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eDigital Research and Lexalytics Team Up on Real Time Text Analytics
November 11, 2014
Through the News section of their website, eDigitalResearch announces a new partnership in, "eDigitalResearch Partner with Lexalytics on Real-Time Text Analytics Solution." The two companies are integrating Lexalytics' Salience analysis engine into eDigital's HUB analysis and reporting interface. The write-up tells us:
"By utilising and integrating Lexalytics Salience text analysis engine into eDigitalResearch's own HUB system, the partnership will provide clients with a real-time, secure solution for understanding what customers are saying across the globe. Able to analyse comments from survey responses to social media – in fact any form of free text – eDigitalResearch's HUB Text Analytics will provide the power and platform to really delve deep into customer comments, monitor what is being said and alert brands and businesses of any emerging trends to help stay ahead of the competition."
Based in Hampshire, U.K., eDigitalResearch likes to work closely with their clients to produce the best solution for each. The company began in 1999 with the launch of the eMysteryShopper, a novel concept at the time. As of this writing, eDigitalResearch is looking to hire a developer and senior developer (in case anyone here is interested.)
Founded in 2003, Lexalytics is proud to have brought the first sentiment analysis engine to market. Designed to integrate with third-party applications, their text analysis software is chugging along in the background at many data-related companies. Lexalytics is headquartered in Amherst, Massachusetts.
Cynthia Murrell, November 11, 2014
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, developer of Augmentext
Textio is a Promising Text Analysis Startup
November 6, 2014
Here's an interesting development from the world of text-processing technology. GeekWire reports, "Microsoft and Amazon Vets Form Textio, a New Startup Looking to Discover Patterns in Documents." The new company expects to release its first product next spring. Writer John Cook tells us:
"Kieran Snyder, a linguistics expert who previously worked at Amazon and Microsoft's Bing unit, and Jensen Harris, who spent 16 years at Microsoft, including stints running the user experience team for Windows 8, have a formed a new data visualization startup by the name of Textio.
"The Seattle company's tagline: 'Turn business text into insights.' The emergence of the startup was first reported by Re/code, which noted that the Textio tool could be used by companies to scour job descriptions, performance reviews and other corporate HR documents to uncover unintended discrimination. In fact, Textio was formed after Snyder conducted research on gender bias in performance reviews in the tech industry."
That is an interesting origin, especially amid the discussions about gender that currently suffuse the tech community. Textio sees much room for improvement in text analytics, and hopes to help clients reach insights beyond those competing platforms can divine. CEO Snyder's doctorate and experience in linguistics and cognitive science should give the young company an edge in the competitive field.
Cynthia Murrell, November 06, 2014
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, developer of Augmentext
I2E Semantic Enrichment Unveiled by Linguamatics
July 21, 2014
The article titled Text Analytics Company Linguamatics Boosts Enterprise Search with Semantic Enrichment on MarketWatch discusses the launch of 12E Semantic Enrichment from Linguamatics. The new release allows for the mining of a variety of texts, from scientific literature to patents to social media. It promises faster, more relevant search for users. The article states,
"Enterprise search engines consume this enriched metadata to provide a faster, more effective search for users. I2E uses natural language processing (NLP) technology to find concepts in the right context, combined with a range of other strategies including application of ontologies, taxonomies, thesauri, rule-based pattern matching and disambiguation based on context. This allows enterprise search engines to gain a better understanding of documents in order to provide a richer search experience and increase findability, which enables users to spend less time on search."
Whether they are spinning semantics for search, or if it is search spun for semantics, Linguamatics has made their technology available to tens of thousands of users of enterprise search. Representative John M. Brimacombe was straightforward in his comments about the disappointment surrounding enterprise search, but optimistic about 12E. It is currently being used by many top organizations, as well as the Food and Drug Administration.
Chelsea Kerwin, July 21, 2014
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, developer of Augmentext
SAS Text Miner Gets An Upgrade
May 5, 2014
SAS is a well-recognized player in IT game as a purveyor of data, security, and analytics software. In modern terms they are a big player in big data and in order to beef up their offerings we caught word that SAS had updated its Text Miner. SAS Text Miner is advertised as a way for users to not only harness information in legacy data, but also in Web sites, databases, and other text sources. The process can be used to discover new ideas and improve decision-making.
SAS Text Miner a variety of benefits that make it different from the standard open source download. Not only do users receive the license and tech support, but Text Miner offers the ability to process and analyze knowledge in minutes, an interactive user interface, and predictive and data mining modeling techniques. The GUI is what will draw in developers:
"Interactive GUIs make it easy to identify relevance, modify algorithms, document assignments and group materials into meaningful aggregations. So you can guide machine-learning results with human insights. Extend text mining efforts beyond basic start-and-stop lists using custom entities and term trend discovery to refine automatically generated rules."
Being able to modify proprietary software is a deal breaker these days. With multiple options for text mining software, being able to make it unique is what will sell it.
Whitney Grace, May 05, 2014
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, developer of Augmentext
Meme Attention Deficit
April 27, 2014
I read "Algorithm Distinguishes Memes from Ordinary Information." The article reports that algorithms can pick out memes. A "meme", according to Google, is "an element of a culture or system of behavior that may be considered to be passed from one individual to another by nongenetic means, especially imitation." The passage that caught my attention is:
Having found the most important memes, Kuhn and co studied how they have evolved in the last hundred years or so. They say most seem to rise and fall in popularity very quickly. "As new scienti?c paradigms emerge, the old ones seem to quickly lose their appeal, and only a few memes manage to top the rankings over extended periods of time," they say.
The factoid that reminded me how far smart software has yet to travel is:
To test whether these phrases are indeed interesting topics in physics, Kuhn and co asked a number of experts to pick out those that were interesting. The only ones they did not choose were: 12. Rashba, 14. 'strange nonchaotic' and 15. 'in NbSe3′. Kuhn and co also checked Wikipedia, finding that about 40 per cent of these words and phrases have their own corresponding entries. Together this provides compelling evidence that the new method is indeed finding interesting and important ideas.
Systems produce outputs that are not yet spot on. I concluded that scientists, like marketers, like whizzy new phrases and ideas. Jargon, it seems, is an important part of specialist life.
Stephen E Arnold, April 27, 2014
Small Analytics Firms Reaping the Benefit of Investment Cycle
April 23, 2014
Small time analytics isn't really as startup-y as people may think anymore. These companies are in high demand and are pulling in some serious cash. We discovered just how much and how serious from a recent Cambridge Science Park article, "Cambridge Text Analytics Linguamatics Hits $10m in Sales."
According to the story:
Linguamatics' sales showed strong growth and exceeded ten million dollars in 2013, it was announced today – outperforming the company's targeted growth and expected sales figures. The increased sales came from a boost in new customers and increased software licenses to existing customers in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. This included 130 per cent growth in healthcare sales plus increased sales in professional services.
This earning potential has clearly grabbed the attention of investors. This, is feeding a cycle of growth, which is why the Linguamaticses of the world can rake in impressive numbers. Just the other day, for example, Tech Circle reported on a microscopic Mumbai big data company that landed $3m in investments. They say it takes money to make money and right now, the world of big data analytics has that cycle down pat. It won't last forever, but it's fun to watch as it does.
Patrick Roland, April 23, 2014
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, developer of Augmentext
Twenty Electric Text Analytics Platforms
March 11, 2014
Butler Analytics collected a list of "20+ Text Analytics Platforms" that delve through the variety of text analytics platforms available and what their capabilities are. According to the list, text analytics has not reached its full maturity yet. There are three main divisions in the area: natural language processing, text mining, and machine learning. Each is distinct and each company has their own approach to using these processes:
"Some suppliers have applied text analytics to very specific business problems, usually centering on customer data and sentiment analysis. This is an evolving field and the next few years should see significant progress. Other suppliers provide NLP based technologies so that documents can be categorized and meaning extracted from them. Text mining platforms are a more recent phenomenon and provide a mechanism to discover patterns that might be used in operational activities. Text is used to generate extra features which might be added to structured data for more accurate pattern discovery. There is of course overlap and most suppliers provide a mixture of capabilities. Finally we should not forget information retrieval, more often branded as enterprise search technology, where the aim is simply to provide a means of discovering and accessing data that are relevant to a particular query. This is a separate topic to a large extent, although again there is overlap."
Reading through the list shows the variety of options users have when it comes to text analytics. There does not appear to be a right or wrong way, but will the diverse offerings eventually funnel
down to few fully capable platforms?
Whitney Grace, March 11, 2014
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, developer of Augmentext
Getting a Failing Grade in Artificial Intelligence: Watson and Siri
February 12, 2014
I read "Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid" in 1999 or 2000. My reaction was, "I am glad I did not have Dr. Douglas R. Hofstadter critiquing my lame work for the PhD program at my university. Dr. Hofstadter's intellect intimidated me. I had to look up "Bach" because I knew zero about the procreative composer of organ music. (Heh, heh)
Imagine my surprise when I read "Why Watson and Siri Are Not Real AI" in Popular Mechanics magazine. Popular Mechanics is not my first choice as an information source for analysis of artificial intelligence and related disciplines. Popular Mechanics explains saws, automobiles, and gadgets.
