text:
Satellite tracking reveals a dichotomy in migration strategies among juvenile loggerhead turtles in the Northwest Atlantic
- Katherine L. Mansfield,
- Vincent S. Saba,
- John A. Keinath,
- John A. Musick
- … show all 4 hide
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Few data are available on the movements and behavior of immature Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from their seasonal neritic foraging grounds within the western north Atlantic. These waters provide developmental habitat for loggerheads originating from several western Atlantic nesting stocks. We examined the long-term movements of 23 immature loggerheads (16 wild-caught and seven headstart turtles) characterizing their seasonal distribution, habitat use, site fidelity, and the oceanographic conditions encountered during their migrations. We identified two movement strategies: (1) a seasonal shelf-constrained north–south migratory pattern; and (2) a year-round oceanic dispersal strategy where turtles travel in the Gulf Stream to the North Atlantic and their northern dispersal is limited by the 10–15°C isotherm. When sea surface temperatures dropped below 20°C, neritic turtles began a migration south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (USA) where they established fidelity to the waters between North Carolina's Outer Banks and the western edge of the Gulf Stream along outer continental shelf. Two turtles traveled as far south as Florida. Several turtles returned to their seasonal foraging grounds during subsequent summers. Northern movements were associated with both increased sea surface temperature (>21°C) and increased primary productivity. Our results indicate strong seasonal and interannual philopatry to the waters of Virginia (summer foraging habitat) and North Carolina (winter habitat). We suggest that the waters of Virginia and North Carolina provide important seasonal habitat and serve as a seasonal migratory pathway for immature loggerhead sea turtles. North Carolina's Cape Hatteras acts as a seasonal "migratory bottleneck" for this species; special management consideration should be given to this region. Six turtles spent time farther from the continental shelf. Three entered the Gulf Stream near Cape Hatteras, traveling in the current to the northwest Atlantic. Two of these turtles remained within an oceanic habitat from 1 to 3 years and were associated with mesoscale features and frontal systems. The ability of large benthic subadults to resume an oceanic lifestyle for extended periods indicates plasticity in habitat use and migratory strategies. Therefore, traditional life history models for loggerhead sea turtles should be reevaluated.
- Argos (1988) User's Manual: Version 1.0, November 1988. Argos/CLS, Toulouse, France, pp 156
- Argos (1996) User's Manual: Version 1.0, January 1996. Argos/CLS, Toulouse, France, pp 176
- Avens L (2003) Homing behavior, navigation, and orientation of juvenile sea turtles. PhD thesis, Duke University. Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Avens LA, Lohmann KJ (2004) Navigation and seasonal migratory orientation in juvenile sea turtles. J Exp Biol 207:1771–1778 CrossRef
- Avens L, Braun JB, Epperly SP, Lohmann KJ (2003) Site fidelity and homing behavior in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta. Mar Biol 143:211–220 CrossRef
- Bass AL, Epperly SP, Braun-McNeill J (2004) Multi-year analysis of stock composition of a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) foraging habitat using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Conserv Genet 5:783–796 CrossRef
- Belkin IM, O'Reilly JE (2009) An algorithm for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll and sea surface temperature satellite imagery. J Mar Syst (in press). doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.018
- Bell R, Richardson JI (1978) An analysis of tag recoveries from loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting on Little Cumberland Island, Georgia, Florida. Mar Res Publ 33:20–24
- Berthold P (1996) Control of bird migration. Chapman and Hall, London, p 355
- Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Martins HR (2000) Somatic growth model of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta: duration of the pelagic stage. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 202:265–272 CrossRef
- Bowen BW, Bass AL, Chow S, Bostrom M, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Okuyama T, Bolker BM, Epperly S, Lacasella E, Shaver D, Dodd M, Hopkins-Murphy SR, Musick JA, Swingle M, Rankin-Baransky K, Teas W, Witzell WN, Dutton PH (2004) Natal homing in juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). Mol Ecol 13(12):3797–3808 CrossRef
- Britten MW, Kennedy PL, Ambrose S (1999) Performance and accuracy evaluation of small satellite transmitters. J Wildl Manag 63:1349–1358 CrossRef
- Broderick AC, Coyne MS, Fuller WJ, Glen F, Godley BJ (2007) Fidelity and overwintering of sea turtles. Proc R Soc B 274:1533–1538 CrossRef
- Brothers N, Gails R, Hedd A, Robertson G (1998) Foraging movements of the shy albatross Diomeda cauta breeding in Australia; implications for interactions with longline fisheries. Ibis 140:446–457 CrossRef
- Byles RA (1988) The behavior and ecology of sea turtles in Virginia. PhD thesis, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
- Carr A (1986) Rips, FADS and little loggerheads. Bioscience 36(2):92–100 CrossRef
- Carr A (1987) New perspectives on the pelagic stage of sea turtle development. Conserv Biol 1(2):103–121 CrossRef
- CLS America, Inc. (2007) ARGOS User's manual: worldwide tracking and environmental monitoring by satellite. Argos/CLS, Toulouse, France, October 14, 2008 update. Online: http://www.argos-system.org/manual/index.html#home.htm
- Coles W (1999) Aspects of the biology of sea turtles in the mid-Atlantic bight. PhD thesis, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
- Coles W, Musick JA (2000) Satellite sea surface temperature analysis and correlation with sea turtle distribution off North Carolina. Copeia 2000(2):551–554 CrossRef
- Coyne MS, Godley BJ (2005) Satellite Tracking and Analysis Tool (STAT): an integrated system for archiving, analyzing and mapping animal tracking data. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 301:1–7 CrossRef
- De Solla SR, Bonduriansky R, Brooks RJ (1999) Eliminating autocorrelation reduces biological relevance of home range estimates. J Anim Ecol 68:221–234 CrossRef
- Donnelley M (1994) Sea turtle mariculture: a review of relevant information for conservation and commerce. Center for Marine Conservation, Washington, DC, 113 pp
- Drickamer LC, Vessey SH (1986) Animal behavior: concepts, processes and methods, 2nd edn. Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, Boston, Massachusetts, pp 411–440
- Eckert SA, Martins HR (1989) Transatlantic travel by juvenile loggerhead turtle. Mar Turtle Newsl 45:15
- Encalada SE, Bjorndal KA, Bolton AB, Zurita JC, Schroeder B, Possardt E, Sears CJ, Bowen BW (1998) Population structure of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting colonies in the Atlantic and Mediterranean as inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Mar Biol 130:567–575 CrossRef
- Epperly SP, Braun J, Chester AJ, Cross FA, Merriner JV, Tester PA (1995) Winter distribution of sea turtles in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and their interactions with the summer flounder fishery. Bull Mar Sci 56(2):547–568
- Farner D (1955) The annual stimulus for migration: experimental and physiological aspects. In: Wolfson A (ed) Recent studies in avian biology. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, pp 198–237
- Hatase H, Takai N, Matsuzawa Y, Sakamoto W, Omuta K, Goto K, Arai N, Fujiwara T (2002) Size-related differences in feeding habitat use of adult female loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta around Japan determined by stable isotope analyses and satellite telemetry. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 233:273–281 CrossRef
- Hatase H, Sato K, Yamaguchi M, Takahashi K, Tsukamoto K (2006) Individual variation in feeding habitat use by adult female green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas): are they obligately neritic herbivores? Oecologia 149:52–64 CrossRef
- Hawkes LA, Broderick AC, Coyne MS, Godfrey MH, Lopez-Jurado L-F, Lopez-Suarez P, Merino SE, Varo-Cruz N, Godley BJ (2006) Phenotypically linked dichotomy in sea turtle foraging requires multiple conservation approaches. Curr Biol 16:990–995 CrossRef
- Hawkes LA, Broderick AC, Coyne MS, Godfrey MH, Godley BJ (2007) Only some like it hot: quantifying the environmental niche of the loggerhead sea turtle. Divers Distrib 13(4):447–457 CrossRef
- Hays GC, Akesson S, Godley BJ, Luschi P, Santidrian P (2001) The implications of location accuracy for the interpretation of satellite-tracking data. Anim Behav 61:1035–1040 CrossRef
- Helms C (1963) The annual cycle and Zugenruhe in birds. In: American Ornithologist's Union (ed) Proceedings of the XIII international ornithological congress, american ornithologist's union. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp 925–939
- Hooge PN, Eichenlaub W, Hooge ER (2001) Animal Movement 2.5. US Geological Survey, Alaska Biological Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska
- Hopkins-Murphy SR, Owens DW, Murphy TM (2003) Ecology of immature loggerheads on foraging grounds and adults in internesting habitat in the eastern United States. In: Bolton A, Witherington B (eds) Loggerhead sea turtles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp 79–92
- Hoscheid S, Bentivegna F, Hays GC (2005) First records of dive durations for hibernating a sea turtle. Biol Lett 1:82–86 CrossRef
- James MC, Ottensmeyer CA, Meyers RA (2005a) Identification of high-use habitat and threats to leatherback sea turtles in northern waters: new directions for conservation. Ecol Lett 8:195–201 CrossRef
- James MC, Meyers RA, Ottensmeyer CA (2005b) Behaviour of leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, during the migratory cycle. Proc R Soc B 272:1547–1555 CrossRef
- James MC, Sherrill-Mix SA, Martin K, Meyers RA (2006) Canadian waters provide critical foraging habitat for leatherback turtles. Biol Conserv 133:347–357 CrossRef
- Keinath, JA (1993) Movements and behavior of wild and head-started sea turtles. PhD thesis, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
- Kobayashi DR, Polovina JJ, Paker DM, Kamezaki N, Cheng I, Uchida I, Dutton PH, Balazs GH (2008) Pelagic habitat characterization of loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, in the North Pacific Ocean (1997–2006): insights from satellite tag tracking and remotely sensed data. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 356(2008):96–114
- Lipcius RN, Stockhausen WT (2002) Concurrent decline of the spawning stock, recruitment, larval abundance, and size of blue crab in Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 226:45–61 CrossRef
- Luschi P, Hays GC, Papi F (2003) A review of long-distance movements by marine turtles, and the possible role of ocean currents. Oikos 103:293–302 CrossRef
- Lutcavage H, Musick JA (1985) Aspects of the biology of sea turtles in Virginia. Copeia 38(4):329–336
- Mansfield K (2006) Sources of mortality, movements and behavior of sea turtles in Virginia. PhD thesis, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
- McClellan CM, Read AJ (2007) Complexity and variation in loggerhead sea turtle life history. Biol Lett 3(6):592–594 CrossRef
- Meylan AB, Ehrenfeld D (2000) Conservation of marine turtles. In: Klemens MW (ed) Turtle conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp 96–125
- Millspaugh JJ, Marzluff JM (2001) Radio tracking and animal populations. Academic Press, London, p 474
- Moon D-Y, Mackenzie DS, Owens DW (1997) Simulated hibernation of sea turtles in the laboratory: I. feeding, breathing frequency, blood pH, and blood gases. J Exp Zool 278:372–380 CrossRef
- Morreale SJ (1999) Oceanic migrations of sea turtles. PhD thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Morreale SJ, Standora AE (1988) Early life stage ecology of sea turtles in northeastern US waters. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-413
- Morreale SJ, Meylan AB, Sadove SS, Standora AE (1992) Annual occurrence and winter mortality of marine turtles in New York waters. J Herpetol 26(2):130–308
- Musick JA, Limpus CJ (1997) Habitat utilization and migration in juvenile sea turtles. In: Lutz PL, Musick JA (eds) The biology of sea turtles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 137–163
- Musick JA, Branstetter S, Colvocoresses JA (1993) Trends in shark abundance from 1974 to 1991 in the Chesapeake bight region of the US Mid-Atlantic Coast. NOAA Technical Report NMFS-115, pp 1–18
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center (2009) An assessment of loggerhead sea turtles to estimate impacts of mortality reductions on population dynamics. NMFS SEFSC Contribution PRD-08/09-14. Miami, Florida, 46 pp
- Nelson DA (1996) Subadult loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) behavior in St. Marys entrance channel, Georgia, USA. PhD thesis, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
- Norrgard JW (1996) Determination of the natal origin of a juvenile loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) population in Chesapeake Bay using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation Genetics, pp 129–136. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-396
- Pelletier D, Roos D, Ciccione S (2003) Oceanic survival and movements of wild and captive reared immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Indian Ocean. Aquat Living Resour 16:35–41 CrossRef
- Plotkin PT, Spotila JR (2002) Post-nesting migrations of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta. Oryx 36(4):396–399 CrossRef
- Polovina JJ, Kobayashi DR, Parker D, Seki MP, Balazs GH (2000) Turtles on the edge: movement of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) along oceanic fronts, spanning longline fishing grounds in the central North Pacific, 1997–1998. Fish Oceanogr 9(1):71–82 CrossRef
- Polovina J, Uchida I, Balazs GH, Howell EA, Parker D, Dutton P (2006) The Kuroshio Extension Bifurcation Region: a pelagic hotspot for juvenile loggerhead sea turtles. Deep-Sea Res II 53:326–339 CrossRef
- Rankin-Baransky KC, Williams J, Bass AL, Bowen BW, Spotila JR (2001) Origin of loggerhead turtles stranded in the northeast Atlantic as determined by mtDNA analysis. J Herpetol 35:638–646 CrossRef
- Ryder TS (1995) Daily movements and relocation of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Master's thesis, State University of New York College at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Saba VS, Spotila JR, Chavez FP, Musick JA (2008) Bottom-up and climatic forcing on the worldwide population of leatherback turtles. Ecology 89:1414–1427 CrossRef
- Sasso CR, Braun-McNeill J, Avens L, Epperly SP (2006) Effects of transients on estimating survival and population growth in juvenile loggerhead turtles. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 324:287–292 CrossRef
- Schwartz FJ (1978) Behavioral and tolerance responses to cold water temperatures by three species of sea turtles (Reptilia, Cheloniidae) in North Carolina. In: Henderson GE (ed) Proceedings of the Florida interregional conference on sea turtles, 24–25 July 1976, Jensen Beach, Florida. Florida Marine Research Publication 33(1978):16–18
- Seminoff JA, Zárate P, Coyne M, Foley DG, Parker D, Lyon BN, Dutton PH (2007) Post-nesting migrations of Galápagos green turtles Chelonia mydas in relation to oceanographic conditions: integrating satellite telemetry with remotely sensed ocean data. Endang Species Res 4:57–72 CrossRef
- Seney EE, Landry AM (2008) Movements of Kemp's ridley sea turtles nesting on the upper Texas coast: implications for management. Endang Species Res 4:73–84 CrossRef
- Seney EE, Musick JA (2006) Historical diet analysis of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Virginia. Copeia 2007(2):478–489 CrossRef
- Shaver DJ, Rubio C (2008) Post-nesting movements of wild and head-started Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) in the Gulf of Mexico. Endang Species Res 4:43–55 CrossRef
- Shoop CR, Kenney RD (1992) Seasonal distribution and abundances of loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles in northeastern United States waters. Herpetol Monogr 6:43–67 CrossRef
- Snover, ML (2002) Growth and ontogeny of sea turtles using skeletochronology: methods validation and application to conservation. PhD thesis, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Spotila JR, Standora EA (1985) Environmental constraints on the thermal energetics of sea turtles. Copeia 1985(3):694–702 CrossRef
- Spotila JR, O'Connor MP, Paladino F (1997) Thermal biology. In: Lutz PL, Musick JA (eds) The biology of sea turtles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 137–163
- Tougaard J, Teilmann J, Tourgaard S (2008) Harbour seal spatial distribution estimated from Argos satellite telemetry: overcoming positional errors. Endang Species Res 4:113–122 CrossRef
- Turtle Expert Working Group (2007) An assessment of the leatherback turtle population in the Atlantic Ocean. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-555
- Vincent C, McConnell BJ, Ridoux V, Fedak MA (2002) Assessment of ARGOS location accuracy from satellite tags deployed on captive grey seals. Mar Mamm Sci 18:156–166 CrossRef
- White GC, Garrott RA (1990) Analysis of wildlife radio-tracking data. Academic Press, San Diego, p 383
- Witherington BE (2002) Ecology of neonate loggerhead turtles inhabiting lines of downwelling near a Gulf Stream front. Mar Biol 140:843–853 CrossRef
- Witt MJ, Broderick AC, Johns DJ, Martin C, Penrose R, Hoogmoed MS, Godley BJ (2007) Prey landscapes help identify potential foraging habitats for leatherback turtles in the NE Atlantic. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 337:231–244 CrossRef
- Witzell WN (2002) Immature Atlantic loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta): suggested changes to the life history model. Herpetol Rev 33(4):226–269
- Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis, 4th edn. Prentice Hall, Inc, Upper Saddle River, p 663
- Zug GR, Vitt LJ, Caldwell JP (2001) Herpetology: introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, p 630
- Title
- Satellite tracking reveals a dichotomy in migration strategies among juvenile loggerhead turtles in the Northwest Atlantic
- Journal
Marine Biology
Volume 156, Issue 12 , pp 2555-2570
- Cover Date
- 2009-11-01
- 10.1007/s00227-009-1279-x
- Print ISSN
- 0025-3162
- Online ISSN
- 1432-1793
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Katherine L. Mansfield (1) (2)
- Vincent S. Saba (2)
- John A. Keinath (3)
- John A. Musick (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
- 2. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
- 3. 176 Herbal Lane, Midway, GA, 31320, USA


