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Commons News
ccNewsletter: Campaign Launches! Become a CC Superhero!
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Our annual fundraising campaign has launched! Help us reach our $550,000 goal!
Creative Commons is recruiting a legion of superheroes to help us raise money for our fall fundraising campaign. We already have an all-star team of leaders in education, science, and entertainment who are sharing their stories and advocating for openness on the web and beyond. They include Neeru Khosla, founder of CK12 Foundation and champion of open education; Salvatore Mele and Jens Vigen, pioneering open access to physics data from CERN and the Large Hadron Collider; writer Robin Sloan; and open video advocate Elizabeth Stark. Join the legion of Creative Commons Superheroes. Donate today.
Neeru Khosla, Creative Commons Superhero
Textbooks are like dinosaurs: clunky, archaic, and not readily available. That's why Neeru Khosla founded CK12 Foundation, a non-profit dedicated to lowering the cost of educational materials and making them more freely accessible around the world. Khosla recruited teachers from all over America to help write CK12 textbooks and published all the material under Creative Commons licenses.
By August 2009, she had a complete repertoire of original high school science, engineering, and math course materials available on her web site. "We distributed it online so that anybody could use it," she says. "If you can access the Internet, you can download as much of the book as you need." Khosla also encourages the remixing of educational materials — instead of schlepping through pedantic chapters of a heavyweight hardcover, she wants teachers to have the freedom to mix, match, and redesign content and build on what teachers from prior years may have left behind. "Too often I've seen teachers leave the institution, forcing the next teacher to start fresh. If you want to customize content and mix and match content, an open model makes much more sense than having copyrighted material." Join Khosla in the legion of CC Superheroes. Donate today.
In other news:
Esther Wojcicki, an award-winning teacher, is CC's new board Vice Chair and will focus on openness and innovation in learning and education. Read the full story.
The US Department of Education released an official guide to how open educational resources (OER) can improve teaching and learning in higher education. Read the full story.
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CC Talks With: Student PIRGs' Nicole Allen: Open Education and Policy
At the beginning of this year we announced a revised approach to our education plans, focusing our activities to support of the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement. In order to do so we have worked hard to increase the amount of information available on our own site – in addition to an Education landing page and the OER portal explaining Creative Commons' role as legal and technical infrastructure supporting OER, we have been conducting a series of interviews to help clarify some of the challenges and opportunities of OER in today's education landscape.
One major venue for the advancement of OER is through policy change at the local, state, federal, and international levels. Nicole Allen is the Student Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) Campaign Director for Make Textbooks Affordable. In our interview, Nicole discussed the Student PIRGs approach to advocacy and education with regard to open textbooks, their latest report on college textbook affordability, and the necessary role of CC and related groups to raise awareness about open licensing in the academic community.
Can you briefly describe the history of your involvement in Student PIRGs and the Make Textbooks Affordable campaign?
Nicole Allen / CC BY
As a lifelong environmental activist, I originally got involved with the PIRGs in college on a campaign to stop water pollution. But I was compelled to make higher education advocacy my career after Congress cut $12 billion federal student aid to pay for tax cuts for the wealthy during my senior year. I first worked as an organizer with WashPIRG (the "PIRG" in Washington state), and after passing a state law mandating textbook price disclosure, I took over as head of the Student PIRGs' Make Textbooks Affordable campaign in 2007. Since then, I have worked with students across the country to run the campaign and conducted research and advocacy at the federal level (including work on legislation that reversed the cuts to student aid!).
The Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) passed in 2008, and a provision relating to textbook affordability and access to pricing information recently went into effect. Furthermore, bills supporting the development of open textbooks have been introduced in both the House and Senate. What would you say are the primary characteristics of an open textbook? How does the Make Textbooks Affordable campaign relate to open education?
We're excited how rapidly open textbooks are gaining momentum, and the HEOA price disclosure law will help accelerate the pace. When we talk about open textbooks, we mean college texts that have been published online under an open license that allows free digital access, low-cost printing and customization by instructors. In most ways, open textbooks are quite similar to the texts seen on bookshelves today – they have a table of contents, exercises, and they're written by expert authors. In most cases, they even can be printed to look exactly like any other textbook. The big difference is the open license, which enables a wide variety of affordable textbook formats, including free web-based versions, printable PDFs, and printed and bound hard copies for $20-40 (traditional textbooks usually cost $100-200!). Increasingly, more innovative formats such as audio and e-reader versions are becoming available. Another notable difference is that open textbooks can be customized. Instructors can remove the chapters they don't plan to cover, or they can add in other materials, homework questions or annotations.
Our goal is to get more open textbooks adopted in place of expensive traditional textbooks, so we think of ourselves as part of the "transition team" for open education. We're getting more professors to use OER as textbooks, the format they feel most comfortable with, which will pave the way for future exploration of more innovative forms of open course materials. So far, it's been going well. Since 2008, we've generated more than 2,500 signatures on a faculty Statement of Intent to consider using open textbooks and more than 500 news stories citing open textbooks as a potential solution. Early this year, we launched a student marketing force consisting of hundreds of grassroots activists on a mission to promote the top open textbooks directly to professors. Already, at least 50 professors we've contacted have switched to open textbooks, and we hope to continue this trend throughout the rest of the school year.
The textbook publisher Flat World Knowledge offers free online access to textbooks under a Creative Commons license, and charges a modest amount for printed copies and supplemental materials. What are some things to consider to ensure the sustainability of such new publishing models? What are some of the primary benefits for professors and students in using open textbooks?
Our experience in the field has been that many professors are concerned that students fall behind on reading and homework because they haven't purchased the text (it's true – our recent study found that about 10% of any given class hasn't bought the book). Furthermore, professors are frustrated that publishers unnecessarily revise textbooks to undermine used book sales, creating extra work to keep syllabi and homework questions up to date. Open textbooks offer relief from both of these problems, because the text is accessible free online or at a low-cost in print, and it always remains open even if a new edition comes out. Open textbooks also offer the increasingly attractive benefit of customization, so that instructors can tailor the text to their class.
The benefits for students are obvious. Our latest report, A Cover to Cover Solution: How Open Textbooks Are The Path To Textbook Affordability, found that using open textbooks could reduce costs 80% – that's $184 per year, compared to the current average of $900! But cost isn't the only advantage. In our survey, student preferences were split 75% for print and 25% for digital, and two out of five said they'd be comfortable using both. Students listed readability, convenience and cost as their top factors in choosing a format, although there was no consensus on which format represented these qualities best. Given such variance in student preferences, open textbooks are a far more effective solution than conventional options like rentals and e-books, since students can choose from a wide variety of affordable options.
This raises an important question: if open textbooks are free online, why would students buy anything at all? Actually, our research shows that students are willing to purchase formats they value even in the presence of a free alternative: more than half of the students we surveyed said they would rather buy a reasonably priced print copy than use the book free online. Student spending on optional products could be the foundation of sustainable models, such as the model used by Flat World Knowledge.
College professors want to use the best textbook available, regardless of price. The Making Textbooks Affordable campaign supports the adoption and use of open textbooks, and encourages faculty to sign a statement indicating their intent "to include open textbooks in their search for the most appropriate course materials, and declare declare their preference to adopt an open textbook in place of an expensive, commercial textbook, if the open textbook is the best option." What can the OER community do to make it easier for faculty to discover and adopt open textbooks? How do we continue to address the issue of quality?
Open textbooks are available for dozens of common college subjects, but the challenge is making professors aware of them. Despite nearly universal willingness to consider more affordable options, we've found that instructors typically hear about textbooks through publisher marketing efforts, not by seeking books out themselves. Therefore, simply posting open textbooks online is not enough; they need active promotion. We encourage the rest of the open education community to join our efforts to get the word out to professors.
As for quality, I think the issue is different for open textbooks than other OER. Quality is inherently subjective, so it is challenging to establish on a large scale. However, there is already a notion of what is "high quality" for traditional texts, so it's less abstract for open textbooks. Since most of today's professors will use traditional standards, creating high quality textbooks is a matter of developing models that can emulate (and hopefully improve upon) the outcomes of traditional peer review and classroom testing. Great examples are Flat World Knowledge, which follows the standard publishing process to the letter, and Writing Spaces, which uses a peer review system similar to scholarly journals. Likewise, demonstrating quality is a matter of vetting books with respect to traditional textbooks through institutions, organizations and adopters. For example, both College Open Textbooks and our own Open Textbook Catalog offer editorial reviews of open textbooks. Traditional concepts like publisher branding and author reputation are important too.
How do you see the role of Creative Commons within the open textbook and open education? How can CC help?
Open licensing is the essence OER. It gives authors the confidence to grant worldwide access to their works while still reserving some of their rights. It enables instructors to customize and expand OER to better meet student needs. And it allows students to choose from a wide range of affordable textbook formats. We are grateful to Creative Commons for everything it has done already to create, promote and defend open licenses.
Sharing and customizing course materials (legally) is a foreign concept in academe. We can gloss over the details in the short term by emphasizing affordability, but a deeper understanding of open licensing will be necessary to broaden the use of OER beyond open textbooks. Therefore, we encourage CC to expand its educational and awareness efforts in the academic community, particularly among faculty.
Wrapping up, what does a successful teaching and learning environment implementing the power of OER "look like"? Do you have any lingering thoughts — worries, hopes, predictions?
I think we've only begun to scratch the surface of OER's potential to transform teaching and learning. Although the pedagogical benefits are virtually limitless, we come from the consumer perspective. To us, OER means choice, and the ideal learning environment is one where students can take part in shaping their own experience as the "consumers" of higher education.
As for the future, I think the next few years are going to be a turning point. On one hand, we have the growing momentum of open textbooks and other OER. On the other, we have the traditional publishing industry, which has begun to diversify its offerings to include e-books, e-readers and even programs that imitate OER in a non-open environment like DynamicBooks and Create. It is imperative that the open education community help open textbooks gain a foothold before the market settles for less effective solutions. To do that, we need to call on government, foundations and institutions to fund the supply-side, and we need to fuel demand by actively promoting open textbook adoption.3 Comments »
Gates Foundation announces $20M for Next Generation Learning Challenges; CC BY required for grant materials
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has announced a $20M investment in the Next Generation Learning Challenges, an initiative to improve college readiness and completion through technology. The first request for proposals (RFP) was released today (PDF). The RFP specifically solicits proposals that address the following challenges:
- Increasing the use of blended learning models, which combine face-to-face instruction with online learning activities.
- Deepening students' learning and engagement through use of interactive applications, such as digital games, interactive video, immersive simulations, and social media.
- Supporting the availability of high-quality open courseware, particularly for high-enrollment introductory classes like math, science, and English, which often have low rates of student success.
- Helping institutions, instructors, and students benefit from learning analytics which can monitor student progress in real-time and customize proven supports and interventions.
The RFP lays out the grant guidelines with regard to open licensing, and requires the use of CC BY:
So that the knowledge gained during NGLC-funded projects is promptly and broadly disseminated, all documents, written materials, and other content submitted to EDUCAUSE during the period of Grantee's NGLC grant application and grant (e.g., website postings, pre-proposals, proposals, findings, and information generated by Grantee) will be made available to the community under a Creative Commons Attribution license. In addition, all open educational resources and related work product (manuals, integration formats, hosting environments, faculty development guides, or curricula, etc.) created in connection with the Open Interactive Core Courseware challenge must be made available under this license.
Adopting CC BY is precisely aligned with the overarching goals of foundation funding and initiatives such as the Next Generation Learning Challenges. Last year, the Berkman Center's study on foundation copyright licensing policies said that open licensing "ensures[s] the broadest and fastest dissemination of the valuable ideas, practices, works, software code and other materials the foundation's funding helps to create." That report went on to suggest that the impact of funding is even greater when permissive licenses (such as CC BY) are applied, allowing the resources "to be freely tested, translated, combined, remixed, repurposed or otherwise built upon, potentially by many subsequent researchers, authors, artists or other creators anywhere in the world, as the basis for new innovation, discovery or creation."
Proposals for the first RFP are due November 17, 2010. The Next Generation Learning Challenges are a collaboration between several organizations, including the Gates Foundation, EDUCAUSE, iNACOL, CCSSO, The Hewlett Foundation, and The League for Innovation in the Community College. Congratulations to the Gates Foundation and partnering organizations on this fantastic effort.2 Comments »
Improving Access to the Public Domain: the Public Domain Mark
Today, Creative Commons announces the release of its Public Domain Mark, a tool that enables works free of known copyright restrictions to be labeled in a way that allows them to be easily discovered over the Internet. The Public Domain Mark, to be used for marking works already free of copyright, complements Creative Commons' CC0 public domain dedication, which enables authors to relinquish their rights prior to the expiration of copyright.
"The Public Domain Mark is a further step on the path towards making the promise of a digital public domain a reality," said Michael Carroll, a founding board member of Creative Commons and a law professor at American University.
Europeana—Europe's digital library, museum and archive—is the first major adopter of the Public Domain Mark. Europeana estimates that by mid-2011, the Public Domain Mark will be used in connection with millions of out-of-copyright works made available through its portal.
"An important part of our mandate is to ensure that digitized works made available through Europeana are properly labeled with rights information, including when a work is free of known copyright restrictions so that teachers, students and others can freely use it in their work, changing it and remixing it as they wish," noted Jill Cousins, Executive Director of Europeana.
The Public Domain Mark in its current form is intended for use with works that are free of known copyright around the world, primarily old works that are beyond the reach of copyright in all jurisdictions. We have already started mapping the next phases of our public domain work, which will look at ways to identify and mark works that are in the public domain in a limited number of countries.
A final note about design. We took this opportunity to revise the CC0 deed, to align it more closely with the Public Domain Mark deed. We think the design changes will help everyone recognize the difference between our licenses, which apply to works restricted by copyright, and our public domain tools.
For more information, read the full press release.14 Comments »
On CBC podcasts and CC-licensed music available for commercial use
On Friday, Michael Geist broke the story that the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation had apparently banned use of CC-licensed music in its podcasts. This seemed odd, given that the CBC's Spark podcast has long used, promoted, and done interesting projects with CC-licensed music.
It is always gratifying to see CC supporters (superheroes even!) quickly respond — see stories on Boing Boing, Slashdot, and Techdirt.
CBC Radio's program director responded with a comment on several of those stories, excerpted here:
The issue with our use of Creative Commons music is that a lot of our content is readily available on a multitude of platforms, some of which are deemed to be "commercial" in nature (e.g. streaming with pre-roll ads, or pay for download on iTunes) and currently the vast majority of the music available under a Creative Commons license prohibits commercial use.
In order to ensure that we continue to be in line with current Canadian copyright laws, and given the lack of a wide range of music that has a Creative Commons license allowing for commercial use, we made a decision to use music from our production library in our podcasts as this music has the proper usage rights attached.
Everyone can rest easy– there are no "groups" setting out to stop the use of Creative Commons music at the CBC, and we will continue to use Creative Commons licensed music, pictures etc. across a number of our non-commercial platforms.
It is good to know that the CBC will continue to use CC-licensed works in some cases, and their explanation of why not in others. And it is true that only a minority of CC-licensed music is released under a license that permits commercial use — for example, about 26% of the nearly 40,000 CC-licensed albums on Jamendo.
However, as Michael Geist, Cory Doctorow, and many others have subsequently pointed out, CC-licensed music that does permit commercial use ought be allowed. Geist:
A better approach – one that respects the choices of both artist and producer – would be to require that programs only use music with the appropriate rights, which could include some CC licenced music.
Bigger picture: finding, sharing, and supporting music under CC licenses permitting commercial use
Hopefully the CBC will listen to the feedback of Geist, Doctorow (both Canadians, as it happens), and others. However, the incident is a good reminder of the opportunity for music under CC licenses permitting commercial use, sites and curators that facilitate finding and sharing such music — including letting people know about the many that do exist.
(Note that many musicians have chosen to release music with CC licenses containing the NonCommercial term with good reason; this post is meant to point out the opportunity for others, not a critique of those who have chosen to limit commercial use.)
Jamendo may host the largest current collection of CC-licensed music permitting commercial use. See (and contribute to) our wiki article with tips on finding commercially usable CC-licensed music for much more at sites ranging SoundCloud to Wikimedia Commons to Libre.fm.
If you're an artist with experience sharing music, including for commercial purposes permitted under an appropriate CC license, or the developer of a site or other service for discovering, distributing, supporting such music, or otherwise add to this ecosystem, please let us know — and thank you!6 Comments »
In "The New Sharing Economy" CC is the norm
At the beginning of summer, many of you told us how much you share in a survey for Shareable Magazine. The results of that survey have been translated into a study of "The New Sharing Economy" by Shareable and Latitude Research. Visually, the study features nifty diagrams depicting what we share the most and how sharing has evolved over time. Substantively, "The New Sharing Economy" reveals some encouraging trends, such as that sharing in the virtual world makes people more comfortable with the idea of sharing in the physical world (in fact everyone in the study who shared online also shared offline), and that most of these people believe they will partake in even greater corporeal sharing in the next five years.
But the most encouraging trend the study revealed was that Creative Commons is playing a huge infrastructural role in this new sharing economy—that CC is, in fact, daily saving the world from failed sharing:
