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Lauren Conrad on the Cover of Glamour Magazine May 2010
A Healthy Bite: Lauren Conrad
by Fitness 10 Reactions 0 Shares Print
"I've never felt a push to be stick thin. I work out and eat healthy, so mostly it's about being in shape and having energy. But about a year ago, I looked down and thought, I have cellulite. Where did that come from? I went through treatments; [my body] was like, It's not going anywhere."
— Lauren Conrad talks fashion, friends, and the pressure to be skinny in Glamour's May 2010 issue. In the special friendship issue, Lauren shares that her best friends, who include Lo Bosworth and Whitney Port, are "everything to her."
Read More Celebrity Fitness QuoteLo BosworthWhitney PortGlamour MagazineCelebrityLauren ConradFitnessThe Hills
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SaraJeanQueen 4 years
Totally agree. She's so down to earth and true to herself. I read the article.. I only wish Glamour would ask her INTERESTING questions. I feel like we've seen her answer the same questions over and over, about why writing the book, how is her relationship with Kyle H, how she feels about Heidi, etc. (Not her fault..) Why can't journalists think up creative questions??
PiNkY-PiNk 4 years
love this girl. Ever since her laguna beach days.
any 4 years
me too
any 4 years
me too
ayuninur 4 years
i like her...
ayuninur 4 years
i like her...
ckeller825 4 years
I adore her <3
ckeller825 4 years
I adore her <3
Spectra 4 years
Yeah, cellulite's pretty normal. I'm glad LC is being honest about having it and not trying to diet like crazy to get rid of it.
sabrina27 4 years
Most women have cellulite, nothing to be ashamed about


text: POPSUGAR Celebrity Peter Facinelli Photos of Chanel/Tribeca by Celebrity 4/29/10 0 Reactions 0 Shares Print 0 0 0 0 0 Previous Photo 1 of 31 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next 1 Photos of Chanel/Tribeca 0 0 0 0 0 Read More Peter FacinelliNikki ReedAbbie CornishColin FarrellSelma Blair Selma Blair Sarah Michelle Gellar: Selma Blair Was My Favorite On-Screen Kiss 4 weeks ago Celebaby Roundup! 12/16/13 Celebaby Roundup! 12/09/13 Celebaby Roundup! 12/03/13 Selma Blair Does the Slow Fade to Blonde 8/16/13 Celebaby Roundup! 7/15/13 Celebs Mark the Veuve Clicquot Polo Classic With Family and Friends 10/07/12 Colin Farrell Colin Farrell Fights for Gay Marriage in Ireland: 'This Is Personal to Me' 5 days ago The First Pictures of True Detective Season 2 Are Here! 10 hours ago The Cast, the Plot, and Everything We Know About True Detective Season 2 9/24 Colin Farrell Confirms His Role on True Detective Season 2: "I'm So Excited" 9/21 Colin Farrell Confirms His Role on True Detective Season 2: "I'm So Excited" 9/21 Celebrities Come Face to Face With Their Wax Figures! 8/10 Your Weekend Plans Should Include Seeing Colin Farrell in a Speedo 7/18 Nikki Reed Ian Somerhalder Goes Horseback Riding With "Amazing Woman" Nikki Reed: Picture 3 weeks ago Ian Somerhalder Gushes About Nikki Reed in Another Sweet Instagram Snap 3 weeks ago Nikki Reed and Her New Furry Friend Will Melt Your Heart 10/17 Stunning Stars Amp Up the Excitement For the Emmys 8/17 You May Have Missed Ian and Nikki's Serious PDA at the Teen Choice Awards 8/11 Say Cheese! The Best Celebrity Selfie Moments 8/03 Which Star Brought the Freshest Look to the Young Hollywood Awards? 7/28 Get the scoop with our daily newsletter Enjoy the latest news on the celebs you love. TV Movies Young Hollywood A Listers Link Love Taylor Swift doesn't believe in "happily ever after" — Us Weekly 7 iconic scenes to remember Mike Nichols's legacy — HuffPost Celebrity The hidden meaning behind Beyoncé's new single — Lainey Gossip Find out which Food Network star is facing nasty rumors — Dlisted Get to know country music's biggest LGBT allies — ET The Giver's star is about to join a wildly popular franchise — JustJared Which supermodel sported serious cleavage this week? — Hollywood Tuna Wait a second . . . Zac Efron said WHAT?! — Pink Is the New Blog Find out why Lindsay Lohan thinks she's poised for a comeback — The Superficial Here's who's replacing Joan Rivers on Fashion Police — PopBytes Latest Celebrity & News

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Find commute times to your work, school, gym and more.
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Rotegliano Apartments *** Phone Calls Only Please***
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PHONE CALLS ONLY PLEASE! Excellent maintained building in the Great Historic District of Harrisburg. Completely renovated brand new apartments with lots of old world charm and character. Onsite management these apartments are a Must See! No amenity spared, please call to see your new home at the Rotegliano Apartments. Rotegliano Apartments offers 1 & 2 bedroom apartments starting at $600 to $1200 a month. Phone Calls ONLY Please!
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The Best Games This Season & Other Things About NFL Week 13
Forget about turkey; several tasty football games are the best items on the menu during the long Thanksgiving weekend. Here are the storylines we'll be following in Week 13:
Forget about turkey; several tasty football games are the best items on the menu during the long Thanksgiving weekend. Here are the storylines we'll be following in Week 13:
We've seen the pictures of Mother's Nature's winter destruction in Buffalo, but unless you've lived through it, it's hard to image what it was really like. James Grimaldi takes into the heart of the storm with his drone.
In our latest installment of 'Hanging Out With Jackie Evancho,' the classical-crossover prodigy is dishing on her hair, makeup and beauty routine!
So the in-laws may be coming to town… Maybe you have to cook an amazing Thanksgiving dinner… This time of year can bring a lot of stress.
As portions of New York state and the Northeast deal with a winter storm, we have links to the most current travel conditions on the New York State Thruway.
One Direction's 'Night Changes' music video is here, which means we're simultaneously losing our minds and desperately wishing we could date every member of the band.
An explosion at SUNY Cortland sent three construction workers to the hospital. It happened around 7 this morning on the construction site of the Student Life Center. The names of those injured were not given but they all were taken to Upstate University Hospital
A bomb threat has forced the evacuation of the elementary school in the Camden Central School District.
"You just went and made a new dinosaur? Probably not a good idea."
And, there's the 'Jurassic Park 4' trailer summed up for you in pretty much one exchange. While the previous 'Jurassic Park' films dealt with the folly of John Hammond's original plans for the park, this new film imagines a world where Jurassic Park is now up and running. The kinks have been worked out. Raptors are trained. But, people are still people and that means they do really stupid things. Like create massive "hybrid" dinosaurs to goose attendance at their park.
When I was a kid, I remember my mother serving cranberry sauce at Thanksgiving dinner, not the jellied kind, but the one with actual whole cranberries. If you want to make your own homemade cranberry sauce, we found a quick and easy recipe.
As a kid, I remember my mother making homemade stuffing (or dressing as she called it) for the Thanksgiving turkey. And, it half of it had to be stuffed inside the turkey. She had a great sausage recipe, but how about trying something different...cornbread stuffing.
Get 3 years of access to state parks around New York for the cost of two with a one-day only deal from the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.


