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A method for using a foamed liquid for cleaning and/or inerting a vessel is described which allows for continuous recycling of the foam and its breakout liquid and gas components into regenerated foam which is continously directed back into the vessel.
1. A method for cleaning scale or foulant from a vessel with foam, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a foam to said vessel; and
(b) providing a means for effecting continuous intimate contact between said foam and said scale or foulant, said means for effecting continuous intimate contact comprising a means for continuously removing and collecting break-out gas and dry foam from said vessel, a means for mixing said break-out gas and dry foam with a foamable liquid to continuously regenerate foam, and a means for returning said regenerated foam to said vessel.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which said means for continuously removing break-out gas and dry foam is a suction hose or pipe connected to an appropriate pump.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said means for mixing said break-out gas and dry foam with a foamable liquid and for continuously regenerating foam is a pump for directing said break-out gas and dry foam through a sparger submersed in said foamable liquid in said vessel.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said means for mixing said break-out gas and dry foam with a foamable liquid and for continuously regenerating foam comprises a compressible fluids pump.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said means for mixing said break-out gas and dry foam with a foamable liquid and for continuously regenerating foam further comprises a foam generator.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein said foamable liquid is break-out liquid from the original foam.
7. A method for cleaning scale or foulant from a vessel with foam, comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing a foamable liquid and a gas to form a foamable mixture;
(b) directing said foamable mixture through a means for generating foam to form a foam;
(c) causing said foam to flow into a vessel to be cleaned;
(d) allowing said foam to react with said scale or foulant, said foam naturally breaking down into a break-out liquid and a break-out gas;
(e) continuously collecting said break-out liquid and said break-out gas as they are formed;
(f) continuously mixing said collected break-out gas and break-out liquid to form a mixture of said break-out liquid and break-out gas;
(g) directing said mixture of break-out liquid and break-out gas through a foam generator to form regenerated foam;
(h) directing said regenerated foam into said vessel.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said foam generator comprises a compressible fluids pump.
9. A method according to claim 7, wherein said foam generator comprises a compressible fluids pump and an additional foam generator which receives foam from said compressible fluids pump.
10. A method for cleaning scale or foulant from a vessel having an internal foam generator or sparger with foam, comprising the steps of:
(a) introducing a quantity of liquid into the vessel to be cleaned above the level of said sparger;
(b) pumping an effective amount of gas through said sparger to foam said liquid into a cleaning foam;
(c) allowing said cleaning foam to react with said scale or foulant, said foam naturally breaking down into a break-out liquid and a break-out gas;
(d) continuously collecting said break-out gas and repumping said gas through said sparger to regenerate foam.
11. A method for cleaning scale or foulant from a vessel with foam, comprising the steps of:
(a) pumping a foamable liquid into a vessel;
(b) pumping said foamable liquid from said vessel into a compressible fluids pump and thereby mixing said foamable liquid with air to form foam;
(c) pumping said foam into said vessel where said foam reacts with the scale or foulant and breaks down into break-out liquid and break-out gas;
(d) continuously collecting said break-out liquid and break-out gas from said vessel and pumping each through said compressible fluids pump to form a regenerated foam; and
(e) directing said regenerated foam into said vessel.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said foam generated by said compressible fluids pump is directed through a second foam generator to refine the foam before said foam is directed to said vessel.
13. A method for inerting a vessel with foam, comprising:
(a) introducing a fluid into said vessel;
(b) pumping said fluid from said vessel to a mixing area;
(c) mixing said fluid with an inert gas in said mixing area to form a foamable mixture;
(d) directing said foamable mixture through a foam generator to form inert foam;
(e) directing said inert foam into said vessel in an effective amount to displace undesirable vapors from said vessel;
(f) continuously pumping break-out liquid and break-out gas from said vessel;
(g) mixing said break-out liquid and break-out gas to form a foamable mixture;
(h) foaming said foamable mixture to form regenerated foam; and
(i) returning said regenerated foam to said vessel.
14. A method for inerting a vessel with foam, comprising:
(a) introducing an effective quantity of inert foam into a vessel to displace undesirable vapors from said vessel;
(b) continuously collecting break-out gas and break-out liquid from said vessel;
(c) mixing said break-out liquid and break-out gas to form a foamable mixture;
(d) foaming said foamable mixure to form regenerated foam; and
(e) returning said regenerated foam to said vessel.
This invention relates to the field of chemical foam cleaning of industrial equipment.
Foam cleaning is a chemical cleaning process for removal of water hardness scales, corrosion deposits, pre-operational deposits and organic foulants from industrial equipment. A cleaning solvent is employed that is selected to satisfactorily dissolve the objectionable scale or foulant. A surfactant is added to the solvent to promote foaming, and the resulting solvent/surfactant liquid is foamed with a gas to generate a much larger volume of foam. Forcing a gas under pressure into the body of the liquid is one method that has been used to create foam, which is then introduced into the equipment to be cleaned by the constant pressure of the gas. The foam is allowed to flow through the vessel or process equipment to be cleaned. In the conventional process, the foam is passed through the equipment only one time. Apparatuses for foam generation for use in methods for chemical foam cleaning of vessels are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,212,762 to Carroll, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,133,773 to Simmons.
The foam cleaning process is particularly useful for cleaning such equipment as gas lines which cannot support the weight of liquids, condensers used in the utility industry which employ thousands of tubes, and other heavy-duty equipment such as tanks, coils, tubing and the like.
A disadvantage of the conventional method of employing foamed solvents is that it is wasteful. Since chemical cleaning is dependent on reaction rate and time, much of the foamed solvent which flows through the equipment remains unreacted. Additionally, the "used" foamed solvent may present an environmentally undesirable waste product and, since the conventional once-through process also requires a large quantity of foamed solvent, a large quantity of waste is generated that may present a disposal problem.
Another industrial cleaning problem is the decontamination of equipment which may contain radioactive material. While foamed liquids are effective for cleaning foulants from many types of structures, it is desirable to generate as little waste product as possible in the cleaning operation because the disposal of radioactive cleaning material must be carefully monitored. It is further of interest to reduce the release of gases in the cleaning process for environmental reasons.
There have been attempts to reuse foamed solvent after it has been employed for cleaning. However, prior methods have not been successful in efficiently using solvent and concurrently reducing waste product.
One prior method for reusing foamed solvent requires the use of a collection vessel or reservoir which is open to the atmosphere. When foam is introduced to the vessel being cleaned and begins to react on the scale to be removed, it begins to naturally break-down into a two-phase composition as a gas and a liquid. The term "half-life" is used to describe the amount of time it takes to recover one-half of the original volume of liquid from a measured volume of foam. In the conventional process, the foam is passed through the vessel, then the remaining foam, as well as the break-down products from the foam, are discharged into the collection vessel. The foam can be further broken into its separate liquid and gas components by use of a chemical substance or admixture known as "foam breaker" or an "antifoam." The gas thus generated, termed "break-out gas" is allowed to escape to the atmosphere. The liquid thus generated, in combination with the natural break-down liquid of the foam, is termed "break-out liquid." The "break-out liquid" is pumped to a foam generator where it is mixed with additional nitrogen or air for foam regeneration. This break-out liquid, since it is contaminated with antifoam materials, is more difficult to foam and additionally has a shorter half-life then the original foam; therefore, additional foaming agent or stabilizers must usually be added in order to sustain good foam stabililty. Break-out liquid that is severely contaminated with antifoaming agent may not refoam. A collection tank of sufficient size is required in this process, since it is not unusual for foam to rapidly fill the collection vessel and overflow, causing pollution to the immediate area.
Another method for reusing solvent employs a collection tank of sufficient size to allow foam breaking to occur without the use of an antifoam. This method requires an even larger collection tank than the method in which antifoam is used, because the foam occupies a larger volume when not chemically broken. This method is disadvantageous as it is often difficult to predict how large of a collection tank will be required for a particular job. Even if this can be predicted, space constraints at the job site may preclude employment of a sufficiently large tank.
Another prior art attempt to reuse foamed solvent was disclosed by Crowe, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 3,436,262. The '262 system employs a liquid comprising a solvent in combination with a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer that is foamable by the use of heat. The foaming agent must be gaseous in the foaming unit and liquid in the collapsing unit according to the '262 patent. A heating unit must be employed to cause the liquid to foam. After the foam is passed through the vessel to be cleaned, it is collected in a foam collapsing unit where it is cooled to at least 60� F., which cooling condenses the foam into a liquid. The liquid can then be heated to form a foam. The Crowe et al. method is suitable for some applications, but is disadvantageous due to the requirement for the foaming agent and stabilizer, the need to heat and cool the foam and the need to break the foam completely before refoaming.
Thus, prior art attempts to reuse solvent followed the procedure of breaking down foam completely, and attempting to refoam it.
Prior art methods of using and reusing foamed solvents generally require the addition of chemicals such as antifoam, additional foaming agent, and or foam stabilizers. Therefore, the attempt to reuse the solvent may not be economically advantageous because of the added cost of the necessary treating chemicals. The conventional once-through process also may require costly quantities of inert gas when inert gas is needed for the application.
