
|User Rating
|(9 Votes)
|reality, winton, pure canadian, sweety_ursh, luv_pavi, Gur.N.cool, yipee, talkativetaurus
It's a good film, ranbir always act very good, natural
have not seen the movie yet but looking forward to as find ranbir an amazing actor.. he just does not have style but very natural acting talent ..
this was one of the disaster movie oder then some light moment nothing in this film deserve 3&1/2 star.ranbir acting is good but due to only the person whom he acts are poor actor,damm...........in bollywood substance doesn't matter but style matter...........kunal khemu is better actor then ranbir............he sucks alot.see katrina she doesn't know nothing about acting still she rule b,coz of face only.....dats disgusting
Edited on:20 December 2009 at 6:22pm
watched and loved the movie
ranbir was great
rabir roksssssss!!!!
you great dude you are ausome
after reading reveiw cant wait to watch it
Can't wait to watch it!
It is a very good movie
must watch
Ranbir rocks it
will watch it for my new hottie vutie ranbir the superstar ;]
i will watch this movie just for ranbirrr
Hussain Kuwajerwala will soon be seen in Colors' popular reality show ...
Watch the first episode of Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya Season III on 21st ... 28
Jacqueline Fernandes will be sporting two complete different looks for ...
Commenting on the Supreme Court ruling that struck down the bar on ... 1


text:
Over The Edge/Ooh Child
by Tim Green
Art Print
Collect your choice of gallery quality Giclée, or fine art prints custom trimmed by hand in a variety of sizes with a white border for framing.
Partially inspired by this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=In7enKVo2xo (God, what a great song…and film!) and reading about life for teenagers in Alaska.
- 59Promote


text:
Story: Nov 24, 2014
Artist-in-residence Chi-Yu Liao appreciates CIA reception
CIA Exhibition: Nov 07, 2014
Fall 2014 Exhibitions
Story: Nov 15, 2014
Students capture two of the top prizes in museum's surreal d...
Events: Dec 01, 2014
The Art of Designing Everything
Social: a day ago via Facebook
Complete your application by Dec. 1 to ensure consideration for all scholarships and grants offered by CIA. For more information, visit: http://ow.ly/EW2BR.
Story: Nov 04, 2014
New CIA building taking shape; set for December completion
Events: Dec 05, 2014
Student Holiday Craft Sale
Story: Aug 18, 2014
CIA again named to "Best in the Midwest" list
Give Now . Annual Fund
Gifts to the Cleveland Institute of Art's annual fund are a crucial component of the college's funding mix, helping to bridge the gap between tuition revenue, investment income and operating expenses. By garnering support for unrestricted purposes, annual scholarships and enhanced departmental operations, contributions to the annual fund establish the foundation from which CIA fulfills its mission and advances toward its vision.
The percentage of alumni giving to CIA's annual fund is consistently ranked as one of the highest in the country among colleges of art and design, sending a powerful message about the value our graduates place upon their years here. Each year thousands of loyal alumni and friends, corporations, foundations and government sources provide support to CIA's annual fund, contributing nearly $1 million toward the college's annual operating budget.
Click here to make a gift online.
Please make your check payable to Cleveland Institute of Art.
Mail to:
Cleveland Institute of Art Annual Fund
11141 East Boulevard
Cleveland, OH 44106-1710
You can wire transfer your gift of stock directly to CIA. For details, contact Nina Williams at 216.421.7414.
For your convenience, the Institute accepts Visa and MasterCard, and can process your gift online, by phone or mail. To use your credit card to make a gift by phone, please call 216.421.7414.
To nurture the intellectual, artistic, and professional development of the students and community members through rigorous visual arts and design education.
To advance culture, community, and global quality of life.
For additional information about how you can help support CIA, contact us here.


text:
By majorleaguelax | 6/23/13 12:00 AMThe Charlotte Hounds served the Chesapeake Bayhawks their third overtime loss of the season at American Legion Memorial Stadium in Charlotte, N.C., Saturday night. Ryan Young scored 1:24 into overtime to secure the 16-15 victory for the Hounds.
|6 days ago ago by avelin
|Thanks For Information, i Like this Article.. awesomee :D Kata Kata Romantis buat Mantan Kekasih Kata Kata Galau Kecewa Sakit Hati Kata Kata Galau patah Hati Gambar DP BBM Sindrian Pacar Sok Sibuk Kata Kata Menyindir Pacar Cuek Jutek Kata Kata Galau Sedih Romantis Kata Kata Sindrian buat Orang sombong Kata Kata Sindiran buat Orang Munafik Kata Kata Romantis buat Istri Tercinta Gambar Sedih Sakit Hati buat DP BBM Gambar Tulisan Galau Sedih buat DP BBM Kata Kata Motivasi Bijak Putus Cinta Kata Kata Semangat buat Patah hati Gambar Kata Kata Indah buat Pacar Kata Kata Romantis Gambar Kata Kata Sayang sama Pacar Gambar DP BBM Galau lelah Capek Jenuh Gambar DP BBM Kata Kata Keren Gaul Gokil Gambar Foto DP BBM Sakit Hati karena Cinta Gambar DP BBM Lelah Menunggu Bosan Gambar Kata Kata Marah kecewa Kesal sama pacar Kata Kata Mutiara Cinta buat Mantan kekasih Gambar DP BBM Menghina Menyinggung Mantan Gambar DP BBM buat Orang Sirik Iri Dengki Gambar DP BBM Sindiran mantan Munafik Gambar DP BBM Lucu Gokil buat Mantan Gambar DP BBM Sindiran Pacar Egois
|19 days ago ago by Kptzen
|Wow, superb blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your web site is excellent, let alone the content! good eye floaters no more
|21 days ago ago by denismarin1
|It is this superb Swiss replica watches course that made the fame of the Rolex Middle Sea Race and which Rolex submariner replica encourages still more love the upcoming sailing the challenge sports while taking advantage of its Replica Breitling exceptional setting in the heart of the islands of the Mediterranean. Many are amateurs and professionals who come to Malta the challenge of the Rolex Middle Sea Race and embark on the traces of its most illustrious participants
|7/31/14 1:22 AM ago by Kptzen
|Great work! That is the type of information that are supposed to be shared around the web. Shame on the seek engines for not positioning this put up upper! Come on over and discuss with my site . Thanks =) https://www.rebelmouse.com/rocketfrenchonline/
|1/24/14 12:15 AM ago by huwenweg
One of the most stylish, timeless, and versatile sneakers ever created, the iconic Converse Chuck Taylor All Star. Originally released as the All Star in 1917, they added the Chuck Taylor name after the popular basketball player endorsed the model. Currently, the Converse Chuck Taylor All Star is still an extremely popular sneaker and worn across the globe by men, women, boys and girls. They are also now available in an array of colors, materials and modified designs.
Classic Converse Shoes is an very fashion style,many people love them very much,welcome to Converse Shoes Sale shop to pick Hi-top OX Converse Blue.


