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A circuit for providing protection from effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) at input pins and internal nodes of an integrated circuit (IC) includes a regenerative comparator (Schmitt trigger) to perform triggering functions in response to input pulses applied to the input pin, resulting in hysteresis between high and low trigger voltages. The hysteresis extends durations of false pulses induced by presence of EMI at the input pin. A filter is coupled to the regenerative comparator, with a filter response time with a duration at least as great as the expected largest duration of EMI-induced false pulses including extended duration attributable to the hysteresis, for filtering out the EMI-induced false pulses. A pulse generator is coupled to the filter, for generating a pulse for application to the IC whenever a pulse applied to the input pin has a duration exceeding the duration of the filter time constant. The filter circuit also includes apparatus for changing a logic state of EMI-sensitive internal nodes of the IC which have relatively high RC time constants, are at a logic "1" state, and are in signal paths of the IC which determine operation of the IC, and converting the logic "1" state to a logic "0" state whenever EMI is present in the IC. The EMI-sensitive internal nodes of the IC electrically isolates the internal nodes, e.g., to inhibit them from discharging in the presence of EMI in the IC. The electrical isolation is provided by a resistor or a diode coupled between an internal node and a point of electrical ground reference. The internal nodes are EMI sensitive, each having a relatively high RC time constant for charging to a predetermined voltage level representing a logic value, located in a signal path of the IC enabled by IC circuit conditions to determine IC operation, and normally held at a logic "1" value during IC operation. When EMI detected in the IC, the logic value of the nodes is changed to logic "0".
1. A method for providing electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity for an integrated circuit (IC), comprising the steps of:
providing an input pin of the IC for receiving an applied input signal thereat;
analyzing an input signal in presence of EMI applied to said input pin, and determining therefrom the pulse width of any false pulse present in the input signal as a consequence of EMI, including accounting for extended duration of the false pulse attributable to IC-induced hysteresis; and
filtering an EMI-induced false pulse in the input signal with a filter having predetermined characteristics including a filter time constant having a duration at least as great as width of said EMI-induced false pulse.
2. The method of claim 1 further including the step of changing a logic state of EMI-sensitive internal nodes of the IC which have relatively high RC time constants, are at a logic "1" state, and are in signal paths of the IC which determine operation of the IC, from the logic "1" state to a logic "0" state during times when said EMI-sensitive internal nodes would otherwise propagate EMI-induced false pulses.
3. The method of claim 1 further including the step of electrically isolating EMI-sensitive internal nodes of the IC to thereby inhibit said internal nodes from discharging in the presence of EMI applied to said input pin.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of electrically isolating includes the step of inserting a resistor between an internal node to be provided with EMI immunity and an associated pull-up device.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of electrically isolating includes the step of inserting a diode between an integral node to be provided with EMI immunity and an associated pull-up device.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said IC has integral nodes which are EMI sensitive in that each of said EMI-sensitive internal nodes has a relatively high RC time constant for charging thereof to a predetermined voltage level representing a binary logic value, and each is located in a signal path of the IC which is enabled by IC circuit conditions to determine IC operation, and each is normally held at a logic "1" value during IC operation, and further including the steps of
detecting EMI in the IC, and
changing the logic value of each of said EMI-sensitive internal nodes from a logic "1" value to a logic "0" value and holding the respective EMI-sensitive internal node at said logic "0" value whenever EMI is detected in said IC.
7. A circuit for providing protection from effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) at input pins and internal nodes of an integrated circuit (IC), comprising:
regenerative comparator circuit means, coupled to an input pin of the IC, for performing triggering functions in response to input pulses applied to said input pin, resulting in hysteresis between high and low trigger voltages, said hysteresis tending to extend durations of false pulses induced by presence of EMI at the input pin; and
filter means, coupled to said regenerative comparator circuit means, having predetermined characteristics including a filter time constant with a duration at least as great as an expected largest duration of EMI-induced false pulses including extended duration attributable to said hysteresis, for filtering out said EMI-induced false pulses.
8. The circuit according to claim 7, further including pulse generator means, coupled to said filter means, for generating a pulse for application to said IC whenever a pulse applied to said input pin has a duration exceeding the duration of said filter time constant.
9. The circuit according to claim 7, further including state-changing means for changing a logic state of EMI-sensitive internal nodes of the IC which have relatively high RC time constants, are at a logic "1" state, and are in signal paths of the IC which determine operation of the IC, from the logic "1" state to a logic "0" state whenever EMI is present in said IC.
10. The circuit according to claim 7, further including means coupled to EMI-sensitive internal nodes of the IC for electrically isolating said internal nodes to thereby inhibit said internal nodes from discharging in the presence of EMI in said IC.
11. The circuit according to claim 10 wherein said means for electrically isolating includes a resistor coupled between an internal node to be provided with EMI immunity and an associated pull-up device.
12. The circuit according to claim 10 wherein said means for electrically isolating includes a diode coupled between an integral node to be provided with EMI immunity and an associated pull-up device.
13. The circuit according to claim 8 wherein said IC has internal nodes which are EMI sensitive in that each of said EMI-sensitive integral nodes has a relatively high RC time constant for charging thereof to a predetermined voltage level representing a binary logic value, and each is located in a signal path of the IC which is enabled by IC circuit conditions to determine IC operation, and each is normally held at a logic "1" value during IC operation; said circuit further including means for detecting EMI in the IC, and means for changing the logic value of each of said EMI-sensitive internal nodes from a logic "1" value to a logic "0" value and holding the respective EMI-sensitive internal node at said logic "0" value whenever EMI is detected in said IC.
14. A protection circuit coupled between an input pin and internal circuitry of an integrated circuit (IC) for protecting the IC from the effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI), the input pin for receiving an input signal and the protection circuitry for providing an output signal to the internal circuitry of the IC indicative of the input signal substantially excluding the effects of EMI, the protection circuit comprising:
means for filtering pulses occurring on the input pin that are less than a predetermined duration; and
means for referencing internal nodes of the protection circuit to a predetermined logic state during an EMI event to eliminate sensitivity of the internal nodes to EMI.
15. The protection circuit of claim 14 further including means inducing hysteresis effects on said input signal to extend durations of false pulses on said input pin attributable to effects of EMI, and wherein said means for filtering has a filter response time with a duration at least equal to the maximum extended durations of false pulses caused by said hysteresis effects, whereby to filter out the false pulses before application of said input signal to the internal circuitry of the IC.
16. A circuit for protecting an integrated circuit (IC) from electromagnetic interference (EMI) so as to avoid an inappropriate response by the IC to a false pulse induced at an input pin of the IC by an EMI event, the protection circuit comprising pulse width analyzer means coupled to the input pin and to internal circuitry of the IC for determining the duration of such a false pulse induced at said input pin, and filter means coupled to said pulse width analyzer means and responsive to a determination of duration of each such false pulse by said pulse analyzer means for setting response time of the filter means in accordance therewith to filter out the respective such false pulse before said internal circuitry of the IC can respond thereto, and further including electrical discharge means coupled to an internal node of the IC and responsive to occurrence of an EMI event for inhibiting discharge of the internal node upon said occurrence.
17. The protection circuit of claim 16, wherein said electrical discharge means comprises a passive electrical isolation element, a pull-up device, and electrical interconnecting means for connecting said passive electrical isolation element between said internal node and said pull-up device to enable the inhibition of discharge.
18. The protection circuit of claim 16, wherein said electrical discharge means is adapted to inhibit said discharge by holding the logic level of said internal node at "0".
The present invention relates generally to electromagnetic compatibility between electronic circuits, and, more particularly, to improvements by which to provide electromagnetic compatibility for input pins and internal nodes of an integrated circuit.
Electromagnetic compatibility CEMC) may be defined as the ability of an integrated circuit (IC), device or any system (collectively referred to herein as "system") to operate according to its designed specifications in a predetermined environment without introducing electromagnetic interference (EMI) internally or with any other system within the environment. Elimination of EMI in such situations is important because the interference may induce false signals within the system responsible for the interference or in some other system within the vicinity of the responsible system, which can cause either or both to operate in an improper manner.
EMC within an environment may be analyzed with respect to three main areas. The first of these is the compatibility of the system with its internal elements, attributable to its own operation. The second is the compatibility (or lack thereof) of the system with the environment, owing to the extent of EMI generated by the system which is injected into its environment. The third area of analysis is the compatibility (or lack thereof) of the environment with the system, owing to the extent of EMI generated within the environment which is injected into the system. The present invention focuses on this third area--that is, on the immunity of a system to EMI injected into it from, in this respect, the hostile environment in which it is designed or intended to operate--but it will be understood that the concepts presented herein may be useful for the other areas as well.
One type of electromagnetic interference that can cause false signals to be evoked within an IC from the environment, is electrostatic discharge (ESD). For example, ESD can be introduced into an IC when contacted, whether directly or indirectly, by a person who has just walked across a room, or when subjected to noise generated by other ICs, systems, or equipment within the environment. ESD interference, and electromagnetic interference in general, typically have an adverse effect on the performance of an IC in two ways. First, false input voltage levels may be induced on the input pins of the IC during the EMI event, which can cause the IC to respond--inappropriately--to the false signals. Second, internal nodes of the IC may be sensitive to the EMI event and fail to respond to it with sufficient speed, so that false logic levels are induced at the nodes.