Present methods for employing foamed solvents for cleaning also undesirably produce very corrosive solutions that may attack the material from which the equipment to be cleaned is made. For example, hydrochloric acid is commonly employed to remove iron oxide and copper oxides from equipment. Fe++ is generated by dissolution of iron oxide and is oxidized to the higher valance state Fe+++ by contact with the oxygen in the air. When Fe+++ comes into contact with base metal such as Fe�, corrosion occurs according to the following mechanism:
2Fe+++ +Fe�→3Fe++
Further contact with the oxygen in the air generating the corrosive Fe+++ :
3Fe++ +O2 →3Fe+++
Cu++ is stabilized with the C1- ion from hydrochloric acid, causing severe corrosion to copper according to the following mechanism:
Cu++ +Cu�→2Cu+
Contact with the oxygen in the air regenerating the corrosive Cu++ :
2Cu+ +O2 →2Cu++
In order to avoid the corrosion associated with aeration of the solvent in the conventional process, nitrogen, an inert gas, may be substituted for standard air. Continuous use of nitrogen, however, adds significantly to the cost of the job. Reducing agents can also be used to reduce the corrosivity of the foamed solvent, but due to the "once-through" process, the cost is prohibitive. In addition, some industrial reducing agents such as stannous chloride, are themselves potential environmental hazards.
Foamed solvents, while very useful for cleaning, may also be difficult to control. It is not always possible to predict how quickly a vessel may be filled with foam. There may be overflow from the vessel which presents a risk of environmental contamination and exposure of workers to hazardous material. In addition to the spill hazard from collection tank overflow already discussed, there is a risk of air pollution. During a conventional foam breaking process, toxic or flammable vapors from volatile acids, organic stabilizers and reaction gases can be released to the atmosphere, creating air pollution, health hazards, and other safety risks. This is of particular concern when toxic or flammable gas is released into a closed building.
The need to inert a vessel is also a common industrial requirement. For example, it may be desirable to displace toxic or flammable gases that have been formed or collected in a closed vessel. Present methods of inerting generate undesirably large volumes of waste product or utilize vast expensive quantities of inert gas. In the former situation, water is generally employed to displace explosive vapors. The waste water contains hazardous material which must then be disposed of properly. In the latter case, continuous purging with an inert gas is cumbersome and costly.
The quality of the foam at any given time in the cleaning process also is a consideration. Foam quality is defined as the ratio of gas volume to the total volume or Vg /Vt X 100 or ##EQU1## The lower the quality the greater the moisture content. The higher the quality the lower the liquid content. "Wet foams" are defined as low quality foams while "dry foams" are of high quality. Foam is a compressible fluid; therefore (neglecting the solubility of gas in the solution and liquid expansion), the quality of foam at some other pressure can be calculated using Boyle's law. The ideal cleaning foam contains enough solvent in the liquid phase to continuously bathe the scale or foulant with solvent. Scale dissolution occurs in the liquid phase by a reaction of the solvent with the scale. A foam that is too dry (high quality) will not contain a sufficient amount of solvent for scale dissolution to occur, therefore, a good cleaning foam normally is equal to or less than "95" quality.
Thus, there has been a continuing need for a method for using and reusing foamed solvent which allows use of a lesser amount of inert gas where an inert gas is desirable or necessary, which allows for more efficient use of solvent, which eliminates the need for a large collection tank to break-down foam, which eliminates the need to break the foam down completely before refoaming, which allows for maintaining a foam of effective quality throughout the vessel to be cleaned, which can be conducted in a contained system to prevent the escape of hazardous or radioactive material, and which allows for control of the foam during the cleaning operation.
A method has now been found for using and recycling foamed solvents which obviates the problems of the conventional method discussed above. This new process may be employed in a closed or open system. It allows for recycling of foam and regeneration of natural break-down products of foam into new foam without danger of vessel overflow and subsequent ground pollution. It also allows recycling without danger of air pollution. In the herein disclosed process, recycling is accomplished by reuse of the foaming gas, reuse of the solvent, and reuse of the foamed liquid. It allows for less solvent to be used for a particular cleaning job. This process also reduces or eliminates the need for expensive or undesirable additives such as antifoaming agents, additives needed to refoam antifoam-contaminated liquid, and foam stabilizers.
The herein disclosed process is additionally advantageous as less personnel are required for performance of the cleaning job. Cleaning can be accomplished unattended once the process is set up since provision is made for foam control. This process can utilize both inert gas and reducing agents for corrosion control, but advantageously requires less inert gas and/or reducing chemicals because it provides for reuse of the gas and foamable liquid components. Expensive metering equipment for continuous blending of gas and liquid is also not required. The apparatus required for this new method can be assembled as a complete package on a single skid for use as a closed system or open system hookup.
It is further envisioned that the process will be especially useful for nuclear and environmental decontamination because reduced waste product from the cleaning operation is generated. This will reduce the need to dispose of large quantities of radioactive solvent. In addition, the radioactive equipment may be decontaminated with containment of hazardous materials because the process may be operated as a closed system.
In the process of inerting a vessel, foam may be generated from a fluid such as water or other suitable liquid, foaming agent, and an inert gas to displace undesirable vapors from a vessel. The foam initially displaces the vapors which are released through an opening in the vessel. Less waste is generated by the recycle of the foam and the continuous presence of foam in the vessel prevents additional vapors from forming from solvent that may have been contained in the vessel, and re-entry of air. This provides a safety factor when welding or other hot work must be performed in the vicinity of the vessel.
A process is disclosed for using and reusing a foamed liquid which employs a means for effecting continuous intimate contact between a foamed liquid and a vessel to be cleaned and a means for reusing a cleaning foam without artificially breaking it down into its liquid and gas components with antifoam.
In one embodiment, a suitable solvent for the particular cleaning job is mixed with a foaming agent to form a foamable liquid. The foamable liquid may also, but is not required to, contain a carrier such as water and/or other treatment chemicals such as anticorrosives. The foamable liquid is introduced into a compressible fluids pump effective to foam the mixture, or in the alternative is pumped through a conventional foam generator, the resulting foam is then forced into the vessel to be cleaned, and as the foam naturally breaks into liquid and gas components, these are recycled with any remaining foam through the compressible fluids or pump. In the alternative, the gas and foam only may be suctioned through the compressible fluids pump and then mixed with the break-out liquid to form a mixture that is then pumped through a foam generator. The regenerated foam is then pumped into the vessel. Thus, the continuous recycling of the foam and its components through the vessel to be cleaned comprises a means for effecting continuous intimate contact between the vessel and the foam as well as serving as a means for reusing the cleaning foam.
Another embodiment of the invention employs a suction hose as a means for effecting continuous intimate contact between the vessel and the foam. In this embodiment, foam is pumped into an open vessel in which a suction hose is positioned. The suction hose draws air and a high quality "dry" foam into a compressible fluids pump. The high quality foam is mixed with break-out liquid supplied to the pump as service liquid. If additional liquid is required to lower the quality and make a more ideal cleaning foam, additional break-out liquid can be added downstream of the compressible fluids pump in a mixing tee prior to entering a foam generator. The resulting foam is recirculated into the vessel. Foam remains in continuous contact with the vessel.
In a third embodiment, a foam generator is placed inside the vessel of a closed system. The foam is generated in the vessel by placing foamable liquid in the vessel and pumping air through the internal foam generator, such as a sparger. The resulting foam gradually breaks down into break-out liquid and break-out gas and the break-out liquid flows or is pumped to a mixing tee where it is mixed with break-out gas and foam that was collected from the vessel and pumped through a compressible fluids pump. After the liquid, gas and foam are remixed, they are pumped through a foam generator, foam is generated and recirculated to the vessel.
In a fourth embodiment, foam is generated internally in an open system. Liquid is introduced to a vessel and the desired gas is pumped through a sparger or foam generator installed in the vessel. The liquid becomes gasified into foam and thus flows to an area of lower pressure in the vessel. As the foam degrades, the break out liquid flows back into the foaming area where it is regenerated to foam by being mixed with break-out gas directed through the sparger.
In a fifth embodiment, foam is used to displace hazardous gases from a vessel and continuously regenerated to keep the vessel filled with foam for a desired period of time.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the process for employing foam generated externally to a closed vessel.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the process wherein foam is generated internally in a closed vessel.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the process for foam cleaning of an open system.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of the process for foam cleaning of an open system in which foam is generated internally in the vessel.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the process for inerting a vessel with foam.
The success of the present invention will be better understood in context of the normal complete operation.
The process for using foamed liquids is initiated by assessing the volume of the vessel to be cleaned. It should be understood that the term "vessel" refers to any structure which may be a cylindrical tank, a section of a surface condensor which may contain several thousand tubes, or any other piece of industrial equipment conducive to foam cleaning or displacement of undesirable gases by foam. From the estimation of the vessel volume, a calculation of the amount of foam needed to fill that volume is made. The composition of the equipment to be cleaned and the scale or foulant to be removed is determined by suitable laboratory analysis or by reference to known parameters such as the type of foulant or deposit generated by the process normally carried out by the equipment to be cleaned and the material specifications for the equipment. The amount of scale present in the equipment is also estimated.
