text:
Vascular biomaterial structures may be coated with a plasma-induced layer on their surface. Vascular biomaterial structures may include cardiovascular devices such as heart valves, stents, vascular graphs, and the like. Devices coated with a plasma polymerized coating may show reduced amounts of undesirable coagulation of blood at the surface of the device. A reduced amount of thrombosis may be observed for such plasma coated medical devices.
1. A mechanical heart valve comprising:
(a) a carbon-based support structure, and
(b) a plasma polymerized coating adhered to the carbon-based support structure.
2. The valve of
3. The valve of
4. The valve of
5. The valve of
6. The valve of
7. The valve of
8. A vascular biomaterial comprising a stent, wherein the stent comprises a carbon-based support structure and a plasma polymerized coating adhered to the carbon-based support structure.
9. A vascular biomaterial comprising a vascular graft, the graft comprising a carbon-based support structure and a plasma polymerized coating adhered to the carbon-based support structure.
10. A mechanical heart valve comprising:
(a) a carbon-based bileaflet valve body,
(b) a coating adhered to the valve body, the coating comprising a plasma polymerized coating, and
(c) a suture ring positioned on the valve body.
11. The valve of
12. The valve of
13. A method of coating a mechanical heart valve with a polymer using plasma deposition techniques, comprising
(a) providing a monomer,
(b) providing a mechanical heart valve having a metal support structure,
(c) creating a reactive surface upon the metal support structure,
(d) treating the reactive surface of the support structure with plasma, and
(e) polymerizing the monomer to form a plasma polymerized coating upon the metal support structure.
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. The method of
23. The method of
24. A method of coating a vascular biomaterial having a metallic surface, comprising
(a) creating a reactive surface upon a metallic surface of a vascular biomaterial,
(b) exposing the reactive surface to a monomer, and
(c) plasma polymerizing the monomer upon the metallic surface of the vascular biomaterial, thereby forming a coating.
25. The method of
[0001] The invention is directed to vascular biomaterials which include a plasma-induced coating upon their surface. In particular, the invention may be directed to apparatus and methods for increasing biological compatibility of synthetic cardiovascular biomaterial by application of a plasma coating process.
[0002] Thrombosis is a primary method of failure for artificial or mechanical cardiovascular biomaterials, such as heart valves. Thrombosis refers to the undesirable coagulation of blood at or near the surface of such a structure. Current mechanical heart valves have demonstrated improved mechanical properties and durability. However, the constant contact of mechanical heart valves with blood sometimes leads to the formation of blood clots following undesirable thrombosis. Thus, thrombosis and blood clotting is a major concern in mechanical biomaterial design, including particularly heart valve design.
[0003] To prevent thrombosis, it is common to place patients upon long-term anticoagulation therapy. However, such therapy is expensive, and may pose other risks or side effects. Thus, anticoagulation therapy is not an ideal solution.
[0004] Every year, it is estimated that over 150,000 heart valve replacement surgeries are performed, with more than half occurring in the United States alone. When a natural heart valve becomes diseased and is no longer able to function properly, valve replacement therapy may be necessary. The most commonly replaced valves are the aortic and mitral. Success rates for valve replacement surgeries have risen, and surgeons currently are likely to employ replacement as a treatment for damaged natural valves
[0005] What is needed in the industry and in the medical community is an improved biomaterial that is less prone to undesirable thrombosis. Also, a method of constructing a suitable biomaterial which lessens the incidence of undesirable blood clotting would be very desirable. In particular, a mechanical heart valve that reduces the incidence of thrombosis when surgically implanted is needed.
[0006] In one aspect of the invention, a vascular biomaterial is provided comprising a metallic support structure and a plasma polymerized coating which is adhered to the support structure. In some applications, the vascular biomaterial comprises a valve. In other applications, the vascular biomaterial may include a stent, a vascular graft, or another structure adapted for implantation, which could be in contact with blood tissue.
[0007] The support structure in one aspect of the invention may include carbon, such as pyrolytic carbon. In other aspects of the invention, it may be possible to provide a method of coating a vascular biomaterial using plasma deposition techniques. In the method, a monomer is polymerized upon a reactive surface of the support structure, using plasma deposition techniques. The monomer may contain a hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonate, or amine group.
[0008] A full and enabling disclosure of this invention, including the best mode shown to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in this specification. The following Figures illustrate the invention:
[0009]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a typical bileaflet mechanical heart valve;
[0010]FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a typical barrel reactor that may be used to provide a plasma coating;
[0011]FIG. 3 shows plasma reactions causing radical formation on the substrate;
[0012]FIG. 4 illustrates one set of monomer structures that may be employed in coatings as applied in the invention; and
[0013]FIG. 5 shows data comparing the relative thrombogenicity of untreated pyrolitic carbon surfaces and plasma induced surface-modified pyrolytic carbon substrates.
[0014] Reference now will be made to the embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are set forth below. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not as a limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in this invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
[0015] When a heart valve must be replaced with a prosthetic valve, there currently are several options available. The choice of a particular type of prosthesis (i.e., artificial valve) depends on factors such as the location of the valve, the age and other specifics of the patient, and the surgeon's experiences and preferences. Available prostheses include three categories of valves or materials: mechanical valves, tissue valves, and aortic homograft valves.
[0016] Mechanical valves include caged ball valves (such as Starr-Edwards brand valves), bileaflet valves (such as St. Jude type valves), and tilting disk valves (such as Medtronic-Hall or Omniscience valves). Caged ball valves usually are made with a ball made of a silicone rubber inside a titanium cage, while bileaflet and tilting disk valves are made of various combinations of pyrolytic carbon and titanium. All of these valves are attached to a cloth sewing ring so that the valve prosthesis may be sutured to the patient's native tissue to hold the artificial valve in place postoperatively. All of these mechanical valves can be used to replace any of the four heart valves. Valve function may be related to platelet activation, as further discussed below.
[0017] Blood platelets are non-nucleated, disc shaped cells with a diameter of approximately 3-4 μm. The basic function of platelets is to assist in the clotting of blood by forming platelet plugs and catalyzing coagulation reactions leading to the formation of fibrin networks. Platelets are very sensitive cells, and upon activation, their shape becomes more irregular and spread out as the contents of their granules are released into the extracellular matrix. The release of these platelet products stimulates surrounding platelets, causing irreversible platelet aggregation leading to a thrombus formation.
[0018] It has been shown that flow dynamics play an important role in the localization of platelet aggregation on bileaflet mechanical heart valves, initiating thrombus formations. Localized jets, steep velocity gradients, and vortex recirculation have been observed in vitro near leaflet surfaces. In vivo flow patterns promote recirculation of blood toward the pivot points, and leakage through gaps created at the pivot-leaflet junction is believed to be a major factor responsible for platelet damage. As a result, it has been demonstrated that platelet aggregation is concentrated at the leaflet edges and pivot points.
[0019] Modern implantable prosthetic mechanical heart valves are typically formed of an annular valve seat in a relatively rigid valve body and one or more occluding spheres, disks or leaflets that are movable between a closed, seated position in the annular valve seat and an open position in a prescribed range of motion. Such mechanical heart valves may be formed of blood compatible, non-thrombogenic materials. Pyrolytic carbon and titanium may be used, with hinge mechanisms or pivoting guides prescribing the range of motion of the disk or leaflets.
[0020] Typical rotatable suturing rings for asymmetric mechanical valves are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,727,240, 3,763,548, 3,781,969, 3,800,403, 3,835,475, 4,197,593, 5,766,240 and Re. 30,507; and are incorporated by reference. Prosthetic vascular grafts are also known. Examples of vascular prostheses are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,014. Furthermore, grafts or blood vessels prepared from artificial materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,086,665, issued to Poirier on May 2, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,806, issued to Poirier on Oct. 10, 1978; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,670,286, issued to Nyilas et al on Jun. 2, 1987.
[0021] The invention of this application could employ plasma induced surface modification techniques upon vascular grafting materials. Vascular grafts may be prepared from synthetic structures. Grafts are prepared by chemically treating segments of biografts. Examples of these various grafts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,797, issued to Vrandecic Pedero on Jun. 9, 1987 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,466,139, issued to Ketharanathan on Aug. 21, 1984. The invention may be directed to providing a plasma polymerized coating upon a synthetic graft support structure. The invention may include grafting olefinic monomers or polymers upon a metallic support structure of a mechanical heart valve.
[0022] The invention of this application could be applied to stents as well. Stents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,277. Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 4,699,611 (Bowden) is directed to stents which hold arteries, veins, and the like in an open position when inserted.
[0023] Mechanical heart valves made from pyrolytic carbon (PyC) may be used to replace diseased or damaged native valves, as they offer good durability and mechanical strength. Furthermore, other composite or metallic materials could be employed as a support material or support structure in the invention.
