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Tag Archives: Riak Enterprise
NHS launches upgraded IT backbone Spine, powered by Riak
London, Sept. 9 2014 – the Spine – the electronic backbone of the UK's National Health Service – has been successfully rebuilt to harness new technology, including the use of Basho Technologies' distributed database, Riak Enterprise.
The Spine – a collection of national applications, services and directories – connects clinicians, patients and local service providers throughout England to essential national services, such as electronic prescriptions and patient health records.
Spine is used by more than 20,000 organizations that provide health care across England, including primary and secondary care sites, pharmacies, opticians and dentists. Riak, the open source distributed database, is key to providing the reliability and scalability for the platform to drive efficiency and improve patient care.
The NHS' move to revamp the Spine, in a major project led by England's Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC), was driven by the need for a scalable, resilient and flexible system that would also result in cost-savings for the organization.
With these requirements in mind, the NHS selected Riak Enterprise, the commercial version of Basho's distributed open source, highly available NoSQL database, to support the transition and implementation of the new Spine. Basho and the HSCIC collaborated throughout to ensure the technical knowledge of both organizations was reflected in enhancements to Riak and the wider project itself.
Riak has been tested thoroughly over the past year and will also allow the NHS to update the Spine seamlessly, removing interruptions which could adversely affect NHS employees and patients.
The transition was finalised over the weekend of 22nd August, 2014, with the infrastructure undergoing a 45-day period of intensive monitoring to ensure that it is performing as expected.
"The improvement of patient care is of the utmost importance in the healthcare industry. As data, such as patient records, prescriptions and all other medical information becomes digitized, it is vital that government health organizations can adapt and provide constant, reliable access to this information," said Adam Wray, CEO at Basho Technologies.
Stuart McCaul, Managing Director, EMEA at Basho Technologies said, "The information stored on the Spine is potentially life-saving, and so users must be able to quickly access the data they require without delay or complication. Riak has previously been adopted by other healthcare services outside of the UK, such as The Danish Health and Medical Authority, and it provides the Spine with resiliency and predictable scalability while also saving the NHS both time and costs, contributing to the improvement of patient care in England."
About Basho Technologies
Basho is a distributed systems company dedicated to making software that is highly available, fault-tolerant and easy-to-operate at scale. Basho's distributed database, Riak, the industry leading distributed NoSQL database, and Basho's cloud storage software, Riak CS, are used by fast growing Web businesses and by one third of the Fortune 50 to power their critical Web, mobile and social applications and their public and private cloud platforms.
Riak and Riak CS are available open source. Riak Enterprise and Riak CS Enterprise offer enhanced multi-datacenter replication and 24×7 Basho support. For more information, visit basho.com.
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Riak for Business Intelligence: The NoSQL difference for data warehousing and analytics
By: Jeremy Hill
Business Intelligence makes it possible for organizations to make sense of the vast amount of customer, manufacturing and competitive information they have available in order to make smarter and better informed decisions. In turn, this enables organizations to become more responsive to customer needs, increase efficiencies in manufacturing processes, and respond to significant events quickly.
Historically the data that drives business intelligence has been stored in structured formats in a data warehouse, such as customer information on how much is spent. However, this approach misses out on the value of semi-unstructured and unstructured data, like the details from a customer call or a customer tweet.
With such information missing, a complete view of the customer or business can be limited. The consequence is that an inability to gain knowledge and measure customer information means businesses can fall behind, especially in a competitive market.
Business Intelligence needs NoSQL
Having access to all types of relevant customer information – structured, semi-structured and unstructured – is an essential requirement for business intelligence (BI) to help enterprises get ahead of the competition. Unlike structured, relational data warehouses, NoSQL databases make this possible with improved availability, scalability and fast response times. NoSQL databases are ideal for BI and data warehousing not only because of the diverse types of information it can deal with, but also because they are able to deliver data at the very time it is needed.
Enabling real-time analytics
NoSQL keeps up with transaction speeds as-it-happens, enabling real-time analytics. E-commerce transactions, for example, benefit from a NoSQL database because it can make a decision about what to do next when a buyer doesn't complete a purchase. Instead of waiting 24 hours or longer for the data to move through a traditional data warehouse system, with a NoSQL system a feed goes straight from a transaction through a connecter to a NoSQL database. A sales analytics process can make a decision with the intelligence at that very minute, to consult the customer and understand the behavior in real-time, helping secure the purchase and preventing the loss of a customer transaction.
A recently announced Basho partner, Caserta Concepts, a technology consulting firm specializing in big data analytics, data warehousing and business intelligence, works with CIOs to deliver analytics solutions that support business goals. It uses Riak and Riak CS to accommodate unique client requirements across a broad range of data types – structured, semi-structured and unstructured – and provides continuous availability to keep critical line-of-business applications going around the clock. Caserta's practice illustrates the viability for NoSQL in the database revolution to take on the volume, variety and velocity of data dynamics of today's web-scale applications.
Intelligence for IoT transactions
With the vast amounts of information from Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, more business intelligence needs and use cases are at the cusp. Consider oil and gas organizations providing annual service contracts for boilers – analytics tells the business that anything beyond the second call out (or truck roll) wipes out the profit on the contract. In the connected world, NoSQL enables the next level of intelligence, which allows organizations to collect information so that, in the event of failure, they are able to determine which parts are needed in advance, eliminating the need for multiple visits. Gathering intelligence from this data also allows organizations to perform preemptive maintenance during the annual inspections to lower the frequency of unplanned, costly site visits.
With NoSQL, BI and data warehousing can become quicker and much more efficient. It allows organizations to react to events more quickly, increase customer attention, streamline the supply chain, predict customer behavior at the point it matters and predict future service calls. At the rise of big, unstructured data, NoSQL presents enormous opportunity for the future of business intelligence.
Basho is pleased to announce the release of Riak CS 1.5
Basho is pleased to announce the release of Riak CS 1.5, which provides additional performance enhancements and simplifies administration and development with additional admin tools, enhanced S3 compatibility and a technical preview of an architecture to support clusters with very large amounts of storage. Highlights include:
Admin Tools
- riak-cs-admin: Consolidates admin operations into a command line tool.
- riak-cs-stanchion: Changes the Stanchion IP and port.
- riak-cs-debug: Packages log, configuration and operating system command files along with Riak command results.
- syslog: Support for standardized syslog output for log aggregation using third-party tools.
S3 API Features
- multi-object delete: Reduces request overhead by supporting multiple deletes in a single request (up to 1,000 keys per request).
- cache control headers: Method for providing caching instructions in a request header.
- PUT object – copy: Creates a copy of an object that already exists in Riak CS.
A full list of S3 API compatibility can be found on the Basho docs site here.
Increased Scalability (Enterprise Feature)
Partly due to limitations with distributed Erlang, prior to 1.5 scalability, Riak CS was limited to several petabytes. CS 1.5 introduces a technical preview of an architecture that allows multiple Riak clusters to reside under a single CS namespace, thereby significantly increasing the amount of storage possible in a cluster. A production-ready version is planned for later this year, with multi-data center support to follow.
Garbage Collection Improvements
In Riak CS, deleted and updated objects are not removed immediately. Instead, a reference is written to a special bucket and later removed by the garbage collection process at regular intervals. CS 1.5 includes several garbage collection enhancements that will benefit customers with a high rate of object deletion or updates.
- concurrent garbage collection worker processes: Speed up the rate of garbage collection with the addition of multiple workers.
- flexible enforcement of leeway interval: In previous versions, updated and deleted objects are reaped only after they reach a predefined time-based leeway interval, which was set when an object was marked for deletion. In CS 1.5 the leeway interval is managed by the garbage collection daemon and can be changed to remove objects sooner, for example, in emergency situations where maximum storage capacity is reached.
Other Notable Enhancements
- faster bucket listings: Optimizations in the OTP xmerl library enables faster bucket listings, in particular for large buckets.
- setting ACLs upon PUT object: Ability to set ACLs via header at PUT object creation is now fully functional.
Riak CS 1.5 is available at: http://docs.basho.com/riakcs/latest/riakcs-downloads/. A full list of changes is available in the release notes. Watch the blog for a detailed discussion of the multi-cluster work.
Basho Introduces Riak CS 1.5
Distributed cloud storage software adds additional Amazon S3 compatibility, performance improvements, simplified admin and increased scalability
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – August 5, 2014 – Basho, the creator and developer of Riak, the industry leading distributed NoSQL database, today introduced Riak CS 1.5 and Riak CS 1.5 Enterprise, Basho's distributed object storage software. Riak CS (Cloud Storage) is open source software built on top of Riak, used to build public or private clouds, or, as reliable storage to power applications and services. Riak CS 1.5 delivers new features that improve operation, performance and scalability. Basho continues to offer enterprise-class features in Riak CS Enterprise, which includes multi-datacenter replication, world class 24 by 7 support and flexible pricing model.
Companies dealing with large amounts of unstructured data like videos, images and documents are adopting cloud object storage so that data is highly available through a seamlessly scalable architecture. Businesses in industries such as broadcasting and telecommunications are relying on stability, integration functionality and performance of Riak CS to efficiently store, organize and access data while making it simple to manage.
"We offer our customers affordable and scalable cloud storage solutions built on Basho's Riak CS," said Makoto Oya, vice director of IDC Frontier. "The enhanced Amazon S3 compatibility and ability to scale well into the multi-petabyte level in Riak CS 1.5 will help us better support the rapid growth we are seeing in our storage business."