But there was the story, illustration with one of those bluish Jeopardy Watson photographs. The write up is meaty because Popular Mechanics asked Dr. Hofstadter questions and presented his answers. No equations. No arcane references. No intimidating the fat, ugly grad student.
The point of the write up is probably not one that IBM and Apple will like. Dr. Hofstadter does not see the "artificial intelligence" in Watson and Siri as "thinking machines." (I share this view along with DARPA, I believe.)
Here's a snippet of the Watson analysis:
Watson is basically a text search algorithm connected to a database just like Google search. It doesn't understand what it's reading. In fact, read is the wrong word. It's not reading anything because it's not comprehending anything. Watson is finding text without having a clue as to what the text means. In that sense, there's no intelligence there. It's clever, it's impressive, but it's absolutely vacuous.
I had to look up vacuous. It means, according to the Google "define" function: "having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless." Okay, mindless. Isn't IBM going to build a multi-billion dollar a year business on Watson's technology? Isn't IBM delivering a landslide business to the snack shops adjacent its new Watson offices in Manhattan? Isn't Watson saving lives in Africa?
The interview uses a number of other interesting words; for example:
- Hype
- Silliest
- Shambles
- Slippery
- Profits
Yet my favorite is the aforementioned—vacuous.
Please, read the interview in its entirety. I am not sure it will blunt the IBM and Apple PR machines, but kudos to Popular Mechanics. Now if the azure chip consultants, the failed Webmasters turned search experts, and the MBA pitch people would shift from hyperbole to reality, some clarity would return to the discussion of information retrieval.
Stephen E Arnold, February 11, 2014
From Scanning to eDiscovery to Fraud Triangle Analytics
February 9, 2014
Search and content processing vendors are innovating for 2014. The shift from a back office function like scanning to searching and then "solutions" is a familar path for companies engaged in information retrieval.
I read a 38 page white paper explaining a new angle—fraud triangle analytics. You can get a copy of the explanation by navigating to http://bit.ly/1o6YpnXi and going through the registration process.
The ZyLab concept is that three factors usually surface when fraud exists. These are a payoff, an opportunity, and " the mindset of the fraudster that justifies them to commit fraud."
ZyLab's system uses content analytics, discovery, sentiment analysis, metatagging, faceted search, and visualization to help the analyst chase down the likelihood of fraud. ZyLab weaves in the go-to functions for attorneys from its system. Four case examples are provided, including the Enron matter.
Unlike some search vendors, ZyLab is focusing on a niche. Law enforcement is a market that a number of companies are pursuing. A number of firms offer similar tools, and the competition in this sector is increasing. IBM, for example, has products that perform or can be configured to perform in a somewhat similar manner.
IBM has the i2 product and may be in the process of acquiring a company that adds dramatic fraud detection functionality to the i2 product. This rumored acquisition adds content acquisition different from traditional credit card statements and open source content (little data or big data forms).
As some commercial markets for traditional search and content processing, some vendors are embracing the infrastructure or framework approach. This is a good idea, and it is one that has been evident since the days of Fulcrum Technologies' launch and TeraText's infrastructure system. Both date from the 1980s. (My free analysis of the important TeraText system will appear be available on the Xenky.com Web site at the end of this month.)
At ZyLab, search is still important, but it is now a blended set of software package with the FTA notion. As the world shifts to apps and predictive methods, it is interesting to watch the re-emergence of approaches popular with vendors little known by some today.
Stephen E Arnold, February 9, 2014
Government Buys into Text Analytics
February 7, 2014
What do you make of this headline from All Analytics: "Text And The City: Municipalities Discover Text Analytics"? Businesses have been using text mining software for awhile and understand the insights it can deliver to business decisions. The same goes for law firms that must wade through piles of litigation. Are governments really only catching onto text mining software now?
The article reports on several examples where municipal governments have employed text mining and analytics. Law enforcement agencies are using it to identify key concepts to deliver quick information to officials. The 311 systems, known as the source of local information and immediate contact with services, is another system that can benefit from text analytics, because it can organize and process the information faster and more consistently.
There are many ways text analytics can be helpful to local governments:
"Identifying root causes is a unique value proposition for text analytics in government. It's one thing to know something happened — a crime, a missed garbage collection, a school expulsion — and another to understand where the problem started. Conventional data often lacks clues about causes, but text reveals a lot."
The bigger question is will local governments spend the money on these systems? Perhaps, but analytic software is expensive and governments are pressured to find low-cost solutions. Expertise and money are in short supply on this issue.
Whitney Grace, February 07, 2014
Sponsored by ArnoldIT.com, developer of Augmentext


text:
A microthruster (11) provides a small unit force. The microthruster is useful, for example, as a propellant for a microsatellite. The microthruster includes an aerospike (12) extending outwardly beyond the face of an outer wall of the chamber (14) of the microthruster in the vicinity of an outlet nozzle thereof formed by two diaphragms or burst disks (15, 16), closing the chamber on respective sides of the aerospike. The aerospike is preferably formed integrally with the chamber by batch microelectronic fabrication methods. Higher thrust efficiency and more controllable and uniform impulse characteristics are attainable with the microthruster and with an array (17) comprising a plurality of the microthrusters.
1. A microthruster for use as a propellant device for a microsatellite, the microthruster comprising:
a chamber for carrying a fluid which can be pressurised;
a diaphragm in a wall of said chamber for closing said chamber, said diaphragm being rupturable when the fluid pressure in said chamber is increased to a rupture pressure of said diaphragm so that the fluid flows out of an exit section for fluid propellant from the chamber creating a thrust impulse over a blow-down time, the size of said microthruster being selected such that the blow-down time of said microthruster is <103 microseconds; and
an aerospike formed integrally with the wall of the chamber of said microthruster in the center of said exit section of the chamber and extending outwardly beyond an outer face of the wall of said chamber in the vicinity of said diaphragm from a location inwardly of an inner face of the diaphragm so as to dynamically interact with the fluid being expelled from the chamber upon rupture of the diaphragm to provide an increased and more controllable impulse.
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14. A microthruster for creating a thrust impulse, said microthruster comprising:
a closed chamber for carrying a propellant with a portion of said chamber less resistant to rupture from elevated fluid pressure therein than other portions of said chamber; and
an aerospike formed integrally with the wall of said chamber of the microthruster and extending outwardly beyond an outer face of the wall of said closed chamber in the vicinity of said portion from a location inwardly of an inner face of said portion so as to dynamically interact with the fluid propellant expelled from said chamber when said portion is ruptured to provide an increased and more controllable impulse.
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Reference is made to copending, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/912,709, filed Aug. 18, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,131,385, issued Oct. 17, 2000, for Integrated Pulsed Propulsion System for Microsatellite, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a microthruster which provides a small unit of force and, more particularly, to a microthruster for use as propellant device for translating or rotating a microsatellite.
The use of extremely small thrust impulse bits in packages of sub-millimeter length scales is under consideration for a wide variety of applications. The small size has so far made it desirable to keep the construction simple by producing only a simple burst disk nozzle opening Upon opening a burst disk, the gas expels from the thrust chamber and produces an impulse. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/912,709 referred to above discloses an integrated pulsed propulsion and structural support system for a microsatellite employing a microthruster capable of being fabricated by batch processing similar to integrated microelectronics.
Aerospike thrust augmentation has been used in large scale thrusters for several applications in the aerospace community, but not in microthrusters. In particular, aerospike rocket engines have been built and tested at launch vehicle length scales, but not at microelectromechanical (MEMS) length scales. These large scale thrusters for launch vehicles provide several hundred thousand pounds or more of thrust in a continuous thrusting application. This is in contrast to the small unit of force associated with microthrusters, typically expressed in impulse units of micro to nano-pound-seconds, for example, which occurs only over an extremely short interval or blow-down time, less than or equal to 103 microseconds. The aerospikes in large scale thrusters have been formed as separate elements supported by struts attached to the thruster and are subject to a thermal management problem, e.g., heating.
There is a need for an improved microthruster that will provide higher thrust efficiency. A second need for development of thrust impulse bits is to make the magnitude of the impulse from microthrusters more uniform and controllable. This feature is valuable for design controllability when combining individual microthrusters to form arrays and for achieving minimum altitude dependence of thrust for either individual microthrusting or arrays of microthrusters. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved microthruster useful, for example, as a propellant for a microsatellite, capable of meeting these needs.
A microthruster according to the present invention comprises a closed chamber for carrying a fluid with a portion of the chamber less resistant to rupture from elevated fluid pressure than other portions of the chamber. The microthruster further includes an aerospike, which extends outwardly beyond the face of an outer wall of the closed chamber in the vicinity of the portion less resistant to rupture. The aerospike can be either axisymmetric or linear. It has been found that this microthruster of the invention improves the gas dynamics during propulsion for higher thrust efficiency and more controllable and uniform impulse characteristics. The microthruster is particularly useful as a propellant for a microsatellite.
