text:
Glucocorticoid stimulation of Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transport in osteoblast-like cells.
ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential cofactor for osteoblast differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Before it can function, this vitamin must be transported into cells via a specific Na+-dependent AA transporter. In this study, we examine the regulation of this transport activity by glucocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones known to stimulate in vitro osteoblast differentiation. Dexamethasone stimulated Na+-dependent AA transport activity approximately twofold in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts. Effects of hormone on ascorbic acid transport were rapid (detected within 24 h) and were maximally stimulated by 25-50 nM dexamethasone. Similar effects of dexamethasone on transport activity were also observed in murine MC3T3-E1 cells. This preosteoblast cell line was used for a more detailed characterization of the glucocorticoid response. Transport activity was stimulated selectively by glucocorticoids (dexamethasone > corticosterone) relative to other steroid hormones (progesterone and 17-beta-estradiol) and was blocked when cells were cultured in the presence of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Kinetic analysis of AA transporter activity in control and dexamethasone-treated cells indicated a Km of approximately 17 microM for both groups. In contrast, dexamethasone increased Vmax by approximately 2.5-fold. Cells also contained an Na+-independent glucose transport activity that has been reported in other systems to transport vitamin C as oxidized dehydroascorbic acid. In marked contrast to Na+-dependent AA transport, this activity was inhibited by dexamethasone. Thus, glucocorticoids increase Na+-dependent AA transport in osteoblasts, possibly via up-regulation of transporter synthesis, and this response can be resolved from actions of glucocorticoids on glucose transport.
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Page 1
Glucocorticoid Stimulation of Na/-
Dependent Ascorbic Acid Transport in
Osteoblast-Like Cells
1Department of Periodontics, Prevention, and Geriatrics, School of Dentistry,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
2Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential cofactor for osteoblast differentiation both in vivo
and in vitro. Before it can function, this vitamin must be transported into cells via a
specific Na/-dependent AA transporter. In this study, we examine the regulation of
this transport activity by glucocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones known to
stimulate in vitro osteoblast differentiation. Dexamethasone stimulated Na/-depen-
dent AA transport activity approximately twofold in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts.
Effects of hormone on ascorbic acid transport were rapid (detected within 24 h)
and were maximally stimulated by 25–50 nM dexamethasone. Similar effects of
dexamethasone on transport activity were also observed in murine MC3T3-E1 cells.
This preosteoblast cell line was used for a more detailed characterization of the
glucocorticoid response. Transport activity was stimulated selectively by glucocorti-
coids (dexamethasone ú corticosterone) relative to other steroid hormones (proges-
terone and17-b-estradiol) andwas blocked whencells werecultured in the presence
of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Kinetic analysis of AA transporter
activity in control and dexamethasone-treated cells indicated a Kmof approximately
17 mM for both groups. In contrast, dexamethasone increased Vmaxby approximately
2.5-fold. Cells also contained an Na/-independent glucose transport activity that has
been reported in other systems to transport vitamin C as oxidized dehydroascorbic
acid. In marked contrast to Na/-dependent AA transport, this activity was inhibited
by dexamethasone. Thus, glucocorticoids increase Na/-dependent AA transport in
osteoblasts, possibly via up-regulation of transporter synthesis, and this response can
be resolved from actions of glucocorticoids on glucose transport.
176:85–91, 1998. ? 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
J. Cell. Physiol.
Ascorbic acid (AA; reduced vitamin C) is essential for
the formation of bone and other connective tissues and
is necessary for the in vivo and in vitro differentiation
of osteoblasts (Franceschi, 1992; Togari et al., 1995).
Actions of AA on osteoblast differentiation require the
synthesis of a collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM)
and may be mediated by integrin:matrix interactions
(Franceschi, 1992; Franceschi and Iyer, 1992; Fran-
ceschi et al., 1994; Takeuchi et al., 1996). We recently
showed that AA up-regulates expression of the osteo-
calcin gene by stimulating activity of the osteoblast-
specific transcription factor, OSF2 (Xiao et al., 1997).
This factor, which is encoded by the Cbfa1 gene, is
essential for osteoblast formation both in vivo and in
vitro (Ducy et al., 1997; Komori et al., 1997; Otto et al.,
1997). Thus, vitamin C is able to regulate fundamental
transcriptional controls necessary for bone formation.
AA must be transported into osteoblasts before it
can act. Although both Na/-dependent (Diliberto et al.,
1983; Helbig et al., 1989; Wilson and Dixon, 1989) and
Na/-independent transport of vitamin C has been de-
scribed in various cell types (Ingermann et al., 1986;
Mann and Newton, 1975; Vera et al., 1995), the former
process is the predominant route for vitamin uptake
by osteoblasts and is essential for the intracellular ac-
cumulation of vitamin C and cellular responsiveness
(Dixon et al., 1991; Franceschi et al., 1995; Wilson and
Dixon, 1989). Although changes in AA transport would
bepredictedto haveprofoundeffectson osteoblastfunc-
tion, only a limited number of studies have examined
the regulation of AA transport by exogenous factors.
Dixon and coworkers showed that AA pretreatment of
Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Contract
grant number: DE 11723; Contract grant sponsor: Michigan Ar-
thritis Center; Contract grant number: NIH P60-AR20557; Con-
tract grant sponsor: National Institute for Dental Research; Con-
tract grant number: DE 07101.
*Correspondence to: Dr. Renny T. Franceschi, Department of
Periodontics, Prevention and Geriatrics, University of Michigan
School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI
Received 5 August 1997; Accepted 25 November 1997
8938 678D/ 8938$$678d 04-14-98 14:29:27wlcpaW Liss: JCP
Page 2
(Dixon and Wilson, 1992a), whereas TGF-b treatment
of the same cells increases transport (Dixon and Wil-
son, 1992b).
Steroid hormones such as, glucocorticoids, proges-
tins, and estrogens, are known to affect osteoblast ac-
tivity (Bellows et al., 1987, 1990; Gray, 1989; Ishida et
al., 1996), but their effects on AA transport have not
been previously examined. In the present study, we
tested severalsteroid hormonesfor theirability tostim-
ulate Na/-dependent AA transport in primary cultures
of rat calvarial osteoblasts and murine MC3T3-E1 pre-
osteoblast cells. Of the hormones tested, as will be
shown, only glucocorticoids were able to stimulate AA
transport, and this stimulation required de novo pro-
tein synthesis.
Tissue culture media and fetal bovine serum were
obtained from HyClone Laboratories, Inc. (Logan,
UT). Penicillin/streptomycin was purchased from Gibco
BRL Life Technologies (Gaithersburg, MD). L-[carboxyl-
14C]AA (specific activity 16.7 mCi/mmol) and 2-deoxy-
D-[2,6-3H]glucose (specific activity 57.5 Ci/mmol)
were obtained from Amersham Life Science (Arlington
Heights, IL). Dexamethasone (Dex), L-AA, DL-homo-
cysteine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, and 2-deoxy-D-glu-
cose were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company
(St. Louis, MO). All other chemicals were of analytical
Cell culture
Primary cultures of rat osteoblast-like cells were es-
tablished from neonatal rat calvaria by using the proce-
dure of Pockwinse et al. (1992). Briefly, calvaria were
dissected from newborn rat pups, isolated from perios-
teum, and subjected to sequential digestions of 20, 40,
and 90 min in collagenase A (2 mg/ml; Boehringer-
Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) and 0.25% trypsin. Cells
from the third digest were washed, counted, and plated
bovine serum containing 100 U/ml penicillin and strep-
tomycin at a density of 20,000 cells/cm2. Primary cul-
tures were used without passage.
MC3T3-E1 cells, a generous gift from Dr. M. Kumeg-
awa (Meikai University, Sakado, Japan), were plated
at a density of 50,000 cells/cm2(unless otherwise speci-
fied) and grown in a-MEM containing 10% fetal bovine
serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Treatments were
commenced after a 24-h attachment period. Hormones
were prepared in 1,0001 aliquots by using absolute
ethanol as the vehicle and diluted in a-MEM at the
time of treatment. Control studies indicated that the
ethanol vehicle did not affect transport activity. Cells
were counted by using a Coulter Counter ZM (Hialeah,
FL) or a hemocytometer.
Measurement of ascorbate uptake
Measurement of L-[1-14C]AA was conducted essen-
tially according to the method of Wilson and Dixon
(1989). Cells were rinsed with serum-free AA transport
buffer (which consisted of 134 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl,
1.8 CaCl2, 0.8 mM MgSO4, 10 mM glucose, and 20 mM
(HEPES) adjusted to pH 7.3 with NaOH) and were then
incubated in the same buffer containing 2.5 mM L-[1-
14C]AA at 37?C for 15 min. Previous studies demon-
strated that uptake is linear for at least 30 min under
theseconditions. CellularaccumulationofAA wasmea-
sured by using a scintillation counter, and the data
were normalized to cell number or total cell protein.