I-NET Corp, a data processing service headquartered in Japan, uses Riak CS for its cloud service called Dream Cloud® and is looking to achieve further cost efficiency thanks to the increased scalability capabilities in Riak CS 1.5.
"Cloud-based object storage is ideal for storing our customer's growing business-critical data, and we have relied on the excellent performance, cost efficiency and high reliability of Riak CS for the I-NET Dream Cloud®," said Tsutomu Taguchi, senior managing director, business group of I-NET Corp. "Riak CS already provides us with high availability and now that Riak CS is further optimized to scale, we believe that Riak CS 1.5 delivered by Basho will drive even higher adoption of Dream Cloud®."
New features enhance performance for object storage to store increasing amounts of data worldwide
Basho delivers new functions in Riak CS that include:
- Additional Amazon S3 compatibility: Expanded storage API compatibility with S3 includes features such as multi-object delete, put object copy, and cache control headers for more flexible integration with content delivery networks (CDNs).
- Performance improvement in garbage collection process: Delivered especially for customers with high rate of object updates and deletes, Riak CS now more quickly reaps objects flagged for garbage collection.
- New, simplified administrative features: New and consolidated admin features make organizational tasks easier for activities such as cluster management, monitoring and troubleshooting.
- Multi-cluster support: Technology preview for increased scalability of Riak CS Enterprise by allowing multiple Riak clusters to reside under a single CS namespace, thereby expanding the maximum capacity of a single cluster.
"Providing the strongest key value solution and object store means responding to customer needs and demands attentively," said Dave McCrory, CTO of Basho. "With Riak CS 1.5 Enterprise, new features are delivered as requested by our customers. We are committed to make it easier to consume cutting edge versions of Riak and will continue to do this by executing a more iterative approach in how we release Riak."
Availability and Pricing
Riak CS 1.5 is available immediately for Debian, Ubuntu, FreeBSD, OS X, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, SmartOS and Solaris. To view the latest technical documentation or to download Riak CS, visit docs.basho.com/riakcs/latest/.
Basho delivers customized packages for its commercial software, Riak Enterprise and Riak Enterprise Plus, with health checks, as well as options for project-based Professional Services engagements. Full pricing details of Basho commercial software are at http://basho.com/riak-enterprise/#pricing. To request a trial license of Riak CS Enterprise, prospective inquiries can request a Riak CS Tech Talk at http://info.basho.com/SignUpRiakTechTalk.html.
Supporting Resources
- Basho Website (http://basho.com)
- Basho Blog (http://basho.com/blog/)
- Riak (http://basho.com/riak/)
- Riak CS (http://basho.com/riak-cloud-storage/)
- Riak CS doc (docs.basho.com/riakcs/latest/)
- Additional Resources (http://basho.com/resources/)
- Twitter: @Basho (https://twitter.com/basho)
- LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/company/basho-technologies-inc)
About Basho Technologies
Basho is a distributed systems company dedicated to making software that is highly available, fault-tolerant and easy-to-operate at scale. Basho's distributed database, Riak, and Basho's cloud storage software, Riak CS, are used by fast growing Web businesses and by one third of the Fortune 50 to power their critical Web, mobile and social applications and their public and private cloud platforms.
Riak and Riak CS are available open source. Riak Enterprise and Riak CS Enterprise offer enhanced multi-datacenter replication and 24×7 Basho support. For more information, visit basho.com. Basho is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
World-Class Basho Engineering Support and Riak Enterprise Now Available Online
March 3, 2014
Earlier this year, we expanded our product portfolio to better meet the needs of our diverse and growing community. Not only did we add support-only options for open source Riak and Riak CS, but we also expanded our commercial licensing options and added various levels of pre-packaged Professional Services. These product options ensure customers of all sizes and at all stages are successful with Riak and Riak CS, even if they're not quite ready for the benefits of Enterprise.
In addition to offering these new product options, we have also added credit card acceptance to Basho.com. Users that already know what they need can visit payments.basho.com, select the option that is right for them, and get started right away. As always, we recommend starting with at least five nodes. However, the Payments Page will accept purchases ranging from three to 19 nodes. Users will be able to purchase Riak Starter, Riak Basic, Riak Enterprise, Riak Enterprise Plus, and the Professional Services options (excluding Daily Rate and Test Drive).
For a full list of product options and what they include, visit our Product Page for Riak and Professional Services. To purchase now, visit our Pricing Page. For Riak CS products and services, please contact us to get started.
If you have any questions or aren't quite sure which option is best for your needs, feel free to Contact Us.
A Closer Look at Starter, Basic, and Enterprise
January 15, 2014
Yesterday, we announced our newly expanded product portfolio. We have added many new offerings for both Riak and Riak CS to better meet the needs of our growing user base. You can check out prices and what's been added here.
To complement this announcement, we wanted to provide a few more details around what each product tier provides.
For both Riak and Riak CS, we now offer Starter, Basic, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus packages. All of these options offer the built-in benefits of Riak and Riak CS, which include a masterless system with automatic replication, a straightforward key/value data model, HTTP API and Protocol Buffers, Client Security (both Authorization and Authentication), Riak Control (a visual GUI to monitor your cluster), Riak Search (now with integrated SOLR), Secondary Indexes, MapReduce, Basho Hadoop Connector, and Riak Data Types (distributed counters, sets, and maps). For more information about many of these features, check out our Intro to Riak webinar.
All four tiers also offer Basho Engineering Support – offering access to our Client Services Engineers for assistance. For Riak Starter, this support is available 8am – 8pm Eastern. For Basic, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus, it is available 24x7x365.
Technical Account Management Checkpoints are available quarterly for Starter and weekly for the other tiers. These checkpoints are meant to evaluate your cluster architecture and provide assistance where necessary.
All tiers offer Online Ticket Tracking for issues and Enterprise and Enterprise Plus also offer Emergency Patches. SLAs are available for urgent tickets with a 12-hour guarantee for Starter, a 1-hour guarantee for Basic, and a 30-minute guarantee for Enterprise and Enterprise Plus (with Special Event SLAs available in real-time for Enterprise and Enterprise Plus).
Both Riak Starter and Riak Basic have an Apache 2 license for the open source product and Enterprise and Enterprise Plus have a Commercial license for more flexible permitted usage.
Finally, as with Riak Enterprise and Riak CS Enterprise in the past, both Enterprise and Enterprise Plus include Multi-Datacenter Replication (which also enables cluster-to-cluster replication for secondary workloads), Reduced Replicas at Secondary Sites for more efficient storage, and SNMP and JMX Support. Enterprise Plus adds a Basho Baseline and Annual Health Check, which provides added Basho assurance and ensures long-term platform stability and performance.
Discounts are available based on the number of nodes in production or based on usage (for Riak CS). Perpetual Licensing is available upon negotiation. For more information on these options, contact us.
In addition to the four product tiers, we also added a range of Professional Services pricing options that include on-site trainings (for groups of all sizes) and Riak/Riak CS Test Drive. With Test Drive, the Professional Services team will help with initial backend design and assist new users in pre-production phases with on-site and continuous support.
Professional Services now has à la carte options such as Health Check, Quickstart, Operations and Automation Support, and Use Case and Data Access Pattern Analysis.
Contact us to get started with these new Riak and Riak CS product tiers.
An Inside Look: Basho's Decision to Expand Open Source Options
January 14, 2014
Today, we announced our newly expanded product portfolio. We have added many new offerings for both Riak and Riak CS to better meet the needs of our growing user base. You can check out prices and what's been added here.
An Inside Look
In 2009, Basho first open sourced Riak. That decision has driven our culture, our development process, our business model, and – in large part – our current success. The Basho team strongly believes that open source drives adoption (a concept discussed at length in Stephen O'Grady's book, The New Kingmakers). In addition to being a favorite of start-ups, open source continues to attract more and more IT organizations, enterprise architects, and CIOs.
Basho support for Riak and Riak CS open source users is at the heart of this expanded product portfolio. Since launching Riak 1.0 just over two years ago, providing guaranteed support for non commercial-software users has been a topic of much discussion within Basho. As a distributed database, Riak is built for mission-critical applications where any downtime is not tolerable, revenue is often on the line, and a bulletproof, low-latency customer experience is absolutely required.
Our Enterprise customers love our support. Fortune 500 customers that put Riak into production never leave Riak. Our front-line Client Services Engineers are all full-stack engineers who resolve issues directly. In 2013, Basho's average time to first respond to an Urgent ticket was 11 minutes. The team also handled over 2,000 customer requests that ranged from Riak configuration questions and performance tuning, to application design and full-stack inquiries. Some recent examples of customer praise:
Scott Densmore with CenturyLink
Loving the support from @basho! These guys are awesome!
— Scott Densmore (@scottdensmore) December 27, 2013
Brian Akins at Turner Broadcasting
Huge shout out to @basho for saving our bacon
— Brian Akins (@bakins) October 17, 2013
In addition to our Enterprise customers, we also have a fast-growing community of users that are in different stages of their software development lifecycle. Our Enterprise level of support (24×7) may not always be necessary. Many early-stage users simply do not yet require the advanced features of Riak Enterprise and Riak CS Enterprise, such as Multi-Datacenter Replication.
As Basho has transitioned from start-up to growth stage, we've continued to evaluate how we can continue the ultra-high support experience our Enterprise customers have come to rely on, while expanding support to other users. This expanded product portfolio allows us to do both.
