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I'm in ketosis but gaining weight...except for when I don't exercise
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Joined: Sep 10
Posts: 5
Posted: 08 Sep 2010, 11:16
I've been on induction for a week, following it very good. No cheating. My net carbs are at 20, I'm turning keto sticks purple..etc. I either gain or maintain every day, except for two days. One day I worked out very lightly, and lost half a lb. Another day I didn't work out at all and lost 2 lbs. All the other days I've worked out 2-4 hours.. pretty intense, because I'm training for a big hike (it's in two more weeks now!)I'm trying to get my body in condition for that.
I weight 220 lbs (give or take a lb when I maintain, lose, or gain) I am eating between 2,400 and 2,600 calories. (I heard rule of thumb was to eat 10-12 times your weight in calories) and again, keeping the net carbs to 20, total carbs are like 38 or so when i have a MIM, total carbs are lower on days I don't have a MIM.
Take Monday for example. I ate 2600 calories, lost two lbs. yesterday I ate 2,800 calories, but worked out and burned 1,600 calories.
I'm getting about 130 grams of protein a day, and my fat percent is between 65-72%.
Do I need to eat even MORE calories than the 2,600 on the days I work out that much? Is it possible I'm stalling because on days I'm burning 1,600 calories the 2,600 is not enough and causes a stall?
Just wondering if anyone has any knowledge on that.. if I need to eat even MORE than 2,600.. cause that's like a ton of food! And get's expensive too! lol
What do you think?
Joined: May 10
Posts: 27
Posted: 08 Sep 2010, 11:36
Sounds like, first you are putting on muscle, muscle weighs more than fat, second, you might be shutting down your metabolism instead of revving it up because your body is not getting enough. Just my thoughts.
If you keep doing what you've been doing, you'll keep getting what you've been getting.
Life is like a box of chocalates, you never know what you got until you take a bite - Forrest Gump
Joined: Sep 10
Posts: 5
Posted: 08 Sep 2010, 11:43
That's what I was wondering...but it's counter intuitive to me to eat more than 2,600..even with Atkins, yet if I'm burning 1.600...
I'm not working out heavy to lose weight, I'm doing Atkins to lose weight. I'm working out like a mad woman to get in shape for this hike lol..I've lost great before on induction, but I didn't workout..
Joined: Jun 10
Posts: 643
Posted: 08 Sep 2010, 11:43
A huge percentage of initial loss on low carb diets comes from water loss. Intense workouts tend to have the opposite effect, so it seems like the two are counteracting each other for you.
The idea is to lose fat though, and I'm sure you are. The problem is, you're over training. 2-4 hours of working out is too much. Try to keep it to an hour a day, max. I realize you're trying to condition yourself, but you're actually making things work. Muscles need time to recover. You don't burn the majority of your calories during a workout, but during the resting/sleep period afterwards. If you over train, your body's muscles get worn down and used for energy (the opposite of what you want). At your weight, and especially based on how much you exercise, I'd recommend a lot more protein in your diet. I weight 135 lbs (roughly), and I work out 45 minutes a day, on average. I require around 150-165g protein every day (which includes post-workout whey protein consumption) in order to allow for anabolism and counteract catabolism.
So, in summary:
Work out less, but keep the intensity high. Take more protein, and keep your calories roughly the same (or slightly higher to account for the extra protein)
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Joined: Sep 10
Posts: 5
Posted: 08 Sep 2010, 13:56
I was just reading on the atkins site someone said that the amount of protein should be .5 grams per lb of body weight for in active people, .75 for moderately working out people, and 1 -1.3 grm (or so) for heavy workout people... this would mean I should be eating around 200 grams of protein a day, by that advice.. does that sound like way too much?
I will try upping my protein, and keeping my workouts more moderate for a few days and see if that helps. I prob won't even have to increase my calories. My fat % was like $72-75% yesterday, so I could cut down on some fat, and add in more protein, still maintain the same amount of calories, but have more protein, and get my fat percentage to the 65% it's supposed to be.
Joined: Jun 10
Posts: 643
Posted: 08 Sep 2010, 17:07
That sounds like a great plan. 200g is not too much. Some days I have fat flush/protein spike days where I consume just under 250g of protein in one day, and I'm perfectly healthy and losing fat at a steady pace.
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Joined: Sep 10
Posts: 5
Posted: 10 Sep 2010, 13:43
I've kept protein up and exercised more moderately the last two days and have lost about 4 lbs
Joined: Jul 10
Posts: 71
Posted: 11 Sep 2010, 00:20
Don't forget to keep up your water intake. According to Atkins, if the ketostix is purple it is a sign of dehydration. If you are working out hard and not drinking enough water that will cause a spike.
Joined: Jun 10
Posts: 643
Posted: 11 Sep 2010, 09:23
lw_onevoice wrote:
I've kept protein up and exercised more moderately the last two days and have lost about 4 lbs
Glad to hear it. Good work!
If you think my post is too abrasive, harsh, or offensive, you're:
A) Wrong.
B) Too sensitive.
C) Not going to receive an apology for pointing it out.
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Red Roof Inn And Suites Savannah Gateway
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text:
I guess the title says it all. I recently started using the swamp cooler technique as my basement is now averaging 77-78*F this time of year. What I wanted to know is, how long should I keep the carboys in the swamp cooler? Just through primary? Secondary? Till I bottle?
I keep mine in through primary fermentation. I then reuse the cooler along with several frozen bottles to cold crash when it comes time to do so.
You should use it always, for the whole fermentation, because then you have consistency.
However - it is only CRUCIAL to control temps in the first few days or even hours of primary. That is when the off flavours often associated with high temps will arise.
If space is needed, I have no issues moving my beer somewhere warmer for the latter part of a fermentation.
They have been in the swamp cooler with a consistent temp of 69-70 for a little more than 4 days now. There's no hurry to get them moved as I only brew once a month or so. I'll leave them in the coolers until I move them to the fridge to cold crash in a couple weeks. thanks guys.


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Vote for Best Concealer of 2009
Best of 2009: Concealer
by Beauty 59 Reactions 0 Shares Print
Photo by Flickr User Orin Zebest
Read More Best Of 2009Concealer
mariserin 4 years
i LOVE my benefit erase paste. it's the only thing that ever will cover my dark circles on my fair skin. and it is super creamy!
4 years
Becca, Hourglass, YSL touche eclat, jane iredale, Cle de Peau concealer. I am a makeup artist and these are the best concealers I know of. None of these were mentioned. Stila? Mac? Benefit? Those are some of the worst concealers. They are dry and cakey and shift on the skin.
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clinique was one of the worst concealers i have ever tried. very drying. it was all about the eyes. i use rimmel or ELF and this cheap concealers are actually better on my skin than expensive ones.
idoleyes 4 years
I seriously cannot live without my Stila concealer. I use a concealer brush for blemish coverage and the actual tube for undereye circles. It's kept me beautiful through finals, pms, and long nights of dancing!
lilkimbo 4 years
Make Up For Ever and Laura Mercier are my favorites, as well. Benefit is pretty good, too.
lilkimbo 4 years
Make Up For Ever and Laura Mercier are my favorites, as well.Benefit is pretty good, too.