Various techniques have been proposed in the past to eliminate or reduce the effects of extraneous signals or electrical interference on ICs and electronic systems. By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,113,098 to Teymouri describes a "glitch remover" circuit for eliminating noise spikes from control signals that are received at a small computer systems interface (SCSI) bus. The '098 patent glitch remover circuit includes an input buffer and a filter. The input buffer is a Schmitt trigger with hysteresis to remove the effects of the spikes around its threshold switching point, to provide a pulsed output voltage. The filter responds to the pulsed output voltage to pass a filtered pulse signal at an output terminal, but only when the pulses of the Schmitt trigger's output voltage have a width greater than a predetermined time interval. Thus, although this technique may remove or reduce noise glitches on a bus, it does not offer electromagnetic interference protection generally, or protect the internal nodes of a circuit from EMI.
It is a principal object of the present invention to provide techniques and methods for improving the electromagnetic compatibility for both the input pins and the internal nodes of an IC by which to render the circuit immune to electromagnetic interference.
The present invention provides EMC in which input pins of the IC are protected from EMI by first determining the width (duration) of a false pulse induced by an EMI event, and then filtering the false pulses out by setting the filter time according to the duration of each such pulse. At the same time, the invention protects internal nodes of the IC from EMI by inclusion of an isolation element such as a resistor or a diode between the internal node to be protected and an associated pull-up device, to inhibit discharge of the node on occurrence of the EMI event, or, alternatively, by forcing EMI-sensitive internal nodes to be held at a logic level or state of "0", rather than "1", during an EMI event.
The above and other objects, features, aspects, and attendant advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments and methods which represent the presently contemplated best mode of practicing the invention, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a simple IC diagram useful for describing the effect of EMI on an input pin;
FIGS. 2A, B, C, D, and E are graphs of signals at various points in the IC of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of an input buffer integral to the IC of FIG. 1, with a switching logic threshold of VDD /2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a Schmitt trigger useful in relation to effects of an EMI event at an input pin of the IC of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of means by which an internal node of the IC may be held at a particular logic level;
FIG. 6 corresponds to FIG. 5, with a resistor used as an isolation element;
FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 6, but with a diode used as the isolation element;
FIG. 8 is a detailed schematic diagram of a one-shot circuit;
FIG. 9 is a diagram similar FIG. 8, but modified to render integral nodes of the one-shot circuit insensitive to EMI;
FIG. 10 is a detailed block diagram of a protection circuit of the invention which provides both input pin and internal node immunity to electromagnetic interference;
FIGS. 11A, B, C, D, E and F; FIGS. 12A, B, C, D, E and F; and FIGS. 13A, B, C, D, E and F are graphs showing signals appearing at various points in the circuit of FIG. 10 for different input pulse widths; and
FIG. 14 is a detailed schematic diagram of an alternative input filter circuit for use in protecting an IC from electromagnetic interference.
Generally, ICs are susceptible to electromagnetic interference in two ways. First, upon occurrence of an EMI event, fluctuations typically occur in the power supply voltage. These fluctuations can range in amplitude from ground reference level to more than twice the power supply voltage level. Furthermore, because of induced delay between an input signal and the power supply voltage fluctuations attributable to package resistance, inductance and capacitance parasitics, one or more input pins of the IC may exhibit a false input level or pulse during the EMI event. If that occurs, the false voltage level at the input pin is likely to cause a false response by the IC. Second, various integral nodes within the IC may be sensitive to EMI. If those nodes fail to respond rapidly to an EMI event, a false logic level may be induced at the respective node. To provide adequate immunity from electromagnetic interference, techniques and methods must be devised to counteract the effects of EMI that occur at both the input pins and internal nodes of the IC.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the effects of EMI on an input pin 16 of IC 12 will be explained. Input pin 16 is coupled through external resistor 14 to a first supply voltage terminal 18 at which operating potential VDD is applied, to provide a constant logic "1" at input pin 16. However, during an EMI event, charge is injected into IC 12 which causes operating potential VDD to fluctuate, and thereby results in fluctuation of the input signal appearing at input pin 16.
FIGS. 2A, B, C, D and E graphically illustrate various signals in IC 12. These signals include the effects of package parasitics such as parasitic resistances, inductances and capacitances associated with the package lead frame, bonding wire and silicon parasitics. FIG. 2A illustrates a typical operating voltage VDD applied to IC 12 under the influence of an EMI event that begins at time T1. In these circumstances, the desired operating potential of 5 volts may vary between 0 and 10 volts. In FIG. 2B, the effect of this fluctuating operating potential has caused the signal appearing at input pin 16 to correspondingly vary between about 5 volts and 0 volts. The voltage level at input pin 16 is no longer held at the operating voltage VDD because the voltage appearing at the input pin cannot track the high voltage and frequency characteristics of the varying power supply voltage caused by the EMI event. Thus, input pin 16 is no longer held at an intended logic "1", and, if left uncorrected, the IC 12 will improperly respond to this logic change.
FIG. 3 shows a typical input buffer 30 which is internal to IC 12 and coupled to input pin 16, so that the buffer has a switching logic threshold of VDD /2. The output signal of buffer 30 resulting from its response to the input signal of FIG. 2B, is shown in FIG. 2C. The buffer output, which was intended to be a logic "0", contains several voltage spikes indicative of a logic high voltage level because the signal appearing at input pin 16 is no longer stable at 5 volts (a logic "1"). Accordingly, input buffer 30 would likely produce numerous false input pulses to the IC as a result of an EMI event.
Additionally, even if the switching threshold of the input buffer 30 was lowered by adjusting the sizes of internal PMOS and NMOS transistors (not shown) typically incorporated in such a buffer, fluctuations are still likely to occur to produce false input pulses as illustrated in FIG. 2D.
A Schmitt Trigger (ST) (also known as a regenerative comparator) 50 is shown in FIG. 4. The ST includes buffers 52 and 53, having their input terminals coupled in parallel to receive an input signal at pin 16. The output of buffer 52 is fed through an inverter 55. The outputs of inverter 55 and buffer 53 are applied to a set/reset (S/R) latch which includes NAND gates 57 and 58. The output of the S/R latch is applied as the input to an inverter 60, which provides the output signal of the trigger circuit.
ST 50 enables isolation of upper and lower input threshold switching voltages (Vth and Vtl, respectively), set by buffers 53 and 52, respectively, which causes the circuit to exhibit a phenomenon known as hysteresis, or backlash, representing the difference between the two voltage levels. Because of hysteresis, the ST triggers at a higher voltage for increasing than for decreasing signals. If the trigger circuit is driven by the input signal depicted in FIG. 2B, its output state will undergo a change whenever the level of that input signal falls below Vtl. However, the hysteresis prevents the ST from changing back to its original state until the voltage level of the input signal exceeds Vth. Typically, the latter event will not occur until the input signal level reach a value which is a significantly high percentage of the operating voltage VDD. Although this has a positive effect of filtering much of the small voltage fluctuation on the input attributable to a fluctuating voltage supply, if the input signal level fails to reach Vtt in one or more fluctuations the ST will actually increase the width of a false pulse which appears at its output--as illustrated in the graph of FIG. 2E. Hence, while a predetermined mount of hysteresis has the desirable effect of rejecting noise on input control signals, in the case where an EMI event is taking place the hysteresis has an undesirable effect of increasing the duration of false input pulses.
According to an aspect of the present invention, recognition is given to the fact that if the input pin of an IC is designed to have hysteresis, the factors that produce this hysteresis are to be taken into account in the simulation and analysis of the amount of filtering that will be required to protect the IC (e.g., IC 12) from the extended duration false pulses attributable to EMI. That is, the false pulses must be filtered out, and by knowing the mount of hysteresis involved, the induced extended duration EMI pulses can be predicted and simulated so that the mount of filtering required to eliminate or substantially reduce the effect of the EMI pulses may be calculated to render the input pin(s) immune to the effects of an EMI event. The filter characteristics should be chosen to minimize the filter time constant, to preclude degradation of overall system performance that would occur if input signals were required to have excessively long pulse widths, while at the same time, to enable the filter to substantially eliminate minimum duration pulses induced from EMI and extended as a result of hysteresis.
Since EMI may also have a deleterious effect on internal nodes within an IC which contributes to improper operation of the IC, another aspect of the invention provides that the sensitivity of the integral nodes to EMI may be characterized by an internal node which is intended to be held at a logic "1" through a pull-up element containing a parasitic diode referenced to VDD. Referring for example to FIG. 5, a circuit for holding an internal node 87 at a logic "1" includes an input transistor 81, a pull-up device/PMOS transistor 83, and a capacitor 85. Here, PMOS transistor 83 has a parasitic drain to N-well diode 89.
Initially, transistor 81 is rendered inoperative via the signal applied at node 82, and capacitor 85 is charged via transistor 83 and voltage VDD. Accordingly, internal circuit node 87 is held at a logic "1". When EMI is injected into the system, operating voltage VDD commences oscillation with both positive and negative going transitions, as illustrated in FIG. 2A. If VDD falls one diode voltage below the voltage level stored on capacitor 85, the parasitic diode 89 will become forward biased and provide a low impedance path for rapidly discharging capacitor 85, and hence, change node 87 from its initial condition of a logic "1". On the following low-to-high transition edge of voltage VDD, the parasitic diode again becomes reverse biased and turns off. But this establishes a race condition between the capacitor trying to recharge, and thus restore node 87 to its initial logic "1" state, through PMOS transistor 83 and the rising edge of voltage VDD which is attempting to re-establish the input threshold of the next stage, shown as inverter 91 in FIG. 5. If the fluctuating voltage VDD rises faster than the charging of capacitor 85 through PMOS transistor 83, inverter 91 will erroneously detect a logic "0" (a false logic state) until the voltage on the capacitor exceeds the threshold voltage of the inverter.
