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First published in the journal of the University of Limerick History Society, History Studies, vol.6 (2005), pp.2-17.
The small fourteenth-century Florentine panel in the Hunt Museum, Limerick, shows an image of the Crucifixion. Beside the cross the Virgin falls in a swoon, supported by one of the holy women and St John the Evangelist. At the other side of the cross the Roman centurion and soldiers are seen. Kneeling at the foot of the cross is St Clare (d.1253), recognized by her Clarissan nun's habit and halo, and beside her is a Franciscan friar who does not have a halo. Very little is known about the panel: it is, despite its gold background, painted in a realistic manner with bulky figures and little Byzantine like stylisation. The figures show the clear influence of Giotto (1266-1336) and the panel is in fact attributed to the shop of one of his pupils, Bernardo Daddi (d.1348). The dominant position of St Clare and the Franciscan friar indicate that it probably originated from a Clarissan convent or Franciscan friary and the small scale of the panel suggests that it was the side wing of a triptych.1
This article does not seek to prove the panel's authorship, secure its exact date, or place it within the oevure of Bernardo Daddi and his shop. For the purposes of this discussion the author accepts that the panel is Florentine and influenced by the work of painters such as Giotto, Taddeo Gaddi (1300-1366) and Bernardo Daddi. Instead, this article will seek to place the iconography of the panel within the framework of devotional iconography, the role of women within late medieval piety and female attitudes towards the Crucifixion, the Eucharist and the body. With the exception of St Clare's presence – to which I shall return later – there is nothing unusual about the iconography depicted here. The focus on the suffering, dying Christ is typical of the late medieval interest in the pains of the Passion which replaced an earlier iconography of Christ triumphant on the Cross.2 The iconography of the Crucified Christ with angels catching blood from his wounds with chalices is clearly Eucharistic, reminding the viewer that the body and blood of Christ would be consumed in the form of Communion during the Mass said in front of the altar. Frequently in Crucifixion scenes like this, St Mary Magdalen is depicted clutching the bottom of the cross, but in Franciscan imagery she was often replaced by St Francis. Here instead she is replaced by St Clare and not the male St Francis, patron of the friar's own order. The small scale of the Franciscan friar and St Clare, and their anachronistic presence transform a narrative scene depicting a scriptural event into a devotional one where the viewer is invited to contemplate the Crucifixion as they do.
St Clare and the friar are explicit signs of the Franciscan order but Franciscan ideals are implicit in the overall imagery of the panel. The late middle ages saw what has been characterized as an 'explosion' of lay piety and new devotional movements. Influenced by developments such as the papal reform of Gregory VII (c.1081-85) and the writings of individuals such as the Cistercian St Bernard of Clairvaux (d.1153), devotion began to centre upon the a human, suffering Christ instead of Christ the Judge.3 The growth of a cult to the Virgin Mary was closely tied to these developments and to Bernardine writings. Emphasis shifted from a sacramental and often remote religion to one where the laity was encouraged to meditate on and emphathise with the Gospel narratives. St Francis (c.1181-1226) – who was himself both a product of and an influence on this piety – led a life in which he imitated, as literally as possible, the life led by Christ.4 For Francis this meant absolute poverty and the renunciation of all possessions, summed up by both his critics and supporters as the vita apostolica or apostolic life. Francis' life also involved emotional involvement in the sufferings of Christ and the humanity that Christ redeemed, and a love of the natural world as a sign of God's creation. The imitation of Christ practiced by Francis of Assisi was rewarded by the physical imprimatur of God's approval. In 1224, while staying at the remote hermitage of la Verna in Tuscany, Francis received the five wounds of Christ on his own body and became the first saint in church history to bear the stigmata.5
Although the original ideals of Francis were soon compromised by the growth of a large religious order, the Franciscans maintained an emphasis on emotionally involving oneself with the life of Christ through prayer, meditation and imitation. The Franciscans, and their fellow Mendicant Order, the Dominicans, also emphasised spreading the word of God through preaching in the vernacular in market squares and other public places in the city states of medieval Italy.6 Unlike earlier religious orders which had based their regimes on seclusion from the world, the Franciscans and Dominicans usually settled on the industrial working class outskirts of cities in order to preach to as wide an audience as possible. Popular preachers such as the Franciscan St Bernardino of Siena (1380-1444), the Dominican Fra Giovanni Dominici (1355-1419), and, perhaps most famously, Fra Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498), repeatedly filled great cathedrals and urban spaces with crowds. Their sermons were simple, direct, entertaining, and frequently fiery.
Typical of this new 'affective' piety were new devotional texts, often instructing the reader or listener (for texts were often read aloud) in religious history and advocating that the reader/listener imagine him/herself to be physically present at narrative stages in the life of Christ or the Virgin. One such text was the Meditations on the Life of Christ, for a long time attributed to the Franciscan saint, Bonaventure (1221-1274). This was diffused widely and emphasised a direct emotional relationship between the reader/listener and the figures of the narrative. Written for a Clarissan nun, it advised the reader to imagine such scenes as her holding the Christ Child against her cheek.7 The text is essentially a narrative of the Life of the Virgin and Christ, interspersed with direct invocations to the reader to imagine herself present at the scenes and to involve herself emotionally as a participant. Homely details are used in order to make the religious events described as real as possible. For instance, when narrating the disappearance of the twelve year old Jesus, the author invokes the landscape of his native Tuscany:
Very early the next morning they left the house to look for Him in the neighbourhood, for one could return by several roads; as he who returns from Siena to Pisa might travel by way of Poggibonsi or Colle or other places.8
Stern warnings are given to the nun to imitiate the life of the Virgin in a typically Franciscan reference to poverty and humility:
'Did the Lady, whatever she worked on, make for love some fancywork? No! These are done by people who do not mind losing time. But she was so poor that she could not and would not spend time in a vain occupation, nor would she have done such work. This is a very dangerous vice. Especially for such as you.9
The emotional demands made upon the reader are increased with the account of the Passion, with much of it written in the present tense:
She is saddened and shamed beyond measure when she sees Him entirely nude: they did not leave Him even his Loincloth. Therefore she hurries and approaches the Son, embraces Him, and girds Him with the veil from her head.10
The image of the swooning Virgin Mary – which was frequently used by artists of the period – in the Hunt panel can be traced to the Meditations, where the author recounts how after the side of Christ has been pierced, 'the mother, half dead, fell into the arms of the Magdalen'.11
Tags: asceticism, feminism, History of Art, iconography, medieval history
This entry was postedon Monday, February 13th, 2012 at 4:15 pmand is filed under | featured | History | home page .You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
2 Responses to "Images, piety and women in late medieval devotion: The Hunt Crucifixion with Saint Clare."
- Anonymous says:
Great article Catherine and, in keeping with the subject, a meditational piece in itself .
Keep up the good work, and as Clare's brother Francis said:
Preach the Gospel at all times and when necessary use words.
- Catherine Lawless says:
Thank you so much for your kind comment. Best, C.
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Taking the Interactive Science Notebook Plunge
Posted: Tuesday, August 5th, 2014
by Jill Grace
I kept hearing about it for years. THE NOTEBOOK. It sounded interesting, it had good research street cred, everyone seemed to rave about it, BUT…I was intimidated. What is up with the input-output stuff? Besides, I was already doing a good job teaching, right?
