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A surface device with erosion control features consisting of uniform T-shaped elements made of various materials (wood, metals, plastics, composites, fiberglass, reinforced concrete etc.) that are secured in a relative position to each other forming a coffer dam erosion containment and loadbearing surface. The securing methods of stapling the T-shaped elements to wire mesh or fabric backing (wood elements) or using connecting cabling, wire, rope, chains, rods, ties, pins, etc. with the (metal, plastic, fiberglass and concrete T-shaped elements) in addition to reinforcing and containment provides a means of prefabbing mats or modules of desired sizes for handling, storage, transportation and application. These mats can be used in highway construction for: stabilizing soils under roadbeds, as highway shoulders, ditch linings and erosion control of embankments. The invention can be used to construct secondary roads, logging roads, nature trails, bike and golf cart paths. These mats have military and emergency disaster uses to build temporary roads, landing strips, parking ramps, repair bomb damaged surfaces or for any use requiring a stable surface. The device of larger and heavier sizes (concrete versions) can be used to build up and restore beach and dune areas lost by erosion from natural phenomena and provide protection to coastal structures, buildings, breakwaters, sea walls, channels, etc. from erosion caused by tides, wave actions, and the forces of storms and hurricanes.
1. A universally flexible fabricated ground stabilizing surface device for the compaction of soils so that load bearing traffic and load bearing uses can be effected and for erosion control or the like comprising:
a. plurality of uniform T-shaped building elements secured together forming a continous barrier and surface, said elements being of substantially the same size and configuration, the T-shaped elements arranged in a pattern wherein, except for the periphery of the fabricated device each element has a pair of adjacent elements wherein the T-shaped horizontal portion of an element extends perpendicular to the I or longitudinal portion of the adjacent T-shaped element at the longitudinal midpoint, and means flexibility retaining the building elements in their relative position forming coffer dams for soil retention and compaction.
2. A fabricated device as in claim 1, wherein the T-shaped elements are fabricated of uniform pieces of cut lumber.
3. A device as in claim 2, wherein the elements are treated with a preservative if the lumber is subject to rot.
4. A device as in claim 2, wherein the retaining means is a fabric material stapled to elements of lumber.
5. A device as in claim 2, wherein the retaining means is wire mesh or fencing.
6. A fabricated device as in claim 1, wherein the T-shaped elements are fabricated of plastics, fiberglass, or compsites of both.
7. A fabricated device as in claim 1, wherein the T shaped elements are fabricated of metal cast, extruded, or of two tubing sections welded at mid point of one section.
8. A fabricated device as in claim 1, where in the T-shaped elements are fabricated of reinforced concrete.
9. A device as in claim 6, wherein the retaining means are cables, wire or rope.
10. A device as in claim 7, wherein the retaining means are cables, wire or rods.
11. A device as in claim 8, wherein the T-shaped elements have connecting eyelets and holes to allow lifting and retention by cables or chains.
12. A device as in claim 8, wherein attachment devices are built into the T-shaped elements and are connected by pins, bolts etc.
13. A fabricated device as in claim 6, wherein the T-shaped elements of plastics or fiberglass become forms for the fabrication of T-shaped elements of concrete.
14. A fabricated device as in claim 1, wherein the T-shaped elements can be of various sizes, lengths, widths, depths, depending on the uses of the device.
15. A fabricated device as in claim 1, wherein the coffer dams formed by the placement of T-shaped elements can be filled with loose materials sand, soil, gravel, rock, etc. to afford compaction and additional stabilization.
16. A fabricated device as in claim 1, wherein the cofferdams formed by the T-shaped elements can be filled with highway bituminous asphalt and or asphalt rubber mixes that are techniques for using ground up wornout tires with liquid asphalt or other binders in place of gravel and sand in highway construction.
The present invention relates to a device to provide a stable load bearing surface in sand, wetlands, dunes, etc to stablize the surface thereof permitting vehicle, pedestrian, and pack animal travel where there are no existing roads, trails, or paths and for any other uses requiring a stabilized surface such as aircraft runways, parking ramps, taxiways, storage and supply/ ammo dumps etc. to be utilized during a military situation or in emergency conditions of natural disasters to restore roads, rebuild and stabilize washed out areas etc. Further the present invention by it's inherent design and application forms hollow coffer dams surrounded by rigid wall portions that capture and stabilize loose materials thereby controlling erosion in a vast number of situations and can be used in conjunction with known road construction practices.
It is known that it is very difficult for wheeled vehicles even four wheel drive vehicles and pedestrians to move in very loose sand or wet boggy areas. The reason is well understood. Where there is a surface condition such that the surface material lacks cohesion and cannot be compacted the surface is displaced whenever a weight or forces are introduced on that surface such as vehicle wheels that spin and slip displacing material preventing or hindering vehicle movement. It is also known that loose sand as on a seashore beach where the tidal changes saturate the sand the surface can withstand traffic. The wetness of the sand provides cohesion and most important compaction preventing displacement. In boggy areas or super saturated soils other means are required to prevent displacement (sinking) usually by introducing a fill material. This invention relates to a means of compacting and treating the surface areas of loose sand and soils where there is a relative high density of movement by vehicles or persons. Where those areas cannot be paved by standard methods because of time constraints or nonavailability or the standard paving materials bitumen, concrete, gravel, etc. the roads rut and become impassable. Trails and paths deteriorate, grassy areas and vegetation are destroyed. It is well known to use manufactured devices for erosion control. It is also known to use manufactured devices for surfacing materials. When a device designed for erosion control and is similarily designed to be used as a devise for a surface substitute for paved surface areas and visa versa then the device becomes doubly valuable.
The use of manufactured devices for erosion control such as revetments along river banks, ditches, and shorelines often with added or imported materials, rocks, gravel, fiberous plant growth, etc. to stabilize the base of supersaturated soils or unstable and loose sandy areas is well known. In addition the planting of vegetation for highway shoulders and embankments to provide a more permanent and certainly more natural and attractive stabilizing means is well known.
It is known that modern highway construction requires certain basic principles. One is that a solid non erosive base foundation be layed, stabilized and compacted before the final road surfacing layer of concrete or asphalt mix is applied. Another principle is that compacted stable shoulders are constructed along with the roadbed to prevent deterioration of the roadway edges from erosion beneath the edge surface causing failures and pot-holing. Also having stable non eroding shoulders for traffic safety is well understood.
In recent years there has been a great concern about beach erosion along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Federal, State, County, and City agencies are spending millions of dollars to refurbish the eroding beaches because their economy and commerce is greatly affected with the loss of income from recreational and tourist spending because of beach erosion. New laws have been introduced for beachfront and shoreline management. Engineers are trying to conceive ways of saving coastal structures of historic and economic value such as lighthouses, piers, hotels, beach homes, commercial buildings, and shoreline highways from shoreline erosion.
The natural phenomenon of the ever changing features of the barrier islands along the Atlantic Coast; shorelines disappearing and rebuilding with the tidal and wind action often exposing shipwreck remains that do not shift or move year after year indicates that there can be devices designed to stop or greatly hinder beach losses to erosion or in some way work with nature in restoring beach front property. In addition, over the last decade a series of severe hurricanes and storms on the Atlantic coast has revealed that existing methods to control erosion has not proved satisfactory. Recent studies indicate that seawalls as previously constructed in some instances actually have caused greater harm and have introduced more losses than the areas protected.
In addition to the devices mentioned hereinabove, particular devices which are known by the present inventor include devices such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 132,801 granted to Chinnock, Nov. 5, 1872 which illustrates a paving structure including a wooden frame structure into which cement is poured and cured resulting in an alternating concrete and wooden foot surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 649,323 granted to Litz, May 8, 1900, discloses a method of forming a stable wood mosaic by interweaving wires between notches in individual wooden flooring cubes.
U.S. Pat. No. 746,094 granted Dec. 8, 1903 to Judson, Discloses a floor or similar surface wherein the individual blocks are secured in a spaced side-by-side position by rigid rods which are smaller than the bores containing them such that the individual blocks are movable relative to each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,066,092 granted to Ellery Jul. 1, 1913 discloses a flexible mattress used as a revetment, fabricated of cable and rolls of brush held in place by weights and anchors, it is expected that the brush will root itself.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,454,292 granted to Pickett on Nov. 23, 1948 discloses a revetment mat comprising reinforced concrete slabs secured together by wire or cable permitting the device to be rolled up and transported to the particular location requiring the control.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,876,628 granted to Dixon, Jr. Mar. 10, 1959 discloses a revetment mat which has pocket areas to capture the loose surrounding soil, increasing stability and is fabricated such that it permits limited flexibility.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,875 granted to Soland, May 8, 1979 discloses a ground covering fabricated of adjoining plates secured together by intersecting cables of rods allowing limited flexibility.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,644,552 granted to Schaff, May 12, 1987 discloses an erosion control revetment fabricated of preformed blocks secured to cables or the like by interlocking sleeves permitting flexibility in one direction.