4 years
Benefit Erase Paste! I have tried endless amounts of concealer, and this is the ONLY one that works for my fair skin. I don't know what I would do without it. Although I'm not a fan of Benefit's other products, I'm a huge fan of their concealer.
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Lancome Photogenic Concealer
Rosay77 4 years
Lancome Photogenic Concealer
Knight-Who-Says-Ni 4 years
Make Up For Ever. Best one I ever used.
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I love Aveda's concealer.
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I love Aveda's concealer.
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Seriously Prescriptives custom-blend should be on this list, although they won't be around much longer. I just went and had 2 tubes blended for me, hopefully that will last a long time!
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Shocked not to see Laura Mercier on here! Me too. Secret Camouflage is the bomb-diggity.
amybdk 4 years
<i>Shocked not to see Laura Mercier on here! </i>Me too. Secret Camouflage is the bomb-diggity.
rach716 4 years
I use YSL touche eclat for under my eyes. Thinking of trying out Laura Mercier concealer for blemishes from all the rave reviews it's getting here!
coco-1 4 years
Without a doubt, best concealer is Laura Mercier!
Jessiebanana 4 years
Ugh, you're mentioning concealers without list Make Up For Ever? O_O or Laura Mercier?
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Most people are talking about concealer for under-eye circles but what do you guys recommend for blemishes?? I'm currently using Murad Acne Concealer Stick w/ Salicylic Acid and it is pretty decent but I don't LOVE the consistency.
GLB67 4 years
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Posted by Guido 7 hrs ago | theseriouscomedysite.com
Bangs is an enjoyable stand-up comedy album by Ophira Eisenberg, a Canadian now living in New York City. She does self-deprecating biographical material in very short bits and her instant likeability makes her stories easy to connect with. Eisenberg is also known as the host of NPR's tri... [Read More]
Posted by Guido 7 hrs ago | theseriouscomedysite.com
Drunk History will be back for a third season in 2015. That is good news for fans of this Comedy Central show where inebriated semi-celebrities tell their version of an American Historical moment while sometimes A-list actors act out and lip synch the story. There is nothing else like this ...... [Read More]
Posted by TheLaughButton 7 hrs ago | google.com
Cameron Diaz was the host of Saturday Night Live and Mystical was a drop in musical guest. Yes, you read those words and its not 2002. Diaz is hosting the show to promote her starring in the upcoming Annie movie, so there's a guarantee we'll see a spoof sketch of that. But, if there woul... [Read More]
Last Comic Standing 9 on hold, return to NBC for summer 2015 unknown as show format undergoes revamp
Posted by TheComicsComic 15 hrs ago | thecomicscomic.com
Hurry up and wait is a common expression in show business. Now it's all too relevant to the ninth season of NBC's Last Comic Standing, which now has to figure out whether it can return in time for summer 2015 after telling comedians this weekend that production has been put on hold. "It is on hold f... [Read More]
Posted by TheComicsComic 1 day 11 hrs ago | thecomicscomic.com
In a stunning move, NBC has agreed to free one of its upcoming sitcoms from the clutches of its "drama-heavy" primetime slate to find an audience and grow for at least the next two years on Netflix. Netflix announced Friday night it had picked up Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt -- starring Ellie Kemper an... [Read More]
Posted by TheComicsComic 1 day 12 hrs ago | thecomicscomic.com
Can you imagine a whole half-hour of Jay Leno's JayWalking? How about a weekly half-hour of the late Johnny Carson's Carnac the Magnificent? This is a first: A signature bit from Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and now The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon has been spun-off into its own weekly half-ho... [Read More]
Posted by TheLaughButton 1 day 12 hrs ago | google.com
Things keep getting worse for Bill Cosby. In the wake of even more sexual assault charges levied against him, groups planning to work with him in the future cut ties, making headlines both within and outside of the comedy world this week. The fallout began Wednesday, when Netflix essentially cancell... [Read More]
'Star Trek: The Next Generation' Season 7 Gag Reel Released! Watch Video Of Jonathan Frakes And Patrick Stewart Bloopers Before Blu-Ray Release Date
Posted by LaughSpin 1 day 13 hrs ago | laughspin.com
The characters on Star Trek: The Next Generation faced plenty of serious obstacles during their missions, but that didn't stop the cast members from having fun on-set. A new gag reel for TNG has been released to promote the upcoming Season 7 Blu-ray, which hits stores next month. The St... [Read More]
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Posted by TheComicsComic 1 day 13 hrs ago | thecomicscomic.com
Move over, Tosh. Don't be ridiculous, Ridiculousness. FOX thinks it can trump Tosh.0, Ridiculousness and all of the other comedians-talking-about-epic-fail-video series on cable by starting up its own such mocker talker in primetime on network TV. World's Funniest Fails will premiere at 8 p.m. ET/PT... [Read More]
Posted by TheComicsComic 1 day 13 hrs ago | thecomicscomic.com
Frank Nicotero, the warm-up guy for America's Got Talent who got into it last year with a contestant auditioning with his signature bit, got to show his original version this past summer -- well, almost -- on Last Comic Standing. It was a digital extra for a while. Now, on Thursday's Late Late Show ... [Read More]
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FASHION — 24 December 2011
Just because you don't don your finest Chanel suit for a bout of physical exertion on the water doesn't mean Karl Lagerfeld can't convince you to do so come spring. For the spring/summer 2012 campaign, models Joan Smalls and Saskia de Brauw hang tight on wood bars wearing cream Chanel suits with socks and sandals and manage to make it look so effortless. Of course being shot by the Kaiser himself means giving nothing but perfection for his lens. I'm digging the short hair and cropped jackets.
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Althought the school district denies it, the students say the offensive game was the teacher's idea.
According to several Georgia elementary students, their teacher organized and participated in a game of "tag" where students played as slaves and slave catchers in order to accompany a lesson on slavery.
"She would sit on the bench and the slave catchers would come up to the door and ask did she have any slaves," one student told Atlanta-based Channel 2 news, speaking of the teacher.
The incident occurred at Camp Creek Elementary in Gwinnett County, and while the school district has acknowledged that game occurred, it has denied claims of any teacher involvement.
"The school district looked into concerns regarding four students who participated in a playground activity. The district determined that the activity was student initiated and that allegations regarding the teacher's involvement were unfounded," the district wrote to Channel 2.
However, when interviewed on camera, the students involved stated firmly that the teacher was, in fact, involved in the game, and explained to the students that they were to act as slaves and slave catchers.
"It is demeaning, dehumanizing and hurtful," said Charvia Rivers, parent of two Black children involved in the game.