It wasn't until one particular bunch of kids in one particular school year that I realized I NEEDED to take the plunge. It was no longer an option. It was a tough group that year. I found I was hitting my head against the wall trying to help some underachieving students be successful. I figured that if the "Interactive Notebook" (which I will refer to as IN) was good for improving the literacy of students learning English then it had to be beneficial for all students. Literacy is one of the biggest roadblocks for many struggling kids, so why not try it? What also helped me was finally finding a really great resource that was my step-by-step guide for a middle school IN model that was backed by research (Kellie Marcarelli's Teaching Science with Interactive Notebooks).
This article is intended to give you some extra advice on finally jumping in with both feet. I will admit, it's HARD for the teacher at first, but it gets easier and the rewards are tremendous and worth that effort.
Did I mention: IT IS WORTH IT!
Here are a few reasons why I think it's worth taking the plunge:
- The IN model uses a dual page format where one page is the input (where students get info from reading, video, observations, lecture, etc.) and the other is the output (where they make sense of that input). Outputs ensure that every time students learn something, they have time to digest and process the material (what a novel idea!). Once students understand what outputs are, they appreciate the opportunity to select their own outputs and sometimes use the word "fun" to describe them.
- The "aha!" connections Marcarelli describes in her book, which I call "big idea connections" in my classroom, force the teacher to make sure that what is being taught conceptually relates to a bigger purpose/concept AND gives students the opportunity to see that as well as they build it throughout a unit. In this article, I use the term "unit" to describe a course of study that may take three to six weeks.
- Outputs and aha connections provide students with a tool for structured study. In my experience, no one really teaches kids how to "study" – that goes for teachers and parents, even when both parents are college educated. To "study," most of my students tell me that they "re-read the textbook" the night before the test. I always encourage my students to ditch the textbook and instead go back to their outputs before a quiz or test and see what else they can add. It forces them to review the content on the input side and reconcile if the output is truly complete or if it's missing information. In addition, the aha connections are basically a summary of learning and show a pattern of important concepts. These are great tools for studying!
- Hello Common Core!!! As I went through some Common Core training this past school year, I couldn't help but think, "That's in the notebook…that's in the notebook too, and (shocker) that's in the notebook!" By using an IN with my students, I am supporting several Common Core ELA Standards.
- The IN is a record of student work over the course of the year; what better way to see growth, or lack thereof? It is a powerful assessment tool.
- The teacher notebook (which is a record of all directions) makes it easy for absent students to make-up work.
- Parent-teacher-conference solved! For example:
Parent: So, Mrs. Grace, we wanted to meet with you today because we are wondering why Angel isn't getting an A in your class. Angel is very smart and has always liked science.
Teacher: Oh my goodness Mr. and Mrs. Avery, this is so perplexing, let's see what's going on. Angel, let us start looking at your work. Can you show me page 43 of your IN so we can compare it to the directions in teacher notebook? Oh, you didn't finish that last question?…
Yes, ladies and gentlemen, the IN page says it all. Now, as a teacher, I obviously have to engage the students in class and not sit behind my teacher desk eating Twinkies while following up on the latest ESPN update. Assuming I'm doing my part, the onus is on the student and their notebook speaks for itself.
- There is always something "to do." You have two minutes before the bell? Sweet, add one more thing to your output!
- The IN is a great way for students to stay organized. With all of their work in one place, and no loose pages, everyone has what they need. This has the added benefit of becoming a long-term resource. Let's say it's late in the year, and I ask the kids to recall the various chemical compounds that make up cells that we had learned about in September – we can easily navigate to the part of their notebook that has that information.
Worried? Start with One Class
I committed myself to FULLY using the IN model when I first started. This meant not cutting corners. My thinking was that if I wanted to see if it really worked for my kids, I should go for it in its full glory, even though I was intimidated. My only compromise was to do it with just one class my first year. That was the perfect solution for me because I felt I could handle that, it gave me time to see how I might tweak things for going full scale (all of my classes), and if I messed up along the way it was impacting a smaller group of students. The unexpected benefit of this approach was that one class felt special. They were my "pilot" group. They thought it was cool they were helping me figure out the process and were proud to tell me what was going well and not going well. It was a nice way to help me ease into it, and I then felt very comfortable moving forward the next year with all of my classes.
Spiral vs. Composition
What a debate! Here is a handy-dandy pro/con list for you based on conversations with my colleagues. In the end, I personally decided to go with the composition book and I've been happy with it. You decide what will work best for your own classroom!
For the composition book, I use college ruled, but I know other teachers who use quad especially in classes that do a considerable amount of graphing. I've been happy with college ruled, especially after I discovered that 3M makes graph paper Post-it's® (yes, I'm the girl who did the happy dance in aisle of Target when I first discovered these)! I've only had one parent seriously object to the college ruled size. This was a special case of a student who had difficulties with holding a pen/pencil and writing. Ironically, the child got a wide-ruled notebook, then proceeded to write teeny tiny anyway. Go figure.
Handling Handouts
The beautiful thing about the IN is that the kids can generate a lot of work directly into their notebook. Sometimes, however, I still have handouts that I want them to use. In this case, the kids attach these directly to their notebook page. Since I use the composition book, I reduce my copy size to 80%. Honestly, I've never had a kid who couldn't read a cleanly copied handout at this size, with the one exception of students who, for vision impairment reasons, have all work enlarged.
The reduction in size does create the issue of trimming the page, however. I train my students to take care of this first thing when they enter the room. At the beginning of the year, this is an astonishing process. One would think that about half of the kids have never even held scissors before. It is almost painful to watch; laborious; it takes forever; but I try to maximize the time by taking attendance and sharing announcements, and they listen while they cut. Little tricks like setting a timer help: I start off the year by giving them 5 whole minutes and eventually the kids become faster (e.g. down to 1-2 minutes). Eventually we can eliminate time dedicated to this task and I just start class – the kids eventually become comfortable with setting the scissors down when we have to start something important, and picking them up to continue when they have those few seconds to do so. As with most things, the kids respond positively if I am positive with them and they have "buy-in" to the process.
What also helps with the issue of attaching handouts is having supplies ready. Middle school students can barely remember to bring a pencil to class, let alone scissors. My solution to this was to write a grant my first year of using the IN (you could even try (http://www.donorschoose.org) to have notebook kits on the desks. A "kit" is a tub that contains enough scissors for everyone, a refillable tape dispenser (I'm not a fan of glue sticks for a variety of reasons, but with tape I also have to bring home the point about not wasting it and using foot-long strips), a hand-held pencil sharpener, a small metal ruler, and Post-It® notes (which we use when we need a little more space to do work). The kids have eliminated "not having supplies" as a behavior issue. If someone doesn't have a pen that day, they can do their work in colored pencil.
I also have colleagues who don't want to take the class time to cut pages. In this case, they fold the page in half and attach to the notebook page along the folded edge. They are happy with this process. I just decided to deal with cutting, primarily because I found that some of my kids would never actually unfold that page to see what was there.
In the end, my advice is to do what makes you comfortable as a teacher.
Map Out a Daily Plan for Teaching the Components to the Kids
During my first time trying the IN, Kellie Marcarelli's book didn't leave my side for months. In addition, a couple weeks before school started, I mapped out (based heavily off of Marcarelli's suggestions) a daily plan of how each component was going to be introduced. That map stayed by my attendance book to allow for quick glancing. Having done this little bit of work ahead of time made me feel more comfortable and allowed me to worry about content once school started, rather than what I was going to do next with the notebook.
