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HoopsHype Trade rumors
Ramona Shelburne: Clips are right up against hard cap. They'd have to send out salary, whereas Cavs/Rockets have trade exceptions they could slot Brewer into. Twitter @ramonashelburne
Marc Stein: Story posting now: ESPN sources say Wolves in active trade discussions on veteran swingman Corey Brewer with contenders Cavs and Rockets Twitter @ESPNSteinLine
Marc Stein: Both Cavs/Rockets have trade exception big enough to absorb Corey Brewer's contract so might only have to surrender draft pick(s) to get him Twitter @ESPNSteinLine
Jody Genessy: Being in Toronto reminds me of how Novak found out he was traded to Utah: Text from Kyle Lowry: "Damn!" "Damn what?" "You've been traded." Twitter @DJJazzyJody
"The two offers were (Lakers center) Andrew Bynum, and I was afraid of his knees, and Big Al — and then some draft choices and other throw-ins and stuff like that," McHale said. "I liked Andrew Bynum as a player. I liked Al, because he was a better scorer, but when you looked at Bynum, I was just so afraid of his knees and all the stuff that goes with that. "I know what people say about me and Danny, but if you look at what the Celtics (offered), Al and the picks, it was the best of the offers that were out there. I was actually surprised in one way, because there weren't many teams we could deal with." That factor came into play last year when the Celts traded Paul Pierce and Garnett to Brooklyn in what ended up being a limited market. But in '07, it caught McHale a bit off-guard. Boston Herald
"When I knew we were going to trade Kevin, of course, you call everybody, but so many teams were in different spots," McHale said. "Well over 20 of the teams just said, 'He's not going to re-sign here. We won't be able to keep him.' Some teams didn't have the assets, and some teams were just in a different spot, like, 'We're too young to take the guy.' "So you only had four or five teams that actually fit the parameters of, 'OK, we're good enough, so we're going to try to make a deal for the guy.' Danny had gotten Ray Allen, and he needed another piece. The Lakers had Kobe (Bryant) and that whole group, so they had pieces. But it was pretty amazing how everything dried up, and all of a sudden you're down to just a few teams. "I looked at our owner and said, 'Wow, it's amazing, because the guy's a fantastic player.' But when you start taking in $20-something-million dollars, and then you look to see where your team is at, it gets a lot harder. The market gets a lot smaller." Boston Herald
Mark Cuban On turning around the Mavericks: "When I took over the team it was January of 2000. We were 9-23 and the general manager and coach at the time, Don Nelson — who came from the Knicks actually —said, 'We can lose and try to get a good draft pick and da da da da da.' As it turns out it was one of the worst drafts ever. I'm like, 'No. At some point this team has to learn how to win.' So we focused on winning and as it turned out, we had a nucleus of a great team. People just didn't expect us to win, so the players didn't expect us to win. So I walked in and said, 'I expect you guys to win. We're not going to mess around anymore. If you don't lay it out, if you don't put it all on the line, I'm going to trade your ass. And guess what? This is going to be a premier destination in the NBA. You can laugh because that's what everybody did, but I'm going to kick everybody's ass. They just don't know it yet.' " Dallas Morning News
Mark Cuban: On the nucleus of his team back then: "We literally could not trade Steve Nash. They had tried to trade Steve Nash before I got there and couldn't do it. They couldn't trade Michael Finley. They didn't try to tried Dirk yet, but yeah, it was crazy." Dallas Morning News
The Lakers have applied for a disabled player exception because of Nash's absence, which would be worth about $4.9 million. Assuming the NBA approves it, it is unlikely the Lakers will use it to sign a player through free agency or trade. But the Lakers could seek to trade his expiring contract. "He's probably going through a tough time to adjust as far as life without basketball at this particular point," Scott said. "It didn't upset me one bit. Hopefully I'll reach out to him again and we can talk or I can get a return call." Los Angeles Daily News
Ian Begley: Regarding the idea of moving J.R. Smith, the #Knicks have continued to discuss internally their options to deal him. Have done so since July Twitter @IanBegley
But from what we can tell, talking to industry sources familiar with the Lakers' thinking, No. 24 isn't going anywhere. He's got a no-trade clause and the Lakers have a no-trade mindset. Forbes.com
The Buss Family's love affair with Bryant is well-known in NBA circles. "I don't see them trading Kobe, not at all,'' said one rival NBA team president. "The Lakers almost have to keep him, as much for business reasons as anything else, and I believe that's what they're going to do.'' Forbes.com
The Lakers still made off with $122 million from their TV deal, the largest haul from a local TV rights holder in any U.S. pro sports league. And while their agreement with Time Warner provides them with three percent annual increases, how much more they make above that hinges on ratings. "Kobe brings eyes to the TV,'' said the NBA team executive. "No, he's not the same player he once was, but people are always going to watch Kobe Bryant.'' Forbes.com
Phil Jackson can't talk about Kobe Bryant because of tampering rules. But the Knicks President was asked about his former star guard amid rumors that Bryant could somehow land in New York given the Lakers' disastrous start to this NBA season: "We just have to measure, always, what's this team's potential?" Jackson said Monday night about his thoughts on the Bryant rumors. "What is this group's potential? What do we have in front of us as an organization? I always used to say, 'General managers are thinking three to five years ahead, coaches are thinking one to three games ahead, that's about as far as they can see.' The Knicks Blog
""If there is not a real opportunity for [Bryant] to win a championship there, the thought of him leaving may shock Lakers fans," Fox said. "But I wouldn't put it past him going in search of one or two more championships. Personally, I think it's going to get done in New York. I really do. I just believe in Phil. I've been around him. I know Kobe has had his greatest success with Phil in a leadership capacity. So the reuniting of the two is not an unrealistic thought." Los Angeles Daily News
Ian Begley: Phil Jackson was asked about his dealing with agents as team president. "I've kind of let (GM) Steve Mills deal with those friends of ours." Twitter @IanBegley
The Lakers could also choose to use the exception to trade for a player making up to $1,598,680 because trades via such exceptions allow for an extra $100,000. In a trade, though, L.A. can only take on a player in the final year of his existing contract. ESPN.com
With respect to injured guard Steve Nash, meanwhile, sources say that the Lakers are still evaluating their options. As ESPN.com reported last month when Nash was ruled out for the 2014-15 season because of recurring nerve issues with his back, Lakers officials are planning to explore the trade market for potential deals between now and the February trade deadline with Nash's $9.7 million expiring contract. ESPN.com
Marcus Smart's early development is second only to Rajon Rondo's contract year push as this season's most compelling C's storyline. An increasing number of league officials are also applauding Danny Ainge's decision to draft the tough, defense-minded point guard. One league scout also buys into the theory that Smart — once he returns from his ankle injury — won't fully develop as long as he plays behind Rondo. "I think they've got to get rid of Rondo because they drafted a good, young point guard," the scout said. "Marcus Smart is a franchise-type point guard or can be, I think, who needs to play to be good. He's fast and he defends. And you don't say that about rookies." Boston Herald
Wallace's selflessness is also connected to that surgically repaired knee. He remarkably made it through 13 seasons without once requiring surgery, and his recovery from last summer's clean-out procedure has been slow. It's easier to embrace mentorship and a reduced on-court role when your body isn't right. "For me right now it's not as bad, because I'm still struggling with trying to get myself back to 100 percent where I feel comfortable playing," he said of taking a back seat now. "So the minutes right now aren't as important as doing my strengthening and rehabbing." Boston Herald
Any rumor missing? E-mail us at email@example.com.


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Long after the play ended, I still had this hard-to-describe, warm and fuzzy feeling. 'The Blue Mug' was more than just simply a play; it was an experience, a freewheeling conversation about everything that's life, from the innocence of childhood to the first kiss to the ultimate end of it all - death. In the end I can just say this: memory, you beautiful thing.
Bharath Karnam
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People nationwide entered a second night of protests against the grand jury decision.
A dispute between U.S. safety regulators and air bag maker Takata Corp. escalated when the government threatened fines and legal action.
SYDNEY (Reuters) - Rory McIlroy admitted to feeling fatigued from jet-lag and an early alarm call on Thursday but the first round of his Australian Open title defense was by no means a damage limitation exercise.
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Junior Member
i just wana know if the classic twisted three line will be also available or it will be only the new one?
personaly Im prety exiting to play in the new one
Senior Member
only the new one, as far as we know
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Joseph von Fraunhofer
After who is the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft named?
- Joseph von Fraunhofer
- His Life
- His Achievements
- His Legacy
Joseph von Fraunhofer
The organization takes its name from Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), the illustrious Munich researcher, inventor and entrepreneur.
Born of a family of modest means, Joseph von Fraunhofer was a glass-grinding apprentice when discovered by the privy counsellor Joseph von Utzschneider. He took up employ in the latter's Optical Institute and, at the age of 22, became the director of glass manufacturing. He was responsible for the development of new methods of glass production and processing.
The optical instruments he himself developed, including the spectrometer and the diffraction grid, allowed Fraunhofer to conduct fundamental research in the fields of light and optics. He was the first to measure the spectrum of sunlight and characterize the dark absorption strips it contains: the »Fraunhofer lines«.
His independent, autodidactic work won him great acclaim from industry and government. The former apprentice became a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.
His Life
Joseph von Fraunhofer - from apprentice to scientist of renown
- Fraunhofer introduces his spectrometer.
