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Archive for the 'sports cars' tag
Upcoming AACA Museum exhibit celebrates Lotus: The Art of Lightness
1956 Lotus Mark VI, owned by guest curator Kyle Kaulback. Photos by Michael Furman, courtesy of the AACA Museum.
Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman, whose four initials are integrated into the iconic Lotus Cars logo, never wanted to be an automaker or race car builder. Instead, Chapman would have preferred to remain a racer, but the costs associated with the sport forced his hand, and Lotus Engineering Limited was founded in 1952 to produce lightweight racing and sports cars. Next January, a new exhibit at the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania, will honor the storied British automaker and engineering firm with a new exhibit entitled Lotus: The Art of Lightness.
The guiding principle behind Lotus has always been this: Simplify, then add lightness. Chapman was obsessed with using the minimal amount of parts necessary to arrive at a particular engineering solution, and a favorite quote was said to be, "adding power makes you faster on the straights, subtracting weight makes you faster everywhere." Every Lotus vehicle built, from the company's earliest days, has embraced this philosophy, leading to an impressive list of accomplishments in the racing world. Lotus-built cars have captured seven Formula 1 championships, a British Saloon Car Championship (with the Type 28 Lotus Cortina), and a WRC championship (with the Lotus-developed Talbot Sunbeam, in 1981). Lotus cars have also produced victories at Indianapolis (with the Type 38, in 1965) and at Le Mans (in 1956, when a Lotus 11 scored a S1.1 Class victory, finishing seventh overall).
1971 Lotus Type 69, owned by guest curator Kyle Kaulback.
In addition to building automobiles of its own, Lotus has contributed engineering services to numerous vehicles over the years, including the DeLorean DMC-12 (for which Lotus Engineering developed the chassis, based upon its design for the Lotus Esprit) and the 1990-'95 Corvette ZR-1 (for which Lotus designed, developed and tested the overhead camshaft LT5 V-8, later built by Mercury Marine).
Its talents didn't end with motorized vehicles, either; in the early 1990s, the company developed the Type 108 bicycle, a carbon-fiber-framed wonder that allowed rider Chris Boardman to set a new world record in the 4000 Meter Pursuit. Later, this bicycle would see limited production, and would spawn a commercial variant known as the Type 110 Sport bicycle.
Telling the six-plus decade story of Lotus won't be easy, and the AACA Museum will be devoting a considerable amount of floorspace to the upcoming exhibit. The list of expected vehicles includes a 1956 Mark VI, a 1959 Elite, a 1962 Seven S2, a 1964 Elan S1, a 1966 Lotus Cortina, a 1967 Europa S1B, a 1970 Type 61 Formula Ford, a 1971 Type 69
Formula Ford Formula Two, an Elan rolling chassis, a 1972 Europa TC, a 1973 Elan Sprint, a 1979 Eprit S2, a 1987 Esprit Turbo, a 1991 M100 Elan, a 2001 Esprit V8, a 1996 Lotus Sport 110 bicycle, a 2009 Exige S260 and a 2014 Evora S. Other displays will include a DeLorean DMC-12 and a C4 Corvette ZR-1, and Lotus-themed artwork from artists Gary Dausch and Gale Heimbach will be shown. The guest curator for the exhibit will be Lotus racer and collector Kyle Kaulback, and five of his own Lotus vehicles will be included in the display.
Lotus: The Art of Lightness is scheduled to open on Saturday, January 24. For additional details, visit AACAMuseum.org.
UPDATE (11.November): The AACA Museum has added a 1959 Type 18, 1962 Type 22 and 1969 Elan S4 Coupe Rolling Chassis to the above list; it's also confirmed that the Barber Motorsport Museum in Leeds, Alabama, will be loaning a vehicle for the exhibit, although which Lotus model has yet to be determined.
Gallery: Category winners from the 2014 Hemmings Motor News Concours d'Elegance
Alan Rosenblum of Utica, New York, in his 1957 BMW 507 Roadster; the car won the Gullwing Motor Cars Award. Photos by author, unless otherwise noted.
Organizing and running a concours d'elegance event takes a tremendous amount of time and effort on the part of many people, but most would agree on one thing: on the day of the show, no one has a tougher job than the category judges. Merely being invited to a concours d'elegance event already indicates a vehicle's exceptional status, and in many cases judges must choose between three or more equally deserving vehicles for first, second and third place. That was certainly the case with this year's Hemmings Motor News Concours d'Elegance, and we overheard many comments from attendees on the quality of this year's show field.
David Salzman of Jupiter, Florida, poses with his Best in Show-winning 1956 Dual-Ghia; the car also took first place in the Postwar European category. Photo by Terry Shea.
Best in Show (and first place in the Postwar European class) went to a 1956 Dual-Ghia, owned by David Salzman of Jupiter, Florida. A rare car by anyone's standards, just 117 examples (give or take a few, as record keeping was inexact) were built, with David's car the fifth example to leave the production line. The J Mays Design Award (and second place in the Full Classic class), chosen by former Ford Group Vice President of Design J Mays, went to a 1937 Bugatti Type 57S, owned by Bruce Amster of Bridgeport, Connecticut.
The 1956 Continental Mk II owned by Naif Makol Jr. of Suffield, Connecticut, took the Chubb Personal Insurance Award. Photo by Terry Shea.
Event sponsors play a key role in the Hemmings Motor News Concours d'Elegance, and key sponsors chose cars deserving of recognition. The award from presenting sponsor Gullwing Motor Cars went to a 1957 BMW 507 Roadster, owned by Alan Rosenblum of Utica, New York. The Chubb Personal Insurance Award went to a 1956 Continental Mk II (which also finished second in the Pre-1973 Continental class), owned by Naif Makol Jr., of Suffield, Connecticut. Volante Classics picked a 1937 SS 100, owned by Jim Taylor of Gloversville, New York, while Rogo Fasteners selected a 1941 Dodge Salesman's Coupe, owned by Robert Farrara of Eagle Bridge, New York, for its own award.
Below are images of category and special award winners not pictured above. Look for complete coverage of the event in an upcoming issue of Hemmings Motor News.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1982 Morgan Plus 8
To comply with U.S. emissions regulations, all Morgan Plus 8 roadsters imported between 1974 and 1992 were converted to run on propane instead of gasoline. Though propane burns cleaner and produces similar power to gasoline, it's nowhere near as convenient to purchase, which limits the appeal of these modern Plus 8 roadsters as daily drivers or long-distance tourers. This aluminum-bodied 1982 Morgan Plus 8 for sale on Hemmings.com has been re-converted to once again run on gasoline instead of propane, returning the car to the state its engineers intended. Not only has the propane tank been swapped for a lighter custom aluminum fuel tank, the entirety of its fuel system has been modernized for safety and, presumably, increased performance. Even the cosmetic work has been looked after, as the car reportedly sports new paint, a new top and a new interior. From the seller's description:
Re-converted from propane to gasoline; Edelbrock Performer Rover intake manifold; Mallory 3-port fuel pressure regulator; Holley 390 cfm carb, Model-4160 with electric choke and bright zinc finish; SS-braided fuel lines under bonnet; Custom aluminum tank with in-tank Aeromotive fuel pump and ash-subframe; Smith"s Classic fuel gauge and voltage stabilizer; Custom Aluminum Radiator with electric fan; New Threshold Strips and Wind Deflectors; New Top, tonneau and interior; Grill Mesh Insert; British Racing Green PPG polyurethane with ceramic clear coat—fenders removed and new "beading" between fenders and body; 72-spoke wire wheels and hub adapters; also original factory wheels
Location: Austin, Texas
Status: No Longer Available
Find more Morgans for sale on Hemmings.com.
Dirt and all, barn-find 1954 Jaguar XK120 SE expected to sell for $80,000
Photos courtesy Auctions America.
Sometimes "barn find" really is the most appropriate description of an automobile. Though the exact ownership history of this particular 1954 Jaguar XK120 SE convertible isn't clear, this much is: Sometime in the 1970s, the drop-top Jaguar was parked in a Georgia barn, where it rested undisturbed for decades. Next month, the patina- and dust-laden sports car will cross the block, once again raising the question of whether the car's condition will enhance or detract from its value.
Jaguar's XK series cars (coupe, roadster and convertible) were intended to be minimalist sports cars, built on a short wheelbase to promote agility. Base XK120 models were fitted with Jaguar's 3.4-liter inline six-cylinder engine, which featured double overhead camshafts and dual SU sidedraft carburetors, producing an output of 160 horsepower and 195 pound-feet of torque. SE models, indicated by an "S" prefix on the chassis tag, came in a higher state of tune, with their 3.4-liter engines receiving modified camshafts, a lightened flywheel (which eventually became standard on all XK120 models), a unique crankshaft damper, stiffer valve springs and a Burgess dual exhaust. As a result, SE models produced 180 horsepower and 203 pound-feet of torque.