Start at the Beginning of the Year
I've known a few teachers who decided to switch over, mid-year, to the IN. Anecdotally, it just never seems to go well and it's never met with the same type of gusto on the part of the kids. I find that it takes a while for students to see the value in the notebook. In fact, it takes exactly two units, one for the students to "get it" and the mechanics to sink in, and the second unit for them to feel really comfortable and see the benefits in their understanding. The IN feels like a lot more work to them, so if all of a sudden gears shift in the classroom mid-year and now they are being asked to use the IN, kids seem to resist it more. This has just merely been my observation from colleagues who have done this. In my humble opinion, if you're gonna go for it, GO FOR IT. Don't wait.
Do Something Hands-On Right Away
Since the beginning of the year is all about notebook logistics, I don't want to have bored kids ready to bang their heads on desks. I make it my mission to incorporate hands-on work immediately. Not only does this help maintain student interest, but the IN beautifully supports this sort of work and vice versa. I'm a big fan of getting kids on microscopes as much as possible, so a simple activity of observing something, whether it's pond water, sand, salt, whatever, is a cognitively low-risk way for kids to DO something while starting to see how the notebook works.
These photos illustrate the first hands-on activity I have the kids do about a week into the school year. We are about to start discussing cells, but I am still teaching the notebook process. They will be learning about Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and the microscope, so I like to give them a similar experience of looking at water and seeing "animalcules." Half the class starts at the microscopes observing water from my outdoor fountain at home and working on recording observations. The second half of the class starts by reading an article about van Leeuwenhoek and they record conclusions on their notebook pages. You will see that the article is attached "flip style" over those entries. When they finish one task, they switch over to the other and when the kids are done with both, they are prompted to work on the output. Since this is one of their first outputs, I make it very simple and something most kids are familiar with, for example, in this case you can see I use an adapted KWL chart.
To help the students know what to do in their notebooks, I project my teacher notebook page, (note: the photos I've shared are the teacher notebook pages). A nifty trick I learned from a colleague is to use two different-colored inks. Anything in black is something the kids must copy into their notebook, while anything in pink is an instruction of something they must do.
As the kids are working I remind them that if they have time they should do more than I ask (see "doing what I ask get's you a 90%" ).
Hands-on work is so important. Not only does it help students develop skills in the practices of science and foster opportunities for them to discover knowledge in a student-centered way, it has the added benefit of being exciting for the kids and they pretty much don't realize that I'm asking them to do all of this "notebook work."
Watch 'Em Like a Hawk for the First Month
As are most teachers, I am exhausted by the end of September. I probably walk a mile a day just in my classroom alone. I never sit, I CONSTANTLY am peeking over the shoulders of kids to make sure each one titled that page, finished a response, labeled that drawing, etc. At the beginning of the year, students have all new routines, a new set of teachers they have to get to know, new content, new dynamics with friends…this leaves little brainpower left to remember to update that table of contents. Don't worry, though – after the first notebook check most students won't need you to do this anymore.
Oh, and do your struggling students a favor, about once a week in that first month, grab their notebook in class and "tag it" to give them a little extra help if several things are missing. Let's say page 15 is missing a title, they never finished their output on page 18, and their table of contents isn't updated. Put small Post-it® flags on those pages as a reminder. Some kids need just a little more support in the beginning. I'm lucky that most of these students also have a support class with another teacher later in the day, and she is alerted to helping them catch up that work when she sees those tags.
Build a Pocket!
I struggled the first year with helping the kids figure out what to do with items that didn't seem to belong on a page in the notebook – for example, returned quizzes, the class syllabus, etc. The solution was to build a pocket on the inside of the back cover of the notebook. With the help of a paraeducator, to whom I am deeply indebted, we hand-glued envelopes onto each notebook to act as pockets. The second year, when I decided to use the IN with all of my students, we were both disturbed at the prospect of doing that for all 170 of them. I came up with the most brilliant solution: let the kids design their own. I wasn't expecting much and had even recommended just gluing on an envelope. Much to my surprise, many students secretly laughed at such a silly suggestion and built, no… engineered some brilliant pocket designs. Some even had a mechanism to hold paper in the pocket using Velcro or magnetic closures! I died and went to teacher heaven.
Duct Tape Is Your Friend
Seriously! It's great for building pockets: check out the sweet leopard print pocket above that is the envy of every fashionista. Thanks to a plethora of pattern and color options it has the benefit of reinforcing notebook spines while adding that personal touch every student desires. Over the years, I have asked kids to donate their leftover cool duct tape and I now have a pretty decent collection. Any kid who asks can have some and I just ask that, in return, if they are in the position to donate a roll (even partially used), to please do so.
The Grading Dilemma
One of my biggest hesitations to switching over to the IN was how the heck I was going to grade student work. I just didn't envision a reality where I was going to constantly collect 170 notebooks. Although homework isn't an issue for me as it's graded for completion and all I have to do is go around the room to stamp the work, my concern was over the class assignments I wanted to grade. Although I'm not a fan of the paper waste, I soon realized I could have something like an activity write-up be completed on a separate paper that got turned into me, graded, and then passed out and attached into the notebook. I've also found that, if needed, I can walk around and quickly grade smaller pieces of work when kids are taking a quiz or working on something independently when they really aren't needing me. Problem solved.
Notebook Checks
There are a few ways to handle the notebook check that Marcarelli outlines in her book. I've seen teachers take a variety of approaches based on her suggestions. The one thing I'd like to emphasize, based on observations of these approaches, is to make sure you are involving the kids in the process. It is one thing to collect every student's notebook and grade it yourself, but if you do this, also make sure that the kids are involved some part of that process. They need to be included in the evaluation of work quality. If not, the notebook becomes more about pleasing the teacher, rather than supporting the metacognitive process. This does create a logistical challenge of making sure kids are doing a fair job and honestly, you just need to find a method that works for you to help with this, but two suggestions I can offer are to have students work in groups and/or recruit older students. By putting students into groups, they have multiple notebooks to compare and discuss and the whole team can come to consensus on scoring. Although I use smaller groups for everything else in my classes, I like the notebook checks to happen in groups of six as this allows for a nice blending of skills at the table to help compare work samples. If they're available, older students can also be a huge help with the first notebook check. The reason for this is, no matter how many times you have explained the process, students still seem to have a lot of questions the first time they grade a notebook. I'm lucky that I can bring back a few former students to help me facilitate the first class notebook check and they do a brilliant job. After the class goes through the process the first time, they understand it, and I don't need the extra help after that.
One of the greatest benefits of the process of student involvement in the notebook check is that students will finally inherently understand the notebook as a tool. The notebook will finally "click" for most students. You will see work quality be significantly better after that first notebook check. It's pretty groovy.
A final side note for you, I have discovered there is a need to chat with the kids about not letting "pretty or ugly fool you". In other words, you actually have to READ what students have done to see if the work is good. Just because a notebook is gorgeous with perfect writing doesn't mean it's high quality. In contrast, just because the writing is practically illegible, doesn't mean it's not high quality. "Oh, and now you know why teachers appreciate neat work", I say to the grader with a huge smile on my face.
