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5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS N,
S. BREEN ETAL SPEED SLAVING METHOD AND APPARATUS Nov. 13, 1962 Filed May 18. 1956 ATTORNEYS Nov. 13, 1962 s. BREEN ETAL SPEED SLAVING METHOD AND APPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Flled May 18. 1956 @mala IN VENTOR ATTORNEYS SPEED SLAVING METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed May 18. 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 1W UWT LTT-L L 1:51 /III I I L I 70m42- 7U M1572?? I I l Pff/5f awry I A?. L'Y I l 1 A l 1:59 1R57 1F66 Alea l I I I I .1W/aw- //cvr O/Vm' I//VFT I m46 /Mq/r 000515 wa/7- I fz/P @op 20o FMP ,1W/awr 000m/7 @0W-.1am l l 4x5 56 I 61,7? I
l LF l al /La L65? l ,o MAF I I l 1L-i5 I l I I MWA/M455 'gl I I i I m aow/v vaar 9 7a z/P /A/Af/T l of' 0560.05? 0F 056005K I I l i905/VCE .f2/P FMP @icy/7- INVENTORS ATTORNEYS Nov. 13, 1962 s. BREEN ETAL 3,064,173
SPEED SLAVING METHOD AND APPARATUS Flled May 18. 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 BY 6fm, 7607@ Wwf ATTORNEYS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 S. BREEN ETAL SPEED SLAVING METHOD AND APPARATUS Nov. 13, 1962 Filed May 18, 1956 United States' Parent lice SFPEED @LAW/LNG Malti-wi) ANB Stanley Ereen and Walter Richard Peck, Asheville, NC.,
assignors, by mesne assignments, to Ceianese Corporation ot' American New York, FLY., a corporation of Delaware Filed May te, 19Std,r Ser. Ivorjal i4 Claims. SiS- side) This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for driving one or more slave, shafts in exact speed correspondence with a master frequency and, more particularly, to a system including at least a source of a master frequency and one slave shaft in which an exact correspondence and predetermined ratio of frequency of the master source and speed of the slave shaft can be obtained. The invention also relates to an apparatus for comparing two trains of voltage pulses to obtain an output indicative of their difference, which apparatus automatically insures that the output be accurate despite the sequence of arrival of the two trains of pulses at the apparatus. The invention further relates to an apparatus for generating a predetermined number of voltage pulses for each rotation of a shaft, with the number of pulses generated being selectable over a wide range.
There are many instances in industry where one shaft is rotated to perform a task and that rotation must be in exact correspondence with the rotation of another shaft which is performing a different task. One instance of such use is in the paper making and synthetic filament manufacturing industries where the uniformity of the end product of the process is dependent upon the speed of two shafts, one drawing the solution out of the supply tank, and the other drawing the product to the desired thickness. In these processes, any variation in the predetermined `speed ratio between the two shafts is disadvantageous to the qualities of the end product.
Previously suggested speed controls of the electric type may be divided into two general categories. The first category includes a D.C. tachometer generator driven by each of the two shafts, with the voltage outputs of the two generators compared and used to drive a servo system which drives the slaved shaft. The second type of control substitutes an alternator for the D.C. generator and uses the variation in frequency of the changing speed of one shaft with respect to the other. With the first type of control, ratios of speeds other than 1:1 are achieved by a predetermined voltage division on one of the generators, and with the second type, by the use of mechanical speed reducers. The D.C. tachomcter generator method is capable of achieving accuracies of the order of `1/2%, while the alternator-variable frequency system is accurate to within 0.1%, with the errors of both systems being of both the short term and long term drift types.
While these systems of the prior art seem to be quite accurate, even the small errors which they produce are extremely disadvantagcous in methods of the type above described. Moreover, the range of adjustment of these systems is limited. Further, a major disadvantage of rior velocity drives is their inherent inability to maintain exact accuracy for long periods of time, of the order of days, and to repeatexactly speed relationships previously established after a change has been made therein.
In contrast to these prior systems, the method and apparatus of this invention is capable of achieving any conceivable ratio of velocities between two shafts with no accumulative error in position and with a transient velocity error of the order of 0.01%, and further with an average velocity error of zero.
ln order to obtain such accurate results, the method of the present invention includes generating a first constant predetermined number of pulses of voltage during each 3,064,173 Patented Nov. 13, i952 revolution of a slave shaft and generating a second constant predetermined number of pulses ot' voltage during a predetermined period of time, the ratio of the pulses being selectable, selecting a portion only of at least one of the trains of pulses to obtain two trains. of pulses of the same frequency, comparing the rst and second numbers of pulses to obtain a voltage output indicative of their difference, and controlling the velocity of the slave shaft in accordance with this voltage. In its preferred embodiment, where a master shaft controls a siave shaft, the apparatus includes a pair of magnetic, coinmutator, or photoelectric drums driven by the slave and master shafts, respectively, with each drum having a pluralityV of recordings of voltage pulses along/its periphery, means for sensing the recordings mounted adjacent the drum, means for selecting the number of pulses from the sensing means, means for comparing the number of pulses from each of Vhe slave and master drums to derive an analog voltage, and a servo amplifier for driving the slave motor provided with the analog voltage as an input.
The pulse train-comparing apparatus of the invention includes a pair of sequence circuits providing their outputs to a reversible counter, the sequence circuits each having two inputs, one being supplied by pulses from the associated drum and the other being supplied vwith a series of uniformly time-spaced pulses from a clock oscillator, with the sequence circuits and the clock oscillator cooperating to insure that pulses from the master and slave drums cannot arrive at the counter unit at the same time. The lengths and amplitudes of the master and slave pulses can vary from pulse to pulse without effect on the system.
The pulse generating apparatus of the invention includes a drum driven `by a shaft, the drum having a plu` rality of discrete areas of a detectable characteristic spaced along its periphery, means for providing a plurality of separated trains of voltage outputs including means for detecting said characteristic of the discrete areas, and switches for selecting which of the trains of voltage pulses should progress to the output.
The invention also includes a particularly advantageous arrangement of recordings on a drum to insure that the best average distribution of pulses is obtained therefrom, no matter which of the pulse train circuits are complete.
The method and apparatus of the present invention will now be more fully described in conjunction with preferred embodiments thereof, illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings,
FIG. l is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment f the invention using a magnetic drum and a plurality of magnetic picL -up heads to generate the pulses from each of the master and slave shafts;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the drum of FIG. l, showing the arrangement of the recordings thereon;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pulse train comparing means of FIG. l including the clock oscillator and the sequence iiip flop circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a double input flip flop of the type used in the apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 5y is a schematic view of another type of appara tus which can be used to generate the pulses for the shaft rotation; and
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the invention in which a master oscillator controls each of two slave shafts.
Referring first to FlG. l, a load l, such as an apparatus for drawing a filament from a solution in a supply tank, is driven by a shaft diagrammatically indicated at 2. Shaft 2 is driven by a master electric motor which is connected to an appropriate source of driving voltage (not shown). Shaft 2 also drives a drum l which carries a plurality of pulses of voltage recorded thereon, preferably magnetically. The pulses, as will later be described in conjunction with FIG. 2, are arranged on the drum in a plurality of axially-spaced tracks or rows, and the pulses are detected by a plurality of axially-spaced magnetic pick-up heads which are mounted adjacent the periphery of the drum. All of the pick-up heads 5 provide their outputs to an output circuit or line 6, through a number of separate circuits '7, one for each of the pickup heads. Each of the circuits 7 has a manually-operated switch connected therein to control whether the output of its pick-up head is supplied to output circuit 6.
Output circuit 6 is connected to the input of a voltage ampliiier 7 of conventional type which supplies a train of pulses of voltage to a master pulse divider 8. Pulse divider 8 is of conventional type and may divide by any integer and be controllable to select the ratio between the number of pulses provided its output to the number of pulses supplied to its input. For instance, a binary or decimal counter may be used.
The output of the master pulse divider 8 is provided to one input of a sequence ilip op circuit 9 which will be more fullydescribed in conjunction with FIG. 3. The sequence circuit is also provided with a pair of trains of time-spaced voltage pulses from a clock oscillator 10 over lines 11 and 12. It is essential that the clock oscillator frequency be higher than any possible frequency of inputs to the sequence circuit from the master or slave shafts.
