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Why I don't use Skype much largely is the result of a savvy move from a telecom provider in Southeast Asia.
I have many friends in Asia, many of whom are not exactly rolling in money. So they can't afford a data plan on their cell phone to use Skype. But what they all can do is use Facebook, and they all can use Facebook because many telecoms in the region give Facebook access away for free while charging for other Internet access such as web browsing. This is a good way to slowly upsell consumers—and to indirectly get me to use Facebook even more than I normally would.
Similar value-added services through selective access to particular mobile applications can be seen here in the U.S., too. T-Mobile, for instance, has recently begun offering unlimited streaming Internet radio even for customers who can't step up for the larger data plans that normally would be needed to support Internet radio on a mobile device.
This is good business. It is a way that operators can help fend off the over-the-top challenge that threatens to turn telecoms into commodity businesses.
"To be innovative, service providers are finding ways to tailor their services and associated pricing to specific over-the-top application-driven consumption patterns with value-added service models," noted Steve Morin, director of product management for IP applications in Alcatel-Lucent's IP routing and transport business line in a recent TechZine article, Monetize your over-the-top mobile applications. "Application based charging and control enables you to accurately monetize a new breed of personalized service plans that have both knowledge and context of the specific underlying applications."
To be able to do this effectively, an operator must be able to parse traffic finely and have application-level identification and control functions embedded directly into the mobile gateway. But if it has this functionality in place, there are many potential avenues for monetization and differentiation.
Operators can create service packages based on social media, gaming, video or other logical groupings, for instance, and charge a monthly subscription fee for unlimited traffic around these interests. Or a provider could offer a monetary incentive based on what time of day the data was being used, noted Morin.
There are almost an infinite number of potential uses for this model, in fact. Operators just need to figure out how to use properly monetize this value-add opportunity now that mobile applications have quietly gotten customers away from thinking of Internet access as being one and the same no matter what application is using the data.]]>
Large enterprises increasingly resemble public network service providers as they manage access, transport and network routing while controlling devices and sessions. Whether businesses build their own or buy their communications services through a public provider, the IP communications architectures are looking remarkably similar.
"I've noticed that both private service operators (CIOs of large enterprises) and public service providers are implementing very similar solutions around the globe," wrote Oliver Krahn in a recent TechZine article, 6 Steps that Improve Communications Services.
Link for graphic.
He has noticed that successful service providers are all more or less taking the following six steps when it comes to building their IP communications architecture. Firms building out their communications services would be wise to pay attention.
First, firms are moving to an IP communications architecture to enable a whole new conversation experience. With so many communications options, the value of having a unified inbox that collects all of these communications services is invaluable to users. And this means moving to all-IP.
Second, APIs are being used to expose network-based IP communications applications.
"This lets them share innovation opportunities with partners while developing carrier-grade and real-time web-communications strategies that keep them current on new modes of communications," noted Krahn. "Beyond this, more visionary CIOs are exploring next-generation IP communications architectures that may replace today's PSTN."
Third, content strategies are being adjusted to take advantage of on-net content delivery networks at the network edge and transparent caching to handle the volume of video data now being moved across the network.
Fourth, they are using small cell networks to avoid bottlenecks and access gaps.
"By deploying multi-standard, small-cell base stations, a large enterprise can achieve cost-effective 3G, 4G and Wi-Fi connectivity," noted Krahn. "It can then be handed over to a trusted mobile provider to light them up with licensed spectrum. In-building coverage for any size venue and any number of users is also part of the mix; so is reducing the cost of delivering ultra-broadband access in a multi-operator deployment with low-cost digital distributed antenna systems."
Converged virtual private networks also are being employed to deliver a seamless experience to enterprise users. Enterprise service gateways (ESGs) offer a seamless experience to enterprise users independent of the access bearer and the device. They deliver scalability, high performance and carrier-grade resiliency for VPN services.
This combination of capabilities allows the ESG to concurrently replace the mobile gateway (PGW, GGSN), PE router and border gateway, simplifying the network.
Finally, Krahn has noticed that successful solutions are leveraging cloud-based applications and network functions virtualization (NFV).
"Private and public service providers are realizing that the future of telecommunications networks will be based on virtualizing key network functions," he noted. "These cloud platform components ease service deployment, automate management and clear the path to cost-effective growth. At the same time, NFV-ready applications, an advanced NFV platform and an NFV partner ecosystem are crucial for achieving the goals of cloud-based applications."
As noted, Alcatel-Lucent has a white paper, Six Steps to Attractive Communications Services, that fully outlines these six steps used by successful communication service providers, whether enterprises or public providers.
Most mobile traffic is consumed indoors, and operators need to get a better grip on serving this market since it is a huge one.
Roughly 80 percent of mobile traffic is now consumed in-building, according to a recent Gartner study, whether mobile bandwidth is consumed in a public space, a shopping mall, or at the office. The total market for in-building services is estimated to be $4.3 billion currently, according to ABI research, and it is expected to grow to $8.5 billion by 2019.
Business leaders recognize the need, too; 72 percent of businesses are interested in enterprise cells that can boost performance on their premises. An Alcatel-Lucent infographic tells the tale.
Source: Alcatel-Lucent (for larger view)
That's a big opportunity.
Yet mobile operators have several challenges they must face when it comes to in-building wireless.
"Mobile operators have a number of challenges really," noted Mat Leaver, head of Alcatel-Lucent's in-building small-cells solutions group, in a recent video. "There is no one size fits all. There's no standard building; they come in different sizes, they are built with different materials that affect the RF; and they can't even get their mobile signal in there."
Alcatel-Lucent has been working on a number of solutions to serve the needs of in-building small cells and enterprise cells.
"We have three real solutions we're focusing on," noted Leaver. "We have a distributed antenna system we've been working with to really revolutionize DAS and make it more friendly in terms of CAPEX and how much space it takes up in a building. From that, we have DRS [distributed radio systems systems] where we use our metro radio unit and that's really good for tackling stadiums and high-capacity venues."
Then, of course, Alcatel-Lucent also has an indoor small-cell solution that offers both 3G and WiFi, enabling providers to offer mobile broadband even in highly congested areas and where buildings limit radio signal coverage.
Such end-to-end services can essentially eliminate in-building challenges such as indoor clutter, network design, RF interference, cell optimization and installation. And if data from Gartner and others is to be believed, this is an urgent need.
Most mobile traffic is consumed indoors, and operators need to get a better grip on serving this market since it is a huge one.
Roughly 80 percent of mobile traffic is now consumed in-building, according to a recent Gartner study, whether mobile bandwidth is consumed in a public space, a shopping mall, or at the office. The total market for in-building services is estimated to be $4.3 billion currently, according to ABI research, and it is expected to grow to $8.5 billion by 2019.
Business leaders recognize the need, too; 72 percent of businesses are interested in enterprise cells that can boost performance on their premises. An Alcatel-Lucent infographic tells the tale.
Source: Alcatel-Lucent (for larger view)
That's a big opportunity.
Yet mobile operators have several challenges they must face when it comes to in-building wireless.
"Mobile operators have a number of challenges really," noted Mat Leaver, head of Alcatel-Lucent's in-building small-cells solutions group, in a recent video. "There is no one size fits all. There's no standard building; they come in different sizes, they are built with different materials that affect the RF; and they can't even get their mobile signal in there."
Alcatel-Lucent has been working on a number of solutions to serve the needs of in-building small cells and enterprise cells.
"We have three real solutions we're focusing on," noted Leaver. "We have a distributed antenna system we've been working with to really revolutionize DAS and make it more friendly in terms of CAPEX and how much space it takes up in a building. From that, we have DRS [distributed radio systems systems] where we use our metro radio unit and that's really good for tackling stadiums and high-capacity venues."
Then, of course, Alcatel-Lucent also has an indoor small-cell solution that offers both 3G and WiFi, enabling providers to offer mobile broadband even in highly congested areas and where buildings limit radio signal coverage.
Such end-to-end services can essentially eliminate in-building challenges such as indoor clutter, network design, RF interference, cell optimization and installation. And if data from Gartner and others is to be believed, this is an urgent need.
There's been a lot of debate within the industry about VoLTE's readiness and how it stacks up against 3G voice and applications like Skype.
Now Signals Research Group (SRG), a leading field research and consulting services leader covering the wireless telecommunications industry, has closely studied the performance of VoLTE, 3G and Skype in AT&T's commercial network and issued their report. As we noted last week, SRG conducted that independent network benchmark study in Minneapolis-St. Paul, in collaboration with Spirent Communications. This is a market where Alcatel-Lucent provides the infrastructure, so I'm particularly glad to share this report with my friends and colleagues who've helped design, deploy and optimize VoLTE.
During June and July, SRG tested VoLTE, 3G and Skype for everyday conditions, including stationary and mobile locations, strong and weak radio coverage, and under a variety of network loading and multi-tasking conditions. The tests evaluated voice quality, call setup time, call reliability, eSRVCC handovers, network resource utilization, and battery life.