Earlier this month, another teacher in the same school district came under fire after he used slavery references to teach math concepts.
According to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, one of the problems on a math homework assignment read, "If Frederick (Douglass) got two beatings per day, how many beatings did he get in one week?"
The teacher, Luis Rivera, said he thought the questions were in line with the school's curriculum plan, which asked teachers to show students what Douglass had to overcome.
"I did not write those questions with the intent of being malicious or offensive," Rivera said in a statement, according to the paper. "I wrote poorly written questions in an attempt to enhance student achievement. I have brought shame to my family, and my school. For that, I cannot apologize enough."
In October 2010, the county's school system was awarded the $1 million Broad Prize for Urban Education, an annual award given by the Broad Foundation to urban districts that show gains in student performance and closing minority achievement gaps.
How do you think slavery should be taught in schools?
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Keyword: water quality ×
Industry: University / Academia / Research ×
Location: Africa ×
Location: Mali ×
Water Environment Federation (WEF)
based in Alexandria, VIRGINIA (USA)
Formed in 1928, the Water Environment Federation (WEF) is a not-for-profit technical and educational organization. WEF and its global network of Member Associations (MAs) help provide water quality professionals with the latest in water quality education, training, and business opportunities. WEF`s diverse membership includes scientists, engineers, regulators, academics, ...
Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.
based in Portland, OREGON (USA)
Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.`s mission is to serve our customers worldwide and be our customers` single source for their water resource equipment needs. Stevens designs, manufactures and supports a broad range of instruments and accessories that provide water level, water quality, ground water, soil moisture, and weather information. These products are easy to ...
CHEMetrics, Inc. (Water Analysis Test Kits)
based in Calverton, VIRGINIA (USA)
Chemetrics offers an extensive line of water testing kits. CHEMetrics supplies water analysis test kits for measuring more than 50 water analytes and parameters. Industries: water treatment, petroleum, chemical, power, metals, environmental, manufacturing, pulp/paper and food & beverage.
based in Kirkland, WASHINGTON (USA)
INW is a leading manufacturer of pressure transducers and water quality instrumentation that is sold worldwide. INW's knowledgeable professionals work closely with engineers and consultants from concept through specification, design and installation. INW manufactures sensors, dataloggers and telemetry for water level, conductivity, pH, ORP, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity & ...
Mashov Group
based in Beer-Sheva, ISRAEL
Mashov Company operates for 24 years in publishing, organization of conventions international exhibitions in the areas of agriculture, gardening, water technology, infrastructures and quality of the environment. The company was founded by Mr. Haim Alush. Today, The company is co-managed by Haim Allush and Avi Paz, who also serve as editors of the group`s magazines. ...
Pure & Secure, LLC.
based in Lincoln, NEBRASKA (USA)
Pure & Secure, LLC. is the leading manufacturer of premium water distillers for families and businesses. For over 40 years our Pure Water brand of water distillers has been recognized as the single most effective way to protect against the full range of possible contaminants that can be found in water. Pure & Secure, LLC. is a family owned business that still manufactures ...
Aquatic Informatics Inc
based in Vancouver, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
Aquatic Informatics provides software solutions that address critical water data management and analysis challenges for the rapidly growing environmental monitoring industry. Aquatic Informatics is focused on providing solutions to a range of different customer groups including federal, state/provincial or local government departments, hydropower operators, mining ...
Delta-T Devices Ltd
based in Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
Delta-T offers a wide range of data loggers and sensors able to measure and record hydrological, meteorological and other environmental parameters. Our products provide direct measurements of the forces and effects that renewable energy and other environmental technologies attempt to harness, control or monitor.
Bio-Microbics, Inc.
based in Shawnee, KANSAS (USA)
Ideal for Residential/Commercial Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse Systems, Bio-Microbics, Scienco/FAST, and SeptiTech solve water, wastewater, and stormwater problems. As a global leading manufacturer of decentralized water, wastewater, and stormwater systems products, Bio-Microbics has decades of real world operating history with more than 45,000 ...
Waterlogic International Ltd
based in Basingstoke, UNITED KINGDOM
Waterlogic is the leading global manufacturer and distributor of top quality mains attached "Point of Use" (POU) water purifying and dispensing systems. These incorporate Firewall™ purification technology, carbon multi-filtration systems, In Tank UV technology and BioCote® antimicrobial protected parts to guarantee the highest levels of hygiene and quality. As end-user ...


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Barack Obama
Global warming a dangerous reality, government study shows
Global warming is rapidly turning America the beautiful into America the stormy, sneezy and dangerous, according to a new federal scientific report. And those shining seas? Rising and costly, the report says.
Obama promotes his record in 'Year of Action'
President Barack Obama is promoting the work he's done in what he's calling his "Year of Action." In his weekly radio and online address Saturday, the president says he's taken more than 20 executive actions to help the economy.
New sanctions for Russia as Obama tries to tighten the screws on Putin
The United States levied new sanctions Monday on seven Russian government officials, as well as 17 companies with links to Vladimir Putin's close associate.
White House Easter Egg Roll promotes childhood fitness
Parents and kids will take advantage of Monday's marvelous weather on the White House's south lawn at the 136th annual Easter Egg Roll.
Obama instructs Justice Department to improve clemency recommendation process
President Barack Obama is looking for convicts worthy of his rarely used power to commute sentences.
Virginia man indicted after death threats against Obama, Clinton
A Virginia man is accused of making death threats against President Barack Obama and former First Lady Hillary Clinton.
Obama congratulates Afghans on voting despite Taliban threats
President Barack Obama says Afghanistan's presidential election marks another important milestone. Obama is congratulating the millions of Afghans who defied threats from the Taliban and went to the polls.
Obama visits Pope Francis at Vatican
President Barack Obama is holding an historic first meeting with Pope Francis at the Vatican.
National monument authority for presidents would be limited under house bill
President Barack Obama and his successors would see their ability to designate new national monuments limited under a bill approved Wednesday by the House.
Obama talking Ukraine in Amsterdam with European leaders
President Barack Obama begins a week of international travel with Russia's Crimean incursion at the top of his agenda, even as he simultaneously seeks to re-emphasize U.S. influence abroad.
Obama heads to Europe, seeks coalition against Russia
President Barack Obama's complex relationship with Europe faces new challenges during a weeklong trip as he tries to persuade allied leaders to hold firm in efforts to punish Russia for its incursion into Ukraine.
Obamacare: Many top cancer hospitals off-limits for newly insured
Cancer patients relieved that they can get insurance coverage because of the new health care law may be disappointed to learn that some the nation's best cancer hospitals are off-limits.
Medal of Honor ceremony for 24 veterans from three wars
President Barack Obama is moving to right old wrongs by belatedly awarding the Medal of Honor to 24 Army veterans who served during World War II, Korea and Vietnam.
Irish Prime Minister's St. Patrick's Day White House celebration
St. Patrick's Day is coming early to the White House this year.