In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the aerospike is located between two adjacent diaphragms which close the chamber of the microthruster and form an exit section of the chamber which allows exit flow along the surface of the aerospike upon rupture of the diaphragms. It has been found that the introduction of the aerospike in the center of the exit section, opened by use of the two diaphragms in the form of two burst disks (or by an annular burst disk for an axisymmetric aerospike design), thereby allowing exit flow on each side of the aerospike, produces a higher impulse (19% more by calculation), as well as more uniform impulse performance over altitude variations, as compared with the microthrusters of application Ser. No. 08/912,709, which have no thrust augmentation. Preferably, the aerospike is formed integrally with the microthruster, Advantageously, it has been found that there is no thermal management (heating) problem with the aerospike in the microthruster of the invention.
The microthruster of the invention is preferably part of an array configuration comprising a plurality of the microthrusters stacked together, side-by-side, to provide numerous linear (or axisymmetric) impulse bits. The microthrusters of the inner array and those of the outer arrays in the array configuration can be exposed to different external pressure. However, because the bit impulse from the improved microthruster of the present invention is relatively pressure-independent, the array configuration with the microthruster of the present invention produces a more uniform thrust and hence is more controllable, as compared with an array configuration formed of microthrusters of the type disclosed in the aforementioned application Serial No. 08/912,709.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a microthruster without thrust augmentation, as in prior application Ser. No. 08/912,709, the microthruster being shown in cross-section through its chamber and depicting the streamline contours of the flow of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber through the nozzle after rupture of the diaphragm or burst disk;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration similar to FIG. 1 of a microthruster with aerospike for thrust augmentation according to the present invention, which is an improvement over the microthruster in FIG. 1, and wherein the aerospike extends outwardly beyond a face of an outer wall of the chamber between two diaphragms (or annular diaphragm or burst disk in the axisymmetric design) or burst disks which together form an exit section for fluid propellant from the chamber;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the microthruster of FIG. 1 shown before rupture of the diaphragm and expulsion of fluid propellant;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the microthruster of the present invention of FIG. 2 shown before rupture of the two diaphragms (or annular diaphragm) of the exit section and expulsion of the fluid propellant;
FIG. 5A is a schematic plan view of a 2�2 array configuration of microthrusters of the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, wherein the microthrusters are stacked together side by side to form the array configuration composed of axisymmetric elements with axisymmetric aerospike geometry;
FIG. 5B is a schematic plan view of a 2�2 array configuration of microthrusters of the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, wherein the microthrusters are stacked together side by side to form the array configuration composed of linear elements with linear aerospike geometry; and
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view through a portion of a single wafer comprising a plurality of microthrusters of the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 which are formed integrally as part of the wafer.
A microthruster 1, without thrust augmentation, of the type disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/912,709, filed Aug. 18, 1997, is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. As disclosed in application Ser. No. 08/912,709, the microthruster 1 is an electric microthruster, particularly a resistojet thruster, formed with no moving parts. The present invention is not limited to this type of microthruster, but is disclosed in this context in the preferred embodiment depicted in FIGS. 2 and 4-6.
The microthruster 1 is adapted to be fabricated by laser machine techniques, as well as batch processing techniques normally used for microelectronics. The microthruster 1 is subject to relatively precise control and is adapted to provide a unit of force analogous to a bit in a digital logic system and, thus, may be considered as a digital propulsion system. The magnitude of the unit of force may be controlled by the geometry of the chamber 2, the choice of propellant, as well as the number of microthrusters used in a particular application. Arrays of microthrusters can be formed with, for example, 104-106 or more microthrusters per wafer.
The chamber 2 is formed in a generally cube or other, for example, hexagonal, octagonal, pyramidal, cylindrical, hemispherical, spherical, conical, etc., shape, for carrying a fluid or gas, such as an inert gas, that is closed by a diaphragm 3 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is a portion of the chamber 2 with less resistance to rupture from elevated fluid pressure than other portions of the chamber. Thus, the diaphragm 3 acts as a blow-out disk. An electric resistance element 4 is disposed adjacent (or inside) a side of the chamber 2, opposite the diaphragm 3. When a gas propellant is placed within the chamber 2, thermal energy added to the gas by way of the electrical resistance element 4 causes the gas to expand. When the gas pressure expands to a pressure equivalent to the rupture pressure of the diaphragm 3, the diaphragm ruptures which, in turn, causes the gas to flow out of the chamber, acting as a propellant in the same sense as a punctured balloon. The wall of the chamber 2 about the ruptured diaphragm or burst disk 3 serves as a simple nozzle for the gases being expelled from the microthruster. The gases may be products of burning solid or liquid reactants.
As shown in more detail in FIG. 3, the chamber 2 of microthruster 1 may be formed by top and bottom wafers 5 and 6 of silicon or other suitable material such as silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, Forturan, to make up the wafered construction. The side walls of the chamber 2 may be formed by way of silicon or glass spacers 7 and 8 or other suitable materials. In order to provide relatively accurate control of the microthrusters 1, address and sensor electronics, generally identified with the reference number 9, can be integrated into the microthruster 1, as generally shown in FIG. 3. Thus, in a microsatellite application, the amount of thrust can be relatively accurately controlled electronically in order to control the amount of force. In order to prevent debris from the diaphragm 3 from damaging the particular microsatellite with which it is used, a metal trace 10 may be disposed adjacent the top layer of silicon 5.
Various gases, including inert gases, suitable for use within the chamber 2, include nitrogen, argon, xenon, helium and carbon dioxide. The gases may be products of solid or liquid reactants. An ignitor may also be used in the chamber to enhance performance. The amount of force generated by the microthruster 1 decreases as a function of the elemental size of the microthruster. The force is also a function of the particular gas employed. The predicted blow-down time for the microthruster 1 is dependent on the size of the microthruster, as well as the particular gas utilized. The emptying time is greater for larger size microthrusters. However, in any case, the blow-down time for the microthruster is a relatively short period, typically less than or equal to 103 microseconds.
The microthruster 11 of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4 of the drawings addresses two requirements for microthruster development: production of greater impulse and more controllable impulse as compared with that obtained with a microthruster with no thrust augmentation as in FIGS. 1 and 3. According to the invention, an aerospike 12 is formed integrally with the microthruster in the center of an exit section 13 of the chamber 14 of the microthruster. The exit section 13 is opened by use of two burst disks 15 and 16, which allow exit flow on either side of the body of the aerospike 12 to produce a higher impulse as compared with the microthruster shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. It has been calculated that the impulse of the microthruster 11 is 19% greater than that with the microthruster 1 in FIGS. 1 and 3 having only a simple nozzle opening. In addition, it has been found that the gas dynamics of the aerospike 12 provide more uniform impulse performance over a) altitude variations�the bit impulse will be relatively altitude-independent; and b) under an array configuration consisting of numerous linear impulse bits stacked together side by side�the inner array and outer arrays (which see different external pressure) will produce more uniform thrust and, hence, be more controllable, as compared with an array configuration of microthrusters without thrust augmentation.
In the disclosed embodiment, the aerospike 12 extends outwardly beyond a face of an outer wall of the chamber and is located centrally between the two adjacent diaphragms 15 and 16. The body of the aerospike 12 extends linearly outwardly in the disclosed form thereof and is tapered inwardly in the direction of its outer, e.g., distal end with a straight taper. The axial length of the aerospike along the axis of the intended impulse from the chamber 14 is preferably at least approximately twice the wall thickness of the chamber as depicted in the drawings.
A 2�2 array configuration 17 comprising a plurality of the microthrusters 11 stacked together is illustrated in FIG. 5A. The burst disks 15 and 16 of each microthruster 11 in the array are annular in form for axisymmetric design (or rectangular for linear design), as seen in the plan view of FIG. 5B, and located on respective sides of the aerospike 12. Other array sizes could be employed, e.g., 5�3 or other to as large as 1000�1000 or more, for example.
The microthruster 11 is preferably fabricated by batch microelectronic fabrication methods, as noted above. For example, the fabrication techniques employed in making CMOS patterned electronics could be employed. In such case, the aerospike 12 is formed integrally with the chamber 14, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. FIG. 6 illustrates a portion of an array 18 of microthrusters 11, including a plurality of microthrusters, only two of which are shown, formed integrally, as part of a single wafer. The element size of the microthruster 11 in the disclosed embodiment is 900 μm �900 μm�1400 μm, but other sizes and shapes could be employed. An example of an ignitor which can be provided in the gas filled chamber 14 of the microthruster to improve performance is lead styphnate or other propellants which is fired by a large current pulse through resistor 4 of the microthruster.
