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EnglishGolfer Name must be 4 to 16 characters in length, only letters and numbers allowed. Golfer Name can contain no spaces.
Ultimo aggiornamento 2014-04-22
Golfer Name must be 4 to 16 characters in length, only letters and numbers allowed. Golfer Name can contain no spaces.
Golfer Name must be 4 to 16 characters in length, only letters and numbers allowed. Golfer Name can contain no spaces.
Ultimo aggiornamento 2014-02-09
Chapter I
Political Science: The Discipline
Robert E. Goodin
Hans-Dieter Klingemann
RETROSPECTIVES are, by their nature, inherently selective. Many fascinating observations are contained within the wide- ranging surveys which constitute the New Handbook of Political Science. Many more emerge from reading across all of its chapters, collectively. But, inevitably, the coverage is incomplete and, equally inevitably, somewhat idiosyncratic. All authors are forced to leave out much of merit, often simply because it does not fit their chosen narrative structure. The New Handbook's contributors tell a large part of the story of what has been happening in political science in the last two decades, but none would pretend to have told the whole story.
It is the task of this introductory chapter to set those chapters in a larger disciplinary context and to pull out some of their more interesting common threads. Just as the coverage of each of the following chapters is inevitably selective, that of this overview of the overviews is, inevitably, all the more so. Of the several themes and subthemes which emerge, looking across these chapters as a whole, we shall focus upon one in particular.
The New Handbook provides striking evidence of the professional maturation of political science as a discipline. This development has two sides to it. On the one side, there is increasing differentiation, with more and more sophisticated work being done within subdisciplines (and, indeed, within sub-specialities within subdisciplines). On the other side, there is increasing integration across all the separate subdisciplines.
Of the two, increasing differentiation and specialization is the more familiar story, integration the more surprising one. But dearly it is the case that there is, nowadays, an increasing openness to and curiosity about what is happening in adjacent subdisciplines. An increasingly shared
overarching intellectual agenda across most all of the subdisciplines makes it possible for theoretical innovations to travel across subdisciplinary boundaries. An increasingly shared methodological tool-kit makes such interchange easy. All of this is facilitated, in turn, by an increasing band of synthesizers of the discipline, often intellectually firmly rooted in one particular subdiscipline but capable of speaking to many subdisciplines in terms which they find powerfully engaging. Among the many things which strike us, reading across the chapters of the New Handbook as a Whole, these are the ones that strike us most forcefully and which we will elaborate upon in this chapter.
I Political science as a discipline
A central claim of this chapter is that political science, as a discipline, has become increasingly mature and professionalized.1 As an important preliminary to that discussion, we must address, necessarily briefly, a few threshold questions. What is it for political science to constitute a discipline? What is politics? In what sense can the study of politics aspire to the status of a science?
A The nature of a discipline
Inured as we are to speaking of the subdivisions of academic learning as "disciplines" it pays to reflect upon the broader implications of that phrase. According to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary a discipline is variously defined as: "a branch of instruction; mental and moral training, adversity as effecting this; military training, drill . . .; order maintained among schoolboys, soldiers, prisoners, etc.; system of rules for conduct; control exercised over members of church; chastisement; (Ecclesiastical) mortification by penance."
The last dictionary definition would seem to have only marginal application to academic disciplines, but most of the others have clear counterparts. An academic "discipline" may enjoy minimal scope to "punish," at least in the most literal senses ( Foucault 1977). Still, the community of
Once "professionalized" might have equated, readily and narrowly, to "Americanized." But as alluded to in our Preface and as is evident from New Handbook contributors' affiliations, the profession itself is becoming more internationalized, both in its personnel and in its professional concerns.
scholars which collectively constitutes a discipline does exercise a strict supervisory function--both over those working within it and, most especially, over those aspiring to do so. The "order maintained" is not quite the same as that over soldiers or schoolboys, nor is the training strictly akin to military drill. Nonetheless, there is a strong sense (shifting over time) of what is and what is not "good" work within the discipline, and there is a certain amount of almost rote learning involved in "mastering" a discipline.
All the standard terms used to describe academic disciplines hark back to much the same imagery. Many, for example, prefer to think of political analysis as more of an "art" or "craft" than a "science," strictly speaking ( Wildavsky 1979). But on that analogy the craft of politics can then only be mastered in the same manner in which all craft knowledge is acquired, by apprenticing oneself (in academic craftwork, "studying under") a recognized "master" Others like to speak of politics, as well as the academic study thereof, as a "vocation" ( Weber 1919/1946) or a "calling".2 But, tellingly, it is a vocation rather than an avocation, a job rather than a hobby; and as in the core religious meaning so too in the academic one, the "calling'' in question is to service of some higher power (be it an academic community or the Lord). Most of us, finally, talk of academic disciplines as "professions." In Dwight Waldo ( 1975: 123) delightful phrase "sciences know, professions profess." What scientists profess, however, are articles of the collective faith.
Any way we look at them, then, disciplines are construed at least in large part as stern taskmasters. But the same received disciplinary traditions and practices which so powerfully mould and constrain us are at one and the same time powerfully enabling. The framework provided by the structure of a discipline's traditions both focuses research and facilitates collaboration, unintentional as well as intentional. A shared disciplinary framework makes it possible for mere journeymen to stand, productively, on the shoulders of giants. It also makes it possible for giants to build, productively, on the contributions of legions of more ordinarily gifted practitioners.3
Discipline, academic or otherwise, is thus a classic instance of a useful self-binding mechanism. Subjecting oneself to the discipline of a discipline--or in the case of Dogan's (below: chap. 3) hybrid scholars, of several--is conducive to more and indisputably better work, both individually
Both Berger Invitation to Sociology ( 1963) and Medawar Advice to a Young Scientist ( 1989: esp. chap. 2) verge on this. Much the finest work in this genre remains F. M. Cornford justly celebrated Microcosmographia Academia ( 1908).
For powerful evidence of the way that certain discoveries are "on the cards" at some point in time, consider the cases of "multiple discoveries" discussed in Merton ( 1973).
and collectively. That is as true for the "chiefs" as the "indians" of the discipline, as true for the "Young Turks" as the "greybeards."
Branches of academic learning are "professions" as well as disciplines. "Professional" connotes, first of all, a relatively high-status occupational grade; and the organization of national and international "professional associations" doubtless has to do, in no small part, with securing the status and indeed salaries of academics thus organized. But the term "professional'' also, and more importantly, indicates a certain attitude toward one's work. A profession is a self-organizing community, oriented toward certain well-defined tasks or functions. A professional community is characterized by, and to a large extent defined in terms of, certain self-imposed standards and norms. Incoming members of the profession are socialized into those standards and norms, ongoing members are evaluated in terms of them. These professional standards and norms not only form the basis for evaluation of professionals by one another; they are "internalized," with professionals themselves taking a "critical reflective attitude" toward their own performances in light of them.4
The specific standards and norms vary from profession to profession, of course. But across all professions there is a sense of "minimal professional competence," captured by the ritual of "qualifying examinations" for intending political scientists in North American post-graduate training programs. And across all professions there is a notion of particular "role responsibilities" attaching to membership in a profession. The professional ethics of academics do not touch on issues of life and death in quite the same way as those of doctors or lawyers, perhaps. But virtually all academic professions have increasingly formal codes of ethics, touching largely on matters to do with integrity in the conduct and promulgation of research; and all professionals are expected to adhere to them faithfully ( APSA 1991).
