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|By PR Newswire
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|February 25, 2013 06:00 AM EST
NUREMBERG, Germany, Feb. 25, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --Embedded World 2013, Atmel® Corporation (NASDAQ: ATML), a leader in microcontroller (MCU) and touch technology solutions, today announced the company will be showcasing a variety of smart, connected applications from the lab environment to the digital living room at Embedded World (EW) 2013 held in Nuremberg, Germany, February 26-28, 2013.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120530/SF15228LOGO)
Demos will be showcased in the Atmel Stand 5-311, Hall 5.
The following microcontroller (MCU), touch and security applications will be showcased in the 'lab' portion of the exhibit:
- The recently announced Atmel Cortex™-A5 based SAMA5D3 microprocessor (MPU) will be showcased in two demos: one running Linux and a sleek-user interface for home automation, while the other demonstrates an Android 4.0 on a maXTouch® touch-enabled LCD station. This station showcases the latest Atmel AVR® and ARM® processor-based software tools including Studio 6 and the new Atmel Xplained PRO boards with SAM4L and SAM4S ARM processor-based devices.
- A board highlighting an Atmel XMEGA AVR MCU-based LED demo with a maXTouch mXT143 will also be on display, along with demonstrations of the open source Arduino platform.
- A medical lab station with several applications highlighting MPUs including the a portable oximeter using the Atmel SAM9G45 ARM processor-based device with an AVR UC3B, and the latest medical tablet using the Atmel SAM9M11 ARM processor-based device.
- Atmel automotive solutions highlighting our automotive touch, car access, turbo charger and door access applications.
- Touch solutions highlighting Atmel QTouch® technologies for button, slider and wheel functionality.
- Security solutions highlighting Atmel CryptoAuthenication™ devices in lighting and drill applications, along with a digital temperature sensor and a board showcasing the Atmel AT24MAC / CS Serial EEPROM.
- Atmel wireless solutions showcasing a ZigBee Light Link solution, set-top box, lighting application and an Atmel Xplained PRO board with an ATMEGA-256RFR2 device.
In the digital living room, exhibitors can experience smart, connected devices with Atmel solutions including:
- Several consumer devices including a keyboard with an LCD for smart typing utilizing the Atmel ARM926-based SAM9G15 processor-based device; a life-logging camera along with an Xprint iOS printer server using an Atmel ARM SAM9G25 processor-based device.
- Solutions highlighting Atmel Wi-Fi solutions using Wi-Fi direct peripherals including a specialized remote control, a gaming headset, a keyboard and mouse.
- Touch tablets, social media stations, ZigBee lights and other end user applications.
Atmel Technology Experts will also be addressing several technical sessions and classes during the show:
- Session 16: Building an Intelligent Lighting Control Network through a Virtualized Infrastructure. This session will be presented by Jesus Teijeiro on February 27 from 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm CET.
- Class 12: Ultra-low Power System Design Workshop Performance and Power Consumption Tradeoffs in Modern MCU Architectures. This class will be presented by Paal Kastnes on February 27 from 10:50 am – 11:50 am CET
- Session 26: Automotive Applications / Meeting the Environmental Challenges for Automotive Touchscreen Applications. This session will be presented by Stephan Thaler from 1:30 pm – 2:00 pm CET on February 28.
At the Electronics Display Conference, held on February 27-28 at the Nuremberg Convention Center, Atmel will present:
- Session 1 on Touchscreens: Advantages of Flexible Sensors. This session will be presented by Mariel van Tatenhove from 2:20 pm - 2:40 pm CET on February 27.
More Information:
Atmel at EW Nuremberg 2013: http://enable.atmel.com/EWNuremberg2013
Atmel Blog: http://atmelcorporation.wordpress.com
Atmel YouTube Channel: www.atmel.com/youtube
Twitter: www.atmel.com/twitter
LinkedIn: www.atmel.com/linkedin
Facebook: www.atmel.com/facebook
About Atmel
Atmel Corporation (NASDAQ: ATML) is a worldwide leader in the design and manufacture of microcontrollers, capacitive touch solutions, advanced logic, mixed-signal, nonvolatile memory and radio frequency (RF) components. Leveraging one of the industry's broadest intellectual property (IP) technology portfolios, Atmel is able to provide the electronics industry with complete system solutions focused on industrial, consumer, communications, computing and automotive markets.
© 2013 Atmel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Atmel®, Atmel logo and combinations thereof, AVR®, maXTouch®, and others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. ARM® and Cortex TM are registered trademarks or trademarks of ARM Ltd. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others.
Press Contact:
Agnes Toan, PR Manager
Tel: (+1) 408-487-2963, Email: [email protected]
SOURCE Atmel Corporation
The 3rd International Internet of @ThingsExpo, co-located with the 16th International Cloud Expo - to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY - announces that its Call for Papers is now open. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the biggest idea since the creation of the Worldwide Web more than 20 years ago.
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The Internet of Things is tied together with a thin strand that is known as time. Coincidentally, at the core of nearly all data analytics is a timestamp. When working with time series data there are a few core principles that everyone should consider, especially across datasets where time is the common boundary. In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Jim Scott, Director of Enterprise Strategy & Architecture at MapR Technologies, discussed single-value, geo-spatial, and log time series data. By focusing on enterprise applications and the data center, he will use OpenTSDB as an example t...
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How do APIs and IoT relate? The answer is not as simple as merely adding an API on top of a dumb device, but rather about understanding the architectural patterns for implementing an IoT fabric. There are typically two or three trends: Exposing the device to a management framework Exposing that management framework to a business centric logic Exposing that business layer and data to end users. This last trend is the IoT stack, which involves a new shift in the separation of what stuff happens, where data lives and where the interface lies. For instance, it's a mix of architectural styles ...
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An entirely new security model is needed for the Internet of Things, or is it? Can we save some old and tested controls for this new and different environment? In his session at @ThingsExpo, New York's at the Javits Center, Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, reviewed hands-on lessons with IoT devices and reveal a new risk balance you might not expect. Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, has more than nineteen years' experience managing global security operations and assessments, including a decade of leading incident response and digital forensics. He is co-author of t...
Nov. 27, 2014 01:00 PM EST Reads: 2,120
The Internet of Things will greatly expand the opportunities for data collection and new business models driven off of that data. In her session at @ThingsExpo, Esmeralda Swartz, CMO of MetraTech, discussed how for this to be effective you not only need to have infrastructure and operational models capable of utilizing this new phenomenon, but increasingly service providers will need to convince a skeptical public to participate. Get ready to show them the money!
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The Internet of Things will put IT to its ultimate test by creating infinite new opportunities to digitize products and services, generate and analyze new data to improve customer satisfaction, and discover new ways to gain a competitive advantage across nearly every industry. In order to help corporate business units to capitalize on the rapidly evolving IoT opportunities, IT must stand up to a new set of challenges. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Jeff Kaplan, Managing Director of THINKstrategies, will examine why IT must finally fulfill its role in support of its SBUs or face a new round of...
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One of the biggest challenges when developing connected devices is identifying user value and delivering it through successful user experiences. In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Mike Kuniavsky, Principal Scientist, Innovation Services at PARC, described an IoT-specific approach to user experience design that combines approaches from interaction design, industrial design and service design to create experiences that go beyond simple connected gadgets to create lasting, multi-device experiences grounded in people's real needs and desires.
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Enthusiasm for the Internet of Things has reached an all-time high. In 2013 alone, venture capitalists spent more than $1 billion dollars investing in the IoT space. With "smart" appliances and devices, IoT covers wearable smart devices, cloud services to hardware companies. Nest, a Google company, detects temperatures inside homes and automatically adjusts it by tracking its user's habit. These technologies are quickly developing and with it come challenges such as bridging infrastructure gaps, abiding by privacy concerns and making the concept a reality. These challenges can't be addressed w...
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Scott Jenson leads a project called The Physical Web within the Chrome team at Google. Project members are working to take the scalability and openness of the web and use it to talk to the exponentially exploding range of smart devices. Nearly every company today working on the IoT comes up with the same basic solution: use my server and you'll be fine. But if we really believe there will be trillions of these devices, that just can't scale. We need a system that is open a scalable and by using the URL as a basic building block, we open this up and get the same resilience that the web enjoys.
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Connected devices and the Internet of Things are getting significant momentum in 2014. In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Jim Hunter, Chief Scientist & Technology Evangelist at Greenwave Systems, examined three key elements that together will drive mass adoption of the IoT before the end of 2015. The first element is the recent advent of robust open source protocols (like AllJoyn and WebRTC) that facilitate M2M communication. The second is broad availability of flexible, cost-effective storage designed to handle the massive surge in back-end data in a world where timely analytics is e...
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We are reaching the end of the beginning with WebRTC, and real systems using this technology have begun to appear. One challenge that faces every WebRTC deployment (in some form or another) is identity management. For example, if you have an existing service – possibly built on a variety of different PaaS/SaaS offerings – and you want to add real-time communications you are faced with a challenge relating to user management, authentication, authorization, and validation. Service providers will want to use their existing identities, but these will have credentials already that are (hopefully) i...