Doing What I Ask Gets You a 90%
Hands down, this is perhaps one of my FAVORITE aspects of the notebook. If you want to score higher, you have to do more. I feel this really helps kids transition between elementary and high school work ethic. This helps them build independence in their learning. The reality is, in real life, the people that are successful go above and beyond. You can still get an A if you do what I've asked, but to score higher, add in an extra claim evidence statement, use some new vocabulary you have learned in conclusion, add labels to that observational drawing, s-t-r-e-t-c-h yourself. I secretly imagine my students thus develop an internal voice weighing out their options, "If I do just a little bit more, then I'll get that extra 10%, and that would give my grade a little more cushion and I won't have to pester Mrs. Grace about raising my grade at the end of the grading period…" (a teacher can dream, right?) I'll be clear here that the "what I ask" is determined by what I feel my students can accomplish in a given time period, so going above and beyond is entirely realistic.
What if a Notebook Is Stolen? (Gasp!)
My policy is, if your notebook vanishes, no matter the reason, you have to rebuild the current unit, even if it is the last day of the unit. This happens to maybe one kid a year. It's no fun making up that work, usually done in my room over multiple lunches, and all the other kids hear about it. Magically, no notebook ever goes missing again.
Yes, kids lose stuff all the time, but a missing IN is really rare. To be honest, I think this is such a rare event because the kids love their notebooks, even if they won't admit it out loud. They have put a lot of work into them. They are proud of their work. They know it is important.
Save About a Dozen Notebooks for Next Year
Obviously, you can't do this your first year unless you have a colleague who can loan you some. At the end of each year, I ask about a dozen students to "loan" me their notebooks for the year, and they just have to come see me at the end of next year and I will return them. I use them as work samples when teaching kids about the notebook in the fall. I place them on tables during Back-To-School-Night so parents can see what the notebook is all about. I also appreciate having them as samples for parent meetings where they can be used to compare student work, so I should also mention that I borrow notebooks from students with a range of abilities. These have also come in handy when I work with other teachers.
Ironically, this borrowing practice has shown me how valuable the notebooks are to the kids. Several students "forgot" to come pick up their notebooks at the end of the 2013 school year. The following fall, about six weeks into the school year, I had five of these students come back – in a PANIC – begging me for their notebook to help them in their freshman bio class. I can't think of a better endorsement of the IN except, perhaps, for awesome notes left in my yearbook at the end of the year.
So, what about you? Do you use an IN in your science class? What advice do you have for teachers thinking about taking the plunge? Join us on our California Middle School Science Teacher Facebook group to continue the conversation (if you aren't yet a member of the group, just request to join).
6 Responses
Last year was the first year that I did the ISN. (Interactive Science Notebook)
I LOVED it as a tool! It was great for parent conferences, the parents were very appreciative of everything being in one place; I loved that too! This was a big change for the students also, but for many of my organizationally challenged kids this totally helped!
The great part was when I did the notebook check at the end of each unit the kids had to take it home and review it with their parents. They comments that I got on those papers were very telling.
Last year was my first year with it, and I had planned to do it all, but realized after my first unit that my BIG IDEAS page was almost blank. It was my fault for not making the time at the end of my many labs and activities for kids to make the connects. This is going to be my focus for this next year. (We start in two weeks!)
That's fantastic Emily! Thanks so much for sharing and for commenting in the Facebook group!
Thank you, Jill, for this timely article. I've wanted to try this for a long time. (I sadly confess to having a pile of clipped articles about interactive notebooking from various sources dating back to as far as 2010!) I am a bit nervous about the whole endeavor as I've been very comfortable for the past twenty-odd years with a traditional science notebook format. I am going to take the plunge this year because I know the benefits to students will far outweigh the time and effort on my part. And I, too, have Kelly Marcarelli's excellent book but your article provided lots of good tips and most importantly, the motivation and inspiration!
Can you recommend a resource to two to help me get started? i teach fifth grade in CA. I want it to be aligned to the standards.
Thank you, Jill. Your article is well written and is very engaging. I love the teacher voice coming out from every line you wrote.
Students motivation to work on their notebook is an important component of instruction. We have found that high school students in a chemistry classroom had different ideas regarding why the notebook was valuable to their learning. However, they all took a positive stance with respect the use of their notebook.
Thanks so much for the comments everyone! For those of you interested in notebooking at the elementary school level – I've started a conversation on our elementary Facebook group: California Elementary Science Teachers: https://www.facebook.com/groups/515472468554988/
Leave a Reply
Celestial Highlights for 2015
Posted: Tuesday, November 25th, 2014
by Robert Victor
These monthly charts plot positions of the stars of first magnitude or brighter and the five naked-eye planets at evening or morning mid-twilight. The charts can be used to follow the comings and goings of planets and stars. This selection includes dates of peak interest, when planets appear strikingly close to each other. We hope you and your students enjoy following the planets from one night to the next surrounding these occasions!
January 2015 at dusk: Mercury approaches within 0.6 degree lower right of Venus on Jan. 10. Venus and Jupiter visible simultaneously above opposite horizons starting late in month. See also the January 2015 Sky Calendar. Follow these two brilliant planets for the next five months, until their very close pairing on the evening of June 30. Learn More…
NGSS Implementation Update: State Implementation Plan, New Assessments, LCAPs, and Curriculum Framework
Posted: Tuesday, November 4th, 2014
by Jessica L. Sawko
There are a lot of moving parts when it comes to implementing new state standards and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are no exception. Two weeks ago the California Department of Education (CDE) and State Board of Education (SBE) responded to CSTA's call to provide clarification regarding the standards that are to be included in a district's LCAP when addressing State Priority #2. Today and tomorrow the CFCC will convene again with the writers of the NGSS Curriculum Framework to provide feedback to the writers on draft framework chapters and CSTA will be at the meetings to provide input into process. Later this week the SBE will interview candidates for appointment to the Instructional Quality Commission (IQC) – the body that will pick up the work to finish the NGSS Curriculum Framework after the CFCC completes its work. Finally, next week the SBE will convene its November meeting on November 13 – 14, 2014. On the agenda for this meeting is a recommendation from CDE that the State Board approve the State Implementation Plan for NGSS – a plan which will lay the groundwork for implementation activities at the state and local level as well as for support providers like CSTA and others. Also on the agenda is a report from CDE's assessment division with the results of the stakeholder group meetings that were held in July 2014 to inform the planning of the future statewide assessment system for science. Finally the SBE will appoint new members to the IQC. Learn More…
CSTA Night at the Aquarium – NGSS Science & Engineering Showcase Presenters Announced!
Posted: Tuesday, November 4th, 2014
The 2014 NSTA Long Beach Area Conference – in Collaboration with CSTA is just one month away! If you have not already registered for what promises to be the professional learning event of the year for California science educators – it is not too late! Make plans to join more than 2,200 science teachers in Long Beach this December 4 – 6. Discounted registration rates are available through November 14, 2014. Please register today. Remember – both CSTA and NSTA members have the benefit of being able to register at member rates (a $90 savings).
If you have already made your plans to attend the Long Beach conference – please mark your conference schedules with these two CSTA events:
CSTA Night at the Aquarium of the Pacific NGSS Science & Engineering Showcase – Thursday, December 4, 7:00 pm – 10:00 pm
Tickets are limited – purchase yours today (only $10 for CSTA members and $25 for nonmmebers – ticket price includes light food, admission into the Aquarium for the event, and one beverage). Learn More…
Focus on Physical Science
Posted: Tuesday, November 4th, 2014
by Laura Henriques
As a former physics/physical science teacher, the California Classroom Science (CCS) issue focusing on physical science is always one of my favorites. I enjoy reading about lessons, labs and teaching ideas that my colleagues share in each month's CCS, but I really enjoy reading physics and physical science lesson ideas as those apply most directly to what I teach. As with past issues of CCS, we have some great articles written by a wide variety of members on a range of topics. Sadly (for me), only a couple of them focus on physical science.