Obama wants overtime pay for more salaried workers
President Barack Obama will direct the Labor Department to strengthen overtime pay protections for millions of workers, a White House official said.
Ukrainian Prime Minister in D.C. to meet with Obama
In a diplomatic dig at Russia, President Barack Obama is hosting the new Ukrainian prime minister at the White House, a high-profile gesture aimed at cementing the West's allegiance to Ukraine's fledgling government.
Obama goes "Between Two Ferns" with Hangover star
President Obama is the latest guest on Zach Galifianakis' web series, "Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis."
Easter Egg Roll ticket lottery opens at 10 a.m. Friday
The lottery for tickets to the 2014 White House Easter Egg Roll will open Friday morning at 10 a.m.
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Here is the Remix to Beyoncé's 'Blow' tune from the Platinum Edition (EP) (due November 24th), which is only a feature Remix which means the beat is the same, it only has Pharrell singing on it, produced by Pharrell Williams and Timbaland, make sure to cop the EP on iTunes, check out the tune below.
Beyoncé – Blow feat. Pharrell & Timbaland (Remix) (14′)
Beyoncé – Blow (Official Video) (2013)
Beyoncé – Beyoncé (Platinum Edition) (EP) (2014) (November 24th)
01 – 7/11 (Detail)
02 – ¤¤¤Flawless feat. Nicki Minaj & Chimamanda Ngo (Remix) (Hit-Boy, Rey Reel)
03 – Drunk In Love feat. Jay-Z & Kanye West (Remix) (Detail, Timbaland)
04 – Ring Off (Mike Caren)
05 – Blow feat. Pharrell & Timbaland (Remix) (Pharrell Williams, Timbaland)
06 – Standing On The Sun feat. Mr. Vegas (Remix) (Sia)
Gwen Stefani – Spark The Fire (Snippet) (14′)
Can't wait to see what they've been working on, I love her!
At last weekend's third annual Camp Flog Gnaw Carnival, Tyler, The Creator had what may be one of the greatest days of his life. As rambunctious as he may seem, Tyler's always proved to be very smart and honest without an ounce of shame, especially when it comes to discussing Pharrell and N*E*R*D's influence on him as a performer and person.
Therefore, it was hard for him to hide his emotions when Chad Hugo joined Pharrell's solo set at the Odd Future event, leaving Tyler visibly shaken. But the love didn't stop there. After Pharrell finished his performance, Mass Appeal arranged for Tyler to interview his idol. The love and respect isn't a one way transaction as Pharrell, with emotions clearly welling up, describes the chance to perform with Tyler at the OF-hosted event as one thing he envies yet appreciates.
Jay-Z is reportedly convinced he can turn Cara Delevingne into a huge music star. The 22-year-old's modelling success is just the beginning of her career; she has already dipped her toes into acting and is currently working towards the release of her first album. It was recently announced her debut single will have the help of none other than music extraordinaire Pharrell Williams.
But he isn't the only big name who is lining up to work with Cara. It's thought Jay is keen to aid her journey towards topping the charts after meeting through mutual friend, and the rapper's protégé, Rihanna. "As far as Jay is concerned, there isn't another woman around who could achieve the type of multifaceted stardom he believes Cara is set for. She has the same relentless and cool attitude as the likes of Rihanna or Beyoncé, plus the added appeal of being a genuine international supermodel,"
By Kelsey Glein. Concern for the well-being of others doesn't start and end with the holidays, of course. For the "Shining Stars" story in the December issue of InStyle, they caught up with six famous faces who are shedding light on the spirit of giving throughout the year. Pharrell Williams may be a Renaissance man of sorts—musician, artist, environmentalist, clothing designer, and more—but the star is also giving his time and energy to From One Hand To Another, a not-for-profit organization that develops learning programs for underserved 7- to 20-year-olds.
"Ironically, it wasn't until I traveled abroad that I learned how small the world actually is. In meeting people from different countries, different cultures, and different religious beliefs, I saw that the most common point of connection is education," Williams tells Katherine Schwarzenegger in InStyle's December issue. "In regions where things are failing and falling apart, education is always what's lacking."
Jay-Z, Pharrell, Beyoncé & Co.
The stars came out to celebrate the 50th Birthday of veteran publishing executive "Big" Jon Platt at Mastro's Steakhouse in Beverly Hills on Sunday night. Mr. and Mrs. Carter were both in the house. Jay-Z toasted his longtime friend, who signed him to EMI Publishing in 1996, with a heartfelt speech, while Beyoncé sang "Happy Birthday."
Pharrell & JoiStaRR
The intimate dinner also brought out Pharrell, Diddy, Jermaine Dupri, and Mary Mary. Celebs took to the photo booth to snap memories, while DJ D-Nice worked the turntables. Prior to joining Warner/Chappell Music in 2012, Platt spent 17 years at EMI, signing artists such as Kanye West, Drake, and Usher.
Jay-Z, Pharrell & Jermaine Dupri
Posted: November 12th
Pharrell & Goldie Hawn
The Neptunes, Usher & Christina Aguilera In 2003.
Here is the first collaboration between the newest I am OTHER signee Bia and her label boss Pharrell Williams on the tune 'Chain Swang' that also features her manager Fam-Lay which will be out on her first Mixtape titled #CHOLASEASON (due November 11th). You can check out the tune below.
Bia – Chain Swang feat. Pharrell & Fam-Lay (14′)
Nominees for the @peopleschoice Awards are announced! Follow this link to vote for @Pharrell —> http://bit.ly/pharrellPC2014 #PeoplesChoice.
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Pendleton, United States of America
304 SE Nye Avenue, Pendleton, OR 97801, United States of America – Show map
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14 properties in Pendleton
Including hotels, apartments, villas and more.
87 verified reviews
We verify all reviews from guests who have stayed at Red Lion Hotel Pendleton. Find out more.
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Red Lion Hotel Pendleton's staff speaks: English
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Outdoor Pool (seasonal)
Fitness Center
Food & Drink
WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Free public parking is available on site (reservation is not needed).
Airport Shuttle (free), 24-Hour Front Desk, Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Business Center
Family Rooms, Heating
From 3:00 PM
Until 12:00 PM
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check what conditions apply to your preferred room.
Children and Extra Beds
All children are welcome.
Up to three additional children under 18 years stay free of charge when using existing beds.
Any additional older children or adults are charged USD 10 per person per night when using existing beds.
One additional older child or adult is charged USD 10 per night in an extra bed.
One child under 2 years stays free of charge in a crib.
The maximum number of extra beds/cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are allowed on request. Charges may apply.
When booking for more than 9 people, different policies and additional supplements may apply.
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Based on 87 reviews
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Located off I-84 and 2 miles from downtown Pendleton, this 100% non-smoking hotel features an indoor pool and hot tub. It serves a daily hot breakfast buffet. All rooms include free Wi-Fi.