"Of those who share information and media online, approximately 2 in 3
participants use other people's creations licensed under Creative Commons."
The benefits of Creative Commons are often difficult to see, as a functioning system is only ever noticed when it fails. But as sharing only increases over time, both on- and offline, you can be sure that CC superheroes are at work behind the scenes slashing through the red tape, identifying and fixing the bugs, opening closed systems, implementing better policies, educating the public, and generally making sure things are running smoothly so that the web can continue to grow. Because the majority of study participants also connected sharing with being "better for the environment," "saving money," and being "good for society"—all stuff which, it turns out, CC is quietly helping us to do.
The study is available under CC BY-NC-ND. To learn more, check out Shareable's post, and please consider joining us in the fight for openness and innovation.Comments Off
Join the Legion of CC Superheroes!
Imagine a world where knowledge flows freely and can be built upon without limits. Imagine a world where culture, art and media are available to everyone, scientific content is shared by corporations and research institutions, and shared intelligence augments human rights efforts across borders.
A legion of Creative Commons (CC) Superheroes is already at work, using our amazing tools to save people from failed sharing all over the planet. GlaxoSmithKline, a major pharmaceutical company, recently released its entire malarial data set using CC tools, speeding the urgent search for new medicines to tackle the devastating disease. Online communities at Flickr, SoundCloud, and Vimeo are making creative works available for anyone in the world to use freely and legally through license adoption. Publisher Pratham Books has begun to CC license more and more of the textbooks it provides to 14 million children in India, lifting them from a future of poverty and miseducation. When the earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010, Google and Wired used CC tools to keep information widely available to relief workers, journalists, and governments worldwide.
Our challenge ahead is to join forces with this legion of CC Superheroes to fight the forces that don't want an open web, or do not understand that sharing is a good thing. This fall, we're recruiting a team of CC Superheroes to lead the world in the fight for creativity and innovation. We need to raise $550,000 by the end of the year to power up and support the work we're doing. As a superhero, your role will be to donate, spread the word, and fundraise on our behalf. As an existing supporter of CC, you already believe that a sharing world is a good world. You have fueled our work and kept us going strong, and we thank you for that. It will take nothing short of a superhero's strength to get us to where we need to go.
Join us in this fight for a free world — donate today.Comments Off
Investigating CC's welfare impact, the first step
CC has recently started thinking more rigorously about its contribution to the world. See the first post in this series for an introduction.
Alright. So a few months back, on my second day at CC, I sat excitedly at a CC desk, opened a new document, and expected myself to outline a general plan for the impact project. Nothing happened. And you can trust me, I was really aching to begin, since by the second, I could see with increasingly radiant lucidity that this project could potentially pave the way for a brand new field of thought, crucially important in terms of the impacts that it can instantiate. After all, a rigorous analysis of the value contribution could expose how effective collaboration and sharing is, and how distinctly important it is to promote it. This in turn could strengthen the creative capacity of the creative communities, on their artists, scientists, educators, learners, content generators, readers through the auxiliary platforms, providing technical and legal assistance.
But I am babbling. The point is that I very much wanted to start, but that found it very difficult. The roadblock, I came to realize, was that I had an essential primary step before me, which was to offer an initial description of the CC enterprise, one which would be manageable enough for effective evaluation. CC, after all, is a varied enterprise, which operates on many levels to promote its goal of promoting the creative commons. Where the analyst really starts sweating, is the point it becomes clear to her that on each level, CC contributes to welfare in a way that must be taken into account, and that these levels are inextricably interrelated. Or in other words, the contribution on one level, promotes the contribution stemming from the others and so on and so forth.
So after carefully analyzing what CC actually does, I came up with a three-part categorization of the range of CC activities. This categorization is based on size really, and I came up with it thinking about what CC does through a contribution lens. First, I thought that every time someone uses a CC-tool, a license or a mark, a range of advantages, potential and actual, is being accrued. Then, I thought that the support of a platform of tools creates a set of advantages, potential and actual, in its own stead and on a slightly higher level. Second, I thought that CC, by its very existence as an institution is promoting a set of advantages on a more macro level, by virtue of offering institutional support. Thirdly, it seemed to me that there is a way by which CC is operating as a pure power in the even higher space of how cultural enterprises take place, trying to nurture the existing motivations to share and to collaborate into standard practices in each of the communities which it supports.
To recap, what I am offering is to think of CC as an enterprise operating on three separate spheres, each with its distinct, although definitely not independent, value contribution. The first is the contribution to transactions between actors in the creative fields, the second is the institutional contribution and the third is the contribution in the normative field.
The idea is that this can serve as the baseline for analysis, a fundamental categorization which lends itself to further sub-categorization, by field, by activity, by actor and by CC tool, but that doesn't lose track of the way all of these tie into the one primary goal.
To say just a little bit more about each:
1. transactional contribution
The transactional contribution: the fields in which CC operates are fields where many actors of many different types are operating. The ability of these actors to collaborate is, therefore, very sensitive to costs of search, of recognition and of cooperation. CC, by offering a range of legal and technical tools, is equipping these actors with legal and technical capacities to reduce these costs substantially. In some cases, the reduction is so meaningful as to permit an enterprise to take place, and in other cases, it just makes it better. Relatedly, the availability of tools and platforms might promote the introduction of new entrants to the fields, which in turn varies and augments the range of collaborative enterprises of all types. Under this proposed analysis, CC's transational contribution ranges between micro advantages created by each usage of the tool, and a slightly higher level contribution which is instantiated through the existence of the full platform of tools.
2. institutional contribution
Many Economists have pointed out that the efficiency of modern markets is promoted by the existence of a stable and certain legal framework. CC is clearly operating within the Intellectual Property framework to enhance it, relying on its own institutional framework, in a way that facilitates the optimization of social production markets.
3. norm contribution
As an organization, which is active in the space of creation and its regulation, CC influences it by weighing in on the evolution of its norms. There is a distinct difference between this and the other two spheres of contribution; What through the lens of the other two spheres appears as an independent factor existing as the environment to which CC sets itself to contribute to, is under the third pillar the actual target that it sets out to influence.
Again, this is not to say that when it comes to value creation these categories are clear-cut. In fact, there are constant cross-influences between the spheres of operation which impacts greatly CC's contribution under each. For example, a shift in the norm space directly influences the extent of the reliance on the CC institution in the different social markets, and the ensuing benefits that can be derived through usage of each CC tool. In addition, an institutional move increasing the certainty of the collaborative legal Intellectual Property environment increases the benefits stemming from each usage of a CC tool, and in turn facilitates a normative move in the direction of a tighter community of cultural actors inside the different fields. I could go on and on.
Still, the fact that the value areas are co-dependent does not suggest that the categorization is faulty nor that it is ineffective. Instead, interdependency is the attribute of a clear goal which is being pursued using more than one strategy. Yet importantly, there is nothing mandatory or essential about this categorization. In fact, it is just one out of numerous possible ones. What speaks in its favor is its clarity and the fact that economic analysis has developed to analyze contribution of each type, micro-transactional, transactional and institutional at least, if not the contribution of changes in the normative playing-field.
However–and this is important–this categorization may not be the most effective for value analysis. There definitely can be other categorizations, ones that may be more true to the depiction of the CC enterprise, and that may even be more prone for evaluation. In other words, if you have any thoughts, please share them with us–having us all think about this is part of the point.Comments Off
Hal Plotkin Releases Free to Learn: An Open Educational Resources Policy Development Guidebook for Community College Governance Officials
Yesterday Hal Plotkin announced the release of Free to Learn: An Open Educational Resources Policy Development Guidebook for Community College Governance Officials. The guide explains how the flexibility and diversity of Open Educational Resources (OER) can improve teaching and learning in higher education, all while retaining quality and enabling resource sharing and collaboration. Free to Learn features case studies and highlights several interviews with leaders of the OER community. The document suggests that community colleges are uniquely positioned to both take advantage of OER opportunities and to become pioneers in teaching through the creative and cost-effective use of OER.
"The tremendous promise of Open Educational Resources for advancing the mission of higher education is clear," said Hal Plotkin, author of Free to Learn. "Higher education governance officials need only summon the will and enact governing board policies that institutionalize support for OER to move these activities from the periphery of higher education to its core, where the results would be truly transformative. We hope that this guide provides a starting point that builds understanding of OER and its incredible potential for transforming teaching and learning."
Plotkin currently serves as Senior Policy Advisor to Under Secretary of Education Martha Kanter at the U.S. Department of Education, and is a longtime supporter of community colleges and Creative Commons. He is the former president of the Foothill-De Anza Community College District Governing Board of Trustees and penned one of the first articles about Creative Commons for SF Gate in 2002.
Catherine Casserly, Vice President for Innovation and Open Networks and Senior Partner at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (and a featured interviewee in Free to Learn) said, "Kudos to Hal for his visionary leadership in recognizing the enormous potential of OER for improving learning opportunities for community college students, and his tireless efforts to spread the word. His unique perspective as a former community college trustee provides the background to speak directly to higher education policy makers."
Free to Learn is released under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, and available at http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Free_to_Learn_Guide. The document will be distributed at the October 5 White House Summit on Community Colleges in Washington, DC. That event "is an opportunity to bring together community colleges, business, philanthropy, federal and state policy leaders, and students to discuss how community colleges can help meet the job training and education needs of the nation's evolving workforce, as well as the critical role these institutions play in achieving the President's goal to lead the world with the highest proportion of college graduates by 2020."
Free to Learn was supported by a grant from The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. Congratulations to Hal on publishing this important, timely document.Comments Off
CC Talks With: The Open University's Patrick McAndrew: Open Education and Policy
At the beginning of this year we announced a revised approach to our education plans, focusing our activities to support of the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement. In order to do so we have worked hard to increase the amount of information available on our own site – in addition to an Education landing page and the OER portal explaining Creative Commons' role as legal and technical infrastructure supporting OER, we have been conducting a series of interviews to help clarify some of the challenges and opportunities of OER in today's education landscape.
One major venue for the advancement of OER is through policy change at the local, state, federal, and international levels. Patrick McAndrew is Associate Director (Learning & Teaching) at The Open University's (OU) Institute of Educational Technology, Co-director of OLnet, the OER Initiative with Carnegie Mellon University, and affiliated with OpenLearn, OU's OER portal. We talked with Patrick about OER research, the use of open social tools for collaboration around OER, and the role of CC as a flexible yet straightforward mechanism for communicating rights.
How did you come to be involved with open education projects? How do the initiatives you work on fit together?
I joined the Open University just over 10 years ago coming into the Institute of Educational Technology. The Open University has just celebrated its 40th anniversary and a key part of the University's approach has always been to innovate in the way we think about helping people learn. In the past these innovations have been in the use of media such as broadcast television and methods to support distance learning; now they often focus on the online connections that can be made. The definition of openness has changed from one which focussed on low barriers to student entry, such as no need for prior qualifications, to allowing much more flexible study and free access. In 2005 we started working with the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation to see if we could release some of our own content, openly and for free. This became OpenLearn, launched in October 2006. Within OpenLearn, not only is open content made available, but it also uses an open learning environment that allows others to contribute. As part of OpenLearn I led a research strand looking at the various impacts OER were having on Open University activities and on users. That research focus has resonated with reflections across the wider OER movement as it matures so that, with Carnegie Mellon University, we are now supported as OLnet by the Hewlett Foundation to gather research findings and evidence across global activity in OER.
Patrick McAndrew, courtesy OER10 / CC BY-SA
Part of what the OLnet project aims to do is establish an evidence base and research framework for the emerging OER field. What are the most valuable research questions to investigate?
We set out in the OLnet proposal issues of design, reach, and the cycle that brings open content into use for learning. These remain key elements, but we have also gone through a process of reflecting on our findings from year one and seeing how the environment has changed. We have expanded the focus areas to policy, design, approaches to learning, the impact of content, and the tools that help support research. Candace Thille (co-director of OLnet) made a very useful observation that we were watching OER move from an end it itself to being a means to an end. The potential impact of openness is significant, so we are paying more attention to the way it can act as a change engine and influence individuals, institutions, and policy. Many of our questions can be phrased in two parts, first as "What is the evidence … ?", such as "What is the evidence that OER can help learning systems change?" The second element is "What conclusions can we draw about …?" This can challenge us as researchers where it is natural to find balancing arguments, but is an important part of helping the future direction for OER. Overlying this is the idea of different contexts, an aspect that OLnet is in a good position to contribute to through its international OLnet Fellows.
The Open University and OLnet develop and champion the use of open social networking and knowledge sharing tools such as Cloudworks and Cohere. What do these open source tools do, and who is the intended audience? How do they support teaching and learning via OER?
For OLnet these tools have come to the fore in helping us carry out and reflect on research in OER. In Cloudworks we have an open social platform that provides a base for discussion, asking questions and supporting events. It has been very effective in giving more impact to what are otherwise local and often transient events. It was developed at The Open University but can be used by anyone, with OLnet's own use being just one strand. Cohere is a Web tool to enhance collaborative learning, sense-making and critical thinking. Cohere helps reasoning and is designed to help us cope with the challenge I mentioned above of drawing some conclusions while also knowing that there are arguments for and against. Cohere allows these situations to be visualised and explored in a collaborative way. In its current state of development, I think it is a tool for researchers, but its usability and the models for its use are developing rapidly. Similar to a previous knowledge mapping tool, Compendium, Cohere could well find a role for learners, especially in presenting arguments. Compendium was released as part of OpenLearn and is now used informally by learners to build connections and also in a simplified version by learners on some of The Open University's own courses.
How do you see the role of Creative Commons within the OER movement? How can CC help?
Creative Commons has helped enormously. At the simplest level in OpenLearn we had originally put aside £100,000 for legal fees in writing a viable licence, none of that was needed as we adopted CC. Having a licence that is accepted across the world matters very much in the education system as people are trying to do the right thing, which can mean a reluctance to use free systems unless they are also clearly open systems. CC makes it easy to be clear. The CC licence also gave us a good way to work with our third party providers – we did not want to just strip out that content, but they also did not want to enable anyone to build a free rival to their content. This was a case where the varied licences of CC helped, in particular the non-commercial clause. Challenges do remain about compatibility though; at one stage it looked like incorporating a variety of licenses would get in the way, but guidance about compatibility and a layer of commonsense is helping. CC assists by tracking the take up in education and has also set up a good area for sharing information about the use of CC in education. OLnet was looking at how to attract such a community, and the presence and impact of CC achieved that for us.
OpenLearn's 2008 research report highlighted a thesis of OER scholar and advocate David Wiley–"the sustainability of OpenLearn will be achieved by making OER part of the normal fabric of the University's business, whether that is around teaching and learning, research and/or business and community engagement activities." How does OpenLearn see its role in relation to the broader Open University?
OpenLearn is being sustained and is continuing now without direct external funding as we increasingly embed and integrate it into the University's way of operating. OpenLearn itself now comprises three related sites, while we also use other channels such as YouTube and specialist sites for very specific OER work. As such OpenLearn has a broader scope around all open media work that encompasses other outward looking activities such as reflecting the research of the University, the links that we have with broadcast television and the very successful use of iTunesU (where incidentally The Open University now has more downloads than any other university). OpenLearn's role through Explore and LearningSpace is primarily as a route to Open University outputs and continues to support the communities around it. But it has another important role as a catalyst for activity involving others. OpenLearn has also been the spark for a range of other major grant funded activities, notably OLnet, SCORE (Support Centre for Open Resources in Education), OPAL (Open Education Quality Initiative), SocialLearn, as well as many other smaller projects linking to OpenLearn's LabSpace.
Wrapping up, what does a successful teaching and learning environment implementing the power of OER "look like"? Do you have any lingering thoughts — worries, hopes, predictions?
The power of OER lies in its openness; this gives it great flexibility so that material that we might release in the Moodle based OpenLearn environment can be used on WordPress or Slideshare or YouTube or whatever. What we do at the moment certainly is helping people–oftentimes some of the most disadvantaged–learn. However, there is a larger opportunity to build an environment that helps to track what people are trying to accomplish in their learning, assist them to link up with others, and share the evidence of their learning. Some of this is being looked at in a companion project, SocialLearn, for use inside The Open University. But again, in an open world we should not be expecting only one solution.
One possible worry is that education will close down around its existing models. However, the world has changed in that there is no controlling interest that can stop open content having an impact in some form. The hope is that the flexibility gained from openness will assist so many projects, as it has with the Teacher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (TESSA), by adopting an "everything in the middle" philosophy to sharing that helps address real needs for education. These sorts of predictions are always difficult. I suppose a fairly safe one is that the Internet will become a stronger base for learning without costs, and that a sense of achievement and advancement can grow alongside a sense of distraction!Comments Off