Changes to SE models didn't stop with the engine. To further improve handling, these models also received stiffer leaf springs in the rear and stiffer torsion bars up front, and while wire wheels with knock-off spinners were standard equipment, steel wheels could be ordered upon customer request. As most SE models were destined for the racetrack, early examples even included a low-profile windscreen; this practice was stopped in late 1952, as several unscrupulous U.S. dealers were reportedly stealing the racing windscreens for resale.
According to Auctions America's description of the Jaguar, the Georgia barn-find XK120 SE reportedly had 60,000 miles on the odometer when put away, and has since been "gone through" mechanically but (obviously) not cosmetically. Its Jaguar Red finish may be a respray in the original color, and matching rear fender spats (standard equipment on cars fitted with steel wheels) are included. Inside, this particular XK120 SE features a burl walnut dashboard, dark brown upholstery and roll-up windows, but quite a bit of work will be required before the car is in drivable condition. Auctions America has not released the Jaguar's chassis number.
Auctions America predicts that the Jaguar will sell for $60,000 to $80,000. Occasionally, however, buyers favor a largely original car, regardless of condition, over one that's been restored. Last January, an unrestored 1956 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL coupe sold for $1,897,500 at auction, while a meticulously restored 1956 300 SL coupe, wearing identical colors, sold for $1,402,500 at the same event.
Auctions America's Auburn sale will take place on May 8-10 in Auburn, Indiana. For additional details, visit AuctionsAmerica.com.
UPDATE (13.May 2014): The "barn find" 1954 Jaguar XK120 SE sold for $45,100 including buyer's fees.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1973 Datsun 240Z
Those seeking the purest Datsun Z experience generally favor the 1970-73 240Z models for their uncluttered lines and light weight. This 1973 Datsun 240Z for sale on Hemmings.com comes from the model's final year of production in 2.4-liter form, and the seller claims the car has undergone a thorough restoration. It's not all original, since the five-slot mag wheels are decidedly aftermarket and the displacement is listed as 2.8-liters instead of 2.4, but both modifications were common in-period. This Z may not be concours-eligible, but it's a safe bet the car will deliver plenty of entertainment value on a winding road. From the seller's description:
The Datsun 240Z was introduced in 1969. With its striking good looks and powerful engine it became an instant hit in the sports car market and competed directly with popular British imports Triumph and MG. In 1974 it was replaced by the 260Z and later on the 280Z. However, enthusiasts preferred the original model with its sleeker lines and lower vehicle weight. This 240Z has had a full restoration but still retains all the features of the classic original design.
Engine: 2.8 liter, 6 cyl. sohc; 151 hp and 146 ft lbs torque; 0-60 in eight seconds;5 speed manual transmission; Front disc brakes and rear drums; documented mileage: 195,000
Location: Stratford, Connecticut
Status: Available
Find more Datsuns for sale on Hemmings.com.
Cars of Futures Past – Ford Mustang I
The Mustang I at The Henry Ford. Photo by Michael Barera.
There are many rumors and misconceptions surrounding the first Ford vehicle to carry the Mustang moniker. Contrary to popular belief, it was not named after the World War II fighter (as The Henry Ford's Matt Anderson indicates in the video below), and had virtually nothing at all to do with the production car that would later bear its name. Instead, the Mustang I (or, more correctly, the Ford Mustang Experimental Sports Car) was a necessary sacrificial lamb at the altar of marketing and public relations, but one that foretold of a coming future of sports cars and racing glory.
Though the Chevrolet Corvair never ignited a rear-engine revolution among American carmakers, in 1960 and 1961 it had executives at rival brands very nervous. A bold departure from conventional thinking, the Corvair was sporty, economical, and aimed at the very same buyer Ford was having trouble drawing into showrooms. Adding sex appeal to the Falcon was the best Ford could do on short notice, but it was clear that the brand needed to re-invent its image. As Robert A. Fria explains in Mustang Genesis, two projects were moving forward at Ford almost simultaneously. One, tied to Lee Iacocca and the Fairlane Committee (named for the Fairlane Inn, the location where the group would most often meet) would eventually become the production Ford Mustang, while the second project, led by Ford styling head Gene Bordinat, was intended to personify Ford's new "Total Performance" image, envisioned by marketing to portray the automaker as a young, hip, and desirable brand.
The task of executing on this Total Performance image was given to chief stylists Bob Maguire and Damon Woods, who drafted a team of designers that would include John Najjar, Jim Sipple and Phil Clark. Under the project name W-301, the group developed this experimental sports car design from drawings through clay and fiberglass models, and along the way the Mustang name was adopted. This reportedly came from Phil Clark, who had used such horse references on drawings dating back to his days at California's Art Center School of Design, and Clark would draft the first representation of the galloping horse logo, not dissimilar from the one that remains in use to this day. Ford's vice president of corporate engineering, Herb Misch, embraced the Mustang Experimental Sport Car design and gave approval to convert the model into a full-scale driveable concept car, with one catch: The Mustang I would need to be built in time for the fall 1962 show season, giving the team about 100 days to work with.
Ford's Mustang I concept. Photo courtesy Ford Motor Company.
Ford engineers Frank Theyleg and Royston Lunn had earlier proposed a lightweight sports car concept using the 1.5-liter V-4 from the European Ford Taunus, so this drivetrain was adopted for the Mustang I project. The Taunus was front-wheel drive, which didn't fit with the Mustang I's Total Performance image, so the platform was rotated to create a mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive prototype. With a little more than three months to complete the build, Bordinat and his team knew that outside help would be necessary, so a phone call was made to race car builder Troutman and Barnes, which had extensive experience fabricating Indy cars, along with Scarab sports racers for Lance Reventlow.
In early June of 1962, Troutman and Barnes received the fiberglass body mold used to shape the Mustang I. To save as much weight as possible (and to expedite production), it was decided that the car would use a steel tube frame and a stressed aluminum body, and by the end of the month Ford had provided the required chassis plans. Computer-aided design was employed in designing the Mustang's suspension, making this the first Ford product to benefit from the use of such (then) cutting-edge technology, which would later be used on the GT40 endurance racer. By late September, Troutman and Barnes had finished their work on the car, which was shipped back to Dearborn for final assembly and testing.
Befitting a car that was to represent Total Performance, the two-seat Mustang I looked every bit like a race car. Its wedge-shaped nose and oversize side intakes spoke of performance, as did the stylized roll hoop positioned behind the driver's head. At just 154 inches in length and 1,544 pounds in weight, it was considerably smaller than anything else in Ford's stable, and the 1.5-liter V-4 (tuned to produce 109 horsepower) gave the car a 0-60 MPH time of less than 10 seconds and a top speed in excess of 100 MPH. It bristled with innovation in other areas as well, featuring pop-up headlamps and fixed seating with movable pedals. Early designs called for a retractable front license plate holder, meant to further reduce drag at speed, though it's not clear if this detail made the road-going prototype.
When Ford learned that Chevrolet would showcase its 1963 Corvair Monza at the U.S. Grand Prix in Watkins Glen, the decision was made to steal Chevrolet's thunder by debuting the Mustang I there as well. While the Corvair was little more than a static display, the Mustang I was driven on track by Dan Gurney, thrilling spectators and drawing crowds whenever the car was parked. A West Coast exhibition at Laguna Seca followed, as did a Southern exhibition at the Daytona Motor Speedway, and then the car hit the show circuit in the United States, drawing near-universal praise at each stop. When the auto show season ended, Ford took the Mustang I to college campuses in an attempt to attract the best and brightest engineering students to Dearborn following graduation. Next, the Mustang I toured Europe, where it surprised audiences across the pond with its radical design and focus on performance and handling.
In a way, however, it was all a ruse. As Lee Iacocca later explained, Ford never had any intention of producing the Mustang I. As a production car, it was too narrow in scope, offering just two seats and virtually no luggage room, which meant that production volume would always remain low, and low-volume cars, even those sold at high prices, generally fail to deliver the type of return on investment that automakers expect. Upon the Mustang I's return from Europe, it was secreted away to save it from the crusher, but by then it had already served out its useful life. Only a handful of design features trickled down to the production Mustang (which only shared the Mustang I's name via coincidence), including a version of the galloping horse logo, the round and low front turn signals and a stylized (and non-functional) version of the concept's side air intakes.
That hardly means the Mustang I was a failure; in fact, the concept accomplished its mission with great success, foreshadowing the introduction of both the production Mustang and Ford's racing efforts with the GT40. The Mustang I bought the automaker enough time to launch the production Mustang by countering potential sales of the Chevrolet Corvair, and it effectively painted Ford in a new light among buyers. Total Performance became more than a marketing slogan, and the Mustang I helped Ford champion its new image around the world.