Score from 28 reviews Very good
Conveniently located off of Interstate 84, Motel 6 Pendleton features air-conditioned rooms with cable TV. Facilities include an outdoor pool.
Score from 59 reviews Good
Americas Best Value Inn - PendletonIn downtown Pendleton, this hotel is a 4 minute walk from Pendleton Center for the Arts. The hotel serves a continental breakfast every morning from 6 am to 9:30 am. An outdoor pool is available.
Score from 103 reviews Very good
Offering a free shuttle to Wild Horse Casino and Golf Course, just 7 minutes' drive away, this hotel located in historic Pendleton city centre provides a daily continental breakfast and free Wi-Fi.
Score from 68 reviews Very good
Location, access
Poor shower, bad tv, no breakfast with room ( this was extra charge ) and food was not good
We particularly liked the lounge; the hostesses were warm, friendly and completely agreeable, the warm, pleasant ambiance made us feel right at home, but better. We also liked the Prime Rib Special, and the excellent breakfast the following morning. All of the staff we dealt with were friendly and helpful, the accommodations were very clean and comfortable and the prices were affordable.
The bar staff went the extra mile to make sure I got to watch my favorite team (Oregon State) play their game.
The cleaning crew did not leave soap in the room. It is hard to wash the road grime off hands with just water.
Nice pool
the room, not at all nice
bed was comfortable, room was very nice
bugs in bathtub
charging for breakfast...this is outside the norm for hotels. there is no where else close by to eat, so it felt as if we were charged b/c we had no other choice.
Location was close to freeway. Easy to get in and out of parking lot.
Bed was a little too soft for my tastes.
The bed was very comfortable. I like how the room was set up. The chair in the room was very comfortable to use while I studied materials.
I thought the restaurant could have offered smaller meals for single guests.
Was going to use the pool, but there appeared to be large spots of black algae in it. Getting to our room with luggage was a bit of a problem for two older folks.
Staff member was very helpful in getting us an updated room.
First staff member was not helpful at all
for the second time in a month the pool was out of commission, I will not stay here again
Like the room it was clean and the bed was comfortable.
Did not like the food in the restaurant
The location was easy to get to from the freeway. Restaurant was very good. The servers were very personable and helpful and the food was excellent.
Long walk from room to restaurant or any other part of the facility for older folks.
We found out that they do have a beautiful view of the valley which of course we didn't see.
We booked this hotel mainly for the pool while traveling this summer. When we arrived we were told the pool was closed. We were asked if we wanted to cancel our reservation due to pool being closed but when they found out we booked through booking.com they said oh to bad you can't cancel. Then they gave us a room looking at the parking lot. The hotel was not booked and they could have given us a room with a view. While my wife was in the shower I walked across the hall to get ice and left the door ajar and an employee walked into the room. He had to have seen our luggage and knew the room was occupied.
No free breakfast for that price
Everything was fine with my stay. The best part was that I had to change my reservation to the next night after complications with my trip and then I was quite late arriving - no problem. Front desk staff was pleasant and helpful. Certainly not a universal in the business.
breakfast was ok for the price, the room was great with a lot of elbow room. it has a small deck but no chairs to set on
the pool was closed,because some toddler poop in it and the maintenance people could not get the water clear, we were going to stay an extra day to use the pool but they never got it fix after 3 days. the property needs some updating
One of the reasons we picked this hotel was for the pool. It was our halfway point and thought a nice dip in the pool on a 90 degree day would be the best way to end our long day. Pool was closed for cleaning.
view room dog friendly
needs exterior paint pool needs maintainence (patching) buffet was lacking (very sparse)
We love Red Lion-the furnishings and bedding are really nice. The rooms are large and well maintained. The pool areas are very nice as well. The internet connections at the two we have stayed at recently were balky and difficult to actually connect to. Al in all, we would stay again. :)
The day we arrived there were NO housekeeping staff and rooms were not ready for a couple of hours. Disgruntled customers were standing around the lobby waiting and waiting. The desk staff were overwhelmed and complaining as well. No one was happy. There was no compensation offered for the inconvenience and hardly any apology. No one told us to drive around to the far side to access our room, so we dragged our suitcases down several halls to find out our door keys didn't work on the first try. It was all very odd...
As per the computer, I selected a checkin time of noon to 1PM. We arrived about 1 and was told "Checkin is at 3." That was all the clerk said. Not even Hi, the rooms not ready or sorry. All she did was point at a sign that said - checkin at 3PM. Felt she failed in customer service. And made us feel unwelcome. This 24 hour check in is balony. Also went to the bar and there was one couple there and the bartender was non-existant. We left and went to town for the evening.
My son and I stopped here in the middle of a road trip. Out of the 4 places we stayed this was the best by far the room was clean, roomy and the floor plan/decor was nice. I could have looked at the view from the pool balcony for hours. Price was great best value with best accommodations.
Our room faced the parking lot. I would have liked a room with more of a view. (Now that I know how great the view is! )
The room was clean, restaurant coffee was good.
We rode on a motorcycle, at the end of the day we wanted to go into town for dinner but not ride. Walking is possible, but there are sections of the route that are highway off ramp. When we asked the staff if there was a shuttle we were told they do not shuttle (although there is a shuttle van in the pkg lot). They then said they would shuttle but charge $7. So - really you CAN shuttle, you just choose NOT to. Breakfast, although not expensive, is not included in the price and, again, no place within walking distance to get one that is not "hotel" food.
The pool was closed and the room could have been cleaner.
The pool, the location, the view
The wifi didn't work very well.
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text:
Hi: 7° Lo:0°
By Chris Smith Wednesday 12 December 2012 Updated: 13/12 12:13
HOMES in Coventry are unknowingly polluting the city's rivers, the Warwickshire Wildlife Trust has said.
It said it believed waste from some houses was still being pumped into rivers and brooks rather than sewers.
Recently there were huge build ups of sewage fungus found on the River Sowe and Canley Brook caused by the high nutrient levels found in raw sewage and detergents.
Houses built since 1920 are connected to two separate sewer systems: one for the surface water from driveways, roads or rain from roof, and one which takes toilet, washing machine, shower, dishwasher and sinks waste to treatment plants.
But it appears some built before then have not been replumbed.
Meetings are being planned in the new year in Canley, Wyken and Walsgrave to try to resolve the problems.
A trust spokesman saidquite often homeowners were not aware there was a misconnection on their property and assumed all water from their property was treated and cleaned.
"The good news is that checking for misconnections is a simple process that everyone can do, and if it turns out you do have a misconnection on your property the likelihood is that it will be a pretty simple task for a trained plumber to set right."
Signs of white sewage fungus in Canley Brook (s)
1 Worst council budget cuts to jobs and services unveiled
2 Godiva Festival faces council cuts axe
3 Coventry City bid to own Ricoh with Wasps rejected
4 Protest over claim new 50m pool may be outside Coventry
5 Doctorate for Stephen Sutton
THE COMPANY which runs the Ricoh Arena is
PLANS to knock down an old bakery and
A REALITY TV show based in Coventry will
A MAN has died after allegedly being assaulted
POLICE are trying to trace a man who may be ...