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PlayStation Store Global Update (US, HK & JP) June 17, 2014
159d ago - Each week Sony brings PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita and PlayStation Portable own... | PS3
MotoGP 14 release date announced
177d ago - Nick Linnell writes: Fans of the MotoGP series of games will be happy to know that developer Mile... | PC
April Playstation Plus (Europe) content (Rumoured)
242d ago - Once again GamePointsNow has had a sneak peek at this months PS+ offerings for Europe and there's... | PS3
MotoGP 13 Compact dated for PS3 and PS Vita
341d ago - MotoGP Compact heading to PS3 and PS Vita early next year. | PS3
Are you bored?
Now - Watch 10 seconds videos about games and game culture at COUB Gaming... | Promoted post
MotoGP 13 Compact coming to PS Vita and PS3
341d ago - Punk and Lizard writes: "MotoGP 13 Compact in Digital Delivery will be available on PlayStation V... | PS3
MotoGP '13 Champions DLC adds 14 legendary riders
378d ago - VVV: "Dubbed as the Champions pack, the DLC adds 14 legendary riders from the past including Dooh... | PC
New DLC Champions for MotoGP 2013
381d ago - Milestone, the largest Italian company engaged in the development of video games for PC and conso... | Xbox 360
MotoGP 13 - Champions DLC Trailer
382d ago - Milestone announced new DLC for MotoGP 13. See what you can expect through this trailer. | PC
MotoGP 13 Gets New Patch to Improve Online Performance
394d ago - Publisher PQube and developer Milestone have released a patch for MotoGP 13, improving its online... | PC
MotoGP 2013 Gets A New Patch
395d ago - Milestone announced that the second MotoGP13 patch for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Windows PC/Steam... | PC
MotoGP 2013 PC Review (TruePCGaming)
423d ago - John Williamson from TPG writes: "MotoGP 13 is an impeccable representation of the sport which... | PC
EU PlayStation Store update: GTA V, Pro Evo 2014 out this week
431d ago - Jawad Ashraf – PS Store Team- Grand Theft Auto V, a game that doesn't need any real introduct... | PS3
MWEB GameZone Review MotoGP 13: Pure Adrenaline Pumping Racing
465d ago - MWEB Gamezone writer, ubayr Bhyat, reviews MotoGP 13. Think of the last rollercoaster ride you... | Xbox 360
Issue 3 of Truth & Justice Reborn Online Magazine is out
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(WGB) MotoGP 13 - Review
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subset: commoncrawl


