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On Monday, October 27, longtime Gardiner's Bay Country Club member and "age shooter" Sid Beckwith fired a 95 at Green Valley, his Florida club in Clermont, to beat his age for the 1,000th time! (more…)
On Monday, October 27, longtime Gardiner's Bay Country Club member and "age shooter" Sid Beckwith fired a 95 at Green Valley, his Florida club in Clermont, to beat his age for the 1,000th time! (more…)
I hope you all had a wonderful Thanksgiving and your houses were filled with family fun and raucous laughter.
My day was filled with food, football (not soccer), carving, then contractions — and not my belly after too much Turkey — but Bethany, my wife, going into labor. A speedy drive ensued to Southampton hospital. This was followed by new life on
Thanksgiving Day as baby Lila Taylor Notley was born and all our family had something, or rather someone, to be tremendously thankful for.
A word, if I may, from an Englishman, about Thanksgiving. This holiday isn't celebrated in England, or any of the British Isles for that matter. I didn't realize what all the fuss was about when I arrived in Philadelphia 13 years ago. However, for over half a dozen years (and the arrival of my family) it has become a very special day for me indeed and now I feel, "in the know". Thank you America, for bestowing on me a tradition which I am very thankful for.
Now, onto the golf: Gardiner's Bay Country Club held their final golf tournament 'with a twist' over Thanksgiving. On the Friday following Turkey Day nearly eighty intrepid golfers took to the links in a crazy cross country golf format. It was a great way to burn off some calories after some turkey stuffing With the 'cross country' golf holes granted names such as; "Precipice," "Climb," "Tangent" and "The Rock," you can imagine the scene. Our members and their guests hiked up hill and down dale, teeing off from one tee box, and putting out on an entirely different green. This carried on for fourteen holes. The golf course looked like a battlefield with golfers embarking up embankments and then vaulting down valleys! Brandishing their four irons like broadswords!
Fortunately no one was injured, although there were plenty shouts of, "Fore!"
After just over three hours of fun everyone gathered into the warmth of the clubhouse to sample Chef Sebastian's wares and a couple of, "Turkey Trotter" Cocktails.
After all the shouting and shooting, the results were as a follows;
1st Place — 46
Terry Barber, Ted Barber, John Barber, & Hap Oakley
2nd Place Gross — 48
Mike Stromberg, Ken Nolan, Martin Karpeh, & Mike Pomarico
3rd Place Gross — 49
John C.G. Brownlie, Hunter Starzee, Myles Clark, & Chris Young
Special Awards:
Men's Closest to the Hole — Thomas A Carey – 7ft. 2in.
Women's Closest to the Hole — Sarah Ward – 10ft. 1in.
I look forward to a continuing happy holiday season and reconnecting with everyone in the Spring. Happy Holidays!
Leigh Notley, the pro at Gardiner's Bay Country Club, reported Tuesday afternoon that Dede Gray just holed in one on the 4th hole.
"You know the one, the one with the pond!," he said in an email to the Reporter.
He said that Dede hit her 7 hybrid 103 yards into the cup and added, "Awesome shot, Dede, Congrats!"
Compliments galore for greens at Island course
The Metropolitan Pro-Pro Team Championship, played over the links of co-hosts Gardiner's Bay Country Club and The Bridge, on October 3 and 4, was won by Carl Alexander and Kirk Satterfield of The Golf Club of Purchase. In a better ball of a team-of-two format, Alexander and Satterfield shot 128, 14 under par. They triumphed by three shots over the teams of Tyler Jaramillo (Seawane Golf Club) and Heath Wassem (Fenway Country Club); and Michael Laudien (Rotella Memorial Golf Club) and Dave Fusco (Patriot Hills Golf Club), who both shot 131.
Alexander and Satterfield began the championship at Gardiner's Bay with a sensational 60, 10 under par. Satterfield, assistant to golf pro Alexander at The Golf Club of Purchase, has been in fantastic form. He recently won the MET PGA Assistants Tour Championship with a sparkling 63 at Rockaway Hunt Club.
He stated after last Monday's round that the Gardiner's Bay greens were the purest putting surfaces he'd played on all year. That opinion was reiterated throughout the field. Pro after pro left the 18th green commenting on the exceptional quality of the greens and what a delight and hidden gem they had discovered in Gardiner's Bay Country Club on Shelter Island. Many of the younger professionals had never been to GBCC and they were wowed with their experience.
Golf clubs represented in the field of competitors included the likes of Shinnecock Hills, Friar's Head, Century, The Creek Club, Quaker Ridge and Deepdale.
The quality of the field wasn't in question. More than 35 of the top 50 professionals in the Metropolitan Section battled through the two rounds. The MET PGA decided to create a ying/yang set-up. The Bridge was set up beastly: there were only four scores in the 60s on Monday. Meanwhile, Gardiner's Bay, the beauty, was set up as a birdie fest. Generous hole locations and immaculate greens led to the field posting a combined 109 under par on Monday — a birdie blitz.
Chance Scheffing and I shot 144 for the 36 holes, a respectable finish that put us in a tie with Bob DeStefano, who teamed up with Dave Gosiewski from Noyac Golf Club. Well played, Bob!
We thoroughly enjoyed hosting the event. Receiving so many unsolicited compliments left, right and center concerning the quality and presentation of the golf course left us all with an incredible feeling of fulfillment and gratification that we belong and we're heading in the right direction.
What a tremendous finish to a great golfing year at Gardiner's Bay Country Club.
The Sessa family continued to positively represent GBCC and topped off a fine year of golf. Samantha Sessa, who is now our youngest-ever club champion, did the double: along with her ladies title here, she won her junior championship at Cherry Valley Country Club in Garden City. Slammin' Sammy made three birdies and an unfortunate triple bogey but shot a sensational level par 72. Not bad for a newly turned 15 year old!
Sam's father Jay, 14-time Gardiner's Bay club champion, recently qualified for the United States Senior Amateur Championship. He was leading qualifier last month at Elmwood Country Club in White Plains, no mean feat in itself. The championship was held at Kinloch Golf Club in Virginia. Kinloch is a sensational golf course. It's currently ranked at 48th in Golf Digest's top 100 courses in America and has been as lofty as 29th, back in 2008.
The format of the championship was 36 holes of stroke-play and then the top 64 moved onto matchplay, a head-to-head knockout. Jay shot very solid rounds of 73, 76 to qualify for the matchplay section and take the 36th seed, a great achievement.
Unfortunately, Jay lost his first round match against Kent Frandsen from Indiana. Frandsen, a member of Pine Valley, the world's number-one golf course, threw four birdies at Jay on the first eight holes, including an 80-foot birdie putt on the par-4 second and a holed 30-yard pitch shot on the par-3 seventh. Jay fought well and was only 2 down at the turn. Jay birdied the 17th to go 1 down but they tied the 18th.
It was a tremendous performance by Mr. Sessa to get into the tournament itself but making the matchplay stages was fantastic.
Congratulations and well played, Jay. An added bonus is that Jay, through his performance, qualifies for the 2012 British Senior Amateur Championship next year at Machynys Peninsula in Southern Wales. We look forward to following your trans-Atlantic trip, Jay.
Back at Gardiner's Bay Country Club, we held our last member tournament of the year, the Mixed Twosomes Team Championship, aka "The Divorce Open!" Several of the ladies finished the round bemoaning their husbands' inability to putt well! But our intrepid group of competitors took on cool temps and stiff blustery winds. The result was impressive. Marc and Melina Wein shot a net 72 to finish 3rd. Kevin and Sue Scanlon, also 72, pipped the Weins by a shot in a card playoff to finish 2nd. 1st net went to Jim and Judy Bennett, who shot a level par 70 to win. Congratulations to the net winners.
However, the biggest round of applause went to Roy and Patti Bumsted, who annihilated the field. They shot 83 to win the gross division by six strokes; their net was 64. It was a remarkable round on a rough day. Although the writing was on the wall, Roy Bumsted had warmed up well for the championship: a couple of days earlier, he had knocked a 7 iron into the hole on the 18th for an eagle two.
Thank you to all our members and their guests who participated in all our tournaments in my first season as head golf professional of Gardiner's Bay Country Club. I feel very honored to hold this position at a wonderful country club in a sensational setting. I continue to fall further and further in love with this Island. We are all privileged to be spending time here!
Thanks again and see you all next spring for more tournaments.