text:
Brian Starr
I have been shooting photographs first on film and now digital for a number of years. I've always been fascinated by the designs that simply occur in life and I often try to capture those designs in my photography. Photography is magical in that it really does freeze a moment in time. There are many things that interest me photographically and I love to see all the great and inspiring images on this site. Thanks for looking at my work and feel free to send me a note
No stories
No collections
Oh noes!
This person hasn't contributed any stories yet.
Latest Photo Links
Canadian Photographer Captures Wanderlust In...
292 Views » 0 Comments » 1 Vote
AI-AP | DART » Finding a Story: Jacobia Dahm
665 Views » 0 Comments » 0 Votes
Digital Cameras And Post Production | Fine Art...
534 Views » 1 Comment » 0 Votes
Q: where can i buy back issues
A: Do you know?
Latest Photo News
- Copyright, Fair Use & Orphan Works: Legal Conundrums in the Use & Misappropriation of Photographs and Visual Images
- Photography & the Law - Beyonce' and Beyond: A Roundup of Recent Legal Issues
- Exposure! Enter Today!
- Expose Yourself!
- A Millions Little Pictures: Analog

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Books
- Events
- Calendar
- Multimedia Archive
- Book Groups
- Classes & Trips
- Supported Events
- Bulk Book Sales
- Children & Teens
- Classes & Trips
- Self-Publishing
- Gifts, CDs, & DVDs
- Membership & Community
- District Lines
- Membership
- Local Restaurants
- Modern Times Coffeehouse
- DC Blogs
- Literary Organizations
- Support a Local School or Literacy Organization
- School Book Fairs & Partnership Fridays
- About Us
Somewhere in South America, at the home of the country's vice president, a lavish birthday party is being held in honor of the powerful businessman Mr. Hosokawa. Roxanne Coss, opera's most revered soprano, has mesmerized the international guests with her singing. It is a perfect evening -- until a band of gunwielding terrorists takes the entire party hostage. But what begins as a panicked, life-threatening scenario slowly evolves into something quite different, a moment of great beauty, as terrorists and hostages forge unexpected bonds and people from different continents become compatriots, intimate friends, and lovers.
About the Author
Ann Patchett is the author of five novels: the New York Times bestselling Run; The Patron Saint of Liars, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year; Taft, which won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize; The Magician's Assistant; and Bel Canto, which won the PEN/Faulkner Award, the Orange Prize, the BookSense Book of the Year, and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. She is also the author of two works of nonfiction: the New York Times bestselling Truth & Beauty and What now? Patchett has written for many publications, including the Atlantic Monthly, Harper's Magazine, Gourmet, the New York Times, Vogue, and the Washington Post. She lives in Nashville, Tennessee.


