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Pronunciation: /ˈɪrətəbəl; ˈɪrɪtəbəl/
Translation of irritable in Spanish:
- 1 (bad-tempered) [person/mood] irritable, quisquilloso; [reply/tone of voice] irritadoExample sentences
- She seemed irritable, and annoyed with my every move.
- The wait would grate so terribly on my nerves that I could easily be irritable for days afterwards, but that particular drive was different.
- Will asked, starting to get annoyed, the pain in his head making him more irritable.
- 2 (sensitive) [skin/scalp] sensibleExample sentences
- I still have irritable bowels though and sometimes the pain keeps me up at night.
- Because their skin is inherently irritable, patients with atopic diseases may not tolerate topical retinoids, even if they apply a moisturiser.
- The drugs that treat asthma either relax the bronchial spasm, or reduce the inflammation that makes the bronchial tubes swollen and irritable to minor irritants.
Definition of irritable in:
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- US English synonyms
- Spanish dictionary
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Bonoloto is a Spanish state lottery established in 1988. The others are the Lotería Nacional and the Lotería Primitiva. As with the Lotería Primitiva six numbers are marked on a ticket showing forty-nine numbers and win the main prize if all the numbers come up in the draw.


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i like this card
The card is sooooooooooooooo qute.... Express passion for true love
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A passionate romantic card to express your warm love emotions!
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My Endless Love... Song by: Diana Ross and Lionel Richie - My Endless Love
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A sweet & sincere promise of love for your special someone!
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Music by christine calder aka cc50 used with her permission. Send this romantic ecard...
A cute card to share with that one and only, your sweetheart.
Send this love card and make his/ her day pleasant.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Presley, PSC challenge air pollution rule
On Sept. 22, Commissioner Brandon Presley announced that the Mississippi Public Service Commission will file suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the Federal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia no later than October 7, 2011 to challenge the federal agency's "Cross-State Air Pollution Rule" that Presley says will cost Mississippi consumers millions through higher power bills if not challenged.
"I've never met a rate hike that I like," Presley said. "It's common sense to not impose fees that will lead to utility rate hikes in these tough economic times. "We all want the cleanest air and water. And we must do that by finding win-win situations where we protect our natural resources without sticking it to Mississippians pocketbooks." Presley said.
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#220 - twelveinchessoft (04/05/2013) [-]
Wait so after hearing what she said... You responded like a DEAF person would and made it obvious that you were responding to what you heard her say. Maybe you are retarded.
#230 - MakiChan (04/07/2013) [-]
its not only reserved for them and only them to use. true if one is in line and thats the one to open up, its in good manners to let them go ahead of you to use it. they also tend to have the babay changing things in it, so you get the mother with all the kids that want to use it as well.
i personally tend to use the the bigger stalls since i dont like most small spaces. and some are just way too small you can hardly move in it anyway.
i personally tend to use the the bigger stalls since i dont like most small spaces. and some are just way too small you can hardly move in it anyway.
#227 - drdropzz (04/05/2013) [-]
**drdropzz rolled a random image posted in comment #182 at Dangit Tumblr! **
#224 - kwizzy (04/05/2013) [-]
**kwizzy rolled a random image posted in comment #3763790 at My Little Pony fanfiction, backgrounds, songs, lyrics, and GIFs. ** MFW fake retard
#180 - lorddoctoroftardis (04/05/2013) [-]
#200 to #180 - AnotherPornStar (04/05/2013) [-]
#217 to #200 - hazardousmx (04/05/2013) [-]
#187 - sparkofinsanity (04/05/2013) [-]**sparkofinsanity rolled a random image posted in comment #1388604 at Friendly ** HFW
0#184 - falconxmard has deleted their comment [-]
#169 - infinitesinz (04/05/2013) [-]
Is it bad if I didn't even know the bigger stalls were for wheelchair access?......
#173 - harryblazer (04/05/2013) [-]
**** about her opiniin, but I left it in the bathroom for her fatass to find
#153 - kinglobster (04/05/2013) [-]
didnt happen
#152 - slendertitties (04/05/2013) [-]
This is my worst fear, because I always use the handicapped stall. I think about it EVERY time I use a public bathroom. I always think that the chances are too slim, but even in a hypothetical situation I have never thought up a good excuse to use. I never thought about acting retarded. Genius.
#149 - kristernorge (04/05/2013) [-]
#147 - pwnutbutter (04/05/2013) [-]
FFS......This story was stolen from 4chan.
0#118 - sinceresandwich **User deleted account** has deleted their comment [-]
-2#47 - rosietheamazon has deleted their comment [-]


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Kilmarnock have taken Italian forward Filippo Boniperti on trial from Parma.
The former Juventus player trained with Allan Johnston's side on Thursday as he looks to win a deal with the Scottish Premiership side.
Boniperti spent the first half of the campaign on loan with Serie B side Crotone, making seven substitute appearances and failing to find the net.
The 22-year-old made his competitive debut in football with Juventus in 2010, coming off the bench in a 1-1 draw with Manchester City in the Europa League.
He then made one league appearance from the bench for the Old Lady, playing the second half of a 2-2 draw with Napoli in May 2011.
Loan spells with Ascoli, Carpi and Empoli before being transferred to Parma last January.
The former Italy Under-19 international came off the bench twice for I Gialloblu last season, playing a total of six minutes.
He is also the grandson of legendary Juventus forward Giampiero Boniperti, who was the club's leading goalscorer and appearance holder for over 40 years before his records were broken by Alessandro del Piero.
More About Latest transfer news
- Partick Thistle sign free agent Frederic Frans on deal until January
- Jim McIntyre makes Martin Woods his second Ross County signing
- James McFadden completes move to St Johnstone until end of season
- Hearts coaches to get Spanish lessons to help new boy Pallardo settle
- Kilmarnock complete one-year deal for defender Darryl Westlake
- David Clarkson joins Dundee following successful trial period
- Hibernian hand deal to Dominique Malonga after injury to El Alagui
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- Cowdenbeath sign Kilmarnock veteran James Fowler on one-month loan
- Aberdeen complete the signing of Adam Rooney from Oldham Athletic


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Braid: After defecting, there's plenty of explaining for MLAs to do
Crossing the legislature floor; it's hell on swivel-chair wheels
Braid: Wildrose defections stun Smith, put future in doubt
Breakenridge: MLAs have little choice but to accept gay-straight clubs in schools
Corbella: Women MPs should tell Canadians the nature of sexual harassment complaints
Milke: How the West has won Canada's youth
More Columnists
Public parks should not be for saleShould being wealthy and respected for being charitable and kind allow someone to purchase public parkland? Catherine Ford says no.
Mike Rogers reminisces about his days as Gordie Howe's teammateAll of us have been holding our breath since learning Gordie Howe had suffered the worst of a series of strokes on Oct. 26th that paralyzed his right side. Already suffering from dementia, Howe can neither walk nor speak now.
Braid: A testy, testing first week in legislatureIn the new legislature sitting this week, the opposition MLAs circled Premier Jim Prentice like piranhas, trying to figure out if it's safe to swarm him. Not quite yet, Wildrose decided, while the Liberals and the NDP gave it a tentative try.
Gallery: Editorial cartoons that found the markSome editorial cartoons are hard to forget. They can reveal the crux of an issue like nothing else can. Here is our pick of the cartoons that landed directly on the bulls-eye.
Braid: He means it — there could be higher income taxes down the roadIt started with a hint, rolled along with a nudge and a wink, and firmed up Wednesday with a solid statement from Premier Jim Prentice.
Braid: Prentice is good, but is he lucky?EDMONTON — To succeed over time, political leaders need plenty of skill and even more luck. It's beginning to seem that Premier Jim Prentice isn't so lucky.
Braid: No bling in throne speech, but look out for tollsEDMONTON — Just before Lt.-Gov. Donald Ethell started speaking, oil prices finished another day of falling. And the throne speech he delivered was a cautious thing, crafted by a government sharply aware of looming trouble.
Menthol cigarettes are a drag — snuff them outIan Mitchell, Juliet Guichon, Candice Bjornson and Marielena DiBartolo Before Health Minister Stephen Mandel was elected, the legislature passed a private member's bill making the sale of flavoured
Braid: Alberta's R-word — revenue — is back on the tableThe old revenue bogey raises its ugly little head again, just before Premier Jim Prentice steps into the legislature chamber for the first time on Monday. This could revive Wildrose into a new frenzy of tax busting, and set a combative tone for the early days of the legislature session.
Braid: Triumphant Tories gather in Banff as opening session looms for PrenticeBANFF — This convention isn't just a love-in. It's more like a political orgasm — a burst of affection for the great redeemer, Premier Jim Prentice. The mood of the Progressive Conservative meeting
Martinuk: Attack on aboriginal teen is no reason for an inquiryThe details behind the sexual assault and beating of 16-year-old Rinelle Harper are horrific, to say the least. The Winnipeg teen was brutally attacked last Friday night and left for dead by the Assiniboine River.