While we have shown and described a preferred embodiment of the microthruster according to the present invention, as will be recognized by one skilled in the art, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Thus, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise and as specifically described above.
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Article Last Updated: Monday, December 24, 2012 1:30pm
Sam Green/Cortez Journal
Mr. Noodles dresses up for Christmas with a snowflake sweater and Santa hat. Mr. Noodles is the pampered pet of Dolores Elementary Principal Sherry Maxwell and her husband, Steve.
Email announcements to email@example.com and include "Community Calendar" in the subject field. Items submitted less than two weeks in advance will be less likely to be published. Entries and the calendar may be edited for length and content.Thursday, Nov. 20Mancos Public Library hosts a free preview of "Evolution of a Criminal," at 6 p.m., 211 West First Street, Mancos, followed by...


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Three zeroes Samsung Galaxy S II upfront fee
We rather like the Samsung Galaxy S II - you can read our thoughts on this tasty Android smartphone here - and now you can get one for next to nowt. Three is offering the 4.3in - handy if you're one of the many folk who favour a large display - dual-core handset for free on a £25-a-month two-year contract. The catch: you have to …
This is news?
Since at least November, Orange have had a deal on the SGSII, with more minutes, and data for £26 and no up front.
free.... dont make me laugh
Over two years the cost to you will £600 plus vat, they don't do this to lose money. They will also gain if you use more than 100mins or the dat allowance which is low.
The phone is also due for a replacement or update.
So this phone is free for only £720 inclusive, great deal.
And why's that news?!
I've seen plenty of deals with no upfront fee at that price.
In fact I got an S2 a few months back via Tesco's Mobile shop (actually on T-Mobile) for no upfront fee and with more minutes and data than that for £20 a month..
Can be had much much cheaper...
Alternatively you can find this phone with double the minutes and triple the data for £17.88 a month with line rental redemption, even without the hassle of the redemption it's only £26 a month and on a network that's not a complete travesty.
Good try at bagging yourself a freebie though
Better deals elsewhere...
There's been better deals for the S2 way before Christmas. I got an unbranded S2 under Orange Panther for 26/month, with more data and texts, plus additional cashbacks. With Orange Panther swappables you can get a Deezer subscription for free as well, which means I have my music sorted for the next two years...
Most read
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- Analysis Pity the poor Windows developer: The tools for desktop development are in disarray
- Chromecast video on UK, Euro TVs hertz so badly it makes us judder – but Google 'won't fix'


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WORLDWIDE VINTAGE AUTOS CALL OUR SALES TEAM AT 720 457 9145 MONDAY-SATURDAY 10AM-6PM AS ONE OF THE... More
Here's a nice little street cruiser with all the fixins! This one has a 350 small block with Weiand aluminum intake, Holley carburetor, Mallory... More
1967 Chevrolet Chevelle Super Sport for saleNew arrival - coming soon!... More
1969 Chevelle S/S Resto-Mod, Flawless Wimbleton White, Red SS Stripes, Bright Red Strato Bucket Seat Interior, Fresh Total Professional Restoration (115 Miles)! None Finer!!... More
A VERY SOLID, SHARP CAR1968 Chevelle SS. Originally 396 now has 350 with turbo 400. 373 richmond gears. Moser axles. 12 bolt. Car had... More
Here we have a nice Original 1965 Chevrolet Malibu Chevelle REAL SS Car, Factory Numbers matching small block 283,Engine stamped F0211DE also has its... More
1965 Chevrolet "Chevelle" Super Sport! "Triple Black" Bucket Seats with Console, Factory Air Conditioned, Tilt Steering Column, Power Steering & Power Brakes! 327 cu.in.... More
1967 Chevrolet "Chevelle" S/S 396 Pro-Tour in Air Conditioned Comfort! 496 cu.in. "New" w/Receipts 4-Speed Manual Transmission, "Lazar Straight" Triple Black Mirror Finish! Black... More
This 1965 Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu Super Sport 2 Door Convertible (Stock # P10041) is available in our Pleasanton, CA showroom and any inquiries may... More
1969 Chevrolet Chevelle1969 Chevy Chevelle Concorus 350 engine 350 trans 12 bolt rear end 51800 original miles. This is a garage find. Interior is... More
969 Chevelle s/b 350 all original (not SS)for sale.I've owned the car for 10 years.The car has many upgrades, it's a factory a/c car... More
We get so hung up on matching numbers and factory specs that it's often difficult to imagine a Chevelle that isn't just like all... More
For sale in our Chicago Showroom is a stunning 1968 Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu convertible. Powered by the stout numbers matching 327 V8 which... More
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Hello and Thank You for visiting our latest listing of another Classic Car by The Motor Masters! Up for sale is a 1967 Chevelle... More


text:
Original Paper
Focused ion beam fabrication and properties of nanoscale Josephson junctions for sensors and other applications
Article first published online: 9 MAR 2005
DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200460826
Copyright © 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
physica status solidi (c)
Volume 2, Issue 5, pages 1455–1462, March 2005
Additional Information
How to Cite
Blamire, M. G., Bell, C., Burnell, G., Kang, D.-J., Ruotolo, A. and Testa, G. (2005), Focused ion beam fabrication and properties of nanoscale Josephson junctions for sensors and other applications. phys. stat. sol. (c), 2: 1455–1462. doi: 10.1002/pssc.200460826
Publication History
- Issue published online: 9 MAR 2005
- Article first published online: 9 MAR 2005
- Manuscript Accepted: 1 DEC 2004
- Manuscript Received: 6 SEP 2004
- Abstract
- Cited By
- 74.50.+r;
- 74.81.Fa;
- 85.25.Cp;
- 85.35.–p
The methods of superconducting device fabrication by lithography and multilevel processing usually require a number of processing steps with lithographic resolution and alignment adequate for the scale of the device be fabricated. As an alternative, the focused ion beam (FIB) microscope is increasingly being used directly to fabricate devices. A major advantage of using a FIB compared to other lithography methods is its flexibility and high resolution. It allows in-situ, milling (∼5 nm at a beam current of 1 pA) to a variety of depths, and imaging (2 nm) of the sample. In this paper we describe our development of junction fabrication techniques using the FIB and their application in creating a range of potential sensor devices and quantum electronics applications. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


text:
Wed, 30 Jan 2013
SPCA Chief Executive Bob Kerridge replies to Gareth Morgans challenge. Interview by Karyn Hay & Andrew Fagan.
Karyn Hay & Andrew Fagan - RadioLIVE - 7pm-10pm - Mon-Fri
Become a fan of RadioLIVE on Facebook
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AUDIO: Andrew Little attacks John Key
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The animal cruelty shown in this video leaves no wonder that Huntly Rodeo was closed down
VIDEO: Hilary's viral video of the day - Grandmas Smoking Weed for the First Time
VIDEO: Hilary's viral video of the day - High Street Dancing Pensioner
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- Dr. Ron Valdiserri, Deputy Director of HIV research at the Centers for Disease Control.
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contact us.
By Amy Goodman with Denis Moynihan
It was a dramatic scene in the Senate this week. As Sen. Elizabeth Warren, presiding, announced the defeat of the Keystone XL pipeline, a Crow Creek Sioux man from South Dakota sang out in the Senate gallery. A massive people's climate movement against extracting some of the dirtiest oil on the planet had prevailed ... at least for now.
Obama Unveiling Executive Action to Shield Millions from Deportation
Immigration Executive Order Won't Cover Parents of Undocumented Youth, Health Benefits
DHS to Close Troubled Artesia Detention Center in New Mexico
FARC Rebels Agree to Free Colombian General Days After Capture
Israel Resumes Destroying Palestinian Homes; Thousands Attend Funeral for Jerusalem Victims
Israel Approves 78 New Illegal Settlement Homes in East Jerusalem
Civilians Reportedly Wounded in New U.S. Airstrikes on Syrian Border
Report: Assad Regime Escalates Strikes Following Launch of U.S.-led Bombing
Protesters Rally at Ferguson Police HQ as Grand Jury Decision Looms
Nursing Group Backs Navy Officer Who Refused to Force-Feed Guantánamo Bay Prisoners
NBC, Netflix Shelve Bill Cosby Projects as Rape Claims Resurface


text:
LOS ANGELES (MarketWatch) -- Japanese stocks traded flat to mildly lower in early Tuesday action, with the Nikkei Stock Average NIK, -0.14% off 0.1% minutes into the session, seemingly taking a breather after Monday's 0.5% gain. The Topix was little changed, as was the yen, with the dollar USDJPY, -0.15% buying ¥104.11, up fractionally from ¥104.04 at the previous stock-market close. Among Japan's top names, Panasonic Corp. 6752, +0.53% PCRFF, +0.48% edged up 0.2%, Toshiba Corp. 6502, +1.01% TOSYY, +0.85% rose 0.3%, Toyota Motor Corp. 7203, -0.14% TM, -0.21% added 0.5%, Nissan Motor Co. 7201, +1.27% NSANY, +1.82% inched 0.1% lower, Softbank Corp. 9984, +1.13% SFTBF, +1.12% fell 0.5%, and Sony Corp. 6758, -1.32% SNE, -1.37% retreated by 0.3% after restoring service on its PlayStation Network, which was disabled by a cyberattack a day earlier. Stock in Nomura Holdings Inc. 8604, -0.58% NRSCF, -0.29% waddled 1.4% higher, with flyonthewall.com reporting Credit Suisse raising its rating on Nomura shares to outperform from neutral. A major gainer was grocery-store operator Maruetsu Inc. 8178, +0.37% which advanced 5.4% following a Nikkei news report tipping a 50% surge in annual group operating profit, thanks to solid sales in beef and eel.