SOLIHULL'S sweetheart Lucy Martin made a guest appearance on the ...
A PENSIONER is believed to have died shortly after an ...
MORE than two thirds of ambulance staff went out on ...


text:
Tag: a-tiny-tribe
WWDC 2010: Interview with Moodboard developer Chris Nurre
I believe we've mentioned Moodboard exactly once on the site before, as one of Brett's picks back when the iPad first released. But it deserves another mention -- developer Chris Nurre of A Tiny Tribe (a company founded with a friend to help pay for skeleton equipment and travel) stopped by to see ...
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text:
A variable area exhaust device is provided for a gas turbine engine, with the actuation thereof being achieved by means other than conventional actuators. Area variation is accomplished by means of a rotatable duct section forming the downstream extremity of the exhaust device. A portion of the duct comprises a nozzle flap and another portion comprises a piston disposed in a pressure plenum and adapted to at least partially balance the exhaust gas loads on the flap portion to facilitate actuation thereof.
1. An exhaust device for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a casing defining, to its interior, an exhaust fluid flow path and, partially defining, to its exterior, pressure plenum means;
a variable postion flap spaced from said casing to define said exhaust fluid flow path therebetween to control flow path area; and
piston means operatively connected to the flap, said piston means partially defining the plenum means and exterior to the flow path; wherein said plenum means and said piston means comprise a first actuation means to at least partially balance exhaust pressure loads on the flap.
2. The exhaust device of claim 1 wherein said plenum means communicates with a source of compressed air which provides the force to actuate said piston means.
3. An exhaust device for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a casing defining, in part, an exhaust fluid flow path and open at opposing ends to accommodate the passage of exhaust fluid therethrough;
a variable position flap to control flow path area; and
first flap actuation means comprising variable area pressure plenum means defined, in part, by said casing, and pistion means disposed within the plenum means and operatively connected to the flap to at least partially balance exhaust pressure loads on the flap; wherein
the flap and the piston means cooperate to form a variable position duct further defining the exhaust fluid flow path, said duct receiving a portion of the casing within one end thereof and adapted to pivot about an axis generally perpendicular to the casing longitudinal axis.
4. The exhaust device of claim 3 wherein the portion of the casing received within the duct is of generally C-shaped cross section.
5. The exhaust device of claim 3 wherein the flap and the pistion means are generally opposed to each other.
6. The exhaust device of claim 3 wherein the flap and the piston means cooperate to form a circumferentially continuous integral duct.
7. The exhaust device of claim 3 wherein said flap comprises a downstream extremity of said exhaust device.
8. The exhaust device of claim 1 wherein the plenum means is further defined by at least one arcuate sealing surface means.
9. The exhaust device of claim 8 wherein the piston means is adapted to pivot within said plenum means.
10. The exhaust device of claim 8 wherein sealing means are disposed between the piston means and the sealing surface means.
11. The exhaust device of claim 1 further including second flap actuation means operatively connected to the piston means, and wherein the first actuation means and the second actuation means each provide a portion of the actuation force necessary to position the flap.
12. The exhaust device of claim 11 wherein the second flap actuation means is of the hydraulic variety.
13. The exhaust device of claim 3 wherein the variable position duct is hinged to the casing.
14. The exhaust device of claim 1 wherein the variable position flap cooperates with the casing to define a minimum flow path area throat therebetween.
15. The exhaust device of claim 1 further including a thermal liner disposed within the casing and forming a cooling passage therebetween, said cooling passage receiving a source of pressurized air from a compression means and wherein the cooling passage is fluidly connected to the plenum.
16. The exhaust device of claim 15 wherein the means for fluidly connecting the cooling passage and the plenum comprises aperture means disposed within said casing.
17. The exhaust device of claim 3 wherein said duct is substantially elliptical in cross section.
18. The exhaust device of claim 3 further including a deflector member cooperating with the flap to vector the exhaust fluid.
19. An exhaust device for a gas turbine engine comprising:
a casing defining, in part, an exhaust fluid flow path and open at opposing ends to accommodate the passage of exhaust fluid therethrough; and
a variable position duct further defining the exhaust fluid flow path, said duct receiving a portion of the casing within one end thereof and adapted to pivot about an axis generally perpendicular to the casing longitudinal axis, wherein; and
a first portion of the duct forms a flap which cooperates with the casing to control flow path area therebetween, and
a second portion of the duct, generally opposed to the first portion thereof and comprising a piston means which is adapted to be acted upon by a source of pressurized fluid to facilitate actuation of said flap.
20. The exhaust device of claim 19 wherein said piston means is disposed within a pressure plenum means formed, in part, by arcuate sealing surface means.
21. The exhaust device of claim 20 wherein:
said casing includes a convergent ramp portion; and
said ramp portion and said flap cooperate to form a throat therebetween.
22. The exhaust device of claim 20 wherein the portion of the casing received by the duct is of generally C-shaped cross section.
23. The exhaust device of claim 19 wherein the first portion of the duct is hinged to the casing.
24. The exhaust device of claim 19 wherein the piston means is adapted to balance the forces of the exhaust fluid upon the flap.
This invention relates to gas turbine engines and, more particularly, to variable area exhaust nozzles for use therein.
The invention herein described was made in the course of or under a contract, or a subcontract thereunder, with the United States Department of the Air Force.
In modern, high-speed, multimission aircraft a requirement frequently exists for the gas turbine engines to have an augmented thrust (afterburning) capability. This necessitates large nozzle exit area variations as the engine switches between the augmented and non-augmented modes. In the subsonic, non-augmented mode the nozzle exit area is considerably smaller than the maximum engine diameter. Whether the engines are mounted within pods or within the aircraft structure (wing or fuselage), rapid external cross-sectional area closure rates are experienced. In other words, the external flowpath of the engine converges rapidly to the nozzle exit. These high area closure rates quite often result in high pressure drag.
Pressure drag penalties are incurred because air flowing along the aircraft surfaces, for example, may wholly or partially separate from the afterbody (or convergent) surfaces due to rapid contour changes associated with the aforementioned high closure rate. Separation of flow will usually create reduced pressures (below ambient) on the afterbody surfaces with a resultant increase in aircraft drag. A region particularly vulnerable is that between round axisymmetric nozzles of laterally adjacent engines operating at non-augmented power levels. This region is particularly difficult to fill with high energy ambient air because of the diverging nature of the space between nozzles and the complex flow field involved. Efforts to fill this space with mechanical structure to improve the area distribution have been only marginally successful due to the variable area requirements for the round axisymmetric exhaust nozzles.