As important a role as the Mustang I played, the car was largely forgotten about until 1975, when it was donated to The Henry Ford by the Ford Motor Company. Restored in 1980 (in time for Gene Bordinat's retirement), the car remains on display in The Henry Ford, a symbol of both a production-car future that never was and a Total Performance future that carries on to this day.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1990 Mazda MX-5 Miata
First generation Miatas used to be a dime a dozen, but their low cost coupled with their popularity as race cars means the population of clean drivers has been nearly depleted. This 1990 Mazda Miata for sale on Hemmings.com appears to be a rare find. It's seen about 30,000 miles roll beneath its stock wheels, and underneath the hood the only things we can spot that aren't factory-issue are the spark plug leads. We'd dig a bit deeper to verify that the car is as it appears, but the advertised price and the car's apparent condition mean it won't be on the market long. If you're looking for a car that returns joy to driving and won't break the bank, this one is certainly worth investigating. From the seller's description:
We are pleased to offer this 1990 Mazda Miata Convertible for purchase. Also known as the MX-5 (short for Mazda Experiment project #5), the idea was to fill a void that used to be dominated by small fun to drive British & Italian roadsters. The Miata proved incredibly fun to drive with a nearly perfect weight balance, curb weight of just over 2,000lbs, independent double wishbone suspension on all four wheels, four-wheel disc brakes, and anti-roll bars at the front & rear. The 1.6L Inline 4 cylinder engine (coded B6ZE) was specifically designed for the Miata featuring a lightened crankshaft, flywheel, and aluminum sump with cooling fins.
To go along with the great design to make an awesome handling vehicle, this Miata comes with a smooth shifting 5-speed manual transmission. The shifter has a very short, easy throw that allows for a very comfortable drive. The First generation Miata has a great style especially at night with the pop-up headlights. This is a 3-owner car with barely over 30,000 miles on it. It's always been stored in the winter, and very well maintained. It's an all original survivor. Please call or email for more details!
Location: Grand Rapids, Michigan
Status: No Longer Available
Find more Mazdas for sale on Hemmings.com.
Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance to feature Datsun Z class
1977 Datsun 280Z, owned by Chris and Larry Wawrzyniak, featured in the May 2013 Hemmings Sports & Exotic Car. Photo by Jeff Koch
Early Datsun Z coupes are no strangers to concours d'elegance competition, but these cars are generally lumped into broader categories of competition cars, Japanese cars, Asian cars, or even postwar sports cars. This summer, the 42nd annual Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance will take a different approach, dedicating an entire class to the 1970-1979 Datsun Z cars.
The period range encompasses three models: the Datsun 240Z, sold in America from 1970-1973; the Datsun 260Z, sold in 1974; and the Datsun 280Z (and later, 280ZX), sold from 1975-1983. Six cars will be selected for the category, and the rules state that modified cars will not be accepted in the class (meaning that competition variants will be excluded). Judging for the Z car class will be handled by a trio of judges, including a 25-year certified Datsun technician, an early employee of Datsun in Southern California (and a Datsun/Nissan collector), and Don Homuth, a Hemmings reader (and frequent contributor) with more than four decades of Datsun Z experience. The field of six cars will be chosen from owner-submitted photographs and documentation, and the entry form requires those submitting cars for consideration to "tell the story" of their particular Datsun Z.
Though more or less ignored for years, the Datsun Z has played a role at other recent concours d'elegance events. A 1972 Brock Racing Enterprises (BRE) Datsun 240Z Baja racer was exhibited at the 2009 Amelia Island Concours d'Elegance, and in 2013 a 1970 Datsun 240Z was shown there in the "Cars of Sam Posey" class. The 2013 Huntington Beach Concours d'Elegance did include a "Japanese Classics, Datsun Z-type Cars" class, won by a 1972 Nissan Fairlady Z with what appeared to be in-period modifications (such as chrome five-slot wheels), while a 1972 Datsun 240Z took Best of Class in the "Collector – Asian" category at the 2012 Ault Park Concours d'Elegance. These showings are significant, but the 2014 Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance may represent the first time that the Datsun Z models have been awarded a dedicated category and are judged to the same stringent standards as other concours participants.
Homuth called the class a "breakthrough of sorts," as Japanese cars haven't always been well received at car shows or concours events. Citing prejudicial comments from owners of other marques, he admitted that many Z owners have been reticent to show their cars, despite the model's overwhelming popularity in the 1970s and 1980s. The Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance, then, is a step in the right direction. "The cars must be shown to be seen, and seen to be considered in the future," Homuth said. "This is a start."
The six cars chosen for the Forest
Park Grove Concours d'Elegance won't necessarily represent each possible model. The committee choosing the cars will endeavor to select the best six examples of the marque; if that excludes a 280Z in favor of an additional 240Z or 260Z, so be it. As with any concours event, the ultimate goal is to present the finest examples of the automobile to those in attendance. In the case of the early Datsun Zs, however, this may prove challenging. Don pointed out that Datsun Z models outsold most sports cars in the 1970s, aided in part by their low price and high performance. Their low cost may have proven to be their undoing, as when it came time for a rebuild, many owners had a difficult time in justifying the cost, especially if their cars had fallen victim to rust. That makes clean examples, especially in unmodified condition, something of a rarity.
The 2014 Forest Grove Concours d'Elegance is scheduled for Sunday, July 20, at Pacific University in Forest Grove, Oregon. For additional details, visit ForestGroveConcours.org.
Author's note: Datsun and Nissan sports cars built prior to 1990 will also be honored at this summer's Hemmings Sports and Exotic Car Show, scheduled for August 2 at the Saratoga Auto Museum in Saratoga Springs, New York.
Mazda's timeless roadster, the MX-5 Miata, turns 25
First-generation Mazda Miata. Photo by Craig Fitzgerald.
Twenty-five years ago, a back-to-basics two-seat lightweight convertible sports car debuted at the Chicago Auto Show. With a small front-mounted engine powering the rear wheels and the essence of a European roadster, it could have come from any British carmaker, except for the fact that it came from Mazda. And in the quarter-century since then, the Miata has shown the motoring world how successful a minimalist sports car can be.
The idea of a compact, modestly powered roadster did not originate with the MX-5 or even Mazda. A body style nearly as old as the automobile itself, roadsters (traditionally defined as an open-top car with a temporary roof and removable side curtains, not roll-up windows, which really makes the Miata a convertible) were a common sight on U.S. roads though the early 1980s. As the decade came to a close, however, cars like the MGB, the Triumph TR7, the Fiat Spider, and the Lotus Elan were becoming less and less common on used car dealer lots. As for new lightweight roadsters, the Alfa Romeo Spider was one of the very few options available to new car buyers in 1988.
The original MX-5 Miata, or NA in Mazda-speak, borrowed heavily from the styling of the Lotus Elan, without being a direct copy. The Elan was a benchmark in the car's suspension tuning as well, as were other lightweight sports roadsters like the Triumph Spitfire and the Alfa Romeo Spider. With the MX-5, Mazda was attempting to achieve "jinba ittai," a Japanese concept that translates to "horse and rider as one," a near-perfect way to describe how a well-built sports car should make a driver feel on a winding road.
The 10th Anniversary Edition of the Miata, an example of the second generation. Photo courtesy Mazda North American Operations.
Though official work on the MX-5 didn't begin until 1986, the car's roots can be traced back to 1976, when then-journalist (and later, Mazda employee) Bob Hall met with Mazda Research and Development employee Kenichi Yamamoto. When asked what kind of car Mazda should build in the future, Hall pointed out that the once-popular British roadster, simple in design and blessed with modest power and superior handling, had all but vanished from the American landscape. Five years later, Hall, by that time a Mazda employee, revisited this conversation with Yamamoto, then the chairman of Mazda Motors. In 1982, approval was given to research the idea, and over the next four years the automaker produced several lightweight sports roadster concepts before approving the final design in January of 1986. Its official debut took place on February 9, 1989, and it instantly racked up praise from journalists, consumers and rival automakers alike.
When the MX-5 Miata hit U.S. dealerships in May of 1989, it was powered by a 1.6-liter four-cylinder engine that produced a modest 116 horsepower and 100 pound-feet of torque. Thanks to a curb weight of just 2,116 pounds and a close-ratio five-speed manual transmission, the MX-5 could run from 0-60 MPH in under nine seconds, making it more than quick enough to be entertaining. As Hall himself once explained, "If you can't go fast on 90 horsepower, 900 horsepower probably won't help you."
Thanks to the car's light weight, double wishbone suspension in front and rear and four-wheel disc brakes (with vented front rotors), handling was superb, even in stock form. Praise from reviewers poured in before the car even hit dealerships, creating a consumer demand that drove prices far higher than Mazda's suggested $13,800 retail price. Perhaps because of the car's low base price, consumers didn't seem to mind, and demand for the new two-seater outstripped supply until well into the car's second year on the U.S. market.