text:
|My Wayfair
|New! Essentials for Thanksgiving Dinner »
|New! Traditional Kitchen Photos »
|The Gift Shop »
PF Waterworks PermaFLOW No Clog Drain P-Trap
PermaFLOW No Clog Drain prevents clogs and is engineered to help easily remove the drain buildup before it develops into a clog eliminating the need for secondary maintenance products and procedures such as plunging, dangerous drain cleaners, messy drain disassembly, and associated health, safety and environmental concerns. PermaFLOW Self Cleaning Drain's unique shape increases turbulence to minimize routine buildup preventing the drain from becoming blocked. For heavy use, the PermaFLOW Drain has a patented, easy-turn wiper that acts as an in-line drain cleaner and clears the clog. This new 'Green by Design' 4 in 1 multifunctional home improvement fixture provides a commonsense tool to reduce the time, effort and money needed for maintenance. PermaFLOW Drain adapts to standard size drainage system in kitchen and bath sinks (1.5'') and easily replaces new or existing p-traps while offering several unique benefits. PermaFLOW Drain has won several leading industry testimonials: 'Best of What's New' Award from Popular Science '100 Best New Products' from Professional Builder 'Product Innovator Award' from Kitchen and Bath Business 'Platinum Award for Design Excellence' from Design Journal. 'Smartest Innovations for 2009' from USA WeekEnd 'GreenSpec' listing from 'Environmental Building News'.
PF Waterworks PermaFLOW No Clog Drain P-Trap
Weights & Dimensions
|Application: Kitchen faucet
|Product Type: Trap
|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerPF WaterWorks™ has been formed with one goal in mind - Look at the obvious needs people have and offer innovative, eco-friendly and convenient solutions at competitive prices. With a focus on respect for customer's time, effort and money and the commitment to help improve our environment, PF WaterWorks™ simplifies, modifies, or develops new products to improve/promote self-sufficiency in the residential, commercial, industrial and hospitality sectors.
PF Waterworks PermaFLOW No Clog Drain P-Trap
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help
PF Waterworks PermaFLOW No Clog Drain P-Trap
Free Shipping on orders over $49.00
Ships to:
Ships via: FedEx/UPS (Learn More)
Delivery Estimates
Enter your shipping zip or postal code to calculate shipping estimates
Return Policy
We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund.30-Day Return Policy
Customer Reviews
Tell us what you think!
Tell us what you think about this product. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow Birch Lane shoppers make better purchases.Write the first review
OUR SKU # XNG1013PermaFLOW No Clog Drain P-Trap is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: PT5021


text:
|By Business Wire
Article Rating:
|January 9, 2013 08:03 AM EST
Microchip Technology Inc. (NASDAQ: MCHP), a leading provider of microcontroller, mixed-signal, analog and Flash-IP solutions, today announced the first and only Wi-Fi® audio connectivity platform—featuring the new JukeBlox® 3.2 platform and software development kit—to support all of the major mobile and PC operating systems along with the DLNA® standard. This includes seamless support for iOS/AirPlay®, Android™, Windows® 8 (mobile and PC), and Mac® in one solution. JukeBlox 3.2 operates on all of Microchip's existing JukeBlox network media processors and modules, and further adds JB Cloud, which enables a compelling new consumer experience by directly streaming cloud-based music services while using mobile devices as remote controls. This eliminates the need for mobile devices to act as servers, where they consume power and must stop the music to take phone calls or support other personal audio functions, freeing them up to be what they were intended to be—personal communication and Internet devices. Additionally, the SDK has expanded whole-home audio functionality via JB MultiZone 2.0, enabling more robust and extensive simultaneous synchronized audio streaming and control to multiple JB-enabled devices in the home.
Because Microchip's JukeBlox Platform is the first wireless audio connectivity platform to provide compatibility with all of the major operating systems and audio-interoperability standards in a comprehensive SDK, it is the best and only complete solution for developers. This platform includes SoCs and modules for Wi-Fi networking and media processing, an application software layer for mobile devices and control interfaces, peripheral interfaces and control, and GUI options. And, it is cost effective enough to enable consumer products that retail for as low as $129.
The new JB Cloud software offers product developers and Internet music service providers a compelling new use case and architecture for enabling direct cloud music service streaming with mobile device control—all managed from the native music service app. This dramatically improves the consumer's in-home experience, enables many more product companies to provide support for the music services, and significantly reduces the support and maintenance for both product companies and service providers, as user control is managed from the service provider's native app.
The JukeBlox Platform's expanded MultiZone 2.0 capability supports all the core technologies needed for compelling whole-home audio applications, including the discovery, pairing, group management, control, streaming and synchronization of any audio input source to multiple JB-enabled devices throughout the home. This high-value feature enables the next generation of interoperability between devices, and potentially across brands, helping consumers realize the full potential of their networked audio products.
"Networked audio is the future of home electronics, and JukeBlox 3.2 is enabling that future, today," said Gene Sheridan, senior vice president and general manager of SMSC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc. "For the first time ever, one wireless audio platform is compatible with iOS, Android and Windows, while enabling a whole-home audio experience with seamless integration of cloud-based music services."
Pricing & Availability
The JukeBlox 3.2 SDK, paired with any JukeBlox network media processor or module, is available today for sampling and volume production. Pricing starts at $12.00 each for Microchip's DM870A Wi-Fi network media processor chipset, combined with the JB3.2 software, in quantities of 25,000 units per year. For more information on Microchip's JukeBlox technology, contact any Microchip sales representative or authorized worldwide distributor, or visit http://www.microchip.com/get/KLB2.
High-res Photo Available Through Flickr or Editorial Contact (feel free to publish): http://www.microchip.com/get/8VWM
Follow Microchip:
- RSS Feed for Microchip Product News: http://www.microchip.com/get/BPDQ
- Twitter: http://www.microchip.com/get/GHXQ
- Facebook: http://www.microchip.com/get/T8N2
- YouTube: http://www.microchip.com/get/3WTM
About Microchip Technology
Microchip Technology Inc. (NASDAQ: MCHP) is a leading provider of microcontroller, mixed-signal, analog and Flash-IP solutions, providing low-risk product development, lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide. Headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, Microchip offers outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality. For more information, visit the Microchip website at http://www.microchip.com/get/WND7.
Note: The Microchip name and logo, and JukeBlox are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.
Tags / Keywords: JukeBlox, music streaming, audio streaming, connectivity solution, network media module, network media processor, media networking, WiFi streaming
Cultural, regulatory, environmental, political and economic (CREPE) conditions over the past decade are creating cross-industry solution spaces that require processes and technologies from both the Internet of Things (IoT), and Data Management and Analytics (DMA). These solution spaces are evolving into Sensor Analytics Ecosystems (SAE) that represent significant new opportunities for organizations of all types. Public Utilities throughout the world, providing electricity, natural gas and water, are pursuing SmartGrid initiatives that represent one of the more mature examples of SAE. We have s...
Nov. 27, 2014 04:00 PM EST Reads: 1,215
The security devil is always in the details of the attack: the ones you've endured, the ones you prepare yourself to fend off, and the ones that, you fear, will catch you completely unaware and defenseless. The Internet of Things (IoT) is nothing if not an endless proliferation of details. It's the vision of a world in which continuous Internet connectivity and addressability is embedded into a growing range of human artifacts, into the natural world, and even into our smartphones, appliances, and physical persons. In the IoT vision, every new "thing" - sensor, actuator, data source, data con...
Nov. 27, 2014 04:00 PM EST Reads: 1,599
How do APIs and IoT relate? The answer is not as simple as merely adding an API on top of a dumb device, but rather about understanding the architectural patterns for implementing an IoT fabric. There are typically two or three trends: Exposing the device to a management framework Exposing that management framework to a business centric logic Exposing that business layer and data to end users. This last trend is the IoT stack, which involves a new shift in the separation of what stuff happens, where data lives and where the interface lies. For instance, it's a mix of architectural styles ...
Nov. 27, 2014 03:00 PM EST Reads: 1,243
The 3rd International Internet of @ThingsExpo, co-located with the 16th International Cloud Expo - to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY - announces that its Call for Papers is now open. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the biggest idea since the creation of the Worldwide Web more than 20 years ago.
Nov. 27, 2014 03:00 PM EST Reads: 893
The Internet of Things is tied together with a thin strand that is known as time. Coincidentally, at the core of nearly all data analytics is a timestamp. When working with time series data there are a few core principles that everyone should consider, especially across datasets where time is the common boundary. In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Jim Scott, Director of Enterprise Strategy & Architecture at MapR Technologies, discussed single-value, geo-spatial, and log time series data. By focusing on enterprise applications and the data center, he will use OpenTSDB as an example t...
Nov. 27, 2014 03:00 PM EST Reads: 1,427
An entirely new security model is needed for the Internet of Things, or is it? Can we save some old and tested controls for this new and different environment? In his session at @ThingsExpo, New York's at the Javits Center, Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, reviewed hands-on lessons with IoT devices and reveal a new risk balance you might not expect. Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, has more than nineteen years' experience managing global security operations and assessments, including a decade of leading incident response and digital forensics. He is co-author of t...
Nov. 27, 2014 01:00 PM EST Reads: 1,626
The Internet of Things will greatly expand the opportunities for data collection and new business models driven off of that data. In her session at @ThingsExpo, Esmeralda Swartz, CMO of MetraTech, discussed how for this to be effective you not only need to have infrastructure and operational models capable of utilizing this new phenomenon, but increasingly service providers will need to convince a skeptical public to participate. Get ready to show them the money!
Nov. 27, 2014 11:00 AM EST Reads: 1,232
The Internet of Things will put IT to its ultimate test by creating infinite new opportunities to digitize products and services, generate and analyze new data to improve customer satisfaction, and discover new ways to gain a competitive advantage across nearly every industry. In order to help corporate business units to capitalize on the rapidly evolving IoT opportunities, IT must stand up to a new set of challenges. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Jeff Kaplan, Managing Director of THINKstrategies, will examine why IT must finally fulfill its role in support of its SBUs or face a new round of...
Nov. 27, 2014 10:00 AM EST Reads: 1,191
One of the biggest challenges when developing connected devices is identifying user value and delivering it through successful user experiences. In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Mike Kuniavsky, Principal Scientist, Innovation Services at PARC, described an IoT-specific approach to user experience design that combines approaches from interaction design, industrial design and service design to create experiences that go beyond simple connected gadgets to create lasting, multi-device experiences grounded in people's real needs and desires.
Nov. 27, 2014 08:00 AM EST Reads: 1,188
Enthusiasm for the Internet of Things has reached an all-time high. In 2013 alone, venture capitalists spent more than $1 billion dollars investing in the IoT space. With "smart" appliances and devices, IoT covers wearable smart devices, cloud services to hardware companies. Nest, a Google company, detects temperatures inside homes and automatically adjusts it by tracking its user's habit. These technologies are quickly developing and with it come challenges such as bridging infrastructure gaps, abiding by privacy concerns and making the concept a reality. These challenges can't be addressed w...
Nov. 27, 2014 07:45 AM EST Reads: 1,483
The Domain Name Service (DNS) is one of the most important components in networking infrastructure, enabling users and services to access applications by translating URLs (names) into IP addresses (numbers). Because every icon and URL and all embedded content on a website requires a DNS lookup loading complex sites necessitates hundreds of DNS queries. In addition, as more internet-enabled 'Things' get connected, people will rely on DNS to name and find their fridges, toasters and toilets. According to a recent IDG Research Services Survey this rate of traffic will only grow. What's driving t...
Nov. 27, 2014 07:00 AM EST Reads: 1,456
Connected devices and the Internet of Things are getting significant momentum in 2014. In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Jim Hunter, Chief Scientist & Technology Evangelist at Greenwave Systems, examined three key elements that together will drive mass adoption of the IoT before the end of 2015. The first element is the recent advent of robust open source protocols (like AllJoyn and WebRTC) that facilitate M2M communication. The second is broad availability of flexible, cost-effective storage designed to handle the massive surge in back-end data in a world where timely analytics is e...
Nov. 27, 2014 06:45 AM EST Reads: 1,294
Scott Jenson leads a project called The Physical Web within the Chrome team at Google. Project members are working to take the scalability and openness of the web and use it to talk to the exponentially exploding range of smart devices. Nearly every company today working on the IoT comes up with the same basic solution: use my server and you'll be fine. But if we really believe there will be trillions of these devices, that just can't scale. We need a system that is open a scalable and by using the URL as a basic building block, we open this up and get the same resilience that the web enjoys.
Nov. 27, 2014 06:45 AM EST Reads: 1,348
We are reaching the end of the beginning with WebRTC, and real systems using this technology have begun to appear. One challenge that faces every WebRTC deployment (in some form or another) is identity management. For example, if you have an existing service – possibly built on a variety of different PaaS/SaaS offerings – and you want to add real-time communications you are faced with a challenge relating to user management, authentication, authorization, and validation. Service providers will want to use their existing identities, but these will have credentials already that are (hopefully) i...
Nov. 27, 2014 04:00 AM EST Reads: 1,185
"Matrix is an ambitious open standard and implementation that's set up to break down the fragmentation problems that exist in IP messaging and VoIP communication," explained John Woolf, Technical Evangelist at Matrix, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held Nov 4–6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Nov. 27, 2014 04:00 AM EST Reads: 1,132
P2P RTC will impact the landscape of communications, shifting from traditional telephony style communications models to OTT (Over-The-Top) cloud assisted & PaaS (Platform as a Service) communication services. The P2P shift will impact many areas of our lives, from mobile communication, human interactive web services, RTC and telephony infrastructure, user federation, security and privacy implications, business costs, and scalability. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Robin Raymond, Chief Architect at Hookflash, will walk through the shifting landscape of traditional telephone and voice services ...
Nov. 26, 2014 02:00 PM EST Reads: 1,583
Explosive growth in connected devices. Enormous amounts of data for collection and analysis. Critical use of data for split-second decision making and actionable information. All three are factors in making the Internet of Things a reality. Yet, any one factor would have an IT organization pondering its infrastructure strategy. How should your organization enhance its IT framework to enable an Internet of Things implementation? In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, James Kirkland, Chief Architect for the Internet of Things and Intelligent Systems at Red Hat, described how to revolutioniz...
Nov. 24, 2014 07:00 PM EST Reads: 1,704
Bit6 today issued a challenge to the technology community implementing Web Real Time Communication (WebRTC). To leap beyond WebRTC's significant limitations and fully leverage its underlying value to accelerate innovation, application developers need to consider the entire communications ecosystem.
Nov. 24, 2014 12:00 PM EST Reads: 1,598
The definition of IoT is not new, in fact it's been around for over a decade. What has changed is the public's awareness that the technology we use on a daily basis has caught up on the vision of an always on, always connected world. If you look into the details of what comprises the IoT, you'll see that it includes everything from cloud computing, Big Data analytics, "Things," Web communication, applications, network, storage, etc. It is essentially including everything connected online from hardware to software, or as we like to say, it's an Internet of many different things. The difference ...
Nov. 24, 2014 11:00 AM EST Reads: 1,723
Cloud Expo 2014 TV commercials will feature @ThingsExpo, which was launched in June, 2014 at New York City's Javits Center as the largest 'Internet of Things' event in the world.
Nov. 24, 2014 09:00 AM EST Reads: 1,756