At the beginning of his career, there was little sign that Fraunhofer would achieve immense success. Born in 1787, he lost both parents when twelve years of age. Endowed with insufficient physical strength to become a wood turner, as he had hoped, he then followed in his father´s footsteps and became an apprentice glassmaker. The masterglassmaker who took him on, however, Philipp Anton Weichselberger, did not allow the young Fraunhofer to attend school on vacation days or to read the books he so yearned to devour.
It thus came to a turn of fate to impel Fraunhofer on his career. When Weichselberger`s house collapsed in 1801, Fraunhofer was rescued from the ruins after many hours. This brought him to the notice of Prince Elector Max IV Joseph, and into contact with the entrepreneur Joseph von Utzschneider. Consequently, Fraunhofer`s opportunities of personal development took substantial leap. He was allowed to attend school, received instruction in the craft of lens-grinding and was soon recommended to take up employ as an optician at the workshop of the renowned inventor and designer Georg von Reichenbach, in which Utzschneider was a partner.
Fraunhofer`s talent and determination were immediatly evident. Reichenbach and Utzschneider thus appointed him - when only 22 years of age - head of the glass factory in Benediktbeuern, which belonged to the company. His work on the development of new types of glass, decisive improvements in glass production, and perfectioning of the manufacture of optical instruments brought about impressive results. Fraunhofer implemented standardized production methods, substantially extended the workshop´s product range, and thereby boosted the company´s commercial success. Its products included telescopes, binoculars, microscopes, magnifying glasses and extending astronomical telescopes in hitherto unparalleled quality. Fraunhofer´s instruments were sold and put to use throughout Europe.
These instruments he himself developed, moreover, proved themselves indispensable to his own pioneering scientific work. His spectrometer allowed him to investigate sunlight and other sources of light with extraordinary precision; the optical gratings he constructed made it possible to analyze the phenomenon of diffraction and describe its effects on the manufacture of optical instruments.
Fraunhofer achieved national and international fame and won many honors for his unmatched optical instruments and scientific accomplishments. Leading scientists and politicians of the time visited him at his place of work. These notables included the physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss, Max I Joseph, King of Bavaria, and - it is widely believed - the Czar of Russia, Alexander I.
As a result of his scientific renown, against initial resistance on the part of established scientists, Fraunhofer was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences. The King of Bavaria made him a Knight of the Order of Civilian Service, thus raising him in status to one of the nobility. Joseph von Fraunhofer died of tuberculosis in 1826, at the age of 39.
His achievements
- The 9-inch refractor in the Deutsches Museum.
- Diffraction effects of light.
Fraunhofer is regarded as the founder of the scientific method in the sphere of optics and precision mechanics, as the first German exponent of precision optics, and at the same time as a successful entrepreneur.
After joining the Mathematical-Mechanical Institute with its glassworks in Benediktbeuern - the company owned by Reichenbach and Utzschneider - Fraunhofer concentrated his efforts first of all on improvements to the quality of glass. He conducted precisely documented experiments with altered raw materials and modified melting processes, thus enabling the manufacture of glass without streaks. At the same time, he implemented standards in the processing of finished glass - an absolute innovation at the time - and thereby made the final result independent of the respective skill of the individual lens-grinder.
His precise knowledge on the diffraction characteristics and color dispersion of different types of glass helped Fraunhofer to design exceptionally large achromatic telescopes. This led to a completely new generation of astronomic refraction instruments. They employed lens diameters and generated images of a quality hitherto considered impossible. The optical quality of these telescopes remained unsurpassed for many decades to follow, and enabled dramatic new astronomical discoveries. The astronomer and mathematician Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, for example, succeeded for the first time in 1883 with the help of the Fraunhofer heliometer to determine a fixed-star parallax. Fraunhofer´s most famous instrument is the parallactic assembled refractor he constructed for the Imperial Russian Observatory in Dorpat. With the identical 9-inch refractor on exhibit today in the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle succeeded in discovering the planet Neptune in 1846.
The new optical instruments developed by Fraunhofer were also of crucial significance in his own research work. Prisms which he made allowed him to investigate the spectrum of visible light. Other scientists before him had already noted dark strips in the spectrum of sunlight, but it was now Fraunhofer who first ascertained that these strips - known today as Fraunhofer lines - were an inherent property of sunlight. His fundamental research work on the spectral composition of light from various sources made Fraunhofer one of the founding fathers of modern spectral analysis.
Fraunhofer`s studies of the diffraction of light represented a further milestone in his scientific career. Using a diamond, he constructed a diffraction grating with grooves spaced only 0.003 millimeters apart. This enabled him to measure the wavelength of light in various colors with extraordinary precision.
Scientific research and practical applications were mutal stimuli in all of Fraunhofer´s work. The discovery and descriptive analysis of the absorption lines in the spectrum of sunlight, for example, allowed exact ascertainment of the diffraction characteristics of individual varieties of glass. Analysis of diffraction was of immediate practical value in the construction of improved telescopes. Fraunhofer was able to utilize the insights that he gained through experiment in the form of products and processes. The advances he achieved in the manufacture of optical instruments at the same time laid the basis for renewed success in his scientific research. In this way, Joseph von Fraunhofer was one of the true founders of modern application-oriented research.
His Legacy
Optics in science and technology today
- Processing of a workpiece by laser.
Joseph von Fraunhofer has had a lasting influence on optics with his fundamental and systematic research. His accomplishments are still of great relevance today, since optical systems are widespread and crucial part of our modern world.
This is most clearly apparent in the sphere of information and communications technology. Data transmission via glass fiber represents a vast improvement in performance over the earlier cables made of copper, and a great deal more information can be stored and accessed on optical CDs using lasers than on or in any other medium. The development of the Internet shows that the volume of data transfer taking place every day is constantly increasing, and in future will only be manageable with the help of optical systems of transmission and storage. Even today´s level of media consumption has only become possible through the use of optical data systems.
Light has become a universal tool in science and technology. When concentrated in the form of laser beam, it can be used to process materials and components. Powerful laser genertators allow several meters of sheet steel to be cut per second; the suitability of laser beams to high-precision control, on the other hand, facilitates their use for storage of data or laser printing.
Optical processes are playing an ever-greater role in measurement technology. With the help of lasers, even the tiniest impurities in the atmosphere several kilometers above the Earth can be detected and diagnosed. Spectral analysis, of which Joseph von Fraunhofer laid the technical foundations, is now a standard procedure in modern laboratory work.
In microelectronics, too, another key technology, optics play an essential part. Integrated circuits involve the exposure of photosentive materials to light prior to their chemical processing. The transmission of electrical and optical signals is a crucial development area in the field of modern microsystems.
Many modern medical practices would no longer be conceivable without optical systems. In surgery, lasers are finding ever-greater favor, and advanced optical endoscopes are essential instruments in minimally invasive surgery. Micro-optical analysis devices no larger than a wrist watch allow permanent monitoring of a patient´s physiological data.
Innovative sources of light give a new dimension to optical technology. Light-emitting diodes and diode lasers are now set to supplant conventional light bulbs; their applications include monitor screens, light signals, and lighting for rooms and vehicle interiors. With their long life, low price and reduced energy consumption, these new sources of light are certain to accomplish a breakthrough before long.
Joseph von Fraunhofer´s legacy lives on. He gave a decisive stimulus to optical developments continuing apace to this day.


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Happy Thanksgiving! Regularly Scheduled Articles Will Resume Monday, December 1
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November 4, 2014 6:00 am
Starting in November, we accept a different sort of journalism from our baseball writers. Should we?
Matthew Trueblood writes about baseball at Armside Run. You can reach him by email or on Twitter at @Arm_Side_Run.
There's a great essay by Bart Giamatti, written just after the end of the 1977 season, called "The Green Fields of the Mind." It's both laconic and flowing, hopeful and somber. It perfectly captures a certain moment in the life cycle of a baseball fan, and it's full of the warmth, pensiveness, and realism fans need in order to get through the winter in good spirits.
It belongs to another generation.
We no longer bemoan the absence of baseball all winter, the way we might have in 1977. Free agency was a new and ill-established phenomenon then; it's now a winter-long event unto itself. The winter trade market is livelier, although fewer total trades are made because of all those free agents. Baseball no longer abandons us; it just turns uglier. The rhythm of the offseason is much more jagged than that of the season. The stories we read are less and less focused on the game itself as the winter drags on. It all becomes about who's going where, and when, and for whom.
There's a whole new set of jargon one must learn in order to follow the Hot Stove maneuvering. It lacks any of the charm of "painting the black" or "worm burner," though. There's no imagery in it, no blood flowing to it. During the offseason, reading about baseball is all about trying to parse the intentionally opaque language reporters use to describe their (invariably) anonymous sources on the latest rumor.
Anonymous. That's the key word. It isn't necessarily an evil word, for a reporter, but it sure is a vexing one. In all arenas of American journalism, anonymous sourcing is "much more universal than it was in the Sixties," according to Dan Okrent, but the Society of Professional Journalists still takes caution and reticence as its official approach to the use of unnamed sources. The director of the Maine Center for Public Interest Reporting went a step further in a recent lecture, openly decrying the practice, and in particular, its proliferation in places where it feels unneeded.
November 3, 2014 6:00 am
One last look at the decision to hold Alex Gordon, from every angle.