The third-generation Miata, launched for the 2006 model year. Photo courtesy Mazda North American Operations.
Those who've driven first-generation Miatas can attest to the car's abilities, as well as its charm. Handling is sublime, and the chassis is forgiving of all but the most ham-handed mistakes behind the wheel. Throws of the short-throw shifter are precise and direct, but for buyers unskilled at working three pedals, Mazda offered the first-generation Miata with an optional four-speed automatic transmission as well. The tri-fold top can easily be dropped or raised by the driver with a single hand, and its vinyl rear window can be opened with a zipper for added ventilation on top-up drives. The 1.6-liter engine, aside from a crankshaft issue with early examples, has proven to be nearly bulletproof, as long as the owner carries out the prescribed maintenance. A testament to both the car's robustness and its capabilities is an oft-quoted statistic from Mazda: On any given weekend, there are more Mazda MX-5s being raced than any other single model on the planet.
In the 25 years since the MX-5 Miata's debut, Mazda has launched a second generation (sold from 1998 until 2005) and a third generation (which went on sale in 2005), but all have stayed true to Mazda's initial concept of a simple, lightweight and affordable sports car. The various generations have appeared on Car and Driver's "10 Best" list 14 times, and the Guinness Book of World Records recognizes the Miata as the "Best-Selling Two-Seater Sports Car" in the world, with more than 920,000 examples delivered through December of 2013.
As for the name "Miata," its origin has traditionally been shrouded in a bit of mystery. Some say that it was based on Siata, the Italian sports car, while others insist the name was computer-generated, as is the case with other Japanese automobiles (such as the Toyota Camry). The best explanation, however, comes from Leon Dixon, a Mazda North America (MANA)
Mazda Motors of America (MMA) employee who contributed to the design of the original and second-generation MX-5s (and also wrote much of the Miata owner's manual). Per Dixon, Mazda Motor of America (MMA) marketing employee Rod Bymaster came up with the name "Miata," which is said to be a derivation of the Old High German word for "reward."
A new version of the Miata is due for 2015, and word is that Mazda will also use the platform to underpin the next Alfa Romeo Spider, which will wear entirely unique bodywork and carry a different, Fiat-Chrysler sourced engine. The Miata, then, has really come full circle in 25 years, to the point where it will now be supporting a legendary model that was once an essential part of its development.
Happy birthday, Mazda Miata, and here's to 25 more.
Author's note: Special thanks to Leon Dixon for his contributions to (and fact-checking of) this article.
UPDATE: Mazda also launched a 25th anniversary site for the Miata.
Racing Heroes – General Curtis LeMay
General Curtis LeMay in the 1950s. U.S. Air Force photo.
As many students of military history will tell you, Curtis E. LeMay is perhaps the most polarizing figure in the U.S. military since George S. Patton. Equally respected and feared by the men serving under him, LeMay (who earned the nickname "Iron Ass") was a perfectionist who had little tolerance for those who failed to deliver 100 percent at all times. Assigned with leading the Strategic Air Command in the years following World War II, LeMay also played a big role in saving U.S. sports car racing at the dawn of the 1950s, a feat that gains him the title of racing hero.
Born in Columbus, Ohio, in November 1906, LeMay had no ambitions of becoming a racing driver, even as the first wave of enthusiasm for motorsports swept the United states in the years following World War I. After graduating from Ohio State University with a degree in civil engineering, LeMay enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he was trained as a fighter pilot, receiving his commission as a second lieutenant in 1930. During World War II, LeMay (who then held the rank of major) routinely flew combat missions with those who served under him, and helped to develop the combat box staggered formation used by U.S. heavy bombers. Later, LeMay would direct the controversial incendiary bombing of Japan, which ultimately forced the Axis power to relocate manufacturing facilities to remote locations.
An SCCA event at Lockbourne Air Force Base in Ohio, circa 1953. Racing images courtesy of PhotOhio.
Following the conclusion of the World War II, LeMay returned to Europe as the commander of the USAF Europe, where he initially oversaw the relief effort known as the Berlin Airlift. In 1948, LeMay was recalled to the United States, where he was given command of the Strategic Air Command at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska. His initial inspection revealed a sobering, if not horrifying, truth: Bombers equipped with nuclear weapons were guarded by an inadequate number of unarmed airmen. Equally bad, the crews tasked with flying the bombers and potentially deploying their lethal payloads proved wholly unable to do so, with many crews missing targets by miles on practice bombing runs.
Ultimately, the root cause was a loss of experienced aircrews, many of whom left the military behind for a far more lucrative career in the private sector at the end of the war. Though LeMay lacked the ability to match the pay offered by the private sector, he implemented "spot promotions" for aircrews whose performance ranked in the top 15 percent. He sought to improve housing conditions on base as well, doing away with open barracks in exchange for two-man rooms that afforded some degree of privacy. Finally, LeMay constructed on-base "hobby shops," staffed with tools and equipment, where men could spend off-hours constructively working on projects. Such improvements came with an associated cost, and LeMay's budget was already stretched thin with the constant drills and training missions he required of SAC crews.
A Jaguar XK120C prepares to race at Lockbourne.
Looking for a new source of revenue, LeMay asked his public relations officer, Reade Tilley, to contact the Sport Car Club of America to advise them that Strategic Air Commanded bases would be available for low-cost rental (with the proceeds going to support the Airman's Living Improvement Fund). Though the runways and adjoining taxiways offered little in the way of elevation changes and challenging corners, the treeless landscape did give competitors plenty of run-off room, which LeMay imagined may be a selling point to those commuting in the same cars they raced on weekends.
The reception from the SCCA may have been cool, except for a series of accidents that came to a head in Watkins Glen in September of 1952. During an SCCA-sanctioned race, held on the village streets, a seven-year-old boy was killed and 12 other spectators injured when a driver lost control and plowed into a crowd standing curbside, protected by nothing more than hay bales. Facing the loss of its event insurance (and outcry on the sport's dangers from the general public), the SCCA turned to LeMay and the SAC, and on October 26, 1952, the SCCA and the SAC entered into a two-year agreement that gave the SCCA access (on a pre-scheduled basis) to bases in Washington, Nevada, California, Nebraska, Texas, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Massachusetts, New York, Maryland, Georgia and Florida.
A Ferrari 212 Export, ready to dice it up on Lockbourne's runways.
As Terry O'Neill explains in his book, Runways & Racers: Sports Car Races Held on Military Airfields in America, Curtis LeMay was friends with Sydney Allard and even owned an Allard J2, one of three team cars raced at Le Mans in 1953. In what may be the ultimate irony, LeMay was forbidden from racing his Allard, as the Air Force's chief of staff viewed racing as unnecessarily dangerous for a man in LeMay's position; instead, the car was campaigned by SCCA president Fred Wacker at an Offutt Air Force Base event, then later raced for LeMay by Roy Scott. While turning over driving duties may not have proven that SAC drivers were every bit as talented as those from the SCCA, LeMay's original goal, it did go a long way to demonstrate that the SCCA and the SAC were more than just partners of necessity.
Ultimately, the relationship proved beneficial to both parties. Income from ticket sales, concessions, program sales and other fees went directly to the Airman's Living Improvement Fund, while the SCCA prospered during the years it raced at SAC facilities. By the mid-1950s, however, the success of the SAC program caught the attention of LeMay's critics in Washington, D.C., and allegations of misuse of funds were raised (though later proven false). It was enough to end the program, but by that time the SCCA had an established network of dedicated road courses at its disposal.
For his efforts on behalf of American sports car racing, LeMay was awarded the Woolf Barnato Award, the SCCA's highest honor, in 1954. In 2007, he was inducted (posthumously) into the SCCA's Hall of Fame.


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The Garden Club of Crystal River presents a flower show entitled The Magic of Nursery Rhymes through Flowers, Plants, and Designs. More information coming soon!
Coastal Region branch
Friday, April 25, 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm
Saturday, April 26, 10:00 am - 2:00 pm
From our Community Partners Blog
November is "Adopt a Senior Pet Month" and CCFAP and Animal Services is sponsoring a HALF-PRICE adoption on all pets 6 years and older for... Read more
From our Community Partners Blog
Staff Assisted Services Our newest Mobile Resource Unit, MOBY1, will bring our job search resources right to your door. Fully equipped and staff supported. No charge for services! Read more
From our Community Partners Blog
We are offering a half price adoption special for all cats on Saturday, October 11th, during normal business hours of 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.... Read more
From our Community Partners Blog
Inverness Walks! Will resume October 17, 2014 - 10:30 am The next walking tour of downtown Inverness will take place on Friday, October 17th, and is... Read more
From our Community Partners Blog
Movies in the Park & Festival Saturday, October 25, 2014, 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm Children & Adult Costume Contest! Pre-Carved Pumpkin Contest! Fun Activities! Games! The event will be held at: Lecanto... Read more
The mission of the Citrus County Library System is to promote the pursuit of knowledge and deliver quality information and educational opportunities to the community.