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Peabody, MA
A Christian & Classical Preparatory Education for Students Pre-K through 12th Grade
This year was like no other. The girls team was undefeated in their regular season and the boys, moving up … Read More...
Where you begin the journey can make all the difference in a child's life. Welcome to the admissions section … Read More
One of the best ways to get to know Covenant is to visit and experience this vibrant community for … Read More
On Wednesday, November 27th CCA held a special Faith and Family Chapel and invited all students, parents and … Read More...
Copyright 2013 Covenant Christian Academy


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Your Visit
Before you arrive for your visit, please fill out the New Patient Packet, and bring this document with you when you come. Also, please bring any films, especially MRI's or other records that you feel may be important for your physician.
New Patient Packet (pdf)
Find a Doctor
Find primary care physicians and specialists.
Free Community Flu Clinics
Newton-Wellesley Hospital is offering FREE Walk In Flu Shot Clinics near you.
Learn More >
"Top Doctors"Boston Magazine featured Newton-Wellesley Hospital in their annual "Top Doctors" issue as a top community hospital outside of Boston.
Learn More >
US News and World ReportUS News and World Report has ranked Newton-Wellesley Hospital 16th in Massachusetts.
Learn More >


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Icy roads turned into a nightmare for some 2 fleeing robbers in Alsace in France - a few weeks ago (in January). The 2 men managed to get into a tobacco store near Haguenau and forcefully got...
Mar 14, 2013
Accident saves 600 cats from the cooking pot
If you are a cat, I am sure parts of Southern China would not be a place of choice for you to live in. According to different news websites, including the state-run
Jan 22, 2013
Jan 22, 2013
Ministry Of State For Provincial Administration And Internal Security
Best Free Software 19: Slim Drivers - Free - includes a tutorial showing how to get and update PC gadget drivers
Africa: Scientists in Yellow Fever Breakthrough
Egypt: Sisi to Pardon Al Jazeera Journalists?
Nigeria: Commission Urged to Probe Eagles over Afcon Failure
Madagascar: Nation Hit by Deadly Plague
Zimbabwe: Deadly Stampede at Church Crusade
Nigeria: Nigeria Faces Volatile Polls


text: My Only Comment on the Bennett Gambling Thing C.S. Lewis once remarked that he didn't offer advice to people about sins to which he himself was not tempted. I try to do the same thing. I've never felt the urge to gamble and I therefore don't know what constitutes too much vs. just enough gambling. [Read More...]


