text:
A system which can be used in the paint manufacturing industry to shade batches of paint to desired standard color based on standard values for the standard color by use of physical differences of the paint to be shaded and the standard paint determined from tristimulus values derived from panels sprayed with the respective paints.
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Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Armstrong Jr. et al.
[:41 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INSTRUMENTALLY SHADING METALLIC P INTs [73] Assignee: E. l. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington,-Del.
22 Filed: April 7, 1970 21 A 1.N6.=26,269
52 US. Cl. ..356/176,250/226, 356/74,
- 356/96 51] int. Cl. ..G01j 3/46, G01 j 3/42 [58] Field of Search ...356/96, 176, 178, 74; 250/226 51 Sept. 12,1972
OTHER PUBLICATIONS Color Technology" by Marshall; Chemical Engineering, Aug. 12, 1968; pg. 148- 156 r Digital Computer Color Matching; Allen; American Dyestufi Reporter, pg. 57- 63.
Paint Testing Manual; Gardner & Sward; Gardner Laboratory, Inc.; Bethesda, Maryland, March 62; pg., 21, 22,12,13.
Primary Examiner-Ronald L. Wibert Assistant Examiner-V. P. McGraw Attorney-John E. Griffiths [57] ABSTRACT A system which can be used in the paint manufacturing industry to shade batches of paint to desired standard color based on standard values for the standard color by use of physical differences of the paint to be shaded and the standard paint determined from [56] References tristimulus values derived from panels sprayed with v UNITED STATES PATENTS the respectlve palms- 3,506,365 4/1970 Hunt et al ..356/96- 6 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure l A Al A1! PREPARATION OF MULTI- PIGMENTED PAINT WHICH IS TO REPRESENT THE STANDARD COLOR FOR THAT PARTICULAR SHADE PREPARATION OF SINGLE PIGMENT PAINTS FOR EACH PIGMENT USED IN THE PAINT OF A PREPARATION OF PAINT TO BE SHADED TO THE COLOR STANDARDS OF PAINT IN A REPRODUCIBLE MODE OF APPLICATION OF PAINTS TO TEST PANELS CALCULATION OF VECTOR DATA CHARACTERIZATION OF STANDARD COLORANTS BY SPECTRAL CURVES AND DETERMINATION or DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BATCH (A") AND STANDARD (A) a! I'RISTIMULUS READINGS or BATCH CONVERSION OF DATA BY PROGRAMMED COMPUTER DERIVED FROM C AND C'.
INTO AMOUNTS OF PIGMENT TO ADD FOR COLOR MATCH Patented Sept. 12, 1972 3,690,771
A A A PREPARATION OF MULTI- PREPARATION OF SINGLE PREPARATION OF PAINT PIGMENTED PAINT WHICH PIGMENT PAINTS FOR TO BE SHADED TO THE IS TO REPRESENT THE EACH PIGMENT USED IN COLOR STANDARDS OF STANDARD COLOR FOR THE PAINT OF A PAINT IN A THAT PARTICULAR SHADE REPRODUCIBLE MODE OF APPLICATION OF PAINTS TO TES PANELS CHARACTERIZATION OF ETERI-IIILZTIOII C STANDARD COLORANTS BY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECTRAL CURVES AND BATCH (A") AND CALCULATION OF STANDARD (A) BY VECTOR DATA TRISTIMULUS READINGS OF BATCH CONVERSION OF DATA BY PROGRAMMER COMPUTER DERIVED FROM C AND C INTO AMOUNTS OF PIGMENT TO ADD FOR COLOR MATCH INVENTORS WILLIAM S. ARMSTRONG, JR. WEBSTER H. EDWARDS JOSEPH P. LAIRD ROY H. VINING W s. ATR mwm' METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INSTRUMENTALLY SHADING METALLIC PAINTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the manufacture of pigmented finishes one rarely if ever achieves a satisfactory color match versus a color standard without an adjustment process known as shading. Shading usually involves a relatively minor but critical manipulation of the formula pigment composi- 'tion, correcting for the cumulative effects of manufac turing variables on pigment dispersions.
Traditionally, the-shading process has been carried out by highly skilled and trained personnel who require extensive on-the-job experience to achieve proficiency in their craft. Since visual shading at best is an art, effective administration of the process'was difficult and, in many cases, the actual capacity of a plant was tied to the proficiency of the shaders. Displacement of the visual process has been slow and the lack of progress can be attributed to many factors. Visual color matching techniques have enjoyed a comparatively high measure of efficiency,a result of constantly refining procedures developed through the centuries. In addition, the normal eye is extremely sensitive to subtle color differences and it is only in the past to years that practical optical instrumentation has been developed that can rival or exceed the eye in measuring small-color differences. While investigators postulated mathematical expressions which attempted to characterize the optical characteristics of pigmented films, practical application was restricted due to the complexity of the mathematics involved and the sensitivity of instruments required. The computer age haschanged this.
The evolution and availability of high-speed, low cost digital computers has generated a new interest in a series of equations put forth by Kubelka and Munk in 1931. This hypothesis relates the effect of a scatter component (S) andan absorption component (K) in terms of measured reflectance. The popularity of the Kubelka-Munk equations among practical colorists ,coefficients. These characteristics were readily visualized and understood by the majority of colorists; whereas, prior mathematical treatments of color, though mathematically correct, were not understood nor completely trusted. Despite this advantage, the complexity and volume of calculations associated with the application of the hypothesis precluded usage until the advent of modern computational equipment. The application of Kubelka-Munk technology will be discussed in more details later.
Preliminary attempts were made to both formulate and to shade colors using spectrophoto'metric and tristimulus difference measurements but were successful in resolving only some of the commercial color problems. Progress was made in the area of shading nonmetallic colors as the reflectance of the paint was constant at varying viewing angles. a
The advent of the high glamor metallic finishes desired by the automotive industry created a perplexing problem. This type of finish exhibited a two-tone or flop effect, i.e., the color appeared different at different viewing angles. The techniques in use up to that time were unable to cope with this variable which was due to the reflectance of the metal particles dispersed in the paint film.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING In its broadest scope the automated shading system can be illustrated by the use of the drawing. Block A represents the manufacture of a batch of paint which is selected upon as being the standard to which subsequent batches will be shaded. Block A represents the preparation of paints containing only one pigment. This procedure is followed for each pigment which is a component of the paint of block A. At B the paints from A and A are applied to test panels by any method which will be uniform and reproducible in terms of the visual appearance of the paint for subsequent applications.
A Block C represents a means of obtaining colorant constants, in terms of Kubelka-Munk coefficient. Colorants are defined as a dispersion of pigment color, however, the system could function by determinations on pigments independent of any dispersion medium. The constants obtained through spectrophotometric measurements on the panels of B coated with the single pigment paints prepared in block A' are the absorption (K) and scattering (S) coefficients. These data are utilized to calculate the color adjustment or vector data (partial derivatives) for formulas (recipes) and are basic to the actual calculation of a shading adjustmentstep D. v
The aforementioned partial derivatives which are color constants for a given formula composition are punched into computer input cards using a binary cod ing system. The entire computer interaction. is represented by block D. The computer input cards can then be fed into a computer specially programmed to handle linear programming. .This computer is programmed so as to return a minimal positive solution in A" represents preparation of a batch of paint for which color standardization is sought relative to a known standard color which was prepared in A.
A sample of the paint prepared in A" is coated on a test panel using the same technique as B.
Block C represents determination of tristimulus values which in our coordinate system are designated G.R. B. values for the light reflectance exhibited by the batch test panel. These values can be obtained by use of a spectrophotometer or colorimeter modified for metallic measurements. Six values are used to compute the differences between the test panel and the standard utilizing a coordinate system such as C.I.E. C.I.E. Commission Internationale del lEclaige further described in Color Science, pages 238-321 by Gunter Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles published by .l. Wiley DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Normally any paint program is initiated to satisfy the aesthetic desires of the customer. Once this desire for a particular color has been satisfied, a standard color to which all subsequent batches must comply in visual appearance is obtained. This is represented by A as previously indicated.
The transition from visual to instrumental procedures for color adjustment and control first necessitated the development of techniques that make possible the preparation of samples which are both repeatable by the same person in a given production area and reproducible by different people in different production areas and at different times. The advent of metallic colors created a perplexing situation in the area of repeatability and reproducibility.
An instrumental shading system requires the use of a system which could coat a test panel to a high degree of visual consistency. For the purpose of this invention a controlled environment spray system could be used to duplicate test panels even though these panels may be sprayed at different times by different individuals. Therefore, any coating system which produced panels coated so as to visually appear very similar would be satisfactory. This is especially important since paints containing metal flake particles must be applied so as to effectuate a reproducible degree of particle orientation in order that the paint film be visually similar. This system is represented by block B.
This preferred spray system which is symbolized by block B of the drawing satisfies the major criteria of reproducibility and repeatability. This system enables one to prepare test panels sprayed with the paint which has been deemed acceptable by the customer in order to accurately determine a set of standards to which future batches of paint can be directed. The same technique is later used to prepare panels with the paint which is to be standardized thereby precluding the application technique from influencing predicted corrections.
Obviously, any mode of paint application to a test panel that can be controlled in varying situations such as time, place, operator, etc., would be suitable for adoption into this system. A controlled environment spray system is merely illustrative of a preferred system.
The ability to reproducibly spray metallic colors by itself, does not make it possible to instrumentally color adjust and control production batches, Color theory and instrumentation applicable to colored films that change color with viewing or illuminating angle had to be evolved and then reduced to every-day practice.
Prior work with non-metallic colors indicated that the Modified Adams Coordinate System would be a preferable coordinate system selection because of its very excellent agreement with perceived color and its relative simplicity. The color values expressed in the Modified Adams Coordinate System define color in terms of lightness, hue and saturation, the three dimensions of color.
The lightness coordinate is based on a scale of zero to 100, where zero represents the perfect black and 100 the perfect white. Between the poles exist shades of neutral gray. The lightness of any color can be positioned on this scale. The hue and saturation characteristics of any color are represented by the a axis, the red/green attributes, the b axis, the yellow/blue attributes. The saturation of a color is defined as the distance of the a and b values from the neutral gray of the L axis. The greater the distance, the more saturated or cleaner the color.
Calculation of the L, a, b values from measured tristimulus values (block C) utilizes the cube root equation. L. G. Glasser, A. H. McKinney, C. D. Reilly, and P. D. Schnelle. Cube Root Color Coordinate System," Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 48, pages 736-740, October, 1958.
The basic equations are:
a: 10 (RI/8 61/3) b= 42.34 (6" 8") where The Modified Adams System offers a degree of simplicity that is lacking in most other color order systems. Color differences existing between a batch and standard can be expressed as follows:
AL= L (batch) L (standard) Aa a (batch) a (standard) Ab b (batch) b (standard) AE= w/ (AL) (Aa) (Ab) The resultant values agree with visual assessment.
Positive values of AL indicate the batch is lighter than standard, negative values indicate the batch is darker than standard. Positive Aa values indicate the batch is redder (less green) than standard, negative Aa indicates the batch is greener (less red) than standard. Similarly positive Ab values indicate the batch is yellower (less blue) than standard, negative Ab indicates the batch is bluer (less yellow) than standard. AE is the total color difference.
Color adjustment data (vector) previously were obtained by manual means, that is, physically weighing predetermined amounts of colorants into known compositions (formulas). Vector data are no longer prepared manually but are calculated via digital equipment using formula pigmentcomposition and colorant characterization data. Colorant characterization data are derived from a series of color panels representing blends of each individual colorant with white and/or aluminum as characterized by block A. Spectrophotometric curves are run on these panels and the constants, K (absorption) and S (scatter) values are calculated (block C) from the basic Kubelka-Munk equation.
Where R is the measured reflectance of the color at a given wavelength.
Characterization procedures for colorants can be found described in the literature common to the color art. These procedures are absolute methods and are predicated on measurements made on panels exhibiting various levels of hiding. Accuracy was primarily dependent on ones ability to measure film thickness. Experience indicates that a large number of color and film thickness measurements were required to achieve even a moderate level of precision. Although these methods could be successfully utilized, a simpler method is preferred.
The need for multiple measurements was eliminated by a new characterization technique. This technique used a combination of the basic Kubelka-Munk equation, the Duncan equation D. R. Duncan, Journal of the Oil and Color Chemists Association, Vol. 32, page 296 (1949).) (discussed later) and panels prepared at complete hiding to provide colorant characterization data. The scattering and absorption coefficients resulting from the application of this technique are relative rather than absolute, being relative to the standard white (or aluminum) utilized. Simplicity was achieved by assuming a fixed value of the scattering coefficient (5,) for the standard white aluminum, or a mixture of white and aluminum used in characterization. Using this assumption, it is possible to calculate the absorption coefficient (K, for the reference colorant directly from the Kubelka-Munk equation. If
The K/S ratio of a mixture of a referencecolorant and a second colorant can be calculated using the Duncan equation.
tolerance. This is important since in a system containing more than four colorants, there are several possible mined are relative to a reference pigment or colorant,
depending on the projected use. The only restrictions placed on the calculated coefficients, K S are that data for colorants used ina given composition be relative to a common reference and secondly, that they be used in colors matched at essentially complete hiding.
The calculation of vector data for a given composition is straightforward. The concentrations of the colorants-are obtained from the formula, the K and S coefficients for each colorant have previously been determined with the result that the vector movement can be calculated differentially using the basic Duncan and Kubelka-Munk equations. The calculation of tristimulus valuesfrom reflectance data follows. This operation is characterized in block C of the drawing.
This data is then coded and punched onto a single input card for future use in the shading computer.