A single play in the 2014 postseason captivated the baseball world: Alex Gordon's three-quarters trip around the bases as the Giants' outfield botched Gordon's line-drive single in the last inning of the World Series. And how could it not? Game Seven, two outs in the bottom of the ninth, down by one, and Gordon—the Royals' best hitter—facing the suddenly untouchable Madison Bumgarner with a ring on the line. Nate Silver, immediately after the play ended, tweeted the following:
October 9, 2014 8:28 am
It's that time of year: St. Louis in the postseason, its fans in the spotlight, the rest of the country unhappy. We let a Cardinals fan defend the Best Fans In Baseball.
Brian Gunn grew up in St. Louis, Missouri and for years ran a Cardinals' fan blog called Redbird Nation. A former guest contributor to sites like The Hardball Times and Baseball Analysts, he now works as a screenwriter in Los Angeles. We around here like him a lot, and we like his writing a lot, which is why we are letting him do the one thing the Internet generally does not abide: Stick up for Cardinals fans.
When I was growing up in St. Louis I'd sometimes be hanging out with my grandma, and the city of Dallas would come up in passing. Like we'd hear someone mention the Dallas Cowboys, or J.R. Ewing would be on TV, or we'd see some news clip about something that happened in Dallas. And every time my grandma would seethe with anger and mutter through her teeth: "Ooo, I hate Dallas!"
If you asked her why, she'd reply, matter-of-factly, "'Cause they killed Kennedy."
October 8, 2014 6:00 am
Aaron Judge has long arms. Hitters with long arms have swing-and-miss issues. Do two sentences make a destiny?
Few things scare scouts off a hitter more than high strikeout totals. We're trained to look past the numbers and to see just the player, rather than be swayed by, for example, gaudy numbers in an extreme hitting environment or against inferior competition—or the reverse. But high strikeout totals are one number that can set off scouts' alarms. Even the most successful minor-league hitters can, and usually will, struggle when they get to the majors if they have extreme swing-and-miss issues. As George Springer showed this year, a hitter with extreme strikeout tendencies can still be productive; that production might just come with a painfully low batting average.
A few weeks ago, I talked about how predetermined biases about a player can affect the evaluation process, especially with prospects for whom expectations play a large part. In the case of Yankees outfield prospect Aaron Judge, however, even if we can strip away all of the background information, forget about his success in college and forget that he was selected in the Yankees in the first round, we can't ignore that he is a tremendously large human being. I mean, he's just massive.
We know certain things that are generally pretty true about tall hitters. They typically hit for more power than their shorter counterparts, and at the same time, they generally swing and miss more. Part of that is due to the aforementioned propensity for power (as powerful swings tend to bring whiffs), but part is due to physics. Taller hitters have longer arms, and long arms make for long swings. The longer a swing, the more holes in it.
October 7, 2014 6:00 am
What makes a moment slow-motionable? What makes a moment made for soft focus and sepia? What will make you cry this month? It's complicated.
Throughout the playoffs, sportswritin' fella Miles Wray will be writing for us about the production of postseason baseball. What Miles takes that vague phrase to mean will be as much of a surprise to me as it will be to you. Here's his first piece.
Allow me to propose a new term for the baseball lexicon: Octoberness. Noun. Used in a sentence: "Derek Jeter joyously dogpiling with Mariano Rivera, Jorge Posada, and Bernie Williams sure is peak Octoberness.
Octoberness, along with all of playoff baseball, is something just slightly separate from regular baseball; not necessarily better or worse so much as easier to recall, easier to retell, easier to manipulate. Regular baseball is feeling your arms sunburn as the losing manager slowly strolls out to pull another reliever in an 8-2 game. Octoberness is David Ortiz launching a ball over the Monstah at midnight, his breath misting in the air as he rounds the bases. Regular baseball is Aramis Ramirez. Octoberness is David Freese.
September 23, 2014 6:00 am
What are we talking about when we talk about disappointment?
"(A box score) doesn't tell how big you are, what church you attend, what color you are, or how your father voted in the last election. It just tells what kind of baseball player you were on that particular day." –Branch Rickey
If only it were still that simple. Back when Rickey was making personnel decisions for major-league organizations, and those last three traits were actually factors in how people were judged, it was a lot easier to evaluate a ballplayer without knowing too much about him. But with phones and tablets now as essential to the scouting toolbox as a stopwatch, with three different prospect rankings appearing on players' Baseball-Reference pages, with signing bonuses public (and publicy debated), with the conversation about some players' draft stock now rivaling the lifespan and intrigue of a presidential primary, that's no longer the case.
Colin Moran is not a bad baseball player. The University of North Carolina doesn't recruit bad baseball players. Bad baseball players don't get popped sixth overall in the major-league draft. And bad baseball players don't hit .296 between High- and Double-A, as Moran did in 2014, his first full year among the professional ranks.
Yet to hear many evaluators talk—to hear me at certain points during this season—you might think Moran is just terrible. Throughout a season of sitting behind home plate, I saw no player inspire more head shakes, shoulder shrugs and eye rolling than Moran. "How was this guy the sixth-best amateur player in the country last year," I heard from more than one scout. I wasn't terribly kind in my initial write-up of Moran, saying "I came away feeling very underwhelmed with the player."
August 29, 2014 6:00 am
Many a day has passed, the night has gone by, but still I find the time to put that bump off in your eye.
Sam Miller: So with Jason Parks gone, we thought it was appropriate that the staff assess his tenure here and make sure that his future employers know what they're getting: A guy who will write the occasional scouting report in the voice of Bud Cort's character in Electric Dreams; a guy who will push to sign every cast member from the Venezuelan remake of The Outsiders based solely on the way they wrap cigarette boxes in their t-shirt sleeves; and so on.
So, everybody: Now's the time to pile on. Consider this something like a roast. Profanity follows.
Joe Hamrahi: Everything is fair game here folks!
February 28, 2003 4:37 pm
It was classic McLain: charming, cocky, arrogant, reckless. A rebel or a punk, take your pick, and your choice likely depended on your age and your politics. Just 24 years old, McLain had played by his own rules his whole life, and as the first 30-game winner in baseball in 34 years, he could get away with just about anything.
On September 19, 1968 at Tiger Stadium, Detroit right-hander Denny McLain was cruising along in the top of the eighth with a 6-1 lead over the New York Yankees. He had won his 30th game five days earlier, and the Tigers had already clinched the American League pennant. When Yankee first baseman Mickey Mantle came to bat with one out and nobody on, McLain let Mantle know that he would give him whatever pitch Mickey wanted. Mantle signaled for a fastball letter high, McLain delivered it, and Mantle hit it into the right field seats for his 535th career home run. Although McLain was coy after the game in the locker room, everyone knew what had happened.
It was classic McLain: charming, cocky, arrogant, reckless. A rebel or a punk, take your pick, and your choice likely depended on your age and your politics. Just 24 years old, McLain had played by his own rules his whole life, and as the first 30-game winner in baseball in 34 years, he could get away with just about anything. He knew it. He had a prickly relationship with his teammates, managers, and the fans, all of whom he was apt to criticize in the press. Bill Freehan, his catcher, once wrote, "The rules for Denny just don't seem to be the same as for the rest of us."
On the mound, he was a gunfighter. He pulled his hat brim down so low that he had to cock his head upwards to see the signs from his catcher. He worked fast and without deception. He used fastballs and hard sliders for the most part, challenging the hitter with every pitch. If a batter hit the ball hard, the next time up McLain would give him the same pitch in the same location.
Off the field, McLain's life was equally carefree and, it would turn out, even more reckless. His idol was Frank Sinatra, not so much for his singing voice but because he exuded wealth and power. He was an accomplished organist--he played the Ed Sullivan Show, headlined gigs in Las Vegas, cut a few records. He flew his own airplane.
In 1969 McLain and Pete Rose co-authored an instructional booklet called "How to Play Better Baseball." The project likely did not require that Rose and McLain get together to work on the book, which is unfortunate. If they had, they would have discovered that they had a lot in common.
McLain won the Cy Young Award, MVP, and the World Series in 1968, and won the Cy Young again in 1969 when he won 24 games. He made $100,000 from the Tigers, and at least that much off the field. He seemed to be living the dream life. And suddenly, he wasn't.
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February 28, 2003 4:31 pm
The phrase "a walk is as good as a hit" has echoed through our noggins since Little League. Though not exactly true, the ability to reach base without putting the ball in play is a valuable offensive weapon; advances in sabermetrics have enabled us to quantify the value of a walk and hit-by-pitch quite precisely.
As a guy who regularly leads his slow pitch softball team in walks, I have an appreciation for players who find ways to take a leisurely stroll to first base. Ron Hunt's maddening ability to get some part of his body in front of a pitched ball, Dale Berra's knack for having his bat tick the catcher's leather, Lance Blankenship coaxing four wide ones while hovering around the Mendoza Line--all are uncanny talents.
This study is designed to identify hitters that had the greatest percentage of their offensive game as a result of walks and hit-by-pitches. This is very different than leading the league in the counting or rate statistics attached to those categories. Ted Williams led the American League in bases-on-balls eight different times, but was such a force at the plate that he still would have been an outstanding offensive player had he walked half as often. The idea is to recognize players who made the slow walk up the first baseline an art form, who were and are somehow able to finagle pitches outside the strike zone despite being less than imposing figures with a bat in their hands.
After monkeying around with various combinations of on-base percentage, batting average and slugging percentage, I tossed them aside and settled on the following formula, calling the result the "Walking Man Quotient" (WMQ):
The denominator is part of the basic formula that Clay Davenport uses to calculate Equivalent Average (EqA). Dividing it into the walk and hit-by-pitch components approximates those components as a percentage of the hitter's total offensive output. Patient sluggers like Williams and Mickey Mantle will occasionally have a high WMQ in years when their numbers are down, but the players with the best ratios will neither hit for average nor power while still collecting scads of walks and hit-by-pitches.