For subscribers, SRG concluded VoLTE delivers superior call quality even for weak radio coverage and loaded networks, along with faster connectivity and substantially less battery drain. For the operator, VoLTE consumed fewer network resources than Skype.
The SRG report states: "Whenever we do these types of studies we are always fearful that the results will fall short of our expectations and we will be in the precarious position of telling proud parents that their baby is less than beautiful. Fortunately we were not faced with this situation after completing the first part of the VoLTE study. VoLTE generally lived up to our expectations."
The SRG results should settle the industry debate. A voice app such as Skype was shown to require a sunny day situation in order to sound good: strong radio signals, little network loading, and no multi-tasking. VoLTE works all the time, including everyday conditions. VoLTE's audio fidelity is better: our voice tones are richer and warmer, and we don't have annoying latency or lost audio during calls. Plus VoLTE provided significantly longer battery life than Skype, and only a bit less than 3G.
VoLTE's user experience also beats 3G Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB). Calls were setup nearly twice as fast as CSFB. VoLTE's voice quality was measurably higher due to intrinsic AMR-WB, which isn't in that 3G UMTS network. Particularly important for today's data-hungry people, VoLTE subscribers get faster broadband, because LTE is always available, including voice calls.
SRG also measured how VoLTE provides efficient network utilization. Its design shrinks the packet header so that it consumes less radio bandwidth (Robust Header Compression); it requires fewer scheduling grants and resource blocks; it provides better coverage (TTI-Bundling); and it takes greater advantage of techniques such as discontinuous reception or transmission (DRX, DTX). When compared to Skype that means VoLTE ensures the LTE cell has more capacity for broadband data services.
For consumers and enterprises, VoLTE is the clear winner. It provides a superior experience while simplifying everyday communications. VoLTE enables anyone to talk clearly while simultaneously browsing the Web, downloading videos, sending emails, playing games or sharing content at LTE speeds.]]>
In our never ending quest to deliver higher capacity networks and more effectively deliver a true broadband experience to wireless consumers, our industry continuously engages in vigorous debates about new technology, architecture, and processes followed by rapid acceptance and adoption.
I only look to small cells as an example, where the industry has quickly evolved from a macro-centric view that small cells were an unnecessary nuisance, to the current view where they are accepted as necessary for scaling the network and create compelling new opportunities for network optimization, efficiency and applications. With the small cell debate behind us, we have turned to new ones: How should we use unlicensed or shared spectrum? How do we enable a centralized SON layer in the field that works across multiple vendors? How do we integrate small cells with a virtualized or cloud RAN architecture? …and the list goes on.
One debate, which appears to have not yet achieved uniform acceptance and adoption, is around the concept of building multi-vendor networks. I have long held the position that for wireless networks to scale long into the future, it is important to leverage best in class technologies and solutions even if that means allowing for wireless networks to be built with technologies from multiple vendors.
This view most certainly goes against the prevailing model where the network is sub-divided into the RAN and the Core, and everything in the RAN for a given region, country, or circle was provided by a single vendor (mono-vendor). The typical justifications for deciding on a mono-vendor strategy range from technical to operational, but as we move from a macro network to a heterogeneous network, I believe we should challenge these long-held positions.
I'll admit, I am heavily influenced by reading Christenson's "Innovator's Dilemma" early in my career, which cemented in my mind that status quo is often fiercely justified for the purpose of protecting a position, often a financial position, but we should never fear disruption and innovation if it could open a new pathway to something better. I can't bring myself to believe that our industry will capitalize on our opportunities if we cling to our mono-vendor legacy.
For that reason, I accept multi-vendor, I push multi-vendor, I embrace multi-vendor, and I enable multi-vendor heterogeneous networks. Time and time again, we have proven in the field that technical barriers, like shared carrier, X2 interop, interference management, carrier aggregation, CoMP, SON, and even the up and coming cloud RAN architectures do not present insurmountable technical problems to handle in a multi-vendor heterogeneous network (macro and small cells from multiple vendors). Believe it or not, it can work and it does - surprisingly well. But for it to continue to work, we as an industry have to put this debate to bed and memorialize multi-vendor as the way we are willing to build networks of the future.
Recently, my team supported a hetnet 'Plugfest' event organised by the Small Cell Forum, in partnership with ETSI, and hosted by the ORANGE Labs in Paris, where we demonstrated successfully that multi-vendor works with our small cell portfolio interoperating with macros from a different vendor, and other small cells working with an Alcatel-Lucent macro. This didn't surprise me, because we have already demonstrated this repeatedly in commercial networks, but it was great to demonstrate this in a more open setting. I really appreciate the leadership of both the Small Cells Forum and ETSI in promoting multi-vendor networks.
I am proud to say that a number of influential wireless operators, who continuously define and industrialize new wireless architectures, are beginning to support multi-vendor hetnets through their commercial awards. And I am excited to see that new wireless entrants with wireline heritages accept multi-vendor by default, as that was their legacy. However, it concerns me that some still hold true to the mono-vendor story. Wireless operators should have the option to build a best-in-class network using innovative solutions from multiple vendors. As an industry, we cannot afford to stifle our growth.
Packet microwave rings are catching on as the network topology of choice for network operators when it comes to microwave backhaul networks.
Daisy chain and tree network topologies have historically been used for packet microwave due to bandwidth inefficiencies associated with the SDH/SONET protocols that historically made ring networks inefficient. All that has change with the introduction of ITU-T G.8032v2, a new standard that takes the place of SDH/SONET networking capabilities.
"This standard was designed to address IP and LTE backhaul requirements while also efficiently exploiting the inherent advantages of ring based network topologies," noted Paolo Volpato, Product Strategy Manager, Wireless Transmission at Alcatel-Lucent in a recent TechZine posting, Packet Microwave Rings Optimize Capacity and TCO.
The new standard sends traffic in two directions around a ring, so network capacity is doubled. It also reduces capital expenditures by eliminating the need for fully protected sites.
Volpato reported that not only were there microwave capacity and availability advantages with the new ring-based approach in an analysis of a live operator deployment of the technology in the Middle East and Africa region, but the ring approach also resulted in the need for 36 percent fewer microwave radio outdoor units (ODU). This was despite the fact that the ring based approach required a few more interconnected microwave network sites/links (23 versus 18) to create ring topologies.
"The significant reduction of ODUs is due to the fact that higher capacity sites in the daisy chain model need 8 ODUs per high capacity microwave connection, whereas the ring approach only requires 4 ODUs per microwave connection," he noted.
Less ODUs means less couplers are needed, too. The network that was analyzed did not even need any couplers, whereas a daisy chain approach would have required couplers to bring channels on to the same antenna, adding to the daisy chain deployment cost.
Almost 80 percent of the antennas in the deployment had a diameter of either one or two feet.
"This size reduction is extremely important since smaller size antennas require less space on microwave towers and reduced installation effort, further minimizing network TCO," Volpato stressed.
Overall, the use of a ring network topology with ITU-T G.8032v2 is hard to ignore when it comes to scaling microwave capacity.]]>
The reasons for deploying voice over LTE (VoLTE) are simple and straightforward. The service delivers better voice quality, boosts efficiency and opens up a wider world of revenue opportunities. But the process of deploying VoLTE is more intricate. And it involves unique considerations that are still unfamiliar to many wireless network providers.
That's why we're launching a new blog series, based on my interviews with our VoLTE experts. Each blog will offer key lessons and tips to help your VoLTE deployment proceed smoothly and successfully. These insights come straight from our team's experience with leading VoLTE deployments in North America.
Why you need an expert viewpoint
VoLTE is not like other data implementations. It brings together mobility and VoIP, delivering the best mobile voice, reliable service and global simplicity. It's a service your subscribers can count on, for when communication matters. That means customers' expectations are higher. And satisfying those expectations, with carrier-grade quality, presents special challenges and new factors to consider.
For example, VoLTE is an end-to-end service, crossing all three layers of the LTE network (access, packet core, communications core) and the subscriber's smartphone. There are new and challenging points of failure. And the service design must account for end-to-end transport quality, coverage conditions and quality of service. Even when LTE network data KPIs are currently being met, they may not be satisfactory for a real-time service such as voice.
Our experts have gained a unique understanding of the best ways to address these special requirements. The team's knowledge comes from years in the field, working on large-scale VoLTE networks that are committed to "doing VoLTE right." The lessons they've learned can help you reduce costs and risk, while accelerating time to market for your new services.
What we'll look at
Being the only vendor today working in all three layers of the major VoLTE deployments in North America, Alcatel-Lucent experts have a unique view into what's essential for success. As a result, they can point out the most common issues — and where they occur. Explain what you're most likely to overlook, if you don't have VoLTE expertise. And offer best practices for handling these challenges. Here are some of the key questions our blogs will discuss:
The Alcatel-Lucent VoLTE team's experience and real-world knowledge provide the value of this new blog series. These experts are at the forefront of today's most important deployments. So they understand VoLTE requirements in each network domain. And they also have a crucial cross-domain viewpoint — which is essential for designing, launching and optimizing the performance of this end-to-end service. Each expert I'm interviewing has over a decade of experience with wireless products and services. And they are currently solution architects within Alcatel-Lucent Wireless Services or IP Platforms teams.