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Jan. 3, 1961 B. KAUL PUNCH AND DIE FOR COLD SHAPING OF STEEL Filed March 29, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. 4 a! KAN/1. I y
ATTOAAIIIJ Jan. 3, 1961 B. KAUL.
PUNCH AND DIE FOR cow SHAPING OF STEEL I Filed March 29, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR BEA/ ff/QUL 2,966,987 PUNCH AND DIE FOR cow SHAPING OF STEEL Filed March-29, 1956 B. KAUL Jan. 3, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Tl: L S
ATTOAA II'J 1 4 m A B I f/ 4 l A.\ P. v \4 w PUNCH AND DIE FOR COLD SHAPING OF STEEL Ben Kan], Warren, Ohio, assignor to American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Mar. 29, 1956, Ser. No. 574,883
3 Claims. (Cl. 207--6) This invention relates to the cold shaping of steel and more particularly to the cold working of steel from a solid blank, such as might be cut from bar stock, into a cup-shaped member having tubular side walls and a central stem extending upwardly from the bottom wall a substantial height; for example, at least the height of the side walls of the cup.
It is an object of this invention to provide a process for cold forming the article described above in a manner such as to produce a very sound article which requires a minimum amount of machining.
A further object of the invention is to provide a process for cold forming an article such as described above in a manner such as to develop the required hardnesssubstantially uniformly throughout the article by cold working the metal of the blank.
A further object of the invention resides in the provision of novel punch and die structures for producing a cup-shaped article having a central upstanding stem.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the starting blank used for forming the cup-shaped article of this invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing a die arrangement employed for carrying out the first step of my process.
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 and showing the initial stages of the step illustrated in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the die arrangement employed for performing the second step of my process.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are diagrammatic sectional views showing successive steps employed in reducing the diameter of the stem formed on the cup.
Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the die arrangement employed for forwardly extruding the cup formed by the operation illustrated in Fig. 6. v
Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing the die arrangement employed for performing the last step in the cold shaping of the cup.
Figs. 10 through 13 are diagrammatic sectional views showing variations in the shape of the cup produced by differently shaped punches and dies in performing the operation illustrated in Fig. 2.
Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the cup produced by the operation shown in Fig. 2 and showing the pattern of the grain flow lines therein.
In forming the cup-shaped article in accordance with the method and apparatus of the present invention, the starting blank comprises a solid slug 10 of steel cut from bar stock, preferably plain carbon steel in the low or medium carbon range, that is, from ingot iron up to about S.A.E. 1040. In the starting blank 10 shown in Fig. 1, the diameter is greater than the thickness of the blank. Blank 10 is dimensioned so that the approximate volume of metal in the finished article is provided in the blank Tee and the dimensions are proportioned so that in the proc ess of cold shaping this blank into the finished article, the required hardness of the final article will have been developed substantially uniformly throughout the article by reason of cold working the steel in a controlled manner through a series of successive steps.
The first step in cold shaping the blank 10 into the finished cup-shaped article having the upstanding central stem is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. This step is in the nature of a rearward extrusion operation. The blank 10, shown in broken lines in Fig. 2, is placed within a die 12 having a cavity 14 closed at its lower end by a central die post 16 which also serves as a knock-out pin. Adjacent its lower end, cavity 14 is provided with an annular inwardly tapering shoulder 18 which terminates in an annular rounded groove 20. The punch 22 has a cylindrical pilot portion 24 and a cylindrical free end portion 26 connected with the pilot portion 24 by a shoulder 28. Punch 22 is also provided with an axially extending central opening 32 which extends to the leading end face 34 of the punch. Face 34 is connected with the axial opening in the punch by a rounded corner portion 36 and with the side wall of the punch by a rounded corner portion 38. The corner portion 36, and preferably the corner portion 38 are each formed of two different radii, the larger radius being tangent to the leading end face 34 of the punch and the smaller radius merging with the larger radius and being slightly non-tangent to the side walls of the punch and the axial opening 32, respectively. A punch formation of this type is shown and described in my copending application Serial No. 161,760, filed May 13, 1950, now Patent No. 2,748,932, which issued on June 5, 1956. Forming the rounded corner at the leading end of the punch in this manner serves to eliminate or reduce friction between the rearwardly extruding metal and the side walls of the punch and of the opening 32. As explained more in detail in my copending application, by forming the corners 36 and 38 in this manner, the metal below the leading end face of the punch flows upwardly away from the side walls of the punch and the opening 32 so that actually, the bore 40 of the cup 42 has a diameter greater than the leading end 26 of the punch and the stem 44 has a diameter less than the diameter of axial opening 32.
Fig. 3 illustrates the start of the operation which is shown completed in Fig. 2. Die post 16 is a knockout pin; and at the start of the operation, die post 16 is in an elevated position, having knocked out the piece previously shaped in the die. The blank 19 is positioned on the knockout post; and as the punch moves down on the blank 10, this knockout post also moves downwardly, holding the blank 10 horizontally disposed. As the lower corner of the blank contacts the annular shoulder 18 of the die, that is, the position shown in broken lines in Fig. 2, the blank centers itself in the die. The punch 22 contacts blank 10 after the blank is thus centered in the die, and cocking of the blank in the die is thus prevented. The end face 34 of the punch has a slight conical formation. Thus, it tapers slightly upwardly towards the center from the corner 38 around the outer edge of the punch to the corner 36 around the edge of opening 32. The degree of inclination of end face 34 is determined primarily by the required height of the central stem of the work piece. In a work piece having the proportions shown in the drawings, the end face 34 is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of about 2 /2 degrees. The end face 46 of die post 16 is inclined reversely to the end ward direction.
with the groove 20 at the lower end ofthe die cavity. Shoulder 48 defines an annular ridge or zone 50 on the end face 46 of die post 16, and ridge 50 in turn defines the periphery of the dish-shaped portion of the end face of the die post. Thus, the portion of face 46 encircled by the ridge 50 is inclined downwardly towards the center and preferably at the same angle as the inclination of the face 34 of punch 22. In the particular arrangement illustrated, end face 46 is inclined downwardly to the face34beginsto taper upwardly and inwardly in effect forms a ridge which cooperates with the ridge St on the die post 16 to form a circumferentially extending trap which restrictsthe flow of metal in a radially out- When the punch 22 is driven downwardly, the metal between the end face 34 of the punch and the dished surface 46 of the die post flows freer in a direction towards the center of the punch than in an outwardly direction because of the metal trap formed between the annular zones 50 and 52. Some of the metal will, of course, escape and flow radially outwardly until the gap betweenthe annular zones 50 and '52 is sufficiently closed to make the resistance to outward flow through this gap 'substant'ally greater than the resistance to metal flow towards the center of the punch. The metal thus trapped is rendered available for the formaition of the central stem of the finished article. As the punch is driven downwardly, a greater portion of the metal between the annular zones 50 and 52 is directed by the inclined faces'46 and 34 in the radially inward directlon. ThIs metal is directed upwardly around the corner 36 of the punch into the axial opening 32. As mentioned previously, the shape of corner 36 is controlled so that the diameter of the stem 44 thus formed is less than the diameter of the opening 32; and the stem portion 44 is thus formed without encountering friction between the upwardly flowing metal and the side wall of opening 32. p p b A portion of the metal between the end face of the punch and die post fiows radially outwardly and the blank is thus expanded into contact with the wall of die cavity 14 including the shoulder 18 and 'thegroove 2% to thus completely fill the lower end of the die cavity. As the punch 22 continues its downward movement, the metal extrudes upwardly around the rounded corner 38 to form the annular side wall 54 of cup- 42. The bottom wall 56 of the cup has the tapered cross section illustrated in Fig. 2; and around its outer periphery, it is provided with the annular boss 58. The annular shoulder portion 6% connects the side wall 54 with the boss 58 and the bottom wall 56. At the center of the bottom face of bottom wall 56, a slight dimple or indentation 62 is formed. This dimple results from the flow of metal upwardly into stem 44.
In forming a cup-shaped article with an upstanding central stem by cold extrusion, the operation illustrated in Fi s. 2 and 3 is a very important one; and the shape of the end faces of punch 22 and die post 16 must be controlled so as to produce a central stem such as shown at 44 of sufiicient volume to thereafter form the stem of the finished article of the required length and diameter. The proportion of metal that is flowed radiallyinwardly and upwardly into stem 44 is determinedby the angular inclination of end faces 34 and 46 and by the diameter of the annular zones 50 and 52. If the diameter of the zones 50 and 52 or the angular inclination of the faces 34 and 36 are reduced, a greater proportion of themetal between the end faces of the punch andknockout post 16 will be permitted to flow in a radially outward direction; and thus, the resulting central stem 44 would be shorter in height.
The effect of specific variations in the shapes of the end faces of punch 22 and die post 16 on the height of the center stern of the cup is illustrated generally in Figs. 10 through 13. More specifically, these figures show the difference in the relative heights of the center stem and the side wall of the cup produced by the same size slug by varying theshapes of the end faces of the punch and the die post. Fig. 10, for example, shows the cup produced when the end faces of both the punch and the die post, faces 34a and 46a, respectively, are fiat, that is, normal to the vertical axis of the punch. The cup 42a thus formed has a bottom wall 56a of generally uniform thickness except at the center stem 44a thereof. Since the faces 34a and 46a are fiat as the punch moves doWnwardly into the blank, the metal flows freely in a radially outward direction; and the center stem 44a thus formed is very short.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 11, the dievpost has a flat face 46b while the leading end face 34b 'of the punchisslightly conically shaped. With this arrangement, the face 34b of the punch tends to flow some of the metal in the blank radially inwardly and the cup 42b thus formed has a center stem 44b which is slightly greater in height than stem 44a. The side wall 54b of cup 4217 is slightly shorter than the side wall 54a of cup 42g. A center stem having generally the same height as stem 44b would also result if the face 34b of thepunch were made flat and theface 46b of the die post were conicallyshaped to the same extent as face 34b.
, .Fig.-l2 shows anarrangement similar to that shown in Fig; 2 wherein the end faces 34c and 46c are both conically shaped. In this case, the center stem 440 of the cup 420 thus formed is very substantially greater than the center stern 44b and the side wall 540 is shorter in height than the side wall 54b. In this arrangement, there is a very definite metal trap formed between the annular zones 52a anditilnand this, as explained above, causes a very substantial portion of the metal in the blank to flow in a radially inward direction and then axially upwardly into stem44c.
Comparing Fig. 13 with Fig. 12 it will be noted that the, inclination of the end faces 34d and-46d is substantially greater than the inclination of the faces 34c and 460.. As these. angles increase, a greater portion of the metal in theblank is caused to flow radially inwardly and then axially upwardly so that the stem 44d. of, the
cup 42d thus formed is. substantially greater in height than the stem 44c and the side Wall 54d of cup 42d is shorter in height than the side wall 54c of cup 420.
I That the metal radially inwardly of thezones 50 and 52 is in effect trapped is evidenced by the grain flow lines in the rearwardly extruded cup 42. In Fig. 14, these grain flow lines are generally illustrated. .In the side wall 54 and the center stem 4-4, the grain flow lines are uniformly parallel with the axis of the cup. In the bottom wall 56 of the cup, the grain flow lines at the zones 50a and 52a are distorted and divided. From the zones 50a, 52a, the grain flow lines extend radially outwardly and upwardly around the outer corner 58 of the cup and extend radially inwardly towards the center of the cup and upwardly around the corner 36a into stem 44.
Comparing Figs. 2 and 9, it will be observed that stem '44 resulting from the operations shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is greater in diameter but less in height than the stem 64 of the finished article 66. The size of stem 44 must be calculated with several factors in mind. To begin with, the height and diameter of stem 44 must be such as to provide a volume suff cient to produce the height and diameter ofth e finished stem 64. At the same time,
the diameter of stem 44 mustbe sufficiently large so that the pressures required to form the stem are less than the strengths of the tool steels employed for forming the die and punch components so as to avoid splitting of the punch, etc.
In forming the cup 42 illustrated in Fig. 2, portions of the metal have been stressed to a value approaching the yield point of the steel. Thus, before the cup 42 can be subjected to further cold working, it must be annealed to relieve these stresses and render the metal in the cup relatively soft again. Therefore, the relative dimensions of stem 44 must also be calculated such that upon further cold working of this stem to reduce it to the diameter of the stem 64 and to increase the height thereof as required, the hardness produced by the subsequent cold working should be such as to produce the same hardness in the stem 64 as the hardness produced by cold work in other portions of the finished article 66.
As pointed out above, after the operation illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, blank 42 is annealed. Since the particular work piece illustrated requires a fiat bottom wall of generally uniform thickness, the next step in the operation resides in the straightening out of the tapered configuration of the bottom wall, the configuration necessarily resulting from the formation of the central stem 44. This operation is carried out in the manner and with the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4. This apparatus includes a die 70 provided with a die cavity portion 72 which is of greater diameter than the outer diameter of the side wall 54 of cup 42. The lower portion of die cavity portion 72 is fashioned with an internally tapered shoulder 74 which terminates in a cavity portion 76 of less diameter than the cavity portion 72. The lower end of cavity portion 76 is defined by a fiat bottom wall 78, the center portion of which is provided by the flat end face 80 of a knockout pin 82. The punch 84 is fashioned with a pilot portion having a cylindrical side wall 86 dimensioned to have a close fit with the cylindrical side wall of the cavity portion 72. Punch 84 is fashioned with a cylindrical end portion 88 having a diameter substantially the same or only slightly greater than the diameter of bore 40 of cup 42. A tapered shoulder 90 connects the side wall 86 of the piot portion of the punch with the side wall 92 of the cylindrical leading end portion 88 of the punch.
The cup formation 42 is inserted in the cavity of die 70 so that the annular shoulder 60 of cup 42 seats upon the annular shoulder 74 in die 70. Punch 84 is then driven downwardly. The axial opening 94 in punch 84 has substantially the same diameter as the axial opening 32 of punch 22. Thus, stem 44 telescopes into opening 94 to permit the fiat end face 96 of the punch to contact the bottom wall 56 of cup 42. As the punch continues to move downwardly, the end face 96 of punch 84 tends to flatten out the bottom wall 56 of cup 42; and the annular boss 58 of cup 42 is compressed against the bottom wall 78 of cavity portion 76. A portion of the metal in annular boss 58 flows radially inwardly to thicken the bottom wall 98 of the cup 100 thus formed so that the bottom wall 98 is substantially fiat and of uniform thickness. At the same time, however, a portion of the metal in annular boss 58 is extruded upwardly between the side wall 92 of the punch and the side wall of cavity portion 76; and the annular shoulder 18a is bodily moved upwardly in the die cavity. However, the upper end portion of side wall 54 of cup 42 is contacted and expanded by the tapered portion 90 of the punch so that the side wall 102 of the cup formed by the operation illustrated in Fig. 4 fiares outwardly as shown.
In reshaping the bottom wall by the operation shown in Fig. 4, it will be seen that the bottom wall 98 of cup 100 is thickened and flattened as compared with the bottom wall 56 of cup 42 and that a portion of the metal is extruded upwardly. The operation illustrated in Fig. 4 does not appreciably alter the height of stem 44. However, the bottom wall 98 and the extruded lower end portion 104 of the side wall are cold workedsubstantially so that the hardness thereof is increased to substatitially the hardness required of the finished work piece. In the subsequent operations, these two portions of the work piece are not further cold worked to any appreciable extent.
The operation shown in Figs. 5 and 6 are performed solely for the purpose of reducing the diameter and increasing the height of the center stem 44. The apparatus utilized for this purpose includes a die block 106 having a'locating or gage ring 108 thereon for accurately positioning the work piece. The punch 110 shown in Fig. 5 has an axial central opening 112 which connects with the flat end face 114 with a nicely rounded corner portion 116. The diameter of punch 110 is dimensioned to have a nice fit in work piece 100. However, the central axial opening 112 is slightly smaller in diameter than the axial opening 94 of punch 84. When the punch 110 is driven downwardly into the cup 100, the rounded corner 116 of the punch engages thestem 44 to reduce the diameter thereof and thereby effect an elongation of the stem. In this operation, in view of the elasticity of the metal, the punch 110 cold works the metal in the stem on the down stroke and also on the up stroke of the punch. Thus, the axial opening 112 is relieved slightly as at 113. On the up stroke of the punch, the central stem is also stretched slightly. The arrangement shown in Fig. 6 is identical with that shown in Fig. 5 with the exception, however, that the punch 118 has a central axial opening 124) which is slightly smaller in diameter than the opening 112 of punch 110. Opening 120 is relieved as at 121. Thus, the operation shown in Fig. 6 further reduces the diameter and increases the length of the central stem of the work piece. It will be appreciated, of course, that the change in dimensions of the central stem between Figs. 5 and 6 can be effected through several stern reducing operations rather than a single operation. The stem of the cup shown in Fig. 6 has been reduced to the desired diameter and no further reduction in cross section is thereafter made. However, in order to effect this reduction in the cross section of stem 44, it is necessary that the corner portions 116 and 116a of the punches 110 and 118, respectively have a fairly large radius. If this radius is larger than desired in the finished work piece, the cup shown in Fig. 6 can be subjected to the operation shown in Fig. 7 wherein the work piece is seated in a die 124 and cold worked by a punch 126. Punch 126 has a central axial opening 128 of substantially the same size as the opening 120, 121 of punch 118. However, the rounded corner 130 which connects the axial opening 128 with the flat end face 132 of the punch has a radius substantially smaller than the corner portion 116a. Thus, in the operation shown in Fig. 7, the configuration of the central stem 64 where it connects with the bottom Wall of the article is made to conform with that required of the finished work piece. This operation results in a very slight increase in the height of the stem. Upon completion of the operation shown in Fig. 7, the stem has been shaped to the dimensions required in the finished work piece.
The work piece is now in condition for thinning down the thickened wall portion 102 to the thickness of the previously extruded wall portion 104. This is accomplished by means of a forward extrusion operation illustrated in Fig. 8 wherein the die is designated 136 and the punch as 138. Die 136 is fashioned with a die cavity, the upper portion of which has an enlarged cylindrical wall 140 and the lower portion is of smaller diameter and defined by a cylindrical wall 142. Intermediate the walls 140 and 142, the die cavity is provided with a tapered shoulder 144. The diameter of the cavity portion defined by wall 142 corresponds to the outer diameter of the article shown in Fig. 7 at the extruded wall portion 104 thereof and the diameter of the cavity portion defined by wall 140 corresponds generally to the outer diameter of the thickened wall portion 102 at the upper end thereof. The lower end of the die cavity is provided "direction than in another.
- f7 w tha ve n knoc u n- 4$- Punch as-r pilot portion 148 having asliding lit with the cavity pordon-14d. At the lower end of thepilot portion 148, there is provided an abrupt shoulder 1 50;. Shoulder 1501connects with the leading end 152 of the punch by a tapered shoulder 154. The leading end 152 of the punch has a diameter which corresponds to the inside diameter of the article shown in Fig. 7 at the zone of the extruded wall 104. The configuration of the portion 154 of the punch is determined by the shape of the work piece. In the illustrated arrangement portion 154 is conical.
In the forward extrusion operation, the cup 100 is inserted in the cavity of die 136 and allowed to position itself such that the shoulder 18a comes to rest against the extrusion shoulder 144 of the die cavity. The punch 138 which is provided with a vent 156 and with the axial opening 158 to accommodate the stem 64 is driven down- Wardly into the cup 1% to a position wherein the shoulder 150 abuts against the upper edge 1450 of cup 100 and the shoulder 154 engages against the inner surfaceof wall 102 adjacent the upper portion thereof. Continueddownward movement of punch 138 results in a compression andsqueezing of the metal in wall portion 102 and the forward extrusion of this metal throughthe orifice defined hetween the cylindrical wall 142 of the die cavity and the side wall of the punch at the .end 152 thereof. The cup 160 is thus transformed into the cup 162 having a side wall portion of substantially uniform thickness except for the upper portion thereof. The forward extrusion of the metal in the side wall portion 102 results in considerable cold work. The dimensions of the cup are calculated through the various steps shown so that after the cup is forwardly extruded as shown in Fig. 8, the hardness thereof is substantially uniform throughout the walls and the central stem of the cup.
The particular work piece shown herein is for use on an aircraft propeller which requires rigid inspection both as to size and as to flaws in the metal. Fig. 9 illustrates a restriking operation for accurately sizing the article. In this operation, the die employed is designated 164 and the punch as 5.66. The lower portion 168 of the die cavity and the lower portion 170 of the punch are sized to correspond with the required inner and outer diameters of cup 162. However, the upper portion of the die cavity and the upper portion of punch 166 are flared outwardly as at 172 and 174, respectively, so that theupper side wall portion of cup 162 is expanded slightly as at 176. If there are any hidden seams in the material, they will be opened up by the operation illustrated in Fig. 9.
Thus, itwill be seen that I have provided ,a method of cold working a solid steel blank in a novel manner .to produce an article having an integral axially extending central stem. The method involves the cold working of steel in a manner such that the flow of metal iscontrolled by restricting or looking certain areas of the blank so that the metal will flow more freely in one Furthermore, it will be observed that the method described herein involves the cold working of a solid steel blank in a manner such that the required uniform hardness of the blank is developed solely by cold working the metal in progressive portions of the blank to the same degree. In connection with controlling the direction in which the metal is permitted to flow, it will he further observed that this is effected by a novel punch and dieapparatus, the configuration of which can be varied to suit the size and shape requirements of the finished article and particularly the diameter and the height of the central upstanding stem.
Although in the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the central stem of the article is shown as extending upwardly from the bottom wall of a cup, it
will be appreciated that the principle disclosed herein of locking certain areas of the blankso that the metal will flow more freely in one direction than in another ,can be applied to diferently shaped work pieces. For
examp e, th ce a .ially downwardly stem chuld be made to extend ,axfrom" the bottom wall of the cup'o r th e'central stem could also belmade to extend axially in opposite directions'fro'm the bottom wall ofthe cup. Generally speaking, it may be stated that byemploying the reverse angles on the punch and the die or the knockout post of the die, a central stem 'may .be caused to project axially from either one or both faces of any disc-like work piece whether it has side walls or not.
I claim:
l. A punch and die apparatus for use in cold forming a solid steel blank into a cup-shaped article having a relatively thin side wall as compared with the diameter of the cup-shaped article and a central stem of relatively small diameter as compared with the diameter of the cup-shaped article extending upwardly from the bottom wall of the cup-shaped article a distance equal to at least the height of the side wall thereof which comprises a die having a cavity dimensioned and shaped to receive the solid steel'blank and a punch provided with a leading end face, said" punch throughout its active extruding axial length having an outside diameter that provides clearance between said outside diameter and the die cavity when said punch is in said die cavity for receiving the extruded side walls of said cup, means for leading end face, said central bore having a diameter relatively small as compared with the diameter of the leading end face and said leading end face having a diameter only slightly smaller than the transverse dimension of the die cavity, the die cavity being open at its upper end to receive the punch and having means forming a closed bottom wall at the lower end thereof, the leading end face of the punch having the major portion of its area upwardly concave and conically shaped, the outer periphery of the conically shaped portion of the leading end face being spaced radially inwardly a relatively short distance of the side wall of the punch and being connected with the side wall of the punch by a rounded corner portion, said rounded corner portion being concentric with and located closely adjacent the side wall of the cavity when the punch is inserted in the die cavity so that the vast majority of the top face of the solid blank is engaged by the conically shaped portion of said leading end face when the punch is driven downwardly into the die cavity, the bottom wall of the die cavity being downwardly concave and generally conically shaped, the outer peripheries of the concavities at the leading end face of the punch and the lower end of the 'die cavity being generally axially aligned whereby to form therebetween and adjacent the rounded corner on the punch a zone of restriction relative to the metal in the blank disposed radially inwardly of said peripheries of the concavities; whereby, when said punch is driven into said die cavity against a blank previously loaded in said die cavity, said blank is extruded up around the outside of said punch and up within said central axial bore, and the opposing concave portions of said punchand said die cavity act to retard work metal and urge the same inwardly to said central axial bore thus making the central stern of the finished product longer thancould be effected without shoulder tapering in a direction radially outwardly and upwardly toward the open end of the die cavity.
3. A punch and die arrangement as called for in claim 2 wherein the outer periphery cf the lower end of the .die cavity. is defined by'an annular groove spaced radially outwardly from the outer periphery of the concavity in the bottom wall of the die, said groove extending axially downwardly a distance greater than the depth of said last mentioned concavity.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Potter May 30, 1893 Kaub Aug. 1, 1905 Ehrhardt Apr. 30, 1912 Rateike Sept. 20, 1927 Singer Apr. 28, 1931 Kipperman et a1. June 6, 1939 Greene Mar. 18, 1941 10 Price Nov. 2, 1943 Hoern Nov. 23, 1943 Criley Mar. 21, 1944 Stern Sept. 19, 1944 Jongedyk Dec. 12, 1950 Strock Jan. 31, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Sept. 17, 1935 Netherlands Oct. 15, 1940 Germany May 22, 1926 Germany Mar. 10, 1939 Germany June 26, 1952
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
First of all, Happy Birthday to my sister Reesa. Just for the record she is my older sister by 5 years. She lives in North Carolina and is a jewelry artist. I have many of her pieces and they always get compliments from others.
This afternoon I went to DT's house and played scrabble. It was an interesting game. First of all she has her adult daughter living with her temporarily until Xmas when she will move back to Boston. Her house will be finished by then. Her husband commutes every weekend from Boston to Milwaukee,. Her husbands company wants him back in Boston at the home office and not in the field. So DT's moved in with mom and step-dad after their house was sold. DT's daughter has a set of 14 month old twins (boy and girl) and a 5 year old daughter. So when we got there we set both babies off because we were strangers. B got them to stop crying and she was able to settle them down in their crib for a nap. She and the 5 year old went for a play date while Mommy went to a parent-teacher conference at the school where S is still attending. The babies really slept well and didn't wake up until about 20 minutes prior to B coming back home. Then LT came in. She is the adult child of DT husbands first marriage. She is 40 but on the level of a 16 year old. So she played with the babies while we finished the game. I don't know if I could handle all those people in my house for such a long time. But my friend DT is thriving with the noise and commotion and the mess. It was nice to come home to the quiet.
The game sucked for me. DT did very well and won all three games. I guess she used to the noise and tumult. I kept picking 1 point tiles and so I think I got the lowest score ever in Scrabble. lol lol
Tonite I made Red Hot Fusilli which was a featured recipe on SP. It was fantastic. Its a keeper and I will make it often. Its a 6 point meal for Weight Watchers people.
Food, exercise and water great for the day.
This afternoon I lead another group through the Jewish Museum of Milwaukee. These were 5th graders from a Jewish Orthodox girls school. I really had to think quickly on my feet because their Jewish knowledge is far greater than mine. So I asked them questions and stayed away from Hebrew and Torah information. I told them stories about my childhood and my grandparents immigration to America. I also asked them about their grandparents immigration to the US and got them talking about their heritage. It was a great group and we ended very much on time.
This evening I have a conference call for Region Sisterhood at 8:00 p.m.
My DH went to the Bucks basketball game with his buddy GT. So the house is very quiet tonite.
Watching "Dancing with the Stars" and enjoying Maya waltzing with her partner.
Food, exercise, water excellent all day
Sent out the invitations for our celebration and getting responses already. Getting excited about the event
Spent all day in my PJ's, but I must admit I did make the bed. Compulsive I guess.
Read Edgar Sawtelle and almost done
food great, walked 10K and drank my water.
Tomorrow we are going to send out our invitation by e-mail for our big celebration. My cousin Enid and my DH and I are celebrating together at Sabbath services on December 26th at our synagogue. We are hosting the very nice luncheon after the services for family and friends. Enid will be celebrating her 65th birthday and my DH and I will be celebrating our 50th anniversary. Our children and grandchildren are coming in from Illinois and Western Wisconsin. The next day Enid and her DH and my DH and I are leaving very early for Costa Rica to meet our other family members who are already vacationing there.
Today has been a great morning for catching up on Sparkpoints, spark mail and just hanging around. Soon, I will get off the computer and show and dress for our date with two other couples to go to the Sunset Theatre. We are seeing "Death Trap" which I believe is a murder mystery. It should be good.
We will be eating dinner at a local restaurant and I am sure that I will make good choices when I get there. I will have a granola bar in my purse so if I am hungry when I get out of the theatre I will curb my appetite with that.
tomorrow will be a very relaxing day since nothing is planned at all. My DH will watch the Green Bay Packers, and I will watch some pre taped shows or read. I picked up "The Lost Symbol" at TJ Maxx at a very good price so I am anxious to finish what I have and read that.