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Insalata dii rinforzo is a Neopolitan Christmas Salad that is served at the holiday celebration and in the days that follow when it is "reinforced" by the addition of more of the same ingredients or in some cases by the addition of leftover cooked vegetables. It tastes best if allowed to marinate for three days but it will lose some of its vibrant colour from the acid in the vinegar. This recipe is from the December 1993 issue of Gourmet Magazine.
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Swire Orders Six PSV's
Swire Pacific Offshore (SPO) confirms it has ordered six high-specification 3,700 dwt PSVs from Universal Shipbuilding Corp in Japan The vessels will be built at USC's Keihin Shipyard and be delivered progressively from the third quarter of 2014. The orders follow-on from an order for four 5000 dwt PSVs from USC in late 2011. Mr Neil Glenn, Managing Director of Swire Pacific Offshore, said: "We are delighted to announce this additional PSV order with USC. "SPO now has 29 vessels on order and will have one of the youngest, most technologically advanced and reliable fleets in the industry - ensuring we are well aligned with the future demands of our customers." The contract includes options for a further four vessels of this type from Universal Shipbuilding Corporation (USC).
Japanese Shipbuilders Sign Aveva Contracts
Aveva (LSE:AVV), supplier of engineering IT systems for the plant and marine industries, announced that several Japanese shipbuilders -- Namura Shipbuilding, Universal Shipbuilding Corporation, Shin Kurushima Dockyard, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Marine & Engineering and Imabari Shipbuilding Group -- have signed contracts worth over $2.5m to extend their use of Aveva marine solutions. The contracts were made in the first half of Aveva's financial year ending 30 September 2008.
Long Term Charter for MT Achilleas
Capital Product Partners L.P. (NASDAQ: CPLP) secured long term fixed rate time charter employment with profit share arrangements for its remaining spot VLCC, the M/T Achilleas. In particular, the M/T Achilleas (297,863 dwt, built 2010 Universal Shipbuilding Corp.) has secured employment with the Partnership's sponsor, Capital Maritime & Trading Corp. ('CMTC') for a maximum charter term of up to 3 years. It will be earning a gross daily charter rate of $28
ABS Adds to Membership
At the recent ABS Council meeting in N.Y., 40 prominent members of the shipping and offshore industries were elected as new members of the international classification society. The ABS Council also elected two new members to the society's Technical Committee. "ABS governance is vested in a membership comprised of distinguished individuals drawn from the international shipping, shipbuilding and offshore industries, from academia
Swire PSV Genset Contract for MAN
MAN L27/38 diesel-electric units to power platform supply vessels in major Swire Pacific Offshore contract Swire has ordered eight IMT-997 platform supply vessels (PSVs), with four to be built by Universal Shipbuilding Corporation in Japan and a further four to be built by EISA Shipyard in Brazil. Each vessel will be equipped with 4 × 6L27/38 MAN gensets, with each unit rated at 1,980 kW at 720 rpm. All generating sets will be constructed by MAN Diesel & Turbo's Korean licensee
ClassNK, IHIMU, DU, and IBM Japan to Develop Software
ClassNK, IHI Marine United (IHIMU), Diesel United (DU) and IBM Japan have announced they will jointly develop a ship maintenance management system to help reduce ship lifecycle cost. The jointly developed system, which will make use of the latest condition monitoring sensor technology and data analysis systems, will be offered by ClassNK as a cloud-based service to shipowners, managers and operators from June 2013.
Adjustable Small Boat Chock System Introduced by UMT
UMT International launches new AU (Adjustable/Universal) chock system for 2013 The challenge for the yacht owner is to find a safe and secure method to bring on board and effectively stow and secure rigid inflatable boats (RIB), rigid tenders, light weight dinghys and jet-skis. To meet this challenge UMT introduce for 2013 their new "AU" Adjustable/Universal Chocks. The new design with adjustable mounting bolts allows adjustment of the supports to accommodate the different hull
Vietnam Shipbuilding Growing
The Vietnam Shipping Corp. (VINASHIN) grew 46.5 percent last year, reporting a turnover of $ 692 million. This year, VINASHIN has lined up several large projects including construction of and upgrades to 14 shipyards, the most prominent of which are Song Hong, Ha Long, Nhat Le, and Nghi Son in the north and Dung Quat, Cam Ranh, and Da Nang in the central region. The state-owned giant plans promotions, training programs, and market expansion in Egypt, Japan
Kollmorgen Inks $6.5m Sub Deal
Kollmorgen Corp., Electro-Optical Division, Northampton, Mass., is being awarded a $6,580,913 firm-fixed-price contract for production of eight Universal Modular Mast (UMM) Systems. The UMM provides for development and acquisition of a non-hull penetrating mast that serves as a lifting mechanism for five sensor configurations (the Photonics Mast, the Multi-Function Mast, the Integrated Electronic Mast, the High Data Rate Mast and the Photonics Mast Variant) on Virginia Class and SSGN Class
Australia Cautions Against Unilateral Security Measures
The Honorable John Anderson, Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and the Minister for Transport and Regional Services delivered a Speech in which he discussed the globalization of the maritime shipping industry and cautioned against unilateral maritime security measures, such as pre-screening of cargo, that go beyond the universal measures being developed at the IMO. Source: HK Law
Hamburg Cargo Volumes at Record High
Seaborne cargo throughput of 110 million tons in the first nine months sets new record for Port of Hamburg With total throughput of around 110 million tons, the Port of Hamburg set a new record in the first nine months of 2014
Fincantieri Sign MoUs with Carnival & CSSC
Fincantieri, the world leader in the construction of cruise ships, has signed two memorandums of understanding, respectively with Carnival Corporation, the world's largest cruise line, and with China CSSC Holdings Limited, controlled by CSSC (China State Shipbuilding Corporation)
Steven Palazzo Visits HII, Newport
Huntington Ingalls Industries today hosted Rep. Steven Palazzo, R-Miss., for a tour of the company's Newport News Shipbuilding division. Palazzo represents the fourth district of Mississippi, which includes Newport News' sister shipyard, Ingalls Shipbuilding.
Leistritz Debuts Three New Pumps
The offshore oil and gas industry uses Floating Production, Storage and Off-loading (FPSO) vessels to process and store gas or oil until it can be unloaded onto tankers or forwarded through a pipeline. Leistritz Screw Pumps are responsible for boosting the produced water into a hydro cyclone where
Ship Arrested, More Claims Emerge Against OW Bunker
Fuel barge Laguna, carrying oil sold by Hin Leong to OW Bunker, arrested. Total claims against OW Bunker Far East and Dynamic Oil now over S$5 mln. Oil firms stepped up legal action against the Singapore units of bankrupt ship fuel trader OW Bunker with the arrest of a ship fuel delivery barge
They Said It ... Paul N. Jaenichen, U.S. Maritime Administrator
"In a large part driven by our country's energy boom, the domestic shipbuilding industry is seeing robust activity, the most over three decades." "Billions of dollars are being invested to meet the demands of oil production, and nearly 30 large, self-propelled
SENER Presents Computer Aided Design Evolution
SENER attended the 53rd edition of the Naval Architecture Congress in Spain, from October 8-10. It was organized by the Naval Architecture and Oceanic Engineering Association of Spain, this time in Cartagena. SENER's Rodrigo Pérez presented a work about the computer aided design evolution
Seaspan's Vancouver Shipyard's Modernization Complete
Today, Seaspan's Vancouver Shipyards officially celebrated the completion of its two-year, $170M Shipyard Modernization Project ahead of schedule and under-budget. Funded entirely by Seaspan, this project has transformed Vancouver Shipyards into the most modern facility in North
Port of Tallinn Orders Four Ferries
The Port of Tallinn has signed contracts with Remontowa Shipbuilding and Sefine Shipyard shipbuilding facilities for the construction of four new car-passenger ferry boats to be used on the lines between the mainland and major Estonian islands; two ferries are to be built by each shipbuilding
Propeller Design Software Upgraded
HydroComp PropCad 2014 released HydroComp PropCad is software for geometric modeling of marine propellers for design and manufacture that provides automatic preparation of 2D design drawings, 3D offsets, thickness classification reports and CAD/CAM data
FMT Orders Another Towboat from Eastern Shipbuilding
Eastern Shipbuilding Group, Inc. is pleased to announce that Florida Marine Transporters, Inc. of Mandeville, LA exercised another additional 90'x32'x10' "Canal Class" Inland Towboat to the six (6) vessel program currently under contract
Dayang Shipbuilding Delivers 200th Ship
An IMR GPA696 was recently christened and delivered at Dayang Shipbuilding Co. on October 15, 2014, a significant milestone in that the ship is the 200th ship built since the company was founded 10 years ago. Representatives from the government, banks, Bourbon, BV
Carnival Corp MOU with CSSC to Promote Cruise Industry
Carnival Corporation & plc the world's largest cruise company, today announced it has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) to explore the possibility of a joint venture aimed at accelerating the development and growth of
Hamburg Port Dredging Delayed
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Agenda, Speakers for AVEVA Summit Announced
AVEVA today announced additional speaker, sponsor and agenda details for this year's AVEVA World Summit. The global event is being held in Berlin, Germany, from 14-16 October. AVEVA customers from across the world's process, plant


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Bonapartists in the BorderlandsUniversity of Alabama Press 2009; US$ 50.00
Bonapartists in the Borderlands recounts how Napoleonic exiles and French refugees from Europe and the Caribbean joined forces with Latin American insurgents, Gulf pirates, and international adventurers to seek their fortune in the Gulf borderlands.� The U.S. Congress welcomed the French to America and granted them a large tract of rich Black... more...