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KMVT Weather Blog
This is what Mother Nature has in store for Southern Idaho over the next seven days. Read more »
It has been hot this month! Some relief is on the way but we'll have to wait until the weekend before it happens. Read more »
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If you're tired of the scorching temperatures you're in luck. Highs will be a bit "cooler" heading into this weekend. Read more »
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Mother Nature will usher in the spring season with rain and wind. Read more »
Spring doesn't start until the 20th but we'll get our first dose of true spring-like weather this week. Read more »
Here is what we expect Mother Nature to dish up over the next seven days. Read more »
It won't be a heat wave but milder weather is on tap for the weekend. Read about it! Read more »
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text:
A flow meter obtains the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and water in a predominantly gas-containing flowing fluid mixture.
The flow meter comprises a water content meter (7) provides a signal representing a measure of the water content of said fluid.
It also comprises a double differential pressure generating (3) and measuring (4) structure, denoted a DDP-unit (2), that provides two measurement signals (6A and 6B) representing two independent values of differential pressure (DP) in said fluid (1).
In addition to the above, the meter also comprises a signal processing unit (8) having inputs (9A-C) for receiving the measurement signals and the water content signal, and a calculation module (10) which calculates values representing the volumetric flow rates of said gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in said fluid.
1. Flow meter capable of measuring the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and water in a predominantly gas-containing flowing fluid mixture (1) comprising
a water content meter (7) for providing a signal representing a measure of the water content of said fluid,
a double differential pressure generating (3) and measuring (4) structure, denoted a DDP-unit (2), for providing two measurement signals (6A and 6B) representing two independent values of differential pressure in said fluid (1), and
a signal processing unit (8) having inputs (9A-C) capable of receiving the said measurement signals and the said water content signal, and a calculation module (10) for calculating values representing the volumetric flow rates of said gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in said fluid.
2. Flow meter according to
3. Flow meter according to
two differential pressure measuring structures arranged to measure differential pressures at two different positions at or near said flow cross section reduction device.
4. Flow meter according to
5. Flow meter according to
wherein the single flow cross section reduction device defines an inlet region, a reduced cross section region and an outlet region,
the DDP-unit (2) comprises a first differential pressure measuring device arranged in one of the said regions, and a second differential pressure measuring device is arranged in another one of said regions.
6. Flow meter according to
7. Flow meter according to
wherein one differential pressure measuring structure is arranged to measure accelerational pressure drop and the other differential pressure measuring structure is arranged to measure pressure recovery.
8. Flow meter according to
wherein the water fraction meter comprises a dielectric permittivity measurement unit.
9. Flow meter according to
wherein the dielectric permittivity measurement unit comprises a microwave resonator.
10. Flow meter according to
comprising a V-cone, and a Venturi tube; said V-cbne being used in a microwave resonator.
11. Flow meter according to
comprising a body placed centrally in the pipe and an orifice; said centre body being used in a microwave resonator.
12. Flow meter according to
wherein the dielectric permittivity measurement unit comprises a capacitance measuring device.
13. Flow meter according to
wherein the dielectric permittivity measurement unit and the differential pressure generating and measuring structures are combined in a common structure.
14. Flow meter according to
where the common structure is a single oblong body, said oblong body being used to both to generate two independent differential pressures and as part of a microwave resonator.
15. Method of measuring the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and water in a predominantly gas-containing flowing fluid mixture (1), providing the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in the stream, wherein the method comprises the steps of
providing a signal (9E) representing a measure of the water content of said fluid using a water content meter (7),
providing measurement signals (5A-D, 6A-B, 9A-B) representing at least two independent values of differential pressure in said fluid using a double differential pressure generating (3) and measuring (4) structure,
supplying the said measurement signals and the said water fraction signal to a signal processing (8) unit having corresponding input channels (9A-E) capable of receiving said signals, and
calculating values representing the volumetric flow rates of said gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in said fluid in a calculation unit (10) of said signal processing unit (8).
This invention relates generally to flow measurements in a fluid flow.
In particular, this invention relates to the measurement of the composition or flow rates of the individual components of a fluid which is a mixture of oil, gas and water, that is, a 3-phase flow.
In the oil industry there is in various situations a need to measure the composition and individual flow rates of a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons, liquid hydrocarbons (oil or condensate) and water, flowing in a pipe. The conventional technique is to separate the fluid in a separator and to measure the flow of each of the components separately. During the last years also so-called multiphase meters have become available, which measure the composition and the flow rates without prior separation [1]. A special case of a multiphase flow is the so-called wet gas flow, which means that the fluid mixture is dominated by the gas phase containing small amounts of liquids. The liquid phase consists of water and of light liquid hydrocarbons (so-called condensate). Usually in a wet gas, the GVF (Gas Volume Fraction) is higher than about 95% vol. When measuring in a wet gas flow application using a multiphase meter, the relative uncertainty achievable for the liquid component flow rates is too high. This applicant has recently developed a wet gas meter that is capable of measuring the water content of a wet gas stream using microwave technology and the wet gas flow rate based on a differential pressure device [2,3]. The amount of liquid hydrocarbons (condensate) has in this first generation wet gas meter been calculated rather than measured. The calculation is based on a priori knowledge about the molecular composition of the hydrocarbon mixture (gas and condensate), using a PVT software package (computer software tool used to calculate thermodynamic properties like densities and gas/liquid ratios of fluids at given temperatures and pressures).
The flow rates of the components of a multiphase flow can be measured with a test separator or a multiphase meter. The test separator is expensive and bulky. Therefore, it is not practical to have a test separator measuring the production continuously on every well, but rather one test separator per oil field. This is especially true at offshore installations. Each well is routed through the test separator at regular intervals. When a well is routed through a test separator, the conditions for the well change, which may influence the production so that the measurement does not represent the average production correctly. A test separator is also slow because of the long settling time. The settling time is particularly long in wet gas applications because of the small liquid fractions and consequently long time required to fill up the separator.
Multiphase meters measure the composition of the flow and the flow speed separately [1]. From these the flow rates are calculated. Multiphase meters can be installed for the continuous, in-line measurement at every location, where measurements are needed. An important application is to install the meter subsea in the seabed production system, which is mainly a skid, mounted on top of a subsea well. If each well in a cluster of wells is equipped with a subsea multiphase meter, one common pipeline can be used to tie the cluster of subsea wells to a production platform, which may be located tens of kilometres from the cluster. The space available for a multiphase meter in a seabed production system is limited. A compact design is therefore an advantage.
A multiphase meter measures four quantities, i.e. the flow speed and the relative fractions of the three components (oil, water, and gas). It usually also needs the temperature, pressure, density of the oil and gas, and the water salinity as input parameters for compensational purposes, but these will be ignored in the following discussion of the main measurements. Theoretically, such a system can be characterized by a set of four equations, of which one equation is that the sum of the three components is 100%. Hence, a multiphase meter must be based on the use of at least three independent measurements. These three measurements can e.g. be a differential pressure (DP) measurement that essentially gives the flow velocity, a dielectric measurement that gives the water content and a nucleonic measurement giving the individual gas/liquid fractions. The uncertainty of the composition measurement used in the ordinary multiphase meters is generally to high for use in a wet gas application.
Different types of multiple DP based 2-phase wet gas meters have been suggested [4-7]. Such meters are based on the measurement of two or more differential pressures over various flow constrictions in a pipe section in order to deduce the gas and liquid rate individually. One of the suggested solutions [4] is e.g. based on a comparison of accelerational pressure drop (i.e. pressure drop caused by the acceleration of the flow) and the permanent dissipative pressure loss over a standard flow sensor (e.g. a Venturi). One disadvantage of this approach, which to a certain degree applies to multiple DP meters in general, is that it is very sensitive to the individual fluid properties. The lack of water fraction measurement in such units is consequently a factor that deteriorates its performance. Another method compares the measured differential pressures over a standard Venturi and a standard orifice [5]. The information contained in the two DP readings of separated Venturi and orifice meters has however often a poor degree of independence meaning that the uncertainty of this method with respect to the liquid detection will be relatively high. Still another solution [6] combines the DP measurements over flow elements that are installed downstream a separate mixing device. Since this solution requires three relatively extensive geometries (Venturi+mixing device+second flow element) installed in series in a pipe, the meter is quite space consuming.
Another approach to the wet gas metering has been used in the Roxar meter [2], utilizing a single DP measurement in combination with a microwave based dielectric measurement. This concept is capable of discriminating between hydrocarbons and water and hence to measure the individual flow rates of hydrocarbons and water. The split between the liquid hydrocarbons and gas is being calculated using a PVT software package (computer software tool used to calculate thermodynamic properties like densities and gas/liquid ratios of fluids at given temperatures and pressures) based on a given hydrocarbon composition.