One of our themes in this chapter is the increasing "professionalism" within political science as a whole. By this we mean, firstly, that there is increasing agreement to a "common core" which can be taken to define "minimal professional competence" within the profession. Secondly, there is an increasing tendency to judge work, one's own even more than others', in terms of increasingly high standards of professional excellence.
While the minimal standards are largely shared ones, the higher aspirations are many and varied. But as in medicine so too in political science, each sub-speciality within the larger profession has its own internal stan
In much the same way Hart ( 1961) depicts the norms of legal systems, more generally, being internalized. On the nature of professions and members orientation toward them, see Hughes ( 1958) and Parsons ( 1968).
dards of excellence, by which each member of that fraction of the profession is properly judged. And in political science just as in medicine, there is some broad sense across the profession as a whole as to how all the subspecialities sit together to form a coherent larger whole.
B What is politics?
The foregoing observations, by and large, pertain to academic disciplines quite generally. Disciplines are differentiated one from another in many ways, principally among them by their substantive concerns and by the methodologies that they have made their own. Although there are, as we shall argue, a number of useful "tricks" in political science's tool-kit which are shared by most members of most of its subdisciplines, Alker (below: chap. 35) is undeniably correct in saying that political science does not have--much less define itself in terms of--a single big methodological device all its own, the way that many disciplines do. Rather, political science as a discipline is defined by its substantive concerns, by its fixation on "politics" in all its myriad forms.
"Politics" might best be characterized as the constrained use of social power. Following on from that, the study of politics--whether by academics or practical politicians--might be characterized, in turn, as the study of the nature and source of those constraints and the techniques for the use of social power within those constraints.5
When defining politics in terms of power, we follow many before us.6 "Power" is, by now, well known to be a fraught conceptual field.7 Respectful though we are of its complexities, we decline to let ourselves get bogged down in them. Dahl ( 1957) old neo-Weberian definition still serves well enough. In those terms, X has power over Y insofar as: (i) X is able, in one way or another, to get Y to do something (ii) that is more to X's liking, and (iii) which Y would not otherwise have done.
Where our analysis departs from tradition is in defining politics in terms of the constrained use of power. To our way of thinking, unconstrained power is force, pure and simple. It is not a political power play at all, except perhaps in some degenerate, limiting-case sense. Pure force, literally
This in turn gives rise to the dual foci of the discipline, identified by Almond (below: chap. 2), on "the properties of political institutions and the criteria we use to evaluate them."
Notable among them: Weber ( 1922/ 1978); Lassweil ( 1950; Lasswell and Kaplan 1950), Dahl ( 1963) and Duverger ( 1964/ 1966). We, like them, focus specifically on "social" power, the power of people over other people.
To classic texts such as Russell ( 1938), Jouvenel ( 1945/ 1948) and Dahl ( 1957; 1961b; 1963) have recently been added Lukes ( 1974), Barry ( 1989: esp. chaps. 8-11) and Morriss ( 1987).
speaking, is more the province of physics (or its social analogues: military science and the martial arts) than of politics.8 It is the constraints under which political actors operate, and strategic maneuvering that they occasion and that occurs within them, that seems to us to constitute the essence of politics.9 It is the analysis of those constraints--where they come from, how they operate, how political agents might operate within them--that seems to us to lie at the heart of the study of politics.10
We talk, broadly, about the use of social power (rather than, more narrowly, about its "exercise") as a gesture toward the multitude of ways in which political agents might maneuver within such constraints. We mean the term to cover intentional acts as well as unintended consequences of purposeful action ( Merton 1936). We mean it to cover covert manipulatory politics as well as overt power plays ( Schattschneider 1960; Goodin 1980; Riker 1986). We mean it to cover passive as well as active workings of power, internalized norms as well as external threats ( Bachrach and Baratz 1963; Lukes 1974). The infamous "law of anticipated reactions" non-decisions and the hegemonic shaping of people's preferences ( Laclau and Mouffe 1985) must all be accommodated in any decently expansive sense of the political.
One further comment on concepts. In defining politics (and the study of it) as we do, we explicitly depart from the purely distributional tradition of Lasswell ( 1950) classic formulation of "politics" as "who gets what, when and how''11 Perhaps it is true that all political acts ultimately have distributional consequences; and perhaps it is even true that therein lies most of our interest in the phenomenon. But in terms of the meaning of the act to the actor, many political acts are at least in the first instance distinctly non- distributional. And even in the final analysis, much of the social significance--objective as well as subjective--of certain political interactions might never be reducible to crass questions of dividing up the social pie. Distributive, regulative, redistributive ( Lowi 1964) and identity ( Sandel 1982) politics may all have their own distinctive styles.
In saying this, we are following (loosely) Crick 1962.
Or Easton ( 1965) of politics as the authoritative allocation of values--at least insofar as that is construed, first and foremost, as a matter of the allocation of"valued things" in a society.
Thus, an absolute dictator in quest of complete, unconstrained power would rightly be said to be engaged in an (inevitably futile) attempt to transcend politics.
Consider the following analogy drawn from a cognate discipline. Philosophers talk in terms of "strong" considerations, "compelling" arguments, and such like ( Nozick 1981: 4-6). But consider an argument such that if we did believe it we would die: that is about as compelling as an argument can get; but winning a point by means of such an argument seems the antithesis of real philosophical disputation, the essence of which is give-and-take. By the same token, the very essence of politics is strategic maneuvering ( Riker 1986); and irresistible forces, insofar as they leave no scope for such maneuvering, are the antithesis of politics (however successful they are at getting others to do what you want).
Distributional struggles are characterized, in welfare economists' terms, as squabbles over where we sit on the Paretian frontier; but getting to the Paretian frontier is itself a tricky problem, involving a lot of politicking of quite a different sort which is often distinctively non-distributional, at least in the first instance. Important though it undeniably is that our understanding of politics should be attuned to distributive struggles, then, it is equally important that it not be committed in advance to analyzing all else exclusively in terms of them.
C The several sciences of politics
Much ink has been sprit over the question of whether, or in what sense, the study of politics is or is not truly a science. The answer largely depends upon how much one tries to load into the term "science." We prefer a minimalist definition of science as being just "systematic enquiry, building toward an ever more highly-differentiated set of ordered propositions about the empirical world.''12 In those deliberately spartan terms, there is little reason to think that the study of politics cannot aspire to be scientific.
Many, of course, mean much more than that by the term. A logical positivist might cast the aspirations of science in terms of finding some set of "covering laws" so strong that even a single counter-example would suffice to falsify them. Clearly, that sets the aspirations of science much too high ever to be attained in the study of politics. The truths of political science, systematic though they may be, are and seem inevitably destined to remain essentially probabilistic in form. The "always" and "never" of the logical positivist's covering laws find no purchase in the political world, where things are only ever "more or less likely" to happen.