[0024] A very successful bileaflet valve employed in the medical community is the St. Jude valve. FIG. 1, as further discussed below, shows the St. Jude valve. In general, the widespread acceptance and relatively large market share of the St. Jude valve has led to a host of competing bileaflet valve designs. Many of these alternative designs represent relatively minor variations on the hinged system of the St. Jude valve. Clearly, the invention could be applied to any artificial biomaterial structure, including for example any artificial valve, as further described herein. Thus, the types of valve described herein are shown as mere examples of the application of the invention, and are not limiting in any way.
[0025] Some of the other valves which could be employed in the practice of the invention include the ATS bileaflet valve, manufactured by ATS, Inc. Furthermore, the Carbomedics valve is a bileaflet tilting disk valve made of pyrolytic carbon. The Carbomedics valve is actively implanted in the United States. The Carbomedics valve is manufactured by Sulzer Carbomedics, Inc. of 1300 East Anderson Lane, Austin, Tex. 78752. Another valve that may be employed is the Edwards Duromedics valve. The Edwards Duromedics valve is a bileaflet valve which may be provided for mitral or aortic concave bileaflet designs. The manufacturer was originally Hemex Scientific, but later was manufactured by Baxter-Edwards, Inc.
[0026] Another valve that may be employed in the practice of the invention is the Medtronic Parallel Valve. The Medtronic Parallel Valve is a bileaflet valve with a pivot mechanism. The pivot allows the leaflets to open to fully parallel, in contrast to the opening of the St. Jude valve leaflets which is only about 85 degrees in most applications. The Medtronic Parallel Valve is manufactured by Medtronic, Inc.
[0027] Another pyrolytic carbon bileaflet valve which may be employed in the practice of the invention is On-X valve. The On-X valve is manufactured by Medical Carbon Research Institute, LLC at 8200 Cameron Road, Suite A-196, Austin, Tex. 78754.
[0028] The St. Jude valve, as previously discussed, is particularly adapted for the practice of this invention because it provides excellent durability, good hemodynamics, and is very common in the United States mechanical valve market. The St. Jude valve is manufactured by St. Jude Medical, Inc., 1 Lillehei Plaza, St. Paul, Minn. 55117. In at least one model, the St. Jude valve comprises support structure of pyrolytic carbon, with a sewing ring of double velour knitted polyester. Furthermore, a master series is available with an attached helical spring and two retainer rings which are rotatable. The St. Jude valve is available in sizes as follows: aortic�19 mm, 25 mm; mitral�25 mm, 33 mm, and perhaps others as well.
[0029] Turning to FIG. 1, a St. Jude bileaflet valve 10 is shown having a valve body 11 or support structure which supports a first leaflet 12 and a second leaflet 13. The first leaflet 12 and the second leaflet 13 are oriented generally parallel to each other across the diameter of the support structure or valve body 11. The first and second leaflets 12-13 are hingedly connected to the valve body 11 so that upon application of force they hinge open to allow maximum blood flow through the valve. In FIG. 1, the bileaflet valve is shown with the first and second leaflets 12-13 in the open position. Furthermore, a suturing ring 14 is shown around the periphery of the support structure. The suturing ring 14 is used to stitch the valve in place during surgical operations.
[0030] One application of the invention provides a nonthrombogenic surface coating for mechanical heart valves by generating a plasma induced polymeric surface treatment. To achieve this goal, it is possible to use almost any known polymer that is capable of polymerizing in a plasma reaction chamber to form a surface coating upon a support structure.
[0031] For example, one particular embodiment of the invention employs two monomers, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid, of different functionalities, to form coatings upon such surfaces.
[0032] Such coatings may be applied to the St. Jude valve, which combines the hemodynamic advancements, a tilting disc design with the enhanced biocompatibility and durability of pyrolytic carbon (�PyC�). With the exception of the suture ring 14, which is made of polyester, the entire St. Jude valve is composed of graphite coated with PyC, prior to receiving a plasma induced outer coating according to the practice of this invention.
[0033] Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) refers to the collection of solid, carbon rich species from the heating of organic gases to temperatures exceeding 1000� C. at which point the hydrocarbon decomposes into elemental carbon, which is then deposited onto a substrate. By manipulating certain variables during this process, multiple structures of PyC can be manufactured with wide ranging applications.
[0034] The mechanical properties of PyC completely depend upon the structure. In comparison to the more familiar structure of graphite, in which the layers are ordered with respect to one another so that the crystal structure is three-dimensional, PyC possesses two-dimensional order. The layers consist of hexagonal planes of carbon, which are primarily held together by strong covalent bonds and van der Waals interactions. However it has been shown that in its strongest form, PyC contains cross-links that form between planes.
[0035] PyC formed at relatively low temperatures (1000-1500� C.), is isotropic, and highly cross-linked. As a result of the high degree of cross-linking between planes, so called Low Temperature Isotropic Pyrolytic Carbon is the strongest and hardest type of PyC with a scratch hardness near that of diamond. It has been shown that PyC deposited at higher temperatures (1900� C. and above) have larger grains visible in their microstructures, and cracks which form in these grains under stress, can ultimately lead to fracture. High temperatures large growth features develop and may act as stress raisers causing failure under low loads.
[0036] The type of reactor plays an important role in determining the structure of PyC. For example, a simple static reactor produces a highly oriented, anisotropic PyC, which is used in rocket nozzles, but not suitable for mechanical heart valves. In order to produce the pyrolytic carbon used in mechanical heart valves, a fluidized bed reactor is necessary. A fluidized bed consists of a large number of small particles, which behave as a liquid when suspended in an upward flowing gas.
[0037] Often referred to as the fourth state of matter, plasma is simply a gas containing a mixture of electrons, ions, radicals, and neutral species. Plasmas can be generated through electron excitation as a result of the application of radio frequency, microwave, or heat energy. Under the right conditions, plasmas can be used to deposit molecules onto surfaces. Plasma may provide a thin coating without altering the bulk properties of the base support material.
[0038] The energy used to initiate the plasma causes the electrons to oscillate, which can heat the electrons sufficiently enough to provide the required ionization. This process is known as breakdown. Following breakdown, the next state is called glow discharge, as light is emitted from the plasma. Most of the energy used in this system is to accelerate electrons and ions through the sheath, the area between the plasma and the substrate (See FIG. 3). The energy from ion and electron bombardment is enough to break chemical bonds on the surface of the substrate, and it is this property of plasma deposition that promotes the creation of highly reactive species. By varying the plasma gases, it is possible to obtain a wide variety of functional groups deposited on the surface of a support structure of a biomaterial.
[0039] One advantage of plasma technology in applying coatings to biomaterials such as heart valves is the ability to produce ultra thin polymer surfaces. Plasma polymerization results in highly cross-linked polymeric surfaces that strongly adhere to the underlying substrate. The underlying substrate is pyrolytic carbon in the case of the St. Jude heart valve. These reactions are very complex and highly system dependent, thus they are governed by many parameters such as the monomer gas used, substrate properties, reaction conditions (power, pressure, flow rate, reaction time), the placement and orientation of the sample within the reaction chamber, and the type of reaction chamber used. Through the variation of these parameters, it is possible to create a wide variety of polymers from a single monomer.
[0040] There are at least two methods in which to plasma polymerize a given surface of a biomaterial support structure. One method is to simply allow a monomer vapor into the reaction chamber and initiate a plasma. This would then lead to the creation and deposition of monomer radicals, which upon reacting with each other, results in a thin polymer layer.
[0041] A second method is to initially create a reactive surface with a non-reactive gas plasma such as oxygen or argon, and then expose this reactive surface to a monomer solution. When a surface is first treated with an oxygen plasma and then exposed to the air, reactive peroxides are generated on the surface, which initiate the polymerization reaction when the material is exposed to the monomer solution. This form of surface modification is known as plasma induced polymerization, in which plasma deposition is initially used to generated a reactive surface that will induce polymerization. Traditionally, planer reactors, which accelerate ions in one direction between charged plates, have been used for plasma deposition, however barrel reactors offer the advantage of deposition without the possibility of etching the substrate.
[0042] A barrel reactor, shown in FIG. 2, inductively couples AC power through coils that surround the reaction chamber. This allows for a smaller sheath, which prevents electron and ionic bombardment that may lead to etching.
[0043] The advantages of plasma polymerization are numerous but are best demonstrated in comparison to conventional surface polymerization. In order to create a polymer coating using conventional processes the following steps would have to be taken: synthesis of the polymer, preparation of the coating solution, process the coating, dry and cure the final product. In plasma polymerization, these steps may be combined, and polymerization usually occurs directly from the monomer. Many coatings are simply not capable of being achieved by conventional means.
