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Family Fun Crafts: 16 Craft Ideas for Kids
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How to Craft With Toilet Paper Rolls: 5 Recycled Craft Ideas
Let's get this out of the way now - toilet paper roll crafts are anything but trashy. In fact, when you know how to craft with toilet paper rolls, you open yourself up to a whole new world of creative possibilities. There are so many different types of recycled craft ideas for adults and kids alike, so you'll never be bored.
How to Make a Crochet Baby Sweater: 6 Free Pattern Ideas
If you're looking for free crochet patterns for baby, check out our collection of fun projects. We've even included some of our favorite free crocheting patterns for toddlers. Use pretty yarn, fun embellishments and cool motifs for your baby sweater patterns - you'll want to save each one and give them away to friends and family members as hand-me-downs.
How to Tie-Dye a Shirt: 11 Colorful Tie-Dye Designs
Find out How to Tie-dye a Shirt to fit your psychedelic tastes. Our 11 Colorful Tie-Dye Designs divvies up daring tie-dye approaches and techniques by color and shape. This chromatic and shapely conceptualization is sure to aid when you learn how to tie-dye a shirt. Here you'll find 11 ways to tie-dye that are organized neatly, making your selection process smooth and groovy. Experiment with different tie-dye folding techniques and patterns so that you can wear a design that's outasight. Live and let dye with these happening designs.
John Deere Tractor for Tots
Do you have an old battery-powered John Deere tractor that needs a new paint job? Well, this John Deere Tractor for Tots is a great tutorial for taking an old children's toy and making it like new again. In three simple steps, your little farmhand can be riding around the yard in style, showing off his brand new John Deere tractor! This is a simple and straight-forward tutorial that's great for moms who are on the hunt for that special garage sale find! With this simple tutorial, you can learn how transform your tractor into a toy that looks brand new!
Lucky Toilet Paper Roll Clover
Save up those empty toilet paper rolls and start working on those St. Patrick's Day crafts. A quick and easy Lucky Toilet Paper Roll Clover is so much fun to make and serves as a great decoration for your home. With green acrylic paint and some glue, you can turn an ordinary toilet paper roll into an adorable holiday craft. This project shows that recycled crafts for kids can be both fun and educational.
Out of This World Homemade Chalk
Prepare to be blown away once you discover how to make chalk. You will have just as much fun making this Out of This World Homemade Chalk as you will using it. Playing with chalk is a great way for kids to get outside and get creative. Best of all, they can help you with this easy project. After the kids learn how to make sidewalk chalk, they won't want to stop. Encourage them to try an activity that will keep them busy all summer long. With Out of This World Homemade Chalk, kids will have an entire pavement universe at their fingertips.
Petite Kids Cushion
Kids love it when adults find creative ways to show they care. This Petite Kids Cushion is the perfect way to do just that. It is a simple DIY cushion tutorial for busy moms like you. You can use stuffing or seeds for the inside, but if you are using it as an idea for the tooth fairy, keep in mind that stuffing might be easier in the long run. Your children will wake up to this cool homemade craft and happily celebrate one of life's milestones losing their first tooth.
Pig Paper Plate
Make a little pink piggy face on a paper plate in pink! Simple crafts with kids can be so much fun. This Pig Paper Plate is a great craft for kids on a rainy day or just because. Animal lovers will especially appreciate this project. Use a small cup to add dimension to the project and give your pig a little nose. Buttons can be glued on to create adorable little nostrils. If you need a fun after school activity or simply want to keep the little ones busy on a Saturday afternoon, lay out some paper plates and a few paint colors. In no time, your little crafters will have a sea of handmade pigs to show off and display.
Prairie Girl Crochet Bandana Pattern
Pretend that you're Laura Ingalls and take a trip back in time. Free crochet patterns for beginners don't have to be boring. In fact, this Prairie Girl Crochet Bandana has fun embellishments that take this pattern to the next level. The pattern is meant for a young girl between the ages of two and five. This is a fun alternative to a hat because it's stylish and unexpected. The tassels give this free crochet pattern a cool twist. This project takes almost no time to make, so create a bunch and save them for a raining day. These make great birthday gifts and stocking stuffers.
Quick Paint Stick Table Runner
Easy crafts for kids can make Thanksgiving so much more fun. While the adults cook in the kitchen, kids can lay out the supplies for this Quick Paint Stick Table Runner and get to work. Use common household items for the cheap project and discover how easy it is to create quick and easy projects. If you're looking for fun Thanksgiving craft ideas to keep thinking creatively, this is the perfect project. Turn off the television and power down the screens - now is the time to celebrate togetherness and come together for the ultimate Thanksgiving meal.
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Go on the Road With Little Big Town in 'Sober' Video
In Little Big Town's 'Sober' video, fans catch a glimpse of what it's like being on tour with the group. The quartet is seen performing and hanging out behind the scenes in the clip.
In Little Big Town's 'Sober' video, fans catch a glimpse of what it's like being on tour with the group. The quartet is seen performing and hanging out behind the scenes in the clip.
The Eli Young Band family keeps on growing, and understandably, the group likes to take their brood along on tour whenever possible. Traveling with small kids can be quite a challenge, but luckily, the foursome has Little Big Town to look to for advice.
Crank up the oven and get out your pots and pans -- Little Big Town's Kimberly Schlapman is returning to television for her cooking show, 'Kimberly's Simply Southern.'
Little Big Town aren't just a great country group, they're now the Vocal Group of the Year, receiving the prestigious award at the 2013 CMA Awards.
Little Big Town turned in an intimate, candlelit performance of the ruminative but uplifting ballad 'Sober' at the 2013 CMA Awards on Nov. 6.
Little Big Town's new single 'Sober' is a sweet love song bathed in four-part harmonies reminiscent of the group's most popular cuts from the mid '00s. After three edgier singles, the quartet lightens up.
Little Big Town is celebrating the news of their latest album 'Tornado' going platinum. What does platinum mean? It means they have sold more than one million copies of the album. The title track along with 2 others helped fuel it's success.
While soap operas and talk shows certainly dominated the Daytime Emmy Awards Sunday night (June 16), country music was strongly represented, with Little Big Town and Trisha Yearwood both earning prestigious trophies for daytime entertainment.
It takes some serious chops to cover a Fleetwood Mac song -- any Fleetwood Mac song. But at Wednesday's (June 5) CMT Music Awards, Little Big Town proved that they can cross genres and make any song sound great.
The new video for Little Big Town's current single 'Your Side of the Bed' offers fans what you have to hope is a fictional look inside the marriage of two of their principals, singers Karen Fairchild and Jimi Westbrook.
Little Big Town fans, no need to search the web to find all of Little Big Town's 'official music videos'.
We've got them all right here.
Fans everywhere are looking forward to the 2013 CMT Music Awards, which are coming up in June. The first country music awards show to let fans vote for their favorites, the yearly event also features live performances by some of country's biggest artists -- and this year is no exception.

subset: commoncrawl


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Vollrath 48321 Double Bottle Wine Bucket Stand with Silverplated Finish
- Vibrant silverplated finish
- Quick and easy assembly
- Heavy, weighted base for stability
Companion Items
Display your wine in style with the Vollrath 48321 double bottle wine bucket stand with silverplated finish. With its stainless steel construction and eye-catching silverplated exterior, it is an attractive and convenient way to save table space. A heavy, weighted base keeps it stable while your patrons enjoy their favorite wines.
This wine stand is designed to accommodate Vollrath 47625 and 48325 double bottle wine buckets (sold separately).
Overall Dimensions:
Width: 8 5/8"
Height: 23 5/8"
This item is made-to-order and cannot be canceled or returned once your order is placed. Please contact Customer Solutions prior to placing your order if you have any questions or concerns.
Because this item is not stocked in our warehouse, processing and transit times will vary. If you need your items by a certain date,
please note this in the comment section while checking out! Please feel free to log on to our Live Chat should you have any questions
before placing your order. After your order is placed, we will update you via email to let you know how this will be shipping to you.
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Slider puppies whelped September 1, 2014. Two Black Males available as of 10/22/2014 at the reduced price of $1200. Both puppies are EIC/CNM Clear, yellow factored and beautiful. Pups have been...