The reason is not merely that our explanatory model is incomplete, not merely that there are other factors in play which we have not yet managed to factor in. That will inevitably be true, too, of course. But the deeper source of such errors in the positivist model of political science lies in a misconstrual of the nature of its subject. A covering law model may (or may not: that is another issue) work well enough for billiard balls subject to the sorts of forces presupposed by models of Newtonian mechanics: there all actions can be said to be caused, and the causes can be exhaustively traced to forces acting externally upon the "actors." But human beings, while they are undeniably subject to certain causal forces as well, are also in
After the fashion o
Ultimo aggiornamento 2014-10-29
00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:01,600
Previously on criminal minds...
00:00:01,700 --> 00:00:03,400
Elle, 2 weeks of pure heaven.
00:00:03,500 --> 00:00:04,600
Do not call me for anything.
00:00:04,700 --> 00:00:06,300
Have a great time. You
all deserve a break.
00:00:06,400 --> 00:00:07,500
Welcome to paradise.
00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:09,000
Your resort is beautiful.
00:00:09,100 --> 00:00:12,000
A man said there had
been a murder in room 19.
00:00:12,100 --> 00:00:13,000
Get down! Aah!
00:00:13,100 --> 00:00:14,500
Who are you?!
00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:15,800
Where is the victim's head?
00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:16,900
I'm here on vacation.
00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:18,600
From jamaica. Someone sent you a head?
00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:20,300
Morgan and elle are
in jamaica right now.
00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:21,500
Agent greenaway wasn't even here
00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:22,600
When this man was killed.
00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:23,700
How did he know where we were?
00:00:23,800 --> 00:00:25,500
A man came to the door with something
00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:26,500
He said you would need right away.
00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:27,700
He came to the door?
00:00:27,700 --> 00:00:29,100
I was playing a game yesterday.
00:00:29,200 --> 00:00:31,500
The hacker could have gotten
into my computer first.
00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:34,100
I have far less protection
on my own laptop.
00:00:34,200 --> 00:00:35,500
How could you be that stupid?
00:00:35,600 --> 00:00:37,000
I found him. You what?
00:00:37,100 --> 00:00:38,100
I know who he is, the hacker,
00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:39,100
His name's geist.
00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:40,500
Now you're on a quest.
00:00:40,600 --> 00:00:42,200
A young girl's life depends
00:00:42,300 --> 00:00:43,800
On the successful completion of it.
00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:46,100
Aah! Aah!
00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:48,900
The one rule is, only
the members of your team
00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:50,500
May participate in the quest.
00:00:51,800 --> 00:00:52,800
He's given us all the clues
00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:54,700
Needed to complete this quest,
00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:56,300
Including this book code.
00:00:56,400 --> 00:00:58,900
Each one of these sets of numbers
represents a particular word.
00:00:58,900 --> 00:01:00,200
From what book?
00:01:00,200 --> 00:01:02,200
Jj, get some reporters
here as soon as possible.
00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:04,100
Didn't he say that we had
to keep this under the team?
00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:05,500
We're looking for this man...
00:01:05,500 --> 00:01:08,400
No, no, no, no, i said no outsiders.
00:01:08,500 --> 00:01:10,000
I'm awake.
00:01:10,100 --> 00:01:11,300
Anderson, take greenaway home.
00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:12,900
Yes, sir. Get some sleep.
00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:15,400
I told you, it was one rule.
00:01:15,500 --> 00:01:16,600
One rule!
00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:22,900
"The defects and faults of the mind
00:01:22,900 --> 00:01:25,200
"Are like wounds in the body.
00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:26,300
"After all imaginable
care has been taken
00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:28,700
"To heal them up,
00:01:28,700 --> 00:01:32,400
Still there will be a scar left behind."
00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:35,000
French writer francois la rochefoucauld.
00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:42,500
Sir, i thought you'd want to know.
00:01:42,500 --> 00:01:44,700
We identified the girl in the video...
00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:46,400
Rebecca bryant.
00:01:46,400 --> 00:01:48,500
Leave it on the desk.
00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:09,400
Reid, how many books do you
think are published in a year?
00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:10,600
In the whole world?
00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:11,700
00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:14,400
Great, and all we gotta do is find one.
00:02:16,100 --> 00:02:17,800
You know, i can see this unsub
00:02:17,800 --> 00:02:19,000
Gettin' our phone numbers and addresses
00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:20,000
From the bureau personnel files,
00:02:20,100 --> 00:02:21,400
But come on, man,
00:02:21,500 --> 00:02:23,700
It really says in there
that gideon digs nellie fox?
00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:25,700
Or that jj collects butterflies?
00:02:25,700 --> 00:02:27,600
I didn't even know
these things about us.
00:02:27,700 --> 00:02:29,200
"Ever would it be night,
00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:31,900
But always clear day
to any man's sight."
00:02:31,900 --> 00:02:34,800
Reid, not again with the poem
from the music box, please.
00:02:34,800 --> 00:02:35,900
There's something familiar about it.
00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,800
I think i've heard it somewhere before.
00:02:38,900 --> 00:02:40,400
Thought you had a photographic memory.
00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:41,700
Eidetic memory,
00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:43,100
And that's primarily
related to things i read.
00:02:43,200 --> 00:02:45,100
Like i said, this is
something i think i've heard.
00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:46,200
Which leaves us...
00:02:46,300 --> 00:02:47,200
Nowhere, that's where it leaves is.
00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:48,300
Not necessarily.
00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:49,400
How would we proceed
00:02:49,500 --> 00:02:52,000
If we didn't have all these clues?
00:02:52,100 --> 00:02:53,500
What's the first thing we'd look at?
00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:54,900
00:02:54,900 --> 00:02:56,500
Why this particular victim
in this particular place
00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:57,600
At this particular time?
00:02:57,600 --> 00:02:59,100
We have a victim, don't we?
00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:01,200
Rebecca bryant.
00:03:01,300 --> 00:03:03,400
Missin' out of south boston, virginia.
00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:05,300
You can get there in a
few hours if you hurry.
00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:07,900
Take jj. Find out everything
there is to know about this girl.
00:03:07,900 --> 00:03:08,900
You go it.
00:03:08,900 --> 00:03:10,000
Been lettin' him lead us around
00:03:10,100 --> 00:03:11,000
Like he's somethin' more than he is.
00:03:11,100 --> 00:03:12,600
He's just another unsub.
00:03:12,600 --> 00:03:13,800
Let's start puttin' together a profile.
00:03:13,900 --> 00:03:15,300
What you want me to do?
00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:16,500
Just keep workin' on this.
00:03:16,500 --> 00:03:18,100
If anybody can put it together, you can.
00:03:40,600 --> 00:03:42,400
Please help me.
00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:49,000
Anderson?e translit
Ultimo aggiornamento 2014-07-24
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Lottery Programme held today 18th December 2012 from the World lotto
Lottery programme. Which is fully based on an electronic selection of all
the internet user in Asia/ Europe/ Africa/ America. winners using e-mail
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ticket number: 47061725
serial number 7741137002
batch numbers : WNDLINC 70564943902.