text:
Details: Free Standard Ground Shipping Inside continental USA
New • Add a Comment
Details: Get up to 75% off Telephone Headsets
New • Add a Comment
Details: Save up to $15 on Ear Muffs
New • Add a Comment
Details: Save up to $30 on Vibrating Alarm Watches
New • Add a Comment
Details: $80 Off Williams Sound PockeTalker Ultra DUO with Headphones & Earbud Plus Free Shipping
100% Success • Add a Comment
Details: $21 Off VibraLITE 12 Vibrating Watch -Pink Flowered Band Plus Free Shipping
New • Add a Comment
Details: 60% Off Hamilton CapTel 840i Real-Time Closed Captioned Telephone Plus Free Shipping
33% Success • Add a Comment
Details: Get 15% off Swimmers AquaNot ear plugs.
17% Success • Add a Comment
8 coupon codes & deals for libertyhealthsupply.com. Liberty Hearing and Health is an online store that offers quality and affordable hearing protection and hearing assistance products to enhance your hearing health. Visit the website and browse through the products available by category such as iPod and MP3 earphones, custom fit ear pieces, musician monitors, and more.
Show More
Never miss a deal.
Be the first to know.
Plus get our best deals in our email newsletter. Privacy Policy
Show more popular stores
RetailMeNot Coupons AppSave on-the-go with deals from your favorite stores
Deal AlertsGet our best offers & never miss a deal
Be SocialConnect with us on Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus
The Real Deal BlogA daily dose of fresh news, trending topics and best buys
Submit a CouponShare the love! Submit a coupon you've found
©2010 - 2014 RetailMeNot Inc. All rights reserved. Site Map | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy
RetailMeNot is a registered trademark of RetailMeNot, Inc. Merchant trademarks are the property of the respective merchant and their presence does not necessarily mean that RetailMeNot, Inc has an affiliation with the merchant.


text:
- Nutrition
From ScienceDaily
A study by researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine shows that when overweight or obese people lose weight, whether through a low-carb or low-fat ...
From Iron Magazine
With New Years resolutions now on full tilt this is the time of year that I regularly get a lot of inquiries by people set on changing their ...
by Mike Roussell, Ph.D. Bodybuilding.com
Youve probably never heard of some of them. Others may already be in your fridge. All of them, however, have the power ...
From ScienceDaily
Children and adolescents consume more calories and soda and have poorer nutrient-intake on days they eat at either fast-food or full-service ...
From ScienceDaily
New studies support limiting daily sodium consumption to less than 1,500 milligrams, according to a new American Heart Association presidential ...
By John Kiefer Flex Magazine
The body is an amazing machine, able to build the materials it needs for growth and repair without batting an eye. It also can fuel ...
By GRETCHEN REYNOLDS New York Times
What you eat, and when you eat it, in the days before a marathon may influence your race time.
It appears ...Categories: Nutrition, Research, Men's Health
By ScienceDaily
Eating at least two servings of oily fish a week is moderately but significantly associated with a reduced risk of stroke, finds a study published ...Categories: Nutrition, Research, Weight Loss
by Jeff OConnell Bodybuilding.com
Imagine how American society would function if drug dealers pumped 150 to 175 pounds of heroin per person per year into the ...
Latest Supplement Topics
Latest Product Reviews
Latest Supplement Logs
Latest Nutrition Topics
Latest Company Promo's
Latest Training Topics


text:
Reading police release image of suspect in barbershop shootings
Eagles defense makes a statement
The Birds enjoyed a football feast, rolling to a dominating 33-10 win over the Cowboys at AT&T Stadium.
Barbershop in Reading open for business day after 4 injured in shooting
The owner said his business in the Rockland Plaza is known for being open on holidays. Police said no arrests have been made.
Muhlenberg police seek help to ID counterfeiters
Thousands of dollars of merchandise was bought at a Target in the spring.
David Mekeel: Football team filled with personalities, stories
As a big sports fan who doesn�t often get to write about sports, being embedded with the team seemed like a dream come true.
Wilson leaning heavily on Dantzler in playoffs
Running back having great season.
More buy into going shopping on Thanksgiving
Customers not waiting for Black Friday
Other videos from this channel:
Reading police release image of suspect in barbershop shootings
Investigators are hoping someone will recognize the male who fired into All Stars Hair Salon and Unisex Hair Studio.
Latest columns
Small businesses gear up for Saturday
After successful Small Business Saturdays, retailers are looking to build on the momentum.
Rice wins appeal
Union says suspension 'vacated immediately'
Lights, camera, action for Berks student
Eleven-year-old Dominic Wergeland has a burgeoning acting career in TV and film.
Latest columns
Driver dies after crash into building
Police say the vehicle missed a bend in the road.
A closer look at Tom Wolf's transition team
The governor-elect has selected people from a variety of backgrounds as he prepares to take office.
- The Rundown: Casey questions the EPA, and Dent will chair the ethics committee
- Week in review: Philly and Hershey are landing some special visitors
- Berks County Election Board reviews House 5th District race complaint
- Local lawmakers condemn action
- No child porn in emails, state office says
Lexy Baeza, it turns out, is the perfect Rudolph
Rudolph and his red nose have a new gig and they're heading to Reading.
Herding dogs get lesson from top trainer
Owners learn sometimes they need to go against their instincts.
Warming to the ice bucket challenge
Lessons are taught about raising awareness, funding via social media.
- The Conversation: Pablo Tejada, Olivet Boys and Girls Club
- Charities of choice reach out to the communities they serve
- Office Hours: Master responsibilities of volunteer leadership in nonprofit organizations
- Politically Corrected: Join us for march on Main Street Nov. 29
- Snapshot: Million-dollar donations
Those who resist peer pressure follow their instincts
Berks teens say the pressure is subtle, but pervasive
Editorial: Typo could throw monkey wrench into health care act
The Issue: The Supreme Court agrees to hear King v. Burwell, a challenge to some subsidies offered in Obamacare.