With the above noted prior art in mind it is an object of present invention to provide a device or devices for stabilizing a surface for load bearing traffic where the device is fabricated of scrap waste material of wood of the timber manufacturing industries (wood truss plants, housing developments, lumber mills etc.) thereby making the product inexpensive and of simple construction permitting unskilled labor and some automation. Further, by prefabricating the devices and stockpiling the devices as seperate elements or preassembling the elements with accompaning materials into storable and functional use sizes ready for easy transportation and application is highly desirable. The wood used for the devices or elements used should be decay resistant naturally by the species (redwood, cedar, etc.) or by treatment using by well established wood preserving processes i.e. Osmose K-33 etc.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a device for surface stabilization and erosion control using known manufacturing processes to cast, extrude, weld, form, or mold the device/elements of metals, plastics, fiberglass composites raw or recycled materials thereby affecting economy by mass production. As in the wooden versions above preassembly, stockpiling, and easy transportation and application is accomplished.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a device for surface stabilization and erosion control manufactured of precast reinforced concrete T-shaped elements (larger and heavier) that is manufactured, stockpiled and readied for easy transportation and application.
It is another object of the invention to use a broad range of sizes for the T-shaped elements of the devices depending on the functional uses thereof i.e. The device or devices can be applied with or without various supporting or connecting materials depending on the application. The T-shaped device/element sizes can vary from six to twelve inches in length and width (wood and formed plastic, cast, extruded metalic elements) used in a mat like surfacing for roads, highway shoulders, paths, nature trails, ramps, runway construction/military bomb damage repairs, parking areas, etc. to larger concrete T-shaped elements of four to ten feet in width and length, one to two feet in depth weighing hundreds/thousands of pounds each device/element. These concrete elements would be applied for shoreline and other marine uses for erosion control and the rebuilding of lost beach areas, the construction of jetties, breakwaters, seawalls, canals, fishing reefs, etc.
It is another object of the invention to use many methods of manufacturing the invention; such as using unskilled, handicapped, institutional personnel, prison inmates etc. to fabricate and assemble the simple wood version of the invention for the needs of State, County, and City highway departments to using the mass production methods of casting, extruding, welding, forming, and assembly in plants of the industries now manufacturing other products with materials herebefore mentioned. The normal commerce of marketing, selling, stockpiling, storing and shipment of the invention modules as called for by user agencies, military and civilian would apply.
In all aspects of the present invention are unique T-shaped elements. Each T-shaped element by its' inherent shape provides two bottom planes of surfaces one perpendicular or longitudinal to the other that equally bear on a flat planular surface. This characteristic provides a non tilting feature and a horizontal stability in two directions not inherent in elements that are linear or bar shaped. Further, when one T-shaped element is placed adjacent to another T-shaped element normally with the T portion perpendicular to the I portion of the other element at midpoint a coffer dam is formed that is square or in some designs rectangular in shape and having four vertical walls. With the addition of placing a plurality of elements adjacent to each other a plurality of coffer dams are introduced. The stability of the single element mentioned herein above is increased by the stability of the adjacent elements multi-fold. With the additional feature of adding fill materials into the voids of the coffer dams more than likely with the soils or sands of the surface the invention is applied on compaction is introduced for the uses stated herein. Note the placement of the elements alone without any retaining devices (fabric, mesh, cables, rods, chains, etc.) even without the addition of fill materials provides a superior stable surface that resists shifting but is flexible to follow the contours of the surface that it is applied to. Another embodiment of the T-shaped elements is that the total surface areas of the elements can be a very small area in proportion to the total area of the surface that the invention is applied upon. Likewise the total volume/weight of the T-shaped elements can be a small proportion to the total surface volume/ weight of the surface volume acted upon. This feature allows an economy of materials in the manufacturing of the invention.
In one aspect of the invention wherein the primary purpose of the invention is for road and other surfacing requirements the addition of retaining devices onto or within the T-shaped elements is desired. The retaining devices provide a means to manufacture mats of appropriate sizes for ease of handling, transporting, storing, and application. The retaining materials provide additional stability to the already demonstrated stability features of the T-shaped elements/devices mentioned herein.
a. One aspect of the invention would be the use of wood for T-shaped elements mentioned herein. Noting that wood is a renewable source of material plus the fact that surplus wood is readily available makes this aspect viable for surfacing dirt roads, logging trails, nature trails, sandy areas, parking lots, highway shoulders, lining drainage ditches, erosion control, etc. where cost considerations are important. This aspect of the invention would also be used in asphalt bituminous road construction. The combination of using the invention for the sub base to stabilize the roadbed and adding a second layer of the invention with the asphalt pour would produce a roadway of great strength less subject to pot-holes and wear from execessive temperature changes. The primary retaining devices used with wooden elements could be wire mesh, standard fencing, and fabric. The type of fabric used would be a type well known and used in asphalt highway construction (PETROMAT). The use of (PETROMAT) allows great surface loading. These retaining materials would be attached to the wooden elements by stapling the wire mesh fencing or the fabric to the wood elements which are temporarily placed on flat jigs. This method of manufacture lends itself to hiring unskilled labor or the use of handicapped and institutionalized personnel. When applied the mats or modules would be laid on the surface to be used with the attaching materials bottom side down. The exposed grid/cofferdam areas would then be filled with the adjacent soils or sands or could be filled with other brought-in materials, gravel, rock or the asphalt mix or recently developed asphalt rubber mix composed of ground up worn out tires used in the construction of asphalt highways.
b. Another aspect of the invention for surfacing would use high strength, light weight metals, plastic, fiberglass, or composites for the T-shaped elements and use retaining materials such as cabling, wire, rope and other synthetic materials. The use of these materials lends itself to standard manufacturing practices and processes. The retaining materials would join the T-shaped elements to each other in the desired relativity to each other by the cables, wires, flexible rods, ropes, etc. passing through holes and passageways situated in the elements and terminating at the edges of the mats or modules by end stops composed of washers, pins, nuts, weldments, or other suitable fastners. The retaining materials would be so assembled onto or within the elements to provide attachment, stability, flexibility and tensioning in two directions running perpendicular to each other. Some models of T-shaped elements could have filler material of foam, concrete or plastic composites.
Further, by prefabricating the devices and stockpiling the devices as separate mats or modules with accompanying materials into storageable and functional use sizes ready for easy transportation and application economy and time saving is achieved.
Primary uses for this form of the invention would be military/government needs. This invention would be used to repair bomb damaged runways, ramps, build roads, parking and storage areas, and for other surfacing needs encountered during natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes etc. Another use of the light weight high strength version of the invention would be to have traction mats of suitable sizes designed to be carried on military vehicles and heavy construction vehicles that are subject to off road operations and can get stuck or entrapped in sand and wet soils.
c. Another aspect of the invention would use reinforced concrete for the T-shaped elements. Concrete weighs approximately 150 lbs./cu. ft. This characteristic introduces a desirable embodiment in that weight adds to a greater stability of the invention. The concrete T-shaped elements like the other elements mentioned herein would have a means of applying attaching materials and or including attachment devices built into the elements i.e. holes and passageways for cables, chains, rods, etc. These holes, and attachment devices also serve as lifting points to allow cranes to place the elements (weighing over 1000+ lbs./per element) in some applications. This version of the invention would be used for erosion control on beach and sand dunes subject to tidal, wind, and storm damage. This invention would be used to build sloped sea walls, breakwaters, jetties, ramps, quays, fishing reefs, line channels and other marine and shoreline uses.
One marine aspect of the invention would be to stratigically place engineered and appropriately designed modules of the invention off shorelines to trap and hold sand/seashells/kelp sea vegetation etc. to build new reefs that would extend or widen existing beaches. The tidal changes, wind actions, and underwater currents would be factors to consider in this application of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the wood element version of the present invention in the ground surfacing embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention with metal, plastic, fiberglass or composite elements in the ground surfacing embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a view of a single wooden T-shaped element constructed by notching and gluing two pieces of precut stock lumber; 2�4's etc.
FIG. 4 is a view of a single wooden T-shaped element constructed by nailing two pieces of precut stock lumber; 2�4's-2�6's etc.
FIG. 5 is a partial view of single wooden T-shaped element constructed by gluing and dowling two pieces of precut stock lumber.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the T-shaped elements lain out in grid form awaiting the application of attaching elements.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a T-shaped element that can be constructed of cast metal, or of formed plastic, fiberglass, and composites.
FIG. 8 is an elevation view of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a T-shaped element constructed by welding two precut pieces of metal tubing of either square or rectangular extrusions and the welding of end pieces when applicable.
FIG. 10 is plan view of the present invention with the wooden T-shaped elements laid out in the reverse of the preferred embodiment (the manufacturing assembly layout, method) to show the three methods and materials of attachment.
FIG. 11 is an elevation of the present invention with wooden T-shaped elements in the preferred embodiment for ground surfacing and erosion uses.
FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view of a roadway or highway showing the various embodiments and applications of the present invention from subbase erosion control uses to final pavement and shoulder applications.
FIG. 13 shows an application of the present invention for military uses; to construct runways and taxiways, and repair bomb damaged areas.
FIG. 14 shows an application of the present invention for military or civil uses to construct parking areas, ramps, roads, sidewalks, etc. temporary or permanent.