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Best Western to host mixerSeptember 09,2013Best Western
to host mixer
Best Western Plus Inn & Suites will host the Rutland Region Chamber of Commerce on Tuesday from 5 to 7 p.m.
Best Western Plus Inn & Suites is located at 5 Best Western Place, just off Route 4 East in Rutland.
There will be food catered by East Creek Catering. Door prizes will also be available.
For more information, call the Chamber at 773-2747.MORE IN This Just InIRASBURG - Vermont Fish and Wildlife wardens have accused a couple of running an elaborate deer... Full StoryBRATTLEBORO As a nationally known meditation teacher and New York Times best-selling author,... Full StoryWoman escapes Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1927, striking Colo. miners attacked with machine guns by state police; 1877, Thomas Edison announces invention of the phonograph, 1959, Alan Freed fired by WABC 770 AM for accepting payola to promote records.
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1831 – Independent South American super-state, Gran Colombia, dissolved; 1856 - Fort Buchanan built to control Apache warriors; 1970 - William Calley Jr. goes on trial after 1968 massacre at My Lai, Vietnam.
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1927, Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin in control of the Soviet Union; in 1970, Oregon DOT tries to dynamite a dead whale off a beach with a rather shocking result.


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Jul 23, 2014
ABU DHABI [MENL] -- Oman has selected a U.S. company to help modernize theGulf Cooperation Council emirate's refinery.
LONDON [MENL] -- France has advanced in a project to modernize the navy ofSaudi Arabia.
Jul 21, 2014
ABU DHABI [MENL] -- Kuwait has disclosed a plan to modernize its NationalGuard.
Jul 03, 2014
WASHINGTON [MENL] -- The United States has begun training the firstLibyan soldiers.


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Police Arrest Three Robbery Suspects
RIVERSIDE, Calif. (www.ucr.edu) – Three Moreno Valley men have been arrested in connection with recent robberies near the UC Riverside campus.
The suspects are Xavier Vining, 20; Doneal Lewis Cephus, 18; and Markeith Shavers, 19.
The arrests resulted from an excellent team effort displayed by both the Riverside Police Department and the University of California Riverside Police Department. Neither agency is looking for any additional suspects at this time.
Five robberies were reported on Wednesday between 8 and 9 p.m. around the UC Riverside campus.
UCR Police Chief Mike Lane said his congratulations go to the whole team, but especially UCR Sgt. Morrison, Detective Harding and Detective Enriquez. He also gave credit to students who had the presence of mind to offer good descriptions of the suspects in each case.
If anyone has additional information regarding these incidents they are asked to contact Riverside Police Department Detective Rick Cobb at (951) 353-7135 or Detective Rick Wheeler at (951) 353-7134.
Media Contact
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Tel: (951) 353-7106
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Archived under: Inside UCR, Moreno Valley, police, riverside police department, robberies
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UCR Magazine Online
Fall 2014 issue of UCR Magazine is available. Read about A Watershed Moment.


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NCAA Basketball | Nov 28, 2014 4:15 PM
Mississippi State guard Craig Sword will play Friday against Saint Louis in the Corpus Christi Challenge, coach Rick Ray told CBSSports.com.
NFL | Nov 28, 2014 4:15 PM
There are all kinds of intriguing angles to the Patriots-Packers showdown, including how Darrelle Revis is used. Also, will KC rally around Eric Berry?
Golf | Nov 28, 2014 4:02 PM
This was almost the most memorable shot of 2014. Instead it might turn out to win Greg Chalmers the Australian Open.
NHL | Nov 28, 2014 3:56 PM
Blake Comeau signed with the Pittsburgh Penguins for next to nothing in free agency, and he is the exact type of free agent teams should be looking for on the open market.
NHL | Nov 28, 2014 3:32 PM
Martin St. Louis became just the 81st player in NHL history to record 1,000 career points when he scored against the Philadelphia Flyers on Friday.
NCAA Football | Nov 28, 2014 3:29 PM
Nebraska had a punt blocked by the butt of one of its own offensive lineman Friday.
NCAA Football | Nov 28, 2014 3:28 PM
Fans who paid to see the Thundering Herd take on the Hilltoppers got their money's worth in the first two quarters.
MLB | Nov 28, 2014 3:21 PM
Shane Victorino believes he should be the Red Sox's starting right fielder next season.
NBA | Nov 28, 2014 3:00 PM
New Orleans superstar is happy for now with the Pels, but the future is still uncertain as it is for any superstar.
NBA | Nov 28, 2014 2:57 PM
Golden State Warriors star Stephen Curry is catching fire and in rhythm with Steve Kerr's new system. You've been warned, NBA.
NFL | Nov 28, 2014 2:23 PM
Eagles quarterback Mark Sanchez seems poised to leave the butt-fumble behind for good.
MLB | Nov 28, 2014 2:19 PM
The Marlins acquired former first round pick Aaron Crow on Friday. They're hoping he'll be able to contribute to a bullpen that is already quietly very good.
NCAA Basketball | Nov 28, 2014 1:44 PM
The 6-foot-5 guard is the Terrapins' leading scorer. He's averaging 16.2 points and 4.8 rebounds through five games.
NBA | Nov 28, 2014 1:34 PM
Courtney Lee's buzzer beater was questionable, but the league won't take away Memphis' win.
NCAA Basketball | Nov 28, 2014 1:29 PM
Florida State's leading scorer Aaron Thomas and starting point guard Devon Bookert are out indefinitely with injuries.
NBA | Nov 28, 2014 1:24 PM
Thunder point guard Russell Westbrook will return to the lineup on Friday.
Golf | Nov 28, 2014 1:24 PM
The individuality of golf is what makes it both great as a sport and terrible as a thing to carry around when you're a superstar.
NFL | Nov 28, 2014 1:16 PM
The Steelers are coming off a bye and healthier, and that's bad news for a Saints team that's 2-9 in their last 11 on the road. Also riding taking the Bengals and Broncos this week.
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The Saturday Meal Plan fills you in on what to watch, when to watch and where to watch every Saturday during the college football season.
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The Big East is 40-5 so far this season, with several quality victories. That means conference games will have more impact on their NCAA resumes than they did last season.
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Has anyone tried this?:"The Adapter" CO2 regulator to Paintball tank Adapter
I like it.. as it seems that I don't have to pull the 320 adapter out of my regulator, but just thread this on the 320 adapter on the regulator then screw the paintball canister on...
Looks good to me!
Primary 1: Empty
Primary 2: Empty
Primary 3: Empty
Secondary 1: Empty
Bottled: EdWort's Apfelwein
Bottled: Brewers Best American Light
On Deck: some sort of Kolsch
How hard would this me to make honestly if you had access to a machine shop? 20-30 minutes for a guy that knows what he is doing?
*edit for clarification*, guy in reference is not IrregularPulse
Gee, with a lathe what couldn't you do?
But, I'm asking if anyone has used this adapter....
I'm thinking of getting one of those myself.
"There are no stupid questions. Only stupid people who ask questions."
Primary: none
Secondary: American Light Lager
Bottled: Glücksweizen (closest to an amber wheat I guess).
Bottled: Apfelwein
Kegged: Cream Ale
Upcoming:a Brown Ale, and a Belgian Ale, maybe a Porter.
Theres this thread. I would read it so u dont make the same mistake he did.http://www.homebrewtalk.com/f35/diap...ulator-107782/
I wanted the regulator I have to use with my 2 5# CO2 tanks but needed another to fit the 20oz. I would have used that part you showed if I had a second regulator. Instead I paid the big bucks to get one of these.
From man's sweat and God's love, beer came into the world. -- Saint Arnoldus
Wow. I didnt now that I neeeded something like this to begin with. I am going to be doing the same thing. Was hoping I could just hook up my spare regulator and go with that.
On a side note, how many kegs would a 9oz canister pump? I would only use Sanke kegs for my party tap. How many would a 20oz canister pump out?
If you have a spare regulator then all you'll need is the adapter.