The Finer Details of the New Portfolio
For both Riak and Riak CS, we now offer four levels of service: Starter, Basic, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus. All of these options combine the built-in benefits of open source Riak and Riak CS with Basho engineering support, providing access to our global team of Client Services Engineers for assistance.
All tiers offer online ticket tracking for issues and Enterprise and Enterprise Plus also offer emergency patches. SLAs are available for guaranteed ticket response by a Basho engineer:
- 12-hour guarantee for Starter
- 1-hour guarantee for Basic
- 30-minute guarantee for Enterprise and Enterprise Plus
- Enterprise and Enterprise Plus also offer a continuous support availability option during customer special events
Finally, as with Riak Enterprise and Riak CS Enterprise in the past, both Enterprise and Enterprise Plus include Multi-Datacenter Replication (which also enables cluster-to-cluster replication for secondary workloads), reduced replicas at secondary sites for more efficient storage, and SNMP and JMX Support. Enterprise Plus adds a Basho baseline and annual health check, which provides added Basho assurance and ensures long-term platform stability and performance. All Enterprise offerings include a commercial license – providing more flexible permitted usage.
Contact us to get started with these new Riak and Riak CS product tiers.
Basho Expands Product Portfolio for Riak to Meet the Needs of its Rapidly Growing Global User Base
CAMBRIDGE, MA – January 14, 2014 – Basho today announced the expansion of its product portfolio to meet the needs of the rapidly growing user communities surrounding both Riak, the industry leading distributed NoSQL database, and Riak CS, Basho's fast growing cloud storage software. Since the launch of Riak 1.0 in 2011, Basho has grown to serve over one-third of the Fortune 50 and many of the world's most popular brands.
Basho's expanded Product Portfolio includes the following offerings:
- The introduction of Riak Starter and Riak Basic providing Basho engineering and customer support for users of its Apache 2-licensed open source product. Starting at $2,800 per node/year, Riak Starter provides a new, low-cost entry point for Riak users to gain access to Basho's support engineers. At $4,400 per node/year, Riak Basic provides enterprise-class, 24×7 support to open source users not requiring the benefits provided by Riak Enterprise or Riak CS Enterprise, Basho's commercial software.
- Riak Enterprise, Basho's flagship distributed database software, will continue to offer additional enterprise-class features, such as multi-datacenter replication, combined with 24×7 support, and wrapped in Basho's commercial license offering flexible permitted usage and ultra-high service levels. Our Riak Enterprise SLA for urgent tickets improves from 1-hour guarantee to 30 minutes in 2014. As a scale-out, multi-datacenter database, volume discounts are available.
- Riak CS Enterprise, Basho's flagship distributed cloud storage software, will continue to offer additional enterprise-class features, such as multi-datacenter replication, combined with 24×7 support, and wrapped in Basho's commercial license with flexible permitted usage and high service levels. Our Riak CS Enterprise SLA for urgent tickets improves from 1-hour guarantee to 30 minutes in 2014. As a scale-out, multi-datacenter database, volume discounts are available.
- The introduction of Riak Enterprise Plus and Riak CS Enterprise Plus integrates a baseline and annual system health check with a Riak Enterprise or Riak CS Enterprise license, providing an added assurance from Basho and ensuring long-term platform stability and performance.
- The introduction of Riak Test Drive and Riak CS Test Drive – pre-packaged solutions offering Basho Professional Services for initial design and, with a 6-month Riak developers-node option, to assist new users in pre-production phases with on-site and continuous support.
"Our portfolio expansion is a significant response to serve the diverse needs of a rapidly growing Riak user community," commented Bobby Patrick, Executive Vice President and CMO at Basho. "We are excited to expand our ability to offer Basho's world-class customer support to a new segment of Riak open source users. These new offerings allow Basho to allocate resources to serve a broader variety of customer support needs, while simultaneously enhancing our support capacity to ensure the highest levels of quality and responsiveness to our Riak Enterprise and Riak CS Enterprise customers, many of whom run revenue and service-critical platforms and applications in production today that depend on Riak."
Additional Pricing Information
Basho's expanded subscription pricing for Riak Starter, Riak Basic, Riak Enterprise, and Riak Enterprise Plus is available on the Basho site. In addition, Basho also offers perpetual licensing options and reduced prices for developer-only nodes. Basho Professional Services offers additional services, including developer and operations training, Riak health checks, and custom engagement services.
Update on Riak 2.0
Basho anticipates the general availability of Riak 2.0 within the next 75 days. All Basho customers will have immediate access to customer support and Riak 2.0 software code at that time, subject to the support terms of their product tier. For more information on Riak 2.0, visit our blog: basho.com/introducing-riak-2-0/.
Introducing Riak 2.0: Data Types, Strong Consistency, Full-Text Search, and Much More
October 29, 2013
Today at RICON West in San Francisco, we announced the Technical Preview of Riak 2.0 is now available. This major release adds a number of new features that many of you have been waiting for.
Throughout RICON West, we will be discussing many of the Riak 2.0 features (both in track sessions or during lightning talks), so keep your eyes on the live stream over the next two days. Videos of all sessions will also be made available after the conference.
Here is a look at some of the major enhancements available in Riak 2.0:
- Riak Data Types. Building on the eventually consistent counters introduced in Riak 1.4, Riak 2.0 adds sets and maps as new distributed data types. These Riak Data Types simplify application development without sacrificing Riak's availability and partition tolerance characteristics.
- Strong Consistency. Developers have the flexibility to choose whether buckets should be eventually consistent (the default Riak configuration today that provides high availability) or strongly consistent, based on data requirements.
- Full-Text Search Integration with Apache Solr. Riak Search is completely redesigned in Riak 2.0, leveraging the Apache Solr engine. Riak Search in 2.0 supports the Solr client query APIs, enabling integration with a wide range of existing software and commercial solutions.
- Security. Riak 2.0 adds the ability to administer access rights and utilize plug-in authentication models. Authentication and Authorization is provided via client APIs.
- Simplified Configuration Management. Riak 2.0 continues to improve Riak's operational simplicity by changing how, and where, configuration information is stored in an easy-to-parse and transparent format.
- Reduced Replicas for Multiple Data Centers. Riak Enterprise 2.0 can optionally store fewer copies of replicated data across multiple data centers to better maintain a balance between storage overhead and availability.
Ready to get started? Download the Technical Preview.
Please note that this is only a Technical Preview of Riak 2.0. This means that it has been tested extensively, as we do with all of our release candidates, but there is still work to be completed to ensure it's production hardened. Between now and the final release, we will be continuing manual and automated testing, creating detailed use cases, gathering performance statistics, and updating the documentation for both usage and deployment.
As we are finalizing Riak 2.0, we welcome your feedback for our Technical Preview. We are always available to discuss via the Riak Users mailing list, IRC (#riak on freenode), or contact us.
Riak 2.0 Technical Preview: Deep Dive
Riak Data Types
In distributed systems, we are forced to trade consistency for availability (see: CAP Theorem) and this can complicate some aspects of application design. In Riak 2.0, we have integrated cutting-edge research on data types known as called CRDTs (Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types) pioneered by INRIA to create Riak Data Types. By adding counters, sets, maps, registers, and flags, these Riak Data Types enable developers to spend less time thinking about the complexities of vector clocks and sibling resolution and, instead, focusing on using familiar, distributed data types to support their applications' data access patterns.
A more detailed overview of Riak Data Types is available that examines implementation considerations and the basics of usage.
Strong Consistency
In all prior versions, Riak was classified as an eventually consistent system. With the 2.0 release, Riak now lets developers choose when operations should be strongly or eventually consistent. This gives developers a choice between these semantics for different types of data. At the same time, operators can continue to enjoy the operational simplicity of Riak. Consistency preferences are defined on a per bucket type basis, in the same cluster.
A RICON West 2012 talk entitled, Bringing Consistency to Riak, shares much of the initial thinking behind this effort. In addition, the pull request that adds consistency to
riak_kv provides detailed information about related repositories and the implementation approach.
Redesigned Full-Text Search
Riak is a key/value store and the values are simply stored on disk as binary. With previous versions of Riak Search, Riak developers have long been able to index the content of these stored values. In Riak 2.0, Riak Search (code-named Yokozuna) has been completely redesigned and now uses the Apache Solr full-text document indexing engine directly. Together, Riak and Solr provide a reliable full-text context indexing solution that is highly available and built for scale. In addition, Riak Search 2.0 also fully supports the Solr client query APIs, which enables integration with existing software solutions (either homegrown or commercial).
The Basho engineers responsible for Yokozuna have created a resources page that includes recorded talks, Solr documentation links, and books on the topic.
Basho designed Riak with critical data in mind. Whether it's data that affects revenue, user experience, or even a patient's health (as is the case with the NHS), Riak ensures that this critical data is always available. However, often this critical data is also sensitive data. Riak 2.0 adds security to this data through the ability to administer access rights and plug-in various secure authentication models commonly used today.
The initial RFC that describes the security effort, including related Pull Requests, is available at github.com/basho/riak/issues/355.
Simplified Configuration Management
At Basho, we pride ourselves on providing operationally friendly software that functions smoothly when dealing with the challenges of a distributed system. In the past, configuration of Riak occurred in two files:
app.config and
vm.args. Riak 2.0 changes how and where configuration information is stored. It no longer uses Erlang-specific syntax but, rather, provides a layout more suited for all operators and automated deployment tools. This layout is easy to parse and transparent for Riak administrators.
More information on the vision and specific implementation considerations are contained in the repository at github.com/basho/cuttlefish.