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14 Slow Cooker Casseroles
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Roasted Potato and Ham Casserole
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If you're wondering what to do with leftover ham, you've come to the right place. This recipe for Roasted Potato and Ham Casserole could not be simpler. All you have to do is throw the potatoes, ham, and other ingredients in a baking pan, toss them around with oil and seasonings, and bake. It's seriously that simple. When it's done, you'll have a wholesome meal that's got it all: meat, potatoes, and veggies.
Serves: 8
Preparation Time: 15 min
Cooking Time: 30 min
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Kell High School in Marietta, GA returns to our camp family in 2014 offering two sessions of high quality basketball instruction. Programs are directed by Lee Miller, our Elite Hoops basketball staff and Kell HS Head Varsity Boys Coach Jermaine Sellers.
This camp will focus on individual skill development with our morning skill stations and afternoon 3 on 3 Cut Throat League. Each camper will also play in one 5 on 5 game and participate in our Living by Numbers contests each day. This summer camp is a perfect way to prepare for your school, church, rec or AAU season. All NIKE basketball camps maintain a player to coach ratio of 8:1 and is staffed by high school and collegiate coaches as well as college players.
We cannot offer scholarships due to NCAA regulations. Our affiliation with NCAA coaches and schools puts us in a position where any scholarship money can be seen as an inducement to a future collegiate athlete. This puts our coaches and our host universities in jeopardy of damaging their status with the NCAA and incurring penalties at the hands of their organizing body.
If five or more campers register together, as a group by mail or fax, each camper will receive a $20 discount. If 10 or more campers register together, as a group by mail or fax, each camper will receive a $40 discount. Click "Get Brochure" above and print the application. All applications must be received at the same time via mail or fax. If all members of your group pay with a Visa or MasterCard, feel free to fax your applications to 415-479-6061 to expedite processing. Late or individual registrations are not eligible to receive the group discount.
A detailed camper registration packet containing check-in location, health/release forms, emergency contact numbers, and a checklist of things to bring will be emailed to all registered campers in the Spring. The US Sports Camps health and release forms do not require a doctor's signature and they will be collected on the first day of camp.
Kell High School is located in Marietta, Georgia and is right off of I-575 and Canton Rd. Kell is a convenient camp location for anyone in Cobb County including the Cambridge Grove, Canton, Kennesaw, Marietta, or Woodstock areas
His camp experience includes University of Georgia's Elite High School camp, Duke University's Basketball camp as well as assisting with Jack Haley's NBA Complete Player Camp in California and Pete Newell's Big Man Camp in Las Vegas. Since 2004, Coach Miller has directed over 40 Elite Hoops camps and trained over 300 players.
Lee Miller directed one of the most organized and effective camps I've ever seen. My son has attended several sports camps over the years. However, I was most impressed with the control and knowledge of the coaches here. The kids understood the expectations, the rules, and the level of respect from the staff but still enjoyed the camp and were motivated.
It was a great overall experience for our 2 first-timers. They didn't want it to be over!
2015 camp dates and prices coming soon. Subscribe now to receive camp updates or call 1-800-645-3226.


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Regional cooperation of the CIS7 : past experience and options for the future
The basic goal of the CIS-7 initiative gathering seven CIS countries (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan make up the... Show More +
Trade, transport and telecommunications in the South Caucasus: current obstacles to regional cooperation
This report discusses six studies on current issues and future prospects for Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia (the South Caucasus region) for trade flows, trade facilitation,... Show More +
Armenia : assessment of administrative procedures for doing business in Armenia (Vol. 1 of 2) : Summary, background, and overarching issues
Following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia has been transformed from a centrally planned, Soviet system to a market-oriented economy. Progress in trade... Show More +


text: A great tool with a variety of "plugins". I bought mine to use in case of emergency on my moped (50ccm motorbike). I've tested it a few times, that chucked it in my moped. The tool saved my life two times already: the first time the electricity on my bike died on me at 6'o clock in the morning ... Read more


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5 items from 2011
17 August 2011 2:49 PM, PDT | Underground Film Journal | See recent Underground Film Journal news »
The 11th annual Nevada City Film Festival, running Aug. 18-21, is four nights crammed full with short films, several feature-length documentaries, one dramatic feature, stand-up comedy performances and more surprises, all nestled within the rolling hills of Northern California.
The fest opens with the feature documentary Someplace With a Mountain, directed by Steve Goodall and narrated by Chevy Chase. The film tells the story of the embattled people of the Puluwat atoll who are besieged by the Pacific Ocean itself. Rising waters due to global warming are making their land slowly disappear beneath the waves.
Other feature docs include music-based films We Are Wizards, directed by Josh Koury, about the oddball phenomenon of rock bands that only craft songs about the world of Harry Potter; and Everyday Sunshine, directed by Lev Anderson and Chris Metzler, which profiles the legendary ska punk band Fishbone that continues to bring their enthusiastic music to the masses. »
- Mike Everleth
12 June 2011 1:38 PM, PDT | WeAreMovieGeeks.com | See recent WeAreMovieGeeks.com news »
Beverly Hills, CA . Fifteen students from colleges and universities around the world were honored Saturday night (June 11) as winners in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' 38th Annual Student Academy Awards® competition. For several days, they had participated in a slate of industry-related activities and social events culminating in the awards ceremony, which featured as presenters actress Jennifer Garner, Oscar®-nominated animator John Musker, and Academy Award-winning producer Edward Zwick alongside Academy President Tom Sherak at the Academy's Samuel Goldwyn Theater.
photo: ©A.M.P.A.S
The 2011 winners are:
Alternative category
Gold Medal*: "The Vermeers," Tal S. Shamir, The New School, New York
* Only one medal was awarded in the Alternative category.
photo: ©A.M.P.A.S
Animation category
Gold Medal (tie): "Correspondence," Zach Hyer, Pratt Institute, New York; and
"Dragonboy," Bernardo Warman and Shaofu Zhang, Academy of Art University, California
Bronze Medal: "Defective Detective, »
- Michelle McCue
11 February 2011 9:00 AM, PST | HeyUGuys.co.uk | See recent HeyUGuys news »
SXSW Film Festival Announces Midnight Features & Shorts
Austin, TX – Today the SXSW Film Festival revealed their Midnight Features & Shorts program.
The Midnighters section of SXSW is known for premiering the work future stars of the horror genre. Filmmakers Eli Roth, and Ti West, are a few notable directors who have had their films screened during the Midnight Features.
"Our midnight programs are the bloody, beating heart of SXSW," said SXSW Film Conference & Festival Producer Janet Pierson. "Since the beginning, midnight films have been an essential ingredient to what makes SXSW so exciting and fun, and this year's selections are no exception."
Out of over 3000 short films submitted, only 150 were chosen, and will screen as part of twelve overall shorts programs.
"After months of reviewing a record number of submissions, we're tremendously happy to share the final program," said Shorts Programmers Claudette Godfrey and Stephanie Noone, "The short films »
- Albert Art
10 February 2011 12:12 PM, PST | newsinfilm.com | See recent newsinfilm news »
Following the unveiling of the fantastic 2011 feature line-up last week, the South by Southwest Film Festival has announced the films selected to play at midnight throughout the nine-day event, as well as the complete list of short films.
Insidious, a haunted house flick from Saw director James Wan, is among the midnight program, along with Xavier Gen's sci-fi thriller The Divide, Sundance favorite Hobo With a Shotgun, Argentinean entry Phase 7, and Joe Cornish's Attack the Block. In previous years, the midnight and SXFantastic programs has helped launch the careers of Gareth Edwards (Monsters) and Eli Roth (Hostel).
Spike Jonze returns to the festival with another short film titled Scenes from the Suburbs, his second collaboration with (and about) the band Arcade Fire after his moving feature Where the Wild Things Are.
For those of you attending the festival, the schedule will be released on February 15 along with details about film-related panels. »
- Jeff Leins
10 February 2011 12:03 PM, PST | GeekTyrant | See recent GeekTyrant news »
Today the midnight features and short sections were announced for SXSW 2011.
This year the midnight features section has some awesome films, including Hobo With A Shotgun, James Wan's Insidious, Joe Cornish's Attack the Block, Xavier Gens' The Divide, and Ben Wheatley's Kill List. This years shorts include 150 films including, Spike Jonze's Scenes from the Suburbs and a doc short from Jay Duplass.
Here's the full list of SXSW 2011 midnights and shorts:
Midnight Features
Scary, funny, sexy, controversial – provocative after-dark features for night owls and the terminally curious.
Films screening in Midnighters are:
Attack The Block (UK-England)
Director & Writer: Joe Cornish
A funny, frightening action adventure movie that pits a teen gang against an invasion of alien monsters. It turns a tower block into a sci-fi playground. It's inner city versus outer space. Cast: Jodie Whittaker, John Boyega, Alex Esmail, Franz Drameh, Leeon Jones, Simon Howard, »
- Tiberius
5 items from 2011
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Under Armour CEO Kevin Plank (#37) Fired Up After Huge Hit At Maryland | ACC Hidden Gems
Back in the '90s, Under Armour CEO Kevin Plank was a football player at the University of Maryland. During the 1995 season, Plank was the Terps special teams captain. In this ACC Hidden Gem, watch Plank (#37) make a special teams tackle, and then go crazy as he runs off the field and gets mobbed by his teammates.
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As he lined up for the final round at Las Vegas two weeks ago, John Force refused to look over at his competitor. Force had a shot to wrap up a record 16th Funny Car title and couldn't let the emotions of racing his daughter affect the outcome.Comments
When NASCAR drivers gathered in Las Vegas last year to celebrate the end of the season, Jeff Gordon thought Clint Bowyer's rage toward him might have eased in the two weeks following an on-track spin and an off-track melee. He was wrong.Comments
So I learned two lessons this past week. The first? Don't write something bad about Richard Childress unless you're girded for wrath. The second? Jimmie Johnson might be the best race car driver in NASCAR history.Comments
The five-time Sprint Cup champion flattened the field Sunday at the AAA Texas 500, blowing past Matt Kenseth and everybody else to take a seven-point lead into the final two races of the season.Comments
FORT WORTH, Texas — Brad Keselowski raced to his sixth Nationwide victory in his last eight starts, leading 106 of 200 laps at Texas to give Roger Penske's No. 22 car the lead in the owners' standings.Comments
Carl Edwards, the only three-time Sprint Cup winner at Texas Motor Speedway, qualified on the pole Friday following a qualifying lap of 196.114 mph at the high-banked 1½-mile track.Comments
Martin Truex Jr., who lost his job at MWR after the Richmond race-fixing scandal, has a new full-time ride with Furniture Row Racing.Comments
When people talk of the elite car owners in NASCAR, the name Richard Childress is still on the list even though this will be the 19th straight season his team has failed to win a Cup championship.Comments
Darrell Wallace Jr. said he would win at Martinsville Speedway, and then he went out and did it. The 20-year-old driver simply had no idea how big his victory was in Saturday's NASCAR truck series race.Comments
SURGOINSVILLE — It's been more than four decades since Mike Allen Sr. had a blowout and rolled his souped-up 1967 Chevy Super Sport, landing in his history teacher's front yard.Comments