A solvent for a cleaning operation is selected that will effectively dissolve the scale or foulant present in the equipment and ideally to be compatible with the materials of construction in the equipment to be cleaned. By compatible it is meant that the solvent should ideally remove the foulant or scale while doing little or no damage to the equipment. For example, low chloride solvents are generally preferred for stainless steel cleaning. However, hydrochloric acid is commonly used as a foamable liquid, even though other liquids may be more compatible with the materials of construction, because of its relatively low cost. While the present invention does not preclude use of hydrochloric acid as a foamable cleaner for stainless steel, the present method allows selection of a more suitable solvent since less solvent is needed to accomplish the same cleaning objective, thus reducing the importance of cost in solvent selection. The solvent may be an organic solvent, an organic acid, a mineral acid, or any other type of chemical suitable for the particular job. Sequestering agents, chelants and/or other additives or decontaminants for the removal of scale and foulants may be added to the solvent. The solvent is further selected to be foamable with gas, either alone or in combination with a foaming agent.
A foaming agent is preferably added to the solvent. This may be any suitable surfactant chemically appropriate for the particular solvent selected, in an effective amount to allow the solvent to be foamed. In addition, water and/or other treatment chemicals may be added. The resulting mixture of solvent and other additives is herein referred to as a foamable liquid.
The amount of solvent to be used for a particular cleaning job is estimated from the vessel volume determination, the amount of the scale or foulant to be removed, and the desired contact time of the foamed solvent and equipment. A laboratory test may be conducted to obtain an estimate of the dissolve time of a particular foulant by the selected liquid. The chemical reaction mechanism between the solvent and foulant may be assessed to determine the stoichiometric parameters required. Generally, the volume of the vessel is multiplied by 10% to ascertain the amount of foamable liquid needed to produce adequate foam. However, more or less liquid may be used depending on the quality of the foam. The term "quality of foam" refers to the ratio of the gas phase to the liquid phase of the foam or whether it is a "wet" foam or a "dry" foam.
The foamable liquid may be pumped by a suitable liquid pump effective to move the liquid into the vessel to be cleaned. This liquid is then directed to a compressible fluids pump where it is mixed with a desired gas or to a mixing tee where it is mixed with the desired gas to form a foamable mixture which is then directed through a foam generator to produce foam. In the alternative, the foamable liquid is foamed before being directed to the vessel for the first time by any effective means for foam generation.
The liquid may be initially foamed by any suitable apparatus. To generate foam, the foamable liquid may be mixed with gas, then pumped through a foam generator. Examples of suitable foam generators are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,212,762 and 4,133,773; however, any device suitable for mixing a foamable liquid and a gas may be employed. An inline foam generator, such as a static mixer may be used to generate foam. Foam may be generated by a compressible fluids pump which can be a peristaltic type pump, a diaphragm pump, a sliding vane pump rotary blower, a liquid piston type rotary blower or any vacuum pump or compressor capable of performing this operation. A centrifugal pump can also be used as the compressible fluids pump in this process. An example of a suitable pump for certain operations is a liquid ring compressor pump such as manufactured by Sihi, Grand Island, N.Y. (KPH pump series 60520). The pump is selected on the basis of corrosion resistance to the liquid used, the volume of the vessel that must be filled with foam, and the estimated half-life of the foam. Half-life of foam may be determined by known laboratory methods. The foam generated by the compressible fluids pump may be directed through a conventional in-line foam generator if desired to refine the foam, or it may be employed as is.
The present invention also is useful for inerting a vessel with foam. A vessel may need to be subjected to occasional maintenance procedures such as welding or other hot work. In addition, welding in the vicinity of a vessel containing flammable liquid or volatile organic vapors is dangerous due to the hazard of explosion or fire. In the process of the present invention, a fluid to be foamed is selected not to clean the vessel, but to provide the desired interaction with the materials in the vessel. For example, water may be selected as the fluid so as to be completely inert to the substances in the tank. In another instance, an alkaline foam may be desired to counteract such hazardous gases in the vessel as H2 S. A suitable surfactant is added to the fluid to form a foamable liquid. The foam is generated in one of two ways. The foamable liquid may be initially introduced to the vessel, then pumped from it by a liquid pump to a mixing tee where it is mixed with an inert gas, such as nitrogen. The mixture is then pumped through a foam generator by pressure from a compressible fluids pump to make the inert foam. The vessel is then completely filled with foam which displaces the undesirable vapors in the vessel. The vapors are released through an opening in the vessel. The foam naturally degrades into break-out liquid and break-out gas which are reused to regenerate foam. Thus the process continually recycles the inert gas into foam.
Alternatively, the foam may be generated externally to the vessel by creating foam in the line leading to the vessel and introducing foam to the vessel to displace the undesirable vapors.
This invention, when used for cleaning a vessel, employs a means for effecting continuous intimate contact between the cleaning form and the scale or foulant to be removed. When used for inerting, the method employs a means for effecting continuous inerting of a vessel by keeping the vessel completely filled with foam generated with an inert gas.
In one aspect of the invention, a suction hose serves as a means for effecting continuous intimate contact between the vessel and the foam by preventing overflow of the foam and thus allowing longer foam/vessel contact. The suction hose is placed at the desired level of the foam in an open vessel. Foamed solvent is continuously pumped into the vessel and recycled at the level desired. Neglecting reaction gases, the amount of foam generated is limited to the quantity of gas and dry foam entering the suction; therefore, once the vessel has been filled to the suction level of the hose, the volume remains constant. This method is suitable for use where an open vessel is to be inerted and it allows the foamed solution to completely fill the vessel and keep it filled with inert foam. The natural degradation products of the foam (break-out liquid and break-out gas) are continuously collected and used to regenerate foam. The suction hose collects inert gas and dry foam and recirculates these components to a compressible fluids pump. The breakout liquid is also collected and utilized to make new foam by mixing it with the recovered gas and/or dry foam in a compressible fluids pump to form foam and/or putting the resulting mixture through a foam generator.
In another aspect, the means for effecting continuous intimate contact is a system with a pump in which a desired quantity of foam is continuously pumped through the vessel to be cleaned by continuous regeneration of foam from the natural degradation products. The natural degradation products of the foam, that is its gas and liquid components of foam and foam that has not broken down, are retrieved and used to regenerate foam by use of a compressible fluids pump heretofore described which continually regenerates the foam and recirculates it through the vessel and/or a separate foam generator.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a foamable liquid introduced at valve (10) and a regulated gas introduced at valve (12) are forced by pressure to mixing tee (16) where the gas and liquid are mixed. The mixture of gas and liquid then is directed through foam generator (18) which generates foam. The foam then flows at inlet (20) into vessel (22) which is the vessel to be cleaned. Preferably, the foam is discharged into the vessel above the estimated liquid level (24) in the vessel, but it may be introduced at any convenient point in the vessel. When the foam enters the vessel (22), the foam begins to break-down into a two-phase composition as a gas and a liquid. The rate of break-out is dependent on the foam half-life, i.e., the amount of time it takes to recover one-half of the original quantity of liquid from a measured volume of foam. As the foam breaks, the liquid phase flows to the low point regulated by liquid level valve (26) then is pumped by liquid pump (28) (or in the alternative flows by gravity flow) through valve (36) to the mixing tee (16) where it is mixed with gas and pumped into the foam generator (18) for foam regeneration. When foam or a positive flow has been observed at flow indicator (30), the air vent valve (38) is closed, a compressible fluids pump (14) takes suction from valve (32) and delivers the break-out gas and dry foam to the mixing tee (16) where it is mixed with liquid and regenerated into foam at the foam generator (18). A positive pressure is maintained on the vessel (22) from a regulated gas source discharging into valve (12). The vessel (22) may be equipped with either a vacuum breaker or a pressure relief valve for protection of vessel (22) from mechanical failure, if required.