Ref: 4758961725
EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com
Please quote your reference, batch and winning number which can be found on
the top left corner of this notification as well as with the following details
below to enable the speedy evaluation and processing of your winning.
1 Your Name.
2 Your Home address.
3 Your Telephone number.
4 Your Age and occupation.
5 Ticket number.
6 Serial number.
7 File number.
For security reasons, we advice all winners to REPLY to
email@example.com and to keep this information confidential from the
public until your claim is processed and your prize released to you. This is
part of our security protocol to avoid double claiming and unwarranted taking
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gAssessment of menopausal status, including premature ovarian failure
Assessing ovarian status, including follicle development, ovarian reserve, and ovarian responsiveness, as part of an evaluation for infertility and assisted reproduction protocols such as in vitro fertilization
Assessing ovarian function in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Evaluation of infants with ambiguous genitalia and other intersex conditions
Evaluating testicular function in infants and children
Diagnosing and monitoring patients with antimullerian hormone-secreting ovarian granulosa cell tumors
Method Name
Immunometric Assay
Reporting Name
Antimullerian Hormone, S
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Mullerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH)
Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS)
Specimen Type
Specimen Required
Preferred: Red top
Acceptable: Serum gel
Specimen Volume: 0.2 mL
Specimen Minimum Volume
0.1 mL
Reject Due To
Hemolysis Mild OK; Gross reject acceptable to 1,000 mg/dL
Lipemia Mild OK, Gross needs to be spun
Icterus Mild OK, interpret with caution; Gross reject
Other NA
Specimen Stability Information
Specimen Type Temperature Time
Serum Refrigerated (preferred) 7 days
Frozen 90 days
Clinical Information
Antimullerian hormone (AMH), also known as mullerian-inhibiting substance, is a dimeric glycoprotein hormone belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta family. It is produced by Sertoli cells of the testis in males and by ovarian granulosa cells in females. Expression during male fetal development prevents the mullerian ducts from developing into the uterus and other mullerian structures, resulting in normal development of the male reproductive tract. In the absence of AMH, the mullerian ducts and structures develop into the female reproductive tract. AMH is also expressed in the follicles of females of reproductive age and inhibits the transition of follicles from primordial to primary stages. Follicular AMH production begins during the primary stage, peaks in the preantral and small antral stages, and then decreases to undetectable concentrations as follicles grow larger.
AMH serum concentrations are elevated in males under 2 years old and then progressively decrease until puberty, when there is a sharp decline. By contrast, AMH concentrations are low in female children until puberty. Concentrations then decline slowly over the reproductive lifespan as the size of the pool of remaining microscopic follicles decreases. AMH concentrations are frequently below the detection limit of current assays after natural or premature menopause.
Because of the gender differences in AMH concentrations, its changes in circulating concentrations with sexual development, and its specificity for Sertoli and granulosa cells, measurement of AMH has utility in the assessment of gender, gonadal function, fertility, and as a gonadal tumor marker. Since AMH is produced continuously in the granulosa cells of small follicles during the menstrual cycle, it is superior to the episodically released gonadotropins and ovarian steroids as a marker of ovarian reserve. Furthermore, AMH concentrations are unaffected by pregnancy or use of oral or vaginal estrogen- or progestin-based contraceptives.
Studies in fertility clinics have shown that females with higher concentrations of AMH have a better response to ovarian stimulation and tend to produce more retrievable oocytes than females with low or undetectable AMH. Females at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after gonadotropin administration can have significantly elevated AMH concentrations. Polycystic ovarian syndrome can elevate serum AMH concentrations because it is associated with the presence of large numbers of small follicles.
AMH measurements are commonly used to evaluate testicular presence and function in infants with intersex conditions or ambiguous genitalia, and to distinguish between cryptorchidism (testicles present but not palpable) and anorchia (testicles absent) in males. In minimally virilized phenotypic females, AMH helps differentiate between gonadal and nongonadal causes of virilization.
Serum AMH concentrations are increased in some patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors, which comprise approximately 10%[ERROR] of ovarian tumors. AMH, along with related tests including inhibin A and B (#81049 Inhibin A, Tumor Marker, Serum; #88722 Inhibin B, Serum, #86336 Inhibin A and B, Tumor Marker, Serum), estradiol (#81816 Estradiol, Serum), and CA-125 (#9289 Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), Serum), can be useful for diagnosing and monitoring these patients.
Reference Values
12 years: 0.7-19 ng/mL
45 years: <1.0 ng/mL
Menopausal women or women with premature ovarian failure of any cause, including after cancer chemotherapy, have very low antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels, often below the current assay detection limit of 0.25 ng/mL.
While the optimal AMH concentrations for predicting response to in vitro fertilization are still being established, it is accepted that AMH concentrations in the perimenopausal to menopausal range (0-0.6 ng/mL) indicate minimal to absent ovarian reserve. Depending on patient age, ovarian stimulation is likely to fail in such patients and most fertility specialists would recommend going the donor oocyte route. By contrast, if serum AMH concentrations exceed 3 ng/mL, hyper-response to ovarian stimulation may result. For these patients, a minimal stimulation would be recommended.
In patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome, AMH concentrations may be 2 to 5 fold higher than age-appropriate reference range values. Such high levels predict anovulatory and irregular cycles.
In children with intersex conditions, an AMH result above the normal female range is predictive of the presence of testicular tissue, while an undetectable value suggests its absence.
In boys with cryptorchidism, a measurable AMH concentration is predictive of undescended testes, while an undetectable value is highly suggestive of anorchia or functional failure of the abnormally sited gonad.
Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary may secrete AMH, inhibin A, and inhibin B. Elevated levels of any of these markers can indicate the presence of such a neoplasm in a woman with an ovarian mass. Levels should fall with successful treatment. Rising levels indicate tumor recurrence/progression.
Like all laboratory tests, antimullerian hormone (AMH) measurement alone is seldom sufficient for diagnosis and results should be interpreted in the light of clinical findings and other relevant test results, such as ovarian ultrasonography (in fertility applications, this would include an antral follicle count), abdominal or testicular ultrasound (intersex/testicular function applications) and measurements of sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, progesterone), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B (for fertility), and inhibin A and B (for tumor workup).
Elevated AMH is not specific for malignancy, and the assay should not be used exclusively to diagnose or exclude an AMH-secreting ovarian tumor.
This assay demonstrates no cross reactivity with transforming growth factor beta-1, activin A, inhibin A or B, luteinizing hormone alpha or beta, FSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone, or insulin-like growth factor-1. However, although unlikely, there might be cytokines that have not been evaluated for cross reactivity that do cross react, resulting in false-elevations.
As with other immunoassays, the AMH assay can be susceptible to false-low results at extremely high analyte concentrations (hooking effect) or in the hypothetical scenario of the presence of anti-AMH autoantibodies in a patient serum specimen.
Heterophilic antibody interferences that are not blocked by the assay's blocking regents may also rarely occur, causing typically false-high results. If test results are incongruent with the clinical picture, the laboratory should be contacted.