An important drawback of the existing 2-phase multiple DP solutions is that none of the solutions discriminate between water and liquid hydrocarbons (condensate). In addition to the lack of a measurement of the individual flow rates of water and liquid hydrocarbons, this ignorance will also be associated with an increased uncertainty of the gas and liquid flow rates. The latter effect is caused by the fact that the 2-phase DP models depend on accurate knowledge about fluid properties, in particular the density but also e.g. viscosity and surface tensions. It is e.g., so that in most wet gas applications for the petroleum industry, there is a significant difference in the density of water and of the liquid hydrocarbons. While water has a density of size 1000 kg/m3, the condensate density may be of size 550-750 kg/m3. Ignorance of the water/liquid hydrocarbon fraction will hence be associated with a significant uncertainty of the liquid density (and of other liquid properties) which will in its turn be reflected as an uncertainty of the liquid and gas flow rate measurements.
A limitation of the concept using one single DP measurement in combination with a microwave based dielectric measurement [3] is that a measurement of the liquid hydrocarbon content of the wet gas is missing, and hence there is a requirement for having a-priori knowledge about the hydrocarbon composition.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a flow meter that overcomes the above-mentioned limitations.
In particular it is an object of the present invention to provide a true 3-phase wet gas metering concept that is capable of measuring the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in a wet gas pipe flow.
The objects of the invention are obtained with a flow meter capable of measuring the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in a predominantly gas-containing flowing fluid mixture. A water content meter provides a signal representing a measure of the water content of the fluid. A double differential pressure generating and measuring structure, denote a DDP-unit, provides two measurement signals representing two independent values of differential pressure (DP) in the fluid.
A signal processing unit having inputs capable of receiving the measurement signals and the water content signal includes a calculation module for calculating values representing the volumetric flow rates of said gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in said fluid.
Preferred embodiments of the flow meter are given in dependent claims 2-14.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of measuring the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in a predominantly gas-containing flowing fluid mixture, capable of providing the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in the stream. The method comprises providing a signal representing a measure of the water content of the fluid using a water content meter, providing measurement signals representing at least two independent values of differential pressure (DP) in the fluid using a double differential pressure generating and measuring (DDP) structure, and supplying the measurement signals and the water content signal to a signal processing unit having corresponding input channels capable of receiving the signals. Values are calculated representing the volumetric flow rates of said gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in said fluid in a calculation unit of the signal processing unit.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the appended drawings in which:
The invention is a measuring unit or meter for measuring the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in a predominantly gas-containing flowing fluid mixture that utilizes the combination of two differential pressure measurements in combination with a water content meter 7 (e.g. using a microwave resonator) to measure the individual flow rates of gas, liquid hydrocarbons (oil or condensate) and water in a fluid pipe flow (often denoted wet gas stream) with high resolution.
The gas content can be in the range 90-100 volume-percentage, but will typically be about 95% (volume).
The water content meter 7 provides a signal representing a measure of the water content, in other words the water fraction, of said fluid flow. Two differential pressure measurements are provided by arranging a double differential pressure generating 3 and measuring 4 structures, denoted a DDP-unit 2, for obtaining two independent values of differential pressure (DP) in said flowing fluid 1. A signal processing unit 8 is arranged to receive said measurement signals and said water content signal using input units 9A-C. Input units 9A-C are typically part of the signal processing unit 8. A calculation module is associated with or coupled to said signal processing unit 8 and is adapted to calculate values representing the volumetric flow rates of said gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water in said fluid flow or fluid stream 1.
The signal processing unit 8 will typically either be located at or near a pipe section part or arranged at a remote location, e.g. together with other instrumentation. However, the invention is intended to encompass all solutions where the signal processing unit is arranged at a location which would be considered suitable by those skilled in the art.
The raw data, i.e. the digital or analogue signal representing the measurement signals could be stored in a suitable storage medium, such as a tape recorder, a CD-ROM, DVD-disc, or any other storage medium or electronic, magnetic or optical storage unit commonly known by those skilled in the art, in order that the signal processing is performed at a point in time after the time of recording the measurement signals.
This means that the signal processing could either be performed locally or non-locally, and either in real-time or at any other suitable later time.
In order to provide a better understanding of the theoretical foundations for the invention, a somewhat theoretical introduction is included in the following, in order to enable a person skilled in the art to understand the principles behind the invention.
Any non-uniform section of a pipe will result in a change of the flow speed. Based on the theory of fluid dynamics, the inertia forces required to accelerate a fluid element through such a non-uniform section is associated with a certain differential pressure. This differential pressure is related to the pipe flow rate. Consequently, a measurement of the differential pressure caused by a non-uniform section of the pipe can be used to derive the flow rate. The most frequently used structures for DP measurements are the venturi and the orifice plate. Flow measurements with such structures have been described in the international standard ISO 5167-1 [8].
The single-phase gas rate is generally given by the following standard formula [8], which applies for all the pipe flow accelerational differential pressure devices (e.g. venturi, orifice, V-Cone):
When using DP measurements to find the mass flow in 2-phase wet gas flow, the standard formulas should be corrected for the appearance of liquid in the gas. This is usually done by the introduction of so-called two-phase multipliers that are functions of the individual fractions of gas and liquid and of the density of each of the components. The 2-phase multiplier represents the so-called overreading of differential pressure. The term overreading is used because the differential pressure with liquid present in the gas is higher than it would have been if the gas were flowing alone. The differential pressure overreading is caused by the work performed by the gas in order to accelerate the liquid phase through the flow constriction. The 2-phase multiplier, Φg [9-12]is defined as:
The 2-phase multiplier is a function of the individual fractions of gas and liquid and on the density ratio. It is usually written as a function of the Lochard-Martinelli parameter, XLM as:
Once the gas rate has been found according to (4), the liquid flow rate, Q1, can be calculated as:
To be able to measure the individual gas and liquid flow rates in a wet gas stream using the framework in the above sections, the individual densities of the gas and liquid (ρg and ρ1) as well as the individual fractions of gas (αg) and liquid (α1=1−αg) must be known in advance. The densities can usually be found from pressure and temperature measurements combined with PVT calculations, and for the best accuracy also from an additional measurement of the water fraction, while the individual fractions of gas and liquid may often be unknown and varying.
One building block of the present invention combines two DP measurements, which contain independent information (different Φg functions), to determine the gas/liquid fractions. As a result, a measure of αg, α1 as well as the individual flow rates of gas and liquid can be obtained.
In constructing a double DP device for individual measurement of gas and liquid, it is an essential design criterion that the two DP readings are different in that they contain independent information. The core of constructing a double DP device for the detection of liquid content is that the two differential pressures will react differently to the presence of liquids in the gas.
In general, one could, from Eq. (1) and Eq.(4) write the measured differential pressure in the two differential pressure devices as functions of the gas fraction and of the gas flow rate:
where in the simplest model, C1 and C2 are constants characterizing each differential pressure while Φg1 and Φg2 are respectively the two-phase multipliers of the two differential pressures. According to the framework in the sections above, the differential pressure ratio goes as:
If the two flow meters have a difference in their response with respect to the presence of liquids in the gas, their respective two-phase multipliers will contain independent information, meaning that the differential pressure ratio will be a function (F) of the Lochard-Martinelli number and of the gas fraction and of the individual densities:
When the phase densities are known in advance, the measured differential pressure ratio can hence be used to determine the gas fraction, solving Eqs. (13) and (14) for the gas mass fraction. The liquid fraction is found from the gas fraction, because their sum must be equal to one:
The function F(XLM) is an empirical relation that must be defined for each flow meter device through experimental test.
An important factor in the design of a double DP gas/liquid meter according to this invention is that the two differential pressure variables should contain independent information, which is the case in the experimental series illustrated in
One type of double DP realization (DDP-unit) can be constructed by the use of two topologically different differential pressure (DP) generating structures 20, 21A-C, for example two flow constrictions installed close to each other, for example mounted in series in a pipe section, such that one DP-generating structure disturbs the flow pattern at the other DP-generating structure. This solution utilizes the fact that the DP overreading depends significantly on the flow pattern, i.e. how the liquid phase is distributed in the gas. The overreading is e.g. different if the liquid flows as a thin film at the inner wall of the pipe (annular flow) compared to a case where it flows as droplets immersed in the gas phase (mist flow).
One DP-device can be made by a narrowing of the pipe diameter, while the other DP-device is constructed by the insertion of a body on the pipe. This difference in topology makes a difference in the flow pattern downstream the devices. One DP-device will in this case create a flow pattern immediately downstream the device with radially outward pointing velocity components, while the other DP-device will create velocity components pointing radially inward. Such a difference can be utilized for creating differential pressure overreadings containing independent information that is used to extract flow rate and liquid content. The two DP devices should be installed close to each other in the pipe to maximize the difference between the two. The upstream device will then have a fully developed annular/mist pipe flow regime as its inlet conditions, while the downstream device will have a flow regime at its inlet that is being influenced by the upstream DP-device.