[0044] The processing of the polymeric coatings of the invention employs an oxygen plasma to create a reactive surface upon the support structure of the vascular biomaterial that can induce polymerization when in contact with the liquid monomer solution.
[0045] The surface modification was assessed by water droplet contact angle determination, which shows extent of surface hydrophilicity and electron spectroscopy for chemical processes. Both contact angle and ESCA indicated significant changes in the surface characteristics of modified PyC and polystyrene as a result of such polymeric coatings. In both cases, hydrophobic materials were altered to produce highly hydrophilic surfaces with significantly increased surface oxygen content. Polymerized samples demonstrated increases in both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Surface hydrophilicity and oxygen content are both accepted factors for enhanced biocompatibility and endothelial cell growth.
[0046] The results of surface modification demonstrate an increase in the growth of endothelial cells on both PyC and untreated polystyrene substrates, as these surfaces were able to produce confluent cell layers in a shorter time period. Untreated polystyrene samples do not generally promote favorable cell growth, and the increase in endothelialization can most likely be attributed to the presence of oxygen containing functional groups generated by our polymeric coating. The increase of cell growth on PyC substrates points to the creation of a more favorable surface for cell growth, and may correspond to stronger cellular adhesion.
[0047] Mechanical heart valves of PyC were scored and broken into approximately 1 cm2 pieces. Untreated polystyrene samples were obtained from Eagle Scientific, and used as received. All samples were sonicated in ethanol, and then rinsed in distilled water to remove surface contaminants. Following cleaning, samples were then allowed to dry completely in a dust free environment prior to experimentation.
[0048] PyC samples were used as substrates for both platelet and endothelial cell studies. Polystyrene samples were only used in cell studies as a negative control. Since it is a clear substrate that has been often used in previous experiments, the data generated from polystyrene samples allows for a more direct comparison.
[0049] The plasma glow discharge system used primarily consisted of a barrel reactor (see FIG. 2) with a diameter and depth of six inches (source: Extended Plasma Cleaner, Harrick Scientific, Ossining, N.Y.). A vacuum pump with an ultimate pressure of 1 mtorr and a pumping rate of 300 liters/min (Precision Scientific, P300, Winchester, Va.) was attached to the reaction chamber through a liquid nitrogen cold trap to prevent contamination of the reaction chamber. An oxygen gas inlet was connected to the opposite end of the reaction chamber (See FIG. 2). The pressure was monitored by a thermocouple vacuum gauge (Hastings Vacuum Gauge, DV-6).
[0050] Plasma deposition with oxygen gas was used to initiate a graft polymerization with HEMA and acrylic acid (See FIG. 3). Therefore, untreated control samples, oxygen plasma deposited samples, along with HEMA and acrylic acid polymerized samples were each analyzed for differences in chemical composition and hydrophilicity. For the monomer structures employed in this particular Example, see FIG. 4. Numerous other monomers could be employed in the practice of the invention, and the invention is not limited to any particular monomer structure.
[0051] Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) was used to determine the chemical composition of the samples. ESCA uses X-rays to excite the electrons of a material to a point at which they are released. These released electrons strike a detection pad, which measures the kinetic energy of the electrons. The kinetic energy can be used to calculate the binding energy of a particular electron. The binding energy of electrons is specific to the chemical bonds of which they originated, and can be used to distinguish different chemical bonds. With the exception of hydrogen and helium, all other elements can be detected.
[0052] A wide scan analysis was performed to determine all of the elements present, and high resolution scans were used to determine specific functionalities. Specifically, carbon atoms in different functional groups were identified with narrow scans of the C1s region at approximately 285 eV. The take off angle for all the scans was 90 degrees.
[0053] Contact angle measurements were taken using a goniometer for all treated and untreated samples to compare changes in hydrophilicity. By measuring the angle a drop of water makes with a given surface, a determination can be made as to whether a surface is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. The more spread out the drop is, the smaller the contact angle is, and the more hydrophilic the surface is. These measurements were taken with a drop size of 10 μL using the CAM 200 digital contact angle meter (KSV Instruments LTD).
[0054] The reaction chamber was evacuated to 10 mtorr to remove contaminants, particularly moisture. The chamber was then flooded with research grade oxygen gas (99.99%), and evacuated until a constant pressure of 150 mtorr was established, at which point a RF plasma of 30W was applied for ten minutes. Plasma treated PyC samples were then immersed into monomer solutions HEMA and acrylic acid for one hour to allow polymerization of the surface to react to its completion. Polystyrene samples were polymerized in the same manner, however only HEMA was used. The reaction was terminated, and excess monomer was removed by rinsing samples in distilled water. A plasma polymerized coating upon the support structure resulted.
[0055] Platelet activation in response to plasma treated and untreated PyC was compared to reveal results. As expected, untreated PyC samples demonstrated severe platelet activation and aggregation. Also, untreated samples generated �thrombus-like� structures. Acrylic acid polymerized surfaces appeared to have less adherent platelets and thrombus-like structures than the control group. HEMA polymerized surfaces, on the other hand, exhibited a dramatic decrease in platelet adhesion and aggregation. See FIG. 5.
[0056] A comparison of the average number of adherent platelet per given area was made in order to help quantify the relative thrombogenicity of each surface. The calculations revealed no significant difference between the untreated PyC samples and the acrylic acid polymerized surfaces, but a dramatic reduction was observed for HEMA polymerized surfaces. Platelet adhesion was reduced by over 75% when comparing the HEMA plasma polymerized coating to the untreated PyC. FIG. 5 shows these results in graphic form, with the level or degree of adherent platelets per square millimeter shown on the bar graph, where n=5, and alpha=0.05.
[0057] It is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention, which broader aspects are embodied in the exemplary constructions. The invention is shown by example in the appended claims.
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On Monday, an all-star group of speakers gathered at Harvard Law School to consider a phrase first spoken 50 years ago. It was on May 9, 1961 that Newt Minow, then the young head of the Federal Communications Commission, gave what would be called the Wasteland Speech:
When television is good, nothing — not the theater, not the magazines or newspapers — nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite each of you to sit down in front of your own television set when your station goes on the air and stay there, for a day, without a book, without a magazine, without a newspaper, without a profit and loss sheet or a rating book to distract you. Keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that what you will observe is a vast wasteland.
That got tongues wagging — the media likes nothing so much as to talk about the media. And when New York Times reporter Val Adams put the "vast wasteland" quote in his second paragraph — and a headline writer pulled it into Cheltenham bold italic on the Times' front page — a new media catchphrase was born.
The event Monday tried to put the vast wasteland into today's much vaster context. Minow himself, now 85, gave remarks, and a cast of worthies from all corners of media and media law contributed: Berkmanites Yochai Benkler and John Palfrey, FCC emeriti Reed Hundt and Kevin Martin, legal scholar Ellen Goodman, journalist Jonathan Alter, MIT's Nicholas Negroponte, and what felt like a cast of thousands, all ably guided by Jonathan Zittrain. (Of particular note were Martha Minow, Newt's daughter and now dean of Harvard Law School, and Ann Marie Lipinski, curator of the Nieman Foundation and thus my boss.)
Berkman's now posted video of the event — take a look.
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Vishwakarma, Infosys: The CIM [common information model] for distribution is going to touch upon asset management, customer information systems, real-time systems, and all the silos. But utilities aren't ready to implement those because some standards are under-developed, some are fully developed, and some are being developed. You need to correlate information across the systems.
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Fortnightly: Looking out five or 10 years into the future, where will utilities be with analytics?
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Devereaux, Oracle: I know from experience that we were learning every month new things we could do with the data coming off of our millions of meters. We're very bullish that this data is going to have a significant impact on the general forecasting functions that a utility does.
Meyers, Telvent: It's the thing we're thinking about now that will have the game finally changed five years from now.
Wambaugh, UISOL: We'll get even more into what's called complex event processing: real-time analytics where the data flows through these systems and the answers come out. I don't think analytics will be an afterthought. It will be part of the process, part of everything you do.
Valocchi, IBM: We're going to see a much more consumer-friendly utility in the future.
Jackman, Oracle: Once they raise their head above the parapet, after they've rolled out their meters and have actually started collecting more than a sample size of interval data, utilities will innovate—the same way as when you call up your bank and your bank knows exactly who you are, and what offers they can give you.
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A rare picture snapped by Saturn probe Cassini shows three of the planet's moons -- all of which are very different from each other.
A "magic island" on Saturn's intriguing moon Titan has once again popped up on Cassini's radar, but it seems to have changed its look since the last time it was spotted.
Researchers speculate on the strange case of a missing island on Titan that disappeared from photographs over just a few days.
From glimmering rings to strange happenings on the moon Titan, Saturn is a wondrous planet that humans can't take their eyes off.