Ultimo aggiornamento 2013-04-16
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How Hummingbirds Taste Nectar
August 21, 2014|
Hummingbirds perceive sweetness through a receptor with which other vertebrates taste savory foods.
August 21, 2014|
Hummingbirds perceive sweetness through a receptor with which other vertebrates taste savory foods.
August 7, 2014|
Early neurons reprogrammed from human skin cells show unprecedented axonal growth in a rat model of spinal cord injury.
July 31, 2014|
An improved tissue-clearing technique makes whole animals transparent.
July 3, 2014|
Scientists show how cell stress both prevents and promotes cell suicide in a study that's equally divisive.
May 22, 2014|
Eliminating a pain receptor makes mice live longer and keeps their metabolisms young.
May 15, 2014|
Researchers uncover a self-recognition mechanism that prevents octopus limbs from becoming entangled, despite their powerful suction.
May 11, 2014|
Changing neural activity in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain can cause a sleeper to become aware of her dreaming state, a study shows.
May 8, 2014|
Running causes rodents to forget their fears in part because of increased hippocampal neurogenesis, a study shows.
May 7, 2014|
Once considered neurotransmission-related noise, scientists now show that the spontaneous release of presynaptic vesicles is imperative for the maturation of Drosophila synapses.
April 30, 2014|
Researchers report the first evidence of cryopreservation by an overwintering insect in which stores of an uncommon lipid are critical.


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Welcome to The Episcopal Church on West Kauai
We are one congregation with two worship spaces, St. John's in Ele'ele and
St. Paul's in Kekaha. Both churches, erected in the early 1940's to serve sugar plantation workers, continue to serve the local West Kauai community while warmly welcoming guests on the island of Kauai. It is our mission to welcome all people to join us in knowing Christ and spreading his Good News of hope through worship, education, fellowship and community outreach. Please join us for Sunday worship!
Upcoming Events:
Fr. Jerry Shigaki Returns to ECWK
• Sunday November 23, 2014
Men's Fellowship Breakfast
• Saturday November 22 2014 • McDonald's in Ele'ele 9:00 - 10:00 AM
• McDonald's in Ele'ele 9:00 - 10:00 AM


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Release Date: 09/09/2014 |
Album Rating: 4.7 | Sound OffVideos:
Waiting Game: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaI5JCxOCdw
This Is What It Feels Like: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4W4uNZfAOg
Brain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NL9T42SVnN0
Digging: Hyperdub - Hyperdub 10.4
gonna peep this tonite
Album Rating: 3.5good review. dig this and liked it even more on the second go round
heard about the phone number thing on Channel V. that seems a little impractical?
Album Rating: 3.5Someone New is one of my favorites, but it does feel like a strange change of style when you first hear it. Will continue to jam this and see if it develops
Digging: Polvo - Today's Active Lifestyles
Album Rating: 3.5i felt the same first hearing it but think it works well now. as someone, maybe you, said in the other thread it shows that she could make things work in the stripped back singer-songwriter vibe. which is good. and it's more of an instrumentation shift than entire style.
not as keen on the closer yet. could stand to trim a track or two but I gotta listen again.
Album Rating: 4.0so that's what it takes to bring you back
Will Bevan will enjoy the company
Digging: ENA - Binaural
Album Rating: 3.5always trying to calculate / trying to look smart
but not to smart to threaten everything they say
it's been a while, jeez.
hearing some good things about this one so I'll spin
Digging: Some Some Unicorn - Some Some Unicorn and The Golden Periphery
Album Rating: 4.0I just realized this is your FIRST REVIEW THIS YEAR
Good to have you back, champ.
Digging: Portishead - Dummy
Album Rating: 3.5the Stick to Drowning stretch is a bit boring, i feel like i'm just being transported to Begging For
Thread. Don't get me wrong, the songs are good, but i just don't feel her lyrics in the same way as i
do on Brain, You Should Know Where I'm Coming From and Someone New. Which is a shame. Also, i would've
cut two of the songs, preferably Stick and Warm Water.
Album Rating: 4.5review and album both absolutely fucking rule
Digging: The Smith Street Band - Throw Me In The River
Obligatory 'will check this out' comment. Can't wait. It's rare for you to get excited about much :P
This is very bland, unlike the review.
Album Rating: 3.5I know you're always busy moderating but I think you really need to review more, this is fucking fantastical. Your review of James Blake's s/t is still my fav sputnik review
Digging: First Aid Kit - Stay Gold
Awesome, gonna listen today.
Album Rating: 4.0excellent review, album is amazing, get hyped
Digging: Waxahatchee - Cerulean Salt
Wow a Dev review and one he actually likes too. Will check
Digging: The Visit - Between Worlds
Wonderful words on what must be an equally wonderful album. Nice to see you writing again, man.
why banks and not techno : (
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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hey, just looking at buying the clubWRX.net car sticker was just woundering what the size of it is? thankyou
It's awesome to see the Coloradoans start coming back to ClubWRX
Dirty injectors?
need help with 2.5 outback, with power loss.
has new
spark plugs
fuel pump
head gasket job
valve hidraulics.
and still the car dies, hesitates to run and sometimes stop. but sometimes works very good. please help.
I can not submit any pole answers either, i get the same error as PRE- Enrich
IP's match. This isn't my first rodeo.
<-- justinfigle btw.. i can keep making accounts wont hurt me... what i wanna know... i wasnt talkin junk in that thread that dumbass was... and i get banned?? and the email said i used an alternate ID???? WTF?? when?? id like to know... this is the only other one i made and that was so i could message you cause apparently even though its internet and people are gonna talk **** anyways... and i wasnt i get banned?? GREAT JOB ADMINS!!!!!
Yeah, it wasn't nothing but a fistfight at that point, and of no value to anyone else on the forum.
Thanks for locking that thread.... hadn't made it on in a couple days
I suppose it's better than being Mr.
Registered User
Resident meany-rator
Lando Calrissian


text:
Our repairs are covered by the Kingspan total warranty
We have been carrying out remedial repairs on Kingspan Insulated Panels for many years now, CJ Coatings currently work with and repair panels for Kingspan directly. Any remedial works that are carried out on Kingspan panels by CJ Coatings will not effect any Kingspan Total Guarantee, this gives our clients and the end client great confidence when choosing CJ Coatings.
Click here to view our Kingspan guarantee.


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Office 365
Microsoft Office at Wellesley College
Students can use a college-owned computer in a computing lab or classroom, or you can get MS Office 365 Pro Plus:
- full computer installation of Office 2011 for OS X or Office 2013 for Windows
- one-year subscription for Office 365 Online using a new wellesley.onmicrosoft.com account
- full access to mobile apps
- full access to Office via web browser
Faculty and Staff have a few options available to them for their personal computers.
- There is the free A2 option
- includes free Office 365 online now
- until December 2014: not the mobile apps, and not the full software install
- The work from home option has a minimal cost and gives you the right to install Office on one home computer
College-owned computers are fully licensed for either Office 2011 for Mac OS X, or Office 2010 for Windows.