The manual aspects of both vector preparation and graphical shading economically restricted this early shading system to a few highly repetitive colors. These restrictions were overcome by the application of computers to the development of vectors (block C) and shading of batches (D of the drawing). Special-purpose analog shading computers now utilized and preferred were developed to solve the equations previously handled graphically. The computer is programmed for a positive solution in that all corrections to a batch are additions and are not takeouts, a characteristic of many digital programs. With takeouts, additional calculations are required to re-balance the formula. The computers of this invention are programmed in such a manner that the solution is the minimum addition of colorants required to adjust the batch to equal the standard color or to within a predetermined color solutions to a given color difference which can vary significantly in size.
In adapting color technology to metallic colors it was recognized that one would no longer be dealing with pigmented films that reflect light in an essentially diffuse pattern but would be faced with problems of directionality. Ideally, individual flake particles act like mirrors with their reflection efficiency being a function of their refractive index relative to the surrounding medium. Commercially available aluminum flake, however, is not optically flat but has an appearance in miniature of a crumpled piece of paper which has been partially smoothed out. The orientation of the flat and thin particles is rarely precisely parallel to the film surface and is more often semi-horizontal. Commercially available aluminums contain a fair portion of fine flake which because of their reduced size to thickness ratio are less likely to orientate themselves parallel to the film surface. These factors contribute to some dispersion of the directional characteristics of the reflected light.
, Superimposed upon the imperfections of aluminum flake are the effect of the other pigments employed in the finish. In most cases these are fine particle size pigments but because of dispersion limitations they do possess a degree of scatter, further reducing directionality.
The directional reflectance characteristic of a metallic film results in phenomena most commonly referred to as two-tone. Other names given this phenomena are flop,"flip-flop, flash, side-tone, etc. Twotone occurs when a panel is viewed at varying angles to incident light and by definition was considered to be the change in reflectance, AG. The two-tone value is expressed as the ratio of two reflectance values, equating the phenomena as a function of lightness.
Metallic colors were considered to possess four dimensions, and an acceptable match would occur when lightness, hue, saturation and two-tone were adjusted to nearly equal or equal that of the standard. Mathematically, the three equations utilized in adjusting solid colors were supplemented by the two-tone equation:
-AL N AL N gAL N,,AL, N,,AL,
Aa N Aa, N Aa N Aa N Aa -Ab N Ab, N Ab N Ab N ab,
ATT= NHAII, N,,A TT N,,ATT,+ N,,A Tr,
-AL is lightness difference existing between batch and standard -Aa) is hue and saturation difference existing between Ab) batch and standard -ATT is two tone difference existing between batch and standard Aa,) is color movement (vector) f0; colorant l ATT, is two tone movement vector for colorant l N, is percent of vector concentration required for colorant 1 increased, resulting in the high glamor metallics of today.
As metallic colors increased in glamor, more and more metallic colors shaded in accordance with the four-dimensional concept were found to be visually objectionable though .instrumentally acceptable. These batches when viewed visually in a manner to exclude side-tone considerations were judged to be good matches versus standard. It was noted that both viewing and measuring geometry were very similar. When batch panels were viewed at an oblique angle, significant differences were noted. Viewing and measuring geometry was not similar. A colorimeter was modified so that it was possible to measure tristimulus values of the metallic panel from horizontal to near vertical positions. Measurements involving panels that were instrumentally acceptable under the four-dimensional concept but visually objectionable were found to exhibit color differences at all measuring angles in the 45, position where they were judged visually to be acceptable. Batches judged to be visually and instrumentally acceptable when measured in a similar manner were found to exhibit near zero color differences regardless of the angle measured.
The dependence of side-tone color on hue and saturation characteristics, indicated that lightness per se could not adequately characterize side-tone. Measurement studies had shown that visual color differences existing between two metallic colors were detectable at an infinite number of angles. Through analysis of data, measuring positions were selected that made it possible to accurately describe color differences existing between two metallic colors regardless of angle. Preferably, the angles should be from 60 to 80 apart from optimal readings. Equally important, it was demonstrated that when the measured differences were reduced to near zero, the colors matched each other regardless of viewing angle. Color-adjusting a metallic was therefore analogous to shading two colors simultaneously, adjusting each for lightness, hue and saturation. A metallic color can be described by six coordinate values and by six color differences. By this analogy metallic colors are said to have six dimensions, solid colors three dimensions.
A generalized form of the equations for metallics would, therefore, be
AL NC AL NC ALpg NCpaALpg Aap= NcnAa NC AC Ncp Aapa NC A nv AL NC ALH NC AL NCH3AL NC AL where F and H represent two different angles.
Color measurements are normally made using either a tristimulus colorimeter or a spectrophotometer.
The colorimeter was modified as previously mentioned to measure metallic colors at varying angles, preferably two distinct angles, making possible the calculation of the six dimensions that describe differences existing between two metallic colors. Although, measurements can be taken at a number of angles, only two are necessary for accurate determination of color properties. As previously indicated the gradient between these angles is preferably 60 to though any angular difference could produce meaningful results. It should be noted that the angles used should be similar, preferably plus or minus 10, more preferably plus or minus 5, for readings taken to obtainspectral curves and those taken to yield tristimulus values.
To calculate Kubelka-Munk constants, K (absorption) and S (scatter) values, for use with metallic colors, it was necessary to modify a spectrophotometer in a manner that made it possible to measure reflectance curves across the visible spectrum at multiangular positions (both in' a horizontal and vertical plane). The spectrophotometer modified for our use was the commercially available Bausch and Lomb 5 05, however any Spectrophotometer could be so modified after analysis of viewing geometry. The aforementioned spectrophotometric determinations are represented by block C of the drawing.
The data obtained is related to the shading and color prediction operation making feasible the calculation of colorant data for use with metallics. A library of data for a given colorant therefore consists of one set of data (K, S values at several wavelengths) for use in nonmetallic finishes and at least two sets of data for use with metallic finishes. These data are used to calculate vectors (block C) for at least two distinct angles for standard formulas as characterized by block A.
Tristimulus determinations are used to determine the A values described earlier for test panels coated with the paint which is to be color shaded to the color standard (set The tristimulus values are then transposed into the modified Adams Coordinates using the aforementioned cube root equations. The resultant L, a and b values serve to locate the color in color space. In comparing a batch versus a standard, color differences or delta values are obtained. These can be transposed into the single value E which can be used in the equation mentioned earlier with the Adams System. The National Bureau of Standards in Washington has defined an E value of 0.3 N.B.S. units as being only barely detectable to highly trained color personnel. A value of 1.0 N.B.S. unit is generally considered to be a good commercial match. Therefore, in view of the aforementioned procedures, to calculate a shading adjustment for a batch, the color differences existing between the batch and standard at multi-angles are determined using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer. These values plus the batch weight are then relayed to the'computer. The computer operator enters these data plus the computer input card containing the vector data into the computer.- The identity and amount. of the colorants required in the color addition that must be added to the batch in order to obtain a theoretically perfect match is then calculated. The addition is expressed in amounts of colorant to be added to the batch. Ideally, for nonmetallic colors, up to three colorants may be required, for metallic colors up to four colorants may be necessary. Utilizing color tolerance data, the computer operator can, if requested, determine the color addition required to adjust the batch to a'point just within the tolerance zone. This can substantially affect the size of the addition that must be added to the batch and/or can reduce the number of colorants required to achieve an in-tolerance match.
UTILITY skilled in the art of visual shading.
It should also be noted that this system can be used to adjust any physical property which can be mathematically expressed, e.g., gloss, hiding, etc. and predict adjustments to the batch accordingly.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following example illustrate the various aspects of the invention in greater detail. However, it should be recognized that it is only illustrative. Variations from what is disclosed will undoubtedly occur to those skilled in the art, but will nevertheless be embraced by the inventive concept of the invention. All parts unless otherwise indicated are by weight.
EXAMPLE A batch of metallic gold paint was color standardized in accord with the following:
1. A batch of paint was prepared which would be the color standard to which subsequent batches would be shaded.
2.Paints were prepared for each of the pigments contained in the paint of (1), each paint containing only one pigment and a set amount of aluminum flake. These paints were prepared at two different pigment/aluminum ratios along with a sprayout of an aluminum paint and a single pigment paint.
3. The paints of (2) were sprayed on test panels under controlled environmental conditions and K, S valves calculated at 31 points across the visible spectrum (at 10 nanometer intervals from 400 to 700 nanometers) on a Bausch and Lomb 505 spectrophotometer modified to allow multi-angular determinations. This procedure. was performed at two angles -45 incident with 0 viewing angle and 25 incident with viewing angle measured from the normal to the panel.
4. Vector data were calculated for the standard paint from the K, S values using the Duncan and Kubelka- Munk equations.
Vector data for standard metallic goldpaint Colorant Conc. AL, Au, Abp AL Aa,, Ab
Hydrouslron Oxide 2.00 0.80 +0.56+l.17 0.36 +0.40 +0.65
Ferrite Yellow l.00 l.46 0.09i-2.l9 +l.5l -0.47 +2.58
Med. Coarse Aluminum 5.00 +2.95 l.432.59 +1.06 O.97 -l.53 White 0.25 l.22 0.050.34 +2.28 +0.63 +0.67 Back 0.75 2.28 0.86l.45 l.74-0.98 l.44 Orange 0.50 0.74 +l.72+0.ll 0.32 +l.00 +0.26
The above data are for the aforementioned dual angle positions- F (representing flat or 45, 0) and H (representing high or 25, 70). 7
The above vector data were punched onto a computer input card for shading reference.
5.,A subsequent batch of metallic gold paint was prepared. In order to color shade this according to the constants already derived, a test panel was sprayed with the non-standardized paint using the same spray technique which was used to spray the standard paint. Readings were made on this test panel at the same angles- 45 incident with 0 viewing angle and 25 incident with 70 viewing angle using a Colormaster colorimeter adapted to allow for multiangular measurements.
The color differences between the test panel and the standard were as follows:
AL,- +2.76 AL -l .03 Aa,-= 2.43 Aa,,=l.89 Ab,-=I.24 Ab,,=-I.32
6. The aforementioned color differences were fed into a programmed analog computer available from Electronics Associates along with the computer input card containing the vector data for the standard. The calculated color addition required for a 5,000-gram batch was:
The theoretical color differences, as predicted by the computer, afterthe above addition were:
1. An apparatus for instrumentally shading colors according to a standard color in the manufacture of paints containing light reflecting particles comprising A. means for determining color constants (vector data) by use of spectral curves at multi angles on a test panel coated with a standard paint;
B. means for determining differences at multi angles between the standard paint and a non-standard paint by use of tristimulus values; and,
C. means for correlating differences of (B) with the color constants of (A) and calculating proper amounts of specific pigments which should be added to the non-standard paint to obtain a color match.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein A. the means for determining color constants (vector data) by use of spectral curves on a test panel coated with a standard paint is a spectrophotometer modified in order that multi-angular measurements can be made;
B. the means for determining color differences between the stand and a non-standard paint by use of tristimulus values is a colorimeter modified in order that multi-angular measurements can be made; and,
C. the means for correlating the differences of (B) with the color constants of (A) and calculating proper amounts of specific pigments which should be added to the non-standard paint to obtain a color match is a computer specially programmed to resolve the equations:
"AL NC ALF NC AL NCpaALpa NC AL -Aa NC AG NC AC NC Aap NC A m Abp NfpgAb NC Ab NCpaA bps i NC A Aa NC AQ NC AC i NC Aa HN IIN N mv mv where F and H represents two different angles.
3. A method of instrumentally color shading paints containing light reflecting metal flakes comprising A. deriving color constants (vector data) for a test panel coated with standard paint by multiangular spectrophotometric determinations;
B. determining differences between the test panel and a panel similarly coated with paint from a batch which is to be shaded by obtaining tristimulus values using a colorimeter at the same angles as the aforementioned spectrophotometric determinations; and C. correlating the aforementioned differences and color constants and calculating amounts of specific pigment which should be added to the non-standardized batch to produce a color match with the standard paint.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the standard and non-standard paints contain metallics and the color constants (vector data) for the standard paint are determined by multi-angular spectrophotometric measurements on panels coated individually with each pigment contained in the standard paint and a panel coated with only metal flake.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the multi-angular measurements are limited to two angles which differ from each other by from 60 to 80, said same angles being used for measurement by the spectrophotometer and colorimeter.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein a computer is used for correlating differences between the standard and non-standard paint and calculating amounts of pigment to be added to obtain a color match, said computer programmed to handle the equations:
AL Ncp ALp NCpgALpz 'i" NCpaALpg NC AL 40 Aap= NC Aa NCpgACm NcpaAapa NC A Abp= NCpzAbp NcpzAhpg NCp Ab 3 NC A FN "AL NC AL NCHZALHz NC AL HN HN Aa NC nAG NC AC NC 3Aa NC AG Ab =NC Ab +NCH2AbH2+NCH3AbH3+ i NCH Ab where F and H represent two different angles.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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The yen plummeted and then rocketed higher after a massive earthquake and tsunami struck Japan early this morning, and traders expect plenty of choppiness as the day unfolds.
The biggest earthquake on record to hit Japan in 140 years sent stock markets across the globe sharply lower, while the yen and oil prices also fell.
Friday's massive earthquake is yet another challenge to Japan's recovery but it may provide a jolt to the economy over the short term, Lawrence Summers, president emeritus of Harvard University and former director of the White House National Economic Council, told CNBC.
The 8.9 magnitude earthquake that hit Japan Friday will likely dent investor confidence in the short term, but is unlikely to derail the global economic recovery, analysts told CNBC.
Poll: Have The Recent Disasters Put You Off Travelling to Australia?