Bucket Types
In versions of Riak prior to 2.0, keys were made up of two parts: the bucket they belong to and a unique identifier within that bucket. Buckets act as a namespace and allow for similar keys to be grouped. In addition, they provide a means of configuring how previous versions of Riak treated that data.
In Riak 2.0, several new features (security and strong consistency in particular) need to interact with groups of buckets. To this end, Riak 2.0 includes the concept of a Bucket Type. In addition to allowing new features without special prefixes in Bucket names, Riak developers and operators are able to define a group of buckets that share the same properties and only store information about each Bucket Type, rather than individual buckets.
More information about Bucket Types can be found in the Github Issue at github.com/basho/riak/issues/362. This issue describes the planned functionality, discussions about implementation, and includes related pull requests.
Change in Defaults for Sibling Resolution
Riak has always supported both application-side and timestamp and vector clock-based Last Write Wins server-side resolution. Prior to Riak 2.0, vector clock-based Last Write Wins has been the default. Moving forward, new clusters will hand off siblings to applications by default. This is the safest way to work with Riak, but requires developers to be aware of sibling resolution.
In a blog series entitled, Understanding Riak's Configurable Behaviours, Basho Evangelist John Daily discusses the configuration of Last Write Wins, and many other options, in great detail.
More Efficient Use of Physical Memory
Riak nodes are designed to manage the changing demands of a cluster as it experiences network, hardware, and other failures. To do this, Riak balances each node's resources accordingly. Riak 2.0 has vastly improved LevelDB's use of available physical memory (RAM) by allowing local databases to dynamically change their cache sizes as the cluster fluctuates under load.
In the past, it was necessary to specify RAM allocation for different LevelDB caches independently. This is no longer the case. In Riak 2.0, LevelDB databases that manage key/value or active anti-entropy data share a single pool of memory, and administrators are free to allocate as much of the available RAM to LevelDB as they feel is appropriate in their deployment. Detailed implementation documentation can be found in the basho/leveldb wiki.
Riak Ruby Vagrant Project
If you are interested in testing Riak 2.0, in a contained environment with the Riak Ruby Client, Basho engineer Bryce Kerley has put together the Riak-Ruby-Vagrant repository. In addition, this environment can be easily adapted to usage with other clients for testing the new features of Riak 2.0.
Sign Up For a Riak Tech Talk
May 20, 2013
Are you and your team evaluating Riak? Basho offers Tech Talks for companies that are evaluating Riak Enterprise and Riak CS Enterprise. In these sessions, our technical evangelists will provide your engineers, developers, and ops team with a personalized Riak deep-dive to help develop your use case and answer questions. The goal is to accelerate your learning process, give you direct access to our team, and ensure your evaluations and deployments are a success. You can sign up for a Tech Talk here. Simply provide your contact information, some details on your use case, and what stage you're in, and we'll work with you to set up an in-person or virtual meeting depending on location and availability.
Riak Tech Talks cover topics including:
- Riak's architecture, properties and principles
- Structuring applications with Riak's key/value data model
- Various querying options including search, secondary indexing, and MapReduce
- What your operations team needs to know before implementation
- Riak configuration, tuning, and performance considerations
- Case studies of similar use cases in production and what they learned
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You can sign up for a Tech Talk here.


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a spur of the the minute decision to go Chicago and no hesitation booking this hotel.. Could only get a suite at such short notice but the views form the 5th floor windows on both sides were worth it-views down to the Lake and down the theatre district. The attention every time you walk in is so personal-love the happy hour for wine and one night we missed it so w e were given a free drink at the bar. The bed was the most comfortable ever.
love that a very nice restaurant is on the premises too.
It's also central to many sights.
The only thing I don't like is the dog policy whilst the ones there were no trouble i find it strange that dogs are allowed in a hotel
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Chosen by Conde Nast Traveler as one of the best hotels in the world, the Hotel Burnham is an intimate boutique hotel like no other. Housed in the landmark Reliance Building, now beautifully restored, the Hotel Burnham provides an authentic, luxurious and historic taste of the Windy City. In the heart of the Chicago Loop, across from Millennium Park, and adjacent to Atwood Café, the hotel is near Chicago's top destinations and attractions. ... more less
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- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Hotels.com, Priceline, HotelTravel.com, TripOnline SA, Despegar.com, Travelocity, Odigeo, Agoda, Tingo and Jetsetter so you can book your Hotel Burnham - a Kimpton Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
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Fodor's Week in Travel: A Road Less TraveledMore
Life is too short for bad meals. Use our guide to find the best food in Brittany, from street carts to fine dining.
Looking for a beach vacation? Let us help you find the right spot.More
View deals in Brittany for vacation packages, hotels, airfare, and more from our partners!More


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Health and wellness is an important part of the university's mission. Since 2010, Central has maintained a tobacco-free campus. Central is also certified by the Oklahoma State Department of Health and Central Oklahoma Turning Point as a "Healthy Campus."Great College to Work ForGreen Power Partner
- UCO Honors the 'Noble Profession' of Teaching with New Event, National Teacher of the Year Address
- UCO Administrator Named Honorary Consul to Korea
- ACM@UCO to Present Fall 'LiveLink' Show Featuring ACM@UCO Bands
- Acklin Crowned 'Miss UCO 2015'
- The UCO School of Music Presents Back-to-Back Evenings of Symphony Music
- Santa, Lights, Winter Carnival and More at UCO's 'WinterGlow' Celebration Dec. 5
Check It Out
- Final exams are for Dec. 8-12. Learn more.
- Check out Spring 2015 enrollment dates and waitlist.
- Thanksgiving Break: Offices will be closed and classes will not be in session Nov. 26-28 for Thanksgiving Break, including the UCO Wellness Center. Download the academic calendar.
Stay winter-weather aware. Learn about closing information, snow removal and more.


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Luxury high-rise meets major milestone
August 11, 2010
A topping off ceremony was held in late October for 400 Fifth Avenue, a 57,000-sf high-rise that includes a 214-room luxury hotel and 190 high-end residential condominiums. Developed by Bizzi & Partners Development and designed by Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects, the 60-story tower in midtown Manhattan sits atop a smaller-scale 10-story base, which creates a street façade that better relates to its low-rise neighbors, including the famous Tiffany & Company building. The simple massing of the tower portion rises without setback and is capped by a stainless steel crown. Completion: fall 2010.
Comments on: "Luxury high-rise meets major milestone "
The Business Behind Design
Get Inspired: Color and Coatings
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Added Feb 9, 2009
by dreamweaver
So.Portland, Mai...
I made this jumper from scrap of old black corduroy I found in basement chest. Big heart and dots are also made from tiny pieces of red corduroy. Perfect for Valentine!!
Mar 3, 2009, 01.08 PMby arsonista
Nice pompom addition!
Feb 10, 2009, 11.33 AMby dreamweaver
Thanks!! The great thing about this pattern is that you don't need much fabric. I could see myself making this jumper with so many different kinds of leftover fabrics. The only thing is my kids are all grownups and I don't have grandkids yet to dress up. But this would make a perfect gift for mothers with toddler!!
Feb 9, 2009, 01.23 PMby sew4my3
Very very cute! Love the heart and it is great that the black fabric was a usable treasure!
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Worried about the recent rise in petrol tax? Fear not: you don't need
Verdict: The Renault surprises - it's cheaper, more comfortab
Peter Huntington is more than happy with his 2009 Renault Koleos 6-spe
We turn the spotlight on the car world's newest and brightest stars as
Postman Pat never had it so good. If the affable postie ventured into
Renault is goal kicking continues with the recent introduction of a lo
Renault's continued drive to become a mainstream player in Australia


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Senior Member
I'm not so keen on this new idea. The way I see it what's the real difference between getting 2nd tier power and a lich bane, or a 2nd tier death and a rylai's? I don't think there is much of one thus making the whole thing redundant. But I like the direction of an upgrade that affects his whole kit rather than just a single ability, it's how I felt he should have worked in the first place, evolving his whole playstyle based on your item choice rather than just a single ability. Perhaps if you could come up with some unique passives rather than taking already existing item passives this direction could work.
Not keen on waiting till S4 for an upgrade though that's partly because I didn't like your previous idea. On paper it sounded more like KhaZix v2 than Viktor.
In regards to a second laser how crazy would it be if you could control the second portions path like the first portion?
FA Aokiji
Hi Solcrushed! I felt comfortable providing my info too, after reading this.
Yeah, I'm honestly not too thrilled with the idea of the Hex Core being just an analog for an item we can already get on literally any other champion in the game, even if it's a cheaper alternative.
I like the direction the old Cores were going in - additional, completely new effects for a given ability - and I don't understand why that can't just be the way of things. Keep Tier 1 cores the way they are, and have Tier 2 cores add further effects - instantaneous Q shield, wider W, two-sweep E for example - or even give the option to upgrade his ult after tier 1.
Other options could include the ability to give his Hex Core active effects - a fifth spell, so to speak, based on the route you took earlier.
If Power is for TankyVik, then the Power Core could upgrade to tier 2 for better stats and the ability to project a shield, or a New-Karma-Style healing tether, or... whatever.
Similarly, Gravity (UtilityVik) could be activated to do a Syndra sort of cone-push, or some manner of slow/stun/root.
Death (DamageVik) could get a boring old AoE nuke, it's already got the best T1 power.