The same protocol was followed for studying deoxyglu-
cose transport, except that the 10 mM glucose in the
AA transport buffer were replaced with 5 mM 2-deoxy-
D-glucose and 5 mM sucrose. To examine the Na/inde-
pendence of deoxyglucose transport, Na/was isosmoti-
cally replaced with N-methyl-D-glucamine. Cells were
rinsed with serum-free deoxyglucose transport buffer
and were then incubated in the same buffer containing
1 mCi 2-deoxy-D-[2,6-3H]glucose/ml of transport buffer
to give a final specific activity of 0.2 mCi/mmol. Cellular
accumulation of deoxyglucose was measured with a
scintillation counter, and data were normalized to cell
Statistical analysis
All values are expressed as means { S.D. of triplicate
transport assays. Error bars were omitted from figures
when they were smaller than symbols. All experiments
were repeated at least twice and produced qualitatively
identical results. Dunnett's multiple comparisons test
was used to assess statistical significance among treat-
ments. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km)
and the maximal rate of AA uptake (Vmax) were calcu-
lated by fitting data to idealized Michaelis-Menten ki-
netics by using a Levenburg-Marquardt algorithm in
the Curve-Fitter program of SlideWrite Plus (ver. 3;
Advanced Graphics Software, Carlsbad, CA).
Dex stimulation of AA uptake in primary rat
calvarial osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells
To begin exploring possible actions of steroid hor-
mones on the Na/-dependent AA transport activity of
osteoblast-like cells, we treated both primary rat cal-
varial osteoblasts and murine MC3T3-E1 cells with 17-
b-estradiol, progesterone, corticosterone, and dex com-
pounds and measured transport activity after 2 days.
In this preliminary experiment (results not shown),
only Dex and corticosterone exhibited significant activ-
ity. Figure 1 shows that Dex stimulated Na/-dependent
AA uptake in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts (Fig.
1A) or MC3T3-E1 cells (Fig. 1B) after as little as 18–
24 h. Transport activity continued to increase up to the
48-h time point. During this time interval, Dex did not
significantly affect either cell number or protein con-
tent. For example, day 2 control MC3T3-E1 cultures
contained 1.50 { 0.1 1 106cells/plate and 0.439 { 0.09
mg protein, whereas Dex-treated samples contained
1.30 { 0.2 1 106cells/plate and 0.437 { 0.08 mg pro-
tein. At later times, hormone treatment inhibited cell
number by up to 30% (result not shown). For these
reasons, all subsequent experiments were conducted
using a 48-h treatment time.
The dose-dependence of the response to Dex was ex-
amined in rat calvaria primary cultures (Fig. 2A) and
MC3T3-E1 cells (Fig. 2B). In both cell types, stimula-
tion was observed over a physiological range of Dex,
with primary cultures appearing to be somewhat more
sensitive to hormone. Because the responsiveness of
primary cultures and MC3T3-E1 cells to Dex was simi-
8938678D / 8938$$678d 04-14-98 14:29:27 wlcpaW Liss: JCP
Page 3
Fig. 1.
acid (AA) transport in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts (A) and MC3T3-
E1 cells (B). Cells were isolated and grown as, described in Materials
and Methods, in the presence or absence of 25 nM Dex. At the times
indicated, [14C]-L-AA uptake and cell number were measured.
Time course for dexamethasone (Dex) stimulation of ascorbic
Fig. 2.
port in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts (A) and MC3T3-E1 cells (B).
Cells were cultured for 2 days in the presence of the indicated concen-
tration of Dex before being assayed for AA transport activity and
protein. For each cell type, values are expressed as a percentage of
the untreated control transport activity (primary calvarial osteo-
blasts, 78.2 { 2.3 nmoles/min/g protein; MC3T3-E1 cells, 39.5 { 1.1
nmoles/min/g protein).
Concentration dependence for Dex stimulation of AA trans-
lar, MC3T3-E1 cells were used to conduct a more de-
tailed characterization of the hormone response.
The steroid specificity of the transport response was
examined by treating MC3T3-E1 cells with 0.1 nM to
1 mM Dex, corticosterone, progesterone, and 17-b-estra-
diol (Fig. 3). Both Dex and corticosterone showed sig-
nificant activity, with Dex being approximately 30
times more active (Dex EC50Å 10 nM; corticosterone
EC50Å 300 nM). In contrast, both 17-b-estradiol and
progesterone were inactive, even when they were ad-
minister at a concentration of 100 nM. The slight stim-
ulation seen with 1 mM progesterone is consistent with
reports indicating that it has weak glucocorticoid activ-
ity in certain systems (Rousseau et al., 1972).
Kinetics of AA transport
Kinetic constants for AA transport activity were de-
termined for MC3T3-E1 cells grown in the presence or
absence of 25 nM Dex (Fig 4). Uptake was measured
in the presence of increasing concentrations of L-AA
up to 100 mM, and data were fit to idealized Michaelis-
Menten kinetics. To assess uptake of AA via a non-
Na/-dependent route, uptake was also measured in a
separate set of cells by using transport buffer in which
Na/was replaced with N-methylglucamine. At all AA
concentrations, uptake under Na/-free conditions was
less than 2% of uptake in the presence of Na/and is
not shown. The maximal velocity (Vmax) of L-AA trans-
port was 5.51 { 0.04 nmol/min/108cells for the control
group, whereas Dex-treated cells exhibited a 2.5-fold
8938678D / 8938$$678d 04-14-98 14:29:27wlcpa W Liss: JCP
Page 4
Fig. 3.
treated as described in Figure 2 with increasing concentrations of the indicated steroid hormone. Dex,
dexamethasone; Cort, corticosterone; Prog, progesterone; E2, 17-b-estradiol. Control AA uptake, 0.67 {
0.01 nmoles/min/108cells.
Steroid specificity for glucocorticoid induction of AA transport in MC3T3-E1 cells. Cells were
greater Vmaxof 13.3 { 0.29 nmol/min/108cells. In con-
trast, the apparent Kmfor control cells, 16.83 { 0.39
mM, was not significantly different from the apparent
Kmfor Dex-treated cells, 17.74 { 1.07 mM, and is in
agreement with our previous report (Franceschi et al.,
Requirement for protein synthesis
To determine whether protein synthesis is required
for glucocorticoid stimulation of AA transport, cyclo-
heximide was administered at 2.5 mg/ml to MC3T3-E1
cells grown for 24 h in the presence or absence of 25 nM
Dex (Fig. 5). Control studies (not shown) demonstrated
that this inhibitor concentration blocks greater than
95% of total protein synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Cycloheximide did not affect AA transport in the con-
trol group but blocked the stimulatory activity of Dex.
Results could not be explained by nonspecific toxic ef-
fects of the inhibitor on cells, because cycloheximide
did not significantly reduce the number of cells per
culture, yet it totally blocked the Dex-dependent in-
crease in AA transport (cell numbers: Dex, 5.7 { 0.4 1
105cells/plate; Dex / cycloheximide, 5.1 { 0.3 1 105
Differential effects of Dex on AA and
facilitative hexose transport
The Na/-independent facilitativehexose transporter,
GLUT-1, has been reported to provide a major route
for AA uptake under certain conditions by serving as
a transporter for dehydroascorbic (Vera et al., 1993,
1995). To assess the degree to which Dex selectively
stimulated Na/-dependent AA transport relative to
this alternative pathway, MC3T3-E1 cells were grown
in the presence or absence of 25 nM Dex and assayed
for facilitative hexose transport, as measured by accu-
mulation of the glucose analogue, 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
Assays were conducted in transport buffer with and
port was linear from 2.5 min to 30 min of incubation
and, as expected, was not significantly affected by the
presence or absence of Na/in the transport buffer. Dex-
treated cells actually exhibited an approximate 50–
60% reduction in 2-deoxyglucose transport activity
compared with control cells, and this transport was
Na/-independent regardless of the treatment group.
Thus, effects of Dex on AA vs. hexose transport are
clearly distinguishable.
Glucocorticoids are potent stimulators of in vitro os-
teoblastic differentiation in primary cultures of calvar-
ial osteoblast and marrow stromal osteoprogenitors
(Bellows et al., 1987, 1990). They have been proposed
to act by stimulating the expansion and differentiation
of osteoprogenitors present in these mixed cell popula-
tions (Herbertson and Aubin, 1995; Ishida et al.,
1996). The glucocorticoid-dependent up-regulation of AA
transport we observedin primary cultures ofrat calvar-
ial osteoblasts represents an appropriate response to
allow maximal induction of osteoblast differentiation,
because, as we showed previously, AA-dependent colla-
gen matrix synthesis is necessary for subsequent ex-
pression of osteoblast-related genes (Franceschi and
Iyer, 1992; Franceschi et al., 1994), and osteoblast pre-
cursors must have an active Na/-dependent AA trans-
porter to respond to vitamin C (Franceschi et al., 1995).