Patterson for AlabamaUniversity of Alabama Press 2009; US$ 29.95
John Patterson, Alabama governor from 1959 to 1963, was thrust into the Alabama political arena after the brutal murder of his father, attorney general Albert Patterson in 1954. Allowed by the Democratic Party to take his father's place and to complete the elder's goal of cleaning up corruption in his hometown Phenix City, Patterson made... more...
The Montgomery Bus BoycottABC-CLIO 2009; US$ 119.00
The Montgomery Bus Boycott: A History and Reference Guide offers a comprehensive account of a critical turning point in American history. It offers a richly detailed chronological trip through post-World War II Southern society to the early 1960s, then focuses on the day-to-day frustrations, challenges, and victories of the people behind the protest... more...
Stride Toward FreedomBeacon Press 2010; US$ 15.00
The classic story of nonviolent resistance in America?the Montgomery bus boycott?written by Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s account of the first successful large-scale application of nonviolent resistance in America is comprehensive, revelatory, and intimate. King described his book as "the chronicle of 50,000 Negroes... more...
Speak Truth to PowerUniversity of Alabama Press 2010; US$ 16.00
On December 11, 1954, Charles Patrick drove to downtown Birmingham to buy a Boy Scout uniform for his son. Christmas traffic around the downtown department stores was heavy, and Patrick circled unsuccessfully until at last a streetside spot opened up and he began to pull in. As he did so, he was cut off by a woman who ordered him out of the way,... more...
Power and Violence in the Colonial CityCambridge University Press 1995; US$ 37.00
This book examines the characteristics of political power in the cities of the colonial Spanish Empire between the 1740s and 1780s. more...
A Letter from FrankDundurn 2011; US$ 12.99
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Reborn in AmericaUniversity of Alabama Press 2011; US$ 30.00
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The history of the Vine and Olive Colony in Demopolis, Alabama, has long been clouded... more...


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How much milk do you buy/use? (and how do you use it all up?)
- Kajikit May 16, 2011 07:30 AM
We used to use a full gallon every week because DH was a big cereal eater. He changed to grits (made with water and butter) and I have trouble using the smaller bottle before it goes sour. I even tried buying the baby-sized bottles but they only do three bowls of cereal and they're gone so I'd need two, and that costs almost as much as a full gallon! So I've gone back to the regular-sized one, which leaves a lot of sour or nearly sour milk at the end of the week... what else can I do with it aside from making pancakes or throwing it out? I could make enough to feed an army!
re: Harters
you still have home delivery? wow, im stunned.
re: KaimukiMan
Still very common here, although in decline. It's only a couple of years back they delivered six days a week. Now down to three.
Even more unusual, is that it's still sold in pints.
re: KaimukiMan
When I lived in Salem, MA, there was a dairy that delivered. The last time I checked, they still do.
re: babette feasts
I second the ricotta suggestion. I buy a half gallon of milk at a time and I usually use it up just before the expiration date. If I notice that it's coming soon, I drink a glass of Ovaltine (my favorite chocolate milk) and put the rest in a pan for ricotta. The ratio is 1 cup of buttermilk to 4 cups of milk, but that can be cut down. Keep portioned amounts of buttermilk in the freezer for this occasion and you'll never have milk go bad again. That is if your willing to put together a last minute lasagna or pizza or something to use that ricotta.
re: Novelli
Novelli, you sound like me... I've been known to personally drink three gallons a week!
re: Novelli
I have my daugjter half the time but we go through 2 gallons of skim a week. Just the thing after a long day at work. I freeze milk for camPing and woild do the same in the unlikely event I had too much.
In the US, we went through a little over 2 gallons a week (for only 3 of us!) -- cereal, coffee, and we were big milk drinkers.
In Europe, it's still over 2 litres a week - cereal and coffee hasn't changed much, but we now eat more cheese and yogurt than milk.
re: KaimukiMan
We have quarts, half gallons, and gallons in cartons, but it can be a challenge to find milk in pints. Most stores around here sell 12 ounce bottles intended for single serve "on-the-go" consumption. Occasionally I find 14 oz bottles. I only use milk when baking, and the 12 ounce size is usually enough.
re: KaimukiMan
Not necessarily cartons: Crescent Ridge, the dairy that delivers to us here in Boston, uses proper glass bottles.
re: KaimukiMan
Not cardboard cartons, plastic bottles... I did a careful look at the milk the other day and yes, they have those three sizes, plus a super-tiny individual portion bottle that costs nearly as much as the pint.
re: KaimukiMan
here in California there's a huge dairy - Alta Dena - that sells its milk in plastic bottles at the supermarket, and some of the organic milks are sold in glass bottles, even in the stores (as opposed to home delivery).
A quart every two weeks. Most of it goes to make yogurt and whatever remains is used to cream my tea or coffee.
I need to buy a cow or stock in a dairy farm!! We go though at least 2 gallons of 2% a week for my 3 year old and a 1/2 gallon of Skim Plus for the husband and me. I find our milk lasts quite a while within reason. What type are you buying?
Milkman delivers a half-gallon of 2% and a half-gallon of 1% (plus a pint of half and half) every Tuesday. The 1% is immediately turned into homemade yogurt, which is the main thing we have for breakfast. The 2% gets used for cereal, recipes, drinking, etc. Half-and-half gets used for coffee mostly.
I buy a liter of whole milk or the natural fat % milk (3,5% to 4,5 % depending on the season) i normally only use milk in cooking/baking or coffee/tea
One word: Parmalat.
I use milk maybe once a month. I keep a couple of Parmalat liters and mini-milks (juice box size) in the cupboard for when I need it. That way I can use whatever the recipe calls for and not waste it. Even after you open it, Parmalat tends to stay good in the fridge for weeks anyway.
We use a half gallon or so per week of whole milk in coffee, black tea and cereal( cook hot cereal in half milk half water). I but an extra gallon every few weeks to make ricotta.
Oberwise delivers 2 gallons a week to us. 1 gallon whole milk, 1/2 gallon 2%, 1/2 gallon chocolate milk.
I have a 2 year old, a 3 year old, and a husband who loves milk. I think I may use 3 cups total in a week myself. ;)
There's just two of us, and I only drink 4 oz of 1% or so a day, in coffee or tea, or maybe the same measure in an occasional bowl of cereal. Mrbushy drinks upwards of two+ gallons a week, mainly in the form of chocolate milk. He's got a bad milk addiction, as well as potato chips. Oddly, his weight and cholesterol are fine, but the diary budget is out of control.
All I know is, whenever I want some milk, generally there isn't any left.
re: roxlet
Lactaid is excellent for baking. In fact, it's better than regular milk. I buy whole milk, though, to fatten up my skinny 14 year old son. He's had it all his life, so he doesn't complain about the sweet taste. I only drink milk in other things, so I don't care. It's just a wetting (cereal) and whitening (coffee, tea) agent for me.
re: Isolda
Why is it better than regular milk? I usually use it for baking only in a pinch.
re: roxlet
I find it makes the crumb of certain cakes more tender. Its sweetness also improves the flavor. I don't drink milk except in tea and coffee, so I can't vouch for its taste alone.
we were buying a half-gallon every week or two, but cut down to a smaller size since we only really use it for omelets, some cooking, and an occasional glass here and there.
I'm just about on pace to go through 2 gallons by myself this week (and I'm lactose intolerant!). Most of it goes down around exercise times. After that...
Soups, sauces, rice pudding, pancake/quickbreads, with eggs, with fruits... It's milk/dairy. It just about goes with everything.
One thing I'm confused by - Are you buying fresh milk? I just find it strange that the expiration is up so soon. Even regular milk (regular pasteurized) seems to last a couple of weeks.