FIG. 15 shows an application of the present invention specifically designed for off road vehicle emergency uses both military and non-military.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the present invention wherein the T-shaped elements are constructed of reinforced concrete.
FIG. 17 is a cross section view of a sea wall or a jetty designed to withstand forces of tides, wind, and storms that is constructed with modules of the present invention using reinforced concrete T-shaped elements and concrete pilings.
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a T-shaped element constructed of reinforced concrete.
FIG. 19 are three views of the attaching and lifting devices that are options in the construction of the T-shaped concrete elements.
FIG. 20 are two plan views of the present invention showing placement of the concrete T-shaped elements in relation to each other.
FIG. 21 is a cross section view of sea shore structures and the application of the present invention in the embodiments of erosion control to offset the effects of high tides, wind, storms, hurricanes and washback scouring.
FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view of a canal or waterway subject to severe erosion and the application of the present invention (concrete T-shaped elements) to control bank erosion and maintain waterway commerce.
FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view of the effects of beach and seashore erosion showing loss of beach areas and the eventual destruction of structures if beach erosion is not stopped.
FIG. 24 is the same cross sectional view of FIG. 23 showing how the present invention in one embodiment prevents further erosion and in other embodiments restores lost beach areas and even builds new beach areas.
A ground surfacing and erosion control device 1 is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 comprising a surfacing mat or modules formed from a plurality of wooden T-shaped elements 2A or of metal, plastic, fiberglass, composite T-shaped elements 2B and 2C which are interconnected by various attaching materials. One method of attachment would use a nonwoven polypropylene fabric 3 that is attached to the bottom 6 of the wood T-shaped elements 2A by staples 7 as seen in FIG. 10 & FIG. 11. Other methods of attachment would use utility fencing of welded wire 4, and wire screen mesh 5 attached to the wood elements 2A by staples 7. FIG. 2 shows a method to attach the metal, plastic, fiberglass, composite T-shaped elements 2B and 2C by using cables, rods, wire or rope 8 passing thru predrilled holes 9. The ends of the attaching materials 8 would be secured by clamps, washers, and or welding 10 or knots on rope to retain the T-shaped elements 2B and 2C in the desired relative positions. FIGS. 3, 4, and FIG. 5 show how wooden T-shaped elements 2A can be constructed of precut pieces of lumber 11 using notching and gluing FIG. 3, using nails 12, FIG. 4 or the use of dowls 13 and glue FIG. 5, or any combination of joining the wood pieces 11 to form T-shaped elements 2A. The wood pieces 11 used for the T-shaped elements 2A, would normally be rot resistant by either the species used or made rot and decay resistant by chemical pressure treatment. The sizes of the T-shaped elements 2A, 2B, and 2C would depend on the embodiment desired. For example, for making roadbeds FIG. 12 the wood T-shaped elements 2A, could be from 6 to 12 inches in each dimension using stock 2�4 lumber. Larger sizes of wood T-shaped elements 2A would be used for embodiments such as sand dunes and embankments and for erosion control of saturated soils 20 i.e. 2�6" lumber 18" to 36" in each dimension.
FIG. 6 demonstrates the desired position of each T-shaped element 2A to each other in the preferred embodiment. The T portion of one element 2A meets the I portion of the adjacent element 2A at approximately midpoint forming a coffer dam 14 having four vertical surfaces 14a, 14b, 14c, and 14d. Two coffer dams 14 are shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are views of a T-shaped element 2B that can be cast of metal, formed or mouled of plastic, fiberglass or composites of the above and having holes 9 so located on the sides and the ends of the T-shaped 2B elements to allow passage and retention of the attaching interconnecting cables, rods, wire and or rope 8. The open face 2-o of the T-shaped element 2B would allow a filler material 2-f of foam plastic, solid plastic, concrete etc. to be added to the element 2B that would add regidity and strengthen the surfacing if so desired. The mats or modules of the present invention FIG. 2 would provide a stable load bearing surface that is still flexible enough for ground contours and sloping grades.
FIG. 9 is a view of a T-shaped element 2C constructed by welding 17 two precut metal extrusions 15; one extrusion 15 is welded 17 at the midpoint of the second extrusion 15. Holes 9 for the attaching and securing elements 8 would be drilled or cast prior to welding 17. End plates 16 with holes 9 would be welded 17 to the extruded ends of all the T-shaped elements 2C that make up the bordering or the four sides of a mat or module to allow securing of the attaching cables, rods, wire, rope etc. 8 by clamps, washers, welds and knots 10 respectively.
The present invention 1 as shown in FIG. 12 can be used in various embodiments of roadway construction. In one embodiment the present invention 1 is used as an erosion control device to stabilize wet saturated soils 20 that must carry the loads of the roadbed to be constructed. In another embodiment the present invention 1 is laid directly on the ground surface 18 to form a roadway 22 or highway shoulder 23. Fill material 24 is placed in the coffer dams 14 of the invention such as soil, sand, or gravel. In addition to constructing and stabilizing dirt roads and highway shoulders 22, 23, this embodiment of the present invention would be used to construct golf cart paths, bike paths, nature trails, parking lots, sidewalks, campgrounds, etc. for commercial and public uses such as State and National Parks. Vegetation 24A can add to the stability and longivity of the surface by seeding the soil filled cofferdams with appropriate grass seeding or transplanted grass plugs or sprigs. Another embodiment of the present invention 1 would be to line ditches and drainage areas 25. Another embodiment would be the placement of the present invention 1 on a prepared subbase 19 for an asphalt roadway to use the invention 1 as an intergraded part of the asphalt roadbed. The hot asphalt or asphalt/rubber mix 26 would be applied in appropriate thickness, filling the cofferdam 14 voids forming a strong durable roadway 22. The sizes and choice of the T-shaped elements 2A, 2B, & 2C would vary according to functional uses. The wooden element 2A version of the present invention 1 would probably be more cost effective for the above embodiments of standard roadway construction and public uses such as National and State Parks.
Referring to FIGS. 13, 14 & 15 the present invention in this embodiment is shown as transportable sizes of ground surfacing mats 1 being used for military uses and emergency disaster applications. This embodiment with plastic, fiberglass, composite, or metal T-shaped elements 2B, 2C, would be used to build temporary and damaged runways 28, and taxiways 29, to build, storage and parking areas 30 to build temporary or permanent roadways 23, etc. A specialized light weight high strength version of the present invention 31 can be made to be carried on and applied for emergency uses with vehicles FIG. 15. In all of the above embodiments the T-shaped elements 2B, 2C would be manufactured for specific uses and load bearing capacity of and of appropriate materials such as high strength light weight metals, plastics or composites for easy transportation and storage. Some models of the present invention 1 designed for runway 28, 29 uses may differ in the size of the elements and differ in materials from other models of the invention 1. For example the storage 30 or roadway 22 uses may be of different sizes and materials than the runway 28 uses but the design principles are the same. The invention 1 has been described above in conjunction with specific embodiments for ground surfacing uses that enhances traffic for both vehicular and pedestrian uses.
FIG. 16 depicts another embodiment of the present invention that use T-shaped reinforced concrete elements 2D and attaching and connecting cables 8, to construct a device 32 or devices 32 for the primary purpose of preventing beach erosion and provide protection from hurricanes, high tides, and wind storms. This embodiment of the present invention 1 as a device 32 or plurality of devices 32 would be applied in the construction of new sea walls, jetties, breakwaters, fishing reefs, repairs of the foregoing and the other marine applications requiring erosion control features. FIG. 17 show a cross-section of the devices 32 applied to construct a sea wall, breakwater, dam or jetty 33. Concrete T-shaped elements 2D are arranged to form a foundation or base device 32 and additional elements 2D are stacked on in layers forming additional devices 32 to achieve the desired structure 33. Attaching cables 8 are either strung through precast holes 9 and/ or attached to unused connecting elements 36, 37, & 38. Shown are the use of pilings 35 and the application of rock 34 to fill the cofferdams 14. FIG. 18 is a view of the T-shaped reinforced concrete element 2D and FIG. 19 are views of the connecting and lifting elements of cast in pre drilled metal plates 37 welded to the reinforcing bars 36 of the concrete elements 2D and metal eyelets 38 welded to the reinforcing bars within the T-shaped elements 2D. Also the reinforcing bars of the T-shaped elements 2D of corrison resistant metals can be looped and also become connecting elements 36 by extending the loops beyond the concrete form during manufacture. FIG. 20 shows two layout patterns of how the T-shaped elements 2D can be arranged and also shows rectangular and square cofferdams 14 with cubical areas or voids that are filled with rock 34 or rip-rap. Also shown are cable 8 attachment features if the need is warranted. Also shown is where one T-shaped element 2D is attached to an adjacent T-shaped element 2D. The attaching elements 36, 37, or 38 of an end section are aligned to the midsection attaching elements 36, 37, or 38 to allow insertion of a pin 39 and key or bolt lock 40. Note that the weight of the concrete T-shaped elements, the design feature of the T arm meeting the I arm at midpoint which forms a grid pattern of elements and cofferdams that are not able to shift position when a plurality of T-shaped elements 2D are employed. This feature alone provides for a highly stable method for erosion control even without the connecting/attaching elements 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, or connecting cables 8 or chains attached that makes up an erosion control devices 32, 33.