I dunno, just spitballing. It's a shame that the required store tech isn't available, but there's plenty of room to grow without it. Viktor's Hex Core isn't actually that terrible as-is; it just seems needlessly punishing because it's a required item that doesn't feel useful lategame. Any new addition that could give it that endgame punch would be well-received, I think.
i like lich bane as the E
u poke them with laser and as ur closing in on them AA and Q profit....
how it goes for me most of the time
or in tankyer champs its poke with E run in AA stun field Q AA more profit
and rylas should be built like every single time any way cause if u have rylas built into one of the abilitys what are u gonna do for some hps?
the way he had it the first time is correct yellow should be a rylas proc cause then they are slowed and ur haulin butt up to them and stun pad them
where as red is all about burst e.g lich bane proc
Couldn't you solve the tech issue with moving him on a Kha'zix skill system, and have a consumable item grant the "evolution point"? I'm not sure how modular your code is, but it might be able to grant the bonus skill effects of the upgrades (probably not the passive stats though).
David Hume
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Looking for info on my gggggreat grandfather matthew sr lounsberry. Born abt 1765 in Holland, married Mary Wagon abt 1783, in pony hollow, chemung, NY. Died 1843 in oakford, Il. Would like to know when/how he came to the US and who his parents are. Thank you... :)
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I endorse this lawyer's work. She and her colleagues successfully fought the Texas Department of Protective and Family Services in major litigation... more


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Insurance Planning – Account Representative / Customer Service
Insurance Planning in Russell currently has an opening for a full time Customer Service Account Representative.
USD 407 - Several Openings
USD 407 in Russell currently has several coaching, maintenance and clerical positions available.
City of Russell - Water/Wastewater Maintenance Worker
The City of Russell is accepting applications for the position of Water/Wastewater Maintenance Worker.


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All Schools
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There are 10 private schools in Lubbock, TX, serving 2,024 students.
Minority enrollment is 15% of the student body, which is less than the TX state average of 35%.
The student:teacher ratio of 8:1 is equal to the state private school average of 8:1.
Lubbock, Texas Private Schools
- School Location Students Grades
LubbockAll Saints Episcopal School
3222 103rd St
Lubbock, TX, 79423
(806)745-7701(Episcopal)240 students | Gr. PK-8
LubbockCalvary Baptist Weekday Ministries
5301 82nd St
Lubbock, TX, 79424
(806)794-4120Daycare / Preschool (Baptist)26 students | Gr. PK-KG
LubbockChrist The King Cathedral School
4011 54th St
Lubbock, TX, 79413
(806)795-8283(Roman Catholic)282 students | Gr. PK-12
LubbockKingdom Preparatory Academy
Po Box 64028
Lubbock, TX, 79464
(806)767-9334Special Program Emphasis (Christian)152 students | Gr. PK-12
LubbockLubbock Christian School
2604 Dover Ave
Lubbock, TX, 79407
(806)796-8700(Church of Christ)330 students | Gr. PK-12
LubbockLubbock Junior Academy
5302 Elgin Ave
Lubbock, TX, 79413
(806)795-4481(Seventh-Day Adventist)15 students | Gr. 2-8
LubbockNew Life Academy
Po Box 1650
Lubbock, TX, 79408
(806)763-0117(Christian)14 students | Gr. PK-5
LubbockSouthcrest Christian School
3801 S Loop 289
Lubbock, TX, 79423
(806)797-7400(Baptist)357 students | Gr. PK-12
LubbockSt. Luke's Pre-school
3708 45th Street
Lubbock, TX, 79413
(806)797-4396Daycare / Preschool (Methodist)14 students | Gr. PK-K
LubbockTrinity Christian School
6701 University Avenue
Lubbock, TX, 79413
(806)791-6583(Christian)594 students | Gr. NS-12
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What do you do when you are dissatisfied with your local public schools? Homeschool your children? Send them to private school? Let's look at your options.
Your religion matters to you. You want your child to attend a school which will combine academics and religious education. Here is an overview of what is available together with some links to denominational web sites.
Add things up and you'll quickly find the answer- math is crucial both in academics and the real world. By following these strategies and following personal training programs, students can uncover their weaknesses and conquer math.


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NSA snoops all of Gmail, and Google probably helps
Earlier this year, I dared point out that Google could be a private intelligence agency for the left. Some people told me to put on a tinfoil hat. So I
Earlier this year, I dared point out that Google could be a private intelligence agency for the left. Some people told me to put on a tinfoil hat. So I
If you head over to San Jose Mercury News, you'll see an article posted over the weekend talking about the impact of Obamacare on individuals. What's most interesting is that
Regular Red State readers know how much fun I've had covering the auto industry in recent years. From Obama's push for newer, tougher CAFE standards on a struggling industry to
For those with short memories: That was way back in 2008 when President Obama was merely a candidate. Five years later, his dreams of bankrupting coal are getting taken
There have been so many articles written about the effort to defund or delay Obamacare that I hesitated to even begin typing this sentence. What is one more voice in
Dubbed by some as the "Invisible Man" for his hands off approach to Newark, Mayor Cory Booker has no shortage of critics living in the city he's lauding as a
Over the last few weeks as the crisis in Syria has come to a head, I've found myself in nonstop arguments about what, if anything, to do. My own opinion
There's a lot of buzz today about this interview of Reza Aslan, a card carrying member of academia with a Ph.D. in the sociology of religions from the University of
Way back in 1937, Democrat hero and Republican villain, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, proposed the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill. Essentially, Roosevelt was having trouble getting the Supreme Court to rule his
As the Democrats push forward with their plan to change the Senate rules so as to end the minority parties ability to filibuster legislation and require 60 votes, sources close
One of conservatives' pet peeves so far as liberals go is their constant cry of "racism" anytime anything that threatens entrenched, liberal interests crops up. Usually, we see this in
Cablevision has asked the U.S. Supreme Court to intervene in an investigation by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) about complaints involving 22 former workers that were allegedly wrongfully terminated.
Yesterday, North Carolina became the first state in the country to forfeit federal long-term unemployment benefits. As her state budgets continued to balloon and unemployment remains uncomfortably high, the Republican
I already told you about Reps. Pete Olson & Joe Barton's big government grab for expanding the RFS Mandate to have ethanol requirements for natural gas. Well there's a hearing
We have written before about Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa, who seems determined to seize the mantle of Latin American Lefty Authoritarian of the Decade from Hugo Chavez's dead body. However,


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November 27, 2014
Durango, Colo. (AP) - Durango County's jail population has dropped by 20 percent this year, and officials credit a new drug court, intense supervision programs and speedy resolution to cases.
La Plata County Sheriff's Sgt. Bill Homes says the average length of a jail stay has dropped from 22 days last year to 13.5 days this year. The average daily population of inmates so far this year is 140, compared with 178 in 2008.
District Attorney Todd Risberg says he supports reasonable jail terms that change behavior while complying with the law. He says most offenders get the same message from 10 days in jail as they do from 20.
Officials say they haven't seen a major cash savings since a full staff is needed to run the jail, despite the drop.
KKCO firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKCO 11News.powered by Disqus
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Tremendous Ten: Zach Wood Dominated East Lake Wrestling Tournament
Published: Wednesday, December 11, 2013 at 10:25 p.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, December 11, 2013 at 10:25 p.m.
1. Zach Wood, George Jenkins: The senior went 4-0 and was named the East Lake wrestling tournament's outstanding wrestler.
2. Jake Molony, Lakeland Christian: The senior scored three goals in the Vikings' 4-1 win over McKeel Academy on Dec. 3.
3. Kevin Wilson, Kathleen: The senior scored nine of his 11 points in the fourth quarter to help the Red Devils beat Naples Barron Colier, 51-46 on Saturday.
4. Madison Pike, Winter Haven: The junior scored three goals in the Blue Devils' 5-3 win over Auburndale on Dec. 3.
5. Ja De'Rian Johnson, Ridge Community: The senior scored 13 points in the Bolts' 57-48 win over Tampa Jesuit.
6. Justin Henderson, Lake Wales: The junior carried the ball 19 times for 106 yards and a touchdown in the Highlanders' 48-16 loss to American Heritage in the Class 5A state semifinals Friday.
7. Chenya Sealey, Bartow: The senior had 14 points and seven steals in the Yellow Jackets' 55-28 win over Fort Meade on Dec. 3.
8. Devin Patel, All Saints: The senior had a goal and two assists in the Saints' 4-0 win over Crooms on Dec. 5.
9. Sarah Owen, Lake Wales: The eighth-grader had eight saves in the Highlanders' 1-0 win over Auburndale on Dec. 5.
10. Kevin Coy, Victory Christian: The senior rushed for 58 yards and racked up 46 receiving yards in the Storm's 14-7 loss to Hialeah Champagnat Catholic on Friday.
[ Tremendous 10 nomination must be received by Monday each week. ]
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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Vote for the Lakeland Automall Player of the Week
|Tyce Nagel, Haines City: 220-lb. Spiegel Inv. Champion
|Mary Garib, Ridge: Hat trick vs. St. Cloud
|Lauren Greene, Jenkins: Hat trick against Bloomingdale
|Laura Beth Borders, Winter Haven:2 goals, 1 assist in 4A-7 title game
Number of votes cast: 38


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Your Basket
Book a room online or call
023 8065 1478
Our Christmas Party Nights run from 30 November to 23 December and promise a truly unforgettable celebration. You'll enjoy a delicious three-course meal with first-class entertainment from our tribute artistes, before dancing the night away to the sounds of our resident DJ until 2am.