Alternatively, the foamable liquid may be initially introduced directly into vessel (22), through valve (34). It then is pumped through valve (26) by liquid pump (28) or it flows by gravity, through valve (36) to mixing tee (16) where it is mixed with gas introduced at valve (12). The resulting mixture then is pumped through foam generator (18) to vessel (22) as previously described.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a sparger or foam generator (108) is installed in the vessel (112) below the estimated liquid level (114). The initial liquid is introduced through valve (100) or any convenient connection to vessel (112). Foam is generated by discharging a gas into valve (102) and through liquid valve (116) and inlet (110) through sparger or foam generator (108) inside vessel (112) through valve (122) until foam or a positive flow of gas is detectable at flow indicator (120). Air vent valve (124) is closed, a compressible fluids pump (104) takes suction from valve (122) and discharges the break-out gas and dry foam to the foam generator (108), for regeneration. Vessel (112) is preferably equipped with a vacuum breaker or a pressure relief valve, as the case may require, in order to prevent mechanical damage from pressure.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a chemical cleaning solution containing a foaming agent or surfactant is pumped into vessel (212) (surface condenser) through valve (200). The volume of liquid pumped into the vessel is usually equal to ten percent of the total volume of the vessel but can be more or less depending on the quality of the foam. Liquid pump (218) pumps the chemical cleaning solution from the bottom of vessel (212) through valve (216) and discharges the fluid through valve (222) into the compressible fluids pump (204) to serve as service liquid for the pump and to utilize the pump as a foam generator. The foam generated in compressible fluids pump (204) then is pumped into the vessel through foam generator (208) or via bypass (236). In the alternative, the foamable liquid is directed from vessel (212) through foam quality adjustment valve (206) to mixing tee (238) where it is mixed with discharge gas from the compressible fluids pump (204) or with inert gas introduced through valve (202) prior to entering foam generator (208). Foam discharges from the foam generator (208) into a header (224) equipped with discharge hoses or pipes (226) for introduction of foam into the inlet (210) of inlet water box (228) of vessel (212). When the inlet water box is filled with foam, the foam moves through the condenser tubes of the vessel (212) where it contacts the objectionable scale or foulant. The liquid phase of the foam continuously wets the scale with cleaning solution. The scale is removed from the heat transfer surface of the tubes by scale dissolution into the liquid phase of the foam and by drag forces exerted by the foam against sloughed particles and insoluble debris.
As the foam passes through all the condenser tubes, the effluent foam collects in the outlet box (230) of the surface condenser (212) shown open to the atmosphere. The open manway (234) in the outlet box allows the chemical cleaning supervisor to observe the flow of foam through the tubes and to ascertain that sufficient flow rate has been achieved to provide flow through all the tubes. During the start up period, the compressible fluids pump (204) pumps air or inert gas from the condenser outlet box until the foam level reaches the same elevation as the suction hose or pipes. When this elevation is reached, the compressible fuids pump starts to recycle the foam. If an inert gas was introduced initially at valve (202), the compressible fluids pump (204) recycles both the liquid phase and the inert gas phase of the foam. The process is continued until the solvent is spent on the scale. The spent solution is discarded for disposal by an environmentally acceptable process and fresh cleaning solution is introduced to vessel (212), if needed, to repeat the cleaning process until chemical analytical tests or inspection indicate the vessel is clean.
FIG. 3 shows vessel (212) to be open to the atmosphere but it can be closed once it has been determined that all tubes are flowing, and the air has been displaced.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a liquid is first introduced into vessel (312) through valve (300). Compressible fluids pump (304) pulls gas from outlet box (330) of vessel (312) and pumps the gas through valve (316) and foam generator or sparger (308) installed in inlet box (328) of vessel (312). The liquid becomes gasified and this gasified liquid rises in the inlet box (328) above the original level of the liquid. The gasified liquid then flows in direction (336) through upper tubes (337) of inlet box (328) to the outlet box (330) because of differential pressure between the inlet box and the outlet box. The gasified liquid is naturally degraded into break-out liquid and break-out gas as it flows through vessel (312). The break-out liquid is expelled into outlet box (330) and flows in direction (338) back to inlet box (328) where air is again pumped through it to form gasified liquid.
As an alternative, inert gas may be introduced through valve (302) which is forced by compressible fluids pump (304) through valve (316) and sparger (308).
Referring now to FIG. 5, which demonstrates one embodiment of the use of foam to inert a vessel with recycling of inert gas and fluid, a fluid is introduced through valve (400) into vessel (412). The fluid is pumped from the bottom of the vessel (412) by liquid pump (418) through drain valve (417). Inert gas is introduced through gas valve (402) where it mixes with break-out liquid from pump (418) prior to entering foam generator (408). Foam exits foam generator (408) through valve (409) through foam inlet tee (410) which disperses the foam into vessel (412). The foam fills vessel (412) and displaces air and explosive vapors out manway (432). When vessel (412) is filled with inert foam, compressible fluids pump (404) takes suction from suction hose (434) and picks up dry foam and break-out inert gas from vessel (412). The dry foam and inert gas is mixed with break-out service liquid delivered by liquid pump (418) to compressible fluids pump (404) and through foam quality regulating valve (423) The resulting mix enters foam generator (408) to repeat the cycle.
When the foam initially fills vessel (412), it displaces explosive or hazardous vapors in the vessel which are allowed to escape through manway (432). Once the undesirable vapors are displaced with inert gas foam, the vessel remains filled with recycle foam to prevent re-entry of air that could mix with volatile organic vapor and form an explosive mixture.
An 1100 gallon tank was used to demonstrate the recycle concept of the invention. 100 gallons of water containing approximately 0.1% by volume of a foaming agent was mixed to form a solution. The solution was pumped to a liquid ring (LR) compressor in place of a service liquid. A 4-inch suction hose was connected to the suction connection of the LR compressor. The suction end of the 4" hose was positioned near the top of the 1100 gallon tank. The LR compressor was equipped with two two-inch discharge hoses equipped with foam generators or static mixers.
The LR compressor was started and a small diaphragm pump was used to pump the water/foaming agent solution to the LR compressor. The tank rapidly filled with foam up to the level of the 4-inch suction hose. The suction hose in position prevented the tank from overflowing. The discharge hoses could be observed discharging foam. The level of foam in the tank could be controlled by raising and lowering the suction hose. During recycle of the foam, the discharge pressure increased slightly due to the density effect of the recycle foam as compared to air.
The above test was repeated using four two-inch discharge hoses with equal success.
Description of Test Equipment:
Sihi KPHB 60520, 50 HP motor - 1775 RPM 460 Volt 3 Ph 60 Cy four-inch Suction AND four-inch discharge, one-inch inlet on each end of compressor for service liquid injection. Maximum capability of the pump was utilized.
4.042 foot wide by 6.46 foot long, volume approximately 1100 gallons. Volume per foot=195.3 gallons
Wilden M2
10 gallons/min at 200 strokes/min
totalizer only
3196 Goulds pump powered by diesel hoses
two-inch industrial hose
one and one-fourth inch industrial hose
four inch vacuum hose
two-inch static mixers from foam generator.
Patent Citations
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Terek River
|Terek River
Map of Terek river
|Mount Zilgakhokh, Caucasus Major, Georgia
|Caspian Sea 43°35′43″N 47°33′42″E / 43.595278°N 47.561667°ECoordinates: 43°35′43″N 47°33′42″E / 43.595278°N 47.561667°E
|Basin countries
|Georgia; North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Stavropol Krai, Chechnya and Dagestan, Russia
|623 km (387 mi)
|Source elevation
|5,037 m (16,526 ft)
|Mouth elevation
|−28 m (−92 ft)
|Avg. discharge
|305 m3 (10,800 cu ft) per second
|Basin area
|43,200 km2 (16,700 sq mi)
The Terek River (Russian: Те́рек; IPA: [ˈtʲerʲɪk]; Georgian: თერგი, Tergi; Ossetian: Терк, Terk, Avar: Терек, Terek, Chechen: Теркa, Terka) is a major river in the Northern Caucasus, flowing through Georgia and Russia into the Caspian Sea. It rises in Georgia near the juncture of the The Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and the Khokh Range, to the southwest of Mount Kazbek, winding north in a white torrent between the town of Stepantsminda and the village of Gergeti [1] toward the Russian region North Ossetia and the city of Vladikavkaz. It turns east to flow through Chechnya and Dagestan before dividing into two branches which empty into the Caspian Sea. Below the city of Kizlyar it forms a swampy river delta around 100 km (62 mi) wide. Major inflows are Gizeldon, Ardon, Urukh, Fiagdon, Malka, Baksan and Sunzha rivers. The river is a key natural asset in the region, being used for irrigation and hydroelectric power in its upper reaches.
The main cities on the Terek are Vladikavkaz, Mozdok, and Kizlyar. Several minor hydroelectrostations are constructed on Terek: Dzau electrostation (in Vladikavkaz), Bekanskaya and Pavlodolskaya.
Dariali hydro power plant with installed capacity of 108 MW is being constructed on the territory of Kazbegi Municipality in close vicinity of Russia-Georgia border.[1]
Human history[edit]
The capital of Khazaria, Samandar, may have stood on the banks of the river Terek.
The Terek river was the site of the final defeat of the army of Hulagu, khan of the Ilkhanate, at the hands of the army of Berke, khan of the Golden Horde, led by Berke's nephew, Nogai Khan, in the first civil war of the Mongol Empire, the Berke–Hulagu war of 1262. Also on the river Timur defeated Tokhtamysh in 1395.
The Terek Cossack Host (1577-1832 and 1860- ) had its base in the Terek basin.
- ^ Dariali Hydro Power Plant Construction and Operation Project (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Reportt). Darial Energy LLC. Issued in 2011. Retrieved on 2014-16-07.