The next blog in this series examines why an end-to-end strategy is crucial for a successful VoLTE launch. You'll get insights from Micky Choi, who provides IMS engineering expertise for new services, and from Luis Venerio, who provides VoLTE Readiness Services for some of the world's largest wireless operators.
Click here to subscribe to our series. To join the discussion on Twitter, follow #VoLTE, or connect with @JeanSJones or @EdElkin1.
Businesses are always looking for new and better ways to reduce costs and boost productivity. For decades, they've relied on customer premise systems that are increasingly inflexible and costly for today's needs. Now, voice over LTE (VoLTE) and cloud changes that old scenario, enabling the enterprise CIO to implement a mobile-first strategy that includes an ever-changing application mixture. It gives enterprises a way to cut costs dramatically for employees who are on the move — while setting the stage to enhance all employees' productivity.
This opportunity is a generational shift for Enterprises and Service Providers. I'll discuss the mobile aspect in this blog — the second in my three-part series on the value of VoLTE. You should also check out Bryan Davies' blog series to hear his ideas on how you can meet the changing needs of the enterprise.
Who needs a desk phone?
That's the crucial question in today's enterprise. More and more employees are on the move. And they're not just on the road, visiting customers, visiting work sites and handling cases. They're also working from home much more, hoteling when they're at work, or otherwise moving around the campus.
So why is the enterprise paying for all those desk phones — which don't offer much support for this growing level of mobility? If their employees are like me, the desk phone is for the rare occasion when I'm in my office. And for the rarer occasions that I remember to check its voice mail.
Implementing VoLTE with cloud gives CIOs a way to address this growing inefficiency, so they can do more with tight budgets. They can implement it with a Service Provider, or by acting as an MVNO in partnership with a Service Provider. First, those costly, limited desk phones are eliminated for any employee who benefits from mobility. Second, it adds rich IP communications, creating multi-device (including web) conversations that blend HD audio, video, and modern messaging. Third, it equips the enterprise with an ever-changing mix of applications, where Communications as a Feature (CaaF) puts the conversation inside the IT application. The result is employees get more work done, wherever they are, while the CIO cuts costs. When analyzing that first step for a current enterprise customer, we calculated that VoLTE reduces their communications IT costs by 17 percent.
To get an idea of just how VoLTE contributes to productivity, let's look at how I would use it on an average work day.
Simplicity, mobility and speed
Doing more things on the move
Once the groundwork for lower costs and higher productivity is established, VoLTE supports a variety of ways to communicate and use IP-based business capabilities. I think of this as an ever-increasing array of "cool stuff" that VoLTE enables. While that cool stuff was previously the domain of so-called "Over the Top" or alternative providers, VoLTE equips the enterprise and the Service Provider to innovate, because VoLTE combines cloud-based communications with nifty radio optimizations. It combines innovation with a simply great user-experience.
By providing versatility, economy, high performance and new ways to support employees on the move, VoLTE plays a crucial role in helping the enterprise cut the cord. The process can be as nuanced as the CIO wants it to be, because VoLTE's cloud communications platform also supports fixed enterprises and unified communications. Or for a small enterprise, they might want to mobilize the whole staff and move directly to VoLTE. They'd simply be following in the footsteps of so many consumers, who have already benefited by cutting the cord.
In my next blog, I'll talk about how VoLTE offers you the opportunity to reset the market with your consumer customers.
Past articles in this series:
- The secret value of VoLTE
Click here to subscribe to our series and for more information on IMS, VoLTE and NFV. To join the discussion, connect with Ed on Twitter and follow #VoLTE.
Metro networks are expected to grow in traffic by 560 percent by 2017, according to a recent Alcatel-Lucent TechZine post, Retool Metro Transport Networks with Packet-Optimized WDM. That's because, thanks to the cloud and increasing video usage, the percentage of overall network data is increasingly happening in metro networks. In 2012, 57 percent of data traffic terminated in the metro network. By 2017, according to Alcatel-Lucent estimates, 75 percent will terminate in metro networks.
The short-term solution is to add bandwidth through the addition of higher capacity 100G-capable transport systems. But this is only a quick fix.
"Service providers are realizing that current networks are not efficiently filling the 100G pipes with the mix of packet traffic," noted Alcatel-Lucent's Dave Brown in the blog, which also has an accompanying metro transport network podcast. "This issue will only exacerbate in the more complex and dynamic nature of metro networks. Some analysts indicate that 100G market adoption is now only at about 10 percent of its peak i.e. it's the higher volume metro market that will drive 100G to mass market volumes."
The longer-term solution is leveraging a cloud-optimized metro network approach using integrated packet transport solutions. This packet-optimized WDM approach is more holistic than just adding bandwidth because it is not only scalable but also an agile and efficient network.
A packet-optimized WDM is optimized for scalability with metro-tuned, programmable 100G and 200G options and with multilayer, multiservice switching, and it should use an integrated layer 2 over WDM solution for maximum efficiency and performance, according to Brown.
It also should be MEF Carrier Ethernet (CE) 2.0 certified for all MEF service types – E-Line, E-LAN, E-Tree and E-Access, and be a solution that leverages a proven OS across the optical and Ethernet/IP/MPLS platforms for the benefits of a common service, operational and management model.
With an increasing amount of data terminating within the metro network, adding bandwidth is not enough. The network also must be more agile, taking advantage of the bandwidth it is given.
Whether providers will take the long-term approach or look for a quick fix is still unknown, but the correct solution to the problem is obvious.
As leaders in Europe debate whether the EU is "back" during the World Economic Forum, the region is increasingly falling behind when it comes to telecommunications, according to Alcatel-Lucent CEO Michel Combes.
"There is a real danger," noted Combes in a recent blog post on Europe's digital divide (published in the Wall Street Journal, "that Europe is losing ground in the information era."
That's because there is an increasing gap between what the latest smartphones can deliver and what Europe's telecommunications companies can support due to a price war that inhibits infrastructure upgrades.
"Europe is locked in a vicious circle of competition focused exclusively on price, one that forces operators to reduce their investments and destroys their innovation capacity," noted Combes. "This type of competition is bad news for a digital Europe and its consumers."
The digital agenda in Europe needs to be reset by the likes of the European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association (ETNO) and others. Telecommunications investment in the order of between €110 and €170 billion will be needed by 2020 if the region is to keep pace with the rest of the world in terms of cellular infrastructure and innovation. Failure could cost Europe €750 billion in lost GDP growth, and as many as 5.5 million highly-skilled jobs for young qualified European graduates.
"That's a high price to pay for accepting life in a slow-motion telecoms world," he noted.
What Europe must do, first and foremost, is move to an all-IP network infrastructure, supported by a virtualized infrastructures based on cloud technology.
Combes also suggested that Europe must invest more in applications and analytics and capabilities such as SDN and NFV.
"Today eight out of the top 10 global Internet platforms are American," he wrote, and the two others are Chinese. "A new model of international work distribution seems to be taking shape in which the profitable operators are in the U.S. and the American Internet platforms are taking most of the residual value in Europe, while the application development centers are in India and the manufacturing is in China."
Europe led the way when it came to 3G deployment, but now it is being left behind.
To fix the problem, operators need to end a competition model that is only based on reducing prices in the short term. Spectrum allocation also needs to be reviewed, and shared and efficient policies on net neutrality must be crafted to allow operators to differentiate themselves and revive investment.
"We also need to come back down to earth and stop thinking that the telecom sector can continue with 120 operators in Europe, subject to rules and procedures that change from one country to another," Combes boldly wrote.
If Europe is not to fall too far behind, its digital agenda must tackle the recent decline in telecommunications. Importantly, as Combes stated, it must do so with a sense of urgency and purpose.
The story of 4G LTE is not just the massive infrastructure upgrade, it also is one of intense subscriber adoption as the increased data transfer capabilities of 4G LTE make themselves known.
The number of active LTE subscribers jumped an average of 20 percent per month in 2013, according to a recent Alcatel-Lucent blog post by network intelligence general manager, Patrick Tan.
"This figure represents subscribers that actively use the LTE service, not merely the number of activations stated in financials reports," he noted. "At this rate, an operator with 500,000 active LTE subscribers at the beginning of the year would have 1,615,000 LTE users at the end of that year (a little over 3 times the number of LTE subscribers in the span of 12 months)."
LTE data volumes also are growing at a rapid rate, according to network analytics from Alcatel-Lucent and its Wireless Network Guardian solution. LTE data volumes have been growing at an astounding 31 percent per month on average.