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CORPORATE STOCK-BUYBACK PROGRAMS are so commonplace as to barely merit acknowledgement by investors. Even stock analysts tend to ignore them.
Surprisingly, it turns out stock-buyback programs may create options trading opportunities.
Goldman Sachs, which recently studied this issue, is telling clients to start thinking of buyback programs as a persistent bid supporting stocks that can be exploited by selling puts.
After all, buyback programs represent a very large investor -- the company -- buying its own stock, which theoretically should support prices.
The study, authored by Anthony Carpet, Laura Conigliaro, Robert Boroujerdi, Maria Grant and Deep Mehta, concludes that selling puts is an attractive way to buy stock, or increase exposure, to companies with large buyback programs.
They found buyback programs potentially reduce the implied volatility of put options. And that may have broader implications for options volatility, which is the most important part of options prices.
While this point was not mentioned in the report, the findings suggest buyback programs might even lower overall options volatility. Why? Puts, which increase in value when stock prices decline, drive overall options volatility.
The natural position of investors is long -- that is they buy stocks and hope that prices increase -- so if stock-buyback programs reduce downside put volatility because someone is theoretically always buying stock if its price declines, options traders agile enough to isolate volatility may be presented with trading opportunities otherwise hidden.
To be sure, this buyback-volatility thesis, both for puts and for overall implied volatility, will be tested in 2010.
Many corporations' hoarded cash during the credit crisis as they were as unsure as individual investors as to what might occur. Goldman's analysts opine that low interest rates and big cash piles will now prompt many companies to take action. They think stock-buyback programs may prove popular.
Top put selling candidates include Jones Apparel Group (JNY), Schlumberger slb -3.3011681056373794% Schlumberger Ltd. U.S.: NYSE USD95.2 -3.25 -3.3011681056373794% /Date(1416952963822-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 10540933 AFTER HOURS USD95.38 0.179999999999993 0.18907563025210083% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 188372 P/E Ratio 18.202676864244744 Market Cap 126684859989.032 Dividend Yield 1.680672268907563% Rev. per Employee 388984 More quote details and news » (SLB), Occidental Petroleum oxy -2.1527305687740768% Occidental Petroleum Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD86.36 -1.9 -2.1527305687740768% /Date(1416953105632-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 6585714 AFTER HOURS USD86.36 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 248840 P/E Ratio 12.04463040446304 Market Cap 68439275040.2819 Dividend Yield 3.33487725798981% Rev. per Employee 1900700 More quote details and news » (OXY), Panera Bread pnra -1.7083333333333333% Panera Bread Co. Cl A U.S.: Nasdaq USD165.13 -2.87 -1.7083333333333333% /Date(1416952800246-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 472869 AFTER HOURS USD165.13 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1481 P/E Ratio 24.212609970674485 Market Cap 4530937209.77051 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 62793.4 More quote details and news » (PNRA), Safeway Inc. swy 0.02871912693854107% Safeway Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD34.83 0.01 0.02871912693854107% /Date(1416952941964-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1330699 AFTER HOURS USD34.83 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 27105 P/E Ratio 2.547915142648135 Market Cap 8026009929.65698 Dividend Yield 2.641401091013494% Rev. per Employee 255002 More quote details and news » (SWY), Nike nke -0.6738131699846861% Nike Inc. Cl B U.S.: NYSE USD97.29 -0.66 -0.6738131699846861% /Date(1416953065075-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 2801524 AFTER HOURS USD97.32 0.0299999999999869 0.030835646006783842% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 286889 P/E Ratio 29.571428571428573 Market Cap 84384790675.0592 Dividend Yield 1.15119745091993% Rev. per Employee 510212 More quote details and news » (NKE), Oracle orcl -0.6758387641805454% Oracle Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD41.15 -0.28 -0.6758387641805454% /Date(1416953027054-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 11910181 AFTER HOURS USD41.15 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 494059 P/E Ratio 16.93415637860082 Market Cap 183588934325.96 Dividend Yield 1.166464155528554% Rev. per Employee 315557 More quote details and news » (ORCL), AT&T t 0.345821325648415% AT&T Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD34.82 0.12 0.345821325648415% /Date(1416952803747-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 28440832 AFTER HOURS USD34.711 -0.109000000000002 -0.3130384836300976% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 901268 P/E Ratio 10.648318042813456 Market Cap 179988903957.367 Dividend Yield 5.284319356691556% Rev. per Employee 539798 More quote details and news » (T), 3M mmm -1.138353765323993% 3M Co. U.S.: NYSE USD158.06 -1.82 -1.138353765323993% /Date(1416952820142-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 3526235 AFTER HOURS USD158.06 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 120076 P/E Ratio 21.24462365591398 Market Cap 102454140008.882 Dividend Yield 2.163735290396052% Rev. per Employee 357190 More quote details and news » (MMM) and McDonald's mcd -0.17495111659977358% McDonald's Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD97 -0.17 -0.17495111659977358% /Date(1416953075394-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 5006918 AFTER HOURS USD97.18 0.180000000000007 0.18556701030927836% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 361934 P/E Ratio 18.9453125 Market Cap 94566228905.2662 Dividend Yield 3.5051546391752577% Rev. per Employee 63550.7 More quote details and news » (MCD).
The analysts say selling puts can be an attractive trading tactic because stock buybacks are generally positive for stocks, and for put volatility as they expect investors will perceive buyback programs as a sign of support for the stock at lower prices.
"These two outcomes are beneficial for put sellers who benefit both from stocks rising and volatility falling, both in general and in puts specifically," the analysts conclude.
While Goldman Sachs would like clients to trade these puts with the bank's traders in the private, over-the-counter markets where options contracts can be customized, the analysts say the listed markets are also suitable.
These are the characteristics of what they say makes a good put sale on a stock-buyback program:
- Sell puts that expire in six months and that are 5% out-of-the-money. This means the puts increase in value if the stock price declines by 5%. Of course, investors can pick any strike price that they wish but that changes the probabilities of simply collecting money for selling puts and buying stock.
- Six-month implied volatility is higher than three- and six-month realized volatility, indicating that the options market thinks the stock has a greater chance of moving in the future than in the past.
- Put volatility is elevated, as evidenced by "skew" -- the difference between out-of-the-money put and call implied volatility -- being higher than the average Standard & Poor's 500 stock.
- Buy- or Neutral-rated stocks that have not yet exceeded Goldman's price targets.
Of the companies covered by Goldman's research analysts, they estimate there exists about $1 trillion in buyback programs, an amount equal to nearly 10% of the market capitalization of the stocks the bank follows.
Of that $1 trillion, 56% of the money already has been deployed to buy stocks, while 13% remains suspended due to the economic and market upheavals that began in 2008. The analysts estimate this leaves "$332 billion in active dry powder, with another $134 billion suspended and on the sidelines for a total of roughly $465 billion."
Companies with the highest remaining stock-repurchase authorizations as a percentage of market capitalization, include: Safeway swy 0.02871912693854107% Safeway Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD34.83 0.01 0.02871912693854107% /Date(1416952941964-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1330699 AFTER HOURS USD34.83 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 27105 P/E Ratio 2.547915142648135 Market Cap 8026009929.65698 Dividend Yield 2.641401091013494% Rev. per Employee 255002 More quote details and news » (SWY), Joy Global (JOYG), Nike nke -0.6738131699846861% Nike Inc. Cl B U.S.: NYSE USD97.29 -0.66 -0.6738131699846861% /Date(1416953065075-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 2801524 AFTER HOURS USD97.32 0.0299999999999869 0.030835646006783842% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 286889 P/E Ratio 29.571428571428573 Market Cap 84384790675.0592 Dividend Yield 1.15119745091993% Rev. per Employee 510212 More quote details and news » (NKE), Panera Bread, Deere de 0.30850091407678243% Deere & Co. U.S.: NYSE USD87.79 0.27 0.30850091407678243% /Date(1416953050567-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 3966797 AFTER HOURS USD87.65 -0.140000000000001 -0.15947146599840528% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 93397 P/E Ratio 9.776169265033408 Market Cap 31368918372.0031 Dividend Yield 2.733796559972662% Rev. per Employee 545561 More quote details and news » (DE), Jones New York, Anadarko Petroleum apc -2.703287197231834% Anadarko Petroleum Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD89.98 -2.5 -2.703287197231834% /Date(1416952970942-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 5084931 AFTER HOURS USD89.98 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 90009 P/E Ratio N/A Market Cap 46836498829.0253 Dividend Yield 1.2002667259390976% Rev. per Employee 2963330 More quote details and news » (APC) and Earthlink elnk 1.8561484918793503% EarthLink Holdings Corp. U.S.: Nasdaq USD4.39 0.08 1.8561484918793503% /Date(1416952800215-0600)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 865790 AFTER HOURS USD4.3895 -0.000499999999999723 -0.011389521640091117% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 3494 P/E Ratio N/A Market Cap 441106949.405003 Dividend Yield 4.555808656036446% Rev. per Employee 393497 More quote details and news » (ELNK).