One solution to this problem is to contour the exhaust nozzle such that it conformably mates with the adjacent structure, the preferred profile being asymmetric rather than axisymmetric, and a convenient shape being substantially elliptical or rectangular. Thus, if a substantially rectangular or elliptical exhaust nozzle were placed under a flat wing or fuselage, or adjacent to another engine, there would be substantially fewer voids to create afterbody pressure drag.
Both analytical studies and scale model wind tunnel performance tests have shown that aerodynamically blended asymmetric exhaust systems can provide significant reduction in nozzle/nacelle drag relative to round nozzles, as much as 10 percent of total aircraft drag. This is accomplished by providing a more gradual overall nacelle area closure rate, even at dry power conditions, and by providing a better aerodynamic blend of the exhaust system with the airframe nacelle, thereby eliminating locally severe area distributions. In particular, the space between adjacent nozzles of closely spaced engines is minimized, thereby avoiding one source of severe pressure drag.
Asymmetric nozzles, however, because of their noncircular cross section, create difficult mechanical design challenges due to large structural bending moments, stresses and the large actuation forces where area variation is incorporated. Since nozzle area variation is desirable for efficient operation of a gas turbine engine throughout the aircraft flight regime and is required for afterburning operation, it is advantageous to provide the asymmetric nozzle with this capability. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide a variable area nozzle having a minimum potential for flow leakage since a loss of exhaust flow through nozzle flaps or seals results in an equivalent loss in engine thrust.
To satisfy these requirements it becomes convenient to displace or rotate one portion of an asymmetric nozzle with respect to the remainder such that essentially one wall (herein denominated as a flap) of the rotated portion controls the area variation of the nozzle. Due to the large area of this flap, large actuation forces are required to move it against the exhaust pressure, thereby necessitating heavy actuators and associated hardware such as power supplies (pumps) and load-bearing structure. Since weight is a primary consideration in designing any aircraft component, it becomes desirable to reduce, and if possible to eliminate, the weight of an asymmetric exhaust nozzle area variation mechanism.
Furthermore, it is desirable to provide an asymmetric exhaust nozzle which possesses high internal aerodynamic performance in conjunction with low afterbody drag and variable geometry characteristics. Several prior attempts at providing area variation in an asymmetric nozzle have resulted in configurations wherein discontinuities in the internal aerodynamic flow path were present in one or more of the nozzle operative modes. It can be appreciated that such loss-creating mechanisms in the internal flow path, in addition to the flow leakage hereinbefore mentioned, can offset the substantial benefits obtainable through asymmetric contouring of the external profile.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a variable area exhaust nozzle which greatly reduces afterbody drag when combined with an aircraft structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle with a variable exhaust throat area and to provide the necessary area variation with minimum leakage potential.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an asymmetric nozzle which incorporates a reduced weight area variation mechanism.
These and other objects and advantages will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description, drawings and specific examples, all of which are intended to be typical of rather than in any way limiting to the scope of the present invention.
Briefly stated, the invention is directed to a low-afterbody drag nozzle arrangement for a gas turbine engine having variable flow path geometry. While not so limiting, a preferred arrangement generally includes a substantially circular stationary casing structure which transists to a generally C-shaped portion and terminates in a generally elliptical, variable position, duct section pivotably disposed about the C-shaped portion and pivotable thereabout. The pivot-connecting wall of the duct section forms a flap on the downstream extremity of the generally circular casing and cooperates with the opposing C-shaped casing structure to form a variable area nozzle throat therebetween.
To counter the high actuation forces created by the exhaust pressure on the large area of the one-piece flap, a unique, pressure-balanced piston system has been developed. This pressure balance system utilizes a portion of the pivotable duct section as a balance piston. In particular, the wall segment generally opposite the flap is disposed outside the C-shaped nozzle exhaust flow path and within the casing structure and functions as a piston. A plenum formed by stationary structure within the casing receives the piston in sliding relationship. By bleeding air from a compression means, such as the engine compressor or fan assembly, actuator loads required to position the flap are substantially reduced or eliminated. In other words, the compressed air actuates the piston which, in turn, is operatively connected to the flap.
In another embodiment wherein the pressure within the plenum is insufficient to overcome the flap loading, supplementary actuators are operatively connected to the piston. The entire nozzle arrangement may be duplicated in a pair of laterally adjacent engines, the substantially elliptical, or rectangular, profile significantly reducing the afterbody drag of the system.
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as part of the present invention, it is believed that the invention will be more fully understood from the following description of the preferred embodiment which is given by way of example with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 diagrammatically depicts, in partial cut-away, a wing-mounted gas turbine engine incorporating the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the engine of FIG. 1 depicting the exhaust device in one operating mode;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view, similar to FIG. 2, depicting the exhaust device in a second operational mode;
FIG. 4 is a composite cross-sectional view, taken along line 4A--4A of FIG. 2 and line 4B--4B of FIG. 3, of the exhaust device of the present invention; and
FIG. 5 depicts the aft view of a representative installation of the exhaust device of the present invention in an aircraft.
Referring the drawings wherein like numerals correspond to like elements throughout, attention is first directed to FIG. 1 wherein a gas turbine engine, depicted generally at 10 and which can embody the present invention, is diagrammatically shown. Hot gases of combustion are expanded through a turbine (not shown) in a manner well known in the art and enters exhaust device 12 from the left as depicted by vector 14. In another embodiment, the hot gases of combustion may be mixed with fan discharge air prior to entering exhaust device 12. As used hereinafter, the term "exhaust device" is meant to include a fan duct exhaust nozzle, or any other gas turbine engine exhaust nozzle, whether or not it is preceded in serial flow relationship by a combustor. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the gas turbine engine has been augmented by an afterburner 16 of a variety known in the art.
As can readily seen from FIGS. 1 through 3, the exhaust system depicted is of the internal-external expansion type with internal nozzle area variation. As will be shown, such a system can be conformably nested with an aircraft wing 18, for example, to provide an aerodynamically streamlined package which lacks the voids characteristic of high afterbody drag systems and generally caused by two or more laterally adjacent engines with round nozzles.
The exhaust device is shown to comprise, proximate the turbine a generally cylindrical casing 20 defining an exhaust gas flow path 22. Since it is desirable to reduce afterbody drag, the casing 20 gradually transists to a generally elliptical cross section starting at approximately the vicinity of 24, and converges to form a fixed position internal ramp 26. This ramp, being an integral portion of the fixed casing structure 20, serves as a flow guide and aids achievement of high nozzle internal performance for all nozzle area settings.
Continuing rearwardly, it is observed that the casing transists into a C-shaped cross section in the form of a scoop with the opening of the C pointing downward and partially defined by a generally axially extending surface 28. In other words, a segment of the axially extending elliptical casing has been removed along surface 28 leaving a circumferentially discontinuous duct which, but for the succeeding elements, would allow the exhaust gases to expand radially downward.