text:
Sunset Motel
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this motel rated in the past?
- Swimming pool
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Free parking
Travelers also recommend:
- More recommendations
TripAdvisor Reviews Sunset Motel Lee
Travel Blogs from Lee
"Massachusets" Bee Gees
... polite and friendly .............
"What a difference a day makes" Dinah Washington
Sunday 5 October 2014
Yesterday was ruined by constant, heavy rain. Today couldn't have been any more different - beautiful bright blue skies all day accompanied by crisp temperatures. Marvellous!
In-house blow-out breakfast courtesy of the Super 8 and we zoomed off towards the Mohawk Valley and the Berkshires. This is rural ...
Home safe and sound.
... party for us. Everything was delicious. We are thankful for such good friends.
When we arrived home, our whole family came to help us celebrated with pizza and wings.
Our grandsons came the next day to help us unpack. This was very much appreciated.
The end ...
... Champlain. We parked up unbeknownst to us at a YMCA camp. The walk was beautiful as we trekked along the rocky shoreline of the lake, with the calm waters and green hills of New York State as the perfect backdrop. We didn't see much wildlife, only hundreds of dragonflies and ants the size of wasps. Afterwards we hit the road for the long drive down through Vermont, New York State and Massachusetts towards our hotel at Great Barrington. The road was ...
Nite-Ize review
... reliable......and BRIGHT! No surprise here, this company has proven to us they can light up a path, a cliff climb, or a boulder field - what ever we have hiked through, we do not need to worry about light output - this company delivers great light output! The light has a unique placement for the charger input, you twist the top to expose it, then after charging, you twist ...
Bugs, trail magic, cooler weather!
"Mountains have a way of dealing with overconfidence." -- Nemann Buhl Monday, July 14 2014 The morning started off.....bad to say the least. A liter of water leaked from my Platypus water bladder, all over my tent/pack/sleeping pad/and soaked everything in my pack. We tried to wiped everything down, then packed up. I weighed my pack .... 42 pounds. That made the day worse. We ate breakfast with everyone that was left at the shelter, this was the best part of the ...