There's a rule in our house: anytime you go to the store, pick up a gallon of whole milk The two guys (51 & 15) go through at least at gallon and a half per day. I buy a half gallon of skim for myself that lasts a week and a half.
We go through 3 liters of milk per week...because my husband likes his milk with coffee in it. :D And I like to bake.
re: Isolda
I live in Ontario (Canada--am specifying because not all of Canada gets milk like this) and we can purchase our milk in the bigger bag that contains three smaller bags in it. Each small bag is a liter. If the milk spoils, it would spoil in the opened bag first. This way, the unopened bags are still fresh and unspoiled even if we don't drink it right away. I estimate we've had some for up to a week and a half or two weeks because of those smaller bags. We finish our milk pretty quickly though.
i'm just trying to figure out how/why it spoils on you before you finish it! i don't eat cereal and i don't drink milk straight, so the only real use my milk gets is an ounce or two in my morning coffee...and i always manage to finish the carton before it goes off. and it's skim milk, which is notorious for spoiling before higher fat varieties.
but if you need ways to use it up, i second the suggestion for ricotta...or yogurt (i buy separate cartons for that).
re: JerryMe
ooh, pudding is a good call...and on that note, rice pudding too :)
We (two of us) buy it (2%) in gallons and mostly only use it for morning cappuccino, but even so seldom have it go bad; in fact, I'm astonished how much of the stuff we go through, considering its limited use. BTW, contrary to popular opinion, unless I'm badly misinformed (or things have changed) the date on milk products is a sell by not a use by date. Generally the milk should be fine for 7 days or so past the date stamped, tho I do find that this varies seasonally--it seems to me it goes bad quicker in the Spring. I wonder if anyone else has noticed this? Of course if your refrigerator's temperature is set on the high side the milk will spoil sooner.
We also keep liter cartons of Parmlat on hand to save ourselves from milk runs when we run out unexpectedly.
I'm not too keen on freezing milk myself. While it remains wholesome, I find it acquires a "chalky" taste.
re: Naguere
I keep UHT on hand for cooking and for my Nespresso machine -- for whatever reason, it foams up WAY better than fresh milk.
I buy the 1-litre bottles...At Lidl.
Well, it looks as though I am the odd duck here, because my family of five drinks four gallons of milk a week, and I hardly drink any! Dh and one of my dc go through 2 1/2 gallons of skim on their own, while my other two dc drink a gallon and a half of 1%. They just love milk - prefer it to soda - while I don't care for it at all, except in coffee and tea.
1. I consume 3 half-gallons a month or thereabouts. I currently buy low-temp pasteurized, non-homogenized milk from a local source that is (hallelujah!) available at my local Whole Foods. I basically only drink it in my daily cups of tea.
2. My grandfather lived alone after my grandmother died and he still bought milk by the gallon. He told a story from his big-rig trucker days (this would have been the 1950s) when a fellow trucker showed him a cave full of vats of milk being constantly agitated -- to be made into powdered milk and given away with other government commodities. The fellow tapped off a tin mug full of milk and gave it to him to drink, and it was sweet and fresh-tasting, despite being many weeks old. The moral of the story? Agitation is your friend. I haven't had a carton of milk go bad in years. Grandpa taught me to give it a good hard shake every time I use it, and it lasts ages.
re: LauraGrace
re: #2 -- interesting. I wonder why.
re: sunshine842
I wish I knew! All I know is that, if I don't shake my milk, it goes bad in a flash, but if I do, it stays fresh for a looooong time.


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Krysta Carter was born on July 12, 1985 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She is an actress, known for Chloe (2009), 5ive Girls (2006) and Cyber Seduction: His Secret Life (2005). See full bio »
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text: We're sorry, Make And Sew Baby Heart Dungarees Kit is no longer available Why not try one of these instead? Family Tree Sewing Kit by SewSister £26.50$50.55€34.89$44.36 Wise Owl Sewing Buddy by Ruth Springer Design £24$45.78€31.60$40.18 'Make And Sew' Butterfly Kits Gift Box by Kitty Kay - 'Make & Sew' £25$47.69€32.91$41.85 'Merry Christmas' Bunting Kit by Handmade By LucyLu £24.50$46.74€32.25$41.02 Make And Sew Baby Heart Dungarees Kit by Little Dress Kits £28.99$55.31€38.17$48.53 This item is no longer available £2.75$5.24€3.62$4.60 mainland UK delivery £2.75$5.24€3.62$4.60 mainland UK delivery International delivery available sizesize (required)Up to 6 monthsUp to 12 monthssize (required)Up to 6 monthsUp to 12 monthssize (required)Up to 6 monthsUp to 12 monthssize (required)Up to 6 monthsUp to 12 months we're sorry we're sorry, This item is no longer available buy a gift voucher related categories home > leisure > creative kits & experiences > sewing kits by Little Dress Kits Location: Hertfordshire, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller new Personalised Christmas Picture, Framed Tex... £38$72.50€50.03$63.62 Wine And Bubbles Art Print £12$22.89€15.80$20.09 new Vintage Suitcases And Gentleman's Hat Orig... £38$72.50€50.03$63.62 Vintage Suitcases Sewn Original Art Picture £38$72.50€50.03$63.62 Elephant In Hot Air Balloon £18$34.34€23.70$30.13 Signed Vintage Gypsy Caravan Print £12$22.89€15.80$20.09 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS DELIVERY RETURNS Made in Britain ask seller a question Make and sew beautiful needlecord heart dungarees for your baby. Perfect for a new mum Our kits include quality cuts of fabric, buttons, trimmings, thread and a sew-in 'Handmade with Love' label. Our unique baby and children's dress pattern pieces are adhesive which means that fabric can be cut accurately, with ease and without the need for pins. We wanted to simplify dress patterns to make them quicker, easier and more accurate to use, and we are proud to have achieved this. Don't forget, our Kits also make unique gifts! Sizes Available: Up to 6 months Up to 12 months made from: The Kit contains: Soft 100% cotton needlecord, red gingham lining, red ric rac, 3 lovely heart buttons, sewing thread, easy to follow instructions and our unique, easy-to-use adhesive pattern pieces. Wash the dungarees with care and with similar colours. dimensions: Approximate size of packaged kit: 29.7cm x 21.0cm product code: 222862 This product is dispatched to you by Little Dress Kits. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item on or before price Standard Delivery Monday 1 December £2.75$5.24€3.62$4.60 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £2.75$5.24€3.62$4.60 Northern Ireland 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £2.75$5.24€3.62$4.60 Other UK Islands 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £4.95$9.44€6.51$8.28 INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £9.95$18.98€13.10$16.65 Rest of Europe 5-10 daysfrom dispatch £9.95$18.98€13.10$16.65 USA & Canada 5-10 daysfrom dispatch £17.95$34.24€23.63$30.05 Far East & Australasia 5-10 daysfrom dispatch £17.95$34.24€23.63$30.05 Rest of the world 5-14 daysfrom dispatch £17.95$34.24€23.63$30.05 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Little Dress Kits's return policy


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Extension > Extension County Offices > Cottonwood > 4-H > Articles
Redwood County 4-H Program Coordinator Position Open til Nov 24Redwood County 4-H Program Coordinator position is open until November 24th. Please share with qualified candidates who may be looking for employment in the Redwood Falls area.
Register Now for 4-H BLUBuilding Leadership & Understanding (BLU)
Andrea Ruesch Regional 4-H Scholarship - Apply by March 2 2015The Family of Andrea Ruesch established a 4-H scholarship with the Minnesota 4-H Foundation in memory of her dedication and contributions to the Minnesota 4-H program. Based on the family's belief in positive youth development, the focus of this scholarship is on demonstrated learning through hands-on experience and using what you have learned to help others (youth leadership).
Pipestone Cty 4-H Program Coordinator Position Applications Open until Nov 28The Pipestone County 4-H Program Coordinator position applications are open until November 28th. Please share this with qualified candidates who may be interested in this position.
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The People in the Picture
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Gavyn Davies has a great post looking at the recent work by Fed researchers and the Goldman Sachs economics team on trends in US labour force participation and their implications for US monetary policy. See also Robin Harding last month.
To recapitulate, the US unemployment rate has continued to decline steadily, and at its current pace would hit the Fed's 6.5 per cent threshold to begin raising rates by roughly the middle of next year. Read more


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With streetcar dead, Arlington ponders: What's next?