How to get a copy of Office for your personally-owned device:
Students, faculty and staff can get their copy of Microsoft Office for personally-owned equipment on our online store by logging in to MyWellesley and clicking on Software Store:
- entering students: look in your Entering Students tab under Useful Links
- current students: look in your Students tab under Administrivia
- current faculty and staff: look in your Employment Services tab under Administrivia
See Microsoft's "getting started" information for Office Online.
Tip: for Office 365 password resets, please call 1-888-396-1447 (6am-6pm EST) or email email@example.com. This password is not tied to your Wellesley College accounts directly.
For more details, please contact the Computing Help Desk.


text:
A Photo of Leticia Cline Nudeby Mischalova at . Comments
Leticia Cline has posed in Playboy.
So a naked picture of this former TNA Wrestling star is about as rare as a Britney Spears driving violation. Still, that doesn't make it any less attractive, does it, guys?
How pathetic. She wants attention by stripping off her clothing. How novel. (eye roll) She looks like typical dime a dozen blonde bimbo. She is ridiculous and cheap.
leticia cline is american goddess, people should know this all over the world. goddammit
america wants more leticia cline god-dammit


text:
Learn more about the five boroughs that make up New York City with our complete guide.
Discover what to do, where to stay and what to see in New York City with our planning tool.
NYC is the place for inquisitive minds looking for new things to see, hear, taste and learn.
Enjoy The Nutcracker, the Times Square New Year's Eve Ball Drop, the Orchid Show and more.
Download your free copy or order a guide online today.
Wireless Internet is available at locations throughout NYC—including many parks and libraries.
Get tips, maps and everything else you'll need during your stay.
These NYC-centric mobile apps put the City at your fingertips.
Get the best prices at NYC's bars, clubs and restaurants.
Special dining offers, exclusively on Sunday.
Hotel deals to make you fall for NYC.
New York City is made up of five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. Each one has enough attractions—and enough personality—to be a city all its own. Learn more about them with this guide.
Tennis fans, you probably interacted with Amerivents talent at the US Open. Political types may even recognize the company's name from the Democratic National Convention in Denver. The New York-based brainchild of James Della Pace and Scott Frain is nothing if not flexible. The Amerivents staff has waited tables at parties, greeted attendees of trade shows, demonstrated new products and more.


text:
Checked Shirt from Soie - Size 10/12
Green based check in cotton or cotton blend 2 pocket Long sleeves with buttoned cuffs Label size 155? 46cm across chest 33m side seam 61cm from centre back of neck to bottom hem 42cm sleeve seam Good condition C2048
The seller: In Stitches (624)
Member since: January 2009
Location: Horowhenua, Manawatu / Wanganui
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DagonBytes, submitted by Dr. Professor Mittons. Please be advised, this site is awfully scary! I kid you not – this site is run by a real vampire! When you load this site up you're treated to the most haunting flash interface ever! Be sure to click the hat, it's full of surprises destined to not just send chills down your spine, but also make your spine actually wet itself. As if that's not scary enough, he has a state-by-state listing of graveyards!
The site's most important feature, I feel, is this hilarious image that conveys just how big a loser Mr. Dagon is.
You'll find the usual bad art, and bad music, and so on. But most importantly, you'll fine that our vampire friend is a dirty furry.
Now that is scary.
You Will Read This Headline. Then You'll Laugh. Then You'll Realize You Were Wrong All Along.
'We're going to be in trouble!' Little Sister wailed, clutching her favorite book to her chest and sobbing. 'This isn't fun like a story anymore!' But Big Sister was not listening, she was thinking. She grabbed Little Sister's book from her and ran into town, yelling 'Help! A book made me and my sister hurt someone!'
Val Kilmer lures 6 morons into the ultimate death schvitz to prove global warming is real.
The Goons have already started their preparations, because that pitch isn't going to carpet itself!
When it comes to gaming laptops, you can never have too many LEDs or too much bad taste.
Awful Links of the Day spotlights the worst and weirdest websites on the internet. And we're not talking "weird" in a good way either.
Copyright ©2014 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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I posted this in heating and a/c but that was wrong so I think thiss may be the right forum....I have an old wall rectangle bathroom exhaust fan that I need to replace. The bathroom has melamine walls so I can not use a different size and leave a hole as I could not match it up. It is not a large bathroom and it looks like the fan is only on the bottom of the rectangle. The approximate size of the the outside of the fan (around the grille) is 11x9. Does anyone know where I could get a fan to fit those dimensions. It seems everything is square or round now and I think an 11" square would be too much for the bathroom.
Someone somewhere must sell older models of fans. I just can't find them. Thank you.
- Forum >
- Electrical & Lighting >
- Rectangle bathroom wall exhaust fan
- 15 Old House Features We Shouldn't Abandon
- 17 Tiny Bathrooms We Love
- 30 Things Everyone Should Know
- 25 Insanely Easy-to-Make Holiday Ornaments
- 20 Easy 60-Minute Home Improvements
- 10 Classic Ways to Brighten Up a Dark Room
- 10 Quick and Creative Stocking Stuffers
- 133 Smart Storage Ideas for the Whole House
- 7 Unauthorized Uses for Common Appliances
- 8 Ways to Make a Small Room Look Big
- Best Secret Hiding Spots We've Ever Seen
- Sweet Dreams: 15 Inventive Beds You Can Make Yourself
- 11 Ways to Winterize Your Home
- Laundry Room Ideas to Knock Your Socks Off
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- 8 Cheap and Unique DIY Nightstands
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- Supersize Your Small Bath with 8 Pro Tips
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- Woodworking for Beginners: 10 Projects
- 10 Houseplants You Can Grow ANYWHERE
- 10 Doable Designs for a DIY Rug
- 7 Incredible Uses for Salvaged Lumber
- 10 Bookcases You Can Make Yourself
- 7 Mistakes Not to Make with Your Fireplace
- The Easy 1-Hour Money-Saving Home Checkup
- Quick Fixes for a Fresher Shower
- Don't Try This at Home: 7 Dangerous DIYs
- 10 Ways to Redecorate Without Spending a Dime
- The Top 10 Artificial Christmas Trees


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Light Up Night back to Homepage
Sewickley Light Up Night plans are underway!
Join us for some family friendly fun on Friday, December 5th from 5:00-9:00pm in Sewickley.
We will have entertainment on a large stage and small stage along with fireworks, free horse drawn carriage rides, a live reindeer, ice carving and lots of food vendors. Bring the family for entertainment, food and shopping.
Parking is free after 5:00pm and all weekend throughout the holidays.


text:
In order to achieve maximum benefit from this seminar, it is suggested that all doctors, practice managers, receptionists, technicians, and assistants attend the meeting. Those attending will return from this seminar with a unified goal, motivated to enhance your practice's teamwork and productivity.
Find out what our clients are saying about this course!
Getting Started
Click here to Register Online
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Click Here for upcoming seminar dates and locations
It's What's Up Front That Counts And More! seminar will be presented at the following locations.
If you don't see your city listed or you have a location suggestion, Email Us.
Click here to view full brochure online.