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Jul 26, 2011 at 03:05PM EDT
we will probably read anything as long as it is riff worthy. I'd prefur to riff on bad fan fic, shipping(because I dont care for it..), and stories that could be made fun of easily. A sci-fi story about ponies has lots of potential for silliness and physical impossibilities. Not trying to bash your story, i will look it over when I get free time. I'm just saying that it is easier to riff some stories than others, regardless of how well written, there is always something silly to point out or a line of dialog to abuse.
The forum I'm part of is always looking for new members, you seem like you would fit in real well. Its not a big forum, but its a close knit group of friends on a first name basis.
join if you want.
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Theonomy: A Debate Closing Argument against Theonomy
By Brad Finkbeiner
Published May 2, 2008
"Is Theonomy Exegetically Sound?" Rogers hardly answered the question. By stripping away his opening credo, his first round personal advertisement, his incessant definitions of "Theonomy," his irrelevant points about salvation, his lengthy excursions into historical theology and, last but not least, his virtual army of straw men, it is clear that Rogers was engaged in some other debate. He never did rebut my expositions of Heb 8; Gal 3; Rom 2-3, 6, 7; 1 Cor 9; 2 Cor 3; Eph 2 and other key texts. And when trying to rebut my philosophical arguments he often missed the point (e.g., he still does not understand my "moral Meno" argument). Finally, he never resolved the monstrous contradiction of affirming Jesus' jot and tittle principle while insisting that the ceremonial laws were abolished. And as for his quotation of Matthew 5…
The OL Passed Away With The Old Heaven & Earth
Jesus said "until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter nor stroke shall pass away from the Law, until all things come to pass." Theonomists treat the verb "pass away" in the phrase "until heaven and earth pass away" as a consummative aorist, as though Jesus said "…until all the heavens and earth have passed away" or "until heavens and earth completely pass away." But Jesus used a subjunctive aorist. Since this verb denotes an undefined action we must rely on context to determine what kind of action is being referred to. The immediate context does not tell us, but the broader context does. Later in Matthew's gospel, when Jesus was discussing the utter destruction of Jerusalem, we read this: "Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all things take place. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words shall not pass away" (24:34-35). Jesus associated the passing of heavens and earth with the destruction of the covenant nation in 70 AD.
Jews would have recognized this as the testimonial of God's two witnesses. Having said "I call heaven and earth as witness against you today," Moses assured the nation of Israel that they would one day be "utterly destroyed" (Deut 4:26). This was later repeated: "I call heaven and earth against you today, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse" (30:19). Since the Law made it clear that two witnesses were needed to bring a charge against someone, God called upon heaven and earth to bear testimony against the covenant-breaking nation. Heaven and earth would "testify" by passing away in the first century AD.
Paul assured his audience that "the form of this world is passing away" (1 Cor 7:31). John wrote: "The world is passing away…" (1 Jn 2:17). Elsewhere: "Now I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away" (Rev 21:1). The following comparison of John's account (12:2ff) with other texts reveals that the new heavens and earth were inaugurated in Christ:
"Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband…"
"But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem…" (Heb 12:22).
"But the Jerusalem above is free; she is our mother" (Gal 4:26)
And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, "Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people. God Himself will be with them and be their God.
"For you are the temple of the living God. As God has said: 'I will dwell in them and walk among them. I will be their God, and they shall be My people" (2 Cor 6:16)
"…the former things have passed away. Then He who sat on the throne said, 'Behold, I make all things new…"
"Therefore, if any man is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old things have passed away; behold, new things have come" (2 Cor 5:17)
The only way to make the phrase "until heaven and earth pass away" consistent with the NT epistles is to treat the verb "pass away" in an ingressive sense. As Todd Kofchur notes, "Jesus was focusing on the beginning of this 'passing away' event without reference to its duration or completion" (unpublished paper).
The NL Accompanied The New Heaven & Earth
Redemptive history was a regaining of paradise lost, a restoration of the creation that "fell" in the first Adam. That fallen order began passing away with the coming of the second Adam. Jesus spoke of the NC era as "the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on His glorious throne" (Mt 19:28). As the Spirit generated the first "very good" order (Gen 2:2) so He began to regenerate (lit. "re-genesis" or "re-beginning") its corrupted state through the power of the resurrected Christ under the NC. Those who rose with Christ are "new creations" under a new life system (Rom 6:4).
In light of all this newness can the Old Law be the one thing that remains? Pop Theonomist Gary DeMar admitted "The New Covenant replaces the Old Covenant with new leaders, a new priesthood, new sacraments, a new sacrifice, a new tabernacle, and a new temple. In essence, a new heaven and earth." How then, in spite of Jesus' explicit giving of a "new commandment," can Theonomists insist that Old Law alone remains?Life under the NC is a life of renewal (Rom 12:2; 2 Cor 4:16; Col 3:10; Eph 4:20-24; Titus 3:15). The goal is to be renewed unto the image of Christ (Rom 8)—not the Law—to be conformed to the Beginning of the firstborn from the dead (Col 1:18), the Progenitor of the new race appropriately called the "church of the firstborn" (Heb 12:23). To appear in the likeness of the new Adam let us live as He lived, let us love "as He loved." Solo Christo!
|Jay Rogers
|Brad Finkbeiner
|Opening Arguments
|Round One
|Round Two
|Round Three
|Round Four
|Closing Arguments
Forerunner - Home » Theonomy Debate - Is Theonomy Exegetically Sound?
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A Revival Account: Asbury 1970 (DVD)
What is true Revival and Spiritual Awakening?
Discover the answer in this eyewitness account by Dennis Kinlaw, President of Asbury College, Wilmore, Kentucky, who recounts the story of a visitation of the Holy Spirit in 1970. This is the presentation that has continued to spark the flames of Revival in the hearts of people around the world. Contains eyewitness footage from the Revival at Asbury College in 1970 in Wilmore, Kentucky.
Certain to challenge you to greater holiness and a deeper commitment to full-scale revival. Original news and private footage has been included. If you are a student who longs to see a spiritual awakening at your school, you must see this video!
"This simple video does a wonderful job of conveying something of God's heart and power, Everyone we have ever shown this to has received an immediate impartation of faith for revival and the power of prayer."
— Bob and Rose Weiner, Weiner Ministries Int'l
Running Time: 40 minutes
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Freedom: The Model of Christian Liberty (DVD)
"Give me liberty or give me death!"
Patrick Henry's famous declaration not only helped launch the War for Independence, it also perfectly summarized the mindset that gave birth to, and sustained, the unprecedented experiment in Christian liberty that was America.
The freedom our Founders envisioned was not freedom from suffering, want, or hard work. Nor was it freedom to indulge every appetite or whim without restraint—that would merely be servitude to a different master. No, the Founders' passion was to live free before God, unfettered by the chains of autocracy, shackles that slowly but inexorably bind men when the governments they fashion fail to recognize and uphold freedom's singular, foundational truth: that all men are created in the image of God, and are thereby co-equally endowed with the right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
This presentation is a similar call, not to one but many. By reintroducing the principles of freedom that gave birth to America, it is our prayer that Jesus, the true and only ruler over the nations, will once again be our acknowledged Sovereign, that we may again know and exult in the great truth that "where the Spirit of the LORD is, there is liberty" (2 Cor. 3:17).
Welcome to the Second American Revolution!
This DVD features "Liberty: The Model of Christian Liberty" along with "Dawn's Early Light: A Brief History of America's Christian Foundations." Bonus features include a humorous but instructive collection of campaign ads and Eric Holmberg's controversial YouTube challenge concerning Mitt Romney's campaign for president.
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Dr. Francis Schaeffer - A Christian Manifesto (DVD)
That Swiss Hermit Strikes Again!
Dr. Schaeffer, who was one of the most influential Christian thinkers in the twentieth century, shows that secular humanism has displaced the Judeo-Christian consensus that once defined our nation's moral boundaries. Law, education, and medicine have all been reshaped for the worse as a consequence. America's dominant worldview changed, Schaeffer charges, when Christians weren't looking.
Schaeffer lists two reasons for evangelical indifference: a false concept of spirituality and fear. He calls on believers to stand against the tyranny and moral chaos that come when humanism reigns-and warns that believers may, at some point, be forced to make the hard choice between obeying God or Caesar. A Christian Manifesto is a thought-provoking and bracing Christian analysis of American culture and the obligation Christians have to engage the culture with the claims of Christ.
$19.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.)
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Massacre of Innocence (DVD)
Exposing The Occult Roots of Abortion
This presentation looks at the spiritual roots of abortion and exposes the myths surrounding child killing. Little known historical facts about abortion and how they relate to modern feminism are presented logically and accurately. Has been effective in converting many to a pro-life position.
Massacre of Innocence goes where no pro-life presentation has gone before in "tearing the lid off abortion" to reveal the spiritual realities we must battle if we will bring an end to this crime. The presentation is absorbing, fast-paced, informative and incredibly devastating to any attempt to justify abortion.
"… an extraordinary statement … a powerfully articulate presentation about what abortion really means, and why a great and moral nation like the United States must not allow the slaughter to continue."
— Congressman Robert K. Dornan
Running time: 85 minutes
$19.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.)
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The Silent Scream (DVD) Eight Languages
"When the lives of the unborn are snuffed out, they often feel pain, pain that is long and agonizing." – President Ronald Reagan to National Religious Broadcasters Convention, January 1981
Ronald Reagan became convinced of this as a result of watching The Silent Scream – a movie he considered so powerful and convicting that he screened it at the White House.
The modern technology of real-time ultrasound now reveals the actual responses of a 12-week old fetus to being aborted. As the unborn child attempts to escape the abortionist's suction curette, her motions can be seen to become desperately agitated and her heart rate doubles. Her mouth opens – as if to scream – but no sound can come out. Her scream doesn't have to remain silent, however … not if you will become her voice. This newly re-mastered version features eight language tracks and two bonus videos.
"…a high technology "Uncle Tom's Cabin" arousing public opinion just as Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 antislavery novel ignited the abolitionist movement." – Sen. Gordon Humphrey, Time Magazine
Languages: English, Spanish, French, South Korean, Chinese, Russian, Portuguese, Japanese
Running Time: 28 minutes
$17.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.)