The association of high AA transporter activity with
8938 678D/ 8938$$678d04-14-98 14:29:27 wlcpa W Liss: JCP
Page 5
Fig. 5.
by Dex. Cells were cultured for 24 h with the indicated additions
before measurement of AA transport activity. Control, no additions;
DEX, 25 mM dexamethasone; CHX, 2.5 mg/ml cycloheximide. Control
AA uptake, 0.75 { 0.03 nmoles/min/108cells.
Effect of cycloheximide (CHX) on induction of AA transport
can also stimulate AA transporter activity in UMR-106
rat osteosarcoma cells (Dixon and Wilson, 1992b).
We found that glucocorticoids also selectively stimu-
lated AA transport in murine MC3T3-E1 cells. Al-
though this immortalized cell line was useful for con-
ducting a more detailed analysis of the glucocorticoid
response, it was not possible to correlate changes in
transport activity withincreased osteoblast differentia-
tion, which can be done with rat calvarial cultures. In
fact, we observed that Dex treatment inhibited AA-
dependent induction of osteoblast marker proteins and
mineralizationin MC3T3-E1cells(Pandipati andFran-
ceschi, unpublished). A recent report by Lian and co-
workers (Lian et al., 1997) extensively analyzed the
inhibitory activity of glucocorticoids on MC3T3-E1 cell
differentiation and suggested that it may reflect either
differences in the maturational state of these cells rela-
tive to primary cultures or a species-specific response
of mouse osteoblasts to glucocorticoids. However, it is
unclear why MC3T3-E1 cells share one response with
primary rat calvarial osteoblasts (i.e., glucocorticoid
stimulation of AA transport) yet exhibit an opposite
response when differentiation is examined. One possi-
ble explanation is that the cell line, although it was
originally clonal, has become heterogeneous as a result
of passaging. The resulting mixed cell population is
envisioned as being composed of both immature cells
that exhibit an anabolic response to glucocorticoids
(i.e., increased osteoblastic differentiation and AA
transport) and other, more mature cells with a refrac-
tory transport response and differentiation that is in-
hibited by the steroid. We recently showed that the
parent MC3T3-E1 cell line, in fact, is quite heteroge-
neous: Subclones were isolated with varying abilities to
Fig. 4.
cells. Cells were grown for 2 days in the presence or absence of 25
nM Dex. AA uptake was measured in the presence of the indicated
concentrations of extracellular AA. Data were fit to idealized Michae-
lis-Menten kinetics. Derived kinetic constants were: control Km Å
16.83 { 0.39 mM; Dex KmÅ 17.74 { 1.07 mM; control VmaxÅ 5.51 {
0.04 nmol/min/108cells; Dex VmaxÅ 13.1 { 0.29 nmol/min/108cells.
A,B: Analysis of kinetic constants for control and Dex-treated
osteoprogenitors/osteoblasts is consistent with the main
function of this cell type, i.e., to synthesize an abundant
collagenous ECM. Consistent with this concept, TGF-
b, a growth factor known to increase ECM synthesis,
8938 678D / 8938$$678d04-14-98 14:29:27 wlcpa W Liss: JCP
Page 6
stimulatory effects of Dex on AA transport should be
explained by an up-regulation of the hexose trans-
porter. However, 2-deoxyglucose transport was inhib-
ited rather than stimulated by Dex treatment. This
inhibition was seen regardless of whether 2-deoxyglu-
cose accumulation was measured after short times (2.5
min), when initial hexose uptake is likely being mea-
sured, or after longer times (up to 30 min), when the
accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate predomi-
nates. The differential effect of Dex on AA vs. hexose
transport, therefore, provides a means of resolving
these two independent processes in bone cells. Previous
studies by our laboratory (Franceschi et al., 1995) also
found no competition between AA transport and 10 mM
glucose or 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose and showed that cyto-
chalasin B, an inhibitor of glucose transport, did not
significantly reduce AA transport. In conclusion, al-
though GLUT-1 may provide a route for vitamin C en-
try into certain cells, particularly those able to generate
an oxidative environment and extracellular dehy-
droascorbate, it is unlikely that this transporter pro-
vides a major route for the accumulation of AA by osteo-
This work was supported by National Institutes of
Health grant DE 11723 (to R.T.F.) and the by Michigan
Arthritis Center(UM-MAC; NIHP60-AR20557). J.E.D.
was supported by a National Institute for Dental Re-
search/NIH Short-Term Training for Health Profes-
sional Schools Summer Fellowship (grant DE 07101).
Fig. 6.
grown for 2 days in the presence or absence of 25 nM Dex. Uptake of
2-deoxy-[3H]D-glucose was then measured after the indicated times
by using transport buffer with or without Na/.
Effect of Dex on 2-deoxyglucose transport activity. Cells were
differentiate in culture(Xiao et al., 1997).In addition, it
is well established that the hormonal responsiveness
of cells in the osteoblast lineage can vary with matura-
tional state (Gerstenfeld et al., 1996). An alternative
explanation for our results is that MC3T3-E1 cells, be-
cause they are an immortalized cell line, share proper-
ties with both mature and immature osteoblasts/osteo-
blast precursors.
Regardless of the explanation for these discrepanc-
ies, MC3T3-E1 cells clearly showed an AA-transport
response after glucocorticoid treatment that was simi-
lar to primary rat calvarial cultures. The induction by
glucocorticoids was rapid, occurring in less than 24 h;
it was not related to changes in cell density; and it
was specific, in that it was induced only by Dex and
corticosterone, whereas related steroids (17-b-estra-
diol, progesterone) had minimal activity. The selective
activity of Dex suggests that this response is mediated
by the glucocorticoid receptor, which is present in
MC3T3-E1 cells (Masuyama et al., 1992). Kinetic anal-
ysis revealed that Dex increased the Vmaxfor AA trans-
port by 2.5-fold without affecting Km. When taken
together with the results of studies using protein syn-
thesis inhibitors, these experiments suggest that gluco-
corticoids act primarily by stimulating transporter ex-
pression. However, further investigations into the
mechanism of this regulation will require cloning of the
osteoblast Na/-dependent AA transporter.
It has been suggested that dehydroascorbic acid is
transported into cells primarily by the GLUT-1 trans-
porter in a Na/-independent fashion, after which, the
dehydroascorbic acid is reduced to AA and accumulated
at some intracellular site in a Na/-dependent manner
(Vera et al., 1993, 1995). Assuming that MC3T3-E1
cells follow a similar paradigm for AA transport, the
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and Wiederholt, M. (1989) Electrogenic Na/-ascorbate cotransport
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K., Shimizu, Y., Bronson, R.T., Gao, Y.-H., Inada, M., Sato, M.,
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Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone
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Lian, J.B., Shalhoub, V., Aslam, F., Frenkel, B., Green, J., Hamrah,
M., Stein, G.S., and Stein, J.L. (1997) Species-specific glucocorticoid
and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D responsiveness in mouse MC3T3-E1
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Otto, F., Thornell, A.P., Crompton, T., Denzel, A., Gilmour, K.C., Ro-
sewell, I.R., Stamp, G.W.H., Beddington, R.S.P., Mundlos, S., and
Olsen, B.R. (1997) Cbfa1, a candidate gene for cleidocranial dyspla-
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development. Cell, 89:765–771.
Pockwinse, S.M., Wilming, L.G., Conlon, D.M., Stein, G.S., and Lian,
J.B. (1992) Expression of cell growth and bone specific genes at
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zation in primary osteoblast cultures. J. Cell. Biochem., 49:310–
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coid receptors: Relations between steroid binding and biological ef-
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Vera, J.C., Rivas, C.I., Velasquez, F.V., Zhang, R.H., Concha, I.I.,
and Golde, D.W. (1995) Resolution of the facilitated transport of
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8938 678D / 8938$$678d04-14-98 14:29:27wlcpa W Liss: JCP


text:
" Fostering Great Citizens "
It is our mission to serve our students by expending resources to deliver rigorous instructional programs, which will foster increased student achievement including college and career readiness with an emphasis on student academic growth. Through supportive, cooperative efforts and involvement from parents, community, and external partnerships we will continue to motivate our students to take an active and responsible role in their learning, become more critically aware and a learner in the 21st century. .
Quick Links
Bell Schedule
7:40- 7:45 Line up Bell
7:45- 8:00 Breakfast for all students
8:00- 900 Instructional Block 1
9:00-10:00 Instructional Block 2
10:00-11:00 Instructional Block 3
11:00- 12:00 Instructional Block 4
12:00-12:45 Lunch/ Recess
12:45-1:45 Instructional Block 5
1:45-2:45 Instructional Block 6
Note: Students receive 60 minutes of
either Library/ Computers Art or Gym daily.
Armour in the News
First Day at Armour School:
High School Fair
Armour School hosted a High School Fair for its students in grades 6 - 8. Many opportunities were highlighted during the 90 minute Open House. Representatives from Selective Enrollment, IB Programs, College and Technical Education Programs, Engineering, Technology, and Private Schools were in attendance. The representatives were extremely impressed of our current junior high students and know that they will each be an asset to whichever school they choose to attend!