San Francisco, CA
November 2
San Francisco Airport Waterfront Marriott
1800 Old Bayshore Highway
Burlingame, CA 94010
(650) 692-9100
Charleston, SC
November 16
Embassay Suites Charleston Historic District
337 Meeting Street
Charleston, SC 29403
(843) 723-6900
Chicago, IL
December 14
Chicago Marriott Oakbrook
1401 West 22nd Street
Oak Brook, IL 60523
(630) 573-8555


text:
Gwynedd council said it will be carrying out a review of the incident to see if any lessons can be learned
Tests conducted underground in the Dolgellau Gold Belt have returned 'significant results' according to mining company
The seminar at looked at how Wales is equipped to tackle challenges in emergency care, including failing ambulance response times
Former soldier David Godfrey, 49, was jailed for 16 months at Mold Crown Court after being convicted of sexually assaulting two learner drivers
Steven Connor, 18, was locked up for 28 months for stealing from his neighbour
But our columnist won't let a little car sickness break the holiday spirit
Despite a Welsh Government advertising campaign, only a few families have come forward
Dolgellau took advantage of the inactivity of their fellow rivals and beat Conwy by six wickets
Police are appealing for witnesses to the crash which happened at the junction of the A470 and A494
Woman tells how her dreams of having a baby finally came true, thanks to a revolutionary treatment using egg yolk and soya bean oil
A man, named locally as Thomas Cato, suffered leg injuries after the incident and was airlifted to Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor by air ambulance
The man is believed to have suffered leg injuries after the incident which took place in North Wales
It's not often you see the Red Arrows training in Wales. Photographer Dave Savage was there to capture the action
A full list of all the schools in Gwynedd closed or partially closed because of today's teachers' strike organised by the NUT
A report for the Welsh Government has recommended simplifying the routes of the long-distance TrawsCymru buses
Anglers raise concerns about Natural Resources Wales' plan to close three of its salmon hatcheries
Come rain or shine, you can enjoy some Easter entertainment over the holidays with a mixture of indoor and outdoor events.
Commercial mining could re-start at the Clogau Gold mine in the Dolgellau Gold Belt
Emergency service bathroom callouts - which topped 1,000 in the UK - include Cardiff woman who became trapped between toilet and wall
Route linking north and south Wales could be lost in cost cutting measure with student leader saying travelling home would be 'bedlam'
For the latest local news straight to your Twitter, Facebook feed, e-mail inbox or tablet.
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Jin (Chinese surname)
|Family name
|Region of origin
|Language(s) of origin
|Related names
Jin is the Hanyu pinyin transliteration of a number of Chinese surnames. The most common one, Jin 金, literally means "gold" and is 29th[1] in the list of "Hundred Family Surnames". The name is also used in Vietnam, Cambodia, Korea (Koreans romanize the name as Kim or Jin) and in Hong Kong, where it is written in Cantonese as Kam. As of 2006, it is ranked the 64th most common Chinese surname.
The other, less common, surnames that are "Jin" in pinyin include Jin (晉/晋) and Jin (靳).
金 (Jin)[edit]
Jin is an ancient surname, dating back over 4,000 years. It was first mentioned during the period ruled by the Yellow Emperor, a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero, who is considered in Chinese mythology to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese. The legend behind the Jin surname is as follows:
The Yellow Emperor's son, Yi Zhi (Shaohao), eventually succeeded him. On the same day he was installed as leader, a golden phoenix flew down and perched on top of a house exactly opposite of where he sat. His followers reckoned it was an auspicious beginning. They decided to use gold as the emblem of their tribe. Yi Zhi was retitled Jin Tian Shi ("golden skies") by his people, and headed the Jin Tian Tribe. Their settlement was located in Qufu (presently Qufu city in Shandong province). Yi Zhi died in 2515 BCE. Some of his descendants adopted Jin as their surnames and left off the words Tian Shi ("skies").[2]
The surname also appeared in an area called Pengcheng (now known as Tong Shan Xian) during the Han Dynasty, from 206BCE to 220BCE.
Origin of Surname Jin (金)[edit]
- Jin Wang Sun(金王孫) was the first husband of Empress Wang Zhi during the Han Dynasty.
- Jin Mi Di (金日磾) was with the Xiongnu people during the Han Dynasty and received the surname Jin(金) from Han Wu Di. His father, Xiutu (休屠) was a general-feudal lord during the Xiongnu Dynasty. Jin Xuan (金旋) and Jin Yi (金禕) were some of his descendants.
- Qiang people use the surnames Jin (金), Chang (羌), Gong (功), and Ju-Goo (俱).
- Some of Qian Liu's (錢鏐) descendents received the surname Jin(金).[citation needed]
- Jin was among the surnames granted to the Kaifeng Jews by an unnamed Song Dynasty emperor.
- During the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese Liu (劉) clan received the surname Jin (金), Jin Fu Xiang (金覆祥).
- Mongolian Ye(也) clan got surname Jin (金) at Ming Dynasty
- Taiwanese aborigines received surname Jin (金), Zhang, amongst others, during the Qing Dynasty.
- Aisin Gioro clan got the surname Jin (金), as "Aisin" means "gold" in Manchu language, following the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
- Jin uses the same character as the Korean surname, "Kim". Kim is Korea's most common surname and is also widely found amongst the ethnic Koreans in China.[citation needed]
Notables with the surname 金[edit]
- Jin Midi (金日磾)
- Jin Shengtan (金聖嘆) (born Jin Renrui 金人瑞)
- Jin Yuelin (金岳霖)
- Jin Di (金迪)
- Jin Jing (金晶)
- Jin Fengling (金鳳玲)
- Jin Jingdao (金敬道)
- Jin Liqun (金立群)
- Jin Xing (金星)
- Jin Li (金力)
- Jin Renqing (金人慶)
- Jin Yubo (金煜博)
- Jin Zhiyang (金志扬)
- Elaine Jin (金燕玲)
- Ha Jin (born Jin Xuefei 金雪飛)
- Jin Yali (金娅黎)
- Gyim, Kim in Middle Chinese
- Gam, Kam in Cantonese
- Jin, Chin in Beijing dialect
- Kim, Ghim, Cam in Vietnam, Cambodia
- Gim, Kim in Korea
靳 (Jin)[edit]
According to legend, Jin (靳) family name originated from Zhu Rong. It was later a clan in the Chu (state). Originally the name was Jian-Jin (篯), but was later changed to Jian-Qian (錢) and Jin (靳).
Notables with the surname 靳[edit]
- Yue-Sai Kan (靳羽西)
晉 (Jin)[edit]
Jin (晉 family name originate from Tang Shu Yu (唐叔虞) the brother of King Wu of Zhou, he founded the state of Jin and his later descendants used the surname Jin (晉).
Notables with the surname 晉[edit]
- Jin Xiaomei (晉小梅)
- ^ Ronald Eng Young (1996–2009). "The Hundred Families Surnames". The Origin of Hundred Surnames (in English and Chinese). Ronald Eng Young. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
- ^ CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (13 September 1996). soc.culture.china "Chinese surname No.29 Jin (gold)". Google groups - soc.culture.china. Google. Retrieved 10 June 2012.