The shifting of Saturn's short days is on display in a NASA image of sunrise on the ringed planet, one of many dazzling portraits captured by the Cassini spacecraft.
Saturn's captivating moon Titan once again draws the eye as NASA releases a color mosaic showing the sun shining on its polar seas.
A gorgeous pic snapped by Cassini shows the outer rings of Saturn in crisp detail, with ice moon Tethys bringing up the rear.
Photographer Roland Miller has made it a mission to document space launch sites abandoned across America.
Headlines described the sighting of waves on Titan this week, but it's really still smooth sailing on the impressively deep lakes of the Earth-ish moon.
NASA has released a new image of the superstorm at the top of the ringed planet. Imagine what this thing could do to traffic in Atlanta.


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Fragile environments
What approaches contribute to sustainable capacity development in fragile state contexts? Stabilizing the governance infrastructure in post-conflict situations sometimes requires the outsourcing of nearly all government roles in the early stages of recovery. With many development initiatives driven by external actors, it is nonetheless critical for such interventions to support the transition to country-owned and country-led development by strengthening emerging capacity where it crystallizes.
Building on Issue 32 of Capacity.org, this page aims to showcase best practice by development organizations and donors, as well as inspiring casestudies that highlight the importance of strengthening community-led initiatives to foster peace and development in such contexts.
Featured organizations
Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (GSDRC): Strengthening capacity in the area of governance, conflict and social development
Funded by the UK Department for International Development, GSDRC aims to help reduce poverty by informing policymaking and enhancing professional knowledge in relation to governance, conflict and social development. Services provided by the Resource Centre include an extensive publications database with helpful policy-oriented summaries of each document highlighting the major findings. An interesting feature is a Q&A section where detailed responses to research helpdesk enquiries are published.
The GSDRC topic guide on fragile states introduces some of the best literature on the causes, characteristics and impact of state fragility and the challenge of aid effectiveness and lessons learned from international engagement in these contexts. It is intended primarily as a reference guide for policymakers.
Below, you can read the latest resources in this area, drawn from GSDRC's topic feed.Website:http://www.gsdrc.org/
Recent Articles
Fri, 21 Nov 2014
Women in Peace and Security through United Nations Security Resolution 1325: Literature Review, Content Analysis of National Action Plans, and Implementation
This Working Paper looks at the Women, Peace and Security agenda as laid out in UNSCR 1325 and in six following Security Council Resolutions to assess progress in the past decade and a half since its adoption in 2000. An extensive desk study of the existing literature was conducted, as well as a detailed content analysis of 40 of the 42 existing 1325 National Action Plans (NAPs). The paper also offers an update on implementation of Women, Peace, and Security goals more broadly.
Thu, 20 Nov 2014
Aid in Support of Gender Equality in Fragile and Conflict-affected States
This study provides an overview of DAC members' funding targeted to gender equality in fragile and conflict?affected states. The methodology relies on data on DAC members' aid targeting gender equality and women's empowerment in 43 fragile or conflict-affected states.
Thu, 20 Nov 2014
Gender and Statebuilding in Fragile and Conflict-affected States
Integrating a gender perspective into international support to statebuilding is key to improving the quality of international engagement in fragile states. However, statebuilding theory and practice currently neglect the importance of gender relations. This policy guidance aims to fill this gap by providing an overview of the challenges, opportunities and prospects for more systematic consideration of gender relations in the context of statebuilding.
Sat, 15 Nov 2014
Re-thinking Gender in Peacebuilding
This report is based on a three-year research project on gender in peacebuilding, which involved field research in four countries (Burundi, Colombia, Nepal and Uganda), with a thematic focus on four areas of peacebuilding.
Sat, 15 Nov 2014
The Other Side of Gender: Men as Critical Agents of Change
Better understanding of how experiences in war change men's roles and identities can lead to better interventions to help men deal with the trauma of war violence, to combat gender-based violence, and equip men as agents of peace in their post-conflict communities. Based on their review of existing work to help men in post-conflict settings, five leading experts recommend a multipronged approach to expand programming and conduct rigorous evaluation to determine which programs are most effective.
Sat, 15 Nov 2014
Gender equality in Peacebuilding and Statebuilding
This Guidance Paper provides practical programming guidance to mainstream gender into international efforts in support of peacebuilding and statebuilding processes. It finds that current thinking on the necessary features of state society relations includes the following: making political settlements and political processes more inclusive; strengthening core functions of the state (including security and justice provision, and delivery of basic services, and the regulation of economic activity); creating state capacity and political space to be responsive to public expectations about power and resource allocation and general policy preferences; fostering society's ability to engage actively in public life; and working with locally embedded norms and institutions including outside the state system.
Sat, 15 Nov 2014
Integrating gender into the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States
The New Deal builds on previous international commitments such as the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2008) and the Accra Agenda for Action (2008), and provides new momentum to efforts to support countries making the transition to peace. However, to date, gender issues have been largely absent despite their status as a 'cross-cutting' theme, and more political will, guidance and resources are needed to ensure that they are incorporated into the implementation of this important new global agenda.
Tue, 7 Oct 2014
Fragile and Conflict-Affected States: Exploring the Relationship between Governance, Instability and Violence
Fragile and conflict-affected states' (FCAS) constitute an increasingly important category of aid policy and action. This paper argues that the category comprises a large and heterogeneous set of countries, problematizing coherent policy response which is often awkwardly split between boilerplate strategy and case-by-case approach. In both respects, efficiency of aid allocations is questionable. There is a need to disaggregate the category into smaller groups of countries, understood according to a more nuanced interpretation of the nature of their fragility.
Fri, 3 Oct 2014
Assessment of the evidence of links between gender equality, peacebuilding and statebuilding: literature review
This report provides an overview of the knowledge base on gender-sensitive approaches to peacebuilding and statebuilding in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS). It uses systematic principles of enquiry to assess the evidence, but is not a systematic review.
Tue, 9 Sep 2014
Crime and conflict: the new challenge for peacebuilding
This report suggests that framing violent conflict as limited to war and civil war restricts our ability to address it: the approaches and lens of peacebuilding can enrich efforts to reduce armed violence and fragility linked to organised crime. It notes that this approach has not been widely tested, but that when it has, results are promising.
Other Topics
Essential Readings
Annotated bibliography on capacity development in fragile situations (LenCD)
GSDRC Topic Guide on Fragile States
Derick Brinkerhoff (2007) Capacity Development in Fragile States, ECDPM Discussion Paper 58D
Capacity.org Issue 32 (December 2007) Fragile States


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Shawn & Sue
Adopt A Shelter Dog
Listen In with Shawn & Sue (Coffeecast)
Dogs Are So Funny
What Do You Do With Your Pumpkin
Pet of the Week
Sunshine came to us 4 1/2 months ago and her special someone has yet to come along and notice her. Doesn't anyone need a little Sunshine in their life? All you need to do is come to our facility and meet Sunshine, heck, you don't even need to meet her. Just walk up to run and once you see her gaze at you with her gentle, soulful eyes, you'll know that you need our Sunshine in your life. When you meet her, it's all over......she'll win you over instantly!
Zombies Wanted in Berkeley Township
Win in the Morning
Is It Too Soon for Christmas
OK, I know you're probably thinking, "Sue, what's going on?" I totally agree, it's too soon for Christmas. I believe Shawn, my partner in the morning, is putting up a blog about Halloween and is too soon for Halloween..but I'm asking you about Christmas. Halloween decorations are fine for the end of September!


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LEGAL ADVERTISEMENT: For Sale Howard Township is accepting bids for a 2001 Ford F350 1 Ton Dump Truck, 136,190 miles V-10 Gas Engine 4X4 with a 9 feet Myer snow plow. Selling with a minimum bid of $5,000.00. Also accepting bids for a 1978 Ford 8000 Single...More info Email a friend
Estate of Dallas K. Lykens, late of Bellefonte Borough, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Betsy E. Lykens, Executrix, 335 Julian Pike, Julian, PA 16844 Jaime M. Leon, Esquire, Goodall & Yurchak, P.C., 328 South Atherton St., State College, PA 16801, Attorneys...More info Email a friend
The Proposed Budget for 2015 for the Township of College has been prepared and is open for public inspection in the College Township Municipal Building, 1481 E. College Avenue, State College, PA, from 9:00 AM to 4:30 PM weekdays and on the website at www...More info Email a friend
NOTICE TO BIDDERS The Borough of Millheim is requesting bids on a 2015 GMC Sierra 3500 DRW or its equivalent. Bids must be received by the Borough Secretary prior to 5:00 p.m. Monday, December 8, 2014. Specifications for the truck may be obtained at the...More info Email a friend
LEGAL NOTICE Notice is hereby given that the Millheim Borough Council shall consider for adoption a proposed Ordinance at a regular meeting of the Millheim Borough Council to be held on Tuesday, December 9, 2014 at 7:00 p.m. in the Millheim Borough Building...More info Email a friend
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LEGAL NOTICE At a regular meeting held on Monday, November 17, 2014, the Board of Supervisors of the Township of Ferguson adopted the following ordinance: #995 AN ORDINANCE OF THE TOWNSHIP OF FERGUSON, CENTRE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, AMENDING THE FERGUSON...More info Email a friend
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Notice is hereby given that on November 14, 2014, American Energy - Marcellus, LLC has filed a Notice of Intent (NOI) (NOI-2014-0455) with the Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) seeking to consumptively use water obtained from the Glen O. Hawbaker...More info Email a friend


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November 25, 2014
SEATTLE (AP) - A high-risk sex offender being sought in Canada was allowed to enter the United States after authorities determined that he was a U.S. citizen and not subject to an extraditable warrant.