See also[edit]

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Route 9 in the southern Vermont town of Marlboro is back open after a tractor trailer that crashed in the snow storm was removed from a ditch.
The Vermont State Police say the truck went off the road in snowy conditions on Tuesday. But police decided to wait until Wednesday morning to have the truck removed safely in better weather.
The driver told police he swerved off the road to avoid an out-of-control vehicle traveling the other way. Police say the roads were covered with wet, slushy snow.
The driver was not injured.
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Reading Programs & Storytimes
Library Branch
North York Central Library
Toronto Public Library?s wonderful storytellers welcome you to Storyfire, a celebration of storytelling that kicks off the 2015 Toronto Storytelling Festival.
North York Central Library
Andrew gets families moving and grooving with this action-packed performance. Kids will be on their feet, tying to keep up with all the wacky movements and calls and repeats. Free tickets available at the Children's desk sta...
Goldhawk Park
Stories, songs and rhymes for children aged 3-5 years with their parents and caregivers.
Sat Jan 17
Sat Jan 24
Sat Jan 31
Sat Feb 07
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S. Walter Stewart
Favourite stories, finger plays, songs and verse for children with parents and caregivers. For ages 19 to 30 months. In person registration on Thursday January 8 at 9am.
Wed Jan 14
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Wed Feb 04
Wed Feb 11
S. Walter Stewart
Favourite stories, songs, fingerplays and verse for children with parents or caregivers. For ages 30 months to 5 years. In person registration on Thursday January 8 at 9am.
Tue Jan 13
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S. Walter Stewart
In person registration begins at 9am. Space is limited.
S. Walter Stewart
Join us for stories, songs and crafts!
Sat Jan 03
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Enjoy singing along to some favourite seasonal songs and creating a Christmas craft as we wish you a happy holiday season.
S. Walter Stewart
Join our book club for boys, where we read a new book every month, meet to discuss it, and do lots of fun activities based on each book (it's awesome... trust us). For boys ages 9-12 years old. To register and to pick up your...
Tue Dec 16
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North York Central Library
Turn the clock back 200 million years and walk with the dinosaurs. Learn about dino diets and self-defense. See fossilized dinosaurs bones and replicas of teeth, toe bones and hadrosaur skin. Make dinosaur crafts, including a...


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Situated on the Furness peninsula, our Ulverston store is within walking distance of the town centre and the Sir John Barrow monument on Hoad Hill.
In Store Facilities
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Order your 2014 Christmas Book
Written on November 12th, 2014
It's the most wonderful time of the year, so the song goes. And this year, we have been working hard to make your Christmas and New Year as spectacular as possible. Our 2014 … Read More
Original Beans Chocolate
Written on April 29th, 2014
Many agree that good chocolate makes a bad day better. It's been said that Original Beans chocolate makes the world better. New in store, these four very special bars are made from some … Read More


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Roger is our Senior Pastor. He began attending FBC in August 1983 as an associate pastor and became Senior Pastor in November 1990. In addition to his pastoral duties at FBC, Roger also teaches in the various Masters' and Doctoral classes at Phoenix Seminary and has served as Director of Mentoring at Phoenix Seminary. Local, national and international ministry for Roger has included school boards, compassion ministries, para-church work, conference speaking and Bible teaching. In the last couple of decades many men and women were launched into full-time ministry by FBC-Tempe through various training programs called Pastor-in-Training, Leader-in-Training and Missionary-in-Training. Any willing person can serve God. See our Mentoring Leaders web page. Roger and his wife, Dianna, have two daughters, Sharon and Sharmon. Roger is an Arizona native and enjoys carpentry, fishing and dreaming.
"Let's Protect Each Other"
James 1:21 English Standard Version (ESV)
Therefore put away all filthiness and rampant wickedness and receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls.


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Daily News Where you Live
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Our Opinion: Income tax is wrong way to fix streets
Readers' Letters: Damascus doesn't need a compromise
My View: Better programs needed to help the poor
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My View: Republicans' control of the U.S. Senate means a reduced role for Oregon's power players
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Light Rain
Humidity: 93%
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24 Nov 2014
25 Nov 2014
Teen robs man with machette
A teenager was arrested for robbing a man of his headphones with a machette in Southeast Portland early Wednesday.
Javier Coyt, 17, was lodged at the Donald E. Long Juvenile Detention Home (JDH) on a charge of Robbery in the First Degree.
According to police, at 1:50 a.m. on Sept. 18, East Precinct officers responded to the report of a robbery at Southeast 159th Avenue and Main Street. When they arrived, the officers spoke to the victim, Adam Hampton, 21.
Hampton told police that a black Ford Expedition pulled up along side him and the suspect got out of the vehicle, armed with a machete. The suspect, later identified as Coyt, demanded Hampton's headphones, which the victim gave to him. Coyt got back into the Expedition and it left the area.
After Hampton called 9-1-1, the vehicle returned and a different male got out, gave the him back his headphones, and apologized. The vehicle then left the area again but was spotted by police and stopped.
Six people were found to be in the Expedition, including Coyt. All off them were removed from the vehicle, Coyt was arrested and the machete was recovered.


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|Page 9 of 11:
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|103 reviews in total
I was very pleasantly surprised. It is rare that you find a horror film so masterfully done. The cinematography was excellent. The entire film was like dream. Very similar to Snow White (the Grimm Brother's horror version)
*** This review may contain spoilers ***
This retelling of the Little Red Riding Hood tale isn't something one
would show to young children although it isn't as shocking as its (UK)
18 certificate would suggest; there is no swearing, no nudity, one very
subtle sex scene and the violence is at a lower level than many fifteen
certificate films. I can only imagine that the rating is because much
of what happens is a metaphor for Rosaleen reaching puberty and her
growing sexuality.
The film opens at a large house in rural England where a young girl is having a strange dream. In this dream she is living in a village in a forest and is visiting her grandmother who lives outside the village. When she gets to her grandmother's house she is told cautionary tales about werewolves and what she must do to avoid them herself. When young Rosaleen returns to the village she heeds her grandmother's advice although her parents think that it is mere superstition. On a later visit to her grandmother she is given a bright red hooded cloak which is much brighter than anything anybody else in the village wears, this soon gets the attention of an amorous village boy. They go for a walk in the forest but get separated, she hides from him by climbing a tree, at the top there is a birds nest where the eggs hatch to reveal something very strange. While she is there the boy finds a cow that has been killed by a wolf; he returns to the village to warn everybody. I won't say more to avoid spoiling the ending.
The film feels quite old now but is still good, the studio setting gives the village and the forest and somewhat unnatural look which suits the fact that it is meant to be a dream. Sarah Patterson is excellent as Rosaleen, I was amazed to learn that she was only twelve or thirteen at the time this was filmed.
Everyone has been told of the story of "Little Red Riding Hood". Well, this one comes with a twist! Nightmares come forward and plagues a young woman, and the story gets even more interesting. Her older sister gets killed by wolves, and the stories are getting more morbid by he minute. Her grandmother(Angela Landsbury) tels the tales of men who are wolves in sheep's clothing. When people are getting killed of by these lupines, the stories get creepier by the minute, every time. I liked the part where this woman get pregnant by the man who needs up marrying someone of high-class, she turns the reception into a royal dog show while the servants take a break. To me, this horror movie makes all other wolf movies look ordinary. I liked "Wolfen" for it's modernization, and this one is for it's classical taste. Anyone puts this movie done is foolish. If anyone falls asleep on this one, don't say I told you so! *WOLF HOWL!* 4.5 OUT OF 5 STARS!
The Company of Wolves is a truly underrated little gem of a horror
flick. With a unique story, solid acting, cool fx and a fantastic feel,
the movie delivers much, much more than it doesn't.
The movie, more than anything is a coming-of tale of our leading lady. A very pretty young girl who's dealing with her budding sexuality and her growth into adult-hood. Combining this with horror themes and that of the fable Little Red Riding Hood, The Company of Wolves excels amazingly. Grandma tells Rosaleen stories of wolves, or should I say men, who act like wolves. Stories of trust, loyalty, loss of innocence, there are numerous hidden and not so hidden themes being talked about here. Even something that I've always thought rang pretty true. Men with uni-brows are weirdos. It's true! You can't trust them!
A flick that I always saw because of the wildly cool cover, but for some reason or another never took the time out to rent it. I'm glad I finally have because not many films can meld fantasy and horror like this one. Company of Wolves was a really solid flick that any fan of horror/fantasy should check out.
"Never Stray From the Path, Never Eat a Windfall Apple, and Never Trust
a Man Whose Eyebrows Meet." and please add always go straight
home.....the consequences are.....????? Magical, enthralling, and
dangerous as all knowledge....go ahead eat that apple / eat the peach &
embrace the consequences. It would seem that there is a certain gnostic
bent to all of this. Indeed, dealing with, approaching a
transformational state (in this case from childhood to a sexually
mature woman) is best done in a cryptic , symbolic way, it allows for
the power of symbols (human's sui genris)to guide us.