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13 of 16 Items
Collection of Photographs of New York streets, showing work on subway in the vicinity of Elm St. Dec 20-21, 1900
Broome Street (New York, N.Y.)
Construction -- New York (State) -- New York -- 1900-1909
Construction equipment -- New York (State) -- New York
Geo. P. Hall & Son
New York (N.Y.) -- 1900-1909
New York (N.Y.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.
Streets -- New York (State) -- New York -- 1900-1909
Stephen A. Schwarzman Building / Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy
All Any
Image ID: 2040894
[Elm Street, View from Southwest Corner of Broome and Elm Streets]
(December 20, 1900)
Permalink (click to copy):
Embed this image (click code)


text:
Turn Sublime Text into a Task Manager with the PlainTasks Plugin
Productivity Sauce
While Sublime Text is a powerful text editing tool, you can put it to other practical uses through third-party plugins. Take, for example, the PlainTasks plugin. It turns Sublime Text into a simple yet flexible task manager. The plugin uses a plain text file for storing tasks, so you can easily synchronize it across multiple machines and open it in any other text editor.
The easiest way to deploy PlainTasks is to use the Sublime Package Control tool (see the Installation page for instructions on how to install Sublime Package Control). In Sublime Text, choose Preferences | Package Control, select then the Install Package command, type PlainTasks to locate and install the package. To create a new task file, press Ctrl+Shift+P to evoke the command palette, type task, and select the Task: New document command. All actions in PlainTasks are performed using keyboard shortcuts. The Ctrl+Enter or Ctrl+I shortcut can be used to create tasks, while the Ctrl+Shift+A shortcut lets you mark the currently selected task as completed. You can group tasks into projects as well as assign tags to individual tasks. In short, if you already use Sublime Text as your preferred text editing tool and you would like to use it for managing tasks, PlainTasks is right up your alley.comments powered by Disqus
Issue 170/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
TOR Network Isn't So Anonymous
A new study says it is possible to unmask 81% of TOR users.
.NET Goes Open Source
Redmond joins the revolution by turning the .NET Core Runtime into a GitHub project.
Drupal Advisory Unleashes a Torrent of Attacks
Users only had 7 hours to update before the intrusions started.
HTML5 Gets Promoted to a Standard
It's official: The new web arrives
Linus Addresses Criticism for Harsh Language
Kernel king admits his tone has alienated volunteers, but says the demands of the process require directness.
New SSL Attack Lets a Malicious Listener Steal Session Cookies
New flaw in an old encryption scheme leaves the experts scrambling to disable SSL 3
Leading Open Source Coder Rants about Rants
Lennart Poettering wants to change the way Linux developers talk to each other.
HP Splits into Two Companies
Enterprise giant frees itself from ink and home PCs (and visa versa).
Mozilla Labs Shuts Down
Mozilla's product think tank sinks silently into history.
Internet Giants Launch Collaboration to Improve Open Source
TODO group will focus on open source tools in large-scale environments.