The sequence circuit 9 is also provided with a train of voltage pulses from the slave shaft through a slave pulse divider 13 of construction corresponding to that of the master pulse divider. The master and slave pulse dividers may be set so that different ratios between their output and input pulses are obtained with the two dividers. The slave pulse divider receives its input from a voltage amplifier 14 of construction corresponding to that of amplifier 7 rlfhe input to ampliiier 14 is provided from an output circuit 15 of a pulse-generating apparatus including a magnetic drum 16 driven by slave shaft 1'7. The slave shaft also drives an appropriate load 13, which may be an apparatus for drawing a lament to its proper size, and the shaft is driven by an electric motor 19 whose speed is controlled by the magnitude of its input voltage from a servo amplier Ztl.
Slave magnetic drum 16 is of construction corresponding to that of master magnetic drum 4, but it may have a different number of pulses recorded thereon. The recorded pulses from the slave drum are sensed by magnetic pick-up heads 21 which provide their outputs to circuits 22 having switches 23 therein to control the nurnber of trains of pulses from the various pick-up heads which will reach the output circuit 15.
The sequence iiip ilop circuit 9 provides its two outputs to a decoder unit 2.5 which includes a reversible binary counter having a down and an up input. One of the outputs of the sequence circuit controls the down input of the counter, While the other output controls the up input of the counter. The decoder unit is of conventional type and provides an output analog voltage which is of magnitude indicative of the difference in number of the pulses provided to the input of the counter on the down input from the pulses provided on the up input. The analog voltage output of the decoder unit is supplied to the servo amplifier which, as indicated above, provides a voltage of magnitude determining the speed of the slave electric motor 19.
it will be noted that the apparatus of FiG. l provides a comparison between the instantaneous positions of the two shafts, and it does not directly measure the velocities of the shafts. The apparatus is therefore not susceptible to velocity error as the prior art velocity slaving systems are.
The distribution of the pulses of.voltage on the master and slave magnetic drums may be as shown in FIG. 2,
there being P positions in each row.
with the small rectangular discrete areas 30 represent# ing the recorded pulses. The recordings 30 are distributed over the periphery of the drum along a plurality of axially-spaced tracks or rows, each row having a pick-up head 5 positioned opposite it to respond to passage of one of the recordings 30 by the pick-up head. In order to obtain the best average distribution of the pulses recorded on the drum, no matter which of the tracks or rows of the drum are to send pulse trains through to the output circuit 6, P-l pulses are arranged on the drum in n rows, with n being selected such that is a whole number, and the recordings in each row k being.'
(By best distribution, we mean the best averaging of pulses per unit angle around the periphery of the drum.)
. For the apparatus of FIG. l including four tracks or rows of recordings on the drum and four pick-up heads to respond to the various tracks, the l5 pulses are arranged: in the first row with a single pulse in the eighth position, in the seocnd row with pulses in the fourth and twelfth positions, in the third row with pulses in the second, sixth, tenth, and fourteenth positions, and in the fourth row with pulses in the odd positions from l to l5. With this arrangement of pulses, the best distribution thereof during each rotation of the drum 4 is obtained, no matter which of switches 8 are closed.
The apparatus of FIGS. l and 2 has been described as including a pulse generating means which comprises a magnetic drum having discrete recordings of voltage pulses thereon. It will be obvious, however, that it is not necessary that a magnetic drum be used, it only being Y necessary that recordings or discrete areas be arranged on a drum and have a characteristic differing from the characteristics of the surrounding area of the drum, the characteristic of the discrete areas being detectable, with the drum cooperating with an apparatus to detect passage of the discrete areas by it. For instance, a photo system including a source of light, a photo-electric cell, and a plurality of mirrors arranged around the periphery of the drum to iill the discrete areas, could function to provide the train of voltage pulses desired. These mirrors could also be arranged according to the formula indicated in conjunction with FIG. 2.
The magnetic drum of the described apparatus could also be replaced by a commutator having conductive elements arranged in the discrete areas referred to and whose presence in each row is detected by a brush connected in a circuit with a source of potential. The simplest form of such a commutator would have all the odd-numberedsegments ofthe commutator connected to one switch-controlled circuit, yevery other evennurn bered segment connected to a second switch-controlled circuit, every fourth even-numbered segment connected to a third switch-controlled circuit, etc., with the sides of the switches remote from the segments connected in parallel to the pulse divider.
It will also be appreciated that it is not even necessary lthat a drum be used, since the pulse generating device could consist of an oscillator whose frequency is controlled by the rotating shaft.
The apparatus for comparing the two trains of pulses obtained from the master and slave magnetic drums is more specifically shown in FIG. 3, together with wave forms of the voltage at various points in the apparatus.
spedire This apparatus is designed to prevent a master and a slave pulse from being counted simultaneously, since, the master and slave pulses being capable of occurring in any random time distribution, they might arrive at substantially the same time. The clock oscillator 10 of FIG. 3 includes a free-running multivibrator 35 of conventional design which yields at its output a square wave voltage of constant frequency. The output of the multivibrator is diierentiated through a circuit including a series capacitor 36 and a shunt resistor 37, thus yielding a pulse output with peaks of alternating positive and negative voltage. This differentiated train of pulses is provided to the inputs of a double input flip flop 38 through a pair of rectiiers 39 and 4t) connected to the l and 0 inputs of. the flip iiop. The rectiiiers are poled in such fashion that only the negative pulses have any effects on the flip flop 38.
The double input iiip flop 3S may be of any appropriate type, but an example of its construction is shown in FlG. 4. In that figure, the tiip flop includes a double triode tube shown in such state that its section 41 is conducting and its section 4l' is not conducting. The cathodes of the two triodes are connected together and their common lead is connected through a resistor .42 to a source of high negative voltage, B- (not shown). The grids of the two triode sections are each connected through a pair of resistors 43 and 44, and 43 and 44', respectively, to B-, and the plates of the two triodes are connected to each others grid circuit through the shunt combination of a resistor and a capacitor 45 and 46, and 45 and 45', respectively, the plate circuit being connected to the junction between the two resistors of the grid to cathode circuit.
Each of the plate circuits of the two triodes includes a pair of series-connected resistances 47 and 48, and 47 and 48', the ultimate connection being to ground. The inputs of the flip flop are provided to the plates of the two triodes, the 0 input going to the plate of the conducting section 41 and the 1 input going to the pla-te of the non-conducting section 41. The 0 and 1 outputs are taken between the respective resistors 47 and 48 and 47' and 48 and ground. The apparatus also includes a normally-closed switch i) in the grid circuit of the section 41 which is operative to reset the flip liop to the O condition shown, when the switch is opened.
The double input flip iiop of FIG. 4 operates in conventional fashion which need not be fully described at this point. When the iiip flop of FIG. 4 is used in the circuit 38 of FIG. 3, with the flip flop in the 0` condition shown in FIG. 4, a negative pulse on the 1 input turns oif the O triode and throws the l triode into conduction, which conduction continues until a negative pulse is received upon the 0 input, when the conduction conditions reverse. The wave forms of the 0 and l outputs of ip flop circuit 38 are then as shown in FIG. 3.
The two outputs of the iip iiop circuit 38 are then differentiated through a network including series capacitors 51 and Si' and shunt resistors 5 2 and 52', respectively, connected to ground. The differentiated outputs of the tiip flop circuit 3S then. consist of a pair of trains of voltage pulses which are alternately positive and negative, with the positive pulses of one train coinciding with the negative pulses of the other train. One train is provided to line 11, while a second train is provided to line 12, these lines being connected to the sequence flip op circuit 9.
The sequence flip flop circuit 9 includes a pair of double input flip flop circuits 55 and 56, each of which may consist of a conventional double input flip flop such as shown in FIG. 4. The input line 11 is connected through a rectifier S7 to the 0 input of flip flop 55, while line 12 is connected through a correspondingly-poled rectifier 58 to the 0 input of flip flop S6. The 1 input of flip flip 55 is provided with pulses from slave pulse divider 8 through a rectifier 59, while the 1 input of lip flop 56 6 is provided with a train of pulses from master pulse divider 13 through a rectifier 60. All of rectiiiers 57-60 are poled in such fashion that only the negative pulses get through the rectiiiers to the inputs of the flip flops.