text:
DaaS (Desktop as a Service), what is it? DaaS is a form of computing where your workstation is in the Cloud. You connect to your virtual desktop, using any internet-connected device (even a thin-client, like a tablet or iPad). What you see on your monitor is just a virtual image of the processing happening in a data center off-site.
Latest Tweets
Having a "Risk Averse Culture" Increases Your Risk http://t.co/aJVYvTg90Z via @timkastelle #innovation #entrepreneur #research #risktaking
- Saturday Nov 22 - 1:00pm
6 Tips for Finding the Right Work-Life Balance http://t.co/kPN7S9MhBI via @EntrepreneurOrg @Inc #entrepreneurship #balance #life #work #win
- Friday Nov 21 - 11:00am


text:
Exam offered by the IAPP.
Joseph Harford, co-founder and VP of Sales at Reclamere Inc., has passed his Certified Information Privacy Professional (CIPP) exam, the industry standard certification to demonstrate a strong foundation in U.S. privacy laws and regulations as well as an understanding of the legal requirements for the responsible transfer of sensitive personal data to and from the United States.
The CIPP exam is offered by the International Association of Privacy Professionals. Founded in 2000, the IAPP is the world's largest association of privacy professionals, representing more than 7,000 members from businesses, governments and academic institutions across 52 countries.
Reclamere was founded in 2001.
Security assessments involves reviewing an organizations policies and procedures to mitigate risk. Data recovery involves retrieving lost data on a computer's hard drive that crashed or suffered a catastrophic failure. E-forensics involves finding the hidden or deleted data that resides on a computer's hard drive using a specific software program and a certified examiner. E-forensics is necessary to protect the integrity of the data if the information is being obtained with the possibility of using it in a legal proceeding.
Brightstone authors PRISM insurance guideline for RIM industry: Co-author says p... Wednesday, November 26, 2014 11:02:08 AM
CEA releases study on electronics recycling: Survey finds 59 percent of survey r... Monday, November 24, 2014 03:07:12 PM
ERI to hire 125 workers for holidays: Electronics recycling firm has placed an o... Monday, November 24, 2014 09:51:13 AM
BIR Roundtable Sessions: Electronics recyclers seek clarity: Confusion continues... Sunday, November 23, 2014 11:57:11 PM
Utah recycler abandons three facilities in the state: Stone Castle Recycling's l... Wednesday, November 19, 2014 12:54:23 PM
E-Waste Security contracts with NASA: Company destroys hard drives for Jet Propu... Wednesday, November 19, 2014 12:23:09 PM
BACE introduces SmartBaler System: Equipment company says its system can maximiz... Wednesday, November 19, 2014 03:02:13 AM
Iron Mountain to buy Securit Records Management http://dlvr.it/7Yk1PQ Tuesday, November 18, 2014 03:59:29 PM
PCI Security Standards Council releases security awareness guidance: Resource is... Tuesday, November 18, 2014 03:59:24 PM
The Nov./Dec. issue of SDB is now available at http://bit.ly/1GQeBn1. It feature... Thursday, November 13, 2014 10:49:13 AM
Go To Parts adds new business development manager: Dean Rank to join Wastequip's... Thursday, November 13, 2014 08:39:08 AM
Iron Mountain sells three global shredding operations to Shred-it: Boston-based... Wednesday, November 12, 2014 12:48:18 PM
American Baler adds Boston Baler & Hydraulic to dealer network: Company to serve... Wednesday, November 12, 2014 09:39:07 AM
Recall increases loan facility: Records and information management company also... Tuesday, November 11, 2014 12:18:38 PM
ITRC releases report exploring the effect of ID theft on victims: Organization s... Monday, November 10, 2014 10:47:08 AM
Access acquires Cintas Document Management http://dlvr.it/7RtkPt Friday, November 07, 2014 11:38:12 AM
L&R Storage Ltd. uses O'Neil Software's Hosted RS-SQL cloud service: U.K. record... Friday, November 07, 2014 11:38:07 AM
BAN seeks changes enhancing electronics reuse in Basel Convention guidelines: Ba... Wednesday, November 05, 2014 11:54:47 AM
Iron Mountain introduces inventory governance solution http://dlvr.it/7QKD2f Tuesday, November 04, 2014 03:42:36 PM
Iron Mountain to host Englewood Hospital and Medical Center data center: Compani... Tuesday, November 04, 2014 03:12:10 PM
DHS unveils new RIM technology: Software provider uses its 2014 Total Recall Use... Tuesday, November 04, 2014 12:04:18 PM
Healthcare Environmental Group acquires G.W. Butler: Waste and washroom manageme... Monday, November 03, 2014 05:56:17 PM
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners honors investigative reporter: Brian Kr... Monday, November 03, 2014 05:56:14 PM
Recall introduces on-demand RFID reporting: Records and information management c... Friday, October 31, 2014 12:37:07 PM
Recall introduces Recall Portal http://dlvr.it/7LlB9H Tuesday, October 28, 2014 05:45:07 PM
ARMA International and Sherpa Software form partnership: Partnership will provid... Tuesday, October 28, 2014 05:13:08 PM
OneSource Freight joins R2 Recycling Leaders program: Transportation logistics f... Tuesday, October 28, 2014 08:27:07 AM
Combined Resources installs Weima shredder http://dlvr.it/7L9Y5n Monday, October 27, 2014 06:01:03 PM
G&T Trading International president receives honor http://dlvr.it/7L4tQ0 Monday, October 27, 2014 01:53:07 PM
5811 Canal Road
Valley View, OH 44125 USA


text:
Used car retailer CarMax has released the most searched for vehicles on their website for 2009. Honda Accord tops the list for the fourth year in a row, while Jeep Wrangler and Chevy Silverado were new to the list.
"This year's list shows the variety of makes and models our customers are considering when shopping online for a quality used car. Every car in our inventory can be found on carmax.com and it will show the same no-haggle price you'll see at your local CarMax store," said Ann Yauger, director of carmax.com.
- Honda Accord
- Ford F-150
- Chevrolet Tahoe
- Ford Mustang
- Toyota Camry
- Honda Civic
- Jeep Wrangler
- Toyota Tacoma
- Nissan Altima
- Chevrolet Silverado 1500
CarMax averaged 5.5 million unique visitors per month in 2009, so the list is a good look at the pulse of American car buying - especially in a rocky economy.
Not only does CarMax track these trends, but they're also good at incorporating what they've learned through their on-site search to create a better experience.
"Carmax.com continues to evolve and expand search capabilities based on consumer feedback," concluded Yauger.
One example is when CarMax introduced a Miles Per Gallon search feature in August 2008. Gas prices had been especially high that summer and providing that feature met consumer demand.
On-site search doesn't just provide a better experience, it gives valuable insight to what consumers are looking for.
What's New for 2015?
You spoke, we listened! ClickZ Live New York (Mar 30-Apr 1) is back with a brand new streamlined agenda. Don't miss the latest digital marketing tips, tricks and tools that will make you re-think your strategy and revolutionize your marketing campaigns. Super Saver Rates are available now. Register today!