Doors open 7pm
1st Set 9.30pm
Dancing to DJ until 2am
To book a dining table please contact Vanessa:
firstname.lastname@example.com or telephone 023 8061 3989
Online bookings are for entrance tickets only.
Fresh off the back of a successful 2012 European tour, The All New Jersey Boys are the UK's ultimate tribute to Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons, one of the greatest and most successful groups in music history. With over 170 million albums sold in a career spanning 5 decades, this wonderful show takes you on a musical journey through the Four Seasons biggest hits including Sherry, Oh What A Night, Big Girls Don't Cry, Walk Like A Man, Can't Take My Eyes Off You and Working My Way Back To You, taking in Frankie Valli's smash solo hits My Eyes Adored You, Grease and many more along the way, paying close attention to the high Falsetto, deep rich bass and tight harmonies combined with slick routines.
The All New Jersey Boys perfectly recreate the music that defined a generation. No matter what your age, this fantastic show will leave you thinking 'Oh what a night', and 'Beggin' for more!!


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PM Narendra Modi, Nawaz Sharif shake hands at SAARC
Relinquish either BCCI post or CSK ownership, SC recommends Srinivasan
Watch: Zee Media exclusive coverage on black money
Australian batsman Phil Hughes dies of head injury
Vadodara's Chandni puts herself on sale on Facebook due to poverty
Exclusive: Ajay Devgn, Sonakshi on their film 'Action Jackson'
#SaveChandni: Poverty drives Vadodara girl to put herself on sale on Facebook
News|Pics |Exclusive
Jammu and Kashmir polls: It's PDP Vs BJP
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Jharkhand Assembly elections 2014: Will the electorate vote for a stable government this time?
BJP, Shiv Sena should together govern Maharashtra: Devendra Fadnavis
Blasts, gunfire in Kabul after suicide bomber hits UK embassy car
India vs Australia: Phillip Hughes' tragic death puts Brisbane Test in doubt
IPTL: Gael Monfils to take on Tomas Berdych in first match
European Parliament backs break-up of Google
Twitter to track apps on your smartphone
Bollywood | Music | Redhot | Reviews | Hollywood
Sonam Kapoor: Bollywood's 'hungry young woman'
Dos and don'ts for your winter skin care!
I saw humans on Mars in 1979: Ex-NASA employee
Agriculture Minister welcomes new central university at Motihari
Phillip Hughes
SAARC Summit 2014
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Indian Super League 2014
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Poonam Pandey: The internet sensation
Domestic tourists inflow increases in Rajasthan by eight percent
Recipe: Banana and cinnamon porridge
What the stars hold for you today?
Sundeep Koachar predicts your month ahead.
What the stars hold for you today?
Ruchira Mittal predicts your month ahead.
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Yummy Links: From Vampire Cookies to Beer-Turkey Pairings
by partysugar 3 Reactions 0 Shares Print
- Celebrate the premiere of New Moon by making vampire cookies. — Baking Bites
- Fabio Viviani talks turkey. — Endless Simmer
- Find out why ground beef is dangerous. — The Atlantic
- Are you on Team Martha or Team Rachael Ray? — The Epi-Log
- Anthony Bourdain is not happy that the Travel Channel is now under Food Network's ownership. — Eater
- Google has launched a new food-centric portal. — Grub Street SF
- A detailed description of Guy Fieri's just launched road tour. — Eat Me Daily
- Michael Chiarello on brining turkey. — Chow
- Worried about what wine pairs with turkey? How about serving beer instead? — Serious Eats
Read More Beer PairingsVampire CookiesFabio VivianiTwilightGround BeefGoogleGuy FieriYummy LinksAnthony BourdainBeerThanksgivingTurkeyRachael RayLink TimeMartha Stewart
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- 13 fuss-free recipes for a vegan Thanksgiving — Food52
- 50 states of Thanksgiving — The New York Times
- Minnesota revolts against The New York Times' grape dish — Grub Street
- 5 essential wines to serve at Thanksgiving — PureWow
- All the unbelievable food you can eat on a Carnival cruise — Foodbeast


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|Spartan Wall
|20m. Between Afternoon and the End Cave, a 20m scramble (5+ but no bolts) leads to a comfortable belay cave. The route follows a white streak up an almost blank vertical wall, with a desperate crux move by the 3rd bolt. © ROCKFAX
FA. Adrian Berry Sep/2004
Photo: Smooth as they come, Spartan Wall (8b) © Chris Craggs
Users with this climb on their wishlist are:
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ACU theology professor takes part in international conference in Switzerland
Posted February 05, 2010
Dr. Frederick Aquino, associate professor of theology and philosophy in the Graduate School of Theology at Abilene Christian University, recently presented a paper at the third annual World Universities Forum, January 9-11 in Davos, Switzerland.
The paper, entitled The Urge to Connect: Toward an Epistemology of Wisdom in the University, offers suggestions about the conditions that cultivate understanding and wisdom in the university setting.
"The conference helped take into consideration the educational implications of our project and provided an opportunity to think more carefully about the challenge of getting people to think critically and globally within the university setting," says Aquino.
Aquino and Dr. William Abraham, professor of theology at Southern Methodist University, currently are working on a book that focuses on the relationship between epistemology and theology.
The World Universities Forum is an annual conference held in different locations around the world. This year, university leaders, diplomats and academics with high interest in college level education were invited to the Congress Center Davos to discuss the role and future of the university in a changing world.
To learn more about the World Universities Forum conference, visit http://ontheuniversity.com/conference-2010/.
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The World Cup's 25 Fittest Players
Well, to be clear, these guys are all ludicrously fit. Maybe the one exception would've been Brazilian Ronaldo in his final World Cup in 1998, in which people started calling him Fat Ronaldo, an unfortunate nickname for one of the best scorers of all time. Regardless, all of the guys in the 2014 World Cup can run punishing sprints for hours on end, but which ones are the fastest and have the most talent and precision that can take their respective teams to higher levels? Here's a list of some of the best players to watch in the tournament.
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- The 5 Toughest Yoga Positions for GuysTackle them to achieve the ultimate in strength and balance.


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Find delicious, comforting recipes for chicken noodle soup.
"This is a staple soup in our family. It's easy to make and delicious! If I want to add a twist I will add black beans and hominy. Adding avocados is a must!" – HaleyMarie
Recipe of the Day
Awesome Chicken Noodle Soup
Homemade chicken stock flavored with lemon grass is combined with carrots, celery, egg noodles and chicken in this heartwarming soup.
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Watch Chef John make a simple, soothing chicken noodle soup.
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This classic chicken and noodle soup is simple and so satisfying.
For the Angel family, matzo ball soup means tradition.
See how to make a simple creamy chicken soup with wild rice.


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Hayley Claire Oliver (born 24 April 1976) is a British country music singer. She has released two solo albums and one band project to date. She has received rave reviews in UK country music publications and airplay around the world on local country radio, nationally on BBC Radio 2 and right across the local BBC country network.
Paul Kennerley is an English singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer working in the American contemporary country music industry. His works include the concept albums, White Mansions and The Legend of Jesse James. He produced and co-wrote The Ballad of Sally Rose with Emmylou Harris in 1985 and was married to Harris from 1985 to 1993.
Steve Cherelle (born February 1970) is an English country/folk music singer and songwriter. He was raised in Essex, England.
Reg Cooper (c. 1920s – 24 March 2009) was a British country music singer and songwriter.
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NZ plans four-nippled sheep
New Zealand scientists plan to tackle the thorny problem of ewes producing more lambs than they have nipples to accommodate, by simply upping mum's teat-count, Stuff.co.nz reports. Apparently, NZ's ovine population has become more fertile over the past 10 years and females often drop triplets. AgResearch Invermay scientist …
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lol, trust a kiwi to think up a excuse to get paid to look at sheep nipples
If it works with sheep ...
Crackpot utopian commune, anybody?
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(April 11, 2011: San Diego, CA 92117) The crowd at Monday's league bout between the Christian Patriots (El Cajon, CA) and the host Madison Warhawks (San Diego, CA), saw Christian's volleyball squad beat Madison by a tally of 3-0.
With the win, Christian upgrades its record to 5-4 on the year. The Patriots travel to Clairemont (San Diego, CA) to play the Chieftains in a Central bout on Thursday, April 14. The Chieftains go into the bout with a record of 0-3. Clairemont lost 3-0 in their recent league bout against Hoover (San Diego, CA)
The Warhawks now own a 0-4 record. They play next when they host Crawford for a Central bout on Thursday, April 28.
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Means are disclosed for introducing a biological poison to water being removed from a lake or stream for presentation to an automatically operating water quality monitoring system. The poison introducing means is operative at only periodic intervals; and, when operating to introduce poison, a sampling device of the monitoring system is disabled to preserve its accuracy. The monitoring system is otherwise permitted to operate routinely during the time the poison is present in the system. The poison is admixed to the water promptly as the water is introduced to the monitoring system, with the result that the biological poison will cleanse the entire monitoring system by killing biological slime otherwise adhering to the exposed surfaces within the system. The biological poison also maintains sensor sensitivity within the monitoring system. The biological poison further suppresses biological activity in the water being monitored, thus preserving sample values that would otherwise have changed as the water being sampled advanced to remotely located monitoring equipment.