Clean Freaks Take over
Upcoming Events
* 11/7 No School Development Day
*11/11 No School Veterans Day
* 11/12 No School Report Card Pick Up
11:00 am- 6:00 pm
Armour visits U.S Cellular Field

subset: commoncrawl


text: We have been deluged with news reports about sexual assault allegations regarding Bill Cosby this week, and at the same time reports of the mishandling of brutal rape at UVA have been emerging. RAINN reports a 50% increase in calls to its sexual assault hotline as a result of these topics in the media. How can all of this help survivors of childhood sexual abuse? Read More


text:
NYC Parks Events Calendar
Get up, get out, and do something! Just about any day of the year, you can find something fun, informative, and healthy to enjoy at an area park. Feel free to browse the listings below, or use the search tools to find an event that matches your interests and location.
Viewing 8,401–8,410 out of 15,172 events
from May 17, 2013 (x) to April 25, 2026
Wednesday, August 6, 2014
Summer Sports Experience: Detective Keith Williams Park
at Detective Keith L. Williams Field House (in Detective Keith L Williams Park), Queens
11:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m.
Bring your kids to the Summer Sports Experience! In the program, Parks staff teach kids through intensive sports clinics.
Category: Kids, Sports, Summer Sports Experience
Dunes, Drawing and Dendrology: Dunes 'Walk and Talk'
at Conference House Park Visitor Center (in Conference House Park), Staten Island
11:00 a.m.–1:00 p.m.
This Dunes 'walk and talk' is part of a new summer program, a thematic series of nature walks, talks, and art workshops, designed to encompass the various natural elements of the park.
Category: Nature, Tours, Talks, Waterfront
Bryant Park Juggling
at Bryant Park, Manhattan
12:00 p.m.–1:00 p.m.
Test your coordination and dexterity with free juggling lessons. All skills are welcome and equipment is provided.
Category: Games, Kids
Rockaway! Exhibit from MoMA PS1: The Surf Club
at Rockaway Beach Surf Club (in Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk), Queens
12:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m.
Rockaway!, a free public arts festival sponsored by the Jamaica Bay-Rockaway Parks Conservancy (JBRPC) to celebrate the reopening of Fort Tilden and recognize the ongoing recovery of…
Category: Art
Adaptive Activities
at McCarren Play Center, Brooklyn
1:00 p.m.–3:00 p.m.
A sampling of adaptive sports. An excellent opportunity for adults and seniors with disabilities to play and learn modified sports.
Category: Accessible, Sports
at Poe Park Visitor Center (in Poe Park), Bronx
2:00 p.m.–3:30 p.m.
Have fun turning discardee materials into usable works of art. Children under 10 years must be accompanied by an adult. Wear clothes that can get messy.
Category: Arts & Crafts
Sunset Family Festival
at Sand Lane and Capadanno Blvd. (in Franklin D. Roosevelt Boardwalk and Beach), Staten Island
4:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m.
The Sunset Family Festival is a series of beach and boardwalk events including fireworks, family entertainment, snacks, and vendors.
Category: Festivals, Games, Kids, Markets, Food, Waterfront
Bryant Park Ping Pong Tournament
at Ping Pong Court (in Bryant Park), Manhattan
6:00 p.m.–9:30 p.m.
Add some competition to your regular table tennis game in our fun single-elimination, bracket-style tournaments. Registration is now open for this tournament. Pre-registration…
Category: Games, Kids, Sports
Bryant Park After Work Music: Abiah
at Fountain Terrace (in Bryant Park), Manhattan
6:00 p.m.–7:00 p.m.
Enjoy original music from NYC's most talented singer-songwriters and bands.
Category: Concerts, Free Summer Concerts
Jack & The Beanstalk
at Elton Street and Jamaica Avenue (in Highland Park), Queens
6:00 p.m.–7:00 p.m.
Jack is looking for adventure, but what he gets is more than he bargained for.
Category: Kids, Theater, Free Summer Theater
Pages: < Prev1…838839840841842843844…1518Next >
Related Information
- Get information on upcoming events directly in your inbox by signing up for our Email Newsletters.
- Know about an event that's not on the calendar? Send us a tip!
- Planning an event and considering hosting it in a park? Make sure to read our Planning an Event page.


text:
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The Dog Blog
Massachusetts reporter Joe Reppucci's news and resources for those who love pets
The Ruff Report: Dogs and Safety
About this blog
Joe Reppucci of Lexington, Mass., writes about dogs and keeping them a healthy part of the family. He has worked as a reporter and editor on major daily newspapers in the Boston area for more than 30 years and is a graduate of Lexington High School ...
» Read more
The Dog Blog
Joe Reppucci of Lexington, Mass., writes about dogs and keeping them a healthy part of the family. He has worked as a reporter and editor on major daily newspapers in the Boston area for more than 30 years and is a graduate of Lexington High School and of Suffolk University in Boston. He writes often about nutrition, behavior and saving money on pet supplies and insurance.
Recent Posts
The Ruff Report: Holiday travel can be dangerous - even deadly - for pets
Nov. 23, 2014 12:01 a.m.
The Ruff Report: This common activity can injure - even kill - your pet
Nov. 18, 2014 12:01 a.m.
The Ruff Report: This common artificial sweetener is killing dogs
Nov. 11, 2014 12:01 a.m.
The Ruff Report: Halloween is most dangerous day of year for pets
Oct. 27, 2014 12:15 p.m.
The Ruff Report: Dogs feel no guilt about mishaving
Oct. 20, 2014 12:15 p.m.
April 27, 2013 12:15 p.m.
Pet poisons bloom everywhere in the springtime
hose fragrant flowers, budding shrubs and lush green grass in the yard might look bright and pretty, but they also have a dark, ugly side - they may be sickening, or even killing, your pet.
Springtime is an especially dangerous season for curious pets who unknowingly nose around in plants that are poisonous if ingested and the fertilizers used to help them grow, so pet parents must take precautions, animal welfare advocates warn.
Story continues below
A book about a rescue dog
that will touch your heart
is a nonfiction book about Samantha, an unwanted rescue dog who the author adopts at age 2. This nicely designed
full-color book
, by longtime newspaper journalist and MySetterSam.com publisher Joseph A. Reppucci, contains more than
60 beautiful color photos of dogs
to help illustrate the compelling and uplifting story of Samantha - a pretty tricolor bird dog who uses her warm personality to win people over and build a new family after being put up for adoption by a hunter because she is gun-shy and afraid to hunt. Learn how she uses her special bonding abilities with people to help her eventually make a transition from the hunting fields to family life.
While reading the The Hunt of Her Life, you will travel with Samantha and the author along a trail filled with surprising twists, sudden turns, mystery and even what some call a miracle. And when the journey is finished, you may never look at people and their pets, motherhood - and perhaps even God - in the same way. The vibrant color photos are carefully positioned throughout the book so you can see images of Samantha and other dogs as you are reading about them, making the story and dogs come alive!
Pet enthusiasts will appreciate the deep bond shared between this unwanted rescue dog and the book's author. Their unique closeness helps Samantha to twice defy certain death. Mothers will be touched by the relationship that the author has with his own mother. Their connection helps him to overcome many frustrations and deal with overwhelming odds in his suspenseful nationwide "hunt" to try to locate the unknown birthplace and family roots of his unregistered rescue dog after she eventually succumbs to illness. Those who like suspense will be intrigued and fascinated by the crafty investigative journalism techniques the author uses to try to uncover his dog's family tree. And everyone will be in awe as they come to realize that God all along has been providing a guiding hand in Samantha's journey through life and astonished when they ultimately learn about the mystical gift at the end of this rescue dog's trail.
The Hunt of Her Life is must reading. It will take you on a captivating journey - a trip like no other - that will touch your heart.
What they are saying:
wonderful journey made all the more remarkable by the determination of the author to honor his beloved English Setter and her bloodline. Twist after twist, turn after turn, you're never let down as The Hunt of Her Life proceeds toward its uplifting conclusion. Vivid photos complement the intelligent narrative. Don't forget the tissues, but don't worry - there's plenty to smile about, too."
Dick Trust
, sports writer (retired),
The Patriot Ledger of Quincy, Mass.
he book is terrific! Wonderfully written, and I loved looking at those magnificent color photographs. This book really moved me, and I couldn't put it down. I don't own a dog, but I was inspired by this compelling rescue dog's story."
Matthew Spencer
, reporter,
Nebraska Life magazine
wonderful story that is told with love and pride by a fine writer. It's a great tribute not only to Samantha, the rescue dog who is the book's main character, but to rescue dogs everywhere, of all kinds. This book is a must read for all dog lovers."
, freelance reporter,
, Mass., Journal
Available at:
MySetterSam page at Createspace.com
the book's publisher.
Createspace.com is a division of Amazon.com.