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This is not my line, but in the Wood County History book, published 1897, there is a bio on A. L. Muir. John Muir, grandfather of A. L. married Mary Prentiss and had John Muir, Jr. (and 6 others). John Muir, Jr., married Catharine C. Pember, daughter of Carlisle Pember. The portion as pertains to Carlisle and family reads thus: "He (John Jr) married Miss Catharine C. Pember, a member of the old pioneer family for whom Pemberville was named. Her father, Carlisle Pember, was a native of Pennsylvania and came in 1832 to Wood county, where he located on the "Dutch Fields" at the forks of the Portage river, now Pemberville, and erected sawmills and gristmills. He married Elizabeth Radabaugh (this is the way it is spelled in the book) and reared a family of four children." John Jr. and Catharine were still alive when the book was published. They had 7 chlidren: Elizabeth, the wife of James H. Muir; John, a guard in the penitentiary at Columbus; Robert, a collector at Toledo; Mary, the wife of Frank Cook of Chicago; A. L. (the person the bio is on); Charles, a farmer in Webster township and James P. the assistant superintendent of schools of Pemberville.
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I brewed a Breakfast Stout clone (from BYO) 6 weeks ago (2 week in primary, 4 in secondary). I am going to bottle this weekend, and I would like to add some Cardamom to part of the batch (Turkish Coffee Anyone?).
Here is my idea:
1. Split my priming sugar, and the beer in half.
2. Dissolve the sugar and water as usual, but put some cardamom pods in one of the sugar solutions.
3. Add the normal sugar solution to half of the batch, and add the cardamom sugar solution to the other half.
4. bottle as usual. half with the cardamom sugar, and half without.
I was thinking of lightly toasting my pods before adding them to the sugar solution.
Also, in order to get an idea of the strength of the cardamom that I like, I am thinking of making a similar solution, and adding it to an actual Founders Breakfast Stout (break it up into to 6 samples, adding different amount to each). Keeping the best ratio for the bottling. (not changing the sugar amount, but the cardamom amount).
Ok, this is long... thanks for reading!
Let me know if you have any thoughts, or have done anything similarly.
Sounds interesting. I would really not use too much, cardamom is some pretty potent stuff! That said, when cooking or making cider or tea with it, it's usually best to lightly split/crush them so liquid can get to the inside of the pod. I would guess it's a good idea to only do half the batch this way, but I still think it's a great idea. Let us know how it turns out if you do it!
I like your idea of Crushing the pods before using them.
I hope to find the balance of coffee and cardamom in this, but you're right, too much and it would just be overpowering.
-I will let you know how it turns out
any updates? I'm looking to do the same and would appreciate any advice
I ended up liking the ration that came out to be 1/2 pod per 12oz bottle. I broke open each of the pods, and just roasted the inside parts for a few minutes over medium high heat. I then ground it up, and added it to the sugar solution.
Like I said I split up the batch, so it was a bit more work than usual.
at first the cardamom flavor was really strong, but after a few months it has simmered down.
I think the desired strength may differ from person to person.
I don't know if I would do a whole batch with the cardamom, as it is not something i am in the mood for very often.
let me know if you have any specific questions.
Yeah, it sounds like it might be cool to do with like a gallon or two out of the batch rather than the whole thing. 1 pod per two bottles seems like a lot to me but I've never done it, so kudos to you!
Yeah it's strong stuff. You can use a single pod for a whole gallon of thick, spicy thai curry. I find beer is more sensitive than curry.
Cardamom is one of the strongest spices. 1 gram per 5 gallons in the boil is what some people recommend.


text:
Wiki Headlines
18th Nov: We've switched servers and will be updating the old code over the next couple months, meaning that several things might break. Please report issues here.
Total posts: [18]
How do I index a page?:
1 hebirekle, Thu, 26th Jul '12 6:15:41 PM from Wherever
The First and OnlyThe "how to index" page is not helpful- What do i actually have to do to index a page? Like, what are the steps to follow to index it?
"Hold strong, little starfish."
2 Deboss, Thu, 26th Jul '12 6:18:45 PM from Awesomeville Texas
I see the Awesomeness.1) Go to the appropriate index page you want to add a page to. 2) Click edit. 3) Scroll down and add the pages name (this is the page it is actually on, include all namespaces and what not) in the appropriate alphabetical position. 4) Click post/complete/whatever the word is.
That's not working. I tried to do this to index [[Awesome/Victorious]] and there's still no index.
Seeking for LightYour initial problem was that you didn't format it correctly, so it wasn't a link. After that, I suspect that you forgot to refresh (hard refresh) the Awesome.Victorious page so that you could see the index bar at the bottom. And by the way, the correct formatting for one word Wiki Words with namespaces is Namespace/{{Word}}. I've fixed it on the index. You may want to check out Text Formatting Rules.
edited 1st Oct '12 9:43:36 PM by Nocturna
MoonroseI am also having trouble indexing a page. I have followed the rules, but I keep getting stuck.
6 Septimus Heap, Sun, 11th Nov '12 3:58:46 AM from Zurich, Switzerland Relationship Status: Mu
A Wizard boyYou mean DefinitionofaHuman, right? On which index do you want to put it? I can't see any index edits. Also, the "does indexing" button is for indexes, not for pages to be indexed.
edited 11th Nov '12 4:00:32 AM by SeptimusHeap
MoonroseYeah. Sorry. I just want to put it in the fanfic index. It is a fanfiction series, but I saw a few others that way.
8 Septimus Heap, Sun, 11th Nov '12 9:37:30 AM from Zurich, Switzerland Relationship Status: Mu
A Wizard boyThere is no fanfiction index. There are a few indexes on Fan Fiction - you need to add your work there, and it should be indexed afterwards.
MoonroseOkay, I went to the fanfic list where I saw a lot of blue links and added it. And when I went back to my page I made, it had an index on the bottom. So...I didn't mess up horribly! YAY! Thank you!
Hey, just wanted to say this forum page was a huge help for me finally figuring out how to index. Thanks a million! If only the How Indexing Works page was as easy to understand.
11 Septimus Heap, Sun, 30th Dec '12 1:46:19 AM from Zurich, Switzerland Relationship Status: Mu
A Wizard boyHmm, yeah, that page could need some refining.
Necroing this because I'm having trouble with this. I'm trying to get Flight Highschool indexed under the Manhwa and Korean Webtoon links, but they're not showing up as indexed correctly. Weirdly enough, I have it indexed under Military and Warfare Anime and Manga correctly, even though it uses the exact same text formatting as those other two pages. What's preventing it from being indexed on those first two pages?
edited 16th Sep '13 12:16:21 PM by Why485
13 Septimus Heap, Mon, 16th Sep '13 12:20:43 PM from Zurich, Switzerland Relationship Status: Mu
A Wizard boyWhen an index isn't working, always try to make a blank edit on the index page. I did it for you, and the indexes now show up correctly.
Hm, that explains that. Thank you.
edited 16th Sep '13 12:47:10 PM by why485
I'm new here, and I'm having trouble indexing some pages I made: Ie Naki Ko Remi and Twilight Pretty Cure.
16 Septimus Heap, Tue, 29th Apr '14 5:00:13 AM from Zurich, Switzerland Relationship Status: Mu
A Wizard boyGreetings, we do have a page How Indexing Works, although your pages have a few more issues that need to be addressed before indexing (I'll explain them once I am back home).
17 liamash 3, Wed, 30th Jul '14 4:00:39 AM from Australia Relationship Status: Abstaining
The GamerI'm having a bit of trouble trying to index the page OverUsed. Could a moderator or friendly user tell me what I'm doing wrong? I tried to follow the rules posted here and in the How Indexing Works pages, but it didn't seem to work. I edited the page Alternate Universe Fic to include the OverUsed fanfic, but it didn't seem to solve the index issue. I did try and refresh both the OverUsed page and the alt. universe page, as well. What am I doing wrong?
edited 30th Jul '14 4:01:30 AM by liamash3
I like anime, reading fiction and playing video games.