One of the physical science highlights is Padma Haldar's article that has students doing 'mythbuster' activities to help them better understand the Nature of Science. This project requires students to engage in many of the science and engineering practices (they ask questions, plan and carry out investigations, analyze and interpret data, and evaluate and communicate information) and Ms. Haldar seems to be explicit in helping students understand the nature of science throughout the process. Another article in this month's issue is Valerie Joyner's where she shares a primary activity which focuses on the crosscutting concept of patterns. Her lesson links patterns with properties of plastic lids. As is the case with crosscutting concepts, she shares how this activity about patterns could be linked to other patterns in nature and science. Learn More…
Planning Professional Learning Using the NGSS Implementation Pathway Model
Posted: Tuesday, November 4th, 2014
by John Spiegel, Anthony Quan, and Yamileth Shimojyo
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) have the ability to transform teaching and learning in the classroom. They will dramatically change how students experience science by shifting the focus from the memorization of facts to greater student engagement in the processes of science. The NGSS emphasize learning in three dimensions: Science and Engineering Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Disciplinary Core Ideas. In addition, there are seven Conceptual Shifts, or Innovations, that have strong implications for teaching and learning. These shifts include the interconnected nature of science as practiced in the real world, the integration of science and engineering, the use of performance expectations, a focus on deeper understanding of content as well as application of content, and alignment to the Common Core State Standards. Teachers will ultimately be tasked with implementing the NGSS, but cannot do so without extensive time to plan and engage in professional learning. Learn More…


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Wedding Cakes
Cake Feedback
Date: Nov 28, 2014
I just wanted to send you a quick thank you again for the beautiful cake! It was a huge hit at the birthday party. People could not stop talking about it being the best chocolate cake they've ever tasted and some didn't even realize at first, that it was a real cake! Not only did it look great but it tasted great also! Something that is very rare to find ...


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Patria launched its new vehicle concept at DSEI exhibition in autumn 2013. Since then the vehicle has been tested and fine-tuned in very challenging tests for the future needs of customers. Patria sets a new standard for the future 8×8 armored wheeled vehicles. Spacious interior and high payload carrying capability provide a platform for future customer variants, allowing the simultaneous integration of weapon systems, protection and crew equipment.
Patria now publishes the vehicle's new name, Patria AMVXP. The name Patria AMVXP resembles very well vehicle's features and capabilities. The name links the product strongly to the Patria AMV product family and the abbreviation XP stands for Extra Payload, Extra Performance and Extra Protection, which are telling a lot about the qualities of the vehicle.
Patria AMVXP unrivalled mobility is based on an upgraded powerline providing 450 kW engine power together with an unforeseen Integrated Terrain Control System (ITCS). Its electrical power generation is measured to match the increasing power needs of future soldier and C4I systems. Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) together with the vehicle's digital backbone ensures the best possible platform for the 21st century soldiers to meet their objectives in every operational theatre now and in the future.
"Patria AMVXP strenghtens further Patria's leading armoured wheeled vehicle product offering. Its extensive and extreme testing phase has verified the vehicle's state of the art qualities. We have succeeded in developing the top-notch vehicle. By developing the new vehicle Patria provides the best solutions to match the customer needs of tomorrow", highlights Mika Kari, President, Patria Land business unit.
Patria is a trusted provider of defence, security and aviation life-cycle support services and technology solutions. Patria is owned by the State of Finland (73.2%) and Airbus Group (26.8 %).
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Staff Reporter
CHENNAI: Speakers at the anniversary of Rajaji Centre for De-addiction on Sunday underscored the need to reach out to school and college students and spread the message of prevention. .
At the 16th anniversary of the Centre that receives thousands of patients in its outpatient clinic and has an admission waiting list of 25 people, it has been a long struggle to get addicts to kick the habit. The centre has signed a memorandum of understanding with a foreign university for treatment and training. Consultant psychiatrist Lakshmi Vijayakumar said the centre proposed to start occupational therapy session shortly. Following a request from Mylapore MLA S.Ve.Shekher, it also planned to start an outreach programme at Srinivasapuram Kuppam, she added.
Every year, the centre brings in a teetotaller, usually a television or film actor, to reinforce the message of abstinence. This year, actor Sivakumar spent around two hours with the members and their families.
He shared anecdotes from the film world of persons who had been destroyed because they could not kick the habit. "We need discipline in life. Government will keep its TASMAC shops open as it wants to make money. You take care of your health," he told the audience.
Later, he gave away prizes to those who had successfully abstained after a session at the centre.


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Steven Ray Tickle of Moonshiners arrested for public intoxicationComment
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A father and son from Virginia will appear on a new television show about making moonshine.
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Click Here for Articles About TRAIN
VIDEO: TRAIN Premieres Video for New Single 'Bruises'!
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Train's video for "Bruises," featuring country singer Ashley Monroe, premiered on CMT and CMT.com today. Monroe is a member of the hit trio Pistol Annies along with Miranda Lambert and Angaleena Presley, and appears both in the video and on the original song. The video will be featured all weekend as part of CMT's Big New Music Weekend. Check it out below!
"Bruises" will be the third single off the Grammy Award-winning band's fifth studio album, California 37, following platinum-selling singles "50 Ways to Say Goodbye" and "Drive By."
Train have been nominated for a 2012 American Music Award in the "Adult Contemporary Music: Favorite Artist" category. The winner of the fan-voted award will be announced at the 40th Anniversary American Music Awards, which airs on ABC on November 18.
Just in time for the holidays, the band have announced the release of their Hella Fine Merlot, the fourth varietal from their award-winning Save Me, San Francisco Wine Company. The Hella Fine Merlot, whose name references a line from Train's song "Save Me, San Francisco," will be available at national wine retailers and restaurants in December, and is currently available for preorder at SaveMeSanFrancisco.com. Also available from the Save Me, San Francisco Wine Co. are the Drops of Jupiter Red, Calling All Angels Chardonnay and California 37 Cabernet Sauvignon.
The band have also partnered with renowned chocolatier and San Francisco icon Ghirardelli Chocolate Company on "Save Me, San Francisco" premium chocolate bars. The limited edition bars come in three flavors-Dark Cabernet, Sea Salt Almond & 72% Cacao Dark Chocolate-and are available for purchase at SaveMeSanFranciscoChocolate.com and all Ghirardelli Chocolate & Ice Cream Shop retail locations nationwide, as well as online at Ghirardelli.com. Frontman Pat Monahan will also be signing Save Me, San Francisco chocolate bars at the Ghirardelli Chocolate Marketplace in San Francisco's Ghirardelli Square on November 15 from 3-4pm.
Proceeds from both the Save Me, San Francisco Wine Co. and the Save Me, San Francisco chocolate bars are donated to the San Francisco charity Family House, which provides temporary housing to families of seriously ill children (familyhouseinc.org.)