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DEFINITION of 'National Foundation For Consumer Credit - NFCC'
A non-profit organization that seeks to educate consumers about credit and borrowing. One of the major services provided by the National Foundation for Consumer Credit is counseling for consumers who have taken on too much debt, with the goal of keeping consumers from declaring bankruptcy. Another way they assist is by helping consumers work out payment plans and reduce their overall debt load.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'National Foundation For Consumer Credit - NFCC'
The NFCC was founded in 1951. It provides services through member agencies and offices throughout the United States. Members must meet certain standards and accreditations, and services are confidential. Credit issuing institutions have been proponents of the counseling services offered by organizations such as the NFCC because it reduces the odds of a debtor declaring bankruptcy.
Credit AgencyA for-profit company that collects information about individuals' ...
Credit CounselingPersonalized counseling services that provide guidance and support ...
BankruptcyA legal proceeding involving a person or business that is unable ...
Credit1. A contractual agreement in which a borrower receives something ...
Credit CardA card issued by a financial company giving the holder an option ...
Debt AvalancheA method that involves making the minimum payment on each debt, ...
How To Find A Credit Counselor
5 Signs That You're Living Beyond Your ...
Credit & Loans
The History Of Consumer Credit Rights
Credit & Loans
Does a cash advance hurt my credit score?


text:
Dave & Buster's Jobs in Syracuse
Currently, there are no Dave & Buster's jobs available in Syracuse, New York. You may wish to explore jobs in nearby locations on the Dave & Buster's jobs in New York page or view related jobs below.
M10005: Area Operations Manager THE MANAGER AN AREA OPERATING MANAGER IS: The AOMs are the heart of the management team - motivating and coaching the hourly team, running stellar shifts, and ensuring each of our guests has an unparalledled experience.YOU WILL BE GREAT AT D&B IF: You love working in a fast-paced, multi-faceted Restaurant/Entertainment scene. You are able to communicate to the E...
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Engineers will find job opportunities in select disciplines in 2013, with candidates who are all-around, client-oriented businesspeople in demand.


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Oakland, CA - 1/31/14 - Smith System Driver Safety Training
Friday, Jan 31 8:00a
Holiday Inn Express Oakland-Airport Oakland, CA
The Smith System Driver Safety Course
On behalf of the entire Smith System team, we would like thank you for participating in our driver safety course that is sponsored by Lilly. This course shows the importance Lilly places on your safety and well being.
At Smith, we have seen the results of our training over a 61-year period. We know this training will give you a new awareness of how you drive and what you can do to be safer on the road. That's important for you and for Lilly, but we also know… Show more
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The Beacon
Blog Tags: 2011 Ocean Victories
Ocean Victories of 2011: Thank You!
Andy Sharpless is the CEO of Oceana.
As we enter the last weeks of 2011, I'd like to thank you again for your support this year. Even as we continue to face global economic insecurity, your support has made it possible for Oceana to win important victories for the oceans.
Here are just a few of the victories you helped us achieve in 2011:
- Passing the Shark Conservation Act, which ended shark finning in the U.S.
- Banning the trade, possession and sale of shark fins in California, Washington and Oregon.
- Protecting Belize's stunning coral reef system with a total ban on all trawling.
- Saving Chile's endangered Humboldt penguins and blue whales by preventing the construction of a coal-fired power plant near a marine reserve.
- Ensuring that Chile's commitment to clean up its farmed salmon industry has succeeded.
This is a special year for Oceana, because it's also our 10th anniversary year. In 2001, our founders decided that the world needed a conservation organization that could win real policy changes for the oceans on an international scale.
Since then, Oceana has expanded to six countries, garnered more than half a million supporters and protected 1.2 million square miles of ocean, including innumerable sea turtles, sharks, dolphins and the people who depend upon and enjoy the oceans. Our founders are pleased with the results, and we hope you are as well.
We continue to have ambitious goals, not just for 2012, but the next decade. I hope you'll continue to join us for the ride. Thank you again.
Continue reading...
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State urged to implement projects for north Malabar
The North Malabar Chamber of Commerce (NMCC) has demanded that the Union Finance Ministry issue necessary licences to the inland container depot here which was inaugurated in April 2012.
The annual general meeting of the NMCC held here recently urged the Ministry to issue the licences to the depot that was yet to be operationalised.
The meeting also urged the State government to implement the dream projects of the North Malabar region, including the Kannur airport, Azhikkal port development and the National Highway upgrade, with due consideration to their importance. The projects should be viewed with greater seriousness, the meeting stated.
The State and Central governments should take necessary steps to translate the proposed projects such as Handloom Village at Azhikode and Mega Handloom Cluster into reality, the Chamber said. It also demanded that the Kannur town road development scheme be implemented on a war footing to find a permanent solution to the traffic bottlenecks.
The meeting also elected new office-bearers of the NMCC. They are: K. Vinod Narayanan (president), C. Jayachandran (vice-president), C.V. Deepak (honorary secretary), K.V. Haneesh (joint secretary), Susheel Aaron (treasurer), Shameem Punaththil, K. Narayanankutty, Mathew Samuel, P.K. Mehaboob, M.M.V. Moidu, Muhammad Madani, M.K. Muhammad Rafeek, Radhedhyam Khandelval, Amarnath G.Y., C.K. Unnikrishnan, Pradeepkumar C., Jeevaraj Nambiar, Shahin P., Vasudeva Pai, E. Kunjiraman and Sachin Sooryakanth (members).


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Latest Phanerozoic Stories
KENT, Ohio Oct. 1 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Throw out all those posters and books that depict an ape evolving into a human being, says Kent State University Professor of Anthropology Dr. C. Owen Lovejoy.
A Princeton University geoscientist who has stirred controversy with her studies challenging a popular theory that an asteroid wiped out the dinosaurs has compiled powerful new evidence asserting her position.
A U.S. scientist says he's found evidence dinosaurs may have survived for 500,000 years in New Mexico and Colorado after the Cretaceous extinctions. Jim Fassett, an emeritus scientist with the U.S.
According to researchers, a wide-hipped Homo erectus fossil found in Ethiopia suggests that females of the pre-human species gave birth to developed babies with large heads.
U.S. scientists say the Earth is in the midst of its sixth mass extinction of plants and animals, with nearly 50 percent of all species disappearing. Biologists at the University of California-Santa Barbara say they are working to determine which species must be saved.
By Rick Steelhammer What's 12 feet long, has 6-inch claws and weighs a ton or more? It's Megalonyx jeffersonii, and starting Saturday, a precise scientific replica of its skeletal remains will be on display at the West Virginia Geological Survey Museum near Morgantown.
It was the greatest mass murder of all time - poison everywhere, billions slain - but the killers have never been positively identified.
GigOptix, the leading provider of electronic engines for the optically connected digital world announces today the successful fruits of its partnership with Pangaea (HK) Ltd.
A study published in the current issue of Science challenges the long-held belief that diversity of marine species has been increasing continuously since the origin of animals.
Tiny marks on the teeth of an ancient human ancestor known as the "Nutcracker Man" may upset current evolutionary understanding of early hominid diet.
Latest Phanerozoic Reference Libraries
Mapinguari The mapinguari or mapinguary is an ape-like cryptid said to inhabit the Amazon rainforests of Brazil and Bolivia. It is also known as the Isnashi. Several attempts to find physical evidence that the creature exists have been conducted. Samples have been gathered, but when analyzed it was found to be from known animals and some of the castings of tracks were inconclusive. Native folklore has described the creature as having only one eye, long claws, backward feet, a...
Palaeovespa is a genus of wasps that holds seven species, all of which are extinct. Two of the species were discovered in Baltic amber deposits from Europe dating back to the middle Eocene era, while the other five were found in Florissant Formation amber from the Priabonian stage era in Colorado in the United States. This genus, and four of its species, was first described in 1906 by Dr. Theodore Cockerell in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cockerell described all but one...
Australopithecus africanus was an early hominid, an australopithecine that lived between roughly 3.03 and 2.04 million years ago in the later Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Au. africanus was of slender build and was thought to have been a direct ancestor of modern humans. Fossil remains signify that Au. africanus was considerably more like modern humans that Au. afarensis, with a more human-like cranium permitting a larger brain and more humanoid facial features. This hominid has only been...
Thescelosaurus, meaning "godlike", "wondrous", or "marvelous" and "lizard" was a genus of small ornithopod dinosaur that appeared at the very end of the Late Cretaceous period in North America. It was a member of the last dinosaurian fauna before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event around 65.5 million years ago. The completeness and preservation of many of its specimens illustrate that it might have preferred to live near streams. This bipedal ornithopod is known from...
Daspletosaurus, meaning "frightful lizard" is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that resided in western North America between 77 and 74 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period. Fossils of the only named species were found in Alberta, although other possible species from Alberta and Montana wait for description. Daspletosaurus is closely related to the much larger and more current Tyrannosaurus. Like most of the known tyrannosaurids, it was a multi-ton bipedal...
- Having a loud voice; vociferous; clamorous.
- Of grand or imposing sound.


