text:
2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Hartford Workshop 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford Workshop On July 9, 2008, DOE hosted a regional pre-study workshop in Hartford, CT to receive...
Hartford Electric | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Hartford Electric Hartford Electric Place Wisconsin Utility Id 8212 Utility Location Yes Ownership M NERC Location MRO NERC MRO Yes ISO MISO Yes Activity Distribution Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png Cp-1 Small Power Service between 50kW and 200kW Demand Primary Metering and Transformer Ownership Discount with Parallel Generation(20kW or less) Industrial Cp-1 Small Power Service between 50kW and 200kW Demand Primary Metering and Transformer Ownership Discount Industrial Cp-1 Small Power Service between 50kW and 200kW Demand Primary Metering Discount with Parallel Generation(20kW or less) Industrial
2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford Workshop |
2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford Workshop 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford Workshop On July 9, 2008, DOE hosted a regional pre-study workshop in Hartford, CT to receive input and suggestions concerning the 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study. The agenda, full transcript, and documents submitted for consideration for the 2009 study are available below. 7-09-08 Congestion Workshop Agenda - Hartford, CT.pdf Transcript - 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study Hartford Workshop.pdf Comments of the New York Independent System Operator, submitted at 2009 Congestion Study Hartford workshop_0.pdf Prepared Remarks of Brian Forshaw, Connecticut Municipal Electric Energy Cooperative, submitted at 2009 Congestion Study Hartford workshop_0.pdf
Hartford Steam Co | Open Energy Information
Edit with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Hartford Steam Co Jump to: navigation, search Name Hartford Steam Co Place Connecticut Utility Id...
The Hartford | Open Energy Information
The Hartford The Hartford Jump to: navigation, search Logo: The Hartford Name The Hartford Address One Hartford Plaza Place Hartford, Connecticut Zip 06155 Region Northeast - NY NJ CT PA Area Product Insurance and Financial Services Stock Symbol HIG Number of employees 10,000+ Phone number 860-547-9517 Website http://www.thehartford.com Coordinates 41.7692603°, -72.6859748° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.7692603,"lon":-72.6859748,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
The Hartford Life and Accident Insurance
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company Group Numbers Basic Group Term Life AD&D-677984 Life and Accident Insurance Company. (Referred to as The Hartford or Hartford.) General information industry. Europ Assist has been helping customers in times of crisis for more than 46 years. They have
Hartford City, Indiana: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Hartford City, Indiana: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates...
Hartford Landfill Gas Utilization Proj Biomass Facility | Open Energy
Hartford Landfill Gas Utilization Proj Biomass Facility Hartford Landfill Gas Utilization Proj Biomass Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name Hartford Landfill Gas Utilization Proj Biomass Facility Facility Hartford Landfill Gas Utilization Proj Sector Biomass Facility Type Landfill Gas Location Hartford County, Connecticut Coordinates 41.7924343°, -72.8042797° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.7924343,"lon":-72.8042797,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Microsoft Word - Transcript_Pre-2009 Congestion Study_Hartford.doc
9/2008 9/2008 Hartford, CT Page 1 U.S. Department of Energy Pre-Congestion Study Regional Workshops for the 2009 National Electric Congestion Study Hartford, CT July 9, 2008 9:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Transcript David Meyer: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'm David Meyer from the Department of Energy, and I welcome you to our workshop for our upcoming 2009 Electric Transmission Congestion Study. Before I give you an overview of what we have in mind for the study I wanted to first thank Commissioner Don Downes from Connecticut for hosting us here. We're very glad to have the opportunity to be here. I also wanted to introduce some of my colleagues - Lot Cooke, from our general counsel's office, will be assisting us in the conduct of the
Microsoft Word - Hartford Agenda as of 6-30-08.doc
U.S. Department of Energy Transmission Congestion Study Workshop Hartford Marriott Downtown Hotel Hartford, Connecticut July 9, 2008 AGENDA 8:00 - 9:00 am Registration 9:00 - 9:15...
City of Hartford, Alabama (Utility Company) | Open Energy Information
Alabama (Utility Company) Alabama (Utility Company) Jump to: navigation, search Name Hartford City of Place Alabama Utility Id 8209 Utility Location Yes Ownership M NERC Location SERC NERC SERC Yes Activity Distribution Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png Residential Rate Residential Average Rates Residential: $0.0601/kWh Commercial: $0.0778/kWh Industrial: $0.0881/kWh References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=City_of_Hartford,_Alabama_(Utility_Company)&oldid=409705"
Hartford County, Connecticut: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Hartford County, Connecticut: Energy Resources Hartford County, Connecticut: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 41.7924343°, -72.8042797° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.7924343,"lon":-72.8042797,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Axio-electric effect
Using the relativistic Hartree-Fock approximation, we calculate the rates of atomic ionization by absorption of axions of the energies up to 100 keV and for an arbitrary value of the axion mass. We present numerical results for atoms used in the low radioactive background searches of dark matter (e.g. Ar, Ge and Xe), as well as the analytical formula which fits numerical calculations for the absorption cross sections and can be applied for other atoms, molecules and condensed matter systems. Using the cross-sections for the axio-electric effect, we derive the counting rates induced by solar axions and set limits on the axion coupling constants.
A. Derevianko; V. A. Dzuba; V. V. Flambaum; M. Pospelov
Hartford Marriott Downtown Hotel Hartford Marriott Downtown Hotel Hartford, Connecticut July 9, 2008 AGENDA 8:00 - 9:00 am Registration 9:00 - 9:15 am DOE Presentation Plans for the 2009 Congestion Study and Objectives of Workshop 9:15 - 10:30 am Panel I Panelists: The Honorable Garry Brown, Chairman, New York State Public Service Commission The Honorable Donald Downes, Chairman, Connecticut Department of Public Utility Control Phil Fedora, Assistant Vice President, Reliability Services, Northeast Power Coordinating Council, Inc. Lisa Fink, Senior Staff Attorney, Maine Public Utilities Commission Tom Simpson, Vice President, Energy, New York City Economic Development Corporation John Keene, Counsel, Division of Regional and Federal Affairs, Massachusetts Department of Public
Clinical Effects of Electric Shock
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The ever-expanding use of electricity in everyday life has resulted in the creation of a sizable body of literature on electric shocks. People are potentially at risk of electric shock whether at home, at work, at school, or during recreation. The documented aftereffects vary in severity as well as body part affected. Thus, there is a need to catalog and understand the extent of the clinical effects of electric shock incidents that have been reported. This report characterizes and summarizes the findings...
Electrical Effects of HVDC Transmission Lines
Electrical effects can constrain the design of prospective high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines operating either alone or sharing the same rights of way structures with high-voltage alternate current (HVAC) lines. In 2013, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research on HVDC electrical effects focused on electric field and ion density at ground level. The ultimate goal of the project is to calculate with confidence these electrical effects. The algorithms on which the software currently ...
Table 6a. Total Electricity Consumption per Effective Occupied...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
a. Total Electricity Consumption per Effective Occupied Square Foot, 1992 Building Characteristics All Buildings Using Electricity (thousand) Total Electricity Consumption...
Electrical Effects of HVDC Transmission Lines--2012
Electrical effects may constrain the design of prospective high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines, when either alone or sharing the same structures with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) lines. In 2012, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research focused on electric field and ion density at ground level. The ultimate goal is to calculate with confidence these electrical effects. The work built on research previously performed, including pioneering research performed at EPRI�s ...
Axial Current Generation from Electric Field: Chiral Electric Separation Effect
We study a relativistic plasma containing charged chiral fermions in an external electric field. We show that with the presence of both vector and axial charge densities, the electric field can induce an axial current along its direction and thus cause chirality separation. We call it the Chiral Electric Separation Effect (CESE). On very general basis, we argue that the strength of CESE is proportional to $\\mu_V\\mu_A$ with $\\mu_V$ and $\\mu_A$ the chemical potentials for vector charge and axial charge. We then explicitly calculate this CESE conductivity coefficient in thermal QED at leading-log order. The CESE can manifest a new gapless wave mode propagating along the electric field. Potential observable of CESE in heavy-ion collisions is also discussed.
Xu-Guang Huang; Jinfeng Liao
1 Introduction The Electrical Resistivity Method � Terrainin Electrical Resistivity Surveys � � � � . � � . � � � � �effects in electrical resistivity and magnetometric
Oppliger, G.L.
The Electric Aharonov-Bohm Effect
In their seminal paper Aharonov and Bohm (1959) claimed that electromagnetic fields can act at a distance on charged particles even if they are identically zero in the region of space where the particles propagate. They proposed two experiments to verify their theoretical conclusions. The magnetic effect, that has been extensively studied, and the electric effect where an electron is affected by a time-dependent electric potential that is constant in the region where the electron is propagating, i.e., such that the electric field vanishes along its trajectory. The Aharonov-Bohm effects imply such a strong departure from the physical intuition coming from classical physics that it is no wonder that they remain a highly controversial issue, after more than fifty years. The existence of electric Aharonov-Bohm effect, that has not been confirmed experimentally, is a very controversial issue. In their 1959 paper Aharonov and Bohm proposed an Ansatz for the solution to the Schroedinger equation in regions where there is a time-dependent electric potential that is constant in space. It consists in multiplying the free evolution by a phase given by the integral in time of the potential. The validity of this Ansatz predicts interference fringes between parts of a coherent electron beam that are subjected to different potentials. In this paper we prove that the exact solution to the Schroedinger equation is given by the Aharonov-Bohm Ansatz up to an error bound in norm that is uniform in time and that decays as a constant divided by the velocity. Our results give, for the first time, a rigorous proof that quantum mechanics predicts the existence of the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect, under conditions that we provide. We hope that our results will estimulate the experimental research on the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Ricardo Weder
Effective resistance on random electrical networks
Take a big graph and make a random electrical network of it by assigning independent resistances on its edges. Now, ask for the behaviour of the effective resistance between two vertices (two ``poles'') far apart. We assume in general that resistances are bounded away from 0 and infinity. In this paper, we study three cases of effective resistance in such random electrical networks: from one side to another in a box of $Z^d$, between two points in $Z^2$, and between two points on a cylinder graph $GxZ$. For all these cases, we obtain the right order of the fluctuations when the poles move apart from each other, and give corresponding subgaussian concentration inequalities. For the cylinder graphs, we prove two additional results: a central limit theorem and a result of uniform stability with respect to noise.
Benaim, Michel; Rossignol, Raphael
Allowance Allocation and Effects on the Electricity Sector
Allowance Allocation and Effects on the Electricity Sector Karen Palmer Resources for the Future of Earthweek #12;Allocation and Electricity · Prior cap-and-trade programs grandfather (GF) allowances on electricity markets depends on CO2 emissions rates · Different regional effect of GF on electricity markets
Magneto-electric Effect and Magnetic Charge
It is shown that both the electric and magnetic dipole moment vectors of hydrogen atom in the excited states with wave function $$ u_n^{(\\pm)} = {1\\over\\sqrt 2} [R_{n,n-1}(r) Y_{n-1,\\pm (n-2)}(\\theta\\phi) \\pm R_{n,n-2}(r) Y_{n-2,\\pm (n-2)}(\\theta\\phi)]$$ align themselves in the direction of an external uniform electric field which is characteristic of magneto-electric effect. These states are found to have magnetic charge $g={3n\\over (n-2)e}$ on account of this effect. This result is confirmed by an independent method. An experiment is suggested to fabricate these states and detect the magnetic charge. It ma be worth noting that inspite of many experimental searchs, magnetic charge, whose existence has been theorized both in electrodynamics and non-abelian gauge theories, none have been found so far, nor there exist any suggstion as to where these are to be found.
T. Pradhan
The Effects of Electricity Tariff Structure on Distributed Generation Adoption in New York State
The Effects of Electricity Tariff Structure on DistributedThe Effects of Electricity Tariff Structure on DistributedThe Effects of Electricity Tariff Structure on Distributed
Firestone, Ryan; Marnay, Chris
TRANSMISSION EFFECTS IN MARKET POWER ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY MARKETS Thomas J. Overbye George Gross, congestion, merger analysis, PTDF 1. INTRODUCTION The electric power industry throughout the world of the impact that the electrical transmission system has on the analysis market power opportunities
Gross, George
Cost Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs | Open Energy
Cost Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs Cost Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Cost Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs Agency/Company /Organization: Resources for the Future Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency Topics: Finance Resource Type: Publications Website: www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-DP-09-48.pdf Cost Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs Screenshot References: Cost Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs[1] Abstract "We analyze the cost-effectiveness of electric utility rate payer-funded programs to promote demand-side management (DSM) and energy efficiency investments. We develop a conceptual model that relates demand growth rates to accumulated average DSM capital per customer and changes in energy
Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Simple Plants
... than 40 years ago suggested that simple plants � grasses, beans, and corn- exhibited varying effects in simulated geomagnetic fields and in electric fields.
Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Spin Dynamics in the Resonant Electric Dipole Moment Experiment
A buildup of the vertical polarization in the resonant electric dipole moment (EDM) experiment [Y. F. Orlov, W. M. Morse, and Y. K. Semertzidis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 214802 (2006)] is affected by a horizontal electric field in the particle rest frame oscillating at a resonant frequency. This field is defined by the Lorentz transformation of an oscillating longitudinal electric field and a uniform vertical magnetic one. The effect of a longitudinal electric field is significant, while the contribution from a magnetic field caused by forced coherent longitudinal oscillations of particles is dominant. The effect of electric field on the spin dynamics was not taken into account in previous calculations. This effect is considerable and leads to decreasing the EDM effect for the deuteron and increasing it for the proton. The formula for resonance strengths in the EDM experiment has been derived. The spin dynamics has been calculated.
Alexander J. Silenko
Effects of the drought on California electricity supply and demand
Acknowledgments SUMMARY Electricity Demand ElectricityAdverse Impacts ELECTRICITY DEMAND . . . .Demand forElectricity Sales Electricity Demand by Major Utility
Benenson, P.
On the leverage effect in the Spanish electricity spot market
This article focuses on the study of the leverage effect in the deregulated Spanish wholesale electricity market. For this purpose, we propose a stochastic volatility alternative, a threshold asymmetric autoregressive stochastic volatility (TA-ARSV) ... Keywords: GARCH, TA-ARSV model, asymmetric response of volatility, electricity prices, leverage effect, stochastic volatility
J. M. Montero; M. C. Garc�a; G. Fern�ndez-Avil�s
Effect of Electric Charge on Collisions between Cloud Droplets
A simple model is presented for the calculation of the effect of electric charges on the collision and coalescence of cloud droplets, a topic that is of importance for coalescence-induced natural rainfall and for the possible effectiveness of ...
Neville H. Fletcher
Electrical and Biological Effects of Transmission Lines: A Review.
This review describes the electrical properties of a-c and d-c transmission lines and the resulting effects on plants, animals, and people. Methods used by BPA to mitigate undesirable effects are also discussed. Although much of the information in this review pertains to high-voltage transmission lines, information on distribution lines and electrical appliances is included. The electrical properties discussed are electric and magnetic fields and corona: first for alternating-current (a-c) lines, then for direct current (d-c).
Lee, Jack M.
Effects of Radial Electric Fields on ICRF Waves
SciTech Connect
Equilibrium considerations infer that large localized radial electric fields are associated with internal transport barrier structures in tokamaks and other toroidal magnetic confinement configurations. In this paper, the effects of an equilibrium electric field on fast magnetosonic wave propagation are considered in the context of a cold plasma model.
C.K. Phillips; J.C. Hosea; M. Ono; J.R. Wilson
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines are used to transmit large amounts of power over long distances. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and others have produced many publications over approximately the past three decades, expounding on this topic. Several HVDC transmission lines have been built and have been in operation around the world over that period, and recently, there has been increased interest in the advantages that HVDC transmission affords. HVDC lines, like high-vol...
The effectiveness of the policies on renewable electricity in China
After the legislation of the Renewable Energy Law, China's government established a series of policies to promote renewable energy source electricity (RES-e) from 2005-2012. The effectiveness of the policies varies depending ...
Xiao, Qing S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid Viability: A Study of Commercial Buildings in California and New York States Title Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid Viability: A Study of Commercial Buildings in California and New York States Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2009 Authors Stadler, Michael, Chris Marnay, Afzal S. Siddiqui, Judy Lai, Brian Coffey, and Hirohisa Aki Pagination 106 Date Published 03/2006 Publisher LBNL City Berkeley Keywords consortium for electric reliability technology solutions (certs), energy analysis and environmental impacts department Abstract Berkeley Lab has for several years been developing methods for selection of optimal microgrid systems, especially for commercial building applications, and applying these methods in the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM). This project began with 3 major goals:
Effects of a static electric field on nonsequential double ionization
Using a three-dimensional semiclassical method, we perform a systematic analysis of the effects of an additional static electric field on nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of a helium atom in an intense, linearly polarized laser field. It is found that the static electric field influences not only the ionization rate, but also the kinetic energy of the ionized electron returning to the parent ion, in such a way that, if the rate is increased, then the kinetic energy of the first returning electron is decreased, and vice versa. These two effects compete in NSDI. Since the effect of the static electric field on the ionization of the first electron plays a more crucial role in the competition, the symmetric double-peak structure of the He{sup 2+} momentum distribution parallel to the polarization of the laser field is destroyed. Furthermore, the contribution of the trajectories with multiple recollisions to the NSDI is also changed dramatically by the static electric field. As the static electric field increases, the trajectories with two recollisions, which start at the time when the laser and the static electric field are in the same direction, become increasingly important for the NSDI.
Li Hongyun [Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080 (China); Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Wang Bingbing; Li Xiaofeng; Fu Panming [Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080 (China); Chen Jing; Liu Jie [Center for Nonlinear Studies, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088 (China); Jiang Hongbing; Gong Qihuang [Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Yan Zongchao [Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 (Canada); Research Academy of Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)
Electrical Energy Consumption in California: Data Collection and Analysis,"analysis of electricity requirements for irrigated agri- electrical energy
DEMAND . . . .Demand for Electricity and Power PeakDemand . . � . . ELECTRICITY REQUIREMENTS FOR AGRICULTUREResults . . Coriclusions ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Hydroelectric
Combined Electric and Magnetic Aharonov-Bohm Effects
It is well-known that the electric and magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effects may be formally described on equal footing using the four-vector potential in a relativistic framework. We propose an illustrative manifestation of both effects in a single configuration, in which the specific path of the charged particle determines the weight of the electric and magnetic acquired relative phases. The phases can be distinctively obtained in the Coulomb gauge. The scheme manifests the pedagogical lesson that though each of the relative phases is gauge-dependent their sum is gauge-invariant.
Samuel Marcovitch; Yakir Aharonov; Tirza Kaufferr; Benni Reznik
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Average Retail Price of Electricity to ... Period Residential Commercial Industrial ... or usage falling within specified limits by rate ...
''Water bath'' effect during the electrical underwater wire explosion
The results of a simulation of underwater electrical wire explosion at a current density >10{sup 9} A/cm{sup 2}, total discharge current of {approx}3 MA, and rise time of the current of {approx}100 ns are presented. The electrical wire explosion was simulated using a one-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic model. It is shown that the radiation of the exploded wire produces a thin conducting plasma shell in the water in the vicinity of the exploding wire surface. It was found that this plasma shell catches up to 30% of the discharge current. Nevertheless, it was shown that the pressure and temperature of the wire material remain unchanged as compared with the idealized case of the electrical wire explosion in vacuum. This result is explained by a 'water bath' effect.
Oreshkin, V. I.; Chaikovsky, S. A.; Ratakhin, N. A.; Grinenko, A.; Krasik, Ya. E. [High Current Electronic Institute SB RAS, Tomsk (Russian Federation); Physics Department, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
Effect of an electric field on a Leidenfrost droplet
We experimentally investigate the effect of an electric field applied between a Leidenfrost droplet and the heated substrate on which it is levitating. We quantify the electro-Leidenfrost effect by imaging the interference fringes between the liquid-vapour and vapour-substrate interfaces. The increase of the voltage induces a decrease of the vapour layer thickness. Above a certain critical voltage the Leidenfrost effect is suppressed and the drop starts boiling. Our study characterizes this way to control and/or to avoid the Leidenfrost effect that is undesirable in many domains such as metallurgy or nuclear reactor safety.
Franck Celestini; G. Kirstetter
Equity Effects of Increasing-Block Electricity Pricing
Evidence from Residential Electricity Demand,� Review ofLester D. �The Demand for Electricity: A Survey,� The BellResidential Demand for Electricity under Inverted Block
Borenstein, Severin
of increasing-block electricity rate schedules in the Unitedfrom the analysis of electricity rates, this approach toBlock Residential Electricity Rates in California The
the average annual electricity bills for non-CARE customersif reducing the electricity bills of low income customers iswould raise the annual electricity bill of the poorest
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Electricity is an essential part of modern life. The Energy Department is working to create technology solutions that will reduce our energy use and save Americans money.
Increasing-Block Residential Electricity Rates in CaliforniaResidential Demand for Electricity under Inverted Block Rates:
Determining the effects on residential electricity prices and carbon emissions of electricity market restructuring in Alberta.
??When electricity restructuring initiatives were introduced in Alberta, and finalized with the institution of retail electricity market competition in 2001, it was argued that the� (more)
Jahangir, Junaid Bin
Effects of feedback on residential electricity consumption: A literature review
This report reviews 17 studies assessing the effect of information feedback on residential electricity consumption. Most of the studies were conducted in experimental or quasi-experimental conditions. The studies reviewed used (1) both feedback and incentives, (2) goal setting, (3) cost information feedback, and (4) displays. The study findings, taken together, provide some evidence that feedback is effective in reducing electricity consumption, although questions remain concerning the conditions under which feedback can best be provided. Reductions in consumption found in most of the studies ranged from 5% to 20%. Utility companies are the most likely source of feedback information for residential customers. Three of the studies investigated utility feedback projects. The report discusses the policy implications of these as well as the other studies. The report also lists questions remaining to be researched. 13 refs., 1 tab.
Farhar, B.C.; Fitzpatrick, C.
Utility regulators frequently attempt to use tariff structures to pursue both distributional and efficiency goals. Efficiency necessitates setting prices as close to marginal costs as possible while still allowing the firm to cover its costs. The common distributional goal is to protect low-income customers from high prices. Perhaps nowhere is the conflict between these goals greater than in the use of increasing-block residential utility pricing, in which the marginal price to the customer increases as the customer�s usage rises. Since the 2000-01 California electricity crisis, the state has adopted some of the most steeply increasing-block tariffs in electric utility history, but the distributional and efficiency effects have not been analyzed in detail. Using a novel approach for matching customer bill data with census data on area income distributions, I derive estimates of the income redistribution effected by the increasing-block tariffs used by California regulated electric utilities. I find that the rate structure does redistribute income to lower-income groups, but that the effect is fairly modest, particularly compared to a means-tested program also in use. While the distributional impact of these tariffs do not seem to be large, the efficiency costs may not be great either. Examining the distribution of customer demand
Severin Borenstein
Electric-current Susceptibility and the Chiral Magnetic Effect
We compute the electric-current susceptibility \\chi of hot quark-gluon matter in an external magnetic field B. The difference between the susceptibilities measured in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field is ultraviolet finite and given by \\chi^\\parallel-\\chi^\\perp = VTN_c\\sum_f q_f^2 |q_f B|/(2\\pi^2), where V denotes the volume, T the temperature, N_c the number of colors, and q_f the charge of a quark of flavor f. This non-zero susceptibility difference acts as a background to the Chiral Magnetic Effect, i.e. the generation of electric current along the direction of magnetic field in the presence of topological charge. We propose a description of the Chiral Magnetic Effect that takes into account the fluctuations of electric current quantified by the susceptibility. We find that our results are in agreement with recent lattice QCD calculations. Our approach can be used to model the azimuthal dependence of charge correlations observed in heavy ion collisions.
Kenji Fukushima; Dmitri E. Kharzeev; Harmen J. Warringa
Time-of-use electricity price effects: summary I
In 1975 the Federal Energy Administration, now the Department of Energy (DOE), initiated 16 rate-demonstration projects. This report summarizes a standardized analysis of data from the residential portion of six of those projects: Arizona, Connecticut, Ohio, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, and the Blue Ridge Electric Membership Corporation study of the North Carolina project. A brief description of the DOE rate-demonstration program is provided along with a statement of RTI's objectives in the analysis of TOU rate effects. The report also summarizes the individual project results, which indicate that the experimental TOU rates generally reduced both peak-period and total electricity usage on both average and peak days, since off-peak usage was usually about the same for both TOU and control customers. Analysis methods and data limitations are fully described and additional details on project specific results are given. Some qualitative conclusions and impressions about TOU rates that have been suggested by these analyses are offered.
Miedema, A.K.; White, S.B.
Effects of Vehicle Image in Gasoline-Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Image in Gasoline-Hybrid Electric Vehicles Reid R. HeffnerImage in Gasoline-Hybrid Electric Vehicles Reid R. Heffner,6, 2005 Abstract Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have image,
Heffner, Reid R.; Kurani, Ken; Turrentine, Tom
6, 2005 Abstract Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have image,Image in Gasoline-Hybrid Electric Vehicles Reid R. HeffnerImage in Gasoline-Hybrid Electric Vehicles Reid R. Heffner,
Heffner, Reid R.; Kurani, Kenneth S; Turrentine, Tom
of Oregon Hybrid Gas-Electric Car Owners. July 2003. [14]of electric vehicles and the lack of stylish small car
Processing of Aluminum Wires and Its Effect on Their Electrical ...
The treated specimens were mechanically tested and their electrical resistivity was measured and compared with pure aluminum wires. The highest electrical�...
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
ELECTRIC cdrtrokArJclaeT 3 I+ &i, y I &OF I*- j< t j,fci..- ir )(yiT E-li, ( -,v? Cl -p4.4 RESEARCH LABORATORIES EAST PITTSBURGH, PA. 8ay 22, 1947 Mr. J. Carrel Vrilson...
Submean variance bound for effective resistance of random electric networks
We study a model of random electric networks with Bernoulli resistances. In the case of the lattice Z^2, we show that the point-to-point effective resistance between 0 and a vertex v has a variance of order at most (log |v|)^(2/3) whereas its expected value is of order log |v|, when v goes to infinity. When the dimension of Z^d is different than 2, expectation and variance are of the same order. Similar results are obtained in the context of p-resistance. The proofs rely on a modified Poincare inequality due to Falik and Samorodnitsky.
Itai Benjamini; Raphael Rossignol
ELECTRIC ELECTRIC cdrtrokArJclaeT 3 I+ &i, y$ \I &OF I*- j< t j,fci..- ir )(yiT !E-li, ( \-,v? Cl -p/4.4 RESEARCH LABORATORIES EAST PITTSBURGH, PA. 8ay 22, 1947 Mr. J. Carrel Vrilson General ?!!mager Atomic Qxzgy Commission 1901 Constitution Avenue Kashington, D. C. Dear Sir: In the course of OUT nuclenr research we are planning to study the enc:ri;y threshold anti cross section for fission. For thib program we require a s<>piAroted sample of metallic Uranium 258 of high purity. A quantity of at lezst 5 grams would probably be sufficient for our purpose, and this was included in our 3@icntion for license to the Atonic Energy Coskqission.. This license has been approved, 2nd rre would Llp!Jreciate informztion as to how to ?r*oceed to obtain thit: m2teria.l.