California 37 is Train's fifth studio album, and features the double-platinum hit "Drive By" and platinum hit "50 Ways to Say Goodbye." The multi-platinum selling band made its mark on music history with the Grammy Award-winning song "Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)" and chart-topping singles like "Meet Virginia" and "Calling All Angels," earning its third Grammy in 2011 for the worldwide smash "Hey, Soul Sister" from Save Me, San Francisco. The top-selling single of 2010, "Hey, Soul Sister" hit #1 at radio in the US and in 15 countries abroad. Save Me, San Francisco has sold over one million albums worldwide and over ten million tracks. In addition to taking the sales and radio worlds by storm, Train has made numerous television appearances, performing on the NFC Championship Game, Daytona 500, American Music Awards, the Grammy Nomination Concert, Crossroads, The Today Show, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Monday Night Football, A&E Private Sessions, America's Got Talent, The View, Dancing With The Stars, and Live With Regis and Kelly, Ellen Degeneres Show, The Bachelor, Rachael Ray and more.
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Oblivion » Search results
16 310CD Blade Witch ArmorPersonal armor I made using resources from Underworld Armor by zertualpro and EVE HGEC Eyecandy Variants Expansion by EVE TEAM.Released: 09/11/2014 - 05:38AMUpdated: 11/11/2014 - 02:04PM
by caldurham
0 6Leather Boots of Bloody BoundingJust what it says on the tin.Released: 08/11/2014 - 09:17PMUpdated: 08/11/2014 - 09:22PM
by EmilyCartwright
91 2,381Qarl's Texture Pack III Redimized - QTP3 RThis is Qarl's Texture Pack 3 Redimized by Qarl, Bomret and dev_akmReleased: 07/11/2014 - 05:48PMUpdated: 22/11/2014 - 05:54PM
by CarlosS4444
29 265WH ArmorWH Armor for HGEC C-Cup Upperboby WH Wings For AmuletReleased: 07/11/2014 - 11:40AMUpdated: 16/11/2014 - 05:05PM
by Nailflan
0 63Grizzdagger fort houseIt is a large fort house in the underground of Imperial City Arboretum. The name is Grizzdagger.Released: 04/11/2014 - 02:20PMUpdated: 04/11/2014 - 02:20PM
by ciproxan
0 12Vverial's Better Arcane StavesThis is a simple esp. file that makes the arcane staves that you choose between as a reward for joining the arcane university, not quite so useless.Released: 03/11/2014 - 05:47PMUpdated: 03/11/2014 - 05:47PM
by Vverial
2 20Sundas Morning - a bookA safe for work book that ties off a loose thread in the Taste Of Treason trilogy. And a history lesson.Released: 02/11/2014 - 04:25PMUpdated: 02/11/2014 - 04:25PM
by Trippy_the_Squirrel
12 153Trophy Skulls SpellThis mod adds a spell that allows you to create named skulls from slain enemies. Cast the spell on a dead NPC and a skull with their name (i.e. "Vicente Valtieri's Skull") will be added to your inventory. Slain khajiit, argonians and orcs will have different model skulls, thanks to Hel Borne and Wiruman for their meshes.Released: 02/11/2014 - 04:03PMUpdated: 09/11/2014 - 11:48PM
by asteriasennall
3 59Daedric UmbraMakes Umbra look a little less...Pathetic? Useless? A giant black and white lollipop? Go with any of those, they're pretty accurate.Released: 02/11/2014 - 01:06AMUpdated: 02/11/2014 - 01:14AM
by FlameCrafter
12 118CM Ves from KvatchCM based companion with custom armor and faceReleased: 01/11/2014 - 08:33AMUpdated: 02/11/2014 - 06:52AM
by krowly
10 152Jessica Biel CMJessica Biel CM Partner arrived in Chyrodiil...the character is complete of armor and sword customized!!!Released: 01/11/2014 - 02:13AMUpdated: 14/11/2014 - 12:14PM
by xander313
0 20Ubanga Transport - Cicada ExpressReplaces the stagecoach-based public transportation system for northern Provinchi Maranta. Slightly configurable by the user by means of an INI file, easily extendable by mod-authors.Released: 31/10/2014 - 11:55PMUpdated: 01/11/2014 - 03:17PM
by TesaPlus
5 56ZKEC Corset DressesZKEC Corset DressesReleased: 30/10/2014 - 05:28PMUpdated: 30/10/2014 - 05:28PM
by gep5
6 69ZKEC Celtic Witch Dress ConversionZKEC Celtic DressesReleased: 30/10/2014 - 05:06PMUpdated: 04/11/2014 - 10:07AM
by gep5
26 503Coffins Contain CorpsesAdds corpses to open coffins, Ayleid ruins, and Oblivion cavesReleased: 30/10/2014 - 12:55AMUpdated: 08/11/2014 - 02:25AM
by Guinefort1
2 42More generic looking Daedric LongswordReplaces Daedric Longsword mesh with more generic looking sword.Released: 29/10/2014 - 04:00PMUpdated: 29/10/2014 - 10:26PM
by mochimoto
1 23Cyrodiil Transportation Network Better Imperial City PatchSmall patch that removes a boat that's stuck in concrete when using CTN and Better imperial City.Released: 28/10/2014 - 02:38AMUpdated: 28/10/2014 - 07:16AM
by lefenger
24 846XBOX Controller SupportThe new generation of Xbox controller support for OblivionReleased: 27/10/2014 - 05:58PMUpdated: 21/11/2014 - 10:37AM
by digitaltrucker
20 319Vaernlor Manor by ORTeamThis mod renovat the Vaernlor Manor, This is a renovating of the old mod, so that is at the same place. The house is the same, the rooms have the same functions (dinner, library, armory etc.), but new textures, new furnitures, new everything.Released: 27/10/2014 - 07:27AMUpdated: 27/10/2014 - 10:04PM
by orteam
3 29Mages Guild soul-gem fix for Oscuro's 1.35Change to Soul Gems in Chorrol Mages Guild that don't fitReleased: 26/10/2014 - 09:06PMUpdated: 26/10/2014 - 09:08PM
by lefenger
4 39Legendary 2D WeaponsSome old weapons in a very old dungeon!Released: 26/10/2014 - 05:54PMUpdated: 10/11/2014 - 04:19PM
by EleiMiShill
174 2,164Improved WaterAn OBSE plugin that changes the water surface, rendering and underwater effects.Released: 26/10/2014 - 12:17AMUpdated: 26/11/2014 - 04:56PM
by Alenet
6 124RHH Sitting animation replacerThis mod changes the idle "RHH Sitting" from Vipcxj's Real High Heels mod with beathing animation. This mod come with two versions of sitting 'low 0.5 and 'strong 1.0', so you can choose which you like. I change/correct also the looking into stright ahead (not looking into the 'sky') and the position of the hands witReleased: 24/10/2014 - 05:23PMUpdated: 24/10/2014 - 05:23PM
by hamsti
81 860Veil and DressVD Dress for HGEC C-Cup Upperboby + LL Lowerbody + Foot VD Veil for Hair Regular and X117Released: 24/10/2014 - 12:58PMUpdated: 03/11/2014 - 01:32PM
by Nailflan
1 77Selenes HomeHomes of Selene, 3 versions. See full updated description.Released: 24/10/2014 - 10:50AMUpdated: 29/10/2014 - 05:23PM
by xXxAlfaOmegaXxX
12 145Cloud Ruler Temple EnhancedWith this mod I just replaced the old shields with the new shields and Capes. I Added the New Capes to all the Guards of the temple, and the shields, in my opinion are much more efficient. Finally I added three new temple guards, with specific tasks.Released: 23/10/2014 - 02:14AMUpdated: 16/11/2014 - 10:57PM
by xander313
0 190Ren's Beauty Pack Expanded CompilationCosmetic Compilation based on Ren's Beauty Pack and Capucine's Character Expansion. This does not make anyone beautiful automatically.Released: 21/10/2014 - 05:06AMUpdated: 30/10/2014 - 11:46PM
by LFact
4 143Star Wars CMleiacm based princess Leia to be found in ic market districtReleased: 20/10/2014 - 05:41PMUpdated: 21/10/2014 - 10:40PM
by Aurgar
24 231ZKEC Loose Hooded TunicAdds a hooded tunic in four styles and seven colors to The Copious Coinpurse. For the ZKEC Body.Released: 20/10/2014 - 03:40PMUpdated: 20/10/2014 - 03:40PM
by ziitch
1 30Make LOD Mesh from big sourceThis is small tutorial in pictures- how to make a lod mesh. You need 3ds max & niftools for import-export feature.Released: 20/10/2014 - 09:06AMUpdated: 22/10/2014 - 03:39PM
by GBRPluss


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Tag: LCARS
TUAW's Daily Mac App: Time
Do you ever watch Star Trek and think, I wish my computer just had a little bit of the LCARS theme to it? You need Time. OK, it's not going to turn your Mac into a futuristic Star Trek-style computer, but Time authentically replicates the visual style and feel of the LCARS interface displayin...