To alleviate such false logic signals at internal nodes, the present invention employs two alternative approaches. One approach is to introduce an isolation element between the capacitor and the parasitic diode to block or slow the discharge of capacitor 85 on the negative edge of VDD. In FIG. 6, the isolation element is a resistor 95 which is effective to slow the discharge of the capacitor on the negative transition of VDD. On the rising edge of VDD, however, the isolation resistor is merely part of the charging resistance (necessitating that the sizing of PMOS transistor 83 be adjusted to accommodate the added resistance).
In the circuit of FIG. 7, the isolation element is a diode 97 which is effective to block the discharge of the capacitor on the negative transition of VDD (because the diode is then reverse biased). However, on the positive transition of VDD, the diode will provide a low impedance charging path between transistor 83 and capacitor 85 so that the logic "1" state will be limited to a maximum voltage of VDD less the voltage drop across diode 97.
According to the invention, a second, alternative approach for eliminating or reducing the effect of false logic signals at internal nodes is to provide a circuit in which those internal nodes that are EMI-sensitive are held at logic "0" (rather than a logic "1") during the time when circuit conditions would otherwise allow the sensitive nodes to propagate a false signal which causes a system error. A sensitive node is defined for purposes of the invention as a node which has a relatively high RC time constant, is held at a logic "1" value, and is in a signal path that is enabled by circuit conditions to determine the chip (IC) operation.
To clarify this second approach, reference is made to FIGS. 8 and 9. In FIG. 8, a one-shot circuit 100 includes an inverter 102 having an input coupled to a set input of the one shot circuit and an output coupled to an input terminal of a NAND gate 104. An input of circuit 100 is also applied to another input terminal of NAND gate 104 and to an input of an AND gate 106. The output of circuit 100 is fed back as inputs to another terminal of AND gate 106 and yet another terminal of NAND gate 104. The output of NAND gate 104 is coupled to an integral node 105 of the IC which is coupled to an input of NOR gate 108 and returned to ground through a capacitor 110. The set input to circuit 100 is coupled to a second input of NOR gate 108, the output of which is coupled to another internal node 111. The latter is coupled to an input of inverter 112 and returned to ground through a capacitor 114. The outputs of AND gate 106 and inverter 112 are respectively coupled to first and second inputs of NOR gate 116, which has an output applied as an input to inverter 118. The output of the latter is the output signal of one-shot circuit 100.
In operation, the initial state of the output of one-shot circuit 100 is at a logic "1" which is forced by having a logic "1" at either of the two inputs of NOR gate 116. When the output of inverter 112 is at a logic "1", the input of the one-shot circuit is at a logic "0" and the set input is held at a logic "0". A corresponding logic "1" appears at integral circuit node 105 (across capacitor 110), while a logic "0" appears at circuit node 111 (across capacitor 114). Thus, in the circuit of FIG. 8, internal node 105 of one shot circuit 100 is EMI sensitive, being held at a logic "1", and a PMOS transistor (not shown) of NAND gate 104 has a relatively slow charging rate compared to the ramp rate Of VDD. This EMI sensitivity of internal node 105 means that false logic signals attributable to EMI can be propagated via the sensitive node to produce system errors. The second approach is to eliminate the EMI sensitivity by forcing the internal nodes, 105 and 111 in circuit 100 of FIG. 8, to a logic "0" state.
This is achieved in the redesigned one shot circuit of FIG. 9, where components similar to those of FIG. 8 are identified by like reference numbers. One-shot circuit 100' has a NAND gate 120 with first and second inputs received from the signals appearing at the input and output, respectively, of circuit 100'. The output of NAND gate 120 is coupled to a first input of a NOR gate 122, which has as its second input the set input of the overall one shot circuit. The output of NOR gate 122 is applied via internal circuit node 105 and then through inverter 124 as one input to NOR gate 108, the other input of which is from the set input.
In the modified configuration of one-shot circuit 100', then, the initial state of the circuit's output is a logic "1", which is forced by having a logic "1" at either of the two inputs of NOR gate 116, and both internal circuit nodes 105 and 111 are held at a logic "0" which makes both of them insensitive to the effects of EMI.
The above described approaches of the present invention may be used to design an input filter/protection circuit which provides EMI immunity for both the input pins and the internal nodes of the IC. Referring to FIG. 10, such an input filter/protection circuit 150 has an input at a pin 153, which may, for example, receive a control signal such as a master clear (NMCLR), and generates an output at pin 155 as the now EMI-immune control signal to be supplied to internal circuitry of the IC.
Protection circuit 150 includes a Schmitt trigger 151 which provides input hysteresis, a detector/filter 152, and a pulse generator circuit 154. ST 151 is identical to ST 50 of FIG. 4, and like components of the two are identified by the same reference numbers. The output of ST 151 is applied to detector/filter circuit 152 which is implemented in substantial pan in the manner of FIG. 6, and the same reference numbers are applied to like components. It should be noted that although circuit 152 (and circuit 154, to be described) shows the exemplary use of an isolation resistor 95' as offering protection for the high capacitive mode, for the specific application in which the circuit is used with a NMCLR input the protection is preferably afforded by holding the sensitive nodes of both of circuits 152 and 154 at a logic "0". Circuit 152 adds an inverter 156 whose input is obtained from the output of ST 151 and whose output is applied as a first input to each of NAND gates 158 and 160. Inverter 91 supplies the second input of NAND gate 158 via inverter 162. The output of NAND gate 158 at node 165 is the output of detector/filter circuit 152. Circuit 152 is implemented to have a filter RC time constant that reflects the hysteresis provided by ST 151 in the manner described above in connection with reduction of the effect of an EMI event at the IC's input pin.
Pulse generator 154 includes a NAND gate 167 having a first input coupled to circuit node 165 and a second input coupled to circuit node 169 at the output of the pulse generator. The output of NAND gate 167 is coupled to an input of inverter 171 whose output is coupled to an internal node protection circuit identical to that of FIG. 6, components of which are identified by like reference numbers (with the caveat mentioned above regarding preferred implementation of the protection where used with NMCLR input). The output of inverter 91" is coupled to a first input of a NOR gate 173 via an inverter 175. An AND gate 177 has first and second inputs stemming from circuit nodes 165 and 169, and supplies its output as the second input to NOR gate 173. The latter gate provides a first input to a NAND gate 179 via an inverter 181, the NAND gate having second and third inputs received from node 165 and a NAND gate 160, respectively. The output of NAND gate 179 is applied as a second input to NAND gate 160, and also through an inverter 183 to provide the masterclear (NMCLR-active low) signal to internal circuitry of the IC chip (not shown).
The graphs of FIGS. 11A, B, C, D, E and F illustrate signals at various identified points of protection circuit 150. FIG. 11A shows the NMCLR input signal at the input of ST 151; FIG. 11B is the signal at internal node 87'; FIG. 11C is the signal at the output of detector 152 (node 165); FIG. 11D shows the signal at internal circuit node 87"; FIG. 11E is the signal at the output of pulse generator 154 (node 169); and FIG. 11F shows the masterclear (NMCLR) signal output of protection circuit 150. As shown in FIG. 11A, the input NMCLR signal has a relatively long pulse width, and when it makes a high-to-low transition, detector/filter 152 is activated as indicated by a ramping up of the voltage at internal circuit node 87' (FIG. 11B). After a predetermined period set by the filter time constant which is selected to reject EMI at the input pin 153 (and thus, to eliminate EMI at the output pin 155 as well), based on the extent of the hysteresis effect injected by ST 151 as described earlier herein--for example, 500 nanoseconds--the detector/filter circuit times out to produce a high-to-low transition at its output (FIG. 11C).
This high-to-low transition activates pulse generator 154, trips an RS latch, and issues a chip reset (FIG. 11F), as desired since the master clear input signal stayed low for at least the predetermined filter time. The input to pulse generator circuit 154 is edge sensitive such that once tripped, it will guarantee a predetermined minimum pulse width of the masterclear signal that is applied to the chip to allow the proper execution of the command (more of the use of circuit 154 will be described presently in conjunction with the example of FIGS. 12A, B, C, D, E and F). This guards against the case in which an input pulse at pin 153 has a duration that exceeds the filtering time, where in such a case it is desired to provide a masterclear signal to the chip. In the example of FIGS. 11A, B, C, D, E and F since the input masterclear signal at pin 153 is of longer duration than the pulse generated at the output of pulse generator 154 (FIG. 11E), the masterclear signal supplied to the chip at pin 155 will remain low until the NMCLR at the input goes high again.
FIGS. 12A, B, C, D, E and F charts the signals at various points of the protection circuit 150, in the same way as in FIG. 11, except that here, the masterclear signal applied to input pin 153 of the protection circuit is slightly longer than the filter time of detector/filter 152. As a result, the output of detector 152 is a very narrow pulse (FIG. 12C) which, however, demonstrates that the masterclear input signal endured for at least the predetermined filter time set by detector 152. Hence, although quite narrow, the pulse passes through NAND gate 179 and inverter 183, causing the masterclear signal to the chip to go low (FIG. 12F), and protection circuit 150 supplies a masterclear signal to the chip as desired. But once the output of the pulse generator circuit returns high, the masterclear signal to the chip also goes high, since the signal at input 153 has long since returned to a logic high.
FIGS. 13A, B, C ,D, E and F are similar to FIGS. 11A, B, C, D, E and F and FIGS. 12A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively, in respect of the various points of the protection circuit at which signals are shown, except that here, the master clear input signal (FIG. 13A) is of such short duration that detector/filter 152 completely filters the masterclear input pulse and no high-to-low transition appears at circuit node 165. Accordingly, pulse generator 154 is never triggered and no master clear signal is applied to the chip. The filter time is not shown in the Figure because it is so short that the filter never times out, in contrast to the showing of FIGS. 11A, B, C, D, E and F.
