text: HEALTH BRAC Research Report November 2006 Exploring the Current Status of Sanitary Latrine use in Shibpur Upazila, Narsingdi District Nuzhat Choudhury Mohammad Awlad Hossain BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Tel: 9881265, 8824180-7 (PABX), Fax: 88-02-8823542 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Web: www.brac.net\research Exploring the Current Status of Sanitary Latrine use in Shibpur Upazila, Narsingdi District Nuzhat Choudhury Mohammad Awlad Hossain November 2006 Research and Evaluation Division BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh E-mail: email@example.com, Web: www.brac.net\research Telephone: 880-2-9881265, 8824180-87 For more details please contact: email@example.com INTRODUCTION Access to safe water and sanitation facilities remains a formidable challenge in developing countries. Many communicable diseases may occur due to low access of safe drinking water and poor sanitary practices. It is known that in Bangladesh about 48% of the populations has access to improved sanitation (1). The total sanitation approach recognizes that sanitation is both a public and a private element, and that individual's hygiene behavior can affect the whole community- if someone's neighbors defecate in open air, then another child in same community becomes a risk victim of (or susceptible to) excreta-related disease even when the members of that child's household use a sanitary toilet, wash their hands, and practice good hygiene. In this sense "total sanitation" refers to a community-wide ban on open defecation, and requires everyone in the community either owns or has access to a sanitary latrine only. The main advantages of the total sanitation approach over conventional ones is that it is a community-wide approach, which involves even the poorest and the most vulnerable households in the community, and ensures that both the community and the local government focus on assisting these households in accessing to adequate sanitation facilities. The 100% Sanitation Program: The relationship between sanitation promoters and rural households or communities is a key aspect of success of any sanitation programs. In Bangladesh, this social intermediation role is performed largely by local NGOs with experience in community development. The use of local NGOs for social intermediation has several advantages: it bridges the gap between rural communities and program staff, and providing large sanitation programs with important local knowledge and credibility. Installing sanitary latrine and remove of hanging latrine within a limited time, BRAC already has achieved a series of success (2). As part of this success, BRAC committed to achieve 100% sanitation coverage in the Shibpur upazila of Narsingdi district in 2003. The objective of the program was to ensure 100% sanitation coverage with involvement of the community people. To achieve this, some responsibilities were specified: mobilization, coordination within government, to ensure the buying of sanitary materials by the community, involvement of educational institutions, religious or elite persons and proper monitoring after installation of the latrine. The followings activities were undertaken by of BRAC Health Program: 1. Coordination with MoLGRD, local Govt and community: BRAC Health Program, Ministry of LGRD and all other local government worked in a coordinated way 2. Formation of Task force committee: The key success of any community based approach is the involvement of the community members themselves in all aspects of planning, implementation and monitoring. The task Force committee is a combination of community group and implementing group that takes the lead. 3. Meeting with community: As the community is encouraged to find collective responses to problems and help each other, meetings with groups of members of the community are important. Meetings are also held with the elite to engage their support and encourage their involvement. 4. Construction and installation of hardware: BRAC Health Program sets construction and sales centre, with local community people. Community people had an opportunity to buying ring slabs one or two, and also pit with water seal. These hardware satisfied the 1 criteria for being hygienic i.e. preventing contamination of other things by faeces, free from odor and flies. Baseline information: The program initially did a baseline survey where they found that only 47% households had access to any type of latrine. For each Upazila, two health volunteers were assigned apart from other activities such as formation of task force committee, conducting meeting, workshop, popular theatre, household visit etc. The study: On request of BRAC health programme, BRAC's Research and Evaluation division (RED) undertook this study to evaluate the statistics of total sanitation in Shibpur upazila. The general objective of the study was to assess the combined effects of sanitation programme initiated by BRAC Health Program in changing people's knowledge, attitude and practices on safe water and sanitation. The specific objectives were to: • study the source of water used for various purposes by the household. • assess peoples' awareness and attitudes on sanitation. • study the level of practice of using sanitary latrine in the study area. • study the factors preventing the achievement of total sanitation. • understand the efforts and initiatives taken to tackle the problems of achieving total sanitation. • assess the source of sanitary materials. METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA The study was conducted in Shibpur upazila under Narshingdi district. For quantitative study nine study villages were drawn randomly from 9 unions. The qualitative study focused on two villages (Soforia and Paharfuldi) from two unions (Baghabo and Jessore) selected purposively to cover the geographical variation. Soforia was a plain land and close to upazila sadar (about 1.5 km) while Paharfuldi was comparatively high land and a far away from upazila sadar (about 16 km). SAMPLING PROCEDURE The study covered the randomly selected households. The ultimate sample units were the households and individuals. Particular importance was given to the members of the village organizations of BRAC or other NGO VOs (Village organization), the subsidy group and non- poor-non VO households. The programme areas' households can be classified into 3 groups by economic status as follows: Households (n=360) i. Poor VO (BRAC VO; n=90, Other NGO VO; n=90) ii. Non poor VO (n=90) iii. Subsidy (n=90) 2 STUDY POPULATIONS AND SAMPLE SIZE For quantitative survey from each economic category 10 households was taken from each randomly selected villages, thus 40 households were drawn from each village. As a total sample size was 360. Respondents were the wives/mothers of the household head. The qualitative study was conducted to explore in-depth understanding in different aspects of sanitation with different groups of people in the study area. Data were collected from two types of respondents. They included actor level people who were actively involved in designing and implementing the sanitation programme in the study area and the household level people. Implementer level included UNO, chairman-member of union parishad, ring slab producer, DPHE officials, community leaders (e.g. teacher, village doctor), BRAC programme personnel and Gram Police (VDP). Houhsehold level people included members of BRAC VO, other NGO's VO, non poor non VO, subsidy group and students. Each group of respondents was divided into two separate groups: male and female. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS The trained interviewers visited the selected households and conducted face-to-face interviews with the randomly selected households using a structured questionnaire to conduct the survey. Three research tools were used to collect qualitative data, namely in-depth interview, informal group discussion and village mapping. The in-depth interviews were used for actor level people while informal group discussion and village mapping were used for the household level people. In-depth interview In-depth interviews were conducted with the implementer level people. A total of 16 in-depth interviews were carried out to understand the nature of obstacles and strategy to overcome these problems during implementation of the prorramme. In-depth interviews also applied to validate the data obtained from the community level people on practice of sanitation, perceived benefits and evaluation of the programme. The Programme personnel introduced the researchers and initiated informal discussions to establish rapport with the interviewed persons. The study purposes were explained before the interview started. One researcher asked questions on the basis of guideline, and the other was engaged to take the notes. Some interviews were rescheduled as the interviewees were busy with other jobs at the scheduled time. The interviews lasted from one to one and a half hours. The note taker transcribed the notes within same day of the interview. Informal Group Discussion A total of 14 informal group discussions were carried out with five different groups of people, mentioned in the above section. The purpose was to examine knowledge and practice of sanitation, consequences of unsafe latrine, barriers and opportunities of sanitation, getting sanitary materials, managing of latrine, perceived benefits of sanitary latrine and evaluation of the programme. The informal group discussions were carried out at the suitably scheduled sites in study participants' home. About 6-8 participants were participated in each session. In one instance, two participants were reluctant to continue the session due to household chores. One moderator conducted the session following a checklist and one note taker took the note of the discussions. Each session lasted one to one and a half hours. The note taker transcribed the notes the same day. Sanitation Mapping Two sanitation mapping were arranged mainly to examine the effects of the sanitation programme regarding installation of sanitary latrine of two studied villages after the 3 programme commenced. Moreover, mapping was done to explore the access of sanitary latrine and the ownership of the latrine by the households, the way to collect sanitary materials and comparison between present and previous situation of sanitation in the villages. Mapping was organized at the centre place of the respective villages. Different groups of people from every corner of the villages were invited to participate in the discussions with the help of programme implementers. The sessions were pre-contracted where the participants were contacted the previous day of the sessions. About 15-20 community people participated in each session. Initially, the mapping was done by the villagers on a big plain sheet followed by transcribing it in a small sheet by the researchers. The researchers also took note related to the discussions. Each session lasted three hours where some participants were reluctant to continue and were dropped out from the session. DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS Under the close supervision of the researchers, all the questionnaires containing quantitative data including household survey were manually checked and edited for completeness and consistency, and then were coded for computer entry (In SPSSWIN version 11.0). The computer outputs were checked for errors, and thus all the data sets were cleaned before analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed manually using content analysis techniques. Initially, all the transcriptions were verified for accuracy and consistency. Following this, data were thematically coded according to the research objectives. Finally they were compiled and summarized. In addition, the narratives of the respondents were presented under each theme. DEFINING THE TERMS The terminology used in the following discussion differentiates between the several types of sanitary latrines. Own When household own latrine of any type. Shared/access to latrine When the household do not own any type of latrine but they have access to shared latrine. No access: When household neither own the latrine nor have any access to use shared latrine of any type. Fixed place, not hygienic latrine When household will be able to use latrine with pit, ring slab without water seal and or open hole. Fixed place, hygienic latrine When household will be able to use latrine which is sanitary latrine, or ring slab with water seal latrine. 4 RESULTS HOUSEHOLD AND RESPONDENTS PROFILE The quantitative study covered 360 households. All the respondents were females; most of them were housewives (77%). The average family size of the study households was 5.57 ± 2.26. More than half of the households (51.4%) had under-5 children. Self-rating annual household income/expenditure status during the last one year differed from group to group; subsidy group showing the worst profile. On average 70% of households reported break-even income/expenditure, and about one-fifth reported to have had surplus. More than half of the households (59%) had only 1-10 decimal homestead land, with the higher averages among the subsidy group (84%) and lower in the Non VO group (26%). More than 47% of respondents did not get any formal education, while 25% only primary and 24% secondary education. A very few (3%) got higher secondary education. Mean age of the respondent was 36.16 ± 10.37 years (Table A1). USE OF SAFE WATER FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES Most of the households (99.7%) irrespective of any group use tube-well water. The use of water for different domestic and personal activities was also tube-well. No changes found in using tube-well water for seasonal variation. Only 88.6% households tested whether the tube- well was tested for arsenic. Among them, 4% still using arsenic contaminated water. KNOWLEDGE ON SANITATION Define the sanitary latrine Informal group discussions revealed some different terms of the "sanitary latrine" locally used by different groups of people. Chaka paikhana, laftine (latrine), pakka paikhana and nirapod paikhana were commonly used to describe sanitary latrine in the community. A wide range of features of sanitary latrine came out from their responses. Concrete rings/slab on a deep hole was commonly mentioned as prime feature of a sanitary latrine. They emphasized on chaka (ring) rather than hole to make a sanitary latrine. A VO member of BRAC said: "The main thing to be considered to make a sanitary latrine is chaka. First, you need to collect chaka (rings). Then you should dig a hole and these chaka should be placed up on this hole. A latrine (sanitary) can't be made without chaka." Some of the respondents of all groups emphasized on 'deep hole' rather than chaka. A woman of NGOs VO of Paharfuldi village said: "You can't make a sanitary latrine if you don't dig a deeper hole. To make a sanitary latrine, deep hole is the precondition." The respondents also portrayed the sanitary latrine as some of the respondents stated in the following: "The latrine whose faecees directly go in to hole, bad smell can't be spread out from the latrine is called sanitary latrine." (A man of solvent household). 5 "You can't consider a latrine as sanitary latrine when it doesn't have enclosure with paper, bamboo, corrugated iron-sheet or whatever it is. Sanitary latrine should have a roof too." (A man of BRAC VO household) "The latrines that have separate tank to deposit faeces are called sanitary latrine." (An old man of solvent group said) Clean and nice looking latrine also mentioned as sanitary latrine along with prior features by some of the respondents of the studied villages. Perception of consequences of unsafe practice The respondents from all groups realized the need of use of a sanitary latrine when they were asked during informal discussion. They opined that every household should have sanitary latrine and should use these latrines. It revealed from their statements that some problems might be taken place if the households of a community don't have practice on safe defecation. Respondents mentioned some consequences of open defecation that might make some problems in the community. Prevalence of diseases due to open defecation was commonly mentioned during discussions with the respondents. They pointed out that if open defecation was not banned in a community then diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery, worm infection, cholera, jaundice and some other skin diseases would be widespread. A man of Paharfuldi village said, "Suppose I have chaka latrine (sanitary latrine) but my neighbours don't have latrine. If they defecate in open place then flies and mosquitoes will sit on the faeces. As these insects move from one place to another, they might come to my house. Thus we may have dirrheoa, dysentery and worm infection." Also in household survey it was found that consequences of using unsafe latrine were diarrhea/dysentery (99.1%) by the respondents. The respondents also drew out some environmental and social problems that were emerged from open defecation or unsafe practice. Almost all the respondents said that unsafe practice particularly open defecation in the field, bushes, road, or riverside make some environmental problems. Air pollution, foul smell and unclean places were resulted from open defecation. They also linked diseases and environmental problems due to open defecation. One of the woman respondents of Soforia village shared, "Defecation in open places makes air pollution. Foul smell is mixed in the air. Many diseases are originated from this polluted air." A woman from subsidy household also said "Defecation in open places and bushes makes many problems. Faces are found everywhere. It is difficult to walk in the field, bushes and even in the road." Most of the members of solvent households and some VO members shared that usage of sanitary latrine was a phenomena of social status. When members of a household who didn't have sanitary latrine but went to neighbours' latrine or defecate in the open place are considered less prestigious in the community. The respondents opined that they feel embarrassed when their guests visit their home and have to go to neigbours latrine for defecation. A man in paharfuldi village shared, "I haven't latrine yet. I use my cousins' latrine when needed. But when any guest visits my home, then I feel shy to let him/her to use my cousins' latrine. I think if you don't have a latrine, your social status will be deteriorated." 6 Information on safe latrine Most of the respondents (94%) knew about the use of soap/ash after defecation, 74% using the sandal while going into latrine. A very few knew about that use of this latrine is applicable for all other family members (Table 1). The qualitative study also revealed that students were most knowledgeable among all other groups of the respondents. They cited almost all hygiene messages during informal discussions with them. It is also worth mentioning that women found more aware of these messages compared to men. Table 1. Respondent's correct concept on sanitation (%) Indicators Respondents Total Subsidy BRAC Other NGO Non VO (n=340) group VO VO (n= 85) (n= 82) (n= 86) (n= 87) Use soap/ash after defecation 97.6 95.3 93.1 91.8 94.4 Using sandal 75.6 84.9 67.8 68.2 74.1 Time to time cleanliness 41.5 40.7 37.9 49.4 42.0 Hold pot with right hand 25.6 57.0 19.5 23.5 31.5 All member will use latrine 3.7 8.1 6.9 10.6 7.4 * Multiple responses considered The study households got the sanitary latrine related information from different array of sources. Most cited name was BRAC (62%), highest in BRAC VO (92%) and lowest in Non VO respondents group (38%). Next to BRAC, mass media was also another good source for getting the sanitary latrine related information. Although less in frequency, other sources specified were: popular theatre, other NGOs and neighbor or elite of the respected villages (Table 2). Table 2. Households by source of obtaining information on sanitation and respondents (%) Sources Respondents Total Ultra poor BRAC VO Other NGO VO Non VO (n=347) (n= 89) (n= 85) (n= 86) (n= 87) BRAC 68.5 91.8 51.2 37.9 62.2 Mass media 28.1 41.2 46.5 69.0 46.1 Popular theatre 16.9 10.6 9.3 28.7 16.4 Other NGOs 11.2 4.7 36.0 2.3 13.5 Neighbor/elite people 13.5 9.4 5.8 17.2 11.5 * Multiple responses considered Pre-existing sanitation practices This study retrospectively examined the sanitation situation of two different villages prior to commencing of total sanitation programme using village mapping. The data shows that access to sanitary latrine among the households of two selected villages was about 49% (Table A2) before the sanitation programme initiated. It was also seen that access to sanitary latrine differed between the two villages. Before sanitation intervention only about 35% households of Paharfuldi village had access to sanitary latrine while 62% household of Soforia village had access to sanitary latrine. It was also revealed from the discussions with different group of people that the households who were economically solvent, service holders and educated possessed most of the sanitary latrine before sanitation intervention. Almost all groups of respondents opined that people were mostly habituated to open defecation rather than fixed place defecation before the sanitation scheme initiated in their area. Lack of money, habit and 7 ignorance were believed to be the main barriers that stopped hygienic practices of people in the villages. PRESENT SITUATION Level of access to sanitary latrine It is observed from survey data that near about 85% Figure 1. Households by owned households owned the latrine of any type, 13% households the latrine (%) do not own but they had access and 2% still do not have any No access access (Fig 1). Altogether 98% households had access to 2% latrine of any type. It was observed from the village mapping of two studied villages that a significant number of sanitary latrines (30% of total latrine) were installed in both villages Shared after the intervention. It was also observed that households 13% of Paharfuldi village set up more latrine than that of Soforia village (38.32% and 20.34% respectively) during the Own 85% intervention. As a result, the access to sanitary latrine was increased to 99 % in 2006 from 49 % in 2003. In contrast, 21% of the households of the villages still did not own sanitary latrine but had access to neighbours' latrine. Place of defecation Table 3 shows 46% of under-5 children of respondents in the study households reported to have defecated not in a fixed place; high in subsidy group (59%) and lowest in Non VO group (32%). However, fixed place defecation whether it was hygienic or not was about 53%. Table 3. Households by place of defecation for children (<5 years) and respondents (%) Indicators Respondents Total Subsidy group BRAC VO Other NGO VO Non VO (n=182) (n=41) (n=46) (n=57) (n=38) Anywhere 58.5 41.3 50.9 31.6 46.2 Fixed place, not hygienic 26.8 17.4 28.1 5.3 20.3 Fixed place, hygienic 14.6 41.3 21.1 63.2 33.5 Table 4 indicates that adult members of 3.6% have defecated in open place, highest in BRAC and other NGOs respondents and (4.4%) and lowest in subsidy group (2.2%). About 46% adult have defecated in a fixed place, without water seal, means not hygienic and 50% were using sanitary or with water seal latrine, highest in Non VO (72%) and lowest in other NGOs respondents (40%). Table 4. Households by place of defecation for adult household member and respondents (%) Indicators Respondents Total Subsidy group BRAC VO Other NGO VO Non VO (n=360) (n=90) (n=90) (n=90) (n=90) Anywhere 2.2 4.4 4.4 3.3 3.6 Fixed place, not 56.7 47.8 56.7 24.4 46.4 hygienic Fixed place, hygienic 41.1 47.8 38.9 72.2 50.0 8 Reasons for not using latrine Adult: Many respondents opined that though the access of sanitary latrine by households was increased after the programme started, still some members of the households were not habituated to defecate in the latrine. In fact, they defecated in the open places. Thus, habit was believed to be prime factor that affected safe sanitation. "We have been defecating in open places over the decades. We acquired this habit from our antecedents (bap dada). It has been transforming from generation to generation (bangso porosporay). We haven't yet given up this habit. I think it will take more time to be habituated with the latrine use." (A man of Soforia village). It was observed that men had the tendency to defecate in the open places. Those men who worked in the field defecated there. They were reluctant to come back home for defecation in the latrine. It was also revealed from the discussions that some people were still unaware about safe sanitation. They were not provided adequate messages regarding safe sanitation. The respondents also disclosed that even some members of solvent families were not aware in this regard. They did not know the consequences of unsafe defecation. Respondents also suggested that they should be provided more awareness regarding sanitation through individual contact. "They (BRAC) only arranged meeting with us (women). But they don't sit with male members (purus manus) of our family. They (male) don't want to hear us. So, some meetings should be arranged with them." (A member of BRAC VO) "I think, announcing through mike and meetings are not enough to make people aware on latrine use. We should find out those people who defecate in the open place. Then he/she should be given awareness. Thus, the open place defecation must be stopped. Otherwise, it will be continued." (A community leader of Soforia village) It was observed that the people who didn't own latrine but had access to neighbours' latrine could not frequently use them. Here are some quotes: "We don't have latrine. We used to go to my cousins' (jathato bhai) latrine. Recently, he has informed me that he will not permit us to use his latrine for the future. He said that latrine was going to be filled with faeces very fast with the use of many people. Rather, he asked me to install a latrine in my home. Since then, we have minimized the use of his latrine. We still go to bushes for defecation at night." (A man of Soforia village). "We can't use their (neighbour) latrine all the time. Sometimes we have to return home without defecation when we see someone using the latrine. In that case, we have to wait until night to defecate in the bushes." (A woman of Paharfuldi village). "We had been using his latrine (husband's elder brother) for a long time. One month ago, there was a dispute among us. For this, we are not going to their latrine any more. Rather, we are going to anywhere." (A woman of Soforia village). Children: Informal group discussions with different groups of people show that children feared to go to latrine for defecation rather than they felt comfortable to defecate in open places. The respondents also shared that the latrines were not friendly for the children to defecate there. The children used to cry when they were asked to go to the latrine for defecation. Moreover, most of the children aged fewer than five defecated at courtyard or 9 homestead. The respondents also shared that they generally threw the faeces to the bushes or open places. Few of them shared that they dropped it to the latrine. Mothers' ignorance regarding consequences of unhygienic practices was considered another drawback that could avert children to defecate in the latrine. The respondents opined that mothers were predominantly responsible for the children's defecation. They should take care of their children. According to them, mothers did not possess adequate knowledge on safe sanitation. "Most of the mothers in our village are illiterate. They are not aware on sanitation. They don't know the bad effects of open defecation." (A woman of Paharfuldi village). Moreover, children's faeces were considered as less impure in the society. As a result, children's place of defecation was not given emphasized. The respondents also disclosed that mothers had to be busy with many domestic jobs. They could not give attention on children where they defecated. Difference between knowledge and practice Though a very good knowledge found Figure 2. Knowledge and practice in using of among the respondents on using soap soap/ash by respondents (%) (95%), but presence of soap/ash near by Knowledge Practce latrine was only 38%, if we consider the presence of soap/ash is the indicator of 97.6 95.3 93.1 94.7 using soap/ash (Fig 2). The qualitative 91.8 study investigated the reasons for not using soap/ash after defecation. Almost 63.6 all respondents disclosed that they were not habituated of using soap/ash. It was 37.9 31.4 30.2 common that soap is not always 26.1 affordable to buy, they feel uncomfortable to use soap while they use their neighbor's latrine, most Subsidy BRAC VO Other Non VO Total interestingly they commented that group NGO VO birds/crow sometimes take it away if they keep beside tubewell. Different types of latrine Fig 3 shows that in terms of Figure 3. Access to sanitary latrine of different type by access to any type of latrine, respondents (%) about 98% households had access, but only 50% of this are 100 96.7 96.7 97.8 97.7 using hygienic latrine, highest in Non-Vo group (72%) and lowest 72.2 Acces in other NGO Vo (39%). Here, hygienic latrine means those who Water-seal 47.8 50 are using sanitary latrine or with 41.1 42 Properly 38.9 water seal ring slab latrine. However, only 17% of the 17.2 11.6 9.3 respondents are using well- 5.7 maintained hygienic latrine, highest in Non-Vo (42%) and Subsid BRAC Other Non Total lowest in subsidy group (6%). group VO 10 Source of sanitary latrine materials Figure 4 shows that most of the households set up the latrine after receiving the sanitary materials from local government (61%) followed by BRAC (21%). It was observed that only 15% of total latrine was installed by the households during the intervention. Also, an insignificant number of latrines (3%) were made with the support of both BRAC and local government. Informal group Fig 4. Source of ring slab in villages after discussions with different groups of Figure4. Source of ring slab in 22villages after respondent revealed that poor and intervention (%) intervention (%) extreme poor households were mainly provided sanitary materials free of Government cost by union parishad and BRAC. 3% BRAC Firstly the providers made a list of the 15% households who didn't have sanitary Self latrine and needed the subsidy for Overlapping making the latrine. Then they 21% distributed "coupon" to the households 61% and asked them to collect the materials from selected sanitary mart centres closed to their villages. It was also found that household members requested the programme implementers such as member, chairman, BRAC staffs to distribute them the materials. A man of Soforia village expressed his experience in this way: "I didn't have pacca latrine. Chairman-member insisted me to install latrine. I couldn't install due to lack of money. I requested 'member' to give me three rings. One day member told me that three rings had been allocated for you. I brought those from union parishad (sanitary mart centre)." "I got ring (chaka) from BRAC. I requested pusti apa (Community Nutrition Promoter) to give me latrine from BRAC. One day an officer from BRAC came to my home and gave me a slip to get chaka. My son brought them from Jessore Bazar." (A woman of Paharfuldi village) Few BRAC's VO members shared that they purchased the sanitary materials with the help of loan programme of BRAC as one of the VO members of Soforia village said, "Member pressurized me to install latrine. But I didn't have enough money to purchase chaka (ring). I discussed the matter with sir (BRAC MF staff). He informed me that I might get loan from BRAC for purchasing chaka. Finally, I drew Tk. 500 as loan from BRAC and bought 3 chaka and a dhakna (slab). Thus I made my latrine." Respondents also said that some elites/leaders of the villages advocated in favor of them to the providers for getting latrine materials. "I didn't have latrine. I requested a teacher in our village to collect rings for me from member. He assured me that he would manage these. Some days later, he told me that he talked to member and I would get ring/slab very soon. At last, I got three rings and a slab from member." (A poor woman of Soforia village). It is worth mentioning that all the respondents who were subsidized the sanitary materials from BRAC or local government disclosed that they only provided the materials but did not get 11 any financial support for transporting or installing these. As a result, they delayed to collect the sanitary materials and delayed to install latrine as well. "They (BRAC) asked me to collect the rings from Narshingdi Bazar. But they did not provide us money for carrying these to home. They don't understand that we are too poor to meet transport cost." (A woman of Soforia village). Few poor people of the villages expressed their disappointment regarding distribution of the latrine materials. They shared that the process of selecting the subsidized households for the materials was not appropriate. They complained that the selection was biased and some actual needy people were cut off from the list. "Member gave chaka (ring) to his own relatives though they could afford to buy, how can I expect chaka from him" (A man of Soforia village) On the other hand, it was observed that after the intervention, most of the solvent households installed their latrine by their own. They did not seek any help from any providers. "We didn't have sanitary latrine. We had hanging latrine. We often went to open places. A staff of BRAC visited our home and asked us to install sanitary latrine. Then we set up a latrine. We collected the materials by our own from Narshingdi Bazar." (A man of solvent households of Soforia village). Management of the latrine Most of the respondents of subsidy and VO members shared that they could not regularly keep the latrine clean. Cleaning of latrine was considered as an exorbitant task of the households. They could hardly maintain cleanliness of the latrine. Keeping the latrine clean all the time needs more money and more time as a woman of subsidy group shared this in a way: "Rich people can maintain cleanliness of the latrine. They have money. But we can't. Because we haven't money to buy oshud (e.g. bleeching powder, kerosene). It is not possible to make the latrine clean without oshud." The respondents of Paharfuldi shared that they didn't dig deep hole because of hard soil. Rather, they dug swallow hole. Consequently, the hole fills with the faeces very soon. But they didn't remove the faeces from the hole easily. An woman of NGO's VO shared in this way: "We need to employ a mathor (sweeper) to remove the faecal waste from the latrine. He normally charges 120 taka for three ring latrine. But we can't afford this. As a result, some latrines are abandoned." (A man of Paharfuldi village). It was revealed from the discussions that water was the main source for the poor households to clean the latrine. They hardly used kerosene when the faecal waste was removed. Some respondents shared that they could not use adequate water because of shortage of water. A member of NGO's VO said: "Sometimes we can't use enough water after defecation. Because, we don't have tube-well. We have to bring water from neighbour's tube-well. That's why we use less water in the latrine." Respondents also shared that though they installed the latrine but they can't arrange enclosure of the latrine in time. They can't manage the materials such as bamboo, corrugated iron sheet for enclosure because of financial constraints. Rather, they used paper, polythin to 12 make the fence. They also shared that these fence didn't last for the long time and the latrine further became open. Consequently, these latrines were not used frequently until these were repaired. On the other hand, most of the members of solvent households disclosed that they practiced in maintaining cleanliness of the latrine regularly. Cleanliness of the latrine seemed to be usual task of the households. It didn't seem to be difficult. They also shared that they often used bleaching powder, kerosene to clean the latrine. They could easily remove the faecal waste from the latrine. They hired a sweeper when the hole filled with the faecal waste. They also shared that they could afford the enclosure of the latrine. They used bamboo, corrugated iron sheet and concrete to make the wall of the latrine. It was common that the water sealed pipes (curb pipe) of the slab were broken in both solvent and poor households. They shared that they broke the water seal when they install the latrine. It was assumed that water sealed pipe need more water to remove the faeces in to hole. "We break the pipe (water sealed) when we install the latrine. Because, if we don't break those they will need adequate water. In that case, faeces are found at the top of the pipe. Consequently, bad smell would be widespread from the latrine." (A member of BRAC VO). PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNITY PEOPLE: SANITATION PROMOTION Perceived benefits All groups of respondents of community people regarded the sanitation programme as a "positive initiative" for the betterment of the community people. They opined that some positive changes had been occurred due to commencing the programme. Almost all of them shared that the most striking change was low occurrence of diseases compared to previous period. They disclosed that the diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, worm infection and skin diseases were widespread among the villagers all the year round. But after the programme was commenced, these were declined. A group of respondents of BRAC VO shared the advantage of the programme in this way: "Earlier diarrhoea, dysentery and worm infection was the common in the villages. If the diseases started in one household soon after there were found all the neighboring households. The main victim was the child. They suffered from worm infection all the year round. Now the situation has been changed. These diseases are rarely found in the villages." Factors of sanitation promotion A number of factors were mentioned by all groups of respondents that were believed to contribute to sanitation promotion. Among the factors, motivation and awareness, subsidy for sanitation materials, enforcement for installation of latrine were believed to be prime factors for promoting sanitation situation in the villages. All groups of respondents except subsidy group opined that motivation and awareness were primarily responsible to make the sanitation programme success. They also opined that the people of the villages were not aware on sanitation before the programme initiated. BRAC and local government took initiatives to raise the awareness in the villages through various activities such as meeting, theatre, household visit, individual contact, miking and dissemination of poster, leaflets etc. "I think it was not possible to promote the situation (of sanitation) if they (BRAC and member-chairman) would not have created awareness among the villagers. They did lots of things to make us understand about sanitary latrine." (A man of Soforia village). 13 Sustainability All the respondents of community people opined that the habit of use of sanitary latrine would be continued by the villagers. When they were asked to describe why they think they would continue practice of sanitation, these are some of the responses: "I believe practice on defecation at sanitary latrine would increase day by day. Now we are being habituated with the use of the latrine. Our children are being accustomed to use the latrine from us. They will keep the habit. But I think, it would take more time." (A man of Paharfuldi village). "People can't forget the habit they gained. If they all are habituated with the use of latrine they will not back to open places. They will feel shy to defecate in the open places." (A man of Soforia village). Recommendations from community people The respondents also gave some suggestions regarding improvement of the sanitation situation in the villages. Most of the respondents of subsidy and NGOs members emphasized on continuation of providing subsidy to the poor for the sanitation materials. They opined that there are still many poor people who are not able to buy sanitary materials. "I want to establish a latrine. But I haven't money to purchase the ring (chaka). If member gave me chaka, I could have made the latrine. It is difficult to manage the money for the latrine." (A poor woman of Soforia village). Many respondents shared that the campaign for safe latrine should be continued for a long time. The households who got sanitary latrine but did not install or are not using the latrine should be followed up strictly. Many respondents who got the sanitary materials from BRAC or local government criticized the quality of the materials. They shared that the quality of the products was not good. They suggested that the quality of the products should be improved "The chaka provided by them is not good. These are not strong in nature. Two of my chaka were broken while these were being brought to home. We expect good chaka from them". (A VO member of Soforia village). PERSPECTIVES OF PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTERS: SCALING-UP RURAL SANITATION Constraints According to many programme implementers, the main barrier of the success of the programme was lack of awareness regarding sanitation among the community people. It was difficult to make them understand that they should install sanitary latrine for their well-being. They also shared that most of the villagers were illiterate. They were not received hygiene messages at the village before the programme started. Following this, habit was believed to be another crucial factor that averted the safe sanitation. People were habituated to defecate in the open places. This trend was being transferred from generation to generation. They also opined that both solvent and poor people was in practice of defecating in open places. A chairman stated the nature of habit regarding defecation in this way: 14 "People of our area have been defecating at bushes and field for a long time. They acquired this habit from their antecedents (beep dada). They feel reluctant to defecate in a closed room. So, firstly it was difficult to bring them into latrine." Financial inability to purchase sanitary materials was believed to be another barrier according to many programme implementers. It was also observed that some people were not installing latrine though they were provided sanitary materials free of charge by the programme. Rather, these were found abandoned at home. They further opined that negligence; financial problem and habit were predominantly responsible for not installing the latrine. The unusual nature of soil (hard & sandy) also resulted slow-coverage of the sanitation in the villages. It was observed that the soil of Paharfuldi village was very hard. It was difficult to dig the soil there "There is muddy soil in the riverside villages. The hole of the latrine tends to be broken within some days. Thus many latrines have been broken in those areas. People are reluctant to repair them again." (A volunteer of BRAC). Scarcity of water in the high land was perceived another barrier for sanitation promotion. The chairman of Jessore union parishad said: "In our area, the level of water is very low. Many people can't install the tube-well. On the other hand, sanitary latrine needs plenty of water. So, the people keep away from installing sanitary latrine rather they feel comfortable to defecate in open places such as bush." Regular flood in the monsoon also affects the sanitation promotion in the study areas particularly in the low land area. A member of ward level TFC stated the experience in this way: "In July 2004, flood hit our area. Many villages were inundated with water. It affected on the sanitation programme. Many latrines including newly installed ones were fully damaged. Many poor people could not repair these yet." Some programme implementers opined that sanitary materials of low quality were distributed among the community people. Consequently, materials were broken within short time. It was also observed that the materials were broken while even these were being carried to the way of home. They also shared that allocation of money for each set of materials was poor. It was difficult to produce quality materials with that limit. Some programme implementers disclosed that there was rush to declare the area 100% sanitized before the entire field were not ready for that. According to them, they needed more time for motivation to the households. "We spent less time for motivation. The change of behaviour of the community is not an easy task. We should give more time for motivational work. Now, many people installed the latrine but don't use it properly." (An official of DPHE of government). STRATEGIES FOR SCALING-UP RURAL SANITATION In-depth interviews with the programme implementers revealed some measures that may be effective way for scaling up rural sanitation promotion. Here are some initiatives taken for promotion of sanitation: 15 Forming of sanitation taskforce committee Forming of 'sanitation taskforce committee' (STC) was the primary level initiative that contributed to designing the implementation strategies of the programme. Various STCs were formed at different level such as upzila, union, ward and village. These committees involved GO officials (e.g. TNO, DPHE officials), NGO representatives, teachers, imam (religious leader), members of gram sarker, community leader etc. Regular meetings were arranged to share the present situations of sanitation and experiences of the programme. Increased awareness at village level According to programme implementers, the main challenge of the programme was to aware the community people towards safe sanitation. The community people were habituated with defecating in the open places. It was difficult to bring them into latrine. Considering this situation, a massive campaign was driven to aware the people in the community. A number of staffs of both GO and NGO were deployed in the field for this purpose. They regularly visited the households who didn't have latrine. They provided the massage on bad impact of unsafe sanitation to the community people. Also, sanitation issue was presented at different meetings of NGOs. On the other hand, theatre show, dissemination of poster, leaflets, were introduced in the villages. "Theatre is a good media to raise awareness among the people. I believe BRAC's theatre increased the awareness among the community people." (A village leader of Soforia village). It was observed that some community leader such as Imam, teacher, village doctor, matobbor contributed to increase awareness in the villages. "Imam delivery the speech on sanitation during khutba(religious speech) at mosques. People were asked to install sanitary latrine. Moreover, they were advised to practice hygiene behaviour on the basis of religion." (A staff of BRAC). Subsidy It was observed that few people installed the latrine after giving the motivation. But many households were found using unsafe latrine. It was assumed that poor people could not afford the sanitary materials. Consequently, it was decided that they would be provided sanitary materials free of cost. Prior to distributing, an inventory was conducted who were unable to install the latrine by their own. Following this, sanitary materials were distributed among the poor people. "Some people were too poor to buy sanitary materials. We provided them sanitary materials free of cost. If we did not provide them these, they would not have installed the latrine." (A member of Jessore union). Availability of sanitary materials: According to program implementers It was observed that the villagers were reluctant to purchase sanitary material from distant places. Rather, they were optimistic to collect these materials vicinity their villages. For this, some local sanitary mart companies were given motivation to decentralize their production centres to the villages. As a result, a significant number of sanitary mart centres were established in the locality with help of local government and NGOs. In addition, some VO members of BRAC were trained up regarding producing of sanitary products and they were given some loan in this regard. All these efforts made the community people comfortable to get the materials. 16 Enforcement It was learnt from the programme that awareness and subsidy were not enough to scale-up the sanitation promotion in rural area. Rather, the community people have to be enforced in practicing sanitation. The programme implementers disclosed several measures taken in this regard. The union parishad did miking in the villages asking people to remove hanging latrine. They also warned that if they didn't remove these latrines in the given time, they might be faced litigation. The people might be charged Tk. 50-500 for having hanging latrine. In many cases, the union parishad sent chowkider (gram police) to the households to take off the hanging latrine. They also warned that those who will defecate in the open places will be handed over to the police. Some people could not be motivated through intimidation of litigation and financial penalty. Then, they were intimidated by RAB. "Some people were so rigid. They can't be motivated any way. Then we decided to intimidate them by RAB. We told them that if they didn't remove the hanging latrine and didn't install sanitary latrine, they would be sent to the RAB. Many people installed the latrine under this threat." (Chairman of Baghabo union parishad). The chairman and member also warned the members of IGVGD that they must install sanitary latrine otherwise their card would be invalidated. They also pressurized that the households who would be late to set up latrine, their children's stipend might be stopped. The union parishad also gave condition to the people that if they didn't have sanitary latrine, they would not be given 'national certificate' when needed. "I told every one that if they don't install sanitary latrine, they would not be provided 'national certificate' instead of emergency." (Chairman of Jessore union parishad). Monitoring Regular monitoring and supervision by stakeholders was believed to be one of the crucial factors regarding promotion of sanitation. All of the respondents believed that it is difficult to ensure total sanitation without regular monitoring. A staff of BRAC shared it in this way: "In a programme like total sanitation, monitoring is a must. There are various committees to monitor the situation of the sanitation in the villages. They often visited the villages to observe the current status of sanitation. They also submit the monitoring report to respective 'sanitation taskforce committee'. Then the future plan is developed considering this report." Political commitment It was observed that the sanitation issues were addressed at the different meetings of political parties. National and local level political leaders were seemed to be committed for implementing this programme. It was also observed that political leaders kept the stakeholders under pressure for proper implementation of the programme. They sometimes visited the villages to observe the status of the sanitation. "Our leader (local MP & minister) was very much supportive about the sanitation programme. He always wanted to know about the improvement of the programme. He encouraged us a lot. He used to say us that we must make Shibpur 100% sanitized area. He discussed sanitation issues in every political meetings." (A chairman). 17 DISCUSSION A cross sectional analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice on sanitation in Shibpur upazila of Narsingdi district was performed in this study. Program outcomes are difficult to determine accurately because there is no research-based information at baseline. However, over a period of three years sanitation program in Shibpur upaziala, almost 98% respondents had access to latrine of any type, though currently only 50% used sanitary latrine and only 17% of them maintaining a proper hygienic sanitary latrine. Like other studies (3, 4), this study documented a universal use of tube well water for drinking, for different domestic and personal purposes in rural area of Bangladesh. Adequate sanitation is defined as the safe management of human excreta and includes both "hardware" (sanitation technologies, such as toilets and hygienic latrines) and "software" (hygiene promotion, such as hand washing with soap) (5). In our study we explored both. In study area sanitation programme stated that stopping open defecation is one of their primary objectives. The prevalence of open defecation is, therefore, an important measure of program outcomes. In this regard, open defecation was almost nil, so we can conclude that program had a good impact on this issue. Though adequate sanitation was not made yet at the community level; because there is a huge gap between their knowledge and practices. In Shibpur upazila some toilets have been built with overflow pipes that discharge pathogenic effluent into the area surrounding the home, or with open vent pipes that could create fecal contamination routes. The problems relate to the durability of the toilet components, many of which appear to be broken, damaged or abandoned after only short periods of usage; these do not reflect adequate sanitation. Moreover, hygienic behaviors, such as using sanitary latrines, hands washing with soap after use and cleaning sanitation facilities are important in improving total sanitation (5). We found only 17% of respondents those are maintaining a total sanitation. This percentage can be increased significantly over the time through motivation. The subsidy may increase the affordability of toilets, but it will not improve toilet usage and in a long run health benefits under the current supply driven approach. Only 17% we found those who made their own latrine after initiation of sanitation program which reflects motivational affect. Regular cleaning of latrine is crucial for its proper maintenance. A better sanitation awareness also seems to increase the practice among the households. The influence of GO and NGOs or BRAC in motivating the households towards sanitation practices was clearly reflected in the study. Though some degree of organizational bias has been observed within the information providers to their respective VOs, but the study found that knowledge dissemination was adequate as a whole. REFERENCES 1. Lessons learned from Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: Scaling-up rural sanitation in South Asia; Water and Saniitation program. May 2005 2. BRAC Health Program 2004. Circulation on 100% sanitation program dated 23 12.2004 3. NGO Forum. Annual report 1998, Dhaka, 1998 4. Chowdhury AMR and Ali A. Health Impact of a Non-Health Intervention. BRAC, Health Vol. VIII, 1992. 5. WELL (1998). DFID guidance manual on water supply and sanitation programs. 18 Annex 1 A1. Households and respondents profile Respondents Subsidy BRAC VO Other NGO Non VO group (n=90) VO (n=90) Total (n=90) (n=90) (n=360) Having children <5 year (%) 45.6 51.1 65.6 43.3 51.4 Perceived economic condition (%) • Always deficit 16.7 6.7 4.4 .0 6.9 • Equal 76.7 72.2 84.4 53.3 71.7 • Surplus 6.7 21.1 11.1 46.7 21.4 Homestead land (%) • No land 3.3 8.9 5.6 3.3 5.3 • 1-10 decimal 84.4 68.9 56.7 26.7 59.2 • 11-30 decimal 6.7 16.7 31.1 50.0 26.1 • 31-50 decimal 2.2 .0 3.3 5.6 2.8 • >50 decimal 3.3 5.6 3.3 14.4 6.7 Educational level (%) • No formal education level Can sign only 45.6 46.7 50.0 22.2 41.1 Can not sign 13.3 2.2 3.3 7.8 6.7 • Primary (I-V) 22.2 31.1 25.6 22.2 25.3 • Secondary (VI-X) 18.9 18.9 20.0 38.9 24.2 • Higher secondary and above .0 1.1 1.1 8.9 2.8 Age of the respondent (mean±SD) 35.64±12.1 35.73±9.7 35.03±10.1 38.22±9.2 36.16±10.3 A2. Pre and post intervention sanitation scenario of studied villages Indicator Village Paharfuldi (n=167) Soforia (n=172) Total(n=339) HH owned to latrine (%) 34.73 62.21 48.67 Existing scenario (%) • HH installed latrine after the scheme 39.52 20.34 29.79 • HH own latrine at present 74.25 82.55 74.47 • HH do not own but have access to latrine 25.75 17.44 21.53 19 20 21