Cost-Effectiveness of Electricity Energy Efficiency Programs
We analyze the cost-effectiveness of electric utility rate payer�funded programs to promote demand-side management (DSM) and energy efficiency investments. We develop a conceptual model that relates demand growth rates to accumulated average DSM capital per customer and changes in energy prices, income, and weather. We estimate that model using nonlinear least squares for two different utility samples. Based on the results for the most complete sample, we find that DSM expenditures over the last 18 years have resulted in a central estimate of 1.1 percent electricity savings at a weighted average cost to utilities (or other program funders) of about 6 cents per kWh saved. Econometrically-based policy simulations find that incremental DSM spending by utilities that had no or relatively low levels of average DSM spending per customer in 2006 could produce 14 billion kWh in additional savings at an expected incremental cost to the utilities of about 3 cents per kWh saved.
Toshi H. Arimura; Richard G. Newell; Karen Palmer
Temperature Effects on the Winter Daily Electric Load
Here we describe the relationship between average daily temperature and winter-daily electric load, as ascertained on the largest electric district in Italy. In particular, it is shown that a sudden 6�C temperature decrease (not a rare event) ...
Paolo Bolzern; Giorgio Fronza; Giuseppe Brusasca
Air-Conditioning Effect Estimation for Mid-Term Forecasts of Tunisian Electricity Consumption
: Engineering-industry, secondary: Econometrics. 1 Introduction The electric power mid-term loads forecasting: Estimated annual temperature sensitive electricity load components 3 Mid-term load forecasting StatisticalAir-Conditioning Effect Estimation for Mid-Term Forecasts of Tunisian Electricity Consumption
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
The Effects of the Dysfunctional Spot Market for Electricity in California
The Effects of the Dysfunctional Spot Market for Electricity in California on the Cost of Forward), the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) program on Reliability and Markets at the U Cruz, California. #12;ABSTRACT The unexpectedly high spot prices for electricity in the summer of 2000
Electric Power Lines : Questions and Answers on Research into Health Effects.
Most people know that electric power lines, like the wiring in our homes, can cause serious electric shocks if we`re not careful. Many people also want to know whether the electric and magnetic fields (EMF) produced by power lines and other electrical devices cause health effects. The purpose of this pamphlet is to answer some common questions that the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) receives about the possible effects of power lines on health. (BPA is the Pacific Northwest`s Federal electric power marketing agency.) First, some basic electrical terms are defined, and electric and magnetic fields are described. Next, answers are given to several questions about recent scientific studies. We then describe how BPA is addressing public concerns raised by these studies. Some important information about electrical safety follows. The last section tells you how to obtain more detailed information about the health and safety issues summarized in this pamphlet.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Time-of-use electricity price effects. Final report
In 1975 the Federal Energy Administration, now the Department of Energy (DOE), initiated 16 rate demonstration projects. This report summarizes a standardized analysis of data from the residential portion of 11 of those projects: Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Los Angeles, North Carolina (Blue Ridge Electric Membership Corporation), North Carolina (Carolina Power and Light Company), Ohio, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. A brief description of the DOE rate demonstration program is provided along with a statement of RTI's objectives in the analysis of TOU rate effects. The report also describes methods and estimation models used for the studies. Details of experimental design and analysis results are given for individual projects analyzed by RTI. Finally, some general observations about the impacts of TOU rates that have been suggested by these analyses are offered. A review of the analytical findings suggests that experimental TOU rates generally reduced peak-period consumption on both average and system peak days. The reductions tended to be larger on system peak days than on average days. Since off-peak consumption was usually about the same for both TOU and control customers, total daily usage by TOU customers was generally reduced. The studies also indicate that high-usage customers responded to TOU rates more sensitively than low-usage customers, suggesting that an effective implementation of a TOU rate schedule may initially be limited to high-usage customers.
Miedema, A.K.; Lee, K.K.; White, S.B.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Hydroelectric Energy Supply Thermal-question. Data on PG&E's hydroelectric resources and Pacific27 Table 28 Table 29 Hydroelectric Supply in California Fuel
for Electricity and Power Peak Demand . . � . . ELECTRICITYby Major Utility Service Area Projected Peak Demand for1977 Historical Peak Demand by Utility Service Area Weather-
Modeling effects of microstructure for electrically active materials
A theoretical framework is proposed for the description of multifunctional material properties. The focus of this theory is on deriving equilibrium and kinetic equations for electrically active materials, particularly for ...
Garc�a Mu�oz, Ramiro Edwin, 1972-
Electricity market equilibrium models: The effect of parametrization
of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Abstract-- In this paper, I use] and applies it to a bid-based pool (BBP) model. The BBP model is representative of energy market struc- ture
Baldick, Ross
Survey of Oregon Hybrid Gas-Electric Car Owners. Julysimilar disdain for non-hybrid compact cars. During her HEVefficient, non-hybrid compact or midsized car during their
similar disdain for non-hybrid compact cars. During her HEVSurvey of Oregon Hybrid Gas-Electric Car Owners. Julyefficient, non-hybrid compact or midsized car during their
Environmental effects of interstate power trading on electricity consumption mixes
Although many studies of electricity generation use national or state average generation mix assumptions, in reality a great deal of electricity is transferred between states with very different mixes of fossil and renewable fuels, and using the average numbers could result in incorrect conclusions in these studies. The authors create electricity consumption profiles for each state and for key industry sectors in the U.S. based on existing state generation profiles, net state power imports, industry presence by state, and an optimization model to estimate interstate electricity trading. Using these 'consumption mixes' can provide a more accurate assessment of electricity use in life-cycle analyses. It is concluded that the published generation mixes for states that import power are misleading, since the power consumed in-state has a different makeup than the power that was generated. And, while most industry sectors have consumption mixes similar to the U.S. average, some of the most critical sectors of the economy - such as resource extraction and material processing sectors - are very different. This result does validate the average mix assumption made in many environmental assessments, but it is important to accurately quantify the generation methods for electricity used when doing life-cycle analyses. 16 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Joe Marriott; H. Scott Matthews [Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Evaluation of prediction error effects in wind energy-based electric vehicle charging
This paper first presents a battery operation scheduler for the sake of practical integration of wind energy generation and electric vehicle charging, and then measures its performance mainly focusing on the effect of wind speed prediction errors. The ... Keywords: battery operation scheduler, electric vehicle charging, renewable energy gain, smart grid, wind energy
Junghoon Lee, Gyung-Leen Park, Il-Woo Lee, Wan Ki Park
Understanding Microstructural Effects on Long Term Electrical Fatigue in Multilayer PZT Actuators*
and lower device degradation with usage time was observed. Keywords: lead zirconate titanate, PbTixZr1-xO3Understanding Microstructural Effects on Long Term Electrical Fatigue in Multilayer PZT Actuators to 1325 °C. Sintering times were 6 and 24 minutes. Samples were poled and additionally electrically
Balzar, Davor
Modeling and Simulating Blast Effects on Electric Substations
A software simulation tool was developed at the Idaho National Laboratory to estimate the fragility of electric substation components subject to an explosive blast. Damage caused by explosively driven fragments on a generic electric substation was estimated by using a ray-tracing technique to track and tabulate fragment impacts and penetrations of substation components. This technique is based on methods used for assessing vulnerability of military aircraft and ground vehicles to explosive blasts. An open-source rendering and ray-trace engine was used for geometric modeling and interactions between fragments and substation components. Semi-empirical material interactions models were used to calculate blast parameters and simulate high-velocity material interactions between explosively driven fragments and substation components. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation was added to model the random nature of fragment generation allowing a skilled analyst to predict failure probabilities of substation components.
Lyle G. Roybal; Robert F. Jeffers; Kent E. McGillivary; Tony D. Paul; Ryan Jacobson
Potential Effects of Climate Change on Electric Utilities
In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the potential for greenhouse gas emissions to modify the global climate system. Significant climate change could affect utility operations and costs through impacts on electricity demand and on generation and delivery systems. Utilities, moreover, may be called upon to take actions to reduce their emissions of CO2, an important greenhouse gas. This report summarizes an assessment of the long-term risks to individual utilities posed by the potentia...
Quantum interference effect and electric field domain formation in quantum well infrared photodetectors
Quantum interference effect and electric field domain formation in quantum well infrared April 1995 An observation of quantum interference effect in photocurrent spectra of a weakly coupled bound-to-continuum multiple quantum well photodetector is reported. This effect persists even at high
Pressure and electric field effects on piezoelectric responses of KNbO3
The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of a KNbO3 single crystal under applied hydrostatic pressure and positive bias electric field are investigated using phenomenological Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) thermodynamic theory. It is shown that the hydrostatic pressure effect on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties is similar to temperature, suggesting a common underlying mechanism for the piezoelectric anisotropy and its enhancement. The stable phase diagram of KNbO3 as a function of temperature and positive bias electric field is constructed. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient d33o* varying with temperature and electric field is calculated.
Liang, Linyun; Li, Yulan; Xue, Fei; Chen , L.Q.
Effect of Sub-Bandgap Illumination on the Internal Electric Field of CdZnTe
Post-growth manipulation of the internal electric field in CdZnTe crystals using sub-bandgap illumination is measured as a function of temperature through infrared (IR) transmission measurements. Using near sub-bandgap IR illumination, both the optical de-trapping of charge carriers and the reduction in carrier recombination increased the mobility lifetime in the crystal. The increased carrier transport is a direct result of decreased hole and electron trapping in addition to other underlying mechanisms. Concentration of the electric field near the cathode is also observed. We measured the electric field distribution with sub-bandgap illumination as a function of temperature via the Pockels effect.
Washington, A.
Hedging effects of wind on retail electric supply costs
In the short term, renewables - especially wind - are not as effective as conventional hedges due to uncertain volume and timing as well as possibly poor correlation with high-value periods. In the long term, there are more potential hedging advantages to renewables because conventional financial hedges are not available very far in the future. (author)
Graves, Frank; Litvinova, Julia
Effects of vaporizer and evaporative condenser pinch points on geofluid effectiveness and cost of electricity for geothermal binary power plants
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
A brief study was conducted in support of the DOE/DGHT Heat Cycle Research Program to investigate the influences of minimum approach temperature differences occurring in supercritical-heater/vaporizer and evaporative-condenser heat rejection systems on geothermal-electric binary power plant performance and cost of electricity. For the systems investigated optimum pinch points for minimizing cost of electricity were estimated to range from 5 to 7/sup 0/F (3 to 4/sup 0/C) for the heater vaporizer. The minimum approach of condensing temperature to wet-bulb temperature for evaporative condensers was estimated to be about 15/sup 0/F (8/sup 0/C) in order to achieve the highest plant net geofluid effectiveness, and approximately 30/sup 0/F (17/sup 0/C) to attain the minimum cost of electricity.
Demuth, O.J.
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record 5014: Electricity Price Effect on Electrolysis Cost
5014 Date: December 15, 2005 5014 Date: December 15, 2005 Title: Electricity Price Effect on Electrolysis Cost Originator: Roxanne Garland Approved by: JoAnn Milliken Date: January 2, 2006 Item: Effect of Electricity Price on Distributed Hydrogen Production Cost (Assumes: 1500 GGE/day, electrolyzer at 76% efficiency, and capital cost of $250/kW) The graph is based on the 2010 target of a 1500 kg/day water electrolysis refueling station described on page 3-12 of the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan, February 2005. The graph uses all the same assumptions associated with the target, except for electricity price: Reference: - 76% efficient electrolyzer - 75% system efficiency
Hedging Strategies and the Economic Effects of Price Spikes in the Electricity Market
This thesis concerns the newly deregulated Swedish electricity market. More specifically it concerns the large sudden increases in the spot price of electricity, i.e. price spikes, and what can be done in order to minimise the risk associated with price spikes by the use of hedging strategies. We have focused on smaller electricity trading companies. Our research questions are formulated below. � Which of our constructed hedging strategies will be the most advantageous to use in terms of reducing the risk associated with price spikes and at the same time produce the best total result over the year? � What are the most critical issues that will improve the performance of a smaller electricity trading company�s hedging strategy? Our results reveal that the strategy consisting of more precise hedging instruments is the most appropriate in terms of reducing the negative economic effects of price spikes. We also show that there is a need for electricity trading companies to put more emphasis on implementing a broader risk management strategy. Our research shows that the option strategy was successful and we recommend electricity traders to consider options as a tool in their hedging strategy.
Jan Hermansson; Johan Westberg; Graduate Business School; Printed Elanders; Novum Ab Abstract
The effects of utility DSM programs on electricity costs and prices
More and more US utilities are running more and larger demand-side management (DSM) programs. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of these programs raises difficult questions for utilities and their regulators. Should these programs aim to minimize the total cost of providing electric-energy services or should they minimize the price of electricity? This study offers quantitative estimates on the tradeoffs between total costs and electricity prices. This study uses a dynamic model to assess the effects of energy-efficiency programs on utility revenues, total resource costs, electricity prices, and electricity consumption for the period 1990 to 2010. These DSM programs are assessed under alternative scenarios. In these cases, fossil-fuel prices, load growth, the amount of excess capacity the utility has in 1990, planned retirements of power plants, the financial treatment of DSM programs, and the costs of energy- efficient programs vary. These analyses are conducted for three utilities: a ``base`` that is typical of US utilities; a ``surplus`` utility that has excess capacity, few planned retirements, and slow growth in fossil-fuel prices and incomes; and a ``deficit`` utility that has little excess capacity, many planned retirements, and rapid growth in fossil-fuel prices and incomes. 28 refs.
Hirst, E.
More and more US utilities are running more and larger demand-side management (DSM) programs. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of these programs raises difficult questions for utilities and their regulators. Should these programs aim to minimize the total cost of providing electric-energy services or should they minimize the price of electricity This study offers quantitative estimates on the tradeoffs between total costs and electricity prices. This study uses a dynamic model to assess the effects of energy-efficiency programs on utility revenues, total resource costs, electricity prices, and electricity consumption for the period 1990 to 2010. These DSM programs are assessed under alternative scenarios. In these cases, fossil-fuel prices, load growth, the amount of excess capacity the utility has in 1990, planned retirements of power plants, the financial treatment of DSM programs, and the costs of energy- efficient programs vary. These analyses are conducted for three utilities: a base'' that is typical of US utilities; a surplus'' utility that has excess capacity, few planned retirements, and slow growth in fossil-fuel prices and incomes; and a deficit'' utility that has little excess capacity, many planned retirements, and rapid growth in fossil-fuel prices and incomes. 28 refs.
DOE Fire Protection Handbook, Volume II. Fire effects and electrical and electronic equipment
Electrical and electronic equipment, including computers, are used at critical facilities throughout the Department of Energy (DOE). Hughes Associates, Inc. was tasked to evaluate the potential thermal and nonthermal effects of a fire on the electrical and electronic equipment and methods to analyze, evaluate, and assist in controlling the potential effects. This report is a result of a literature review and analysis on the effects of fire on electrical equipment. It is directed at three objectives: (1) Provide a state-of-the-art review and analysis of thermal and nonthermal damage to electrical and electronic equipment; (2) Develop a procedure for estimating thermal and nonthermal damage considerations using current knowledge; and (3) Develop an R&D/T&E program to fill gaps in the current knowledge needed to further perfect the procedure. The literature review was performed utilizing existing electronic databases. Sources searched included scientific and engineering databases including Dialog, NTIS, SciSearch and NIST BFRL literature. Incorporated in the analysis is unpublished literature and conversations with members of the ASTM E-5.21, Smoke Corrosivity, and researchers in the electronics field. This report does not consider the effects of fire suppression systems or efforts. Further analysis of the potential impact is required in the future.
Early, Cost-Effective Applications of Photovoltaics in the Electric Utility Industry
Photovoltaic (PV)-powered systems can compete economically with conventional utility approaches such as distribution line extensions and step-down transformer installation for powering small electric loads. This study identified more than 60 cost-effective applications of PV-powered systems for utilities and their customers.
The Effect of Wind Speed and Electric Rates On Wind Turbine Economics
The Effect of Wind Speed and Electric Rates On Wind Turbine Economics Economics of wind power depends mainly on the wind speeds and the turbine make and model. Definition: Simple Payback The "Simple period of a small wind power project. All the figures are per turbine, so it can be used for a one, two
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
Holographic description of the Schwinger effect in electric and magnetic fields
We consider a generalization of the holographic Schwinger effect proposed by Semenoff and Zarembo to the case with constant electric and magnetic fields. There are two ways to turn on magnetic fields, i) the probe D3-brane picture and ii) the string world-sheet picture. In the former picture, magnetic fields both perpendicular and parallel to the electric field are activated by a Lorentz transformation and a spatial rotation. In the latter one, the classical solutions of the string world-sheet corresponding to circular Wilson loops are generalized to contain two additional parameters encoding the presence of magnetic fields.
Yoshiki Sato; Kentaroh Yoshida
Effect of annealing on the electrical properties of thallium-doped PbTe single crystals
It is found that electrical parameters of PbTe single crystals, the character of the dependences of these parameters on temperature and Tl impurity concentration, and the conductivity type (signs of {alpha} and R) are governed to a great extent by the temperature of preliminary annealing. The cause of this effect is that the concentration of doubly charged vacancies in the tellurium sublattice increases with an increase in the annealing temperature, as a result of which the formation of electrically neutral or singly charged complexes of impurity-vacancy type becomes more likely.
Ahmedova, G. A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Abdinova, G. J.; Abdinov, J. Sh. [National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Abdullaev Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)
Effects of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme on Electricity Prices
Any emissions trading program to deal with carbon emissions in the United States is likely to draw heavily on precedents in the path-breaking program in Europe the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme ("EU ETS"). This paper considers the effects of the EU ETS on electricity prices, a topic that has come to the fore recently in the context of rising CO2 prices and concomitant rises in electricity prices in many European markets. Indeed, various proposals have been put forth by governments and private g...
Leading order QED electrical conductivity from the three-particle irreducible effective action
In this article we study the electrical conductivity in QED using the resummed 3PI effective action. We work to 3-loop order in the effective action. We show that the resulting expression for the conductivity is explicitly gauge invariant, and that the integral equations that resum the pinching and colinear contributions are produced naturally by the formalism. All leading order terms are included, without the need for any kind of power counting arguments.
Carrington, M. E.; Kovalchuk, E. [Department of Physics, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, R7A 6A9 (Canada) and Winnipeg Institute for Theoretical Physics, Winnipeg, Manitoba (Canada)
Effective zero-thickness model for a conductive membrane driven by an electric field
The behavior of a conductive membrane in a static (DC) electric field is investigated theoretically. An effective zero-thickness model is constructed based on a Robin-type boundary condition for the electric potential at the membrane, originally developed for electrochemical systems. Within such a framework, corrections to the elastic moduli of the membrane are obtained, which arise from charge accumulation in the Debye layers due to capacitive effects and electric currents through the membrane and can lead to an undulation instability of the membrane. The fluid flow surrounding the membrane is also calculated, which clarifies issues regarding these flows sharing many similarities with flows produced by induced charge electro-osmosis (ICEO). Non-equilibrium steady states of the membrane and of the fluid can be effectively described by this method. It is both simpler, due to the zero thickness approximation which is widely used in the literature on fluid membranes, and more general than previous approaches. The predictions of this model are compared to recent experiments on supported membranes in an electric field.
Falko Ziebert; Martin Z. Bazant; David Lacoste
with relatively high electricity prices, New York State haswith relatively high electricity prices, has also dealt withquite sensitive to electricity prices, and in the New York
The Distributional and Environmental Effects of Time-Varying Prices in Competitive Electricity Markets
assumes that retail electricity rates are set once a yearmarkets, retail electricity rates have been capped fordimension along which electricity rates have sometimes
Holland, Stephen P.; MANSUR, ERIN T
with increasing electricity rates: NiMo shows the leastElectricity Rates..ES 6: Installed DG capacity for volumetric electricity rate
Russell E. , Electric Utility Rate Economics, New York: HillReport on Electric Utility Rate Structures, San Francisco:the Regulation of Electric Utility Rate Structures,'' Boston
Kooser, J.C.
Ibid. Twentieth Century Fund, Electric Power and GovernmentLeonard Olmsted, 11 Electric Power Systems," Encyclopedia ofMcElivain, Joseph A. , "Electric Power- Keystone to Economic
Run E?ects of Real-Time Electricity Pricing,� CSEM WP-133 (Severin. �Time-Varying Retail Electricity Prices: Theoryand Practice,� Electricity Restructuring: Choices and
in the Australian Electricity Industry: 1951-1965," Economicin the Australian Electricity Industry: 1951-1965," Economicin the Australian Electricity Industry: 1951-1965, 1128 give
The Effect of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Lithium-Ion Batteries and Electric Double Layer Capacitors
The Effect of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Lithium-Ion Batteries and Electric Double Layer power. #12;The Effect of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Lithium- Ion Batteries and Electric Double of the Lithium-ion Battery (LIB). A LIB using only graphite in the anode was the control. SWNTs were mixed
Mellor-Crummey, John
Photovoltaics for municipal planners. Cost-effective municipal applications of photovoltaics for electric power
This booklet is intended for city and county government personnel, as well as community organizations, who deal with supplying, regulating, or recommending electric power resources. Specifically, this document deals with photovoltaic (PV) power, or power from solar cells, which is currently the most cost-effective energy source for electricity requirements that are relatively small, located in isolated areas, or difficult to serve with conventional technology. Recently, PV has been documented to be more cost-effective than conventional alternatives (such as line extensions or engine generators) in dozens of applications within the service territories of electric, gas, and communications utilities. Here, we document numerous cost-effective urban applications, chosen by planners and utilities because they were the most cost-effective option or because they were appropriate for environmental or logistical reasons. These applications occur within various municipal departments, including utility, parks and recreation, traffic engineering, transportation, and planning, and they include lighting applications, communications equipment, corrosion protection, irrigation control equipment, remote monitoring, and even portable power supplies for emergency situations.
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Advanced Batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles: A Technology and Cost-Effectiveness Assessment for Battery Electric Vehicles, Power Assist Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Availability of affordable advanced battery technology is a crucial challenge to the growth of the electric-drive vehicle (EDV) market. This study assesses the state of advanced battery technology for EDVs, which include battery electric vehicles (BEVs), power assist hybrid electric vehicles (HEV 0s -- hybrids without electric driving range), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell vehicles. The first part of this study presents assessments of current battery performance and cycle life ca...
Effect of a uniform electric field on soot in laminar premixed ethylene/air flames
The effect of a nominally uniform electric field on the initially uniform distribution of soot has been assessed for laminar premixed ethylene/air flames from a McKenna burner. An electrophoretic influence on charged soot particles was measured through changes to the deposition rate of soot on the McKenna plug, using laser extinction (LE). Soot volume fraction was measured in situ using laser-induced incandescence (LII). Particle size and morphologies were assessed through ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using thermophoretic sampling particle diagnostics (TSPD). The results show that the majority of these soot particles are positively charged. The presence of a negatively charged plug was found to decrease the particle residence times in the flame and to influence the formation and oxidation progress. A positively charged plug has the opposite effect. The effect on soot volume fraction, particles size and morphology with electric field strength is also reported. Flame stability was also found to be affected by the presence of the electric field, with the balance of the electrophoretic force and drag force controlling the transition to unstable flame flicker. The presence of charged species generated by the flame was found to reduce the dielectric field strength to one seventh that of air. (author)
Wang, Y.; Yao, Q. [Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing (China); Nathan, G.J. [School of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Energy Technology, The University of Adelaide, S.A. 5005 (Australia); Alwahabi, Z.T.; King, K.D.; Ho, K. [School of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Energy Technology, The University of Adelaide, S.A. 5005 (Australia)
Electrical engineering Electricity
generation Transmission Distribution · Electrical generators · Electric motors · High voltage engineering associated with the systems Electrical engineering · Electric power generation Transmission Distribution The electricity transported to load locations from a power station transmission subsystem The transmission system
�?nay, Devrim
Possible effects of competition on electricity consumers in the Pacific Northwest
In part, the impetus for restructuring the U.S. electricity industry stems from the large regional disparities in electricity prices. Indeed, industry reforms are moving most rapidly in high-cost states, such as California and those in the Northeast. Legislators, regulators, and many others in states that enjoy low electricity prices, on the other hand, ask whether increased competition will benefit consumers in their states. This report quantifies the effects of increased competition on electricity consumers and producers in two regions, the Pacific Northwest and California. California`s generating costs are roughly double those of the Northwest. We use a new strategic-planning model called Oak Ridge Competitive Electricity Dispatch (ORCED) to conduct these analyses. Specifically, we analyzed four cases: a pre-competition base case intended to represent conditions as they might exist under current regulation in the year 2000, a post-competition case in which customer loads and load shapes respond to real-time electricity pricing, a sensitivity case in which natural-gas prices are 20% higher than in the base case, and a sensitivity case in which the hydroelectric output in the Northwest is 20% less than in the base case. The ORCED analyses suggest that, absent regulatory intervention, retail competition would increase profits for producers in the Northwest and lower prices for consumers in California at the expense of consumers in the Northwest and producers in California. However, state regulators may be able to capture some or all of the increased profits and use them to lower electricity prices in the low-cost region. Perhaps the most straightforward way to allocate the costs and benefits to retail customers is through development of transition-cost charges or credits. With this option, the consumers in both regions can benefit from competition. The magnitude and even direction of bulk-power trading between regions depends strongly on the amount of hydroelectric power and energy available in the Northwest. Market prices respond much more strongly to changes in natural-gas prices and hydro output than do regulated prices. Indeed, market prices are intended to closely track changes in marginal costs, while regulated prices typically track changes in average cost. The bottom line from this analysis is that increased competition can benefit retail customers in high-cost regions without harming customers in low-cost regions. Such a desirable outcome, however, is not automatic. State regulators may have to intervene to be sure that what would otherwise be additional profits for the producers in the low-cost region are used to lower prices to retail customers.
Hadley, S.; Hirst, E.
Method of removing the effects of electrical shorts and shunts created during the fabrication process of a solar cell
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A method of removing the effects of electrical shorts and shunts created during the fabrication process and improving the performance of a solar cell with a thick film cermet electrode opposite to the incident surface by applying a reverse bias voltage of sufficient magnitude to burn out the electrical shorts and shunts but less than the break down voltage of the solar cell.
Nostrand, Gerald E. (Jamesburg, NJ); Hanak, Joseph J. (Lawrenceville, NJ)
Electric dipole moment of the top quark within an effective theory
Using the effective Lagrangian approach, we develope the trilinear contributions originated in the dimension-six electroweak invariants O-tilde{sub W} = (1/3){epsilon}{sub ijk}W{sup i{mu}}{sub v}W{sup jv}{sub {lambda}}W{sup k{lambda}}{sub {mu}} and O-tilde{sub WB} = (1/2)B-tilde{sub {alpha}}{sub {beta}}W{sup c{alpha}}{sup {beta}}{phi}{sup {dagger}}{tau}{sup c}{phi}, and then we insert the corresponding vertices in a one-loop ttV diagram, with V off-shell, generating the structure of the electric dipole moment. Using a nonlinear gauge, we prove that the results are gauge independent. Finally, we present the analytic expressions for the electric dipole form factors originated in each invariant introduced.