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Story continues here
�Spring represents a time of growth and renewal, but not everything that springs forth this season is good for dogs,� Liam Crowe, a dog behavioral therapist with Bark Busters training company, states in a media release. �With a little awareness and a few simple precautions, dog owners can prevent many of the problems that arise with warmer weather and keep their dogs safe and healthy.�
Inquisitive dogs might mistaken fragrant spring blooms for tasty snacks, but many plants are toxic and can cause severe illness, or even death, if ingested, according to Bark Busters.
Lawns treated with fertilizers, herbicides or insecticides pose danger for dogs, so keep pets off them until these potentially toxic treatments have completely dried, Bark Busters advises.
The American Veterinary Medical Association also warns about the many potential hazards that spring ushers in for pets, which include the household cleaners used for the seasonal spruce-up of homes and yards.
"Spring cleaning is an annual tradition in many households, but make sure the cleaning products don't hurt your animals," AVMA states in a media release. "If the label states 'keep pets and children away from area until dry,' follow those instructions carefully, and store all chemicals out of reach of children and pets."
AVMA says pet parents should especially beware of the following springtime hazards:
Rhubarb leaves.
Rhubarb, a staple in many vegetable gardens, makes a fine pie, but the leaves are poisonous and can cause kidney failure.
Lilies are a flower common in the spring, and they are very toxic to cats. But cats will often chew them, and even small amounts can lead to kidney failure and death.
Coco bean mulch.
The fragrant spent shells of coco beans are commonly used to mulch gardens. But like chocolate, dogs like to eat them and they are toxic.
Lawn fertilizers.
They are very toxic to pets. Store them in a place far from where your dog or cat can get at them. After applying fertilizers to a lawn, follow the manufacturer instructions regarding the period for keeping pets off. Abide by signs posted on lawns that tell you to keep your pets off.
Pesticides and herbicides.
Even if not lethal, they can cause long-term health problems. Studies indicate the use of pesticides and herbicides may be tied to increased rates of specific forms of cancer in dogs. If your pet is exposed, wash them with soap and water immediately and call your veterinarian.
Rat and mouse poisons.
Controlling vermin becomes an issue again in the spring. Be aware that the same properties of common rat and mouse poisons that make them irresistible to pests will also attract pets. These poisons can be fatal to pets.
Reports about dogs, poison and safety:
Grapes, mushrooms, pot are leading pet poisons
Deadly levels of toxins found in pet toys, gear
Common household item causes most pet poisonings
Protect your pet from accidental poisoning
Knowing signs of poison could save your dog's life
Reports about dogs and safety:
This common activity can injure - even kill - your pet
Living room item leading cause of pet injuries
Protect your pet from theft and torture
In emergency, your pet's survival depends on you
No ID means death for 800,000 pets a year
Pets capable of swallowing strange objects
Ways to keep pets safe in storms, disasters
Keep pets safe from summertime dangers
Protect your pet from hazards in your home
More reports about dogs and safety
Reports about dogs, behavior and safety:
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Reports about dogs, food and safety
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Chocolate, candies mean danger for dogs
Paint and paint thinners.
Keep the pets away when using paint. Thinners, mineral spirits and other solvents can cause severe irritation or chemical burns if swallowed or even if they come in contact with your pet's skin. Latex house paints typically produce a minor stomach upset, but some specialty paints may contain heavy metals or volatile substances that could be harmful if inhaled or ingested.
So easy to read. You choose the topic!
Safety and Behavior
Surveys and Studies
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We had been travelling for a few weeks, and decided to give ourselves a treat, paid more than triple what we're used to paying, and what a disappointment. Nobody to greet us, nobody the whole time, a very small double bed in the centre of the room, no ensuite, the temperature was uncontrollable with the thermostat coming on loudly and... More
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Study: Drinking sugar-sweetened sodas could make you age faster
San Francisco - A new research study has found that people who reported regular daily consumption of 20 ounces of sugar-sweetened soda have an increased rate of DNA ageing and that the ageing effect of consuming sugary sodas was comparable to the effect of smoking.
How to quit smoking: stick your head in a can of cigarette butts, says famed psychologist
About 50 years ago, a young psychology professor by the name of Walter Mischel was walking around Stanford Medical School, when suddenly he had the smoker scared out of him.
Thermometer can potentially detect lung cancer
Munich - Today, the only way doctors can definitively diagnose patients for lung cancer is by an invasive and uncomfortable biopsy.
E-cigarettes could be tempting youths into smoking
A new report has indicated that the electronic cigarettes currently flooding the smoking market could be proving tempting to youngsters looking to start the practice, lending evidence to the argument that "e-cigs" encourage youth smoking.
Video of fish smoking cigarette sparks fury
Some fish lovers are furious after a video surfaced. The video shows a fish on a plank of wood with a lit cigarette in its mouth.
'Vaping' and the rise of a new culture
Along with the rise of vaping comes a distinct culture as well. Vaping smokers have new options and new places to gather with this trend.
Plain packaging linked to decline in Australian smoking rates
In January 2012, Australia introduced plain cigarette packaging in a bid to lower smoking rates. It was the first nation to do so.
Op-Ed: Obesity worse than smoking? New study may change laws
The National Cancer Institute has found that obesity can be worse for your lifespan than smoking. Will this prompt changes in legislation?
U.S. tobacco companies making deadlier, more addictive cigarettes
Earlier this year the U.S. Surgeon-General reported that cigarettes are deadlier and more addictive than ever, and now a report issued Tuesday outlines how tobacco companies have made design changes and put in more additives to achieve that.
Study: Teen smokers favor flavored 'cigarillos'
Advertising smoking products for kids has long been banned in North America. Despite that a new study found that teens greatly prefer flavored smoking brands to unflavored ones.
E-cigarettes help smokers quit more than nicotine patches
A study has appeared to show than e-cigarettes are more effective than nicotine patches and gum in helping people to quit smoking.
Tobacco smoking impairs immune system in HIV-infected people
Smoking and being HIV infected further compromises the immune system presenting the worst immune profile, say researchers in the first study of its kind.
Passive smoking and obesity link
Scientists suggest that there is a link between long-term exposure to passive smoking and a risk of Type 2 diabetes in adults. The diabetes is, in turn, connected with obesity.
New study finds casual pot use alters the brain
Young adults who occasionally use pot show abnormalities in two key areas of their brain related to emotion, motivation, and decision making, new research reveals.
South Korea state insurer sues three tobacco makers
Seoul - South Korea's state health insurer said Monday it had filed a lawsuit against three domestic and foreign tobacco makers, seeking damages of 53.7 billion won ($51.6 million) for payouts over smoking-related illnesses.
Increase in e-cigarette-related calls to poison centers
Washington - The number of calls to poison centers involving e-cigarette liquids containing nicotine rose from one per month in September 2010 to 215 per month in February 2014, according to the U.S. CDC.
Irish pubs keep spark despite a decade smoke-free
Galway - Ten years ago this week, landlord Christy Ruane feared the introduction of the smoking ban in Ireland would stub out his business, and with it the popularity of the traditional Irish pub.
Smoking ban reduces pre-term births, childhood asthma
Paris - Bans on smoking in public and the workplace led to a 10 percent drop in premature births and in emergency asthma treatment for children, researchers said Friday.The evidence, based on the records of more than two million children, comes from 11 publish...
Spain patient gets pneumonia by e-cigarettes
Madrid - A patient in Spain caught pneumonia from smoking an electronic cigarette too much, the second ever recorded case of lung illness from the devices, the hospital treating him said Thursday.The patient, identified by media as a man aged 50, was admitted i...
Nicotine patches no help for pregnant women who smoke
Paris - Nicotine patches fail to help pregnant women to stop smoking, according to a study published by the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Tuesday.Researchers in France asked more than 400 women who smoked at least five cigarettes a day to try either a nicotine...
Pupils at UK school given permission to smoke
Peterborough - The head teacher of a school in Peterborough in the UK has defended her decision to permit pupils to smoke. The school is a referral unit for children with behavioural issues for students aged 14 to 16.
L.A. bans e-cigarettes
Los Angeles - Los Angeles City Council has decided to ban the use of electronic cigarettes in the city's public places. This includes restaurants, bars, nightclubs and public spaces.
Smoking in France, losing its puff?
Paris - It was banned in restaurants and al fresco eating became all the rage.
China can prevent 13 million smoking deaths by 2050: study
Paris - China can prevent nearly 13 million tobacco-related deaths by 2050 by fully implementing a set of neglected anti-smoking policies it had already agreed to, researchers said Wednesday.The estimated number of lives saved, more than the population of Gree...
Quitting smoking makes you happier, says study
Paris - Moderate or heavy smokers who quit tobacco get a boost in mental wellbeing that, for people who are anxious or stressed, is equivalent to taking anti-depressants, a study said Thursday.British researchers examined 26 published investigations into the m...