text:
AD Tag – GNN
2AD – grey matter book ad
3Ad – caverns of blood
4AD – Brain Damage
8 – Eddie Brewer AD
8Ad Hillbilly horror
Social Arena Banner
Subscribe and Follow
zergnet widget
News header
springboard widget – move reviews under
Film Reviews header
podcasts header
interviews header
Interview: Ian Fetterman - Pumpkin Carver Extraordinaire
November 24th, 2014
Interviewed by: Horrornews.net
Interview: Mike T. Lyddon (Creepers)
November 20th, 2014
Interviewed by: Horrornews.net
Interview: Author Deana Demko
November 17th, 2014
Interviewed by: Janel Spiegel
book reviews header
Book Review: Axes of Evil - Edited by Alex S. Johnson
November 22nd, 2014
Reviewed by: Dave Gammon
Category: Book Reviews
Book Review: Prisoner 489 - Author Joe Lansdale
November 17th, 2014
Reviewed by: Anton Cancre
Category: Book Reviews
Book Review: Equilibrium Overturned - Authors Anthony Rivera and Sharon Lawson
November 13th, 2014
Reviewed by: Dave Gammon
Category: Book Reviews
Film Review: 6 Souls (2010)
SYNOPSIS: Cara (Julianne Moore) is a forensic psychiatrist who doesn't believe that Multiple Personality Syndrome exists. Her father (who is also a psychiatrist) then introduces her to his newest patient, a young man who has a split personality (a few of them, actually). Cara soon learns that all of the personalities that supposedly lurk inside him are were once real people who are murder victims, so she goes on an investigation to the bottom of … Continue reading