With that background, here are the Top 20 single-season WMQs of all-time (post-1900, minimum 400 plate appearances):
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February 26, 2003 6:23 pm
While we wait breathlessly for word from Cooperstown about the results of the new Veterans Committee balloting, the STATLG-L Internet Hall of Fame voters have spoken their collective mind here on BP.
While we wait breathlessly for word from Cooperstown about the results of the new Veterans Committee balloting, the STATLG-L Internet Hall of Fame voters have spoken their collective mind here on BP.
Well, sort of. The voting patterns on the two ballots (Players and Composite) were rather similar in some respects. On both ballots, only one person received the support of as much as half of the voters. On both ballots, the average voter cast votes for only a small number of candidates. On both ballots, nearly half of the candidates were able to attract the votes of fewer than 10% of the IHOF voters.
Players Ballot
It turned out to be a pretty good day for Chicago at the top of the Players ballot. If the Hall of Famers cast their ballots in a manner similar to what our 1,789 participants did, the long, long wait is finally over for Ron Santo. The great Cubbie third baseman made it past the 75% plateau with 42 votes to spare; he was named on just over 77% of the ballots. With just over 40% of the vote, Minnie Minoso, who spent much of his career playing for the White Sox, finished a distant second to Santo. The only other man to garner as much as one-third of the votes on the Players ballot was Dick Allen, who spent three years on the South Side (among them, his 1972 MVP season). As a long-suffering Phillies phan, however, I will forever remember him in red pinstripes.
The complete tally on the Players ballot is displayed below:
Player Votes Percent Ron Santo 1384 77.4% Minnie Minoso 731 40.9% Dick Allen 638 35.7% Joe Torre 559 31.2% Gil Hodges 394 22.0% Tony Oliva 388 21.7% Curt Flood 361 20.2% Roger Maris 353 19.7% Joe Gordon 302 16.9% Carl Mays 262 14.6% Maury Wills 225 12.6% Ken Boyer 213 11.9% Bobby Bonds 213 11.9% Thurman Munson 179 10.0% Don Newcombe 139 7.8% Wes Ferrell 135 7.5% Vada Pinson 128 7.2% Mickey Lolich 100 5.6% Elston Howard 91 5.1% Rocky Colavito 88 4.9% Mike G. Marshall 87 4.9% Ted Kluszewski 84 4.7% Allie Reynolds 74 4.1% Marty Marion 54 3.0% Ken R. Williams 43 2.4% Bob Meusel 36 2.0% TOTAL 7261 Total Ballots Cast: 1789 Votes Per Ballot: 4.06
February 26, 2003 6:16 pm
Between a careful analysis of what data is available, the creative use of proxy variables in estimating injuries throughout time, and the application of some principles of sports medicine, we are at least in a position to make some educated guesses about the nature of pitcher injuries. Our particular focus in this article will be the progression of pitcher injury rates by age.
Pitching is an unnatural act that invites injury. The stress it places on the bones of the shoulder, arm, and back is immense. The strain it places on the 36 muscles that attach to the humerus, clavicle, and scapula is remarkable. It is widely accepted by sports medicine practitioners that every pitch causes at least some amount of damage to the system.
It seems fair to say that the study of pitcher injuries is an important part of sabermetric analysis. The statistical evidence available to test theories about pitcher injuries, however, is often missing. While there are databases that contain every recorded statistic from the days of Al Spalding and beyond, and others that document every play of every game in the past 30 years, a comprehensive database of player injury history simply doesn't exist.
However, between a careful analysis of what data is available, the creative use of proxy variables in estimating injuries throughout time, and the application of some principles of sports medicine, we are at least in a position to make some educated guesses about the nature of pitcher injuries. Our particular focus in this article will be the progression of pitcher injury rates by age.
Methodology and Statistical Results
To create an actuarial backbone for our study, we applied the same approach that is used to calculate attrition rate in the PECOTA forecasts. Attrition rate describes the percentage of pitchers who experience a decline in their innings pitched of at least 50 percent. Such a dramatic decline will not always indicate that a serious injury has occurred--it can also reflect demotion, retirement, and so on. However, by placing a few restrictions on our dataset, we can serve to limit these cases, and use attrition rate as a reasonable proxy for catastrophic injury.
In order to be included in the study, a pitcher needed to have pitched at least 150 innings in the previous season, with a park-adjusted ERA no more than 10 percent worse than his league average. That is, our study was focused on pitchers who had already pitched at least one effective season in the major leagues, and who were likely to have every opportunity to do so again in the absence of significant injury. All pitchers from 1946-2002 were considered, with innings pitched totals prorated over a 162-game schedule. The chart below tracks attrition rate at different ages throughout a pitcher's career.
February 21, 2003 6:06 pm
There is enough evidence to perform at least an exploratory empirical analysis of what types of skills are best accentuated by Coors Field.
Up until now, the Coors Field Wars have been fought from the top down. There have plenty of theories advanced about what sort of hitter should do well at Coors. Joe Sheehan presented one theory (players who put the ball in play make best use of Coors), Rany Jazayerli presented another (high altitude provides a comparative advantage to whiff-prone hitters by reducing strikeouts), and Dan O'Dowd has tested out both theories and then some in his manic building and rebuilding of the Rockies.
What hasn't been done, at least so far as I am aware, is a systematic study of what sort of hitters actually have benefited from high altitude. Baseball in Denver is no longer a novelty; the Rockies have accumulated tens of thousands of plate appearances in their decade of existence. There is enough evidence to perform at least an exploratory empirical analysis of what types of skills are best accentuated by the ballpark.
Including the Mile High years, there have been 29 hitters with significant major league experience in another organization who accumulated at least 130 plate appearances in a season in purple pinstripes. Although it would be stretch to call any of those hitters an established superstar prior to his initiation as a Rockie - Larry Walker can make the best case - they represent every possible permutation of strength and deficiency. It would be hard to identify two more opposite players than Dante Bichette and Alex Cole, who took the outfield together in the Rockies' first ever home game on April 9, 1993.
I turned back the clock and ran PECOTA projections for each of these 29 players. There are only a couple of differences between this set of forecasts and those that appear in this year's book. First, because we do not have Davenport Translations that far back into time, only major league stats were used; thus the emphasis on established major leaguers. Second, all players were projected into a neutral park and league. The PECOTA system makes certain assumptions about how to apply park effects - all players are not treated equally. In this case, however, we're using our forecasting system to test out certain theories about actual performance, and not the other way around; introducing PECOTA's notions about park effects would bias the analysis.
We can get away with comparing park-neutral forecasts to park-affected results by using a measure for value that places all players back on an equal footing - in this case, Equivalent Average. Our nouveau Rockies are listed in the table below, sorted by the difference between their expected and actual EQA.


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Optical polarimetry of the blazar CGRaBS~ J0211+1051 from MIRO
ABSTRACT We report the detection of high polarization in the first detailed optical
linear polarization measurements on the BL Lac object CGRaBS J0211+1051, which
flared in $\gamma$-rays on 2011 January 23 as reported by Fermi. The
observations were made during 2011 January 30 - February 3 using
photo-polarimeter mounted at the 1.2m telescope of Mt Abu InfraRed
Observatory(MIRO). The CGRaBS J0211+1051 was detected to have $\sim21.05\pm
0.41%$ degree of polarization (DP) with steady position angle (PA) at
43$^\circ$ on 2011 January 30. During Jan 31 and Feb 1, while polarization
shows some variation, position angle remains steady for the night. Several
olarization flashes occurred during February 2 and 3 resulting in changes in
the DP by more than 4% at short time scales ($\sim$ 17 to 45 mins). A mild
increase in the linear polarization with frequency is noticed during the nights
of February 2 & 3. The source exhibited significant inter-night variations in
the degree of polarization (changed by about 2 to 9%) and position angle
(changed by 2 to 22$^\circ$) during the five nights of observations. The
intra-night activity shown by the source appears to be related to turbulence in
the relativistic jet. Sudden change in the PA accompanied by a rise in the DP
could be indicative of the fresh injection of electrons in the jet. The
detection of high and variable degree of polarization categorizes the source as
low energy peaked blazar.