Simons: Judge goes to great lengths to grasp killer mom's motivesImagine you're a justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, sitting in judgment in one of the most difficult and disturbing child abuse cases Alberta has ever seen.
Don Braid: For Wildrose, it's a long way from Red Deer to BanffChoice of neighbourhood says a lot, in real estate and politics too. This weekend the governing PCs will hold their annual convention at the glorious Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel.
Bisons in confident mood ahead of Hardy CupIf the Manitoba Bisons play half as tough as their boss looks at the moment ... "I am,'' concedes Brian Dobie, "a bit of a mess.'' As if he'd only just collided with Manny Pacquiao's right fist and not a frozen projectile posing as a football.


text:
Catalogue Number: 200-1605
- Play games with friends around the world
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With a Xbox LIVE Gold membership you can connect and play with friends around the world and watch thousands of HD movies instantly. Surf the web on your TV with Internet Explorer for Xbox or access catch-up and on-demand services such as Netflix and the BBC iPlayer. Attach your Xbox 360 to a Kinect peripheral and use voice commands to easily find movies, TV shows, music and games. Or even use your phone or tablet as a second screen to control and interact with what you're watching. In addition to Xbox LIVE features like available game add-ons, full game downloads, Xbox LIVE Arcade games and fashions and props for your avatar, you'll receive exclusive Xbox LIVE discounts.
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Holler at us
Open starting Wednesday September 19th 2012 for breakfast & lunch Monday through Saturday. Soon to offer event space and event catering.
Phone: 901-525-0883
Fax: 901-526-0005
Operations Manager: Patti Bancroft email@example.com
Kitchen Manager: Melissa Massie email@example.com
Come visit us here!
View Larger Map
Until you can visit us in person, visit us on Facebook!
Bon Ton Cafe is located at 150 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38103-2608


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Son of Hugh (Mercia) of Mercia and [mother unknown]
[sibling(s) unknown]
Husband of Æthelflæda (Wessex) Mercia — married in Mercia, England
Father of Aelfwynn Mercia
Profile managers: Katherine Patterson [send private message], Stephen Richard Wilkinson [send private message], Fontaine Wiatt [send private message], Michelle Bailey [send private message], and Darrell Parker [send private message]
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State employees injured by carnival trailer wreck
WESTMINSTER An East Calais woman was one of two state employees injured Tuesday afternoon when a box truck hauling a carnival cotton candy trailer jackknifed on Interstate 91 and hit their car.
Vermont State Police said Patricia Ethier, 44, was driving the state Department of Labor car and Aaron Lewis, 38, no address given, was her passenger. Both were taken to Brattleboro Memorial Hospital. According to a state employee directory, both work for the Department of Labor in Montpelier.
A spokeswoman at the hospital said she could not confirm whether either was a patient there.
Police said both were wearing their seat belts.
Police said a box truck driven by Karl Blanton, of Lenoir, N.C., was southbound on Interstate 91 at about 1:45 p.m. when it left the road.
Both northbound and southbound traffic was reduced to one lane until the two state employees were freed from their vehicle, a Ford Fusion. Rescue workers cut the top off the vehicle, police said.MORE IN This Just InBARRE Hannaford Supermarket in South Barre recently presented Project Independence with a much... Full StoryDANVILLE The post office in Danville is being renamed for Thaddeus Stevens, the Vermont native... Full StoryNORTHFIELD Construction is underway on a new medical building on the campus of Norwich... Full Story
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Listen up stateside fans of Cutler & Gross: While the British eyewear company (and collaborator with the likes of Comme des Garçons and Martin Margiela) hasn't yet opened a U.S. store (hey, Manhattan real estate's expensive), you can now find an unheard-of collection—over 400 styles of logo-free new and vintage sunglasses and spectacles—at the Noho branch of New York's Selima Optique. Opening today and lasting until April 25th, the pop-up shop features frames you won't be able to find anywhere else in the U.S. It's all in celebration of Cutler & Gross's 40th anniversary in business. Stop by and congratulate them if you're in New York—the awesome assortment of handcrafted specs alone is worth making the trek. Selima Optique, 7 Bond St., New York, NY
Fashion News
For a Limited Time Only: Cutler & Gross
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Spirit Gear
1897 Sumac Ave. Boulder, CO 80304 Attendance Line: 720-561-5459Phone: 720-561-5461Fax: 720-561-2855
Directions & Map
School Hours: 7:50 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.Office Hours: 7:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
Principal: Ned LevineAsst. Principal: Tanya Santee
NEW! Crest View Student Directory - is now available online. Check your email for the password. Click here to access the link.
Tuesday, Nov. 18, 6 PM: 5th Grade Vocal Music Concert - Crest View gym/stage
Friday, November 21st, 7:00 PM at the Pepsi Center - BVSD Community Night with the Denver NuggetsDeeply discounted tickets available with a portion benefiting BVSD. You may order tickets online by November 17th at: Nuggets Tickets (follow the link & select Crest View)
NO SCHOOL Monday, Nov. 24 - Friday, Nov. 28 Happy Thanksgiving!
December 8, 2014 & January 8, 2015 from 9-10 AM: School ToursPlease join us for a guided school tour led by 5th grade students. At the end of your tour, you are invited to enjoy coffee in the library & mingle with current parents, the Principal and Assistant Principal. Feel free to ask them any questions you may have. No RSVP required.
January 12, 2015, 6-7 PM: Incoming Kindergarten Info NightPlease join us for an informative evening designed specifically for parents of incoming kindergarten students. The administration, Kindergarten team and Kindergarten Enrichment (KE) team present information about our school and the registration process. No RSVP required.


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The film is being produced by TV 5 Productions and Sai Krishna Productions jointly. Amma Rajashekar choreographed this song and it goes like "Sayyare... Sayyar... Naa Saruke Bangaree...".
Sharing her feelings for her new experience, Rakhi said that she was happy to be back in Telugu film after a long gap. And she is really happy working with Kumar as the director and DS Rao in the position of the producer.
Story first published: Wednesday, May 14, 2008, 11:42 [IST]


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The father and mother had divorced before the birth of their daughter, and the father, who described himself as an active parent, had seen his daughter on an every-other-weekend basis.
The evangelical Christian environment in which his daughter was being raised, the father believed, had been harmful to her development. He continued:


text:
While WWE has been proclaiming that the voting process for the Slammy Awards has been completely legitimate, there are many that are skeptical because they feel that AJ Lee would have garnered the most votes for the Diva of the Year award.
To further promote his teased rivalry with Daniel Bryan, Shawn Michaels was presented with the Double Cross of the Year award on Monday Night Raw. A potential match between the two at Wrestlemania is still being discussed.
On Monday Night Raw, Daniel Bryan was presented with the Superstar of the Year award as rumored. It was a widely praised move backstage, and the fact that the event was held in Washington made it that much easier of a decision.
On Monday Night Raw, Nikki Bella and Brie Bella were presented with the Diva of the Year award. The crowd was rather indifferent towards the two of them, as they were giving their quick acceptance speech.
There are talks that WWE will have Daniel Bryan winning the Superstar of the Year award during Monday Night Raw, so that they can further tease a potential match against Shawn Michaels, who happens to be presenting tonight.
There is a Beard of the Year category at the Slammy Awards at Monday Night Raw, and the nominees are Daniel Bryan, the Wyatt Family, Damien Sandow and Zeb Colter.
Undertaker vs CM Punk, John Cena vs Rock, Cody Rhodes & Goldust vs Shield and Triple H vs Brock Lesnar have been nominated for Match of the Year at the Slammy Awards show on Monday Night Raw this week.
Bret Hart has been chosen to award the Match of the Year during the Slammy Awards show on Monday Night Raw this week.
Shawn Michaels will be returning to Monday Night Raw this week, where the WWE legend is scheduled to present the Superstar of the Year award to someone.
John Cena, Randy Orton, CM Punk, Daniel Bryan, Big Show and Brock Lesnar have all been announced as nominees for Superstar of the Year. The Slammy Awards are taking place on Monday Night Raw this week.
Eve Torres has signed on to return to WWE next week on Monday Night Raw to present the winner of the Diva of the Year award.
WWE has announced the nominees for the Diva of the Year award, and the list includes AJ Lee, Bella Twins, Funkadactyls, Natalya Neidhart, Kaitlyn and Eva Marie.
Former TNA knockout SoCal Val posted an interesting picture of herself riding in a shopping cart.
Former TNA knockout SoCal Val will be joining Kevin Nash, Scott Hall and Sean Waltman at an autograph signing in England this week.
SoCal Val revealed the centerfold picture she posed for in Business Cycles Ink.
While she has been spotted at several of their events, WWE has not expressed much interest in signing SoCal Val.


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1-20 of 40 items from 2014 « Prev | Next »
5 November 2014 9:30 AM, PST | Digital Spy | See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news »
With Daniel Radcliffe now sporting a pair of horns at screens worldwide, we decided to pit a few other big-screen Beelzebubs against one another in head-to-head combat.