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November 28, 2014
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) - Ohio State University has fired the director of its celebrated marching band amid allegations he knew about and ignored "serious cultural issues" including sexual harassment.
Jonathan Waters had led the band since 2012, and served in lesser capacities for a decade. His popular halftime shows drew millions of viewers on YouTube.
Fledgling university President Michael Drake said in a video statement Thursday that a two-month investigation uncovered a "sexualized" culture inside the band and determined Waters knew and failed to stop harassment.
Drake said the band season will go on as usual as the search for a new director begins.
Members of the 225-member band are scheduled to perform this weekend with the Columbus Symphony, in an annual event considered the unofficial start of its season.
Copyright 2014 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Designate Gaining Momentum As OpenStack DNS-as-a-Service
The OpenStack Technical Committee recently decided to incubate Designate, an authoritative multi-tenant DNS-as-a-Service for OpenStack that features a command line client, REST API and integrates with Nova, Neutron and Keystone. Reaching incubation status within OpenStack is a key milestone along the path to becoming an OpenStack core project. Here at Rackspace, we look back fondly on the past year of learning about and collaborating on the project, and we are looking forward to the adoption of Designate and the continued evolution of the OpenStack ecosystem.
Filed in
Cloud Industry Insights
on Jun. 27, 2014 by Nicole Hairston
Talking About DNS – Google+ Hangout Recap
My co-host Alan Bush was out for this Hangout as he is on paternity leave with a new baby! We're all awaiting his return, but glad that he is getting to spend some time with his newly expanded family. This past week in the Google+ Office Hours Hangout, we turned our attention to DNS,
the address book for the Internet
. You can click any of the links in the below bullets to go to that point in the Hangout, or you can watch the entire
Office Hours on DNS by clicking here
or going to the bottom of the page.
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on Jul. 16, 2013 by Drew Cox
Where Should I Host My DNS And Email?
Two critical pieces for any website or online app are the Domain Name System (DNS) and email. Since these two items are so important for your online site, one question that I would like to see our customers ask is, "Should I host my DNS or email with Rackspace?"
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on Jul. 2, 2013 by Joseph Palumbo
Getting Started With An Open Source GUI For Rackspace Cloud DNS
Although DNS might not be one of the most glamorous services, it's one of the most critical. Hosting your own DNS servers certainly isn't trivial and it requires you to maintain your own highly available environments, keep up with security patches and tightly manage your configuration files.
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on Apr. 12, 2012 by Major Hayden
Don't Let DNS Management Drive You Crazy
This is a guest post written and contributed by Brian Jinwright, CEO and founder at iPoots LLC, a
Rackspace Cloud Tools
(Internet Processing of Our Terabytes of Storage) provides DNSly in order to simplify management of your DNS with Rackspace Cloud DNS and other cloud providers.
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Partner & Customer Updates
on Apr. 3, 2012 by Bob Bardwell
Announcing Rackspace Cloud DNS API General Availability – A Free Service to Easily Manage Your Domains, Sub-Domains and Records
Back in July, we
the public beta of our Cloud DNS API. Based on customer feedback and hundreds of active public beta participants, we have made continuous improvements to ensure the API is production ready. Today we are excited to announce the general availability of Rackspace Cloud DNS API to all US and UK cloud customers.
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Undergraduate Admissions
Upper Iowa University to host talent showcase November 21
Upper Iowa University Online Program ranked by College Choiceview all news ›
November 26: UIU offices close at 3 p.m.
November 27-28: UIU offices closed, Thanksgiving Break
December 12-13: 1964-1967 Basketball Reunion
Dec. 22 - Jan. 1: UIU offices closed, Holiday Break
January 5: US Locations, Online, Nursing Term 3 classes begin
January 12: Fayette classes begin Spring semester term 1
January 13: FeathersUp Alumni Social, Denver, CO
Upper Iowa has international education centers in Hong Kong and Malaysia. We also welcome international students to our beautiful U.S. campus in Fayette, Iowa. You can find out more about our Iowa campus, get answers to some of your questions about studying in the United States, or learn more about our international centers. If you have questions, please contact our staff.


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Telephone & Addresses
Ka Raja, Charlotte, US, Sadler Glen Dr
View Land Ka's social profiles and photos on Facebook, MySpace, and +40 Networks.
Ka Raja, Iselin, US, Green Hollow Dr
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05.10.2012 [NDTV] - I thank all of them for the love and affection," an excited Sridevi told reporters. Anil Kapoor, who worked with Sridevi in films like Mr India, Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja, Lamhe and Judaai, was appreciative of the 49-year-old actress. Actor Anil
All praises for Sridevi and English Vinglish
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Grandeur and fanfare to mark Lord's departure
28.09.2012 [Times of India] - The procession starts from Mahal and culminates at Futala. This year a statue of Vivekanand would also be carried, says Datke. Living up to the title Nagpur Ka Raja, this mandal has commissioned 21 horses and a 40-people dhumaal band from Amravati.
Collections to principle, varied mandal ethos
25.09.2012 [Times of India] - ... say that all donations go towards funding education for backward Adivasi girls in Jawhar taluka. "Every gully has a Raja. We would rather earn the title of Social Work ka Raja over anything else," says mandal chief Milind Kolvankar. FEATURED
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Wikipedia: Dil Ka Raja - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dil Ka Raja is a 1972 Bollywood action film produced by A.A. Nadiadwala and directed by P. Madhavan. The film stars Ajit, Indrani Mukherjee, Waheeda Rehman and Raaj ...
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Account Development Series beginning November 5th and running through December 10th This series, designed for professionals responsible for client and customer interaction, focuses on creating a consistent process as well as staff comfort with account management results. Learn more or phone us at 312-733-4592.