text:
Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
1/3 Photos of Blue Light Special
Prep Time:
Cook Time:
5 mins
0 mins
A wonderful blend of flavors. This may become a Summer favorite!
Units: US | Metric
Serving Size: 1 (8 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 1
The following items or measurements are not included:
apple Schnapps
blue curacao
Every recipe, menu, tip and how-to is right here, at your service.


text:
A lubricant composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives wherein the lubricant composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of more than 5.6 cSt, a cold cranking simulated dynamic viscosity at −35° C. according to ASTM D 5293 of less than 62 centiPoise (cP) and a mini rotary viscosity test value of less than 60000 cP according to ASTM d 4684, wherein the base oil has been obtained from a waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.
1. A lubricant composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives wherein the lubricant composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of more than 5.6 cSt, a cold cranking simulated dynamic viscosity at −35° C. according to ASTM D 5293 of less than 62 centipoise (cP) and a mini rotary viscosity test value of less than 60000 cP according to ASTM D 4684, wherein the base oil has been obtained from a waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.
2. Lubricant composition according to
3. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the lubricant composition comprises less than 10 wt % of an additional base oil.
4. Lubricant composition according to
5. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the base oil comprises at least 98 wt % saturates and wherein the saturates fraction consists of between 10 and 40 wt % of cyclo-paraffins.
6. Lubricant composition according to
7. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 5-6, wherein the weight ratio of 1-ring cyclo-paraffins relative to cyclo-paraffins having two or more rings is greater than 3.
8. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the base oil is obtainable from a process comprising the following steps:
(a) hydrocracking/hydroisomerisating a Fischer-Tropsch product having a weight ratio of compounds having at least 60 or more carbon atoms and compounds having at least 30 carbon atoms of at least 0.2 and wherein at least 30 wt % of compounds in the Fischer-Tropsch product have at least 30 carbon atoms,
(b) separating the product of step (a) into at least one or more fuel fractions and a base oil precursor fraction, and
(c) performing a catalytic dewaxing step to the base oil precursor fraction obtained in step (b).
9. Lubricant composition according to
10. Use of a lubricant according to any one of claims 1-9 as an OW-X passenger car motor oil or as an OW-X heavy duty diesel engine oil, where X is 20, 30 or 40.
[0001] The invention is directed to a lubricant composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives wherein the lubricant composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of more than 5.6 cSt, a cold cranking simulated dynamic viscosity at −35° C. according to ASTM D 5293 of less than 62 centipoise (cP) and a mini rotary viscosity test value of less than 60000 cP according to ASTM D 4684.
[0002] Such lubricant compositions are also referred to as SAE 0W-x compositions. SAE stands for Society of Automotive Engineers in the USA. The "0" number in such a designation is associated with a maximum viscosity requirement at −35° C. for that composition as measured typically by a cold cranking simulator (VdCCS) under high shear. The second number "x" is associated with a kinematic viscosity requirement at 100° C.
[0003] The minimum high temperature viscosity requirement at 100° C. is intended to prevent the oil from thinning out too much during engine operation which can lead to excessive wear and increased oil consumption. The maximum low temperature viscosity requirement, VdCCS, is intended to facilitate engine starting or cranking in cold weather. To ensure pumpability the cold oil should readily flow or slump into the well for the oil pump, otherwise the engine can be damaged due to insufficient lubrication. The mini rotary viscosity (MRV) requirement is intended to ensure a minimum pumpability performance.
[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 5,693,598 describes a lubricant formulation according to 0W-20 based on so-called poly-alpha olefins. Poly-alpha olefins are prepared by oligomerisation of alpha olefins (PAO) as for example described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,965,018. The disadvantage of such PAO base stock is its high cost of manufacture, as for example mentioned in the introductory part of U.S. Pat. No. 6,060,437. Nevertheless PAO are widely used to formulate such lubricant compositions because no commercially available alternative exists having the cleanliness and low temperature properties as PAO. Another aspect of using PAO base stock is that additional base stock like for example ester based or aromatic based base stock will also be present in the lubricant formulation in order to confer additional desired characteristics as for example additive solvency and seal compatibility. The object of the present invention is to provide an alternative for PAO base stocks in 0W-x compositions.
[0005] This object is achieved with the following composition. Lubricant composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives wherein the lubricant composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of more than 5.6 cSt, a cold cranking simulated dynamic viscosity at −35° C. according to ASTM D 5293 of less than 62 centiPoise (cP) and a mini rotary viscosity test value of less than 60000 cP according to ASTM D 4684, wherein the base oil has been obtained from waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.
[0006] It has been found that lubricants based on base oils obtainable from a waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch product can be obtained having the desired properties of an SAE 0W-x formulation.
[0007] The base oil to be used in the lubricant composition according to the invention is obtained from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons. Processes to prepare the base oils from such a feedstock are described in for example EP-A-776959, EP-A-668342, U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,672, U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,299 and WO-A-9920720. The process will generally comprise a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, a hydroisomerisation step and a pour point reducing step, wherein said hydroisomerisation step and pour point reducing step are performed as:
[0008] (a) hydrocracking/hydroisomerisating a Fischer-Tropsch product,
[0009] (b) separating the product of step (a) into at least one or more fuel fractions and a base oil precursor fraction, and
[0010] (c) performing a pour point reducing step to the base oil precursor fraction obtained in step (b).
[0011] Examples of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis processes steps to prepare said Fischer-Tropsch product and hydroisomerisation steps (a) are known from the so-called commercial Sasol process, the commercial Shell Middle Distillate Process or the non-commercial Exxon process.
[0012] The Fischer-Tropsch product used in step (a) will contain no or very little sulphur and nitrogen containing compounds. This is typical for a product derived from a Fischer-Tropsch reaction which uses synthesis gas containing almost no such impurities. Sulphur and nitrogen levels will generally be below the detection limit, which is currently 1 ppm for nitrogen and 5 ppm for sulphur.
[0013] The Fischer-Tropsch product may optionally be subjected to a mild hydrotreatment step in order to remove any oxygenates and saturate any olefinic compounds present in the reaction product of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Such a hydrotreatment is described in EP-B-668342. The mildness of the hydrotreating step is preferably expressed in that the degree of conversion in this step is less than 20 wt % and more preferably less than 10 wt %. The conversion is here defined as the weight percentage of the feed boiling above 370° C., which reacts to a fraction boiling below 370° C.
[0014] Preferably any compounds having 4 or less carbon atoms and any compounds having a boiling point in that range are separated from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product before being used in step (a). The Fischer-Tropsch product may optionally be separated into a fraction boiling substantially below 370° C. and a fraction boiling substantially above 370° C. wherein the heavier fraction is used as feed to step (a). An example of such a process line-up is disclosed in WO-A-0014179.
[0015] The Fischer-Tropsch product as described in detail above is a Fischer-Tropsch product, which has not been subjected to any hydroconversion step apart from an optional mild hydrotreating step. The content of non-branched compounds in the Fischer-Tropsch product will therefore be above 80 wt %. In addition to the Fischer-Tropsch product also other fractions may be additionally processed in step (a). Possible other fractions may suitably be the higher boiling fraction obtained in step (b) or part of said fraction and/or off-spec base oil fractions as obtained in step (c).
[0016] The hydrocracking/hydroisomerisation reaction of step (a) is preferably performed in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst, which catalyst can be chosen from those known to one skilled in the art as being suitable for this reaction. Catalysts for use in step (a) typically comprise an acidic functionality and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation functionality. Preferred acidic functionalities are refractory metal oxide carriers. Suitable carrier materials include silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zirconia, titania and mixtures thereof. Preferred carrier materials for inclusion in the catalyst for use in the process of this invention are silica, alumina and silica-alumina. A particularly preferred catalyst comprises platinum supported on a silica-alumina carrier. If desired, applying a halogen moiety, in particular fluorine, or a phosphorous moiety to the carrier, may enhance the acidity of the catalyst carrier. Examples of suitable hydrocracking/hydroisomerisation processes and suitable catalysts are described in WO-A-0014179, EP-A-532118, EP-A-666894 and the earlier referred to EP-A-776959.
[0017] Preferred hydrogenation/dehydrogenation functionalities are Group VIII noble metals, for example palladium and more preferably platinum. The catalyst may comprise the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation active component in an amount of from 0.005 to 5 parts by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of carrier material. A particularly preferred catalyst for use in the hydroconversion stage comprises platinum in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 1 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of carrier material. The catalyst may also comprise a binder to enhance the strength of the catalyst. The binder can be non-acidic. Examples are clays and other binders known to one skilled in the art.