The only rules? No kids (see you, Rosemary's Baby), animals (laters, Devil Dog: Hound Of Hell) or metaphorical stand-ins (ciao, Keyser Söze). Let the Luci-face off commence...
The Heavyweights
Louis Cyphre (Robert De Niro) in Angel Heart (1987)
An espresso-sipping, egg-peeling businessman with a luxuriant mullet – well, it was the 1980s – Louis Cyphre (De Niro) casts a quietly seething shadow across Alan Parker's dank New Orleans noir. Despite his "dimestore joke" name ("Mephistopheles is such a mouthful in Manhattan," he tells Mickey Rourke's fall-guy Pi) and lethal talons, there's a subtlety to De Niro's El Diablo that means he only needs to raise an eyebrow to convey an eternity of egg-bound malevolence.
John Milton (Al Pacino) in The Devil's Advocate (1997)
More Gordon Gecko than genuine fiend, »
29 October 2014 9:02 AM, PDT | Den of Geek | See recent Den of Geek news »
For Halloween, we celebrate The Simpsons' best Treehouse Of Horror stories, feat. zombies, Hitchcock and Kubrick spoofs and more...
"Nothing seems to bother my kids but tonight's show, which I totally wash my hands of, is really scary."
For anyone who grew up watching The Simpsons, the Treehouse Of Horror Halloween specials are an annual horror staple, from spooky couch gag to horror-themed credits. You can learn an awful lot of things just from watching the show, but for younger audiences, these episodes gave us our introduction to certain iconic horror stories.
Having ditched the early framing device of the family telling scary stories to one another, with Springfielders cast in key roles, the format is now closer to a mini-anthology of terror with three stories that take place outside of canon. This has usually given the writers licence to be more gruesome and outlandish than in the regular series, »
- louisamellor
2 October 2014 10:00 AM, PDT | Variety - Film News | See recent Variety - Film News news »
For young directors in the oil-rich Emirates, just as in the rest of the Arab world, finding coin to make a movie is almost as hard as getting the proverbial camel to go through the eye of a needle.
Still, funding opportunities have increased in the past decade as Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Doha launched film fests with affiliated funding entities.
Since 2010 when the Abu Dhabi fest started its Sanad fund for films in development or post, more than 100 projects have tapped into its support. Projects backed include Kurdish helmer Hiner Saleem's Cannes Un Certain Regard entry "My Sweet Pepper Land," set in a wild-west post-Saddam Hussein Iraqi Kurdistan; Iraqi orphanage docu "In My Mother's Arms," by Atia and Mohamed Al-Daradji, that went to Toronto; and Palestinian refugee camp docu "A World Not Ours," by Emirati helmer Mahdi Fleifel, that traveled to Berlin.
More recently, Jordanian first-time »
- Nick Vivarelli
1 October 2014 9:30 AM, PDT | Hitfix | See recent Hitfix news »
Vancouver - It's no wonder that Evan Goldberg, Seth Rogen and James Franco finish each other's sentences. The former two grew up together in Vancouver, have collaborated on scripts since they were 12 years old. Rogen produced and co-starred in "The 40-Year-Old Virgin," which filmed 10 years ago; it also cast James Franco, the first of many creative starts for the two of them. For 2013's "This Is The End," Goldberg and Rogen co-directed, Rogen and Franco co-starred -- the same as the setup to forthcoming comedy "The Interview." "Basically until [Sony Pictures] saw 'This is the End, we didn't know if they'd let us direct another movie," Rogen explained. "So, once they saw it, they decided they would let us direct another movie." Goldberg and Rogen headed back home to Vancouver to shoot much of this action-oriented flick, with the story set mostly in North Korea. Franco with them -- »
- Katie Hasty
13 September 2014 2:09 AM, PDT | Obsessed with Film | See recent Obsessed with Film news »
Last week we had a look at easter eggs hidden in the Star Wars. Today we're turning our gaze to the original films. And boy are there some doozies in there.
The original Star Wars films (A New Hope, The Empire Strikes Back and Return Of The Jedi) themselves are over thirty years old, but they still fresh today. And we're not talking about relentless updates either; the films boast incredible designs and an incredible sense of world building. And, of course, an abundance of easter eggs.
In the pre-cgi days hiding things in film was a lot harder. Nowadays all it takes is five minutes of a programmers time, but when everything was models each hidden in-joke had to be flawlessly executed. This would make you think that the original trilogy would be much lighter on easter eggs than the more recent films. And while a »
- Alex Leadbeater
4 September 2014 7:15 AM, PDT | The Playlist | See recent The Playlist news »
25 years ago, director Wim Wenders' discovered the haunting black and white artworks of celebrated Brazilian photographer Sebastião Salgado. Now a 70-year-old man who has traveled to nearly every corner of the Earth for more than 40 years, Salgado has documented some of the most tragic and catastrophic events in recent history: revolutions and international conflicts, genocide in Rwanda, wars in Yugoslavia, starvation in Ethiopia, the Saddam Hussein-devastated Kuwaiti oilfields, mass exoduses around the globe and more. So taken with Salgado's iconic photos —striking works often bearing witness to the poor, the suffering and neglected members of society— Wenders bought two prints and promptly framed them above his office desk where they remain to this day. But the more Salgado's ghostly photos preoccupied Wenders' heart and psyche (this photo in particular), the more the venerable German filmmaker felt compelled to understand the man who took them. Eventually Wenders would »
- Rodrigo Perez
31 August 2014 12:23 AM, PDT | Obsessed with Film | See recent Obsessed with Film news »
Antonio Inoki is perhaps the most famous Japanese professional wrestler of all time. Inoki started his career in 1960, when he was only 17. He would later found New Japan Pro Wrestling in 1972 — arguably the most successful Japanese promotion there is. Furthermore, Inoki famously battled boxing legend Muhammad Ali in a lackluster contest in 1976 — a battle that would be a spiritual precursor to the sport of mixed martial arts.
On August 4th, 1995, Inoki — along with his New Japan Pro Wrestling promotion and a handful of World Championship Wrestling stars — held a historic event in Pyongyang, North Korea. The infamously sheltered and closed-off country played home to a historic two day wrestling spectacle that was later broadcast on American pay-per-view, courtesy of WCW.
Now, nearly two decades later, Inoki has returned to Pyongyang to deliver an equally historic sporting event. North Korea's relations with Japan are notoriously poor, and »
- Douglas Scarpa
19 August 2014 3:57 AM, PDT | Den of Geek | See recent Den of Geek news »
From the 1980s to the 21st century, Jamie takes us on a guided tour of the most frustrating videogames he's encountered so far...
I want to take you on a journey through a few decades of game-playing frustration, name-checking the titles that have most made me want to kick a sleeping puppy in the face: games that only a heart surgeon would have the dexterity and patience to complete; games so disgustingly unfair and evil that even Satan beholds their exquisitely cruel construction with envy, kicking himself that he didn't think of them first.
(Disclaimer: no actual puppies were harmed in the making of this article)
Now for another couple of disclaimers: pointless I know, because nobody actually reads these introductions, right? I believe it's traditional to skip the rest of this article and head to the comments' section below filled with boundless and unquenchable rage. (If you »
- ryanlambie
29 July 2014 4:30 AM, PDT | TMZ | See recent TMZ news »
Chris Brown may have new, more troubling neighbor issues ... we've found out he's moved deep into the San Fernando Valley, and one of his new neighbors is threatening lethal force if Chris steps onto his property.Real estate sources tell TMZ ... Chris is renting an 8,000 square foot, 6 bedroom house in Agoura ... it's near the Malibu border but technically part of the Valley. It's a pretty sick pad. It has a commercial ice cream bar, dance studio, »
- TMZ Staff
28 July 2014 7:00 AM, PDT | Variety - TV News | See recent Variety - TV News news »
Frontline's "Losing Iraq" is, in essence, the foreign-policy companion to the PBS news program's recent domestic-surveillance treatise "United States of Secrets," offering an evenhanded approach to a topic where reason is often drowned out elsewhere by partisan rhetoric. Both documentaries, moreover — and this one again falls under the aegis of Michael Kirk — don't point fingers so much as apportion responsibility, detailing the Bush administration screw-ups that created the mess in Iraq, followed by the Obama administration's neglect, which congealed to create the current mess. What the 90-minute telecast doesn't offer, alas, is what's desperately needed: A viable solution.
Interviewing a who's who of participants and journalists, "Losing Iraq" spends considerable time on the early miscalculations and missteps once the statue of Saddam Hussein was toppled, highlighted by what journalist Thomas Ricks dubbed President Bush's "a premature victory speech" in front of a "Mission Accomplished" banner. »
- Brian Lowry
16 July 2014 6:00 AM, PDT | Underground Film Journal | See recent Underground Film Journal news »
Identity is a funny thing. Defining ourselves is our first step in defining the world around us, especially in the way that we define others. Or "the other." So, what happens when one spends his formative years as "the other" in an otherwise fairly homogeneous culture?