FIG. 21 depicts the uses of the present invention 1 using mat like devices 32 on an ocean front beach area 44. Normally beach front structures, buildings 42, fishing piers, etc. are built on pilings 43 to allow passage of water from tidal surges and large waves 45 resulting from storms and hurricanes. Some oceanfront beach areas 44 have standard vertically constructed sea walls 41 in front of the buildings to prevent erosion and loss of beach areas 44 caused by the washback or scouring of returning wave action 46. Studies of recent hurricanes (Hurricane Hugo 1989) have indicated that engineered structures 42 when built on pilings 43 have and can withstand the forces encountered. However there has been substantial loss of beach areas 44 from scouring returning wave action 46 with the inadequacies of sea walls 41 as presently constructed. The present invention I used as erosion control devices 32 are layed on a sand embankment (renourished area) 47 in front of the sea wall 41 and buried at an angle behind the seawall 41. Also the areas 44 under the buildings 42 between the pilings 43 have devices 32 buried at angles and on or near the surface to prevent scouring. These devices 32 additionally can provide a base foundation for a concrete or asphalt parking space under the building 42.
FIG. 22 depicts the use of the present invention 1 in constructing and installing erosion control devices 32 to line ship canals and channels where the embankment areas are subject to heavy erosion because of poorly stabilized embankment soils (sand, mud, etc.) or the erosion caused by wake and waves from sea going traffic. Large concrete T-shaped elements 2D or mat like devices 32 are lowered into position by land based cranes 48 or placed by cranes and equipment on vessels 49 designed for such work. Appropriate attaching devices 36, 37, 38, 39, & 40 are installed, cabling 8 and clamping devices 10 added if required and rock 34 rip-rap is used to fill the cofferdams 14.
FIG. 23 depicts a cross-section of an ocean front beach area 44 that has been subject to heavy beach erosion. A structure 42 (light house with foundation) that was constructed many years ago is subject to destruction from continuing erosion. The original beach elevation is depicted by the dotted line 50 and the hashed area 51 depicts the volume of sand or soil lost to erosion by heavy wave 45 action over the years. The solid line 52 depicts the present beach elevation and the area and volume 47A that will continue to erode and eventually will topple or destroy the structure 42 (lighthouse).
FIG. 24 depicts the erosion control steps and the application of the present invention 1; first to stop erosion and then to rebuild, refurbish the beach area 44 to its' former status 50 and to prevent further erosion. The first step would be the application of the present invention 1 by laying devices 32 on the present shoreline 51 area in front of the structure 42 and extending the devices 32 below the mean water level to the natural bottom. The next step would be to reduce wave action 45 by placing a breakwater 33 off shore composed of stacked devices 32 of the present invention 1. The T-shaped concrete elements 2D would be sized and engineered to withstand the forces expected. This would reduce the forces and size of waves 45A acting on the shoreline. The beach areas 44 would then be refurbished by hauling in fill 47 or by natural renourishment 47 from wave and tidal action. After a renewal of some magnitude another layering of the present invention 1 with devices 32 would take place followed by more refurbishing 47 or renourishment 47 and another layering and application of the present invention 1 and device 32 application until the desired beach front elevation 50 is achieved. The final action for beach restoration would be the planting of native grasses, sea oats etc. on the top layer of devices 32 that have sand filled cofferdams 14.
Where new beach areas are desired (for example extending a barrier island) the above principles using appropriate versions of the present invention would apply.
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|Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc.
26 Landsdowne Street
Cambridge, MA 02139
United States - Map
Phone: 617-494-0400
Fax: 617-494-8144
Website: http://www.ariad.com
ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an oncology company, is engaged in the discovery, development, and commercialization of medicines for cancer patients. It offers Iclusig (ponatinib), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the United States and Europe. The company is also developing Iclusig for other blood cancers and solid tumors, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, acute myeloid leukemia, and certain forms of non-small cell lung cancer; and various investigator-sponsored trials in indications, including first line and second line CML, acute myeloid leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, and medullary thyroid cancer. In addition, its product pipeline consists of AP26113, an investigational inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase for treating advanced solid tumors comprising non-small cell lung cancer; and Ridaforolimus, an investigational mTOR inhibitor for various types of cancers. The company sells and markets Iclusig through specialty pharmacies and specialty distributors in the United States. It has collaboration and license agreement with Merck & Co., Inc. for the development, manufacture, and commercialization of ridaforolimus for use in cancer; and license agreements with Medinol Ltd. and ICON Medical Corp. to develop and commercialize stents and other medical devices to deliver ridaforolimus. ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was founded in 1991 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.


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Mumbai, July 9 (IANS) After finishing all her assignments here, Bollywood actress Shilpa Shetty is off to London for a month's break.
Friday, July 09, 2010 2:31:43 PM
Mumbai, July 9 (IANS) Amitabh Bachchan, who is set to host 'Kaun Banega Crorepati' (KBC) for the third time, refuses to take credit for turning the game show into a phenomenon when it was launched in 2000 with him as the host.
Friday, July 09, 2010 1:46:11 PM
Mumbai, July 9 (IANS) Indian origin actress Sarita Choudhury, best known for her roles in 'Kama Sutra: A Tale Of Love' and 'Mississippi Masala', will be seen on Indian screens again, this time in an emotional drama titled 'For Real'.
Friday, July 09, 2010 8:48:04 AM
Mumbai, July 9 (IANS) Filmmaker Anurag Kashyap, who has churned out intense films like 'Black Friday', 'Dev D' and 'Gulaal', says he would love to make a comedy like 'Munnabhai MBBS'.
Friday, July 09, 2010 7:37:00 AM
Mumbai, July 8 (IANS) Prakash Jha has grabbed his own catchphrase from 'Raajneeti' and registered the title 'Karaara' for one of his future projects. He says he will use it in various permutations and combinations.
Thursday, July 08, 2010 7:45:52 PM
New Delhi, July 8 (IANS) It's time to grab your popcorn, lie down on the couch and watch the three seasons of popular comedy serial 'Zabaan Sambhal Ke' (ZSK) on DVD's and VCD's with your family members.
Thursday, July 08, 2010 6:08:01 PM
New Delhi, July 8 (IANS) Abhishek Bachchan's 'Raavan' may have failed to rock the box office, but the actor has managed to make his mark on the small screen by winning best anchor award for hosting a game show for Colors.
Thursday, July 08, 2010 5:25:07 PM
Mumbai, July 8 (IANS) Debutant director Abhishek Sharma's forthcoming film 'Tere Bin Laden', a tongue-in-cheek satirical take off on Al Qaida leader Osama bin Laden, is releasing July 16, but it won't be screened in the US right now.
Thursday, July 08, 2010 4:53:56 PM
New Delhi, July 8 (IANS) His mother and sister are established fashion designers, but Rahil Tandon, son of Reynu Taandon, is out to prove himself as an actor. He has made his debut with a tele-feature film produced by superstar Shah Rukh Khan, no less.
Thursday, July 08, 2010 11:52:30 AM
Mumbai, July 8 (IANS) 'Udaan' doesn't boast of big stars and still got selected for the prestigious Cannes Film Festival. But it wasn't all rosy for debutant director Vikramaditya Motwane, who says he had to wait for over five years to get a producer.
Thursday, July 08, 2010 11:16:28 AM
Mumbai, June 8 (IANS) Amit Trivedi, the music composer for 'Aisha', says neither producer Rhea Kapoor nor director Rajshree Ojha curbed his creative freedom even though they were involved minutely with the soundtrack.
Thursday, July 08, 2010 8:57:49 AM
Mumbai, July 8 (IANS) Gulshan Grover plays a police officer in 'Red Alert:
Thursday, July 08, 2010 8:25:13 AM
Mumbai, July 7 (IANS) Former model Viveka Babajee's family has been handed over the keys of her rented house where she had committed suicide June 25, her family's representative said Wednesday.
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 11:43:33 PM
Mumbai, July 7 (IANS) Romantic comedy 'I Hate Luv Storys' has collected approximately Rs.21.5 crore in the domestic circuit in the first three days of its release and hero Imran Khan says he is surprised by the 'grand opening' it has got.
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 11:06:01 PM
London, July 7 (IANS) Cristiano Ronaldo's girlfriend seems unfazed by the stir created by the news of the Portuguese footballer becoming a father, as the couple was spotted enjoying a night out together.
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 10:01:26 PM
New Delhi, July 7 (IANS) Bollywood filmmaker Vidhu Vinod Chopra is leaving no stone unturned to give his ambitious English film project 'Broken Horses' an international feel, as he has roped in Barrie Osborne as the executive producer.
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 10:01:00 PM
New Delhi, July 7 (IANS) Bollywood actress Bipasha Basu has launched her own line of fitness clothing named 'BBloveyourself' along with Reebok.
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 9:28:20 PM
New Delhi, July 7 (IANS) Bollywood actor Yashpal Sharma has been mostly seen playing negative characters in films, but hopes to break the mould with his small screen debut by portraying his emotional side.