Type: Posts; User: blindfaith
Slider puppies whelped September 1, 2014. Two Black Males available as of 10/22/2014 at the reduced price of $1200. Both puppies are EIC/CNM Clear, yellow factored and beautiful. Pups have been...
FC-AFC Hilltop's Hayseed...winner of Derby and Open at the same trial, Lincoln Trail. Bred to him soon after!
Anybody know which direction the birds are being thrown or did I miss something?
Animal Genetics in Florida does a good job with no hassles.
Bill Butikas
Anything on the Open yet? Any news would be appreciated.
Any info on MVRC would be much appreciated!
Our vet has always said, "Triple their weight at 3 months or double their weight at 4 months." It has been pretty darn accurate over the years.
Another " New Kid In Town". Yellow Male available for stud. " Ten" aka Blind Faith's Ten Comandments, is chocolate factored, has 7 Derby points, including a Derby 2nd at age 12 months and a...
It's been a while but I'll join in. I have been around for a long time but that really doesn't count for much. I have judged and ran a few times when the GUNNER(S) was visible but never the...
Any news yet from the Sooner trial? Thanks in advance....
Any news from Am Am would be appreciated. Thanks!
Any information on the Qualifying as it comes available will be much appreciated! Thanks!
We would appreciate any information on the qualifying. Thanks!
Seems unusual but no word on the open? What's up or are they still running? Would appreciate some word if anyone can share....Bill
Why was the first test scrapped in the open? Any new reports?
Would really appreciate info from the Qual whenever any becomes available! Go Paul!
We were hoping for a different outcome. Cleo was a great lady and will be greatly missed.
We are praying for Cleo and Bill. Our thoughts are with their family and we are hoping for the best.
Any news from out west would be appreciated especially the Derby and Qual. Thanks in advance!
Any word from Oregon yet? News would be appreciated.
Any news about the derby will be much appreciated. Thanks!
I am Morgan's owner and would like to thank all of you who said nice things about Morgan ( or, at least his pedigree!). Most of what has been said I agree with wholeheartedly and a few things I would...
Any reports yet?
Quite a first post!
Good Lord, I'm reminded of why I don't post on this forum much anymore. It used to be that you could express an opinion without someone getting negative but rarely these days. I told Marcia it would...


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Nuclear power
Ohio's Perry nuclear power plant was vulnerable to sabotage
A report issued last week said that operators at the Perry Nuclear Power Plant in Ohio found a vulnerability in the security of the plant last year, and that that vulnerability could have put the public in harm's way. The utility operating the nuclear plant reported to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) that the plant's security program for monitoring underground pathways and other unattended openings were insufficient to detect and prevent unauthorized access to the protected area.
Michigan's Palisades nuclear power plant has significant safety issues
A recent report by the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) lists the Palisades Nuclear Power Plant in Michigan as one of three plants in the United States with significant safety episodes or "near-misses" over the last three years.
U.S. nuclear industry resists stricter, post-Fukushima safety measures
Since the March 2011 Fukushima disaster, members of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) have been debating whether or not to impose even stricter safety measures on the thirty-one U.S. boiling water reactors (BWRs). Utility companies have been fighting any new safety regulations, arguing that the security measures they have are more than enough.
Does the U.S. face a nuclear power exit?
In a 2012 report, the Obama administration announced that it was "jumpstarting" the U.S. nuclear industry. Because of the industry's history of problems, cost overruns, and construction delays, financial markets have been wary of backing new nuclear construction for decades. The supposed "nuclear renaissance" proclaimed in the first decade of this century never materialized. Then came Fukushima, a disaster that prompted countries around the world to ask: Should nuclear power be part of the energy future?
Radioactive leaks at Washington's Hanford nuclear reservation
Earlier this month, Washington Governor Jay Inslee announced that a radioactive waste tank at one of the nation's most contaminated nuclear sites is leaking, bringing more bad news to Washington's Hanford nuclear reservation. The 177 tanks at the plant, which hold millions of gallons of highly radioactive waste from plutonium production, are way past their intended 20-year life span.
Sandia Labs refurbishes nuclear security infrastructure
Sandia National Laboratories has completed $199 million in facilities construction and repair as part of an 11-year national effort to revitalize the physical infrastructure of nuclear security enterprise sites. The work is part of a program established in 2001 to reduce a long-standing backlog of deferred maintenance at the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) eight sites, including Sandia.
Idaho debating nuclear waste storage
For two decades, the Yucca mountain nuclear waste repository in Nevada was viewed as a long-term solution to the growing problem of radioactive waste generated by the 104 active nuclear power generation plants in the United States. One of the Obama administration's first acts was to "defund" the project, in effect outing an end to it. States such as Texas, New Mexico, and North Carolina have fashioned their own interim solution to the problem of nuclear waste storage, and the governor of Idaho wants his state to follow these states' example.
Part Three: Bechtel and the Y-12 security breach
With an annual security budget of $150 million, the Y-12 Nuclear Complex at Oakridge, Tennessee, prided itself on its high-tech security system built to protect more than 179 tons of uranium. After Sister Megan Rice, age 82, and two confederates, both senior citizens, too — the three were armed with nothing but wire cutters and flashlights — broke into the Y-12 facility on 28 July 2012, one security guard was fired. Numerous investigations and reports, however, show that last July's incident was but one in a series of security failures and breaches at nuclear sites under the supervision of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). In May, Sister Rice and her aging collaborators will stand trial. Bechtel, a major contractor sharing responsibility for the documented security lapses at Y-12, has just received a federal nuclear plant security contract worth more than $22 billion.
Uranium mining debate divides Virginia
In Virginia a fight has begun over whether to drill for uranium. Some feel the drilling, which would create about 1,000 jobs and bounty of tax revenue in addition to nuclear fuel, is important for a state whose main industries, such as tobacco and textiles, are failing. Those who oppose the drilling fear the contamination of drinking water in case of an accident, and a stigma from uranium which would deter people and businesses from moving to the area.
Thorium holds promise of safer, cleaner nuclear power
Thorium as nuclear fuels has drawbacks, but its main advantage includes generating far less toxic residue. The majority of the mineral is used during the fission process, and it can burn existing stockpiles of plutonium and hazardous waste, saving the need to transport it and bury the waste in concrete. If thorium becomes available as a source of energy in the future, the world will rely less on coal and gas, and wind turbines will become a thing of the past. The risk of a global energy crunch will decrease considerably.
Nuclear-powered deep space rockets
In the 1960s the federal government tested nuclear rocket technology for the flights following the Apollo moonshots. The Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico set up Project NERVA (Nuclear Energy for Rocket Vehicle Application). The concept was to use a nuclear reactor to blast a rocket out of Earth's orbit. Concerns about safety and cost put an end to the project in 1973, but now there are some it is time to revisit the concept of nuclear rockets for deep space exploration.
New design for clean nuclear fusion reactor unveiled
Researchers have patented a nuclear fusion reactor by inertial confinement which, in addition to being used to generate electric power in plants, could be applied to propel ships. The fusion chamber shape and size can adapt to the type of fuel being used.
U.K. revises nuke emergency plans post-Fukushima
The Sizewell nuclear power station in Suffolk, England, was decommissioned in 2006, but after the 2011 Fukushima disaster, the Suffolk authorities thought there was a need to upgrade the emergency plans for the people living around the plant. There are disagreements, however, over the radius of the emergency zone around the plant, and how many people should be included i evacuation plans and given potassium iodide tablets in the event of a radiation leak.
Tiny helpers: Atom-thick flakes help clean up radioactive waste, fracking sites
Graphene oxide has a remarkable ability quickly to remove radioactive material from contaminated water. Researchers determined that microscopic, atom-thick flakes of graphene oxide bind quickly to natural and human-made radionuclides and condense them into solids. The discovery could be a boon in the cleanup of contaminated sites like the Fukushima nuclear plants, and it could also cut the cost of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") for oil and gas recovery and help reboot American mining of rare earth metals.
France is the forerunner in nuclear power generation – but for how long?