- Citations (13)
- Cited In (0)
- SourceAvailable from: ArXiv[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: (Abriged) Intranight polarization variability in AGN has not been studied extensively so far. Studying the variability in polarization makes it possibly to distinguish between different emission mechanisms. Thus it can help answering the question if intranight variability in radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN is of the same or of fundamentally different origin. In this paper we investigate intranight polarization variability in AGN. Our sample consists of 28 AGN at low to moderate redshifts (0.048 < z < 1.036), 12 of which are radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) and 16 are radio-loud blazars. The subsample of blazars consists of eight flat-spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQs) and eight BL Lac objects. We find clear differences between the two samples. A majority of the radio-loud AGN show moderate to high degrees of polarization, more than half of them also show variability in polarization. There seems to be a dividing line for polarization intranight variability at P~5 per cent over which all objects vary in polarization. Only two out of 12 radio-quiet quasars show polarized emission, both at levels of P<1 per cent. The lack of polarization intranight variability in radio-quiet AGN points towards accretion instabilities being the cause for intranight flux variability whereas the high duty cycle of polarization variability in radio-loud objects is more likely caused by instabilities in the jet or changes of physical conditions in the jet plasma.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 05/2009; · 5.52 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have assembled an 8.4 GHz survey of bright, flat-spectrum (α > -0.5) radio sources with nearly uniform extragalactic (|b| > 10°) coverage for sources brighter than S4.8 GHz = 65 mJy. The catalog is assembled from existing observations (especially CLASS and the Wright et al. PMN-CA survey), augmented by reprocessing of archival VLA and ATCA data and by new observations to fill in coverage gaps. We refer to this program as CRATES, the Combined Radio All-Sky Targeted Eight GHz Survey. The resulting catalog provides precise positions, subarcsecond structures, and spectral indices for some 11,000 sources. We describe the morphology and spectral index distribution of the sample and comment on the survey's power to select several classes of interesting sources, especially high-energy blazars. Comparison of CRATES with other high-frequency surveys also provides unique opportunities for identification of high-power radio sources.The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 12/2008; 171(1):61. · 16.24 Impact Factor
Article: The MIT-Green Bank (MG) 5 GHz survey[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The catalog yielded by the MIT-Green Bank 5-GHz survey contains 5974 sources with S/N ratio greater than 5; a supplemental catalog contains 3836 possible detections with S/N of less than 5. The reliability of the main list is measured to be about 96 percent, with a completeness of about 95 percent. Flux density errors are a function of flux density. A comparison is presently made of survey sources from the Douglas et al. (1980) 365-MHz Texas survey; spectral indices are computed for coincident sources, and the distribution of spectral indices is discussed.The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 06/1986; · 16.24 Impact Factor
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arXiv:1105.0572v1 [astro-ph.HE] 3 May 2011
Submitted to ApJL.
Optical polarimetry of the blazar CGRaBS J0211+1051 from
Sunil Chandra, Kiran S. Baliyan, Shashikiran Ganesh & Umesh C. Joshi
Astronomy & Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad-380009,
We report the detection of high polarization in the first detailed optical linear
polarization measurements on the BL Lac object CGRaBS J0211+1051, which
flared in γ-rays on 2011 January 23 as reported by Fermi. The observations were
made during 2011 January 30 - February 3 using photo-polarimeter mounted
at the 1.2m telescope of Mt Abu InfraRed Observatory(MIRO). The CGRaBS
J0211+1051 was detected to have ∼ 21.05 ± 0.41% degree of polarization (DP)
with steady position angle (PA) at 43◦on 2011 January 30. During Jan 31 and
Feb 1, while polarization shows some variation, position angle remains steady for
the night. Several polarization flashes occurred during February 2 and 3 resulting
in changes in the DP by more than 4% at short time scales (∼ 17 to 45 mins). A
mild increase in the linear polarization with frequency is noticed during the nights
of February 2 & 3. The source exhibited significant inter-night variations in the
degree of polarization (changed by about 2 to 9%) and position angle (changed
by 2 to 22◦) during the five nights of observations. The intra-night activity shown
by the source appears to be related to turbulence in the relativistic jet. Sudden
change in the PA accompanied by a rise in the DP could be indicative of the
fresh injection of electrons in the jet. The detection of high and variable degree
of polarization categorizes the source as low energy peaked blazar.
Subject headings: Galaxies: active— galaxies: nuclei— techniques: polarimetric—
methods: observational— BL Lacertae objects: individual (CGRaBS J0211+1051)
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1. Introduction
CGRaBS J0211+1051, also known as MG1 J021114+1051, 1FGL J0211.2+1049, 87GB
020832.6+103726 etc, (RA 02:11:13.2, DEC 10:51:35, J2000) was found to have a featureless
optical spectrum and R-band magnitude of 15.42 in optical characterization of bright blazars
in the uniform all sky survey, CGRaBS (Healey et al. 2008). It was identified as radio source
and/or BL Lac object in 8.4GHz survey of bright, flat-spectrum radio sources (Healey et al.
2007) and in several other surveys, including 4775 MHz survey (Lawrence et al.
Snellen et al.(2002) did optical identification of the radio sources from Jodrell Bank-
VLA astrometry survey with S6cm > 200mJy and reported R-band magnitude of 15.41
along with 384 mJy and 318 mJy flux values at 5 GHz and 1.4 GHz, respectively. The
source was detected in γ-rays (E> 100Mev) by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board
Fermi and is listed in the first Fermi catalog (Abdo et al. 2010). Recently, the redshift of
CGRaBS J0211+1051 was estimated to be z = 0.20±0.05 from its host galaxy observations
(Meisner & Romani 2010).
On 2011 January 23, flaring activity at γ-Rays (E> 100MeV ) was detected in CGRaBS
J0211+1051 by the LAT on-board Fermi (D'Ammando et al 2011a). The measured flux at
the level of 1.0(±0.3)×10−6ph cm−2s−1was 25 times the flux averaged over last 11 months
(Abdo et al. 2010). Swift/UVOT TOI observations (D'Ammando et al. 2011b) on 2011
January 25 found CGRaBS J0211+1051 about 1.3 and 1.4 magnitude brighter in U-band
(13.77±0.03 mag) and W2-band (14.44±0.04 mag) respectively, as compared to their values
on 2010 March 5. Swift also observed CGRaBS J0211+1051 in V band with 14.00 ± 0.08
mag. On 2011 January 27, Nesci (2011) reported Rcband magnitude of 13.37 for the source
showing it to be 1.74mag brighter than POSS I red plate value and Digitized First Byurakan
Survey (DFBS) value of R=15.1 as obtained in 1950 and 1971, respectively.
Kudelina et al.
(Lipunov et al. 2004), found the source to have continuously increased in brightness from
14.45 mag in white light on 2010 February 3 to 13.35 mag on 2011 January 24. The unfiltered
magnitudes in their observations were estimated based on 3-comparison stars in the USNO
B1.0 catalogue. Djorgovski et al. (2011) report a steady rise from 15.6 mag in 2008, to
13.5 mag on 24 Jan 2011, with superposed variations on a month time scale with amplitudes
as large as 0.5 - 1 mag. The source also showed two sharp flares, in mid-Nov. 2006 (peak
magnitude 14.2) and in early September 2007 (peak magnitude 14.4). All these reports
suggest that CGRaBS J0211+1051 was in brightening phase for last several years with short
(months) time scale variations. The amplitude of variation (0.5 - 1 mag) on a time scale
of months suggests strong activity in the source in optical while it is flaring in high energy
γ-rays. It would be interesting to see the behaviour of this source on intra-night time scales
(2011), based on their past observations made with MASTER-net
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with continuous monitoring.
Following the flaring of the source in γ-rays, Gorbovskoy et al. (2011) made optical
polarimetric measurements in V-band using MASTER-net observational sites at Tunka-
Baykal and Amur-Blagoveschensk and found the source to have 12 % polarization on 2011
January 28. The corresponding V-band brightness magnitude of the source was about 13.65
mag. Chandra et al. (2011) detected even higher degree of polarization (>21%) in white light
during their observations from Mt Abu InfraRed Observatory (MIRO) on 2011 January 30.
Extreme variations in the flux and polarization at various time scales across the whole
electromagnetic spectrum are the characteristics of the blazars, a subclass of AGNs seen at
small angle (≤ 10◦) to the jet emanating from very close to the black hole (Urry & Padovani
1995; Blandford & Konigl 1979). Such variations could be caused by the perturbations in
accretion disk or relativistic jet as descibed by several models (e.g. Mangalam & Wiita 1993;
Marscher & Gear 1985; Qian et al. 1991; Marscher 1996; Gopal-Krishna & Wiita 1992).
Since radio to x-ray emission in blazars can be associated with synchrotron radiation,
systematic polarization measurements provide important tool to understand the nature of
such variations and help constrain the models of emission. A detailed review of polarization
properties of the blazars is given by Angel & Stockman (1980). The study of variation
in polarization is also useful in probing the structure of the jet and the nature of physical
processes in AGNs (Marscher 2006; Andruchow, Romero & Cellone 2005; Villforth et al.
2009). Motivated by this, we made detailed optical polarization measurements from the
MIRO during 2011 January 30 to February 3. The main objective being to investigate the
day-to-day variability in polarization and position angle and any possible intra-night activity
in the source. These are, to our belief, first detailed and systematic polarization data on the
CGRaBS J0211+1051 reported so far.
2.Observations & Data Analysis
The observations were made using the two channel PRL Photo-polarimeter (PRLPOL)
mounted on the Cassegrain focus of the 1.2-m telescope of MIRO, operated by the Physical
Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India during five consecutive nights, 2011 January 30 to
February 3. The PRLPOL, described in detail by Deshpande et al. (1985), was recently fully
refurbished and automated(Ganesh et al. 2009). It is a rotating half-wave plate polarimeter
with a Wollaston prism that divides the incident light beam into two components, each one
directed to a different photomultiplier tube. The instrument has a UBV RI-system filter
wheel and a second wheel with diaphragms of different sized apertures. The observations
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were carried out mostly in the white light to maximize the signal. For white light, the effective
wavelength is determined by the sensitivity of the detector, here PMT (EMI 9863B) which
peaks at ∼ λ = 480nm for CGRaBS J0211+1051. Some measurements were made with B,
V and R -bands to investigate any wavelength dependence of polarization. We adopted sky-
source-sky observation strategy for the observations where, alternately, sky and source were
kept at the center of the aperture. The sky measurements were taken about 30" away from
the source. The exposure time for both, the sky and the source was kept 40 seconds during
all the five nights for unfiltered white light observations and 120 secs for observations in B, V
and R bands on 2011 February 2-3. The appropriate size of the aperture is chosen keeping in
mind the optimum value of S/N ratio and the prescription of Andruchow, Cellone & Romero
(2008) for avoiding spurious variations caused by the possible change in the seeing and the
contamination by the host galaxy thermal emission which tends to decrease the value of
intrinsic polarization. Too small (∼ FWHM) an aperture will introduce spurious variations
if the seeing changes while a large one would result in suppression of any intrinsic variation
and extent of the polarization of the source. In the present case, the host galaxy is more
than three magnitude fainter than the source (Meisner & Romani 2010) as the source is in
relatively brighter phase (Nesci 2011; Kudelina et al. 2011). Based on these criteria we use
10 arcsec aperture for the target and other stars used for the calibration. Weather conditions
were photometric with a moonless sky, which was more than two magnitude fainter than the
The degree of polarization and position angle are obtained from the online data reduction
performed after each integration invoking a least square fit to the counts from the two
PMTs as a function of the position of the rotating half wave plate. The mean error in
the polarization is estimated from the actual deviation of the counts from the fitted curve.