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 8:52:33 PM
New Delhi, July 7 (IANS) One wonders if Aamir Khan's rivalry with Shah Rukh Khan has so far kept him away from following him on Twitter, but the 'Lagaan' actor says he would love to track Shah Rukh's posts on the micro-blogging site.
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 8:52:28 PM
Mumbai, July 7 (IANS) 'Sure, confident, lock kiya jaaye?' These words in Amitabh Bachchan's resounding voice will be heard on TV once again with the megastar all set to return with the fourth season of the popular game show 'Kaun Banega Crorepati' (KBC).
Wednesday, July 07, 2010 7:16:16 PM
Bollywood Hot N' Happening Articles Index
Cute and bubbly Debina Bonnerjee Choudhary speaks about her first ... 5
Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke fame Roopal Tyagu shares her expereince of ... 1
Kriti Sanon will be playing a Delhi girl in the film opposite Shahid Kapoor 4
Rajkumar Hirani is the only director to hold a record of only ...


text:
Forrest Fenn is writing poetry again. I'd love to watch over his shoulder and see him at work. Is it a messy process with lots of words crossed out? 167 more words
Tags » Forrest Fenn
Riddle Me This
Is the poem a riddle? Not a classic Who am I or What am I, but Where am I?
In which case, the first stanza would say something like I, the chest, went in there empty and then I went in there filled. 123 more words


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No matter who you are or where you are on life's journey,
you are welcome here -- at First Church Guilford.
Bulletin, 11/23/2014
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23 November 2014 -- 8:30 & 10:00 a.m.
*Please rise in body or in spirit.
PRELUDE: Chorale Preludes on Thanksgiving Hymns -- Manz, Bach, Pachelbel
INTROIT: Jeremiah 29: 11 - 14 -- speech chant, Junior Choir
One: It is harvest time! God is gathering us in!
Many: Let us share all of our good gifts with God!
One: God has planted seeds in us and now the time is ripe;
Many: Let us celebrate and rejoice in what God is doing in us!
God has plans for us, plans for a future with hope.
One: Let us rejoice in God's reaping at harvest time.
Many: Let us share our gifts and our gratitude for the glory of God!
Sat., Nov. 22, 7:30pm: Laura Clapp in Concert
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- Parent Category: Programs and Ministries
Come hear Connecticut native Laura Clapp sing music from some of her 5 albums. Whether touring America, or onstage in Japan, Europe and Australia, Laura has captured audiences with her unique sound: it's definitely rock with some blues and hints of folk and a touch of country. 110 Broad Street, Guilford.
Freewill offering requested.
For more information visit lauraclapp.com or call the church 203-458-9701.
It's a PF Christmas!
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- Parent Category: Programs and Ministries
PF Events and Fundraisers in the Christmas season:
Advent 2014
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Sunday, Nov. 30: First Sunday in Advent
8:30 and 10:00am Communion- Rev. Bodden preaching
Nursery care & Church School at 10am.
11:15am Coffee Hour &Harvest Mini-Fair in Fellowship Hall
New Director of Children & Family Ministries
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- Parent Category: News
It is with great pleasure and enthusiasm that we share the news that the Church Council has approved a new Director of Children and Family Ministries.
Our new Director's name is Rebecca (Becky) Stambaugh. Becky was the unanimous choice of the Search Committee because she possessed the qualifications, experience, and priorities outlined in the position description and articulated through the CE survey.
Becky currently resides in Hollywood, California where she has served as the Children's Ministry Coordinator at the Hollywood United Methodist Church for the past 6 and a half years. Becky holds a B.S. in English Education and a M.S. in Christian Counseling. Prior to Becky taking her current position she was a public school teacher for 7 years.
Becky and her husband are excited about the prospect of moving back to the East Coast, where they have family. Becky and her husband will move to the East Coast in November and her official start date will be January 1, 2015.
The Staff and CE Board will be meeting with Becky prior to her official start date and will offer opportunities for you to meet and get to know Becky as well.
Please read a greeting from Becky:
Hello Guilford! I am so honored and excited to join you as your Director of Children and Family Ministries. I come to you from New Jersey or 'God's Country' as Sarah says, via Hollywood, California where I have served in a similar capacity for the last six and a half years. My ministry career began as a volunteer, with leading teenagers at Christian camps and in my local youth group. After college and during grad school, where I received degrees in English Education and Christian Counseling respectively, I worked in the NJ public school system teaching both middle and high school students until my husband and I relocated out west for his ministry work. It's been my joy to create, lead and grow the children and family ministries in Hollywood, and I look forward to starting the New Year in Guilford...thank you for inviting me to join your team and share my passion for ministry with you all. See you soon!
Becky Stambaugh
We are (still) First Church!
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- Parent Category: News
The annual "We are First Church" booklet is now available for 2014-2015. It has been distributed by email to most members, and it is still available in hard copy to those who request it. Read the document on-line also, click here (pdf).


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Join us Dec 4 @ 1:30pm ET for an live #STEM event with meteorologist Maura Hahnenberger - she forecasts dust storms! http://t.co/2E2L7hUcSh
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After landing
Parked on the ramp after arrival earlier that day, nice to catch this aircraft during our short visit to MST [1200 pix]
Some smoke before takeoff. Short stop to a cargo delivery in Salvador.
Flight CVK7011 EHBK-GVAC-SBRF-SBPA-EGYP. Second time that Porto Alegre is visited by a very rare AN-74.
Very unusual visitor to SBPA.
Rare visitor.


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217 results for "cliff lee"
Moneyball, before Moneyball was coolAlex Kaufman
One of the best-kept secrets in Cleveland sports is not who the Cavs will take with the first pick in the NBA draft, or who the Browns' starting quarterback will be come fall. Rather, it is a computer program you've probably never heard of. But for y...Blog | June 07, 2014
Morning Briefing: Check-in, now checkupAdam Rubin
PORT ST. LUCIE, Fla. Adam RubinChris Young arrives at Mets camp Saturday for the first time. FIRST PITCH: Mets pitchers and catchers take physicals on Sunday. They then engage in the first official workout of spring training on Monday m...Blog | February 16, 2014
MLB -- Offseason winners and losersJayson Stark
Jayson Stark picks the winners and losers of the offseason to date, considering the winter meetings couldn't match the activity from the previous week.Story | Conversation | December 12, 2013
Philadelphia Phillies, ex-Cleveland Indians' Roberto Hernandez ag...
The Philadelphia Phillies kept their aces and added another starter.Story | Conversation | December 12, 2013
Series preview: Mets vs. PhilliesAdam Rubin
USA TODAY SportsRyne Sandberg has replaced Charlie Manuel as Phillies manager.METS (58-70, third place/NL East) vs. PHILADELPHIA PHILLIES (59-71, third place/NL East) Monday: RHP Zack Wheeler (6-2, 3.49) vs. LHP Cliff Lee (10-6, 3.16), 7:10 p.m. E...Blog | August 25, 2013
Best deadline deal ever: IndiansStephanie Liscio
Throughout July, we're going to present 30 deals in 30 days: the best trade deadline deal ever made by each team. We've covered the AL East and NL East so far and are now on the AL Central. THE TEAM: Cleveland Indians THE YEAR: 2002 THE SITU...Blog | July 12, 2013
Cliff Lee says Philadelphia Phillies need to have 'more pride'
Cliff Lee said that the Philadelphia Phillies need to have "a little more pride" following their second straight lopsided loss to the Cleveland Indians.Story | Conversation | May 02, 2013
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Phillies-Indians PreviewPreview | April 30, 2013
Carlos Carrasco of Cleveland Indians suspended eight games
Another dangerous pitch has Carlos Carrasco in trouble again.Story | Conversation | April 12, 2013
Thoughts: Hey, Blue Jays aren't awful!David Schoenfield
Quick thoughts on Thursday's action ... One of the fun things about opening week is overreacting to just a few game results. Hey, we all do it. So when the Toronto Blue Jays lost their first two games and then saw the Cleveland Indians score thre...Blog | April 04, 2013
Cole Hamels of Philadelphia Phillies calls first Opening Day nod ...
That scruffy beard Cole Hamels has been sporting this spring training will be gone by the time the Philadelphia Phillies open the regular season.Story | Conversation | March 16, 2013
Recapping Tuesday's MLB trades
It was a busy day as the trade deadline brought a lot of change for a few teams looking to make a playoff push. Here is a look at the major-league impact of Tuesday's trades. All stats are entering Tuesday. RYAN DEMPSTER The Texas Rangers acquir...Blog | August 01, 2012
Angels, Rangers, Tigers and others still trying to reach Red Sox ...Howard Bryant
For a decade and a half, the Yankees and the Red Sox have been in a club by themselves. But the Tigers, the Rangers and the Angels are knocking on the door to superpower status.Story | Conversation | April 04, 2012
2012 predictions you couldn't predict?You Can't Predict Baseball
Last year, You Can't Predict Baseball came up with bold predictions for the year. We had a lot of fun coming up with them, and then laughing at how hilariously wrong they were at the end of the year. This year, we're bringing these predictions to Swe...Blog | February 18, 2012
Sources: Cleveland Indians, Grady Sizemore on verge of deal
The Cleveland Indians have stepped up their efforts to sign outfielder Grady Sizemore, less than three weeks after declining a $9 million option and allowing him to become a free agent.Story | Conversation | November 18, 2011
Mike Maddux takes name off Boston Red Sox manager list
Texas Rangers pitching coach Mike Maddux won't be the Boston Red Sox manager.Story | Conversation | November 07, 2011


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Malvin.tv - Malvin | Peliculas Online Estrenos 2014 - Gratis
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Peliculas en Vk Online
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Bid on incredible items in the Silent & Live Auctions with thanks to our many Aquarium supporters!