text:
1st Class Private, Q. M. C. Born in Onslow County; the son of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Kellum. Entered the service Feb. 4, 1918, at Durham, N.C. Was sent to Ft. Scriven, Ga., and from there to Washington, D. C. Transferred to Camp Merritt, Hoboken, N. J., and to Newport News, Va., then to Porto Rico. Was sent from Porto Rico to Balboy, Canal Zone, from there to Gattun, Canal Zone. Was in charge of Q. M. C. boats during the war. Boats were J. W. McKey, Convoy Q. M. No. 1, and the Buck. Had charge of all the Q. M. C. boats on Panama Canal during the war. Left Panama April 10, 1919. Landed at New Orleans April 18, 1919. Was sent from there to Camp Shelby. Mustered out at Camp Jackson, S. C., April 27, 1919.
J. A. Kellum
MLA Source Citation:AccessGenealogy.comNorth Carolina World War 1 Military Records. AccessGenealogy.com. Web. 24 November 2014. http://www.accessgenealogy.com/north-carolina/j-a-kellum.htm - Last updated on Nov 11th, 2011
Categories: Military, North Carolina
Topics: World War 1
Locations: Onslow County NC
Surnames: Kellum
Contribute to the Conversation!
Our "rules" are simple. Keep the conversation on subject and mind your manners! If this is your first time posting, we do moderate comments before we let them appear... so give us a while to get to them. Once we get to know you here, we'll remove that requirement.
You must be logged in to post a comment.