At once, American Arab — the latest provocative documentary by Usama Alshaibi — is both profoundly personal and culturally inquisitive. It is the first grand statement in a discussion that has been begging to take place since September 11, 2001: What is the role of the Arab in modern American society?
For his previous two feature-length films, Alshaibi has been toying with notions of his identity, whether directly in the documentary Nice Bombs in which he returned to his hometown of Baghdad, Iraq following the ouster of Saddam Hussein, or through proxy in his fiction film Profane, about a female sex worker struggling with her religious background. »
- Mike Everleth
14 July 2014 9:45 AM, PDT | Moviefone | See recent Moviefone news »
As Vulture notes, starting today all 17 seasons of Trey Parker and Matt Stone's often brilliant and always envelope-pushing "South Park" are available, for free, on Hulu. This will be the case until season 18 premieres on September 24th. So get cracking. (After the new premiere, all episodes will be available the following day on Hulu Plus, the pay version of Hulu.)
"South Park," of course, is the critically acclaimed animated series that began life as an animated Christmas card back in 1992 called "The Spirit of Christmas" (created, crudely but effectively, in a stop motion paper cutout style). A few years later the short was refined and looks a lot more like the eventual series. The pilot episode of the series aired in 1997, and jumped to the big screen in 1999 with the deeply wonderful "South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut." Always a lightning rod for controversy, the series had touched »
- Drew Taylor
1 July 2014 10:43 AM, PDT | www.flickfilosopher.com | See recent FlickFilosopher news »
This documentary interview with Bush-era insider Donald Rumsfeld is like a horror movie with a calm sociopath at its center. I'm "biast" (pro): big fan of Errol Morris…
I'm "biast" (con): …but not a fan of Donald Rumsfeld
(what is this about? see my critic's minifesto)
As Iraq disintegrates before our eyes, it's suddenly even more vital to listen to what Donald Rumsfeld, one of the architects of the mess in the Middle East, has to say for himself. It's pretty ugly… not that Rumsfeld sees that, of course. This feature-length interview with documentary filmmaker Errol Morris (Mr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred A. Leuchter, Jr.) is horrifying for how it demonstrates Rumsfeld's complete lack of awareness of the enormity of his own actions.
Or else — this is worse, and I suspect it's closer to the truth — we »
- MaryAnn Johanson
25 June 2014 11:14 PM, PDT | Den of Geek | See recent Den of Geek news »
A North Korean foreign ministry spokesman calls Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg's upcoming The Interview "an act of war". Really.
When Charlie Sheen dropped a bomb on Saddam Hussein in Hot Shots! back in the 1990s, we can't imagine that the-then leader of Iraq was particularly amused. However, we also can't quite remember Jim Abrahams' spoof movie being the catalyst for international conflict.
But times have changed. And Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, the co-directors of the upcoming The Interview, seem to have left the North Korean government threatening an "act of war". We are not making this up. The world might end because of a Seth Rogen movie.
The Interview is a comedy, starring Rogen and James Franco, about a fake plot to kill North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. And on the basis of the trailer, there are some within North Korea who are not amused. »
- simonbrew
24 June 2014 1:30 PM, PDT | buddytv.com | See recent BuddyTV news »
Even though the show Tyrant is set in a fictional Middle Eastern country, it still exists in the same universe where Saddam Hussein and others lived--and eventually died. This show strives to be real and it's parallels to real-world situations are to be admired, even if the FX show indulges in quite a few well-trodden stereotypes about Middle Eastern people and cultures, while simultaneously feeling like only the briefest character outlines are sketched out in the pilot.
If you want to watch a show with similar themes and plotlines that you'd find in 24 or Homeland, but also one that borrows liberally from family soaps like Dallas, you might like FX's new series, Tyrant. Me? I'm still on the fence, especially since the lead character is a bit too vanilla.
- email@example.com
14 June 2014 2:52 AM, PDT | Obsessed with Film | See recent Obsessed with Film news »
We all watched South Park at, more than likely, way too young an age. We learnt things that we probably shouldn't even know about today, with Matt and Trey daring to bring every taboo possible to surface. This said, South Park is also loaded with moral lessons. Whether it's about how we treat other countries, homosexuals, the disabled… even relationship advice from Satan… there's plenty of epic lessons amongst the filth.
So repeat after me a minute before the credits roll: "I learned something today…"
15. Being Independent For A While Is Good
We all got immersed into relationships in our teens, whether clinging tightly onto one or torn between two. South Park teaches the lesson of learning to be happy independent of relationships in a very unconventional way – through the love life of Satan.
In the two-parter episodes, Do The Handicapped Go To Hell and Probably, »
- Jack Moulton
11 May 2014 9:33 PM, PDT | SoundOnSight | See recent SoundOnSight news »
As we continue on, I need to once again clarify that if this list was "Joshua Gaul's 50 Favorite Movie Musicals," it'd be a quite a different list. But, if my tastes determined what is definitive, I'd be asking you all to consider Aladdin as a brilliant piece of filmmaking and wax nostalgic about my love for Batteries Not Included and Flight of the Navigator (not for the musicals list, of course). Much to my dismay, my tastes are not universal. I'd like to think my research methods are.
courtesy of themoviescene.co.uk
30. Annie (1982)
Directed by John Huston
Signature Song: "Tomorrow" (http://youtu.be/Yop62wQH498)
Originally a 1924 comic strip, the beloved stage musical about a red-haired orphan girl was brought to the big screen in 1982 and directed by John Huston (yes, that John Huston – director of The Maltese Falcon and The African Queen, not to »
- Joshua Gaul
5 May 2014 10:00 AM, PDT | Rollingstone.com | See recent Rolling Stone news »
Even over the phone, Seth Rogen's laugh sounds like nothing else on earth — a stuttering chuckle that sounds like a car engine desperately trying to turn over, too full and deep to be phony, too hearty and human to not be contagious. The 32-year-old Canadian comedian called in to talk about his latest film Neighbors, which pits suburbanite Rogen, his wife (Bridesmaids' Rose Byrne) and his family against the newly-moved-in party-hearty college fraternity next door, as led by alpha d-bag Zac Efron. We decided to grill Rogen about »
29 April 2014 5:24 PM, PDT | EW - Inside Movies | See recent EW.com - Inside Movies news »
• Sandra Bullock is circling the role of Brownie Wise in an untitled pic about the rise of Tupperware. Wise was the saleswoman who helped the airtight containers succeed in the '50s thanks to her innovative "party plan" marketing scheme. The Help's Tate Taylor is attached to direct the movie, which will be based on Bob Kealing's non-fiction book Tupperware Unsealed. [THR]
• Eddie Redmayne is set to re-team with his Les Misérables director Tom Hooper for The Danish Girl, about the painter Einar Wegener — the first man to have a sex-change operation. The script, penned by Lucinda Coxon, will be »
- Lindsey Bahr
29 April 2014 9:26 AM, PDT | Dark Horizons | See recent Dark Horizons news »
Robert Pattinson has dropped out of Jesper Ganslandt's hunt for Saddam Hussein indie thriller "Mission: Blacklist" due to scheduling issues. Production aims to begin this Fall.
Pattinson was attached to play military interrogator Eric Maddox, who spearheaded Hussein's capture. The role will now be recast. [Source: The Wrap]
Andy Garcia has joined the cast of the live-action film adaptation of Mattel's superhero property "Max Steel" at Dolphin Films. Garcia will play the brilliant and mysterious scientist Dr. Miles Edwards. Filming begins today in Wilmington.
Stewart Hendler directs the origins story which chronicles the adventures of 16-year-old Max McGrath (Ben Winchell) and alien companion Steel, who must harness and combine their tremendous new powers to evolve into the superhero Max Steel. [Source: Heat Vision]
Grey Lady
Natalie Zea ("The Following," "Justified") has scored a lead role in the indie feature "Grey Lady". Zea plays Melissa, a vulnerable aspiring artist whois targeted by »
- Garth Franklin
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Wednesday, May 18 by Joseph Gibson
Von Trier does his best Mel Gibson impersonation.
Gif Recap: 'Raising Hope' – Don't Vote for This Episode
Wednesday, May 18 by Jame Gumb
It was as if they grabbed an old season finale from "The Wire" and somehow morphed it into a sitcom.
Gemma Ward
Wednesday, May 18 by Screen Junkies
Australian model Gemma Ward is a member of the shady mermaid gang in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides.
Ian McKellen And Judi Dench Agree To Be In 'The Curse Of The Buxon Strumpet'
Wednesday, May 18 by Joseph Gibson
Along with a cast of really polite zombies.
Maggie Gyllenhaal Will Be Haunted By 'Voice From The Stone'
Wednesday, May 18 by Penn Collins
In real life, Maggie is haunted by the success of her younger brother.
The Peter
Wednesday, May 18 by Col. Longshanks
He's our distinguished family guy.
Mel Gibson Getting Involved In A Gang
Wednesday, May 18 by Joseph Gibson
It might be time for an intervention.
New 'Super 8′ Clip: Kids Are Afraid Of Guns And Monsters
Tuesday, May 17 by Geoffrey Golden
Children are such scaredy cats when it comes to guys with bloody faces pointing guns at them.