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Winnie the Pooh - Tigger Peel and Stick Giant Wall DecalItem # HN-YWI458
- Decal size: 25.75W x 31.5H inches
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Photos and Description of this 3 bedroom holiday home in Kamperland - Polderzicht
Holiday home, 3 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, (Sleeps 7)
This comfortable, spacious apartment is in Kamperland in the Province of Zeeland. The apartment is in an impressive Zeeland style barn. It is well furnished and full of atmosphere. The original timber has been retained. You will have a most enjoyable stay here. The sauna is a perfect way to relax. You can enjoy splendid views of the nearby Heer Janzpolder. You'll even see wild pheasants coming up to the window. The surrounding area has something for everyone. You can enjoy walking, cycling, water sports and more. The North Sea beach and the Veerse Lake are just a few kilometres away. A visit to the Neeltje Jans Deltapark is highly recommended. The historic cities of Goes and Veere are well worth a visit.
Classification: Ground floor: (Hall, Livingroom(TV(satellite), DVD player, radio), Open plan kitchen(combi microwave, dishwasher, washing machine), Bedroom(2x Single bed), Bathroom(bath with shower, washbasin, toilet), WC)
On 1st floor: (Bedroom(2x Single bed), Bedroom(3x Single bed), Bathroom(shower, washbasin, toilet), sauna)
heating(central), patio, garden, garden furniture, trampoline, jeu de boules, play area, high chair
These costs are charged on site. They are not included in the rental price.:
Deposit; € 200 returned max. 14 days after departure (On arrival, you must pay the security deposit in cash)
Cleaning; Mandatory: € 65
Pets; Not allowed
Bed linen; For rent, € 7,50 p.p./Stay
Bath towels; For rent, € 6,50 p.p./Stay
Kitchen linen; For rent, € 3 per Stay
Electricity; Included
Gas/Oil; Included
Wifi; Not available
Tourist tax; Mandatory, € 1,10 /person/night
- Suitability:
- non smoking only
- pets not allowed


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Haller announces his retirement
16 September 2014
Head Coach of the City of Cardiff Swimming Club Dave Haller MBE has announced his retirement from the sport after 47 years of coaching.
Log in New User? Start here
Go Swimming has everything you need to know about swimming. If you are a parent, a non swimmer or just want to improve your technique this is the section for you.
In British Swimming you will find information about the world of high performance sport, including the disciplines of Swimming, Diving, Synchronised Swimming, Water Polo and Para-Swimming.
The ASA is the governing body for the sport in England. In this section you will find all you need to know about joining a club or competing in England and becoming a swimming teacher or coach.
The IoS delivers the ASA's courses and is a member organisation. Whether you are a teacher, coach, employer or club you will find everything you need to know about qualifications or educating your workforce.
Accessibility - Text Only - Display Options - Accessibility
16 September 2014
Head Coach of the City of Cardiff Swimming Club Dave Haller MBE has announced his retirement from the sport after 47 years of coaching.
1 September 2014
Jazz Carlin and Fran Halsall have been nominated for the Sky Sports News Sportswomen of the Month award.
28 August 2014
University of Stirling swimmer Ross Murdoch was delighted to have found the owner of a letter sent to him by a young fan and is looking forward to meeting up with him.
24 August 2014
The British Gas GBR Swimming team signed off from their most successful European Championships with a total of 9 golds and 24 medals in total.
24 August 2014
BBC 2 will broadcast a two-hour highlights programme on Monday (25 August) from 11:25am from the successful European Championships.
23 August 2014
Francesca Halsall and Adam Peaty both took gold medals on the penultimate day of the European Championships to add to the British Gas GBR Swimming team's impressive medal tally.
22 August 2014
Adam Peaty set a new 50m Breaststroke World record and Molly Renshaw claimed silver in the 200m Breaststroke on day five of the European Swimming Championships in Berlin.
22 August 2014
Luke Greenbank helped Team GB's swimmers sign off from the Youth Olympic Games in style with bronze in the 200m Backstroke.
22 August 2018
Glasgow will host the 2018 LEN European Championships for swimming, diving, synchronised swimming and open water swimming after the LEN Bureau voted in favour of the Scottish city after the bidding process.
21 August 2014
Jazz Carlin scored her first individual European medal with gold in the 800m Freestyle as she dominated the second half of the race at the European Championships in Berlin.


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Silver King w/Basket Silk Plant - - - - Green
Live a life of luxury with this beautiful silk Silver King. Rich colorful hues and ornately designed leaves create a royal appeal that can�t be beat. At 31 inches tall, this lovely plant blends well in any home or office setting. Nestled in a shapely wicker basket bursting with moss, it makes a nice housewarming gift for family or friends. Best of all, there�s no watering or pruning required. Height= 31 in X Width= 26 in X Depth= 26 in
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Christmas Decoration Workshop
1 Dec - 1 Dec 2014
Christmas Decoration Workshop
2 Dec - 2 Dec 2014
Advanced Christmas Decoration Workshop
3 Dec - 3 Dec 2014
Christmas at Haddon Hall 2014
6 Dec - 17 Dec 2014
Tudor Christmas weekend
6 Dec - 7 Dec 2014
Interactive 360 degree virtual tour of Haddon Hall.
Our Licensed Restaurant is situated in the 17th Century stable block, with views over the River Wye.
Welcome to Haddon Hall's online ticket sales. Here you can buy your tickets for entry to Haddon Hall and Gardens during the year. Advance tickets for evening events are also available here.
Simply select the type of ticket you'd like to buy, select the date and purchase them online. Print off your tickets to bring with you on the day, it's that simple!
Please note that online tickets cannot be used in conjunction with any other special offers.
If you plan to visit on more than one occasion, you may wish to consider our Regular Visitor Pass. This gives 12 months' admission on normal opening days. In addition, you will also get advance notice of evening events and in many cases generous discounts on event tickets.
If special event tickets are showing as 'sold out' please call us (01629 810912) as there may be a few spaces left!
What tickets would you like to book?
Visiting on the 13th or 14th December with the children? Why not book a slot for them to see Father Christmas, and receive a small gift.
For Workshops, please click the relevant link below:
Christmas at Haddon Hall is always a beautiful sight to see. Why not see our traditional decorations lit by candlelight, on the 9th, 10th or 11th December.
On December 12th, join Lord and Lady Edward Manners for a private carol concert in our wonderfully atmospheric Chapel of St. Nicholas, set within the beautiful lower courtyard of Haddon Hall.
If you like to visit Haddon Hall regularly, have you considered a Regular Visitor Pass. This will allow you to visit the hall as much as you like during our opening times for a whole 12 months. (Not valid on special or evening events). They also make a fabulous gift!
£10 Gift vouchers are valid for 12 months from date of purchase, and can be used at the Haddon Hall Gift Shop or Ticket Office only.