Standard stars were observed every night to determine the zero point for the position angle
and the instrumental polarization, which was found to be negligibly small (< 0.02).
3. Results & Discussion
The position angle of polarization (PA) for the source was corrected using measurements
on the 9-Gem and error in PA was calculated using the expression by Serkowski (1974 ).
The nightly averaged values of DP and PA were calculated and their standard deviations
obtained. In Table 1 we report polarization data during the observing run giving date,
MJD, duration of observation in hours, nightly averaged values of the DP, PA and their
respective standard deviations. The polarization data reported here are obtained through
10 arcsec aperture as mentioned in the earlier section. The sky was very stable and more
Page 5
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than two magnitude fainter than the source throughout the observations. A larger aperture
might result in significant reduction in the DP due to the thermal emission from the host
galaxy contaminating the non-thermal emission from the nucleus, particularly when the
host galaxy is bright. In the present case, CGRaBS J0211+1051 and its host galaxy have I'
band magnitudes of 15.32 and 16.91, respectively, as reported by Meisner & Romani (2010)
during their 2008 October 31 to November 2 observations. Since galaxy light peaks in the
near IR band and has reduced brightness at shorter wavelength, the effect of galaxy light
contaminating the nuclear emission will reduce in the optical B, V and R bands. Also, the
source was in fairly bright phase during our observations (Nesci 2011; Kudelina et al. 2011)
as compared to the 2008 level, therefore we do not expect any significant contamination of
the nuclear light. Nevertheless, the polarization values reported here should be marginally
lower than their intrinsic values.
The blazars are known to show large amplitude rapid variations in flux and polarization
at various time scales. The nature of such variations can be used to infer the physical
processes at work in these sources. To investigate the intra-night polarization behaviour of
CGRaBS J0211+1051, DP and PA are plotted as a function time (MJD) in Fig.1(a-c) and
Fig.2(a,b) for the observations in Jan 30 to Feb 1 (in white light) and Feb 2 & 3 (in B,V,
R bands & white light), respectively. In the following we present polarization results from
these observations on nightly basis.
On 2011 January 30, source was highly polarized at more than 21% level during 20
mins of observations (Fig.1a). The PA was ∼ 43 deg. We do not notice any significant
variation in DP or PA during this night. However, this value of DP is much higher than
the value reported by Gorbovskoy et al. (2011) on 2011 January 28 (DP=12%), just two
days prior to our measurements. We have 14 data points on January 31 obtained within
0.7 hrs of observation. At the onset of observations, DP is about 13%, increasing to 13.8%
before falling by 2.7% to 11.1% within about 20 mins (decay rate ∼ 8%/Hr). The DP starts
increasing again and reaches about 13.2% level in 18 mins time (rising rate 7%/Hr) . PA,
however, remains well behaved without any appreciable variation. February 1 has large
number of observational points (87) during 2.4 hrs of observation. Several microvariability
events appear to be superimposed over a non-varying component (Fig. 1c). However, except
for the two events beginning at MJD 55593.424 and MJD 55593.446 with more than 2σ
amplitude of variation in DP, all other events show ∼ 1σ variation. The position angle stays
within 31±3 deg without any structures.
The situation is entirely different on February 2 and 3 when CGRaBS J0211+1051 shows
considerable variation as shown in Fig.2(a,b). During these two nights, in addition to white
light, we also made observations in B, V and R filter bands to see any wavelength dependence
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in the DP and PA. On February 2, DP rises from 11.5% (at time 4.392) to 13.5% (at time
4.416) in white light (cf Fig.2a). The rise continues in B band observations reaching more
than 15% at MJD=55594.43. Beyond that, DP decreases in V and R bands, partly perhaps
due to the increase in wavelength and partly due to intrinsic variation in the polarization
of the source. Towards the end, observations are again in white light and DP shows slight
increase. PA largely remains within ± 3 degree range. Fig.2b shows polarization behaviour of
CGRaBS J0211+1051 during February 3. Interestingly, the curve shows three quasi-periodic
polarization flashes with significant amplitude of variation (up to 4%) through observations
made with B, V, R bands and unfiltered white light. These events have fast rise and fall
time scales ranging from 17 to 32 mins. PA varies between 41 & 46 deg during the course of
observations and can be considered as mildly variable.
February 2 and 3 measurements with B, V and R bands are indicative of the trend
that degree of polarization increases with frequency in BL Lacs. The DP in B-band shows
clear increase over R and V band values (Fig 2) which can not be only due to the intrinsic
variation as variation time scales are expected to be longer than the temporal resolution (2
mins) used here.
Now let us look at the Inter-night variations during 2011 Jan 30 to Feb 3. The Table 1
and Fig.3 show avaraged DP(%) and PA(◦) for all these nights. The error bars in the figure
reflect the spread (1σ) due to intra-night variations in addition to the measurement errors.
It is evident from the observed data that source was highly polarized on January 30 with DP
about 21% which decreases by 9% and 11% on Jan 31, and Feb 1, respectively. It then starts
increasing again reaching 15.5 % on Feb 3. The PA also changes significantly from night to
night, initially following the changes in DP but dropping to 45◦on the last night while DP
increases to more than 15%. We notice changes in PA by 2 to 22 deg while remaining within
28 to 53◦range during our observations.
Apart from visual inspection of the polarization curves to look for variations, we also
carried out statistical analysis to detect and quantify the variation parameters using the
criterion of Kesteven, Bridle, & Brandie (1976) applied by several authors to the variabil-
ity studies (eg Romero, Combi, & Colomb 1994). Here, the variability in DP and PA is
described by the fluctuation index µ and the fractional variability index of the source FV
obtained from the individual night's data. The corresponding expressions are:
µ = 100σS
FV =Smax− Smin
Smax+ Smin,
Page 7
– 7 –
where σSis the standard deviation, ?S? is the mean value of the DP or the PA obtained
during the particular night, Smaxand Sminare, respectively, the maximum and minimum
values for the DP or PA. The source is classified as variable if the probability of exceeding
the observed value of
(Si− ?S?)2
by chance is < 0.1 %, and non-variable if the probability is > 0.5 %. For in between values
of p(x2), source can be taken as possibly variable (PV). In the above expression, ǫi are
the uncertainties in the individual measurements. If the errors are random, x2should be
distributed as χ2with n − 1 degrees of freedom, where n is the number of points in the
Table 2 shows the values of the variability parameters for the DP and PA. Columns 1
& 2 give the Date and the number of observation points, Columns 3 -5 present the values
of µ, FV and χ2for DP, and Column 6 gives the status of the source (V: Variable; NV:
Non-variable; PV: Possibly Variable). Rest of the 4-columns give values of µ, FI, χ2and
variability status for PA. These results quantitatively substantiate significant intra-night
variability during February 2 & 3 in the polarization behaviour of the source.
Let us briefly discuss these results.
The observed optical emission in blazars originates in a part of the accretion disk and the
inner (pc-scale) regions of the jet. Thus, one can discuss the possible reasons behind the
variations in the degree of polarization and position angle over various time scales. The
polarization caused by the electron or dust scattering in the accretion disk is usually low (few
percent). Since CGRaBS J0211+1051 shows high DP (10-21%) during present observations,
emission must be dominated by the relativistic jet, aligned at a small angle to the line of
sight. This emission is synchrotron radiation from the relativistically moving electrons in
the jet and is highly polarized (> 70%) if the magnetic field is uniformly aligned. Reduced
observed DP indicates a chaotic magnetic field, which can be described in terms of N cells
with uniform field but randomly oriented. The degree of polarization is also reduced by
geometrical depolarization due to variation of the magnetic field orientation along line of
sight and the contamination by the thermal emission from host galaxy. The position angle
is orthogonal to the projected direction of the magnetic field. However, relativistic motion
aberrates the angle resulting in PA to be more aligned with the jet direction (Marscher
2006). In BL Lacs, the parsec scale magnetic field in the jet is tangled and shocks moving
down the jet compress the magnetic fields, aligning it perpendicular to the flow direction
(Marscher & Gear 1985). The interaction of relativistic shocks with features in the pc-scale
Page 8
– 8 –
jet results in rapid variations in the flux and polarization (Marscher et al. 1992; Qian et al.
1991). The features are varied in nature depending upon the model and generally are sub-pc
in size. Macroscopic Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are capable of producing such features in
the inner beam. Quasi-periodic variations could be caused by the regularly spaced obstacles
in the path of the jet. Such models can explain variations with time scales of weeks to
days. Faster variations down to the sub-hour time scales can not be explained due to limited
thickness of the shocks. The rapid, intra-night flickerings in the degree of polarization as
observed during 2011 February 1-3 could be the effect of turbulence in the post-shock region
of the jet.