text:
A t-shirt design for all you trail runners that enjoy a good run through the dirt more than keeping your toenails.
This great custom product in red from our department Women and Hoodie category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design Trail Running Who Needs Toenails was created by EnduranceJunkies.com and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a Hoodie. Next to a host of other great customized designs, you can find this Trail Running Who Needs Toenails design in Spreadshirt's Miscellaneous category. If you are interested in topics like Athlete or Humor, then you'll love Trail Running Who Needs Toenails designs by EnduranceJunkies.com. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of custom t-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category Miscellaneous as well as top Jog clothing. EnduranceJunkies.com's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your destination for great designs of all kinds – whether it's Athlete, Humor or Jog. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing custom Miscellaneous t-shirts, hoodies, or accessories for you to find! Tags: Design ID: 11234817
EnduranceJunkies.com offers free online training logs for athletes of all levels. We also feature unique designs for t-shirts and other apparel. Browse our shirts or create your own using our designs today!
triathlon, running, endurance sports, cycling, swimming
Freddy Fazbear's Pizza Designed by Katsuhicon
Ash Flying Seagul T-Shirts Designed by jobby
Dill with it T-Shirts Designed by eat
Elf Costume T-Shirts Designed by flavored
Winner Winner Chicken Dinner T-Shirts Designed by THATSHIRTCRAY
Damn Gina Men's T-Shirt Designed by rouzdesign
White Shark T-Shirts (Short sleeve) Designed by BreakingBizzar
This lightweight hooded sweatshirt for women is perfect for any season! The plush pullover has a classic kangaroo front pocket and is pre-shrunk and laundered. The fabric is made from 50% cotton and 50% polyester and has a fabric weight of 8.0 oz. *Item runs big, is recommended to order a size down*
still to fill


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LITTLE ROCK — A Garland County art instructor has been selected to paint the official gubernatorial portrait of outgoing Gov. Mike Beebe — the first time in 35 years that a new artist will produce the formal portrait.
Beebe said he and his wife, Ginger, chose Ovita Goolsby to paint the farewell portrait. The previous five portraits have been done by artist Nancy Harris, an Arkansas native who now lives in Williamsburg, Virginia.
A woman was arrested after she allegedly stabbed a man with a screwdriver Friday on Silicia Heights.
Alicia Carroll, 20, of Benton has been charged with first-degree battery in connection with the incident.
The victim, Richard Wimberley, 35, told Benton police that Carroll and William Taylor, 37, drove up to the Silica Heights location. Taylor reportedly was driving the vehicle.
The victim said he tried to confront the couple, but Carroll was yelling at him. Once the couple exited the vehicle, they both had screwdrivers in their hands and Carroll stabbed the man twice, he said.
A group campaigning to raise Arkansas' minimum wage turned in more than 77,000 signatures to the Secretary of State's Office on Monday in an effort to place the issue on the November 2014 General Election ballot.
Give Arkansas a Raise Now submitted its petition and reported turning in 77,288 signatures. Placing the issue on the ballot requires signatures from 62,507 registered voters.
Monday was the deadline to submit petitions for initiatives.


text:
Find the coin combinations that add up to a dollar.
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Learn about the technique of finding permutations in a simple and fast manner. It also provides the source code for the same.
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Learn about a simple algorithm to find combinations systematically using C++.
Latest Developer VideosMore...
Latest CodeGuru Developer Columns
MFC Integration with the Windows Transactional File System (TxF)
The Transactional File System (TxF), which allows access to an NTFS file system to be conducted in a transacted manner through extensions to the Windows SDK API. MFC 10, has been extended to support TxF and related technologies. This support allows existing MFC applications to be easily extended to support kernel transactions.
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text:
Hi guys,
This hand has been bugging me. Firstly, because I got stacked, but secondly I think I just played it horribly.
And for you Kevii! Unless we're in a pot together that is!
May the odds be ever in your favor!
Doesn't seem like 5 years since I first joined PokerZion. How time flies...
In the meantime: I've let my membership lax, got married, bought
Not sure about the re-raising on the turn if you check and he bets. I guess it would force him to define his hand, that is if he jams on you then you


text:
I always order from here. Great prices and amazing selection! The only downside is long shipping times (if choosing free shipping with a heavy...Read More ->
Jeff & crew, just want to let you know how much I appreciate your continuing efforts to provide the best service possible by giving your
website a...Read More ->


text:
Moe Green - Window Seat
Artist: Moe Green
Featuring: Erk Tha Jerk
Producer: Fly Commons
Album: Lionheart II
Avg Rating: 2.5 ( 4 votes )
Contrary to popular belief, Dallas songstress Erykah Badu isn't the only one who can get a Window Seat. Vallejo, California emcee Moe Green has also released a record titled Window Seat, but rather than look for solace in the air he sticks to the ground and in doing so surrounds himself with a bevy of lovely ladies on the record's J.Sutherland-directed visuals. From hippies to Latin girls, Green rattles down the types of women he's had the pleasure of encountering and does so with the help of fellow spitter Erk Tha Jerk. Together the duo go on to take "hearts no evidence" with the backing of Fly Commons' bass-driven production. Although release date details remain scarce, you can find Window Seat on Green's forthcoming Lionheart II album.
Moe GreenErk Tha Jerk Downloads
Written by Danielle H. on 09/26/12
Submit your Rating
Interdependent Media
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Hollywood" (2011)
Total DJ Booth Features:
8 Songs
You Might Like...
Commentsblog comments powered by Disqus
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text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3037326832482088445.post3540248576756777676..comments2014-11-19T21:35:56.753-05:00Comments on Massachusetts and More Genealogy Blog: Surname Saturday: William Chase family of Cape CodChrishttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3037326832482088445.post-83904895827486849742014-10-11T15:04:27.893-04:002014-10-11T15:04:27.893-04:00Enjoyed your blog. Fairly recently discovered I h...Enjoyed your blog. Fairly recently discovered I had ancestors in the Barnstable area: James Matthews (no relation to Marmaduke) who lived on the west side of Follin Pond, near Matthews Pond, and Edward Sturgis.
I am also descended from Howland and Tilley of the Mayflower. Do you know where I can locate a photo online of Matthews Pond? email@example.com By Bearshttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3037326832482088445.post-23872949484064638162014-08-24T11:06:38.204-04:002014-08-24T11:06:38.204-04:00I am a descendent of William Chase. Thank you so ...I am a descendent of William Chase. Thank you so much for compiling this. Where can I see a copy of Wm. Chase's will? What does it mean that "he came with the first company"? Is that different than the Mayflower Company?
Thank you, Pat Chase. email@example.com email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3037326832482088445.post-14624300903942009692014-04-05T08:59:19.818-04:002014-04-05T08:59:19.818-04:00I don't have a connection. How nice of you to ...I don't have a connection. How nice of you to try to find family, though! ChrisChrishttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3037326832482088445.post-86537656232577241222014-04-04T23:20:15.055-04:002014-04-04T23:20:15.055-04:00A very large, beautiful, oil painting of Adelaide ...A very large, beautiful, oil painting of Adelaide Cole Chase has been donated to a Southern California hospice thrift store. It would be a shame to have it leave the Chase firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-3037326832482088445.post-1948834841808954562014-04-04T23:07:23.329-04:002014-04-04T23:07:23.329-04:00Do you have a connection with Adelaide Cole chase ...Do you have a connection with Adelaide Cole chase of Massachusetts.
Patti email@example.com