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Angelo State Escapes with 42-41 Win over Michigan Tech in NCAA Playoffs November 22, 2014 HOUGHTON, Mich. — Garrett Mead had kicked two game-winning field goals earlier this season to help Michigan Tech go 9-1 and earn a berth... [full story]
#8 Ohio Dominican Earns 34-23 Win in Playoff Opener at #17 Mines November 22, 2014 ARVADA, Colo. – Ohio Dominican's football team went on the road to earn its first Division II playoff victory, taking a 34-23 win at No. 17... [full story]
Harlon Hill Watch – Six GLIAC Players Named Candidates for 2014 Harlon Hill Award November 20, 2014 FLORENCE - Ala. -- A total of 36 student-athletes from across the nation have been nominated for the 2014 Harlon Hill Trophy as the Division II... [full story]
Ferris State's Vander Laan Named 2014 #GLIACFB 'Player of the Year', All-GLIAC Awards Announced November 19, 2014 BAY CITY, Mich. -- Ferris State junior quarterback Jason Vander Laan was named 2014 Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC)... [full story]
Three #GLIACFB Schools End Regular Season Ranked in AFCA Top-25 November 17, 2014 WACO, TEX.– For the second year in a row, Minnesota State-Mankato ends the regular season at No. 1 in the AFCA Division II Coaches'... [full story]


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Changes related to "first island chain"
This is a list of changes made recently to pages linked from a specified page (or to members of a specified category). Pages on your watchlist are bold.
28 November 2014
25 November 2014
- (diff | hist) . . archipelago; 21:34 . . (+281) . . Equinox (Talk | contribs) (#* '''1851''', Herman Melville, ''Moby-Dick'' #*: For many years past the whaleship has been the pioneer in ferreting out the remotest and least known parts of the earth. She has explored seas and '''archipelagoes''' which had no chart, where no Cook or V)


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Originally written on Fox Soccer | Last updated 10/28/14
Lukas Podolski remains adamant that stuttering Arsenal can rescue their Premier League campaign - despite only winning five of their opening 15 games. The Gunners are currently sitting in mid-table and are a massive 15 points behind leaders Manchester United. But the 27-year-old Germany international believes it is possible for Arsene Wenger's side to ignite their season and close the gap on the leading pack, but insists they must start improving away from home. He told the Daily Express: "Right now we don't speak about the title because we are 15 points behind. "But football is very quick and you win three or four matches and another loses two or three matches and you are in. "We have more than 20 matches to go. When you are sixth or seventh in the table, people say you are not so good, or what has happened to Arsenal? When you play 38 matches then you can see. "We have played a lot of away games where we were the better team but we only got one po...
Original Story: http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/pr...
PLAYERS: Lukas Podolski, Arsene Wenger
1 Comment:
arsenal is a great team
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Tuesday's failure of the U.S. Senate to authorize the Keystone XL Pipeline is a vote against all construction workers, a vote to keep good, middle-class jobs locked out of reach and a vote to continue to rely on nations that hate America for our energy.
WASHINGTON -- It's not exactly the Ems Dispatch (the diplomatic cable Bismarck doctored to provoke the 1870 Franco-Prussian War). But what the just-resurfaced Gruber Confession lacks in world-historical consequence, it makes up for in world-class cynicism. This October 2013 video shows MIT professor Jonathan Gruber, a principal architect of Obamacare, admitting that, in order to get it passed, the law was made deliberately obscure and deceptive. It constitutes the ultimate vindication of the charge that Obamacare was sold on a pack of lies.
Put your big-girl pants on and let's talk party leadership.
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text: ESPN Feed: nick foles http://assets.espn.go.com/i/tvlistings/tv_espn_original.gif ESPN en-us 10 ESPN Inc. http://espn.go.com/ Copyright 2010 ESPN Inc. Early touchdown convinces USC to outgun Arizona instead of playing keep-away; conservative defense a work in progress.]]> October 02, 2011 20:01:15 PDT It wasn't pretty, especially on defense, but USC showed the resolve necessary to get back in the win column.]]> October 02, 2011 07:35:17 PDT After costing USC with three personal fouls last week, Trojans safety T.J. McDonald grabs two big early interceptions.]]> October 01, 2011 16:02:02 PDT Trojans use offensive fireworks to overcome defensive issues, get important bounce-back win.]]> October 01, 2011 14:56:17 PDT USC needs to generate a pass rush to protect its secondary, along with a run game to control the clock and keep Arizona's offense off the field.]]> September 28, 2011 21:06:33 PDT Arizona has lost three in a row and eight of nine dating to last season, but the Wildcats also have faced three top-10 teams already this season.]]> September 28, 2011 15:56:38 PDT Anthony Brown could get first career start Saturday in place of injured Torin Harris, faces tough test in Nick Foles and Arizona.]]> September 27, 2011 20:52:58 PDT Talking NCAA and Kiffin, receivers past and present, video boards, stadium security and financial security.]]> August 26, 2011 10:10:27 PDT


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Cool on Staff Favorite! Its better than nothing I suppose. While I know I won't be getting a check or anything, it'd be sweet if it came with at least a certificate or something to hang up on a wall.
I'll agree that categorization was a bit strange and confusing and there definitely should be some changes for less confusion like having an upbeat category etc. Its a good thing the rules will be getting a rework, hopefully they'll take feedback from us in getting it in line with other contests in general. I'll probably be PMing my thoughts on improvements for it.