Against All Odds, Zemeckis Put In Charge Of Disney's 'Animated American'
Tuesday, May 17 by Geoffrey Golden
Even after 'Mars Needs Moms', Robert Zemeckis somehow gets to produce more Disney animated movies. Amazing.
Kimmel Jokingly Apologizes For ABC At The Upfronts
Tuesday, May 17 by Geoffrey Golden
The gist of Kimmel's stand-up routine was: our network sucks, but other networks suck too. So… give us your money?
Ridley Scott To Direct 'Reykjavik', Someone Else Will Spell It
Tuesday, May 17 by Geoffrey Golden
Scott is attached to 'Reykjavik', about a famous Cold War meeting between Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. Yes, but will it take place in the 'Alien' universe?
Links Away: Guy Proposes Via Movie Trailer
Tuesday, May 17 by Screen Junkies
This guy went all out, producing a full-length mock trailer for a movie about a dude who wants to marry a chick.
Gillian Jacobs Joins Steve Carell's Not NBC-Related 'End Of The World'
Tuesday, May 17 by Geoffrey Golden
Gillian Jacobs ("Community") will join Steve Carell ("The Office") for Mandate's 'Seeking a Friend for the End of the World'. Will they do the secret NBC handshake?
Joel Edgerton Becomes Yet Another Australian Involved In 'The Great Gatsby'
Tuesday, May 17 by Penn Collins
So many Aussies are involved in this project, I'm starting to understand why other countries hate when America does that to their works.
Review: TNT's Franklin & Bash
Tuesday, May 17 by Fred Topel
It seems like this is the outrageous, but not too highbrow, courtroom drama "The Defenders" wanted to be.


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I have always loved wandering in the woods. It doesn't matter to me whether I'm in a mossy, damp New England forest, a Pocono forest of rocks and tall trees, an English forest of hedgerows, wildflowers and meadows or a South Florida tropical jungle.
There is something magickal and mystical about being in the woods. Even on a sunny day, a forest is dark and cool. You can believe that faeries lurk behind the rocks and trees. The beauty of the forest inspires us to believe in magick.
Many years ago, The Dark Forest was the name I gave to my own inner world; the place of my own imaginings and contemplation.
I have a wide range of interests. Beyond my love of tarot and my interest in spiritual development, I enjoy modern culture. Trends in music, fashion, entertainment and politics fascinate me. On this blog you will find my observations about the world in which we live - everything from dating advice to resturant reviews.
Here in the Dark Forest, anything can happen. If something captures my interest, I am likely to write about it here.
Thanks for exploring this dark forest with me. Please leave a comment!
Here in Florida, food grows in our yards and falls from the sky!
Check out the video I caught of the sand hill crane mating dance!
Social media, stop telling older women what to do!
It's Election Day. First thing this morning, I walked to the polls to cast my vote for Mosquito Control Commissioner. There were other things on the ballot, too. Jon Stewart has been having a field day with our gubernatorial contest here in Florida; I can't say I blame him.
Election Day is always somewhat romantic for me. I remember being a child and accompanying my mother in the old-fashioned voting booth. I remember her telling me about the sacred duty that I too, would one day have.
There's an exciting new trend sweeping the nation. Have you noticed, over the past few years, more ukuleles around you?
In 2011, the New York Times said the ukulele craze had reached a "saturation point." That's when Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam released his solo album, "Ukulele Songs."
This Sunday I met a mechanical dog, danced with some Daleks and hung out with the Stay-Puft Marshmallow Man. I purchased an original t-shirt ("Optimus Time") from the artist himself, met some authors, and attended a costume contest judged by Robert Allsopp, prop designer for both the classic and new Dr. Who.
Sometimes old relationship wisdom doesn't work in a new world.
Concerned about Mercury retrograde? Here are some great tips to make the most of this sacred time, from a variety of smart astrologers.
"New Haven Style Pizza," or "apizza," is so much of a thing it has it's own Wikipedia listing. For the record, I choose Modern Apizza when I'm back in New Haven.
During my recent summer trip to Connecticut I discovered a new pizza restaurant in Guilford that really stretched me outside of my pizza comfort zone in the most delectable way.
Visit fortunestellar.com for reviews and information on how to get your very own copy!
Christiana's new book "Tarot Tour Guide: Tarot, The Four Elements and Your Spiritual Journey" is now available! Visit tarottourguide.com for reviews and information on how to get your very own copy! Read it with your favorite eReader or get the large format paperback!
Tarot By Christiana GaudetCertified Tarot Grandmaster
23110 State Road 54 # 199
Lutz, Florida 33549-6933
Toll Free: 86-99TAROT (866-998-2768)
Mobile/Text: 561-655-1160
Skype: tarot.radio
E-mail: email@example.com


text:
Admission test result for MD/MS courses in Residency Program, March-2015.
Seat Plan for MD/MS Residency Program March 2015
Notice for Thesis and Dissertation Abstract
Notice for Residency Program January 2015 (Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry and Basic Science)
Admission Test Result for Diploma in Anaesthesiology, January-2015.
Admission Form for BSc in Nursing Course
Course Examination Notice January 2015
Admission Notice, Eligibility Criteria and Application Form for MD/MS, Phase-A Residency Program Mar
Admission Notice, Eligibility Criteria and Application Form for MD,MS, Phase-B, Residency Program Ma
MD/MS. Phase-A Residency Program Available Institute according to discipline
Residency Program Tuition fee re-sizing
Admission Notice into MD, MS and Phase-A Residency Program March 2015
MD, MS, M.Phil Residency Program E-registration
Notice for Residency Program, October 2014
Leave order residents of affiliated medical college, dental college and institute.pdf
Notice for Newly Outdoor Complex (OPD-1, OPD-2)
Non Residency BCS Leave Order
Office Order for Residency 2014
Office Order
Welcome to BSMMU
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) is the premier Postgraduate Medical Institution of the country. It bears the heritage to Institute of Postgraduate Medical Research (IPGMR) which was established in December 1965. In the year 1998 the Government converted IPGMR into a Medical University for expanding the facilities for higher medical education and research in the country. It has an enviable reputation for providing high quality postgraduate education in different specialties. The university has strong link with other professional bodies at home and abroad. The university is expanding rapidly and at present, the university has many departments equipped with modern technology for service, teaching and research. Besides education, the university plays the vital role of promoting research activities in various discipline of medicine. Since its inception, the university has also been delivering general and specialized clinical service as a tertiary level healthcare center.


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In the third position is Balaji Sakthivel`s Vazhakku Enn 18/9, which has taken a good opening, and an unanimous critical appreciation. In the coming weeks the film is surely going up the ladder, as the word of mouth is very strong.
At number four is Aishwarya Dhanush`s 3 and in the fifth place is the Malayalam Mohanlal investigative thriller Grandmaster. The film has taken a decent opening due to the large number of screens it was released.


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Bridging the gap between ESL and RTL by linking simulation environments
July 11, 2012 // Nick Flaherty
Aldec and Agilent Technologies are aiming to bridge the gap between high level language design and implementation by linking their simulation environments.
The two companies have developed a new co-simulation interface between the latest version of Aldec's Riviera-PRO design simulation and verification platform used by FPGA, ASIC, and SoC development teams, and SystemVue, Agilent's ESL design and signal processing environment used by system architects and algorithm developers in physical layer designs of wireless, RF and DSP applications. The new interface enables users to efficiently integrate algorithm and system-level designs with hardware implementations.
"Agilent system-level design products are now integrated into the hardware design flow, which enables system engineers to troubleshoot Verilog and VHDL hardware implementations, while still maintaining a higher-level view of physical layer (PHY) system performance," said Daren McClearnon, Agilent's SystemVue Product Marketing Manager. "Our respective R&D teams worked closely together to create a high-performance yet cost-efficient co-simulation interface that unites baseband, RF, simulations, and measurements in single, system-level cockpit."
The new co-simulation interface requires only one instance of Riviera-PRO (regardless of the number of HDL blocks on a SystemVue diagram), supports a range of data types, and provides extensive cross-domain debugging capabilities. This tight, bi-directional integration reduces development time and effort by enabling continuous test and system-level verification throughout the development process.
"The Agilent SystemVue co-simulation interface brings several exciting new features to hardware design verification engineers, our traditional customers," said Dmitry Melnik, Riviera-PRO Product Manager. "It enables the link to a powerful RF System simulator, RF EDA tools and models, trusted references for emerging communications standards, and even test and measurement equipment if necessary. Now engineers can re-use SystemVue components in hardware simulations while respective HDL blocks are being coded, or use SystemVue as a testbench to verify HDL implementation."
Technology News
Mouser launch design contest around NXP's dual PCB configurable logic
November 26, 2014
At electronica, NXP Semiconductors N.V. introduced its line of multi-gate, multifunction, dual PCB configurable logic devices ...