A U.S. law enforcement official said Friday that U.S. authorities were aware of a warning from Canada that Michael Sean Stanley might try to cross the border. But officials allowed Stanley through the border after reviewing his information in a biometric records check. The official spoke on condition of anonymity to address an ongoing law enforcement matter.
A spokeswoman for the Edmonton Police Service in Canada says authorities are now looking into the extradition process.
Stanley has a long history of sexual offences against women and children and has been missing since Oct. 1 when he cut off his electronic monitoring bracelet around the Alberta-Saskatchewan boundary.
Copyright 2014 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Find records of Lenora Brinkworth
Find birth, death, marriage, military, and other records of Lenora M Brinkworth at Ancestry.com.Search for records
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Posted July 31, 2012 on AP on Fox
Comments on the Buffalo Bills by the AP Pro32 panel (ranking in parentheses): BUFFALO BILLS (19) Alex Marvez (Foxsports.com, 12): NFL's longest active playoff drought (12 seasons and counting) is set to end thanks to defensive upgrades led by free-agent signing of pass-rushing beast Mario Williams and hiring of Dave Wannstedt as coordinator. Chris Berman (ESPN, 14): Most excitement in Western New York in offseason in years. Rich Gannon (CBS Sports/SiriusXM NFL Radio, 14): Bills make playoffs if they avoid the injury bug. Clifton Brown (Sporting News, 17): Really like team's offseason moves, but Ryan Fitzpatrick needs to be more consistent. Pat Kirwan (SiriusXM NFL Radio/CBSSports.com, 17): Great offseason puts Bills in situation to rush passer without blitzing. As long as Fred Jackson is healthy they will be playoff contenders. Clark Judge (CBSSports.com, 19): Big offseason moves, but still must beat New England. John Lynch (Fox Sports, 20): Hope springs eternal afte...
Original Story: http://msn.foxsports.com/nfl/story/AP...
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Partner News Feeds
Nevada: Law could change to allow bow hunters to carry handguns
NRA Feed - Wed, 11/19/2014 - 19:00
A local lawmaker is on the verge of influencing policy change that would allow archery hunters to pack along more firepower than a bow and quiver of arrows – and the legislative session is still months down the road.State wildlife regulators have agreed to begin the process to revise archery hunt rules.
West Virginia: Attorney General Patrick Morrisey Continues his Leadership on the Second Amendment
NRA Feed - Wed, 11/19/2014 - 08:00
Attorney General Patrick Morrisey continued to lead legal efforts to support your Second Amendment rights by filing an amicus curiae, or "friend of the court," brief with a bipartisan coalition of 21 state Attorneys General across the country. This brief urged the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit to declare unconstitutional a Maryland law forbidding the possession, sale or transfer of certain firearms.
Pawn store customer fells armed robber, WISH, Indianapolis, Ind. 11/18/14
A man entered Cash America Pawn in Indianapolis, Ind. pulled a hood over his head, drew a gun, and attempted to rob the store. A customer responded by drawing a gun and shooting the criminal, killing him. Following an investigation, police revealed that the deceased robber was a suspect in other robberies.
Gun-control groups pressure New Jersey to enforce unusual gun law
Gun-control groups in New Jersey and Washington, D.C. are urging a New Jersey court to make the state enforce an unusual law, one that could ultimately ban sales in the state of all handguns that don't embrace some sort of smart technology.
California: Sunnyvale gun law up in the air in federal appeals court
Reviewing another round in the gun rights battle, a federal appeals court offered few clues Monday on whether it will uphold a Sunnyvale law banning possession of large capacity ammunition magazines.
21 states want a court to overturn Maryland's semi-auto ban
The law, signed by Gov. Martin O'Malley in May 2013, is among the nation's strictest gun-control measures, banning magazines that hold more than 10 rounds of ammunition and most semi-automatic rifles, while also mandating fingerprinting and training for some new gun buyers. Violation of the law carries a maximum penalty of three years in prison, a $5,000 fine or both.
Oregon lawmakers work to restrict private transfers
Democrats in the Oregon Legislature say the outlook to expand background checks on gun purchases is better in 2015 than it has been in years, thanks to Senate seats they picked up in the Nov. 4 election and passage of an initiative with similar provisions in Washington.
Can California ban gun stores from advertising handguns on their signs?
I blogged last week about Tracy Rifle & Pistol LLC. v. Harris (E.D. Cal.), a case in which I've been hired to consult, and which the California Association of Federal Firearms Licensees, The Calguns Foundation, and Second Amendment Foundation are supporting. The case is a First Amendment challenge to Cal. Civil Code § 26820 (which was first enacted 1923, but is still being enforced today):
Illinois: Lake County concealed carry informational session
The Lake County State's Attorney's Office in partnership with the Lake County Sheriff's Office is hosting a Concealed Carry informational session on Tuesday, November 18, 2014 at the College of Lake County, Grayslake Campus, Building C, Auditorium located at 19351 W. Washington Street, Grayslake, Illinois 60030 from 6:00 p.m. to 7:30 p.m.
Texas: Right-to-Carry bills filed for legislative session
It's among the most controversial bills prefiled in the upcoming state legislative session, the possibility of allowing open carry of sidearms. Governor-elect Greg Abbott has already gone on record that he would sign such a bill if and when it makes it through the state house and senate.
Florida poised to let hunters use suppressors
When the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission meets Thursday in Key Largo, the state's rule-makers for hunters and anglers are expected to lift a 57-year-old ban on silencers, noise-suppressing devices that can be attached to the barrel of a rifle or pistol to muffle the "bang."
Armed woman says 'It's about protecting yourself'
Being attacked by four men while working as an unarmed security guard, spending years in an abusive marriage, and then a burglary at her home taught Kim Bartlett a thing or two about staying safe.A gun, and knowing how to use it, is the answer for her.
Why more women are looking to carry
Women across the country are carrying more than just their purses these days by deciding to pack a pistol with them too.11.1 million people in the U.S. are licensed to carry concealed and a growing number of them are women.
Louisiana AG joins effort to deem Maryland's gun restrictions unconstitutional
Louisiana Attorney General Buddy Caldwell has joined 20 other state attorneys general in opposing Maryland's Firearm Safety Act of 2013, which Caldwell says restricts gun rights.
California: Ruling could make permits easier to get
A federal court ruling that could make it easier to carry a concealed gun in California won't affect how Riverside and San Bernardino counties handle requests for concealed firearms permits, sheriff's officials in both counties insist.But a gun rights group contends that the ruling, centered on concealed permit rules in San Diego County, also is proof that Inland counties aren't following the law.
Women 'want to be able to protect themselves'
Frank Batten, the firearms instructor and certified trainer for Deep River Outfitters, said his goals for any concealed carry or firearms safety class is to educate, equip and train.As do all instructors, he keeps up with changes in the law via a state website.His classes are sometimes all male, sometimes male and female, and some classes are specifically for women.
Grassroots Alert: Vol. 21, No. 45 11/14/2014
NRA Feed - Fri, 11/14/2014 - 15:23
Marine stops home invader, KPRC, Houston, Texas, 11/10/14
Dan Reynolds, a former Marine, was at home in Harris County, Texas when he heard the sound of glass breaking. Reynolds responded by retrieving a shotgun and going towards the noise. When Reynolds came upon a man climbing through a window, he fired at him, striking the criminal in the chest and halting the intrusion.
Please Take Action – Ask Congress to Protect the Interests of Law-Abiding Gun Owners and Sportsmen Today
As Congress considers budget legislation, the NRA respectfully urges that the interests of law-abiding gun owners and sportsmen be protected from the ongoing attacks of the anti-gun Obama Administration.
FBI: Just-released figures for 2013 show a decrease in violent crimes and property crimes
The FBI released Crime in the United States, 2013 today, which shows that the estimated number of violent crimes in 2013 decreased 4.4 percent when compared with 2012 figures, and the estimated number of property crimes decreased 4.1 percent.