I had been underwhelmed or, more precisely, baffled by this film on
first viewing and would probably have rated it no higher than **1/2
(Leonard Maltin was even less impressed than me)! However, having just
read its enthusiastic entry in the "Time Out Film Guide" (by Gilbert
Adair, no less), I decided to purchase the R2 SE DVD when it was
recently discounted at Play.com
and I'm extremely glad that I did
because I loved the film this time around, feeling that it's almost the
equal if a different animal altogether, no pun intended of my
favorite "wolf man" picture ever, AN American WEREWOLF IN London
(1981)! But I've said that often enough (most recently in my review of
another contemporaneous werewolf film, SILVER BULLET [1985]) so, back
to the matter at hand...
This has to be the screen's most original treatment of lycanthropy though director Jordan insists that it isn't a horror movie and who, on completing the film, was afraid that he had made a picture whose appeal was limited to teenage girls and wolves! with rampant symbolism throughout (having over-sized toys attempt to sexually assault the elder sister of leading lady Sarah Patterson, in the latter's dreams, is as effective a metaphor for a teenage girl's coming-of-age as any I've seen!) and a distinctly surrealist perspective. As per the accompanying Audio Commentary, the film had a myriad influences: Grimm's Fairy Tales (some of which are even integrated into the narrative, as adapted by Angela Carter from her own stories), Gustave Dore' paintings, the films of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger and, most surprisingly of all, the work of Polish directors Wojchiech J. Has (whose THE SARAGOSSA MANUSCRIPT [1965] inspired the film's tale-within a tale-within a tale structure) and Walerian Borowczyk (particularly LA BETE [1975]'s similarity to the middle story here, involving a ravaged girl who turns out to be a witch and disrupts an aristocratic wedding by turning the gathering into werewolves) plus more obvious ones like the German Expressionist films, as well as the Universal, Hammer and AIP's "Corman Poe" horror classics.
Despite the low-budget on hand, the film's production values (cinematography, lighting, art direction, costume design) are splendid and richly evocative; besides, it features George Fenton's lush and memorable score which, along with the forest setting, reminded me quite a bit of LEGEND (1985; and which was filming simultaneously with THE COMPANY OF WOLVES!) not to mention brilliant animatronic work and make-up effects by Christopher Tucker, highlighting various methods of transformation (all equally spectacular) and two effective beheadings. The cast is notable, too: Sarah Patterson (one of the most beguiling teenage performers I've seen, whose acting career unfortunately got stalled practically immediately though Jordan says he has stayed in contact with her all these years!), Angela Lansbury (perfectly cast as a vaguely sinister, tale-spinning Grandmother with a live fox-fur as her familiar and who's featured most prominently in a re-enactment of the "Little Red Riding Hood" fable), David Warner, Micha Bergese (his unusual appearance and background as a professional dancer suiting the physicality of his role as The Huntsman), Graham Crowden, Stephen Rea (a staple in Neil Jordan movies), Brian Glover (who was also in AN American WEREWOLF IN London!) and Terence Stamp (stepping in for original choice Andy Warhol, in an uncredited 30-second bit as the Devil perhaps the film's most enigmatic sequence incongruously turning up in the forest, fitted with a suit and tie, in a Rolls Royce driven by a blonde Patterson, herself dressed up as a chauffeur!).
The film's classy visuals are beautifully rendered by the remastered DVD transfer though the audio was relatively weak in comparison and should, perhaps, have been boosted a little as well. The major supplement is an engaging and very informative Audio Commentary with Jordan; however, having just viewed the film prior to listening to it, this proved a bit too much to take in one sitting! The wonderful DVD artwork and reasonable insert booklet were a nice touch, too. I've been impressed by the majority of Neil Jordan's work including his other super-stylish 'horror' effort, INTERVIEW WITH THE VAMPIRE: THE VAMPIRE CHRONICLES (1994) but I have no qualms, at this stage, about singling out THE COMPANY OF WOLVES as probably his best film, certainly the most intriguing and satisfying (on almost every level)! I'll be watching his latest offering BREAKFAST ON PLUTO (2005) imminently, and might also get to WE'RE NO ANGELS (1989), IN DREAMS (1999), THE END OF THE AFFAIR (1999) and THE GOOD THIEF (2002) soon enough...
One final thought: I have to say that, despite the overall bad reputation cinema got during the 80s, I own quite a few DVDs from this era in fact, far more than in subsequent decades, when the medium was supposed to have seen a definite resurgence (though this was certainly not the case with the horror genre)!
In this strange mix of folklore, fairy tales, horror, symbolism and
sexual werewolves, that isn't understandable for the casual viewer. The
story nor the style is significant present enough with as a result an
unique but not so successful movie.
The directing by Neil Jordan doesn't seem daring enough. The style isn't enough present and the story doesn't quite flow like it should. I'm sure that the story works better in the book and I feel that this movie might should be remade by for instance Tim Burton or Sam Raimi, I'm confident that they could do more with the style and story.
The cast is quite good with a convincing Angela Lansburry and a good young Sarah Patterson in her debut.
Some of the scene's are pretty gross, thanks to the good special effects by Toby Philpott but it doesn't always look convincing.
Interesting movie that could and should have been made better.
well honestly in the theatre the first 15 minutes into it people were leaving. then by half an hour into it i was like oh my god! i'm watching little red riding hood!! this movie was terrible! just terrible!!! i mean if you have a uni-brow your a were-wolf?? i mean please!!!!it doesn't get any worse then this movie. so please do not waste your time watching it. trust me you'll regret wasting the precious time you could have been solving global aids or something
Whatever. I saw this film in 1984, 1994 and 2004, and I dislike it even
more each time I see it. Yeah, I get the "symbolism," and I can appreciate
the set design, but it is disjointed. The plot and concept are all over the
map, and the ending defies explanation. I've read the posts of other
viewers, and their responses/reactions to the film are rather vague. The
special effects are weak, regardless of the time period. People actually
find this film "frightening"????? Of course, considering this is a Neil
Jordan flick, I shouldn't be surprised.
Back in 1984, I remember 90% of the audience walking out within thirty minutes, and NOT because they were scared. Perhaps this film appeals only to a select "art house" crowd. Or, maybe one needs to be "enhanced" in order to appreciate the nuances.
*** This review may contain spoilers ***
"The sweetest tongue has the sharpest tooth." "If there is a beast in
man, it met-its-match in woman." "Don't go into the woods, Little Red
Riding Hood." Neil Jordan's (The Crying Game, and Interview With a
Vampire)werewolf-fable really excited me upon its release in 1984, and
it is a film that has aged well. A sensual-retelling of "Little Red
Riding Hood", and a really detailed realization of how bloody and gory
so-called "fairy-tales" are in their uncensored-versions. Co-written by
Angela Carter and Jordan, the Red Riding Hood story acts as an arc
which numerous stories are hung-from, and it is even framed as a modern
girl's dream! It has to be said that Terry Gilliam's "The Brothers
Grimm" covers similar-ground in the wolf-areas, but more on that later.
This is a fairy-tale for adults, and a really sexy, satisfying one
This film got a lot of attention at the time, because it deals with that tender period of puberty, and the end of adolescence. It's a painful-period for most people, male or female, and so Company of Wolves is essentially a story of innocence-lost. The irony is, Jordan doesn't paint this loss as being so bad, and that a surrender-to-passion can be a wonderful letting-go. But we lose-something, entering adulthood, a kind of magical sense-of-reality where everything is new, mysterious and alive. We lose Eden. Entering into an almost "UFA-expressionism", this is a story of feminine sexual-exploration and discovery, a real treat. It's definitely a feminist horror-tale, and has some interesting-takes on female-empowerment through sexual-knowledge.
Angela Lansbury plays the archetypal-Grandmother, a symbol of ancient feminine-wisdom. Her character reminded me of the Oracle of Delphi (the Oracle only tells us what we already-know!), and she is also a cautioner against the mistakes-of-youth.Jordan and Carter go-so-far as to have her demise reveal that she's made of porcelain--an open-admission that she's a symbol! Of course, the authors change things in the Red Riding Hood story, and the ending is pretty original and unexpected. Eventually, all lambs must become rams and sheep. Eventually, all lillies must wilt-and-die. We should enjoy the beauty and virility that we all have, while we have it. It's sad, we see the results of young-girls who aren't cautious in "the company of wolves", as the werewolf is really a symbol of bestial-mankind...serial-killers, and sexual-predators, and abusive-mates. These are the stuff of dreams, and nightmares.
This film was made in-the-wake of Ted Bundy and the public's awareness of the "serial-killer" phenomena. Bundy, truly a "wolf-in-sheep's-clothing", lured "young girls who stray from the path". In many-cases, he murdered and disposed-of his female-victims in the forests of the American Northwest. Conversely, whenever a mutilated-body was discovered in a Medieval town, city or village, it was often attributed to werewolves from the forests. Nobody could believe a human-being could do such-things, and fairy-tales were both cautionary-tales and a cathartic way of dealing with these murders. The same is true today with film, and I give enormous credit to Angela Carter and Neil Jordan for finding the connection between the fairy-tale and genuine-horror.