Novales-Sanchez, H. [Facutad de Ciencias Fisico-Matematicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla. Apartado Postal 1152, Puebla, Pue. (Mexico); Toscano, J. J. [Instituto de Fisica y Matematicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Edificio C-3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58040, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)
Fracture Surface Area Effects on Fluid Extraction and the Electrical Resistivity of Geothermal Reservoir Rocks
Laboratory measurements of the electrical resistivity of fractured analogue geothermal reservoir rocks were performed to investigate the resistivity contrast caused by active boiling and to determine the effects of variable fracture dimensions and surface area on water extraction. Experiments were performed at confining pressures up to 10 h4Pa (100 bars) and temperatures to 170 C. Fractured samples show a larger resistivity change at the onset of boiling than intact samples. Monitoring the resistivity of fractured samples as they equilibrate to imposed pressure and temperature conditions provides an estimate of fluid migration into and out of the matrix. Measurements presented are an important step toward using field electrical methods to quantitatively search for fractures, infer saturation, and track fluid migration in geothermal reservoirs.
Roberts, J J; Detwiler, R L; Ralph, W; Bonner, B
Achieving A Long Term Business Impact by Improving the Energy Effectiveness and Reliability of Electric Motors
Over 100,000 electric motors drive the production equipment throughout a large chemical company. The energy-efficiency and reliability of these motors during their entire life have a decided impact on the company's manufacturing costs and production capability. The Corporate Motor Technology Team (CMTT) conceived and led a program to optimize the cost effectiveness and reliability of new motors and developed criteria to determine whether to repair or replace motors that fail. The higher energy efficiency of the electric motors offered by vendors today plays a crucial role in these decisions. The company's current motor specification, procurement, maintenance, repair and replacement practices are vastly improved and consistent across the corporation. The 1995 savings attributed to the higher energy efficiency of over 2000 motors installed the prior year amount to $570,000 and will continue to accrue year after year. So will the savings stemming from lower maintenance cost and reduced downtime.
Whelan, C. D.
and in natural gas and electricity delivery rates. http://under the standby tariff. gy Electricity-only (kW) (kW) ($/a) Utility Electricity Bill Uitlity Natural Gas Bill
Source: EPA�s CEMS. Electricity Load Distribution 2.0e-04 NoLoad Figure 2a: Electricity load distribution (in MWh) withreal-time pricing Electricity Load Distribution 2.0e-04 All
York State gy Utility Electricity Bill ($/a) no inv. inv.kW) (kW) ($/a) Utility Electricity Bill Uitlity Natural Gasdown into utility electricity bills, utility natural gas
The Effect of a Pulsed Electric Current on the Compressive Behavior ...
Quasi-static compressive tests with multiple pulses of electric current with a constant pulse period are conducted. Two different electric pulse conditions,�...
Understanding the effects and infrastrcuture needs of plug-in electric vehicle (pev) charging.
??Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are any vehicle that uses electricity to propel the vehicle, potentially in combination with other fuels like gasoline, diesel or hydrogen.� (more)
Davis, Barbara Morgan
New Jersey and Maryland (PJM) electricity market. Consistentelectricity market known as PJM by constructing a simulationWe apply the model to the PJM electricity market, which
Method for minimizing contaminant particle effects in gas-insulated electrical apparatus
Electrical breakdown of a gas insulator in high voltage apparatus is preved by placing an electrical insulative coating on contaminant particles in the gas insulator.
Pace, Marshall O. (Knoxville, TN); Adcock, James L. (Knoxville, TN); Christophorou, Loucas G. (Oak Ridge, TN)
electricity, volumetric natural gas, and demand rates) werevolumetric natural gas ($/kJ) rates, and demand charges. Involumetric natural gas rates, or electricity demand rates)
Effect of neodymium doping on structure, electrical and optical properties of nanocrystalline ZnO
In this paper, we report effect of Nd doping on structure, electrical and optical properties of nanocrystalline ZnO prepared through a modified ceramic route. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that annealed samples are single phase, pure nanocrystalline ZnO. The optical band gap for different compositions, estimated from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy study, shows a little increasing tendency while doped with Nd for the samples annealed at lower temperature. The dc electrical conductivity of the samples decreases with the increase in Nd concentration. The ac electrical measurements prove the hopping conduction as the dominant mechanism. The results are being explained on the basis of band structural change due to Nd doping in the host lattice and by Correlated Barrier Hopping model. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Particle size increases when it is doped (from XRD). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer XRD peak shifted to lower angle when doped. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The dc conductivity decreases with the increase of Nd dopant concentrations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The temperature dependent ac conductivity follows the universal power law.
Roy, B.; Chakrabarty, S. [Department of Physics, University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104 (India); Mondal, O., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104 (India); Pal, M., E-mail: email@example.com [CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur-713 209 (India); Dutta, A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104 (India)
Emission Impacts of Electric Vehicles
greenhouse effect, and electric vehicles," Proceedingso/9thInternational Electric Vehicles Symposium, 1988. 14. R. M.of 9th International Electric Vehicles Sympo- sium, 1988.
Wang, Quanlu; DeLuchi, Mark A.; Sperling, Daniel
High Frequency Effects of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) on Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) Systems
Variable frequency drives (VFD) and subsea (umbilical) cables are frequently used in electrical submersible pump (ESP) systems for offshore platforms. There are two basic system configurations for ESP systems; VFD can be installed on the platform and the motor is connected to it through an umbilical cable, and VFD and the motor are installed closely and they are connected to the system through an umbilical cable. In this thesis, the pros and cons of each configuration are mentioned, but the focus is on the system with a VFD controlled motor through a long umbilical cable. A 36-pulse VFD is studied. Since multilevel VFDs have high frequency harmonics, high frequency modeling of the umbilical cable is used, and skin effect is also taken into consideration in the cable. The effect of the interactions between the umbilical cable and high frequency harmonics on the motor terminal voltage is explored.
Ozkentli, Esra
Internal Electric Field Investigations of a Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detector Using Synchrotron X-ray Mapping and Pockels Effect Measurements
Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) has remained a major focus of research due to its promising application as a room-temperature nuclear radiation detector material. Among the several parameters that substantially affect the detectors' performance, an important one is the distribution of the internal electric field. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) employed synchrotron x-ray microscale mapping and measurements of the Pockels effect to investigate the distribution of the internal electric field in a CZT strip detector. Direct evidence that dislocations can distort the internal electric field of the detector was obtained. Furthermore, it was found that 'star' defects in the CZT crystal, possibly ascribed to dislocation loop punching, cause charge trapping.
Yang, G.; Bolotnikov, A; Camarda, G; Cui, Y; Hossain, A; Yao, H; James, R
Water effects of the use of western coal for electrical production
Water may be a constraint on the expanded development of coal resources in the semi-arid western United States. Water allocation in the West has been determined by the appropriative rights doctrine which allows perpetual use of water sources by those who first claim it for beneficial purposes. This has had the effect of placing a dominative interest in water allocation in one economic sector: agriculture. New water sources are available to coal producers but political and economic problems must be overcome. Water is required by every phase of coal development. Mines use water for dust control and land reclamation. Coal slurry pipelines would use water as a transport medium. Steam electric power plants use water for cooling, cleaning, and in the boiler. Coal gasification plants would use water for cooling, cleaning, and as a material input. In addition to these direct uses of water by coal development, the people who build and operate the development demand water for domestic and recreational purposes. The quantity of water required for a given element of a coal development is site specific and dependent on many factors. The available literature cites a range of estimates of the amount of water required for each type of development. The width of this range seems related to the stage of development of the particular technology. Estimates of water requirements for various schemes to provide an average electrical load of 9 GWe to a load center 1000 miles from western mines are shown in Table 5.
Rogers, E.A.
Electric double layer for spherical particles in salt-free concentrated suspensions including ion size effects
The equilibrium electric double layer (EDL) that surrounds the colloidal particles is determinant for the response of a suspension under a variety of static or alternating external fields. An ideal salt-free suspension is composed by the charged colloidal particles and the ionic countercharge released by the charging mechanism. The existing macroscopic theoretical models can be improved by incorporating different ionic effects usually neglected in previous mean-field approaches, which are based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PB). The influence of the finite size of the ions seems to be quite promising because it has been shown to predict phenomena like charge reversal, which has been out of the scope of classical PB approximations. In this work we numerically obtain the surface electric potential and the counterions concentration profiles around a charged particle in a concentrated salt-free suspension corrected by the finite size of the counterions. The results show the large importance of such corrections for moderate to high particle charges at every particle volume fraction, specially, when a region of closest approach of the counterions to the particle surface is considered. We conclude that finite ion size considerations are obeyed for the development of new theoretical models to study nonequilibrium properties in concentrated colloidal suspensions, particularly the salt-free ones with small and highly charged particles.
R. Roa; F. Carrique; E. Ruiz-Reina
Electric-utility DSM-program costs and effects, 1991 to 2001
For the past three years (1989, 1990, and 1991), all US electric utilities that sell more than 120 GWh/year have been required to report to the Energy Information Administration data on their demand-side management (DSM) programs. These data provide a rich and uniquely comprehensive picture of electric-utility DSM programs in the United States. Altogether, 890 utilities (of about 3250 in the United States) ran DSM programs in 1991; of these, 439 sold more than 120 GWh and reported details on their DSM programs. These 439 utilities represent more than 80% of total US electricity sales and revenues. Altogether, these utilities spent almost $1.8 billion on DSM programs in 1991, equal to 1.0% of total utility revenues that year. In return for these (and prior-year) expenditures, utility DSM programs cut potential peak demand by 26,700 MW (4.8% of the national total) and cut annual electricity use by 23,300 GWh (0.9% of the national total). These 1991 numbers represent substantial increases over the 1989 and 1990 numbers on utility DSM programs. Specifically, utility DSM expenditures doubled, energy savings increased by almost 50%, and demand reductions increased by one-third between 1989 and 1991. Utilities differed enormously in their DSM-program expenditures and effects. Almost 12% of the reporting utilities spent more than 2% of total revenues on DSM programs in 1991, while almost 60% spent less than 0.5% of revenues on DSM. Utility estimates of future DSM-program expenditures and benefits show continuing growth. By the year 2001, US utilities expect to spend 1.2% of revenues on DSM and to cut demand by 8.8% and annual sales by 2.7%. Here, too, expectations vary by region. Utilities in the West and Northwest plan to spend more than 2% of revenues on DSM that year, while utilities in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Southwest, Central, and North Central regions plan to spend less than 1% of revenues on DSM.
Going to SQecific End Uses Hydroelectricity 100% electricity58% transportation Hydroelectricity ! Nuclear Geothermalsupply relied on hydroelectricity, the severe droughts,
Effects of Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 on Electric Utilities: An Update, The
Reports and Publications (EIA)
Describes the strategies used to comply with the Acid Rain Program in 1995, the effect of compliance on SO2 emissions levels, the cost of compliance, and the effects of the program on coal supply and demand. It updates and expands the EIA report, Electric Utility Phase I Acid Rain Compliance Strategies for the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
Information Center
Effect of annealing atmosphere on phase formation and electrical characteristics of bismuth ferrite thin films
Bismuth ferrite thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO{sub 2}/Si substrates by a soft chemical method and spin-coating technique. The effect of annealing atmosphere (air, N{sub 2} and O{sub 2}) on the structure and electrical properties of the films are reported. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the film annealed in air atmosphere is a single-phase perovskite structure. The films annealed in air showed better crystallinity and the presence of a single BFO phase leading to lower leakage current density and superior ferroelectric hysteresis loops at room temperature. In this way, we reveal that BFO film crystallized in air atmosphere by the soft chemical method can be useful for practical applications, including nonvolatile digital memories, spintronics and data-storage media.
Simoes, A.Z., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Universidade Federal de Itajuba, UNIFEI - CAMPUS ITABIRA, Rua Sao Paulo, 377, Bairro Amazonas, CEP: 35900-373 Itabira, MG (Brazil); Riccardi, C.S.; Dos Santos, M.L. [Laboratorio Interdisciplinar em Ceramica, Departamento de Fisico-Quimica, Instituto de Quimica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bairro: Quitandinha, CEP: 14800-900 Araraquara, SP (Brazil); Garcia, F. Gonzalez [Universidade Federal de Itajuba, UNIFEI - CAMPUS ITABIRA, Rua Sao Paulo, 377, Bairro Amazonas, CEP: 35900-373 Itabira, MG (Brazil); Longo, E.; Varela, J.A. [Laboratorio Interdisciplinar em Ceramica, Departamento de Fisico-Quimica, Instituto de Quimica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bairro: Quitandinha, CEP: 14800-900 Araraquara, SP (Brazil)
Effects of pulsed-power loads upon an electric power grid
Certain proposed particle-accelerator and laser experiments, and other devices related to fusion research, require multi-megawatt, repetitive power pulses, often at low (subsynchronous) frequency. While some power-delivery technologies call for a certain degree of buffering of the utility demand using capacitive, inductive, or inertial energy storage, considerations have also been made for serving such loads directly from the line. In either case, such pulsed loads represent non-traditional applications from the utility's perspective which, in certain cases, can have significant design and operational implications. This paper outlines an approach to the analysis of the effects of such loads upon the electric power grid using existing analysis techniques. The impacts studied include busvoltage flicker, transient and dynamic stability, and torsional excitation. The impact of a particular pulsed load is examined and illustrated for the power network serving the Los Alamos National Laboratory. 19 refs., 13 figs.
Smolleck, H.A.; Ranade, S.J.; Prasad, N.R. (New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (USA). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering); Velasco, R.O. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA))
A Development Path to the Efficient and Cost-Effective Bulk Storage of Electrical Energy
Efficient and cost-effective means for storing electrical energy is becoming an increasing need in our electricity-oriented society. For example, for electric utilities an emerging need is for distributed storage systems, that is, energy storage at substations, at solar or wind-power sites, or for load-leveling at the site of major consumers of their electricity. One of the important consequences of distributed storage for the utilities would be the reduction in transmission losses that would result from having a local source of load-leveling power. For applications such as these there are three criteria that must be satisfied by any new system that is developed to meet such needs. These criteria are: (1) high 'turn-around' efficiency, that is, high efficiency of both storing and recovering the stored energy in electrical form, (2) long service life (tens of years), with low maintenance requirements, and, (3) acceptably low capital cost. An additional requirement for these particular applications is that the system should have low enough standby losses to permit operation on a diurnal cycle, that is, storing the energy during a portion of a given day (say during sunlight hours) followed several hours later by its use during night-time hours. One answer to the spectrum of energy storage needs just outlined is the 'electromechanical battery'. The E-M battery, under development for several years at the Laboratory and elsewhere in the world, has the potential to solve the above energy storage problems in a manner superior to the electro-chemical battery in the important attributes of energy recovery efficiency, cycle lifetime, and amortized capital cost. An electromechanical battery is an energy storage module consisting of a high-speed rotor, fabricated from fiber composite, and having an integrally mounted generator/motor. The rotor operates at high speed, in vacuo, inside of a hermetically sealed enclosure, supported by a 'magnetic bearing', that is, a bearing that uses magnetic forces to support the rotor against gravity. Magnetic bearings are a virtual necessity for the E-M battery in order to achieve long service life, and to minimize frictional losses so that the battery does not lose its charge (run down) too rapidly. These considerations mitigate against the use of conventional mechanical bearings in the E-M battery for most applications. The Laboratory has pioneered the development of a new form of magnetic bearing to meet the special requirements of the E-M battery: the 'ambient-temperature passive magnetic bearing'. Simpler, and potentially much less expensive than the existing 'active' magnetic bearings (ones requiring electronic amplifiers and feedback circuits for their operation) development of the ambient-temperature passive magnetic bearing represents a technological breakthrough. Beyond its use in the E-M battery, the ambient-temperature magnetic bearing could have important applications in replacing conventional lubricated mechanical bearings in electrical machinery. Here the gains would be two-fold: reduced frictional losses, leading to higher motor efficiency, and, of equal importance, the elimination of the need for lubricants and for routine replacement of the bearings owing to mechanical wear. Thus an added benefit from a vigorous pursuit of our electromechanical battery concepts could be its impact on many other areas of industry where rotating machinery in need of improved bearings is involved. If perfected, passive magnetic bearings would seem to represent an almost ideal replacement for the mechanical bearings in many types of industrial electrical machinery. Returning to the issued of energy storage, the E-M battery itself has much to contribute in the area of improving the efficiency of stationary energy storage systems. For example, many electrical utilities utilize 'pumped hydro' energy storage systems as a means of improving the utilization of their 'base-load' power plants. That is, electrical energy is stored during off-
Post, R F
Efficient and cost-effective means for storing electrical energy is becoming an increasing need in our electricity-oriented society. For example, for electric utilities an emerging need is for distributed storage systems, that is, energy storage at substations, at solar or wind-power sites, or for load-leveling at the site of major consumers of their electricity. One of the important consequences of distributed storage for the utilities would be the reduction in transmission losses that would result from having a local source of load-leveling power. For applications such as these there are three criteria that must be satisfied by any new system that is developed to meet such needs. These criteria are: (1) high 'turn-around' efficiency, that is, high efficiency of both storing and recovering the stored energy in electrical form, (2) long service life (tens of years), with low maintenance requirements, and, (3) acceptably low capital cost. An additional requirement for these particular applications is that the system should have low enough standby losses to permit operation on a diurnal cycle, that is, storing the energy during a portion of a given day (say during sunlight hours) followed several hours later by its use during night-time hours. One answer to the spectrum of energy storage needs just outlined is the 'electromechanical battery'. The E-M battery, under development for several years at the Laboratory and elsewhere in the world, has the potential to solve the above energy storage problems in a manner superior to the electro-chemical battery in the important attributes of energy recovery efficiency, cycle lifetime, and amortized capital cost. An electromechanical battery is an energy storage module consisting of a high-speed rotor, fabricated from fiber composite, and having an integrally mounted generator/motor. The rotor operates at high speed, in vacuo, inside of a hermetically sealed enclosure, supported by a 'magnetic bearing', that is, a bearing that uses magnetic forces to support the rotor against gravity. Magnetic bearings are a virtual necessity for the E-M battery in order to achieve long service life, and to minimize frictional losses so that the battery does not lose its charge (run down) too rapidly. These considerations mitigate against the use of conventional mechanical bearings in the E-M battery for most applications. The Laboratory has pioneered the development of a new form of magnetic bearing to meet the special requirements of the E-M battery: the 'ambient-temperature passive magnetic bearing'. Simpler, and potentially much less expensive than the existing 'active' magnetic bearings (ones requiring electronic amplifiers and feedback circuits for their operation) development of the ambient-temperature passive magnetic bearing represents a technological breakthrough. Beyond its use in the E-M battery, the ambient-temperature magnetic bearing could have important applications in replacing conventional lubricated mechanical bearings in electrical machinery. Here the gains would be two-fold: reduced frictional losses, leading to higher motor efficiency, and, of equal importance, the elimination of the need for lubricants and for routine replacement of the bearings owing to mechanical wear. Thus an added benefit from a vigorous pursuit of our electromechanical battery concepts could be its impact on many other areas of industry where rotating machinery in need of improved bearings is involved. If perfected, passive magnetic bearings would seem to represent an almost ideal replacement for the mechanical bearings in many types of industrial electrical machinery. Returning to the issued of energy storage, the E-M battery itself has much to contribute in the area of improving the efficiency of stationary energy storage systems. For example, many electrical utilities utilize 'pumped hydro' energy storage systems as a means of improving the utilization of their 'base-load' power plants. That is, electrical energy is stored during off-peak hours for delivery at times of peak usage. These pumped hydro sys
Effects of nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on synchronous stability of the electric power system
The effects of a nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the synchronous stability of the electric power transmission and distribution systems are evaluated. The various modes of coupling of EMP to the power system are briefly discussed, with particular emphasis on those perturbations affecting the synchronous stability of the transmission system. A brief review of the fundamental concepts of the stability problem is given, with a discussion of the general characteristics of transient analysis. A model is developed to represent single sets as well as repetitive sets of multiple faults on the distribution systems, as might be produced by EMP. The results of many numerical stability calculations are presented to illustrate the transmission system's response from different types of perturbations. The important parameters of both multiple and repetitive faults are studied, including the dependence of the response on the size of the perturbed area, the fault density, and the effective impedance between the fault location and the transmission system. Both major load reduction and the effect of the opening of tie lines at the time of perturbation are also studied. We conclude that there is a high probability that EMP can induce perturbations on the distribution networks causing a large portion of the transmission network in the perturbed area to lose synchronism. The result would be an immediate and massive power failure. (auth)
Manweiler, R.W.
Effects of battery technologies, driving patterns, and climate comfort control on the performance of electric vehicles
A computer software package, EAGLES, has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to analyze electric vehicle (EV) performance. In this paper, we present EAGLES predictions of EV driving range, acceleration rate, and energy consumption under various driving patterns, with different battery technologies, and with assumptions concerning use of air conditioners and/or heaters for climate comfort control. The specifications of a baseline, four-passenger EV for given design performance requirements are established, assuming urban driving conditions represented by the Los Angeles 92 (LA-92) driving cycle and using battery characteristics similar to those of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) midterm battery performance goals. To examine the impacts of driving patterns, energy consumption is simulated under three different driving cycles: the New York City Cycle, the Los Angeles 92 Cycle, and the ECE-15 Cycle. To test the impacts of battery technologies, performance attributes of an advanced lead-acid battery, the USABC midterm battery goals, and the USABC long-term battery goals are used. Finally, EV energy consumption from use of air conditioners and/or heaters under different climates is estimated and the associated driving range penalty for one European city (Paris) and two United States cities (Chicago and Los Angeles) is predicted. The results of this paper show the importance of considering various effects, such as battery technology, driving pattern, and climate comfort control, in the determination of EV performances. Electric vehicle energy consumption decreases more than 20% when a battery with characteristics similar to the USABC long-term goals is used instead of an advanced lead-acid battery.
Marr, W.W.; Wang, M.Q.; Santini, D.J.
Cost-effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery capacity and charging infrastructure investment for reducing US gasoline consumption
Cost-effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery capacity and charging infrastructure online 22 October 2012 Keywords: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Charging infrastructure Battery size a b for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as alternate methods to reduce gasoline consumption for cars, trucks
McGaughey, Alan
Short run effects of a price on carbon dioxide emissions from U.S. electric generators
The price of delivered electricity will rise if generators have to pay for carbon dioxide emissions through an implicit or explicit mechanism. There are two main effects that a substantial price on CO{sub 2} emissions would have in the short run (before the generation fleet changes significantly). First, consumers would react to increased price by buying less, described by their price elasticity of demand. Second, a price on CO{sub 2} emissions would change the order in which existing generators are economically dispatched, depending on their carbon dioxide emissions and marginal fuel prices. Both the price increase and dispatch changes depend on the mix of generation technologies and fuels in the region available for dispatch, although the consumer response to higher prices is the dominant effect. We estimate that the instantaneous imposition of a price of $35 per metric ton on CO{sub 2} emissions would lead to a 10% reduction in CO{sub 2} emissions in PJM and MISO at a price elasticity of -0.1. Reductions in ERCOT would be about one-third as large. Thus, a price on CO{sub 2} emissions that has been shown in earlier work to stimulate investment in new generation technology also provides significant CO{sub 2} reductions before new technology is deployed at large scale. 39 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Adam Newcomer; Seth A. Blumsack; Jay Apt; Lester B. Lave; M. Granger Morgan [Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center
Hartford, Ohio: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
9367°, -82.687665° 9367°, -82.687665° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":40.239367,"lon":-82.687665,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Hartford, Connecticut: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
37111°, -72.6850932° 37111°, -72.6850932° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.7637111,"lon":-72.6850932,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Hartford, Vermont: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
61°, -72.3384249° 61°, -72.3384249° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.6606261,"lon":-72.3384249,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
DOE handbook electrical safety
Electrical Safety Handbook presents the Department of Energy (DOE) safety standards for DOE field offices or facilities involved in the use of electrical energy. It has been prepared to provide a uniform set of electrical safety guidance and information for DOE installations to effect a reduction or elimination of risks associated with the use of electrical energy. The objectives of this handbook are to enhance electrical safety awareness and mitigate electrical hazards to employees, the public, and the environment.
Effect of Electricity Mix and Ore Grade on the Carbon Footprint of ...
In Chile, 99.7% of electricity is generated by two interconnected grids, namely, the Northern (SING) and Southern (SIC) systems, featuring different technology�...
Optimal Co-Design of Microgrids and Electric Vehicles: Synergies, Simplifications and the Effects of Uncertainty.
??The burgeoning electrification of automobiles is causing convergence of the transportation and electrical power systems. This is visible in localized micropower systems, or microgrids, that� (more)
Whitefoot, John W.
used for cooling with absorption chillers, which use heat toheat exchangers and absorption chillers, heat recovered fromheat exchanger, and absorption chiller: for electricity and
Analyzing the Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns on the Value of Wind-Generated Electricity at Different Sites in California and the Northwest
Energy Facilities. � American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)Analyzing the Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns onthe Value of Wind-Generated Electricity References TrueWind
Fripp, Matthias; Wiser, Ryan
The Effect of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Lithium- Ion Batteries and Electric Double Layer on the overall performance of Li-ion batteries and EDLCs. SWNTs were incorporated into the anode of the Lithium-ion is used because of its high surface area. Lithium-ion Batteries ·Higher energy density than other
Speculative Trading and Market Performance: The Effect of Arbitrageurs on Efficiency and Market Power in the New York Electricity Market
While the effect speculators have on forward premiums (the difference between forward and expected spot prices) has been widely studied, there has been very little focus on the effect speculators have on competition in the product market. I study the effect speculators have had on production decisions and price levels in New York�s deregulated electricity market. For the first two years of its operation, the market, which opened in November 1999, restricted trade to producers and retailers of electricity. During this period, the forward price of electricity in western New York was significantly higher than the expected spot price. I show that, after the market opened to purely speculative traders, the forward premium significantly decreased. In addition, the forward price of transmission (the price difference between two geographically distinct points) ceased to differ significantly from the expected spot price of transmission. I present a theoretical model to help understand these price relationships and other possible effects of speculators on market prices and firms� production decisions. Absent speculators, the model predicts that firms with market power will price discriminate between the forward and spot markets for electricity, resulting
Celeste Saravia
Effects of vaporizer and evaporative-condenser size on geofluid effectiveness and cost of electricity for geothermal binary power plants
A special study was conducted to investigate the influences of minimum approach temperature differences occurring in supercritical-heater/vaporizer and evaporative-condenser heat rejection systems on geothermal-electric binary power plant performance and cost of electricity. For the systems investigated optimum pinch points for minimizing cost of electricity were estimated to range from 5 to 7/sup 0/F for the heater vaporizer. The minimum approach of condensing temperature to wet-bulb temperature for evaporative condensers was estimated to be about 30/sup 0/F in order to achieve the lowest cost of electricity.
of New York State electricity and natural gas rates. DER_CAMElectricity Tariff Structure on Distributed Generation Adoption in New York State 184.108.40.206 RateElectricity Tariff Structure on Distributed Generation Adoption in New York State Standby rate
Using coalitions of wind generators and electric vehicles for effective energy market participation
Wind power is becoming a significant source of electricity in many countries. However, the inherent uncertainty of wind generators does not allow them to participate in the forward electricity markets. In this paper, we foster a tighter integration of ... Keywords: coalition formation, energy and emissions, organisations
Matteo Vasirani; Sascha Ossowski; Ramachandra Kota; Renato L. G. Cavalcante; Nicholas R. Jennings
Market power and welfare effects in DC power flow electricity models with thermal line losses
A nodal electric power network with Cournot-Nash interaction among power generators is formulated as a mixed complementarity problem. The model incorporates a direct current (DC) power flow approximation with thermal line losses to model real-time flows. ... Keywords: Electricity markets, Imperfect competition, Thermal line losses, Welfare measurement
Rastislav Ivanic; Paul V. Preckel; Zuwei Yu
Study of noise effects in electrical impedance tomography with resistor networks
We present a study of the numerical solution of the two dimensional electrical impedance tomography problem, with noisy measurements of the Dirichlet to Neumann map. The inversion uses parametrizations of the conductivity on optimal grids. The grids are optimal in the sense that finite volume discretizations on them give spectrally accurate approximations of the Dirichlet to Neumann map. The approximations are Dirichlet to Neumann maps of special resistor networks, that are uniquely recoverable from the measurements. Inversion on optimal grids has been proposed and analyzed recently, but the study of noise effects on the inversion has not been carried out. In this paper we present a numerical study of both the linearized and the nonlinear inverse problem. We take three different parametrizations of the unknown conductivity, with the same number of degrees of freedom. We obtain that the parametrization induced by the inversion on optimal grids is the most efficient of the three, because it gives the smallest standard deviation of the maximum a posteriori estimates of the conductivity, uniformly in the domain. For the nonlinear problem we compute the mean and variance of the maximum a posteriori estimates of the conductivity, on optimal grids. For small noise, we obtain that the estimates are unbiased and their variance is very close to the optimal one, given by the Cramer-Rao bound. For larger noise we use regularization and quantify the trade-off between reducing the variance and introducing bias in the solution. Both the full and partial measurement setups are considered.