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Smock discusses the "new American family" on NPR
Pfeffer and colleagues re-examine impacts of community college attendance
Frey explains the minority-majority remapping of America
Apply for 2-year NICHD Postdoctoral Fellowships that begin September 2015
PSC Fall 2014 Newsletter now available
Martha Bailey and Nicolas Duquette win Cole Prize for article on War on Poverty
Michigan's graduate sociology program tied for 4th with Stanford in USN&WR rankings
Monday, Dec 1
Linda Waite, Health & Well-Being of Adults over 60
Sakshaug, Joseph, Mick P. Couper, Mary Beth Ofstedal, and David Weir. 2012. "Linking survey and administrative records: mechanisms of consent." Sociological Methods and Research, 41: 535-569.
Survey records are increasingly being linked to administrative databases to enhance the survey data and increase research opportunities for data users. A necessary prerequisite to linking survey and administrative records is obtaining informed consent from respondents. Obtaining consent from all respondents is a difficult challenge and one that faces significant resistance. Consequently, data linkage consent rates vary widely from study to study. Several studies have found significant differences between consenters and nonconsenters on sociodemographic variables, but no study has investigated the underlying mechanisms of consent from a theory-driven perspective. In this study, we describe and test several hypotheses related to respondents' willingness to consent to an earnings and benefit data linkage request based on mechanisms related to financial uncertainty, privacy concerns, resistance toward the survey interview, level of attentiveness during the interview, the respondents' preexisting relationship with the administrative data agency, and matching respondents and interviewers on observable characteristics. The results point to several implications for survey practice and suggestions for future research.
DOI:10.1177/0049124112460381 (Full Text)
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Robert Guerrero has taken some of the enemy's best jabs, and he's still standing for Christ. Read about his amazing journey to his championship bout on Saturday against Floyd Mayweather. read more
Charisma Magazine
Page 48 of 82
Being Intentional for God Takes More Than Cheap Words
God wants us to take time every single day to re-surrender our lives and open every corner of our life to Him. read more
Great Coaches (of Men) Lead the Way to Jesus
A strong mentor points the way to Jesus. Men need one who will show them the greatness of the Savior. read more
R-E-S-P-E-C-T: A Two-Way Street
Men, discover the simple formula for receiving respect from your wives on a daily basis. read more
Fantasy Island 2: From Innocent to Indecent
Having dreams or aspirations isn't wrong. But when it crosses the line into destruction, that's when we have to stop and pause. read more
5 Things to Teach Your Kids About Responding to Failure
Mistakes in life are inevitable. Find out how to instruct your kids to learn from them and move on. read more
What Are the Men in Your Church Looking For?
What is missing from your men's ministry? Discover some of the things men need and desire from their guys' group at church. read more
Every Household Needs a 'Love Drawer'
Preparing for death is not a fun task, but it's crucial for your family for you to have all your financial information in order and in one place. read more
How to Embrace the Messiness in Your Family Worship
Your family devotional times might look clean, but they also might look chaotic and seem to make no sense. Jesus won't fault you for your shortcomings. read more
10 Ways to Bring Joy Into Your Life
How can we shake off the stress and strain every day can bring and discover true happiness? Here are a few ideas to get you started on the path to robust joy. read more
10 Foods That Increase Your Risk of Cancer
Plain and simple, here are some foods (and drinks) that you should stay away from.
Top 12 Christian Gift Ideas for 2014
Exclusive discounts on Christian gifts for this Christmas plus a chance to win some great prizes!
Warring With Wisdom and Revelation
God is calling us to a higher level in spiritual warfare. Here's how you can up your game for ...
Is This When the Rapture Is Really Coming?
Though no man knows the day or the hour of Christ's return, John Shorey says he's decoded a ...
9 Things You Should Never Say to Your Wife
What other phrases have you discovered that cause more hurt than help in your marriage?
How to Respond When Your Child Says, 'I'm Gay'
Angela discovered that her teenage daughter was struggling with same-sex attraction. Here's ...
A Powerful Prophetic Promise for the Weary
The enemy of your soul wants to make you think perception is reality. Thank God He's given us ...
When 'Apostles' and 'Prophets' Lust for Fame
One can't help but notice how many so-called ministers flaunt their titles, positions, ...
Good News/Bad News About Spiritual Warfare
The enemy hates you and comes to kill, steal and destroy, but he's got some very real ...
Get R.T. Kendall's New Book & Devotional
Experience the Holy Spirit in a way that will change your life!
What Would Jesus Say to Kim Kardashian?
Jesus offers His salvation to everybody—even if you are a reality TV star who poses nude.
Top 12 Christian Gift Ideas for 2014
Exclusive discounts on Christian gifts for this Christmas plus a chance to win some great prizes!
7 Characteristics of Authentic Prophetic Ministry
Too much of the church is sinking in the quagmire of apostasy. Here are key scriptural elements ...
2 Key Deceptions Behind Your Spiritual Battles
The enemy is the master of lies, and he seeks to weaken our defenses with these key deceptions. But ...
4 Overlooked Ways the Holy Spirit Is Active
The Holy Spirit moves in the most unexpected ways. Here are four activities of the Spirit we should ...
The World-Shattering Secrets of the Shemitah
Could a 3,000-year-old mystery lie behind some of the most pivotal events of modern times and hold ...
6 Reasons to Use the Gift of Tongues
The gift of tongues is still very much in evidence today. Here are six great reasons and ...
3 Dangerous Lies Teen Girls Believe
What are some truthful statements we can say to our daughters that will make an impact on their ...
Here's a Sure-Fire Weapon for Weight-Loss Discouragement
When you feel like you're stuck and can't shed any more pounds, turn to this pearl of ...
Bill Johnson: Unleash the Power of Heaven
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Latest News
20 Nov 2014. World has five years to secure victory in HIV fight
19 Nov 2014. One in eight gay men in London now have HIV
Health4Men offers sexual health services for all men who have sex with men and has clinics in Woodstock, Khayelitsha, Bellville, Soweto and Yeoville. For more information refer to Health4Men Sites on the right of this page.
Irrespective of whether you're heterosexual or a gay man, whether you're HIV positive or negative, we hope you'll find our website informative and interesting.
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Mario Mercurio spent five years as Xavier University's first-ever Director of Basketball Administration under head coach Sean Miller and is in his sixth year under head coach Chris Mack. He spent three years as a student working with Thad Matta's staff and also worked as a student for two years under the late former head coach Skip Prosser.
"I've been working with Mario since the 1999-2000 season at Xavier," said head coach Chris Mack. "He's sharp, innovative and understands the landscape of college basketball. I don't think there's a better administrator in the country. To top it off, he bleeds Xavier basketball like the rest of us."
Among other things, Mercurio's responsibilities include Xavier's non-conference scheduling. Since taking over scheduling with former Xavier head coach Sean Miller in 2004, Xavier has added home-and-home series with Florida, Purdue, Memphis, Vanderbilt, Gonzaga, Virginia, LSU, Kansas State, Arizona State, Butler, Georgia and Auburn.
With high profile exempt events becoming an important staple in Xavier's non-conference slate, Mercurio has worked hard to secure spots in some of the country's top events. Xavier, which participated in the Paradise Jam last year, is also scheduled to participate in the 2012 ESPN Puerto Rico Tip Off, the 2013 Battle 4 Atlantis and the 2014 ESPN Old Spice Classic.
For the past eight years Mercurio has served as Xavier's liaison to Nike Basketball. 2011 will mark Xavier's third year as a Nike NTS School. The Nike NTS Contract, which covers customized uniforms, gear and equipment, is the highest level of Nike Contract you can obtain without winning a basketball national championship. Xavier is one of only six schools without BCS football that are at the NTS level, joining Gonzaga, Marquette, St. John's, Georgetown and
In addition to his work at Xavier, Mercurio has also been a part of Larry Brown's and John Calipari's yearly basketball retreat. Mercurio was selected to produce a book compiling notes from the retreat. The hundred-plus page book is distributed only to members of the retreat, and consists of ideas, thoughts, philosophies, and plays from some of the greatest basketball minds today. Attendees of the retreat in the past three years have included Jerry West, Isiah Thomas and Jeff Van Gundy among others.
A Cincinnati St. Xavier High School graduate, Mercurio, 31, graduated in 2003 from Xavier's Williams College of Business with a double major in finance and marketing. Mercurio, who was born on December 7, 1979 in Cincinnati, also received his MBA at Xavier. He and his wife Meghan were married this past summer in Santorini, Greece.


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Video Library
CW500: Harvey Lewis on the challenges of tackling big data
Managing and making sense of huge volumes of mostly unstructured information is a growing issue for IT leaders, one that has come to be known as "big data", and many experts point to this as a key ...