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"Matrix is an ambitious open standard and implementation that's set up to break down the fragmentation problems that exist in IP messaging and VoIP communication," explained John Woolf, Technical Evangelist at Matrix, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held Nov 4–6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
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P2P RTC will impact the landscape of communications, shifting from traditional telephony style communications models to OTT (Over-The-Top) cloud assisted & PaaS (Platform as a Service) communication services. The P2P shift will impact many areas of our lives, from mobile communication, human interactive web services, RTC and telephony infrastructure, user federation, security and privacy implications, business costs, and scalability. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Robin Raymond, Chief Architect at Hookflash, will walk through the shifting landscape of traditional telephone and voice services ...
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Explosive growth in connected devices. Enormous amounts of data for collection and analysis. Critical use of data for split-second decision making and actionable information. All three are factors in making the Internet of Things a reality. Yet, any one factor would have an IT organization pondering its infrastructure strategy. How should your organization enhance its IT framework to enable an Internet of Things implementation? In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, James Kirkland, Chief Architect for the Internet of Things and Intelligent Systems at Red Hat, described how to revolutioniz...
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This is for me to solve,so don't answer me right now. but just to explain my "stupidity" by using the java array list:
I know that the total number columns in the game is 7 right..? but not all the time all of them is playable (e.g a column can be totally full).
so what i did is: ArrayList moves = new ArrayList(); and then pass through all the columns from 0 to 7 (actually i am doing it from the center and outside to improve the move ordering a little bit. I have an array columns = {3,2,4,1,5,0,6} ) and doing from(i to 7) { if ! fullColumn, than - moves.add(i) } and that's how i get a list that holds all the PLAYABLE columns. (which in the alpha beta i am just playing one after the other)
So if i want to create a normal array inside the alpha beta, and this array has to be declared on some initial size... let's say for example - array moves - new int[7];
and than i can do: from (i to 7) if !fullColumn, moves[i] = i; or something like this.. but than i have an array of size 7 but some indexes can be empty (or equal to 0, this is the default of int in java). now, even in this way i can say that if a columns is full than i put a -1 in the array, that's how i know that i don't need to play this index, but i can't sort the columns by the HH that way...that's my main problem! so i need to figure out how to initialize this array and how to allocate it. I read your comment above abouto holding an variable that tells me how many elements i can use, but i didn't understand it (yet).
If i didn't need to sort this array by the HH, than i could just do from (i to 7) if( !fullColumn) make move... etc'. but i need to first create an array of all the playable columns and sort it before i can use it. and i can't just do moves.add(i) with a normal array, only with an arraylist.
I hope i can figure this out on my own.. if not i will come back


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Isenberg 180.2000 Serie 180 Two Handle Three Hole Basin Mixer Faucet
Product Description
Isenberg's Serie 180 is our all time best seller. Loved by builders it offers exceptional quality at affordable prices. The Series 180 has been been made with the many needs of a home in mind, with taste and construction being the prime concerns.
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- Limited lifetime warranty to the original consumer purchaser against materials and craftsmanship. Please see warranty page for detailed warranty coverage.
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Burger lovers are not having an easy time lately. Last month, news broke that the USDA's National School Lunch Program had recently purchased seven million pounds of something delectably called "pink slime." Soon thereafter, news reports trumpeted that pink slime hasn't just been making its way into school lunches, as bad as that sounds. In recent years, nearly a billion pounds of this ammonia-laced burger filler have been mixed annually into the ground beef sold in the U.S. As a result, more than two-thirds of the nation's pre-made burger patties have contained pink slime. The name "pink slime" sounds, well, … Read More
Pink Slime – And More
Factory Farms 'Pink slime' is the tip of the iceberg: Look what else is in industrial meat By Tom Laskawy 19 Mar 2012 7:44 AM Photo by Cobalt123. You didn't think I'd miss my chance to weigh in on the latest round of pink slime discussions, did you? Rather than recapitulate the horror that is your favorite form of "lean finely textured beef," I will instead point you to my favorite statement in defense of pink slime. It was given by American Meat Institute Director of Scientific Affairs Betsy Booren to NPR: "This is not the same ammonia you'd use in cleaning … Read More


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Monte Verde Apartment Rental Photos and Description
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text: ESPN Feed: lakers heat http://assets.espn.go.com/i/tvlistings/tv_espn_original.gif ESPN en-us 10 ESPN Inc. http://espn.go.com/ Copyright 2010 ESPN Inc. The AC could never have been turned off intentionally and LeBron is a huge wimp. There was a lot of nonsense in reaction to Game 1 of the NBA Finals. Keith explains.]]> June 06, 2014 19:22:58 PDT ]]> January 23, 2014 20:50:32 PST Dwyane Wade has resumed a conditioning and rehabilitation program on his troublesome knees and will miss his fourth consecutive game Thursday when the Miami Heat face the Lakers.]]> January 23, 2014 07:01:22 PST MIAMI -- When the Los Angeles Lakers and Miami Heat take the floor Thursday, four of the last five NBA championship-winning teams will be represented....]]> January 22, 2014 13:39:06 PST Lakers-Heat Preview]]> January 22, 2014 07:49:03 PST Two titles seem to have healed some wounds for fans of LeBron James.]]> July 26, 2013 11:12:21 PDT Max & Marcellus breakdown all the NBA trade rumors involving the Lakers, Clippers and Celtics. Are the Heat done, or are they going to comeback and wi...]]> June 17, 2013 13:08:24 PDT Max & Marcellus throw around all the hot NBA trade rumors with the Lakers, Clippers and Celtics. ESPN.COM writer and Clippers Podcast host Kevin Arnov...]]> June 17, 2013 14:12:12 PDT Skip Bayless and Stephen A. Smith react to Danny Ainge's comments about Lebron whining. Plus Buster Olney and John Kruk joined the debate desk to disc...]]> March 29, 2013 07:05:05 PDT Hall of Famer Jerry West told ESPN.com on Wednesday night that he had started to believe the Heat, at the very least, would match the Lakers' all-time record of 33 wins in a row.]]> March 27, 2013 18:07:58 PDT Beto Duran is sitting in for John Ireland, who's traveling with the Lakers. Steve & Beto discuss some of the worse trades that the Angels have made th...]]> March 26, 2013 12:28:32 PDT Skip Bayless and Stephen A. Smith debate LeBron James' clutchness, Darelle Revis trade rumors and much more.]]> March 07, 2013 07:20:30 PST Mike Greenberg and Mike Golic share their thoughts on Lakers-Heat, LeBron James, Clippers-Knicks, Carmelo Anthony and more.]]> February 11, 2013 04:54:22 PST The Heat are playoff contenders while the Lakers are on the outside.]]> February 10, 2013 16:40:56 PST Kevin Calabro and Dr. Jack Ramsay recap Miami Heat's victory over the Los Angeles Lakers.]]> February 10, 2013 12:28:01 PST


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text:
Talk:List of Greek words with English derivatives
|WikiProject Glossaries
|WikiProject Greece
|(Rated List-class)
- 1 Sort by citation form
- 2 Prepositions used as prefixes, and derivational suffixes
- 3 Salary from Greek hal- through Latin salarium
- 4 Generation and vineyard
- 5 English Derivatives column
- 6 false etymologies
- 7 Answers to the "false etymologies"
- 8 criteria for inclusion in this list
- 9 Some further thoughts
- 10 When in doubt ... delete
- 11 question
- 12 April
- 13 Proposed table of entries for deletion
- 14 2007-02-7 Automated pywikipediabot message
- 15 Word linking
- 16 ?
- 17 (Mis)use of final sigmas?
- 18 Misuse of ζ's & ς's & ο's & ε's & ν's
- 19 homo- or iso-?
- 20 φάγω̣̣???
- 21 Ergative
- 22 Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία
- 23 What is meant by a "derivative"?
- 24 Which root to cite?
Sort by citation form[edit]
I believe that in Greek, the "lexical form" (((Usually called the citation form in English.--Macrakis 22:13, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)))) of a verb is first person singular, rather than the infinitive as it is in English. So for instance, you would typically see "graphw" for "I write" in a Greek lexicon, rather than "graphein" for "to write", although "to write" is the lexical verb form in English. With that said, it would make more sense to me to see the Greek lexical form used as long as Greek is in the leftmost column. Wesley
Agreed. It is a lot easier to see a verb in the first person present singular than the infinitive. Whilst in most modern languages it is commonplace to refer to verbs by their infinitives, in ancient/classical Greek (and Latin for that matter), I have yet to find a dictionary that refers to regular verbs by the infinitive, and suggest that this article keep to the regular standard. Merchanttaylorsschoolnorthwood 18:17, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
What in Hell do you mean by saying "if we ever got a Greek alphabet"? Writing Greek letters that are legible as Greek letters on Explorer and Mozilla and other browsers (maybe not on Netscape?) has long be a simple matter on Wikipedia, and recently Wikipedia acquired TeX capabilities.
Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ
Michael Hardy 23:40 Jan 13, 2003 (UTC)
[vfd tag placed by anon removed] Niteowlneils 18:34, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)
What is the point of this article? Why wasn't it deleted? Adam 11:49, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
Hmm... Don't ask me, I just sorted the list... Kieff 01:24, May 10, 2004 (UTC)
Proposal to restructure this article[edit]
It seems to me that this article is really two entirely different articles: a list of ancient Greek words that have given rise to English words, and a list of modern Greek expressions for some common English words. I propose to delete the latter as it's very arbitrary in its selection, and inconsistent in its transliteration. If someone wants to re-create it as a separate article they can do so from the history of this page, but in that case they should certainly include the Greek alphabet equivalents.
The first part of the article is potentially useful, but rather misleading. For instance the "Latin transliteration" isn't Latin at all - it's a transliteration into the roman alphabet using a scheme that's neither consistently classical Greek or modern Greek. Also the derivation of some words such as "gynaecology" isn't clear from the form of the word that's shown. rossb 17:44, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Article moved[edit]
I've just completed a mjor restructuring of this article and moved it from "Greek Lexicon" to "List of Greek words with English derivatives". I've now deleted the modern Greek bit, and reorganised the list of words with English derivatives, which I hope is now in much better shape (although it's still a very short list and could do with considerable expansion). rossb 09:50, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Still to be done[edit]
I suggest we could add some or all of the Greek words from List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names - I've extracted the list as follows (note that the orthography of many of them will need standadising):
brachy G short
caulos G stem, stalk
cephalus G head
chloro G green
cyano G blue-green
dactylus G finger or toe
deca G ten
dermis G skin
di- G two-
diplo- G double
dodeca G twelve
dolicho- G elongated
echinus G spine
ennea G nine
ennea G ninety
erythro G red
gaster G belly
glycis G sweet
halo G salt
hecta G hundred
hendeca G eleven
hepta G seven
heptacota G seventy
hexa G six
hexacota G sixty
icosa G twenty
leucus G white
melanus G black
mono- G one-
morphos G shape
morph- G shape
mauro- G dark
nothos G false, bastard
notos G southern
octa G eight
octaconta G eighty
oeos- G tubular
opt- G eye
ortho- G straight
pachys G thick, stout
pelagius G oceanic
penta- G five-
pentaconta G fifty
petra G rocky, stony
phyllo G leaf
phyton G plant
platy G flat
protos G first
pteron G wing
rhiza G root
rhytis G wrinkled
saurus G lizard
stoma G mouth, opening
tetra- G four-
tetraconta G forty
tri- LG three-
trich-, thrix G hair
triconta G thirty
-ura G of the tail
Prepositions used as prefixes, and derivational suffixes[edit]
It seems to me that it would be very useful to include prepositions which are used as prefixes in compound words, e.g. ana, anti, en, peri, pro, ex, etc. And even prefixes which aren't independent prepositions, e.g. a-/an-.
Similarly, it would be useful to include derivational suffixes, even if they are not independent words, e.g. -ismos (archaism), -is/-ida (orchid), -ides (arachnid), -oid, etc.--Macrakis 22:13, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Could I agree and suggest either a section within this article for common prefixes and suffixes or a link to another article containing them. Another idea might be links to lists of phobias (either Wikipedia or external e.g. phobialist.com), manias, -ologies, -ocracies/-archies, etc. Merchanttaylorsschoolnorthwood 18:07, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
Salary from Greek hal- through Latin salarium[edit]
Salary was derived from Latin salarium, from root sal-
Ref.: http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/s/s0037300.html
sal-, from Greek hals- (άλς) salt, sea
Ref.: http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/roots/zzs00400.html
Similarly: Astrology from L. Astrologia,[1] from G. Αστρολογία --Odysses 11:19, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
- Sorry, but the referenced URL doesn't seem to mention Greek. I've also consulated the Oxford Latin Dictionary, and it treats Salrium as a normal Latin derivative from sal, with no reference to any Greek origin. Of course Greek hals and Latin sal are from the same Indo-European root (with Greek shown the normal loss of initial s and replacement with h, but I can't see any justification for regarding salarium as derived from Greek, so I'm going to delete it again. rossb 17:45, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
- It is quoted in the second link, bottom line.
- I have pasted the explanation bellow.
sal- Salt. Extended form *sald-. Suffixed form *sald-o-. SALT, from Old English sealt, salt, from Germanic *saltam;
SOUSE1, from Old French sous, pickled meat; SILT, from Middle English cylte, fine sand, from a source probably akin to Danish and Norwegian sylt, salt marsh. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic zero-grade suffixed extended form *sult-j; SALSA, SAUCE, SAUSAGE, from Latin sallere (past participle salsus < *sald-to-), to salt. SAL, SALAD, SALAMI, SALARY, SALI-, SALINE; SALMAGUNDI, SALTCELLAR, SALTPETER, from Latin sl (genitive salis), salt. HALO-, from Greek hals (stem hal-), salt, sea. [Pokorny 1. sal- 878.]
- Also in root halo-
- http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/h/h0030900.html
- Interesting that hals means both sea and salt.
- The only occurrence meaning sea is in Thessaly, thesis halos (location of sea) --Odysses 18:42, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
- I don't think this is saying that sal derives from hals; it looks as if it's merely giving cognate words in other languages. And there's no way that latin initial s could come from a greek h - the s is the original form, which is retained in Latin and lost in Greek. There are a few rather obscure Latin words that derive from Greek derivatives of hals, but they all retain the h (for instance halipleumon, a jellyfish). rossb 20:05, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
- On the contrary, Latin initial s frequently comes from a Greek h, also within synonymous Greek words. For example:
- hemi, semi
- hyper, super
- hepta, septem,
- Hellas Hellen, Selene, selas --Odysses 28 June 2005 16:07 (UTC)
- Are you by any chance related to the character in My Big Fat Greek Wedding who maintained that all conceivable words were derived from Greek? :) hemi and semi are both regularly derived from an Indo-European source which would have had an s. Similarly with hepta and septem (where the English word "seven" also preserves the s). In these cases, and others like them, the Latin word has not come from Greek (nor vice versa) but both have derived from a common ancestor. I'm not clear what Hellas etc have to do with it: as far as I know Selene is not related (but I'm away from my dictionaries at present) and I don't recognise selas. rossb 28 June 2005 16:57 (UTC)
Did I explicitly say so, or did you make a wild guess?
Besides, what's the relation between UNIX and the ancient languages? :-)
Roman mythology describes how Aeneas came to Latium from the Greek speaking Troy. In this respect, why would it be unreasonable to assume that Latin was developed from Greek?
Here are some facts.
- Homer, Odyssey book 17, card 424
- ou su g' an ex oikou sôi epistatêi oud' hala doiês, hos nun allotrioisi parêmenos ou ti moi etlês sitou apoproelôn domenai:
- (if you were in your own house you would not spare a poor man so much as a pinch of salt, for though you are in another man's, and surrounded with abundance, you cannot find it in you to give him even a piece of bread.")
- Homer, Odyssey book 12, card 111
- entha de pollai boskont' Êelioio boes kai iphia mêla, hepta boôn agelai, tosa d' oiôn pôea kala, pentêkonta d' hekasta.
- (You will now come to the Thrinacian island, and here you will see many herds of cattle and flocks of sheep belonging to the sun-god- seven herds of cattle and seven flocks of sheep, with fifty head in each flock.)
These words of Homer appeared in written form back in 850 BC. Latin writing appeared 2 centuries later.
In Cratylus by Plato there is very interesting information regarding ancient languages.--Odysses 29 June 2005 12:22 (UTC)
- Sorry but this is not relevant. Greek and Latin (or rather Italic, a family of languages to which Latin belongs) had diverged from each other and from the other Indo-European languages a thousand or more years before Homer. The inital s is recorded in many Indo-European languages, for instance English "seven". It changed from s to h at an early stage of Greek, and there is no way that it would have got changed back again in Latin. There are many words of Greek origin in Greek, but these generally reflect the classical Greek (mainly Attic) and in for instance perserve the Greek initial h. There are a few oddities, for instance Greek Odysseus -> latin Ulysses, but these are generally attributed to early borrowings via Etruscan, and don't in any cases restore changes (such as s to h) that had already happened in Greek.
- As far as Aeneas is concerned:
- although Homer represents the Trojans as speaking Greek this may be just a convention (like the Indians speaking English in old Western films). I think it's unknown what language was spoken in Troy.
- the legend of Aeneas is just that.
- Aeneas is said to have escaped from Troy with a very small party (was it just his father and young son?) - if he did get to Italy his descendants would probably have assimilated with the locals and ended up speaking a local language
- ancient epics don't generally dwell on language difficulies - for instance as far as I recall from Virgil, Aeneas had no difficulty conversing with Dido although she would presumably have spoken Phoenician (a Semitic language).