Sometimes, we are surrounded by lesser-wolves, and there is a part of us that is all-wolf. Another cautionary-aspect of the Little Red Riding Hood fable is the wolf's masquerade as "Grandma"--it warns of wolves in our own families, which was also covered well in Gilliam's "Brothers Grimm" with the father-subplot. The beginnings of "film-noir"? Not-exactly, but the cautionary-part of these ancient-stories is why they are still with us. They tell us things about ourselves and others that we ignore at our own peril. Most people--usually young--ignore them. Fairy-tales are part of our pagan-past, and the film is studded with fertility-images in frogs, and a wonderful dream-sequence with lipstick, nests, and baby-statues in eggshells. Dream-imagery.
If you ever wanted to see Stephen Rea rip his face-off, this film has it. A tale of a vanished-husband (who turns-out to be a returned werewolf who feels spurned) features an early-performance by him that is pretty hard to watch, and cautionary of choosing the wrong-lover. Sure, young-adults will make many of the same-mistakes (we all do and will), but these tales are still valuable in making them aware that some people are dangerous, and that they are wolves or bestial. With such an incredible UK-cast featuring the always-great David Warner (Time Bandits, Straw Dogs, The Omen) Stephen Rea (The Crying Game, V for Vendetta), Graham Crowden (If..., The Ruling Class, Britannia Hospital), and Angela Lansbury, it's a very entertaining watch. Such a moody, graphic, sensual film is a great date-film too! Your lady-friends will give-themselves-up to desire, give-themselves to the wolf...
Hen's Tooth has done a great job with this film on DVD. It's widescreen, with an excellent transfer, and very active sound. This is great, because it's a very subtle film, with a fragile cinematography and sound-design and score. Forget extras, get the aforementioned right, then we'll talk "extras".
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Broken Arrow Library is closed Oct. 27-Dec. 7 for library improvements. Holds may be picked up at Martin Regional Library.
The incident began on 31 May 1921, and continued into the next day, 1 June 1921.
Source: Death in a Promised Land (TCCL call# 976.686 E47d 1982), pp.47-57.
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From the bird to the sides to the cranberry sauce and the pie, it's all here for you.
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text: Posted by Alan Ng on 31 October Google Nexus Two: Full list of Specs and T-Mobile Release? We have some more details on the rumored Google Nexus Two smartphone now, and possibly the most revealing news yet. The handset is yet to be announced by Google, but... 14 31 October, 2010 Cell Phone Information, Cell Phones more


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By Marshall Connolly, Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
2/20/2013 (1 year ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
The meteor that hit Russia last week is now believed to be the largest object to strike Earth in over 100 years. NASA scientists now estimate it to be 1,000 times larger than previously believed, exploding with 500 kilotons of energy.
By Marshall Connolly, Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
2/20/2013 (1 year ago)
Published in Asia Pacific
Keywords: Chelyabinsk, meteorite, asteroid 2012 DA14, impact, Russia, injuries, injured, hurt, killed, impact, Tunguska, science, reporting
LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Scientists have revised their estimate of the meteor's mass upwards from 10 tons to 10,000. NASA led the effort to revise the estimates after reviewing data from stations around the world that recorded the event as shockwaves reverberated around the planet.
The key to this analysis was infrasound data. Infrasound waves are too low in frequency for humans to hear, but can be detected with special equipment. These low frequency sounds travel much farther than the sounds we hear and scientists can use them to determine direction, location, and even the power of the source.
The Russian meteorite event illustrates a common problem in news reporting. Often in the immediate wake of an event, reporters seeking out any knowledge they can, find an expert who on the basis of an initial review of the data, will make an off-the-cuff estimate. This speculative answer is then widely propagated through the media.
This was also evident when it was initially reported that the Russian military shot down the meteorite. This obviously ridiculous statement was also propagated for some time in the immediate aftermath of the event.
The good thing about science is that it is self-correcting. The work done by NASA to calculate the true mass of the meteorite is evidence of this. In science, data is repeatedly reviewed and tested to provide simple answers about real events. These answers can then be bundled into conclusions and theories.
If anything, the revision suggests that we should never be too excited when we hear news of astounding scientific discoveries. Often, months to years following an event or a major discovery, science, patiently laboring, finds that the initial conclusion was in error. A notable example was last year's revelation that neutrinos did not in fact travel faster than the speed of light as was widely reported following a European study. Instead, there was a problem with the calibration of the equipment that caused a bad result.
The new estimate of mass for the Russian meteorite now means that it ranks as the largest thing to strike the Earth in over 100 years. It's predecessor is thought to have been the Tunguska event which took place in Siberia in 1908 and flattened like matchsticks, some 80 million trees in the Siberian wilderness.
That event was also detected as far away as London.
The greatest conclusion we can draw from this event is to take initial scientific discoveries and announcements with a grain of salt. Until peer review has had an opportunity to weigh in, it's hasty to draw formal conclusions.
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
As the Catholic Church there begins to celebrate its 500 years there, Christianity remains a small minority in predominantly Buddhist Myanmar. According to a census conducted this year, Catholics number about 750,000 out of a population estimated at just over ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Relations between the Vatican and China have been frosty since the communist takeover in the 1950s, and the Holy See has found it very difficult to warm relations with the Asian superpower. But with an unprecedented proposal from China, all that could very well ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
The nation of India recently saw the deaths of 13 women, with as many as 50 women seriously injured after a hasty mass sterilization camp in Ghuvara in Chhatarpur district. Lessons were not learned, it appears, as another 132 women were reportedly operated upon ... continue reading
By Magdalena Mis, Thomson Reuters Foundation
Nearly two billion people use water contaminated by feces, posing a global health risk despite billions of dollars spent on sanitation, said a report published on Wednesday. LONDON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - One in seven people, mostly poor and living in ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Five million people are expected to flood Goa, India in order to venerate the remains of 16th century Spanish missionary Francis Xavier. The remains will be on display for 40 days beginning this weekend. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - In order to ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
A baby boy born with four arms and four legs is drawing crowds to Baruipur, a city in India's eastern West Bengal State. The child has been called "God Boy" by his parents as he resembles a Hindu deity with multiple arms and legs. LOS ANGELES, CA ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
The Telegraph has published a list of eight crimes for which North Korea and its leadership could be tried in international court. Although the odds of anyone from North Korea facing such justice are long, the world should be prepared because anything could happen in ... continue reading
By Kieran Guilbert, Thomson Reuters Foundation
A woman in northern India was stripped naked and paraded through her village on a donkey after being accused of murdering her nephew, according to a BBC News report on Monday. LONDON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - The village council in Rajsamand district in ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
It's too early for Christmas - but two American men are on the run after a grisly package that they allegedly shipped from Thailand made it back to the states. According to officials, the men's package included a severed baby's head and a child's left foot cut ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
An ongoing campaign in Nepal to cut down on the number of newborn deaths is being carried out by thousands of volunteers, aided by the U.S. Development Agency (USAID). LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Bhumisara Upadhyay is just one of these volunteers, who ... continue reading


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Anderson/Kvelve/von Krogh families revealed
Tuesday, April 16, 2013 4:53 AM
Percival Narveson and his wife Inga Hendrickson married in 1952
Several weeks ago I wrote about Inga Hendrickson and the Hendrickson Café. Since Inga has a very interesting heritage, I would like to share some of this information.
I personally knew Inga, who was married to Percival Narveson. Percy, as we called him, was Spring Grove's historian and also wrote many articles for the Winona Daily News and the Spring Grove Herald.
They both loved to play Scrabble and so many hours were spent in the evenings, playing this game. Percival once wrote an article about Inga for the News entitled, "She Traces Her Family Back to Norse Royalty."
Inga had a sister, Claribel Hendrickson, who at one time was married to Halvard Arnsten and had two children, Vernice and Virginia. They divorced and Claribel married a Stoen and then later a Haddon.
An adopted brother by the name of Rolf Hendrickson married Ardys Rasmus from the Mabel area; they had one son Russell and lived in California.
Martha (Anderson) Hendrickson, born 1876, the mother of Inga, Claribel and Rolf, and wife of Nelius Hendrickson, had two brothers in Spring Grove who ran businesses - Albert and James.
Albert Anderson, born 1880, married Delia Jeska who ran the restaurant in the same building as where his father, Brown Anderson, had run a business for over 50 years.
Albert and Delia had two children, Albert Jr. (married Marion Tweeten) and Helen (married Charles Duncanson). After Albert Sr. died, Albert Jr. and Charles Duncanson ran the former Anderson Café as the C & D Lunch.
James Fredrick Anderson or "Fred" as we all knew him and his wife, the former Palma Golberg, ran the Jack Sprat grocery store for many years.