Liliana Borcea; Fernando Guevara Vasquez; Alexander V. Mamonov
The marginal effects of the price for carbon dioxide: quantifying the effects on the market for electric generation in Florida
Greater emphasis on public policy aimed at internalizing the societal cost of carbon dioxide emissions leads to more questions about the economic impacts of that policy. In cooperation with the State of Florida's Department of Environmental Protection, the authors have constructed a model to simulate the dispatch of electric generating units to serve electric load in the state - and obtained some counterintuitive results. (author)
Kury, Theodore J.; Harrington, Julie
Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns on the Value of Wind-Generated Electricity in California and the Northwest
value of re- newable electricity; and customer surveys ofCalifornia or Northwestern electricity demand. This may bebetween wind speed and electricity demand," Solar Energy,
Wiser, Ryan H
Observed Temperature Effects on Hourly Residential Electric Load Reduction in Response to an Experimental Critical Peak Pricing Tariff
changes to retail electricity rates on an hourly or dailyweekdays 2004 [6] Most electricity rates in use today arerates with control technologies use 30- 40% less electricity
Herter, Karen B.; McAuliffe, Patrick K.; Rosenfeld, Arthur H.
This means that all electricity trades must be scheduledspeculators to trade in an electricity market, regulatorsrestricted trade to producers and retailers of electricity.
Saravia, Celeste
Combining stated and revealed choice research to simulate the neighbor effect: The case of hybrid-electric vehicles
s early market for hybrid electric vehicles. TransportationThe case of hybrid-electric vehicles Jonn Axsen a, *, Deanpreferences Hybrid-electric vehicles Discrete choice model
Axsen, Jonn; Mountain, Dean C.; Jaccard, Mark
electricity and natural gas supply costs, and DG technologyelectricity and natural gas supply costs, and DG technologynatural gas service, contains fixed ($) monthly and volumetric ($/cubic foot) delivery and supply
Co. San Francisco Gas Co. Edison Light anJ Power Co. Uli!16, 1979. PRC, 25309. Edison Electric Institute, Economicof customers PG&E Consolidated Edison of New York, Inc.
natural gas and electricity delivery rates. http://www.newyorkbiz.com/Business_Incentives/incentives for DG users including reductions in natural gasalso include incentives for DG. Natural gas delivery rates
Effect of automotive electrical system changes on fuel consumption using incremental efficiency methodology
There has been a continuous increase in automotive electric power usage. Future projections show no sign of it decreasing. Therefore, the automotive industry has a need to either improve the current 12 Volt automotive ...
Hardin, Christopher William
1-2: California Transmission Line System Map 1-3: Growth ofof transmission lines in California is illustrated in Map 1-Transmission Lines in Area Served by Pacific Gas and Electric Company o o o o Map
Modelling the Effects of Nuclear Fuel Reservoir Operation in a Competitive Electricity Market
In many countries, the electricity systems are quitting the vertically integrated monopoly organization for an operation framed by competitive markets. In such a competitive regime one can ask what the optimal management ...
Lykidi, Maria
GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 60, NO. 4 (JULY-AUGUST 1995); P. 998-1006, 6 FIGS., 2 TABLES. The effect of steam quality on the electrical behavior
GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 60, NO. 4 (JULY-AUGUST 1995); P. 998-1006, 6 FIGS., 2 TABLES. The effect of steam quality on the electrical behavior of steam-flooded sands: A laboratory study David B. Butler* and Rosemary J. Knight* ABSTRACT Laboratory measurements of the effects of steam injection on the electrical
Knight, Rosemary
The Economic Effects of Electricity Deregulation: An Empricial Analysis of Indian States
; adjusted for inflation at constant (1993-94) prices Rupees per unit PLF Plant Load Factor of grid-connected thermal power stations in a state Percentage TDL Transmission & distribution losses in a state Percentage GRGEN Gross Generation... of thermal power plants in a state Million Kilowatt Hours INPRICE Average industrial price of electricity in a state; adjusted for inflation at constant (1993-94) prices Rupees per unit PRICE Average price of electricity in a state; adjusted...
Sen, A; Jamasb, Tooraj
Cost-effective applications of photovoltaics for electric utilities: An overview
Cost targets for the large-scale entry of photovoltaic (PV) systems keep moving, subject to the vagaries of global oil prices and the economic health of the world. Over the last four decades since a practical PV device was announced, costs have come down by a factor of 20 or more and this downward trend is expected to continue, albeit at a slower pace. Simultaneously, conversion efficiencies have nearly tripled. There are many applications today for which PV is cost-effective. In recognition of this, utility interest in PV is increasing and this is manifested by projects such as PVUSA and Central and South West`s renewable resource development effort. While no major technical barriers for the entry of PV systems have been uncovered, several key issues such as power quality, system reliability, ramp rates, spinning reserve requirements, and misoperation of protection schemes will have to be dealt with as the penetration of this technology increases. PV is still in the evolutionary phase and is expected to grow for several decades to come. Fueled by environmental considerations, interest in PV is showing a healthy rise both in the minds of the public and in the planning realms of the electric power community. In recognition of this, the Energy Development Subcommittee of the IEEE Energy Development and Power Generation Committee organized a Panel Session on photovoltaics applications at the 1993 International Joint Power Generation Conference held in Kansas City, Missouri. Summaries of the four presentations are assembled here for the benefit of the readers of this Review.
Bigger, J.E. [Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Investigation of the internal electric field in cadmium zinc telluride detectors using the Pockels effect and the analysis of charge transients
The Pockels electro-optic effect can be used to investigate the internal electric field in cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) single crystals that are used to fabricate room temperature x and gamma radiation detectors. An agreement is found between the electric field mapping obtained from Pockels effect images and the measurements of charge transients generated by alpha particles. The Pockels effect images of a CZT detector along two mutually perpendicular directions are used to optimize the detector response in a dual anode configuration, a device in which the symmetry of the internal electric field with respect to the anode strips is of critical importance. The Pockels effect is also used to map the electric field in a CZT detector with dual anodes and an attempt is made to find a correlation with the simulated electric potential in such detectors. Finally, the stress-induced birefringence effects seen in the Pockels images are presented and discussed.
Groza, Michael; Cui Yunlong; Buliga, Vladimir; Guo, Mingsheng; Coca, Constantine; Burger, Arnold [Department of Physics, Fisk University, 1000 17th Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37208 (United States); Krawczynski, Henric; Garson, Alfred III; Martin, Jerrad W.; Lee, Kuen; Li Qiang; Beilicke, Matthias [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., CB 1105, St. Louis, Missouri 61130 (United States)
CCPPolicyBriefing Electricity
LBNL-57942 ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY The Effects of Electricity Tariff of Electricity Tariff Structure on Distributed Generation Adoption in New York State Prepared for the Distributed of Electricity Tariff Structure on Distributed Generation Adoption in New York State #12;The Effects
Feigon, Brooke
The effect of photo-electric absorption on space-charge limited flow in pulsars
Photo-electric absorption of blackbody photons is an important process which limits the acceleration of ions under the space-charge limited flow boundary condition at the polar caps of pulsars with positive corotational charge density. Photo-electric cross-sections in high magnetic fields have been found for the geometrical conditions of the problem, and ion transition rates calculated as functions of the surface temperatures on both the polar cap and the general neutron-star surface. The general surface temperature is the more important and, unless it is below 10^5 K, limits the acceleration electric field in the open magnetosphere to values far below those needed either for electron-positron pair creation or slot-gap X-ray sources. But such ion beams are unstable against growth of a quasi-longitudinal Langmuir mode at rates that can be observationally significant as a source of coherent radio emission.
Jones, P B
Information Effects in Valuation of Electricity and Water Service Attributes Using Contingent Valuation
on costs and bene?ts of fuel options for electricity gener- 1CCS is a process through which emitted CO2 can be captured and stored in under- ground sites including depleted oil and gas ?elds. 3 ation and investments to improve energy security has an impact... of lakes or endangered species, while exploration of information for other types of non-market goods such as utility attributes has been neglected. Understanding how information can a�ect consumers is particularly per- tinent to the electricity sector...
Akcura, Elcin
Incorporation of the effect of the composite electric fields of molecular ions as a simulation tool for biological damage due to heavy-ion irradiation
This paper presents a theoretical study of the DNA damage due to the effect of the composite electric fields of H{sub 2}O{sup +} ions produced from the irradiation of a heavy ion onto a cell. A model for atomic and molecular processes in strong electric fields is developed. It is found that the composite electric fields increase the number of events of electron-impact ionization processes. This may promote DNA damage.
Moribayashi, Kengo [Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa-City, Kyoto 619-0215 (Japan) and Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394 (Japan)
Electric Transportation Applications All Rights Reserved ETA...
4 Revision 3 Effective March 1, 1997 Electric Vehicle Constant Speed Range Tests Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
5 Revision 2 Effective March 1, 1997 "Electric Vehicle Rough Road Course Test" Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
Computer simulation of ventricular fibrillation and of defibrillating electric shocks. Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs
We present computer simulations of the propagation of the depolarizing wave through the ventricular wall based on the Huygens' construction method. We simulate different self-sustained conduction troubles related to fibrillation. We calculate the critical ... Keywords: Computer simulations of ventricular fibrillation, antiarrhythmic drugs, electric defibrillating shocks
Pierre Auger; Alain Bardou; Alain Coulombe; Marie-Claude Govaere; Luc Rochette; Jean-Pierre Schreiber; Dominique Von Euw; Michel Chesnais
Effect of an electric field on a floating lipid bilayer: a neutron reflectivity study
We present here a neutron reflectivity study of the influence of an alternative electric field on a supported phospholipid double bilayer. We report for the first time a reproducible increase of the fluctuation amplitude leading to the complete unbinding of the floating bilayer. Results are in good agreement with a semi-quantitative interpretation in terms of negative electrostatic surface tension.
Sigol�ne Lecuyer; Giovanna Fragneto; Thierry Charitat
Electricity Load and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Effects of a Carbon Price in the Short Term
acceptable levels will require a dramatic de-carbonization of the electric generation sector in the U.S. One increasingly discussed way to meet this policy goal is to put an explicit price on carbon emissions, either through a tax or a trading scheme. ...
Adam Newcomer; Seth Blumsack; Jay Apt; Lester B. Lave; M. Granger Morgan
Specific alterations in spontaneous and evoked brain electrical activity were demonstrated in cats receiving 400 or 200 r of WBR or 400 r localized to the head or body. Results obtained in unrestrained cats with electrodes in the cortex and subcortex are reported. (C.H.)
Gangloff, H.; Haley, T.J.
Effects of regional insolation differences upon advanced solar thermal electric power plant performance and energy costs
This study determines the performance and cost of four 10 MWe advanced solar thermal electric power plants sited in various regions of the continental United States. The solar plants are conceptualized to begin commercial operation in the year 2000. It is assumed that major subsystem performance will have improved substantially as compared to that of pilot plants currently operating or under construction. The net average annual system efficiency is therefore roughly twice that of current solar thermal electric power plant designs. Similarly, capital costs reflecting goals based on high-volume mass production that are considered to be appropriate for the year 2000 have been used. These costs, which are approximately an order of magnitude below the costs of current experimental projects, are believed to be achievable as a result of the anticipated sizeable solar penetration into the energy market in the 1990 to 2000 timeframe. The paraboloidal dish, central receiver, cylindrical parabolic trough, and compound parabolic concentrators comprise the advanced collector concepts studied. All concepts exhibit their best performance when sited in regional areas such as the sunbelt where the annual insolation is high. The regional variation in solar plant performance has been assessed in relation to the expected rise in the future cost of residential and commercial electricity in the same regions. A discussion of the regional insolation data base, a description of the solar systems performance and costs, and a presentation of a range for the forecast cost of conventional electricity by region and nationally over the next several decades are given.
Latta, A.F.; Bowyer, J.M.; Fujita, T.; Richter, P.H.
Effect of real-time electricity pricing on renewable generators and system emissions
Real-time retail pricing (RTP) of electricity, in which the retail price is allowed to vary with very little time delay in response to changes in the marginal cost of generation, offers expected short-run and long-run ...
Connolly, Jeremiah P. (Jeremiah Peter)
Effect of Inhibitors on the Electric Resistance of Alloy 600 Surface Films
Inhibitors to intergranular attack and intergranular stress corrosion cracking--titanium oxide, titanium diboride, and cerium acetate--promote formation of a protective surface film. Based on the present data and on the electrical properties of the surface films formed, titanium diboride should qualify as the best inhibitor of the three investigated.
The Effect on Electricity Consumption of the Commonwealth Edison Customer Application Program Pilot: Phase 1, Appendices
This report provides appendices that support Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) report 1022703, which describes the Phase 1 analysis of some aspects of residential customers' response to Commonwealth Edison's Customer Application Plan (CAP). This report contains technical materials that describe in detail all of the methods employed in conducting the Phase 1 analysis and presents the results of the application of those methods.
Electricity 2011
Electricity > Soliciting comments on EIA-111 Electricity > Soliciting comments on EIA-111 EIA announces the proposal of Form EIA-111, Quarterly Electricity Imports and Exports Report Released: August 15, 2011 Background On August 11, 2011, a Federal Register Notice was published soliciting comments for the new EIA-111 survey form. The EIA-111, Quarterly Electricity Imports and Exports Report will replace the OE-781R, Monthly Electricity Imports and Exports Report. The OE-781R has been suspended and will be terminated upon the approval of the EIA-111. The OE-781R administered from July 2010 through May 2011, proved complex and confusing for the repondents. As a result, the EIA-111 was developed to more effectively and efficiently collect more accurate and meaningful data. The Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) of 1995 requires that each Federal agency obtains approval from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) before undertaking to collect information from ten or more persons, or continuing a collection for which the OMB approval and the OMB control number are about to expire. The approval process, which is popularly known as the "OMB clearance process," is extensive. It requires two Federal Register notices and a detailed application ("supporting statement") to OMB. The first Federal Register Notice was published on August 11, 2011. EIA is prepared to address the comments submitted by each individual.
Electric Vehicles
Electricity can be used as a transportation fuel to power battery electric vehicles (EVs). EVs store electricity in an energy storage device, such as a battery.
Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields from Submerged Electrical Cables on Aquatic Life
There is considerable interest in the development of marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) energy projects in the rivers, estuaries, and coastal ocean waters of the United States. MHK technologies convert the energy of waves or the moving water in river or tidal currents into electricity, without the impacts of dams and impoundments associated with conventional hydropower or the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels. However, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) will be created by the generators, transformers, rect...
Electric fields effect on liftoff and blowoff of nonpremixed laminar jet flames in a coflow
The stabilization characteristics of liftoff and blowoff in nonpremixed laminar jet flames in a coflow have been investigated experimentally for propane fuel by applying AC and DC electric fields to the fuel nozzle with a single-electrode configuration. The liftoff and blowoff velocities have been measured by varying the applied voltage and frequency of AC and the voltage and the polarity of DC. The result showed that the AC electric fields extended the stabilization regime of nozzle-attached flame in terms of jet velocity. As the applied AC voltage increased, the nozzle-attached flame was maintained even over the blowout velocity without having electric fields. In such a case, a blowoff occurred directly without experiencing a lifted flame. While for the DC cases, the influence on liftoff was minimal. There existed three different regimes depending on the applied AC voltage. In the low voltage regime, the nozzle-detachment velocity of either liftoff or blowoff increased linearly with the applied voltage, while nonlinearly with the AC frequency. In the intermediate voltage regime, the detachment velocity decreased with the applied voltage and reasonably independent of the AC frequency. At the high voltage regime, the detachment was significantly influenced by the generation of discharges. (author)
Kim, M.K.; Ryu, S.K.; Won, S.H. [School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742 (Korea); Chung, S.H. [Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal (Saudi Arabia)
A Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Effect of an External, Vertical Electric Field on the Shape of Electrically Uncharged Rain Drops
Results are presented of a recent wind tunnel experiment in which electrically unchanged water drops of 1000�3000 ?m equivalent radius were freely suspended in the vertical air stream of the UCLA Cloud Tunnel. During their suspension, the drops ...
R. Rasmussen; C. Walcek; H.R. Pruppacher; S.K. Mitra; J. Lew; V. Levizzani; P.K. Wang; U. Barth
Effect of Temperature on Lithium-Iron Phosphate Battery Performance and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Range.
??Increasing pressure from environmental, political and economic sources are driving the development of an electric vehicle powertrain. The advent of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in� (more)
Lo, Joshua
CO{sub 2} allowance allocation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and the effect on electricity investors
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is an effort by nine Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states to develop a regional, mandatory, market-based cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electricity sector. The initiative is expected to lead to an increase in the price of electricity in the RGGI region and beyond. The implications of these changes for the value of electricity-generating assets and the market value of the firms that own them depends on the initial allocation of carbon dioxide allowances, the composition of generating assets owned by the firm, and the locations of those assets. Changes in asset values inside the RGGI region may be positive or negative, whereas changes outside of the RGGI region are almost always positive but nonetheless vary greatly. Viewing changes at the firm level aggregates and moderates both positive and negative effects on market value compared with what would be observed by looking at changes at individual facilities. Nonetheless, a particular firm's portfolio of assets is unlikely to reflect the overall composition of assets in the industry as a whole, and some firms are likely to do substantially better or worse than the industry average. 16 refs., 4 figs.
Dallas Burtraw; Danny Kahn; Karen Palmerook
Electrically charged pulsars
n the present work we investigate one possible variation on the usual electrically neutral pulsars: the inclusion of electric charge. We study the effect of electric charge in pulsars assuming that the charge distribution is proportional to the energy density. All calculations were performed for zero temperature and fixed entropy equations of state.
M. D. Alloy; D. P. Menezes
Alloy, M D
Effects of image charges, interfacial charge discreteness, and surface roughness on the zeta potential of spherical electric double layers
We investigate the effects of image charges, interfacial charge discreteness, and surface roughness on spherical electric double layers in electrolyte solutions with divalent counter-ions in the setting of the primitive model. By using Monte Carlo simulations and the image charge method, the zeta potential profile and the integrated charge distribution function are computed for varying surface charge strengths and salt concentrations. Systematic comparisons were carried out between three distinct models for interfacial charges: 1) SURF1 with uniform surface charges, 2) SURF2 with discrete point charges on the interface, and 3) SURF3 with discrete interfacial charges and finite excluded volume. By comparing the integrated charge distribution function (ICDF) and potential profile, we argue that the potential at the distance of one ion diameter from the macroion surface is a suitable location to define the zeta potential. In SURF2 model, we find that image charge effects strongly enhance charge inversion for monovalent interfacial charges, and strongly suppress charge inversion for multivalent interfacial charges. For SURF3, the image charge effect becomes much smaller. Finally, with image charges in action, we find that excluded volumes (in SURF3) suppress charge inversion for monovalent interfacial charges and enhance charge inversion for multivalent interfacial charges. Overall, our results demonstrate that all these aspects, i.e., image charges, interfacial charge discreteness, their excluding volumes have significant impacts on the zeta potential, and thus the structure of electric double layers.
Zecheng Gan; Xiangjun Xing; Zhenli Xu
Economic Analysis of the Environmental Effects of the Coal-Fired Electric Generator at Boardman, Oregon. Final Report.
This study is one of several commissioned by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to estimate the economic value of the environmental costs and benefits of different electricity-generating resources. In it we described and quantify the environmental costs and benefits of coal-fired generators, using the plant in Boardman, Oregon, as the basis for our estimations. The Boardman plant uses pulverized coal to produce steam for generating electricity. It is nominally rated at 550 megawatts. This study assumes a 70% load factor and an annual production of 3373 x 10/sup 6/ kWh. Cooling water comes from a 1400-acre cooling pond; coal comes from Wyoming in 100-car unit-trains every two days. The estimated service life of the plant is 40 years. We developed a socioeconomic-environmental model to assess the final physical impacts of each of the initial impacts resulting from the fuel cycle. The analysis of environmental effects comprises four steps: (1) identify all the potential environmental impacts stemming from the entire fuel cycle associated with the plant; (2) determine which effects warrant detailed economic analysis; (3) complete the economic analysis for the effects selected in step 2; and (4) estimate the extent to which the results of the case study apply to other potential plants using the coal-fuel cycle. 102 references, 5 figures, 10 tables.
Mn Doping Effect on Electrical Properties of Lead-Free K0.5Na0 ...
... Ferroelectrics with Giant Electrocaloric Effect for Dielectric Refrigeration ... Processes during Sintering: Establishing a Tool Kit for Materials Design in PZT.
Definition: Electricity | Open Energy Information
Electricity Electricity Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Electricity Energy resulting from the flow of charge particles[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and the flow of electrical current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves. In electricity, charges produce electromagnetic fields which act on other charges. Electricity occurs due to several types of physics: electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is
Effect of Nickel Substitution on Defect Chemistry, Electrical Properties, and Dimensional Stability of Calcium-Doped Yttrium Chromite
The effect of nickel substitution on defect chemistry, electrical properties, and dimensional stability of calcium-doped yttrium chromite was studied for use as an interconnect material in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The compositions of Y0.8Ca0.2Cr1-xNixO3�? (x=0-0.15), prepared using the glycine nitrate process, showed single phase orthorhombic perovskite structures over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures (10^-17 atm ? pO2 ? 0.21 atm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that most of the nickel ions replacing chromium ions are divalent and act as acceptor dopants, leading to a substantial increase in conductivity. In particular, the conductivity at 900 degree C in air increased from 10 S/cm to 34 S/cm with 15% nickel substitution, and an increase in charge carrier density was confirmed by Seebeck measurements. A point defect model was derived, and the relationship between electrical conductivity and oxygen partial pressure was successfully fitted into the proposed model. The defect modeling results indicated that nickel substitution improves the stability of calcium-doped yttrium chromite toward reduction and suppresses the oxygen vacancy formation, which results in significantly increased electrical conductivity in reducing environment. The electrical conductivity of Y0.8Ca0.2Cr0.85Ni0.15O3�? at 900 degree C in reducing atmosphere (pO2=10^-17 atm) was 5.8 S/cm, which was more than an order of magnitude higher than that of Y0.8Ca0.2CrO3�? (0.2 S/cm). Improved stability in reducing atmosphere was further confirmed by dilatometry measurements showing reduced isothermal "chemical" expansion, and the isothermal expansion in reducing atmosphere (pO2=10^-17 atm) at 900 degree C decreased from 0.07% for Y0.8Ca0.2CrO3�? to 0.03% for Y0.8Ca0.2Cr0.85Ni0.15O3�?. Based on these results, enhanced electrical performance and mechanical integrity is expected with nickel substitution on calcium-doped yttrium chromite in SOFC operating conditions.
Yoon, Kyung J.; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Marina, Olga A.
Effects of the roughness characteristics on the wire tool surface for the electrical discharge machining properties
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has been investigated to obtain the better discharge machining properties of the removal rate and the surface roughness in a few decades. Recently, it revealed that the rough tool electrodes can improve the WEDM properties for some sort of materials. In this study, the rough wire electrodes using a wet blasting method was developed and evaluated the machining performance for the insulated Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} in the WEDM processes. As the results, it could not recognize the advantage of roughness wire electrode under the high-energy condition, but it found that the electro-conductive layer thickness became thinner in comparison with those of normal wires. On the contrary, it could be obtained the better surface roughness in the low energy condition. It was supposed that the roughed wire surface generates the homogeneous dispersion discharges on the workpiece.
Fukuzawa, Yasushi; Yamashita, Masahide; Mamuro, Hiroaki; Yamashita, Ken [Nagaoka University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1603-1 Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188 (Japan); Ogata, Masayoshi [Macoho Co., Ltd. 525 Kanawa, Isurugi-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2032 JAPAN (Japan)
The effects of Title IV of the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 on electric utilities: An update
This report presents data and analyses related to Phase I implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendment by electric utilities. It describes the strategies used to comply with the Acid Rain Program in 1995, the effect of compliance on sulfur dioxide emissions levels, the cost of compliance, and the effects of the program on coal supply and demand. The first year of Phase I demonstrated that the market-based sulfur dioxide emissions control system could achieve significant reductions in emissions at lower than expected costs. Some utilities reduced aggregate emissions below legal requirements due to economic incentives; other utilities purchased additional allowances to avoid noncompliance. More than half of the utilities switched to or blended with lower sulfur coal, due to price reductions in the coal market which were partially due to the allowance trading program. 21 figs., 20 tabs.
The Effect on Electricity Consumption of the Commonwealth Edison Customer Applications Program: Phase 2 Final Analysis
This report describes the final Phase 2 analysis of the effects on residential customers' energy consumption patterns of Commonwealth Edison's (ComEd's) Customer Application Program (CAP).
optimal capacity. The natural gas price sensitivity ( Figurecost-effective. As natural gas prices increase, only smallereconomical. When natural gas prices exceed 125% of current
Effects of Hydrogen Content in Sputtering Ambient on ZnO:A1 Electrical Properties
ZnO-based transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin films have received increased attention recently because of their potential to reduce production costs compared to those of the prevalent TCO indium tin oxide (ITO). Undoped ZnO and ZnO:Al (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% Al2O3) polycrystalline films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Controlled incorporation of H2 and O2 in the Ar sputtering ambient was investigated. Though optimal substrate temperature was found to be 200 C for films grown in 100% Ar, the addition of H2 permits improved electrical performance for room-temperature depositions. Temperature-dependent Hall data suggest that ionized impurity and acoustic phonon scattering dominate at high and intermediate carrier concentration levels, respectively, with evidence of temperature-activated transport at the lowest levels. Lightly doped ZnO:Al demonstrates reduced infrared absorption compared to the standard 2 wt%-doped ZnO:Al, which may be beneficial to device performance.
Duenow, J. N.; Gessert, T. A.; Wood, D. M.; Young, D. L.; Coutts, T. J.