FIG. 14 is a diagram of an alternative embodiment of an EMI protection circuit for use in conjunction with an IC. Circuit 200 includes a transistor 204 having a source coupled to input pin 202 and a gate coupled to operating potential VDD. The drain of transistor 204 is coupled to the input of an inverter 205 and through a resistor 206 to the drain of another transistor 208. The drain of transistor 208 is also coupled through another resistor 210 to the drain of still another transistor 212. The sources of transistors 208 and 212 are returned to ground.
The output of inverter 205 is coupled through an inverter 214 and a resistor 216 to an internal circuit node 218. Node 218 is coupled through a capacitor 220 and returned to ground. Additionally, node 218 is coupled through an inverter 222 to the gate of transistor 208. Finally, the output of inverter 222 is coupled to the input of an inverter 224 whose output is the output of the overall circuit 200 and is fed back to the gate of transistor 212.
Protection circuit 200 operates in either of two modes according to the voltage applied at input pin 202. The first mode (normal mode) occurs when the input voltage applied at input pin 202 is between 0 volts and voltage VDD. A masterclear input signal, for example, would provide such an input voltage in which 0 volts represents a logic "0" and voltage VDD represents a logic "1". The second mode is when the input voltage is above voltage VDD by a predetermined amount, such a mode potentially constituting a special mode of operation, as entry into a particular test mode. In either mode, the desire is to make the circuit immune from EMI and thereby provide a reliable output signal to the internal circuitry of the IC.
In the normal mode of operation, the voltage applied to input pin 202 is in the range from 0 volts to VDD, and internal node 218 is at 0 volts (logic "0") and is not EMI sensitive. In the second mode, the input voltage at pin 202 is higher than VDD --for example, 12 volts--, and circuit node 218 is held at VDD through a PMOS transistor (not shown) within inverter 214. In the latter situation, circuit node 218 would be sensitive to EMI but for resistor 216 acting as an isolation element between capacitor 220 and a parasitic diode associated with the PMOS pull-up transistor within inverter 214. Accordingly, protection circuit 200 provides immunity from EMI at both the input pin and internal nodes, just as circuit 154, described above. The chip is protected from the input pin by the addition of the filter section, also described above. The high voltage detector/filter provides filtering on both edges of the input pulse whereas the NMCLR filter does so on only one edge.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing disclosure that the filter time of the filter circuit--its RC time constant--assists in protecting the IC by the blocking of the circuit's response to EMI at the input. The duration matches the EMI, but is not so long that it degrades circuit operation. The hysteresis voltage is not needed to guard against spikes, but it is useful for very slow rising pulse rates. Hysteresis should be taken into account when setting filter time, because failure to so could adversely affect the circuit response.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the foregoing description that variations and modifications of the described embodiments and methods may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention shall be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and the rules and principles of applicable law.
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Me & T Studio — Toronto, ON
I'm just going to put this out there: this chic studio is one of Toronto's best kept beauty secrets. You have to go, stat. I was invited to visit Me & T Studio for a girls' night in alongside Rema … Read More
I'm just going to put this out there: this chic studio is one of Toronto's best kept beauty secrets. You have to go, stat. I was invited to visit Me & T Studio for a girls' night in alongside Rema … Read More
This is how I feel about the following products I'm about to write about: These are true favourites of mine in the early days of summer. Hope you discover some new favourites in this list. Well, let's get cracking, shall we? … Read More
Inspired by the Carnaval in Rio de Janerio, Brazil, Revlon's Global Artistic Director Gucci Westman brings an exciting vibrant hues to the brand's summer collection. Rio Rush is a limited edition collection brings colourful matte and tropical shades that perfectly captures the essence of the … Read More
It's so much fun to have blonde hair for a change. While I wouldn't say I believe the saying "blondes have more fun," but right now I do feel extra sassy. I don't know if it's the hair or just … Read More
"I don't want to leave," I said in the lobby as the spa concierge at greets me after my treatments. She replied that everyone feels the same way, and I really believed her. Last week I was whisked away to … Read More
I'm all in favour for quick beauty solutions, especially in the summer. As much as I enjoy the process of getting ready in the morning, I either: rarely have time to play with makeup for an hour, or get the … Read More
Hair removal is probably on top of everyone's dreaded beauty routines. While in the winter I let that extra "base layer" for warmth , in the summer it's not really appealing to the eyes. So a girl's gotta take care of … Read More
In recent years, I've adopted a rule of "no pastels," knowing that they clash with my warm and medium skin tone. This spring, I don't know what happened. I'm all about lilac errthang. I can't get enough of it! Ever since … Read More
So many contouring products have landed on my desk in the past few weeks, so I wanted to show them in action. Get varying degrees of cheekbones — from a weekend look to super chiseled cheeks — with some of … Read More
Let's stop being so busy and pause for a minute, or an hour, shall we? I don't know about you but this winter has me in need of some serious pampering. Last week, I turned to Twitter to find a … Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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|Feed a cold, starve a fever ... or vice-versa?
Now many people, looking for medicinal relief, prefer alcohol. Jonathan Bender explains how some prefer a basic shot to a flu shot.
Still, all kinds of comfort foods can be soothing remedies when one is feeling under the weather. Chocolate, we discovered in the new exhbition at Union Station, has a long history as a restorative. If one can't find a cup of ancient Mayan cacao beverage, how about a few chocolate pumpkins? And in the comfort food category: A well-buttered flapjack has long been rumored to have curative powers. In fact, in today's Top Ten list of pancakes, we run the gamut from the sweet to the savory, like the appetizer pancake filled with flu-fighting onion at Po's Dumpling Bar.
Since onions, mushrooms and garlic are frequent ingredients at Japanese steakhouses, one might consider those restaurants to be flu fighters. Jonathan's post about the new Japanese steakhouse, Kobe, opening in the Power & Light District, generated many comments. We're assuming the chefs at Kobe might perform showy tricks to entertain customers at those white-hot grills. That's not the case at the venerable GoJo steakhouse, which is so busy that the teppan-yaki chefs simply don't have time to do a show anymore.
Other possible healing foods discussed this week: Shatto's new pumpkin spice eggnog, any kind of creamy cheesecake, and flaming bananas.
(Image via Flickr: Stefan)
Showing 1-1 of 1


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I walked into a room where my mother sat, taking just a moment for herself. We were in Costa Rica for a conference, and until 15 minutes before, she had watched my kids for two days so I could attend meetings. She was finally taking a moment for herself.
I told her that we needed help.
My mother got up, headed to her hotel room, and within two hours was on a plane to Atlanta to help my brother and his wife take care of their baby.
This is my mother. This is what a Mother represents and means to me.
Full of love. Always sacrificing herself. Always willing to give with no expectation to receive.
This is my mother.
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If I were feeling ambitious (and even longer-winded than usual), I could try and map out the process through which Queens emcee K. Sparks evolved from talented up-and-comer into an all-around rap juggernaut by experimenting with subject matter, subgenre, flow, and even vocal impressions over the course of his Manic Mondays series. Now that we've reached #47 of 52, I think it's fair to say we've entered into the final stretch—in any case, Abstract Jazz sounds like something of a "transition record." Originally scheduled to run as entry #46 (before being switched out at the last minute for Identity Crisis), this cut finds Sparks revisiting the mellow, jazzy sound that's become one of his (many) trademark styles. Bobby Bob's piano-loop instrumental (complete with scratches and a switched-up outro not present in the original) evokes a fittingly mellow ambiance as the emcee gets his "abstract emcee" on, hopping between laid-back braggadocio and more sinister lyrical imagery with greatest of ease. Does Abstract Jazz set the tone for the final five entries in Sparks' series, or is it a head-bobbing detour on the road to uncharted territory? I have no idea, but I do know it's going to be one dope ride.
Written by richard on 07/19/09
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Bruce Springsteen My Father's House Lyrics
Last updated: 10/10/2007 11:00:00 AM
Last night I dreamed that I was a child out where the pines grow wild and tall
I was trying to make it home through the forest before the darkness falls
I heard the wind rustling through the trees and ghostly voices rose from the fields
I ran with my heart pounding down that broken path
With the devil snappin at my heels
I broke through the trees and there in he night
My fathers house stood shining hard and bright the branches and brambles tore my clothes and scratched my arms
But I ran till I fell shaking in his arms
I awoke and I imagined the hard things that pulled us apart
Will never again sir tear us from each others hearts
I got dressed and to that house I did ride from out on the road I could see its windows shining in light
I walked up the steps and stood on the porch a woman I didnt recognize came and spoke to me through a chained door
I told her my story and who Id come for
She said "Im sorry son but no one by that name lives here anymore"
My fathers house shines hard and bright it stands like a beacon calling me in the night
Calling and calling so cold and alone
Shining cross this dark highway where our sins lie unatoned
Thanks to Martin for submitting My Father's House Lyrics.
amazing | Reviewer: danny rand | 10/10/2007
with this song springsteen taps into the feelings that many sons have for lost relationships with their father's. Amazing
with this song springsteen taps into the feelings that many sons have for lost relationships with their father's. Amazing


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- 473Promote
ALWAYS LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE...by Matthew Taylor Wilson
American Apparel T-shirts are made with 100% fine jersey cotton combed for softness and comfort. (Athletic Grey and Athletic Blue contain 50% polyester / 25% cotton / 25% rayon)
Your typography is fantastic! I adore it! I love how you created the piece to fit perfectly on every medium, truely a big fan of your work, so inspiring! Keep at it!