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A silicon electro-optic waveguide modulator is formed using a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) configuration. Various embodiments are described using different modes of operation of the MOS diode and gate oxide thicknesses. In one example, a high-speed submicron waveguide active device is formed using silicon-on-insulator. A micro-ring resonator intensity-modulator exhibits switching times on the order of tens of pS with modulation depth of 73% with a bias voltage of 5 volts.
1. An electro-optic modulator comprising:
a ring waveguide supported by a substrate; and
a p-i-n junction embedded in the ring waveguide having highly doped p and n regions at least partially separated from a resonating mode of the ring waveguide.
2. The electro-optic modulator of
3. The electro-optic modulator of
4. The electro-optic modulator of
5. The electro-optic modulator of
6. The electro-optic modulator of
7. The electro-optic modulator of
8. An electro-optic modulator comprising:
a ring waveguide supported by a substrate; and
a MOS diode integrated with the ring waveguide to cause changes in a refractive index of the ring waveguide.
9. The electro-optic modulator of
highly doped regions on both an inside and outside of the ring waveguide; and
a gate separated from a top of the ring waveguide by a layer of insulation.
10. The electro-optic modulator of
11. The electro-optic modulator of
12. The electro-optic modulator of
13. The electro-optic modulator of
14. The electro-optic modulator of
This application claims priority to United States Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/658,536 (entitled Electro-Optic Modulation, filed Mar. 4, 2005) which is incorporated herein by reference.
The invention described herein was made with U.S. Government support under Contract No. ECS-0300387 awarded by National Science Foundation (NSF), under contract 2003-IT-674 awarded by DARPA, and under Grant No. ECS-9731293 awarded by the National Science Foundation. Further support was provided under grant No. F49620-03-1-0424 from AFOSR (Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). The United States Government has certain rights in the invention.
Metal interconnections are expected to become a bottleneck of performance of electronic systems as transistors continue to scale to smaller sizes. Optical interconnections, implemented at different levels ranging from rack-to-rack down to chip-to-chip and intra-chip interconnections could enable low power dissipation, low latencies and high bandwidths. The realization of such small scale optical interconnections relies on the ability to integrate micro-optical devices with the microelectronics chip. The recent demonstrations of silicon low-loss waveguides, amplifiers and lasers advance this integrative goal, but a silicon electro-optic modulator with a size small enough for chip-scale integration is needed.
A high-speed electro-optical modulator is formed in highly compact structures. The modulator is based on a light-confining structure that enhances the sensitivity of light to small changes in refractive index and also enables high speed operation.
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments which may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limited sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Sections of the following text describe different example embodiments of the invention. A first section describes an ultra-compact silicon electro-optic modulator. A second section describes high speed electro-optic modulation in high confinement silicon waveguides using metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) configurations. A third section provides a description of MOS geometries for integrating MOS and p-i-n structures.
Ultra-Compact Silicon Electro-Optic Modulator
Electro-optical control of light on silicon is challenging due to its weak electro-optical properties. The large dimensions of previously demonstrated structures were necessary in order to achieve a significant modulation of the transmission in spite of the small change of refractive index of silicon.
Light confining resonating structures can enhance the effect of refractive index change on the transmission response. Ring resonators have been used for all-optical modulation. The optical properties of one device was changed by using one beam of light to optically injecting free carriers and therefore control the flow of another beam of light. A doped ring resonator may have intrinsic carriers, which can be modulated by application of reverse bias voltages, affecting the flow of light.
A schematic of an example electro-optic modulator is shown in
The effective index of the ring is modulated electrically by carrier injection using a p-i-n junction 115 in the inset, embedded in the waveguide forming the ring resonator. The inset of
In one embodiment, the p-i-n ring resonator is formed on a SOI substrate with 3-μm buried oxide layer. Both the waveguide coupling to the ring and the one forming the ring have width of 450 nm and height of 250 nm. The diameter of the ring is approximately 12 μm, and the spacing between the ring and the straight waveguide is 275 nm. In order to ensure high coupling efficiency between the waveguide and the incoming optical fiber, nanotapers may be fabricated at the ends of the waveguide. A nanotaper is basically a narrowing of the waveguide to one or more nanometer size ends, which may be optically efficiently coupled to an optical fiber or larger waveguide structure. The structures may be defined using lithography followed by reactive ion plasma etching (RIE). After etching of the ring resonator structure, doping regions may be defined using photolithography, and doping may be accomplished by ion implantation. After ion implantation, a 1-μm thick silicon oxide layer may be deposited onto the wafer using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Vias are then opened into the oxide using photolithography and plasma etching for depositing the metal contacts. Dimensions referred to in these embodiments may be varied significantly, such as to obtain structures that resonate at different frequencies. Process steps may also be performed in different ways, and are described simply to illustrate one example method of fabricating the structures. In various embodiments, the radius of the ring may vary between approximately 1 and a few hundred microns.
The light confining nature of the modulator not only enables shrinking of the device size, but also enables high speed operation under p-i-n configuration. The p-i-n configuration of the modulator, as opposed to the MOS configuration, is important for achieving high modulation depth, since the overlap between the region where the index is changed and the waveguide mode index changes is large. However, p-i-n devices have been traditionally considered as relatively slow devices when compared to MOS ones. In these devices, while extraction of carriers in reverse biased operation can be fast, down to tens of ps, carriers injection in forward bias operation is slow, limited by the rise time of the p-i-n, on the order of 10 ns. The resonating nature of the modulator removes this speed limitation. The inset 340 of
In order to measure the dynamic response of the modulator, a 0.4 Gbit/s electrical signal generated by a pulsed pattern generator is used to drive the modulator. The peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) of the signal is 3.3 V. The output the waveguide is sent to a 12-GHz detector and the waveform is recorded on an oscilloscope.
The wavelength selective modulation property of the modulator can be utilized for building wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) interconnections, which can greatly extend the bandwidth of optical interconnections. Given the short length of the modulator (<20 μm) and the waveguide propagation loss of approximately 4+/−1 dB/cm, the insertion loss of the modulator itself is negligibly to light with wavelength detuned from the ring resonance. The small insertion loss of the modulator makes it possible to cascade multiple modulators along a single waveguide and modulate independently each WDM channel.
High-Speed Electro-Optic Modulation in High Confinement Silicon Waveguides using Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Configurations.
The electrical and optical properties of a silicon electro-optic waveguide modulator using a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) configuration are described. Device performance may be observed under different modes of operation of a MOS diode and gate oxide thicknesses as illustrated in
The main methods to alter the refractive index in Si are the thermo-optic effect and the plasma dispersion effect. The thermo-optic effect is rather slow and can be used only up to 1 MHz modulation frequency. For higher speed, electro-optic devices are required. Unstrained pure crystalline Si does not exhibit linear electro-optic (Pockels) effect and the refractive index changes due to the Franz-Keldysh effect and Kerr effect are very weak. Therefore, the free carrier dispersion effect is used to change electrically both the real refractive index and optical absorption coefficient. In a further embodiment, the resonator structure may be doped, creating intrinsic carriers. These carriers may also be modulated with a reverse bias voltage to modulate the light.
The free-carrier concentration in Si electro-optic devices can be varied by injection, accumulation, depletion or inversion of carriers. P-i-n diodes and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFET) may be employed for this purpose. In a previous work, we proposed and analyzed a waveguide active structure based on a p-i-n diode. That configuration was predicted to provide high modulation depth for very low power consumption. The switching time was calculated to be around 1.29 ns, limited by carrier diffusion (carrier injection process). The use of a MOS diode should lead to higher speed operation since the carrier distribution in the semiconductor is governed by a drift mechanism (electric field). Additional advantages of a MOS configuration are negligible dc power consumption and the fact that the refractive index change is localized under the gate electrode, and therefore no carrier confinement methods (like isolation trenches in a p-i-n diode) are necessary. In a MOS structure however, in carrier depletion, accumulation or inversion configuration, significant large concentration variations are possible only within small distances (a few tens of nanometers) beneath the insulated gate region. This produces a small overlap between the optical mode and the non-equilibrium charge distribution in the waveguide, leading to a smaller effective index variation in a MOS system than that in a p-i-n configuration. A small index change requires a very long structure, on the order of millimeter, in order to induce a significant modulation depth.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a micron-size MOS-based high-index-contrast SOI waveguide provides high-speed electro-optic modulation in Si based on strong light confinement. The light confinement enhances the effect of small index changes on the transmission of the device, enabling an ultra-compact structure with high modulation depth. In one embodiment, a studied high-index-contrast waveguide structure permits, contrary to previous works, negligible losses for a radius of curvature as small as 5 μm, allowing the implementation of high dense photonic circuits. In a further embodiment, a structure studied is based on sub-micron size high index contrast waveguides, enabling contrary to previous works, negligible losses for a radius of curvature as small as 5 μm, allowing the implementation of high dense photonic circuits.
The silicon layer (device layer) has a background doping concentration of 1015 cm−3 in
From the values of the electron and hole concentrations at any point of the Si core waveguide (calculated with the electrical model described below), the induced real refractive index and optical absorption coefficient variations (Δn and Δα, respectively) produced by free-carrier dispersion at a wavelength of 1.55 μm are calculated by using:
Eq. 1 indicates that the effect on the refractive index of holes is approximately three times larger than that due to electrons for the same carrier concentration. Eq. 2 reveals that the contribution to the absorption coefficient due to holes is lower than that due to electrons. These two facts justify the use of the hole distribution to vary the refractive index for all the MOS modes of operation illustrated in
A two-dimensional simulation package, ATLAS from SILVACO, may be employed to achieve the electrical calculations. The device modeling software may be used to analyze electro-optic modulators in SOI waveguides. This program simulates internal physics and device characteristics of semiconductor devices by solving Poisson's equation and the charge continuity equations for electrons and holes numerically. The surfaces of the waveguide have been considered oxide-passivated. The main parameters used in the simulations are shown in Table I.
The following sections discuss the modal and geometry characteristics of the waveguide structure, and the variation of the effective refractive index and optical losses of the configurations illustrated in
In one embodiment, all the structures in
Optical coupling from (to) an optical fiber to (from) the considered high-index-contrast rib waveguide can be efficiently achieved by using an inverse nanotaper. Mode delocalization can be used in order to effectively bridge between the mode and index mismatch of index sub-micron size waveguides and large fibers using compact structures.
Static characteristics are now discussed. In various embodiments, a highly doped or metal gate electrode region may add significant optical losses if its distance to the Si waveguide (hgox) is too short, since it would overlap significantly with the optical mode field. On the other hand, hgox cannot be very long in order to allow for small operation voltages. Therefore, a tradeoff must be found for the value of hgox.
The bias-dependencies of the accumulation- and inversion-mode configurations are similar for both values of hgox. In both cases, a thin layer of holes is formed beneath the gate oxide. The hole concentration in this layer increases with the absolute value of the gate voltage (negative). The values of |Δneff| are slightly higher for the accumulation mode than for the inversion mode for the same Vg, because holes are majority carriers for the former regime and minority carriers in the latter, and therefore, higher hole concentration values are obtained in the former. In both
According to these results, under dc operation, the accumulation- or the inversion-mode configurations should be desirable since they exhibit losses as low as 3.6 dB/cm for Vg=0 V (hgox=200 nm) for the first embodiment, and 15 dB/cm for 5V in the second embodiment. The simulations discussed so far are for TE-like polarization. For the TM-like mode the lower losses achievable are significantly higher, on the order of 20 dB/cm (hgox=200 nm) for the first embodiment and on the order of 59 dB/cm for the second embodiment; therefore hereafter we consider only the TE-like fundamental modes for the operation of the device. For the second embodiment, for TE-like mode, it is also deduced from the simulations that the thickness of the gate oxide should be hgox=200 nm rather than hgox=100 nm in order to avoid excessive losses due to the metal gate electrode. A gate oxide thickness of 200 nm will be also assumed for both embodiments in order to avoid excessive losses due to the gate electrode.
The small-signal transient response determines the feasibility of the device to be used for high-speed data modulation. In the studied configurations, the small-signal response will be defined by the MOS total capacitance (CT), which is given by the series combination of the gate oxide capacitance (Cgox) and the semiconductor depletion-region capacitance (Cd). The value of Cgox is constant and corresponds to the maximum capacitance of the system. The value of CT will depend on the operation mode of the MOS diode. Below, the small signal characteristics for the three modes of operation are discussed for the various embodiments.
In the accumulation regime (
For the depletion-mode structure shown in
The threshold voltage of the inversion configuration (
Thus, for small signal ac operation either the accumulation-or the depletion modes could be considered. The former exhibits less loss, while the latter may operate at higher frequency.
A large-signal transient (pulse operation) study of the accumulation- and depletion-mode structures may be carried out by using ATLAS. A 100-ns-long gate voltage pulse with OFF-state gate voltage Vg,OFF=0V and ON-state gate voltage Vg,ON<0 for accumulation and Vg,ON>0 for depletion, may be applied to the simulated device. Rise and fall times of the voltage pulse were equal to 10 ps.
The absence of the inversion layer in the depletion-mode device under pulse operation also leads to a decrease of the transmission losses under deep depletion operation as shown in
For depletion, gate voltages higher than 20 V may lead to an electric field in the semiconductor beneath the gate oxide higher than 3×105 V/cm, which is the breakdown electric field in Si. This imposes a limitation on the allowed gate voltage (20 V) and, therefore, on the maximum effective refractive index change (2.5×10−4) and minimum transmission losses (6.37 dB/cm for the first embodiment, or 17.82 dB/cm for the second embodiment) that can be obtained under deep depletion operation.
Table II shows the calculated turn-on and turn-off times of the accumulation and depletion devices for different ON-state gate voltages. The turn-on (turn-off) time is defined as the time needed for the carrier concentration to reach its maximum (minimum) value when the gate voltage is stepped from Vg,OFF (Vg,ON) to Vg,ON (Vg,OFF). Switching times (turn-on time +turn off time) on the order of tens of ps are predicted, the depletion operation being slightly faster than the accumulation, as expected from the small-signal analysis.
The transmission of an optical resonator is highly sensitive to small index changes, making it ideal for intensity modulation in a short length. Thus, a suitable application of the studied configuration is a waveguide intensity modulator based on a microring resonator as that shown in
The output transmissivity (out port) of the microring modulator may be estimated by using the transfer matrix method. Bending losses were calculated by employing the BPM, and the spacing between ring and bus waveguides was estimated by using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The ring radius and the power-coupling coefficient (|κ2|), which is related to dg, will determine the main resonator parameters: quality factor Q (=ω0/ΔωFWHM, with ω0 the resonance frequency and ΔωFWHM the full frequency width at half maximum), cavity lifetime τph(=Q/ω0), and total internal loss Ai [=(αT+αbend)2πR, with αT the transmission losses and αbend the bending losses]. For optimum performance, it is required: high Q, for high modulation; small τph, for high switching speed; and low Ai, for high transmittance. In order to have a resonance at the probe wavelength λprobe=1550 nm, the ring radius must also satisfy the condition 2πR=m(λprobe/2neff), where m is an integer and neff=neff,OFF+Δneff, with neff,OFF being the effective index in the OFF state (Vg=0V) and Δneff being the variation of the effective refractive index when a gate voltage is applied (ON state). For the unbiased case, a trade-off among the aforementioned ring parameters is found for R=6.9 μm and |κ2|=0.012, which corresponds to a gap spacing dg=490 nm. This results, for the accumulation case, in Q=2.82×104, τph=23.2 ps and Ai=0.028 dB (αT=3.6 dB/cm and αbend=2.9 dB/cm). For the depletion case, we obtain Q=2.14×104, τph=17.6 ps and Ai=0.065 dB (αT=8.6 dB/cm and αbend=6.4 dB/cm). Note that the bending losses are higher for depletion because the refractive index of the core waveguide at zero bias is smaller (due to the background doping of 2×107 cm−3) than that of the accumulation case; thus, the index contrast between the Si core and the oxide cladding is reduced, resulting in a weaker optical confinement in the bent waveguide (higher radiation losses) than that obtained for the accumulation case. It is also seen, that for the same ring parameters, the depletion device exhibits a poorer Q than the accumulation device due to the higher losses (both transmission and bend) in the former.
The value of τph for the depletion device is higher than the turn-on and turn-off times due to carrier distribution (Table II), meaning that the switching speed for this configuration will be limited by τph=17.6 ps. For the accumulation device, the calculated turn-on and turn-off times due to carrier dynamics (Table II) at low voltage operation (5 V and 10 V) are higher than the photon lifetime of the ring (23.3 ps); therefore, the carrier-induced transient times will limit the switching speed of the ring modulator for the accumulation configuration.
The modulation depth (M) of the microring modulator at a given wavelength is defined as (POFF−PON)/POFF, where POFF and PON are the transmitted output power (out port) in the OFF and ON states, respectively.
Due to the non-negligible value of the thermo-optic effect in Si (dn/dT≈2×10−4 K−1), temperature effects on the index should be minimized in the studied configurations. This can be achieved by employing strain silicon waveguide introduced in the fabrication process by, for example, controlling the overcladding deposition conditions. The introduced strain induces a decrease of the refractive index with temperature, which counterbalances the thermo-optic effect in silicon.
In a further embodiment, the transmission at the resonance wavelength of an optical cavity is highly sensitive to small index changes, making them ideal for intensity modulation in a short length. Thus, an immediate application of the studied configuration is a straight waveguide intensity modulator based on a microcavity illustrated generally at 1600 in
The performance of the device assuming that the microcavity is estimated equivalent to a Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity defined by distributed Bragg reflectors of reflectivity R, diffraction losses D, cavity length ad and internal losses Ac. The transmission characteristics of the resonator may be calculated by using the equation:
The photon lifetime (τph) of the 21.56-μm-long resonator, that is, the time for the stored energy in the cavity to vanish after the external supply is shut off, was estimated to be 4.8 ps [=λr/Δλ1/2, where λr is the resonance wavelength (=1.55 μm) and Δλ1/2 is the full width at half maximum at the resonance wavelength]. The value of τph is smaller than the switching times obtained in section IV.C, meaning that the transient response of the modulator will be determined by the hole concentration dynamic distribution (switching times on the order of 10 ps).
The order of magnitude of |Δneff| achievable in the studied configurations is on the same order of magnitude than that produced by the thermo-optic effect in Si (dn/dT≈2×10−4 K−1). This implies that in order to avoid undesired thermo-optic effects an accurate control of the device (or chip) temperature is necessary. In addition, an accurate control of the probe wavelength and/or of the cavity length is desired for optimum operation of the modulator.
For the sake of comparison, Table III shows a list of proposed all-silicon electro-optic modulators recently reported in the literature. The MOS device analyzed in this work is expected to improve significantly previous designs in terms of switching time and dc power consumption
Electro-optic MOS SOI high-index-contrast waveguide modulators have been described for 1.55-μm operation wavelength. The real refractive index and absorption coefficient of the core Si waveguide are changed by using the free-carrier dispersion effect produced by a MOS diode. A gate oxide thickness of 200 nm has been shown to be a good tradeoff between low gate electrode losses and low bias voltage operation. Both accumulation and depletion operation modes are well suited for high-speed applications, with the former mode exhibiting lower loss. Modulation depths of 73% for a first embodiment, and greater than or equal to approximately 19% for the second metal gate embodiment, and switching times on the order of tens of picoseconds are predicted for bias voltages of only 5 V or higher. The studied electro-optic modulator is therefore a very promising candidate for implementing Si micro- and nano-photonic integrated circuits for high-speed applications.
Mos and Geometries for Integrating Mos and Pin.
MOS can lead to very high speed (perhaps tend to hundreds of G Gbpsec. However, the pin can also work for high speed, perhaps not as high as the MOS but very high (at least 10 Gbpsec). Electro-optic devices such as that shown in
Novel light confinement geometries for modulators and switches in the form of 2D guided-wave structures, such as four port devices for routing signals on-chip (see
Both devices are based on ring resonators. The resonant nature of the device induces high sensitivity to small index changes making them ideal for high modulation depth at low drive powers for very compact devices.
An example p-i-n structure to be investigated is illustrated at 1900 in
An example of an MOS structure is shown at 2000 in
In order to achieve higher modulation depths, rings with higher Q's may be used. This may be achieved using: 1. a larger distance between the incoming waveguide and the ring resonator than 100 nm, 2. minimizing light scattering in the waveguides due to sidewall roughness by special fabrication methods such as oxidations and 3. using a thicker gate oxide, in order to minimize absorption in the ring.
Electro-optic modulators in the form of ring or disc waveguide resonators and other types of resonators, such as photonic crystal cavities and other cavities that may operate as resonators, may be varied in size. Diameters of ring or disc resonators may be between approximately 10 to 14 um. Other size modulators may also be utilized, such as 30 um diameter modulators and larger or smaller. In one embodiment, the diameter is less than 500 um in diameter.
The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b) to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.
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Lickety Split at MASS MoCA
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We are MASS MoCA's independent museum cafe, featuring breakfast, lunch , snacks and dinner served before performing arts events. We are also home to Herrells Ice Cream, made on the premises.
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Latest Issue
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Providing the latest business, scientific, and regulatory news for the pharmaceutical and biotech industries.
News from Europe's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry coupled with upcoming events, and exclusive articles and interviews from industry experts.
Roche Chairman to Step Down in 2014
Franz B. Humer, chairman of the board of directors of the Roche Group, announced at the company's March 5 annual general meeting that he will not stand for re-election to the Board in 2014. The company will nominate a successor for the chairmanship in autumn 2013.
The Roche Board has decided that Humer's successor will also serve as non-executive Chairman, thus maintaining the established separation of the offices of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, according to a company statement.