"This gain was consistent, independent of data plans offered, smartphones supported or even the level of smartphone penetration," noted Tan. "This volume growth has positively impacted revenues for this group: mobile data revenues increased by an average of 12.3 percent year over year while mobile data ARPU increase by 14.4 percent for the same period."
LTE is proving to be good for CAPEX, too.
The Wireless Network Guardian data shows that with the rise of LTE data use, there is a corresponding decrease in 3G use. The volume of 3G use, which requires much more of an operator's allocated spectrum, is decreasing an average of 3.4 percent per month as LTE traffic scales up. This decreased use of 3G resources can then start to be reallocated to the more efficient LTE network.
"We know beyond a doubt that if you build LTE, subscribers will want to use it," stated Tan in his blog post. "That is certainly true in the North American market where providers do not charge a premium for the higher speeds that LTE offers. The adoption rate and volume generated speaks to the demand for higher speed."
The next step for operators is shifting to subscriber retention and increased ARPU from LTE. As subscribers realize the benefits of LTE, it is about converting existing 3G users to LTE in an attempt to keep them and capture more revenues from the continued increase in data usage experienced on LTE networks.
The glass can be half empty or half full when it comes to mobile broadband.
On the one hand, data usage is growing at exponential rates, and seems to be no end in sight. In fact, it is projected that by 2017, the monthly mobile broadband usage of the average subscriber will reach 5 GB, according to research from Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs.
On the other hand, the emergence of LTE enables operators to more cost-effectively monetize this traffic demand by rolling out quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees for sensitive data traffic such as voice-over-LTE (VoLTE), as well as other data service packages that until recently did not make sense.
Finding the glass half full from the emerging data storm requires some planning when rolling out LTE, however. Network optimization is not a given. While LTE flattens IP traffic and enables new business models it also introduces new problems. Chief among them is increased network signaling rates.
Signaling rates are much higher with LTE over 2G and 3G systems, according to research from Alcatel-Lucent. Conservative estimates paint the networking signaling load increase at 166 percent with LTE. The reasons for the increase include heightened mobile application use on such networks, chatty apps, device idle-to-active and active to idle transitions and frequent LTE/3G/Wi-Fi/small cells coverage handovers.
To handle this increase, operators must ensure that they have an evolved packet core that efficiently deals with this signal load increase. It needs to be split into a mobile gateway that represents the service edge of the LTE network, and a mobility management entity.
"Gone are the 2G/3G days of setting up a big fat, best-effort pipe, sending everything through and hoping for the best," noted a recent Alcatel-Lucent blog post By Pat McCabe and Dave Nowoswiat, Product and Solutions Marketing, IP Routing and Transport, Alcatel-Lucent, entitled, Evolved Packet Core: at the heart of LTE's global momentum . The authors note that, "To meet these data processing and capacity requirements, the EPC mobile gateways (GW) – the Serving GW and Packet data network GW – are best suited to an IP router-based platform – specifically one with separate and dedicated processors for control, packet forwarding and deep packet inspection."
They further explain that on the mobility management entity side of things, operators need to make sure that they are built with high-performance CPUs in a low cost industry standard computing platform to cost-effectively maintain performance.
The recognition that a beefed up evolved packet core is the way and wave of the future can be seen in recent work done by Infonetics Research who has estimated that the evolved packet core market will balloon to $8 billion by the end of 2017.
Whether operators take the glass as being half full or half empty, one thing is clear: There's a data storm, winners will be determined by how they handle it and an evolved packet core is going to be a central piece of the equation for success.
The demand for oil and gas capabilities has never been greater and continues to grow. In fact, world energy needs are expected to increase by roughly 40 percent by 2030, according to the International Energy Agency, with the fast-developing China and India leading the way in energy consumption growth. The demand for oil is expected to grow by 20 percent, and gas needs should expand during this time by 50 percent. As much as dependency on fossil fuels is seen as needing to be reigned in, clearly oil and gas demand is going to go up despite greater reliance on alternatives. .
With that said, meeting energy needs is getting more complex. Hydrocarbon delivery is challenged by the fact that so much of the relatively low-hanging fruit has been plucked. The energy reserves of the future will increasingly come from deep-sea drilling, tar sands mining and other more challenging methods. Hydrocarbon delivery also will have to travel farther distances.
To effectuate cost-effective and efficient exploration and fuel deliveries in more challenging environments, it has become paramount that gas and oil communications be upgraded to next generation capabilities.
"Maximizing production in these settings has become essential, yet the greater the geological barriers to easy extraction, the greater price, security and safety risks any given project faces," noted a recent paper by Alcatel-Lucent, DYNAMIC COMMUNICATIONS for Oil & Gas.
Alcatel-Lucent has worked with energy customers for decades and as stated in the headline has focused on three key areas to help oil and gas companies reach hydrocarbons faster, farther, and safer.
"Clearly, the need to minimize risk, ensure the safety of personnel and protect the integrity of plant, pipeline, platform and wellhead projects, plus deal with highly dynamic market factors, has increased the need for new business and operational models," noted the company in the paper. "This is where technology serves as the cornerstone for innovative and winning solutions."
Communications speed is needed to help connect distant sites with the energy company central offices, and to deliver real-time and highly resilient communications solutions to deal with the changing conditions on the ground.
Being able to go farther with gas and oil communications means there can be better supervision and more cost-effective operations.
"Challenges include monitoring and troubleshooting remote and hard to access wellheads, pipelines and collection points," noted the paper. "Just as important is the ongoing comfort, and productivity of one of the most valuable assets of any company — its workforce." Workers cut off in an oil rig far out at sea need as many creature-comforts as they can get. That means good communication with family and the outside world.
Cutting edge communications also can help with safety.
A flexible network ensures that there is end-to-end safety of physical assets, personnel and data. The network must support a wide variety of standards, work across both legacy and IP-based networks, and have good uptime to deliver on this safety need.
Alcatel-Lucent helps the industry get there with its end-to-end oil and gas solutions. It offers a converged, multiservice, mission-critical Wide Area Network (WAN) composed of: microwave; optical and IP/MPLS products; mobile/wireless networks that include WiFi, WiMAX, 3G, 4G/LTE, TETRA/P25; analogue UHF/VHF, dispatchers and applications; integrated SCADA and CCTV; and integrated navigational aids, meteorological instruments, entertainment systems and operations control center systems.
The thirst for energy resources is seemingly unquenchable, and the fact that increasingly hard to reach places need to be explored and brought online, is putting a premium on having next generation dynamic communications to assure operational excellence regardless of where location or climate.
LTE is the future of the network. That much is no longer in dispute in dispute.
Mobile network operators are embracing IP-based networks, and the numbers prove it. By the end of 2013, predicts the GSMA, there will be 260 commercial LTE networks in 93 countries.
"Telecom operators like IP-based networks because they are interoperable and flexible," noted Patrick McCabe, Senior Product Marketing Manager, Alcatel-Lucent, in a recent TechZine article, 3 Reasons for an IP-Optimized Mobile Gateway. "This makes them easy to modify as new IP-based functions, features, and applications become available."
But getting there could have some bumps unless mobile network operators improve their mobile gateways, leveraging enhancements to their wireless packet cores. The mobile gateway needs to be IP-optimized if it is going to deal with the deluge of traffic that has begun and will only get worse as users get their hands on the fast speeds that come with LTE.
In particular, packet core signaling is one of the challenges that operators will face with their existing mobile gateway equipment.
Alcatel-Lucent and its research arm, Bell Labs, have shown conclusively that packet core signaling volumes, even in the early stages of LTE deployments, are significantly higher than those from 2G and 3G networks. Indeed, the sheer volume will be a challenge. The rate of data use will grow more than 15,000 petabytes at a 90 percent compound annual growth rate through the end of 2016.
Further, there will be a large shift in the requirements of the data plane for most networks as they shift to the better performing but more deterministic quality-of-service (QoS)-driven infrastructure. Voice-over-LTE (VoLTE) is a good example of the increased requirement needs for the data plane.
"I believe this move to LTE networks will overwhelm the legacy mobile gateway," wrote McCabe. "Most existing mobile gateway products were developed when control and data rates were low enough that the scalability of both could be concurrently handled by common CPU-based forwarding architectures. These architectures often traded off control plane scalability with data plane scalability. Increase one and the other falls."
What is needed is an architecture that separates the data plane from the packet core signaling.
"The IP-Optimized MGW needs to be built for scalability and growth of packet processing demands," noted McCabe. "The The MNO must be assured that performance will not suffer as the platform is pushed to its stated limits on number of bearer channels, throughput, SDFs and other parameters."
IP-based networks bring many benefits. However, they also show that there are substantial challenges ahead and that care must be taken to assure appropriate upgrades are in place and that deployments are done correctly to avoid major challenges as the data storm now hitting wireless networks only increases in ferocity.