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Meet Gini Dietrich of SpinSucks.com
Meet the Bloggers New blogs are going live every second. Some from individuals, but many are business and brand related as well. Gini started her blog at SpinSucks.com over eight years ago as a component of her existing communications business. Years later and it's evolved into such much more and a huge asset to both her personal brand, business and company. Read on to discover how Gini is making the most out her blog in this latest installment of Meet the Bloggers. 1.) Please tell us about yourself and how you got into blogging? Truthfully, we started blogging eight years ago to see if it was something ...Continue reading
Meet Richard Marriott of Clambr.com
Meet the Bloggers With over a billion sites on the internet, they are all unique in their own way. Blogging is one of the most exciting areas to be in right now because you can create content based on whatever you like. Some of the best blogs out there today are ones that walk through the steps and process of finding success. New people are finding out about the power of the internet for marketing, business and ...Continue reading
The Importance of Responsive Web Design
WordPress Coding & Design Responsive web design is quickly changing how sites are viewed on the internet and on mobile devices. Back when I first started making money online in the mid 90s, everything was so basic and simple with web design… it was pretty much all HTML. Then in 2007 I started using WordPress to create my first blog and the rest of my sites there after. However, this was only the beginning. Now with ...Continue reading
How to Boost Your Email Subscribers? Tip #3
Blogging Getting more email subscribers. Building an email list is what you're after, if you're a smart blogger. If you're not building your email list, then sorry to say that you're dumb. If you're building it, welcome smart blogger. But it's a hard thing, it's very hard especially for beginners, it takes a lot of hard work to grab your first 1000 subscribers ...Continue reading
Premium WordPress Themes at TeslaThemes
WordPress Themes When you think of the word Tesla, you probably think of one of the most innovative cars ever created and it's gaining in popularity every day. This is probably the same feeling that bloggers have about their own web site and how they would like to be perceived by others. One of the best ways to make a lasting impression when someone visits your blog, is to make sure you have an amazing ...Continue reading
How to Remove Bad Backlinks that Penalized Your Website
Links The success of the internet and its search engine King, Google, is built on links. Links are what the 'web' is made of, and, without them navigation would be impossible. It is a search engine's responsibility to stay on top of how these links work and what they are communicating about sites. Google's PageRank is the most-famous system for link rating; it uses links to decipher which sites ...Continue reading
How to Stop Shopping Cart Abandonment
Making Money Shopping cart abandonment is one of the biggest problems for online retailers. It's also something that we are all guilty of — we visit a site and find something we like, we start filling out the order form and then when it's time to put in our credit card we end up leaving the site all together. This can happen for a variety of reasons: distractions loss of interaction change ...Continue reading
Meet Joe Williams of ZenOptimise.com
Meet the Bloggers Many successful bloggers first find their way into the world of blogging, thanks to the current industry that they are working. This can often be the case when working with a business, brand or organization and they realize the power of blogging and they need to hire someone to take on the task of building out the company blog… the same holds true with anything relating to online marketing, ...Continue reading


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AboutA web log for all fans of Walt Disney, The Disney Company, and its many products. Using the theories behind Walt Disney's family oriented entertainment and education, this blog is intended to be a safe read for the whole family. Proud to be a part of Quality Will Out Omnimedia. The Disney Blog is not affiliated with The Walt Disney Company in any way. All Disney parks, attractions, lands, shows, event names, etc. are registered trademarks of The Walt Disney Company. The Disney Blog is affiliated with LaughingPlace.com, the number one Disney Fan site on the internet. Please see creative commons license at the bottom of this page for copyright information. All content on this website is my own and does not necessarily represent the views of my employer or anyone else on the planet. The Disney Blog is supported by advertising and some of the links on this site and in product reviews are revenue share affiliate ads. I also do accept product for review and to give away as prizes. However, I compose all my editorial separate from any decision regarding advertising or affiliate links. YMMV.
Tag Archives: cg animation
Assembling John Carter in the Computer
Patrick Giusiano, currently an animator at Blue Sky studios, previously had the opportunity to work on Disney's John Carter while working at Double Negative — a digital effects studio. While working with Director Andrew Stanton and Pixar's artistic supervision team, … Continue reading
Posted in Animation, Film, pixar Tagged andrew stanton, Animation, cg animation, computer animation, digital animation, digital effects, digital studio, john carter, pixar Comments Off
Monsters University Concept Art
Yesterday we saw the first trailer for Monsters University, the next film from Pixar following Brave. Monsters University is a prequel to Monsters Inc and will take Mike & Sulley back to their college years. Disney has released some concept … Continue reading
Posted in pixar Tagged Animation, cg animation, concept art, disney, monsters inc, monsters u, monsters university, monstropolis, pixar, prequel 2 Comments
Brave Clip – 'Potion' Witch Scene
Warning, spoilers for Pixar's Brave are below For all the secrecy Disney marketing built up around the Witch character, it turns out she's not all that involved in the majority of the film. Yes, she provides an important twist to … Continue reading
Inside the Animation Process: Gothel & Rapunzel Building A Shot
Disney animator Jamaal Bradley (alas, now at Dreamworks) created a video to show how a scene comes together. In this case a snippet of "Mama Knows Best" from Rapunzel is first shown in final render, then broken down step by … Continue reading
Posted in Animation Tagged Animation, cg animation, digital animation, rapunzel, wdas 1 Comment
New Clip From Pixar's Brave – The Suitors
Disney*Pixar has released the latest clip from its upcoming film "Brave." In it the three clans present the suitors for Princess Merida's hand. Definitely like this segment (even though we've already seen much of it). But I'm still interested in … Continue reading
Posted in pixar Tagged Animation, brave, cg animation, clip, disney, pixar, preview 2 Comments


text: Front 9.2 megapixel CMOS sensor records high-quality images Back Back, with viewscreen open Built-in USB cable for file transfer and charging Built-in USB cable stores in carrying strap Viewscreen rotated to face outward View larger Sony Handycam® HDR-CX240 High-definition camcorder (Black) Item #: 158CX240K In Stock Be the first to write a review | 1 question - 2 answers Was:$229.99 Instant Rebate ends tomorrow Instant Rebate:-$100.00 Your price: $129.99 Earn up to 130 Rewards points Black Blue Add to Cart Free Shipping Lifetime Tech Support + Add to wishlist + Email me alerts for this product View all associated offers Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff. x By buying this product you'll earn up to 130 Rewards points. When you sign up for a Crutchfield account, you'll be enrolled in Crutchfield Rewards. You'll earn one point for every dollar you spend on gear from us. You can turn your points into Rewards Cards that you can use toward future purchases. You can sign up for an account now, or after you complete your purchase (you'll get credit for the points either way). Sign up for a Crutchfield account


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1522 Chippewa St,
New Orleans, LA, 70130-0701
New Orleans, LA, 70130-0701
Tel: (504)524-7285
St. Michael Special School is designed to help students with major learning difficulties which hinder their ability to achieve success in a regular class setting.
We offer a wide range of programs and services to meet the individual needs of our students.
The primary purpose of Catholic education is to transmit the authentic Christian faith and moral values in accordance with the teachings of the Catholic Church.
To that end, we have adopted the following goals to develop in the student, a personal relationship with God through the teaching of religion and through prayer and worship.
Our mission is to provide opportunities for students to develop their Catholic faith and to receive a high quality education which includes religious, academic, social, vocational and physical training.
School Overview
|School Type
|Special Education School
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA)
|Religious Affiliation
|Roman Catholic
|Grades Offered
Student Body
|Total Students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 19%
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|17 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|Admission Deadline
|None / Rolling
Nearby Schools:
The nearest elementary school is St. Alphonsus School Early Childhood Education Ctr (0.4 miles away)
All Schools | High Schools | Elementary Schools | Preschools | Public Schools
Show me:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
New OrleansSt. Alphonsus School Early Childhood Education Ctr
2001 Constance St
New Orleans, LA, 70130
(504)523-6594(Roman Catholic)0.4 mi | 193 students | Gr. K-4
New OrleansTrinity Episcopal School
1315 Jackson Ave
New Orleans, LA, 70130
(504)525-8661(Episcopal)0.6 mi | 343 students | Gr. PK-8
New OrleansWaldorf School Of New Orleans
517 Soraparu St Ste 101
New Orleans, LA, 70130
(504)525-2420Special Program Emphasis0.7 mi | 56 students | Gr. PK-8
New OrleansMc Gehee School
2343 Prytania Street
New Orleans, LA, 70130
(504)561-12240.8 mi | 483 students | Gr. PK-12
GretnaSt. Anthony School
900 Franklin Avenue
Gretna, LA, 70053
(504)367-0689(Roman Catholic)1.1 mi | 209 students | Gr. PK-8
School Reviews
Area Statistics
Recent Articles
Updated October 26, 2014
What do you do when you are dissatisfied with your local public schools? Homeschool your children? Send them to private school? Let's look at your options.
Your religion matters to you. You want your child to attend a school which will combine academics and religious education. Here is an overview of what is available together with some links to denominational web sites.
Add things up and you'll quickly find the answer- math is crucial both in academics and the real world. By following these strategies and following personal training programs, students can uncover their weaknesses and conquer math.


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Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie - Saint-Raphaël
167 Avenue Des Gondins - Saint-Raphaël1-877-662-6988
Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie offers hotel accommodation in the Valescure area.
This Saint-Raphael hotel offers free Wi-Fi, dry cleaning/laundry services and beach/pool umbrellas. Why not go for a swim as this hotel features a seasonal outdoor pool, a good way to unwind.