To view this year's incredible lineup of Live and Silent Auction items, please click here. We look forward to seeing you at Sea Fare!
Fantastic energy – Great music – Fun prizes and silent auction items – Wonderful food – Such a great event … can't wait until next time!


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Zergnet: Simply Irresistible
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Aspiring Model Loved Nude LOVE Covers
Aspiring model Taryn Andreatta's attempt to recreate LOVE's recent nude covers. We're a little perplexed by the Pocahontas hair, but whoa that's a hell of a body. [LOVE] Keep reading »
Quickies: Gabby Sidibe "Too Big" For Vogue & Sean Combs Is Getting A Toilet Full Of Vodka
- Anna Wintour will not allow Gabby Sidibe to appear on the vaunted pages of Vogue because of her size. [PopEater]
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- MTV is canceling "The Hills!" [Access Hollywood]
- New York City might be giving the pink slip to a huge amount of its teachers due to budget issues. They're looking to fire 8,500 English, math, science, and social studies teachers in order to save money. [Gothamist]
Forever 21 Joins The Collaboration Game
Forever 21 is already taking over with their affordable fashion and forays into beauty and home design, but now they've decided it's time to bring a bit of designer experience into their stores. In an effort to match their fellow fast fashion brands like H&M and Urban Outfitters, Forever 21 signed a deal with designer Brian Lichtenberg to create graphic T-shirts. Now, we'll reserve our comments about graphic T-shirts as a whole (ahem, Ed Hardy) until we see them, because Brian does in fact have celeb credibility. Interestingly enough, the brand decided to give Brian creative control over the same clothing item as the celebrities who design t-shirts for Forever 21. Now, will we see designers like Karl Lagerfeld and John Galliano sign up to create their own F21 collabs? [WWD] Keep reading »
Chloe Sevigny Plays Alice In Wonderland
Are you getting sick of the flood of "Alice in Wonderland"-inspired everything? We're on the verge, but this Russian Harper's Bazaar photo with two Chloë Sevignys donning teacups on their heads is pretty neat. [Fashion Gone Rogue] Keep reading »


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The NDAA technically is not unconstitutionalSubmitted by jpadgett2006 on Sat, 05/05/2012 - 09:27
First you must understand there is a difference between People of the United States and Citizens of the United States.
The People of the United States created the United States of America with the Constitution, therefor the United States of America is subject to the jurisdiction of the People of the United States. The United States of America created Citizens of the United States with the 14th amendment. The 14th amendment even stipulates that in order to be a Citizen of the United States the citizen must be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of America. This is not my interpretation, this interpretation comes from the book 'http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/index.html see Senate Document 103-6 and 108-17 p. 1006, 1007, footnote 37. This is the interpretation of the U.S. Senate.
The 14th amendment uses the wording 'privileges' instead of rights. Let there be no question that Citizens of the United States have no rights but only those privileges that the United States of America affords them. The 14th amendment specifically protects those privileges of life, liberty, and property of being violated without due process of law by the several states. There is no mention of any privileges being protect from the United States of America. The federal government is implicitly allowed to deprive Citizens of the United States of life, liberty, and property without due process of law.
Although, to identify someone as a Citizen of the United States is an accusation by itself. While the NDAA's provisions of indefinite detention of Citizens of the United States is not unconstitutional, the statute is unenforceable unless the person contractually agrees to be a citizen in the instance this statute is to be enforced. You would have to agree to be abducted voluntarily or unwittingly. Otherwise the execution of this statute would be a violation of the 5th amendment, which pertains to rights and guarantees the protection of life, liberty, and property exempted by due process of law to the People of the United States.
So please people stop calling yourselves citizens. Your ignorance dooms us all.
- Login to post comments
American firearms says we are sovereign.
Anytime you want to bring over a piece of paper that says the opposite, I'll be glad to eat some lima beans and put it to good use.
Patriot Cell #345,168
I don't respond to emails or pm's.
Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution, inevitable.
*banging my head against the monitor*
Technically, I know you have a point, but these things baffle me--
it's hard to be awake; it's easier to dream--
There is a constitution of the United States of America and a constitution FOR the united states of Ameria. The constitution OF is the one the presidents now swear to uphold and it's for the Corporation of the United States. The constitution FOR is the original constitution and the one that puts "we the people" above everything else (other than our creator)
That is incorrect.
The original Constitution FOR the United States of America was the original trust indenture that was setup by the delegations sent to the convention through the electoral college. The original document had no effect other than being charged at that event, it did not have any authority charged by the States.
Once the electoral college completed their task the document was sent to the State for ratification. At that time that single document was complete, active and charged with George Washington as its first President (note that the senate APPOINTED a president at that time, there was no registered voters).
Once the States received the document they were disgusted with its form and would not ratify it as is. The anti federalists had their say and attached a "bill" (to keep the federal government in debt to the States) to the original document and then ratify it. Once ratified the new document was called the Constitution of the United States of America which consisted of the original trust indenture and the bill of rights (which is considered one document). Likewise, the original trust indenture, the Constitution FOR the United States of America still remained as its own stand alone document to this day with NO amendments attached to it.
Fast forward to 1871 when the municipal body corporate was created it nearly duplicated the Constitution of the United States of America with its 'US Constitution' which was nearly identical minus the [hidden] 13th amendment, democratic election of senators and register voters having a 'vote' whom were not landowners.
All in all there are 3 constitions;
Constitution for the United States of America:
This is the original Constitution as it was generated from the college of deputies that sat in convention to do what was necessary to resolve the problems of the Articles of Confederation. This Constitution had only the original seven Articles and no amendments. It formed the government after the pattern of a Trust; wherein, the people granted a limited portion of their individually inherent sovereign authority to be collectively used by the government in accord with the conditions stipulated in the Constitution; thus, providing the limited collective sovereignty necessary for the government to function. This Constitution bears the signatures of the signatures of the deputies so convened and its Title is found in the last seven words of its Preamble: "Constitution for the United States of America";
Constitution of the United States of America:
History provides this original Constitution was formed by adding the Bill of Rights to the first Constitution listed hereabove. It was formed as a limiting contract each elected official of said government is required to take an oath of allegiance to; in order to serve in the capacity of the office so held. The Preamble to the Bill of Rights not only clearly distinguishes the distinct nature of the original Constitution (listed above) by both acknowledging its Resolution was made by the Congress that had been so formed by that Constitution and by acknowledging that several States had already adopted it and respectively requested that the Bill of Rights be amended to it; then designating the so amended document as the "Constitution of the United States of America"; and,
United States Constitution:
This final Constitution was not generated until 1871 where it acquired its ratification and name in the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871. It was simply called the United States Constitution. It can easily be distinguished from the two original constitutions by its lack of the original 13th Article of Amendment that was passed and ratified in 1818 in accord with the laws of our nation. Again, it is not our job to do your work for you. Rather, if you have an interest in discovering the evidence that supports the History.
Hope it helps!
I reserve the right to govern myself.
Now isn't that
Totally wrong
14th Amendment
Section 1: All PERSONS BORN or NATURALIZED in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are CITIZENS of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the PRIVILIGES AND IMMUNITIES(NOT RIGHTS!) of CITIZENS the United States; nor shall any State deprive any PERSON(INCLUDING CITIZENS!) of life, liberty, or property(RIGHTS, NOT PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES!), without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws(RIGHT!).
(b) COVERED PERSONS.—A covered person under this section
is any person as follows:
(1) A person who planned, authorized, committed, or aided
the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001,
or harbored those responsible for those attacks.
(2) A person who was a part of or substantially supported
al-Qaeda, the Taliban, or associated forces that are engaged
in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners,
including any person who has committed a belligerent act or
has directly supported such hostilities in aid of such enemy
Everyone just HAS to have their little "GOTCHA" moment dont they :/
Ventura 2012
On a somewhat different
On a somewhat different topic:
Given that the Obama administration admittedly supported the Al-Qaeda terrorist Belhaj in overtaking Tripoli and Qaddafi in the spring of 2011 - isn't Obama, Secretary of State Clinton and any military officer who provided the money, training, equipment and most especially the armed air assaults and over-seas transport that facilitated the capture of Tripoli, culpable under this act?
Not my interpretation
go look it up in 'Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation' This book is published by the US senate and it changes as new legislation is passed. This interpretation of the 14th amendment that I posted was on pages 1006 and 1007 and referenced by senate document 108-17 footnote 37. It may not be there now as the NDAA of 2012 probably called for a revision.