1. In the monitoring of wate wherein water is withdrawn from a source and conveyed through pipe means to a remote instrument for sensing a quality of water and then discharged remotely from and nonreturnably to said monitoring instrument, the method of retarding the growth of slime tending to adhere to said pipe means while periodically presenting said remote instrument with water representative of said source which comprises contacting the water substantially where withdrawn from said source with a biological poison at periods sufficiently spaced apart that water from said source which is substantially free of said poison will be presented to said sensing instrument between said spaced apart periods.
2. In a system for remotely monitoring a quality of water:
means for withdrawing the water to be monitored from a source of said water, a sensing instrument, means for conveying the water withdrawn from said source to said instrument, and means for remotely discharging said water from said instrument so that said water does not return to said instrument, the improvement comprising a supply of biological poison, and means for retarding slime development by periodically introducing poison from said supply to the water to be monitored substantially where the water is withdrawn from said source and for allowing water which is substantially free of said biological poison to be conveyed periodically from said source to said instrument by withholding poison from said water for substantial time intervals between said periodic introductions of poison to the water to be monitored.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said withdrawing means includes an intake horn submerged in said source of water, and said means for periodically introducing poison introduces said poison to the interior of said intake horn.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein said source of water is a stream, said horn has an opening thereto facing downstream, and said horn diverges in the direction of stream flow.
5. The system of claim 2 including a stilling well, said withdrawing means comprising an intake horn submerged in said source of water and conduit means extending between said stilling well and said intake horn, said means for periodically introducing poison introducing said poison to said water before said water enters said stilling well.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein said means for conveying the water withdrawn from said source comprises a pump disposed in said stilling well.
7. The system of claim 6 including means to retard inflow of debris within said stilling well to said pump means.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said means to retard is a sieve mounted on said pump means.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein said instrument elevationally higher than said stilling well, said pump is a backwashable pump, and including means to disable said pump whereby water approaching said instrument is permitted to backwash said pump and said sieve.
10. The system of claim 2 including automatic means for periodically extracting samples of the water being conveyed to said instrument.
11. The system of claim 10 including cycle timer means, said means for periodically introducing poison automatically responsive to said timer means, and including means automatically responsive to said timer means for disabling said sample extraction means during periods when said poison is present in the water conveyed by said conveying means to said instrument.
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 580,623, filed May 27, 1975 for AUTOMATIC SYSTEM CLEANER FOR REMOTE MONITOR, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the monitoring of specimens in which biological activities may occur and, more particularly, to the automatic monitoring of water specimens or samples removed from lakes and streams.
2. The Prior Art
It is a common practice to locate water monitoring equipment remotely from a lake or stream so as to protect the monitoring equipment from damage resulting from flooding, wind driven water, tides and the like. A problem commonly encountered, particularly in warm weather, is that continuing biological activity occurring in the water being sampled causes the sample which is monitored remotely to be not truly representative of the water at the instant the water was removed from the lake or stream. A further problem is that the continuing biological activity produces a biological slime which grows on all surfaces contacted by the water being sampled. The slime is particularly injurious to the various equipment which is to be contacted with the sampled water for purposes of monitoring and is frequently the cause of invalid data.
It has been a practice in the prior art to protect monitoring instruments by adding to the water sampled a biological poison, such as a chlorine compound, at a location adjacent the monitoring instrument to protect only the monitoring equipment.
German Auslegeschrift No. 1,141,101 illustrates the prior art technique of introducing a biological poison adjacent the monitoring equipment. Dutch Application No. 7,017,124 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,374,065 illustrate monitoring techniques employed for the measurement of biochemical oxygen demand.
In the present invention, disadvantages attending the prior art monitoring equipment are removed by providing an automatically timed apparatus for periodically introducing a biological poison to the water being sampled immediately as the sample is being withdrawn from its source. The periodic introduction of the biological poison functions as a complete system protector to keep all exposed surfaces throughout the monitoring system free of slime accumulations.
The present invention also provides backwashing means to preserve the cleanliness of the mechanism which pumps the water being sampled to monitoring devices and operates to enhance the effectiveness of the monitoring and sampling devices.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a broken-apart section view taken through a river bank and an adjacent river combined with a perspective illustration of the river and its bank behind the sectional cut to schematically illustrate a river water monitoring system in accordance with the present invention, portions being broken away to reveal interior construction.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective illustration with portions broken away illustrating the monitor intake.
FIG. 3 is a section view illustrating the interior construction of a stilling well in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating a cycle timing mechanism in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram with explanatory legends illustrating an operating cycle suitable for the present invention.
It is conventional in systems which are designed for use in monitoring the character of river water to utilize a stilling well which is at least partially buried in a bank of the river and which is connected by means of a pipe to an inlet which is submerged in the river water. A stilling well identified by the reference number 10 is shown in FIG. 1 and appears in greater detail in FIG. 3. A pipe 12 buried in the river bank communicates from the stilling well to an intake 14, which is located in a river 15 at a sufficiently low level that periodic fluctuations in the level of the river will not ordinarily carry the river to a level below that of the intake 14.
An arrow 17 appearing in FIG. 1 illustrates the direction in which the river water flows. A broken line 19 illustrates the corresponding water level in the stilling well. The intake 14 is in the shape of a rectangular horn, the mouth of which diverges in the direction of water flow. The mouth of the horn is covered by a screen 16, which serves as a fish guard. It will be noted that the area of the screen 16 is substantially larger than the cross sectional area of the pipe 12. The hydraulic head of water at the intake 14 causes water to flow through the intake 14 and the pipe 12 to the stilling well; but since the screen 16 is much larger in area than the pipe 12, there will not be a strong current at the screen 16 which will tend to draw leaves, twigs and other debris flowing with the river into the intake 14. This being the case, the normal river current will cause such debris to be deflected by the divergent exterior of the intake 14 away from the mouth of the intake. Thus such debris is not encouraged to enter the intake.
As appears in FIG. 3, the pipe 12 enters a lower portion of the stilling well 10, gasket means 18 sealing the opening to the stilling well through which the pipe enters the stilling well. The pipe 12 empties into the stilling well through a valve pipe 20, which is part of a valve 22, which may be used to close off the flow of water to the stilling well. An operating rod 24 connects from the valve 22 to a valve operator 26 located near the top of the stilling well 10. The stilling well is closed with a cover 28 hinged at 30 so that the cover may be lifted, thus allowing a manual manipulation of the operator 26.
Located within the stilling well opposite the opening of the valve 22 is a submersible pump 32 having an inlet sieve 34, the pump 32 being supported in an elevated position within the stilling well by means of a pump driving motor 36, which extends downwardly from the sieve 34.
A power cable 38 has electrical connection to the motor 36 through one of the perforations in the sieve 34. The power cable 38 enters the stilling well 10 near the top of the stilling well through a protective tube 40. The tube 40 extends underground to a higher elevation where connections are made to an instrument shelter and where electrical power is applied to the cable 38 so as to supply the necessary power for operating the pump motor 36.
The pump 32 charges water pumped thereby through a pressure hose 42, which connects to a T joint 44. One side of the T joint 44 connects to a valve 46 having an operator 48 accessible by lifting the cover 28. The valve 46, which is normally closed, communicates through a pipe section 52 to a T section 56, which connects between the aforementioned valve pipe 20 and the inlet pipe 12.
When the valve 46 is open and the valve 22 is closed, the pump 32, if operating, can be used to backwash the pipe 12 to the intake 14. Ordinarily, however, the valve 46 closes the pipe 52, and the valve 22 is open so as to give stream water free access to the stilling well 10. Of course, while the valve 22 remains open, the level of water in the stilling well 10 will be substantially equal to the level of water flowing in the stream 15.
As appears in FIG. 1, the protective tube 40 takes a vertically rising underground course to the base of an instrument shelter 58. Traveling interiorly of the tube 40 is the pressure hose 50 through which water driven by the pump 32 is conveyed to the shelter 58. Also traveling interiorly through the tube 40 adjacent the hose 50 is the power cable 38. Within the instrument shelter 58 the cable 38 makes connections to a power supply box 60 from which electrical power suitable for operating the pump motor 36 is received.
Also within the interior of the instrument shelter, the pressure hose, which is conveying water from the stilling well 10, connects to a sensor well 62, which presents the river water to sensing and sampling instruments schematically shown at 64 and 66, respectively. Water from the hose 50 enters the sensor well 62, contacts the sensing and sampling instruments, and then flows out of the well 62 through a drain pipe 68.
Those skilled in the art will understand that the sampling device shown at 66 is highly schematic. Thus the sampler may be a composite sampler which periodically extracts measured quantities of water and comingles the extracted quantities in a single container, not shown. Alternately, the sampling device may be a grab sampler in which measured quantities of water are periodically extracted and the successive extracts separately stored in individual containers, not shown, for later analysis. For the purposes of the present invention, it suffices to identify the instrument 64 as the sample extracting portion of a composite sampler.
The river water is permitted to drain to a sump 76. From the sump 76, the water is permitted to drain through the protective tube 40. As the water drains downwardly through the tube 40, it encounters a Y connection 78, which allows the water to drain through a discharge tube 80, which returns the water to the stream 15 at a point which is substantially downstream of the intake 14.
It is preferred that the lower end of the protective tube 40 which projects into the stilling well be closed except for any tubes and cables extending between the instrument shelter and the stilling well through the interior of the tube 40. Thus it is not desired that water draining from the instrument shelter be returned to the stilling well.