The reception is open during limited hours and you will also find a TV in the lobby area. Other amenities include a garden and complimentary bicycles.
Everything was realy good and of a high level. The only thing (bau a relevant one)...Venere Guest, Switzerland
These reviews have been left by customers who actually stayed at this hotel
Check Availability at Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie
Breakfast at Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie
A continental breakfast is served between 8:00 AM and 11:00 AM for a fee.
Facilities at Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie
- Laundry service
- Entire property is non-smoking
- Garden
- Pets accepted
- Beach umbrellas and deck loungers
- Multilingual staff
- City tour
- Outdoor swimming pool
- Internet/Email services
- TV Lounge
- Free parking
Know before you go
Check-in: between 4 PM and 6 PM.
Check-out: before 11 AM.
PolicyExtra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
City tax and/or any other fees charged by the hotel
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Breakfast fee: between EUR 10 and EUR 15 per person (approximately)
- Pet fee: EUR 15 per pet, per night
- Pet deposit: EUR 10 per night
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 15 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Unless otherwise indicated, the charges below are not included in the overall room price. If not included in the overall room price, they will be charged by the property at check-in or check-out. Charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book. This property told us they will charge you for the following:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.30 per person, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie reviews
- June 2012
- Venere Guest
- Couple
- Switzerland
Everything was realy good and of a high level. The only thing (bau a relevant one) was that the bath was in a corner the lady said me (187cm) could not easily stand. In fact even my wife couldnt. She told us this while showing us the room.
Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie reviews by TripAdvisor
Room Details
Book your pet-friendly accommodation at the 10-room Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie. Rooms open onto balconies. Satellite TV channels offer entertainment at the end of a busy day. Corporate travelers will benefit from free wireless high-speed Internet access as well as desks, safes and phones during their Valescure visit. Guest rooms are individually furnished, making each stay a unique experience. Private bathrooms are outfitted with shower/tub combinations, bathrobes, slippers and hair dryers. Rooms also include air conditioning and blackout drapes/curtains. Bathroom toiletries are provided free of charge.
Accommodation Services
- Telephone
- Air conditioning
- Hairdryer in each room
- Safe
- Satellite TV
- Desk
- Wireless Internet access
- Terrace/Balcony
Distances from Romantic Hôtel La ChêneraieValescure Golf Club - 1.7 km / 1 mi
Indochina War Memorial - 2.1 km / 1.3 mi
Saint-Raphael Beach - 2.6 km / 1.6 mi
Frejus Beach - 2.8 km / 1.8 mi
Roman Theater - 3.3 km / 2 mi
Frejus Cathedral - 3.5 km / 2.2 mi
Frejus Amphitheatre - 4.1 km / 2.5 mi
Mosquee Missiri de Djenne - 4.3 km / 2.7 mi
Luna Park Frejus - 4.8 km / 3 mi
Galiote Beach - 7 km / 4.4 mi
Malpasset Dam - 7.7 km / 4.8 mi
Golf De Roquebrune - 8.7 km / 5.4 mi
Gaillarde Beach - 10 km / 6.2 mi
San Peire Beach - 13.3 km / 8.2 mi
Riviera Golf Club - 15.2 km / 9.5 mi
The preferred airport for Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie is Nice (NCE-Cote d'Azur) - 43 km / 26.7 mi.
Distances are calculated in a straight line from the property's location to the point of interest or airport and may not reflect actual travel distance.
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometer.
Transportation services Romantic Hôtel La Chêneraie
- Free parking
We have the accommodation you need, all over the world
- • Hemus Hotel - Sofia, Bulgaria
- • Hotel Aaron - Prague, Czech Republic
- • Days Inn Maui - Maui, USA
- • B&B La Signoria di Firenze - Florence, Italy
- • Aventino Guest House - Rome, Italy
- • The Chocolate Hotel - Tamarindo, Costa Rica
- • Hotel Notting Hill - Amsterdam, Netherlands
- • Kaanapali Ocean Inn - Maui, USA
- • Garni Hotel Konak - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- • Hotel Four Points Columbus-Polaris - Columbus, USA
- • Beijing Dongdan Silver Road Hotel - Beijing, China
- • The River Lee Hotel - Cork, Ireland
- • Hordatun Hotel - Røldal, Norway
- • Fletcher Hotel-Restaurant Boschoord - Oisterwijk, Netherlands
- • Kauai Sands Hotel - Kapaa, USA
- • Poirino Hotels, Italy
- • Steenwijk Hotels, Netherlands
- • Cabras Hotels, Italy
- • Casier Hotels, Italy
- • Sainte-Tulle Hotels, France
- • Cagli Hotels, Italy
- • Pinerolo Hotels, Italy
- • Los Angeles Hotels, USA
- • Sainte-Maxime Hotels, France
- • Scanzano Jonico Hotels, Italy
- • Karlsruhe Hotels, Germany
- • Modave Hotels, Belgium
- • Carovigno Hotels, Italy
- • Sarcelles Hotels, France
- • Policoro Hotels, Italy


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Missouri, Tennessee, and Utah, which require students to take one semester of financial literacy in high school, have the strongest laws while many other states, like Arizona, are only required to blend financial literacy into other subjects.
Patrick Darfler Sweeney, superintendent of Hunter-Tannersville Central School District in upstate New York, has shown that through shared resources and some unique thinking, districts can continue to be forward thinking despite shrinking budgets.
Out of the 45 states that have adopted the Common Core, only 11 states and the District of Columbia have high school math graduation requirements that align to the new standards, says a new study.
Superintendent of Wiseburn (Calif.) School District has been recognized for improving academic performance by collaborating with local universities and corporations, and for leading the push for Wiseburn to have its own high school.
What should districts consider when selecting a digital parent engagement platform? If you can be a source, please follow the link to contact us.
Narrated by 12-year-old Abigail, the book is written in a straightforward but gentle style and has a strong psycho-educational component. The idea is to normalize the response that many children have to overwhelming events in their lives.
Two out-of-state educators and an assistant superintendent of schools for the district are the finalists in the running to replace retiring schools chief Reginald Mayo.
Read more »
The man Ann Arbor school board members say is the right man for the job is thoughtfully weighing the move with his family, which the Board of Education voted 7-0 to offer him.
Sid Salazar, assistant superintendent for Quality Neighborhood Schools in San Diego Unified School District, will start work July 29.
The policy, approved by the school board this week, is believed to be the second such document enacted by a state school district, and it finds the district vowing to fight and overcome "inequity and institutional racism" to ensure all students succeed.


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Billy Graham Says Jesus Christ is Not the Only Way
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Автор Shane Corbett (1 месяц)
This is worth watching..........wild shit.
Billy Graham Says Jesus Christ is Not the Only Way:
Автор Bradley Kurz (1 месяц)
Billy Graham Says Jesus Christ is Not the Only Way:
Автор Jared Gardner (6 дней)
I confess Jesus Christ is come in the flesh. Jesus Christ is the way.
Автор Zachary Ellis (11 дней)
Billy Graham did NOT in any way say Jesus Christ isn't the only way. He was
talking about people that have never heard of Jesus or know how to ask
Jesus into their heart. However, if you know about Jesus Christ, you know
how to turn to Jesus Christ and you don't then you are going strait to
Автор kevin belden (7 месяцев)
It is called Inclusivism. The only reason anyone may enter Heaven is due to
the vicarious atonement of Christ.
Автор eaglesalltheway (11 дней)
Billy Graham is a 33rd degree freemason & therefore worships Lucifer. Sad
thing is that he knows it & is fully aware. The same applies to the
shriners. I didn't believe it at first until I researched it for myself.
Same applies to Robert Schuller. This sermon is just the tip of the
iceberg. Study & research for yourself.
Автор creek house (27 дней)
Watched it all and didn't see a thing wrong with anything Billy Graham
said. So what's this guys problem? No where did he say Jesus was not the
only way. This video sounds like it's speaking to itching ears.
Автор Portia Ann Abbott (1 месяц)
I am in no position to judge Billy Graham and to say anything unkind. I
would love to sit down with Mr. Graham and talk to him and ask why he said
what he did. God still loves him no matter what humans may feel. Gods
thoughts are different no matter a so called righteous person may be. I
would pray for him and will do so. God Bless Mr. Billy Graham always. Amen
Автор Henry Escobar (9 месяцев)
No, he didn't say that. What he was saying was that there are those from
different religions that will know Christ because there is a spiritual void
in their heart which which will only be filled with Jesus. He included in
that list "Christians" since there are many that call themselves Christian
whom are just as lost as any Muslim or Hindu. Yes, those that are Christian
by theological doctrine but are not born again spiritual sons of God, like
the ones that create YouTube videos to criticize things they don't
Автор newsjunkie360 (4 месяца)
DISCLAIMER: I did some research (see John MacArthur's "Wider Mercy
Salvation According to Billy Graham" video) and found that this video does
not contain the full transcript of what Billy Graham said. You can notice
at exactly 5:05 of this video where what seems to be a cut/edit was made;
this video does not show what Billy Graham fully said in context, at least
according to John MacArthur's reading of the transcript in the video I
mentioned. I'm throwing a penalty flag on this video, guys.
Автор Korey Ferling (7 месяцев)
This video is falsely titled!
God has people predestined to turn to Christ for His glory, (sleeper
Christians). I was pretty much an atheist for a long time and boom 8 months
ago I'm saved! Its happening now, to people of different beliefs, and
Think of the story of Saul before he became Paul. That's a lot of grace
right there. People will think they are false preachers if they don't keep
directly saying "you must accept Jesus Christ". They sometimes speak that
message indirectly, and it gets misunderstood.