Ok, I looked it up, footnote
Ok, I looked it up, footnote 37 of the 2002 Edition for the 14th Amendment section(not on page 1006-1007) says no such thing, it is simply a summary of the Slaughterhouse opinion. p. 1679
When we talk about Sections 1 and 2 of the 14th Amendment we are talking about RESTRICTIONS ON THE STATES, not the Federal Government. The Federal Government is still bound by the Bill of Rights.
The Slaughterhouse opinion narrowly defined the scope of the 14th Amendment Priviliges and Immunities clause to narrow P+I to only US Citizens. The Court did not bother to define what the P+I are, but simply distinguished US citizens from State citizens.In the Slaughter-House Cases the court recognized two types of citizenship. The rights citizens have by being citizens of the United States are covered under the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the 14th Amendment, while the rights citizens have by being citizens of a state fall under the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article Four.
Rather than overturn Slaughterhouse, the modern Court has INCORPORATED the Bill of Rights as a restriction on the action of the states through the 14th Amendment's DUE PROCESS CLAUSE.
Ventura 2012
Citizen vs citizen
Yes, I too have come to the conclusion that the real result of the so called Civil War (more aptly called the War of Northern Agression)was not ending individual slavery, but, creating collective slavery for all citizens. It is history to which we all need to be aware. It is something else to study to understand the depth of our losses, and how long it has taken us to get to the place we now inhabit. Ron Paul is only the start of changing this. He may be the captain at the helm but we have to run the ship and he cannot do it without us. The Ship of State is HUGE. Think about how long it takes to turn a HUGE ship at sea...We have a lot of work to do, over a long period of time into the futre, to restore the efficacy of our original American Constutition and Bill of Rights.
But first on the agenda, throw the current pirates at the helm overboard and restore control of the helm to a Constutionalist like Ron Paul. We must then continue to be the tireless ones ever vigilant...
VIVA rEVOLution!
If my need to be RIGHT is greater than my desire for TRUTH, then I will not recognize it when it arrives ~ Libertybelle
~raising my hand~
I tried to stay with you....but you lost me. I guess I'm ignorant.
Can you make that a little easier to understand for the slow people in the room?
"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness." - Mark Twain
Let me explain differently
Lets say the military shows up at your door and arrests you, krayonc. You are taken away to a far away place kept in a far away prison.
Your friends and family start to wonder where did krayonc go?
Your government tells them, "Krayonc is suspected of aiding terrorists, so we detained krayonc in a far away prison."
Then your friends and family say, "But you can't just take krayonc away like that krayonc has rights. Krayonc is a Citizen of the United States. You know the United States the 'freeist' country in the world."
Then the government says "Krayonc is a Citizen of the United States you say? Well it says here in the 14th amendment that Citizens of the United States have privileges not rights and only states are not allowed to take those privileges away. So the United States can do that."
The 14th Amendment does not
The 14th Amendment does not say "privileges NOT rights" (emphasis added) - as you stated. It says privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States. It also reiterates the right to life, liberty and property of the people. So whatever the scope of the privileges and immunities, they are in addition to the rights of the people, they do not replace them.
Thus the federal government is still bound by the 5th amendment whether you consider yourself a person of the united states or a citizen of the united states or both.
Got that part....
But are you saying that this is avoidable by simply not calling myself a citizen? Are you suggesting rescinding citizenship?
That's where you lost me.
If officials show up at my door to arrest me (and take me to a prison far away) I doubt they're going to give a rat's butt what I call myself. Those guys don't usually care anyway, they're just carrying out orders and tell you to "tell it to the judge".
"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness." - Mark Twain
When you are taken
you have no more ability to stop them from kidnapping you than you would an armed robber from robbing you. But when your friends and family go to rescue you it is important that they use the correct semantics or they will lose standing to get you free. Same goes for if you are one of the friends and family and someone you know and want to be freed.
Your friends and family should say "Krayonc is a People of the United States and as such has rights not privileges. You, the government, have exceeded your jurisdiction by taking krayonc to a far away prison."
Do robbers use armed drones?
Can they put you in jail for tax evasion or other trumped-up charges? Do they have access to Project Echelon/data mining stores of information about us?
Don't think so.
That doesn't make any sense...
Couldn't they simply pull out a tax form I've signed where the "are you an american citizen" box is checked?
"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness." - Mark Twain
Think of a polaroid camera
You have The United States of America National Government, operating smoothly. Then our enemies come along with intent to infiltrate and usurp. They take a duplicate picture of our National Government and create a corporation called UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, year-1871. At that time the Officials of the National Government where the same Man as the Officers of the UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. Everything is running smooth until 1912 when the corporation goes bankrupt, the GOVERNMENT lost our currency (Fed Reserve Act). They tweak a few things; such as senators being appointed, removing the 13th amendment (now known as the hidden 13th amendment). At this point a conflict of interest emerges that forces the Men holding office to make a choice to either seat the National Government or the Municipal Corporation; they all choose the Corporation. Thus, the National Government remained empty until the early 90's. We've had this foreign private corporation at the helm and it has everything to do with why everything is going in the wrong direction.
This GOVERNMENT creates its own employee class with its corporate 14th amendment called: us citizens. This 'citizen' class was created to house the newly freed black slaves directly after the civil war.
The People, mainly through their ignorance, follow this municipal corporate as if it was the true National Government not realizing that such GOVERNMENT was quit claim deeded to the international monetary fund in 1944 through the Brenton Woods Agreement when the UNITED STATES became the 'drawing account of the IMF'.
In 1944, the UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT became full property of entities foreign to the United States of America.
The people through their ignorance did not recognize the changes in the relationships occurring throughout their nations history but hopefully their starting too.
I reserve the right to govern myself.
UCC 1-207 "Without Prejudice"
It's all about how you identify which hat you are wearing at any particular time. Are you wearing your "American" hat or your statutory regulated "US Citizen" hat? I've also wondered if we even have a president of America right now. It seems to me that since I have been alive we have only had a president of the US, but no president of America. I keep thinking it would be cool if RP and Americans declared him as President of the united states of America and let Romney or Obama be President of the United States.
I admonish you to think twice
I admonish you to think twice before posting about such content until you've done much more reading and understanding. There are many things you've said that some would consider 'mythology' and/or 'disinformation' and those types of things shouldn't be passed along as truth.
Keep digging though, your on the right track !!
I reserve the right to govern myself.
I think people tend to overthink
things. Lawyers are busy lawyering up the Constitutional water, don't fall for it. Don't get involved with trying to unravel that mess. The Founding Fathers and The Founding Documents were very clear and straightforward, easy to understand. If a person really wants to understand, I'd suggest they read about both of them at the same time.
Once you see how the Founding Fathers lived, you'll begin to understand where they were coming from.
Patriot Cell #345,168
I don't respond to emails or pm's.
Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution, inevitable.
Although your research is clear, there are other elements
I commend you for not only doing the research necessary to gain knowledge and understanding but also having the courage to speak up.
Go Ron Paul!
You are technically correct in your interpretation(according to my understanding) however, consent is already established based on presumption. For instance, if one maintains a drivers license that required a Social Security Number (hereinafter: The Number) upon registration [contract] then you must acknowledge the existence of a contractual relationship between CorpUS and its subsidiaries.
Although the 14th did created corporate citizen/employees of the US Government it does not consent was not giving. Every time the number is used it is a form of consent because that relationship is active. You must be aware of General Partnership relationships and their impact on personalities involved in contract. The Number's are established for individuals whom are admittedly 'operating' in some sort of diminished capacity (like the sick and infirm - See Social Security Act of 1935). So the first thing is realizing that the number is not yours, its belongs to the 'State' [CorpUS/UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT]. If you are using that number as if it was yours; when you work, acquire assets or even contract at the doctors office (I've never once been required to provide The Number at a doctors office, and never will) you are contracting through the state for service. The relationship is that The Number belongs to the State and you have the 'privilege' to use it; right of use.
More clearly, you apply for a job and use The Number it was not you whom applied for the job; the state did you were just granted the privilege of controlling relationship. When your first check arrives you notice that it is written to a TITLE, that title is the State's 'name' that has contracted for the position. You deposit that check and use the funds as if they were yours not recognizing the State's relationship with The Number, in doing so a General Partnership is formed where the flesh/Man and The Number are joined and the Man becomes The Number. This is what I believe to be one of the keys for the body corporate to attain Lawful jurisdiction despite verbal non-consent/dissent.
The key is understanding that The Number is the primary mechanism the State uses in order to maintain jurisdiction through presumption. Interestingly though, the terms and conditions between the SSA and The People dictate that the people can change their relationship with such said number should they choose. Such person would have the 'exercise' their contracting muscles by perhaps modifying their relationship in writing and then requesting such information be added to the Master File. Once added, using the administrative procedures act, one could secure a certified copy of such relationship from the SSA proving in the flesh the nature of the current relationship between the Man and the State.
If knowledge is power, then secret knowledge is absolute power.
I reserve the right to govern myself.
I think I know something I find out how very little I really know. This concept of presumption, I will have to research this much more I think. This seems contrary to the idea that all contracts must be bilateral, and if one party decides to attribute other or more stipulations on an agreement than the other party is aware of then it cannot be in agreement. Would that not void the contract?