The state of energy storage in electric utility systems and its effect on renewable energy resources
This report describes the state of the art of electric energy storage technologies and discusses how adding intermittent renewable energy technologies (IRETs) to a utility network affects the benefits from storage dispatch. Load leveling was the mode of storage dispatch examined in the study. However, the report recommended that other modes be examined in the future for kilowatt and kilowatt-hour optimization of storage. The motivation to install storage with IRET generation can arise from two considerations: reliability and enhancement of the value of energy. Because adding storage increases cost, reliability-related storage is attractive only if the accruing benefits exceed the cost of storage installation. The study revealed that the operation of storage should not be guided by the output of the IRET but rather by system marginal costs. Consequently, in planning studies to quantify benefits, storage should not be considered as an entity belonging to the system and not as a component of IRETS. The study also indicted that because the infusion of IRET energy tends to reduce system marginal cost, the benefits from load leveling (value of energy) would be reduced. However, if a system has storage, particularly if the storage is underutilized, its dispatch can be reoriented to enhance the benefits of IRET integration.
Rau, N.S.
Nanocrystalline non-stoichiometric SBT: Effect of milling duration on structural and electrical characteristics
In the present work, nanocrystalline specimens of non-stoichiometric Strontium Bismuth Tantalate (SBT) ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by mechanical activation process using a high energy planetary ball mill. The powders were milled for different milling durations (5, 10, 20 h) keeping the milling speed fixed at 300 rpm. Microstructural characterizations have been performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Nanocrystallites with average grain size in the range of 30-50 nm are observed to be formed. Grain size is observed to decrease with increasing milling duration. Detailed dielectric study as a function of temperature has been carried out. It is observed that dielectric constant increases and dielectric loss decreases with increasing milling duration. The observed characteristics have been explained in terms of increased number of grain boundaries due to the reduction of granular size. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In the present work nano crystalline non-stoichiometric SBT has been synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The technique involved is mechanical activation (high energy ball milling). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The milling duration has been optimized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sr0.8Bi2.2Ta2O9 milled for 20 hours exhibit enhanced electrical characteristics.
Sugandha, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Thin Film and Material Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi-110042 (India); Jha, A.K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Thin Film and Material Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi-110042 (India); Department of Applied Sciences, Ambedkar Institute of Technology, GGSIPU, Geeta Colony, Delhi-110092 (India)
Cost Effectiveness of Cleaning Techniques for Controlling Human-based Transport of Invasive Exotic Plants on Electric Transmission Line Rights-of-Way
This Technical Update provides a broad overview of accomplishments over the first full year of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) project to investigate the cost effectiveness of cleaning techniques to control human-based transport of invasive exotic plants on electric transmission line rights-of-way. One-half of the intended field work for the whole project (2012-2015) was completed, with attendant greenhouse and office work ongoing. EPRI expects the project to be completed in ...
Electricity Reliability
lines and bar graph Electricity Reliability The Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) conducts research, develops, and disseminates new methods, tools,...
government incentives or subsidies in the near future. Companies active in the electric automobile area There are no companies directly active in the electric automobile...
Effect of Ag thickness on electrical transport and optical properties of indium tin oxide-Ag-indium tin oxide multilayers
We report the dependence of electronic and optical properties on the Ag thickness in transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO)-Ag-ITO (IMI) multilayer films deposited on polyethylene naphthalate flexible substrate by sputtering at room temperature. The electrical properties (such as carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity) changed significantly with incorporation of Ag between the ITO layers. Comparison of sheet resistance of the IMI multilayers and the calculated sheet resistance of the Ag midlayer indicates that most of the conduction is through the Ag film. The critical thickness of Ag to form a continuous conducting layer is found to be 8 nm using electrical and optical analysis. A conduction mechanism is proposed to elucidate the mobility variation with increased Ag thickness. Carrier transport is limited by either interface scattering or grain-boundary scattering depending on the thickness of the Ag midlayer. Interface scattering is dominant for thinner (5.5-7 nm) Ag and grain-boundary scattering is dominant for thicker (8-10.5 nm) Ag midlayers. In addition, the effect of varying Ag midlayer thickness on transmittance behavior is also discussed. A figure of merit is used to compare performance of the IMI multilayer systems as a function of Ag thickness.
Indluru, A.; Alford, T. L. [School of Materials and Flexible Display Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (United States)
Effects of Sand on the Components and Performance of Electric Submersible Pumps
The increasing world demand for oil has pushed oil companies to extract it from the ocean at extreme depths. With the increase in depth comes an increase in operation costs, especially the deep-sea equipment changeover cost. To be able to push the oil to the ocean surface, Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are commonly used as artificial lift. The changeover cost of these pumps in deep-water has been estimated to sometimes be as much as forty times the cost of a new pump. One common reason for the failure of ESPs is the erosion and abrasion created by the fine sands that seep through the gravel pack mesh in the well hole. These fine sand particles are most destructive to the bearings and bushings due to their capability to enter the clearances lubricated by the pumped fluid. Over time, the sustained abrasion and erosion in the different components of the ESP will affect the performance of the pump and could lead to its damage. This work describes the design, construction and evaluation of an erosion test rig built at the facilities of the Turbomachinery Laboratory in Texas A&M University. The test rig is capable of introducing 100 mesh (6 mil) sand into the flow loop, measure its concentration and separate it at the exit with minimal water loss. The pump under study is a Baker Hughes 10.25" WJE1000. The performance of the pump is described by measuring the head, flow rate, power and efficiency. The pump is equipped with accelerometers to detect the casing vibration as well as proximity probes in five locations along the pump to detect the internal vibrations of the shaft near the bearings as well as impeller radial movement. The baseline data, to be used for comparison with the worn out pump, has been shown and recommendations for the study method and operation of the rig are given.
Carvajal Diaz, Nicolas 1985-
The role of vibrant retail electricity markets in assuring that wholesale power markets operate effectively
Barriers to competitive supplier entry such as California's wholesale-price pass-through model can provide an almost insurmountable barrier to effective retail competition. The telecommunications, airline, and software industries provide lessons--positive and negative--on how creating competitive wholesale markets is insufficient to bring the benefits of competition to smaller consumers.
Goulding, A.J.; Rufin, C.; Swinand, G.
Effect of lateral strain on gate induced control of electrical conduction in single layer graphene device
We study numerically the effect of various types of in-plane strain on the electronic transport property in the single layer graphene connected to two metallic electrodes, with the special attention to the dependences on the gate voltage, channel length, ... Keywords: Electronic transport, Graphene, Strain
Satofumi Souma; Yusuke Ohmi; Matsuto Ogawa
Relationships between consumers' attitudes and knowledge and the effect of time-of-use rate structures on electricity consumption: North Carolina
The North Carolina Time-of-Use (TOU) Rate Demonstration Project examined the effects of various TOU rate schedules on residential consumers' electrical usage, including both total usage and temporal patterns of electricity consumption. This report summarizes the findings of a series of secondary analyses of the data derived from this demonstration project. These secondary analyses focused on the effects of consumers' knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the TOU rate structure to which they were assigned on both total electricity usage and temporal patterns of consumption. These analyses were made possible by the provision of an extensive exit interview, which was administered to all participants at the completion of the one year demonstration project. In addition, data on electricity usage, the dependent variable for these analyses, was collected throughout the duration of the demonstration project. After describing the general features of the demonstration project, this report presents the findings of secondary analyses undertaken to determine participants' knowledge of the TOU rate structures to which they were assigned, their attitudes toward TOU rate structures, and the relationships between these attitude and knowledge measures and electricity consumption. Findings are presented separately for the Carolina Power and Light Company (CP and L) and the Blue Ridge Municipal Electric Company.
Electricity Markets
Electricity Markets Electricity Markets Researchers in the electricity markets area conduct technical, economic, and policy analysis of energy topics centered on the U.S. electricity sector. Current research seeks to inform public and private decision-making on public-interest issues related to energy efficiency and demand response, renewable energy, electricity resource and transmission planning, electricity reliability and distributed generation resources. Research is conducted in the following areas: Energy efficiency research focused on portfolio planning and market assessment, design and implementation of a portfolio of energy efficiency programs that achieve various policy objectives, utility sector energy efficiency business models, options for administering energy efficiency
Towards a common European Electricity Market � Paths in the right direction � still far from an effective design 1
This paper analyses the future organization of cross border trade in the European electricity market. The draft Regulation �on Conditions for Access to the Network for Cross-Border Exchanges in Electricity � issued in March 2001 by the European Commission together with related documents produced by the European association of Transmission System Operators (ETSO) and the Council of European Electricity Regulators (CEER) constitute the backbone of this analysis. The paper examines whether the economic principles contained in these documents suffice to design a working European electricity market and if not, what is missing. It concludes that these principles need to be completed by harder measures in order to induce the �real integrated single market � of electricity claimed by the Commission. In short, the principles may be necessary, but they are unlikely to be sufficient.
Jacqueline Boucher; Yves Smeers
Cost Effectiveness of Cleaning Techniques for Controlling Human-based Transport of Invasive Exotic Plants on Electric Transmission L ine Rights-of-Way
This report provides a broad overview of accomplishments over the first 3 months of a project to define the cost effectiveness of cleaning techniques on electric transmission rights of way aimed at controlling the spread of invasive exotic (IE) vegetation. It includes the results of a brief literature search of cleaning techniques.BackgroundA science basis for process and procedure to cost effectively clean personnel and equipment so as to reduce the ...
California Electric Energy Crisis - Electricity Information
Electricity Information Available Formats; Status of Electric Industry Restructuring Activity in California: html: California State Electricity Profil ...
Quantum Electrical Measurements Portal
NIST Home > Quantum Electrical Measurements Portal. Quantum Electrical Measurements Portal. Subject Areas. Electrical ...
Electric vehicles
Quiet, clean, and efficient, electric vehicles (EVs) may someday become a practical mode of transportation for the general public. Electric vehicles can provide many advantages for the nation's environment and energy supply because they run on electricity, which can be produced from many sources of energy such as coal, natural gas, uranium, and hydropower. These vehicles offer fuel versatility to the transportation sector, which depends almost solely on oil for its energy needs. Electric vehicles are any mode of transportation operated by a motor that receives electricity from a battery or fuel cell. EVs come in all shapes and sizes and may be used for different tasks. Some EVs are small and simple, such as golf carts and electric wheel chairs. Others are larger and more complex, such as automobile and vans. Some EVs, such as fork lifts, are used in industries. In this fact sheet, we will discuss mostly automobiles and vans. There are also variations on electric vehicles, such as hybrid vehicles and solar-powered vehicles. Hybrid vehicles use electricity as their primary source of energy, however, they also use a backup source of energy, such as gasoline, methanol or ethanol. Solar-powered vehicles are electric vehicles that use photovoltaic cells (cells that convert solar energy to electricity) rather than utility-supplied electricity to recharge the batteries. This paper discusses these concepts.
Central Hudson Gas & Electric (Electric) - Commercial Lighting...
You are here Home Savings Central Hudson Gas & Electric (Electric) - Commercial Lighting Rebate Program Central Hudson Gas & Electric (Electric) - Commercial Lighting Rebate...
Comparison of the Radially Produced Electric-Field Shear Effects Analyzed from End-Loss Current and Central-Cell Soft X-Ray Data
Significant effects of sheared transverse electric fields in plasmas on both turbulent fluctuations and drift waves are experimentally demonstrated with improvement in plasma confinement for the first time in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10. Here, electron-cyclotron heatings (ECH) for ion-confining potential formation are applied in association with a significant rise in the absolute value of the central-cell potential and the resulting formation of a strong shear of electric fields of the order of 10 kV/m2 in the radial direction of the plasma column (dEr/dr). The central-cell line density increases during ECH in association with decreasing fluctuations. Various fluctuation diagnostics, in particular, the frequency analyses of end-loss ion currents and central soft x-ray brightness, show the consistent features. This encourages the usefulness of potentials and radial electric-field shear for confinement improvements.
Hirata, M. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Cho, T. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Yoshida, M. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Kohagura, J. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Numakura, T. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Yokoyama, N. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Tokioka, S. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Fukai, T. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Tomii, Y. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Miyake, Y. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Shimizu, K. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Kiminami, S. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan); Kondoh, T. [Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (Japan); Miyoshi, S. [Plasma Research Centre, University of Tsukuba (Japan)
The Effect of an Enhanced Geriatrics Curriculum on Medical Students� Knowledge: A Cohort Study
Foundation geriatrics curriculum program: Reports from 40AAMC-Hartford geriatrics curriculum program: Reports from 401984. Table 1. Geriatrics Curriculum at UCLA Medical School
Wilkerson, L; Lee, M; Ferrell, B
Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid Viability: A Study of Commercial Buildings in California and New York States
ES 2. CA nursing home electricity pattern: July weekday lowJanuary and July weekday electricity and total heat (space +CA school weekday total electricity (inclusive of cooling)
Stadler, Michael
17 2.7 Electricity Price and Loadpeaking wholesale electricity prices and loads, while mostload and wholesale electricity price series for California
22 Figure 5. Historical Electricity Demand in California andof Month- Hours for Electricity Demand in California and theduring hours of peak electricity demand, and a smaller but
The effect of falling market concentration on prices, generator behaviour and productive efficiency in the England and Wales electricity market
A universal prediction of the various oligopoly models used to predict and explain behaviour in the England and Wales (E&W) electricity wholesale market is that divestiture of plants by the two large incumbent generators ...
Sweeting, Andrew
Modeling Utility-Scale Wind Power Plants Part 2: Capac- ityNakafuji, "Grid Im- pacts of Wind Power Variability: RecentParsons, and M. Milligan, "Wind Power Impacts on Electric-
Effect of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles charging/discharging management on planning of smart microgrid
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs) are recently being widely touted as a viable alternative to conventional vehicles due to their environment friendly and energy-wise features. Assuming that moving into the future
S. M. Hakimi; S. M. Moghaddas-Tafreshi
the magnetic field and its effect on moving charges. You also saw how electric currents could create magnetic the magnetic flux through a coil of wire to produce an electric current. You will investigate the current are necessary for a magnetic field to produce an electric current. · Determine the direction of a current
Minnesota, University of
LABORATORY VI ELECTRICITY FROM MAGNETISM Lab VI - 1 In the previous problems you explored by electric currents. This lab will carry that investigation one step further, determining how changing magnetic fields can give rise to electric currents. This is the effect that allows the generation
Electricity Costs
Carbon Emissions Caps and the Impact of a Radical Change in Nuclear Electricity Costs journal International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy volume year month chapter...
Design of lightweigh electric vehicles.
??The design and manufacture of lightweight electric vehicles is becoming increasingly important with the rising cost of petrol, and the effects emissions from petrol powered� (more)
de Fluiter, Travis
Electric machine
An interior permanent magnet electric machine is disclosed. The interior permanent magnet electric machine comprises a rotor comprising a plurality of radially placed magnets each having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein each magnet comprises a plurality of magnetic segments and at least one magnetic segment towards the distal end comprises a high resistivity magnetic material.
El-Refaie, Ayman Mohamed Fawzi (Niskayuna, NY); Reddy, Patel Bhageerath (Madison, WI)
202-328-5000 www.rff.orgCO2 Allowance Allocation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and the Effect on Electricity Investors
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is an effort by nine Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states to develop a regional, mandatory, market-based cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electricity sector. The initiative is expected to lead to an increase in the price of electricity in the RGGI region and beyond. The implications of these changes for the value of electricity-generating assets and the market value of the firms that own them depends on the initial allocation of carbon dioxide allowances, the composition of generating assets owned by the firm, and the locations of those assets. Changes in asset values inside the RGGI region may be positive or negative, whereas changes outside of the RGGI region are almost always positive but nonetheless vary greatly. Viewing changes at the firm level aggregates and moderates both positive and negative effects on market value compared with what would be observed by looking at changes at individual facilities. Nonetheless, a particular firm�s portfolio of assets is unlikely to reflect the overall composition of assets in the industry as a whole, and some firms are likely to do substantially better or worse than the industry average. Key Words: emissions trading, allowance allocations, electricity, air pollution, auction, grandfathering, generation-performance standard, output-based allocation, costeffectiveness,
Dallas Burtraw; Danny Kahn; Karen Palmer; Dallas Burtraw; Danny Kahn; Karen Palmer
Electrical generating plant availability
A discussion is given of actions that can improve availability, including the following: the meaning of power plant availability; The organization of the electric power industry; some general considerations of availability; the improvement of power plant availability--design factors, control of shipping and construction, maintenance, operating practices; sources of statistics on generating plant availability; effects of reducing forced outage rates; and comments by electric utilities on generating unit availability.
Effect of Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition on electrical and optical properties of lithium borate glasses
The electrical and optical property of lithium borate glasses was investigated. It is observed that conductivity decreases while density and refractive index increases with the addition of Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Radiation length of glasses was determined and it is observed that radiation length decreases with the addition of Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}.
Gedam, R. S.; Ramteke, D. D. [Department of Applied physics, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440 010 (India)
Electric moped
Two electrically powered mopeds were designed and built. These vehicles offer single-person transportation which is convenient, quiet, low-cost, smooth, and pollution-free. The first moped has a 12 volt electrical system. The second has a 24 volt electrical system. They both have top speeds of about 20 miles per hour. They both use transistorized speed controls and deep-discharge, lead-acid batteries. These mopeds were put through a 750 mile test program. In this program, the 12 volt bike had an average range of nine miles. The 24 volt bike, with a smaller battery capacity, had an average range of six miles.
Ferschl, M.S.
Plug-in Electric Vehicle Adoption Forecasts
The imminent introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into the automotive marketplace has the potential to dramatically affect electricity service providers. The vehicles will require infrastructure that facilitates recharging, and the resulting electric load could have a combination of positive and negative effects on utility systems. To characterize the effects, it is necessary to forecast the size of the PEV fleet and its electricity consumption. The electricity use must be analyzed over long ...
EIA - State Electricity Profiles
Trade and Reliability; All Reports � See all Electricity Reports State Electricity Profiles. ... Electric Power Industry Emissions Estimates, 1990 Through 2010:
2 Effective March 1, 1997 Control, Close-out and Storage of Documentation Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
6 Revision 0 Effective: November 1, 2004 Receipt Inspection Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: Date: Garrett P....
11 Revision 1 Effective March 1, 1997 Receipt Inspection Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: Date: Jude M. Clark...
NAC006 Revision 2 Effective: December 1, 2004 Receipt Inspection Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: Date: Ryan...
Effective March 1, 1997 "Control of Measuring and Test Equipment (M&TE)" Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
Effective October 15, 2001 Control of Measuring and Test Equipment (M&TE) Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
0 Effective May 1, 2004 Control, Close-out and Storage of Documentation Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
HITP11 Revision 0 Effective November 1, 2004 Vehicle Verification Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: Date:...
4 Revision 0 Effective May 1, 2004 Review of Test Results Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: Date: Roberta...
1334E-2009 1334E-2009 Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid Viability: A Study of Commercial Buildings in California and New York States Michael Stadler, Chris Marnay, Afzal Siddiqui, Judy Lai, Brian Coffey, and Hirohisa Aki Environmental Energy Technologies Division Revised March 2009 http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP/emp-pubs.html The work described in this paper was funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration Program in the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct
Analysis of Percent On-Cell Reformation of Methane in SOFC Stacks and the Effects on Thermal, Electrical, and Mechanical Performance
Numerical simulations were performed to determine the effect that varying the percent on-cell steam-methane reformation would have on the thermal, electrical, and mechanical performance of generic, planar solid oxide fuel cell stacks. The study was performed using three-dimensional model geometries for cross-, co-, and counter-flow configuration stacks of 10x10- and 20x20-cm cell sizes. The analysis predicted the stress and temperature difference would be minimized for the 10x10-cm counter- and cross-flow stacks when 40 to 50% of the reformation reaction occurred on the anode. Gross electrical power density was virtually unaffected by the reforming. The co-flow stack benefited most from the on-cell reforming and had the lowest anode stresses of the 20x20-cm stacks. The analyses also suggest that airflows associated with 15% air utilization may be required for cooling the larger (20x20-cm) stacks.
Recknagle, Kurtis P.; Koeppel, Brian J.; Sun, Xin; Khaleel, Mohammad A.; Yokuda, Satoru T.; Singh, Prabhakar
Wind power production is variable, but also has diurnal and seasonal patterns. These patterns differ between sites, potentially making electric power from some wind sites more valuable for meeting customer loads or selling in wholesale power markets. This paper investigates whether the timing of wind significantly affects the value of electricity from sites in California and the Northwestern United States. We use both measured and modeled wind data and estimate the time-varying value of wind power with both financial and load-based metrics. We find that the potential difference in wholesale market value between better-correlated and poorly correlated wind sites is modest, on the order of 5-10 percent. A load-based metric, power production during the top 10 percent of peak load hours, varies more strongly between sites, suggesting that the capacity value of different wind projects could vary by as much as 50 percent based on the timing of wind alone.
Wiser, Ryan H; Wiser, Ryan H; Fripp, Matthias
Electricity Demand of PHEVs Operated by Private Households and Commercial Fleets: Effects of Driving and Charging Behavior
Automotive and energy researchers have made considerable efforts to predict the impact of plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) charging on the electrical grid. This work has been done primarily through computer modeling and simulation. The US Department of Energy�s (DOE) Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), in partnership with the University of California at Davis�s Institute for Transportation Stuides, have been collecting data from a diverse fleet of PHEVs. The AVTA is conducted by the Idaho National Laboratory for DOE�s Vehicle Technologies Program. This work provides the opportunity to quantify the petroleum displacement potential of early PHEV models, and also observe, rather than simulate, the charging behavior of vehicle users. This paper presents actual charging behavior and the resulting electricity demand from these PHEVs operating in undirected, real-world conditions. Charging patterns are examined for both commercial-use and personal-use vehicles. Underlying reasons for charging behavior in both groups are also presented.
John Smart; Matthew Shirk; Ken Kurani; Casey Quinn; Jamie Davies
Synthesis and characterization of chloride doped polyaniline by bulk oxidative chemical polymerization.Doping effect on electrical conductivity
Conductive polymers or "organic metals" are highly engineered nanostructured materials made from organic building blocks. They are candidates as molecular wires for nanotechnology applications in molecular electronics. The conduction in these polymers is due to the presence of delocalized molecular orbitals. In this work, we present the synthesis of chloride doped polyaniline by bulk oxidative chemical polymerization using a solid aniline salt as a monomer instead of liquid aniline to diminish toxic hazards. The FTIR and UV-visible spectra confirmed the expected structure of the polymer. The electrical conductivity measured using a four-probe method was 1.7 S/cm. The dependence of impedance modulus on frequency was measured using an HP impedance analyzer in the range 10 kHz-13 MHz. The influence of doping and the preparation temperature on the electrical conductivity were also investigated.
Yomen Atassi; Mohammad Tally; Mazen Ismail
Effect of annealing on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO films by RF sputtering under low vacuum level
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by RF sputtering of ceramic ITO target in pure argon atmosphere at a high base pressure of 3x10^-^4mbar without substrate heating and oxygen admittance. The use of pure argon during deposition resulted ... Keywords: 68.55.J, 73.61.Le, 78.66.Li, 81.15.Cd, Annealing, Electrical properties, Indium tin oxide (ITO), Optical properties, Sputtering, X-ray diffraction
T. S. Sathiaraj
the Value of Wind-Generated Electricity References TrueWindValuing the Time-Varying Electricity Production of Solarthe Value of Wind-Generated Electricity References Gipe, P.
gas from PG&E. The electricity tariff has Time-Of-Use (TOU)month) Source: SCE TOU electricity tariff and SoCal naturalthe almost flat electricity tariff ($/kWh) and the seasonal
thermal storage (kWh) electricity bill (k$) NG bill (k$)thermal storage (kWh) electricity bill (k$) NG bill (k$)thermal storage (kWh) electricity bill (k$) NG bill (k$)
East Hartford, Connecticut: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
823216°, -72.6120346° 823216°, -72.6120346° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.7823216,"lon":-72.6120346,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
West Hartford, Connecticut: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
20447°, -72.7420399° 20447°, -72.7420399° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.7620447,"lon":-72.7420399,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Microsoft Word - Transcript_Pre-2009 Congestion Study_Hartford...
And since 2005, if you like, or if you wanted to go back further in time and talk about trends, maybe since 2002 up through 2007. And, finally, are there particular areas that...
Illinois Municipal Electric Agency - Electric Efficiency Program...
Electric Agency - Electric Efficiency Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Industrial Institutional Municipal Utility Nonprofit Schools Savings Category Home...
Quantifying the Effects of Interfacial Electric Fields and Local Crystallinity on Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Performance
The challenges of experimentally probing the physical and electronic structures of the highly intermixed organic semiconductor blends that comprise active layers in high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells ultimately limit the fundamental understanding of the device performance. We use Fourier-transform IR (FTIR)-absorption spectroscopy to quantitatively determine the interfacial electric field in blended poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl- C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin films. The interfacial electric field is {approx}0.2 V nm{sup -1} in the as-spun film and blends annealing at temperatures as high as 150 C, which is the optimal annealing temperature in terms of OPV performance. The field decreases to a negligible value upon further annealing to 170 C, at which temperature PCBM changes from amorphous to crystalline and the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell decreases from 0.62 to 0.4 V. In addition, our measurements also allow determination of the absolute degree of crystallinity within the acceptor material. The roles of interfacial field and local crystallinity in OPV device performance are discussed.
Gearba, R.I.; Black, C.; Mills, T.; Morris, J.; Pindak, R.; Zhu, X.-Y.
Effect of increased electric loads on primary substation equipment in 100-B, C, D, DR, F, and H areas
The loading on the primary transformers which step down the 230 kv transmission voltage to a distribution voltage of 13.8 kv, at 100-B-C, 100-D-DR, 100-F, and 100-H Areas will be increased by the synchronous motors now being installed in those areas under Project CG-558. This report summarizes: The changes in electric loads (both kv and power factor) which will result when the new motors are placed in service and certain older motors are withdrawn from service. Electric loads are tabulated in section 4.0 for each area for present conditions, the planned changes and the post-CG-558 conditions. The reduction of distribution voltage during the starting of individual 4500 hp synchronous motors. Since the synchronous motors will be started across the line as induction motors, the starting current will be high, and at a low power factor. Voltage drops are calculated for the starting of a synchronous motor, with one and then with two transformer banks paralleled. The current-interrupting capacity of switchgear vs. the maximum short-circuit current which could occur with separate transformers and with two primary transformers in parallel.
Baker, D.S.; McLenegan, D.W.
and reliability of the energy infrastructure, and facilitating recovery from disruptions to energy supply. MajorElectricity Delivery and Energy Reliability High Temperature Superconductivity (HTS) Visualization on the nation's energy delivery system Superconductors are important to meeting the nation's energy needs
Optimal combinatorial electricity markets
The deregulation of the electricity industry in many countries has created a number of marketplaces in which producers and consumers can operate in order to more effectively manage and meet their energy needs. To this end, this paper develops a new model ... Keywords: Multi-agent systems, combinatorial auctions, distributed artificial intelligence
Yoseba K. Penya; Nicholas R. Jennings
Electric Chiller Handbook
Electric chillers have dominated the market for large commercial cooling systems due to their history of reliable, economical operation. This handbook provides a comprehensive guide for use in selecting chillers for commercial cooling needs. Key issues include chiller availability, rated performance, future viability of various refrigerant options, the cost-effectiveness of alternative chillers, and chilled-water system optimization.