Автор Lynn Roberts (7 месяцев)
Very sad Billy ,very sad.
Автор arnibah vanst (9 месяцев)
+jan shouse
I hate to burst your bubble but the original Jews are Black.
Автор solocreoenYAHSHUA144 (6 месяцев)
¿No entiendo por qué hay tantos votaciones negativas?, sí lo que se dice en
el vídeo sobre el MASÓN COADJUTOR JESUITA W. Graham, es verdad. Lo que NO
ES VERDAD es lo que él -- W.Graham -- afirma sobre Jesús, obviamente. Los
"likes" están invertidos, por votar sin analizar el vídeo. Saludos.
Автор Traditional Values (6 месяцев)
These are patently false teachings of an apostate! Christ specifically
stated the way to heaven was straight and narrow and few there will be that
will find it. Christ stated that many of his followers would come unto him
saying Lord, Lord and Christ will say depart from me ye workers of
inequity; therefore only committed Christians living Godly moral lives will
inherit the Kingdom of Heaven and absolutely no one else will enter
Christ's Kingdom. The Biblical record makes it extremely clear atonement of
sin only applies to individuals placing their personal faith directly in
Christ Jesus and living committed moral lives before the Lord. Faith is the
foundational principle underlying the entire Biblical record; for without
faith it's impossible to please God for we must be believe that he is and
that he is a re-warder of them who diligently seek him. Without personal
commitment and faith in the atoning blood of Jesus Christ they're
absolutely no remission or forgiveness of sins; and this is thus saith the
Lord. Amen & Amen
Автор Wes Hartman (8 месяцев)
Who died on the cross ladies and Gents? I know for sure it was "not" Bill
Graham. The man's name is Jesus Christ. Jesus, stated, I am the way, the
truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except though me. God's
people, do not let false testimony, lead you away from the Lord for it was
the Lord who spoke these very words, who "died" on the cross for our sins.
Paradise awaits, for those who believe in Jesus Christ.
Автор wes91169 (23 дня)
Автор arnibah vanst (9 месяцев)
Jesus was and is a Black Man.So most of you are in for a rude awakening.
Автор Sean J (7 месяцев)
Oh please people, read your Bible again. What Billy is saying is taken
straight from Rom.2:12-16...and I'm a Catholic! The Bible is very clear
that those who have never had an opportunity to have the gospel presented
to them will be judged on how they responded to God's grace in their
hearts. In Catholic circles we call it 'Baptism by Desire'. Of course
this is a different situation from a non-believer who having had the gospel
presented to him, chooses to ignore Christ. That is a different ball game!
Автор Craig Foreman (5 месяцев)
HA! The aerial shot of the stadium at 1.25 looks like an eye inside a
Автор boeingtrijet (6 месяцев)
Not only this but Graham thinks dinosaurs were gone millions of years
before the Great Flood! SAD Billy Earth is 6000 years old according to the
Bible God created ALL Things in 6 days. Dinosaurs are in the Bible 30 times
as Dragons, Leviathan and Behemoth!
Автор RICH CARD (6 месяцев)
Автор Danny Big D (6 месяцев)
Only one person remembers your faults. You know what Mr Graham answered you
can not or will not. You dont know the word. Mr Graham did answer it as the
bible does say.
If you never heard of Christ you are not lost forever. See as is written
God has made Himself known by creation. Never knowing Jesus or the bible
yet man still knows its wrong to hurt to kill and so forth. What all the
people in the world AFTER Jesus rose and now walking 40 days with the 12..
not ONE of them heard He was alive or rose..all are lost? HAHA
Awesome part is the Father will not ever ask you or me what HE is going to
do. He is just. He would have saved cities for just 10 righteous. Cities
full of evil..nothing but evil. God is not out to kill steal or destroy the
wicked. He loves them..a send Jesus for the worlds sins. You know
missionaryes have found in countrys that never had the bible they believed
in a God and like a son of God? HAHA may not be the way YOU want it but..
HE will take ALL that come to Him.
Praise you Father you send your only son to die for us. Thank you that WE
have no say so what so ever on who gets to spend ever lasting life with
you. We forget how much we love our own children and forgive them none stop
wont let anyone touch them yet..YOUR children some cant wait to seem them
Автор Graham Clayson (6 месяцев)
Just cause it's on the internet.. don't make it true.
Автор David C (6 месяцев)
I think this is all out of context to win some sort of moot argument, there
are parts of scripture that are figurative, some are literal, that is what
hermeneutics is all about, to discern this; just because it's figurative
doesn't mean it isn't real or true, get a grip! Inerrancy is a
philosophical presupposition, we don't have the original manuscripts and we
probably wouldn't recognize them if they were thrown on our lap, we have
ecclective texts with scholastic and editorial judgements to put the
variations together- this doesn't take away from the authority of scripture
but not being intellectually honest about the "facts" is arguing moot
points out of ignorance. To accuse Billy Graham of this is just not
accurate of who he is and his position.
Автор Ajay Kumar (6 месяцев)
the one who is made this video... i tell you... that I am from Hindu
Background but a Christ Follower. Don't take any sentence of any preacher
and proof it wrong because may be that are revelation of God. if you are
Judging like this then i tell you read Mathew 7:1 "Do not judge so that you
will not be judged. 2"For in the way you judge, you will be judged; and by
your standard of measure, it will be measured to you.…" So please brother
don't Judge and spread Gospel in Jesus way.
Don't mind Please. my Brother in Christ.
Автор Matt Keglovich (6 месяцев)
Read Ephesians 3:17-19 to decide for yourself.
Автор david vanbawithang (7 месяцев)
I cant believe Billy said this!
Автор c stew (7 месяцев)
wene bill said around 4:44 that they might not even know the name Jesus but
they know in there hart something that they dont have and they turn to the
only light that they have and i think that they are saved and there going
to be with us in heaven
well Jesus says otherwise in john 3 18 He that believeth on him is not
condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath
not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.
Автор kobidobidog . (7 месяцев)
Billy Graeme is divided against himself. The homosexual has the spirit of
Jesus in them, but he supports the Pope who biblically is against them. By
their works you will know them. The Catholic Church made the bible to end
up doing the opposite to what God wanted. Loving and forgiving each other
is what Jesus wants. The religious churches turned that into condemning.
That is why we have Islamic law and police and a military and USA law. The
law of God is simple. The law of man is burdeningly complex. People
perverting scripture will also burden people down with guilt.
Автор 2012dnt (7 месяцев)
He just didn't know then, what we know now.
Автор Brian Thompson (7 месяцев)
Billy, I cant believe this. You sold out. You cant unconsciously know
Jesus and non-Christians r not part of the body of Christ. Catering to
devils, man oh man. I'm not typing anything else but KJV John 14:6
Автор THURZA HEIM (7 месяцев)
What Graham is speaking of is not a "new age" idea. This was put forth by
the Jesuit theologian, Karl Rahner (1904-1984) and was called the theory of
"Anonymous Christians." This notion is controversial and it basically
states that "non-Christians could have in their basic orientation and
fundamental decision accepted the salvific grace of God, through Christ,
although they may never have heard of the Christian revelation."
Автор mary cummings (7 месяцев)
Korey you are so right
Автор ENDIN WORLD WIDE DIRE POVERTY.COM (7 месяцев)
God judges by the heart. It must be a heart that is loyal to God that
would not conscientiously do or endorse anything against His Holy Will.
God's love is as broad as Dr. Schuller expressed. The way or the action
required to abide in that love in terms of being loyal to God is DEFINITELY
NOT. All conscious, un-repented actions against God count. The reason is
that such actions come from those who do not have the Holy Spirit and have
no possibility of sanctification without this necessary contact and
guidance from the Holy Spirit. There now exists a major War Against God.
It is not with unbelievers but with those who name the name of Jesus
Christ. Whether it is by supporting abortion, homosexuality, or even the
National Education Association that indoctrinates our youth against God,
these "Christians" who support any such actions against God, whether they
jump up and down and praise Jesus or not, will arrive at the great white
throne before Jesus covered with the blood of the innocent. A major
supporting action against God in this war against God is for "Christians"
to vote in support the Democrat Party that endorses all of these evils
against God. God's intent is not to support the Republican Party but to
cleanse the evil out of the present Democrat Party. I predict that God in
winning this war will make this known absolutely and that this Political
Party will reform completely. Why? Those who now do not believe that all
human actions against God count including voting will have Satan's
blindfold lifted from their eyes. Anyone who genuinely aspires to be with
Jesus will then turn away from this Party's present "eternal destruction"
stance that is purely against God.
Автор Peace Maker (7 месяцев)
These preachers should be concentrating on spiritual problems in America
like "how to love one another" as is in this book!
Автор Gene Stewart (7 месяцев)
Testing the Spirits
1Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits whether they are of
God: because many false prophets are gone out into the world. 2Hereby know
ye the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesseth that Jesus Christ is
come in the flesh is of God: 3And every spirit that confesseth not that
Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of God: and this is that spirit of
antichrist, whereof ye have heard that it should come; and even now already
is it in the world. 4Ye are of God, little children, and have overcome
them: because greater is he that is in you, than he that is in the world.
5They are of the world: therefore speak they of the world, and the world
heareth them. 6We are of God: he that knoweth God heareth us; he that is
not of God heareth not us. Hereby know we the spirit of truth, and the
spirit of error.