Whatever happens on Columbia Pike, both sides agree that it needs to happen soon. In the next 30 years, county leaders say, 65 percent of Arlington's population growth will be along Columbia Pike and Route One — the two areas…
The past, present, and future issues of the Arlington Streetcar
The ideal situation for Schwartz would be "a dedicated transit lane in each direction, a through-vehicle lane in each direction, and safer turn lanes." That possibility, though, will experience many issues with the Virginia Department of Transportation, which has already…
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Coalition for Smarter Growth STATEMENT on cancellation of Arlington's Columbia Pike Streetcar
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE November 18, 2014 CONTACT Stewart Schwartz, Executive Director, Coalition for Smarter Growth 202-675-0016 ext.121 703-599-6437 (mobile) email@example.com ARLINGTON, VA — Coalition for Smarter Growth Executive Director Stewart Schwartz issued the following statement today in response to news…
Coalition for Smarter Growth applauds progress in DC's Inclusionary Zoning program and pushes to strengthen policy
WASHINGTON DC — Coalition for Smarter Growth Policy Director Cheryl Cort issued the following statement today in response to the Gray Administration's release of the DC inclusionary zoning annual report and the administration's proposed revisions to the program:


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November 25, 2014
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text: Shane Mosley: His Last Chance for Greatness In the lexicon of the world of boxing, the word 'Sugar' is a moniker that is reserved for only a few great fighters. You have to be a pretty special and flashy fighter in order to adopt the nickname in the first place. Needless to say, you have to be good, you have to win, and you have to have the heart and charisma of a champion - as well as public appeal. In the history of boxing, there was the great Sugar Ray Robinson and Sugar Ray Leonard, who are undisputed all time greats. No one would argue that these two pugilists earned the right to stitch the "Sugar" nickname on their boxing trunks. There was also WBC light heavyweight champion Carlos 'Sugar' Deleon in the 1980's and middleweight 'Sugar' Ray Seals in the 1970's. Seals was a fringe contender who fought Marvin Hagler twice, losing a decision and then earning a draw against the Marvelous one in a rematch. Although they were both good fighters, they didn't quite live up to the 'Sugar' nickname. Not many fighters can. "Sugar " Shane Mosley is right on the cusp of all time greatness if he can defeat, and convincingly defeat, the great Floyd Mayweather Jr. Shane is scheduled to fight the 'Pretty Boy' on May 1st in Las Vegas. Starting out his career as a lightweight in 1993, Shane compiled a 38 and 0 record with 35 knockouts. Mosley was a pound for pound fighter at the height of his lightweight reign, but relatively unknown outside the world of boxing fans and purists. Moving up to welterweight in 1999(skipping the junior welterweight division altogether), he then faced Oscar De La Hoya in June of 2000 and won a split decision in a very exciting fight. This pushed Mosley to the forefront of the American public as well as the boxing public - a status all prize fighters strive for. Mosley is one of those fighters that any boxing fan knows is a good - if not great fighter. The problem is, I was forced to describe him as a "good - if not great" fighter. He is right on the bubble. If, and only if he defeats Mayweather, will Shane Mosley be considered great. Of course, that is my humble opinion. Then, if he fights and defeats Manny Pacquiao, which isn't out of the realm of possibility, he will undoubtedly be universally recognized as great. However, let's not get ahead of ourselves. Let's look at his history. He has beaten Oscar De La Hoya twice, Fernando Vargas twice, Ricardo Mayorga, Antonio Margarito, Luis Collazo, and a solid Phillip Holiday at lightweight. Not too mention the whole lightweight division when he reigned in that division over ten years ago. To play devil's advocate, many people thought he lost the rematch against De La Hoya, this writer included. Also, his two wins over Vargas were a bit underwhelming due to the fact that Vargas was considered a relatively shot fighter by the time of the Mosley fights. Furthermore, it was reported that Mosley tested positive for performance enhancing drugs(PED's) following the 2003 rematch against De La Hoya. Although Mosley claims he ingested or took these PED's unknowingly, it sure hasn't helped his legacy as a great fighter. Shane has lost twice to Vernon Forrest and Winky Wright. Then, he lost a close decision to Miguel Cotto in November of 2008. These losses definitely set Mosley back quite a bit, but he is a fighter that is most enduring. Shane never stopped taking challenges from all fighters. He has never ducked anybody. Most boxing fans and writers are having a hard time envisioning how Mosley will be able to defeat the defensive specialist and sharpshooter for which Floyd is known. Quite frankly, so am I, and I am a big fan of Mosley. Maybe will we see something from Shane that will shock us. I am hoping that is the case. Coming off a spectacular knockout of the big and strong Antonio Margarito in January of 2009, Mosley has been considered one of the top three welterweights in the world. At the seasoned age of 38 (he turns 39 on September 7th), Shane will be coming off a 16 month layoff by the time he enters the ring against Mayweather. The fight against Mayweather happened somewhat by accident. With the Pacquiao - Mayweather negotiations falling apart and Mosley's January 30th fight with Andre Berto fight being canceled, it seemed to happen by default. Not one welterweight champion or contender aside from Andre Berto really wanted to face Mosley because it was just too risky. Mosley simply destroyed Margarito and even Mayweather seemed to want to avoid Mosley - even after Floyd's dominating performance of Juan Manual Marquez. So why do you think fighters are so scared of a 38 year old former lightweight who hasn't fought in over a year? Here is why. Shane Mosley is the Cal Ripken Jr. of boxing. He shows up to work every day and nothing gets in the way of his professionalism. A gym rat of unequaled proportion, Mosley is in shape year around. He comes to fight, and he comes to win. He is not afraid of taking a punch, and he is fan friendly. Shane is accustomed to the big stage, and he is a very experienced and veteran fighter. He has power and speed, and the uncompromising will to win. He is the opposite of a beer drinking, weight gaining Ricky Hatton. Shane doesn't slack between fights. He has never been knocked out and has never taken any beatings. He has only been down once against Vernon Forrest in their first fight. I don't think the sixteen month layoff prior to the bout will be an issue. Mosley always stays sharp. As a matter of fact, the layoff should help him in an odd way due to his advanced age. In the wake of the March 13th fight between Manny Pacquiao versus Joshua Clottey bout at Cowboys Stadium, boxing fans are in need of a 'great' fight. Pacquiao did his job by beating Clottey, now Mosley can step into a super fight if he beats Mayweather. Most fans and writers, including myself, see this as a great match up. Pacquiao came to fight and displayed his great hand speed, resilience, stamina, and the will of a champion. On the grand stage in Jerry Jones' wonderful state of the art stadium, Clottey failed to make a real effort to take the fight to Pacquiao. In the end, Pacquiao won every round on two of the three judges scorecards in an rather easy victory of the defensive minded Clottey. So what does all this mean? Pacquiao is considered the world's best. If Mosley can beat Mayweather, and then face and beat Pacquiao, Mosley will cement his legacy. If Mosley can beat Mayweather, it will be a great feat all by itself. If he wins decisively, it will set him up for an historic bout between he and Manny Pacquiao. Mosley will be on the threshold of greatness. Something that has always seemed to have eluded him. Mosley is the type of fighter that searches for that type of rarified air. He wants to win. He wants to prove himself. He is not scared. He comes prepared. The major problem with this whole equation for Shane is that beating Mayweather is a task of gargantuan proportion. Mayweather, as most boxing fans know, is a master defensive fighter with precision counter skills and power. Mosley will be aggressive because he has that Philadelphia fighter element in his instincts as a fighter(not to be confused with Bernard Hopkins-who goes against the grain of typical Philadelphia fighters). Mosley will be offensive with his speed and skill. It should be interesting to see how Mayweather handles Mosley. Mosley has a history of being neutralized by defensive fighters. Winky Wright was very defensive but utilized a great jab to counter Mosley's aggression. Vernon Forrest was long armed and tall, and Mosley's style played right into the hands of Forrest. Vernon landed the right hand at will on Mosley and the granite chinned Shane had no answer to remedy the style of a unique fighter. In the end, Shane lost two consecutive fights to Forest, which diminished his marketability as an elite fighter. Will Floyd shut down Mosley? My boxing knowledge says yes. But knowing Shane, he might utilize some of that "Sugar" to forge his name into the record books and true greatness with an upset victory over Floyd. How many people thought he would knock out and literally destroy Antonio Margarito? This is why I love the sport of boxing. You just never know. Andrew Parsons grew up in Southern California and is a graduate of Cal State Fullerton. He is a contributing writer at www.fightfannation.com. You can also see more of his writing at Vintage Sports Memor abilia Online where he discusses sports memorabilia including boxing memorabilia.


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The Wallace volleyball team defeated Hayes Center Friday in four sets.
Wallace (6-3) won the first set, 25-17. Hayes Center (4-6) came back to get the second, 25-23.
Wallace won the third and fourth sets by identical 25-19 scores.
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Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC) plans to construct a new unit in the fourth quarter to store petrochemicals in Jubail, al-Watan reported, citing an unidentified source at the company.
The new unit will increase the company's petrochemical storage capacity to 18 million tons a year, the newspaper said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Mourad Haroutunian in Riyadh at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Shaji Mathew at email@example.com