The other Anderson siblings were: Carl who lived in Montana, Inga married to William Bandel and who lived at Cody, Wyo.; Ben who lived at Kindred, N.D.; and Rudolf, who lived in La Crosse, Wis.
Rudolf was an accomplished violinist and used the name Kvelve, the family name from Norway, instead of Anderson.
The parents of these children were Augustinus Bruun "Brown" Anderson, born April 7, 1851, in Albion, Wis. and died Sept. 24, 1935, at Caledonia. He was married to Caroline Hemri, daughter of Ole and Martha Hemri from Black Hammer.
In 1881, he came to Spring Grove and opened a restaurant and confectionery business and was at the same location the rest of his life.
Rasmus Anderson, a brother of Brown, was a famous professor at the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
Often considered the "Father of Norwegian Literature in America", he became in his later years the United States Minister to Denmark.
Rasmus said that his father, Bjorn Andersen Kvelve, was a born agitator and frequently stirred up trouble. Because his wife, Abel Catherine von Krogh, had married a peasant - an offense in the eyes of her more aristocratic family - she was ostracized by friends and relatives.
The von Kroghs had come into Denmark from Germany about 1640 and the military annals show many officers bearing that name in the army.
Bjorn and his wife came to America and settled in Albion, Dane County, Wis., where Bjorn and a son died from the cholera in the autumn of 1850, leaving his pregnant wife with eight children. Brown Anderson was born the following spring.
Cecelia Anderson, born 1840, a daughter of Bjorn and Abel Catherine, and a sister of Brown and Rasmus, married Reverend Styrk S. Reque, who was Trinity Lutheran's church's pastor until he died.
The Anderson/Kvelve/von Krogh family history has deep roots in Spring Grove. Rasmus in his autobiography writes that they were even related to the famous violinist, Ole Bull.
At the Giants of the Earth Heritage Center, Inc, in downtown Spring Grove, we maintain an Internet-based "Collaborative Tree" for families with connections in this area.
There is also a library on the second floor of the Ballard House (at 163 W. Main St.) with printed materials relevant to genealogy and local history that is open to the public.
Also check their website at www.sgheritage.org for our open hours or call ahead if you would be coming from some distance - (507) 498-5070.
Additions and corrections to these columns are welcome.
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text: Has anyone had one of their little ones had eye exams early on? I know they do them as young as six months now. Based on my eye problems which leave me almost legally blind, because they are inherited my eye doctor said it would be a good idea to get Carsyn in to have an appointment sometime soon. I want to get him in early because the earlier any problems are detected the better the chance for them being corrected later on but I am also nervous and worried I am worrying to much.


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North Carolina > Knightdale Yellow Pages > Construction > Contractors > Roofers Knightdale
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Dingy carpets, grimy kitchens, and dryer ducts clogged with lint: the many arms of Chicagoland Cleaners can restore them all to sparkling-clean purity. With a focus on using advanced equipment and eco-friendly products wherever possible, the cleaners create peaceful, pristine environments inside and outside homes. Interior housecleaning services are as diverse as regular maid service and deep cleaning, including hardwood-floor waxing in preparation for sock-sliding relays. The crew purges air-duct systems with HEPA dustless technology, which safely removes debris and spores without releasing byproducts into the surrounding area. High-powered pressure is also available for washing homes' exteriors or purging driveways, patios, and walls of caked-on dirt and modernist avian art.
Using thorough, residue-free cleaning techniques, White Glove Cleaning and Restoration's insured cleaners descend upon homes to relieve them of dust, dirt, and grime. Owners Mandi and Derek's team of spick-and-span savants pummels dirt on carpets, upholstery, tile, air ducts, and dryer vents. In accordance with White Glove Cleaning and Restoration's satisfaction guarantee, cleaners tenaciously scrub homes until each room glistens to customers' expectations, or until grout sparkles bright enough to disorient migrating geese.
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Check out the hair dos (on Debra Messing and others) and don'ts (like Mariska Hargitay's) that stars wore on the red carpet. By Serena Kappes and Beth Lipton
Credit: Gregg DeGuire/WireImage
Updated: Monday Sep 20, 2004 | 12:00 AM EDT
More from PEOPLE
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8 of 10
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit star Mariska Hargitay (a nominee for lead actress in a drama series) went for flourish with a large flower in her hair, but combined with her shellacked coif, it just overwhelms her.
Copyright © 2014 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.


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Welcome to Puerto Vallarta and Riviera Nayarit
Puerto Vallarta and Riviera Nayarit are two of Mexico's most popular tourist destinations - equally popular with both national and international visitors. Puerto Vallarta has been consistently voted by Conde Nast readers as one their top ten favorite international destinations for years and Riviera Nayarit consistently obtains some of the highest occupancy rates in Mexico. VirtualVallarta.com is your guide to this wonderful region and communities nearby - some within Banderas Bay and others a little farther away along what we refer to as Costa Vallarta.
We think you are going to enjoy this site and encourage you to visit frequently. There literally is more information here about Puerto Vallarta and Riviera Nayarit, and their many communities, than you'll find anywhere else.
Local News
Here are the latest important news about our destination, along with upcoming events you will not want to miss! For our news archives, please visit the News section.
The Highland Park Sister Cities Foundation hosted seminars on domestic violence in Puerto Vallarta, one of its Sister Cities, on November 13 and 14, at the Puerto Vallarta Police Academy and the Law School at the University of Guadalajara in Puerto Vallarta.
The International Surfing Association (ISA) has just announced that the 2015 ISA World StandUp Paddle and Paddleboard Championship (WSUPPC) will take place in Sayulita, Riviera Nayarit, on May 10 - 17, 2015. This will be the first time that Mexico hosts the event.
Act II Entertainment has announced the seasonal return of Canadian performer Kim Kuzma, who returns to the entertainment complex's Red Room Cabaret with two weekly shows. Kuzma's extensive vocal range and sassy stage presence have earned her a reputation as a dynamic performer.
The Palm Cabaret and Bar recently announced the return of popular contemporary jazz singer and songwriter, Spencer Day, opening on Monday, November 17 at 7 pm, and the debut of 'Greater Tuna' starring Tracy Parks and Chaz Weathers, opening on Wednesday, November 19 at 7 pm.
The inaugural Vallarta-Nayarit Classic Rock Festival will take place December 12 - 14 in Puerto Vallarta and Riviera Nayarit, both destinations welcoming 20 acts that will appear at the festival, including Americana rockers, the BoDeans, blues favorites, Fabulous Thunderbirds, and many more artists.
A favorite among Puerto Vallarta pet owners, the 9th Annual Pet Picnic has been announced to take place on Saturday, December 6 at 11 am. Daiquiri Dick's Restaurant will once again host the event, an annual fiesta for pets and their owners that provides a wonderful opportunity to meet other like-minded individuals, while contributing to a good cause.
Ready to jumpstart their seasonal activities, the Vallarta Garden Club has just announced their first meeting, to take place on Thursday, November 20 at Coco's Kitchen in Amapas. The Vallarta Garden Club's mission is to beautify and protect the environment through civic planting projects, and educational and horticultural programs.
This season's free Malecon Sculpture Tours led by Galería Pacífico owner/director, Gary Thompson, return this month, beginning November 18, and continue until the middle of April. The tours take place 9:30 am on Tuesday mornings, and also feature contact with two of the artists whose work is included in the tour.
The Purr Project, a Puerto Vallarta-based no-kill cat shelter with approximately 200 resident felines, organizes seasonal charity bingo events in which folks have an opportunity to donate to a good cause while having fun. This season, Purr Project Bingo will take place at Playa Los Arcos Hotel two Wednesdays per month. Find out details here!
The popular glass shop Mundo de Cristal will host renowned glass artist José Strimling November 14 to December 12, during which time the artist's unique work will be available for purchase. The artist will be on hand to interact with the public.
Hacienda San Angel has just announced Saturday, November 29 as the date for their annual "Evening Under the Stars," a gala fundraiser for the SPCA de PV, a local non-profit dedicated to fund and promote sterilization, adoption and healthcare efforts for companion animals in the Puerto Vallarta area.
Galeria Colectika has just announced a special exhibition this week, showcasing art inspired by Day of the Dead. They have erected a traditional Day of the Dead altar in the gallery, which will be complemented with outstanding selections of Mexican folk art with the traditional Catrina as subject matter.
Bravos Restaurant Bar, a relatively new restaurant in Colonia Emiliano Zapata, has just announced a Breakfast for a Good Cause to take place on Friday, November 7 at 10 am. The suggested donation is $250 pesos per person, and 60% of all proceeds will be donated to Corazón de Niña.
Kickoff is around the corner for two of Riviera Nayarit's seasonal markets and a third one, in Lo de Marcos, is opening for the first time. Known locally as mercados or tianguis, these weekly "shopportunities" are a must for newcomers and residents alike.
If you've wondered about the identity of the Mexican icon that graces our country's $200 peso bills, you can learn about her at El Arrayán during Mexico's upcoming Day of the Dead celebration, October 30 - November 2.