The wave forms for the master and slave pulse dividers are shown in such fashion that a pulse from the master and a pulse from the slave occurs at the same time and coincides with the negative pulse on line 11 and the positive pulse on line 12, the worst possible conditions for satisfactory operation of the circuits. With such conditions, the negative pulse through rectifier 60 in the 1 input of flip iiop 56 will change the ip flop from the O to the 1 condition, or from the normal to the excited condition, while the negative pulse from the slave pulse divider through rectifier 59 lwill correspondingly change tiip flop 5S from the 0 or the normal position to the 1 or the excited condition. Flip flops 55 and S6 will not be returned to their (l or normal conditions until a negative pulse is again received on the 0 input. Since the negative pulses on the 0 inputs of the two flip tiops are out of phase by a constant amount, equal to the pulse width of the clock oscillator or multivibrator 35, the ip flops return to their normal or 0 conditions at different times, as shown in the wave forms.
Only the l outputs of the iiip ops 55 and 56 are used in this circuit, and each is connected through a differentiating circuit including a series capacitor 61 and 6l', respectively, and shunt resistor 62 and 62' to ground. The 1 output of flip flop 5S is connected to the down input of the counter unit of decoder unit 25 through a rectifier 63, while the l output of iiip flop 56- is connected to the up input of the counter unit of the decoder through a rectier 64. iectiiiers e3 and 64 are pcled in such ashion that only the positive pulses represented by the return of the iip tiops from their excited to their normal conditions are provided to the decoder unit. Since these positive pulses are cau-sed by pulses coming from lines 1i and i2 which are always out of phase with each other, the up and down pulses to the counter unit cannot occur at the saine time.
ln operation of the apparatus above described, consider a situation in which a slave shaft must be driven at exact speed correspondence `with a master shaft, with the ratio of velocities of the two shafts being 12701381, with the siave shaft running at the higher speed. This means l .t the master shaft niust rotate exactly 38.1 revolutions while the salve shaft rotates exactly 1270 revolutions, but the number of pulses delivered from each shaft must 'ce the saine. An advantageous arrangement of recordings or pulses on the magnetic drums would include 255 pulses in seven rows. In accordance with the formula explained conjunction with FIG. 2, the rst row of each drum would have 128 pulses in positions according to the formula, and the remaining rows would have 64, 32, 16,y 8, 4, 2 and 1 pulses, respectively. Then, any number of pulses between l and 255 may be selected by the selector switches. To obtain the above speed ratio, the master selector switches 5 corresponding to the rows containing 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4 and 2 pulses would be closed, while the slave selector switches corresponding to the rows containing 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 and l pulses would be closed. Each revolution of the master shaft would then provide 254 spaced pulses, while each revolution of the slave shaft would provide 127 spaced pulses. Master divider S could then be set to divide the master pulse train by 3, while slave divider 13 could be set to divide the slave pulse train by 5. With this arrangement, for every 15 revolutions of the master shaft, the decoder 2S would receive 1270 pulses from the master shaft. In order for the decoder to receive the same number of pulses from the slave shaft, the slave shaft would have to run at a speed of times as fast as the master shaft. The total number of revolutions turned by the slave shaft in 15 revolutions of the master shaft would then be The slave shaft would then run at in speed with respect to the master shaft.
The apparatus .of FIGS. 1 and 2 has been described in conjunction with a drum having a plurality of rows or tracks of recordings or discrete areas of detectable characteristics thereon. lt is not necessary that a plurality of rows and a plurality of pick-ups be used, for the same result could be obtained with a single row and a plurality of frequency dividers supplying the circuits 7 and 22 of the outputs of the pick-ups. An apparatus to provide such an arrangement is shown in FlG. 5, where drum 4' carries a plurality of recordings spaced in uniform fashion around its periphery in only a single row. A single pick-up 5 is used and supplies its output to an amplifier 65 which provides its output through a capacitor 66 across a resistor 67 connected to ground. The differentiated output of the pulse train obtained from the pickup head is then supplied to a chain of double input flip flops, the voltage across resistor 6'7 being connected through rectifiers 68 and 6ft' to the 1 and the O inputs of flip flop 69. The flip flop 69, as well as the other flip flops of the chain, may be of the type shown in FIG. 4. Rectifiers 68 and 68' are poled so that only the negative pulses from the magnetic drum 4 are effective in the tiip flop 69. The 1 output of flip op 69 is connected to a series circuit 7 through a rectifier 70, while the 0 output of the flip flop is connected through a differentiating network to the second flip flop "71 of the chain. Again, the 1 output of the flip flop 71 is connected through a rectifier 72 to a second circuit 7', while the 0 output is connected through a differentiating network to the third flip flop 73 of the chain. The 1 output of flip fiop 73 is connected through rectifier 7d to the third circuit 7, while the 0 output is connected to the last flip flop 75. The two outputs of flip flop 75 may be connected through rectifiers 76 and '7'7 to the remaining two circuits 7.
With this arrangement, assuming that 16 equally spaced pulses are arranged on the magnetic drum, the rst circuit 7 would receive 4the odd pulses from 1 to l5, while the second circuit would receive even pulses in the second, sixth, tenth and fourteenth positions, the third circuit would receive pulses from the fourth and twelfth positions, the fourth circuit would receive a pulse from the eighth position, and the fifth circuit Would receive a pulse from the sixteenth position. It will be evident that the circuit of FlG. 5 therefore fulfills the same requirements as the magnetic drum arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2.
It will be evident that we have described systems in which a master shaft and one slave shaft are driven in exact speed correspondence. More than one slave shaft could be driven from the same master shaft, and with different ratios of speeds, if desired, by an obvious extension of the apparatus shown for one slave shaft. Further, it is not necessary that a master shaft be the controlling element, since any device for generating a master frequency could be used. The apparatus of FIG. 6 shows a master oscillator of adjustable frequency Sil 5i which is used to control two'siave shafts, though one shaft or more than two shafts could be controlled.
Most of the apparatus of PEG. 6i is identical to corresponding apparatus of the earlier figures and will be identified with the same numeralsprovided with appropriate subscripts.
The master frequency voltage from oscillator 8f) is amplified in a conventional amplifier 31 and supplied to one 1 input of each of the sequence ip flops 9a and 9b.
Preferably the master oscillations reaching the sequence flip flops are of pulse form, rather than a sine wave, and, if the master oscillator supplies a sine wave, amplifier 8l may contain an appropriate shaping circuit to provide a pulse output. The -two 0 inputs of sequence flip flop 9a are supplied with timing pulses from clock oscillator ida, while clock oscillator llflb supplies corresponding pulses to the 0 inputs of sequence flip op 9b. The other l inputs of sequence iiip flops 9a and 9b are supplied from slave pulse dividers 13a and 13b, respectively.
The 1 outputs of sequence flip flops 9a and 9b are supplied to the up and down inputs of decoder units 25a and 25:5, respectively. The analog voltage outputs of the decoder units are supplied to amplifiers Zlla and 2Gb which provide voltages to control electric motors 19a and 19h, respectively. The motors drive shafts 17a and 17b which may drive appropriate loads and also drive pulse generating apparatus which supply output circuits 15a `and 15b. These circuits in turn drive amplifiers 14a and 14b which supply slave pulse dividers 13a and The pulse generating apparatus for each of the slave shafts is shown diagrammatically in FG. 6 as including magnetic discs 82 and 82 and pickup heads S3 and 83', though they preferably include the magnetic drum arrangement of either FllG. 2 or FIG. 5.
The -apparatus of FIG. 6 operates in identical manner to 'that of FIG. 1, with -the slave shafts 17a and 17b being driven in exact speed correspondence with the master frequency supplied by master oscillator 8i), the ratio of speeds being capable of being set to any desired value, and the ratio being adjustable.