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The conversation didn't start well when I asked singer Matisyahu to comment on his new album, Akeda. "Have you heard it?" he replied. Since it's not out until June 3, I told him the truth, that I had not. "Listen to these songs," he said, "and call me back." See also: Matisyahu Shaves His Beard ... More >>
Music is more than just a collection of sounds. It's a whole 'nother world where anything is possible. You don't have to be yourself, you don't even have to be human, and a lot of artists take full advantage of this world of illusion. The benefits? Well, you can safely walk into any grocery store, ... More >>
While there's reason to rage against the media saturation inherent to the internet (e.g. too many chill/witch/triangle clone bands uploading from their bedrooms), you've got to celebrate the World Wide Web for the incomparable access it grants to musical worlds previously impossible to connect ... More >>
We sure are glad Lauren "Lolo" Reskin was born on this day, 20-something years ago (a lady never tells). If you run into Sweat Records' legendary proprietress around town this weekend, feel free to bow and give offerings. Or just show up at the store tonight for her actual birthday, celebration of w ... More >>
On Friday, we brought you "Superfast Jellyfish," the new Gorillaz track most likely to make the Finding Nemo 2 soundtrack. Today, the riches continue with the Guardian offering an exclusive stream of Plastic Beach in its entirety currently rocking the office. Aside from Damon Albarn's requisitely ... More >>
It's all in the stars.
I must confess that ever since The Good, The Bad and The Queen started making music around a year ago (you know, the cross Atlantic supergroup comprised of Damon Albarn from Blur, Simon Tong of the Verve, Afro-beat legend Tony Allen and Paul Simonon of the Clash) that I've been going back to my Clas ... More >>
Demon Days (Virgin)
Before the Poison Anti
Palookaville Astralwerks
Stephen Fry masterfully transcribes the wit of Waugh to the big screen
Watch How the People Dancing: Unity Sounds From the London Dancehall, 1986-1989 Honest Jon's/Astralwerks
Laika Come Home "Astralwerks"


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Centro Storico (Old Rome) Apartment Rental Photos and Description
apartment with two bedrooms and sleeps 8 in Rome center, near the Colosseum
Beautiful apartment of 85 m2 located on the third floor of a building of the '900, a short distance from the Basilica of St. John Lateran, the Colosseum and the Baths of Caracalla. The apartment has been recently renovated and has two comfortable double bedrooms (each with a sofa bed), a living room with balcony and sofa bed, a fully equipped kitchen and a bathroom with double bath. Facilities include air conditioning, Wi-Fi, LCD TV, washing machine, dishwasher and central heating. The elegant furnishings and fixtures and fittings, together with the central location and well connected by public transport, make this apartment a great option for those who want to explore on foot the main attractions of the Eternal City.
- Suitability:
- Long-term Renters Welcome
- children welcome
- pets not allowed


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south-central PA
During my patrols of an area of approx 60,000 residents, I have seen one, almost homemade looking, Romney yard sign and not one bumper sticker. Since around fall of last year, I have seen at least 40 Paul yard signs, mine not included. The establishment crowd clearly has no excitement for Romney and I presume are planning to hold their noses as they did for McCain in 2008. I also don't see much Obama material as I don't think his people are very excied either. I feel that this election has many surprises left and should we continue this effort, standing united and are able to introduce Dr. Paul to the sleeping populace, he will win the election in unprecedented fashion. Stay strong and don't allow the greatest tactic known to the machine, division, conquer you, even if you feel their are enemies within.
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Related quotes
"Success is a Journey: so, don't forget to pack your COURAGE: to stand up, after facing obstacle after obstacle. HOPE: for a better day, after coming face to face with the storm. and FAITH: to keep those dreams alive, when all you see, is the mist and the haze..."
"Yesterday, you stepped in my world and played with my heart. Now I'm back, to show you the door; Today you're out, out for good, and out of my World."


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Another "Sky Girls"? …
- Tags: A-1 Pictures, Image Gallery, Mahou Shoujo, Moe, Oshiri, Vividred Operation
Comment on Vividred Operation "Godly In At Least One Respect…" by Anonymous:
Another "Sky Girls"?
Anonymous made other comments on this post:
- Vividred Operation "Godly In At Least One Respect…":
anon above Queems blade and senran has alot of plot more than code gease and death note if ya really wanna get what we meant pls scroll down down some more Plot means BEWBS YOU innocent virgin realist so go die and back story is as you get it an ASSwome view of some ASSwome butt cheeks enclosed by tight and some how sexy pantsu/boxers/spats/bloomers tights
- Vividred Operation "Godly In At Least One Respect…":
They actually didn't! Bunch of jerks, don't you think? Kiddin'. I was just so sick and tired of the gazillions fanservice animes that I just didn't want to bother diggin through a huge pile of shit to get to the few gems out there. The German dude
- Vividred Operation "Godly In At Least One Respect…":
Lies, you dont have idea how much plot Senran Kagura have only rivaled to a plot like Queens Blade (of course, I watch them for the plot) ;)
- Vividred Operation "Godly In At Least One Respect…":
But, DAT ASS http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=K9O1TMJyhmw ^_^
- Vividred Operation "Godly In At Least One Respect…":
Lawl Backstory, but sorry i don't see how Senran Kagura is about the plot just seems like more fan service, to me, so am i being too harsh cuz plot for me = something like Code Geass, Death Note. now thats plot
Recent comments by Anonymous:
- Kenzen Robo Daimidaler BD Deadly Sexy:
Morning Ritzness!
- GumKare: "The Ultimate in Gum x Fujoshi Marketing":
don't get it, black black is male and the others are supposed to reverse traps or something
- Tales of Zestiria x Idolmaster:
The day when some skits are going to be DLC that cost real money bet you're just gonna repeat that "So, nothing really changed, they just added a new business model." like a broken record too.
- Infinite Stratos World Purge Hen OVA Nipple Bonanza:
Wait, the Mc has a clone or is this some sort of 'ability' one of the girls has? I'm so confused.
- Tales of Zestiria x Idolmaster:


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Quilted Faux Leather Jacket
Item# AS-000920_72361
$49.50 $10.98 $6.59
This fully lined, buttery soft faux leather topper feels so luxe and luscious, you won't want to take it off. Sexy moto-inspired touches give this jacket its tough-girl chic appeal, while quilted shoulder and waist accents add trend-right style. Gold-tone zip front with zippered breast and waist pockets. Imported.
- Machine wash warm, drip dry
- Outer: 100% Polyurethane; Lining: 100% Polyester
Please Select a Size and Color
- Size
Special Offer
Now Black Friday - Extra 40% off! Details
Take an extra 40% off. Can not be combined with any other offer.


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Members and employees of Corporate Fleet Members at Mackinaw level and above enjoy free museum admission and programs year round. For more information on membership, view our membership information page.
This is a behind the scenes look at a World War II submarine. These smaller tours will last approximately three hours and will give guests a chance to see areas of the submarine not seen on normal tours. This special tour will include ladders and smaller spaces and you must be 16 or older to participate. The cost is $7 per person, plus regular admission for non-members. Space is limited so reservations are required. To make reservations or for more information call the Museum at (920) 684-0218.
Tour Dates:Saturday, November 22nd, 9:00am - Noon Sunday, December 7th, 1:00 - 4:00pm Saturday, December 20th, 9:00am - Noon Saturday, January 17th, 9:00am - Noon Saturday, January 24th, 9:00am - Noon Sunday, February 8th, 1:00 - 4:00pm Saturday, February 21st, 9:00am - Noon Sunday, March 1st, 1:00 - 4:00pm Saturday, March 14th, 9:00am - Noon
Monday, November 17th, 2014 6-8 p.m.
This free program sponsored by the Wisconsin DNR River Protection Grant will feature Todd Brennan of Alliance for the Great Lakes and Angela Pierce of Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission as speakers. Their focus will be our beaches: what information are we gathering through beach clean-up efforts and what does that information tell us about how human activities are affecting the beaches? And what excellent water testing and beach restoration efforts are being done right in our own area? Please join us to find out all of this and more!
Saturday, December 6, 2014
Celebrate Christmas the nautical way! Bring a camera along for pictures with Santa in our special museum setting from 10:30-Noon. Create a Christmas craft, enjoy storytelling and view specially decorated trees! There is no admission fee for this free community day.
Games + Experiments + Snacks + Role playing + Time on a real submarine = FUN
These activities will help fulfill your "Love Water" Award requirements!
Cost: $5 per Brownie
Space is limited to 40 Brownies, so call right away to register: 920-684-0218 and ask for Karen (extension 105).
This session is fully booked. The next session will be in November 2015.
The Wisconsin Maritime Museum is hosting another fun, educational afternoon filled with maritime-themed activities for young girls (grades 2-5). This year's theme is "Girls Shinning the Light and Girls Leading the Way!"
This year participants will rotate through four activity stations before finishing the afternoon off with an afternoon tea party for girls, their dolls, and an adult. The tea party will include tea, pink lemonade, and a light snack.
Cost: $7.00 per person
Space is limited for the tea so reservations are required. Call the museum at (920) 684-0218 to make reservations.
Join us on Saturday, May 2nd 2015 as we remember the 86 crewmen of USS Lagarto on the 70th anniversary of her loss. Lagarto was built in Manitowoc and was sunk on May 3, 1945. The ceremony will take place on the deck of USS Cobia. This free event can be viewed from the museum's Quarterdeck.
Friday-Sunday, May 15-17, 2015
Modelers from throughout the United States will fill the museum's Riverview Room with exquisite models for the weekend. Details will be added as plans are made. Please check back for more information! In the meantime, view a slideshow from our 2014 event here.