text:
Details: Free Shipping on order of 2 Mushroom Kit.
New • Add a Comment
Details: 10% discount from www.themushroomkit.com
54% Success • 9 Comments
2 years ago by Anonymous
2 years ago by Anonymous
2 years ago by Anonymous
2 years ago by Anonymous
2 years ago by Anonymous
Details: Get Free Shipping on 2 Mushroom Kits
33% Success • Add a Comment
Details: Get 20% Off Home Aquaponics Garden Fish Tank When You Preorder Now Plus Free Shipping
38% Success • Add a Comment
Save an average of $3 with 4 coupon codes & deals for themushroomkit.com. Back To The Roots is engaged in Grow-Your –Own –Mushroom business that allows gourmet mushrooms at the convenience of your home. You can let it grow indoors and grows crops within 10 days just follow the 3 easy steps, open, mist and harvest. Order online now! In as little as $19.95 you can support the youth sustainability education.
Show More
Never miss a deal.
Be the first to know.
Plus get our best deals in our email newsletter. Privacy Policy
Show more popular stores
RetailMeNot Coupons AppSave on-the-go with deals from your favorite stores
Deal AlertsGet our best offers & never miss a deal
Be SocialConnect with us on Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus
The Real Deal BlogA daily dose of fresh news, trending topics and best buys
Submit a CouponShare the love! Submit a coupon you've found
©2010 - 2014 RetailMeNot Inc. All rights reserved. Site Map | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy
RetailMeNot is a registered trademark of RetailMeNot, Inc. Merchant trademarks are the property of the respective merchant and their presence does not necessarily mean that RetailMeNot, Inc has an affiliation with the merchant.