Business News
Smart PCBs for smaller ECUs: Infineon invests in PCB manufacturer
Feature Articles
FTTH solutions for MDUs
Technology News
Tiny LED makes bionic contact lenses realistic
Technology News
How does a Blu-ray disc improve solar cell performance?
CEO interview: Vicor powers after higher volume applications
November 26, 2014
Patrizio Vinciarelli, is one of the longest serving CEOs in electronics, having founded Vicor in 1981 and led the company ...
Technology News
Wireless power receiver enables compact and efficient contactless battery charging
Technology News
Advanced wheel hub drive passes extensive driving tests
Business News
CEO interview: Murata succumbs to IoT temptation
Technical papers
- Power Systems Design eBook
- Halogen-free options and increased performance for terminal blocks
- Wireless Power User Guide
- Secure is the New Smart
InterviewCEO interview: Vicor powers after higher volume applications
Patrizio Vinciarelli, is one of the longest serving CEOs in electronics, having founded Vicor in 1981 and led the company ever since. At Electronica he told EE Times Europe that his company is investing ...
Filter WizardCheck out the Filter Wizard Series of articles by Filter Guru Kendall Castor-Perry which provide invaluable practical Analog Design guidelines.
Linear video channel
READER OFFERRead more
This month, Cherry is giving away five of its Energy Harvesting Evaluation kits, worth over 266 Euros each, for EETimes Europe's readers to win. Cherry's energy harvesting technology benefit mostly applications where a complex wire assembly and/or batteries would be inappropriate.
The required RF-energy is created by the mechanical actuation of the switch and the data is transmitted...MORE INFO AND LAST MONTH' WINNERS...
Design centers
December 15, 2011 | Texas instruments | 222901974
Unique Ser/Des technology supports encrypted video and audio content with full duplex bi-directional control channel over a single wire interface.
Most popular news
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- From warm to cool white: colour-temperature tunable LEDs
- Li-Fi communication module wirelessly transfers data at 1-Gbps
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- Supercapacitor innovation promises panel-powered cars in five years


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The invention relates to a method for the manufacture by means of shrink-forming of a packing container of orientation-stretched laminate comprising polyester and aluminium foil, the laminate being formed to a tube (14) and subsequently being made to shrink over a mandrel (10,28) to the intended shape.
1. A method of manufacturing a container from a laminated web having a base layer of orientation-stretched polyester, a layer of metal foil, and at least one surface layer of glycol-modified polyester adjacent said base layer, said metal foil providing a gas barrier, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a recess in said layer of metal foil along a first edge region of said web;
forming said web into a tubular element with said first edge region and another edge region of said web overlapping such that said layer of metal foil of said other edge region is separated from said first edge region by said base and surface layers of said other edge region;
bonding said overlapped first and other edge regions; and
plastically deforming said tubular element.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said layer of metal foil is formed from aluminum.
3. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein said aluminum foil is formed approximately 5/1000 mm in thickness.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said bonding step includes thermal fusing of said edge regions.
5. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said bonding step includes extruding a strand of glycol-modified polyester between said edge regions and pressing said edge regions together.
6. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said plastically deforming step includes shrinking the tubular element with heat.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the method further comprises the step of covering a tubular end of the container in a tight manner with a metal disc fitted by beading.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises the steps of forming an inwardly turned flange at another tubular end of the container and bonding to said flange a disc of the same material as the container with heat and pressure.
9. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said laminated web also has a second surface layer of glycol-modified polyester, said layer of metal foil being intermediate of said base layer and said second surface layer.
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a packing container from a web or a plane sheet or blank of a heat-shrinkable material comprising a laminate of orientation-stretched polyester, which has at least one surface coating of glycol-modified polyester (so-called PETG), the said web or sheet being formed to a tube in the first place in that two opposite edge zones of the web or sheet are joined together, and that thereafter parts of the tube formed are heated so that the material for the purpose of forming is made to shrink. The invention also relates to an arrangement for the realization of the method and to packing containers manufactured in accordance with the method.
It is known in the technology of packaging that bottlelike packing containers can be manufactured by the plastic deforming of packing material in the form of a web or a blank. This is done e.g. by blowing of plastic bottles, but also by the shrink-forming of a previously orientation-stretched plastic material, which after heating is made to shrink over a mandrel. It has long been desirable to manufacture such containers with a gas-barrier layer, which is necessary if the contents are pressurized or sensitive to oxygen gas. One example of such a product is beer, which has to have a packing material, which does not give admission to oxygen gas from the atmosphere as this would have a detrimental effect on the quality of the beer, and which neither lets out the carbon dioxide in the beer package.
It is known that for this purpose plastic material can be used, which is formed by blowing or deep-drawing, and in this connection both acrylonitrile material, e.g. a material which is marketed under the trade mark BAREX, has been used, but also polyester material. The acrylonitrile material has the advantage that it has relatively good gas-tightness characteristics, but it has on the other hand inferior pressure, absorbing characteristics and is subject to a constant deformation, so-called creep, when it is exposed to pressure. Polyester material for its part has very good pressure-absorbing characteristics, especially if it is orientation-stretched, whilst in return the gas-tightness is inferior.
It is well known that aluminium foil has very good gas barrier properties even if the aluminium foil is extremely thin (5 μm or less). However, the problem has been to create a plastic deformable laminate comprising aluminium foil. Up to now this has been impossible, owing to the fact that an aluminium foil will rupture when it is stretched already when the stretching only is a few per cent and this means that laminate comprising aluminium foil can not be blown or deep drawn in a normal way. A laminate, which is containing a combination of aluminium foil and orientation stretched polyester should be an ideal packaging material, for instance beer, provided the laminate can be formed to a container or bottle. Up to now it has not been possible to use aluminium foil as a gas barrier in a container, which has been produced by plastic deforming of a material, but the present invention is giving a teaching about a method and a device for producing such packaging containers, which characterizing features appear from the enclosed patent claims.
An embodiment of the method and device in accordance with the invention will in the following be described with references to the enclosed schematic drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is showing an enlarged cross-section of an orientation stretched packaging laminate,
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are showing how a laminate, in accordance with FIG. 1 in the form of a web or a sheet, is folded into a tube by joining the longitudinal edges of the web or sheet in an overlap joint. The figures are showing the overlap joint in an enlarged cross-section.
FIG. 2 is showing a conventional overlap joint,
FIG. 3 is showing an overlap joint, in which the aluminium foil layer has been cut out along one of the web edges, and
FIG. 4 is showing an overlap joint with cut-out parts in the aluminium foil layer and with an intermediate sealing layer in the form of a string of plastic material.
FIG. 5 is showing an expandable mandrel,
FIG. 6 is showing the mandrel in accordance with FIG. 5 after it has been expanded and a tube of packing laminate has been fitted over the mandrel, and
FIG. 7 is showing a packing container manufactured in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 8 is showing an expandable mandrel, on which two or more packing containers can be manufactured at the same time, and
FIG. 9 a finished packing container in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 10 is showing a variant of the method of manufacture, where the container is manufactured in two operations, the one shrunk-in end of the container being shrunk over a solid mandrel, whilst the other end, in a separate operation in accordance with FIG. 11, is shrunk with the help of an expandable mandrel.
FIG. 12 finally is showing an alternative embodiment of the laminate for the manufacture of containers in accordance with the invention.
As mentioned earlier, it is the object of the present invention to provide methods and means for the manufacture of a packing container from orientation-stretched polyester and in particular a container, which in addition is gas-tight. It is a further pre-requisite for the invention that it shall be possible to furnish the material for the package as a web or plane blank and not, as is the case now, in the form of seamless extruded tubes or injection-moulded semi-finished products. Thus it is a condition for the manufacture of a container in accordance with the invention that the material, on the one hand, should be subjected to plastic form-processing and that, on the other hand, it should be joined together in sealing joints and that the material should be biaxially orientation-stretched and contain a gas barrier.
It has been mentioned in the preamble that orientation-stretched polyester, which has very good tensile strength characteristics cannot be heat-sealed after the orientation stretching, since a crystalline structure has been imparted to the material. However, polyester (PET) can be co-extruded with a modified polyester, so-called glycol-modified polyester (PETG), and since these materials are very closely akin, they fuse together during the co-extrusion in a boundary area in such a manner that after the extrusion the materials cannot be separated from one another. It is possible, for example, in such a co-extrusion to have a central layer of PET and outer PETG layers on either side thereof. Such a laminate, after the extrusion operation, can be subjected to a joint orientation-stretching at a suitable temperature (approx. 70�-80�C.), the central PET layer being molecular-oriented and given a crystalline structure, whilst the two outer PETG layers substantially retain their amorphous molecular structure and consequently their heatsealing capacity. If the material is stretched four times in two directions at right angles to one another the total stretching will be 16 times, that is to say the surface of the material increases 16 times. If the stretching becomes altogether too great (25 times), the PETG layers begin to crystallize more and more with the heat-sealing capacity diminishing to a corresponding degree. This means that the stretching of the material cannot be forced to an unlimited degree, but a stretching of the laminate to 20-25 times is quite possible whilst retaining the heatsealing capacity of the outer layers. Such an orientation-stretched laminate has very great tensile strength and is thus suitable packing material for pressurized contents, e.g. beer, refreshing beverages etc. However, the gas-tightness generally is not sufficient and for this reason a layer providing gas-tightness has to be introduced into the laminate. Such a layer providing gas-tightness may consist of a gastight plastic e.g. polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or of the type of acrylonitrile material, which comes on the market under the trade mark BAREX. A material with altogether superior gas-tightness properties, however, is metal foil and in particular aluminium foil, which even in thicknesses of 5μ, that is to say 5/1 000 mm is as good as completely gastight. However, such a thin aluminium layer is very fragile and on the whole tolerates no tensile stresses whatever, whereas on the other hand it can be wrinkled together relatively readily if it is allowed to shrink together with a plastic material. The aforementioned, orientation-stretched laminate thus can be laminated with a thin aluminium foil, which is done with the help of a varnish, which fastens onto the aluminium foil surface as well as to the oriented polyester surface. Outside the aluminium foil may be placed a further layer of thermoplastic, e.g. polyethylene or PETG, which in the abovementioned material is advantageous, especially as the laminate is to be folded to a tube by joining together outside and inside of the laminate in an overlap join.