text:
I too had a very bad experience with Dell. My brand new laptop died within couple of months of purchasing it. Dell reps were not at all helpful. Each time I called I was put on hold for 40-60 minutes, and was bounced from one department to another. BTW, my calls were answered by reps here in the US. I sent it to their repair center but my machine was returned to me without being fixed.
Finally, Dell replaced my laptop with a refurbished machine, much cheaper than what I had paid for my original machine. It was a very frustrating, and I or my family swore off Dell. I am happy with my lenovo thinkpad.


text:
LLI Cincinnati students collected over 1,200 books and donated them to Children's Hospital, Ronald McDonald Hous
The University of Cincinnati College of Law serves as one of eight sites for the statewide Law and Leadership Institute. Students enroll as rising ninth graders and continue in the program until they graduate from high school. The students attend a summer program and an academic year program.
Click on the host name on the right of this page for additional news and information.
Site Administrator
Diane Cross
Public Sector Coordinator & Counselor
University of Cincinnati College of Law


text:
For new questions please post at magento.stackexchange.com, the community-run support site for the Magento community. We will be providing updates on the new forum solution soon. For questions or concerns please email email@example.com.
I've recently run into a problem with the "Manage attributes" section of the Admin area.
Adding a new attribute adds the attribute successfully to the database in the eva_attribute table:
attribute_id entity_type_id attribute_code attribute_model backend_model backend_type backend_table frontend_model frontend_input frontend_label frontend_class source_model is_required is_user_defined default_value is_unique note969 10 timeframe NULL NULL int NULL NULL select Manufacturing Time NULL eav/entity_attribute_source_table 0 1 140 0
However, a related record is not added to the catalog_eav_attribute table… which causes the attribute not to show up in the Manage Attributes or any other Attribute area. Adding one manually fixes this problem.
I've checked the error logs but I'm seeing no SQL or system errors, so perhaps the script still thinks it's inserting them correctly? I've tried disabling all extensions and still having the problem.
Any help would be great here!
This was actually a symptom of a bigger bug. Fix is here: http://www.magentocommerce.com/boards/viewthread/176130/
We'd like to hear from you! Call us, send us an email or talk to sales.
See Magento in the news, find press releases and resources for media.
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text:
Savage Bro
Senior Member
Hello League Community!
We are a group of friends who have been playing since Beta. We know and understand the game very well, including each others play styles. We are a tight knit group looking to expand and improve in ranked play. ELO is not a requirement as we all understand that it isn't easy to climb the ladders in Solo Q. We are looking for 2 players that already have synergy with each other and want to improve along with us. We are a relaxed group who want to play seriously and competitively. We want to help one another out and give each other constructive criticism.
We have our Mid, Support, and ADC players already picked out. We are only looking for a competent Jungler and Top.
We are looking for a Top player that has a good sized champion pool and 3 champs that he excels with in AD, and another 3 champs he is excels with that are AP.
As for our Jungler, we are looking for someone who plays champions with great initiate potential. Tanky Supportive jungles like Sejuani, Naut, and Maokai, just to name a few. Jungler must understand timings of all camps and objectives (Baron/Dragon).
We are an aggressive group and are objective based in our decisions during play. We don't like to give our team much chance to farm up and make any sort of come back so that must be a mentality of yours as well.
We are all on often (If not every day) and wish to play with two others who are willing to dedicate that time in playing with us in Normals, Skrims, and Ranked play.
Message me in game or in this thread and we'll get to you!
Speak No Evil
I'm in just message me in game.
ThEscape Artist
message me in game. im interested in joining as jungler/top
My friend of 15 years and I are interested. Online now. Msg me
Im interested in joining as jungler. I main Skarner but can do Nautilus and Udyr as well.
Firestarter Xy
Junior Member
I can admit I'm not the greatest player you'll ever meet, but I'm willing to put my name down.
My best roles are the 3 solo roles in the order of: Mid - Top - Jungle
IGN: Firestarter Xy - Should probably add that
1450 elo IGN: Optismo, i will be willing to try with you guys.
Add me, ill adc for you.
© 2014 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


text:
Penney Adams
Assignment #69: Rule of Thirds
The Expressive Portrait
One World In Focus
Assignment #70: Midday
All About Light
4th Annual Nature's Colors
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Most Recent Gallery Comments
Get 11 Issues of Outdoor Photographer for only $14.97!
That's 77% off the cover price!


text:
? for working moms
Find a Conversation
|Mon, 03-03-2008 - 11:08am
My son is six months old, and I have been back to work full time for four weeks.
I became upset over the weekend when two people (who are very close to me) made comments such as: "it seems like it would be so much easier to drop your kids off at daycare and work full time than to stay home", and even worse, "it's clearly easier to work and have someone else raise your kids than stay home". Both were stated by mothers who have never been in the position of working full-time with children. I disagree thoroughly with both comments (my life is certainly NOT easier now that I'm back to work!)
So... without stiring up the hornet's nest that is the "mommy war"... I am curious, how can I respond to statements like this? Should I respond, or just let it go? How long does it take to get over hearing hurtful things like this?
Any thoughts are appreciated!
|Wed, 03-05-2008 - 5:21pm
|Wed, 03-05-2008 - 11:17pm
Then there is the flip side. The mom who has the "my kid beat up the Student of the Month" bumper sticker on her car. That's the mom I want to be friends with.
|Thu, 03-06-2008 - 1:45am
|Thu, 03-06-2008 - 6:20am
Yes and in the commercials they state that the soccer moms have given up their dreams to "raise their families".
|Thu, 03-06-2008 - 7:13am


text:
Cars > wangliying's Garage
About wangliying's Garage
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I'm happy with so many new hot items, good price, and easy access from overseas such as Korea where I'm am living. Thanx for good service MJM! I'll...Read More ->
Just wanted to say they matched the competitors price straight away when I told them about the competitor's cheaper price. Also, my international...Read More ->