Fewer than 1 in 5 English adults now smoke: study
Paris - Fewer than one in five adults in England now smoke, the smallest fraction in three generations, the British Medical Journal (BMJ) reported on Tuesday.In a letter, health researchers Jamie Brown and Robert West of University College London reported on a...
British MPs back car smoking ban
London - British members of parliament voted overwhelmingly in support of a ban on smoking in cars carrying children.Lawmakers in the House of Commons, the lower house of parliament, voted in favour of a ban by 376 to 107 on Monday.It is now up to Prime Minist...
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Chelsea Kirk
Cigarillos like these come in many varieties now and are becoming extremely popular with teens in North America.
Passive smoking
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It is believed that our difficulty in trying to stop smoking may be due to Neanderthal DNA mutations in some people's genomes.
Mr. Archie
Tori the smoking Orangutan at the zoo in Central Java, Indonesia
Center For Orangutan Protection
Boy smokes two packs of cigarettes a day.
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420, the code name for marijuana.
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Electronic cigarettes are manufactured in nicotine and non-nicotine varities as well as flavored varities, which include mint, candy and fruit flavors, and are being sold as an alternative to tobacco products.
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Vaping bars such as this one have sprung up throughout the continent as well.
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Town plans ticket crackdownFebruary 14,2013BENNINGTON Following a monthlong amnesty period in March, police in Bennington plan to step up efforts to collect about $150,000 owed to the town in over 5,500 unpaid parking tickets and late fees.
Bennington Police Chief Paul Doucette said the towns parking ticket records date back to 1997. He told the Bennington Banner the records are becoming too cumbersome and the department is hoping to clear the backlog.
Parking tickets are now $25. If they are not paid within 72 hours, the fee is doubled.
However, throughout March, anyone with outstanding tickets will be able to pay them for the original fee, without late charges.MORE IN This Just InRutland City Police said Friday evening the department's phone lines were down. Full StoryBoard planning Full StoryNew offerings at the Rutland Free Library. Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1520, Ferdinand Magellan is first European to navigate passage that bears his name from the Atlantic to the Pacific sea; in 1582, Will Shakespeare, Anne Hathaway secure their marriage license with 40 pound bond.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1778, Capt. James Cook is first European to set eyes on Maui in Hawaiian Islands; 1922, Pharoah Tutankhamun found after 3000 years; 1909, Hollawood movie star Frances Dee born in Los Angeles.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Hazmat unit called downtown, Boys & Girls Club hosts dinner for members and families, Secret Santa back on the beat, city discusses runoff problem on Mayfield Road, Brandon gets creative about fixes to town roads, sidewalks.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: In 1944, U.S. begins B-29 bombing raids on Japanese main islands; in 1950, Great Appalachian Storm begins to form; 1963, Lee Oswald killed by Jack Ruby; 1974, D.B. Cooper hijacks Seattle-bound airliner; 1974, 'Lucy' found.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1927, striking Colo. miners attacked with machine guns by state police; 1877, Thomas Edison announces invention of the phonograph, 1959, Alan Freed fired by WABC 770 AM for accepting payola to promote records.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivers short speech in Gettysburg, Pa.; in 1984, a Pemex LNG facility destroyed by series of gas explosions, 600 people are killed; in 1998, Senate builds fire under Bill Clinton.


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Top storage facilities in Wagoner, OK out of 2 facilities.
- Truck Available
- 24 Hour Access
- Video Cameras Onsite
- Video Cameras Onsite
- Electronic Gate Access
1 (844) 611-1271 Need help? Se habla español
The average price per square foot of self-storage space in Wagoner is $0.46 per month. On average, 10x10 storage units in Wagoner cost $45 per month.
Those who rented self-storage in Wagoner were more likely to book a 5x10 storage unit than any other size.


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Print Yourself Some WheelsAh, 3D printing. Toys, robots, prosthetic limbs. What's next? How about a fully operational car with only 64 parts? Local Motors in Phoenix has just created the world's first and is aiming for production. And now, instead of using multiple printers, they've got one car-sized version. popularmechanics.com The Numbers Are In, and…
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This Week's News on Wheels
This Week in Motoring: October 13, 2014
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Make the world your speed bump
Local Motors Rally Fighter
The Local Motors Rally Fighter is literally the Frankenstein of the car world and looks like the love child of the Dark Knight's tumbler and a Maserati Gran Turismo. If its arresting form seems strangely familiar to you, it's probably because of the crowd-sourced origins of the Rally Fighter's design, which utilizes a hodgepodge of…


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Here you'll find the most recent content from around TU — blog posts, photos, videos and more from TU staff and members like you. Use the filters above to turn content on and off. For more information watch a video here.
Trout Creek (VA)
Upper Jackson River (VA)
Camp SnyderPosted in Land Protection
Climbers Run, home to one of few brook trout populations in Lancaster County.
Photo BY bgerdts ON November 20, 2014 - 0 COMMENTSChum Fishing on Skagit River
Nice chum caught on Skagit River in Washington.
Posted in Virginia - 9VA
Photo BY stephanie_davison ON November 10, 2014 - 0 COMMENTSVeterans Day 2014 wow
Posted in Virginia - 9VA
Photo BY stephanie_davison ON November 10, 2014 - 0 COMMENTSVeterans Day 2014
Video BY emilybronte ON November 9, 2014 - 0 COMMENTSConvert NSF to PST
Fly Patterns BY flyben ON November 4, 2014 - 0 COMMENTSgolden stone
Fun to tie, look at, and catches fish!
Photo BY chris_wood ON November 4, 2014 - 0 COMMENTSReconsidering the maligned beaver
Reconsidering the role of the beaver: http://nyti.ms/1td1yF4. Many of us have had our hearts stop when one of thes
Photo BY jschoen ON November 3, 2014 - 0 COMMENTSMaccaffertium, Millers River
These Cream Cahills appear in late summer and fall on local streams. Not in great abundance, but there are enough duns and spinners to make a fishable hatch. Fish occastional rises, and use as a searching pattern. Size 14-16. There appear to be two different species.
MI40 Nutrition of Benjamin Pakulski.
by: Btanguay573
Oct 15, 2014
Working with the state and local town
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Sep 25, 2014
Using the power of Geographic Informa
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7 April 2014
25 November 2014
Residents living in Breckland are being offered the chance to find out more about their improved recycling service by coming along to a roadshow event near them.
November 21, 2014
Breckland councillors have heard that reports of anti-social behaviour across the district are down by just over 10%, compared to the previous year.
People living in and around a parish in Breckland are being encouraged to share their views after a local council announced its intention to create a development plan for the area.
17 November 2014
Breckland Council's Tanner Street South Car Park in Thetford will reopen this afternoon, three days ahead of schedule.
13 November 2014
November 10, 2014
27 October 2014
Breckland Council is pleased to confirm that Queen's Square Car Park in Attleborough will shortly reopen for use, as repair and resurfacing work reaches completion.
22 October 2014
Around half of the local authorities in the East of England have taken on a unique challenge which has seen their staff step into senior roles within a fictional council and encounter many of the t
14 October 2014
Table tennis fans will soon be served up a slice of their favourite sport thanks to a successful funding bid.
Work began on October 13 to improve the Queen's Square Car Park in Attleborough; the work will see the area completely resurfaced and the pot holes filled in.
Black History Month – 1-31 October, 2014
Time is running out to recognise the tremendous contribution to local communities made by our colleagues, neighbours and friends in Breckland.
Breckland residents are being encouraged not to miss out on an initiative which could help them make big savings on their energy bills.
It's time to raise a glass to Norfolk's Recycling Revolution!
Almost £2m will now be invested in improving broadband connectivity for thousands of homes and businesses across Breckland thanks to the funding commitment from Breckland Council.
Joint press release, issued by Norfolk Waste Partnership:
Three community projects are set to go ahead with support from Breckland Council after their funding bids were given the green light by Cabinet this week.
Breckland is open for business. That's the message from Breckland today (September 9) as the Cabinet approved plans to offer rate relief for new and existing businesses.
8 September 2014
2 September 2014
A Wayland Partnership initiative to support those suffering from dementia and their carers held its inaugural meeting today in Watton.
26 August 2014
Residents across Breckland are being encouraged to join together to see if they could help each other make real savings on their energy bills.
Drivers in Dereham are being reminded of the importance of showing respect to local residents when they get behind the wheel.
Copyright 2014 Breckland Council


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Good to Great: Achieving Success With BPM/SOA
Free registration required
Executive Summary
The attendee of this webcast will learn how to set up a Center of Excellence. The presenter will walk participants through the steps for setting up a COE and putting organizations on track for sustainable success that delivers on the corporate vision.
- Format: Webcast
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Clark Contender Will Take Charge, Falls City-Bound Oaks Winner Believe You Can Work
Willis D.
Abbott Makes Churchill Downs Bow with Mid-Atlantic Invader Nellie Cashman
Sycamore Stable's Nellie Cashman got her first view of the historic Twin Spires of Churchill Downs on Friday morning when she galloped around the Louisville track in preparation for her run in Saturday evening's $175,000-added Mrs. Revere (Grade II) for 3-year-old fillies on the turf.