- By the way, great as Plato's authority may be in certain areas, I think comparative philology has moved on a bit since his day! rossb 29 June 2005 15:09 (UTC)
- Aeneas's origin was also from Crete and Italy.
- At Delos, Apollo speaks to Aeneas, instructing him to go to the land of his ancestors. Anchises interprets Apollo's remark as a reference to the island of Crete, where one of the great Trojan forefathers :::http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/aeneid/section3.rhtml
- I am afraid the "Indians speaking English" paradigm is not valid.
- Of course some of the Trojan allies spoke other languages. They included Carians, Phrygians, Paphlagonians, Ethiopians, etc.
- Aeneas had some 5.000 Trojan comrades. They fought many battles and survived on their way to Latium.
- Perhaps you may be surprised to know that there were two Trojan wars. One under Agamemnon, and another in the depths of mythology under Heracles.
- After the burning of Alexandria library and through the Dark Ages, only 5% of the old texts survived. In the fragments of Orphics, there is mention of Trojan War epics composed long before Homer.--Odysses 30 June 2005 11:35 (UTC)
- Yes I think you're right on Aeneas - it just shows one shouldn't post without checking one's sources. But on the main point, if you look at the Proto-Greek article you will see that the loss of initial s (in fact pre-vocalic s generally) was there from the very earliest phase of the language, far earlier than any likely contact with the Latins. I think there's no doubt that the h is an innovation peculiar to Greek, which rather implies that languages (such as Latin and indeed English) which preserve the s can't possibly be descended from Greek, as indeed has been the general view of Indo-European philology for the last 200 years. By the way what is your source for the derivation of Thessaly? At first sight it looks rather unlikely - Greek ss (or tt in Attic) as far I recall (again without checking so I may be wrong) generally has a different origin to a single s. rossb 30 June 2005 19:07 (UTC)
- Thanks. I am not sure if this is any relevant, but in my previous examples, Hellas Helen, also Helios are related to light emitting, whereas Selene (moon) and selas (Aurora Borealis)) are reflectors of light.
- I found something on Thessaly.
- The fertile plain of Thessaly, shut in on an sides by lofty mountain ranges, and watered by the river Peneius and its tributary streams, was believed to have once formed a vast lake...
- http://snible.org/coins/hn/thessaly.html
- Herodotus, CXXIX.
- In ancient days, it is said, there was not yet this channel and outfall, but those rivers and the Boebean lake, which was not yet named, had the same volume of water as now, and thereby turned all Thessaly into a sea.
- http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126;query=chapter%3D%231193;layout=;loc=7.130.1
- I assume Thessaly was derived as:
- Θέσις αλός, Θεσισαλία, Θεσσαλία, or Θετταλία
Generation and vineyard[edit]
Generation is from Latin, not Geek, as the -ation suffix might suggest (normally from Latin, except in the form -ization). Obviously it's the same Indo-European root, but the r in gneration is a tell-tale sign: the word in Indo-European would have been genos, genetive genesos. Th medial s is weakened in boht Greek and Latin, but differently, giving Greek genos, geneos, Latin genus, generis.
Vineyard is from latin vīnum. Again it's cognate with Greek oinos, which did indeed in early times have a form with an initial digamma, but I can't find in Liddle and Scott any trace of a form omitting the omicron. rossb 20:32, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
- I have found something on Ϝοῖνος on Digamma. You were right omicron should not be omitted.
- ...the word for wine, οἶνος, was used in the meter where a word starting with a consonant should have been placed. Further evidence coupled with cognate-analysis shows that οἶνος should be Ϝοῖνος.
- It would sound like vinos or winos.
- Homer's epics appeared in written form presumably at approximately 850 BC. The Duenos inscription dated back to the 6th century BC. One of the earliest Latin poets. Quintus Ennius (239 - 169 BC) composed 650 years after Homer.
- It is well known that Odysseus treated Polyphemus with οἶνος :-)
- Before the adoption of Latin alphabet, i.e. before 650 BC I would expect the Latin vocabulary to comprise of 10 – 20.000 entries at the most. Therefore, I wouldn't expect any complex formats before 650 BC.--Odysses 4 July 2005 10:06 (UTC)
English Derivatives column[edit]
I do believe that derivative words in this right hand column shouldn't necessarily link to WP articles. They actually represent dictionary entries, not encyclopaedia articles. I've noticed some removals when there isn't any active link of the derivative.--Odysses 13:46, 24 November 2005 (UTC)
This also causes some disambiguation things - we link to a disambiguation page for organ for example. Is this sensible? Would a gerneral redirect to the Wiktionary be better? LeeG 23:41, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
false etymologies[edit]
The following English derivatives need to be removed from the list:
- Potomac is derived from the Native American tribe Patawomek not from the Greek word, potom.
- Lysistrata is not an 'English derivative' of the Greek word lysis. It's a name of a 5th century BCE play and its main character. It can be argued that Aristophanes meant the character's name to evoke the Greek word. But it can't be argued that this proper noun can be used as a common one in English today (like odyssey or academy can). (One wonders why Aristophanes - 'best' + 'speaker' - is not on the list if we just include all proper nouns. ha!)
- Same thing with Calypso (the Greek nymph) as with Lysistrata.
- More proper names: Alexander, Agapitus, Amaryllis, Aphrodite, Agape Europe (an organization), Almondsbury (common on), .
- Phobos (either god of fear or moon of Mars) is a terrible example of a derivative of the Greek word Phobos (god of fear).
- anti- is a bit over exampled. antibiotics and antiseptic, cool. antitank? anticyclone? antivirus? antigravity? a little of a stretch.
Other comments:
- arachnophobia or agoraphobia are better examples of a phob derivative than Cryophobia because people have already heard of them and because they use other Greek stems on this list.
- programma in Greek doesn't mean to program (can we just say, "write publicly" or to add a 'gram' stem?).
- likewise, allegory is derived from allegorein, which is supposed to mean 'to interpret allegorically'? Come on, that's not even what etymoline.com says (they say "to describe one image for another").
- akrostikhis doesn't mean 'head, end' in Greek.
- amethyst doesn't mean 'not drunk'. (wouldn't methys, wine, be a better base word anyhow?)
- amphora doesn't mean 'bearer'
- anorthosis = erection? This seems highly dubious as there's a football club called Anorthosis in Cyprus. Anorthosis_Famagusta_FC. Sounds like a prank.
- acoustic guitar, accoustic engineering, acoustic nerve, ... too redudant
- Some of your points are correct. I'll try to fix them and answer the "incorrect" points later. +MATIA ☎ 01:34, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
- If you want, you may check in the meantime some of your points, with the linked wiki-articles or The Compact Oxford English Dictionary, one example. +MATIA ☎ 12:10, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
Answers to the "false etymologies"[edit]
I can only reply to the questions above on entries that I have inserted personally.
For an old user Slava, you have a small number of contributions.
I have used several English dictionaries as a reference. One of them is the on-line American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition [2]. In my opinion it's a reliable English dictionary. However, I would be interested to hear different opinions.
- - More proper names: Alexander, Agapitus, Amaryllis, Aphrodite, Agape Europe (an organization), Almondsbury (common on),
Why do you suggest to delete them? You would normally find those entries in most dictionaries [3], [4], [5]. Besides, Alexander is also a cocktail, aphrodisiac is a stimulant. Names too, normaly have an etymology.
- - Phobos (either god of fear or moon of Mars) is a terrible example of a derivative of the Greek word Phobos (god of fear).
As above. [6]
- - anti- is a bit over exampled. antibiotics and antiseptic, cool. antitank? anticyclone? antivirus? antigravity? a little of a stretch.
They are all entries found in a dictionaty [7]
- - arachnophobia or agoraphobia are better examples of a phob derivative than Cryophobia because people have already heard of them and because they use other Greek stems on this list.
I don't see why there should be a limitation as to the number of examples in the "English Derivative" column. There are numerous examples of –phobia derivatives, ref. [8] and I see no reason to reject some/any of them.
- - likewise, allegory is derived from allegorein, which is supposed to mean 'to interpret allegorically'? Come on, that's not even what etymoline.com says (they say "to describe one image for another").
From The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language: allegory [Middle English allegorie, from Latin allegoria, from Greek, from allegorein, to interpret allegorically. Ref. [9]
- - amethyst doesn't mean 'not drunk'. (wouldn't methys, wine, be a better base word anyhow?)
From The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language: amethyst n. [Middle English amatist, from Old French, from Latin amethystus, from Greek amethustos, not drunk or intoxicating, [10]
- - amphora doesn't mean 'bearer'
From The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language: amphora [Middle English, from Latin, from Greek amphoreus, short for amphiphoreus : amphi-, amphi- + phoreus, bearer (from pherein, to bear; see bher-1 in Indo-European roots).] [11]
- - acoustic guitar, accoustic engineering, acoustic nerve, ... too redudant
I don't see your point. They do include the word "acoustic" don't they? Is there an alternative to "acoustic" in this case? I haven't seen the term i.e. "audio guitar" or "audio nerve" anywhere.