[0018] In step (a) the feed is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure. The temperatures typically will be in the range of from 175 to 380° C., preferably higher than 250° C. and more preferably from 300 to 370° C. The pressure will typically be in the range of from 10 to 250 bar and preferably between 20 and 80 bar. Hydrogen may be supplied at a gas hourly space velocity of from 100 to 10000 Nl/l/hr, preferably from 500 to 5000 Nl/l/hr. The hydrocarbon feed may be provided at a weight hourly space velocity of from 0.1 to 5 kg/l/hr, preferably higher than 0.5 kg/l/hr and more preferably lower than 2 kg/l/hr. The ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon feed may range from 100 to 5000 Nl/kg and is preferably from 250 to 2500 Nl/kg.
[0019] The conversion in step (a) as defined as the weight percentage of the feed boiling above 370° C. which reacts per pass to a fraction boiling below 370° C., is at least 20 wt %, preferably at least 25 wt %, but preferably not more than 80 wt %, more preferably not more than 65 wt %. The feed as used above in the definition is the total hydrocarbon feed fed to step (a), thus also including any optional recycle of the higher boiling fraction as obtained in step (b).
[0020] In step (b) the product of step (a) is preferably separated into one or more fuel fractions, a base oil precursor fraction having preferably a T10 wt % boiling point of between 200 and 450° C. and a T90 wt % boiling point of at least 300, preferably at least 400 and of at most 650 preferably at most 550° C., and a higher boiling fraction. By performing step (c) on the preferred narrow boiling base oil precursor fraction obtained in step (b) a haze free base oil grade can be obtained having also excellent other quality properties. The separation is preferably performed by means of a first distillation at about atmospheric conditions, preferably at a pressure of between 1.2-2 bara, wherein the fuel product, such as naphtha, kerosene and gas oil fractions, are separated from the higher boiling fraction of the product of step (a). The higher boiling fraction, of which suitably at least 95 wt % boils above 350° C., is subsequently further separated in a vacuum distillation step wherein a vacuum gas oil fraction, the base oil precursor fraction and the higher boiling fraction are obtained. The vacuum distillation is suitably performed at a pressure of between 0.001 and 0.05 bara.
[0021] The vacuum distillation of step (b) is preferably operated such that the desired base oil precursor fraction is obtained boiling in the specified range and having a kinematic viscosity, which relates to the base oil end product(s) specification. The kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the base oil precursor fraction is preferably between 3 and 10 cst.
[0022] Suitably the above described waxy paraffinic product or base oil precursor fraction is obtained in the hydroisomerisation process step wherein the content on non-cyclic iso-paraffin compounds, relative to the total of non-cyclic iso- and normal paraffins, is increased to above 90 wt %. This waxy paraffinic product, which boils for the greater part above 370° C., is subsequently subjected to a pour point reducing step. The pour point reducing step can be by means of solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing according to the aforementioned publications. The dewaxed product is further purified in order to remove both a light and optionally a heavy fraction, such to obtain the base oil suitable for use in the lubricant formulation of the present invention.
[0023] Preferably the base oil is prepared by a process wherein the pour point reducing step is performed by means of a catalytic dewaxing. With such a process it has been found that base oils have a sufficiently low pour point of, for example as low as −40° C. The catalytic dewaxing process can be performed by any process wherein in the presence of a catalyst and hydrogen the pour point of the base oil precursor fraction is reduced as specified above. Suitable dewaxing catalysts are heterogeneous catalysts comprising a molecular sieve and optionally in combination with a metal having a hydrogenation function, such as the Group VIII metals. Molecular sieves, and more suitably intermediate pore size zeolites, have shown a good catalytic ability to reduce the pour point of the base oil precursor fraction under catalytic dewaxing conditions. Preferably the intermediate pore size zeolites have a pore diameter of between 0.35 and 0.8 nm. Suitable intermediate pore size zeolites are mordenite, ZSM-5, ZSM-12, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SSZ-32, ZSM-35 and ZSM-48. Another preferred group of molecular sieves are the silica-aluminaphosphate (SAPO) materials of which SAPO-11 is most preferred as for example described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,311. ZSM-5 may optionally be used in its HZSM-5 form in the absence of any Group VIII metal. The other molecular sieves are preferably used in combination with an added Group VIII metal. Suitable Group VIII metals are nickel, cobalt, platinum and palladium. Examples of possible combinations are Pt/ZSM-35, Ni/ZSM-5, Pt/ZSM-23, Pd/ZSM-23, Pt/ZSM-48 and Pt/SAPO-11. Further details and examples of suitable molecular sieves and dewaxing conditions are for example described in WO-A-9718278, U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,692, U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,373, WO-A-0014184, U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,527 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,574,043.
[0024] The dewaxing catalyst suitably also comprises a binder. The binder can be a synthetic or naturally occurring (inorganic) substance, for example clay, silica and/or metal oxides. Natural occurring clays are for example of the montmorillonite and kaolin families. The binder is preferably a porous binder material, for example a refractory oxide of which examples are: alumina, silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, silica-zirconia, silica-thoria, silica-beryllia, silica-titania as well as ternary compositions for example silica-alumina-thoria, silica-alumina-zirconia, silica-alumina-magnesia and silica-magnesia-zirconia. More preferably a low acidity refractory oxide binder material, which is essentially free of alumina, is used. Examples of these binder materials are silica, zirconia, titanium dioxide, germanium dioxide, boria and mixtures of two or more of these of which examples are listed above. The most preferred binder is silica.
[0025] A preferred class of dewaxing catalysts comprise intermediate zeolite crystallites as described above and a low acidity refractory oxide binder material which is essentially free of alumina as described above, wherein the surface of the aluminosilicate zeolite crystallites has been modified by subjecting the aluminosilicate zeolite crystallites to a surface dealumination treatment. A preferred dealumination treatment is by contacting an extrudate of the binder and the zeolite with an aqueous solution of a fluorosilicate salt as described in for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,157,191 or WO-A-0029511. Examples of suitable dewaxing catalysts as described above are silica bound and dealuminated Pt/ZSM-5, silica bound and dealuminated Pt/ZSM-23, silica bound and dealuminated Pt/ZSM-12, silica bound and dealuminated Pt/ZSM-22, as for example described in WO-A-0029511 and EP-B-832171.
[0026] Catalytic dewaxing conditions are known in the art and typically involve operating temperatures in the range of from 200 to 500° C., suitably from 250 to 400° C., hydrogen pressures in the range of from 10 to 200 bar, preferably from 40 to 70 bar, weight hourly space velocities (WHSV) in the range of from 0.1 to 10 kg of oil per litre of catalyst per hour (kg/l/hr), suitably from 0.2 to 5 kg/l/hr, more suitably from 0.5 to 3 kg/l/hr and hydrogen to oil ratios in the range of from 100 to 2,000 litres of hydrogen per litre of oil. By varying the temperature between 275° C., suitably between 315° C. and 375° C. at between 40-70 bars, in the catalytic dewaxing step it is possible to prepare base oils having different pour point specifications varying from suitably −10 to −60° C.
[0027] The lubricant composition suitably comprises between 65 and 85 wt % of the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil. The remaining part of the composition consists of one or more additives. Optionally part of the lubricant composition may comprise of a second base oil, for example PAO, petroleum derived based base oil or esters. This fraction will suitably be less than 10 wt %. The advantages of the invention are however fully appreciated when only the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil are used as base oil according to the present invention.
[0028] Applicants have found that when a special novel class of base oils, as obtainable from waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons, is used to formulate the lubricant composition no or much less additional base stock is needed. This base oil composition preferably comprises preferably at least 98 wt % saturates, more preferably at least 99.5 wt % saturates and most preferably at least 99.9 wt %. This saturates fraction in the base oil comprises between 10 and 40 wt % of cyclo-paraffins. Preferably the content of cyclo-paraffins is less than 30 wt % and more preferably less than 20 wt %. Preferably the content of cyclo-paraffins is at least 12 wt % and more preferably at least 15 wt %. The unique and novel base oils are further characterized in that the weight ratio of 1-ring cyclo-paraffins relative to cyclo-paraffins having two or more rings is greater than 3 preferably greater than 5. It was found that this ratio is suitably smaller than 15.
[0029] The cyclo-paraffin content as described above is measured by the following method. Any other method resulting in the same results may also be used. The base oil sample is first separated into a polar (aromatic) phase and a non-polar (saturates) phase by making use of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method IP368/01, wherein as mobile phase pentane is used instead of hexane as the method states. The saturates and aromatic fractions are then analyzed using a Finnigan MAT90 mass spectrometer equipped with a Field desorption/Field Ionisation (FD/FI) interface, wherein FI (a "soft" ionisation technique) is used for the semi-quantitative determination of hydrocarbon types in terms of carbon number and hydrogen deficiency. The type classification of compounds in mass spectrometry is determined by the characteristic ions formed and is normally classified by "z number". This is given by the general formula for all hydrocarbon species: CnH2n+z. Because the saturates phase is analysed separately from the aromatic phase it is possible to determine the content of the different (cyclo)-paraffins having the same stoichiometry. The results of the mass spectrometer are processed using commercial software (poly 32; available from Sierra Analytics LLC, 3453 Dragoo Park Drive, Modesto, Calif. GA95350 USA) to determine the relative proportions of each hydrocarbon type and the average molecular weight and polydispersity of the saturates and aromatics fractions.