Executive Briefing: Building an Organization That Sells on Wednesday, November 19th As partner or president, you know business development is a key to your success. Is all of your client-facing staff driving revenue? Are they armed with effective ways to deal with issues like free consulting and finding time for new business? Join us from 8:30 to 10:00 AM in downtown Chicago. Register here or call 312.733.4592.
Susan Smith is the President and Founder of Selloquent, a service firm based in Downtown Chicago that works with companies concerned about improving sales productivity and revenue. Selloquent clients are partners, business owners, and professionals responsible for revenue, and they become and stay clients for the personal growth and the consistent, repeatable processes required to excel in sales and business development. Read more...
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Sales Training with Sandler: Our Useful Sales Tools
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Sales Tips: Sandler Rule #35: If Your Competition Is Doing It, ...
Sandler Training's Shaun Thomson explains Sandler Rule #35: "If Your Competition Is Doing It, Stop Doing It Right Away."


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Home » News » War
China blames Xinjiang militants for deadly attack at station
The attack, in the balmy southwestern city of Kunming late on Saturday evening, marks a major escalation in the simmering unrest which had centered on Xinjiang, a heavily Muslim region strategically located on the borders of Central Asia.
It is the first time people from Xinjiang have been blamed for carrying out such a large-scale attack so far from their homeland, and follows an incident in Beijing's Tiananmen Square in October which shook the country's Communist leadership.
China has stepped up security in Xinjiang after a vehicle plowed into tourists on the edge of Tiananmen Square, killing the three people in the car and two bystanders. China labelled it a suicide attack by militants from Xinjiang.
Xinjiang is home to the Muslim Uighur people, many of whom chafe at Chinese restrictions on their culture and religion.
China bristles at suggestions from exiles and rights groups that the unrest is driven more by unhappiness at government policies than by any serious threat from extremist groups who want to establish an independent state called East Turkestan.
State news agency Xinhua said the train station attack, in which more than 130 were also injured, was "an organized, premeditated violent terrorist attack".
"Evidence at the crime scene showed that the Kunming Railway Station terrorist attack was carried out by Xinjiang separatist forces," it added, citing the Kunming government.
Police shot dead four of the attackers and detained one, Xinhua said, while approximate five others are on the run. It initially said five of the attackers had been shot dead.
Kunming resident Yang Haifei told Xinhua that he was buying a ticket when he saw a group of people, mostly wearing black, rush into the station and start attacking bystanders.
"I saw a person come straight at me with a long knife and I ran away with everyone," he said, adding that the attackers caught those who were slower. "They just fell on the ground."
Graphic pictures on the Twitter-like microblogging service Sina Weibo showed bodies covered in blood lying on the ground at the station.
State television showed police wrapping a long, sword-like knife in a plastic bag, amid heavy security at the station.
Chinese President Xi Jinping ordered that no effort be spared to track down those behind the attack.
"Severely punish in accordance with the law the violent terrorists and resolutely crack down on those who have been swollen with arrogance," Xinhua quoted him as saying.
"Understand the serious and complex nature of combating terrorism," Xi said. "Go all out to maintain social stability."
Domestic security chief Meng Jianzhu was on his way to the scene, Xinhua said.
Weibo users took to the service to describe details of what happened, though many of the posts were quickly deleted by government censors, especially those that described the attackers, two of whom were identified by some as women.
Others condemned the attack.
"No matter who, for whatever reason, or of what race, chose somewhere so crowded as a train station, and made innocent people their target - they are evil and they should go to hell," wrote one user.
The attack comes at a sensitive time as China gears up for the annual meeting of parliament, which opens in Beijing on Wednesday and is normally accompanied by a tightening of security across the country.
Unrest in Xinjiang has killed more than 100 people in the past year, prompting authorities to toughen their stance.
Last week the government charged a prominent Beijing-based Uighur economist, who has championed the rights of this people, with separatism.
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Since its 1987 inception, NaturaLawn of America's plant-protecting business has spread to more than 66 locations in 23 states, spreading its passion for eco-conscious, organic, and customizable lawn care to thousands upon thousands of acres of yard. Through two distinct lawn-service programs built around pesticide-free and organic greenery care, the grass whisperers promote deep root growth and replenish spent soils with natural infusions of trace elements, controlled-release nutrients, and warm, fatherly advice.
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June Journal
Find a Conversation
June Journal
|Fri, 06-01-2007 - 7:26pm
Well it is June 1st, so I suppose I will start a new journal. Today I am angry, ill, and just plain pissed off at myself.....sorry for the language. I keep hoping tomorrow will be a better day.
Tonight I took the girls to get Subway for dinner. I got a 6 inch meatball sub that I can only manage to choke down half of.
I guess my question is....how do I feel better? I don't drink, and I feel horrible.....so I drink to feel better, but then I'm just tired. I just want to scream. Maybe later I will write some more, but I am just frustrated right now. Tracy


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Investing in FLSmidth means investing in an asset light business model, full flow sheet solutions, a holistic life-cycle approach and more sustainable and eco-efficient technologies.
Browse our investor section via this menu or go to the Investor Room for a quick overview.
3rd Quarter Report 2014
Download the report here. See the webcast here here.
Capital Market Day 2014
The Capital Market Day will take place on 11 December 2014 from 2-6pm CET and will be followed by an informal dinner hosted by FLSmidth's Group Executive Management.
The venue is 'Marketenderiet', Kirsten Walthers vej 5, next to FLSmidth's corporate headquarters in Valby in Copenhagen. 'Marketenderiet' used to be FLSmidth's workshop canteen when heavy manufacturing still happened in Denmark.
Hotel: We suggest the following hotels in Copenhagen: Hilton Copenhagen Airport, Copenhagen Marriott Hotel, Scandic Copenhagen (cheaper alternative). Please book accommodation directly with the hotel.
Please note that the Capital Market Day is for professionals only.
Register here
For further information about the Capital Market Day 2014, click here
11 December 2014:
FLSmidth Capital Market Day 2014
On the investor portal you can:
- choose which information you wish to receive- choose how you wish to receive the information- enter your e-mail- see your holdings- register for general meeting
Go to the English portal
Gå til den danske portal
Pernille Friis Andersen
Tel: +45 36 18 18 87
Fax: +45 36 16 19 22
Investor Relations Officer
Nicolai Mauritzen
Tel: +45 36 18 18 51
Fax: +45 36 30 18 20
Browse, download or share from our collection of FLSmidth brochures that explain our products, services and solutions. View brochures
View the latest videos and animations from FLSmidth
Global Communications Manager Jesper B. Larsen Tel: +45 36 18 18 77 Fax: +45 36 44 18 30 firstname.lastname@example.com
Corporate CommunicationsVigerslev Allé 77DK-2500 firstname.lastname@example.com
Find here a list of the equity analysts following FLSmidth & Co.
On this page you can get an overview of the dividend paid since 1990.
FLSmidth & Co. has about 56,600 registered shareholders. In addition,...
Here you can find FLSmidth's guidance and long-term financial targets.
In the annual report, FLSmidth publishes the financial key figures...
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FLSmidth & Co. A/S is a global engineering company listed on NASDAQ...
On this page you can find a quick overview of the key figures behind...
Follow the performance of the FLSmidth & Co. share


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Any person who wears contacts, has invisibe four eyes.
Look at troys invisible four eyes!
by Troytheboytoy July 22, 2009
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