- - akrostikhis doesn't mean 'head, end' in Greek.
[French acrostiche, from Old French, from Greek akrostikhis : akron, head, end ; see acromegaly + stikhos, line; see steigh- in Indo-European roots.] [12]
Correct. It should be: head-line, end-line
- anorthosis = erection? This seems highly dubious as there's a football club called Anorthosis in Cyprus.
an·or·tho·site Listen: [ n-ôrth-st ] [French anorthose, a kind of feldspar (Greek an-, not; see a-1 + Greek orthos, straight) + -ite.]
Another alternative would be "rectification".
A reliable Dictionary should have as many entries as possible. So should this list.--Odysses 12:57, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
criteria for inclusion in this list[edit]
First Odysses let me apologize (! on the list?) for seeming combative in my previous comment. I was humbly scanning along when I bumped into Potomac. Since I grew up on the American East Coast I feel a certaina affinity to American place names and their etymology. I knew that most old place names were derived from (1) Native American names/words or (2) English words/persons, or (3) European place names (mostly British). If Potomac was dervied from a Greek language word, it would be a surpise (Philadelphia is one exception). Also it's a surprise if someone named a river the Greek word for 'river' with nothing else to qualify the name (that's something kids do with their toys, adults use qualifiers like "Red" or 'Yellow'). I looked it up and indeed it wasn't, and I felt I needed to put in a comment.
Adding a comment on Potomac made me ask if there were other false etymologies. Going through the list I saw a few questionable etymylogies (such as Lysistrata from lysis) and in general I wondered what the criteria for inclusion was. The scope of the list seemed endless - anything and everything seemed to be included. Why had all those acoustic phrases been included when there's only one derived word there ('acoustic')? And so forth.
So I made comments about some of the included words and their derivations.
Odysses, let me address the comments you have made about my comments...
- Proper names.
- More proper names: Alexander, Agapitus, Amaryllis, Aphrodite, Agape Europe (an organization), Almondsbury...
- Why do you suggest to delete them? You would normally find those entries in most dictionaries [3], [4], [5]. Besides, Alexander is also a cocktail, aphrodisiac is a stimulant. Names too, normaly have an etymology.
- Phobos (either god of fear or moon of Mars) is a terrible example of a derivative of the Greek word Phobos (god of fear).
- As above. [6]
- Lots of superfluous a- and anti- derivatives.
- anti- is a bit over exampled. antibiotics and antiseptic, cool. antitank? anticyclone? antivirus? antigravity? a little of a stretch.
- They are all entries found in a dictionaty [7]
- Various.
- arachnophobia or agoraphobia are better examples of a phob derivative than Cryophobia because people have already heard of them and because they use other Greek stems on this list.
- I don't see why there should be a limitation as to the number of examples in the "English Derivative" column. There are numerous examples of –phobia derivatives, ref. [8] and I see no reason to reject some/any of them.
- amethyst doesn't mean 'not drunk'. (wouldn't methys, wine, be a better base word anyhow?)
- From The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language: amethyst n. [Middle English amatist, from Old French, from Latin amethystus, from Greek amethustos, not drunk or intoxicating, [10]
The dictionaries (see [16], [17], [18]) seem equivocal whether amethustos meant the color/stone 'amethyst' or 'remedy for intoxication' or 'not drunk' when the word was imported into Latin from Greek. My guess would be it meant the mineral as Latin most likely had a native word for 'not drunk' (sobrius has a long derivation from a kind of wine jug) when it imported amethystus. But it sure makes for a good story.
My suggestion is to use meth- as the base word and amethyst, methane, methadone, methanol as derived words (there are dozens of -meth- chemical words, these few are fairly common).
- amphora doesn't mean 'bearer'
- From The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language: amphora [Middle English, from Latin, from Greek amphoreus, short for amphiphoreus : amphi-, amphi- + phoreus, bearer (from pherein, to bear; see bher-1 in Indo-European roots).] [11]
- anorthosis = erection? This seems highly dubious as there's a football club called Anorthosis in Cyprus.
- an·or·tho·site [French anorthose, a kind of feldspar (Greek an-, not; see a-1 + Greek orthos, straight) + -ite.]
Anorthoclase is derived from the word geological orthoclase not from anorthosis (yes, it akes a difference as the claim is that anortho). claimed. Anorthos = not straight [19] and [20] that is, opposite of erection, rectification. Please we need to do better. Can we put anorthosite under ortho- , if at all?
In general there are far too many poor etymologies concerning the prepositions (anates- does not mean to stretch, analy- doesn't mean uneducated, akakia- is not stinging nettle, etc) and overall (ankylοp- doesn't mean with bent legs, anale- doesn't mean to gather, amaranth- doesn't mean unfading flower, etc, etc).
These look sloppy. And defending anorthosis as erection, looks worse.
- likewise, allegory is derived from allegorein, which is supposed to mean 'to interpret allegorically'? Come on, that's not even what etymoline.com says (they say "to describe one image for another").
- From The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language: allegory [Middle English allegorie, from Latin allegoria, from Greek, from allegorein, to interpret allegorically. Ref. [9]
Here's my question: why do we need an entire table entry for allegory (allegorein)? The meaning in Greek is the same as it is in English. The reader derives no benefit from reading "allegor-". It looks foolish to suggest that allegor- is a stem of some sort, it's not. There are tons of words liek this on the list. That is, words that are used in English but there's not point in writign what the Greek meaning of the root word is because it's exactly the same as the one in English.
Examples: amphora, allegory, agape (is that even an English word?), agon, miasma, hoi polloi, polis, hubris, anabasis, etc, etc. There are so many words like on the current list it's frustrating as a reader to read them and get no new information. It's a waste of the reader's time in fact. And one thing readers hate is wasting their time on something that doesn't add to their experience. It really distracts the reader.
- Arcturian is not even a word in any of the standard dictionaries. Not even a specialized word. And what in the world does 'bearward' mean?
What are the criteria for inclusion on the list?[edit]
Odysses, is it any word that can be used in an English sentence? Like Aristotle, Chersonese, Eurydice and amaurosis fugax? Is it every turn of phrase - crisis center and critical path as well as crisis and critical and cris de couer, every imaginablely repetitive pleonasm (airbag and air bubble and air pistol and air guitar and dozens of more air phrases and conglomerations), every superspecialized scientific term - every Rhyncops nigris (skimmer birds) and Cerebrus rhyncops (the Dog's face snake), every pentamethylene and methylnaphthalene, every ephemeris and periapsis, every colpotomy and onychoosteodysplasia (there's half a book devoted to Greek medical etymology, [21]) and bradyautoencephalophasia ([22])?
Is the only criterion for inclusion: anything found in a dictionary? Anything and everything at all that?
Yes, this is a very objective criterion. I'm afraid though that it won't make for an interesting Wikipedia article if all that we editors do is transcribe English derivatives from dictionaries. As I hinted above there would be tens of thousands, maybe a hundred thousand, entries in this article - many needlessly repetitive (the acoustic guitar, acoustic engineering, acoustic nerve, etc., set) many soporifically uninteresting outside the specialized field.
That's not what I want. I hazard to guess that's not what other Wikipedia readers and editors want either. They want a slightly subjective, more modular approach. If editors get tired of contributing to this list and if readers balk at its lenght, this page will serve no purpose.
Odysses wrote:
- A reliable Dictionary should have as many entries as possible. So should this list.
I disagree. This is Wikipedia article (just one!) not a dictionary.
So here are my suggestions for list inclusion which I believe will make such a list a more viable one to use.
Suggested Criteria[edit]
- Make a list of words that mean the same in Greek as in English. It will take up much less space to just list them straight out not in a table: amphora (amphora, ἀμφορεύς), amphitheater (ἀμφιθέατρον, amphitheatron), amphimacer (ἀμφίμακρος, amphimakros) and so on.
- Make a list of preopositions (like meta- and anti-) often combined with non-Greek stems. As mentioned earlier if antitank is on this list, there will be a 100,000 words included on it.
- Specialized words excluded. That is, words not used outside of their specific field.
- There are so many Greek-derived words that never wander outside of geology, biology, medicine, astronomy, zoology, linguistics, or rhetoric/prosody. My suggestion is to make seperate Wikipedia articles for each of these fields and link to them. Specialists in those fields will appreciate the effort without cluttering this general derivation page. There is also a fine line here. One needs to know what's a specialized term and what's highly specialized. I'd suggest Googling the term: if it mainly comes in specialized articles than it should be relegated to specialized Wikipedia pages.
in general use very specialized metaphor anabasis, aphaeresis, synchysis, hendiadys chorus, drama, comedy epirrhema, stasimon, monody alphabet, delta, gamma, iota rhoticism, lambdacism iambic amphimacer, epitrite stalgmite speleothem, spherulite arthritis, iris, esophagus amaurosis fugax, syncope, nosocomial, parenchyma, omphalocele asbestos, diamond, emerald, amethyst amianthus, dolerite. diagenese, analcime ellipse apoapsis, asymptote, kurtosis chemistry, phosphorous alembic, ylem, aliphatic petroleum phenakite, psammite, pegmatite peony, myrrh, hyacinth alyssum, monacanthon, pachygaster, amaurobiidae
- Exclude proper nouns.