Downstream from the V-cone 20 is a second differential pressure generating device 21A-C, in this example a venturi, for generating a second differential pressure ΔP2. The second differential pressure will be independent of the first differential pressure provided the first (upstream) differential pressure generating device is placed immediately upstream of the second (downstream) differential pressure generating device. A second set of pressure taps 5C, 5D are arranged together with corresponding differential pressure transmitter 6B in order to generate and transmit a signal representing this second differential pressure to the signal processing unit 8.
At the inlet of the first differential pressure (DP) generating device, the flow is more annular-like where the liquid tends to flow as a film. Immediately downstream of the first DP element, on the other hand, there is a flow region with large turbulence, a circulating flow and vortex shedding that tends to mix the liquid into the gas core. When the downstream element (a venturi in the example) is placed immediately downstream of the first device, this situation means that the liquid is entrained more into the gas core at the inlet of the downstream flow meter, a factor that will increase the difference between the two differential pressure devices.
A water content meter 7 is arranged, for example directly coupled with the pipe 30, for generating and transmitting a signal representing the water content of the fluid flow to the signal processing unit 8 via a suitable signal interface 9C coupled to the signal processing unit 8.
The signal processing unit 8 comprises a calculation module 10 for performing the steps in the processing of the signals received from the differential pressure transmitters 9A and 9B and from the water content meter signal interface 9C.
Another realization of the double differential pressure generating device 3 which is a part of the present invention is shown in
A compact version of a double DP device can be constructed by the measurement of two accelerational pressure drops at or near the same flow constriction. The basic physics behind such a realization is based on the difference in inertia of the two phases, due to the difference in density. The flow constriction will typically be a single flow cross section reducing device mounted in said stream 1, such as to vary the cross section of said stream Two differential pressure measuring structures are arranged to measure differential pressures at two different positions along said flow cross section reduction device. The geometry of the DP device (which can also be used as a microwave sensor element) consists of a centred oblong body 24B inserted in the centre of a pipe section 30, as illustrated in
The dependence can be written in the form (10) but the exact form must be established experimentally for each new geometry.
Still another possible solution to the double DP measurement that can be combined with a microwave water fraction meter is to measure and compare the accelerational differential pressure and the pressure recovery over the same flow constriction. This embodiment of the invention thus constitutes an improvement as compared to the type of measurement that is utilized in the patent in Ref. [4] where a venturi meter is utilized for 2-phase gas/liquid flow. The principle of the present invention is however not limited to a venturi but can also be realized using a centred body as the DP element, in which case the flow meter may also comprise a dielectric permittivity measuring unit, for example a microwave measuring unit including a microwave resonator or sensor 40, microwave drive electronics 41 and associated microwave signal processing functions being a part of the signal processing module 8, for example the version whose geometry is illustrated in
A compact version of this principle can be realized by introducing a sudden change in flow cross section (turbulence generating geometry) to an otherwise more smooth geometry and to measure two differential pressures within the reduced flow cross-section. These two differential pressures will then have a certain difference in the relative size of the acceleration and dissipation related differential pressures. Examples of such structures are shown in
In the following section the basics of dielectric permittivity based composition measurements are outlined. When two material components (A and B), (liquid, gas, or solid particles), with different permittivity (εA and εB) are mixed, the mixture has a permittivity εm that is dependent on the mixing ratio α of the two components [14]. The mixing ratio is usually expressed as the total volume of one of the components relative to the volume of the mixture, e.g.
where VA is the volume of component A and VB is the volume of component B in a sample of volume Vm=VA+VB of the mixture. If e.g. A is water and B is gas, αA is the water content (water volume fraction) of the mixture. In the case of the fluid produced in a wet gas well, B may be a known mixture of gas and liquid hydrocarbons, and will therefore be generally called the hydrocarbon component. The way εm depends on αA depends on how the components mix with each other and is therefore specific for these components. As a model for this dependence, a known model [14] may be used, or an empirical calibrated model. The Bruggeman formula [14] has e.g. demonstrated to be a good mixing model in the case of hydrocarbon-water mixtures.
The water fraction (αw) in a hydrocarbon based wet gas can e.g., by the use of the Bruggeman formula be expressed as:
The basics of microwave resonators have been described in e.g. [17].
A microwave resonator can be realized as an electromagnetic cavity between two reflecting discontinuities [17]. When a microwave resonator sensor is implemented in a pipe for the purpose of measuring the permittivity of the fluid that is flowing in the pipe, the discontinuities must have a structure that is open enough so that the fluid can pass through the sensor. One practical type of discontinuity is an increase in the cut-off frequency [17]. If the resonant waveguide has a cut-off frequency that is lower than that of the pipe, and the resonant frequency of the used mode is the same as the cut-off frequency, the energy cannot propagate in the pipe. No other reflecting discontinuity is therefore needed. Microwaves can propagate along a large variety of structures. There is no reason why the structure should even be uniform. Therefore, the cross section of the resonant structure inside the pipe can be different at different locations along the structure. In the case of non uniform structures, the wave mode is inhomogeneous and can generally neither be described by any wave modes known from the literature nor be solved analytically. In such cases, the resonant frequencies and field distributions can be solved approximately by numerical methods using e.g. FEM (finite element method) software. Any structure with a resonant frequency that is lower than the cut-off frequency of the pipe can in principle be used as a resonator sensor [17]. Several examples (based on venturi tubes, orifices, V-Cones) of how to realize a combined geometry to be used as microwave resonator and differential pressure flow meter are described in [3]. One example is the V-Cone geometry shown in
The field is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the gap, making the sensor less flow regime dependent.
Computer simulations of electromagnetic fields using the FEM method as well as measurements have shown a frequency response with a clean and single resonance peak in the actual frequency range, see the example curve in
1) In module 100 and the submodule 110, the individual properties of gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water are calculated based on the measured or given temperature and pressure and on the given molecular composition of gas and liquid hydrocarbons. In module 100 the individual densities (ρ) of gas, liquid hydrocarbons, and water are calculated based on the measured temperature and pressure using empirical models or e.g. from a PVT software module.
In the case of a dielectric measurement of water fraction (
1) In module 200 the composition of the fluid flow is calculated based on the measured differential pressure ratio and the measured water fraction. In the case of a general water fraction meter (
2) In module 300 the gas flow rate is computed from one of the measured differential pressures and from the calculated fractions according to the scheme in Eq. (1)-(5):
3) In module 330 the final step of computing liquid hydrocarbons and water flow rates is performed based on calculated fractions and gas rate:
Based on the supplied input signals, values are calculated 400 for the differential pressure ratio ΔP2′ΔP1, and the permittivity of the mixture, εmix. These calculated values are compared 500 with the measured values. In the case that the calculated values differ from the measured values by less than a given amount, the calculated and measured values are deemed to be equal, and the present input values for the fractions constitute the desired result. In the case that the calculated values and the measured values differ by an amount larger than a given value, a signal is given to the update fractions module in order that a new update or a new calculation of the fractions may be computed. Typically, a computation will be performed using a Newtons method or other similar techniques known to those skilled in the art, based on the measured and estimated values. The new calculated fractions will is then the new input to the calculation and comparison. This iteration will typically be performed a number of times until a solution is obtained, i.e. until calculated quantities are equal to the measured quantities within a given tolerance or a given error margin. The various functions and modules of the signal processing module above will typically be realized as computer program code or software adapted to operate in a signal processing module being a part of a general-purpose computer, microprocessor, or computing device known to those skilled in the art or a custom made embedded microprocessor. A 3-phase wet gas meter can e.g. be realized by a number of different combinations of one of the double DP devices described above in combination with one of the microwave resonators listed in Ref[3], the full content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. A few examples of possible realizations are shown in
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I have a Mark L. Finch married a Arminite Hepnerr in Ventura, Calif. on September 11, 1890. Mark b. June 27, 1863 in Virginia, d. June 1949 place not known. Arminite b. 1872 in Tenn. d. June 1950 place not known. Would someone there please look it up for me and let me know. I am stop at this time. These are my great grandparents and it seems that the family does not want to talk about it.
Thanks for all the help
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Posted 28 September 2012 - 13:17
Yeah, based on today's posts to that bug report, it should land in the next few builds.
The patches have passed review, but it's always possible more issues could be found that hold it back (like Display List based invalidation, it passed review, passed tests, and proceeded to break random things for users when it landed)
Posted 29 September 2012 - 19:42
Did facebook do something or Nightly has gone a lot faster at dealing with messages etc in facebook ?