Pierce Ships Duo From Canada's Legendary Sam-Son Farm for Saturday Turf Stakes
Canada's legendary Sam-Son Farm has enjoyed some wonderful moments beneath Churchill Downs' famed Twin Spires, but it has been some time since its distinctive red silks with gold sleeves have visited the winner's circle after a major race here.
Injured Borel Out for Remainder of 2013, Eyes Oaklawn Park Return
Jockey Calvin Borel, a three-time winner of the Kentucky Derby Presented by Yum! Brands (Grade I) and a 2013 inductee into the Thoroughbred racing Hall of Fame, will take the rest of the year off as he continues his recovery from injuries suffered in an October riding mishap at Keeneland Race Course.
Groupie Doll, Bradley in New York As The Champion's Career Continues
The surroundings are a good bit different than those at her former home at Churchill Downs, but reigning Eclipse Award Filly & Mare Sprint champion Groupie Doll has resumed her training in New York, and trainer William "Buff" Bradley and other familiar faces are close by.
Kentucky Oaks Winner Believe You Can Possible for Thanksgiving's Falls City
A busy morning of works on a glorious autumn morning at Churchill Downs included a serious training move by a filly who is racing royalty on the track's grounds: a five-furlong move by Brereton Jones' Believe You Can, winner of the 2012 Kentucky Oaks (Grade I).
Breeders' Cup Stars 'Possible' for McPeek's Assault on Fall Meet Stakes Races
Trainer Kenny McPeek is planning an assault on the remaining stakes races in the Churchill Downs Fall Meet that could include his top performers from last week's Breeders' Cup Championships at Santa Anita.
Byrne Adds Blinkers for Quick Turnaround for Promising Juvenile Almost Famous
When the highly-regarded 2-year-old Almost Famous faltered in upper stretch and finished a non-threatening fourth in the $61,800 Street Sense on opening day of the Churchill Downs Fall Meet, trainer Pat Byrne quickly admitted that he was completely mystified.
Lukas Says BC Classic Runner-Up Will Take Charge "Possible" for Clark 'Cap Run
The narrow loss to Mucho Macho Man in the $5 million Breeders' Cup Classic (Grade I) at Santa Anita by Willis D. Horton's Will Take Charge might not be the final race of the year for the late-blooming 3-year-old star.
Wise Dan, Groupie Doll Among First Breeders' Cup Stars Back Home in Kentucky
Reigning Horse of the Year Wise Dan, fresh off his second consecutive victory in the Breeders' Cup Mile (GI), and Groupie Doll, the Filly & Mare Sprint champion of 2012 and a repeat winner in the Breeders' Cup Filly and Mare Sprint (GI) at Santa Anita, are back in Kentucky following their early afternoon arrival at Louisville International Airport on a flig


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Thanks for the reply. What documentation do you have concerning William, John, and Jacob Keele, their father Richard and grandfather Arthur? I've had a lot of trouble piecing those family relationships together (there's a lot of conflicting information floating around.) Thanks for any help you can offer.
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Christina Hendricks
83856 Priest River ID
Christina Hendricks (Age: 25)
03054 Merrimack NH
Christina Hendricks (Age: 28)
24112 Martinsville VA
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MySpace Profile: Christina Hendricks
female, 19, American Fork, Utah
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Christina Hendricks Net Worth | Celebrity Net Worth
Christina Hendricks net worth and salary: Christina Hendricks is an American actress who has a net worth $8 million dollars. Born in Knoxville, Tennessee,
Christina Hendricks Theatre Credits - Broadway World.com
Latest News on Christina Hendricks. STAGE TUBE: 'Challenge Ice-cepted!' Tony Winner Neil Patrick Harris Takes ALS Ice Bucket Challenge (Aug 22, 2014).
Christina Hendricks Pictures, Latest News, Videos and Dating ...
Christina Hendricks latest news including Christina Hendricks photos, dating gossip and videos.
Christina Hendricks hot photos, hot pictures, videos, news, goissps,...
Christina Hendricks hot photos, hot pictures, news, videos, movies, songs, lyrics, music albums, filmography, discography, biography and many more!
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Admiring Christina Hendricks
Your ultimate resource about the 'Mad Men' star, Christina Hendricks
Christina Hendricks
Madonna Moons Sean Penn During Concert (Sean Penn Drooling Over Madonna) Twitter Pic, via- @MadonnaWorld. It seems like the exes- Madonna and Sean Penn who were
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Christina Hendricks | Biography | Contactmusic.com
Christina Hendricks Biography, News, Footage, Photos, Videos, Movie Reviews | Christina Hendricks (born 3.5.1975)Christina Hendricks is an American actress, perhaps
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classmates: Christina Hendricks
West Haven High School, West Haven, CT, 1992-1996
classmates: Christina Hendricks
Louisville Collegiate High School, Louisville, KY, 2007-2011
classmates: Christina Hendricks
Payson Center For Success, Payson, AZ, 1998-2002
classmates: Christina Hendricks
Almeria Middle School, Fontana, CA, 1985-1989
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IMDB Filmography: Christina Hendricks
Actress, Mad Men
Christina Hendricks Says Her Agency Dropped Her After She
Christina Hendricks shot to stardom as part of the cast of Mad Men, but her former agent wasn't sold on the show when it was offered to her.
Bad news
legacy.com: Christina A. Hendricks
Christina A. Hendricks, 80, of Phoenix AZ, passed away May 17, 2004. Visitation 6pm, Friday, May 21st, Greenwood Memory Lawn Chapel, 819 N. 27th Avenue. Services Saturday, May
findagrave: Hendricks, Christina Fischer
10/22/1872 - 08/10/1941, Wahoo (Saunders County, Nebraska)
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Christina Hendricks Quotes - BrainyQuote
Enjoy the best Christina Hendricks Quotes at BrainyQuote. Quotations by Christina Hendricks, American Actress, Born May 3, 1975. Share with your friends.
Christina Hendricks New York Magazine
The February 2010 cover of New York magazine features Hollywood actress Christina Hendricks, who is popular for her role as
Christina Hendricks
Redheaded Christina Hendricks plays Joan Holloway, on AMC's Emmy- nominated 1960s- era series, Mad Men as the curvaceous, all- knowing secretary and office...
Christina Hendricks Pictures, Images & Photos | Photobucket
View the 108461 best Christina Hendricks Photos, Christina Hendricks Images, Christina Hendricks Pictures. Download photos or share to Facebook, Twitter,...
Christina Hendricks
Actress, Christina Hendricks was born in Knoxville, Tennessee on May 3, 1975. Hendricks brother is Aaron Hendricks, who is host of GeeksOn. On December 15,...
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Modern Office with Christina Hendricks from Funny Or Die ...
► 1:55► 1:55When Christina Hendricks (Mad Men) gets a job at a new office, it's unclear which is more old-fashioned: her ...
BlinkX Video: GINGERS SCIENTIFICALLY NOT LOVED except for Christina Hendricks
DOCTOR WHO POSTERS ARE BACK!! http://bit.ly/oPHoS5 FACEBOOK: http://on.fb.me/mqpRW7 TWITTER: http://Twitter.com/PhillyD STUFF PHIL LIKES: http://bit.ly/pOUc4j DeFranco MOVIE CLUB:... - 09.20.2011, YouTube
BlinkX Video: Fashion Fails of the Week: Anne Hathaway, Kim K., Christina Hendricks & More
Anne Hathaway dressed like a kid, Kim Kardashian and Christina Hendricks dress for a slumber party & Modern Family's Julie Bowen goes too baggy on this week's fashion fails. - 02.04.2011, CelebTV
Christina Hendricks | Movies and Biography - Yahoo! Movies
Find the complete movie career of Christina Hendricks, including filmography, awards and biography on Yahoo! Movies.
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Lucy Collett is our Page 3 queen
22.12.2011 [The Sun] - I often get compared to the Mad Men actress Christina Hendricks and Jessica Rabbit. "I'm so excited to be the first red-haired Page 3 Idol." Reddy for Page 3 ... Lucy is first redhead winner Lucy, who also wins a £5000 contract and a dream holiday
Google News: Electronic Theatre In-depth Review: Need for Speed: The Run
13.12.2011 [Electronic Theatre] - From there on it's a case of following instructions offered by his log time friend Sam Harper, player by Christina Hendricks. This is the star quality of the videogame, as while Need for Speed: The Run tries desperately to build some character into
Guardian: Need for Speed: The Run – review
11.12.2011 [The Guardian] - Buggy when the going gets complex, downright poor online and with some bafflingly extraneous (and presumably expensive) voice-acting from Sean Faris and Christina Hendricks, this is one of the few games you can rent, finish and have back at the shop
WATCH: 'Mad Men's' Christina Hendricks Stars in Hilarious ...