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Photos of Heidi Montag, Spencer Pratt, and Stephanie Pratt in LA
Heidi and Spencer Return to Monday Night Television
by Celebrity 7 Reactions 0 Shares Print
After their martial arts lessons the day before, Spencer Pratt and Heidi Montag took Stephanie out on the town in LA on Friday. Tonight we'll get to see their guest spot on How I Met Your Mother, although a sneak peek of the episode is already online. The show might not have taken home any Golden Globes last night, but the attention-drawing couple might make it water-cooler-worthy tomorrow.
To see more photos of Heidi and the Pratts, just read more.
Read More Stephanie PrattSpencer PrattHeidi Montag
Heidi Montag
Spencer Pratt
Stephanie Pratt
CityStyleLife 5 years
I just wish they would go away...
amloveaffair 5 years
Dude, they were on it for like 10 seconds. Jeeze
ilanac13 5 years
these two really are the most annoying people out there - who cares what they do with all their staged photo opps. i'm glad that i missed HIMYM tonight - cause i don't know if i'd be able to stomach them on the show
Lukin 5 years
She has to be the ugliest girl in the world, thanks to the fake hair, fake face, fake boobs, etc.
Penny4545 5 years
yuck yuck yuck blah blah blah. I supported HIMYM having britney but this is digging at the bottom of the barrel.
amloveaffair 5 years
The show itself wasn't up for any awards. Only NPH was for playing Barney.
Link Love
- Hilary Duff reveals what Lizzie McGuire would be doing now — Us Weekly
- Lauren Conrad is planning a Pinterest-perfect Thanksgiving — HuffPost Celebrity
- Gwyneth Paltrow praises Jennifer Lopez's backside — Lainey Gossip
- Are there nude photos of Kevin Federline floating around? — Dlisted
- Reese Witherspoon and Nicole Kidman are coming to TV — ET
- Ryan Reynolds opens up about his father's Parkinson's disease — JustJared
- Bella Thorne stirs up trouble in her TV guest-starring role — Hollywood Tuna
- A former boy band member strips down for Out magazine — Pink Is the New Blog
- How Katherine Heigl used John Mayer to get engaged — The Superficial
- Is Dean McDermott leaving True Tori? — I'm Not Obsessed