- No Greek place names (Attica, Boetician, Delian problems). No Greek gods characters (no Nike, Phobe, Heracles, Rhadamanthus, Ganymede, Amalthea, Erative, Elysian Fields). No real or mythic people (no Pythagorean theorem, Paris, Orphic, Minotaur, Hippocratic oath). Not first names (no Barbara, Peter, Christopher, George, Cynthia, Diana, Phoebe, Callista, Melissa - we shoud put these on another Wikipedia page). No made up words that refer to specific places or things (Megalopolis, Micronesia, Indianapolis, Philadelphia, sorry no 'Wikipedia'!).
- Except: Derived word means something different from original referand.
- Basic way to determine if meaning has changed or been abstracted: does it begin with a uppercase letter or a lower case in the derived word? So "My house is spartan" --> 'spartan' is OK. "My house has Corinthian columns." --> 'Corinthian' is still a proper word (refering to specific architecture syle). Also: "I follow stoic guidelines" --> stoic is OK. But "I practise Attic rhetoric" --> Atticism not OK.
- Examples of derivations:
- Eponyms: epicurean, euhemerism, stoic, platonic, sophist, alexandrine/alexandrite, aphrodisiac, hermaphrodite, thespian, sisyphean, herculean, priapic, callipygian, hermeneutic, hermetic, cyclops, rhea, eleutherian, tantalize, odyssey, olympic, calliope, thalian, aegis, titan, promethean, paean, peony, hyacinth, uranium, harpy, pygmy, hector, stentorian, sybil, oedipal, narcissism, rhesus, myrmidon, siren, philippic, draconian, procrustean, panic, solon, protean, pyrrhonism, icarian, gorgon, atlas, augean, chimera, mithridatism, nestor, mentor, sapphic, satyr, hydra, boreal, rhadamanthine, manichean, nemisis, pander, corybantic.
- Toponyms: spartan, laconic, lesbian, byzantine (or is this a Latin word?), delphic, attic, caryatid, cypress, cyprian, currant (from Corinth!), academy, python, tartarous, marathon, helot, malmsey, arcadian, parchment, colophon, abderian, stygian, lethal, sardonic, pierian, hadal, meander.
- Possible exceptions to the upper/lower case rule (they don't refer to original places): place names that refer to non-Greek places. Antarctica, Atlantic, Mesopotamia, Asia.
- The line between proper nouns and common English words is subjective and open to discussion. I can be swayed on Midas touch, Pandora's box, Cassandra, Ananias, Croesus, Adonis, Cimmerian, Scylla/Charbdis, Achilles tendon (because they are meaningful outside of their original ocntext).
- Better etymological basis. This can be done simpler by having a bibliography of 3-5 dictionaries which account for the majority of etymolgies. Any exceptions can be linked to specifically. The etymological basis for these derivations need to be clearer and stronger.
Any comments on criteria? Thank you.
Apologies, for neglecting to sign earlier (I have some more derivative words to suggest, in a moment, see I'm on your side, Odysses!)...
slava 17:21, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
- First Slava, thank you for your interesting and comprehensive analysis. Only an hour ago I noticed it, although you have posted it three days ago. Just to let you know that I will read it carefully (it will probably take some time) and I will come back.--Odysses 14:15, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
As I mentioned before Slava, you have made a comprehensive analysis, indicating good command of the subject. Welcome aboard!
Perhaps you've noticed that from 15-Non-05 until now I have entered over 200 entries exclusively in letter Alpha. I have double-checked the validity from several sources, but one can never be sure.
I will try to reply to your questions in turns, due to it's length.
- More proper names: Alexander, Agapitus, Amaryllis, Aphrodite, Agape Europe (an organization), Almondsbury (common on)
Yes. I strongly suggest proper names be deleted.
- More proper names: Alexander, Agapitus, Amaryllis, Aphrodite, Agape Europe (an organization), Almondsbury (common on)
Apologies for my previous reply. Yes. This is important. I respect this rule. Otherwise I would be tempted to enter from this list [23] or this [24] or this [[25] (in Greek)]
- stoic is OK. But "I practise Attic rhetoric" --> Atticism not OK.
On atticism I had this in mind [26] (a witty or well-turned phrase)
Attica replaced with attic [27] (area immediately under roof).
- I would like Aphrodite--the proper name referring to the goddess--deleted and aphrodisiac and April included.)
- Question: Do you seriously propose that Almondsbury should be on the list? Or Almathea? See my criteria #, below.
Almondsbury already removed. For Amalthea I had in mind this [28] (Amalthe'a's Horn). However it was removed.
Agape Europe removed long ago.
- Examples of derivations:
- Eponyms: epicurean, euhemerism, stoic, platonic, sophist, alexandrine/alexandrite, aphrodisiac, hermaphrodite, thespian, sisyphean, herculean, priapic, callipygian, hermeneutic, hermetic, cyclops, rhea, eleutherian, tantalize, odyssey, olympic, calliope, thalian, aegis, titan, promethean, paean, peony, hyacinth, uranium, harpy, pygmy, hector, stentorian, sybil, oedipal, narcissism, rhesus, myrmidon, siren, philippic, draconian, procrustean, panic, solon, protean, pyrrhonism, icarian, gorgon, atlas, augean, chimera, mithridatism, nestor, mentor, sapphic, satyr, hydra, boreal, rhadamanthine, manichean, nemisis, pander, corybantic.
- Toponyms: spartan, laconic, lesbian, byzantine (or is this a Latin word?), delphic, attic, caryatid, cypress, cyprian, currant (from Corinth!), academy, python, tartarous, marathon, helot, malmsey, arcadian, parchment, colophon, abderian, stygian, lethal, sardonic, pierian, hadal, meander.
(byzantine: after Byzas. The term was introduced somewhere in the 17th century).
You have some interesting candidate entries here. Perhaps you could start adding them, and if you need any help, just call.--Odysses 19:32, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
Some further thoughts[edit]
This article is getting out of hand, and is in danger of becoming a list of English words with Greek origins. Such a list used to exist, but was quite rightly deleted, on the grounds that it was completely open-ended, and more the province of Wictionary than Wikipedia.
The article is supposed to be what the title says - a list of Greek words with English derivatives. Only just enough examples should be given to show how the Greek word is adapted in English. So for instance it's useful to show "air" as well as one or two "aero-" derivatives, but completely inappropriate to include words such as airbag, which are not derived from Greek, they're derived from an English word that in turn just happens to be derived from Greek. Similarly there cannot be any justification for including phrases such as "acoustic guitar" - it's the word "acoustic" that's derived from Greek, not the phrase. --rossb 18:40, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
Meanwhile I've deleted some entries that don't seem to be derived from Greek. And I'm dubious about some of the others, for instance anabaptizein according to Liddell and Scott means to sink (of a ship) - I suspect that anabaptist etc are relative modern constructions from the two Greek roots, rather from a Greek compound. --rossb 18:40, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
You were right about paragon, it's italian. There are plenty of lists that have survived AfD, lists are alternatives to categories (some things cannot be categorised and others cannot be listed). And yes, acoustic is a better example than acoustic guitar. I've listed organon, according to COD it's greek origin, and my Etymology dictionary relates it with the theme ᾽έργ- of ᾽έργω. +MATIA ☎ 19:46, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
Paragon in Greek means 1. a model of perfection 2. a perfect diamond of 100 carats. (parakonaw < para + akonh paragonite (Oruktologia - Mineralogy) < paragon.
If you can obtain the book Oi Ellinikies Lexeis Sthn Egglikh Glossa - The Greek Words in the Enlish Language by Aristidis E Konstantinidi Published in 1991, contains an extensive listing of Greek words in the English language, suffixes, prefixes etc., but even then I have found more than are listed but is an excellent reference. The book won the Academy of Athens Award in 1994. It also gives percentages of Greek words in the English language that are as high as 40-70%. of18.104.22.168 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 06:40, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
When in doubt ... delete[edit]
Look up in a dictionary, preferably a pocket edition, locate an entry of the List of Greek words with English derivatives that you can't find in your dictionary, then delete.
It's easy, simple and you get credits for showing intelligence and expertise. Furthermore, it frustrates those who spent hours of research to enter each valid entry.
For example:
Ross Burgess wrote:
- Deletic anorganos - no such word in Liddell and Scott, and inorganic is clearly formed with a Latin prefix)
- Yet, in Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon the entry ανόργανος exists:
- ανόργανος without instruments, Plu.Per.16; βίος [29]
- In Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon the entry ανόργανος also exists:
- ανόργανος [όργανον] without instruments, Plut. [30]
- Apologies - yes it is in Liddell and Scott. But it's still not valid here as it's clearly not the origin of the word "inorganic", which is derived from the word "organic" wwith a Latin-derived prefix.