.It will be evident that apparatus has been described lthat will function to drive a slave shaft in predetermined speed correspondence with a master shaft or a master frequency, 4the ratio of speeds of the master and slave shaft being readily selectable and accurately controlled. We have also described an apparatus for comparing two trains of voltage pulses to obtain a voltage output indicA ative of their difference, the apparatus being so con structed that no difficulty can be caused by possible coincidence of pulses in the two trains. We have further described an apparatus for generating a predetermined and selectable number of pulses for each rota-tion of a shaft. In conjunction with all of these apparatus, we have described preferred embodiments thereof. lt will be evident that many minor changes could be made in the design of these preferred embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. For instance, the pulse dividers could be eliminated if a suflciently large number of combinations of pulses could be selected from the master and slave sources of pulses. The invention is therefore not to be considered limited -to the` embodiments described, but only by the scope of lthe appended claims.
We claim:
1. The method of driving a slave shaft in exact speed correspondence with a master frequency and with a predetermined ratio of speeds of master frequency and slave shaft other than 1:1 which -includes the steps of generating a constant first predetermined number of pulses of electric voltage during a predetermined period of time, generating a constant second predetermined number of pulses of electric voltagel during each revolution of the slave shaft, said two-mentioned predetermined numbers of pulses having a ratio determined by the predetermined ratio of speeds, selecting a portion only of at least one of the first and second numbers of p-ulses to obtain two ltrains of pulses bearing fixed ratios respectively to said first and second numbers of pulses and of the same frequency when the slave shaft is rotating at exactly said predetermined speed ratio to the master frequency, comparing the numbers of pulses in said two trains to obtain a voltage proportional to the difference of the pulses, and changing the speed of said slave shaft in accordance with said last-mentioned voltage.
2. The method of driving a slave shaft of a slave motor whose speed is determined by the magnitude of a voltage controlling it in exact speed correspondence with a master shaft and with a predetermined ratio of speeds of master and slave shafts other than 1:1 which includes Ithe steps of generating a constant iirst predetermined number of pulses of electric voltage during each revolution of the master shaft, generating a cons-tant second predetermined number of pulses of electric voltage during each revolution of the slave shaft, said two-mentioned predetermined numbers of pulses having a ratio determined by the predetermined ratio of speeds, selecting a portion only of at least one of the said first and second numbers of pulses to obtain two trains of pulses bearing iixed ratios respectively to said first and second numbers of pulses and of the same frequency when the slave shaft is rota-ting at exactly said predetermined speed ratio to the master shaft; comparing `the numbers of pulses in said two trains to obtain a difference number of pulses, generating an analog voltage of amplitude corresponding to said difference number of pulses, and changing 'the speed of said slave motor in accordance with said analog voltage.
3. A speed slaving system for driving a slave shaft in exact speed correspondence wi-th a master shaft and with a predetermined ratio of speeds of master and slave shafts other than lzl, comprising means for generating a first predetermined and constant number of pulses of elec-tric voltage for each revolution of the master shaft, means for generating a second predetermined and constant number of pulses of electric voltage for each revolution of the slave shaft, means for Selecting a portion only of at least one of the first and second numbers of pulses -to obtain two trains of pulses bearing fixed ratios respectively to said first and second numbers of pulses and of the same frequency when the slave shaft is r-otated at exactly said predetermined speed ratio to the master shaft means including `a reversible binary counter for receiving the pulses from the master and slave shafts and comparing them to produce a voltage signal having a magnitude and polarity determined by their difference, said last-named means including means for insuring that a pulse from lthe master shaft and a pulse from the slave shaft do not reach the counter at the same instant, and means responsive to said voltage signal for controlling the speed of said slave shaft.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 in which each of said generating means includes a drum driven respectively by the master and slave shafts, each drum having a plurality of discrete voltage pulses magnetically recorded around its periphery, a magnetic reproducing head positioned adjacent the periphery of the drum operable to sense the passage of a recorded pulse opposite it and to translate the same into a voltage pulse, and separate means for each generating means fed from the output of the respective reproducing head for selecting the number of pulses to be fed to said means for receiving the pulses in accordance with the predetermined ratio of speeds of master and slave shafts.
5. An apparatus for producing a lselectable number of voltage pulses during each rotation of a shaft comprising a drum driven by the shaft having a plurality of discrete areas around its periphery which dier in a detectable characteristic from the remaining area of the drum, means for providing a series of vseparate trains of voltage pulses including means mounted adjacent the periphery of the drum for detecting said characteristic and for generating a pulse of voltage each time one of said discrete areas passes said detecting means during rotation of the drum, a plurality' of circuits each having its input connected to receive one of said trains of pulses and said circuits having' all of their outputs connected together, each of ysaid circuits including a switch operable when closed to permit the pulse train fed to its input to reach its output.
6. The apparatus of claim' 5 in' which said discrete areas of said drum are divided into a pluralityv of axiallyspaced arcuately-extending tracks, there being one of said detecting means positioned adjacent each track, each of said detecting means feeding one of said circuits.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said discrete areas are arranged in said tracks according to the formula 51,3, 5,7 ak-l) where P-l equals the total number of said discrete areas on the drum and K is the number of the row, for n total rows with n having a value such that P l is a whole number.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 in which said pulse train providing means includes a plurality of double input flip lliops arranged in a chain, the first obtaining its input from the detecting means and each of the rest obtaining its input from one input of the previous flip flop in the chain, the other outputs of the fiip flops being connected to said circuits.
9. An apparatus for producing a selectable number of voltage pulses during each rotation of a shaft comprising a magnet drum driven by the shaft having a plurality of discrete recordings of voltage pulses on its surface arranged arcuately around its periphery, means for providing a series of separated trains of voltage pulses including a magnetic pick-up head mounted adjacent the periphery of the drum and operative to produce a pulse of voltage each time one of said recordings passes the head, a plurality of circuits each having its input connected to receive one of said trains of pulses and said circuits all having their outputs connected together, each of said circuits including a switch operable when closed to permit the pulse train fed to its input to reach its output.
l0. The apparatus of claim 9 in which said recordings on the drum are arranged in a plurality of axially-spaced arcuately-extending tracks, there being one of said pickup heads positioned adjacent each track, each of said heads feeding one of said circuits.
ll. The apparatus of claim l0 in which said recordings are arranged in said tracks according to the formula Z-ri, a, 5, 7 2k-1) where P-l equals the total number of said recordings on the drum and k is the number of the row, for n total rows withn having a value such that P is a whole number.
l2. The apparatus of claim 9 in which said pulse train providing means includes a plurality of double input iiip flops arranged in a chain, the first obtaining its input from one output of the previous Hip flop in the chain, the other outputs of the iiip flops being connected to said circuits.
13. Apparatus for comparing two trains of electric Voltage pulses to provide a signal indicative of the difference 11 in number of the pulses of the two trains comprising a decoderincluding a reversible binary counter having an up input and a down input, first, second and third flip flops each having a pair of inputs and a pair of outputs, a free running constant frequency multivibrator coupled to each input of said first flip flop, means coupling the first and second outputs of said first ip op to said second and third flip flops and operative with said first flip flop to supply a first sequence and a second sequence of normalizing pulses respectively to one input of the second and third flip flops, the pulses of the first sequence occurring only alternately with the pulses of the second sequence, each of said second and third flip flops having an excited and a normal condition and being operative to send pulses to the up and down inputs, respectively, of the counter only when they are switched from their excited to their normal conditions, means connecting said two trains of voltage to the other inputs of said second and third fiip flops, respectively, so that the pulses of the two trains are operative to switch the second and third iiip flops to their excited conditions from their normal trains vof pulses cannot reach the'countensimultaneouslyV 5 flip flops includes a single pair of vacuum tubes connected in bistable multivibrator arrangement.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 2,115 086 Riggs t Apr. 26, 1938V 2,532,803 Faus Dec. 5, 1950 2,537,427 Seid et al Ian. 9, 1951 2,628,539 Neergaard Feb. 17, 1953 15 2,690,531 Marggraf et al Sept. 28, 1954 2,797,378 Johnson June 25, 1957 kOTHER REFERENCES Electronic Instruments, by Greenwood, Holdam, MacRae, page 480, par. 144, pub. by McGraw-Hill, 20 NY. 1948.
conditions, whereby pulses corresponding to one of said with pulses corresponding to the other train of pulses.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 -in which each of said
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Ferrell cats chasing trash outside while the staff cared less about the people. Electric outlets so loose wouldn't hold the cord. Not enough towels. Friends moved to another location. They were charged less for dogs than me and had to ask for a refund. Took 10 minutes to subtract 10 from 20 on paper. TV pathetic. Didn't get my wake-up... More
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DJ Bean grew up in Section 127 of Fenway Park thanks to his grandfather's season ticket package and has immersed himself in the Boston sports scene ever since. In addition to co-founding multi-sport draft site DraftEmpire.com, DJ has written for the Boston Metro and 890 ESPN, among other outlets. He has been writing for WEEI.com since the summer of 2009 and continues to spread the Byron Leftwich gospel on Guest Street.