On a side note, my first drivers license was a real pain because at 16 I found out I had 2 social security numbers. My birth certificate was attached to one and my school records were on another.
Conceptually I think I understand
but you are speaking very abstractly. I wonder, can you give a better explanation of paragraph 6 where you talk about modifying the relationship? What would that technically look like, and can you explain what the modified relationship would mean?
Ron Paul - Intellectual hero
I assume your speaking as to
I assume your speaking as to what form such a modification would take? If so, then your missing some key elements of understanding.
Well, first lets establish a few facts.
The SSA established a public trust for the elderly and infirm. A congressional promise was made that such a trust would not be used for tracking/identifying individuals ... broken promises ... Perhaps letting them know that you do not appreciate the broken promise is a good way to start.. or perhaps the recent data manipulation/compilation being conducted as the rise of homeland security continues poses an uncomfortable relationship between yourself and The Number.
Requesting such a letter be annexed to the Master File may evidence a disconsent with their service. Ideally, once the letter has been annexed, it would be wise to secure a copy of that with the seal of the SSA. Such a document will have weight in court where it can be used to prove the nature of the relationship between CorpUS, its agencies and the People.
Of course there is a great chance of non-cooperation, more likely due to great ignorance more that 'tyranny'. Should such an instance occur, their would be very little one can do to deal directly with such individuals; their offices are required to act but the Man does not fulfill his duty to act. Then what?
Recognize that the Administrative Procedures Act exists to hold federal agencies accountable to the duties of their office (to say the least). Read it, learn how to use it as it is a powerful tool. Use it to secure a copy w/ seal of the nature of the relationship between yourself and CorpUS and any of its subsidiaries such as: State of X, County of X, Township of X etc. With your ability to prove your relationship it would seem that the corporate state would be powerless to prosecute you in a court of Law.
A court of Lawlessness is a different story though, but that will never happen here unless The People themselves destroy such a beautiful court system.
I reserve the right to govern myself.
Unalianable rights
are given by the creator. As such, they may not be surrendered nor taken. Inalienable rights may not be taken, but can be surrendered. I think you are confusing unalienable rights with inalienable rights.
There would be no such thing as prisons and what is the purpose of due process of law if life, liberty, and property could not be alienated for any reason?
should we continue the discussion?
I felt this article and debate was dead.
I have gained new knowledge, perspective, and field of thought since posting this article.
The point of the article was to illustrate the difference between the federal government and the government of the several states. While the 14th amendment subjugates the citizens to the federal government it only places restrictions on the government of the several states. There are no restrictions on the federal government when it pertains to 14th amendment citizens. State governments are restricted, not the federal government. There is no other place to define a 'Citizen of the United States' other than the 14th amendment, so when I see people referring to themselves as citizens, I hope they proceed carefully for risk of voluntarily alienating their 'God given' rights.
If you infringe on others rights to all of those things
it's also dealt with in the Founding Documents but don't think the Founding Fathers took that lightly,as do today's laws and people that enforce them.
The Declaration of Independence line doesn't give us the right to rob others of their life.
Patriot Cell #345,168
I don't respond to emails or pm's.
Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution, inevitable.


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Miley Cyrus Loses Award to Selena Gomez, Throws Tantrum on Twitterby Tyler Johnson at . Updated at . Comments
Last night, the 2014 MuchMusic Video Awards were held in Toronto, and while Miley Cyrus was not in attendance, she still managed to make her presence felt.
Miley's assault on Selena Gomez continued on Twitter during the awards show when the Queen of Twerk expressed her dismay at losing the International Artist of the Year prize to her rival Selena.
"Wigged woting is wack wust waying," Cyrus tweeted shortly after the results were announced. For those not fluent in Miley that's "Rigged voting is whack, just saying."
Not exactly a gracious defeat on Miley's part. Maybe reactions like that are why Selena has no respect for Miley anymore.
Or maybe Miley reacted that way because she knows Selena has no respect for her.
Tough to say, as we really have no idea when or why this feud got started.
Miley fired the first shots last week when she angrily tossed a Selena doll into the crowd during a performance, but she hasn't given any indication as to what Selena did to get on her bad side.
For their part, the folks at MuchMusic responded to the rigged voting allegations by posting results which indicate that Selena bested Miley by just a few hundred thousand votes, with each singer receiving over 20 million ballots in their favor.
So we guess you can chalk this one up as a (very minor) victory for Selena in this weird, ongoing war.
what a jerk you are mily
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that was stupid.why wold miley do that to the adroeble girl. selena didint do anything. even selena fell she still beautiful i hope she didint went to the hopsitle because of that mily brat
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the votes were rigged, i'm not even a miley fan and i know that, people were talking about it on twitter. miley's vote number was reduced kept everytime she got the lead ahead of selena.
and lets be hoenst here, selena can't sing to save her life, miley on the otherhand (tho she has made questionable choices) has real talent.
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Karma.... You talk about Selena and call her names as well as down this girl. We'll it came back to bite you now didn't it. I bet you feel stupid. Now she's laughing at you!!
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Not surprised to hear Miley's a sore loser. While Selena is a sweet lady oozing class, Miley has become little more than a whining totally déclasse attention whore.
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Neither one of them deserved to win international artist. They just aren't artists. Better Selena than that freak Miley though. Yuck.
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To least it's not a story about the K Klan. Actually had no idea Selena had anything out to put up for an award. I'm really out of touch with this whole teen thing. Pretty sure this is voter award and Selana has Biebers fans behind her. IMHO haven't heard anything this year by either girl award worthy.
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miley's excuse? .......I'M STILL IN PUBERTY.
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Ms. Rebecca L. Beck
Family Medicine, James A Gottfried MD
- 257 Benedict Ave Ste C
Norwalk, OH 44857
- 1 Office Location
- (419) 668-1101
Ms. Rebecca L. Beck is a practicing physician. Ms. Beck practices medicine in Norwalk, OH and specializes in Family Medicine. Ms. Beck is affiliated with Fisher Titus Medical Center. Ms. Beck speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Not Available
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Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
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Hospital Affiliations: Fisher Titus Medical Center
Specialties: Family Medicine


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Home » News » Public Safety
Report of men with guns sends Laconia schools into lockdown
Laconia Police and a New Hampshire State Police K-9 unit responded to the report for a search of the area, but no trace of the men was found.
Laconia Police Capt. Matt Canfield said the lockdown followed the report of the sighting by a school administrator at 1:18 p.m. He said the lockdown ended shortly after the normal dismissal time for the schools.
Canfield said the men were described as white, one wearing a black T-shirt and the other wearing a white sweatshirt with red lettering.
The investigation is continuing and anyone with information concerning the incident, or who saw the two men, is asked to contact the Laconia Police at 524-5252 or Laconia Crimeline at 527-1717.
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By Paul Roumeliotis
Let's be serious for a sentence or five. Have you ever imagined who would be President if Barack Obama wasn't selected? Maybe. But have you ever wondered who would be President if Mike Ditka ran for Senate in Illinois back in 2004? Don't tell me you have, unless this is the second time you're reading this sentence.
The iconic Super Bowl-winning Bears coach was legitimately considering running after being encouraged by committee chair George Allen, son of the Hall of Fame coach, but chose not to due to his busy schedule. If Ditka had ran, Obama wouldn't be where he is right now, so he says.
"Biggest mistake I've ever made," Da Coach said in North Dakota oil fields earlier this month. "Not that I would have won, but I probably would have and [Obama] wouldn't be in the White House."
Yes, a bigger mistake than trading all of his draft picks in 1999 to select Ricky Williams when he was with the Saints. Remember the wedding photo cover on ESPN The Magazine?
Ditka delivered the speech to a crowd of about 100 people but had "no idea" why he was in the oil fields and was only there because his "secretary sets everything up."


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i started this piece on january 15th. i have diligently recorded the process. i hope you enjoy watching this come together. i'll post a few photos over time. it starts with me gluing three pieces of white pine to make one solid block........Last Post By: randall rosenthal Today, 9:37 AM
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Hello all, I've been reading a lot of threads about a lot of topics, but always in the shadow. Today I'm jumping in with the results of my inquiries. But first some backgroud info... (By the way I apologize if my english writing is not very good, I'm french canadian and I never really took...Last Post By: Rod Sheridan Today, 5:47 PM
I am making a dining room table from two slabs. These are 110" long. Lacking a straight edge that long, I made one long enough to cut with my circular saw, reasonably straight. I am trying to joint the edge now by hand. I'm using a Veritas BU jointer with an edge guide. It's made getting the...Last Post By: Kent A Bathurst Today, 1:48 PM
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Almost everything I've read says four dowels is more than adequate for a cabinet. Is that wrong?
As a matter of fact, I did use glue on the
After going thru three band saw blades per month sawing veneers, I acquired a rather large pile of dull blades and it seemed like such a waste. So i wonderedDavid Pascoe Today, 10:06 PM
I have them but, don't buy the paper. The paper that came with them stuck so well I was lucky to get it off without destroying the foam. Your usualglenn bradley Today, 10:04 PM
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