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Todd Marcucci is VP, Research & Development for eFleets Corporation (formerly Good Earth Energy Conservation, Inc.), a manufacturer of all- electric Essential Services Vehicles based in Fort Worth, TX. He graduated from Texas A&M University with a B.S. in Electronics Engineering Technology. In addition to working in various consulting positions, Todd has managed global lab operations for Littelfuse, Inc., worked in product development for Teccor Electronics, and RELTEC/Marconi Communications. He has also been owner-operator of a small automotive performance business. He has a diverse background in product development, test & measurement, and customer support in a variety of industries such as automotive, consumer, and telecommunications. When not working or spending time with family, he can generally be found under the hood of a vehicle or scheming his return to amateur automotive racing.
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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01From Cycling The World To Rowing The Arctic... We Talk Adventure With Mark Beaumont
02Four Mini Adventures That Are Closer Than You Know
03This Odyssey Vancouver Edit Will Give You The BMX Fix You Desperately Need
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Jake's VX Mix
A Skateboarding video by Sidewalk - 1,892 views
Jake Donnelly skates with a coveted combination of speed, power, and style. He handled this part in less than a month while back home in Buffalo, though you'll notice the face-melting ender happened right here by the Bay. Wow.
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Central Nice Apartment Rental Photos and Description
Near Garibaldi, Old city, Pedestrian street, Promenade, beach
PLEASE for groups of more than 5 persons, please give your age. Please note that we accept in no case,group of party people, it is a quite area and there are other holiday makers in the Villa.
In a quite and central area, green, just near Acropolis and museum of modern art, 5 mm walking distance to old city and port. This 6 rooms flat of 120m² occupy the whole first and last stage of the Villa; it is divided in 2 independant flats with 2 isophonic communication doors inside. It has a main entrance with marmor staircage opening on the right on a 3 bedrooms flat with living room with coach for 2 ,south-east terrace and well equiped US kitchen, bathroom with WC inside, and on the left , a 1 bedroom flat with living room with terrace south-west, an independant and full equipped kitchen and another bathroom with WC inside. Price depending on number of persons and duration of the stay. Smokers only on the terraces. Bedlinen and towels provided. Outgoing cleaning extra. The villa is on a little hill, there are outside stairs corresponding to 1,5 floor. To locate the Villa : please simply tipp villa rima on google map .Free parking in the street, public parking at 400 m
Ideal for a big family or a group of friends or 2 - 4 couples with children, or for professionals who work at the Acropolis. You could not be better located to fully experience the incredibly vibrant region of the Alpes Maritimes and Riviera.
There is no need for a car, you can walk or take public transports to all amenities! We know the area well, so please, just ask us for information on restaurants and concert venues.
There are plenty of activities at 2 mm walk, to keep you entertained such as a cinema, museum, bowling and karaoke, amongst other attractions, tennis clubs and sport clubs. For winter days there is a big olympic swiming pool at 7 mm, with a modern fitness center with jaccuzzi, saunas, spas and UV centers, and a very big ice rink.
- Suitability:
- Long-term Renters Welcome
- non smoking only
- pets not allowed
- unsuitable for elderly or infirm
Why Nathalie Dupont chose Central Nice
The location of the property is the perfect place to start a day excursion to one of the countless wonders of the coast or " arriere pays". Whether by car, by train, or with one of the many buses (1euro or 7 days Pass for 15 euros) departing from the nearby main bus station, you will soon be on the 'corniche' roads for a memorable side trip. On the road to the Mercantour or to the Vesubie, you will find picturesque perched villages with an important historical and cultural patrimonial .
The beautiful city of Nice on the French Riviera has a lot to show, but don't forget to visit all the attractions of the Alpes Maritimes and surrounding areas.
What makes this apartment unique
- central, 2 mm walk to pedestrian street and tramway
- quite area + tripple glasing windows
- 2 flats in 1 : 2 kitchen, 2 living, 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, 2 terraces offering individual space to each people of the group