text:
Ask Search Post
Boats > USA > MI > Detroit Area
Searches Related to
Boats for Sale in 48209Used Boats on Oodle Detroit Used Boats Detroit Used Fishing Boats Detroit Used JetSkis & Watercrafts Detroit Used Motor Boats Detroit Used Sailboats Detroit Used Yachts Detroit Used Power Boats
Boats for Sale in 48209(1 - 15 of 1,960)
$2,999 1987 Chris Craft 320 AmerosportChris Craft · Harrison Township, MIThis boat is in good condition, and needs nothing to enjoy today! This has always been a Great Lakes freshwater boat. The engines are in ...Andy V. · 2 days ago
$3,500 2001 Prokat Catamaran 2800 WADetroit, MISpot Light, Rocket Launchers, Live Well, SS Props, Hydraulic Steering, Full Galley and MUCH MORE!Virginia H. · 6 days ago
$2,500 1999 Sea Ray 230 OvernighterSea Ray · Detroit, MIThe boat is wired for shore power, has a 500 Watt Inverter and has a Dual Battery Switch, only one battery installed now.Stephanie G. · 1 week ago
$4,500 2003 Sea Ray 240 SundancerSea Ray · Detroit, MIColor Exterior - W/BLACK Interior - W/BLACKFelicia M. · 1 week ago
$3,000 2012 Yamaha 11.8Yamaha · Detroit, MI- Anchor - Bottom Paint - Bottom Paint - Engine Cooling (Fresh Water Cooled) - Gel Coat (Spotless) - Radar Arch - Stored InsideAleida C. · 1 week ago
$5,000 2000 Crownline 248 CCRCrownline · Detroit, MI- Depth Instrument - Depth Sounder - Navigation Lights - Sound System - Speed Instrument - VHF (Uniden)Shirley J. · 1 week ago
$7,400 2005 Sea Ray Sundeck 240 Merc 350 Mag Mpi BoatSea Ray · Detroit, MIThis is a GREAT LOOKING BOAT!! There's just something about the vibrant color... and the sleek lines that just makes you stop and stare! ...Joshua V. · 3 weeks ago
$3,900 Sea Doo 2006' RXT SC & 2005' GTX SC ready to go !!!!!! jetski USSea-Doo · Detroit, MISea Doo 2005' GTX SC & 2006' RXT SC New Zieman Trailer. Here's your chance to own a pair of jet skis. Both are so clean that they look a...Juan E. · 3 weeks ago
$2,700 2009 KAWASAKI Jet Ski Ultra 260LX PWC THE ULTIMATE TOURING PERSONAL WATERCRAFTKawasaki · Detroit, MI2009 KAWASAKI Jet Ski Ultra 260LX, THE ULTIMATE TOURING PERSONAL WATERCRAFT. Commanding horsepower, luxurious accommodations. Watercraft ...Juan C. · 3 weeks ago
$3,300 1996 Custom Ultra 21' LX OMC V8 350 BoatDetroit, MIBoat is a 1996 Custom Ultra 21' LX Bow Ride. Ultra boats have a great reputation for quality craftsmanship. Boat has been used a normal a...Carl D. · 3 weeks ago
$2,850 1994 REINELL 2400 RXL 7.4L MERCRUISER BoatDetroit, MI1994 REINELL 2400 RXL, This boat is clean for its age, hardly used, comes with 19 pitch propeller 300 HP 454 Mercruiser with low low hrs,...Dennis H. · 3 weeks ago
$4,990 2011 Princecraft Brio 15Troy, MIThis is a 2011 Princecraft Brio 15 pontoon boat. This boat was originally purchased new from us in 2011 with a 9.9hp engine. Last year th...Travis O. · 4 weeks ago
$259,900 1985 Hatteras 53EDMY Boat for SaleHatteras · Harrison Township, MIA true classic! Loaded with updates including fresh canvas, electronics, bow thruster and stabilizers. Shown by appointment only. Trades...Marketplace User ·6 hours ago on BoatDealersTools
- XTools
- 1985 Hatteras 53EDMY B... for $259,900
- Respond
- Stop Fraud
- Report
- Learn More
$84,900 2008 Chris-Craft Catalina 26Chris Craft · Saint Clair Shores, MI… This 2008 Chris Craft 26 Catalina has spent just as much time out of the water as in. With only 168 hours ...Jefferson Beach Yacht Sales ·22 hours ago on BoatTrader.comTools
- XTools
- 2008 Chris-Craft Catal... for $84,900
- Respond
- Stop Fraud
- Report
- Learn More
2015 Scarab 195 HO ImpulsePremier · Brighton, MI… Michigan Made. Check out the premier jet boat on the water. Best in class Rotax 250hp Jet makes this boat safe...Wilson Marine Corp. ·1 day ago on BoatingBayTools
- XTools
- 2015 Scarab 195 HO Imp...
- Respond
- Stop Fraud
- Report
- Learn More
More on Oodle Marketplace Oodle Marketplace is a great place to find used cars, used motorcycles, used RVs, used boats, apartments for rent, homes for sale, job listings, and local businesses. Athens used Boats | Austin used Boats | Washington used Boats | Greenville used Boats | Jacksonville used Boats | Los Angeles used Boats | Madison used Boats | Oklahoma City used Boats | Omaha used Boats | Anaheim used Boats | Riverside used Boats | San Antonio used Boats | Seattle used Boats | Trenton used Boats | Tucson used Boats.
Safety Tips
Safety Tips
- Meet the seller and test drive before you buy.
- Be cautious of underpriced items.
- Don't wire money or take advance payments.
- Only pay for shipping if you know the seller.
To learn more, visit the Safety Center. Report suspicious listings by clicking on .