The position angle of polarization suffered drastic changes between the nights of January
30 & 31, February 2 & 3 by > 8◦and 10◦, respectively. The DP changed by more than and
8% and 3% during these periods. The DP changed by more than 9% during January 28 (12%
as reported by Gorbovskoy et al. (2011)) and Juanury 30 (21%). These sudden changes in
the PA and DP might be due to fresh injection of plasma blobs in the jet on January 28
and February 2. The shocks thus formed compress and enhance the magnetic field parallel
to the shock front giving rise to sudden changes in the PA and DP.
The extent and nature of linear polarization exhibited by CGRaBS J0211+1051 during
2011 Januray 30 to February 3 led us to infer that CGRaBS J0211+1051 is low energy peaked
BL Lac which was in bright and active phase. Multifrequency observations are required to
study its spectral energy distribution and determine the position of the two peaks.
4. Conclusions
First detailed optical polarization measurements are reported for the blazar CGRaBS
J0211+1051 performed during 2011 January 30 to February 3. The source shows high and
variable degree of polarization ranging from 21% to 10% during this period. We do not see
significant intra-night variation during first three nights. However, substantial intra-night
variability is seen on February 2 & 3 with DP changing by more than 4%. The position angle
of polarization remains within 2σ during the individual nights but changes significantly from
night to night. The sudden changes in position angle could be indicative of the fresh injection
of the shocks in the jet. The rapid intra-night flickerings in the polarization appear to be
due to small scale turbulence in the post-shock region of the jet.
There are no other polarization results in the literature for this source except for a report
of 12% polarization on 2011 Jan 28 by Gorbovskoy et al. (2011). The present results show
a variation in DP from about 21% to 10% during 2011 January 30 - February 3 and therefore
Page 9
– 9 –
their value is in agreement with ours. The high value of polarization confirms the source to
be a low energy peaked BL Lac (LBL) object. More multi-wavelengths observations, along
with VLBI imaging, are needed to study the structure and spectral energy distribution of
the source to constrain the models of variability.
This work is supported by the Department of Space, Government of India.
Facilities: MIRO:1.2m (PRLPOL)
Abdo, A. A., et al. 2010, ApJS, 188, 405
Andruchow, I., Cellone, S., & Romero, G. E. 2008, MNRAS, 388, 1766
Andruchow, I., Romero, G. E. , & Cellone, S. 2005, A&A, 442, 97
Angel, J.R.P., & Stockman, H.S. 1980, ARA&A, 18, 321
Blandford, R.D., & Konigl, A. 1979, ApJ, 232,34
Chandra, S., Ganesh, S., Baliyan, K. S., & Joshi, U. C. 2011, Atel 3136, 1
D'Ammando, F., & Fermi Team 2011, Atel 3020, 1
D'Ammando, F., & Fermi Team 2011, Atel 3129, 1
Deshpande, M.R.D., Joshi, U.C., & Kulshrestha, A.K. 1985, BASI, 13, 157
Djorgovski, S. G., et al. 2011, Atel 3133, 1
Ganesh, S., et al. 2009, PRL Techincal report
Gopal-Krishna & Wiita, P. J. 1992, A&A, 259, 109
Gorbovskoy, E., et al. 2011, Atel 3134, 1
Healey, S. E., et al. 2008, ApJS, 175, 97
Healey, S. E., et al. 2007, ApJS, 171, 61
Kesteven, M.J.L., Bridle, A.H., & Brandie, G.W. 1976, AJ, 81, 919
Kudelina, I., et al. 2011, Atel 3131, 1
Page 10
– 10 –
Lawrence, C. R., et al. 1986 ApJS, 61, 1
Lipunov, V.M., et al. 2004, AN, 325, 580
Mangalam, A. V., & Wiita, P. J. 1993, ApJ, 406, 420
Marscher, A. P. 1996, In ASP Conf. Ser. 110,Blazar Continuum Variability, ed. H. R. Miller,
J. R. Webb, & J. C. Noble (San Francisco, CA), 248
Marscher, A. P. 2006, In ASP Conf. Ser. 350,Variability of Blazars II: Entering the GLAST
Era, ed. H. R. Miller, K. Marshall, J. R. Webb, & M.F. Aller (San Francisco,
Marscher, A. P., & Gear, W. K. 1985, ApJ, 298, 114
Marscher, A. P., Gear, W. K., & Travis, J. P. 1992, In Variability of Blazars, ed. E. Valtaoja
& M. Valtonen (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 85
Meisner, A. M., & Romani, R. W. 2010, ApJ, 714, 14
Nesci, R. 2011, Atel 3127, 1
Qian, S. J., et al. 1991, A&A, 241, 15
Romero, G.E., Combi, J.A., & Colomb, F.R. 1994, A&A, 288, 731
Serkowski, K. 1974, Polarimetry for optical astronomy, in IAU Colloq 23: Planets, Stars and
Nebulae, ed. T. Gehrals (Univ. of Arizona:Tucsan), 135
Snellen, I.A.G., McMahon, R.G. Hook, I.M.F., & Browne, I.W.A. 2002, MNRAS, 329, 700
Urry, C. M., & Padovani, P. 1995, PASP, 107, 803
Villforth, C., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 397, 1893
This preprint was prepared with the AAS LATEX macros v5.2.
Page 11
– 11 –
2011 Jan 30
1.374 1.378 1.382 1.386
Time [ MJD−55590 ]
P A[Deg]
2011 Jan 31
2.4552.4602.465 2.4702.475 2.480
Time [ MJD−55590 ]
P A [Deg]
2011 Feb 01
3.38 3.40 3.42
Time [ MJD−55590 ]
3.443.46 3.48
P A [Deg]
Fig. 1.— Intra-night variations in the degree of polarization (DP) and position angle (PA)
during 2011 January 30 to February 1 for CGRaBS J0 211+1051 in white light. The error
bars show uncertainties in the individual measurements.
Page 12
– 12 –
2011 Feb 02
Time [ MJD−55590 ]
4.444.46 4.48
P A [Deg]
2011 Feb 03
5.405.425.44 5.46
Time [ MJD−55590 ]
P A [Deg]
Fig. 2.— Same as Fig.1 but for 2011 February 2 and 3 in B, V, R & white light.
Page 13
– 13 –
Time [ MJD−55590 ]
P A [Deg]
Fig. 3.— Night to night variation in the DP and PA during 2011 January 30 to February 3.
The error bars reflect the spread (±σ) due to intra-night variations.
Page 14
– 14 –
Table 1: Nightly averaged polarization data for CGRaBS J0211+1051. Entries are: date of
observation, MJD, duration of observation, degree of polarization (DP), σDP, position angle
(PA) and σPA.
DateMJD∆T(Hrs) DP (%)
2011 Jan 3055591.37960.33621.052
Jan 31 55592.46650.864 12.871
Feb 155593.4352 2.49810.643
Feb 2 55594.43622.11212.629
Feb 3 55595.43081.920 15.481
σDP (%)
Table 2: Variability test results for CGRaBS J0211+1051.
Degree of Polarization (DP)
Position Angle (PA)
2011 Jan 30
Jan 31
8 1.403
1.482 0.023
2.618 0.044
4.475 0.127 89.691
2.665 0.066 93.950
4.042 0.080 120.411
Feb 1
Feb 2
Feb 3


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So I got readdicted to Flight Rising. I'm Zalcoti there also if anyone wants to know. Lightning Flight Represent! I've also been hard at work trying to meet my birthday deadline. Will I make it? I hope so! So some random art will be thrown up while I'll still be off in lala land. The holidays are also keeping me busy.
I have to say, it's nice staying away from art sites for a month or two. Maybe I needed the break after all the stupid crap went down. Time to slowly look at all the art in my inbox!


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Find records of Ivey Hamilton
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CodePlexProject Hosting for Open Source Software
After the update of VS 2013 update 4 to TS 1.3 I started experiencing offsets when debugging in Opera.
Now some lines are working properly and some are off.
If you need any other info please re...
Id #2649 | Release:
| Updated: Nov 13 at 4:54 PM by WaldemarH | Created: Nov 13 at 4:06 PM by WaldemarH
I know this issue has been raised and closed in the past, but I'm getting this error now with version 1.1 of the lib.d.ts.
Id #2648 | Release:
| Updated: Nov 5 at 5:48 PM by mhegazy | Created: Oct 30 at 2:36 PM by PaulMouchet
I have recently begun getting the error 'The "VsTsc" task failed unexpectedly' whenever i try to build my web project. This is the build log:
Build FAILED.
Id #2647 | Release:
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Using tsc 220.127.116.11:
import MyModule = require('MyModule');
Then compile as AMD:
tsc -m amd MyModule.ts
Fails with error:
Id #2646 | Release:
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Type checking in cast is discussed here. However, there are very practical scenarios that the type checking is too much.
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Create a Visual Studio 2013 project and delete all ts files so there is nothing to build, then hit build and there should be a descriptive error like "Error: No files to build found", instead an in...
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I've been working with the "--out" compiler flag to create 1 javascript output file.
I have about a hundred TS files, with all kinds of dependencies and was managing this by placing this in the to...
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NFL won't use pink penalty flags for Week 6
Pink is no longer the new yellow in the NFL.