France has been held up, worldwide, as the forerunner in using nuclear fission to produce electricity; a third of the nation's nuclear reactors, however, will need replacing in the next decade, and public opinion has shifted toward reducing reliance on nuclear power; does France have the means or desire to unplug from nuclear power?


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Bethenny Frankel on Bristol Palin Reality Show: Who Would Watch?!?by Hilton Hater at . Comments
Bristol Palin is one of the most famous teenagers in the country.
She's the daughter of a Presidential candidate and an unwed mother who isn't just marrying the guy that knocked her up and publicly bashed her family for months on end - she's profiting from the arrangement by selling her story to supermarket tabloids!
Say what you want about Bristol - and, trust us, THG has - but she's the perfect candidate for a reality TV show.
Still, Bethenny Frankel claims she doesn't see the appeal.
Bethenny Frankel thinks viewers are interested in her life, but not that of Bristol Palin. She may be more delusional than Bristol's mother.
"If it was her mom getting married or remarried it would be interesting," Frankel said to E! News yesterday. "If it was Sarah was raising the baby, maybe. But what's the deal with the two of them?
"I don't know what they are and I don't even know who they are. I don't get it. And it would be too awkward to watch them in something L.A. because they don't belong there."
Someone sounds awfully defensive. Frankel can't honestly believe that in this day and age, where anyone with a pulse signs on for a reality show (Mario Lopez?!? Aubrey O'Day?!?), Bristol and Levi wouldn't be the ideal stars of a series. As depressing as that may be.
Let's turn this question over to the readers: Who would you prefer to watch?
Bethany Frankel is a loud annoying cook (not chef) who is desperate for attention.
yeah really, who is b. frankel? what a farse those reality people think they're so special they just make fools of themselves and their family.
who is Bethany Frankel?


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Lew Rockwell, founder and Chairman of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, discusses how central banks print fiat money to pay for world wars that would otherwise be impossible to finance, the enormous resources at the U.S. government's disposal to delay an economic reckoning, why WalMart is a net gain to society, the division between those who live off the state and those who support it (albeit unwillingly) and why more super-rich dynastic families are needed to compete for power with the state.
Friday, September 3, 2010
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Peter Schiff is a well-known commentator appearing regularly on CNBC, TechTicker and FoxNews. He is often referred to as "Doctor Doom" because of his bearish outlook on the economy and the U.S. Dollar in particular. Peter was one of the first from within the professional investment field to call the housing market a bubble. Peter has written a book called "Crash Proof" and a follow-on called "The Little Book of Bull Moves in Bear Markets". He is the President of EuroPacific Capital, which is a brokerage specializing in finding dividend-yielding, value-based foreign stocks.


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opentable.comThe product of blood, sweat, and tearsIt's almost time for the Oscars. That is, the Oscars of the food world: the James Beard Foundation Awards. Today marked the announcement of the restaurant and chef semifinalists, who were chosen from a record 28,000 online entries. Finalists ... More >>
Will the spirit of James Beard smile upon New York chefs?The James Beard Foundation announced its list of semi-finalists for the annual James Beard Awards today, kicking off the food world's very own Oscar season scrum. The semi-finalists were selected from a pool of 21,000 online entries; th ... More >>
Public schools are failing black boys, say a growing number of parents who are homeschooling
For residents of the 40th council district in central Brooklyn, yesterday was Election Day, as 10 candidates vied to take the seat vacated by Yvette Clarke, who ascended to Congress back in November. Since none of the 10 have held elected office before (unless being St. Vincent's ambassador to the U ... More >>


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Best Practices:
Commercial Quality Assurance Practices Offer Improvements for DOD
NSIAD-96-162: Published: Aug 26, 1996. Publicly Released: Aug 26, 1996.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
(202) 512-4841
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
GAO reviewed the Department of Defense's (DOD) quality assurance practices, focusing on: (1) the problems that DOD has had in improving such practices; (2) private-sector practices that could be beneficial to DOD; and (3) DOD efforts to improve its quality assurance activities.
GAO found that: (1) DOD spends more than $1.5 billion annually to support its quality assurance activities; (2) manufacturing and quality problems have contributed to cost and schedule overruns on DOD weapons systems programs; (3) DOD acquisition programs have experienced quality problems during the production phase due to incomplete weapon designs; (4) DOD is relying on unstable designs and inspections to rework the defects in its B-2 bomber and C-17 Airlifter programs; (5) a number of successful commercial manufacturers are improving the quality of their products, while reducing their oversight and inspection costs; (6) commercial manufacturers have broadened their definition of quality assurance, by changing it from a postmanufacturing step done at the end of each process to being part of the process itself; (7) DOD began in the early 1990s to implement a method of moving away from inspection-oriented quality assurance practices and toward process control; (8) DOD is developing a plan to reduce the costs of redundant quality assurance processes; (9) the plan will allow DOD contractors to use a single quality management system based on process controls for all DOD contracts; and (10) DOD could enhance its quality management system by encouraging defense contractors to use more advanced commercial techniques and quality assurance practices.
Recommendations for Executive Action
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: The Department has instituted various changes in line with the report's recommendations to: (1) establish measurable steps to implement and monitor progress of the Quality Panel's plan; (2) periodically assess success in implementing basic standards such as ISO-9000; (3) develop ways to encourage the adoption of advanced quality concepts of design for manufacturing, process controls, and supplier quality programs; and (4) as suggested in the plan, establish incentives for defense contractors to participate.
Recommendation: The Secretary of Defense should: (1) establish measurable steps to implement and monitor the progress of the Defense/Industry Quality Liaison Panel plan closely; (2) periodically assess its success in implementing basic standards such as ISO-9000; (3) develop ways to encourage the adoption of advanced quality concepts of design for manufacturing, process controls, and supplier quality programs throughout the defense industry, using commercial practices as a guide; and (4) as suggested in the plan, establish incentives for defense contractors to participate, such as providing credit during source selection for successful implementation of these advanced quality practices. Such selection criteria could also provide world-class companies greater opportunities to participate in the DOD weapons acquisition programs.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: According to DUSD (A&T) officials, quality assurance oversight will likely remain the responsibility of the Defense Contract Management Command (DCMC). However, they stated that DCMC should be reorganized to carry out these responsibilities more effectively and in line with the commercial practices GAO found.
Recommendation: To assist DOD in changing its own quality assurance culture, the Secretary of Defense should expeditiously determine who in the DOD acquisition community can best oversee the advanced quality functions used by defense contractors in developing and producing weapon systems, using commercial practices as a guide in assigning these functions, and provide all necessary training for any new responsibilities that DOD personnel need to perform.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Explore the full database of GAO's Open Recommendations »
Nov 20, 2014
Building Partner Capacity:State and DOD Need to Define Time Frames to Guide and Track Global Security Contingency Fund ProjectsGAO-15-75: Published: Nov 20, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 20, 2014.
Ford-Class Aircraft Carrier:Congress Should Consider Revising Cost Cap Legislation to Include All Construction CostsGAO-15-22: Published: Nov 20, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 20, 2014.
Nov 19, 2014
Defense Contractors:Additional Actions Needed to Facilitate the Use of DOD's Inventory of Contracted ServicesGAO-15-88: Published: Nov 19, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 19, 2014.
Nov 18, 2014
Overseas Military Construction:Observations on U.S. Contractor PreferenceGAO-15-45: Published: Nov 18, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 18, 2014.
Oct 30, 2014
DOD Space Systems:Additional Knowledge Would Better Support Decisions about Disaggregating Large SatellitesGAO-15-7: Published: Oct 30, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 30, 2014.
DOD Business Systems Modernization:Additional Enhancements Are Needed for Army Business System Schedule and Cost Estimates to Fully Meet Best PracticesGAO-14-470: Published: Sep 30, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 30, 2014.
Oct 16, 2014
Specialty Metals:DOD Dissemination of National Security Waiver Information Could Enhance Awareness and Compliance with RestrictionsGAO-15-133: Published: Oct 16, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 16, 2014.
Oct 10, 2014
Nuclear Weapons:Some Actions Have Been Taken to Address Challenges with the Uranium Processing Facility DesignGAO-15-126: Published: Oct 10, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 10, 2014.