In principle it is not necessary to apply PETG layers to both sides of the PET layer, but in the enclosed FIG. 1 a laminate is shown, which has been manufactured in such a manner that in the first place a PET layer 2 and a PETG layer 1 have been extruded jointly and have been subjected to orientation-stretching in two directions at right angles to each other. An aluminium foil layer 3 has been coated by an extrusion process with a PETG layer 1', whereupon the orientation-stretched PET layer is varnish-laminated to the aluminium foil/PETG laminate. The laminate shown in FIG. 1 thus contains two surface layers 1 and 1' of PETG (the one layer 1 having been orientation-stretched) and a central base layer 2 of biaxially orientation-stretched PET and an aluminium foil 3.
As mentioned earlier it is possible, starting from this material in the form of a web or blank, to manufacture a pipe or tube by joining together opposite edges of the sheet or blank in an overlap join. In FIG. 2 is shown how the laminate in accordance with FIG. 1 has been joined in such an overlap join, and it is possible to imagine that this join becomes a longitudinal sealing join in a pipe or a tube. For the sake of simplicity the different laminate layers in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 have been provided with the same reference designations as in FIG. 1. If FIG. 2 is studied more closely it will be found that a material fusion and connection can be obtained between the layers 1 and 1'. However, the layer 1' is very thin and since the adhesion force in the varnish-lamination layer between the layer 1' and the aluminium foil layer 3 is considerably lower than the adhesion force between the layers 1 and 2 and the layers 1 and 1', as these are heat-sealed to one another, it is found that the sealing join cannot absorb particularly large tensile stresses, since all the tensile stresses will be concentrated on the layer 1' in the upper layer in the overlap join, since the other layers 1 and 2 cannot participate in the absorption of the forces, as they are separated from the layer 1' by the varnish-laminated aluminium foil layer 3.
Thus if the laminate is to be used in packing containers for pressurized contents, a longitudinal join on the tube from which the package is to be made can not be manufactured in accordance with FIG. 2. A better solution of the problem is provided by the sealing joints according to FIGS. 3 and 4. As is evident from FIG. 3, the material edge, which is located uppermost in the overlap join, is provided with a cutout 4, wherein the aluminium foil layer 3 is not present. This cutout runs along the edge region and has a width, which corresponds to the width of the overlap join. It has been found that by the introduction of such a recess the strong, orientation-stretched base layers 2 remain firmly anchored to each other in the overlap join by virtue of the PETG layers 1' and 1 having been made to fuse together with each other. Since a molecular-oriented plastic material is made to shrink when it is heated to such a degree that the orientation stresses are released, it can be difficult to achieve an overlap join in accordance with FIG. 3. If the layers only are heated, either the shrinking stresses can be released or the orientation too can be destroyed, which has the effect that the material loses its strength. This must not be allowed to happen, since the join must be equally strong as the remainder of the packing material, if it is to be possible for the internal pressure in the packing container to be absorbed. A solution of the problem is illustrated in FIG. 4 and this solution implies that a strand 5 of molten PETG material is extruded onto both or just one of the edge regions, which are to be joined to one another in an overlap join, whereupon the edge regions are combined and pressed against one another whilst they are cooled from the outside of the material. It has been found that by regulating the temperature and volume of the extruded strand it is possible to regulate the heat content in the strand in such a manner that heat is transferred to the adjoining PETG layers to such a degree that these are melted in their surface regions so as to form a substantially homogeneous connection layer, which comprises the layers 1' and 1 situated in the overlap join as well as the extruded strand 5. If the heat content in the strand 5 is controlled correctly, the heat is consumed only to perform the seal without heating the remaining parts of the laminate in such a manner that shrinkage is occasioned or a loss of the orientation occurs.
It has been found that by realising a longitudinal tube join according to FIG. 4 and at the same time introducing a cutout 4 of the aluminium foil along one edge region of the laminate, a join can be obtained, which in respect of this strength is comparable with the rest of the material.
The tube or pipe of molecular-oriented PET/PETG-laminate provided with aluminium foil now formed can be form-processed further by shrink-forming over a mandrel and some embodiments of such a shrink-forming will be described in the following.
A tube manufactured from the abovementioned material, which has been sealed in a longitudinal join in the abovementioned manner, can be shrink-formed over a mandrel, and the following description will furnish several suggestions regarding methods and arrangements for the manufacture from a tube of shrinkable material of a bottlelike packing container of the laminate, which has been described earlier. Since the container aimed at is manufactured in such a manner that the end portions of a tube are shrunk in so as to form a bottle-like packing container, it is impossible to carry out the shrinkage over a solid mandrel, as it would not be possible in such a case to remove the shrunk packing container from the mandrel. It is possible though to carry out the shrinking operation with the help of an expandable mandrel, which after the shrinkage can be contracted so much that the expanded portions of the mandrel are contracted to a size, which corresponds to or is smaller than the solid portions of the mandrel. It is also possible to carry out the shrinking operation in two stages, one end of the tube in a first operating stage being shrunk over a solid mandrel until the desired profile of the shrunk area has been achieved, whereupon the tube shrunk along its one end is withdrawn from the mandrel and is applied to an expandable mandrel, along whose surface the opposite end of the pipe or tube can be shrunk, after which the mandrel is contracted and withdrawn through the remaining opening. It has been found to be an advantage moreover if the shrinkage process is carried out in such a manner that two or more units are shrink-formed simultaneously over dividable mandrels, which can be separated after the shrinkage when the shrunk portions of the tube too have been separated by means of (cuts) through the tube wall.
In FIG. 5 is shown an expandable mandrel for the manufacture of a bottlelike packing container and, as is evident from the figure, the mandrel 6 comprising two solid portions 7 and 8 together with a cutout or recess 9 provided between the said portions. The said recess or cutout 9 is in communication with a system of ducts 12 for the supply of compressed gas and the cutout 9 is covered by an expandable membrane 10, which is fixed in a tight manner into the mandrel 6 along the fixing points 11. The membrane 10 is provided with reinforcements or stiffeners 13 in the shape of thicker membrane material, inserted wires or "beams" so as to guide the appearance of the membrane when it is expanded.
When a packing container is to be formed, the mandrel 6 is expanded in that compressed gas is supplied through the duct 12, the pressure being increased in the cutout space 9. Owing to the increased pressure in the space 9, the expandable membrane 10, which may be manufactured from a rubberlike material, will be expanded in the manner as shown in FIG. 6. The expansion can be guided to a certain extent through the inserted wires or beams 13 so as to obtain a circular or at least less strongly curved portion of the expandable part of the mandrel. After the expansion of the mandrel the tube 14, which is manufactured from the aforementioned orientation-stretched laminate, is fitted, whereupon the end portions of the tube are heated so that the material is caused to shrink. As the material has been orientation-stretched as much as 10 to 20 times, the shrinkage may be forced very far and an accurate adhesion of the tube 14 to the mandrel 6 can be obtained. It should be noted that in this shrinkage the aluminium foil layer, which forms part of the laminate, will follow along without any breakages occurring in the aluminium foil layer. If the aluminium foil layer has good adhesion to the laminate moreover, the "shrinkage" of the aluminium foil layer will take place in the form of a very dense wrinkling or contraction. The "wrinkles" on the aluminium foil formed will be so small and dense that they can hardly be distinguished, but manifest themselves optically primarily through the disappearance of the gloss of the bare aluminium foil and through the shrunk portions of the laminate showing a "duller metallic lustre" derived from the aluminium foil laminate. During the shrink-forming of the laminate, however, no breakages occur in the aluminium foil layer, but the same stays intact and retains its gastight characteristics. If the aluminium foil layer is too thick and rigid, the shrinkage of the laminate may be rendered more difficult or be prevented, but it has been found that an aluminum foil layer of 5-10μ thickness "follows" the laminate during shrinkage without difficulty and retains its sealing characteristics.