We find out what Chris Price was right and wrong about when he made a few predictions before the Lions game. Also, we hear some new ones regarding Sunday's game against the Green Bay Packers.
WEEI.com's Mike Petraglia and Chris Price preview Sunday's Patriots-Packers game, one that many are calling a possible Super Bowl preview.
We get our weekly NFL update with SI/MMQB's Peter King. Peter talks AFC East, first round byes, Jonas Gray/LeGarrette Blount and much more.
How have the Celtics looked after a couple weeks? Could they be a playoff team? These questions and more...
Sam and Ben talk with Greg Dickerson about how fun this year's Celtics team is to watch as well Jeff Green trade ideas.
Kyle Draper joins Danny Picard to talk about the Celtics chances this season in the Eastern Conference, last Wednesday's home opener blowout against the Nets, and Rajon Rondo's future in Boston
The Red Sox trotted out their newest FA acquisition Tuesday afternoon, third baseman, Pablo Sandoval. The Kung Fu Panda then joined MFB to talk about his conversations with (former) Giant teammate, Jake Peavy, about playing Boston. He also stressed that this move was the next big challenge in his life, and addressed some concerns about his defense, stating that he is focused on being at the hot corner for the duration of his contract.
Buster Olney of ESPN joined MFB to talk about all the free agent news surrounding the Red Sox over the past 24 hours
Red Sox beat writer Brian MacPherson joins Danny Picard to talk about the Red Sox going after Jon Lester and other free agents.
Andy Brickley joined the show to talk about David Pastrnak's first game, the offensive struggles, and Milan Lucic playing with the Swedes.
Dale and Michael get Jack Edwards' 'state of the B' report and talk about the win over the Blues at the Garden on Tuesday.
Andy Brickley joined the show and touched on last night's convincing win over a good team, Matt Bartkowski needing a wake up call, and the NHL review process.
BC football sideline reporter Scott Mutryn with the worst impersonation of all time.
Ben Cherington joined us to discuss the Sox off-season moves.
Dino picked the Pack.
We find out what Chris Price was right and wrong about when he made a few predictions before the Lions game. Also, we hear some new ones regarding Sunday's game against the Green Bay Packers.
Andy Brickley joined the show to talk about David Pastrnak's first game, the offensive struggles, and Milan Lucic playing with the Swedes.
Rick Pitino had some curious comments after a blowout victory. Richard Sherman takes on the NFL Media policies. Christian talks about a pill for farts.
We get our weekly NFL update with SI/MMQB's Peter King. Peter talks AFC East, first round byes, Jonas Gray/LeGarrette Blount and much more.
Dale and Michael give their four selections for the MLB Hall of Fame... this year's finalists were announced today.
Dale and Michael talk Bruins and discuss the supposed practice scuffle between Tuukka Rask and Soderberg, and DJ Bean dials us up to give his thoughts.
Mikey remixes Billy Joel "Movin Out" in honor of the Patriots playing the Green Bay Packers
Brandon covers the NFL, particularly the Detroit Lions for Bleacher Report. He gives us his thoughts on this Sunday's game and how the Lions stack up against the Patriots.
Mikey, Villani, Lenny and Kerry Byrne are talking Patriots-Lions and how the team this year stacks up to Patriots teams of the past.
The guys previewed the upcoming Packers Patriots game and discussed the media's latest tweet beef.
Jerry Thornton's first podcast explores sports stories that would make for interesting 30 for 30 documentaries.
Andy Merritt of the New England Hockey Journal joined WEEI.com's Scott McLaughlin to talk about the play of Vermont and Providence, as well as other happenings around Hockey East. Merrimack coach Mark Dennehy also joined the show to talk about his team's good start, his freshman class and how he uses possession stats.
Ben Cherington joined us to discuss the Sox off-season moves.More from this show
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MAASTARS editor, Chandrasekhar thanked Chiru and Ram at the occasion and said "Actually Mr.Chiranjeevi was impressed with our first issue. He has given some valuable suggestions to us. We sincerely thank both Mr.Chiranjeevi and Mr.Ramcharan for giving us their valuable time for the photo shoots and interview."
Story first published: Wednesday, August 11, 2010, 13:02 [IST]


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That being said, I also disagree that the systems must all be perfectly balanced against each other, and I think it would be neat if Vancian was the middle-ground between encounter-based spell slots and ritual-only magic.
If I had to balance them against each other, though, I wouldn't be able to balance anything against Vancian without first making an assumption about how many rounds of combat there will be in a day, and I wouldn't be able to balance anything against an encounter-based resource unless I made assumptions as to the length of the average encounter.
Taking all of that into account, I would hope that Vancian casters would be balanced by knowing more spells and having few enough spell slots that not-casting was a viable choice to conserve power (maybe give them an inherent magic bonus to weapon damage, to make up for the fact that all basic attacks are expected to have +dice of damage behind them ), while the hot slot casters could know ~2 spells per spell level and have their spell slots regenerate (somewhat) between encounters, and the at-will casters would really only have one (or possibly two) combat-capable spells (such as a blasting spell or a healing spell) and only a handful of situational out-of-combat utility abilities that were clearly magical in nature.


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80-7410 - Miracle Remote for Sylvania® TVs made since 1997 & Emerson® 2001
Full function replacement remote for Emerson® TV's made after 2000, Sylvania® TV's made after 1997, or Symphonic® TV's made after 1997.
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The satellite finder kit provides high sensitivity and a high bandwidth range making it simple to align and set up satellite dishes. Pocket sized and lightweight making it easy to carry to work site. Audible tune-in signal makes it fast and easy to find the be...
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28-17626 - Pololu 3pi Robot
The Pololu 3pi robot is a complete, high-performance mobile platform featuring two micro metal gearmotors, five reflectance sensors, an 8x2 character LCD, a buzzer, and three user pushbuttons, all connected to a C-programmable ATmega328 microcontroller. Capable of...
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58-16895 - 5.1CH 3D Ready Network Stereo Receiver
The new Pioneer VSX-822-K delivers amazing home theater performance at an unrivaled value, with the capability to bring you entertainment from new sources through smartphones, tablets, PCs, and thumb drives. Compatible with a wide range of Apple® devices and Made ...
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83-15713 - Shortening Micro SD Card Adapter for Raspberry Pi and Macbooks
This short-style microSD adapter slides in where the SD card goes but is 9mm shorter. This makes it stick out a lot less and makes for a more elegant (and less accident-prone) Pi. All you have to do is pop in a microSD card for a sleeker machine! The outer edge of...
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22-16524 - EZ Lock™ Mandrel for Dremel Rotary Tools
The EZ lock makes accessory changes fast and easy. Simply pull, twist and release. One piece mandrel design simplifies the process of changing accessories and makes it easy to cut through a range of materials from metal to plastic.
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22-16526 - EZ Lock™ Starter Kit for Dremel Rotary Tools
The Dremel EZ Lock makes accessory changes quick and easy. Simply pull, twist and release. The one-piece mandrel design simplifies the process of changing cutting wheels and makes it easy to cut through a range of materials from metal to plastic.