Oct 8, 2014
National Defense:Department of Defense's Waiver of Competitive Prototyping Requirement for the Navy's Fleet Replenishment Oiler ProgramGAO-15-57R: Published: Oct 8, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 8, 2014.
Sep 30, 2014
Afghanistan Equipment Drawdown:Progress Made, but Improved Controls in Decision Making Could Reduce Risk of Unnecessary ExpendituresGAO-14-768: Published: Sep 30, 2014. Publicly Released: Sep 30, 2014.
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8677 Villa La Jolla Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037
4981 Spring Street, La Mesa, CA 91942
415 Laurel Street, San Diego, CA 92101
6755 Mira Mesa Blvd #123-102, San Diego, CA 92121
2214 S El Camino Real, Oceanside, CA 92054
7711 Ronson Rd, San Diego, CA 92111
636 W E Street, San Diego, CA 92101
Locksmiths Serving Lockout Services, Locks, Commercial & Residential!
2801 Camino Del Rio S 301, San Diego, CA 92108
Locksmiths Serving Lockout Services, Locks, Commercial & Residential!
939 University Avenue,, San Diego, CA 92103
Locksmiths Serving Lockout Services, Locks, Commercial & Residential!
4981 Spring Street,, La Mesa, CA 91942
6.5 Miles
(619) 568-1246
8550 Costa Verde Blvd Apt 5426, San Diego, CA 92122
Services: Locksmith Services, Commercial, Residential & Auto.
Latest review: "I arrived at work one morning to discover that my shop had been broken into. I called CA Loc..."
7.9 Miles
(858) 956-0206
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Services: Key Programming, Ignition Replacement, Open Trunk, Chip Key, Auto Keys, Replacement Car Key, Sw...
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6.8 Miles
(858) 768-6103
8110 Mira Mesa Blvd, Mira Mesa, CA 92126
Services: Emergency Locksmith, Residential Locksmith, Commercial Locksmith, Automotive Locksmith
Latest review: "Very happy with the work this locksmith company provided. The technician was very profession..."
11.7 Miles
(619) 330-0565
3089 Clairemont Dr Ste C 288, San Diego, CA 92117
Products: Locksmith, Car Keys, Ignition Key, Car Key, Replacement Keys, Lost Key.
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Latest review: "I was super pyched because my girlfriend finally agreed to move in with me. So I went to fin..."
7.5 Miles
(858) 375-5785
7940 Silverton Ave #204, San Diego, CA 92126
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12.1 Miles
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14.6 Miles
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Online dating brings singles together who may never otherwise meet. It's a big world and the SeniorPeopleMeet.com community wants to help you connect with singles in your area. Whether you are seeking just a date, a pen pal, a casual or a serious relationship, you can meet singles in Alpharetta today! Georgia is known for southern hospitality and SeniorPeopleMeet.com is here to bring their Senior Singles together.Search Single Senior Men in Alpharetta | Search Single Senior Women in Alpharetta
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June 28, 2010
DesignWise Medical came to the University where our students were able to work with Brad Slaker to design a vein transillumination device for the pediatric market. It was a fantastic project. The students gained experience working with a project that can make a difference in the world. Our students also gained experience working with a client. Its wonderful to see a company dedicated to the medical pediatric marketplace.
The Great!
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
the classroom. The students were able to use their problem-solving skills to create great concepts!
More feedback
What I've enjoyed the most about my experience with this nonprofit is...
The experience of working with Brad Slaker as well as giving university students an opportunity to work on a project with great depth.
The kinds of staff and volunteers that I met were...
Brad Slaker was amazing to work with. He's a very insightful person.
If this organization had 10 million bucks, it could...
Do a lot of good in this world. Lets face it. The pediatric market needs better products to help suite their needs.
How frequently have you been involved with the organization?
One time
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?
MY ROLE:Professional with expertise in this field & Worked with Brad for a classroom sponsored project at the University of Wisconsin-Stout.


text:
Koala group condemns Act By Judith Kerr Jan. 29, 2014, 5 p.m. The Australian Koala Foundation has lodged a formal submission condemning the federal government's draft Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act referral guidelines for koala protection. The organisation's chief executive Deborah Tabart said the guidelines were more about reducing the workload for government and developers than protecting koalas. She said…read more
Tag Archives | Australian Koala Foundation
You are here: Home » Australian Koala Foundation
AKF Condemns Federal guidelines for koala protection
By Koala Land on January 30, 2014 in Community, Government, News, Responsibility
AKF Campaign
By Mark Gerada on July 9, 2011 in Conservation, News
We're liking the Australian Koala Foundation campaign that's running at the moment.
Homeless Koalas on 6.30 with George Negus
By Mark Gerada on June 8, 2011 in Government, News, Property, Video
6.30 with George Negus presented a story about koalas, the Senate Inquiry and property developers, which aired on Ten on June 7. The story features Senator Bob Brown and Deborah Tabart.
Grim future for Aussie icon
By Mark Gerada on May 31, 2011 in Government, News, Property
Queensland University of Technology News presents a story about the Senate Inquiry that features Senator Bob Brown, Dr Jon Hanger of the RSPCA and Deborah Tabart of the AKF. They declare that if the Federal Government does not intervene, koalas will become extinct. Go to QUT News for more. Download Video: MP4
Search by Tags
abc akf animals australia biodiversity bush bushfires Chlamydia clearing community conservation cute Deborah Tabart development dogs Dreamworld endangered environment eucalyptus Federal fragmentation habitat heat joey koala koala conservation koala habitat koala hospital koalas koala science nature noosa nsw pbs port macquarie Queensland rescue research science senate inquiry Sunshine Coast trees video wildlife youtube
koalas on reddit
- Koala leaves its tree for the seasubmitted by 970souk [link] [6 comments]
- Koala 'arrested' and taken into custody after police pursuit in Campbelltown. AWW!submitted by lightingman [link] [1 comment]
- Archer In His B-Boy Stancesubmitted by BirdmansMaybach [link] [1 comment]
- PLZ TO HALP!submitted by BirdmansMaybach [link] [3 comments]
- r/koalas XMAS DONATION DRIVE : If you were to imagine that the 16,000,000 years it has taken for the koala to evolve were condensed into one day, then consider that we have wiped out 99.5% of the total koala population in one second.r/koalas has decided to launch an effort to save vital wildlife habitat in Australia. You may donate directly to Australian Wildlife Conservancy at https://give.everydayhero.com/au/reddit-donates-koala-land-for-christmas or any of the frontline koala organisations listed in the side bar. submitted by hndspn [link] [1 comment]
- More Obama and koala. This one with Al Mucci GM of Dreamworld Life Sciences -- I met all the leaders for an hour ... this wouldn't of been possible without our wonderful koalas.. hopefully this puts them on the conservation front line.submitted by hndspn [link] [comment]
- Another shot of Obama with a Koalasubmitted by the_dinks [link] [4 comments]
- Abbott and Obama with koalassubmitted by hndspn [link] [4 comments]
- Koala fightsubmitted by John_10 [link] [2 comments]
- Koala Trainsubmitted by haurka [link] [6 comments]


text:
Life in the Son holding services on Siesta Key
Date: January 12, 2012
by: Rachel Hackney | Managing Editor
A new non-denominational church has begun holding weekly services in an office on Siesta Key.
Called Life in the Son, the church is holding its services at 7 p.m. Thursdays at Amazing Life Chiropractic, 5039 Ocean Blvd.
"Everyone is welcome, regardless of where they are in their journey of faith," says a flyer being distributed by the Rev. Michael Broy.
Those coming to services can expect "a Christ-centered atmosphere of grace and healing; relevant practical teachings from the Bible; contemporary, celebrative praise and intimate worship; a place where structure surrenders to Spirit; and (a place) where creativity and the arts are expressions of worship," the flyer adds.
Broy told the Pelican Press he has many years of ministerial experience, ranging from youth and children's programs to music to helping found a church in Clemson, S.C. He is a graduate of the Rhema Bible training center in Broken Arrow, Okla.
"I am not associated with a denomination," he said, "but I am associated with a ministerial group called United New Testament Church International."