CW500: Hannelie Gilmour on meeting the challenge of big data
Hannelie Gilmour, chief architect at Standard Life, talks to Computer Weekly about how the investment firm is meeting the challenge of big data.
Interview with Forrester analyst John Rakowski on virtualisation
John Rakowski believes datacentre computing is now a virtualisation-first strategy. He says Hyper-V 3 is a strong alternative to VMware 5.
Video: What CIOs need to know about IT consumerisation
Adrian Drury, practice leader for IT consumerisation at Ovum, discusses device management
Computer Weekly & FT video debates: IT and the customer
In a series of video debates, Computer Weekly and the Financial Times invite a panel of experts to discuss business and IT issues.
CW500: Marc Dowd of Forrester talks about the key technology trends for the year
Marc Dowd, principal of the CIO group at analyst Forrester Research, talks to Computer Weekly editor in chief Bryan Glick about the key technology trends for the year.
CW500: Albert Ellis of Harvey Nash talks about career development
Albert Ellis, CEO of recruitment consultancy Harvey Nash, talks about the major recruitment, skills and career development issues for 2012.
CW500: Tom McEwan of PA Consulting on the economic environment for 2012
In this video, Tom McEwan, head of the global technology consultancy group at PA Consulting, talks to Computer Weekly editor in chief Bryan Glick about the economic environment for 2012 and how it ...
Computer Weekly & FT video debates - Compliance
In this video on IT and regulation, experts discuss the growing burden of legislation and regulation and how it affects IT leaders.
Computer Weekly & FT video debates - managing the cost of IT
Computer Weekly and the Financial Times invite a panel of experts to discuss how IT spending is changing.
UKtech50: Mike Lynch unveiled as the most influential person in UK IT
Mike Lynch, receives his award as the most influential person in UK IT, and talks about the prospects for the UK IT community.
UKtech50: John Seglias, Stop worrying – and love consumer products!
In a not-too-distant past, the mere suggestion of allowing consumer products into the enterprise would result in CIOs and their staff breaking into a cold sweat. All sorts of barriers for consumer ...
UKtech50: Ian Alderton, Embracing the future
Ian Alderton, CIO for corporate banking at Royal Bank of Scotland, talks about embracing the role of futurologist as a key to organisational success.
UKtech50: Peter Blower, IT's the human connection!
As technology became ubiquitous in our lives, coffee chain Starbucks created a "third place" between home and office, where people can connect with each other. With the emergence of digital media c...
UKtech50: Phil Pavitt, How to transform your IT estate without capital investment
CIO Phil Pavitt on how HMRC is making one of the UK's largest IT estates modern, cost-effective and sustainable, saving £131m per year.
UKtech50: Mike Sackman, From installing technology to implementing change
Tired of the IT community at large continually referring to the rest of their organisations as "the business" and then shocked to hear the same language being used in his own department, Mike Sackm...
UKtech50: Simon Moorhead - Seeking light – how CIOs can support the search for truth
CIOs have a pivotal role in ensuring that organisations make the most of their information, and enable business leaders and frontline staff to make the best decisions. Illustrated by examples from ...
UKtech50: John Harris - Lite-IT innovation cells
In this presentation, John Harris will share his experience around how the concept of small, independent, empowered cells are transforming the pace and capability of IT to innovate at GSK.
UKtech50: India Gary-Martin, From techie to COO: the road less travelled
Managing director of investment banking technology and operations at JPMorgan India Gary-Martin has held top IT roles around the world
UKtech50: Andy Beale, Digital disruption and digital sustainability
Guardian News & Media technology director Andy Beale talks about business model transformation from print to digital and what has been learned.


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- Age / Gender:
- n/a, Male
- Location:
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- Joined:
- 5/11/09
- All Stats >
User Statshot
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Level 8 Blank Slate
Normal Whistle
Ranked as Civilian
Contact Info / Websites
Latest News
Im going to COMIC con tmrw and im so exited its goingt o be awsome
Recent Game Medals
Self Surveillance 10 Points Complete the "Moving iEye" levels Medal Stats.
BE SOMEBODY 5 Points Run away, and begin your escape. Medal Stats.
Level 1 10 Points Finish level 1 Medal Stats.
Nohit 1 10 Points Finish level 1 without taking damage Medal Stats.
Halo 5 Points Obtain the Halo. Medal Stats.
Super Dog 10 Points Ride Pup at full speed, uninterrupted for 10 seconds Medal Stats.
Doug Mount 10 Points find and ride Doug, the town drunk! Medal Stats.
I can double jump 10 Points I can double jump Medal Stats.
Jump on 10 enemies 5 Points Jump on 10 enemies Medal Stats.
First kill 5 Points first Kill Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 240 (From 50 different games.)
Favorite Movies
Madness Abrogation Rated 4.4625 Stars Madness Combat 10: Abrogation Action Xionic Madness 3 Rated 4.4327 Stars A la verga aquí está >:D! Action B.Y.E. Rated 4.4297 Stars 60 Deaths, 5 minutes, 1 man suffering over and over. Action Pokemon - Left 4 Dead Rated 4.0604 Stars Pokemon meets Left 4 Dead Comedy - Parody
Favorite Games
Canabalt Rated 4.4309 Stars Run as far as you can. Press X, C, or Space to jump. Action - Platformer - Other Skincraft Rated 4.4387 Stars An unofficial skin creator for Minecraft! Gadgets - Dress Up Line Runner 2 Rated 3.8202 Stars Race through different obstacles by drawing a path for your runner. Action - Platformer - Other Undead End Hardcore Rated 4.1933 Stars Shoot your way through 13 levels of hardcore zombie action. Action - Shooter - Run 'n Gun
Favorite Audio
|Video Game Song
|-Time Machine-
|Video Game Song
|Trance Song
|Darkness In Me (Symphonic
|Heavy Metal Song
Latest Shared Creations
Left 4 Dead Fan Added to skins for Skincraft Jun 13, 2011. Load Level
Omega Added to skins for Skincraft Jun 2, 2011. Load Level


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Nike Little Girls' KO 2.0 Hoodie
$32.99 $44.00*
Save $11.01 (25%)
Product Information:
The Nike® Little Girls' KO 2.0 Hoodie will quickly become her favorite hoodie. With the perfect pairing of Therma-FIT® and Dri-FIT® fabric, this lightweight pullover will leave her feeling warm and dry during cold weather days, and a ribbed waistband and cuffs act as a shield to protect her from the elements. She'll always reach for her Nike® KO 2.0 hoodie on days she can't stay cozy under the covers.
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- Nike
Country of Origin: ChinaWeb ID: 23151236


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Posts with tag "TyraBanks"
Could Tyra Banks Have Ever Filled Oprah's Shoes?Posted Jan 7th 2010 at 09:30 PM by Rashod Ollison
- Filed under:
- Gut Reactions -
- Highbrow -
- TV News
With a media empire steadily growing under her piercing runway-ready gaze, Tyra Banks seemed poised to be the next big talk show diva -- after Oprah Winfrey, of course. The former supermodel, the force behind 'America's Next Top Model,' expanded her brand even more with 'The Tyra Banks Show', now in its fourth season. But despite winning two Daytime Emmys for the sometimes-zany talker, whose...
Jonas Brothers Headed to Splitsville?Posted Dec 30th 2009 at 07:05 AM by Rob Shuter
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- Gut Reactions -
- Movie News -
- Music News -
- Exclusives -
- Naughty But Nice With Rob Shuter -
- Angelina Jolie
Oh, our teenage hearts are shattering into a billion little long-haired pieces! With one brother married and the next planning on becoming the next king of pop, an impending Jonas Brothers split may be in store for 2010. But what about the children?! Details on the Jonas drama, plus the real reason Tyra Banks quit TV and the Angie vs. Jen showdown everyone's been waiting for....
Tyra Banks Announces End of Talk ShowPosted Dec 28th 2009 at 10:10 AM by PopEater Staff
- Filed under:
- Gut Reactions -
- TV News
First Oprah, and now this?!? Tyra Banks has decided to end her oft-zany but always entertaining talker, 'The Tyra Show,' next year. The supermodel-turned-TV multitask-er (she also helms 'America's Next Top Model' and 'True Beauty') revealed the sad news in a statement to PEOPLE. "This will be the last season of The Tyra Show," Banks said. "I've been loving having fun, coming into your living...
Cookie Monster Mistakes Tyra Banks' Butt for a CookiePosted Dec 3rd 2009 at 01:29 PM by PopEater Staff
In an episode of 'The Tyra Banks Show, Cookie Monster and Elmo of 'Sesame Street' make an appearance as guests -- and the famed cookie-obsessed Muppet grabs Tyra Banks' butt in the process. At the same time, Elmo himself was getting a piece of the former super model, by biting her neck, according to OK! magazine. ...