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80-4280 - Digital Video Stabilizer
Video Stabilizer
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22-12960 - 350 PH Screwdriver for Phillips Screws - PH2 x 4"
The 350 PH Kraftform Plus screwdriver transfers more torque with less effort making your job quicker and easier. Used for Phillips screws. The handle is designed to fit securely in your hand and easily glides during repositioning.
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83-13140 - Arduino, Making Things Talk Book
Through a series of simple projects, this book teaches you how to get your creations to communicate with one another by forming networks of smart devices that carry on conversations with you and your environment. Whether you need to plug some sensors in your home ...
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22-12965 - 350 PH Screwdriver for Phillips Screws - PH2 x 8"
Mfr Number: 05008725002
It was very easy and convenient to order. The delivery was in 3-4 days. Wow...Very impressed


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Great mask. It reminds me of a mask I used in the 80's. It was called Mudd Mask. This product is practically the same except it is in powder form and you add whatever liquid you want to turn it into a paste.
Since it is in a powder form, the shelf life is wonderful.
Anyway, I mix it 1:1 with apple cider vinegar. I have heard it is also great with milk.
It really does tighten really well and basically sucks everything out of your skin. (At least it feels like it does) It isn't painful just a little intense as it dries. I leave it on for 20-30 minutes.
After rinsing (with a lot of warm water and a washcloth), my skin is a little flushed and wonderfully soft. The redness goes away within 30 minutes for me, but the glow it gives my skin lasts for days.
This is an inexpensive wonderful product. After using it I feel like I just had a really good professional facial.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
A good cleansing mask, I mix a teaspoon with a little Apple cider vinegar which helps it fizz and makes it easy to mix without getting lumpy, some water and a bit of raw honey. Somedays my skin turns red after using this, but that's just temporary. I've noticed the blackheads on my nose disappearing after just a few uses
I picked this up on a whim while browsing at my drugstore and I'm so glad I did! This is an incredibly effective mask that you can mix in whatever you want to customize. First time I just tried water, and it didn't work as well, it doesnt mix and stays kinda lumpy. Second time I used some diluted ACV and you get a great texture. It's almost scary how tight this mask gets! Definitely not one of those masks you feel like you can leave on for hours and chat on the phone with. I was a QHMJM fan until I bought this one, I find that my pores are much smaller and it's great for those huge zits that you want to shrink/come to a head. I can't wait to experiment a little more and see what are some good add-ins. O yes, and very inexpensive =)
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I've been using this for so long, I took it for granted and never occured to me to review it, LOL!
I buy 1 lb. of this at either a healthfood or conventional grocery store and spend between $6 - $8 USD, depending upon where I buy it. It lasts forever!
That it comes in powder form contributes to the sheer versatility of this product. I can mix up a teaspoon of clay to 1 teaspoon organic apple cider vinegar when I really want to draw out the oil, or mix it up with 1/2 tsp. ACV and 1 heaping tsp. of organic plain yogurt for a more cooling effect.
I used to mix it up with ACV and uncoated aspirin, but I've gone off the aspirin mask, preferring to obtain my BHA in other forms.
One combination I've found to be best for smooth, glowing skin:
1 heaping tsp. clay
1 heaping tsp. plain organic yogurt
1 level tsp. royal jelly
Leave on for 30 minutes, then rinse with tepid water. The downside is this is messy! The plus side, is you're really feeding your skin with the yogurt and honey, while tightening pores with the clay.
3 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Have used this mask twice and I am under the impression that I have found my HG mask. The first time I mixed it with water and left it on for a very short time....it sucked out all the black heads on my nose in no time flat...no redness and no "pulsating" like it promised. The second time I used ACV and the mixing was much easier (almost like a fizzy foam) and i stirred it until it got "mask consistancy". I applied and left on for about an hour. I felt MAJOR pulsating...like my heart was beating in my face. It tried very tight and got a little painful on my forehead. I rinsed it off by filling the sink with hot water and used a washcloth to soak/steam it off. My face is radiant today! My pores are tight and clean and my face has such a glow!!! I will be using this mask for a long time! THIS IS A MUST BUY!!! You can add vit E or mix with rose water if you are dry....add tea tree oil if you are acne prone. Its fab! So happy I found this reviewed on this forum!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I tried this at least three times, first with the ACV as a mixing medium. I usually say a bit more about a product regardless my rating, but this one broke me out! The very next day there were three gigantic bright red pimples on my face. I was blemish free for more than a month, the longest in the past 6 months. Thanks to this (the only new product in my usual regimen), my skin has not recovered yet. Tried this with water and the other time with aloe vera, my face felt itchy. So I stopped it. For reference, I have very oily and acne-prone skin.
I would disagree with the reviewer below. While in GENERAL, clay masks aren't that great for dry skin, this mask is INCREDIBLY customizable. So one can add vitamin E, glycerin, or other beneficial ingredients to suit your needs. I've used it twice, once with ACV, Vit E and Glycerin, and the other time with just ACV and Vit C. With the first use, the mask wasn't ad drawing or pulsating as I'd expected based on the reviews, but it did help to bring a few issues to the surface, which i think is what a mask is supposed to do. The second time was Pulse city. I left it on to dry completely, and wore it for a total of about 1.5 hours. It was pulsating the whole time once it dried, and my skin was really taught. Even though i have pretty dry skin, i like this mask a lot. And i can always make it more hydrating that plain clay alone, and add more goodies to boot..
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Would not recommend for dry skin. I recently had a facial and the aesthetician said any clay masks will dry out already dry skin and she did not recommend them. It's nothing negative about the mask itself, it's just you may want to check out more hydrating masks if you have dry skin and in addition maybe use a glycolic product. That may help remove any gunk in the pores (along with a gentle scrub a couple times a week). I ended up giving this to a friend who says she has oily skin. I'm curious to see how it works out for her.
2 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
UPDATE: After trying this another 2 times I finallly tossed it. It just irritates my skin too too much. Leaves it red and itchy even when I mix with water, or with soothing oils. A mask is supposed to make my skin better, not worse. Its cheap, but thats it.
Good, but not great. I've used this several times mixed with various things like water, milk, ACV, yogurt, and most recently my L'Occitane Amande Apple toner. The toner works the best, making it super smooth and creamy and it smells delish (just like the toner). Does a very decent job of cleaning pores and leaving my skin smooth and fresh. What I don't like about it is how red it makes my skin. I have uber-tuff skin and this leaves it red and sensitive for at least 2 hours. I usually spread a thick layer of aloe vera on my face after washing off the mask and leave it on for an hour or so, which does a good job of releaving the irritation. It also doesn't do as good a job as my Andrea Revitalizing mask which is almost as cheap and is also mixable but does an amazing job of minimizing my pores, smoothing my skin and doesn't irritate at all. So I'll use up the huge tub I have, but won't buy again.
I can't believe I haven't reviewed this mask yet; I've been using it for years! I love it...it's pure, natural, inexpensive, versatile, and very effective! It's the only thing that will remove the very stubborn blackheads on my nose! Yes, it dries very hard and tight, even to the point that it distorts your facial features while it's on, but it WORKS!
I've tried it in numerous ways:
1. With water: the mask eventually works, but the water is slightly difficult to combine with the clay powder. It takes a while to mix, and it still usually ends up lumpy and not very easily spread on the face.
2. With ACV: this creates a fizzy sensation when combining with the clay powder, and is easier to mix than the water. Some may dislike the smell, but it's only temporary, and it does seem to make a great difference for giving the face a nice, smooth, refreshed look.
3. With milk (skim, because that's what I drink): this also creates a slight fizz when stirred into the clay powder, but it's more of a light foam effect. Mixing is very quick and easy, and the mask becomes more creamy and mousse-like in texture. Thus, it is very easy to spread onto the face. I also love how the milk creates a cooling, soothing sensation upon application. My skin loves AHAs, so the lactic acid is an added bonus to the powerful clay. ♥
4. My favorite way after all the experimentation? Aztec Indian Healing clay + ACV + 5 aspirin tablets + a dab of honey. This creates a purifying (clay, ACV, honey), oil absorbing (clay), exfoliating (ACV, aspirin), soothing and moisturizing (honey) mask that is easy to mix, easy to apply, and easy to rinse.