For more information, contact Broy at 539-7972.
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- Nov
29 Light Up Siesta Village and Holiday Parade
5:00 pm - 9:00 pm
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6:00 pm
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3 Rachel's Challenge Anti-Bullying Event hosted by The Cal Ripken, Sr. Foundation
6:30 pm - 8:30 pm
- Dec
4 Ringling Holiday Splendor
5:00 pm - 9:00 pm


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Today was one of those days where I left school thinking I was a horrible teacher. My last class of the day was just out of control; I tried everything I know how to do, but it was hopeless. And the worst part was I let it get to me. After they left, I went to one of the guidance counselors and cried. I only remember one other time where I cried at school, and it was during my first year because I thought some kid was mad at *me*, when in fact he was really mad at everyone.
So I left school, knowing that I should leave that stuff at work, but I couldn't help but think about it on the drive home. I stopped to pick up a connector for my iPod, and the ice cream/cookies/snacks were calling to me. I thought "I had a crappy day, I deserve this." I picked it up and was ready to take it with me, and then I remembered that it was actually a really *good* day. Why was it a good day?
- I lost a little more weight. I am down to 150 and I hope that next week I'll be into the 140's. Which would be just grand.
- A kindergarten student who is really a lot of trouble told me today "Thank you for teaching me today." Totally out of character for him.
- I ran two miles today, only had to stop to stretch once.
- On the assisted dip and pull-up machine I decreased my assistance.
- Had a really great Pilates class this evening. Totally relaxing and it was some super "me time."
- I put down the ice cream and decided that I deserved better than that - I deserve to be stronger than food. I am stronger than ice cream.
Off to finish this delicious cup of hot tea.
Today is Day 2 of spinning class. It's the test to see if I can make it to work on time after the class... so I still woke up super early to get my usual morning stuff done *before* the gym. Last night I went to the gym after my conferences; it was late, but I wanted to get some running in last night. I did about 2 miles, stopping to stretch my ITB twice. Came home and actually remembered to use the foam roller. OUCH.
My lunch is packed, my outfit is ready for today... I think I should be fine getting out the door on time today.
I did ok eating yesterday... my breakfast and lunch were good, but I met a friend for dinner and coffee during the break. Mediocre sandwich and sickly sweet coffee were not worth it. No more flavored coffees. It had been such a long time since I'd had one, and I remember loving the peppermint. I budgeted the calories (not by much) so I didn't feel too guilty. It wasn't horrible, but it certainly wasn't worth the calories it had in it. Lesson learned.
I've been playing my piano more, which is a good thing. My fiance loves hearing it, and I am really enjoying playing it again. Now if I could just remember to practice!
I have an opportunity to sing in Carnegie Hall in February. I wasn't going to do it because I have to pay a lot of money to do it, but it's really something I love to do. Talked it over with the fiance, and he suggested that I do it. That was the first time that I ever asked him about what I should do with my money... Usually I just think "well it's my money, it's not his business.'" But this marked the first time that I talked it over with him. Hm... So anyway, I'm 98% sure I'm going to sing in NYC in February. I'm really looking forward to it. It's a weekend in New York, and it's some serious "me time."
Off to check some more stuff and then to go spinning. Thanks for stopping by!
Happy Hump Day!
I never thought I'd be a morning person. When I was younger, I used to think my grandmother was nuts for getting up early and going to bed early. She always reminded me of the old saying, though - "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." Bah, I thought. But now since I've been doing this early morning thing, I feel like the old adage is true. I am definitely getting *healthy* because I do the gym thing early, I feel a little wiser (I guess) because I get stuff done in the morning and I have more energy to do my work; the only thing I'm waiting on is the "wealthy" part. But I assume that will come at some point in one form or another.
This morning I made my lunch for tomorrow (!), I baked banana-walnut muffins (with approx. 200 calories a piece - pretty good!), and picked out my clothing for the rest of the week. I am going to "Burn and firm Pilates" at 10:00, and then it's off to school from noon-8pm for conferences.
Until I leave, though, I think I'm going to clean up a little bit around here...
This weekend I went to my mom's house for symphony. It was great - I love Symphonie Fantastique!!! I usually leave early to get there and stop at the mall. I really *do* need to build up my wardrobe again - I got rid of so many fat clothes - and symphony days are perfect to shop in the morning. So anyway, the goal was to find a second pair of jeans and some new leggings. Tried on about a million pairs of jeans and ended up with a super cute pair of SKINNY JEANS!!!! Never in a million years did I think I'd ever buy a pair of skinny jeans and have them look like they are supposed to! I LOVE them. I feel so amazing in them... thick thighs and all. My thighs are they way they are because of running and working out... I am proud of how muscular they are getting. WAHOO!
I also ended up with a sweater, a turtleneck (my fiance said "didn't you have one like that?" The old one was an XL, this one is a S) and some new leggings. I LOVE to shop now. Trying on clothes is so much fun!!! If I ever have the urge to eat an entire cake, I can think about how much fun shopping is now. It was never fun for me... I used to HATE clothes shopping. I'd wear giant t-shirts and pants... it was so frustrating. My closet is not bursting with clothes, but I wear just about everything in there because I CAN. Everything fits and I can throw anything on without worrying about covering a roll here or a bulge there.
This morning I went to my first ever spinning class... my legs are killing me! I decided I'm going again on Wednesday. Entered my fitness minutes for the week, I was a little conservative on the running minutes since I'm still getting my ITB back in shape. Who knows, I may end up with way more minutes than I anticipated. LOVE working out. I think I'm definitely over the rut I was in.... the early morning workouts are helping for sure.
Today and tomorrow I have conferences at school, so I don't have to go in until noon. But I'm there until 8:00... I get to try some morning classes at the gym and maybe some late running after conferences.
So overall, I'm very happy with how this week went. I met all my goals, and I had a good week of workouts. Tomorrow I'm going to visit my mom and go to symphony - we're going to a wonderful little Italian restaurant for dinner; I need to really watch what I order. I'm not going to deprive myself of good food, but I know enough now to make smart choices when it comes to restaurant food.
Tomorrow is a shopping day! I want to get some new leggings, a new belt, and maybe some new shoes. We'll see. I saw a really cute pair of Frye boots I'd like to get, but I have to think about spending that much money on shoes. (Do I need them? No, but they are really super cute.) Maybe a new pair of skinny jeans - I'm really enjoying how my legs are getting some definition and looking better. If only the damn inner thigh would go away faster!
Saw a cute sweater purse online; I may go look at that tomorrow, too.
It's time to move the laundry and plant myself on the couch... I plan for an early day tomorrow.


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Family of missing man posts obitThe Associated Press | January 01,2013HYANISS, Mass. The family of a 23-year-old Massachusetts man who disappeared 10 days ago in Maine has posted his obituary in a Cape Cod newspaper.
The family of Prescott Wright of Barnstable wrote in the obituary in the Cape Cod Times on Sunday that he is a lover of people and a boat builder who lived for the water.
Wright and 21-year-old Zachary Wells of Burlington, Vt., disappeared on Dec. 20 from a gathering at Wells home in Kennebunkport, Maine. On Christmas Eve, Maine Marine Patrol found clothing on Goat Island, a mile from Wells home.MORE IN Vermont NewsHYDE PARK A lawyer for a sheriffs deputy who saw a domestic abuse investigation against him... Full StoryMONTPELIER The Vermont Board of Education is seeking public comment as members draft a... Full StoryPolice: Snowball Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1778, Capt. James Cook is first European to set eyes on Maui in Hawaiian Islands; 1922, Pharoah Tutankhamun found after 3000 years; 1909, Hollawood movie star Frances Dee born in Los Angeles.
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medical treatment using chemicals, such as chemotherapy.
The cancer patient is undergoing chemiatrics.
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The Premier League has its newest member: Queens Park Rangers
May 24, 2014, 12:02 PM EST
Congratulations, Queens Park Rangers, on your promotion to the Premier League! QPR beat Derby County in the Championship Playoff Final, with Bobby Zamora putting a 90th minute goal past a diving Lee Grant.
This means (as of now) there will be quite a few familiar faces returning to the first division: Joey Barton. Bobby Zamora. Richard Dunne. Rob Green. And, of course, Harry Rednapp.