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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
Posted October 16, 2011
A very well paced romantic thriller that starts off fast and doesn't let up. Miller introduces us to a couple of new characters, Alex and Mitch, who can't help but have sparks between them despite the harrowing events surrounding them. There is action and adventure aplenty with some serious romantic elements thrown in to the degree most writers of the action genre seem afraid to delve into. Not only has Miller dared to go there, but has done so tastefully without overdoing it. I think this could be the beginning of a great series so let's see some more of Alex and Mitch.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted October 17, 2011
Doctor Alex Langley is a tough (on the outside) archaeologist, her estranged father the esteemed Doctor Franklin Langley. When it comes to men, she has serious trust issues. Enter Mitch Hasslet, a digs photographer foisted on her by the Museum of Art and Antiquities, who has his own agenda. Adventure, romance, mystery, thrills, twists. Jungle of Deceit has them all. The sultry Guatemalan jungle complete with mosquitoes (made me itch) is more than simply a backdrop - it's integral to the story and a character in its own right. Deceit is all around. Miller's fluid and easy writing style makes for a fast, page-turning read. Engaging and entertaining. Highly recommended.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted October 15, 2011
Jungle of Deceit is an unputdownable adventure of a smart, beautiful archeologist, her crew of young graduate students, a photographer and some truly bad guys in the Guatamalan jungle. There are surprises in the plot that were totally realistic yet unguessed by me, and a believeable romantic involvement that develops between the lead "actors." I say actors because reading this novel was like watching a movie unfold right before my eyes. The scenes are described so that I didn't realize the descriptions were there, what I mean is the story flowed without the obvious "ok, now for the description of the jungle at this juncture" moments. I never felt the urge to skip over any paragraphs to get to the next interesting part -- there were truly no slow or boring sections, and yet the jungle and the caverns and the temples and the characters became real to me, that's a sign of good writing. The relationship between Mitch and Alex (Alexandra) is real and believable and enjoyable to watch develop. Romance and adventure and mystery and action, whew, I read this novel in 2 days, and when the battery in my NookColor needed charging, I finished reading on my laptop. It's that good.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted May 18, 2014
Great story, it really kept my interest I love a romance mixed with a bit of danger and suspense, and Mitch's humor at just the right time was refreshing. Alex was likable but just barely, I think she needed to loosen up a little.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted April 30, 2012
This was my third book from Maureen Miller! As with her other books I enjoy how she takes her hero and heroine on a journey together. They don't meet and instantly fall in love, but they get to know each other through crazy circumstances and that pushes them together. It seems more real and believable to me. Maureen has very descriptive writing that makes you feel as though you are in the story - you can feel the elements, the fear, and the love. I wasn't sure about this book at the beginning - meaning I wasn't sure about the story line as it was different than what I have read in the past, but once I got started I was really hooked and wanted to follow all the paths to the end. I enjoyed Mitch and Alex's interactions and wanted to find out more about Phillip and the compound. There was enough romance throughout the book, too. As with her other books, it is sweet romance that I like - a look here, a kiss there, a touch, a comforting embrace, leading up to tasteful intimate scenes. All of Maureen's books have been fun for me, as they have taken me on a journey I would (hopefully) never be on! Now I just have to pick out which book of hers to read next!Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted February 26, 2012
Dr. Alexandra Langley is a woman trying to get out from under the shadow of her famous archeologist father, Franklin. It seems no matter what she does in the field, his name looms large. When an opportunity comes up to look for lost Mayan artifacts in the jungle of Guatemala, she jumps at the chance to lead her own expedition. She runs her group with an iron hand. She must not show any weakness or vulnerabilities, that is, until photo-journalist Mitch Hasslet joins her team.
Mitch has his own demons to overcome from a past war assignment. When he accepts the assignment from the enigmatic Museum Director, Mr. Nicholson, to track a stolen shipment of Mayan artifacts, he has no idea that he would be joining Alex's team.
Sparks fly between Mitch and Alex and not always in a good way. Ms. Miller does a good job of revealing the back-stories for both of the main characters while weaving an intense and engaging storyline. Searching for Mayan artifacts in the jungle has its own perils especially when the team stumbles into an area known as "No Man's Land." The jungle comes alive with vivid descriptions, almost too vivid. It made me realize that I never want to visit there--the humidity, the mosquitoes and the screeching night sounds are definitely not for me, but it's a sign of excellent writing when you're so immersed in a story that you start to feel itchy right along with the characters.
Jungle fires, lies, deception and a fight for their lives make JUNGLE OF DECEIT a romantic suspense story at its best. This is the second story I've read by Ms. Miller and I have no problem recommending her books highly to fans who want more than a typical romance story.


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|By PlatformPCPS3Xbox 360Wii U3DSPS VitaAndroidiPhoneiPadOther HardwareEditor's Choiceby Author
|By LatestThe best and worst s : May Returns Tales from the Borderlands: Zer0...
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7.5More reviews
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Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham is available now, for nearly every console imaginable, real and otherwise. It's probably available for the Imagination Station 3000, but supplies are limited. The launch trailer above doesn't rea...
|Brittany Vincent
11:00 AM on 10.31.2014
This artist made Final Fantasy's Garuda out of LEGOs
Garuda has been a part of the Final Fantasy series for quite a while, and that tradition continues with Final Fantasy XIV. This form is a bit more human in nature, and instead of aiming for a more wild bird look, Square ...
10:30 AM on 10.14.2014
Claptrap is still stupid even when he's made out of LEGOs
Claptrap was okay in the first Borderlands. He was a cute enough guide and had a funny voice and said a few funny things. Then they crammed him into every subsequent game and now he's a playable character. At this point peop...
7:00 PM on 10.13.2014
Conan O'Brien will give you a clue in LEGO Batman 3
Conan O'Brien, the famed late-night talk show host and self-professed clueless gamer, will be reversing roles of sorts for his part in LEGO Batman 3. Instead of being confounded by videogames, he's going to be playing himsel...
11:30 AM on 09.30.2014
This fan-made LEGO Doom set is amazing
LEGO enthusiast Iain Heath has created a giant rendition of Doom, and it looks pretty damn masterful. He not only has a ton of details like ammo on the ground and dead imps, but he even goes as far as pixelating some of the ...
8:00 AM on 09.10.2014
LEGO Batman 3 will get the first LEGO Season Pass ever
LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham will drop in November, and alongside of it, a season pass. This is the first ever season pass for a LEGO game, and will run you $14.99 for six total add-ons. The pass will launch on ever...
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LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham saves the world on November 11
Smack dab in the middle of the release season for the year's biggest games comes the largest Lego title to date. Warner Bros. sent along word today that LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham will release on November 11&...
6:30 PM on 08.20.2014
Check out these LEGO Minecraft sets
Information on two sets that are a part of LEGO's new Minecraft minifigure scale sets have surfaced. The Cave Set will feature a zombie and spider, a TNT crate, pickaxe, a chest of bread, and Steve. It will center around a c...
11:30 AM on 08.20.2014
Brainiac is the big bad of LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham
Brainiac loves to shrink things and put them on display -- it's what he does. So it's no surprise that the core narrative of LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham is a sinister plot to shrink the Earth. The story will see heroes...
7:00 PM on 08.15.2014
Check out the first stage of Super Mario 64 recreated with LEGOs
Here's the first level of Super Mario 64, Bob-omb Battlefield, recreated in all its glory with LEGO blocks. Brought to us by the ridiculously talented Pepa Quin, it's an impressive testament to what you can create with the li...
4:30 PM on 07.25.2014
Bat-Cow is an udder delight in LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham
Now here's a game that really does feel right at home at Comic-Con. TT Games has a new trailer for LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham prepared for the San Diego convention and, better yet, images featuring LEGO Bat-Cow, Batman of ...
3:00 AM on 07.17.2014
Adam West is still the best Batman and will hopefully prove it in LEGO Batman 3
The official LEGO Batman Twitter account posted an image of a Lego Adam West this week (seen above), which hopefully means we'll see a whole lot more of him in the upcoming LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham. Adam West is also goin...
7:00 PM on 07.15.2014
BioShock Infinite looks good as a LEGO monument
Bank of the Prophet more like Bank of the Profit am I right? Financial institutions always be like "we're going to screw over the people and get rich doing it and pay little consequence," while religious institutions be like ...
7:00 PM on 07.14.2014
Preorder Lego Batman 3 anywhere but Best Buy for a physical reward
Following the abhorrent trend of announcing different preorder bonuses across different retailers is Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, which is shipping with six different doodads depending on where you go. Fortunately, it's not ...
4:15 PM on 06.24.2014
Xbox Live sale: Vanquish, Fable, LEGO, and more
This week, you can nab Vanquish for $7.99, Anarchy Reigns for $4.99, LEGO The Lord of the Rings for $6.99, and LEGO Marvel Super Heroes for $14.99, among other Sega and LEGO deals. These are open to all Xbox 360 players, rega...
10:30 AM on 06.04.2014
The Legend of Zelda LEGO set fails approval
LEGO has a pretty cool website where people can essentially crowdvote on LEGO ideas that they'd like to become a reality. Since all of the licensing deals have to be worked out before it hits the market it's not a 100% foolpr...