Another tip? Use those little plastic containers that mochi ice cream comes in. I cut up the container and use the individual "cup" to mix the mask -- it's just the right size, and it's easily reusable! continued >>
9 out of 9 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


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Name of the offer: Zetia Special Savings Offer
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Photo : The Zambia Catholic University
A picture of 'The Zambia Catholic University', this photo is taken in the destination of Kalulushi in the country of Zambia. Click on the image below to see a high resolution version at the panaramio.com website. You can add your photo(s) to this gallery via the links below and right, or you can click here to see more photos of Kalulushi, Zambia. All photos are displayed according to Panaramio's Copyright Policies.
Photographer: makas70 [29 October 2010]
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I can't seem to find information about this font anywhere? Or it's drowned below sites about costs of the cards... Either way! Help!?!
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All other services, such as those from the PlayOnline website, which will be restored temporarily suspended once. Note, however, that it is possible that once we are forced to suspend services if the situation deteriorates power. We offer our sincere apologies for the inconvenience caused by the temporary suspension of these services, and we thank you for your understanding. As mentioned in our original announcement regarding the suspension of these services, customers will not have to pay a monthly fee for Final Fantasy XIV Gil during April billing cycle. We at the Square Enix Group proactively trying to provide support for relief and rehabilitation in the face of this unprecedented disaster while providing reliable service to its customers, and we thank you for your understanding and support. Results of the 9th Anniversary Fan Art Contest! May 16 was the ninth full year of service for Final Fantasy XI, and in honor of the occasion, we begged the adventurers to a number of themes art.At order novennial working hand, our panel of judges careful development and operational teams came from their cameras, the names of the top five artists of the ninth anniversary of Fan Art Contest tightened in the palm of the hand of one of the judges! Works that special attention or other awards received will be posted on the Troubleshooting section soon after, along with other adventurers masterpieces.9th 'Anniversary Fan Art Contest Deadline approaching! Previously warned: FF14 Gil Only two weeks remain until the deadline for the ninth anniversary Fan Art Contest coming to an end. For those of you who have yet to submit a work of art, do not miss this chance to miss their creative muscles and be in the running for a special prize in the game: Chocobo Beret As in previous years, the winners will be the FINAL FANTASY XI team and honored to be problems with all the items shown on finger for all to admire. We look forward to receiving submissions from all of you inspired! We will in the next moment, emergency maintenance on FINAL FANTASY XI perform. FINAL FANTASY XI will unavailable.We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you during this time and thank you for your understanding. [Date Time] May 13, 2011 01: 00-03: 00 (PDT) * Maintenance completion time may be subject to change. [Affected Services] FINAL FANTASY XI. The World Transfer Service will be unavailable starting 30 minutes before maintenance .. Maintenance operations will delete any reservations for Pankration matches and Maze Tabulae registered to NPC Moblin Maze Mongers Duplidoc for.
Please aware that a number of services, including purchasing, cancellation and reactivation of content identifiers also unavailable aware between phase 1 and 2. As a result of the temporary suspension of the service of FFXIV Gil game, customers with subscriptions, payment of assets as of March 2011 no subscription fees for FINAL FANTASY XI will be charged monthly ($ 12.95 + $ 1.00 per additional content ID) before April billing cycle. Below is a list of the important messages is displayed to the affected customers. [Important]. Only customers with subscription fees paid for March 2011 are eligible. Customers reactivating new accounts or accounts are registered in April are not eligible .. will Rates for extra content IDs purchased from April 1, 2011 and later years given .. Each separate charge monthly subscription fees and identifying additional content (eg purchases extension, etc .) are not charged .. customers who closed their accounts in March, are eligible. However, you need to activate your account before the end of April, and as subscription fees applies only to the month of April, we recommend you to reactivate asked for the full benefit of this offer.Nienésimo Anniversary Art Contest honorable mentions get Exposed! We are currently experiencing technical difficulties that customers can not buy the Square Enix Security Token. The question is addressed today, but needed more time for a full recovery. New updates will follow as additional information available.Purchase the Square Enix Security Token is still possible via the System Management Square Enix account. If you immediately require a security token, please buy it need to get through this method.You and register a Square Enix account to access the Square Enix security token PlayOnline.A special gift for Abyssea Trilogy Purchasers!For the conclusion of the Abyssea series of battle add-ons brand, we are proud to present a special gift in the game for players who have purchased the entire trilogy. All characters under one account registered for all three Abyssea installments qualify for the 'Prishe Statue,' offering a facility of heroin Tavnazian received mind. FFXIV Gil Owners of the FINAL FANTASY XI Ultimate Collection Abyssea Edition-scheduled for release on May 16, may also rejoice, as the gift will also be available to them! As part of the energy conservation measures enacted following the Tohoku earthquake, our game servers were shut down on March 13, 2011 3:00 (PDT) and services for FINAL FANTASY XIV, Final Fantasy XI, and PlayOnline (hereafter the 'services' were) temporarily suspended. We have a date for the restoration of the services provided, and wants to share this information with you. Management servers for these services constitutes 11.6% of the total consumed by our Tokyo office energy (based on February 2011 records). We closed our air conditioning system (8.8%) and other energy-saving measures taken, such as reducing lighting in our offices, to more than 10% reduction of energy consumption to achieve. We'll be with this energy saving measures in place, will be able to offer our online servers up and restore service to FINAL FANTASY XIV, Final Fantasy XI, and PlayOnline on March 25, 2011 4:00 (PDT).
Rewards to win in Buy Runescape Gold the character of the nation's wa depend on Buy Runescape Gold the number of outdated outposts and kill enemies.The best entry win some signed concept art and we'll also give some prizes for the runner-up. We can even show your Epic Dungeon evidence during the same week! The this system works very well, as it keeps a player from ldquo; Ninja theft and rdquo; stop all other work and then move on without them. With this system in place, which helps keep everything organized, friendly, and it also smooth.But fall of the regime. Once you reach the area with people who do not want to Buy Runescape Gold exchange the items they seek. You will need to either complete your mission for the mob or you'll have to sit back and allow them to complete the quest there fit.Runescape Gold, Gold, Buy Runescape, will fight Jade gold be waste if you do not have enough patience, and we can use some of the ways to earn it.Do not try ldquo; dissipate rdquo; staggering, it will not work.Cool below: EA will fully feated 1M to cool, allowing repeated use. Store it in appropriate cases, but do not be afraid to use it - 1M is not really all that much.Agile mind: This talent allows the escape of any fear or witch effect.How to use: You can use the AM only when fear or charm affects applied. If you click AM without charm or fear that it will do nothing and will continue to cool down.Cool: will be fully feated AM 3M has a cool-down (1 point = 9M, 6M = 2P, 3P = 3M) too. Never place the AM less than 3 points - or go all the way or forget it.With 1P am It will be interesting to cool irony to the bottom of 9M and that is what is simply not worthy of any very happy New Year pvping.A to all of you regular! We hope you fill your boots with good cheer and party house as celebrations.During the fit half of 2009, we learned much from our entire society and focused on improving our core technology, and switch to weekly updates. Although perhaps less certain that this was very necessary to prepare the way for making this possible updates are planned for the second half of Buy Runescape Gold the year. If we look back in 2009, there have been some major updates. And some highlights include: the completion of the story of Jane with the chosen leader.