'ANTM' Winner Nicole Fox Says, 'Tyra is Not a Racist'Posted Nov 19th 2009 at 05:17 PM by Megan Rumph
- Filed under:
- TV News -
- Celebrity Scandal -
- Interviews -
- Exclusives
Nicole Fox was just named the winner of Cycle 13 of 'America's Next Top Model,' and PopEater got the chance to talk to her about the photo shoot that sparked racial controversy, as well as her now famous dancing skills. "We kinda thought that the press would maybe get on that after it aired, because there's that whole 'blackface' controversy," she said. The press did attack, criticizing the...
Fashion Police: Week of November 16Posted Nov 15th 2009 at 11:46 PM by Chris Jancelewicz
- Filed under:
- Fashion Police
From Angelina Jolie's maternal instinct to Madonna's desperate attempt to recapture her youth, PopEater Canada brings you the sartorial successes and big messes from the red carpets of Hollywood. Tune in every week for the latest fashion faux pas and hurrahs....
'Top Model' Judge Miss J Alexander a FatherPosted Nov 11th 2009 at 02:02 PM by Chris Jancelewicz
- Filed under:
- Celebrity Baby -
- Good News -
- TV News -
File this one under: Never Would Have Guessed. Ever. US Weekly magazine is reporting that 'America's Next Top Model' judge "Miss J" Alexander has a surprising secret: He has a 7-year-old son named Boris. "I'm a dad," he announced on 'The Tyra Show' Tuesday. The former model and self-professed "runway coach extraordinaire" said he and his ex-boyfriend Alex -- whom he dubbed "the Doctor" -- were...
Why You're Searching for 'Kim Kardashian Halloween Costume,' 'Alanis Morissette,' and 'Karate Kid Remake'Posted Nov 2nd 2009 at 10:56 PM by Sam Brand
- Filed under:
- Kim Kardashian
Wondering why 'Kim Kardashian Halloween Costume,' 'Alanis Morissette' and 'V TV Show' are surging in Google Trends? We can shed some light on the mystery. Google Trends provides the hottest keywords of the hour. Though the results change frequently, at any given time the list offers a snapshot of what's hot in the world of entertainment news. Here's what's steamin' tonight......
PopEater Poll Results: How You Voted on Jessica, Garry, Tyra, Michael and MorePosted Oct 18th 2009 at 09:00 AM by PopEater Staff
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- Gut Reactions -
- Movie News -
- Music News -
- TV News -
- Polls: How You Voted on Big Stories
What did you think of the NFL ad that blasted Jessica Simpson's weight? Does Garry Shandling look like he had plastic surgery? Tyra Banks has dropped several dress sizes -- how does she look now? And what are your feelings on Michael Jackson's posthumous single, 'This Is It?' Thanks to the hundreds of thousands of PopEater faithful who voted on the most burning questions in Hollywood this week.*...
Tyra Banks Shows Off Her New FigurePosted Oct 13th 2009 at 07:45 AM by PopEater Staff
- Filed under:
- Celebrity Weight -
- Photos -
- TV News
Tyra Banks is looking fit and fabulous, having reportedly dropped over 30 pounds from her highest weight two years ago. The supermodel and TV host was seen flaunting her figure in a New York City photo shoot, showing off her new size 8 frame. Previously, she was wearing size 14-16 at the peak of her weight gain. ...
Popeater Hot Topics
- Chris Pine: I Learned to Sing in the Shower
- Sexiest Director Alive? Channing Tatum Is About to Helm His First Movie
- The Way She Was: New Photo Book Showcases Barbra Streisand's Early Years in Hollywood
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- Duggar fans create counter-petition to save '19 Kids & Counting'
- Vogue's new digs are reportedly swarming with rats
- Cameron Diaz hosts ?Saturday Night Live' this weekend ? talk about it here!
- You can now buy the original ?Wizard of Oz' Cowardly Lion costume ? if you're a millionaire
- This Week on Stage: Hugh Jackman, Glenn Close and ?Side Show' storm Broadway's busiest fall week
- North West's Latest Must-Have Accessory Revealed: See Kimye's Daughter Work Sunglasses
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- PDA Alert! Robert Pattinson Grabs FKA Twigs' Butt After Holding Her Hand During Romantic Stroll
Sites We Love
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- More From x17online.com


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Like fancy suits, sofa sets are sewn from the same cut of fabric. These matching sets provide a well-rounded look in living rooms, but near misses tend to clash due to their small differences. At 20 show rooms throughout the western US, Mor Furniture for Less arranges complete-room sets so customers can envision the collections in their own homes. Furniture for living rooms, dining rooms, and children's rooms can be found in each store along with individual lamps, tables, and entertainment centers. The stores also carry complete sets of beds, dressers, and nightstands so that homeowners don't receive criticism from design bloggers in their dreams.
Sit 'n Sleep's friendly staff of sleep consultants take slumber seriously, spending months to learn the ins and outs of sleep health, mattress selection, and customer service. With their extensive expertise, these wink whisperers help snoozers find the perfect person-size pillow on which to repose or languidly mispronounce French poetry; choose from a panoply of twin, full, queen, king, and Cal king varietals. Guests can find restful vibes manifested in a bevy of mattress brands, from Sealy to Simmons, and types, from memory foam to latex.
Besides a working kitchen, there are two things a person needs in order to cook: the right gear and the right recipes. The chefs and food aficionados at Kitchen Fantasy supply both with an extensive stock of cookware and a full schedule of cooking classes. Kitchen Fantasy's products run the gamut from tools, like cheese slicers and meatball makers, to accessories, such as chef's coats. Its courses, taught by a team of experienced chefs, touch on general and specific cooking techniques, from knife skills to vegetable-cooking methods less destructive than flooding a garden with boiling water.
Anneken rejuvenates rooms with quick, effective design interventions. A mini makeover begins with a staging to evaluate existing furniture and home décor, and then a color consultation will help homeowners pair complementary paint and fabric hues while eliminating clashing colors such as chartreuse and anti-chartreuse. Designers will then suggest finishing touches to achieve your desired look, making sure that decorating plans fit your budget. Buying services are not included with today's deal.
Orange County Mattress ferries dreamers to restful repose with an ample selection of top bedding brands. Weary heads bodies can bask atop a queen-size Simmons Beautyrest Kentish pillow-top set with coil springs for extra support ($749). Allergen- and dust-mite resistant Tempur-Pedic ClassicBed sets ($2,599/california king) mold to the body's exact shape and absorb disturbances produced by bedfellows' dreams of break-dancing fame. Commune with Orange County Mattress's knowledgeable sleep consultants to find the perfect slumber pallet, which, although this Groupon cannot be used toward delivery costs, can be delivered in time for an extra-long bedtime story the same day.


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37% of U.S. mobile users favor m-commerce over stores
And 42% of U.S. smartphone and tablet owners say they will do more shopping on their mobile devices this holiday season than they did ...
37% of U.S. mobile users favor m-commerce over stores
And 42% of U.S. smartphone and tablet owners say they will do more shopping on their mobile devices this holiday season than they did ...
Hold the phone: 66% of time spent with e-retail is on mobile
So, clearly, it's not a passing fad. Clever use of mobile apps by retailers such as Target and Wal-Mart is driving more consumers to ...
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The bookstore's first e-retail site sells Kobo e-readers and has a strong focus on e-books.
Posted 03/20/2013Katie EvansPost a comment
There's a limited audience for the bigger size, one analyst says.
Posted 02/04/2013Bill SiwickiPost a comment
But Amazon posted a net loss as it spent heavily on Kindle and infrastructure.
Posted 01/29/2013Mark BrohanPost a comment
Related Content:Amazon Sales Top $61 Billion In 2012 | Amazon Earnings
The e-retailer's 'In-App Purchasing' ties to Amazon accounts.
Posted 01/23/2013Amy DustoPost a comment
Related Content:Gamestop
Traffic to e-commerce sites on Dec. 25 rises 27% over last year.
Posted 12/28/2012Katie EvansPost a comment
The agreement values the digital reading business at $1.79 billion.
Posted 12/28/2012Kevin WoodwardPost a comment
23% of U.S. consumers have read an e-book within the past year, Pew says.
Posted 12/27/2012Paul DemeryPost a comment
Portuguese retailer Wook.pt makes back to school easy.
Posted 11/27/2012Sylvia De OliveiraPost a comment
Related Content:Portugal
Kindle e-readers and Kindle Fire tablets occupy Amazon's top four sales spots.
Posted 11/27/2012Bill SiwickiPost a comment
The biggest online retailer ended the quarter with a $244 million loss.
Posted 10/25/2012Mark BrohanPost a comment