Electric chillers have dominated the market for large commercial cooling systems due to their history of reliable, economical operation. This handbook provides a comprehensive guide for use in selecting chillers for commercial cooling needs. Key issues include chiller availability, rated performance, future viability of various refrigerant options, the cost-effectiveness of alternative chillers, and chilled water system optimization.
Incorporation of the effect of the composite electric fields of molecular ions as a simulation tool for biological damage due to heavy ion irradiation II
This paper presents a theoretical study of the DNA damage due to the effect of the composite electric fields of H{sub 2}O{sup +} ions produced from the irradiation of a heavy ion onto a cell. It is found that a much larger number of electrons, which are produced from electron impact ionization, is trapped near the track of an incident ion in the case of C{sup 6+} ion irradiation with the energy of 3 MeV/u than that of proton irradiation. Therefore, the irradiation of carbon ions may produce a larger number of cluster DNA damage than that in the irradiation of protons. This may lead to the understanding of relative biological effectiveness (RBE).
Moribayashi, Kengo [Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa-city, 619-0215 (Japan) and Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, 610-0394 (Japan)
Geothermal Electricity Production
Heat from the earth�geothermal energy�heats water that has seeped into underground reservoirs. These reservoirs can be tapped for a variety of uses, depending on the temperature of the water. The energy from high-temperature reservoirs (225�-600�F) can be used to produce electricity. In the United States, geothermal energy has been used to generate electricity on a large scale since 1960. Through research and development, geothermal power is becoming more cost-effective and competitive with fossil fuels.
Hybrid electrical energy storage systems
Electrical energy is a high quality form of energy that can be easily converted to other forms of energy with high efficiency and, even more importantly, it can be used to control lower grades of energy quality with ease. However, building a cost-effective ... Keywords: charge, electrical storage, energy, energy storage, hybrid storage, management
Massoud Pedram; Naehyuck Chang; Younghyun Kim; Yanzhi Wang
A Model for Predicting the Electrical Resistivity of Baked Anodes
One of the desired properties of the anodes is low electrical resistivity. A proper understanding of the effect of different parameters on electrical resistivity can�...
means of decreasing residential energy consumption. Journalreductions gained through residential CPP rates, with or7. Hypothetical effects of residential CPP rates with and
Electrically charged compact stars
We review here the classical argument used to justify the electrical neutrality of stars and show that if the pressure and density of the matter and gravitational field inside the star are large, then a charge and a strong electric field can be present. For a neutron star with high pressure (~ 10^{33} to 10^{35} dynes /cm^2) and strong gravitational field (~ 10^{14} cm/s^2), these conditions are satisfied. The hydrostatic equation which arises from general relativity, is modified considerably to meet the requirements of the inclusion of the charge. In order to see any appreciable effect on the phenomenology of the neutron stars, the charge and the electrical fields have to be huge (~ 10^{21} Volts/cm). These stars are not however stable from the viewpoint that each charged particle is unbound to the uncharged particles, and thus the system collapses one step further to a charged black hole
Subharthi Ray; Manuel Malheiro; Jose' P. S. Lemos; Vilson T. Zanchin
202-328-5000 www.rff.orgThe Health Effects of Coal Electricity Generation in India
To help inform pollution control policies in the Indian electricity sector we estimate the health damages associated with particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from individual coal-fired power plants. We calculate the damages per ton of pollutant for each of 89 plants and compute total damages in 2008, by pollutant, for 63 plants. We estimate health damages by combining data on power plant emissions of particulate matter, SO2 and NOx with reduced-form intake fraction models that link emissions to changes in population-weighted ambient concentrations of fine particles. Concentration-response functions for fine particles from Pope et al. (2002) are used to estimate premature cardiopulmonary deaths associated with air emissions for persons 30 and older. Our results suggest that 75 percent of premature deaths are associated with fine particles that result from SO2 emissions. After characterizing the distribution of premature mortality across plants we calculate the health benefits and cost-per-life saved of the flue-gas desulfurization unit installed at the Dahanu power plant in Maharashtra and the health benefits of coal washing at the Rihand power plant in Uttar Pradesh.
Shama Gamkhar; Kabir Malik; Alex Limonov; Ian Partridge
Electricity Transmission, A Primer
the electric power system, 2) gives electricity customers flexibility to diversify the mix of fuels that produces their electricity by giving them access to power plants, 3)...
Retail Electricity Competition
Reliability and Competitive Electricity Markets� mimeo, MITCSEM WP 130 Retail Electricity Competition * Paul Joskow andwww.ucei.org Retail Electricity Competition ? Paul Joskow �
Joskow, Paul; Tirole, Jean
Capacity Markets for Electricity
Designing Markets for Electricity. Wiley IEEE Press. [25]in the England and Wales Electricity Market�, Power WorkingFelder (1996), �Should Electricity Markets Have a Capacity
Creti, Anna; Fabra, Natalia
Designing Electricity Auctions
market performance in electricity auctions, it appears thatMcSorely (2001) �Regulating Electricity Markets: Experiencethe United Kingdom,� The Electricity Journal, December, 81-
Fabra, Natalia; von der Fehr, Nils-Henrik; Harbord, David
J. (2002) �Why Did Electricity Prices Fall in England &Why Did British Electricity Prices Fall After 1998? ,�The Fall in British Electricity Prices: Market Rules, Market
Electric Power Annual
F. Coal: Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, by Sector, 2001 - 2011 (Billion Btus) Electric Power Sector Period Total (all sectors) Electric Utilities...
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand An Assessment of Supply Adequacy in California Trends.......................................................................................................1 HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND.....................................................................................................................7 SECTION I: HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND ..........................9 BACKGROUND
Signals of electric muscle activity as markers of the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic emissions (Method and Experimental Results)
We present the method and describe results of an experimental study of electromyographic (EMG) changes under the influence of low-intensity electromagnetic transmitters (EMT). To study the EMT effect on humans, we propose a method based on special processing ...
O. E. Khutorskaya
icon Twitter icon Central Hudson Gas & Electric (Electric) - Commercial Lighting Rebate Program (New York) This is the approved revision of this page, as well as...
Hybrid Electric and Pure Electric vehicle testing
Hybrid Electric and Pure Electric Vehicle Testing (Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity) Jim Francfort Discovery Center of Idaho - September 2005 INLCON-05-00693 HEV & EV Testing...
NREL: Electricity Integration Research - Electricity, Resources...
Electricity, Resources, and Building Systems Integration Center NREL's Electricity, Resources, and Building Systems Integration Center brings together diverse groups of experts...
Small Wind Electric Systems | Department of Energy
Small Wind Electric Systems Small Wind Electric Systems Small Wind Electric Systems July 15, 2012 - 5:22pm Addthis Wind power is the fastest growing source of energy in the world -- efficient, cost effective, and non-polluting. What does this mean for me? Small wind electric systems can be one of the most efficient ways of producing electricity for your home. Wind energy is a fast growing market, because it is effective and cost efficient. If you have enough wind resource in your area and the situation is right, small wind electric systems are one of the most cost-effective home-based renewable energy systems -- with zero emissions and pollution. Small wind electric systems can: Lower your electricity bills by 50%-90% Help you avoid the high costs of having utility power lines extended
A Numerical Study of the Effect of Electric Charges on the Efficiency with which Planar Ice Crystals Collect Supercooled Cloud Drops
A theoretical model is presented which allows determination of the efficiency with which electrically charged, simple planar ice crystals collide with electrically charged supercooled cloud drops. The calculations are carried out for ice crystal ...
J. J. Martin; P. K. Wang; H. R. Pruppacher; R. L. Pitter
of a time of use tariff for electrical energy. The CA dataThe ConEd tariffs, with flat electrical energy charges, andenergy from their local utilities at published tariffs. The
Electrical receptacle
The invention is a receptacle for a three prong electrical plug which has either a tubular or U-shaped grounding prong. The inventive receptacle has a grounding prong socket which is sufficiently spacious to prevent the socket from significantly stretching when a larger, U-shaped grounding prong is inserted into the socket, and having two ridges to allow a snug fit when a smaller tubular shape grounding prong is inserted into the socket. The two ridges are made to prevent the socket from expanding when either the U-shaped grounding prong or the tubular grounding prong is inserted.
Leong, R.
Leong, Robert (Dublin, CA)
10 Kammen and others/p. 1 Cost-Effectiveness of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Daniel M. Kammen1 , Samuel M. Arons, Derek M. Lemoine and Holmes Hummel Cars per year.2 Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could alter these trends. On a vehicle technology spectrum that stretches from fossil fuelpowered conventional vehicles (CVs) through hybrid electric vehicles 1
Kammen, Daniel M.
Effect of {gamma}-ray radiation on electrical properties of heat-treated Tb{sub x}Sn{sub 1-x}Se single crystals
The effect of {gamma}-ray radiation on the electrical properties of heat-treated Tb{sub 0.01}Sn{sub 0.99}Se (sample 1) and Tb{sub 0.05}Sn{sub 0.95}Se (sample 2) samples is studied. It is found that, as a result of irradiation with {gamma}-ray 1.25-MeV photons, the charge-carrier concentration decreases in the temperature range T = 77-200 K by 17 and 6.3% for samples 1 and 2, respectively. It is assumed that, in the course of irradiation with {gamma}-ray photons, terbium impurity atoms are located between sites of the crystal lattice; in addition, Frenkel defects are formed.
Huseynov, J. I., E-mail: email@example.com; Jafarov, T. A. [Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University (Azerbaijan)
Electric Resistance Heating
Electric resistance heat can be supplied by centralized forced-air electric furnaces or by heaters in each room. Electric resistance heating converts nearly all of the energy in the electricity to...
Energy Basics: Electric Vehicles
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Photo of an electric bus driving up a hill. Electricity can be used as a transportation fuel to power battery electric vehicles (EVs). EVs store electricity in an energy storage...
Peak-Coincident Demand Savings from Behavior-Based Programs: Evidence from PPL Electric's Behavior and Education Program
Energy Policy 38 PPL Electric. 2012. First Annual report toEvidence from PPL Electric�s Behavior and Education Programon the effects of PPL Electric�s behavior-based program on
Stewart, James
Suppressant: Electric Fields
*. Bookmark and Share. Suppressant:Electric Fields. Fire Extinguishment of Pool Flames by Means of a DC electric Field.. ...
Concrete Electrical Conductivity Test
Concrete Electrical Conductivity Test. Description/Summary: ... Details. Type of software: Virtual concrete electrical conductivity test. Authors: ...
Greenhouse gas data, voluntary report- ing, electric power plant emissions. Highlights ... Generation and thermal output; Electric power plants generating capacity;
Electric Power Sector ; Period Total (all sectors) Electric Utilities Independent Power Producers Commercial Sector Industrial Sector; Annual Totals: ...
Electricity Market Module
Documents the Electricity Market Module as it was used for the Annual Energy Outlook 2013. The Electricity Market Module (EMM) is the electricity supply component of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). The EMM represents the generation, transmission, and pricing of electricity. It consists of four submodules: the Electricity Capacity Planning (ECP) Submodule, the Electricity Fuel Dispatch (EFD) Submodule, the Electricity Finance and Pricing (EFP) Submodule, and the Electricity Load and Demand (ELD) Submodule.
Jeff Jones
Electric Power Metrology Portal
... Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid Our country's way of life depends on the electric power distribution system. ...
Electrical Safety
NOT MEASUREMENT NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE DOE HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL SAFETY DOE-HDBK-1092-2013 July 2013 Superseding DOE-HDBK-1092-2004 December 2004 U.S. Department of Energy AREA SAFT Washington, D.C.20585 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DOE-HDBK-1092-2013 Available on the Department of Energy Technical Standards Program Web site at http://www.hss.doe.gov/nuclearsafety/techstds/ ii DOE-HDBK-1092-2013 FOREWORD 1. This Department of Energy (DOE) Handbook is approved for use by the Office of Health, Safety and Security and is available to all DOE components and their contractors. 2. Specific comments (recommendations, additions, deletions, and any pertinent data) to enhance this document should be sent to: Patrick Tran
Electrical aspects of rainout
Rainout commonly denotes the aggregate of phenomena associated with precipitation scavenging of radioactivity from a cloud of nuclear debris that is within a natural rain cloud. (In contrast, the term, washout, is applicable when the nuclear cloud is below the rain cloud and the term, fallout, commonly denotes the direct gravitational settling of contaminated solid material from a nuclear cloud.) Nuclear debris aerosols may be scavenged within natural clouds by a variety of different physical processes which may involve diffusion, convection, impaction, nucleation, phoresis, turbulence, and/or electricity among others. Processes which involve electrical aspects are scrutinized for their susceptibility to the intimate presence of the radioactive-cloud environment. This particular choice of electrical processes is not accidental. Nearly all of the listed processes were examined earlier by Williams. His rough estimates suggested that electrical effects, and to a lesser extent turbulence, could enhance the scavenging of those submicron aerosols which reside in the size-range that bridges the minimum in the scavenging rate coefficient which is commonly called the Greenfield gap. This minimum in the scavenging-rate coefficient is created by the simultaneous reduction of scavenging via diffusion and the reduction of scavenging via inertial impaction. However, Williams omitted the specific influence of a radioactive environment. This report aims to remedy this omission.
Rosenkilde, C.E.
Using nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole resonance and electric field gradient information for the study of radiation effects
Nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) was used in an attempt to detect the effects of ionizing radiation on organic material. Previously reported resonances for urea were detected at 2,913.32 {+-} 0.01 kHz and 2,347.88 {+-} 0.08 kHz with associated T{sub 2}* values 780 {+-} 20 {micro}s and 523 {+-} 24 {micro}s, respectively. The previously unreported {nu}{sub {minus}} line for urea-d{sup 4} was detected at 2,381 {+-} 0.04 Khz and used to determine accurately for the first time the values for the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant {chi} (3,548.74 {+-} 0.03 kHz) and the asymmetry parameter {eta} (0.31571 {+-} 0.00007) for urea-d{sup 4}. The inverse linewidth parameter T{sub 2}* for {nu}{sub +} was measured at 928 {+-} 23 {micro}s and for {nu}{sub {minus}} at 721 {+-} 12 {micro}s. Townes and Dailey analysis was performed and urea-d{sup 4} exhibits a 0.004 increase in lone pair electronic density and a slight decrease in N-H bond electronic density, as compared to urea, probably due to the mass difference. A relationship is proposed, referred to as NQR linewidth analysis, between the dynamic spin relaxation times T{sub 2} and T{sub 2}* and the widths of the distributions of the NQR parameters. Linewidth analysis is presented as a tool for possible use in future NQR work in all area, not just radiation effects. This relationship is tested using sodium nitrite T{sub 2} and T{sub 2}* values for {nu}{sub {minus}} and {nu}{sub {minus}} as a function of temperature.
Iselin, L.H.
0 Effective May 1, 2004 Control of Measuring and Test Equipment (M&TE) Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
DOE Releases Electricity Subsector Cybersecurity Risk Management...
that help them manage their cybersecurity risks more effectively." Feedback provided by industry, vendors, and other electricity subsector stakeholders during two comment periods...
HITP05 Revision 0 Effective November 1, 2004 "HICE Vehicle Rough Road Course Test" Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: ...
7 Revision 2 Effective March 1, 1997 Road Course Handling Test Prepared by Electric Transportation Applications Prepared by: Date: Jude M....
??In the last two decades, feed-in tariffs (FIT) have emerged as the dominant policy instrument for supporting electricity from renewable sources in the European Union.� (more)
Klein, Christopher A.
Electrical Demand Management
The Demand Management Plan set forth in this paper has proven to be a viable action to reduce a 3 million per year electric bill at the Columbus Works location of Western Electric. Measures are outlined which have reduced the peak demand 5% below the previous year's level and yielded $150,000 annual savings. These measures include rescheduling of selected operations and demand limiting techniques such as fuel switching to alternate power sources during periods of high peak demand. For example, by rescheduling the startup of five heat treat annealing ovens to second shift, 950 kW of load was shifted off peak. Also, retired, non-productive steam turbine chillers and a diesel air compressor have been effectively operated to displaced 1330 kW during peak periods each day. Installed metering devices have enabled the recognition of critical demand periods. The paper concludes with a brief look at future plans and long range objectives of the Demand Management Plan.
Fetters, J. L.; Teets, S. J.
Electrical Quantities Programs/Projects in Quantum Electrical ...
Electrical Quantities Programs/Projects in Quantum Electrical Metrology. Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid. Contact. ...
Electrical Equipment Inspection Program Electrical Safety
for Electrical Safety" (DOE )-HDBK-1092-2004 Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, "Labor" , Chapter 17
Wechsler, Risa H.
Tests of Electric Polarizability on the Lattice
Using clover fermions on CP-PACS dynamical configurations, we consider a number of ways of measuring hadronic electric polarizability, an $|\\mathbf{E}|^{2}$ effect in hadron masses, using lattice techniques. We consider the effects of periodic and Dirichlet boundary conditions, the field linearization postulate as well as a quantized electric field. We also consider two ways of formulating the classical vector potential which describes a uniform electric field in combination with the other possibilities.
Victor X. Guerrero; Walter Wilcox; Joe Christensen
Guerrero, V X; Christensen, J
Estimating the Value of Electricity Storage Resources in Electricity...
Estimating the Value of Electricity Storage Resources in Electricity Markets - EAC 2011 Estimating the Value of Electricity Storage Resources in Electricity Markets - EAC 2011 The...
Electricity in the Body
Electricity in the Body Name: SEAN Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: OUR BRAINS SEND ELECTRICAL IMPULSES RIGHT. IS IT BASICALLY SAME AS NORMAL ELECTRICITY? IS IT LIKE...
Matter & Energy Electricity
See Also: Matter & Energy Electricity Energy Technology Computers & Math Distributed Computing Computer Science Science & Society Energy Issues Environmental Policies Reference Electric power transmission Distributed generation Electric power Grid computing ScienceDaily (Oct. 12, 2010) -- A new study
Hines, Paul
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
3. Electric Power Industry - U.S. Electricity Imports from and Electricity Exports to Canada and Mexico, 2001-2011 (Megawatthours) Canada Mexico U.S. Total Year Imports from...
the savings in their electricity bill. While these consumerssavings in their electricity bill. A potential argumentsurplus S(s) minus the electricity bill: E j [S(s) ? p j D
Electrical safety guidelines
The Electrical Safety Guidelines prescribes the DOE safety standards for DOE field offices or facilities involved in the use of electrical energy. It has been prepared to provide a uniform set of electrical safety standards and guidance for DOE installations in order to affect a reduction or elimination of risks associated with the use of electrical energy. The objectives of these guidelines are to enhance electrical safety awareness and mitigate electrical hazards to employees, the public, and the environment.
Effect of a high electric field on the conductivity of MnGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}, MnIn{sub 2}S{sub 4}, and MnGaInS{sub 4} single crystals
The results of studying the effect of a high electric field on the conductivity of MnGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}, MnIn{sub 2}S{sub 4}, and MnGaInS{sub 4} single crystals are reported. The activation energy is determined in high and low electric fields. It is established that the decrease in the activation energy with increasing the external voltage is associated with decreasing the depth of the potential well, in which the electron is located.
Niftiev, N. N. [Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University (Azerbaijan); Tagiev, O. B. [National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)
Spin rotation and birefringence effect for a particle in a high energy storage ring and measurement of the real part of the coherent elastic zero-angle scattering amplitude, electric and magnetic polarizabilities
In the present paper the equations for the spin evolution of a particle in a storage ring are analyzed considering contributions from the tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the particle. Study of spin rotation and birefringence effect for a particle in a high energy storage ring provides for measurement as the real part of the coherent elastic zero-angle scattering amplitude as well as tensor electric and magnetic polarizabilities. We proposed the method for measurement the real part of the elastic coherent zero-angle scattering amplitude of particles and nuclei in a storage ring by the paramagnetic resonance in the periodical in time nuclear pseudoelectric and pseudomagnetic fields.
V. G. Baryshevsky; A. A. Gurinovich
Sustainable Electricity | Clean Energy | ORNL
Sustainable Electricity SHARE Sustainable Electricity Outdoor power line accelerated testing. Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Energy Efficiency and Electricity Technologies Program...
Basic equations and boundary conditions governing effects of vertical magnetic and gravitational fields on smallamplitude perturbations of the free equilibrium surfuce of a viscous, electrically conducting fluid are presented. Normal modes are examined. A dispersion relationship is derived which relates the complex "frequency" n of the normal mode to the Alfven velocity, V; the viscosity, v,; the magnetic diffusivity, lambda ; and the horizontal wave number, k. This dispersioh relationship is solved in nine extreme cases. In six of these, the magnetic field is too wesk to modify substantially the familiar gravity-wave solution holding in the absence of a magnetic field. The influence of the field is so strong in the remaining three cases that they have no parallel in the zero-field case. 0ne of these holds for any k if the magnetic field is sufficiently strong. In this case n = -gV/sup -1/( lambda /v)1/2i.e., the effect of the magnetic field is so great that the disturbance is attenuated aperiodically as the Alfven waves radiate energy away from the free surfuce. Another interesting feature demonstrated is the existence (if V is sufficiently large) of a band of wave numbers k for which no normal-mode solution exists. It is nevertheless demonstrated that the associated initialvalue problem can be solved for such values of k. In addition to the nine extreme cases mentioned above, three special cases are solved for all k for particular values of V, namely, v = lambda , v = 0, and lambda = 0. (auth)
Roberts, P.H.; Boardman, A.D.
Electrical Resistance Investigation of Cotton Fabrics After Treating ...
Presentation Title, Electrical Resistance Investigation of Cotton Fabrics After ... the Piezodielectric Effect of Carbon Fiber Sulphoaluminate Cement Composites.
2012 National Electricity Forum
1 U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy National Electric Transmission Congestion Study Workshop - December 8, 2011 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study...
... OOF2: The Manual. Electric:SpaceCharge. Prev, 6.4.1. Material Properties, Next. Name. Electric:SpaceCharge � Spatial charge density. Details. ...
Electricity Advisory Committee
3:30 - 3:40 pm Welcome and Opening Comments Kevin Kolevar, Assistant Secretary for Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Linda Stuntz, Chair, Electricity Advisory Committee...
Table 3.19. Net Generation from Geothermal by State, by Sector, 2011 and 2010 (Thousand Megawatthours) Electric Power Sector Census Division and State All Sectors Electric...
Electricity Monthly Update
prepared by the Electric Power Operations Team, Office of Electricity, Renewables and Uranium Statistics, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department of Energy....
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
7. Net Generation from Wind by State, by Sector, 2011 and 2010 (Thousand Megawatthours) Electric Power Sector Census Division and State All Sectors Electric Utilities Independent...
C. Natural Gas: Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, by Sector, 2001 - 2011 (Million Cubic Feet) Electric Power Sector Period Total (all sectors)...
Neighborhood Electric Vehicles
Neighborhood Electric Vehicles A neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) is 4-wheeled vehicle, larger than a golf cart but smaller than most light-duty passenger vehicles. NEVs are...
& Fuels Printable Version Share this resource Fuels Vehicles Electric Vehicles Flexible Fuel Vehicles Fuel Cell Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Natural Gas Vehicles Propane...
Electricity | Department of Energy
Science & Innovation Energy Sources Electricity Electricity Learn how a milestone project in Florida is helping to advance America's smart grid....
CorrectionUpdate November 28, 2012 Map of Electric System Selected for Daily Peak Demand was replaced with the correct map showing Selected Wholesale Electricity and Natural Gas...
California's electricity crisis
The collapse of California's electricity restructuring and competition program has attracted attention around the world. Prices in California's competitive wholesale electricity market increased by 500% between the second ...
Joskow, Paul L.
EIA Energy Kids - Electricity
The energy sources we use to make electricity can be renewable or non-renewable, but electricity itself is neither renewable nor non-renewable.
Electrical Safety Committee Charter
safety and electrical safety awareness within the APS. The committee shall implement policies and practices adopted by the ANL Electrical Safety Committee and shall assist the ANL...
Electricity market module: Electricity fuel dispatch submodule
In previous Annual Energy Outlooks (AEO), international electricity trade was represented in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Electricity Market Module (EMM) modeling framework as an exogenous input. The exception to this exogenous treatment was for firm power projections, i.e., new Canadian hydroelectric model builds. The AEO95 implementation of EMM allowed Canadian hydroelectric projects to be selected in the Electricity Capacity Planning (ECP) submodule on an annual basis and otherwise addressed as any other purchased power commitments. This technical memorandum addresses modifications to the Electricity Fuel Dispatch Submodule implemented in AEO96 to enhance the treatment of international electricity trade through the representation of economy imports from Canada.
Electricity Restructuring: Deregulation or Reregulation?
Power in the British Electricity Spot Market. � American805. Catherine Wolfram. �Electricity Markets: Should thePower in Wholesale Electricity Markets. � The Electricity
Borenstein, Severin; Bushnell, James
Energy Basics: Electric Resistance Heating
or by heaters in each room. Electric resistance heating converts nearly all of the energy in the electricity to heat. Types of Electric Resistance Heaters Electric resistance...
Parametric electric motor study
Technology for the axial gap motor was developed by DOE with an investment of approximately $15 million. This development effort is for motor technologies of high power density and high efficiency. Such motors that are also small and light-weight are not available on the commercial market because high-power motors have typically been used in large industrial applications where small size and light weight are not requirements. AC Delco has been developing motors since 1918 and is interested in leveraging its research and development dollars to produce an array of motor systems for vehicles and to develop a future line of propulsion products. The DOE focus of the study was applied to machining applications. The most attractive feature of this motor is the axial air gap, which may make possible the removal of the motor`s stationary component from a total enclosure of the remainder of the machine if the power characteristics are adequate. The objectives of this project were to evaluate alternative electric drive systems for machine tools and automotive electric drive systems and to select a best machine type for each of those applications. A major challenge of this project was to produce a small, light-weight, highly efficient motor at a cost-effective price. The project developed machine and machine drive systems and design criteria for the range of applications. The final results included the creation of a baseline for developing electric vehicle powertrain system designs, conventional vehicle engine support system designs, and advanced machine tool configurations. In addition, an axial gap permanent magnet motor was built and tested, and gave, said one engineer involved, a sterling performance. This effort will commercialize advanced motor technology and extend knowledge and design capability in the most efficient electric machine design known today.
Adams, D. [Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Stahura, D. [GM-AC Delco Systems, Indianapolis, IN (United States)
Electrical Safety - Monthly Analyses of Electrical Safety Occurrences
Office of Analysis Office of Analysis Operating Experience Committee Safety Alerts Safety Bulletins Annual Reports Special Operations Reports Safety Advisories Special Reports Causal Analysis Reviews Contact Us HSS Logo Electrical Safety Monthly Analyses of Electrical Safety Occurrences 2013 September 2013 Electrical Safety Occurrences August 2013 Electrical Safety Occurrences July 2013 Electrical Safety Occurrences June 2013 Electrical Safety Occurrences May 2013 Electrical Safety Occurrences April 2013 Electrical Safety Occurrences March Electrical Safety Occurrence February Electrical Safety Occurrence January Electrical Safety Occurrence 2012 December Electrical Safety Occurrence November Electrical Safety Occurrence October Electrical Safety Occurrence September Electrical Safety Occurrence
Electricity markets in the western United States
This article introduces the use of rigorous econometric tools to understand the geographic scope of the market for generation services. These tools are applied to data from the current wholesale electricity market in the western United States. The behavior of the current wholesale electricity market and the methods used to assess the expanse of the geographic market in the current wholesale electricity market can go a long way toward informing the discussion of pricing behavior and performance in a restructured electricity industry. First, the current wholesale electricity market is already effectively unregulated and suffers from the same technical complexities that face a retail electricity market. Consequently, understanding the supply and demand conditions that cause the extent of the geographic market for generation services to narrow in the current wholesale electricity market can shed light on which times the geographic expanse of the market may narrow in a restructures electricity market. Second, the techniques developed in this paper to assess the extent of the current wholesale electricity market can be applied readily to a restructured electricity market. Finally, because market conditions in the electricity industry are likely to change significantly in the next few years, as the structure of the electricity sector changes dramatically, this analysis of the geographic expanse of the market can provide a useful benchmark against which to compare post-restructuring wholesale price relationships.