18 Septimus Heap, Wed, 30th Jul '14 4:04:14 AM from Zurich, Switzerland Relationship Status: Mu
A Wizard boyYou did the rigth things, except that Alternate Universe Fic is not an index. I think FanFic.Video Games is the index you are looking for.
The system doesn't know you right now, so no post button for you.
You need to Get Known to get one of those.
Total posts: 18
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Honda Cars India dealership network expansion for higher regional market growth
Honda Cars India Limited (HCIL) is focused on expansion here driven by expansion of dealership network, production capacity and vehicle range. Through April – October 2014, HCIL registered 43% growth here
Dealership no 200 of Honda Cars India opened in Secunderabad
Honda Cars India has opened its 200th dealership in India, Metro Honda in Secunderabad. Metro Honda, was inaugurated by Hironori Kanayama, President and CEO, HCIL.
Honda Cars India 1 lakh unit sales Apr-Oct '14
Honda Cars India Ltd. (HCIL) reports domestic sales of 13,242 units in October 2014 over 11,214 units sold in October 2013, equating to 18% sales growth.
Honda Cars India reports 82% overall sales increase in Aug '14
Honda Cars India Ltd. (HCIL) reports monthly domestic sales of 16,758 units in August 2014 equating to 88% sales increase over 8,913 units sold in Aug '13. Overall sales for the month stood at 17,218 units over 9469 units sold in Aug '13.
Honda Mobilio MPV V(O) and RS(O) variants, price Rs 9.46 lakh onward
Honda Cars India has introduced two MPV variants, Honda Mobilio V(O) and RS(O). Features include Audio Video Navigation (AVN)and Rear View Parking Camera.
Honda Cars India has announced a new Jazz slated for launch in March 2015. This new hatchback has already made its presence felt in countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Zealand and Australia where it has been well received.
Honda India plans to hire 1,000 more: Amaze sales to cross 1 lakh this week
Launched in April 2013, Honda's compact sedan for India, Amaze is expected to cross 1 lakh unit sales this week. This is a huge milestone for them as none of their cars have touched the milestone 1 lakh figure in such a short period of 15 months.
Honda recalls 1,338 units of Accord and CR-V in India
Honda Cars India as part of  Honda global recall in respect to potential defects to passenger airbags has announced recall of some units of Honda CR-V and Accord. These airbag components are supplied by Takata Corporation and follows recalls by other automakers such as Nissan, BMW and Toyota.
Japanese automakers, Honda Motor Co, are optimistic of an increased sales pitch in the future. This optimism comes from the fact that the automaker is geared to launch new cars in India, first of which will be launched during the current fiscal year.
Will April 2014 warrant car price hikes for Mahindra, Honda, Tata Motors and others
The joy that last month's interim budget brought with it with the announcement of lower excise duties resulting in auto majors reducing car prices seems to be short lived. The recent announcement is that from as early as April, car prices from Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors and Honda Cars India are set to increase.
After 2015 Honda Fit production in Celaya, Honda begins Amaze production in Tapukara Plant, India
Honda manufacturing operations in North America last week saw a new boost with production start at new Celaya plant, Mexico. 2015 Honda Fit ( Honda Jazz in India) production is underway to meet customer demand for fuel-efficient subcompact models here. Enrique Pena Nieto, president of Mexico, and Takanobu Ito, president & CEO of Honda Motor Co., Ltd. were in attendance.


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Dr. Ananth Kashikar, MD
Anesthesiology, Baystate Medical Center
- 759 Chestnut St
Springfield, MA 01199
- 1 Office Location
- (413) 794-0000
Dr. Ananth Kashikar has been practicing medicine for 30 years. Dr. Kashikar graduated from the Osmania Med Coll, Ntr Univ of Hlth Sci, Hyderabad, Ap, India in 1984. He practices medicine in Springfield, MA and specializes in Anesthesiology. Dr. Kashikar is affiliated with Baystate Medical Center. He speaks Chinese, English, French and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 30 Years
Languages Spoken: Chinese, English, French, Spanish
Medical School: Osmania Med Coll, Ntr Univ of Hlth Sci, Hyderabad, Ap, India
Graduation Date: 1984
Hospital Affiliations: Baystate Medical Center
Specialties: Anesthesiology


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This recipe for puff pastry is quite a bit easier to make than the classic puff pastry method, which, truthfully, can be kind of tedious and time-consuming.
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Re-rolled puff pastry scraps will not rise properly. Get more tips and hints for cooking with puff pastry along with storage information.
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Here's a make-ahead, easy Danish puff pastry dough recipe. Learn how to make flaky Danish puff pastry with my easy recipe steps. Make a flaky puff pastry ...
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Recipe for classic puff pastry dough, called pate feuilletee in French. Links to photo tutorial.
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This recipe for blitz puff pastry is easier and faster to make than traditional puff pastry.
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Here's a make-ahead, easy Danish puff pastry dough recipe. Learn how to make flaky Danish puff pastry with my easy recipe steps. Make a flaky puff pastry ...


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DEFINITION of 'Blue Sheets'
Requests for information sent out by the Securities and Exchange Commission to market makers, brokers and/or clearinghouses. Blue sheets ask for information related to specific securities or transactions and are often requested in order to determine if there has been any illegal activity or to determine why, for example, a certain security experienced a large level of volatility.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'Blue Sheets'
Blue sheets provide the SEC with detailed information about trades performed by a firm and its clients. The information includes the security's name, the date traded, price, transaction size and a list of the parties involved.
The questionnaires came to be known as blue sheets because they were printed on blue paper. Today, due to the high volumes of trades, this information is provided electronically though electronic blue sheet systems or EBS.
Electronic Blue Sheet - EBSAn electronic request for detailed information about trades sent ...
Yellow SheetsA United States bulletin that provides updated bid and ask prices ...
Market MakerA broker-dealer firm that accepts the risk of holding a certain ...
New York Stock Exchange - NYSEA stock exchange based in New York City, which is considered ...
Pink SheetsA daily publication compiled by the National Quotation Bureau ...
Securities And Exchange Commission ...A government commission created by Congress to regulate the securities ...
Investing Basics
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Donner Metals,
zinc-copper mine,
Sandstorm Metals & Energy,
Sandstorm Gold,
Glencore Xstrata,
metal purchase agreement
LONDON Donner Metals Ltd. has forfeited its interest in the Bracemac-McLeod zinc-copper mine in the Matagami region of Quebec after failing to pay its share of monthly expenditures under a development and operating agreement.
The Vancouver, British Columbia-based mining company entered a metal purchase agreement in July 2011 with Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd., Sandstorm Metals & Energy (Canada) and Sandstorm Gold Ltd. for the mine.
Donner Metals failed to pay amounts owed under a development and operating agreement with Baar, Switzerland-based Glencore Xstrata Plc, which owns and operates the mine through a subsidiary.
Sandstorm Metals sent a letter to Donner Metals Aug. 30 saying that as of Aug. 15 it was in default of the metal purchase agreement.
Glencore Xstrata has issued a 3-percent net smelter return royalty to Sandstorm Metals on 100 percent of production from Bracemac-McLeod for the interest in Bracemac-McLeod acquired by Sandstorm Metals from Donner.
Glencore Xstrata also will gain an option to acquire 40.36 million Donner shares for $2 million and 26.5 million warrants at 10 cents per share. If Glencore Xstrata exercises its option and the warrants in full, it would own about 19.5 percent of Donners outstanding shares on a partially diluted basis.
Sandstorm Metals and Sandstorm Gold have given up their respective copper and gold streams, and Sandstorm Metals will issue 1.33 million shares to Donner Metals.
Donner still holds interests in five Matagami joint ventures, where exploration will continue.A version of this article was first published by AMM sister publication Metal Bulletin.
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Thanks for your input. Choosing a DSLR is a big decision. I'm a photohobbitiest, my former D40 did a good job. There are many factors to consider.
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and found 63 items
1133cc, 100bhp, 120mph, Insurance group
A year on from the now Polaris-owned brand's return with its new Chief, Indian has done it again with another all-new bike – the Scout. The company's quoted aim with the Scout was to build the 'best in class, mid-size American motorcycle', or, as company boss Steve Menneto more succinctly puts it: "It's our answer to the Sportster." In the ...
1298cc, 146bhp, 154mph, Insurance group 14
Often overlooked in favour of the new breed of adventure-style sports tourers, the new FJR is a fabulous piece of kit – fast, refined and fun. Although hugely competent and thoroughly desirable, the new FJR isn't that different to the older model. But there again, that's no bad thing as the out going bike is also excellent. Overall the new ...
299cc, 27bhp, 90mph, Insurance group
The J300 is an excellent entry into the competitive scooter market and shows the firm is really serious about the market. It's sits perfectly between lighter 125cc scooters and much larger and heavier maxi scoots, combining a good spread of power with good, easy handling.