With the exception of the construction of the intake 14, all features of the monitoring system heretofore described are features well known in the art. For the practice of the present invention, there has been added to the structure already described a container 88 which contains a supply of a suitable biological poison, such as sodium hypochlorite. Subject to regulation by means of a solenoid control valve to be described, the poison is permitted to drain from the container 88 through a tube 82, which enters the protective tube 40 and follows a course interiorly of the tube 40 alongside the hose 50 and the power cable 38. Due to its downward course, the tube 82 operates as a siphon. When the tube 82 reaches the stilling well 10, the tube 82 is permitted to exit the stilling well alongside the pipe 12. A suitable grommet 83 sealingly engages the tube 82 so as to minimize any leakage of water between the stilling well and the ground in which the stilling well is partially buried. Suitable straps 86 are used to tie the tube 82 to the pipe 12 so that the tube 82, which may be a plastic, is supported against river currents.
The tube 82 follows alongside the pipe 12 toward the intake 14 where the tube 82 is connected by means of an elbow 84 to the interior of the intake 14 at a point closely adjacent the screen 16.
As previously indicated, the flow of poison from the container 88 to the intake 14 is subject to the regulation of a solenoid valve mechanism. This solenoid valve mechanism includes a solenoid 94 shown in FIG. 4. The solenoid 94, when energized, lifts an armature 96 against the force of gravity. The armature 96 is shaped to resemble a U-shaped hasp slideable in an anvil member 98. The hose 82 connecting from the poison container 88 passes between the armature 96 and the anvil 98. As a consequence, when the solenoid 94 is energized, the hose 90 is pinched to terminate any siphoning of poison from the container 88. When the solenoid 94 is de-energized, the armature 96 is permitted to drop, thus to permit poison to flow from the container 88 to the tube 82 and from there to the intake 14.
A pressure vent 92, making a Y connection to the tube 82, permits all of the poison to drain from the tube 82 therebelow, even though the armature 96 has been clamped against the tube 90 by operation of the solenoid 94.
The operation of the solenoid 94 is controlled by a clock mechanism 100 shown in FIG. 4. Contrary to conventional clocks which rotate the hour hand once every twelve hours, the clock mechanism 100 is designed to rotate a cam shaft 101 only 360� about its own axis in each twenty-four hour period. The shaft 101 is drivingly engaged to three cams numbered 102, 104 and 106. The movement of the cam 102 is followed by a cam follower 108, which operates a switch labeled SW 1, which respectively opens and closes the power supply to the cable 38 and thus to the submersible pump 32. The clock 100 and its associated cams may be located on a wall of the instrument shelter.
The movement of the cam 104 is followed by a cam follower 110, which regulates the position of a switch labeled SW 2. The switch SW 2 regulates the supply of power to the instrument 66, earlier identified as part of a composite sampler.
The movement of the cam 106 is followed by a cam follower 112, which controls a switch SW 3. As shown, the switch SW 3 controls the supply of electrical power to the solenoid 94.
FIG. 5 illustrates the open and closed conditions of the switches SW 1, SW 2 and SW 3 over a 90 minute period. It will be noted that at the beginning of the period illustrated (left side of FIG. 5), each of the switches is closed. Likewise, at the end of the period illustrated, each of the switches is again closed. For the remainder of each twenty-four hour day, the switches SW 1, SW 2 and SW 3 all remain closed; and, accordingly, the switches are open only during the limited time periods illustrated in FIG. 5.
For purposes of describing an operating cycle suitable for the present invention, a cycle may be considered to start at the time "0" on the time scale illustrated in FIG. 5. It will be noted, of course, that in the 10 minutes preceding time "0", each of the switches SW 1, SW 2 and SW 3 was in its closed state. At time "0", the cam 102 positioned the cam follower 108 to open the switch SW 1. This interrupts the power to the pump 32. The pump thus is disabled for a brief period arbitrarily shown as 5 minutes. During this period water that had been previously pumped toward the instrument shelter 58 is permitted to backflow toward the pump 32 and into the stilling well 10 through the sieve 34. To enable this function, a poppet valve normally present in such pumps and which would enable pump de-energization without backflow was removed from the pump prior to installation of the pump in the stilling well. The pump 32 is thus a backwashable pump. The backwashing serves the twofold purpose of rinsing the pump impellers of accumulating debris and clearing the sieve 34 so that leaves and other debris that may have been drawn to the sieve 34 by operation of the pump are permitted to fall away. This minimizes the possibility that debris attracted to and retarded by the sieve might blind the sieve.
After the sieve 34 has been backwashed, the cam 102 advances to permit the switch SW 1 to close, whereupon the pump resumes operation.
As shown, the composite sampler may be permitted to continue operation as the sieve 34 is being backwashed. However, approximately 5 minutes after the pump 32 resumes operation, the composite sampler is disabled by operation of the cam 104, which now displaces the cam follower 110 to interrupt the supply of power to the composite sampler. The reason for interrupting the operation of the composite sampler is to isolate the samples taken thereby from a surge of biological poison which is about to follow.
Approximately five minutes after interrupting the operation of the composite sampler, the cam 106 reaches a position where its cam follower 112 interrupts the supply of power to the solenoid 94. When the circuit to the solenoid 94 opens, the armature 96 drops away from the anvil 98, permitting biological poison to flow through the tube 82 to reach approximately the downstream face of the intake 14. It is important to note that at this time, the pump 32 is operating, thus displacing water from inside the stilling well toward the instrument shelter. Except for the presence of the intake 14 and the connecting pipe 12, the water level in the stilling well would be expected to drop. However, the stilling well and the river always seek to maintain the same level; and, accordingly, water advanced by the pump toward the instrument shelter is promptly replaced by an inflow of river water through the pipe 12 to the stilling well. Since the pump 32 is in continuous operation, except for the limited interval during which the sieve 34 is backwashed, there is a substantially continuous inflow of water from the river through the pipe 12 and the intake 14, which function as a means to withdraw water from the river.
The pipe 12 enters the stilling well substantially opposite the sieve 34. Thus the continuous inflow of water from the pipe 12 and the continuous outflow of water through the sieve 34 will create a condition wherein the incoming river water is permitted to flow rather directly to the sieve 34, even though a substantial volume of relatively quiescent water may reside in the stilling well above the level of the pipe 12.
The solenoid 94 is de-energized for a period of only approximately five minutes, during which the hypochlorite solution flows down the tube 82 to reach the downstream end of the inlet 14. Since the pump 32 is operating continuously during this period and for a prolonged time thereafter, the action of the pump 32 will be to draw substantially all water to which the hypochlorite solution has been admixed toward the stilling well 10. Thus, due to the action of the pump 32, there will be a continuous migration of river water through the screen 16 toward the pipe 12 and little tendency of the hypochlorite solution to escape into the river.
Since the hypochlorite solution moves rather directly across the stilling well to the sieve 34, there is little opportunity for the hypochlorite solution to diffuse throughout the stilling well; and in practice it is found that within approximately one hour after the hypochlorite dose has been terminated by operation of the solenoid 94, the sodium hypochlorite solution is effectively purged from the system. This time will, of course, vary with the size of the system. The composite sampler operation is thus resumed approximately 50 minutes after the hypochlorite dose is terminated.
The periodic introduction of a biological poison to the entire monitoring system in the fashion taught by the present invention offers the advantage that during at least 23 hours of each day the water quality monitoring devices are permitted to monitor water in which the growth of biological slime has been stopped or at least markedly suppressed; and, therefore, the water seen by the monitoring devices is reasonably representative of the water actually flowing in the river.
A second advantage from the present invention has to do with the maintenance of the monitoring equipment. As well known to those skilled in the art, biological growth will tend to occur on all parts of the system. Thus a biological slime will tend to develop within the pipe 12, within the stilling well, and most importantly on the exposed surfaces of the monitoring equipment, including sensors. In the practice of the present invention, it was found that daily doses of the biological poison function effectively to eliminate slime development in the pipe 12, in the stilling well, and on the surfaces of the monitor and sensors. Prior to the present invention, it was necessary at periodic intervals, such as weekly intervals, to interrupt the monitoring operation so as to manually remove accumulated slime from the monitoring equipment and other portions of the ducts or pipes through which the water to be monitored passes so as to attempt to maintain a satisfactory operation of the system. With periodic doses of the biological poison to the entire monitoring system, however, it is found that no manual cleaning of the monitoring instrumentation or the ducts or pipes through which the water flows is required.
The present invention has been practiced in a monitoring installation having a cylindrical stilling well approximately 33 inches in diameter and approximately 6 feet in height. The stilling well was connected to an inlet horn submerged in river water by a 2 inch diameter galvanized pipe. A submersible pump having a discharge capacity of approximately 36 gallons per minute pumped the water reaching the stilling well to an instrument shelter through a hose having a 1 inch interior diameter. The chlorinator supply comprised a commercially available 10% free chlorine solution sold under the trade name "GEMCHLOR," which was stored in a 20 liter container. The twenty liter supply of the 10% free chlorine solution was connected to the submerged intake by means of polyethylene tubing having a 5/8 inch interior diameter. The timing of the solenoid actuated clamp permitted approximately 250 milliliters of the described chlorine solution to drain to the intake horn once per day.
It was found that this daily dose of the 10% free chlorine solution was effective to eliminate slime development throughout the entire monitoring system, thus throughout the pipe which conveys the river water to the stilling well, throughout the stilling well, throughout the instrument shelter and, in particular, on all surfaces of the sensor and sample devices.
Although the preferred embodiment of this invention has been described, it will be understood that various changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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