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Car-insurance changes hurt city drivers, critics say
An announcement by the state's Commissioner of Insurance this week that she intends to change the way that auto insurance rates are set in Massachusetts has sparked concern among lawmakers and some in the industry who believe that urban drivers will be adversely affected by the change. Read more
Codman activists want police lines redrawn
Neighborhood concerns and confusion over which Boston Police District has jurisdiction in Codman Square have led activists to ask Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis to look at relocating the district boundary between B-3 and C-11. The request, brought before the Commissioner at a community meeting in late May, received an enthusiastic response from the Commissioner at the time, and now appears to be under consideration within the department. Read more
Douglass to open second Peabody Sq. restaurant
Tavolo. It means "table" in Italian, and early next year it will also be the name of a new eatery in Peabody Square. The restaurant, tentatively scheduled for opening in Jan. 2008, will occupy a portion of the first floor of The Carruth Building, a mixed-use development now under construction next to the Ashmont MBTA Station.
True to its name, the cuisine at Tavolo will have an Italian flair with a focus on pizza and pasta dishes. Read more
Council considers eliminating preliminary at-large election
The City Council was scheduled to consider a home rule petition on Wednesday that would eliminate a preliminary at-large City Council election scheduled for this September and allow all nine candidates who have filed the requisite signatures to compete for four seats in the final election in November. Read more
Carney mourns loss of beloved Doctor Carlos Carpena
Dr. Carlos Carpena, who died April 21 at the age of 67, will be remembered by his family, friends, patients, colleagues, and students, as a man of great compassion, expertise, and humility.
He was "caring, truly interested in his patients and their families," said Cornelius P. Bulman, Chief Operating Officer of Caritas Carney Hospital. Bulman had known him since Carpena was a resident at Carney in 1973. Read more
Money push on for Dudley center
The Salvation Army met last week with some of the city's leading business executives in an attempt to gather the necessary money they need before they break the ground on a $105 million community center project on Dudley Street. The proposed Ray and Joan Kroc center to be built on land that has been cleared at the corner of Clifton Street will be the largest facility of its kind in the neighborhood and would transform a currently forlorn stretch of the Dudley corridor. Read more
Dot roots resonate in OFDer's music
In conversation, Bryan McPherson is soft-spoken and understated, even a bit reserved.
Give him a guitar, a mic and a stage - or a few tiles of MBTA platform - and he's a house afire.
The 30 year-old singer-songwriter &endash; whose latest CD project was launched at a release party earlier this month &endash; spends much of his time lighting up the clubs and coffee houses on the other end of the Red Line. McPherson's lyrics, however, capture the street-corner sensibilities of his native neighborhood, which he spotlights in a new song, "O.F.D." Read more
Connolly launches new bid for council
Saying he would be a city councillor committed to "big ideas," John Connolly officially announced his candidacy for council at-large in Dorchester on Tuesday night at Florian Hall. It was the fifth such neighborhood-specific campaign kick-off that he has hosted across Boston to date. Read more
Bayside outlines plans at meeting
Corcoran Jennison Companies hosted the first public meeting for residents last week to discuss plans to redevelop nearly 30 acres of land on Columbia Point into a mixed-use retail and residential project that could represent a $1 billion investment.
The site is currently home to the Bayside Expo Center, a conference facility whose business has been impacted drastically since last summer, when a change in state law allowed the new Boston Convention and Exhibition Center in South Boston to host the regional trade shows that provided Bayside with its most lucrative clients. Read more
Lower Mills residents demand action after assault of longtime resident results in his death
The death earlier this month of a lifelong Lower Mills resident has incensed neighbors there who see a clear connection between the incident and what they say is an increase in intimidating juvenile delinquency. Read more
Food Bank to build new home at South Bay
Jun. 20, 2007
It doesn't look like much now, but for the 83,000 people in the Boston area without a regular source for food, the nearly three-acre gravel lot baking under the summer sun along I-93 is long overdue.
The South Bay site will support the Greater Boston Food Bank's new 110,000 square-foot distribution center, slated for completion in winter 2008-2009, replacing the current warehouse across the street that can no longer accommodate the Commonwealth's growing hunger problem. Read more
Local activist Ralph Browne helped push for Juneteenth recognition
Jun. 20, 2007
It was June 19, 1865 when Union General Gordon Granger went into Galveston, Texas and freed the last of the African-Americans being held illegally as slaves. It had been two years since Abraham Lincoln read the Emancipation Proclamation, and two months since his assassination by John Wilkes Booth. Last Saturday, some 142 years later, Massachusetts became the 25th state in the country to recognize Juneteenth as an official day of celebration, with a big hand from Dorchester resident Ralph F. Browne Jr. Read more
Bulger to join Carney as senior advisor
William M. Bulger, the former president of UMass and the Massachusetts State Senate, will bring his potent rolodex and fundraising prowess to Dorchester this summer, joining Caritas Carney Hospital as a Senior Advisor to the hospital's foundation.
The move, announced Wednesday by hospital president Dr. Daniel H. O'Leary, comes as Carney prepares to move from the control of the Archdiocesan-controlled Caritas Christi Health Care system to a new owner, Ascension Health, a national Catholic chain. Read more
Volunteers create fund to help maintain Dot Park
Jun. 20, 2007
Dorchester Park consists of 26 acres in the heart of the city's largest neighborhood. For many that green space is an oasis, a respite from the thundering concrete of busy roads and the rumbling of trains. Read more
Lonsdale St. recalls the night when a plane dived out of the misty sky
Jun. 20, 2007
"It's now 20 years ago," says Dorothy Byrnes McCormack from her home at 38 Lonsdale Street, "but some nights I hear the faraway sound of an approaching airplane and my mind flinches and brings back the memories. It's funny that way; my husband doesn't hear a thing."
Next door, at No. 34, Kathie Tully sometimes hears the drone of an engine, but generally she pays it scant notice. For her, that night was long ago. Read more
Mother-daughter team from Savin Hill make history at Harvard
Rosemary Dowling, 79, left, and her daughter Rosemary McCarthy both took degrees from Harvard University last week, marking the first time in the university's long history that a mother and daughter graduated on the same day. Photo: Jeffry Pike/Harvard University. Read more
Federated's new chief focusing on education, excellence
The man charged with leading Dorchester's largest non-profit social service provider into a new era of stability and growth has a Masters degree in business from Yale, served in the Peace Corps in Thailand and spent a good chunk of his childhood in India. Read more
New flagpole ready for Edward Everett Square
Jun. 13, 2007
Thursday may be Flag Day, but it is on Friday that the flag will fly again over Edward Everett Square.
Stricken down last summer in the middle of a violent thunderstorm, the old wooden flag pole has been teetering precariously for almost a full year. But on June 15 it will be taken down and replaced with a brand new 100-foot tall fiberglass pole, just in time for the unveiling of other square improvements. And in case lightening does strike twice, the Department of Conservation and Recreation will place a lighting rod in the middle of the poll to keep it safe. Read more
Community hears city's plans for Fields Corner MBTA station area
Jun. 13, 2007
With construction on the Fields Corner MBTA station nearing completion, city officials took the time Tuesday night in Fields Corner to discuss with the community some newly proposed plans for the streets and areas around the station. The new plans, presented by Dick Hardy of the Boston Transportation Department, pertain to parking and traffic flow problems in the area. Read more
Dunkin' proposal gets cool reception at Pope's Hill
A plan to remodel the Li'l Peach convenience store on Neponset Avenue was met with some resistance from Popes Hill neighbors last week, largely because of a potential facet of that plan to add a Dunkin' Donuts counter and a drive-thru window to the store. Read more
Housing unit will build new Dot Ave. headquarters
The Massachusetts Affordable Housing Alliance is poised to break ground on a brand new classroom and office facility at 1803 Dorchester Avenue, the first time the organization will own its own property since beginning education programs for prospective homebuyers over 20 years ago.
"Our move to Dorchester mirrored our increasing neighborhood focus," said Thomas Callahan, MAHA's executive director, of the move they made to Dorchester from downtown about ten years ago. "A permanent home in Dorchester is really a sign of our commitment to homeownership in the neighborhoods." Read more
Rain can't dampen spirits along Dot Day parade route
Noontime. There is already a mist in the air by the Common Ground restaurant in Lower Mills. This reporter has the pleasure of riding in a shiny, bright blue Mustang convertible with three lovely girls, none other than Little Miss Dorchester 2007, Vany Cardoso, and runners-up Paige McEachern and Kaysea Ruffin. Excited and maybe a little nervous, we all practice waving to the early birds eagerly awaiting the beginning of the Dorchester Day Parade.
Across the street, politicians, war veterans, and police officers chat and tie up loose ends. Read more
Bayside execs envision massive transformation on Columbia Point
A new mix of residential, commercial and open space would replace the box-shaped confines of Bayside Expo Center under a conceptual plan discussed today by executives from Corcoran Jennison Companies, owners of the waterfront land in Columbia Point.
Corcoran Jennison Companies has unveiled a concept to completely redevelop 21.5 acres of property on Columbia Point as a mixed use residential and retail destination at a cost that could approach $1 billion. Read more
Mattapan connection sought for Greenway
May. 29, 2007
A key, unfinished segment of the planned Neponset River Greenway system must run between the current terminus of the bike trail at Central Avenue in Milton and Mattapan Square. While a master plan for phase two of the Greenway system, released last year by the Department of Conservation and Recreation, gives a good roadmap for how to bring the trail from the Blue Hills to Mattapan Square, the riverfront connection between Central Ave. and the square remains unresolved in the plan.
The key issue, to date: Which side of the river should the trail run down? Read more
Lena Park program helps neighbors prepare for new careers
May. 29, 2007
In a program designed to give second chances, Lena Park Community Development Corporation's Training, Education and Job Advancement Center (TedJac) has changed many lives. TedJac was created for the people who, for some reason or other, were not able to obtain a degree previously.
Over the past year there have been 23 graduates, ages varying from 21 to 66, with a 100 percent success rate of employment. On May 24, fifteen men and women graduated from the Construction and Property Management course in a ceremony held at Lena Park's headquarters on American Legion Highway. Read more