Actress Christina Hendricks attends the season 7 premiere of "Mad Men" at ArcLight Cinemas on April 2, 2014 in Hollywood, California.
Reports & Statements
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christina hendricks on Tumblr
Find and follow posts tagged christina hendricks on Tumblr.
Christina Hendricks Tries Working In A Modern Office
Christina Hendricks Tries Working In A Modern Office. If Mad Men has taught us anything, it's that no good comes from day-drinking in the ...
answers.com: 10 Things You Never Knew About Christina Hendricks ...
Christina Hendricks comes from the state of Tennessee. Unlike many of her star peers who come from major cities and metropolis areas farther north, Hendricks ...
Christina Hendricks: Agency dropped her over 'Mad Men ...
Christina Hendricks' decision to star in "Mad Men" was a risk that paid off.
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Christina Hendricks News, Photos and Videos - Yahoo! omg!
Christina Hendricks on Yahoo! Get the latest pictures, news and videos of Christina Hendricks.
Christina Hendricks, Zoe Saldana et al glam up to attend Trevor Live benefit
05.12.2011 [MyDaily UK] - Christina Hendricks, Zoe Saldana, Amber Heard, the stars of Glee and many others arrived at the event billed as an 'irreverent evening of comedy and music' organised by the project which provides crisis intervention and suicide prevention services to
TACORI "RoyalT" Engagement Ring Collection Wows at Club TACORI Celebrity Event
22.12.2011 [www.DiamondNe.ws] - Stars and celebrities such as Christina Hendricks, Ali Larter, Maria Menounos, Nikki Reed ("Twilight"), Elisabeth Moss ("Mad Men"), and more entered the party on a royal blue carpet and were treated to a night of drinks, dining, dancing and fun.
International Trailer For Detachment With Adrien Brody Is Just As Beautiful As ...
23.12.2011 [HeyUGuys.co.uk] - Along with Brody, the film has a terrific cast that includes Lucy Liu (Kill Bill: Vol.1), Christina Hendricks (Drive), Bryan Cranston (TV's Breaking Bad), James Caan (The Godfather), Marcia Gay Harden (Miller's Crossing), Tim Blake Nelson (O Brother
'Mad Men's' Christina Hendricks on a Peggy-Joan Spinoff ...
Christina Hendricks just wrapped her eighth season as one of cable's most beloved characters. While the actress is devastated to turn the page ...
'Mad Men's' Christina Hendricks takes Joan to work in Funny ...
Christina Hendricks stars in a new Funny or Die video in which she plays her 'Mad Men' character, Joan Harris, trying to figure out 21st century ...
10 Candid Quotes From Christina Hendricks -- Vulture
Christina Hendricks, who plays Joan Holloway on Mad Men, had it rough growing up. She moved around a lot and was bullied in high school.
11 Questions With: 'Mad Men' Star Christina Hendricks ...
Christina Hendricks is "thrilled" about her Emmy nomination for 'Mad Men', but you won't catch the 39-year-old actress holding her breath.
17 bouncy Christina Hendricks GIFs that will leave you ...
We've been without Mad Men for far too long which also means we've been without Christina Hendricks for far too long. Let's remedy that with ...
Bullied Christina Hendricks 'felt scared' in high school ...
Christina Hendricks was once a victim of bullying. At 13 years old, Hendricks and her family relocated to Fairfax, Va., where she was bullied ...
Christina Hendricks - Glamour
Christina Hendricks is an American actress who is best known for her role as Joan Holloway in cult TV series Mad Men. She was born to a British father and an ...
Christina Hendricks - Stardoll | English
Dress up Christina Hendricks at Stardoll. Choose the clothes the stars should be wearing. Fashion, fun and play.
Christina Hendricks - The Daily Show with Jon Stewart
► 6:06► 6:06Christina Hendricks of 'Mad Men' compares life in the 1960s to modern times. Air Date: April 22, 2013.
Christina Hendricks - UsMagazine.com
Christina Hendricks on Us Weekly, your trusted source for the latest celebrity pictures, news, biography, & videos. Christina Hendricks' Agency...
Christina Hendricks @ TeamCoco.com
Christina Hendricks. ... We have no joke here, we just want to say we're deeply in love with Christina Hendricks and with "Mad Men." TEAM JOAN 4 LIFE!
Christina Hendricks Funny Or Die Unfair Wages PSA
Since the gender-wage gap (unfortunately) still exists, Christina Hendricks is going to live like she's in Mad Men. After all, if modern offices ...
Christina Hendricks Navigates The Modern Office As Her ...
Funny or Die and Christina Hendricks are taking on the gender pay gap in America. Channeling her Mad Men character Joan Harris, Hendricks ...
Christina Hendricks Net Worth - TheRichest
Voted as the Best Looking American Woman by the Esquire Magazine in 2010, Christina Hendricks is more known for her role as Saffron in Firefly, a Fox series,.
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A Jordanian Engineer wins the Third Prize in MENA 100 Regional Competition
Jordanian Engineer Hussein Al-Natsheh, General Manager of Ciapple, has won in the MENA 100 Business Plan Competition that was held on Wednesday at Bahrain's capital, with more than 300 participants from various Middle-Eastern and North African (MENA) countries.
December 5, 2009 12:00 by Aarti Nagraj
Amman 5/12/2009 – Jordanian Engineer Hussein Al-Natsheh, General Manager of Ciapple, has won in the MENA 100 Business Plan Competition that was held on Wednesday at Bahrain's capital, with more than 300 participants from various Middle-Eastern and North African (MENA) countries.
Al-Natasheh's project came as the third best business plan, out of 15 that were nominated to compete for the first place at Manamah. The project's main idea is to commercialize scientific research in the Artificial Intelligence and IT Knowledge domains into software products that support the decision making processes in Marketing and Business Administration Departments in big companies like in the Telecommunication sector.
Upon receiving the award, Mr. Al-Natsheh expressed his happiness regarding winning the competition; its significance and dimensions confirm the Jordanian youth capabilities and potentials. Al- Natsheh said: "The competition period was characterized by its heated climate especially in its final stage, which lent, to winning, a certain kind of elation which I pride myself with." It is worth mentioning that Ciapple Company has won the First Prize in a similar competition, specialized in a regional technology business plans, back in the year 2008.
MENA 100 Competition aims at stimulating entrepreneurs, facilitating their communications with financing sources in the region to acquire the capital they need to practically execute their projects, and connect them to a technical and professional communication network which would help them obtain the technical expertise needed to render their projects successful.
At the same time, Asma'a Al-Lawie from
It should be noted that the MENA 100 Competition is leading the regional pioneer initiative that aims at stimulating entrepreneurship in the Arab World by admitting the need to encourage the expansion of the sector and economic growth via an award program that creates a network between technology, expertise, and investors from one end, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris from the other.
The Network for Financing Organizations has been brought together to support the region's effort for financing the culture of entrepreneurship and enhancing the circumstances regarding financing entrepreneurship. The Network is considered a unique medium connecting all the parties involved in the business development process such as innovators, entrepreneurs, industrial incubators, those who support business activities, projects financing funds, and private equity funds in addition to international organizations, funding organizations, decision makers, and governmental officials.
For more information, please call
PR Launchers / Tel: 0096265691861 - Fax: 0096265691863
Email: [email protected] – Web: www.PRLaunchers.com
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2800 Routh St., 168
Dallas, TX 75201
Category: Theaters
Region: Uptown & Oak Lawn
Seminar is a comedy that once appeared on Broadway with Alan Rickman (yawn) as the lead. But get this, Rickman was replaced by Jeff Motherfucking Goldblum (opposite-yawn)!! The guy from Jurassic Park!!! OK, I'll calm down. Seminar was written by Theresa Rebeck and opens at 8 p.m. Thursday at Theatre Three, 2800 Routh St. The story involves four young writers attending a seminar taught by Leonard. Leo used to be a big-deal author, but he's fallen from grace and is now a big old blowhard foreign correspondent. He revels in ripping their writing to shreds and they fall for it because they're dumb. Just kidding. It's because they're young and he's larger than life. The show's official description reads: "Under his recklessly brilliant and unorthodox instruction, some thrive and others flounder, alliances are made and broken, sex is used as a weapon and hearts are unmoored." Tickets start at $10 and are available now at theater3dallas.com. Performances run through May 18.
Thursdays, 7:30 p.m.; Fridays, Saturdays, 8 p.m.; Sundays, 2 p.m. Starts: April 24. Continues through May 18, 2014


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Milwaukee shouldn't rule out Park East for new arena
Published Oct. 28, 2014
Talk of the siting of a new arena is in full swing now. It seems like all of Milwaukee is a-buzz. While a number of potential sites are on the map, the Park East still makes sense.


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This section of java programming examples of JavaTutorialHQ is intended for IT students and professionals seeking for examples that deals with NIO API. Java introduces a new I/O using the java nio packages. This document can serve as a rich source of java programming source codes that can help in learning java
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Submitted: Nov 04 2013 / 22:48