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HoopsHype Joel Embiid rumors
Sixers fans are quick to point out that Philly has already drafted two big men in the last two drafts in Nerlens Noel and Joel Embiid. But several NBA sources said Philly could easily trade one of their current bigs if they opt to draft Okafor at No. 1 (assuming they get the No. 1 pick). "They will probably trade one of the bigs they currently have instead of Okafor," one NBA source said. ZagsBlog.com
On Friday, Embiid returned to the United States, flying into New York City on a connecting flight through Paris and traveling the rest of the way to Philadelphia by car to attend the Sixers' game that evening against the Bulls. "It was great having Joel Embiid back," said head coach Brett Brown after the game. "The team welcomed him with open arms. For him to have walked into the locker room and to be a part of the huddle before we got going out to play, he's a valued member of this team, and everybody welcomed him as they should. It was good to have a teammate back." NBA.com
Tom Moore: #NBA releases official rosters. Johnson, Davies and Sampson make it. Embiid, J-Rich and J Grant on inactive list. #Sixers Twitter @tmoore76ers
Rookie center Joel Embiid is still in Cameroon for Saturday's funeral for his younger brother, Arthur, who was killed in a car accident. Mbah a Moute flew to Africa on Wednesday to attend the funeral. Philadelphia Inquirer
Bob Cooney: Joel Embiid's 14 year-old brother was tragically killed in an accident involving a vehicle. Twitter @BobCooney76
Brown confirmed that Embiid flew to Africa yesterday to be with his parents. "We're just trying to make sure that he's got a team and people to care for him," Brown said. "It's a horrific tragedy in his family and, for him to be away from his country and to be away from his family in a time like this, you just try to do your best to help him to get through this. Only time will have a chance to heal it. [Thursday] was a long day." Philadelphia Inquirer
Sixers head coach Brett Brown gathered his team on Friday afternoon before practicing at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. He said he talked "very quickly" about Thursday's preseason loss to Boston before moving on "to the most important thing." He told all the players that they needed to find a way to reach out - on their own terms - to Joel Embiid. Brown told the team that "their friend, their teammate" had went through an "incredible, personal tragedy." The rookie center left the team on Thursday after learning that his 13-year-old brother Arthur had died in Cameroon. Arn Tellem, Embiid's agent, said Embiid's brother died in a car accident. "The motive is to just do the right thing," said Brown. "It's just trying to help him in a terrible time. To see a young man have to go through that and to be with him while he's going through that initial news, there are no words that you can choose to describe that." Philadelphia Inquirer
Joel Embiid: RIP for my brother who died at the age of 13. The bad thing is that I hadn't seen since I left Cameroon 4 years ago and all these days, I was just thinking about next summer so I have a chance to finally see him again..... GOD has a plan for all of us. We just gotta pray. HES GONNA BE MISSED #RIP #WHYHIM http://instagram.com/p/uRF2wTFrqs/ Instagram
The following is a statement from Philadelphia 76ers President of Basketball Operations and General Manager Sam Hinkie on behalf of the organization: "Our thoughts and prayers are with Joel and the Embiid family. "To learn that you have lost a sibling or a child is unfathomable. We are poorly designed for that kind of loss. To receive that news while 6,000 miles away from your family is more than any of us are equipped to handle alone. Joel is not alone. "Joel's sister was able to travel to Philadelphia last night and the two of them are currently on their way to Cameroon." NBA.com
Dan Gelston: 76ers president Sam Hinkie says team supports Joel Embiid in time of need. "Joel is not alone." Twitter @APgelston
The family suffered a major loss yesterday and it had nothing to do with basketball. Arthur Embiid, the younger brother of Sixers rookie center Joel Embiid, died yesterday in Africa. There were no details of how he died, from the Sixers or elsewhere Joel Embiid is from Cameroon and the family still lives there. Brown, general manager Sam Hinkie and teammate Luc Richard Mbah a Moute, also from Cameroon and a mentor to the rookie out of Kansas, skipped last night's preseason game against the Boston Celtics to be with the 20-year-old. Philadelphia Inquirer
"It's definitely a tough situation, and my prayers go out to Jo-Jo and his family," guard Tony Wroten said. "It's tough to lose anybody, especially somebody as close as your brother. I can only imagine what he is going through. We will definitely keep him in our prayers. Philadelphia Inquirer
Joel Embiid learned the terrible news after attending the 76ers' morning shootaround. The Sixers announced to the media that Embiid's younger brother Arthur died Thursday in Africa. No additional information was immediately available. Sixers general manager Sam Hinkie, coach Brett Brown and teammate Luc Mbah a Moute, a fellow Camaroon native who has been Embiid's mentor, missed Thursday night's preseason game against the Celtics to be with Embiid in Philadelphia. "We're all a family here," said Sixers assistant Chad Iske, who coached the team in Brown's absence. "Obviously, everybody's thinking about Joel at this time. You feel for him so much." The Intelligencer
Tom Moore: #Sixers rookie Joel Embiid's brother passed away today. Brett Brown, Sam Hinkie & Luc Mbah a Moute are with him in Philly. Twitter @tmoore76ers
The phrase "he's a character" was mentioned repeatedly throughout the 76ers' locker room when discussing the rookie. Embiid has made a quick impression with his sense of humor, which has kept his teammates entertained early in the preseason. "He's a funny kid," Henry Sims said. "He's enjoyable to be around. He has a fun-loving attitude, a carefree attitude." Many say Embiid can be quiet at times, especially when first meeting someone, but once he loosens up he can command the floor. "Anything that comes out of his mouth, you're going to bust out laughing," Arnett Moultrie said. "He jokes a lot. He's all-around funny." Basketball Insiders
Any rumor missing? E-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com.

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text:
Rockstar Games has a good deal cooking for Red Dead Redemption fans who want to experience everything the open-world western game has to offer. Today, the developer announced it will release a Red Dead Redemption: Game of the Year Edition...Show More Summary
Just like every other game these days, The Last of Us is getting a Game of the Year edition. However, unlike some other games, Naughty Dog's latest probably deserves one, Sony argues. "With over 250 Game of the Year Awards, and countless...Show More Summary
Launching in November with all major DLC, priced at €39.99. Sony has announced The Last of Us Game of the Year Edition for PS3. Click here to read the full article
On November 14th, Square Enix will release a "Game of the Year" edition for Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn. It comes with a lot of physical goodies, including a printed book and five art cards. On the digital side it comes with the game of course, and 90 total days of playtime. Show More Summary
Square Enix's revamped massively multiplayer roleplaying game Final Fantasy 14 will soon see a Game of the Year edition re-release, though it's only coming to the PC. Tucked within a unique Book of Diamonds Grimoire box will be five collectible art...
PC version re-released with bonus goodies in 'limited' run. Square Enix has announced it will release a 'Game of the Year' edition of Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn for PC on November 14.Click here to read the full article
Square Enix has announced Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn Game of the Year edition will be available on November 14.
If you've been longing to try out Final Fantasy XIV but wanted a new boxed edition of the game, you're in luck. Square-Enix has announced today that a limited edition boxed version will be available starting November 14th. Dubbed the...Show More Summary
A collector's edition of the popular MMO including a rather sexy box and 90 days of gametime has been revealed.
Now we're getting into the thick of release season — publishers stocking shelves with games before the holidays — sports games, Game of the Year Editions, etc. Surprisingly, I don't see too many games that interest me (with the exception of one day-one purchase). With that said, on to this month's releases: Week of October […]
You've probably noticed this by now, but every year, nearly everything gets repackaged in a Game of The Year Edition. And when everything is apparently a Game of The Year, does that label even mean anything anymore? Read more...
As was announced late last month, the big version 2.0 "Game of the Year Edition" update for FDG and Cornfox's Oceanhorn [$8.99] is now available in the App Store. The big update includes "up to 4 hours of additional gameplay" as you explore the new area called the Island of Whispers and explore the northern
FDG has announced the Oceanhorn Game of the Year Edition, which will add four hours of adventuring to the game, along with new features such as a fishing mini-game and a new island to explore. And to show their devotion to those whoShow More Summary
Back in May, FDG Entertainment and Cornfox & Bros. teased a fishing mini-game that was set to come to their action-adventure epic Oceanhorn [$8.99], and the following month the developers confirmed that the fishing being shown was actually part of a massive Game of the Year Edition update they had been working on. Today, they've
QuakeCon 2014 is under way in Texas and there's a Bethesda game sale running on Steam and (partly) Xbox Live to celebrate. Steam, and PC gaming, are where the biggest savings can be made. Today's deal is the Game of the Year Edition of Dishonored for £6.79 - a saving of 66 per cent. It's the best-selling Steam game of the moment, displacing Divinity: Original Sin. Read more…
A special "Complete Edition" of Batman: Arkham Origins has been spotted for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, via the German arm of retailer Amazon. Previous Arkham games have also been re-released in a Game of the Year Edition style package, although its the first we've heard of a similar re-release for last year's Arkham prequel (thanks, VG247). Show More Summary
Oceanhorn [$8.99] has always stylized itself as something of a console game on mobile with its production values, and it's going to have one more notch to add to its "like a console game" belt: it's getting a "Game of the Year" edition. With the number of gaming publications out there, pretty much any well-regarded
Turn 10 Studios announced a Racing Game of the Year Edition for Forza Motorsport 5 by way of IGN, scheduled to arrive on July 22, 2014 for Xbox One for $60/£50/€70. Given how much DLC there is for the game, you'd be inclined to think a decent amount of it would wind up included, but no, not really. Show More Summary
An enhanced, DLC-bundled retail version of Xbox One racer Forza Motorsport 5 will launch next month, developer Turn 10 Studios told IGN today. Forza Motorsport 5: Racing Game of the Year features 18 tracks and 10 additional vehicles previously...