798cc, 148bhp, 150mph, Insurance group 16
MV Agusta's new 148bhp F3 800, boasts 20bhp more power than its F3 675 baby brother, a massive 30bhp more in the midrange and higher spec cycle parts such as Brembo Monobloc calipers. Yes, it's more expensive, too, but the F3 800 is the most sorted, enjoyable and fun MV Agusta we've ridden in recent times, true exotica and far ...
821cc, 110bhp, 125mph, Insurance group 17
Replacing the original air-cooled 1100 and 796 versions, this second-generation Hypermotard has an 8v, liquid-cooled motor, a more forgiving riding position, ABS, traction control and electronic riding modes. Ducati are hoping these changes will broaden the appeal of their bad boy take on the supermoto. There are a few minor niggles, like a built-in blind spot in the mirrors and ...
1140cc, 88bhp, 125mph, Insurance group
There's no arguing that Honda has succeeded in producing what it set out to do. The CB11 is a beautiful recreation of an aircooled inline four; it's easy to handle and novice friendly and it has fantastic detailing inspired by bikes of old. It's a beautiful ornament and I can see many style or classic-conscious buyers who maybe want something ...
1690cc, 110bhp, 112mph, Insurance group 15
The Slim is essentially a standard Softail (ie a big twin with hidden rear shocks for that 'hardtail' look) but given (as seems to be repeatedly fashionable with cruisers from all manufacturers at the moment) the minimalist, '50s 'bobber'/hot rod look. The difference here, though, is the 'Slim' bit. Harley's view was that its existing Softails had become ever bigger ...
124cc, 15bhp, 65mph, Insurance group 4
You get all the style and cool of an original Vespa, wrapped up in a package with modern reliability and running gear. If you're commute is primarily on busy city roads the engine and handling are spot on. But the GTS struggles out on the open road.
849cc, 132bhp, 150mph, Insurance group 16
In all honesty, MCN hadn't expected great things of this bike. On one hand the new bike was at best surely only a 'lesser' version of the already aging Streetfighter 1098 – a bike that has slipped down the appeal ladder due to its £14,695 cost (Streetfighter S model only for 2012) and overpowering performance. On the other, even though ...
278cc, 22.8bhp, 70mph, Insurance group
The Yourban is not cheap, but it is aimed at those with either no desire or experience of two wheels as it can be ridden on a car licence, so the sure-footed, reassuring and unintimidating Yourban may well be worth the premium over conventional scooters.
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text:
A structural element for constructional systems, for example for building frames, comprises a rod-shaped basic body having first and second ends and a respective plug of profiled cross-section on each of said ends which fit into a respective blind hole and the ends of a further structural element which can be a rod-like element.
1. Structural element for constructional systems, for example for building frames, said element comprising a rod-shaped basic body having first and second ends and a respective plug of eight-cornered profiled cross-section on each of said ends, said plugs being either male or female and of the same profiled cross-section.
2. The structural element set forth in claim 1 wherein the profile of said profiled cross-section of said plug has a flat wavy contour.
3. The structural element set forth in claim 1 further comprising rod-shaped projections on the basic body, each said projection having a free end, and a respective plug on each said free end.
4. The structural element set forth in claim 1, wherein said eight-cornered profiled cross-section comprises eight-lobular projections of equal size and spacing provided by a series of alternating convex and concave arcs joined by relatively short tangentially extending straight portions to result in a flat, wavy contour.
The invention relates to a structural element for structural systems, for example for building frames. In this connection one can think both of climbing or scaffold frames and also frames for the construction of toys.
Frames are currently built up from rods or bars arranged both vertically and horizontally. These components are connected together and secured to one another by means of screws inserted through appropriate holes on or in the elements and secured in the assembled position by the use of nuts. Such frames are not only expensive but also required a lot of manual work in assembly and disassembly.
The object of the invention is to provide a simply constructed and also simply and conveniently used structural element for structural systems, for examples for building frames, which is easy to handle and in particular requires little manual effort when one builds, for example, a frame from such elements.
This problem is solved according to the invention by a structural element which comprises a rod-like or bar-like basic component on each of the two ends of which is a respective plug of profiled cross-section. In contrast to known frames it is possible with the element according to the invention, to build up any desired frame or the like by simple plug-in connections, the plug connection generally being sufficient to join the individual components of such a frame or other structural system sufficiently rigidly together.
According to a preferred advantageous embodiment of the invention the profile of the cross-section of the plug has eight corners. Such a profile allows a good positively keyed connection between the individual structural elements which are plugged together and the plug can be constructed both as a male or a female component, i.e. either a plug-in element or a socket shaped to receive such an element. On the basis of the eight-cornered form of the cross-section the elements according to the invention can be rapidly fitted together in a simple manner and without having to take care with regard to how accurately they are positioned relatively to one another.
According to a further feature of the invention the profiled cross-section of the plug has a lightly wavy contour. Such a contour has the advantage that it can be manufactured by an injection process from plastics using relatively simple tools as the tools do not have to have any undercuts. On the other hand it has been found that such a cross-section is sufficient in order to achieve a positively keyed plug connection of sufficient strength. In such an arrangement the tolerances between the co-operating profiles can be chosen so that a sufficiently permanent positive plug connection is achieved based on friction alone, and this achieves the result that structures such as frames built up from such elements are held together with adequate stability.
According to a further feature of the invention rod-shaped or bar-shaped projections could be provided on the rod-like or strut-like basic component of the construction or element according to the invention, extending radially with respect to the element, and each being provided with a plug at its outer end. Such elements can be used as a corner connectors for the frame structure or for joining together several simple rod-like or strut-like basic bodies or structural elements.
Although it is of particular advantage to manufacture the element according to the invention from plastics, preferably by injection moulding, it could also be made of other materials such as metal.
Two embodiments by way of example of the structural element according to the invention are illustrated in the drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rod-shaped element which has a male plug at one end and a female socket at the other end, in which can be inserted a male plug of another similar structural element,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another structural element with several radially extending projections, all parts having a male plug on their ends, and
FIG. 3 is a section to a larger scale of the profile of the plug according to the invention, showing the wavy shape of the contour of this plug.
The structural element 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 has a rod-like basic body 2 on the one end of which there is provided a male plug 3 with a profiled cross-section, while the other end contains a female plug or blind hole 4 which has the same contour as the plug 3 and accordingly is suitable and designed for insertion of the plug 3 of a corresponding or similarly constructed structural element.
The cross-sectional shape of the plug 3 and the blind hole 4 is illustrated in detail in FIG. 3 and will be further explained below.
The structural element 5 in FIG. 2 likewise has a rod-shaped base body 6 on the two ends of which are arranged a respective male plug 3. In addition, at about the central region of the body 6 there are radially extending rod-shaped projections 7, four such projections altogether in the embodiment illustrated, each of these projections 7 having on its outer end a male plug 3. This structural element 5 is suitable for forming a corner connection or node for a frame, whereby structural elements 1 of the kind illustrated in FIG. 1 can be joined at these nodes, in that one fits these rod-shaped structural elements with their blind holes 4 on the plugs 3 of the element 5.
Although in the element shown in FIG. 1 there is a male plug 3 on the one end and a blind hole 4 on the other end, i.e. a female socket, the element 1 could be made of the same form at both ends. Likewise it is possible, in the element 5 shown in FIG. 2, to provide female sockets in the form of blind holes 4 on the ends of the rod-like basic body 6 and the projections 7 instead of the male plugs 3 illustrated. One would select the appropriate version for the particular purpose required.
FIG. 3 shows that the plug 3 has in cross-section an approximately eight-cornered contour, the contour 8 extending in the form of low-profile waves, in order to avoid undercuts.
The contour 8 comprises eight-lobular projections of equal size and spacing provided by a series of alternating convex and concave arcs joined by relatively short tangentially extending straight portions to result in a flat, wavy contour. The blind holes 4 have a corresonding contour so that the plugs 3 fit into the blind holes 4. In this connection it is to be observed that the contour has no undercuts, and so the profile can be manufactured, for example from plastics by injection moulding, using relatively simple tools.
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Waging Peace
Women Against War supporting non-military ways of solving conflicts
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A Soldier's Heart. Remembering Jacob David George.
Jacob David George, born in 1982. Talented, patriotic, athletic, gifted, musical, Arkansas storyteller, son, older brother, colleague, friend, inspiration. Served three tours of duty in Afghanistan by the time he was 23 years old. He came home with Post Traumatic Stress syndrome and found that the drugs and constrained context of how he could share […] [Read More]
My Country..'Tis of Thee…
Here in Honolulu we are lucky to have a state law forbidding capital punishment. However, there is a capital murder trial being conducted currently as it is a Federal case involving a military person and his wife. It is distressing to think that anybody may be killed in cold blood using my tax dollars, but […] [Read More]
Finding Peace After War: A Review of The Compassionate Warrior
A growing body of literature for middle grade and teen readers explores the lives of child soldiers, young refugees, and other survivors of war. In the past, however, biographies of those who sent others to war often celebrated the feats of the generals, a majority of whom came from the United States or Western […] [Read More]