- Apologies accepted. Thanks. Aνόργανος meaning without instruments was first used some 20 centuries ago, then in 19th century this term was re-invented back in the 19th century, meaning not organic; without the organs necessary for life, probably unaware of the existing Greek word. I do realize your point,
- There must be a better way to decide upon keeping/deleting entries.--Odysses 18:54, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
- Plutarch actually used the term anorganos some 19 cecturies ago.
- Deleting paragon (unknown origin))
- Yet, in Encarta® World English Dictionary
- paragon: [Mid-16th century. Via French < Italian paragone, originally "touchstone to test gold" < medieval Greek parakonan "compare," literally "sharpen against"] [31]
- Also, in Online Etymology Dictionary
- paragon: from Gk. parakonan "to sharpen, whet, [32]
- On this one I was following the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, which gives it as derived from Italian, etymoogy obscure. --rossb
If everyone follows the above examples the list will be reduced to 1-2 entries per letter, so it will be far more simple and easier to understand. --Odysses 11:18, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
Does any one of you use (an old version of) internet explorer to edit this article? +MATIA ☎ 19:01, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
- I use Internet Explorer Version 6: but why do you ask? --rossb 19:40, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
- I also use Internet Explorer Version 6:
- But I don't think it's a problem of Explorer. These are the two alternative ways to enter characters
- Directly from keyboard: α β γ δ ἁ ἂ , inputted as: α β γ δ ἁ ἂ
- Manually: α β γ δ ἁ ἂ inputted as: & #945; & #946; & #947; & #948; & #7937; & #7938;
- The easiest way is to use the Greek keyboard, as above. Hopefully, you all do.--Odysses 12:13, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
What's your source for deriving April from Aphrodite? The Oxford Latin Dictionary entry for Aprīlis gives the derivation as "Dubious, perhaps Etruscan". (I've got another, much older, dictionary that derives it from the verb aperiō, "I open") --rossb 18:01, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
- It was proposed by slava to replace Aphrodite with April. See external link 13 on this page.--Odysses 18:24, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
Proposed table of entries for deletion[edit]
I would like to suggest a table on which anyone could propose entries for deletion as follows.
It could look something like this (other ideas welcomed):
|Proposed entry for deletion
|Reasons against
|Reasons in favour
|antiaircraft, antiallergic, antianxiety, antiballistic missile
|Lots of superfluous anti- derivatives
I propose this sample list instead:
antibiotic, anticyclone, antidiabetic, antihero, antihistamine, antioxidant, antiseptic, antistatic--Odysses 10:01, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
|anti- derivatives were reduced to those of the proposed list on the left, as no objection was raised for well over a month --Odysses 18:28, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
|I think that anorganos is an-organ-os, and therefore redundant
|Deleted as no objection was raised for well over a month--Odysses 18:32, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
|aero-" derivatives
|it's useful to show "air" as well as one or two "aero-" derivatives, but all the compounds starting with "air" should be deleted
I propose this sample list instead:
aerodynamics, aerofoil, aeronautics, aerospace, aerobic, airplane, airship --Odysses 18:56, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
|Air is validly derived from the Greek word, but its componound are not: they're derived from "air" (the English word) itself
It seems to me that air- and aero- derivatives are equivalent, air- used in North American English and aero- used in Commonwealth English respectively. (see airplane or aeroplane and airfoil or aerofoil)--Odysses 18:56, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
|It's from Latin architectus not Greek
|I think it's Greek. See entry in LSI: [33]
Architect should probably stay (LSJ and COD). +MATIA ☎ 20:52, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
|architect remains
|From latin ager=tilted land, as seen by the connecting vowel i instead of o as in agronomics Andreas 15:51, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
From Latin ager (genitive agrī), earlier agros, property, field --Odysses 16:57, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
Although technically AGRIA, AGRO-; AGROSTOLOGY, ONAGER, STAVESACRE, is derived from Greek agros, field, and agrios, wild. and AGRARIAN; AGRICULTURE, PEREGRINE, PILGRIM, from Latin ager (genitive agrī), earlier *agros, district, property, field. [34] I cannot help noticing that the earlier form of ager is agros, [35] indicating either Greek origin or common origin.--Odysses 10:09, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
|deleted --Odysses 16:41, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
|From Latin, from the Latin verb angere --rossb 16:11, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
Both "angina" and "anxious" are from the Latin verb angere which in turn is derived from ankhō (άγχω = strangle, throttle, choke) or ankhone (αγχόνη = a strangling). See entry in Encarta, and the online etymology dictionary --Odysses (☜) 17:52, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
Ango is cognate with άγχω, but is certainly not derived from it. Both are thought to come from the same IE root (and are quoted for instance in L R Palmer, The Latin Language as an example of words in the two languages derived from a common root although not shared with other IE languages). So "anxious" certainly ought to be struck out as it has nothing to do with Greek. Angina is a more interesting case, as it is apparently derived from the greek noun αγχόνη, but remodelled in imitation of Latin. --rossb 22:02, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
They both come from the IE root angh- which is well described here. So, as you proposed anxious should be removed, or perhaps replaced by quinsy (from ankhein, to squeeze, embrace). --Odysses (☜) 18:13, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
|from Latin arcus, a bow or arch
|as a part of the body, Germanic (cognate with the Greek word but not derived from it, hence no h; as a weapon, from Latin arma --rossb 15:22, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
If after a period of i.e. one week or one month (you name it) no strong arguments are raised, then the item could be deleted.
Would this be any practical?--Odysses 19:53, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
Architect should probably stay (LSJ and COD). +MATIA ☎ 20:52, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
- Thanks, I have taken the liberty to copy it in the table. Hope it's okay.--Odysses 09:14, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
2007-02-7 Automated pywikipediabot message[edit]
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Word linking[edit]
There are lots of links on this page (77) that link to disambiguation pages, which is not ideal. Can someone explain to me the point of linking words to encyclopedic topics that are likely only to describe one of many uses of the word? Surely a better target for the link is wiktionary? Rich257 19:25, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
I heartily agree and repeat the question. The history reveals that there is much linking and delinking going on as those of us who are trying to clean up links to disambiguation pages keep finding ourselves here, and others keep replacing the links for reasons such as "better a link to a disambiguation page than none at all." Really? Why? If no article exists about the general meaning of the word, then the links are not helpful. Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Isn't it possible to link them to wiktionary instead? SlackerMom 16:37, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
- Apostle (disambiguation), which was unlinked, does give the general meaning of the word, which I thought was a reasonable reason to relink it. If people feel a wiktionary link is better (sometimes the wiktionary entries have a low quality) they should relink to there rather than just unlink a useful link. Also, picking a random replacement (like Categorization for Category), or, as happened, instead of sending the reader directly to Category, directing them to Category (disambiguation), which is merely a redirect page to Category, are not improvements. --Lambiam 19:56, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
- Thank you, and I agree. I have changed the apostle link to a wiktionary link, after insuring that the wiktionary page was of sufficient quality to be helpful. SlackerMom 20:17, 16 August 2007 (UTC)
|- |κουρά||kurā||κουρα-||kurā-||healing treatment||
- This word is from Modern Greek κούρα ultimately from Latin cura, and it has no place in the article. --Omnipaedista (talk) 13:43, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
(Mis)use of final sigmas?[edit]
I noticed several words toward the end of this article that have final sigma where I would think an initial/medial sigma would be called for. (See χάςμα, χρηςτός, χρυςός, -ωςις.) Before I correct them, is there any stylistic or linguistic reason for doing this, or are they just typos? Revjmyoung (talk) 17:28, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
Misuse of ζ's & ς's & ο's & ε's & ν's[edit]
Many ζ's & ς's & ο's & ε's & ν's in the text should be ξ's & σ's & ω's & η's & γ's. Moreover many circumflexes should be acutes and vice versa, and there are some words that lack spiritus. The cases of misuse are so many and so obvious (even for someone with basic knowledge of Ancient and/or Modern Greek), that I won't even go into the trouble of editing the article or making a list of the blatant mistakes. --Omnipaedista (talk) 13:43, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
- Well.. I eventually did go into the trouble. Now the article is quite trustworthy. --Omnipaedista (talk) 14:56, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
homo- or iso-?[edit]
ISO (disambiguation) page says the following: iso- is a prefix from the Greek isos, meaning "equal." It is used primarily in scientific and technical terms, such as isometric, isotonic, and isonomic I assume isolated as well. But here it says "homo-" means equal. I suppose two can mean the same thing, but Iso- isn't listed here. Furthermore, words that mean things like "exist" or "nothingness" aren't here, and I assume they would exist, at least, there shouldn't be nothing when it comes to them :-P 126.96.36.199 (talk) 12:27, 27 October 2009 (UTC)
- 1) Isolated is from Latin insulatus, of course. 2) As for homo-, it does not mean "equal" as it was previously stated in the article, but "same" (or, if it has the form homoeo-, "alike, similar"). 3) The closest English-from-Greek prefixes, meaning "existing" and "non-existing", are onto- (Ontology, study of the being) and meonto- (Meontology, study of the non-being), respectively; though, you can hardly find them being used outside the philosophical literature. --Omnipaedista (talk) 14:56, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
Homeo: (Gk means - similar, alike; hoemeochromatic, homechronous, homeokinisis/homoeokinesis, homeologue/homoeologue, homeologous/homoeologous, homeology, homeomerous, homeomery, homeomorphic/homeomorphous, homeomorphism, homeopath/homeopathist, homeopathic, - homeopathy, homeoplasia/homeoplasty, homeoplastic, homeosis/homoeosis, homeotic/homoeotic, homeostasis/homoeostasis, homeostat/homoeostat, homeostatic, homeoteleuton, homeoteleutic, homeotherapy, homeothermal, homeothermia, homeotype, homeotypic.