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June 27, 2012
Tony Hall, publisher of the Lake George Mirror, is slated as the keynote speaker for the Lake George Land Conservancy's annual meeting Friday, July 13, set for 1 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. at the Lake George Club off Rte. 9N. Hall is to talk on the topic "Urban displacement and the future of the Conservancy."
Tony grew up in Warrensburg but finished high school in Brooklyn, having studying with Beat poet Gregory Corso on an island in the Aegean and crewing on a schooner in Hawaii. After graduating from Sarah Lawrence College, he traveled through Greece and Turkey studying Byzantine art and archaeology and then returned to New York, where he worked at Lehman Brothers before beginning another attempt at an education, this time in government and political philosophy at Harvard and the University of Toronto. Determined to live in the Adirondacks, he took a job as an aide to legendary state senator Ron Stafford. In 1998, he and his wife Lisa acquired the Lake George Mirror, which was once owned by his father, Rob Hall. Tony and Lisa Hall live in Bolton Landing.
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Publisher Tony Hall to speak on Lake George issues
Writer, adventurer, publisher Tony Hall is to speak on lake watershed development issues at the Lake George Land Conservancy's annual meeting Friday Feb. 13.
L.G. Conservancy's annual meeting to feature publisher
Lake George Mirror publisher Tony Hall has experienced an adventurous, eventful life, whether it was studying with Beat poet Gregory Corso on an island in the Aegean, crewing on a schooner in Hawaii, traveling through Greece and Turkey studying Byzantine art and archaeology, working for Lehman Brothers, studying at Harvard, or working for the legendary NY State Senator Ron Stafford. Those attending the Lake George Land Conservancy's annual meeting July 13 at the Lake George Club are likely to get a glimpse into his life as he talks about urban displacement and the future of Lake George
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CAPE CORAL, Fla. - 14 CiCi's Pizza locations have teamed up with local law enforcement to help raise funds for Special Olympics Florida in an event with a fitting name.
For just $1 you can buy a Special Olympics logo and paste it on a police car, with the goal being to not only raise money but "Cover the Cruiser." CiCi's Pizza will also donate 10% of their Thursday sales to Special Olympics Florida.
"Special Olympics provides people with intellectual disabilities the opportunity to showcase their capacity to develop skills that have value beyond training and competing in sports," said Special Olympics Florida President and CEO Sherry Wheelock. "By partnering with forward-thinking organizations like CiCi's Pizza, we are able to transform lives and build inclusive communities of dignity and respect across Florida."
Participating CiCi's Pizza restaurants are in Tampa, Jacksonville, Kissimmee, Orange Park, Kenneth City, Lakeland, Greenacres, Port Charlotte, Cape Coral, Deerfield Beach, Brooksville and Ocoee.
The Cape Coral Police Department and CiCi's Pizza in Cape Coral kicked off "Cover the Cruiser," early Thursday morning on WINK News This Morning. You can stop by your local CiCi's and participate from 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m.
To learn more about Special Olympics Florida visit: www.specialolympicsflorida.org


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A striking group of Dublin kids suspend their gritty fates by forming a band to play good old American R&B. They quit feuding just long enough to try a little tenderness and bring the house down.
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updated 12/30/1991 AT 01:00 AM EST
•originally published 12/30/1991 AT 01:00 AM EST


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Mack the Knife
By Jack Bullock
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Mack the Knife arranged by Jack Bullock. Concert Band. Concert Band; Masterworks; Part(s); Score. Pop Young Band. Masterwork Arrangement; Pop. Grade 2. 122 pages. Published by Alfred Music (AP.32503).
From Kurt Weill's "Three Penny Opera," Jack Bullock has arranged the revered theme composed for the character Macheath, the swashbuckling thief nicknamed Mack the Knife. Charming!
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Mack the Knife
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The Political Poet
Poet shares political views, current events and informative poetry information for students.
Tuesday, November 4, 2014
GO VOTE! I don't care if you are a Republican, Democrat or an Independant. GO VOTE!
Thursday, October 16, 2014
Check out my latest radio interview
For those of you who missed it, you can still catch my latest radio interview on podcast at the link below.
My latest radio interview.
My latest radio interview.
Monday, September 29, 2014
Growing Tensions in Hong Kong Bigger Threat to the World Than ISIS
As police defend their rough handling of protesters, the growing tensions in Hong Kong pose a bigger threat to the United States and the world than ISIS. I keep pointing this out. Our government and everyone else in the world should be paying close attention to China. If the Chinese don't resolve this growing conflict between communism versus democracy, it could seriously impact the United States and the world economically having a crippling effect not only causing shortages considering the amount of products produced in China, but currency because China is on of the biggest lenders. Nations need to prepare themselves for the worst. Peking promised Hong Kong autonomy when the city state returned to China from the United Kingdom. Now, the ruling communist party wants to reel the Hong Kong political leaders in by offering the people only communist party members as choices during the election with no primaries. Considering the communist Chinese history of military action against dissidents within Chinese and neighboring countries on which the wish to impose their will, the world needs to decide what if any plan of action it will take when Peking attacks Hong Kong with military force.
Wednesday, September 10, 2014
A Poem Years in the Making by a Very Talented Poet Please Share
The Woeful September
Here at Ground Zero,
my soul could hear
the fear-sired cries
of the maimed and martyrized.
Here at Ground Zero,
wrathful phrases—
alien as battlefields
before my being became a being—
exploded off my tongue,
and this wrathfulness—
deadlier than a butcher's cleaver—
lacerated away love with hate.
Here at Ground Zero,
I lamented
the twin metal-constructed mountains.
I filled urns with tears for each stranger
who was assassinated
by Lucifer-conceived hijackers.
Here at Ground Zero,
the police, firefighters, paramedics
and construction workers,
Archangel-Michael-comparable heroes,
were trying to sever
tragedy's girders
on the buried masses.
Here at Ground Zero,
I realized,
despite the bereavement-filled rubble,
the brave made the vanquish
of numerous natives
and visitors appear victorious.
Here at Ground Zero,
our rescuers declared
why zealotry-impelled cells
could not defeat a need for
"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness."
Here at Ground Zero,
I saw respect remove a woeful wound.
by Bob McNeil
Copyright 2014
Thursday, July 24, 2014
Arab Spring or Arab Joke?
As a concerned American watching more and more depressing news reports from the Middle East, I was taken aback when I recently came across some anti-American propaganda.
The Middle East needs to wake up not America. I was happy when I saw the Arab Spring taking place thinking good for the oppressed finally throwing off the yokes of tyranny, but now you're standing around waiting for someone else to put everything together for you and pointing fingers of blame at one country half way around the world as to why you cannot rise up to the task of rebuilding your countries and forming governments that are not oppressive in their own right? America didn't get formed overnight by a country on the other side of the planet. We had very little help throwing off our own oppressors, the real imperialists, England, Spain and France to name a few empires from history. We were conquests and territories to be played with like pawns in chess. Once we broke free we didn't have countries lining up to help us. We had predatory creditors lending to us to reap profits off the new country, and when they thought our guard was down they tried to re-establish dominance over us. Yes, we rose to be a player on the world stage, and I don't think that happens if you're asleep; however, my point is look to yourselves not America to be your nations' salvation. From the outside you appear to be asleep, replacing bad governments guilty of torture, theft and murder with worse governments guilty of torture, theft and murder done with religious fervor. America cannot change your intolerance and hatred of others or your philosophy of destruction. You must decide to build instead of destroy, to live instead of die.
Thursday, July 17, 2014
My next radio appearance!
My next radio appearance will be August 15th at 6PM EST on Everything Paranormal with Mark and Jeff. Do you have questions about the afterlife? Bring them and join in.
Tuesday, July 1, 2014
Please share, corporations are not citizens, people, humans, homo sapiens.
Please share, corporations are not citizens, people, humans, homo sapiens. They can not have political beliefs (bad call Supreme Corporation (oops) Court on the Citizens United verdict.) Corporations can not have religious beliefs either another bad call by our life appointed judges to the highest court in the land. Corporations do not have brains ergo they can not think to form beliefs. If these individuals or groups want their rights of religious freedoms then quit trying to have your cake and eat it too. They want the financial protection given to their private fortunes afforded by forming a corporation because it isn't a living breathing entity. People can not seek damages beyond the assets of the corporation thus protecting their individual wealth. Corporations insulate against many taxes and families can transfer the wealth from generation to generation without some of the hangups actual people deal with. The government can fine a corporation, but it can not throw it in jail no matter how criminal (i.e. BP) people can be thrown in prison. YET!!! What these same families want is to pick and chose what laws they follow. They want to be treated as corporations when it benefits them, but they want to circumvent the corporate laws they don't like as individuals. Bull :poop: become unincorporated if you want your personal religious freedoms or political views. What next is our Supreme Court going to give corporations the right to vote? Claim exemption for their children on their tax returns? If the Internal Revenue Code doesn't allow corporations to claim Social Security Tax exemptions for the owner of the corporations' children because corporations can't have children due to not be a living breathing entity then how can the Supreme Court use a different standard for religion and political views. All they did was create a corporate get out of obeying the law card for political reasons. The court which is suppose to be neutral and keep the balance in our government by interpreting our Constitution and Bill of Rights, not the Republican Party or Democratic Party platforms. If you still don't understand how stupid our court ruled then think of this for clarification. If a crazy gunman walks into a McDonald's shooting and a police officer can save a pregnant woman or the cash register, one or the other, the court just told the cop to save the cash register which sadly enough explains everything wrong with our country today. :(
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Local attorney tied to Davis case
Tunica County prosecutor Chuck Graves has been assigned to a case that is drawing attention in a neighboring county.
DeSoto County Circuit Court Judge Robert Chamberlin recently appointed Graves to try a misdemeanor charge against Southaven mayor Greg Davis.
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