Автор Jonna Reeves (7 месяцев)
Billy graham can never say such thing or he will be preaching in vine
Автор 357 skidder (7 месяцев)
It grieves me to behold such a lack of discernment as I read the comments
in defense of Graham's interview. This one is an obvious contradiction to
the Gospel of Jesus Christ, but it appears the ecumenical movement has
pierced even the obvious.
Автор RICH CARD (6 месяцев)
Автор Starte Christ (10 месяцев)
. . . but he is the fastest way home.
Автор ghetto c (10 месяцев)
pause it at 1:24 see the eye of horus?
Автор greg SMITH (7 месяцев)
Billy in his youth DID preach truth. However as he's gotten old and been on
the receiving end of praise from the world's ungodly, his judgment has been
warped. Only the Lord will be his judge, and I pray He can see past
Graham's shortcomings.
Автор LTC ERN KLA (7 месяцев)
Who put this video..idiot..Graham never denied Jesus !!
Автор TheChurchAuthentic (10 месяцев)
There is a wideness to God's mercy!
How ironic that Robert Schuller asked for the Pope's blessing on the plans
for the Crystal Cathedral. The Diocese of L.A. just purchased the building.
Автор Naren Mekala (8 месяцев)
you are completely mistaken.what billy is trying to say is that even if a
person is not able to reach out to another person and make him understand
who Jesus Christ is,God reaches out to them in his own way and makes them
know there is forgiveness if they repent.JESUS says 'I AM THE WAY' and that
may mean when you are following the way you are following 'THE WAY' you are
following none but CHRIST.even to us christians,just knowing JESUS isn't
enough.We have to follow him.Believing in Jesus is not just believing that
he is the 'Son of God',but believing in every word he spoke and in faith
FOLLOWING them.GOD works in ALL of us to make us what we ought to be.
Автор Matt Keglovich (10 месяцев)
I think what Mr. Graham was saying is that in these cultures dominated by
Buddhism, Islam, Shinto, etc. Jesus is trying to find His followers in the
midst of the lost religions surrounding them. If He can save one of these
lost people, they can be the Salt of the Earth and the Light of the World
in their pagan community. I respectfully disagree with this video.
Автор Kandii Gainey (1 год)
I lost all respect for him!
Автор satusirkku (1 год)
Yes, we are called to be holy, filled with God's Holy Spirit. Myself, I
have a long way to go to holiness, and I rather think of myself as a sinner
saved by grace. But yes, I agree that we are in a transitional phase and
many people are crippled by fear. The world elite knows this, and is
playing our fears to the max with false flags and fake causes (epidemics,
Y2K, Iraq's WMD:s, GW) and is taking away our health and liberties in
process. But as christians with the blueprint we are lead through.
Автор Dale Dorsett (1 год)
No, I disagree! Fine! God and I will respect your right of free choice.No
cursing, ranger, slander, name calling. I say this, if you 'honestly' seek
total truth about God then you will meet Him. God knows when we deceive
ourselves or are truly honest. I say, pursue truth and be challenged to
honestly ask God to reveal Himself - if you seek you will find - if you
play games with yourself to justify things by your own
understanding/defying anything that is contrary then you will never find
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All photos courtesy of Sourdough Productions
AITP Anchorage and Sourdough Productions teamed to put on ITExpo 2003 recently. This combination trade show and seminar event is the largest technology event in Alaska, attracting attendees from CEOs and CIOs to IT directors and business executives: the state's largest audience of qualified decision-makers. A survey revealed that most conference attendees are business professionals with a high level of purchasing authority.
Eighty percent of attendees represent Alaska's private sector, including oil and gas production and service companies, telecoms, engineering firms, healthcare, native corporations, tourism, transportation and logistics companies, as well as a vast variety of small trade and service-oriented businesses.
One of Many Booths at ITExpo 2003
This year's events included two full days of vendor floor space for 140 booths and two full days of seminars with more than 40 different topics. Seminar tracks included Telecommunications/IP Telephony, Network Security, Rural Commutations, Storage and Document Management, E-Business/E-Commerce and All About Networks. In addition, hands-on-technology labs were available.
Another huge hit at this year's event was the "SuperTech" contest where students from area middle and high schools and colleges competed to repair a computer that was not functioning properly due to our judges' assistance! Charter College won honors as the fastest repair of the altered units.
Anchorage Chapter participation was led by Jim Henry, immediate past president (Region 2 president) and board member Dick Jablownowski. Other participants were Scott Armstrong, vice president, Jeanne Clifford, board member, Cindy Baldwin, board member and Anthony Bromirski, board member. AITP Anchorage looks forward to a long relationship with Sourdough Productions!
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text:
Saki on Badr Hari: "Sometimes He Makes a Mistake Because he Fights Too Aggressive." Featured
- Written by Dave Walsh
- font size decrease font size increase font size
The showdown between Badr Hari and Gokhan Saki is just two days away now, with things reaching a critical mass for both fighters. At this point both men are done training and are simply wading through the final preparations before the big fight. In an interesting interview with Fighters Only, Gokhan Saki interrupted his training earlier in the week to discuss the upcoming bout with Badr Hari as well as a bunch of other issues. One of the big topics was K-1, and he says that he knows "many things" about K-1, but that he can't talk about them right now. This goes along with a lot of the rumblings we've been hearing behind the scenes.
When asked about MMA and if he is interested, his answer is simply, "Yes, of course, I'm a fighter, you know?" Saki mentioned maybe MMA, maybe Boxing, that he has been training in both, but that his "thing is K-1" and that is his main focus for right now. [source]
Dave Walsh
Dave Walsh has been covering MMA and Kickboxing since 2007 before changing his focus solely to Kickboxing in 2009, launching what was the only English-language site dedicated to giving Kickboxing similar coverage to what MMA receives. He was the co-founder of HeadKickLegend and now LiverKick. He resides in Albuquerque, New Mexico where he works as a writer of all trades.
His first novel, the Godslayer, is available now.
Latest from Dave Walsh
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text:
Nearly 75 executives from Dollar General and key vendor companies, gathered here, Oct. 27, for an exclusive reception to celebrate the release of the October issue of Drug Store News.
November is a big month for me. In addition to Thanksgiving, my birthday and the anniversary of the first date my wife and I went on also are in November. On our first anniversary, my wife got me a really nice watch; I got her a $20 memory box from Papyrus. Somehow, she stuck with me anyway. Apparently, I had — and still do have — quite a bit to learn. You could learn a lot from the 20 women featured in this issue.
Pepsi has entered the artisanal beverage space with Caleb's Kola, a drink made with cane sugar, kola nut extract and a blend of spices packaged in 10-oz. glass bottles. Each bottle has 110 calories and 29 grams of sugar.
In response to the growing popularity of soft drinks sweetened with cane sugar and the spike in demand for "MexiCoke," Coke has started distributing the product itself in the United States.
It's a new era for carbonated beverages. Sales have been falling for a decade as consumers have shifted away from traditional sodas sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup and are avoiding diet sodas due to concerns about artificial sweeteners.
Taking its cue from the runway looks during Spring 2014 Fashion Week, Maybelline New York launched in October its new Creamy Mattes Color Sensational collection.
It may account for the smallest percentage of total color cosmetics, but don't let that fool you. Lip color is currently the darling of the cosmetics category.
Earlier this year iHealth Lab launched iHealth Align, a mobile blood-glucose monitor that plugs directly into a smartphone, and displays and stores readings using the iHealth Gluco-Smart app.
Nipro Diagnostics introduced its True Metrix Self-Monitoring and the True Metrix Pro Professional Monitoring blood-glucose systems.
Four-in-10 U.S. adults are expected to develop Type 2 diabetes at some point in their lifetime, according to a new study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology in August, suggesting that as many as 126 million consumers will be looking for treatment options, including self-monitoring their condition at home.


text:
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"I highly recommend this print in address labels and gift tag stickers!!! I got this for my daughter in both and we love them!! So pretty and vibrant!!!"
"I've never seen anything like these fun stickers! I'm using them to put inside the cover of cookbooks I send as gifts and also on food or any other kitchen related gifts. Should have ordered more...and I will!"
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"Love these! I bought multiple sets for each of my daughters. I plan to use them for everything: gift tags, create stationary, etc. Graphic is just as vivid as on screen. Used them right out of the box when they arrived!"


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text:
DETROIT (AP) — General Motors is replacing the executives in charge of communications and human resources as it struggles with a string of embarrassing recalls that have led to congressional hearings and federal investigations.
Communications chief Selim Bingol and human resources head Melissa Howell are leaving the company to pursue other interests, the company said Monday in a statement.
John Quattrone, who currently is executive director of human resources, will replace Howell, but GM has not yet named a replacement for Bingol, the statement said. The changes are effective immediately.
GM is in the midst of a crisis over safety of some of its older-model vehicles, including 2.6 million small cars worldwide that have been recalled to replace faulty ignition switches. GM says at least 13 deaths have been linked to the switch problem. Family members of those killed say the death toll is much higher.
The switches can unexpectedly slip from the "run" position to "accessory" or "off," shutting down the engine and disabling the power-assisted steering and brakes and the air bags. Without power steering, the cars become difficult to steer, and many drivers have inexplicably gone off the road or into oncoming traffic.
But GM spokesman Greg Martin said the moves are not linked to the recalls. He attributed them to CEO Mary Barra, who took over in January, making her own hires in key positions. "The changes are part of what any company expects during periods of transition, and Mary is building her own team," Martin said.
Bingol, a former head of communications for AT&T, was hired in 2010 by former CEO Ed Whitacre, who once was chief executive of the telecom giant. He stayed through the tenure of CEO Dan Akerson, who stepped down in February and was replaced by product development head Mary Barra.
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