Extra tracks and vehicles included in July release. Microsoft has announced Forza Motorsport 5 Game of the Year edition.Click here to read the full article


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Health Disparities – Then + Now Preterm Birth PPT
Presentation Summary : Birth Weight. Low birth weight (LBW): < 2500 gm or 5.5 lb. ... Babies born early have more learning and behavior problems in childhood than babies born at 40 weeks.
Source : http://haafii.org/uploads/Health_Disparities__PTB.pptx
Maternal Smoking and Infant Birth Weight - Home | University ... PPT
Presentation Summary : Maternal Smoking and Infant Birth Weight Lucinda England, MD, MSPH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Lucinda England, MD, MSPH Post ...
Source : http://www.pitt.edu/~super7/3011-4001/3721.ppt
The Greater Racine Collaborative for Healthy Birth Outcomes ... PPT
Presentation Summary : The Greater Racine Collaborative for Healthy Birth Outcomes ... respected and supported Low and very low birth weight babies who survive often give rise to serious ...
Source : http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lc/committees/study/2010/MORT/files/sept22_racine.ppt
Reducing Low Birth Weight Babies and Saving Infants PPT
Presentation Summary : About LCHS. Part of the SC Office of Rural Health. Service area is four rural counties in the Low Country region of the state. Allendale, Bamberg, Hampton and Orangeburg
Source : http://www.everywomansoutheast.org/sites/default/files/Slides%20for%20South%20Carolina%20Presentation.pptx
Managing Low Birth Weight and Sick Newborns PPT
Presentation Summary : Managing Low Birth Weight and Sick Newborns Advances in Maternal and Neonatal Health Session Objectives To define essential elements of the care of sick newborns ...
Source : http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/Managing%20Low%20Birthweight%20and%20Sick%20Newborns.ppt
Infections after birth dire for tiny babies PPT
Presentation Summary : Infections after birth dire for tiny babies Friday, November 19, 2004 Lindsey Tanner Associated Press
Source : http://www.econ.wayne.edu/agoodman/7550/week12/Low_Birth_weight_babies.ppt
Introduction to infant and young child feeding PPT
Presentation Summary : 37/1 Feeding during illness and low-birth-weight babies After completing this session participants will be able to: explain why children need to continue to eat ...
Source : http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/IYCF_37_Slides.ppt
Presentation Summary : Management of Low Birth Weight Babies * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * BW >1500 g Iron: from 2-3 months Multivitamin: from 2 weeks of life (for vitamin D) BW <1500 g ...
Source : http://newbornwhocc.org/pdf/teaching-aids/pps/2010/Management_of_LBW.ppt
Chapter 6: Treating or Terminating: The Dilemma of Impaired ... PPT
Presentation Summary : The severe under-development of low-birth-weight babies puts them at high risk for ... One of the factors that make impaired infants an ethically unique situation is ...
Source : http://www.cengage.com/resource_uploads/downloads/0495809187_300261.pptx
LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT - Welcome to Blinn College PPT
Presentation Summary : A Topical Approach to LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT Chapter Two: Biological Beginnings John W. Santrock Birth Low birth weight and preterm infants Low birth weight: less than ...
Source : http://www.blinn.edu/socialscience/LDThomas/2011%20Fall/Santrock%20PPT/santrockTLS_5_PPT_ch02.ppt
The Association Between Marital Status and Low Birth Weight ... PPT
Presentation Summary : The Association Between Marital Status and Low Birth Weight Among Resident, In-State, Singleton Births to Women Over 19 Years of Age: Massachusetts, January 2000 ...
Source : http://webcast.hrsa.gov/conferences/mchb/cdc/mchepi2006/ppt/BreakoutF3Prothro.ppt
Normal Newborn Care - University of Hawaii PPT
Presentation Summary : Normal Newborn Care Advances in Maternal and Neonatal Health Session Objective Define essential elements of early newborn care Discuss best practices and technologies ...
Source : http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/Normal%20Newborn%20Care.ppt
Presentation Summary : ... and low birth weight babies. ... and heartburn Constipation Obstetrical Physical Exam Low pre-pregnancy weight and low maternal weight gain are risk ...
Source : http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/obgyn/education/documents/Pregnancybarts2008.ppt
Presentation Summary : Low birth weight By : - dr . sanjeev Low birth weight (weight less than 2500g at birth) . Preterm (before 37 weeks) Small for gestational age (SGA) or small for dates ...
Source : http://taishan1.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/1/7/2117112/low_birth_weight_n._seizure_n_n._hypoglycemia.ppt
Presentation Summary : Whose Very Low Birth Weight Babies were at Risk to be Born in Lower Level Facilities in Louisiana? Lyn Kieltyka, PhD, MPH Ashley Chin, PhD, MPH, MA
Source : http://webcast.hrsa.gov/conferences/mchb/cdc/mchepi2006/ppt/BreakoutD3Kieltyka.ppt
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing PPT
Presentation Summary : ... Babies born to women who smoke during pregnancy will be more likely to be of low birth weight (alternative) ...
Source : http://cstl-hhs.semo.edu/cveneziano/HypothesisTesting21.ppt
Comparing Two Proportions (p1 vs. p2) - Winona State University PPT
Presentation Summary : Comparing Two Proportions ... "Do the pregnant teens who receive nutrition education produce a lower proportion of low birth weight babies than do pregnant teens ...
Source : http://elearning.winona.edu/projects/N701/Powerpoints/ComparingTwoProportions.ppt
Family Planning - Utah Education Network PPT
Presentation Summary : Smoking Low birth weight babies. 20-40% of low birth weight babies are related to maternal smoking. Maternal smoking increases the risk of SIDS.
Source : http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/downloadFile.cgi?file=3979-2-2079-FamilyPlanning_BirthDefects.ppt&filename=FamilyPlanning_BirthDefects.ppt
Epidemiology of high birth weight (HBW) - Home | University ... PPT
Presentation Summary : High Birth Weight Although most of the published literature relates to low birth weight ... High Birth Weight Large babies can be born under two different ...
Source : http://www.pitt.edu/~super7/50011-51001/50221.ppt


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OVERVIEW | SOLO | GROUP | PvMP | LEGENDARY ITEMS | TRAITS | VIRTUES | SKILLS
Cruising for a decon at level 30
Hunter Legendary items come in two flavors: ranged weapon and melee weapon. Hunters and Wardens are the only two classes that get two weapons as legendary items - all other classes get a weapon and special class item. Feel special? You should.
With the new system implemented in Update 2: Echoes of the Dead, it is much, much easier to get an ideal Hunter legendary item than ever before. It just might take a bit more work.
The Major legacies to look for on the ranged weapon are the Critical Multipliers: Focus Bow Critical Multiplier and Induction Bow Critical Multiplier. No foolin', you want both. Of the Minor legacies, the one that stands above the rest is Barbed Arrow Bleed Damage, which is about the same DPS increase as either of the Critical Multipliers when you work Barbed Arrow into regular shot rotations. Pretty much everything else is gravy, but you may also want reduced power cost legacies, extra damage from Heart-seeker or something disposable to replace with a Vitality or Agility legacy. Regardless, if your current bow doesn't have both critical multiplier legacies, find yourself a trash bow that has the one you are missing, level it to 30, select that legacy and apply the scroll to your main bow.
For the melee weapon, you want to have as many Major legacies
as possible. The Major legacies to look for are Beneath Notice Cooldown
(your aggro-dropper, important for running with groups), Needful Haste
Duration (shoot faster for longer), Max Targets for AoE (Rain of Thorns
can root up to 9 mobs instead of only 5), Critical Magnitude in
Precision (shots hit harder) and Find the Path Movement Speed.
The most important characteristic of your bow or crossbow is not so much the legacies, but the DPS. Level the DPS first and the legacies after, and always keep an eye out for the bow that might be better than the one you have now. Maxed-out higher level items do more damage than maxed-out lower-level ones, regardless of what Age they are. The difference between a level 60 First Age bow and a level 61 Third Age is very, very small and not likely enough to merit switching considering the strength of the legacies of the lower level weapon, but this difference is more evident between a level 60 First Age bow and a level 65 Third Age. The lower-quality, higher-level Third Age will out-DPS the First Age, and this does merit an upgrade.