text:
2011 Kenworth T660
Gulfport, MS
2008 Ford F550 XLT SD
New Hampton, IA
2013 Ford F350 SD
Saint Louis, MO
2007 International 9400i
Lake Butler, FL
2009 International PROSTAR
Des Moines , IA
Trailer for 2014 East Hardox Steel Dumps
Voorhees, NJ
2008 Kenworth T800
Healdsburg, CA
1989 Mack R690T
Ocala, FL
2011 Volvo VNL670
Bolingbrook (Chicago), IL
Description: Low mile Viper red Volvo 670 with VED 13 & 13 speed!358 Ratio, double bunk, aluminum wheels & full skirts.Nicely equipped inside and out a truly a very sharp truck!90 Day power-train warranty comes standard!PM serviced, DOT inspected & professionally detailed!Pease call for all the info on this great truck! | BEAUTIFUL VIPER RED 670 W/ VED13 & 13SP!More Information
Description: ....NOW AVAILABLE !!.......45 ton pintle hook & plate for pulling equipment trailer,
original heavy duty chassis dump truck, not a tractor conversion, cold a/c, Jake Brake,
cruise, power steering, deluxe padded interior, chrome bumper, aluminum fuel tanks,
16ft steel dump body, electric tarp, air tailgate, asphalt apron, cabshield, looks great,
runs great, work ready. ....LOW MILES !!...Unusually clean tight truck !!More Information
Description: Fleet maintained 2009 Volvo VNL 300 Daycab.Only 408,000 miles on this hard to find Volvo daycab.Highly sought after Cummins ISX and 10 speed manaul trans.358 gear ratio, steel wheels, & nicely equipped.DOT inspected and PM serviced.professioanlly detailed inside and out.90 Day Confidence+ Power-train warranty comes standard.Please call for all the info on this great truck! | LOW MILE-ISX POWERED-10 SP MANUAL-CLEAN!More Information
Description: This Volvo powered day cab come equipped with an air slide5th wheel, suspension drop, interaxle lock, jake brake, anddual spot mirrors. DOT'd, PM Serviced, Detailed, andcomes with Arrow's 90 Day Power Train Warranty. Multipleunits to choose from. | PRE-EMISSION VOLVO POWERED DAYCAB!More Information
Description: This hard to find Volvo 430 is in EXCELLENT shape! Smells like new inside and you can eat off the frame. Enjoy the tightturning and comfort of Volvo trucks as you kick the a/c atfull blast making more money in the most aero dynamic truckon the road. We offer the best financing options and the best people to serve you! | LIKE NEW SOUTHERN RUST FREE TRUCK!More Information
Description: | BIG HP & I-SHIFT!!More Information
Description: DYNO/ OIL&FILTER CHANGE/ DOT PASSED/NEW MATTRESS/ NEW TRIANGLE&FIRE EXT.90DAY WARRANTY: Money-Saving 90 DAY/25,000mile Engine, Transmission and Rear End limitedwarranty at no cost to you. Includes Injectors, Fuel pump,Turbochargers, Radiator and ECM. Call for details. | Dyno Tested. 90 Day Warranty.More Information
Description: This 630 comes fully equiped with dual air ride seats, Dualpower and heated mirrors, 3 stage engine brake, diff lock,Sliding 5th wheel, Dual spot mirrors and 13 speed trans.It also has virgin tires, APU and the aero dynamic packagewhich includes, Roof fairing, Side extenders, 3/4 sideskirts. Call us today to reserve this beauty. | WOW! VIRGIN TIRES, 13SPD AND APUMore Information
Description: NoneMore Information
Description: Low mile 2010 Volvo VNL 630 w/ only 353,000 miles!ISX Powered by Cummins and a 13 speed transmission.358 ratio, aluminum wheels & skirts give it a great look!PM serviced, DOT inspected & professionally detailed.90 day Confidence+ power-train warranty comes standard.Please call for all the info on this great low mile truck. | LOW MILES, ISX & 13 SPEED! WHAT A DEAL!More Information
Description: Has big Cummis power, Large 13 speed transmission andperfect size rear for heavy hauling ability while stillbeing economical on fuel. Beautiful blue metallic paint,Large spacious sleeper, Big fuel tanks increase range,Provides exceptional value and hauling capability. | VERSATILE 18 SPEED HEAVY HAULERMore Information
Description: MIDROOF that is Very Versatile. It has a Cummins and 13spd.It has Alum Wheels, New Steer Tires, Great Rear Tires, PW,PMIt is a very clean truck. Don't forget to ask about our newRoadside Assistance Program and our Great warranty and finance options. | MIDROOF WITH ROOF FARINGMore Information
Description: CALL TODAY! This Volvo VNL630 has been taken very well careof and is ready to make you some money! This truck isequipped with a Volvo VED12 Engine and a 10 speed Fullertransmission. It also has a short wheelbase for a greatturning radius. Dont miss out! | CLEAN VOLVO VNL630!More Information
Description: | CARB COMPLIANT W/ APU!!!More Information
Description: CALL TODAY! This 2013 Volvo VNL 670 will not last long! Thistruck is equipped with a Volvo VED13 475 Horse Power engine,12 speed I-Shift, double bunk, virgin rubber, dual stacks,and aluminum wheels! You will be please with what you see,this truck has been taken very well care of! | I-SHIFT AND VIRGIN RUBBER!More Information
Description: Extremely low mile Volvo VNL 670 with DEF/SCR.Highly sought after ISX engine, 13 speed & 342 ratio.Full skirts, aluminum wheels and great curb appeal!Nicely equipped inside and out.Four matched units, these trucks wont last long!90 Day power-train Confidence+ warranty comes standard.PM serviced, DOT ready & professionally detailed in & out!Please call to reserve this great truck today! | LOW MILE 670 W/ SCR/DEF, 13 SP & ISX!More Information
Description: Extremely low mile Volvo VNL 670 with DEF/SCR.Highly sought after ISX engine, 13 speed & 342 ratio.Full skirts, aluminum wheels and great curb appeal!Nicely equipped inside and out.Four matched units, these trucks wont last long!90 Day power-train Confidence+ warranty comes standard.PM serviced, DOT ready & professionally detailed in & out!Please call to reserve this great truck today! | LOW MILE 670 W/ DEF/SCR 13 SPEED & ISX!More Information
Description: | ONLY 276k MILES!!!More Information
Didn't find what you were looking for? Click here to request availability from our dealer network.
Sean Kilcarr comments on trends affecting the many different strata of the trucking industry.. Check back often for Sean's take on the trucking industry, in his award-winning blog, Trucks at Work.