Even scrolling etc has improved , I mean it feels fast! (Any big thing happened after IonMonkey?)
Posted 30 September 2012 - 04:02
HiDPI should land in tomorrow's build, but it still probably won't run smoothly as there still seems to be some plugin scaling issues. Will give it a try when the update get pushed. I have a feeling I will be back to using chrome by the end of the day if plugin support is too messy.
Many things happened... but I switched to Opera..
But still I will tell you what happened.
Thebes Layer related bug fixed which was holding back azure content acceleration, slow path for gdi fallback fixed, Input slowdown one bug regression from FF16 also fixed.
Now recently DLBI also landed and Stub Installed not to mention HiDPI support for Mac OS X.
Posted 01 October 2012 - 15:15
Posted 04 October 2012 - 09:47
When did FF release Metro version ? (Mouse scrolling doesn't work. need to middle click and autoscroll)


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Welcome to the UNIX Users Association of Southern California
Tricking out your Linux Kernel Networking - John Mitchell
Note, this meetup occurs on the second Thursday of the month , Dec. 13th. Also Q is moving to the building next door. I'll update this annoucement when I get the new... Learn more
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Hosted by: Pedram M.
This Meetup repeats on the 1st Thursday of every month
UUASC-LA 1 going Thu Jan 1, 2015, 7:00 PM UUASC-LA 1 going Thu Feb 5, 2015, 7:00 PM UUASC-LA 1 going Thu Mar 5, 2015, 7:00 PM
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October 8 · 7:00 PMAdrian Otto - Containers for Multi-Cloud ApplicationsAdrian Otto, Principal Architect at RackSpace, returns to UUASC to present a talk that he will deliver in early November at the Openstack Summit in Paris. Here's the... Learn more
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July 3 · 7:00 PMCancelled: UUASC-LA July 2014 MeetupThere is no July UUASC-LA meet up. If you are interested in presenting at UUASC please email leaders [at] uuasc [dot] org .
June 5 · 7:00 PMSteve R. - Autonomous Vehicle ProjectFor the June 2014 UUASC meeting, Steve R. returns to discuss his autonomous vehicle project. This work in process utilizes open source software to build a vehicle that... Learn more
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Amped Wireless 802.11ac Router, Range Extender + USB Adapter
Amped Wireless is one of the early champions of 802.11ac, the upcoming wireless broadband standard. Today, it unveiled three new devices that'll be available in early 2013: the RTA15 High Power Dual Band AC 700mW Wi-Fi Router, REA20 High Power Dual Band AC 700mW Wi-Fi Range Extender, and ACA1 High Power Dual Band AC Wi-Fi USB Adapter ($TBD). Yes, that's a lot of letters and numbers, but summary point: by next year, expect gigabit Wi-Fi speeds thanks to this router, range extender, and USB Adapter.
The RTA15 Router is a beast, packing three dual-band antennas and ten power amplifiers. Users can plug in a USB accessory for wireless connectivity, or hook up five separate wired Internet devices. If you need to broaden the scope of your network, that's where REA20 comes into play. The extender will extend any 802.11a/b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi network, and shares all the same features as the router. Finally there's the USB Adapter—something that'll be a necessary accessory until Apple builds the new standard into its machines. Simply plug ACA1 into one of your Mac's USB 3.0 ports and you're good to go with 802.11ac if you have the proper router in place.
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U.S. stocks and bonds fell in tandem with gold on Wednesday. Minutes from the Federal Reserve's most recent policy meeting provided little clarity on when the central bank might hike short-term interest rates. A recent poll in Switzerland showed less political support for an upcoming vote that would require that country's central bank to ramp up its bullion holdings. Selling in gold also hit miners.
Daily Performance for the Largest ETFs:
Don't hold your breath for voters in Switzerland to reverse slumping gold prices.
On Nov. 30, the Swiss will vote on a referendum to decide whether the Swiss National Bank's mandate should be changed to bulk up on bullion holdings and never sell.
The Wall Street Journal's Andrew Morse reports that support for the measure is dwindling, according to a poll released Wednesday:
The poll, which was conducted by the gfs.bern group, shows 38% of respondents in favor of the Save Our Swiss Gold initiative, down from 44% in an earlier poll. Meanwhile, 47% of respondents said they were against the initiative, up from 39%.
Those results aren't doing gold prices any favors as the yellow metal slid 0.3% to settle at $1,183.60 on Wednesday. The SPDR Gold Shares (GLD) dropped 1.2%.
Deutsche Bank foreign-exchange analyst, Robin Winkler, said last week that a "yes" vote would "carry significant balance sheet risks" for the SNB and weaken the Swiss franc. He said that that "if an affirmative vote was recorded, there is little political leeway to delay or dilute implementation."
From Winkler:
The background to the proposal is concern among conservative observers that the SNB's reduction in its gold reserves in recent years has constituted a plundering of the nation's intergenerational wealth and economic status. The rationale behind a gold reserve ratio is the perceived association of gold-backed currencies with price stability: the exogenously constrained supply of gold is hoped will restrain the central bank in its creation of fiat money.
S&P Dow Jones Indices and MSCI plan to carve out real-estate investment trusts from the financial sector, creating an 11th category for stocks starting in 2016.
The announcement, made last week, is big one for the indexing world, as it will majorly shift the composition of index-tracking mutual and exchange-traded funds. For instance, shares of Vornado Realty Trust (VNO) will fall out of ETFs such as the Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLF) and others that adhere to the so-called Global Industry Classification Standard.
"Investors told us that there are significant differences between public Real Estate and Financial companies," said Remy Briand, Managing Director and Global Head Equity Research at MSCI, in last week's release.
A sector hasn't been added since the so-called GICS was launched in 1999, says Victor Lin from Credit Suisse's trading strategy unit. Mortgage REITs will retain their "financial" sector designation.
Lin notes that REITs make up about 14% of the S&P 500 financials sector. Interestingly, REITs carry even more heft in the mid- and small-cap spaces; REITs account for 43% of S&P Mid Cap financials and 35% of the S&P 600 Small Cap financials.
Credit Suisse estimates that about $23 billion in ETF assets will be affected by change, which could result in $3.8 billion in REIT selling. For now, it's all slated to happen on Aug. 31, 2016, though the timing could change.
Booting REITs out of the S&P 500 financial sectors will trim the dividend yield of the sector to an estimated 1.5% from 1.7%, Lin says, based on current figures.
Markets seem a bit unsure what to make of the minutes of the most recent Federal Reserve meeting, but the first moves lean toward the dovish side of the ledger.
Stocks' knee-jerk reaction is to move higher while Treasury prices ticked higher from session lows in the minutes after the Fed's minutes. The dollar looks to have had the biggest move after the minutes, falling to session lows. The PowerShares DB US Dollar Index Bullish Fund (UUP) drops 0.2%.
The Wall Street Journal's Jon Hilsenrath characterizes the minutes as "preoccupied at an October policy meeting with tumult in financial markets, weak economic conditions abroad and risks that low inflation could drift lower."
October minutes from the Fed's policy-setting committee meeting also showed a debate surrounding the use of "considerable time" in referencing the target range for hiking interest rates:
"Some participants preferred to eliminate language in the statement indicating that the current target range for the federal funds rate would likely be maintained for a "considerable time" after the end of the asset purchase program. These participants were concerned that such a characterization could be misinterpreted as suggesting that the Committee's decisions would not depend on the incoming data.
Goldman Sachs' economics research team on Wednesday published a detailed, forward-looking report on the key big-picture themes investors will wrestle with in the new year.
Dominic Wilson and his team walk through the broader economy, why high valuations don't mean U.S. stocks due for a sharp fall, why oil could still be on the way down.
At the end of 2015, Goldman sees the S&P 500 at 2100; the 10-year Treasury at 3% and gold at $1,050 an ounce.
Here are the 10 themes broken down into digestible bites and excerpts:
Are investors too bulled up on Japan and Abenomics?
Very possibly. At least according to a recent survey tallied by Bank of America Merrill Lynch Chief Investment Strategist Michael Hartnett.
A survey* of more than 160 fund managers found that 27% are most optimistic on the prospects of Japan's market over the next year, the highest proportion of respondents since 2005.
At the same time, enthusiasm for Eurozone stocks is on the wane as the Continent grapples with disinflation, central bank discord and flagging economic growth.
Hartnett writes that allocations have swung as widely to Japan's favor versus Europe seven times since 2001. In all seven instances, "Eurozone equities went on to outperform" over the next five weeks, by an average margin of 5.8%.