For melee weapons, the opposite is true. DPS is less important than having loads of good, high-tiered Major legacies. In fact, if you get a good melee weapon with the right combination of Major legacies, you may decide not to bump up the DPS at all.
Considering how easy it is to get level 65 Second Age items these days, there's no reason to stick with that level 60 First Age sword you ran the turtle raid six times to get. The legacy scrolls from deconning one of these bad boys won't work on level 65 items and they can't hold the top relics. Scrap it and use the item XP rune on something worthwhile.
More information on LI legacies can be found on the Lorebook.
OVERVIEW | SOLO | GROUP | PvMP | LEGENDARY ITEMS | TRAITS | VIRTUES | SKILLS


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Not featured on the solo tip since stepping into the Booth with exclusive freestyle #130 back in January 2010, Joe Clark makes his return to our pages with reflective EP standout Remember (Vampire Verses). Here, P. Cru's warm synth boardwork pulses in the back as the Orlando repper contemplates his past, present and future as an artist. Like what you're hearing? More is just a few clicks away—released yesterday, Clark's In the End EP is available for download from the artist's Bandcamp page.
Joe Clark DownloadsAlternative
Written by richard on 11/9/11
Submit your Rating
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Locomotive Joe" (2009)
Total DJ Booth Features:
3 Songs
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Mobile Site You Are Here > CFB Home > Players > > Sid Luckman > News Archive
News: s-r blog:Your One-Stop Resource for 2014 College Football Data
School: Columbia
Position: ??
Heisman Voting: 3rd in 1938
Draft: 1st round, 2nd overall of the 1939 NFL draft by the Chicago Bears


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Doubles with dakadev_pui
http://www.lomography.com/homes/dakadev_puiThis photo was shot on film. Taken by doubleswithgrad with a Lomo LC-A+ (available in our Online Shop) loaded with Fuji Velvia 50 film in Saint-Petersburg & Bangkok, Russian Federation. These tags describe this photo: lca, fujichrome, 50, velvia, fuji, cross-process, 35mm, x-pro, xpro, dakadev_pui, bkk, bangkok, thailand, swap, grad, doubles, pavlovsk, saint-petersburg, and russia. This photo can also be found in the album Doubles with dakadev_pui #1.
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Liking photos helps us to present the best ones to you and others. 9 people like this photo. 9 people like this photo: adi_totp, atria007, dakadev_pui, clownshoes, aton, sobetion, mochilis, emkei, and 1122.
3 comments
very nice!
Thank you for do double with me : )
great great doubles!!


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For those who love to cook, discover Le Cordon Bleu range of professional linens made from the best quality fabrics
Le Cordon bleu offers a selection of gifts and souvenirs for all ages.
The Le Cordon Bleu Chefs have compiled and co-written a number of culinary publications which are available in several languages.
Receive Le Cordon Bleu promotions, recipes, chefs' techniques and exceptional sale information!
Le Cordon Bleu is a world renowned network of educational institutions dedicated to providing the highest level of culinary and hospitality instruction through world class programs.
For more information about our schools, please visit our website:
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The preparation of a soufflé can often be a dreaded moment in cooking, whether it be sweet or savory, since the mixing and cooking techniques involved are determining factors in achieving the eagerly-awaited soufflé effect.
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The ultimate James Bond swag: Only 11,000 of Omega's limited edition, steel-on-steel "Skyfall" watches were made. It operates at depths of 600 meters; the dial sports the 007 logo in the 7 o'clock spot. Self-winding and Swiss made, the watch is priced at $6,500. Available exclusively at Tourbillon.
329 N. Rodeo Dr.
Follow @Variety on Twitter for breaking news, reviews and more


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20 Things Savvy Facebookers Should Know (By Now)
I'm sure you've heard of Facebook. It doesn't matter if you are on it or not, active or not, or hate it or not; if you are on the Internet, you know what Facebook is. Safe to say that after nearly a decade, Facebook is still going strong and affecting … Continue reading »
Manage Your iPhone Data With CopyTrans Contacts
[Windows only] If you own an iPhone and work mostly on Windows, you will find limitations and restrictions to managing your iPhone data via iTunes. You will probably need another app to manage your contacts, edit your calendar and yet another to backup your text messages. Should managing your iPhone … Continue reading »
Sci-Fi Wallpapers [Wallpaper Wednesday]
The world of fantasy sci-fi has always been one of awe. Maybe it's the idea of a new land on a foreign planet, or the spaceships and beautiful weaponry, or it could even be that this is the utopia everyone is looking for, waiting for. No matter what your fascination … Continue reading »
Top 10 Free Note-Taking Apps For Smartphones
Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you need to write down a thought or an idea just to find that you do not have a pen and paper with you? While it isn't convenient to bring a pen and paper out, a majority of us now own … Continue reading »
How to Send Multiple Photos At Once [iOS Tip]
Sharing photos on social networks like Facebook and Instagram are becoming so easy that you would prefer to share through those channels rather than send photos via text or emails. Via text, the norm is to spend images one at a time which is not only a waste of time … Continue reading »
A Geek's Wishlist – 10 Things We Want To Do With Google Glass
So we've talked about what Google Glass has to offer, its features and capabilities and how it is the most anticipated wearable gadget in 2013. But why leave it there? Add a dash of wishful thinking (okay, maybe a whole lot of it) and here's a wishlist of things we … Continue reading »
Migrating From iOS To Android: 10 Most-Asked Questions
So you're about to take the leap of faith, switching from the (once) high tech and (still) sleek-looking iPhone and cross over to Android. And why not? A great number of Android-powered devices are cheaper, has more powerful hardware and no limitations to personalize their device. However, there are certain … Continue reading »
12 Types Of Social Network Users [Infographic]
We have a wide range of social networks that most Internet users are addicted to and from this addiction rose 12 patterns of users that you would probably find on your own social network feeds. This new breed of social media personalities is getting the spotlight today as we look … Continue reading »
20+ Cheatsheets & Infographics For Photographers
We love cheatsheets as one can refer to them and make quick amendments to better our skills. Since many loved our last compilation of cheatsheet for designers, we've decided to compile another set of cheatsheets, this time for photographers. Amateur photographers, and even pros can easily benefit from these cheatsheets … Continue reading »
Freshen Up Your iPhone Icons With CocoPPa
If you are an iPhone user, you are probably used to restrictions on how you can customize which app goes onto your home screen. Unlike the flexibility afforded by Android phones when it comes to customizing homescreens, with the iPhone, you can't change the user interface without jailbreaking your device; … Continue reading »
10 (Really) Cool Iron Man Merchandise You Can Buy
Are you excited about the upcoming Iron Man 3 movie? Well, we definitely are after watching those epic trailers of massive explosions and superhero-y action. If you're a big fan, we're sure you'd like to get your hands on some merchandise for the home, or the office, or better yet … Continue reading »
The Past, Present & Future Of Smartphones [Infographic]
Have you ever been curious about when or how the smartphone came to be? Most of us depend so much on our smartphone but never really asked about how it started out. But if you're not into digging into the history of cell phones or smartphones, maybe this detailed infographic … Continue reading »
Feedly: Useful Keyboard Shortcuts, Tips & Tricks
Google Reader is shutting down in July 2013 and we guess most of you have already migrated from Google Reader to Feedly. Feedly is one of the best replacement for Google Reader since it provides powerful feed navigation features and it is available on multiple platforms (iOS, Android, Kindle, Chrome, … Continue reading »
5 Dilemmas You'd Face As A First-time Employee
If you have just been newly recruited, congratulations! You probably have burning questions about interviews or while you are on the job, questions that you can't seem to find the answers to, either because you're not asking the right person or because they aren't telling you the whole truth. I'm … Continue reading »


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International Rock Stars
* *
Dressed in black duds, white shades, and sloppily synchronized dance dumbery, The Punk Group are gonna steal your girl. International Rock Stars is a polished album of primitive new wave and electro tunes that risks ass-kickings and lawsuits by taking on licensed properties ("Yoda") and property licensors ("Poirier Brothers?"). No one is safe from the black belt elbows of The Punk Group. If you're a fat girl on a bicycle, a homophobic sports fan, or are easily offended, steer clear. But if a bit of caustic humor that's good natured, stupid, and totally unapologetic can still get a rise out of you, there's plenty to laugh at here. Without the dance beats and Ramones riffs to provide a foundation, none of these songs would work so well. "Bone Down" delivered with a straight face could easily have won them a spot on the Electroclash tour, but then Peaches would have been dancing on broken eggs instead of skinny legs. NATHAN CARSON
(Nuclear Blast)
* *
American symphony directors just can't seem to lure younger audiences. Perhaps the problem lies with the stodgy conductors, who lack a flamboyant, charismatic rock-star presence. Now, Switzerland's Tilo Wolff--there's a conductor. With a skunk-streaked Cruella DeVille hairstyle and goth-metal credentials, Wolff (whose band name Lacrimosa doubles as a Mozart requiem), gives new meaning to "rock me, Amadeus!" Alas, Lacrimosa's latest effort lags after a bombastic, button-pushing thirteen-minute overture. Echos' blend of programmed percussion, layered keyboards, and ethereal female vocals makes it feel like a mildly exotic Dido disc. Its power-ballad progressions might inspire lighter-lofting in the pit--the orchestra pit--but Lacrimosa's classical music/classic rock hybrid looks more amusing than it sounds. ANDREW MILLER
* * * * Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas
* * * A Walton Wedding
* * Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding
* An Eight Is Enough Wedding


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Northside News | Saturday, November 1, 2014
Are you, or is someone you know due to have a baby soon? If so, call our office to sign up for a prenatal visit at one of our locations. You will get a chance to learn valuable information, meet one of our providers, and take a tour of the clinic. Prenatal visits are scheduled by appointment only in small groups at 5PM on the nights listed below. To make your prenatal visit appointment, call our office today!