Most neutrals were displeased with the result, however. In the first half, Derby had a penalty appeal waved away, then shortly thereafter, Dunne wasn't punished after committing a handball.
It's not the officiating as much as the desire to have a new face in the Premier League – or at least, to not have Queens Park Rangers returning after just a year away. Many are unimpressed by QPR, who have a hefty wage bill and play a style of football that doesn't appeal to many watchers. Derby, however, haven't been in the top flight since 2007-2008, when they set a record…of scoring the least points in the Premier League, with just 11.
Six years later, and such cursed form hit Derby once more. The Rams seemed comfortably on top in the final 30 minutes, after Gary O'Neil was sent off for bringing down Johnny Russell as the forward went free on goal. Green was up to the challenge, saving anything Derby sent his way, but QPR weren't making much of their rare attacks.
Then, in the 90th minute, a defensive error from Richard Keogh put the ball right at Zamora's toes. The 33-year-old wasted no time firing in his left-footed shot – and putting QPR back into the Premier League. To their credit though, the goal was sublime, and it will be interesting to see what adjustments they make for the upcoming season.
QPR joins Leicester City, who won the Championship title with two games to spare, and Burnley, who comfortably took second, in being promoted for the 2014-2015 season.
- nextmanup81 - May 24, 2014 at 1:20 PM
So Julio Cesar has surely played his last game for Toronto FC, one would have to think.
- jrocknstuff - May 24, 2014 at 1:39 PM
Yep, he'll head back to London right after the World Cup, although Green played very well today.
- wynswrld - May 24, 2014 at 5:54 PM
Joey Barton's back? Ugh.
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In a previous post I wrote of why I like to participate in hackathons. This time I'd like to talk about how to participate. What sort of prep work you will need to to get ready.
Some time ago, I started a hobby project: writing a new operating system. I'm not trying to create a concurrent to Linux, I'm just trying to learn some more stuff about operating systems. In this post, I'll describe the boot process I've written for this operating system.
After upgrading from Apache 2.2 to 2.4 in a Windows development environment, all my virtualhosts stopped working. I could add syntax errors to the files which would make Apache refuse to start up, or get notices about invalid document roots, but the virtual host server names just wouldn't catch on.
Many organizations offer APIs. The really interesting trend is that APIs are being used to automate tuning of cloud-based applications to meet varying demands
According to this recent article, there are changes to come for NoSQL databases. The article looks at the origins of NoSQL - MongoDB in particular - and its reasons for existing, but the central argument is that there is an increasing and still-unmet need for performance to match the scalability of NoSQL databases.
I wish that I could have more control over virtual memory. In particular, what I would really like at this time is the ability to map two virtual address ranges to the same physical memory. However, what I would like to do is to have a pure memory based system, without any files being involved.
In my opinion a deployment of any application should be as automated as possible to avoid errors due to manual mistakes. This is no different with a Mule ESB application. This instrument makes the governance of the deployment of your Mule applications into different environments easier and therefore the whole deployment cycle less error-prone.
Another tool for making your API development life easier has emerged on GitHub this week. The new tool is called Alpaca.
Neo4j as a graph database features indexing as the preferred way to find start points for graph traversals. Over the years multiple different indexing approaches have been added. The goal of this article is to give an overview on this to avoid confusion, especially for those who just recently got started with Neo4j.
This installment of Arthur Charpentier's regular collection of data science-related links includes the impact of computer models on economics, climate science and public health, an introduction to Python for econometrics, statistics, and data analysis, and alternative solutions and perspectives on Bayesian tests.
In a recent debate about NoSQL vs. SQL on Hackernews, the author was made aware of an amusing paper by Erik Meijer and Gavin Bierman. What they are claiming in their article is the fact that SQL and NoSQL are duals of each other, i.e. two sides of the same coin.
Rather than the best of the week this week, let's see the most popular articles NoSQL had to offer in 2013. The year's best include 5 things for Java developers to consider, an aptly-titled critique of blogs that attack popular tech simply for the sake of the clicks, Martin Fowler's introduction to NoSQL, and much more.
Rather than the best of the week this week, let's take a look at the most popular articles Big Data had to offer in 2013. The year's best include Google's Big Data papers, the basics of creating a MapReduce program with Hadoop, a hashmap internal implementation analysis in Java, and much more.
Recently, Hubway finished its Data Visualization Challenge. The purpose of the challenge is to create appealing visualizations that provide Hubway with cool insights in how customers are using their bikes. As the author had 8 hours to spare on a flight to New York, he decided to give it a go.
This is intended as a bare-bones intro to saving for retirement, targeted at software engineers. Ballpark, you make about $100k a year in your 20s. If you want to have that same income in retirement, you need about four million dollars saved up.
Discover best practices and the most useful tools for building the ideal integration architecture.
Want to be an MVB? There's a page for that.


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The No. 1 Reason You Feel Refreshed After Camping
By Jessica Sanders
Cure insomnia for a weekend: go camping. Learn why sleeping in a tent is the best way to sleep better at night.
Whether you're looking to outfit yourself for your next big race or get the latest hiking gear for your next camping adventure, find all the essentials and more with this gear guide.


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A method of evaluating a containment building design includes the steps of assembling a first database of test results; selecting models (algorithms) for the design to be evaluated; comparing a first set of test results of the model to test results in the first database of test results; establishing uncertainty boundaries for the first set of test results of the model; assembling a second database of test results; determining whether the test results of the second database are within the uncertainty boundaries of the model; and evaluating an actual or proposed containment building design based upon the model when test results of the second database are within the uncertainty boundary.
1. A structured method of evaluating design basis accident parameters that will impact nuclear power plant containment designs, the method comprising the steps of:
assembling a first database of test results;
selecting a model for identifying the design basis accident parameters applicable to specific type of nuclear power plant containment design to be evaluated;
comparing a first set of results of the model to test results in the first database of test results;
establishing uncertainty boundaries for the first set of results of the model;
assembling a second database of test results;
determining whether the test results of the second database are within the uncertainty boundaries of the model; and
evaluating an actual or proposed containment building design based upon the results of the model when test results of the second database of test results are within the uncertainty boundary.
2. The method of
the test results of the first database of test results relate to a portion of a containment building design; and
the test results of the second database of test results relate to multiple portions of a containment building design.
3. The method of
establishing revised uncertainty boundaries for the first set of results of the model; and
determining whether the test results of the second database are within the revised uncertainty boundaries of the model.
4. The method of
establishing revised uncertainty boundaries for the first set of results of the model; and
determining whether the test results of the second database are within the revised uncertainty boundaries of the model.
5. The method
6. The method
7. The method
8. The method
9. The method of
10. The method of
This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/157,888, filed Oct. 5, 1999.
This invention relates to methods for evaluating designs of products, and more particularly, to methods for evaluating nuclear power plants and components therein.
Nuclear power plants include a containment structure that houses the nuclear reactor portion of the plants. Throughout the development of the nuclear power industry, a large number of key experiments have been performed which characterize various aspects of nuclear power plant containment structure performance under postulated accident conditions. These experiments include such large scale tests as: the Marviken suppression pool dynamics test program; the Carolinas-Virginia Tubular Reactor (CVTR) containment experiments; extensive HDR full scale containment experiments; the Containment Systems Test Facility (CSTF) experiments; the Battelle-Frankfurt containment compartmentalization tests; and the NUPEC containment experiment that has been characterized as an International Standard Problem (ISP-35).
These numerous experiments provide key data and insights related to the containment structure performance under a variety of postulated accident conditions. These data and insights specifically relate to those features of the containment structure that would influence radioactive releases to the environment assuming a Design Basis Accident (DBA) leakage rate. Furthermore, these data, combined with more numerous separate effects experimental data, characterize individual aspects of the different containment designs that have been used throughout the United States, Europe and the Far East. Separate effects tests are those limited scale experiments that are generally well instrumented but focus on a specific physical process (phenomenon) such as condensation. Large scale tests approach the size of a containment building and include all the relevant physical processes, i.e. condensation, natural circulation, compartmentalization, containment sprays, etc.