The survey found that cash levels are sitting at around 4.7%, enough to potentially lure investors into adding to risky positions. Hartnett's takeaway: "Don't be too greedy…'strong $' plays (e.g. long Japan, short oil) now very crowded."
After years of stagnation, investors started pumping money into stocks in late 2012 as the country embarked on "Abenomics," a bundle of aggressive economic stimulus measures that caused the country's stock market to soar from late 2012 through the middle of 2013.
Enthusiasm for Japan's stock market was rekindled last month after a surprise announcement from the Bank of Japan that it will ramp up its monetary easing measures and the country's massive Government Pension Investment Fund said it would cut its bond positions in favor of stocks.
Money has been pouring into Japan-themed ETFs such as the iShares MSCI Japan ETF (EWJ), WisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund (DXJ), iShares Currency Hedged MSCI Japan (HEWJ) and the Deutsche X-trackers MSCI Japan Hedged Equity ETF (DBJP) in recent weeks.
One manager specifically singled out DXJ in a recent Barron's ETF roundtable.
*The survey was conducted between Nov. 7 and 13 and polled 166 managers who oversee a collective $431 billion.
Exchange-traded funds full of heavy-metals miners are sinking today after Cliffs Natural Resources (CLF) said it might need to bite the bullet and close down a key project.
The SPDR Metals & Mining ETF (XME) drops 3.4% as Cliffs drops 14%. Kevin Kingsbury reports for Dow Jones Newswires that Cliffs' new management team said it will review options for its Eastern Canada operations, including Quebec's Bloom Lake iron project, which could cost between $650 million and $700 million.
Iron ore prices hit five-year lows on Wednesday, Reuters' Manolo Serapio, Jr. reports. For ore, as with other falling commodities such as oil, the storyline is the same: the market is flooded with supply at the same time that demand is shrinking. Says Reuters:
"Iron ore has lost nearly half its value this year, hit hard by a slowing economy in top consumer China. Analysts are ruling out any Chinese restocking that typically supports prices towards the end of each year."
Precious-metals miners, recently beaten up, are also falling on Wednesday following a streak torrid rebound rallies. In a continuation of wild trading, traders have noted divergence between heavy metal miners and gold miners in recent days. The Market Vectors Junior Gold Miners ETF (GDXJ), Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (GDX) and Global X Silver Miners ETF (SIL) all were riding three-day gains of more than 10% before pulling back on Wednesday.
The geared (and extremely risky) Direxion Daily Gold Miners Bull 3x Shares (NUGT) soared a whopping 43% over the past three days. It gave back 12% on Wednesday.
Precious-metals miners have risen in tandem with a rebound in gold, but far have outperformed the yellow metal by degree. Over three days, the SPDR Gold Shares (GLD) had gained 3% before stepping back 1.5% on Wednesday. ETF traders have been using the word "squeeze" to refer the traders scrambling to buy back shares of GDX and GDXJ they had borrowed for short-sales.
"We have been watching a massive squeeze in the gold miners," writes Dave Lutz, head of exchange-traded fund trading at JonesTrading Institutional Services, on Wednesday.
Daily Performance for the Largest ETFs:
Home-builder shares have mostly disappointed this year as the housing market struggled to gain traction.
Sam Stovall, U.S. equity strategist at S&P Capital IQ, says the sector is turning a corner and heading higher over the next year. Housing numbers are looking solid, he says, noting that job security for more Americans will likely feed the housing market:
"After trading near its relative lows from November 2013 through May 2014, the group now appears to be gaining upward momentum from continuously encouraging housing data, likely positively influenced by the downward trend in the unemployment rate, as well as the uncertainty surrounding the timing of the initiation of the Fed's rate tightening cycle."
Both the iShares U.S Home Construction exchange-traded fund (ITB) and SPDR S&P Homebuilders ETF (XHB) rose Tuesday after National Association of Home Builders said confidence rose this month, the fifth period in a row of expansion.
The ITB is now up 10% over the past month, though gains are barely positive for the year.
Tuesday ushered in the first of several key housing data points this week, including sales of existing homes, permits for new ones and starts made in the construction of new homes.
"Home-building companies see good demand for homes, particularly at the high end, and in the more attractive markets in Texas, the Carolina, and California. Demand at the lower end, which often comes from the first time buyer, remains muted, mainly due to lower availability of mortgage financing."
Stovall's optimism is fundamental in nature, but the technical pictures has brightened as well. Both the ITB and XHB have plowed through their so-called 200-day moving averages after doing battle with these resistance points for the better part of two weeks.
Still, Barron's Michael Kahn pointed out earlier this month, there is formidable resistance ahead:
"For the rally to continue past that point, however, it would have to push through a very strong price ceiling set by the February high and the May 2013 high. Given its two-year history of lackluster performance and absence of any momentum or cumulative volume support, that seems unlikely at this time."
Exchange-traded funds that bulk up on companies that repurchase shares have been big winners. But has the market gotten wise?
John Authers writes in the Financial Times that U.S. companies will buy $450 billion of their own stock in 2014, citing data from Goldman Sachs. For perspective, that is fully 50% more than flows from mutual funds or ETFs.
Authers notes the strong showing by two ETFs that specialize in buying back shares. One is the $2.7 billion Powershares Buyback Achievers ETF (PKW), which tracks the shares of companies that repurchase 5% or more of their stock over 12 months. The other is the $150 million TrimTabs Float Shrink ETF (TTFS), which owns companies with a history of buybacks and other corporate actions that reduce shares outstanding.
Both ETFs have routinely beaten the S&P 500 in recent years, but the spell seems to be wearing off. The PWK trails the S&P 500 this year while TTFS is roughly line with the broader market.
For Authers, the shift seems ominous if it pressures companies to continue more buybacks at higher prices.
"Both these ETFs lag behind the S&P slightly this year, suggesting traders know who the big buyback companies are, and have priced this in. Buybacks from these companies are now expected. If this opportunity for outperformance may be closing, the message is still that it behoves them to shrink their float if they can. Otherwise, punishment could be in store."
Investors tend to be at loggerheads about whether large companies should pump capital into growing their businesses or buying back shares (sometimes borrowing to do it). Buybacks bolster a company's per-share earnings, but they also might shortchange growth.
Corporate buybacks have been a major force behind the recent rally in U.S. stocks. In September, The Wall Street Journal's Dan Strumpf reported that buyback activity from companies like Apple (AAPL) and International Business Machines (IBM) in the first half of the year was the heaviest since 2007. This stock-price impact for companies that repurchase shares has been amplified in thinner overall trading volumes, the WSJ reported.
More recently, Authers argues that that buybacks have both magnified per-share profits and supported the overall market. He wonders when buying shares will become prohibitively expensive, and if a reduction in buybacks will in turn pull the rug out from market and profits.
As exchange-traded funds and other investing vehicles have ballooned in number, the task of figuring out what works well and what doesn't has only gotten harder. Barrons.com's Focus on Funds looks under the hood of ETFs, mutual funds and hedge funds for overlooked values, actionable ideas and the latest pitfalls for fund investors.
Chris Dieterich has covered the U.S. stock market for The Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires. He is a graduate of Regis University and the Missouri School of Journalism.
Write to Chris at email@example.com


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BAK ProCaps Bed Caps & Tailgate Caps PCM6N
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Jamar I. Sampson, Grady-White Boats/E.R. Lewis Family Unit
Jamar is the Director of Education at the Grady White Boats/E.R. Lewis Family Unit. His role allows him to provide academic enrichment activities to our members as well as work with them in the school. He has been with the organization for one year and three months and previously served as assistant teen director at the Jack-Minges Unit. He is a graduate of East Carolina University and has a passion for mentoring our youth.
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Mariah is one of our outstanding members. She has attended the Grady-White Boats/E.R. Lewis Family Unit for two years and is now in third grade. She loves doing Stride Academy online and her scores are always in the highest percentile for her age group. She is always willing to lend a helping hand to leaders and our other members.
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Bogs Bowman Hunting Boots - The 16? Bogs™ Bowman offers durability and protection during the most rugged of hunting conditions. Lined with 6mm of Neo-Tech™ and the new Max-Wick™ lining plus Airmesh to achieve warmth without bulk.
Bogs Bowman Hunting Boots - The Bowman provides more insulation than other brands' ?lite? boots while weighing in at a mere 2.6 lbs per boot. The heel kick on the back makes it easy to get them off. This boot will keep you up and out of the cold.
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i hope miller wins
UFC 100: Mac Danzig vs Jim Miller
Updated: April 10, 2009
TUF 6 winner Mac Danzig (18-6-1) will likely take on Jim Miller (13-2) at UFC 100 on July 11th from Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas.