Sandy Springs
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A-List Staff — Virtual
Aliststaff.com is a specialized platform designed for top employers in hospitality and entertainment industry to find and communicate directly with an elite and carefully screened pool of highly quali…
Application Deadline: Available Year-round
Social Media Intern for Dating-Related Site
New York Dating Life — Virtual
New Website about NYC Dating is looking for an enthusiastic, savvy and passionate social media/online marketing intern to help developing the website's online presence. This is an outstanding opportun…
Application Deadline: 12/12/2014
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MK Think Tank — Virtual
We are working to test a dating startup in stealth mode. It is unlike every other dating service out there and is on the enterprise level. We are looking for a communications student who is a highly m…
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tekERP INC. — Hartford, CT
tekERP is a U.S. based company headquartered in San Diego, CA with offshore development center in India. For years, it has been tekERP's continuous endeavor to understand consumer's quality-conscious …
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ROI Enterprises runs multiple companies under its umbrella that serves the Augusta, Ga. and surrounding areas with event planning and theme based concepts and equipment for parties, events and fundrai…
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New York Dating Life is building a website to help New Yorkers finding love by offering advice and options. Created in 2014, the platform hasn't been officially launched. We are looking for creative s…
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Publishing is a fun and exciting industry, and with the rise of digital media is undergoing some dramatic changes. Familius is a small company, so an internship with us means youll be on the frontline…
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Publishing is a fun and exciting industry, and with the rise of digital media is undergoing some dramatic changes. Familius is a small company, so an internship with us means youll be on the frontline…
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The Leading eBooks Store Online
for Kindle Fire, Apple, Android, Nook, Kobo, PC, Mac, BlackBerry ...
The Second Inspector Harry Hole Novel
more#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER
When the Norwegian ambassador to Thailand is found dead in a Bangkok brothel, Inspector Harry Hole is dispatched from Oslo to help hush up the case.
But once he arrives Harry discovers that this case is about much more than one random murder. There is something else, something more pervasive, scrabbling around behind the scenes. Or, put another way, for every cockroach you see in your hotel room, there are hundreds behind the walls. Surrounded by round-the-clock traffic noise, Harry wanders the streets of Bangkok lined with go-go bars, temples, opium dens, and tourist traps, trying to piece together the story of the ambassador's death even though no one asked him to, and no one wants him to—not even Harry himself.
From the Trade Paperback edition. less
Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group; February 2014
384 pages; ISBN 9780345807168
Download in secure EPUB
Title: Cockroaches
Author: Jo Nesbo
384 pages; ISBN 9780345807168
Download in secure EPUB
Title: Cockroaches
Author: Jo Nesbo
Buy, download and read Cockroaches (eBook) by Jo Nesbo today!
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text: 8 DIY Classroom Decorating Ideas to Make Students Smile This Fall The change in season gives teachers an opportunity to bring more fun to class. October 02, 2013 Andri Antoniades Owl Tree Bringing some of the outdoors inside is part of what fall is all about. You can easily turn paper lunchbags, newspaper, construction paper, brown tissue paper, and thumbtacks into a family of owls nesting in a tree. Photo: Pinterest Pumpkin Paper Lanterns This idea from Martha Stewart is an easy way to bring autumn colors into the classroom. Rolled-up newspaper wrapped with floral tape serves as the stem, pipe cleaners become tendrils, and a simple green cutout serves as the leaf. Photo: Your Homebased Mom Cupcake Wreath Since everyone's already back in school, why not adapt this colorful door decoration to Halloween with orange and black cupcake liners or to autumn with browns, oranges, and reds? Wrap a foam wreath with ribbon, glue on cupcake liners, and add ribbons to the bottom for flair. For the sign, trace little flags onto thick paper, spell out your message with marker, and cut them out. Then, using a hole punch, thread baker's twine through each cutout, and attach both ends to either side of the circle. Ta Dah! The world's cutest way to welcome kids to class. Photo: Ya Gotta Have a Hobby A Haunted Reading Room A haunted reading nook lets kids feel like they're in another world. Inside this one, teacher Amber Osterman says kids also dress up, do Halloween-themed puzzles, and stick their hands in a jar to guess how many slimy "eyeballs" (peeled grapes) are inside. Photo: Kindergarten Rocks! Fall Foliage Paper poms from the party store easily become bright fall tree foliage. Switch out the green for the red and orange poms, and your students can watch the seasons change. Photo: Abattylife.com Garbage-Bag Spider Invite this spider inside to make your class squeal before Halloween. To create the body and head, stuff black lawn trash bags with leaves. Roll more bags to make the arms and use black electrical tape to attach them to the body and make joints. Cut out the bottoms of red plastic cups for the eyes and the sides of the cup to cut out fangs. Eek! Photo: Angel in Bloom Leaf Mobile This pretty piece can be created with colored paper, fishing line, a hole punch, and glue dots or a glue gun. You can buy precut paper leaves for ease or make them yourself. Try putting one mobile in front of every window to bring in the beauty of the outdoors. Photo: Whatever Dee-Dee Wants A Big Ol' Turkey Door This door decor only requires colorful construction paper, glue, and the time it takes to cut out the shape of the turkey's body, features, and feathers. The texture on the feathers, made by small cuts into the edges, give the playful piece some texture. Photo: MyClassroomIdeas.com Up Next 8 Life-Changing Field Trips for Kids Enter Photo Gallery 8 Life-Changing Field Trips for Kids Remember the excitement of a field trip? The thrilling upset in the routine, the bus ride, the arrival at the destination—a museum, a farm, a beach? Field trips educate, entertain, and awaken kids to new interests and even new ideas for their future careers. What follows are some of the most exciting field trips imaginable. You may not be able to visit each place personally, but they'll certainly inspire you to think outside the classroom. Tell us about your best field trip ever in the Comments. This article was created as part of the social action campaign for the documentary TEACH, produced by TakePart's parent company, Participant Media, in partnership with Bill and Melinda Gates. 0 of 0


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Ric Flair and Dennis Rodman.
Ric Flair and Dennis Rodman.
Grand Theft Auto V is an absurd video game as it is.
The official Game of Thrones video game trailer is here, and I don't care if you hate the A Song of Ice and Fire series or if the sight of Game of Thrones on television makes you vomit uncontrollably, you will play this game.
Everyone knows that Call of Duty is one of the most financially successful video game franchises of all time.
My Fox 8 Do you want a PlayStation 4.
I'm not sure if Mario Kart is the first video game I'd recreate in real life if given the chance but this does look pretty balls.
Not going to lie, I've been EXTREMELY conflicted on whether or not to buy Grand Theft Auto V for Xbox One over the last few days.
If you'r a casual Call of Duty player, like me, there's a pretty good chance you're not familiar with 22-year-old named Matt Haag a.
I'd like to start this off by saying that the game developer of the upcoming Game of Thrones video game, Telltale, has not confirmed that these are images from the game that they're developing.
If you watched Thursday Night Football last night, you would have seen the debut of this new Game of War commercial starring Kate Upton.


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Photo Flash: First Look - New Cover Artwork Revealed for HARRY POTTER Book Series
February 13
9:03 2013
Related: HARRY POTTER
"I wanted it to feel whimsical," Kibuishi said of the new design, "Like an entrance into a fantasy world, but also like a perennial classic." Kibuishi is an artist and author of the bestselling Amulet series of graphic novels.
ABC News unveals an all-new makeover for the beloved HARRY POTTER book series from Scholastic Publishing. All seven books in the J.K. Rowling series will be re-released featuring new cover artwork. Below, get a first look at the new cover for "Sorcerer's Stone", illustrated by graphic artist Kazu Kibuishi The image features a young Harry Potter flying on a broomstick.
"I wanted it to feel whimsical," Kibuishi said of the new design, "Like an entrance into a fantasy world, but also like a perennial classic." Kibuishi is an artist and author of the bestselling Amulet series of graphic novels.
According to Scholastic, the new edition will be released in September along with the remainder of Kibuishi's cover artwork for the rest of the series.
New Book Cover for HARRY POTTER
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