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process gas monitoring Companies in Cape Verde
Environmental Process Analytics (EPA)
based in Rooibuiskraal, SOUTH AFRICA
Providing solutions for Environment and Process Monitoring. Specialise systems for: combustion process monitoring - dust emissions monitoring - gas emissions monitoring - gas and solid flow - gas detection - ventilation - vehicle emissions monitoring - tunnel monitoring.
Ametek Process Instruments - THERMOX
based in Pittsburgh, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
AMETEK established records for sales, operating income and operating margins. Our relentless focus on Operational Excellence continues to drive our profitability and margin improvements. Our outlook for 2012 is for continued strong performance based on our commitment to Operational Excellence with its focus on cost and asset management, operating efficiencies and ...
Pulsar Process Measurement Ltd
based in Worcestershire, UNITED KINGDOM
Pulsar manufactures and supplies level, open channel flow and pump instrumentation. Our strength is in ultrasonic level measurement. This is a non-contacting technology that is used in a wide variety of industries and applications worldwide. Pulsar Process Measurement has been in existence since 1997, rising in a relatively short time to become one of the foremost ...
Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics
based in Houston, TEXAS (USA)
Siemens Process Instrumentation & Analytics is a leading supplier of online continuous gas analyzers and total system solutions. Our continuous gas analyzer products provide superior performance and low cost of ownership over many years of reliable service. When it comes to experience Siemens has the complete solution with over 75 years of application expertise and ...
Hardy Process Solutions
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Hardy Process Solutions is a leading designer and manufacturer of process weighing systems and equipment. Hardy has been providing customers with process control solutions for over 90 years and is best known for its innovative technology. The company prides itself on its ability to continuously provide superior product quality and excellent customer support. Hardy, an ISO ...
International Gas Detectors (IGD) Ltd.
based in Stockport, UNITED KINGDOM
International Gas Detectors (IGD) are a UK based company specialising in gas detection, gas interlocks and gas safety. IGD have been leaders in gas detection technology for over 95 years and our aim is to make gas safety products and gas monitoring equipment simple and easy to specify, install and support.IGD provide single cable solutions to gas detection and ensure that ...
Neo Monitors AS
based in Skedsmokorset, NORWAY
NEO Monitors is one of the leading suppliers of gas analysers and dust monitors based on tuneable diode laser (TDL) technology. Our instruments are the preferred choice for a broad range of applications within process and emission control. Laser based Gas Monitors for Environmental Monitoring or Process Control. NEO Monitors supply state of the art LaserGas gas monitors ...
Teledyne Monitor Labs, Inc.
based in Englewood, COLORADO (USA)
Teledyne Monitor Labs is a leading supplier of environmental monitoring instrumentation for the detection, measurement, and reporting of air pollutants. We have over 30 years experience in providing state-of-the-art Continuous Emissions Monitoring products to a wide variety of industrial markets. With offices located in Englewood, CO and Gibsonia PA, Teledyne Monitor Labs ...
Gas Measurement Instruments Ltd - an Industrial Scientific Corporation Company
based in Renfrew, UNITED KINGDOM
GMI design and manufacture a wide range of gas detection products. Portable gas detectors, handheld personal monitors, and fixed systems for permanent installation. Gas detection for all industries.
Emerson Process Management
based in OHIO (USA)
Emerson Process Management, an Emerson business, is a leader in helping businesses automate their production, processing and distribution in the chemical, oil and gas, refining, pulp and paper, power, water and wastewater treatment, mining and metals, food and beverage, life sciences and other industries. The company combines superior products and technology with ...


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The Scoop
Stricter FSMA rules for process water advocated by some
The public comment period for proposed rules in current GMPs and risk-assessment requirements under the Food Safety Modernization Act continues until Sept. 16, after which FDA officials will sift through the many comments and suggestions submitted in writing and at public hearings.
Electric shock prevention is new on-the-job safety focus
More than 1,000 workers in food plants and other industrial workplaces are injured and hundreds killed from electrical shocks each year, data from the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics suggest. Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) could mitigate the danger from electrically powered equipment, but residential GFCI devices...
Two more food plants gain gluten-free certification
Snack foods from Boulder Canyon Natural Foods recently joined a worldwide roster of more than 10,000 food products authorized to bear the certified gluten-free seal from the Gluten-Free Certification Organization, a program of the Gluten Intolerance Group of North America, Auburn, Wash.
Progress stalls in reducing on-the-job injuries
Efforts to reduce workplace injuries and fatalities, as well as related costs to businesses, have stalled, with food and beverage manufacturing standing out as one of the most risky employment sectors, several reports from industry and government suggest.
Bovines Over Broadway: Nothing Says New York Like Cultured Dairy Products
With Chobani's massive new facility in Twin Falls, Ida., now in production, the need for westward distribution of yogurt produced in New York State likely will ease in 2013. Nonetheless, the popularity of Greek yogurt and, in particular, the New Berlin, NY-based Chobani brand, helped vault the Empire State into...
With gas prices down, electrical generation emerges as biogas's go-to option
While homeowners can cheer the plummeting costs of natural gas, food processors who hoped to harvest methane from their waste streams have had to rethink renewable energy projects. Each year has brought another precipitous drop in value: the spot price of natural gas averaged $8.86 per million Btus in 2008,...
Was pitchman the victim of a high-pressure squeeze?
When I heard the Dos Equis radio spot in early April, I chuckled when I heard the latest tales of the World's Most Interesting Man's triumphs. You know WMIM, the debonaire cross between Papa Hemingway and George Hamilton who slakes his taste for something malty with double-X Mexican beer?
X-ray is the emerging standard for food-safety inspection
I was munching a mouthful of oatmeal one morning this week when my tongue felt something hard. "An uncooked kernel?" I thought, and I considered swallowing, then thought better of it. To my surprise, it was a jagged piece of glass, 5/16 in. long and 3/16 in. at its highest point.
Food shipments again top cargo-theft list
Packaged food and beverage products were 2012's answer to the question, What do thieves want?
Unannounced food-safety audits likely
Third-party audits under the SQF food-safety standard likely will shift from scheduled plant reviews to unannounced visits by 2014, according to Michael Govro, technical/quality assurance manager at NSF International.


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Kate Middleton Post-Baby Body Media Coverage: Disrespectful to Women?by Free Britney at . Updated at . Comments
Is the media coverage of Kate Middleton's post-pregnancy body, which became THE topic right after she gave birth to the Royal Baby, disrespectful to women?
Since the moment she and Prince William presented Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge to the world, her figure became a talking point.
Reactions to her appearance ranged from positive to negative to just plain curious.
"Why Does Kate Middleton Still Have Her Baby Bump?" screamed one headline.
"Kate Middleton's royal baby post-bump is a boost of confidence for mums everywhere," another said. "How can she look so pretty just after giving birth?"
One fashion blogger wrote "in all honesty, the dress was not pleasing to the eye, neither was the stomach. I hope she gets her post-maternity bod soon."
Scores of Middleton-related search terms clogged the web, such as "diet," "post baby bump," "belly," "stomach," and "why does Kate Middleton still look pregnant."
Kate remains wildly popular, but could the whole thing signal that society's obsession with her looks puts unrealistic stress on mothers and women?
"The media's neuroticism over Kate's post-pregnant looks is brainwashing women," human behavior expert Patrick Wanis told Fox News.
How? He says that the intense coverage implies all women will be "judged and criticized unless they meet the new standard - unattainable perfection."
"The obsession with the perfect female body is spiraling out of control."
The same DAY she gave birth, a weight loss tabloid cover from OK! sparked outcry thanks to its "Kate's Post-Baby Weight Loss Regime" headline.
As for the medical reason her "bump" is still showing, experts say it takes around 10 days for a woman's womb to contract back to its normal size.
Many praised Kate for her "bravery" in challenging one of the taboos of pregnancy - the post-partum belly - and for not recoiling from the spotlight.
Basically, she's not image-obsessed and doesn't care what people say, and certainly isn't holding out for a huge tabloid photo spread a la Kim Kardashian.
Just the same, when it comes to the media, critics say it's all too much.
"The focus should be on how she feels as a mother and the love and nurturing she will express as well as the bond between her and her newborn," Wanis said.
"Rather than whether or not she still looks hot. And hot for whom?"
I think she looks gorgeous i mean she had just given birth 24 hours ago i mean show me one person who gave birth and has a flat stomach the next day the media can be so cruel to people they post adds about people being bullied when they are the biggest bullies around
So sad people would focus on this. I had 4 kids and had the same problem after them. Mine was mostly water, which is probably all hers is, and after about 3 days it all went away She is beautiful.. just let her be happy
Are you fucking kidding me? She JUST had a baby! It's not gonna go down right after! Shit, this pic was taken how long after she gave birth again? It happens to EVERYONE! Whoever wrote this is probably a fat hag that's jealous to the max!
Cum on people she just finish giving birth and its normal to sill have her baby bump gossh
"He says that the intense coverage implies all women will be "judged and criticized unless they meet the new standard - unattainable perfection."" Oh waaah. Get over it. Every single one of us are judged every single day for not meeting unattainable perfection. That's the new standard? That's been the standard for a while. What rock have you been living under? You know what the trick to getting by is? Not giving a F what others think. When you whine and complain and make such a big fuss over it, you give strength to the judging as if it matters in some way.
I have a 4 month old...I still have post baby belly which I am proud to have! I don't plan to lose weight anytime soon because I'm breastfeeding..
It don't matter to me what people have to say..because they don't know
Fat Americans Start A Discussion here?
Personally I think Kate looks great, so big deal she has a stomach, a lot of women have that, not uncommon. She is definately beauiful.:)
My stomach after baby was the opposite; I had a big hole :)
I think that was more unusual :)
she looks great and after a woman has a baby her belly will be swollen with water weight for up to a couple weeks after delivery
Personally, I thought she was looked absolutely radiant and happy. Tired, but happy, and healthy. That's what really matters here!