According to MMAJunkie, the fight has been agreed upon and is close to being finalized.
Danzig is coming off a hard fought loss to Josh Neer at UFC Fight Night 17.
Miller is also coming off a unanimous decision loss to Gray Maynard at UFC 96.
Both fighters are well rounded and explosive, which should make for a fight at UFC 100.
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3 Comments
Sweet fight. I'm for Danzig in this one.
they definetly arent giving danzig any easy fights should be a good one miller is for real.


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All the women like to look beautiful and pretty and they want to have fashion sense. Some of them want to look dressed classically to look old fashioned and trendy. It is not necessary that every person follow the modern trends of the dresses or they handle them well and efficiently.
You can check the complete wardrobe to check the fashionable dress maintaining the class and style of the dresses. You do not care for the expensive brand or the costly accessories. It depends…
At Westfield London Shopping Centre over the weekend, a new pink hair was debuted by Rita Ora. Apart from that, the 23-year-old singer also had other bold makeup styles like a statement-making and lovely nude lip and over-the-top falsies. This look can be achieved by starting with a use of tinted moisturizer or foundation for a fair-complexion in the start and mattify the effect with pouring powder over it. As a primer, use a little…
Women and girls like to use oils on their bodies to moisturize their skin. But the oily skin has enough oil can create problems and also gives the messy look of your personality. The women feel problems in wearing the makeup over the oily skin so they try various tips to remove oil from their bodies and make them dry for having wonderful makeup.
There are some women, who use the EE cream, then they shifted to BB cream and these creams are wonderful with excess oil on the face. The women should remember that BB creams are overachieving from the moisturizer. All these creams are…
The people, who want to go on the warm weather vacations or wedding, then they should consider for loss of their weight. Tracey Mallett is the founder of The Booty Barre suggested the simple tips for loosing weight and get smart in few days. The people should learn these tips, which are perfect to lose the weight.
1. Make it a mix: If you want to loose the weight, then you should not leave the use of lifting weights. The people should combine the strength training activity…
The women have to face the consequences of the bad habits. The women should know that what should they do when they indulge in the bad habit. The women should use the Olay Fresh Effects and they should know about the right and wrong way to culminate the bad habits.
The women should know about their bad habits and they should feel guilty over the bad habits. Nobody in the world is free of mistakes or bad habits so the women make their selfies and check the flaky skin or the dark complexions then they should adjust the skin according to their skin care treatments to get better look. To…
There are different things, which have the direct concern with your health and wellness of the skin. These products are also used in different problems like sleep, stress and hormones. These products have the great impact on your skin, its nourishment, and these are also good for the dark spots and blemishes. All these foods have the dramatic effects on the skin, when these are used or eaten and it can be avoided.Avoid: Dairy: There are different dairy products, which can…
6. Determine the Natural Tone Of Skin:
Those ladies should be extra colorful to apply makeup for blonde hair who have naturally hazel/ brown eyes with olive/ little dusky skin tone. Your skin tone should match that of the blonde's as it allows you to choose makeup color style. For an overall balance to look, the best makeup for blonde hair should contain neutrals and pinks even if you have a dark skin tone with dark brown eyes and blonde hair.
Ladies with fair complexion…
Many celebrities make themselves elegant and different from other people when they attend the parties by making use of wonderful and unique dresses along with superb hairstyles. They reach the red carpet shows and parties in their showy cars and use their hard-earned money to make their hairstyles beautiful and wonderful. By paying taxes, they participate in nation-building and also give their time and wealth to the needy to become the member of the humanity. Majority of the celebrities try to look pretty and wonderful by spending their money on fashionable hairstyle and dresses. To enhance beauty and attractiveness in their personalities, they mostly…
During the fashion shows, the sneaker trend was getting popular and the athletic look of the body and hair look beautiful and stunning. During this season, the women look beautiful with ponytail, which shows that you left the gym. The use of the Antonio Corral Calero and Cushnie et Ochs for Moroccanoil was used for the creation of the high ponytail and it can go down with the shape of dry ponytail. There was the cool with pouf and the women can create the clear elastic at the end of the puffs then it can pin on the back of the head. At the Alexander Wnag, the…
Wrinkles are common problems for most of the young girls. With the growing in age, they face the problems of wrinkle and they try to get rid of the wrinkles. They try different products to protect their face and skin from the wrinkles as well as get the glowing skin. They should try the homemade wrinkle free tips.
1. Lay Your Hands on Egg White:
The women should apply the egg white on the skin and let it there for about 15 minutes then they should rinse…
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New answers tagged microphones
If you get a regular mic with XLR output, you'll also need to buy a preamp/audio interface. A USB mic has this built in, you just plug it straight into the computer and you're good to go. For beginners this is typically the way to go, as it's simpler and usually cheaper. I highly recommend any of the Blue USB microphones. I personally have several Blue ...
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1 person found this helpful
"great people, challenging hours, lots of travel "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Deloitte full-time (more than 3 years)
Deloitte was a great work enviroment in terms of the management, development opportunities, and exposure to work on big clients. The caliber of colleges is top notch; the client experience is excellent and can provide a stepping stone for your career.
some of the cons include heavy travel. I was traveling 100% of the time for my entire time at deloitte. The pay was low as well, based on this type of travel
better compensation for mid level consultants
6796 Other Employee Reviews for Deloitte (View Most Recent)Sort: Rating Date
12 people found this helpful
"Deloitte is out of Touche "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Deloitte full-time (more than an year)Pros
1. Good place for recent graduates to start their career
2. Compensation when you start is competitive
3. Great training programs available
4. Easy to get a higher paying job once you are ready to leaveCons
The following comments apply to experienced hires in the Federal practice based out of Rosslyn, VA. My understanding is that people have had more positive experiences in Commercial.
1. The only way you will succeed at Deloitte is by embracing it as a life style. Want to become a partner/principal one day? Don't expect to go home at 6 pm and be done for the day and have a separate life after work. Your friends will need to be Deloitte employees, the activities you do will need to be Deloitte sponsored, the words you use will need to conform to Deloitte culture (e.g., what's your elevator speech; how are you building "eminence", have you defined your personal brand?).
2. Just a fraction of your year-end evaluation is based on the work you do for the client. Leadership without a doubt cares more about "internal contribution" than actual consulting. Meaning you don't have to deliver spectacular results to the people who are really paying your salary, but you do have to write white papers (which no one reads), do proposal work, and perform community service. I understand that every job has superfluous tasks, but at Deloitte you are really expected to do at least two full time jobs.
3. Leadership is non-existent. I was on several projects and there was virtually no interaction with people at the director level. After several years at the firm I still had no idea what they even did as I slaved away. To their credit, once in a while, e-mails from executives I'm supposed to know would stream into my Inbox touting the great sucesses of the firm. The nail in the coffin was when I resigned. Deloitte no longer has an exit interview process; they clearly don't even care about why people are leaving in droves and what they can do to make it a better place to work.
4. Performance increases are dismal, except for those who get the highest possible year-end rating (corporate drones who have dedicated their life to the "green dot"). If you choose to join, be sure to negotiate a really good base salary because it won't be going up much.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Become more human.Doesn't RecommendNeutral OutlookNo opinion of CEO
"Long hours, great exposure, highly competent people "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Deloitte full-time (more than an year)Pros
Fantastic experience within the audit and accounting realm. I learn something new everyday and constantly build my network and professional skills.Cons
As an associate, you are paid lower than your peers in the corporate world while working longer hours and performing more important work across several LOB's.RecommendsNeutral OutlookNo opinion of CEO


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The gold award medals come in counts of 12 that have 10" ribbons and 1" medals. The gold award medals are perfect for awards for school events, sports, birthdays and more. These award medals are made of a quality plastic. The gold medal says "winner" on one side with a star on the other. The ribbon is red, white and blue and made of quality cloth.
" I received the balloons today. One was chocolate brown, but the other package was emerald green so I called the company and told them. They are... "


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A snowfall warning has been issued for Edmonton, St. Albert and Sherwood Park with 10 to 20 centimetres expected. After the city is pummelled by snow Wednesday night, frigid Arctic air will drop daytime highs into the -20 C range over the weekend, Environment Canada said on its website.
For three weeks, Dr. John Fankhauser and his family lived in two RVs in a meadow in North Carolina, watching movies, playing cards and huddling around a fire pit — with no other campers around.
A new study says that women who have donated a kidney are at higher risk of developing gestational hypertension or a potentially dangerous condition called pre-eclampsia during pregnancies that follow the donation.