[0030] The base oil composition preferably has a content of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds of less than 1 wt %, more preferably less than 0.5 wt % and most preferably less 0.1 wt %, a sulphur content of less than 20 ppm and a nitrogen content of less than 20 ppm. The pour point of the base oil is preferably less than −30° C. and more preferably lower than −40° C. The viscosity index is preferably higher than 120. It has been found that the novel base oils typically have a viscosity index of below 140. The kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the base oil is preferably between 4.0 and 8 cSt and the Noack volatility is preferably lower than 14 wt %.
[0031] The above base oil is believed to be novel. Relevant publications like WO-A-0014188, WO-A-14187 and WO-A-0014179 disclose base oils derived from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product containing more than 95 wt % iso-paraffins. WO-A-0118156 describes a base oil derived from a Fischer-Tropsch product having a naphthenics content of less than 10%. Also the base oils as disclosed in applicant's patent applications EP-A-776959 or EP-A-668342 have been found to comprise less than 10 wt % of cyclo-paraffins. Applicants repeated Example 2 and 3 of EP-A-776959 and base oils were obtained, from a waxy Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product, wherein the base oils consisted of respectively about 96 wt % and 93 wt % of iso-paraffins and any n-paraffins. Applicants further prepared a base oil having a pour point of −21° C. by catalytic dewaxing a Shell MDS Waxy Raffinate using a catalyst comprising synthetic ferrierite and platinum according to the teaching of EP-A-668342 and found that the content of iso- and normal paraffins was about 94 wt %. Thus these prior art base oils derived from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product had at least a cyclo-paraffin content of below 10 wt %. Furthermore the base oils as disclosed by the examples of application WO-A-9920720 will not comprise a high cyclo-paraffin content. This because feedstock and preparation used in said examples is very similar to the feedstock and preparation to prepare the above prior art samples based on EP-A-776959 and EP-A-668342.
[0032] Applicants found that the base oil, having the higher cyclo-paraffin content as described above, is obtainable by the following process. This process is characterised in that the Fischer-Tropsch product used as feed to step (a) has a weight ratio of compounds having at least 60 or more carbon atoms and compounds having at least 30 carbon atoms in the Fischer-Tropsch product of at least 0.2 and wherein at least 30 wt % of compounds in the Fischer-Tropsch product have at least 30 carbon atoms. More preferably the Fischer-Tropsch product has at least 50 wt %, and more preferably at least 55 wt % of compounds having at least 30 carbon atoms. Furthermore the weight ratio of compounds having at least 60 or more carbon atoms and compounds having at least 30 carbon atoms of the Fischer-Tropsch product is at least 0.2, preferably at least 0.4 and more preferably at least 0.55. Preferably the Fischer-Tropsch product comprises a C20 + fraction having an ASF-alpha value (Anderson-Schulz-Flory chain growth factor) of at least 0.925, preferably at least 0.935, more preferably at least 0.945, even more preferably at least 0.955. The initial boiling point of the Fischer-Tropsch product may range up to 400° C., but is preferably below 200° C.
[0033] Such a Fischer-Tropsch product can be obtained by any process, which yields a relatively heavy Fischer-Tropsch product. Not all Fischer-Tropsch processes yield such a heavy product. Examples of suitable Fischer-Tropsch processes are described in WO-A-9934917 and in AU-A-698392. These processes may yield a Fischer-Tropsch product as described above.
[0034] The base oil as obtainable by the above processes has a pour point of less than −39° C. and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. which is suitably between 4 and 8 cSt. The actual kinematic viscosity at 100° C. will depend on the specific 0W-x grade one wishes to prepare. For the 0W-20 and 0W-30 lubricant grades a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of between 3.8 and 5.5 cSt is suitably used. For an 0W-40 grade a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of between 5.5 and 8 cSt is suitably used.
[0035] The lubricant composition comprises one or more additives. Examples of additive types which may form part of the composition are dispersants, detergents, viscosity modifying polymers, extreme pressure/antiwear additives, antioxidants, pour point depressants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, antistaining additives, friction modifiers. Specific examples of such additives are described in for example Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, third edition, volume 14, pages 477-526.
[0036] Suitably the anti-wear additive is a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate. Suitably the dispersant is an ashless dispersant, for example polybutylene succinimide polyamines or Mannic base type dispersants. Suitably the detergent is an over-based metallic detergent, for example the phosphonate, sulfonate, phenolate or salicylate types as described in the above referred to General Textbook. Suitably the antioxidant is a hindered phenolic or aminic compound, for example alkylated or styrenated diphenylamines or ionol derived hindered phenols. Suitably the viscosity modifier is a viscosity modifying polymer, for example polyisobutylenes, olefin copolymers, polymethacrylates and polyalkylstyrenes and hydrogenated polyisoprene star polymer (Shellvis). Examples of suitable antifoaming agents are polydimethylsiloxanes and polyethylene glycol ethers and esters.
[0037] The lubricant formulation is preferably an 0W-x passenger car motor oil or 0W-x heavy duty diesel engine oil, wherein x is 20, 30 or 40.
[0038] The invention will be illustrated by means of the following non-limiting examples.
[0039] Example 1 illustrates the process to prepare a base oil having a higher cyclo-paraffin content.
[0040] A Fischer-Tropsch product was made having boiling curve as in Table 1 by repeating Example VII of WO-A-9934917 using the catalyst as prepared in Example III of the same publication and subsequently removing the C4 and lower boiling compounds from the effluent of the synthesis reaction. The feed contained about 60 wt % C30+ product. The ratio C60+/C30+ was about 0.55.
[0041] The Fischer-Tropsch product as thus obtained was continuously fed to a hydrocracking step (step (a)). In the hydrocracking step the Fischer-Tropsch product and a recycle stream consisting of the 370° C.+ fraction of the effluent of step (a) was contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst of Example 1 of EP-A-532118 at a reactor temperature of 330° C. The Fischer-Tropsch product WHSV was contacted at 0.8 kg/l.h and the recycle stream was rate was 0.2 kg/l.h at a total pressure of 35 bar and a hydrogen partial pressure of 33 bar. The recycle gas rate was 2000 Nl/kg of total feed. The conversion of compounds boiling above 370° C. in the total feed which were converted to products boiling below 370° C. was 55 wt %. The product of the hydrocracking step was distilled into one or more fuels fractions boiling in the naptha, kerosene and gas oil range and a bottom product boiling about 37020 C.
[0042] The 370° C+ fraction thus obtained was in turn distilled in a vacuum distillation column, wherein the feed rate to the column was 750 g/h, the pressure at the top was kept at 0.4 mm Hg (0.5 mbar) and the temperature at the top was kept at 240° C., which is equal to an atmospheric cut off temperature of 515° C. The top product had thus a boiling range of between 370 and 515° C. Further properties were a pour point of +18° C. and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.8 cSt. This top product was further used as the base oil precursor fraction in step (c).
[0043] In the dewaxing step (c) the base oil precursor fraction was contacted with a dealuminated silica bound ZSM-5 catalyst comprising 0.7% by weight Pt and 30 wt % ZSM-5 as described in Example 9 of WO-A-0029511. The dewaxing conditions were: total pressure 40 bar, a hydrogen partial pressure at the reactor outlet of 36 bar, WHSV=1 kg/l.h, a temperature of 340° C. and a recycle gas rate of 500 Nl/kg feed.
[0044] The dewaxed oil was distilled, wherein a lighter and a heavier fraction was removed to obtain the final base oil having properties as listed in Table 2.
[0045] Example 1 was repeated except that the dewaxed oil was distilled differently to yield the base oil having properties as listed in Table 3.
[0046] 74.6 weight parts of a base oil, having the properties as listed in Table 4 and which was obtained by catalytic dewaxing of a hydroisomerised/hydrocracked Fischer-Tropsch product as illustrated by Examples 1 and 2, was blended with 14.6 weight parts of a standard detergent inhibitor additive package, 0.25 weight parts of a corrosion inhibitor and 10.56 weight parts of a viscosity modifier. The properties of the resulting composition are listed in Table 5. Table 5 also shows the 0W-30 specifications for motor gasoline lubricants. It is clear that the composition as obtained in this Example meets the requirements of an 0W30 motor gasoline specification.
[0047] Comparative Experiment A
[0048] 54.65 weight parts of a poly-alpha olefin-4 (PAO-4) and 19.94 weight parts of a poly-alpha olefin-5 (PAO-5), having the properties as listed in Table 1 were blended with the same quantity and quality of additives as in Example 3. The properties of the resulting composition are listed in Table 5. This experiment and Example 3 shows that a base oil as obtained by the present invention can be successfully used to formulate 0W-30 motor gasoline lubricants using the same additives as used to formulate such a grade based on poly-alpha olefins.
[0049] (1) Kinematic viscosity at 100° C. as determined by ASTM D 445, (2) Kinematic viscosity at 40° C. as determined by ASTM D 445, (3) Viscosity Index as determined by ASTM D 2270, (4) VDCCS @−35° C. (P) stands for dynamic viscosity at −35 degrees Centigrade and is measured according to ASTM D 5293, (5) VDCCS @−35° C. (P) stands for dynamic viscosity at −35 degrees Centigrade and is measured according to ASTM D 5293, (6) MRV cP @−40° C. stands for mini rotary viscometer test and is measured according to ASTM D 4684, (7) pour point according to ASTM D 97, (8) Noack volatility as determined by ASTM D 5800.
[0050] Base oils as prepared from the same feed as in Examples 1 and 2 under varying conditions were prepared. Properties are listed in Table 6. The cyclo-paraffins and normal and iso-paraffins of the base oil of Example 5 (see Table 6) were further analysed. In FIG. 1 the content of the components, normal and iso-paraffins, 1-ring cyclo-paraffins, 2-ring cyclo-paraffins, etc. in the saturates phase as a function of their respective carbon numbers are shown of the base oil of Example 5.
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
When I received my order, one of my items was not exactly as I had expected. Jeff was extremely quick and responsive, and demonstrated great...Read More ->
I changed from shopping at other Magic sites because of MJM's great price and free shipping.
I only buy Magic from this site now because they...Read More ->