A generally elliptical duct section 30 is pivotably disposed about the C-shaped ramp portion 26 of casing 20 and forms the downstream extremity of casing 20 at 32 where the two structures are pivotably connected. Thus, in the cross-sectional view of FIGS. 2 and 3, duct section 30 forms a variable position flap 34 upon the downstream extremity of lower casing wall 36, the flap cooperating with the fixed position ramp 26 to form a variable position throat 38 therebetween (the throat being defined as the minimum cross-sectional area within flow path 22). The size of the throat area is a function of the operating mode of the engine and aircraft and is varied either by crew command or automatically in accordance with engine requirements to optimize performance as is well understood in the art. Typically, the nozzle area is open during a low altitude take-off and at the appropriate altitude after take-off, depending on the aircraft, the nozle is closed in order to achieve necesary cruise thrust. In the present invention, nozzle throat area variation is achieved by rotating duct section 30 about its pivot point 32, thus altering the position of flap 34 relative to ramp 26.
To at least partially counter the high actuation forces created by the thrust of gas pressure on the large surface area of the one-piece flap, a unique pressure balance piston system has been developed. This system utilizes a portion 40 of the pivotable duct 30 as a balance piston (hereinafter denominated as piston 40). Piston 40 is the segment of the duct 30 generally opposite flap 34 and which is disposed externally of flow path 22 within the wall segment defined by ramp 26.
A pressure plenum 42 located within casing 20 serves as a cylinder for receiving piston 40 in sliding relationship therewith. In particular, in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 through 4, the plenum is defined by ramp 26, two arcuate sealing surfaces 44 and 46 and the piston 40 which is disposed between the sealing surfaces 44 and 46. In addition to providing a sealing seat for the resilient seals 48 and 50, attached to piston 40, surfaces 44 and 46 also serve as guides to direct the travel of piston 40 along the arcuate path therebetween. Supports 52 (only one of which is shown in FIGS. 2 through 4) extending between casing 20 and sealing surface 46 provide rigidity to the surface 46 which, in cross section, is cantilevered off of ramp 26.
Thermal liner 54 is disposed within casing 20 in spacial relationship thereto to form a passage 56 therebetween. While not meant to be limiting, the liner is shown to be of the singled liner variety which permits a flow of cooling air within passage 56 to be dispersed through apertures 58 between overlapping liner segments 60 to form a cooling film along the radially inward side thereof. Such a thermal liner is taught and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,712,062, D. O. Nash, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
It will become clear that actuation of piston 40 may be accomplished in two distinct modes. First, where the available pressure in plenum 42 is sufficient to overcome the flap forces, movement of piston 40 may be accomplished solely by regulating the amount of pressure within the plenum. In a second mode where the pressure within plenum 42 is insufficient to overcome the flap forces, supplemental actuators are required.
Since the flow of cooling air is typically obtained from the discharge of the turbine or fan portion of a gas turbine engine, it becomes convenient to utilize the same source for pressurization of plenum 42. In particular, means such as apertures 62 are provided to pass pressurized air into balance plenum 42 as necessary to actuate piston 40 in a manner to be discussed. However, it will become apparent to one skilled in the art that any suitable means may be provided to supply pressurized air into plenum 42 and that this invention is not limited by the configuration of FIG. 3. Accordingly, FIG. 2 indicates a generalized passage 64 which fluidly connects pressure plenum 42 with a generalized compression source 66.
In operation, assuming that the duct 30 is positioned as in FIGS. 2 and 4A and it is desirable to reduce the throat area 38, pressurized fluid such as air is bled into plenum 42. The relatively high pressure air acting upon the surface area of piston 40 creates a force in opposition to that created by the exhaust gas acting upon the surface area of flap 34. As discussed hereinbefore, if the force on the piston exceeds the force on the flap, the duct 30 will pivot counterclockwise about pivot 32 to the position depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4B.
If the force is less than that on the flap, supplemental actuating means are required to make up the difference. Thus, actuators 68 have been provided to supplement the pressure balance plenum system. The actuators are operatively connected at one end to the casing 20 by pivot 70 while being operatively connected at their other end to piston 40 through clevis 72. These actuators may be of any known variety, preferably of the hydraulic or pneumatic type. It can be appreciated that, since actuators 68 serve merely a supplementary role when the force exerted on piston 40 is less than that exerted on flap 34, the size of the actuators is substantially less than where they must provide the primary means for actuation. Therefore, the weight of the system may be reduced.
The sequence of events is reversed where it is desired to increase the throat area 38. The pressure within the plenum 42 is reduced to where the force on the piston is less than that on flap 34, causing the duct 30 to rotate clockwise about pivot 32. As the plenum size is reduced, the air therein is forced out through either the same means by which it entered or through outlet valves such as at 74. Similarly, if actuators 68 have been provided, and if the forces acting upon piston 40 and flap 34 were maintained substantially equal, the actuators would be able to position duct 30 with relative ease. Thus, an actuation mechanism for a variable area asymmetric nozzle has been provided which is of minimum complexity and weight.
Further, the nozzle system provided includes a reduced potential for exhaust gas leakage. Since duct 30 is of continuous construction, and since seals 48, 50 preclude leakage between piston 40 and sealing surfaces 44, 46, respectively, the only remaining potential leakage path is between the pressure balance piston 40 and ramp portion 26 of casing 20. However, this passage is restricted as indicated in FIG. 4 by means of seals 76 which are depicted to be of the spring seal variety, but which could be of several known varieties without departing from the broad intent of the present invention.
FIG. 5 depicts an integration of two engines incorporating the subject exhaust nozzle with an aircraft wing section 80. It is readily apparent that the smooth blending of the subject nozzle into the wing results in greatly reduced afterbody drag since voids which create external air separation have been eliminated as hereinbefore discussed. Additionally, the present invention provides an aerodynamically smooth internal and external nozzle flow path and thereby minimizes pressure losses caused by steps in the side walls. In particular, the ducts 30 and casing 20 can be easily contoured at their region of telescopic cooperation as indicated in FIG. 4.
Another interesting feature of the subject nozzle is that if wing section 80 comprises a wing flap (FIGS. 1 through 3) the flap 34 may be positioned in predetermined relationship with wing flap 80 to provide for a degree of thrust vectoring, and controls may be devised to accomplish such a function.
It should be obvious to one skilled in the art that certain changes can be made to the above-described invention without departing from the broad inventive concepts thereof. For example, the engines may be mounted in side-by-side relationship within pods affixed to the aircraft wing or fuselage, or may be directly mounted within the wing or fuselage. In an embodiment wherein an engine is rotated approximately 90�, the ramp 34 may be mounted entirely upon the aircraft fuselage. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the actuators 68 may be mounted to the aircraft structure or be disposed within the plenum. Additionally, it is intended that the invention be applicable to all types of gas turbine engines, whether of the turbofan, turbojet, afterburning variety or otherwise. Still further, the concept of the pressurebalanced flap is applicable to nozzles of cross section other than elliptical. It is intended that the appended claims cover these and all other variations in the present invention's broader inventive concepts.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
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