Bailey, E.M.
capitalcost.htm). EPRI-DOE Handbook of Energy Storage foret al. 1996, 2003, EPRI-DOE Handbook 2003, Goldstein, L. etet al. 2003, EPRI-DOE Handbook 2003 and at the Electricity
Analyzing the Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns on the Value ofWind-Generated Electricity at Different Sites in California and theNorthwest
Wind power production varies on a diurnal and seasonal basis. In this report, we use wind speed data modeled by TrueWind Solutions, LLC (now AWS Truewind) to assess the effects of wind timing on the value of electric power from potential wind farm locations in California and the Northwest. (Data from this dataset are referred to as ''TrueWind data'' throughout this report.) The intra-annual wind speed variations reported in the TrueWind datasets have not previously been used in published work, however, so we also compare them to a collection of anemometer wind speed measurements and to a limited set of actual wind farm production data. The research reported in this paper seeks to answer three specific questions: (1) How large of an effect can the temporal variation of wind power have on the value of wind in different wind resource areas? (2) Which locations are affected most positively or negatively by the seasonal and diurnal timing of wind speeds? (3) How compatible are wind resources in the Northwest and California with wholesale power prices and loads in either region? The latter question is motivated by the fact that wind power projects in the Northwest could sell their output into California (and vice versa), and that California has an aggressive renewable energy policy that may ultimately yield such imports. Based on our research, we reach three key conclusions. (1) Temporal patterns have a moderate impact on the wholesale market value of wind power and a larger impact on the capacity factor during peak hours. The best-timed wind power sites have a wholesale market value that is up to 4 percent higher than the average market price, while the worst-timed sites have a market value that is up to 11 percent below the average market price. The best-timed wind sites could produce as much as 30-40 percent more power during peak hours than they do on average during the year, while the worst timed sites may produce 30-60 percent less power during peak hours. (2) Northwestern markets appear to be well served by Northwestern wind and poorly served by California wind; results are less clear for California markets. Both the modeled TrueWind data and the anemometer data indicate that many Northwestern wind sites are reasonably well-matched to the Northwest's historically winter-peaking wholesale electricity prices and loads, while most California sites are poorly matched to these prices and loads. However, the TrueWind data indicate that most California and Northwestern wind sites are poorly matched to California's summer-afternoon-peaking prices and loads, while the anemometer data suggest that many of these same sites are well matched to California's wholesale prices and loads. (3) TrueWind and anemometer data agree about wind speeds in most times and places, but disagree about California's summer afternoon wind speeds: The TrueWind data indicate that wind speeds at sites in California's coastal mountains and some Northwestern locations dip deeply during summer days and stay low through much of the afternoon. In contrast, the anemometer data indicate that winds at these sites begin to rise during the afternoon and are relatively strong when power is needed most. At other times and locations, the two datasets show good agreement. This disagreement may be due in part to time-varying wind shear between the anemometer heights (20-25m) and the TrueWind reference height (50m or 70m), but may also be due to modeling errors or data collection inconsistencies.
Electric car Gasoline car
ENAC/ Electric car (Renault) Gasoline car (competitors) Gasoline car (Renault) Market shares of an electric vehicle? Electric car (Renault) Gasoline car (competitors) Gasoline car (Renault) Market shares preferences. · Identification of population segments with a strong interest for electric cars. · Forecasting
This page intentionally left blank This page intentionally left blank 95 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2011 Electricity Market Module The NEMS Electricity Market Module (EMM) represents the capacity planning, dispatching, and pricing of electricity. It is composed of four submodules-electricity capacity planning, electricity fuel dispatching, electricity load and demand, and electricity finance and pricing. It includes nonutility capacity and generation, and electricity transmission and trade. A detailed description of the EMM is provided in the EIA publication, Electricity Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2011, DOE/EIA-M068(2011). Based on fuel prices and electricity demands provided by the other modules of the NEMS, the EMM determines the most
This page inTenTionally lefT blank 91 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Electricity Market Module The NEMS Electricity Market Module (EMM) represents the capacity planning, dispatching, and pricing of electricity. It is composed of four submodules-electricity capacity planning, electricity fuel dispatching, electricity load and demand, and electricity finance and pricing. It includes nonutility capacity and generation, and electricity transmission and trade. A detailed description of the EMM is provided in the EIA publication, Electricity Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2012, DOE/EIA-M068(2012). Based on fuel prices and electricity demands provided by the other modules of the NEMS, the EMM determines the most
Market Module Market Module This page inTenTionally lefT blank 101 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Electricity Market Module The NEMS Electricity Market Module (EMM) represents the capacity planning, dispatching, and pricing of electricity. It is composed of four submodules-electricity capacity planning, electricity fuel dispatching, electricity load and demand, and electricity finance and pricing. It includes nonutility capacity and generation, and electricity transmission and trade. A detailed description of the EMM is provided in the EIA publication, Electricity Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2013, DOE/EIA-M068(2013). Based on fuel prices and electricity demands provided by the other modules of the NEMS, the EMM determines the most
Introduction Computational Efficiency Electricity Portfolio Planning Electricity Portfolios
Introduction Computational Efficiency Electricity Portfolio Planning Electricity Portfolios 2009/11/3012/01 István Maros Electricity Portfolio #12;Introduction Computational Efficiency Electricity Portfolio Outline 1 Introduction 2 Computational Efficiency 3 Electricity Portfolio Approximate
CO2 Intensity in Electricity Generation
Prior to the launch of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) in 2005, the electricity sector was widely proclaimed to have more low-cost emission abatement opportunities than other sectors. If this were true, effects of the EU ETS on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions would likely be visible in the electricity sector. Our study looks at the effect of the price of emission allowances (EUA) on CO2 emissions from Swedish electricity generation, using an econometric time series analysis for the period 2004�2008. We control for effects of other input prices and hydropower reservoir levels. Our results do not indicate any link between the price of EUA and the CO2 emissions of Swedish electricity production. A number of reasons may explain this result and we conclude that other determinants of fossil fuel use in Swedish electricity generation probably diminished the effects of the EU ETS.
Anna Widerberg; Markus Wr�ke; Anna Widerberg; Markus Wr�ke
Central Hudson Gas & Electric (Electric) - Residential Energy...
electric customers who upgrade heating, cooling or ventilation systems with specific types of energy efficient equipment. These rebates include efficient central air...
Electric Powertrains: Opportunities and Challenges
Managing impending environmental and energy challenges in the transport sector requires a dramatic reduction in both the petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of in-use vehicles. This study quantifies the potential of electric and hybrid-electric powertrains, such as gasoline hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs), and battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), to offer such reductions. The evolution of key enabling technologies was evaluated over a 30 year time horizon. These results were integrated with software simulations to model vehicle performance and tank-towheel energy consumption; the technology evaluation was also used to estimate costs. Well-towheel energy and GHG emissions of future vehicle technologies were estimated by integrating the vehicle technology evaluation with assessments of different fuel pathways. While electric powertrains can reduce or eliminate the transport sector�s reliance on petroleum, their GHG and energy reduction potential are constrained by continued reliance on fossil-fuels for producing electricity and hydrogen. In addition, constraints on growth of new vehicle technologies and slow rates of fleet turnover imply that these technologies take decades to effect meaningful change. As such, they do not offer a silver bullet: new technologies must be
Matthew A. Kromer; John B. Heywood
Electric field induced propagating structures in a model of spatio-temporal signalling
Keywords: calcium waves, convective instabilities, electric field effects, intracellular transport, propagating structures
D. �nita; P. Hasal; J. H. Merkin
Extracting Operating Modes from Building Electrical Load Data: Preprint
Empirical techniques for characterizing electrical energy use now play a key role in reducing electricity consumption, particularly miscellaneous electrical loads, in buildings. Identifying device operating modes (mode extraction) creates a better understanding of both device and system behaviors. Using clustering to extract operating modes from electrical load data can provide valuable insights into device behavior and identify opportunities for energy savings. We present a fast and effective heuristic clustering method to identify and extract operating modes in electrical load data.
Frank, S.; Polese, L. G.; Rader, E.; Sheppy, M.; Smith, J.
Electric Time in Quantum Cosmology
Effective quantum cosmology is formulated with a realistic global internal time given by the electric vector potential. New possibilities for the quantum behavior of space-time are found, and the high-density regime is shown to be very sensitive to the specific form of state realized.
Stephon Alexander; Martin Bojowald; Antonino Marciano; David Simpson
Electric Rate Alternatives to Cogeneration
This paper discusses electric rate
alternatives to cogeneration for the industrial
customer and attempts to identify the effects on
the utility company, the industrial customer as
well as remaining customers. It is written from
the perspective of one company and its exposure
to cogenerstion within its service territory.
Sandberg, K. R. Jr.
Effect of Heat and Electricity Storage and Reliability on Microgrid Viability:A Study of Commercial Buildings in California and New York States
In past work, Berkeley Lab has developed the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM). Given end-use energy details for a facility, a description of its economic environment and a menu of available equipment, DER-CAM finds the optimal investment portfolio and its operating schedule which together minimize the cost of meeting site service, e.g., cooling, heating, requirements. Past studies have considered combined heat and power (CHP) technologies. Methods and software have been developed to solve this problem, finding optimal solutions which take simultaneity into account. This project aims to extend on those prior capabilities in two key dimensions. In this research storage technologies have been added as well as power quality and reliability (PQR) features that provide the ability to value the additional indirect reliability benefit derived from Consortium for Electricity Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) Microgrid capability. This project is intended to determine how attractive on-site generation becomes to a medium-sized commercial site if economical storage (both electrical and thermal), CHP opportunities, and PQR benefits are provided in addition to avoiding electricity purchases. On-site electrical storage, generators, and the ability to seamlessly connect and disconnect from utility service would provide the facility with ride-through capability for minor grid disturbances. Three building types in both California and New York are assumed to have a share of their sensitive electrical load separable. Providing enhanced service to this load fraction has an unknown value to the facility, which is estimated analytically. In summary, this project began with 3 major goals: (1) to conduct detailed analysis to find the optimal equipment combination for microgrids at a few promising commercial building hosts in the two favorable markets of California and New York; (2) to extend the analysis capability of DER-CAM to include both heat and electricity storage; and (3) to make an initial effort towards adding consideration of PQR into the capabilities of DER-CAM.
Stadler, Michael; Marnay, Chris; Siddiqui, Afzal; Lai, Judy; Coffey, Brian; Aki, Hirohisa
Electricity Consumption Electricity Consumption EIA Electricity Consumption Estimates
Consumption Consumption Electricity Consumption EIA Electricity Consumption Estimates (million kWh) National Petroleum Council Assumption: The definition of electricity con- sumption and sales used in the NPC 1999 study is the equivalent ofwhat EIA calls "sales by utilities" plus "retail wheeling by power marketers." This A nn u al Gro wth total could also be called "sales through the distribution grid," 2o 99 99 to Sales by Utilities -012% #N/A Two other categories of electricity consumption tracked by EIA cover on site Retail Wheeling Sales by generation for host use. The first, "nonutility onsite direct use," covers the Power Marketen 212.25% #N/A traditional generation/cogeneration facilities owned by industrial or large All Sales Through Distribution
Electric arc saw apparatus
A portable, hand held electric arc saw has a small frame for supporting an electrically conducting rotary blade which serves as an electrode for generating an electric arc to erode a workpiece. Electric current is supplied to the blade by biased brushes and a slip ring which are mounted in the frame. A pair of freely movable endless belts in the form of crawler treads stretched between two pulleys are used to facilitate movement of the electric arc saw. The pulleys are formed of dielectric material to electrically insulate the crawler treads from the frame.
Deichelbohrer, Paul R. (Richland, WA)
Enhancing Efficient Functioning of the Nordic Electricity Market
Enhancing Efficient Functioning of the Nordic Electricity Market Summary and Conclusions 24............................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Roles in enhancing effective functioning of the electricity market PHYSICAL BALANCES .............................................. 19 6. JOINT NORDIC TRANSMISSION
Integration of decentralized generators with the electric power grid
This report develops a new methodology for studying the economic interaction of customer-owned electrical generators with the central electric power grid. The purpose of the report is to study the reciprocal effects of the ...
Finger, Susan
The Large Scale Roll-Out of Electric Vehicles
the emissions reduction targets. Within the transport sector, electric vehicles (EV) are considered as one of the important mitigation options. However the effect of EVs on emissions and the electricity sector is subject to debate. We use scenario analysis...
Talaei, Alireza; Begg, Katherine; Jamasb, Tooraj
5.70 SUN PV 2011 10 10393 PUD No 1 of Klickitat County Electric Utility Roosevelt Biogas 1 WA 7832 7 10.00 LFG CT 2011 10 10393 PUD No 1 of Klickitat County Electric Utility...
Annual Power Electric
Electric Power Annual Revision Final Data for 2011 Released: January 30, 2013 Revison Date: May 16, 2013 May 16, 2013 Data revision. 2011 Total (all sectors) and electric utility...
Electricity Distribution System Workshop
Discussion Summary Discussion Summary Electricity Transmission System Workshop 1 Grid Tech Team Discussion Summary Electricity Transmission System Workshop 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 4 Process ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Synthesized Challenges ............................................................................................................................. 5
Heart and Electric Potential
Heart and Electric Potential Name: Pete Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: What is the electrical output that the SA Node andor AV Node put out when emitting an...
Madrid Electric Lighting Report
Electric Lighting Quality Page 1 of 2 ELECTRIC LIGHTING QUALITY MAGIC BOX is a versatile home. Its design allows to change the room size by opening and closing the movable walls...
Renewable Electricity Futures (Presentation)
This presentation summarizes findings of NREL's Renewable Electricity Futures study, published in June 2012. RE Futures investigated the challenges and impacts of achieving very high renewable electricity generation levels in the contiguous United States by 2050.
Hand, M. M.
Fish in electrical storms
Fish in electrical storms Name: Kelly A Krugeger Age: NA Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: I have always been told to stay out of water during an electrical storm...
Mai, T.
Designing electricity transmission auctions
The UK has ambitious plans for exploiting offshore wind for electricity production in order to meet its challenging target under the EU Renewable Energy Directive. This could involve investing up to 20bn in transmission assets to bring electricity...
Greve, Thomas; Pollitt, Michael G.
This presentation library summarizes findings of NREL's Renewable Electricity Futures study, published in June 2012. RE Futures investigated the challenges and impacts of achieving very high renewable electricity generation levels in the contiguous United States by 2050.
Capacity (megawatts) 27,638 13 Electric Utilities 23,008 8 Independent Power Producers & Combined Heat and Power 4,630 23 Net Generation (megawatthours) 125,180,739 11 Electric...
Capacity (megawatts) 44,127 5 Electric Utilities 4,800 35 Independent Power Producers & Combined Heat and Power 39,327 3 Net Generation (megawatthours) 201,351,872 5 Electric...
Capacity (megawatts) 26,392 15 Electric Utilities 20,115 14 Independent Power Producers & Combined Heat and Power 6,277 16 Net Generation (megawatthours) 111,750,957 12 Electric...
Capacity (megawatts) 36,636 7 Electric Utilities 26,639 3 Independent Power Producers & Combined Heat and Power 9,998 11 Net Generation (megawatthours) 137,576,941 8 Electric...
2014 Electricity Form Proposals
Electricity and Renewable (Photovoltaic) Survey Form Changes Proposed for Electricity and Renewable (Photovoltaic) Survey Form Changes Proposed for 2014 The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is proposing changes to its electricity data collection in 2014. These changes involve the following surveys: Form EIA-63B, "Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report," Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report," Form EIA-826, "Monthly Electric Utility Sales and Revenue Report with State Distributions," Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," Form EIA-860M, "Monthly Update to the Annual Electric Generator Report," Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," Form EIA-861S, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report (Short Form)," and
International Electricity Regulation
U.S. trade in electric energy with Canada and Mexico is rising, bringing economic and reliability benefits to the United States and its trading partners. Within the Office of Electricity Delivery ...
Assessing Vehicle Electricity Demand Impacts on California Electricity Supply
CEC (2009) Statewide Electricity Rates by Utility, Class andrates if the marginal electricity rate from the LCFS isestimated marginal electricity emissions rate in California�
McCarthy, Ryan W.
55. Sample distribution of vehicle electricity demand forand distribution facilities that supply electricity demand.55. Sample distribution of vehicle electricity demand for
Electricity Grid: Impacts of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging
discusses how electricity demands for vehicle charging cantiming of vehicle electricity demands. challenges associatedand timing of vehicle electricity demand. As the number of
Yang, Christopher; McCarthy, Ryan
Statewide California Electricity Demand. [accessed June 22,fuel efficiency and electricity demand assumptions used into added vehicle electricity demand in the BAU (no IGCC)
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Hybrid Electric Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Exemption from Vehicle Testing Requirements to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Exemption from Vehicle Testing Requirements on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Exemption from Vehicle Testing Requirements on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Exemption from Vehicle Testing Requirements on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Exemption from Vehicle Testing Requirements on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
General Dynamics, Electric Boat
General Dynamics, Electric Boat. NVLAP Lab Code: 100560-0. Address and Contact Information: 75 Eastern Point Road ...
A portable, hand-held electric arc saw apparatus comprising a small frame for supporting an electrically conducting rotary blade which serves as an electrode for generating an electric arc between the blade and a workpiece of opposite polarity. Electrically conducting means are provided on said frame for transmitting current to said blade. A pair of freely movable endless belts in the form of crawler treads are employed to facilitate movement of the apparatus relative to the workpiece.
Deichelbohrer, P.R.
Electric Power Metrology News
... Next-generation "smart" electrical meters for residential and commercial ... NIST Team Demystifies Utility of Power Factor Correction Devices Release ...
Arizona Electricity Restructuring Suspended
This inactivity strongly suggests that electricity restructuring in Arizona has ... demand side management, environmental, ... United States Departmen ...
Geothermal Electricity Production Basics | Department of Energy
Electricity Production Basics Electricity Production Basics Geothermal Electricity Production Basics August 14, 2013 - 1:49pm Addthis A photo of steam emanating from geothermal power plants at The Geysers in California. Geothermal energy originates from deep within the Earth and produces minimal emissions. Photo credit: Pacific Gas & Electric Heat from the earth-geothermal energy-heats water that has seeped into underground reservoirs. These reservoirs can be tapped for a variety of uses, depending on the temperature of the water. The energy from high-temperature reservoirs (225°-600°F) can be used to produce electricity. In the United States, geothermal energy has been used to generate electricity on a large scale since 1960. Through research and development, geothermal power is becoming more cost-effective and competitive with
Electrically driven photonic crystal nanocavity devices
Interest in photonic crystal nanocavities is fueled by advances in device performance, particularly in the development of low-threshold laser sources. Effective electrical control of high performance photonic crystal lasers has thus far remained elusive due to the complexities associated with current injection into cavities. A fabrication procedure for electrically pumping photonic crystal membrane devices using a lateral p-i-n junction has been developed and is described in this work. We have demonstrated electrically pumped lasing in our junctions with a threshold of 181 nA at 50K - the lowest threshold ever demonstrated in an electrically pumped laser. At room temperature we find that our devices behave as single-mode light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which when directly modulated, have an ultrafast electrical response up to 10 GHz corresponding to less than 1 fJ/bit energy operation - the lowest for any optical transmitter. In addition, we have demonstrated electrical pumping of photonic crystal nanobeam LEDs...
Shambat, Gary; Petykiewicz, Jan; Mayer, Marie A; Majumdar, Arka; Sarmiento, Tomas; Harris, James; Haller, Eugene E; Vuckovic, Jelena
DOE HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL SAFETY U.S. Department of Energy AREA SAFT Washington, D.C. 20585 of 139 3.0 HAZARD ANALYSIS 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides tools for assessing electrical hazards error. This chapter does not provide an exhaustive list of sources of electrical energy
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Buying a PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ELECTRIC SYSTEM A Consumer Guide 2003 System: A Consumer Guide i Buying a Photovoltaic Solar Electric System A Consumer Guide California Energy water system that uses the sun's energy to heat water, solar electric or photovoltaic technology uses
Krothapalli, Anjaneyulu
Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado--Boulder Monday, April 2, 2012, 11:00 a an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder. He hadELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING SEMINAR "A Random Walk on Image Patches" by Prof. Francois Meyer
Daylighting, dimming, and the electricity crisis in California
Dimming controls for electric lighting have been one of the mainstays of the effort to use daylighting to reduce annual lighting energy consumption. The coincidence of daylighting with electric utility peak demand makes daylighting controls an effective strategy for reducing commercial building peak electric loads. During times of energy shortage, there is a greatly increased need to reduce electricity use during peak periods, both to ease the burden on electricity providers and to control the operating costs of buildings. The paper presents a typical commercial building electric demand profile during summer, and shows how daylighting-linked lighting controls and load shedding techniques can reduce lighting at precisely those times when electricity is most expensive. We look at the importance of dimming for increasing the reliability of the electricity grid in California and other states, as well as examine the potential cost-effectiveness of widespread use of daylighting to save energy and reduce monthly electricity bills.
Rubinstein, Francis; Neils, Danielle; Colak, Nesrin
Accelerating Electric Vehicle Deployment | Department of Energy
Accelerating Electric Vehicle Deployment Accelerating Electric Vehicle Deployment Accelerating Electric Vehicle Deployment Accelerating Electric Vehicle Deployment More Documents &...
Vehicle Technologies Office: Electrical Machines
Electrical Machines to Electrical Machines to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Electrical Machines on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Electrical Machines on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Electrical Machines on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Electrical Machines on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Electrical Machines on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Electrical Machines on AddThis.com... Just the Basics Hybrid & Vehicle Systems Energy Storage Advanced Power Electronics & Electrical Machines Power Electronics Electrical Machines Thermal Control & System Integration Advanced Combustion Engines Fuels & Lubricants Materials Technologies Electrical Machines Emphasis in the electrical machines activity is on advanced motor
Reliability and Competitive Electricity Markets
Behavior in a Competitive Electricity Market,� InternationalDemand Response in Electricity Markets,� Hewlett FoundationGreen, R. (1999) �The Electricity Contract Market in England
The Case for Electric Vehicles
have put practical electric cars within reach, but politicsthat markets for electric cars might actually emergeratherTO CAR WorldResources Insnmte, 1994 TAKING CWARGE ELECTRIC
Sperling, Daniel
Prospects for Neighborhood Electric Vehicles
improved, neighborhood electric cars will likely be seen aseven general-purpose electric cars. They con- size orgasoline-like electric cars, they wilt undoubtedlybecome
Electric vehicles | Open Energy Information
Electric vehicles Jump to: navigation, search TODO: add content Electric vehicles first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred...
land Press, 1995 TESTING ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEMAND IN " HYBRIDThe Case for Electric Vehicles DanieI Sperlmg Reprint UCTCor The Case for Electric Vehicles Darnel Sperling Institute
Electric Power Monthly
Electric Power Monthly > Electric Power Monthly Back Issues Electric Power Monthly > Electric Power Monthly Back Issues Electric Power Monthly Back Issues Monthly Excel files zipped 2010 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2009 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2008 January February March March Supplement April May June July August September October November December 2007 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2006 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2005 January February March April May June July August September October November December
EIA Electric Power Forms
Electric Power Forms Electric Power Forms EIA Electric Power Forms Listing of Publicly Available and Confidential Data EIA's statistical surveys encompass each significant electric supply and demand activity in the United States. Most of the electric power survey forms resulting data elements are published, but respondent confidentiality is required. The chart below shows the data elements for each survey form and how each data element is treated in regard to confidentiality. Data Categories Data collection forms EIA- 411 EIA- 826 EIA- 860 EIA- 860M EIA- 861 EIA- 923 Frame Information Utility identification and iocation -- -- -- -- X -- Plant identification and iocation -- -- -- X -- X Generation and fuel Latitude and longitude -- -- X -- -- --
Electric car arrives - again
The first mass-produced electric cars in modern times are here, although they are expensive, limited in capability and unfamiliar to most prospective consumers. This article presents a brief history of the reintroduction of the modern electric car as well as discussions of the limitations of development, alternative routes to both producing and selling electric cars or some modified version of electric cars, economic incentives and governmental policies, and finally a snapshot description of the future for electric cars. 6 refs., 1 tab.
Dunn, S.
Electricity Subsector Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model...
Cybersecurity Electricity Subsector Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model Electricity Subsector Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model Electricity Advisory Committee...
The model electric restaurant
Restaurants are the most intensive users of energy of all types of commercial buildings. As a result, they have some of the highest energy costs. New and existing restaurants are important customers to electric utilities. Many opportunities exist to use electricity to improve restaurant energy performance. This report discusses a project in which computer simulations were used to investigate restaurant energy subsystem performance and to assess the potential for electric equipment to reduce energy consumption, reduce peak demand improve load factors, and reduce energy cost in new all-electric restaurants. The project investigated typical restaurant designs for all-electric and gas/electric facilities and compared them to high efficiency electric options in all-electric restaurants. This analysis determined which investiments in high-efficiency electric equipment are attractive for restaurant operators. Improved equipment for food preparation, heating and cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and lighting subsystem was studied in cafeteria, full menu, fast food, and pizza restaurants in Atlanta, Cleveland, Los Angeles, and Phoenix. In addition to the actual rate structures, four synthetic rate structures were used to calculate energy costs, so that the results can be applied to other locations. The results indicate that high efficiency and improved all-electric equipment have the potential for significantly reducing energy consumption, peak demand, and operating costs in almost all restaurants in all locations. The all-electric restaurants, with a combination of improved equipment, also offer the customer a competitive choice in fuels in most locations. 12 refs., 26 figs., 55 tabs.
Frey, D.J.; Oatman, P.A. (Architectural Energy Corp., Boulder, CO (USA)); Claar, C.N. (Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (USA))
Methodology and Documentation Methodology and Documentation General The Electricity Monthly Update is prepared by the Electric Power Operations Team, Office of Electricity, Renewables and Uranium Statistics, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department of Energy. Data published in the Electricity Monthly Update are compiled from the following sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-826,"Monthly Electric Utility Sales and Revenues with State Distributions Report," U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report," fuel spot prices from Bloomberg Energy, electric power prices from SNL Energy, electric system demand data from Ventyx Energy Velocity Suite, and weather data and imagery from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
EIA - Electric Power Data
Survey-level Detail Data Files Survey-level Detail Data Files Electric power data are collected on survey instruments. Data collection is mandated by Congress to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding. The most widely used data are disseminated in reports, such as the Electric Power Monthly and the Electric Power Annual. Publicly available electric power data is available down to the plant level in the Electricity Data Browser and in detailed spreadsheets by survey below. Description Data availability State-level data (consolidated across forms) Contains electricity generation; fuel consumption; emissions; retail sales, revenue, number of customers, and retail prices; generating capacity; and financial data. 1990-2012 (monthly and annual) Electric power sales and revenue data - monthly (Form EIA-826)
The combined effect of chemical and electrical synapses in small Hindmarsch-Rose neural networks on synchronisation and on the rate of information
In this work we studied the combined action of chemical and electrical synapses in small networks of Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) neurons on the synchronous behaviour and on the rate of information produced (per time unit) by the networks. We show that if the chemical synapse is excitatory, the larger the chemical synapse strength used the smaller the electrical synapse strength needed to achieve complete synchronisation, and for moderate synaptic strengths one should expect to find desynchronous behaviour. Otherwise, if the chemical synapse is inhibitory, the larger the chemical synapse strength used the larger the electrical synapse strength needed to achieve complete synchronisation, and for moderate synaptic strengths one should expect to find synchronous behaviours. Finally, we show how to calculate semi-analytically an upper bound for the rate of information produced per time unit (Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy) in larger networks. As an application, we show that this upper bound is linearly proportional to the number of neurons in a network whose neurons are highly connected.