text:
Jobs in Florida (FL)
Create job alert using this search criteria
|Search results: 21 - 22 of 22
Senior Clinical Pharmacist- Specialty (5493BR)
Prime Therapeutics.
Florida (FL)
Minnesota (MN), Bloomington (MN) or Orlando (FL)
Job Description The Senior Clinical Pharmacist is responsible for the evaluation, development and implementation of strategic and tactical specialty clinical programs and initiatives. These programs impact quality of care for members and may lower total cost of care for Prime and its Clients and improve member outcomes. This position will...
|Position type
|Job Category
|Managed Care (PBM / Insurance / Mail Order)
|Sub Category
|Clinical Pharmacist
Pharmacy Director (14-007300-0475-01-0001)
All Children's Hospital. Florida (FL), St. Petersburg
Description: A critical management/leadership position within the Hospital organization that is crucial to the fulfillment of the hospital's mission. This position is responsible for all aspects related to the planning, management, direction, and performance of the Pharmacy Department at All Children's Hospital. Requirements: Must be a graduate of an...
|Position type
|Job Category
|Health-Systems (Hospital / LTC / Home Infusion)
|Sub Category


text:
Search for BiggerPockets members in your local area
Email Address:
Forgot info?
Log in with Facebook
Create Your Account
Send Colleague Request
View All
Craig Grella
Commercial Real Estate Broker
Nashville, TN
Ralph Moore
Atlantic Beach, FL
James Wilson
Bremerton, WA
Luis V
Arlington, VA
Andrew Kniffin
SFR Investor
Seattle, WA
Randon Bowerman
Austin, TX
Shahriar M.
Sacramento, CA
Olivia St Clair
Real Estate Attorney
Evanston, IL
You must be logged into a BiggerPockets account to access this information.
Please Sign in or Create a Free Account Today.
Get Started For Free!


text:
It's in the bag
Dude 2: Why is it groceries
Dude: B/c that shit's in the bag son.
Dude 2: Why is it groceries
Dude: B/c that shit's in the bag son.
ayon kay Wally Deutchland ika-14 ng Pebrero, 2009
1. food you buy at a supermarket.
2. food you have ate.
2. food you have ate.
Hey chief those were some good groceries.
ayon kay the great dick cheney ika-22 ng Oktubre, 2004
background is blues/jazz(can't get any more urban) meaning a womans backside. one bagger two bagger you get the idea
look at those groceries
ayon kay kevin kelly ika-17 ng Pebrero, 2005
A place you pretend to go to get food but really buy drugs in the parking lot.
A: Yo, I need some "green beans".
B: Meet me at the grocery dogg.. oh yeah 50 bucks.
B: Meet me at the grocery dogg.. oh yeah 50 bucks.
ayon kay John Day La Holmes ika-01 ng Mayo, 2008
A slang word to describe something that is cool, cute, awesome, bomb and so on.
Kaitlyn: How do I look?
Tenley: Girl, you look groceries!
Tenley: Girl, you look groceries!
ayon kay coco fosho sho ika-25 ng Hunyo, 2009
southern slang for food or something to eat.
"lets go get some groceries"
ayon kay Stevie P 53 ika-09 ng Hulyo, 2009


text:
NASA Goddard Dr Dan Duffy at SC12
NASA Goddard Dr Dan Duffy at SC12
NASA Goddard Dr Dan Duffy at SC12
Maximize utilization with Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessors, enabling scientific research and discovery.
Bill Nitzberg and Eric Lequiniou explain how Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessors quickly recompile code.
Supermicro explains how Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor reduces HPC's financial and power costs.
Researchers discuss how having more computing power will help them make new discoveries.
Coprocessors rapidly port applications to the platform and support parallel workloads.
SGI UV* 64-terabyte computer pairs with Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor at Supercomputing 2012.