To date, individual experiments have been compared to a variety of approaches for designing and evaluating containments with respect to their licensing basis, which includes the releases of radioactive fission products due to the design basis leakage rate. However, no uniform process has been established to synthesize the huge amount of experimental data available from these large scale containment experiments and additional small scale separate effects experiments in a technically defensible manner such that the ensemble of the data can be used to evaluate the performance of given containment designs. Furthermore, no methodology has ever synthesized this database across a spectrum of containment designs such that the technical bases for decision making is uniform for all designs. The various types of nuclear power plant containments include those used for Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs), specifically the Mark I, Mark II and Mark III containment designs, as well as for the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWRS) which include large dry, subatmospheric and ice condenser containment designs.
It would be desirable to have a uniform method for the evaluation of a product design that uses the data resulting from various independent tests and simulations of various aspects of the product. More particularly, it would be desirable to have a uniform method for the evaluation of nuclear reactor containment structures that uses data resulting from various large scale experiments and separate small scale separate effects experiments relating to such containment structures.
This invention provides a structured method of evaluating a design and includes the steps of assembling a first database of test results; selecting physical models relevant for the design to be evaluated; comparing a first set of test results of these models to test results in the first database of test results; establishing uncertainty boundaries for the first set of test results of the models; assembling a second database of test results; determining whether the test results of the second database of test results are within the uncertainty boundaries of the model; and evaluating an actual or proposed design based upon the resulting models when test results of the second database of test results are within the uncertainty boundary.
If the second data base test results are not within the uncertainty boundaries of the model, the process of assembling the first database and selecting the relevant physical models is repeated and adjusted so that the test results of the second database will fall within the uncertainty boundaries of the resulting integral model. This forces closure of the process. The physical models are mathematical models (algorithms) that are used to model the design, or components thereof, that is under evaluation.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram that illustrates the method of the present invention; and
FIGS. 2 and 3 are graphs of containment structure pressure, showing example results obtained using the invention.
The method of this invention is referred to as the �5 Step Structured Treatment for Analytical Representations� or simply the 5 SSTAR process. The preferred embodiment of the invention will be described with respect to the evaluation of nuclear power plant containment structures. However, it should be understood that the invention is applicable to the evaluation of other products as well.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a flow diagram that illustrates the method of the present invention. The first step in the process, as illustrated in block 10, is the establishment of a technical basis for the evaluation. This is done through the identification of the major physical processes, as shown in block 12, that will serve as the basis for the subsequent technical evaluation of the product design to be evaluated. For example, in the evaluation of a containment structure in a nuclear power plant, such processes include: condensation, entrainment, aerosol behavior, recirculation flows, and iodine chemical state. Once the relevant physical processes have been identified, the uncertainty boundaries of the parameters associated with those processes are quantified as shown in block 14. The parameters are obtained from relevant experiments that have been previously reported in the relevant technical literature. Blocks 16, 18, 20 and 22 represent the relevant parameters that can be applied in the evaluation of a nuclear reactor containment structure. Values for these parameters are obtained from previously conducted experiments that relate to the physical processes as shown in blocks 24, 26, 28 and 30. In the step illustrated in block 14, a comparison is made of the results of these individual experiments with physical models (algorithms) published in the open literature (and proprietary literature where available). For example, algorithms published to represent steam condensation is the presence of noncondensible gases are evaluated through this invention. The result is that publsihed algorithms, or a new modified algorithm, is demonstrated to be sufficient to represent this phsyical process in a containment building including the influences of experimentally observed uncertainties. The uncertainty boundaries are obtained by comparing published algorithms, or modified algorithms, with the spectrum of identified relevant experimental evidence. For example, when evaluating an algorithm describing (modeling) steam condensation in the presence of noncondensible gases, some of the relevant separate effects experiments to evaluate (test) the applicability of the algorithms are those of Uchida (Proc. Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 13, 93, 1965), Tagami (Japanese Atomic Energy Research Agency, unpublished work, 1965) and Dehbi et al. (AlChE Symposium Series, Heat Transfer, Minneapolis, No. 283, Vol. 87, 1991).
The uncertainty boundaries are then characterized as shown in block 32 into one of several categories, such as best estimate, pessimistic, optimistic, high or low. Through this comparison, the method of this invention develops a characterization of the uncertainty spectrum that must be included for each model to assure that individual models properly represent the spectrum of experimental information included in the first step of cataloguing of physical processes. In the preferred embodiment of the invention as applied to the evaluation of containment structures, the information developed from separate effects and integral tests, which is confirmed through comparisons with large scale containment experiments is characterized for individual phenomena in terms of five different conditions: best estimate, optimistic/low, optimistic/high, pessimistic/low, and pessimistic/high. In this sense the integral tests are the most meaningful and demanding comparisons since these include all of the relevant phenomena are present in the same manner that they would exist (and co-exist) in a nuclear power plant containment building.
For these evaluations, the best estimate is self-explanatory in terms of the model parameters developed from comparisons with the experimental results (data). In the application of this invention to a containment building of a nuclear power plant, pessimistic boundaries are those uncertainty boundaries for model parameters that would tend to increase the containment pressure and/or the fission product release from containments as analyzed for the design basis (DBA) evaluations. Optimistic boundaries are those uncertainty boundaries that would clearly decrease the containment pressure and/or the fission product releases from the containment.
It is also likely that there will be model parameters, which are not clear in terms of their influence on the containment pressure or fission product releases from the containment. Specifically, these elements may have complex interactions during the evaluation which tend to cause some aspects to be pessimistic and others to be optimistic. Given this ambiguous condition, these parameters are then considered as high and low values where the high is simply the largest value of the model parameter justified by the comparisons with the results from the separate effects and integral tests with the low value being the lowest magnitude of the model parameter resulting from these comparisons with experimental measurements (data processing).
Through this uncertainty evaluation, the five different categories are used in the method to characterize the uncertainty boundaries resulting from the data processing, which are to be used in assessing the containment response. This provides an integral method for representing a synthesis of the vast amount of small scale and large-scale experimental data into the containment assessment. Furthermore, this provides for a synthesis of the integral information available for a given containment design and the net result of the uncertainties associated with the individual processes which make up the integral evaluation.
After the uncertainty boundaries have been characterized, a comparison is made of the calculated integral response for the combined physical processes with data from large-scale containment experiments as shown in block 34. The large-scale containment experiments will include most, or all, of physical processes cataloged in the first step. In the preferred embodiment, the large-scale experiments are those listed in background section above, as shown in block 36. Through this comparison, the uncertainty bands for the combined processes investigated in the second step are tested. This part of the data processing assures that the composite modeling used to represent individual containment designs is in agreement with the observations from these appropriate large scale experiments and that the uncertainty or spectrum treated properly characterizes (straddles) the extent of experimental observations from the individual tests. If the uncertainty spectrum does not straddle the data, some physical processes are ill-characterized. At this stage, the process requires a re-examination of the data and determine what feature(s) has (have) been missed, as illustrated by block 38, and a return to the first step. In this regard, the process demands closure for the uncertainty evaluations, which is an essential part of the process. If the uncertainty boundaries are sufficient to bound the measured data in block 34, the uncertainties can be applied to the specific design that is to be evaluated, as shown in block 40.
The practical application of this method is to characterize the performance of current and future nuclear power plant containment structures. In particular, the containment structures are assessed in terms of their response to several different DBA accident conditions where the containment functions, including isolation, are characterized according to their technical specification. Through the processing of major experimental data, the assessment for the containment response can be evaluated in terms of the relevant experiments and the uncertainties associated with the physical behavior(s) identified (or confirmed) by the ensemble of experimental information relevant to the containment response. With this process, the technical specifications can be put on more rational (technically defensible) bases, which would substantially reduce the cost of maintaining the containment system including relevant emergency safeguard systems.
This invention provides several unique features including:
a) the quantification of individual model parameters (coefficients) for algorithms representing individual physical processes with the extensive experimental information published in the open literature and the available proprietary literature;
b) the characterization of the variations in these model parameters (coefficients) as best estimate, pessimistic, optimistic, high or low; and
c) the demand for closure on the set of physical processes that are to be modeled in representing containment behavior.