Giles Cooper is not a vain man. But having recently had a double mastectomy, he finds it painful to contemplate in the mirror the absence of nipples on his chest, and the sizeable scar that runs from one side to the other.
Middle-aged people in England will be screened by family doctors for their risk of dementia and told how their "brain age" compares to their biological age, under new plans to "scare" people into adopting healthier lifestyles.
The bully is a stock character in television and film. But too often pop culture gets it wrong.
Sperm can survive for several days, so pre-ovulation sex can lead to pregnancy.
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Pärnu, Estonia
Ranna pst 5, 80010 Pärnu, Estonia – Show map
Excellent location – rated 9.2/10! (score from 452 reviews)
Rated by guests after their stay at Rannahotell.
|Room Type
|Presidential Suite with Sea View
|Captain Suite with Sea View
|Twin Room with Balcony and Sea View
|Superior Room
|Single Room
|Standard Double Room
|Standard Twin Room
|Double Room with Balcony and Sea View
|Family Room
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452 verified reviews
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Rannahotell's staff speaks: Russian, Finnish, Estonian, Spanish, English
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Grounds, Terrace, Sun Deck
Pool Table, Hiking, Cycling, Sauna, Massage, Beachfront, Bicycle Rental, Playground
Food & Drink
Bar, Breakfast in the Room, Restaurant with Dining Menu, Special Diet Meals (upon request)
WiFi is available in public areas and is free of charge.
Free public parking is available on site (reservation is not needed).
Room Service, Packed Lunches, Car Rental, Shuttle Service (surcharge), Airport Shuttle (surcharge), 24-Hour Front Desk, Ticket Service, Baggage Storage, Laundry, Dry Cleaning, Shoeshine, Daily Housekeeping, Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Fax/Photocopying, Hair/Beauty Salon, Honeymoon Suite
Newspapers, Safe, Non-smoking Rooms, Family Rooms, Elevator, Heating, Hypoallergenic room available, All Spaces Non-Smoking (public and private), Designated Smoking Area
Russian, Finnish, Estonian, Spanish, English
Until 12:00 PM
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check what conditions apply to your preferred room.
Children and Extra Beds
All children are welcome.
One child under 6 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One child under 2 years stays free of charge in a crib.
One child from 7 to 17 years is charged EUR 18 per person per night in an extra bed.
One older child or adult is charged EUR 25 per person per night in an extra bed.
The maximum number of extra beds/cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are not allowed.
Cards accepted at this property
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Ammende Villa Hotel & Restaurant
The 4-star Strand Spa Hotel is located in Pärnu resort, just a 10-minute walk from the beach and the center of the city.
Score from 1262 reviews Good
Just a short walk away from the beach and the centre of Pärnu, Spa Hotel Viiking offers modern rooms and a spa area with an indoor pool.
Score from 840 reviews Good
Part of the Tervis Medical Spa complex, this hotel enjoys an ideal condition close to the beautiful sandy beaches of Pärnu, Estonia's summer capital.
Score from 364 reviews Good
Offering an outdoor and an indoor pool, Hedon Spa & Hotel, opened in June 2014, is located in Pärnu. Free Wi-Fi access is available. It is located only 50 metres from the beach.
Score from 394 reviews Excellent
Right next to the sea. Good wifi. Quiet place (in autumn). Great breakfast. Good location, almost in the centre of city. A great place to have a peaceful time.
In the breakfast time, background music was only one song.. Beautiful, but one.. Gets on nerves..
The service and staff The location, right on the beach The overall design of the hotel The lobby bar
My room, although a suite, had an open shower which I personally find uncomfortable
Nice staff, good food, great location, clean.
It was really cold everywhere, except the room (where one could regulate the temprature according to needs).
Directly on the beach, great views. Interior design and architecture amazing 1930 Bauhaus style.
Close to a cool beach bar. In summer it can get quite noisy at night.
The hotel is smack on the beach front. Its modernist 1920s architecture is carefully preserved, even in the furniture. Great views from the room's balcony and the bar terrace
understaffed bar and restaurant, small rooms, facilities
Loved the breakfast
The building, the cooking. The localitation in front of the see
The tv is very old, in general the facilities are old ( bat in good conservation)
The staff was extremely helpfull and engaged. They created a more than acceptable alternative when I did not like the double room that was booked and the receptionists sang for me on my birthday! Really lovely, and the breakfast is impressive and offers the broadest range we ever had in the seven Hotels we visited during our stay in three Baltic countries!
We were extremely unlucky with the weather but the staff was very helpful with recommendations on what to do instead of lying on the beach ...
location on the beach is fantastic. lobby bar area was pleasant.
building is very old. room walls are super thin and I could hear everything in the neighboring rooms and halls. which means I did not get any sleep. almost everything in the room and around the hotel reminded me of "old"... and not in a good way. and, it should be noted that I paid extra to get the "nicer" room with the sea view and terrace. we will not stay here again.
one of the best hotel breakfasts ever right on the beach
old-fashioned interior
This is not a good comment, but everything was nice. Good atmosphere, exterior, interior and great breakfast. This is place where I would like to return.
Right onto the beach Big balcony looking onto the sea Nice breakfast on the terrace Friendly and helpful reception staff who called a local attraction for me when I enquired.
For the money the hotel should have more facilities. The room needs upgrading as the furniture was poor.
Great position right on the beach, rich breakfast and very nice staff
Room a bit small and bed with one side against the wall
Location, staff, breakfast!!!!
Hotel room a bit outdated but hotel scheduled for renovation in 2015!
Delicious snails and house wine. Generous portion of octopus and relatively inexpensive. Pleasant atmosphere. Breakfast is typical of hotels, but the coffee was outstanding. Pleasantly surprised that salmon was served for breakfast. A real treat. Fabulous sunset at evening and shallow, sloping beach with lovely noise of breaking waves.
The room (325) had some noise like a dull roar from a large exhaust fan. I am not used to hearing this noise but it may have been the sea. I became used to it anyway.
Location, The looks
No aircondition, no ramps for trailer luggage!!!!!. old fashion interior in rooms ( not in the good way :-)
Good food and the staf very nice...
Poor ventilation and the bed not good.
restorant, food
Location is excellent! Staff is very friendly and helpful!
Value for money paid is very poor! Rooms need renovation badly! Even sanitary renovation would make things better. Although the location is superb, I wouldn't recommend this hotel for this money! Renovation will be started presumably in autumn 2015, until then - stay away, unless you get it with half if the price they ask now!
Good breakfast, great sea view
Location is the great! Hotel situated right next to beautiful Parnu beach. Breakfast was fairly good.
Family rooms on 1st floor got no balcony - we had no chance leaving our kid asleep and enjoy the evening with glass of wine on the balcony.. Room 101 needs hard floor clean -up and shower panels repair. When I went to sleep, I realized, that someone before us were laying in that bed, leaving sand all over the sheet... what a fail... We paid 195 euro for 1 night.. I feel robbed. Don't trust pictures from hotel website!!!
Location of the hotel is excellent. You are in a beach in a seconds and the old town is in walking distance. Family room was good size. Breakfast was good.
More ventilation or air condition would have been nice, it was very a hot day and night.
We got big family room. It was biggest hotel room I have ever seen!
Wonderful location right on the beach.
Close location to the beach. Nice view. A little small rooms but the rooms will be renovated in 2015. Friendly personnell. Good massage.
A little slow service in the restaurant, but it was not of such importance as we were on holiday
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RG Steel,
Sparrows Point,
Alcan Primary Products,
A.B. Filicko,
Adey Sanchez & Lewis Industrial Services,
BWI Sparrows Point,
Chesapeake Specialty Products
Chris Prentice
NEW YORK RG Steel LLC is seeking to recover more than $6.1 million in payments made to a number of product and service suppliers in the three months before the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, according to documents filed in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Delaware.
Sparrows Point, Md.-based RG wants to recover payments to at least 29 companies that date to its bankruptcy "preference period" of March 2 to May 31, 2012.
RG Steel is seeking approximately $1.96 million from South Jordan, Utah-based Alcan Primary Products Co. LLC, doing business as Alcan Ingot Products Corp. The companies with the next-highest payment tallies are Sparrows Point-based BWI Sparrows Point LLC at $883,787; Dundalk, Md.-based Adey Sanchez & Lewis Industrial Services Inc. ($677,522); Baltimore-based A.B. Filicko Co. Inc. ($318,048); and Sparrows Point, Md.-based Chesapeake Specialty Products Inc. ($298,221).
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The Korean producers 'seem to think they have a good case, but personally I wouldn't get overly confident.'
--OCTG trader