The scape contest launches today, and you have until the closing date of August 25 to send in their videos YouTube. When entries, Andrew, Mark Gerhard and some membe of society hungry management team video and then deleting five contestants. These five videos feature and then in a weekly poll scape, allowing the community to choose favourite.The video with the most votes will be the announcement of the winner will receive a trip with all expenses paid Jagex Games Studio, wherever they are in the world, and once here, you will have the opportunity to meet the develope and creative types who bring scape in life. We then send them with arms full of goodies Jagex signed. Will bag some membe, signed shirts, mugs, mouse pads, mice and other stuff.Please warrant that all videos must be within scape four runne-up (and not live action Machinima), and must be submitted via YouTube. We can not accept entries submitted for the postbag email or gallery. For a complete list of rules and conditions, eg, watch the video of tehnoobshow, and subscribe to our YouTube page at
. If you have a question about the contest or looking for some tips on how to make your video, check out this discussion forum. We can not wait to start checking the contents of your creativity brains.Hello! We are pleased to announce that we just released the RuneScape game and website on Wednesday: Brazilian Portuguese.Whether and who are fluent in the language or just to learn, you can try it out by clicking on the flag of Brazil is located at the top left skill website.Cooking scape gold guide Misthalin North, North West Varrock. It is open to all playe, both F2P and P2P. To participate, you must have at least 32 levels of baking and should be wearing a chef's hat. Instead, membe with level 99 cooking to cook Skillcape can use or share varrock armor plate 3. Upon entering you will be greeted by the head chef. Union characterized mill that grinds grain into flour, cooking is an important element. Use the scroll gold, and collect grain from the fit field of wheat. The closest behind the building. Once you have your own grain, go upstai and used the union repression. Every time you put in grain silos, operate the controls. After the millstones and grind your own grain, to go down and collect your flour in pots. One side of the room has a waterfall, where the flour comes from the mill.Because we expect to rsfunny be operating under scape for yea to come, which tend to have a longer-term approach to content design, which means that we are trying a lot of new and innovative content.Sometimes bring something useful, so it is difficult to imagine how We can never do without.
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Los Angeles Kings/Phoenix Coyotes: 2012 Western Conference Finals Preview
May 13, 2012 Leave a comment
Follow @frozenroyaltyEL SEGUNDO, CA — Despite what the players and coaches have been saying over the past week, the National Hockey League's 2012 Western Conference Finals (Game 1 is scheduled for tonight, 5:00 PM PDT, Jobing.com Arena in Glendale, Arizona) features two teams that are very, very similar.
Whether it is a hard, aggressive forecheck, solid play in the defensive end, stand-on-your-head goaltending, both teams making strong runs at the end of the season to make the playoffs, and peaking at just the right time, the Los Angeles Kings and the Phoenix Coyotes, both Pacific Division rivals, would not be easy to differentiate if they wore the same jerseys. Read more of this post


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Articles published on November 18, 2010
Art events showcase student work
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Believing in Barack
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Football playoffs start tonight
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Anne Hathaway in the 2008 film "Rachel Getting Married." (comingsoon.net)
Florida guard Kenny Boynton gazes at an inbounding ball by North Carolina A&T during the first half at the Stephen C. O'Connell Center on Thursday.


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Apparently a Denver elementary school secretary taped a student last week. And we're not talking videotape, we're taking duct tape.
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"…we are also plagued by a national eating disorder of epic proportions predicated on the faulty belief that no one can be fat and healthy,…." So goes a spot-on post by Liz Snyder, farm-starter, food activist, nutritional anthropologist and mama, titled "Behind the Anti-Obesity Veil: Fat-Bashing as 'Science.'" We also like her blog url: www.ieatreal.com. Correlation does not mean causation. […] Read more »
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text: Had an great time in the trees and a nice setting. Starting at a low level then gradually getting higher and more difficult tests. Well organised and very safe. Made it to the end of level 4 gave level 5 a miss. Shame there is no where there to get drinks or crisps (a vending machine would do). As it... More


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Town Square
Solution to future Budget Deadlocks in CA?
Original post made by Ken in South Pleasanton, Downtown, on Jul 3, 2009
"Under the declaration, state offices will be closed three days a month to conserve cash. If the Legislature fails to solve the deficit within 45 days, it cannot adjourn or act on other bills until the crisis is resolved."
If we really want a budget delivered on time, wouldn't it make more sense to focus the legislators on this task 45 days BEFORE the deadline instead of giving them 45 days after the deadline before lowering the hammer? If 45 days ago they had been restricted to only budget activities we likely would not be issuing IOUs this week.
Comments (1)
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Jul 3, 2009 at 2:49 pm
As usual you are spot on!
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Hayward NAACP officials threaten blog posters
By Tim Hunt | 21 comments | 1,695 views
Not so speedy trial
By Roz Rogoff | 4 comments | 1,258 views
By Tom Cushing | 1 comment | 183 views


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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Hollywood hurting: Movie crowds dip to 16-year low
LOS ANGELES -- An Avatar hangover accounted for Hollywood's dismal showing early this year, when revenues lagged far behind 2010 receipts that had been inflated by the huge success of James Cameron's sci-fi sensation.
Just what has kept the movie business in the dumps the rest of 2011 is anyone's guess.
Related Items
A solid summer lineup helped studios catch up to 2010, but ticket sales flattened again in the fall and have remained sluggish right into what was expected to be a terrific holiday season.
The result: projected domestic revenues for the year of $10.15 billion, down 4 per cent from 2010's, according to box-office tracker Hollywood.com. Taking higher ticket prices into account, movie attendance is off even more, with an estimated 1.275 billion tickets sold, a 4.8 per cent decline and the smallest movie audience since 1995, when admissions totalled 1.26 billion.
"There were a lot of high-profile movies that just ended up being a little less than were hoped for," said Chris Aronson, head of distribution for 20th Century Fox, whose sequel Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked has been part of an under-achieving lineup of family films for the holidays. "The fall was pretty dismal. There just weren't any real breakaway, wide-appeal films."
Big franchises still are knocking it out of the park. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, the finale to J.K. Rowling's fantasy epic, was the year's biggest earner and the top-grossing film in the series at $381 million domestically and $1.3 billion worldwide.
Transformers: Dark of the Moon pulled in $352 million domestically and $1.1 billion worldwide, while The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn -- Part 1 has climbed to $271 million domestically and $650 million worldwide.
Other franchises did well in 2011 but came up short of their predecessors on the domestic front, among them Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, The Hangover Part II, Kung Fu Panda 2, Cars 2 and X-Men: First Class.
Strong overseas business has helped make up for shrinking domestic revenues and declining DVD sales. But 2011 was the second-straight year that domestic attendance declined sharply, and audiences generally have been shrinking since 2002, when admissions hit a modern high of 1.6 billion.
It could be a case of the same-old same-olds, with fans growing tired of over-familiar characters and stories. It could be the economy.
And it could be the times we live in, when audiences have so many gadgets to play with that they don't need to go to the movies as much as they once did.
"It's not any one thing. It's a little bit of everything," said Jeff Goldstein, general sales manager at Warner Bros., whose Robert Downey Jr. sequel Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows has done solid business, yet is coming in well short of the first installment. "But consumers are being more specific with their choices on how to spend their money."
Studio executives typically blame slow business on "the product" -- weak movies that leave fans indifferent. But during the first few months of the year, when business lagged as much as 20 per cent behind 2010's, studios were confident they had great product coming, with many executives predicting that 2011 would finish with record revenues, topping the all-time domestic high of $10.6 billion in 2009.
The movies themselves turned out fairly good, and surprise smashes such as Bridesmaids, The Help, Rise of the Planet of the Apes and The Smurfs boosted business.
But the year was littered with duds (Happy Feet Two, Tower Heist, Cowboys & Aliens). And with only days left in 2011, Tom Cruise's Mission: Impossible -- Ghost Protocol is leading a batch of holiday releases that so far has done only so-so business, despite generally good reviews and high marks from the fans that are showing up.
Hollywood is left right where it was 12 months ago, finishing the year quietly and looking ahead to a promising lineup to turn its fortunes around next year.
Even more so than 2011's schedule once looked, the 2012 film list looks colossal. Among the highlights: the superhero tales The Dark Knight Rises, The Amazing Spider-Man and The Avengers; the latest in the animated franchises Ice Age and Madagascar, along with Brave, the new adventure from animation master Pixar; Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones' Men in Black 3; Daniel Craig's new James Bond thriller Skyfall; Johnny Depp's vampire story Dark Shadows; Ridley Scott's Prometheus, a cousin to his sci-fi classic Alien; and Peter Jackson's The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, the first in a two-part prequel to his Lord of the Rings films.
-- The Associated Press
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition December 30, 2011 D4
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Film Review: The gratuitous sequel 'Horrible Bosses 2' doesn't work5:05 PM 0
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