Homo: (Gk means - same; homobaric, homoblastic, homobrachial, homocategoric, homocentric, homocentrically, homocercal, homochondric, homochromatic/homochromous, homochromy, homocyclic, homodont, homodonta, homodromus, homodromy, homodynamic, homoean/homoian, homoecious, homoeomorphous, homoeomorphism, homoeoteleutic, homoeozoic, homoerotic, homoerotisism/homoeroticism, homogamous, homogamy, homogen, homogeneity, homogeneous, homogeneousness, homogenization, homogenize, homogenous, homogeny, homogenesis, homogenetic, homogonous, homograph, homographic, homography, homohedral, homoheteromixis, homoiogenetic, homoiomeria, homoiomeria, homoiothermy, hoimoiothermal, homoiothermic, homoiousian, homolecithal, homolysis, homomixis, homomorphous, homomorphic, homomorphism, homonym,homonymic - homonymous - homonymously - homonymy, homoousian, homopetalous, homophile, homophobia, homophone - homophonic - homophonous - homophony, homophyly, homoplasmy - homoplastic - homoplastically, homopolar, homoptera, homosomal, homosynapsis, homosyndesis, homotaxis, homothallic, homotonous - homotonously - homotony, homotopy, homotropal, homotropous, homotype - homotypal - homotypic, homozygosis - homogygote - homozygous. 126.96.36.199 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 07:50, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
There is no word φάγω in Greek. There is a word ἒφαγον, which means I ate, and is the aorist form (third principal part) of the verb ἐσθίω, which means I eat. The derivatives listed under φάγω actually come from ἔφαγον. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hspstudent (talk • contribs) 17:12, 10 January 2010 (UTC)
I'd like to add ergative to the list of words derived from ἔργον. The Online Etymology Dictionary confirms the derivation. --N-k (talk) 14:24, 5 January 2013 (UTC)
erg: Other Greek derivatives include - ergon, ergasia, ergasiatrics, egasiatry, ergasiology, ergasiomania, ergasiophobia, ergasthenia, ergastoplasm, ergatandromorph, erataner, ergate, ergatocracy, ergatogyne, ergatomorph, ergogeny, ergogenic, ergograph, ergomania, ergomaniac, ergometer, ergometric, ergonomics, ergonomic, ergonomically, ergonomist, ergophobia, ergophobe, ergophore, ergostat, ergosterol, ergotherapy.22.214.171.124 (talk) 06:55, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία[edit]
This list normally uses the original Ancient Greek words as a source. The ancient Greek word/phrase for "encyclopedia" is "ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία". The word "ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία" is a later type i.e. a typographical ligature of this word (see LSJ: ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία is f. l. i.e. typographical ligature for ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία). Eγκυκλοπαίδεια is also the modern Greek version.
See the etymology in various dictionaries, as for example:
- The American Heritage Dictionary derives the word "encyclopedia" from Medieval Latin encyclopaedia course of general education, from Greek enkyklios + paideia. The Greek phrase is enkuklios paideia. Copyists of Latin manuscripts took this phrase to be a single Greek word, enkuklopaedia, with the same meaning, and this spurious Greek word became the New Latin (i.e. between c. 1500 and c. 1900.) word encyclopaedia,
- The Merriam Webster derives the word "encyclopedia" from Medieval Latin encyclopaedia, general education course, from alteration of Greek enkuklios paideia, general education.
From the above reference, it appears that Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία is the correct Ancient Greek word that should be used in this list Odysses (₪) 01:31, 25 June 2013 (UTC)
- (1) Are you sure you know what a typographical ligature is? Your comment ("a typographical ligature of this word") makes no sense. (2) Your original version ("It was reduced to a single word due to an error. Copyists of Latin manuscripts took this phrase to be a single Greek word") was closer to what other sources say; Greek-language.gr states that Neolatin encyclopaedia is an erroneous version (found in Latin manuscripts) of the the Koine Greek ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία. (3) As I wrote in my edit summary, this article is not the place to add detailed remarks. We could make an exception for this particular word, but the comment to be inserted must be carefully edited. --Omnipaedista (talk) 08:22, 26 June 2013 (UTC)
- Do I know what typographical ligature is? I presume f.l. as indicated in LSJ entry stands for typographical ligature, where two or more letters and, in this case words are joined as a single one (ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία -> ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία).
- Anyway, it's a good idea to to keep Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία in this list, and it's okay with me if you edit/add the appropriate comment. Thanks. Odysses (₪) 19:17, 26 June 2013 (UTC)
- There is no such thing as 'ligature between words'. f.l. stands for falsa lectio ("erroneous reading"). I am quoting LSJ: "ἔθος ... (but prob. f.l. for ἦθος)"; "goros ... (Perh. f.l. for guros.)"; "ruxas, of the sea, is perh. f.l. for broxas"; "eutonos is perh. f.l. for entonon", etc. --Omnipaedista (talk) 06:15, 28 June 2013 (UTC)
(outdent) In the Encyclopedia article you claim that Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία "was reduced to a single word" due to an error by rinascimental (i.e. Renaissance) copyists of Latin manuscripts". In this article you claim that "the term [ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία] existed already in the late Ancient period". The difference between late Ancient period and rinascimental (Renaissance) is some ten (10) centuries !!!. Could you make up your mind or does this perhaps, depends upon the "edited"article? --Odysses (○) 04:35, 9 November 2013 (UTC)
- Your initial version [36] cited no sources. The source I consulted first (Etymonline) said that encyclopaedia is a Modern Latin word created by Renaissance scholars in the early 16th century (this is what Greek-language.gr claims as well). So, yes, I shouldn't have used the term Renaissance copyist back then (there existed Renaissance copyists, but apparently they have nothing to do with the creation of this word). Then you provided another source (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language; also here) according to which ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία enkuklopaidia (the Greek word which is the source of the Modern Latin word) is due to an error of Latin copyists; the entry doesn't explicitly say Medieval copyists, but admittedly this is what the author of this entry means. However, it is obvious that The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language and the Merriam Webster (which say that the Latin word dates from the Middle Ages) are in contradiction with the other two sources (which say that the Latin word dates from the Renaissance). We will have to consult more authoritative sources to sort this out (that is, the first of appearance of encyclopaedia in Modern Latin; it is more likely though that its first appearance was in Aventinus (1517)). So to sum it up, your latest edit is fine. But your penultimate edit ([37]) contained an elementary mistake (you took "falsa lectio" to mean "typographical ligature").
- Now that we sorted this out I will fix the main article (Encyclopedia) as well. --Omnipaedista (talk) 12:32, 9 November 2013 (UTC)
What is meant by a "derivative"?[edit]
This article seems to include several different kinds of derivations (cf. English words of Greek origin):
- words and morphemes borrowed directly into the modern European languages from Greek -- typically as learned coinages, like agoraphobia (which was originally coined in German) and cinematograph (coined in French)
- words which were borrowed via Latin and French -- like baptism, which was borrowed via Latin baptismus and French bapteme", and then re-written in the 16th century as "baptism"
- words which were borrowed from Latin, e.g. anchor, where the Latin ancora may be a cognate of, or borrowed from, Greek ankyra
These are words whose English form is very similar to the Greek form. But the article mostly does not cover words which look different in English than in Greek because of their history. In a quick scan, the only one I saw in this category is bishop, but many other words in this category are missing: church, blame (same root as blasphemy), "place", "olive" (but vaseline is included!) , butter (in this case, the learned form butyro- is also missing), etc. I would add them, but I'm not sure if the omission is intentional.... What exactly is the definition of a "derivative" in this article? --Macrakis (talk) 20:13, 7 December 2013 (UTC)
Which root to cite?[edit]
Some entries are under the root verb (ion < ἰέναι, not ἰόν; antithesis < ἀντιτιθέναι, not θέσις or ἀντίθεσις), others from the derived noun (thesis < θέσις, not τιθέναι),. Perhaps we should be more consistent? --Macrakis (talk) 20:13, 7 December 2013 (UTC)


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