The league won't use its pink penalty flags beyond Monday night's Jets-Falcons game.
The pink flags were part of the NFL's "A Crucial Catch" campaign in support of breast cancer awareness. Coupled with the players' pink equipment, especially their gloves and towels, the pink flags caused confusion among broadcasters, fans, players and coaches Sunday.
The league hadn't specified whether the pink penalty flags would be used through Week 7 like the rest of the breast cancer initiative, "but the experience this weekend solidified that it would be for one week only," NFL spokesman Michael Signora said.
Other elements of the campaign will remain, including pink wristbands and cleats, coins, sideline caps, goal-post padding, kicking tees, skull caps, shoe laces and cheerleaders' pompons until Oct. 21.
Yellow flags will return with Thursday night's Giants-Bears game, the start of Week 6.
"That makes sense," said Broncos safety David Bruton, who kept thinking there were more penalties than the 10 that were called in Denver's 51-48 win at Dallas.
"At times I didn't know if flags were thrown or not just because a lot of guys were wearing pink towels," he said. "So, that makes a lot of sense to go back to yellow so we can know. It's not a bash toward breast cancer awareness. You could see the confusion with our pink towels and the pink flags. You don't know which is which."
Bruton embraces the breast cancer initiative as much as any other player in the league. He donned a pink suit and silk tie on the Broncos' flight on Saturday and even put pink threading in his dreadlocks this month.
Fans and players are conditioned to look for the bright yellow flags against the green grass, and the pink penalty markers didn't contrast as well, leading to criticism on television and Twitter.
The pink penalty flags were first used in a Dolphins-Jets game last Oct. 28 after an 11-year-old wrote Commissioner Roger Goodell with the suggestion.
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org
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This story is from ESPN.com's automated news wire. Wire index
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- Jets give Smith nod at QB against Dolphins
- Sherman, Baldwin rip Lynch fine with parody
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- Why RG III Failed
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Talk #3 of the Series,
Come Follow to You, Vol. 2
"Once upon a time, two explorers came to a clearing in the jungle. It was a beautiful place: thousands and thousands of flowers were blossoming. One of the explorers said, 'There must be a gardener..."
"I am myself and there is no need to compare myself with anybody else. I am neither higher nor lower. Not that I am just like the others – I am different – but there is no higher and lower."
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Katia not currently a threat to Longboat
August 30, 2011
The tropical storm is gaining strength but current projections call for the storm to stay away from the island.
Northbound stretch of GMD closes for pole updates
August 29, 2011
The northbound lane between Binnacle Point Drive and De Narvaez Drive will close from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily through Friday.
Town testing Key fire hydrants
August 26, 2011
The tests will not affect water services for residents.
Longboat turtle nest opening takes place Sunday
August 26, 2011
A turtle nest will be opened at 7:30 p.m. Sunday, Aug. 28.
LLSA Chamber seeks triathlon volunteers
August 25, 2011
Up to 150 volunteers are needed for the Oct. 23 event.
Pension contributions top 50% of police, 35% of fire payroll costs
August 24, 2011
Pension contributions top 50% of police, 35% of fire payroll costs A Florida League of Cities report shows that the town's required pension contributions make up a higher-than-average share of payroll costs.
Police get break in Key vehicle burglary cases
August 24, 2011
A man has been arrested and charged with recent vehicle burglaries on Longboat Key and Holmes Beach.
Manatee pares patrol funds
August 24, 2011
The Manatee County Commission gave the town less than half of the $76,500 it requested for ongoing marine-patrol operations.
Prudential Palms closes office
August 24, 2011
Real-estate broker Helen Sosso will close five Prudential Palms Realty offices to reduce costs.
Colony Contenders: Coral Hospitality
August 24, 2011
The Naples-based company is a finalist for the redevelopment of the Colony Beach & Tennis Resort.
- Nov
29 Santa Jaws at Mote Aquarium
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
- Dec
6 4th annual Longboat Key Gourmet Lawn Party
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
- Dec
6 Santa Jaws at Mote Aquarium
12:00 pm
- Dec
13 Santa Jaws at Mote Aquarium
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
PHOTO GALLERY: Longboat Key Chamber of Commerce Chairman's Reception
On Nov. 20, the Longboat Key Chamber of Commerce held a Chairman's Reception at Amore by Andrea, which recognized its former chairs from 1993 to 2013.
PHOTO GALLERY: Longboat Key Garden Club meeting
On Nov. 18, the Longboat Key Garden Club held its monthly meeting at Windward Bay.
Library books successful sale
Longboat Key must be home to lots of bookworms, because the Longboat Library's Nov. 11 sale was the biggest in its 57-year history.


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25 miles "cruise-steering" straight shot
... service while in Canada. Efen and Marvin saved my bacon...and after 2 visits, finally up and going again! (Fun story about these 2 guys...they lived only 1/2 mile apart in San Diego & had to come to Minot ND to meet each other!) Gentle rolling hills to flatness continued across Hwy 2 to the ND & MN border. On to the head of Mississippi River tomorrow, but after stopping at a quilt ...
I wonder how they measured it?
It's another windy rainy day again today. Such fickle weather we have had.
Driving through the greater part of North Dakota today we saw a house burning down. It's sad to see the ending of memories. There were two truck sitting in the yard but no fire or police for as far as the eye could see. No one seemed concerned.We also saw an old ...
Grand Fords, ND Walk
... s parade and then finished the walk.
Grand Forks has a population of 53,000. They process potatoes, sugar beets and wheat. The University of North Dakota is located here.
We drove to Fargo for lunch and then to Bloomington, Minnesota and stayed at the Country Inn & Suites. We had dinner at ...
Covering ground
... set for driving into North Dakota was to reach the geographic centre of the North American continent, I headed down to Rugby and found it without problems:
My next goal was to get to Grand Fork, which was reached just before dark. On this side of North Dakota the farming emphasis is on crops rather than cattle and it reminded me of some of the Darling Downs...
On our way home!
... from Buddhism: impermanence.
This is the notion that nothing in life is permanent. Bad things never last, things transform like love or pain. But that's not a negative, its inevitable, part of life. Everything is changing all the time. People, buildings, cars, food, thoughts. But in spite of this fact it is possible to find peace by not 'attaching' oneself to things or expectations or the disappointment that things end. I'm ...


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I seem to connect with this departed man...Submitted by The Pen on Sat, 05/11/2013 - 04:00
Peace and Love always.
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Excellent clip.
The lack of taking personal responsibility is an issue that has long bothered me.
It is not a rare event, to have someone tell me that they are forgive for whatever they do because they ate a wafer on Sunday, and tell me I shall burn forever because I choose to live with a "I'll see when I get there" attitude about the "afterlife." (You know, accept the truth about our situation, none of us will know until we get there, I choose not to make what may or may not be there be a major factor in what motivates me in THIS life. I KNOW I have this one, I know things are a mess, I put my energy into trying to do the right thing each moment, best I can, and skip the vaguely cannibalistic ritual.
Love or fear? Choose again with every breath.
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Lets see how few games we can win and take the division. Geaux Saints!
Ravens 34- Saints 28
Type: Posts; User: JeffG20
Lets see how few games we can win and take the division. Geaux Saints!
Ravens 34- Saints 28
Hoyer damn sure tried to ruin it
Random blast from the past
Aaron Brooks @2AaronBrooks · 2h2 hours ago
S/o to my @Saints fans! Blessed to have played for a class organization #WHODAT
Very solid read B. Having savid all that its very possible we'd have the Steve Spagnola effect. Im not not entirely sure Rob will make it work. He has a long enough track record to kind of go off of....
Yea, probably right. I've just been hearing his name pop up again for jobs. Although, Dont see many positions open. Maybe a team like Oakland would take a shot.
I dont think its going to happen because he apparently has a lifetime job. I like Rob and was one of the few not calling for his head. Im just saying, if the situation should arise. Huge fan of Lewis...
You'd be doing him a favor.
Hoping Marvin Lewis gets the ax after failing to win a playoff game and he becomes our new DC.
Id keep grubbs only because too much movement on the line could be disastrous. Replace them 1 at a time. But evans best days are behind him for sure. Im good with moving colston as well
Mike Triplett @MikeTriplett · 16m16 minutes ago
Per @FieldYates, #Saints worked out RBs Andre Brown, Tim Hightower, Mikel LeShoure, Brian Leonard; Ss Sanford, Kenny Phillips.
Absolutely, No one in the south even deserves a spot. It's embarrassing
I'm fairly convinced we can lose the rest of our games provided we just beat our division foes
Atlanta and Carolina play this week. time for them to destroy each other
Yep, I'd almost rather get blown out. We should be 8-1
Luckily for us, we can win this damn division at 7-9
Hard to ***** about any call when you let a guy go 50 yards on 4th and 10. I'm sorry, Saints had ample opportunity to win this. This is just another game where they couldn't finish. It's been...
For what its worth, 49ers beat writers are saying he's NOT back for this game.
Now, all we need to do is go 7-9 and Seattle wins their Davison. We coming for revenge Vinny
We'l take it lol
Oh Lawd, we won a Road game.
Time to put an amber alert out for Sean Payton...30 rushing attempts is surly not him lol
Didn't really how key that guy was. Glad he's not playing. Yall would be up 3 TD's
Did Andy Tanner legally change his name to Tom Crabtree?
Many Panthers fans said their Line would disguise how bad Harper would be and we warned them against it. We had a good passrush in our own right last year and it did not seem to help much.
I like the prospect of throwing past Roman Harper