text:
Billy Smith honored at Coliseum; predicts successful season
Former Islanders goaltender Billy Smith was honored at Nassau Coliseum Nov. 22, 2014 before the team defeated the Penguins last night. He was confident the team would have a successful season. (Credit: Newsday / Chris Ware, Robert Cassidy)
Beckham Jr.'s one-handed TD vs. Cowboys Algieri: 'Manny didn't give me a lot of holes' Pacquiao calls for Floyd Mayweather fight Chaminade 48, St. John the Baptist 29 Weigh-ins: Pacquiao vs. Algieri Pacquiao, Algieri trainers both predict KO 'Stitch' Duran: Cutman's goal is one more round Cuomo: `Impractical' for Bills to play Jets on Sunday Isles' last season episode 4: Fast start to the season Pacquiao vs. Algieri: Logan's pre-fight analysis Islanders players visit Nassau schools Francesa: 'I'm good with my snowblower'


text:
The Walking Dead: A Telltale Games Series
Whats going on ?
Hello I have recently purchased this game on disc and I have started playing it, but when I do it keeps freezing and jumping and when it gets into the action it is near enough impossible to play.
is there anyone else that is experiencing any problems? and is there anything I can do to help make my experience getting while playing it?
Thanks guys.
Is it the EU or the American version? I just got the EU version and it works fine.
Currently Playing: Dragon's Dogma: Dark Arisen & The Walking Dead
From: Yorkshire_14
Is it the EU or the American version? I just got the EU version and it works fine.
I believe the PAL version had the problems removed.
My Resident Evil 6 Review| My XCOM: Enemy Unknown Review
http://bitly.com/Z2CT6n | http://bit.ly/RJGjrn
the problem is from your system hardware.
No it happened to me as well Google it for people who don't know, The US disc version lags and is buggy and you cant complete actions for killing the zombies contact telltale support about it and get the codes to download the walking dead episodes off the marketplace, You will have fill out form and take pictures of proof of purchase and email it to them email@example.com
ADD ME MY XBOX GAMER TAG BinocularBowl9
Currently playing Black Ops, Resident Evil 5, Alan Wake