M. S. Baptista; F. M. Moukam Kakmeni; C. Grebogi
Compliant alkali silicate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cell applications: the effect of protective alumina coating on electrical stability in dual environment
An alkali-containing silicate glass was recently proposed as a potential sealant for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The glass contains appreciable amount of alkalis and retains its glassy microstructure at elevated temperatures over time. It is more compliant as compared to conventional glass-ceramics sealants and could potentially heal cracks during thermal cycling. In previous papers the thermal cycle stability, thermal stability and chemical compatibility were reported with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and YSZ-coated ferritic stainless steel interconnect. In this paper, we report the electrical stability of the compliant glass with aluminized AISI441 interconnect material under DC load in dual environment at 700-800oC. Apparent electrical resistivity was measured with a 4-point method for the glass sealed between two aluminized AISI441 metal coupons as well as plain AISI441 substrates. The results showed good electrical stability with the aluminized AISI441 substrate, while unstable behavior was observed for un-coated substrates. In addition, interfacial microstructure was examined with scanning electron microscopy and correlated with the measured resistivity results. Overall, the alumina coating demonstrated good chemical stability with the alkali-containing silicate sealing glass under DC loading.
Chou, Y. S.; Choi, Jung-Pyung; Stevenson, Jeffry W.
Compliant alkali silicate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cell applications: the effect of protective YSZ coating on electrical stability in dual environment
Recently, compliant sealing glass has been proposed as a potential candidate sealant for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. In a previous paper, the thermal stability and chemical compatibility were reported for a compliant alkali-containing silicate glass sealed between anode supported YSZ bi-layer and YSZ-coated stainless steel interconnect. In this paper, we will report the electrical stability of the compliant glass under a DC load and dual environment at 700-800 degrees C. Apparent electrical resistivity was measured with a 4-point method for the glass sealed between two plain SS441 metal coupons or YSZ-coated aluminized substrates. The results showed instability with plain SS441 at 800 degrees C, but stable behavior of increasing resistivity with time was observed with the YSZ coated SS441. In addition, results of interfacial microstructure analysis with scanning electron microscopy will be correlated with the measured resistivity results. Overall, the YSZ coating demonstrated chemically stability with the alkali-containing compliant silicate sealing glass under electrical field and dual environments.
Chou, Y. S.; Thomsen, Edwin C.; Choi, Jung-Pyung; Stevenson, Jeffry W.
Modulation of Electrical Transport and Photosensitivity of ...
Modulation of channel carrier mobility and dielectric layer characteristics will be ... Crystal Growth and Characterization of YAG Crystals for Scintillator ... Effect of F Impurity Concentration upon Electronic and Electrical Features of SnO2.
hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), are among the most promising of the advanced vehicle
... OOF2: The Manual. Electric:DielectricPermittivity:Isotropic. ... Name. Electric:DielectricPermittivity:Isotropic � Isotropic dielectric permittivity. Details. ...
Applied Electrical Metrology Group Homepage
... Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid�Our country's way of life depends on the electric power distribution system. ...
Workshop on Electrical Methods in Geothermal Exploration
The objectives of the workshop are: (1) to disseminate case histories of the application of electrical methods in the geothermal environment; (2) to disseminate information from theoretical and field studies bearing on the relative merits of the reconnaissance electrical methods such as MT/AMT, Tellurics, Bipole-dipole, and self-potential; (3) to disseminate information from theoretical and field studies bearing on the relative merits of the detailed electrical methods such as downhole-to-surface methods, Schlumberger resistivity, electromagnetics; (4) to make studies of the cost-effectiveness of reconnaissance versus detailed electrical methods; (5) to analyze the preferred location and/or locations of electrical methods in typical exploration architecture; (6) to develop goals for specific theoretical and field comparisons of the cost-effectiveness and resolution of the various electrical methods; (7) to develop goals for advances in (a) equipment, (b) data processing, and (c) data interpretation of electrical methods applied in the geothermal environment; and (8) to discuss the advantages and limitations of electrical methods in the search for geothermal resources.
J. Plasma Fusion Res. SERIES, Vol. 8 (2009) EFFECTS OF GAS PRESSURE AND DISCHARGE POWER ON ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO:AL THIN FILM DEPOSITED ON POLYMER SUBSTRATE
In this paper aluminium-doped zinc oxide(ZnO:Al) conducting layer was deposited on polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate by r. f. magnetron sputtering method. The effects of gas pressure and r. f. sputtering power on the structural and electrical properties of ZnO:Al thin film were investigated experimentally. The results show that the resistivity of the film was strongly influenced by the gas pressure and r. f. sputtering power. The electrical properties were improved with increase in sputtering power and gas pressure up to 180W and 5mTorr. However excessive supply of sputtering power limits the growth of crystalline grains due to too high deposition rate and may cause a degradation of the preferred orientation, giving high electrical resistivity. The lowest resistivity and optical transmittance were ~1.1�10-3 ?-cm and ~85%, respectively and were obtained under the experimental conditions of 180W of sputtering power and 5mTorr of gas pressure.
Dong-joo Kwak; Byung-wook Park; Youl-moon Sung; Min-woo Park
College of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability | Department of
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability College of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability College of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Vision OE recognizes that our Nation's sustained economic prosperity, quality of life, and global competitiveness depend on access to an abundance of secure, reliable, and affordable energy resources. Through a mix of technology and policy solutions, we will address the changing dynamics and uncertainties in which the electric system will operate. We will leverage effective partnerships, solid research, and best practices to address diverse interests in achieving economic, societal, and environmental objectives. Resources Explore the following topics at OE's College of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability:
End Use: March 2012 End Use: March 2012 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by State regulators. However, a number of States have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data collected on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by State Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
End Use: September 2011 End Use: September 2011 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by State regulators. However, a number of states have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by State Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
End Use: October 2013 End Use: October 2013 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by state regulators. However, a number of states have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data collected on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by state Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
End Use: January 2012 End Use: January 2012 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by state regulators. However, a number of states have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data collected on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by State Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
Electrical system architecture
An electrical system for a vehicle includes a first power source generating a first voltage level, the first power source being in electrical communication with a first bus. A second power source generates a second voltage level greater than the first voltage level, the second power source being in electrical communication with a second bus. A starter generator may be configured to provide power to at least one of the first bus and the second bus, and at least one additional power source may be configured to provide power to at least one of the first bus and the second bus. The electrical system also includes at least one power consumer in electrical communication with the first bus and at least one power consumer in electrical communication with the second bus.
Algrain, Marcelo C. (Peoria, IL); Johnson, Kris W. (Washington, IL); Akasam, Sivaprasad (Peoria, IL); Hoff, Brian D. (East Peoria, IL)
Electric Power Sector Coal Stocks: January 2012 Electric Power Sector Coal Stocks: January 2012 Stocks Above normal temperatures in January have allowed electric utilities to significantly replinish stockpiles of coal. The upswing in coal stockpiles corresponds to decreasing consumption of coal at electric generators seen in the resource use section across all regions of the country. Days of Burn Days of burn Coal capacity The average number of days of burn held at electric power plants is a forward looking estimate of coal supply given a power plant's current stockpile and past consumption patterns. Along with coal stockpiles at electric power plants, the supply of coal significantly increased in January of 2012. Total bituminous coal days of burn increased 10 percent from January 2011 to 87, while subbituminous supply increased nearly 10
End Use: December 2011 End Use: December 2011 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by state regulators. However, a number of states have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data collected on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by State Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
End Use: August 2011 End Use: August 2011 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by State regulators. However, a number of states have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average revenue per kWh by state Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
End Use: November 2011 End Use: November 2011 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by state regulators. However, a number of states have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data collected on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by State Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
End Use: February 2012 End Use: February 2012 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by State regulators. However, a number of States have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data collected on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by State Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
Electric Utility Industry Update
Electric Utility Industry Update Electric Utility Industry Update Steve Kiesner Director, National Customer Markets Edison Electric Institute FUPWG Spring 2012 April 12, 2012 Edison Electric Institute Investor-Owned Electric Companies Membership includes 200 US companies, More than 65 international affiliates and 170 associates US members Serve more than 95% of the ultimate customers in the investor-owned segment of the industry and Nearly 70% of all electric utility ultimate customers, and Our mission focuses on advocating public policy; expanding market opportunities; and providing strategic business information Agenda Significant Industry Trends Utility Infrastructure Investments Generation and Fuel Landscape
End Use: October 2011 End Use: October 2011 Retail Rates/Prices and Consumption In this section, we look at what electricity costs and how much is purchased. Charges for retail electric service are based primarily on rates approved by state regulators. However, a number of states have allowed retail marketers to compete to serve customers and these competitive retail suppliers offer electricity at a market-based price. EIA does not directly collect retail electricity rates or prices. However, using data collected on retail sales revenues and volumes, we calculate average retail revenues per kWh as a proxy for retail rates and prices. Retail sales volumes are presented as a proxy for end-use electricity consumption. Average Revenue per kWh by State Percent Change ¢ Per KWh map showing U.S. electric industry percent change in average revenue
Thermoacoustic magnetohydrodynamic electrical generator
A thermoacoustic magnetohydrodynamic electrical generator includes an intrinsically irreversible thermoacoustic heat engine coupled to a magnetohydrodynamic electrical generator. The heat engine includes an electrically conductive liquid metal as the working fluid and includes two heat exchange and thermoacoustic structure assemblies which drive the liquid in a push-pull arrangement to cause the liquid metal to oscillate at a resonant acoustic frequency on the order of 1000 Hz. The engine is positioned in the field of a magnet and is oriented such that the liquid metal oscillates in a direction orthogonal to the field of the magnet, whereby an alternating electrical potential is generated in the liquid metal. Low-loss, low-inductance electrical conductors electrically connected to opposite sides of the liquid metal conduct an output signal to a transformer adapted to convert the low-voltage, high-current output signal to a more usable higher voltage, lower current signal.
Wheatley, J.C.; Swift, G.W.; Migliori, A.
Electric power monthly
The Energy Information Administration (EIA) prepares the Electric Power Monthly (EPM) for a wide audience including Congress, Federal and State agencies, the electric utility industry, and the general public. This publication provides monthly statistics for net generation, fossil fuel consumption and stocks, quantity and quality of fossil fuels, cost of fossil fuels, electricity sales, revenue, and average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold. Data on net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and cost of fossil fuels are also displayed for the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) regions. The EIA publishes statistics in the EPM on net generation by energy source, consumption, stocks, quantity, quality, and cost of fossil fuels; and capability of new generating units by company and plant. The purpose of this publication is to provide energy decisionmakers with accurate and timely information that may be used in forming various perspectives on electric issues that lie ahead.
Advanced Materials and Devices for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage
Materials and Devices for Stationary Electrical Energy Materials and Devices for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage Applications Advanced Materials and Devices for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage Applications Reliable access to cost-effective electricity is the backbone of the U.S. economy, and electrical energy storage is an integral element in this system. Without significant investments in stationary electrical energy storage, the current electric grid infrastructure will increasingly struggle to provide reliable, affordable electricity, jeopardizing the transformational changes envisioned for a modernized grid. Investment in energy storage is essential for keeping pace with the increasing demands for electricity arising from continued growth in U.S. productivity, shifts in and continued expansion of national cultural imperatives (e.g., the distributed
Soil properties influencing apparent electrical conductivity: a review
The most common method for in situ assessment of soil salinity, namely the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil solution (EC"w), is to measure the apparent electrical conductivity (EC"a) and volumetric water content (@q) of the soil and apply measured ... Keywords: Apparent (effective) electrical conductivity, Soil salinity
Shmulik P. Friedman
Feature-based clustering for electricity use time series data
Time series clustering has been shown effective in providing useful information in various applications. This paper presents an efficient computational method for time series clustering and its application focusing creation of more accurate electricity ... Keywords: electricity distribution, electricity use data, feature extraction, feature-based clustering, load curves, time series clustering
Teemu R�s�nen; Mikko Kolehmainen
Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Sales: December 2010 - June 2013 |
Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Sales: December 2010 - June Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Sales: December 2010 - June 2013 Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Sales: December 2010 - June 2013 Sales data for various models of electric and hybrid electric vehicles from December 2010 through June 2013. 062010-092013_EV_HEV Sales.xlsx Description Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Sales: December 2010 - June 2013 (Excel) 062010-092013_EV_HEV Sales.csv Description Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Sales: December 2010 - June 2013 (CSV) 062010-092013_EV_HEV Sales.jpeg Description Chart of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Sales: December 2010 - June 2013 (JPG) More Documents & Publications Federal Reporting Recipient Information Natural Gas Imports and Exports - Second Quarter Report 2013 Federal Reporting Recipient Information
An electric blasting initiator comprises a shell, a high explosive material within the shell, and an exploding bridge wire in contact with said explosive material. (AEC)
Johnston, L.H.
Electric power annual 1992
The Electric Power Annual presents a summary of electric utility statistics at national, regional and State levels. The objective of the publication is to provide industry decisionmakers, government policymakers, analysts and the general public with historical data that may be used in understanding US electricity markets. The Electric Power Annual is prepared by the Survey Management Division; Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels; Energy Information Administration (EIA); US Department of Energy. ``The US Electric Power Industry at a Glance`` section presents a profile of the electric power industry ownership and performance, and a review of key statistics for the year. Subsequent sections present data on generating capability, including proposed capability additions; net generation; fossil-fuel statistics; retail sales; revenue; financial statistics; environmental statistics; electric power transactions; demand-side management; and nonutility power producers. In addition, the appendices provide supplemental data on major disturbances and unusual occurrences in US electricity power systems. Each section contains related text and tables and refers the reader to the appropriate publication that contains more detailed data on the subject matter. Monetary values in this publication are expressed in nominal terms.
National Electric Transmission Congestion Study Workshop - December 15, 2011 Sheraton San Diego Hotel & Marina, 1380 Harbor Island Drive, San Diego, California 92101 Agenda 8:00 am...
Electricity Advisory Committee
Electricity Advisory Committee Meeting Electricity Advisory Committee Meeting Sheraton National Hotel May 20, 2008 Minutes Members Present: Linda Stuntz, Esquire, Stuntz, Davis, and Staffier, P.C. (Chair) Yakout Mansour, California ISO (Vice Chair) Paul J. Allen, Constellation Energy Guido Bartels, IBM Gerry Cauley, SERC Reliability Corporation Jose Delgado, American Transmission Company The Honorable Jeanne Fox, New Jersey Board of Public Utilities Rob Gramlich, American Wind Energy Association The Honorable Dian Grueneich, California Public Utilities Commission Michael Heyeck, American Electric Power Hunter Hunt, Sharyland Utilities Susan Kelly, American Public Power Association Irwin Kowenski, Occidental Energy Ventures Corporation Barry Lawson, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association
... 423 and FERC-423) Contains data on electricity generation, fuel consumption, useful thermal output, fossil fuel stocks, fuel deliveries, quantity delivered, ...
Efficiency of Electric Motors
... the EEM program addresses testing the efficiency of electric ... 1 of Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standard C390, 'Energy Efficient Test ...
Report;" and predecessor forms. Imports and Exports: Mexico data - DOE, Fossil Fuels, Office of Fuels Programs, Form OE-781R, "Annual Report of International Electrical Export...
for Load by North American Electric Reliability Corporation Assessment Area, 2011 Actual, 2012-2016 Projected Net Energy (Thousands of Megawatthours) Eastern Interconnection ERCOT...
1. Receipts and Quality of Coal by Rank Delivered for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors) by State, 2011 Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite Census Division and State Receipts...
Texas Electricity Restructuring Active
Under these two bills, a pilot program would first need to prove that electricity deregulation would lower rates before the entire service area could be deregulated.
Electricity Supply Sector
Electricity Supply Sector Part 1 of 6 Supporting Documents Sector-Specific Issues and Reporting Methodologies Supporting the General Guidelines for the Voluntary
Electrical Circuit Tester
An electrical circuit testing device is provided, comprising a case, a digital voltage level testing circuit with a display means, a switch to initiate measurement using the device, a non-shorting switching means for selecting pre-determined electrical wiring configurations to be tested in an outlet, a terminal block, a five-pole electrical plug mounted on the case surface and a set of adapters that can be used for various multiple-pronged electrical outlet configurations for voltages from 100 600 VAC from 50 100 Hz.
Love, Frank (Amarillo, TX)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
... as fire safety and factory automation to cosponsoring ... This device, which was approved not long ... the new electric power distribution transformers that ...
Electric Vehicle Public Charging -
Electric Vehicle Public Charging - Time vs. Energy March, 2013 A critical factor for successful PEV adoption is the deployment and use of charging infrastructure in non-...
Electric Vehicle Fleet
A98 0577 Electric Vehicle Fleet Operations in the United States Jim Francfort Presented to: 31st International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation Dusseldorf, Germany...
Electric Power Monthly with Data for October 2012. December 2012 . Independent Statistics & Analysis . www.eia.gov . U.S. Department of Energy . ...
Electric Power Monthly with Data for August 2012. October 2012 . Independent Statistics & Analysis . www.eia.gov . U.S. Department of Energy . ...
Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies. Environment. ... �Monthly Electric Utility Sales and ... an increase in the number of ...
Electrically Deformable Liquid Marbles
Liquid marbles, which are droplets coated with a hydrophobic powder, were exposed to a uniform electric field. It was established that a threshold value of the electric field, 15 cgse, should be surmounted for deformation of liquid marbles. The shape of the marbles was described as a prolate spheroid. The semi-quantitative theory describing deformation of liquid marbles in a uniform electric field is presented. The scaling law relating the radius of the contact area of the marble to the applied electric field shows a satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
Edward Bormashenko; Roman Pogreb; Tamir Stein; Gene Whyman; Marcelo Schiffer; Doron Aurbach
Electricity & Energy Reliability
ENERGY RELIABILITY Human Capital Management Strategic Plan FY2007 Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Human Capital Management Strategic Plan September 2006...
2011 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study Workshop - December 6, 2011 Hilton Philadelphia Airport, 4509 Island Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19153 Hilton Philadelphia...
.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 Industrial Sector Electricity Bill.92 Industrial coking 25.29 0.99 25.55 Other industrial 25.35 0.99 25.61 electric utility 25.48 0.99 25ELECTRICITY APPENDIX D-4 DETAILED RESULTS APPENDIX D #12;Electricity Sector Forecast Summary Page 1
5. Receipts, Average Cost, and Quality of Fossil Fuels: Electric Utilities, 2002 - 2011 Coal Petroleum Liquids Receipts Average Cost Receipts Average Cost Period (Billion Btu)...
4. Weighted Average Cost of Fossil Fuels for the Electric Power Industry, 2002 through 2011 Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Total Fossil Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite All Coal Ranks...
1 U.S. Department of Energy 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study Western Regional Workshops December 13, 2011 - Portland, Oregon Sheraton Portland Airport Hotel...
Electric Power Annual 2004
Energy Information Administration/Electric Power Annual 2004 iii Contacts Questions regarding this report may be directed to: Energy Information Administration, EI-53
ternative Approaches for Power Capacity Markets�, Papers andand Steven Stoft, �Installed Capacity and Price Caps: Oil onElectricity Markets Have a Capacity requirement? If So, How
Electric Power Annual 2011
4.A. Summer net internal demand, capacity resources, and capacity margins by North American Electric Reliability Corporation Region" "1999 through 2011 actual, 2012-2016 projected"...
Table 5.6.A. Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State . July 2013 U.S. Energy Information Administration ...
Table 5.6.A. Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State . June 2013 U.S. Energy Information Administration ...
EIA - Electricity Data
Table A.6.A. Relative Standard Error for Retail Sales of Electricity to Ultimate Customers: by End-Use Sector, Census Division, and State, September ...
Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Vehicle Charging Circuits
Electric vehicle charging systems will be required to provide protection against electric shock due to ground faults. This report reviews the subject of electric shock, including the effects of current magnitude, frequency, duration, alternating and direct current, and supply voltage to ground. The report suggests a basis for specific safety requirements--such as a ground fault circuit interrupt--that can be included in a product safety standard covering electric vehicle charging systems to meet the 1996...
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity
Electricity Electricity Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electricity on AddThis.com... More in this section... Electricity Basics Benefits & Considerations Stations Vehicles Laws & Incentives Electricity Fuel Prices Find electricity fuel prices and trends. Electricity can be used to power all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid
Flywheel Energy Storage Device for Hybrid and Electric ...
Technology Marketing Summary This cost-effective technology stores and reuses what would otherwise be wasted energy inside a hybrid electric vehicle ...
Deregulating UK Gas and Electricity Markets: How is Competition...
markets, the effects of economic regulation on quality of service and the evolution of tariff structures in the gas and electricity markets. Catherine has advised economic...
Estimating impacts of warming temperatures on California's electricity...
energy infrastructure, including high temperature effects on power plant capacity, transmission lines, substation capacity, and peak electricity demand. End-of-century...
ETA-HTP02 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Acceleration, Gradeability...
2 Revision 0 Effective November 1, 2004 Implementation of SAE Standard J1666 May93 "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Acceleration, Gradeability, and Deceleration Test Procedure" Prepared by...
National Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Learning Demonstration Final...
national daily average miles traveled. An effective 40-mile electric range would allow electrification of more than two-thirds of the Learning Demonstration vehicle miles and...
The Market for Coal Based Electric Power Generation
DOE's initiative to effectively remove environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels for producing electricity and transportation fuels through better technology....
Analysis of data from electric and hybrid electric vehicle student competitions
The US Department of Energy sponsored several student engineering competitions in 1993 that provided useful information on electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The electrical energy usage from these competitions has been recorded with a custom-built digital meter installed in every vehicle and used under controlled conditions. When combined with other factors, such as vehicle mass, speed, distance traveled, battery type, and type of components, this information provides useful insight into the performance characteristics of electrics and hybrids. All the vehicles tested were either electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles in electric-only mode, and had an average energy economy of 7.0 km/kwh. Based on the performance of the ``ground-up`` hybrid electric vehicles in the 1993 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Challenge, data revealed a I km/kwh energy economy benefit for every 133 kg decrease in vehicle mass. By running all the electric vehicles at a competition in Atlanta at several different constant speeds, the effects of rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag were evaluated. On average, these vehicles were 32% more energy efficient at 40 km/h than at 72 km/h. The results of the competition data analysis confirm that these engineering competitions not only provide an educational experience for the students, but also show technology performance and improvements in electric and hybrid vehicles by setting benchmarks and revealing trends.
Wipke, K.B. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Hill, N.; Larsen, R.P. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)
IRRIGATION & ELECTRICAL DISTRICTS IRRIGATION & ELECTRICAL DISTRICTS ASSOCIATION OF ARIZONA R.D. JUSTICE SUITE 140 WILLIAM H. STACY PRESIDENT 340 E. PALM LANE SECRETARY-TREASURER PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85004-4603 ELSTON GRUBAUGH (602) 254-5908 ROBERT S. LYNCH VICE-PRESIDENT Fax (602) 257-9542 COUNSEL AND
IRRIGATION & ELECTRICAL DISTRICTS IRRIGATION & ELECTRICAL DISTRICTS ASSOCIATION OF ARIZONA R. GALE PEARCE SUITE 140 ELSTON GRUBAUGH PRESIDENT 340 E. PALM LANE SECRETARY-TREASURER PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85004-4603 R.D. JUSTICE (602) 254-5908 ROBERT S. LYNCH VICE-PRESIDENT Fax (602) 257-9542 ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER
Texas Electric Lighting Report
electric lighting electric lighting The SNAP House's lighting design aims for elegant simplicity in concept, use, and maintenance. Throughout the house, soft, ambient light is juxtaposed with bright, direct task lighting. All ambient and most task lighting is integrated directly into the architectural design of the house. An accent light wall between the bedroom and bathroom provides a glowing light for nighttime navigation.
ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING SEMINAR "Considerations for Curriculum Planning and Revitalization in Engineering" by Prof. Michael A. de Miranda School of Education and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Monday, Feb. 20, 2012, 11:00 a.m. Location: LSC 210 Abstract
EFCOG / DOE Electrical Safety
&D Decontamination and Decommissioning dc direct current DOE Department of Energy EFCOG Energy Facility Contractors Purpose: This tool is intended to determine the severity of an electrical energy event based reportability. Scope: This tool establishes a standardized approach for tracking and trending electrical energy
Electrically conductive diamond electrodes
An electrically conductive diamond electrode and process for preparation thereof is described. The electrode comprises diamond particles coated with electrically conductive doped diamond preferably by chemical vapor deposition which are held together with a binder. The electrodes are useful for oxidation reduction in gas, such as hydrogen generation by electrolysis.
Swain, Greg (East Lansing, MI); Fischer, Anne (Arlington, VA),; Bennett, Jason (Lansing, MI); Lowe, Michael (Holt, MI)
Electrical Demand Control
Almost every building owner or manager is interested in controlling electrical costs. Since the HVAC system is a large user of electricity, this article will discuss what can be done in the HVAC system to influence parts of the utility bill.
Eppelheimer, D. M.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of high fuel economy and low emissions with the power, range, and convenience of conventional diesel and gasoline fueling. HEV technologies also have potential to be combined with alternative fuels and fuel cells to provide additional benefits. Future offerings might also include plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Electricity Real Options Valuation
In this paper a real option approach for the valuation of real assets is presented. Two continuous time models used for valuation are described: geometric Brownian motion model and interest rate model. The valuation for electricity spread option under Vasicek interest model is placed and the formulas for parameter estimators are calculated. The theoretical part is confronted with real data from electricity market.
Broszkiewicz-Suwaj, E
Ewa Broszkiewicz-Suwaj
This presentation summarizes findings of NREL's Renewable Electricity Futures study, published in June 2012. RE Futures investigated the challenges and impacts of achieving very high renewable electricity generation levels in the contiguous United States by 2050. This presentation was presented in a Wind Powering America webinar on August 15, 2012 and is now available through the Wind Powering America website.
This presentation summarizes findings of NREL's Renewable Electricity Futures study, published in June 2012. RE Futures investigated the challenges and impacts of achieving very high renewable electricity generation levels in the contiguous United States by 2050. It was presented in a Power Systems Engineering Research Center webinar on September 4, 2012.
This presentation library summarizes findings of NREL's Renewable Electricity Futures study, published in June 2012. RE Futures investigated the challenges and impacts of achieving very high renewable electricity generation levels in the contiguous United States by 2050. It was presented in an Union of Concerned Scientists webinar on June 12, 2012.
Hand, M.; Mai, T.
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