text:
Patriots QB accepts $1 million base in 2013 to help team with cap space. Terry McCormick
The reported $27 million extension that Tom Brady got from the New England Patriots was a little misleading.
It also came with a $30 million signing bonus, according to a league source.
Brady got the $30 mil up front and also took a $1 million base salary for the 2013 season in order to save the Patriots some cap space in exchange for extending his deal through 2017.
Brady will have a salary cap number of $13.8 million for 2013 and $14.8 million for 2014 as his base salary jumps to $2 million that year.
In all, Brady's new extension is worth of $57 million to run over the next five seasons.
Follow me on Twitter @TerryMc13
Terry McCormick covers the Titans for TitanInsider. com
NFP's Introduction to Scouting Class is now registering for our Winter sessions! Save $200 if you register before December 1st! REGISTER NOW!
Check out our partners at TiqIQ for the best deals on all games on the 2014 NFL schedule.
NOV 20 Joel Corry
Will there be first ballot Hall of Famers in 2015?
A detailed look at the eight candidates vying for that unique honor.
NOV 18 Dion Caputi
Cleveland quarterback Brian Hoyer has overcome long odds to put his team in contention for a playoff berth.
NOV 13 Joel Corry
The NFL's most underpaid players
10 players who are delivering big returns for their respective franchises.


text:
Bo: Obamas' official décor inspector
Updated On: Dec 03 2012 12:55:41 PM EST
Chances are, you've never seen the inside of the White House during the holidays. So pique your interest and check out this insider look at all the bells and whistles that make the White House special over the holiday season.
Bo walks through each room accessible by the public from top to bottom in this short video. But why do you need an inspector? Because approximately 90,000 people will visit the White House during the holiday season and someone needs to ensure everything is in place. So, who better than Bo Obama, the first family's pet dog.
Since the White House's video was posted on Friday, it has been watched more than 1.3 million times on YouTube.
Crime stoppers offering reward in Tucker Hipps death investigation
Greenville 'spa' busted for prostitution
Teen son cited in La. crash that killed 5 family members traveling to Disney World
Attorney: Police had 'duty' to cite teen son in fatal crash that killed 5 family members
Missing SC 14-year-old forced into prostitution in NC


text:
Sort By:
Tips to save time and money shipping your holiday packages this season.
Your one-stop shop to get your holiday mail out in the nick of time.
Scare up some fun this Halloween with personalized goodies that will make a ghastly impression!
Add inviting, personalized touches to your Thanksgiving using Avery products and free design templates on Avery Design & Print Online.
Halloween season has arrived, and it's time for the revelries to begin!
We've got some timesavers and tips to make sure your mail arrives on time and in good condition.
Brush up on Halloween safety before your evening outing. Here are some do's and don'ts for a safe event for parents and children alike.
So you're one of the lucky ones hosting Thanksgiving this year, eh? Gotta hand it to you, holiday entertaining is no small feat.
Here are four ways to show your appreciation to those who are special to you.
See why the fun part isn't the unwrapping of the gift.


text:
Histology of the terminal ileum in coeliac disease.
ABSTRACT The histological lesion of gluten sensitivity primarily affects the proximal small bowel. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there were features of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in biopsies taken from the terminal ileum during colonoscopy/ileoscopy. Specific and sensitive abnormalities might facilitate diagnosis of coeliac disease in patients undergoing colonoscopy as their initial procedure or help select those who should proceed to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and duodenal biopsy.
Terminal ileal biopsies, taken from 30 patients with duodenal villous atrophy consistent with coeliac disease and from 60 control patients with no evidence of coeliac or inflammatory bowel disease, were reviewed blindly and compared. Biopsies were assessed for the presence or absence of villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, and counts were made of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs).
One patient only, in the coeliac group, had partial villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia in the terminal ileum. IEL counts were significantly higher (P< 0.005) in the coeliac group than among controls (mean per 100 enterocytes 26 versus 10). An ileal IEL count > or =25 had a sensitivity for duodenal villous atrophy (VA) of 60% and specificity of 100%.
Coeliac disease may affect the entire small bowel. Increased IEL density in the terminal ileum is associated with duodenal VA and should prompt a search for coeliac disease by serology and duodenal biopsy. Conversely, a normal IEL count does not allow the exclusion of coeliac disease with confidence.
- Citations (0)
- Cited In (22)
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Celiac disease occurs in about 1% of the population. Although diarrhea is the classical presentation, the diagnosis of celiac disease is frequently not considered as part of the differential diagnosis of a variety of different symptoms. It is,therefore, imperative that physicians who perform capsule endoscopy, and those who review the images, are aware of the variety of mucosa appearances inpatients who have celiac disease. In addition, studies are needed to determine the role of capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of celiac disease.Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 05/2006; 16(2):307-16.
Article: Gut microflora associated characteristics in first-degree relatives of children with celiac disease.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In celiac disease (CD), enteropathy of the small bowel results from a T-cell-mediated reaction to gluten in the diet. In addition to gluten, other environmental and genetic factors participate in the disease pathogenesis. We have recently reported the finding of a significantly different short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile in fecal samples from children with CD compared to healthy controls reflecting an aberrant gut microflora. The aim of the present study was to make a functional evaluation of the gut microflora status in non-celiac 1st degree relatives of children with CD. Fecal samples from 76 symptom-free, non-celiac, 1st degree CD relatives and from 91 aged-matched healthy controls were analyzed for fecal tryptic activity (FTA) and a number of SCFAs. There was a significantly lower level of acetic acid and total SCFAs as well as a significantly increased level of i-butyric acid and FTA in relatives compared to healthy controls. The FTA and the SCFA profiles in fecal samples from 1st degree relatives of children with CD are different from those of healthy individuals. The implication of this observation provides insight into the pathogenesis of CD and opens up the possibility of future new diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 11/2007; 42(10):1204-8. · 2.33 Impact Factor
Article: Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.Digestive and Liver Disease 02/2007; 39(1):26-9; discussion 30-2. · 3.16 Impact Factor


text:
Rockaway Beach House Rental Photos and Description
House, 4 Bedrooms + Convertible bed(s), 2 Baths, (Sleeps 11-13)
Beautiful Ocean View Rockaway Beach Home - Watch the waves break and breathe in the clean ocean air while relaxing on the upper deck of this meticulously maintained Rockaway Beach home, just steps away from the Pacific Ocean. Watch whales during whale watching season right from the deck! Cook in the fully equipped kitchen or barbecue on the deck while enjoying the awesome energy of the ocean or witnessing the splendor of the Pacific at sunset.
Absolutely ideal for families, this two story, 4 bedroom, 2 full bath home can sleep at least 13 comfortably. You enter the home on the first level and walk into a cozy family room with cable TV and a VCR and a queen size hide-a-bed. The first level also has a laundry room, a full bath, one bedroom with two sets of bunk beds, and another bedroom with a queen bed. Climb a few stairs to the main living area ... a light, airy, open design offering ocean views from three sides of the living/dining area.
The living room has a 42' HD flat screen TV, a comfortable couch, loveseat and oversized chair. The dining area features a large table and chairs which accommodates 10 people. Upstairs has two queen bedrooms and another full bathroom. All queen beds feature memory foam mattress pads, 400 thread count sheets, down blankets and pillows.
The garage game room features a ping pong table and beach chairs and sand toys. A newly added fenced in front courtyard is perfect for kids and pets to safely play.
If a family environment is what you are looking for, look no further. If activity is what you have in mind, you'll find it here where you are steps from the sand! It is also a short walk to Lake Lytle, where you can put your kayaks in for a tranquil outing among the deer, redwing blackbirds, ducks and other wildlife. Bring your bicycles and ride to the center of town, where you'll find restaurants and shops to explore. Within a couple of miles, you'll find boat rentals, crabbing, fishing, hiking and golf.
Buena Vista's floorplan allows two families to share the home while maintaining each family's privacy. Come experience the fabulous Oregon Coast at this wonderful home!
Keywords: House
- Suitability:
- children welcome
- non smoking only
- pets considered
- wheelchair inaccessible
About The Owner
Our dreams came true when we partnered with good friends to purchase a vacation home on the Oregon Coast. We love spending time there........enjoying the peaceful quiet, the gorgeous sunny days and awesome storms. We love walking the beach, heading into town for a cup of coffee or a great meal. The house is perfect for family and friends to enjoy a great time together! We are happy to share our wonderful home in quaint Rockaway Beach and hope you enjoy it as much as we do.
Guestbook comments from the owner
Wonderful stay in a beautiful home. Our party of nine enjoyed a wonderful stay at Buena Vista!! The home was well equipped and beautifully decorated; the ocean view was gorgeous; furnsihings were comfortable. Our six men enjoyed the ping pong table. The beach was sunny and uncrowded every day, and we could not have asked for a better vacation.


text:
WTF @ TFW – 330 – November 14 2014
Click to proceed to the podcast page!
Aaron makes a horrifying discovery, and Vangelus and TJ can do little to save him from its ramifications.
Vangelus Review 249 – Transformers Generations Brainstorm
Vangelus Review 248 – Microblaze Creations MBC002 Military Titans
WTF @ TFW – 329 – November 7 2014
Click to proceed to the podcast page!
Dig it yoh. Seth and V-Money got words to spit on the TFcon Chicago debrief, some concept artwork, and MTG Magic The Gathering.
WTF @ TFW – 328 – November 1 2014
Click to proceed to the podcast page!
As Florida literally melts down over Skype, Aaron and Vangelus talk some TFcon Third Party Panel, hold the fort, and hammer an anchor into the floor to keep TJ Omega from flying away.
V-Build 58 – Construct-bots Dinobot Warriors Lockdown & Drift
WTF @ TFW – 327 – TFcon USA 2014 – October 26 2014
Click to proceed to the podcast page!
It's a 2-part Sunday podcast adventure from TFcon USA in Chicago Illin' Noizey! First, we visit the tail end of Aaron's 24-hour Extra Life gaming marathon, before heading straight into the WTF@TFW live recording panel that finished off the show.
Click to proceed to the podcast page!
After the convention came to a close, and dinners were eaten, and drinks were drunk, Vangelus and Aaron sat down with Rik Alverez and professional crew of onlookers to talk Play With This Too and other professional things.