text:
Target yanks farmed salmon, will only sell wild Alaska salmon
By Alan Septoff
January 27, 2010
This is great news for Bristol Bay, and the fisherfolk and communities that rely upon it.
Tagged with: no dirty gold, bristol bay, pebble, golden rules, salmon, target
Big court victory for Canadians, Canada's environment
By Alan Septoff
January 22, 2010
Canada's Supreme Court rules that federal government, industry can't avoid rigorous environmental analysis of mine proposals through administrative chicanery.
Tagged with: canada, miningwatch canada, nepa, eis
Mountaintop removal on the Colbert Report
By Alan Septoff
January 19, 2010
"That's why when I go to the dentist, I have him remove my teeth through the top of my head."
(video after the jump)
Tagged with: coal, mountaintop removal
Gwen Lachelt talks fracking on NPR's Science Friday
By Alan Septoff
January 8, 2010
Today on NPR's Science Friday our Gwen Lachelt and industry's Kathleen Sgamma discussed hydraulic fracturing with Ira Flatow.
You can download the audio file here.
Tagged with: fracking, hydraulic fracturing, ira flatow, science friday
New Interior oil & gas drilling policy is encouraging
By Cathy Carlson
January 7, 2010
EARTHWORKS applauds the Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and Bureau of Land Management Director Bob Abbey for their initiative to bring balance to the Nation s oil and gas program . For the past decade, there was an unprecedented run on the federal lands by big energy companies, securing oil and gas leases at bargain basement prices and speculating on the federal estate at the expense of the taxpayer and other resources.
Tagged with: drilling, blm, interior department, ken salazar, bob abbey
Page 127 of 134 pages ‹ First < 125 126 127 128 129 > Last ›


text:
Steve Madden
$78.95 $24.90
Final sale
This metallic canvas sneaker sits atop a thick rubber platform, with pewter studs decorating the toe. We love the tall sneaker trend matched with edgy studs for a fun urban-chic style.
- Canvas upper with a rubber platform and fabric-coated sole.
- Pewter studs.
- Lace-up.
- 1.5" platform.


text:
Don't Miss
- Who made my FWAA All-American ballot in 2014
- Wife Knows Best: Week 13 College Football Picks
- How your team will or will not win its conference or division
- Episode 153 – Doug Flutie on the Hail Flutie, Heisman Trophy race, playoffs and the Capital One Cup
- Don't look now, but Boise State is now biggest threat to Marshall
- Heisman Watch: Wisconsin's Melvin Gordon ready for B1G Heisman Showdown
- Episode 152 – Previewing Wisconsin-Nebraska
- Wife Knows Best: Week 12 College Football Picks
- McGuire Metric and College Football Playoff Contenders
- Video Mailbag: Hot seats for Hoke and Muschamp, SEC getting two playoff spots and a What If for Michigan State
College football highlight video, Week 11
- Updated: November 13, 2012
Subscribe to the No 2-Minute Warning YouTube Channel.
Follow No 2-Minute Warning on Twitter @No2MinWarning, Google+ and Like No 2-Minute Warning on Facebook.
← Previous Story Election Day tweets from college football fans


text:
Welcome to the inaugural post of the Playful Parent! WPPL's Youth Services collection includes many great books on crafts, activities, party games, boredom buster books, experiments for home and school and much more. I will strive to get your cre
Rainy Day Fun
- The Playful Parent's blog
- Add new comment
- 52132 reads
Guides for Your Mobile Devices
Here at WPPL, we field questions about new mobile devices all the time. Do you have one? If so, we have a fat stack of guides to help you learn how to use it. These guides will help you learn everything you can do with your device, not just ebooks.
We even have some in ebook format for iPads and Nook Tablet via our ebook vendor, Overdrive
This picture shows what we have right now among our new non-fiction books. And if you have an older device sitting in your junk drawer, we might have a guide that will help you, too.
- mrweaver's blog
- Add new comment
- 824 reads
May is short story month! Time to try some Science Fiction and Fantasy!
May is short story month!
Admit it, sometimes you want a good story, but don't have a lot of time, and the thought of starting up that thousand-page tome is daunting. If you're in the mood for a quick fix-try some short fiction!
Science fiction and fantasy readers could easily subsist entirely on short fiction if they so desired. With so many sources of good short fiction available, it's hard Not to read it.
- Farnsworth's blog
- Add new comment
- 16181 reads
It's a Mystery 4/30/2013
A recent article in Library Journal discussed trends in the circulation of library materials. 65% of items circulated are from the Fiction area, with Mysteries being the top circulating subgenre within Fiction. The popularity of mysteries is no surprise to those of us who read them. Readers continue to be drawn to the varied types of mysteries being published today.
- MysteryLady's blog
- Add new comment
- 12415 reads
Summer's Coming (and so are the movies!)
- Pass the Popcorn's blog
- Add new comment
- 8310 reads
Rainy Day Films
Well of course it's sunny and beautiful today as I am writing this post, but the inspiration for it came on Wednesday—gloomy, rainy Wednesday—when a patron asked for a particular film and remarked that it was her favorite "go-to" rainy day film. So since we're bound to have our share of rainy days in the future, I shall channel my inner Boy Scout motto
- Pass the Popcorn's blog
- Add new comment
- 40366 reads
Pass the Popcorn, please!
Stumped for a movie to watch with the kids? Overwhelmed by the rows and rows of titles on the shelves? Wondering if, somewhere amidst the rancid stew of reality shows flooding your TV, there might be something actually worth watching?
- Pass the Popcorn's blog
- Add new comment
- 14519 reads
Reviews of 2 new Fantasy titles.
Fantasy isn't always about Dragons and wizards. Sometimes it's about a big old Victorian house that you never noticed before...until one day you feel compelled to walk up and knock on the door, or a phone call from a stranger who states that you are the only one who can prevent an otherwise certain death.
- Farnsworth's blog
- Add new comment
- 1071 reads
More on Our May 1 program on Energy Therapy/Chakra Cleansing with Linda Street
Greetings Edge Readers...
I've just talked with our speaker, Reiki Master, Linda Street, and she tells me she intends to include several experiential elements in her program on May 1. That means some of you will have a chance to participate in an energy therapy exercise. No one will be forced to do anything they don't want to, so if you're shy and don't want to be the center of attention, you're safe. We'll just have those who are interested in being a test subject, throw their names into a bag as they enter, and then we'll draw from that collection when the time comes.
I'm really psyched about this program. Please remember to register; you can call 440-250-5460, come to any public service desk in the library or register on line using our event calendar. I'll make it easy for you, click HERE and it will take you directly to the sign-up sheet.
- IJMiklos's blog
- Add new comment
- 9284 reads
Part II of Our Series on Energy Healing with Linda Street
Heads Up! Save the Date...You spoke, I listened. Welcome back Edge readers.
After our program last October on Reike with Linda Street, I collected the evaluation sheets you filled out and so many of you wanted more information on energy healing, that I've asked Linda back for a second presentation in which she can go into more depth. In response to a couple of you who requested something specifically on Chakra Cleansing, she will be devoting part of the program to that topic.
We look forward to seeing you there, May 1, 2013-7:00 to 8:30 pm. We'll open the doors at 6:30, so you can arrive a little early to meet and greet each other and get settled. We'll have refreshments and literature for you to pick up.
Registration is required for this program; ask at any public service desk, use our online event calendar, or call 440-250-5460.
That's all for now...I'll be back later with more info.
Until then, remember to Keep Your Eye on The Edge.
- IJMiklos's blog
- Add new comment
- 5907 reads


text:
- Age / Gender:
- n/a, Male
- Location:
- Location not disclosed
- Joined:
- 9/19/12
- All Stats >
User Statshot
- Community Stats
Level 3 Gamer
Normal Whistle
Ranked as Civilian
Contact Info / Websites
Recent Game Medals
PENTAFORCE 50 Points Get 5 spikes on the planet at once Medal Stats.
BE SOMEBODY 5 Points Run away, and begin your escape. Medal Stats.
08 Artistic Potential 5 Points prostration Medal Stats.
02 The Least Interesting Man in the World 5 Points well! what is it! Medal Stats.
Parry 5 Points Parry an attack Medal Stats.
Melee Duel 10 Points Destroy a white bot Medal Stats.
Being Dad 5 Points Destroy a bot Medal Stats.
SECRET MEDAL 5 Points Unlock this medal to see it's details. Medal Stats.
SECRET MEDAL 25 Points Unlock this medal to see it's details. Medal Stats.
SECRET MEDAL 10 Points Unlock this medal to see it's details. Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 74 (From 20 different games.)
Favorite Audio
|~EnV~Heaven Rd. 2 (Ng mix)
|Dance Song
|ParagonX9 - Chaoz Fantasy
|Drum N Bass Song
|Forest of Fog
|Miscellaneous Loop
|redemption(deshiel remix)
|Dubstep Song
Favorite Art
Favorite Movies
TRACER episode 1 Rated 4.2570 Stars Episode 1 of a scf fi thriller. Drama F E A R Rated 4.2794 Stars a girl trapped in her own nightmare Drama voicemail Rated 4.1041 Stars this is the story of a voicemail Drama Passion of the Manwhore Rated 4.4982 Stars Fernando yearns to whisper in your ear once more... Music Video
Favorite Games
Dig To China Rated 4.0354 Stars A chunky tile busting mining upgrade game. Action - Other The Body Rated 3.9193 Stars A man walks through the woods. Adventure - Other Tree of Knowledge... Rated 3.4774 Stars A game about how God is kind of a dick Adventure - Other Autumn War Rated 4.3015 Stars Lead your men in a fight for survival against the undead . Strategy - Real-time (RTS)


text:
When "only 10% of employees trust management to make the right decisions in times of uncertainty," that's a business challenge. Lost trust triggers diminished employee engagement, tames discretionary efforts, and reduces innovation. It hits your bottom-line, too.
So, if you're asking how to build or rebuild trust at work, here are a few tips for improving your trust building odds.
However, there's another question you should be asking. We know the impact when employees don't trust their bosses, but what happens when bosses don't trust their employees? Or, when management actions give employees that perception?
What's the message when companies use GPS tracking on employee phones to check if they're where they say they are? Or software to locate employee internet posts, or demonstrate untrusting beliefs like these:


text: 500 pts Music Trivia #1 <Loonatics According to this article, what pop star was forced to cancel tour dates due to an injury? Click here for the answer. Sign in to Participate Category: Trivia Ends: Thursday February 14 at 10:59PM CST Visit our sponsor: Click here for the answer. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! More Ways To Get and Use Points $10 Noodles & Company Gift Card$50 Scheels Gift CardGet Plowed With 103.7 The LoonKeurig Brewing SystemThanksgiving Gift CardToy Store Shopping Spree