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Point of Origin
Samaritan hunts a member of Team Machine in episode 8.
Down Under
With the Brotherhood behind them, Reese and Silva make a daring escape.
Honor Among Thieves
Check out highlights from the seventh episode.
The Man Behind It All
As Walter is kept under police detail, the FBI considers Walter to be high risk.


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AT&T Systems, Inc.
B-401701,B-401701.2: Nov 12, 2009
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A&T Systems, Inc. of Silver Spring, Maryland protests the issuance of a task order for information management communications services for Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, to Cordev, Inc., of Falls Church, Virginia under a task order proposal request (TOPR), issued by the Department of the Army under multiple award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (ID/IQ) contract No. W91RUS-08-D-0001.
We deny the protest.
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CHE Partnership call: The First Thousand Days: Chemical Exposures in Early Life and Beyond
Tues, Dec 2
CHE Partnership call: Elections and Environmental Health
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CHE Partnership call: Health Effects of Perinatal Exposures to BPA and Other Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): State of the Science and Policy Update
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Hosted by the CHE Alaska Working Group
11/19/14: MP3 recording available: BPA and Health: New Research Focuses on Routes of Exposure
11/19/14: MP3 recording available: Working for a Toxics-Free Future: International Efforts to Protect the Arctic from the World's Most Dangerous Chemicals
11/12/14: MP3 recording available: Type 1 Diabetes and the Environment
11/4/14: MP3 recording available: Fracking's Wide Health Impact: From the Ozone to the Ground Water and All Those Living in Between, a Science Update
10/20/14: MP3 recording available: Four Years After the President's Cancer Panel Report: Recommendations and Next Steps
CHE Partners on why they value our work
Ashok Agarwal, PhD, HCLD
Slides: EMF and Reproductive Health Risks
Cell Phones and Male Infertility: A Review of Recent Innovations in Technology and Consequences
Pathophysiology of cell phone radiation: oxidative stress and carcinogenesis with focus on male reproductive system
Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study
Epigenetics and its role in male infertility
De-Kun Li, MD, PhD, MPH
Slides: Effect of Exposure to Magnetic Fields on Pregnancy Outcomes, Health of Offspring, and Male Fertility
A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study of Personal Exposure to Magnetic Fields During Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage
Exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of poor sperm quality
Maternal Exposure to Magnetic Fields During Pregnancy in Relation to the Risk of Asthma in Offspring
Carlo V. Bellieni, MD & Iole Pinto, PhD
Slides: Physical Hazards in Fetuses and Newborns: Electromagnetic Fields
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields From Laptop Use of "Laptop" Computers
Reduction of exposure of newborns and caregivers to very high electromagnetic fields produced by incubators
Electromagnetic fields produced by incubators influence heart rate variability in newborns
C.V. BELLIENI, M. RIGATO, M. FORTUNATO, D.M. CORDELLI, F. BAGNOLI. Increasing the engine-mattress distance in neonatal incubators: a way to decrease exposure of infants to electromagnetic fields. ITAL J PEDIATR 2003;29:74-80.
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