The criteria for closure requires that the uncertainty spectrum must straddle the major elements of the containment response, which are typically the containment pressure transient and temperature transients in various containment compartments. Through the closure process, one confirms that the major physical processes are represented. With this and the uncertainty spectrum, the response to specific accident conditions can be represented and with the uncertainty spectrum presented by the proposed mixing of best estimate, pessimistic, optimistic, high and low model parameters, an appropriate conservative assessment can be formulated for design basis evaluations. Through such an assessment, the conservative boundary to be used by regulatory agencies can be established on a rational basis, without being unduly conservative and therefore without forcing the expenditure of large amount of money to maintain containment equipment to unjustifiably conservative limits. However, for this to be accomplished, the closure demanded by this process must be achieved.
Through using the five different categories the influence of all uncertainties are efficiently considered; those which have a known effect on the final calculation and those whose effects are not as obvious. These uncertainty boundaries can be verified through Monte Carlo analyses when necessary but the five combination generally straddle the uncertainty boundaries from Monte Carlo studies.
As an example for the practical application of this process, consider the evaluation of the full scale German containment facility Heiss Dampf Reaktor (HDR) experiments for a small break Loss-Of-Coolant accident (LOCA). In this set of experiments, the potential for stratification of light gases (hydrogen) was investigated. This is also an important evaluation criteria for some current nuclear plant power containment designs. When applying the proposed methodology to this specific set of conditions, the major physical processes identified to be evaluated (the first step in the process) include: condensation on the containment walls, natural circulation flows throughout the various containment compartments, the rising of low density gaseous �plumes� when hydrogen is release into the containment, natural circulation cooling on the containment outer surface, cooling when external spray is used to cool the outside of the containment dome, and the thermal conduction of energy into the reinforced concrete structures which make up most of the containment inner and outer walls.
Each of these processes has a considerable experimental database, which needs to be evaluated and synthesized with the other phenomena to yield a usable product. Once the major phenomena are identified, available experiments from the literature are reviewed to determine: (a) the relative contributions of the above processes; and (b) the uncertainty boundaries. Those physical processes have dominant influences on this set of conditions where the natural circulation flows, including the countercurrent natural circulation flows that could occur when the high temperature gases are released into a room below the dome region. Furthermore, the potential for forming a �plume� of low density gases is also one of the controlling features. In this step, data from the open literature enables the uncertainties associated with these processes to be quantified. One of the most important features for these postulated accident conditions is the effect of thermal conductivity of the reinforced concrete structures, which is difficult to quantify for reinforced concrete. Here, a substantial uncertainty (a factor of 2) needs to be considered if the information associated with a particular concrete is not quantified.
The third step in the process is to determine the nature of the uncertainty boundaries. For this example, that boundary, which defines the highest containment pressure, would be the most pessimistic for this assessment with the lower value being taken as the optimistic boundary. For this example, it is not necessary to pursue a best estimate calculation, but in an actual application, such assessments would be made.
Through the use of these physical principles, including the uncertainty associated with the concrete thermal conductivity, the comparison of the integral calculation using the MAAP4 code can be tested with the data reported for the HDR small LOCA experiment (the fourth process step). It is noted that the MAAP4 code is not a part of the process. It is only the vehicle for application. The process can be applied using any computer code with similar capabilities. FIG. 2 is a graph on containment structure pressure that illustrates such a comparison (test) with the single uncertainty variation of a factor of 2 in the concrete effective thermal conductivity. In FIG. 2, curve 42 represents measured data. Curve 44 represents modeled data and curve 46 represents modeled data with the concrete in a containment structure doubled. This shows that the simple approach of varying this single parameter essentially brackets the measured data and provides a convenient means for such analyses to be generalized to nuclear power plants for small LOCAs. A complete evaluation considers several different accident conditions.
This invention has been applied to the comparison with the measured behavior for one of the CVTR large scale containment experiments (test 5 for steam condensation including the influence of containment sprays). FIG. 3 is a graph showing the containment pressure versus time results of this example. The pessimistic estimate is shown as line 48, while the opomistic estimate is shown as line 50 and the best estimate calculation is shown as line 52. This figure shows the experimentally measured containment building pressure as individual data points as individual squares, triangles and circles. All of the data points lie within the uncertainty boundaries. The capabilities for this structured approach to straddle the experimental measurements is well illustrated in this figure. This provides confidence that the process has ensured that all the important physical phenomena have been considered and that the uncertainties in these phenomena are also evaluated in a manner consistent with all the relevant technical knowledge.
Once such detailed physical descriptions are applied to most applicable nuclear power plant containment buildings (step five in the process), it is found that the potential for stratification of light gases is negligible because of the increased length (height) for mixing of the gases. Therefore, this process has the practical application of synthesizing these important physical observations and at the same time applying such a detailed understanding to the complex evaluations for nuclear power plants. Through such a process, the large database for evaluating such physical principles can be utilized and brought to bear on specific issues, which may, or may not, be a concern for nuclear power plant containments. By using this process, engineering resources can be effectively channeled to those issues where further work may be required and avoid the needless wasting of resources on issues where the extensive technical database, when properly developed through separate effects tests and qualified on large scale experiments like HDR, shows that such considerations are not important in nuclear power plant designs and/or operation.
While this example for HDR is relatively simple, it clearly illustrates the uniqueness of the proposed process. Specifically, closure of the uncertainty calculations is required and this results from demanding that the calculations �straddle� the measured behavior. While the example shows the measured containment pressure in a small LOCA transient and the uncertainty boundaries determined from best estimate physical descriptions plus the uncertainty boundaries for the effective thermal conductivity of the concrete, a similar comparison is done for the temperatures in the containment. These are of particular importance in establishing the environmental qualification conditions for operating components in the containment atmosphere. Hence, through this rational process the environmental qualification envelope for these components can be established in a manner that is consistent with the synthesized, technical basis including the experience from large scale containment experiments covering a wide range of accident conditions. Consequently, this important imposition of closure on the uncertainty processes is not only unique in terms of assuming that all the major physical processes are considered but is also unique in the manner that the extensive experimental data base is reduced to a usable set of conditions for nuclear power plant containment evaluations.
This process forces closure on all analytical representations such that meaningful experiments are not considered to be successfully represented by the analysis until the modeling calculations with uncertainties are demonstrated �to straddle the experimental results.� By enforcing this criteria, the process is more stringent than that typically used in the nuclear industry today. Furthermore, it forces the analysts to continue investigating the comparison to determine if fundamental physical representations (models) are missing, until reasonable uncertainty bounds enable the model to �straddle the data.� This is a unique limitation on the modification of analytical models, and computer codes. In essence, this process provides a mechanism for unifying the representation of all relevant experimental information, for a given application. Additionally, this then defines reasonable uncertainty boundaries. While the immediate application is containment analysis, the usefulness of the process is much greater than this single purpose.
The principle benefit is that the closure process for assuring that physical representations can �straddle the relevant data� to ensure that the fundamental physical processes involved in a technical evaluation are well characterized and represented. Furthermore, when this process is applied to the combination of separate effects tests and integral experiments, which is the specific application related to containment analyses, the process provides a means for unifying all of the relevant experimental information into well characterized analytical models with uncertainty boundaries. Moreover, the process enables an efficient evaluation of the influence for such uncertainty boundaries on integral analyses by characterizing these boundaries as either optimistic or pessimistic, where such characterizations are clear, or high and low when they are not clear. An important benefit of the invention is to provide a structured process that rationalizes (draws together) all of the relevant experimental information such that realistic technical evaluations can be performed, implemented and defended.
This invention provides a unique means of assimilating, understanding and applying the technical knowledge base to the design and licensing of nuclear power plant containment buildings. The method results in a mathematical model having parameters with uncertainty boundaries that encompass available experimental data. This mathematical model can then be used to evaluate containments for nuclear power plants.
While the present invention has been described in terms of what is at present believed to be its preferred embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes can be made to the described embodiment without departing form the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
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[Updated on: Wed, 17 February 2010 07:36 UTC]
[Updated on: Thu, 11 February 2010 05:10 UTC]
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