text:
Book Description:A sequel to L. Frank Baum's Oz legend, written by Martin Gardner. For all who maintain that Oz was but a dream, Gardner proves them wrong, for in this book, Dorothy, the tin woodman and the scarecrow return to Earth with nail-biting consequences.
Books, Subjects,
Content Copyright © 1999-2014 Terms and Conditions of Use, Security and Privacy Policy | Resources: 1 2 3 | Site Map


text:
Three of the four students will receive theirs Aug. 19 at a ceremony in Salem. The fourth chose to remain anonymous, the agency said.
Oregon OSHA on Thursday announced four 2010 Workers' Memorial Scholarships will be presented this year, with the ceremony taking place Aug. 19 in Salem, Ore. One of the recipients has chosen to remain anonymous, the agency said. These are scholarships for use during the 2010-2011 school year. Interest earned on a fund derived from OR-OSHA civil fines and penalties pays for them.
Besides the anonymous recipient, the honorees are:
Oregon OSHA's Safe Employment Education and Training Advisory Committee makes recommendations for these annual awards, which were set up by the 1991 Legislature at the request of the Oregon AFL-CIO, with support from Associated Oregon Industries. To be eligible, a high school graduate, graduating high school senior, GED recipient, or current college undergraduate or graduate student must be the dependent or spouse of an Oregon worker who has been fatally injured or permanently disabled while on the job. Applicants must be Oregon residents receiving fatality benefits, a dependent or spouse of a fatally injured worker, or the dependent or spouse of an Oregon worker who has incurred a permanent total disability and whose claim for workers' compensation benefits has been accepted.
E-Mail this page
Printable Format
Our ever-popular "Superior Book of Cut Protection" has been freshly updated with new articles and updated statistics. Get your copy today.
Don't make the common mistakes. Quick tips to reduce your PPE costs.
Seriously the definitive guide to selecting hand protection, and understand the different cut ratings and standards.
Sign up for our popular newsletter – keep getting free tips, resources and get access to special deals.
SmartBurner is Better
14901 Quorum Drive, Suite 425
Dallas, TX 75254
(972) 687-6700
© 2014 1105 Media, Inc.
Copyright 2013 1105 Media Inc. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express permission of 1105 Media Inc. is prohibited.