In FIG. 6, which shows the mandrel in accordance with FIG. 5 in expanded state, the laminate tube 14 is shrunk so that it adheres to the expanded mandrel, which is marked by a broken line in the figure. The shrunk tube 14 is designated 16 in FIG. 6, and as is evident from the figure the shrunk container 16 is provided with two cylindrical portions 15 of smaller diameter, which are shrink-formed around the solid mandrel portions 7 and 8 and a cylindrical or "barrel-shaped" portion of larger diameter along the parts where the tube 14 adheres to the expanded part 10 of the mandrel 6. As can be seen in the figure, parts of the tube 14 may extend beyond the solid part of the mandrel 7. These are intended to form the "neck" or emptying opening of the packing container, where the material will shrink in over the end surface of the mandrel 6 to form an inward-turned flange 38, which may be shaped additionally with the help of a pressing tool, which is pressed against the end surface of the mandrel 6. In a similar manner the opposite part of the tube may be formed to an outward-turned flange 37 with the help of a tool, which flanges the material out and prevents it from shrinking down over the edge of the mandrel 6.
When the shrinking operation has been concluded, the duct 12 is connected to atmospheric pressure of a source of vacuum, which causes the membrane 10 to contract so that it assumes the position, which is shown in FIG. 5. This means that the mandrel 6 and the container part 16 formed can be separated from each other by withdrawing the container part 16 from the mandrel, and in FIG. 7 is shown the withdrawn container part. The container part 16 shown in FIG. 7, as has been made evident, has an inward-turned flange 38 at the end, which terminates the neck-shaped part 19 of the container as well as an outward-turned flange 37 at the part, which is intended to constitute the bottom of the container. Furthermore, in FIG. 7 the longitudinal sealing join of the tube 14, wherein a cutout has been made in the aluminium foil layer in the manner described earlier, is designated 20 and a plastic disc welded against the inward-turned flange 38 is designated 17. In the plastic disc 17, which should be made of the same material as the rest of the packing container, may be provided an emptying opening of optional type, e.g. a hole covered by a tear-off cover strip or a tear-off indication provided in the plate 17. The bottom of the container 16 may be closed after the container has been filled in that a plastic or metal end wall 25 is provided over the outward-turned flange 37 and is beaded together with the said flange so as to form a tight end wall closure.
The proportions shown in FIG. 7 of the packing container have been chosen only in order to illustrate clearly the method of manufacture, and the proportions naturally can be altered, e.g. the neck and bottom portions shrunk over the solid mandrel portions may be made shorter in order to make better use of the material and it also may be appropriate to arrange the mandrel in such a manner that the solid portion 8 of the mandrel 6, around which the bottom part of the container is shrunk, has a substantially greater diameter than the portion 7 of the mandrel 6, around which neck part 19 is shrunk.
As mentioned earlier, it may be advantageous to manufacture several packing containers simultaneously in one shrinking operation. One of the advantages obtained by this, beside rationalization, is that the shrunk-in neck portions on the containers can be given a better defined length and edge than when the containers are shrunk individually. The reason for this is that a tube, which is shrunk around a mandrel, receives a somewhat uneven opening edge, which means that the edge has to be trimmed by cutting off a small amount. If on the other hand two containers facing one another are shrunk simultaneously, they can be separated readily by cut along the shrunk portion. This means that the two opening edges automatically will be well defined and uniform without anything having to be "trimmed off". In FIG. 8 is shown how two packing containers are shrunk simultaneously on a "long" mandrel 6. This mandrel 6 is constructed in principle in the same manner as the mandrel, which has been described previously, but it has instead two expandable membranes 10 and three solid mandrel parts, namely two outer solid mandrel parts 8, around which the bottom of the containers is shrunk and a central solid mandrel part 7, around which the neck portions of the two containers facing one another are shrunk. After the shrink-forming around the expanded mandrel 6 in the manner as described above, the shrunk tube 14 is cut along the central line 23 around the shrunk portion of the tube. The parts of the shrunk tube 14 thus separated can be withdrawn subsequently from the mandrel 6, and in order to facilitate the withdrawal, especially if the solid parts 8 of the mandrel have a larger diameter than the central solid part 7 of the mandrel, the mandrel 6 should be dividable along the line 21 so that, after the separation of the shrunk tube 14 along the annular, line 23, the mandrel 6 is divided in that the mandrel halves are shifted in relation to each other, whereupon the shrink-formed container parts can be withdrawn from the mandrel parts after the expandable membranes have been returned to their starting position marked by a broken line. In FIG. 9 is shown schematically a packing container in accordance with the invention, partly cut open and as is evident from the figure the container consists of a central, non-shrunk part 39 of large diameter and a shrunk neck part 40 and a similarly shrunk bottom part 41. After filling, which preferably takes place through the open bottom part, the bottom part 41 is closed with a beaded-on end wall 25, e.g. of sheet-steel, whilst the top opening of the container is closed with the help of a welded on end wall 26, which is fitted against the inward-turned flange of the container not shown here. In the end wall 26, which preferably may be made of plastic material, of PETG or a laminate of the same type as that from which the container is manufactured, a pouring opening is provided, e.g. in that a PETG strip 27 is welded onto the end wall 26, which moreover may be provided with weakening lines. When the strip 27 is torn away with the help of a free pull-lug, a part of the end wall 26 is also torn off so as to form an emptying opening. It is also possible to provide in an end wall a hole punched out in advance, which can be covered over with a tear-off strip or even realize the end wall with a hole having male or female thread so that it can be closed with a screw cap or a threaded plug. As mentioned earlier, the shrunk-in bottom portion of the bottle may be given a larger diameter than the neck portion, which implies having to make the end plate 25 somewhat larger. This is a certain advantage though as the supporting surface of the package will thereby be enlarged. If the supporting surface is considered to be insufficient, the package may be surrounded by an external sleeve 24, which is shown here in a partly cutopen condition. In most cases, however, the use of such a sleeve 24 will not be necessary.
The packing container may also be manufactured in a different manner from that described here. For example, in accordance with FIG. 10, a pipe or a tube 31 of the type mentioned earlier comprising an aluminium foil layer or a layer of gastight plastic is shrunk around a solid mandrel consisting of separable parts 28 and 29. In this case the manufacture of the container is carried out in two stages, namely in the first place the tube 31 is fitted over the solid mandrels 28 and 29, whereafter the tube 31 is heated to shrinkage so that it accurately adheres to the profiled portions of the mandrels, the shrunk parts assuming the position shown in broken lines and marked 32. After the shrunk-in portions have become stabilized by cooling, the shrunk-in pipe or tube 31 is cut by means of an annular incision 33 to yield two formed halves. Now the mandrel portions 28 and 29 are separated from one another, whereupon the partly shrink-formed parts of the laminated tube are fitted onto a second mandrel 6, which shows great similarities to the expandable mandrel described in FIG. 5. The mandrel 6 thus has a solid mandrel portion 42 and an expandable membrane 10, which is stretched over a recess or a cavity 9. In the manner described earlier, the membrane 10 is expanded by supplying compressed gas through the duct 12 to the cavity 9. The partially shrunk package blank 32 is placed on the expanded mandrel 6 in the manner as shown in FIG. 11, whereafter the non-shrunk part 34 of the tube blank 32 is heated to shrinkage. As a result it is formed around the expanded mandrel to assume a position 35, which is indicated by broken lines. After the material has been stabilized by cooling, the expanded membrane 10 can be retracted by connecting the duct to atmospheric pressure or to a source of vacuum, whereafter the formed package can be withdrawn from the mandrel 6.
The packing container manufactured in accordance with the said two-stage process can be provided in a similar manner to that mentioned earlier with an outward-turned flange at its bottom end and with an inward-turned flange at its opening for the arrangement of a pouring opening and, after it has been filled, a plastic or metal lid can be beaded on around the outward-flanged lower end wall. As mentioned earlier, laminated combinations other than those shown in FIG. 1 and in the following figures will sometimes be used, and in FIG. 12 an alternative laminate combination is shown consisting of a co-extruded three-layer material, comprising a central layer 2 of PET and outer layers 1 of PETG. To this co-extruded three-layer material may be imparted a biaxial orientation-stretching. Then an aluminium foil layer 3 may be varnish-laminated or glued to one of the PETG layers 1 and a further, non-orientation-stretched PETG layer 36 may be laminated to the aluminium foil layer after the same has been primed with a varnish.
It has been shown that it is possible with the method and the arrangement in accordance with the invention to manufacture a packing container, which is very thin-walled (for the sake of greater clarity the wall thickness in the enclosed figures has been exaggerated and the figures, in this respect, are not true to scale), which means that the consumption of plastic material for the packing containers can be kept extremely low, although the containers, thanks to the oriented polyester material, tolerate very high internal pressure and, thanks to the incorporated aluminium foil layer, possess very good gas-tightness. The packing containers manufactured in accordance with this method will be cheap to manufacture therefore and substantially surpass the containers known at present in respect of price, weight and gas-tightness.
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