text:
TBIN Training Level 1B (Non-Housing Class)
Tampa Bay Information Network (TBIN)
Monday, May 19, 2014 from 1:00 PM to 5:00 PM (EDT)
Clearwater, United States
Who's Going
Loading your connections...
3 of your friends are going. Share it to get more people on board! Share
Sara Haughty
San Francisco, California
San Francisco, California
Luke Picard
London, United Kingdom
London, United Kingdom
Rick Vespucio
Florence, Italy
Florence, Italy
Event Details
This class is a TBIN basic data entry class for non-housing providers. This class will NOT teach how to enter clients into a bed. This class will teach the data entry process, the proper way to enter needs, referrals, and services, and briefly discuss dashboard tools to track up-coming client deadlines.
Have questions about TBIN Training Level 1B (Non-Housing Class)? Contact Tampa Bay Information Network (TBIN)
When & Where
Room 181
14155 58th Street North
Monday, May 19, 2014 from 1:00 PM to 5:00 PM (EDT)
Add to my calendar


text:
Ask Search Post
Best Match
Dogs and Puppies for Sale and Adoption(1 - 15 of 163,516)
$1,200 AKC Spectacular MalteseMaltese · Highland Park, IL***Raising absolutely superior, gorgeous, and "tops in personality" AKC Maltese for 38 years! I ONLY raise Maltese! Little boys are $1200...Roberta B. · 18 hours ago
$1,200 AKC Spectacular Maltese PuppiesMaltese · Highland Park, IL*** Raising exquisite AKC Maltese for 38 years! Little guys are $1200.00 and little gals are $1450.00. I am now in my EIGHTH generation o...Roberta B. · 18 hours ago
$1,200 Smooth coat females Honey the fawn/white Chihuahua & Coco The Tricolored BrownChihuahua · Fort Worth, TXAKC Texas Diva Chihuahuas Fort Worth, Texas We specialize in the smallest of Chihuahua puppies of all colors, with both long and smooth...AKC Texas Diva Chihuahuas · 21 hours ago
Yorkshire Terrier PuppiesYorkshire Terrier · Houston, TXAre you looking for a purebred Yorkshire Terrier puppies? I have 4 male and 3 females. They were born on August 6, 2014 thorough Septembe...Pet City Houston · 11 hours ago
$600 Pug puppiesPug · Chula Vista, CApug puppies for sale, 4 males and one female dewormed and got their first vaccine, they are very beautiful, if interested text or call me...Angel T. · 10 hours ago
$800 Akc Yorkie PuppiesYorkshire Terrier · Bellaire, OHAKC Yorkie Puppies. Raised in our home as part of the family. There are three little boys. All vaccines UTD, wormed, dewclaws removed, ta...Dianne M. · 3 hours ago
$500 ! Solid reg English Bulldog pups seeking new homesBulldog · Dallas, TX… . Contact me if interested at 8-0-6-4-1-0-1-3-5-9Benadeth J. · 3 hours ago
$410 X-mas Well Trained Purebred, Papered Yorkie puppiesYorkshire Terrier · Edgerton, WIWell Trained Purebred, Papered Yorkie puppies ready for their forever, loving home! They are 11 weeks old. Both parents AKC and CKC. Mom ...Dawn Y. · 5 hours ago
$500 Joyful joy bueatyFrench Bulldog · Hattiesburg, MSWe have blue french bulldog pups ready now please call sarah at ( 5 0 3 ) 6 6 2 - 1 5 3 0 .Selina F. · 5 hours ago
$550 pomeranian puppyPomeranian · West Grove, IAvery friendly with lot of comapnionship, curious and healthy. text: (502) 208-7557Cally J. · 6 hours ago
$500 uueuendnd c Male and Female Pomeranian Puppies for salePomeranian · Commack, NY… , call or text me your email address on 541249-5886Kevin A. · 7 hours ago
$350 Sweet little Shih-TzuShih-Tzu · Charlotte, NC6 weeks, full blooded Shih-Tzu puppies 3 boys 300$ ,2 girls,350$ Already started on pee pad training, comes w 1st shots and wormed. sweet...caninesbycody · 7 hours ago
$450 Pair of Chihuahua Needing a New HomeChihuahua · Dockweiler, CAThey get along perfectly with kids and other animals and also have their shots UTD and comes with toys and food. text (five 8 seven- 77fo...Marketplace User · 3 hours ago
$550 Beagle Puppy (Female)Beagle · Tucson, AZI have a beautiful female Beagle puppy. She has all her current shots, worming's, and microchip. She is eating hard food. Puppy is 12 wee...THE PAW PALACE · 8 hours ago
$800 AKC Yorkshire TerrierYorkshire Terrier · Vineland, NJ12 week old Male Yorkie looking for his forever home. Dew claw removed, tail cropped, vet checked, up to date on shots. Health certificat...Yorkie Central ·1 listing · 7 hours ago
Find Listings on Oodle Marketplace Baltimore Dogs | Cincinnati Dogs | Colorado Springs Dogs | Dallas Dogs | Denver Dogs | Detroit Dogs | Fort Myers Dogs | Fresno Dogs | Grand Rapids Dogs | Indianapolis Dogs | Orlando Dogs | Phoenix Dogs | Sarasota Dogs | Winter Haven Dogs | Woodbridge Dogs. Oodle Marketplace is a great place to find used cars, used motorcycles, used RVs, used boats, apartments for rent, homes for sale, job listings, and local businesses.
Safety Tips
Safety Tips
- Meet the seller and pet in person
- Don't wire money or take advance payments.
- Only pay for shipping if you know the seller.
To learn more, visit the Safety Center. Report suspicious listings by clicking on .


text:
OC3D Reviews ›› All
Arctic Cooling Accelero S2 - Passive Graphics Cooler
Cases & Cooling | 21st May 2007
Arctic Cooling have long been the giants the graphics card air cooling and their latest set of coolers are passive, adorned with heatpipes and rather large...we take a look...
nVidia 8600 GTS and 8600 GT - Foxconn and XFX
GPU & Displays | 18th May 2007
With the release of the 8600 series nVidia gives consumers some mid-range DX10 hardware to play with. We take a look at some cards from XFX and Foxconn
Silver Power GuardianX 1000w SP-1000E ATX PSU
PSUs | 16th May 2007
Just over a week ago we took a look at the impressive Silver Power 600w unit, and guess what - they're back again! But this time with a power supply packing far more punch...
OC3D Articles ›› All
Intel delays desktop Broadwell-E until 2016
Mark Campbell | 21st October 2014
Intel has decided to delay mass production of its next-generation Broadwell-E CPU to Q1 2016.
Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Minimum Requirements
James Sinclair | 21st October 2014
PC Requirements are revealed for CoD:Advanced Warfare
Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor to get free DLC
James Sinclair | 21st October 2014
Free DLC for Shadow of Mordor offered by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment...
Be Quiet Pure Rock Cooler
Mark Campbell | 21st October 2014
Be Quiet introduces its first entry level cooler the Pure Rock CPU cooler.
Mushkin HP2-6400 (PC2-6400) 4GB DDR2 Kit
Memory | 13th May 2007
With 2gb becoming more of the 'norm', many people are looking into 4GB kits to satisfy their memory hungry games and applications. Today we look at Mushkin's 4GB PC2-6400 kit to see how it performs.
Razer Deathadder 1800dpi Gaming Mouse
Input Devices | 11th May 2007
Today we put Razer's latest mouse: the Deathadder in the hands of our very own professional gamer - Chris "Ins" Buer. How does it perform compared to some of Razer's previous mice? Read on to find out...
Pioneer DVR-112 DVD-RW Drive
Storage | 10th May 2007
Today I'll be looking at a top of the line DVD-RW drive from Pioneer. The DVR-112. Take a look inside to see how it fairs.
SwiftTech Apogee GT CPU Water Block
Cases & Cooling | 8th May 2007
SwiftTech are very well known in the world of water-cooling. The Apogee was a great performer at an awesome price when it came out. We take a look at the newer revision - the Apogee GT and see how it stacks up
EK-FC8800 GTS Full Cover Waterblock
Cases & Cooling | 7th May 2007
Today we give EK WaterBlocks' EK-FC8800 GTS full cover GPU block a workout in the OC3D Labs. How will it perform against some stiff opposition? Feel free to read on and see how it fares.
Developer threatens to kill Gabe Newell
Mark Campbell | 21st October 2014
Indie First-Person Shooter Removed From Steam After Developer Threatens to kill Gabe Newell.
GLOBALFOUNDRIES To Acquire IBM's Microelectronics Business
Mark Campbell | 20th October 2014
IBM and GLOBALFOUNDRIES (GF) today announced that they have signed a Definitive Agreement under which GF plans to acquire IBM's semiconductor technology business.
Unreal Engine 4.5 Released
Mark Campbell | 20th October 2014
Unreal Engine 4.5 has been released with the addition of Ray Traced Soft Shadows and other improvements.
Information on AMD's Zen CPU Architecture
Mark Campbell | 18th October 2014
AMD's Zen CPU architecture should be coming in 2016, here is what we know so far.
TSMC postpones mass production of 16nm until Q2 2015
Mark Campbell | 18th October 2014
TSMC has gave an update regarding their 16nm process, it is delayed until Q2 2015.
Lian Li Announces the PC-T80 Test Bench
Mark Campbell | 17th October 2014
Lian-Li Industrial Co. Ltd, today announces the brushed aluminum PC-T80 DIY Test bench.


text:
(Watch for this symbol.)
Visitors may Access 20 Virtual Tours by scanning QR symbols with their smartphone or tablet.
Details and samples.
Visit Us for Fun and Learning
Make an online contribution to the Friends of the Railroad Museum at your convenience at ExtraGive.org, any time in the 24-hour period, beginning at 12:00 midnight through 11:59 p.m. on Friday, November 21. This will give us an extra boost!
Our Smartphone Website
Museum welcomes new Director Jeffrey Bliemeister.
Visit our online store! Hundreds of Items!
Lots of sale items.


text:
Photos by Scott Petersen
On Tuesday the UFC announced that Nik Lentz and Thiago Tavares will face off at UFC Fight Night 60 in a 145-pound affair.
The previously planned Feb. 28 UFC event in London
The derailed fight between top flyweight contenders Ian McCall
As he prepares to challenge UFC middleweight champion Chris
guillard is getting all gansta about it. this is going to be a great fight


text:
Thorn House Rental Photos and Description
Villa, 4 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, (Sleeps 8)
The Comfortships are located on broad wharfs spread out over the Comfortparc. All water villas are very luxurious and fully furnished with flat screen, American refrigerator and internet connection. There are three decks in total. There is a wonderful sun deck on the top deck. You have a floating terrace by your lounge area and the option for mooring an extra boat. This may be your boat, or you can hire one. And here comes the best part: if you want to do something different, you can hire a skipper for a day and cruise in your water villa to various beautiful locations. An ideal accommodation for those who want something different.
Classification: Ground floor: (Hall, Livingroom(TV), Open plan kitchen(combi microwave, dishwasher, fridge freezer), Bedroom(Double bed), Bedroom(Double bed), Bathroom(bath or shower, washbasin, toilet), Bathroom(bath or shower, washbasin, toilet), jetty, Cot(on request), high chair(on request))
Basement: (Bedroom(Double bed), Bedroom(Double bed))
heating(central), patio, patio, garden furniture
These costs are charged on site. They are not included in the rental price.:
Deposit; € 250 (Deposit fee to be payed on the spot using a one-off standing order)
Cleaning; Mandatory: € 60
Pets; Not allowed
Bed linen; Required to rent per packet, € 12 p.p./Stay
Bath towels; Included in the price when you rent a linen package
Kitchen linen; Included
Electricity; € 10/night
Gas/Oil; Included
Wifi; Free
Tourist tax; Mandatory, € 1 /person/night
Park costs; Mandatory € 22,50 /stay
- Suitability:
- pets not allowed