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Official Response: Drop Rate of Legendary Precursors
Posted 14 October 2012 - 07:11 AM
youve obviously never played maplestory
Posted 14 October 2012 - 08:17 AM
to all the people who are upset over RNG
youve obviously never played maplestory
Just because there is worse doesn't mean bad is acceptable.
Posted 15 October 2012 - 12:41 AM
Wealthy people manipulating the TP is another story and should be looked into.
Posted 15 October 2012 - 12:50 AM
Keep legendaries hard to obtain. They're supposed to be extremely difficult to get otherwise they wouldn't be legendary would they.
Wealthy people manipulating the TP is another story and should be looked into.
However, there's other ways of making things difficult to obtain without RNG.
Posted 21 October 2012 - 01:03 PM
LOCOMOFO, on 15 October 2012 - 12:41 AM, said:
Wealthy people manipulating the TP is another story and should be looked into.
What about the RNG do you think is legendary? It's not like anyone would ever be considered a great achiever for winning the lottery.
Posted 21 October 2012 - 02:06 PM
Posted 21 October 2012 - 03:23 PM
Right before prices went way up, 50 gold cost about 200 US dollars. You might be able to get more gold/gem now, but the conversion still isn't pretty. I shudder to think how much money folks are paying Arenanet JUST to get a precurser (not even the legendary itself) if they cost upwards of 300g. Don't even want to think what players will do if the prices go to 500g or 1,000g.
Either way, getting enough gold via disposable income? Well you must have some SERIOUS disposable income. Just seems wrong to spend thousands of real life money on a virtual precursor item. Use that kind of cash to buy a car or make a down payment on a house.
You know what's even funnier about this? Once you hit a certain dollar amount, you can no longer purchase gems on your account (I found this limit to be $500 for me, others may vary) I didn't even convert but maybe 1500 gems to gold... I used mine for dye kits and other assorted thingies, but I digress; once you reach that limit, anytime you wish to purchase gems with any payment method, you have to contact support, wait a few days, and then they give you a 24-48 hour window to purchase. If you fail to purchase during that time, your account is reflagged as suspicious and you cannot buy gems using any payment medium.
Now, this is true insanity. You've spent a lot of your own disposable income on the gem store... never had a payment fraud issue, have an authenticator secured account (at least I do), have a PayPal in perfect standing, have a debit card that is over 6 months old and a credit card over 3 years old, both of which have never had fraudulent purchases... and yet, NCSoft flags your account for potential fraud and restricts gem purchases. It baffles my mind... so I stopped using the gem store at this point, because I don't have the time or patience to plan my gem purchases in advance... they are supposed to be random or as needed.
So, the real money to gold idea is out too, because ANET/NCSoft will not allow you to spend the amount of money it would take to even accomplish that. Get to grinding folks!
Posted 21 October 2012 - 08:48 PM
Posted 21 October 2012 - 10:40 PM
You don't think the non-RNG stuff (basically everything except for the precursor from the mystic forge) require enough work on their own?
What about the RNG do you think is legendary? It's not like anyone would ever be considered a great achiever for winning the lottery.
It honestly doesn't bother me. That could be because I have no interest in obtaining a legendary anytime soon I will admit. Maybe way down the track when I've already accumulated most of the ingredients naturally, I'll make an effort.
But I'd prefer the method to stay as is. It's just a skin and while it may look cool, it doesn't give you any stat advantage. So really at the moment it's just a gold sink for people with extreme wealth to blow their money on. Given that you need to put so much effort into obtaining it, not many people will attempt it, thus leaving them kinda rare. Just about everyone is already running around with exotics now, I'd hate to see the same with something that's considered legendary. i prefer to only see them occasionally, so they keep that little bit of awe when you do see someone wielding one.
The RNG aspect is just another hurdle you have to overcome to get your hands on the [b]rarest[/b] items in the game. Keep them rare IMO.
Posted 22 October 2012 - 07:55 AM
Dear Anet, by not doing anything about precursors you pretty much SUPPORT outside gold selling yourself. You REALLY need to do something about pre-cursors, I'd say unless it's your initial idea to feed asian (or whatever) farmers, you should start selling account bound pre-cursors for about 500k karma.
To everyone who says that legendary should be hard to obtain: Then take leggys from those who already crafted them/bought Dusk cheap because they managed to do it long before price reached 350-400g.
Edited by TheVice, 22 October 2012 - 07:57 AM.
Posted 22 October 2012 - 08:14 AM
To everyone who says that legendary should be hard to obtain: Then take leggys from those who already crafted them/bought Dusk cheap because they managed to do it long before price reached 350-400g.
it's called playing smart and anticipating market changes. Why should they be punished for that? I bought like 10 stacks of mystic coins before the price jumped since I know someday people will realise that it's the one thing that cannot really be farmed. And now the price has jumped. I offloaded quite a few back when the price went to over 5s each.
Posted 22 October 2012 - 12:16 PM
Waar Kijk Je Naar, on 21 October 2012 - 02:06 PM, said:
The precursor is the main bottle neck of the current batch of legendary chasers. Over half the player base won;t attempt legendaries because of their prerequisite. Of the half that remain, a significant chunk will abandon the process as it needs over 500g. Now for the remaining people the main limiting factor will be the precursor. If it was easily obtainable then given time, around 10-20% of the player base will get them. By making one item extremely hard to get, RNG effectively reduces the number by 90%+.
If AN want legendaries to keep that status then pre cursors have to remain extremely difficult to obtain - having a guaranteed way is never 'extremely' difficult It will always have a set time amount and people can plan for it. The reason many games keep the rarest weapons rare is through RNG. I feel for those who missed the cheap pre cursor boat but if you truly want a legendary then stick at it, it was never meant to be a 1-2 month thing.
TheVice, on 22 October 2012 - 07:55 AM, said:
Dear Anet, by not doing anything about precursors you pretty much SUPPORT outside gold selling yourself. You REALLY need to do something about pre-cursors, I'd say unless it's your initial idea to feed asian (or whatever) farmers, you should start selling account bound pre-cursors for about 500k karma.
To everyone who says that legendary should be hard to obtain: Then take leggys from those who already crafted them/bought Dusk cheap because they managed to do it long before price reached 350-400g.
If you cannot farm more than 62g/ play the TP for more, then you haven;t realised that the other components for the weapon will take you well over 500g for most. It was not meant to be an item you get now but take several months as AN have not got much of a PvE endgame. 62g is a lot more than most and if you keep at it you'll get there.
I am working my way towards my legendary and I haven;t bought and gold, farmed every bit of it/ played the TP. I bought my precursor off the TP too. Its entirely possible to get gold if you work for it. Good luck and don;t stop trying, if you want it bad enough you'll get it - I'd avoid the MF though, lost 50-100g trying for mine.
Posted 23 October 2012 - 01:24 PM
tallanx, on 22 October 2012 - 08:14 AM, said:
Then I'm sure they can perfectly "play smart" and buy pre-requisite for 400g like the rest of us!
Posted 23 October 2012 - 02:30 PM
TheVice, on 23 October 2012 - 01:24 PM, said:
wth? your post doesn't make any sense whatsoever
Posted 24 October 2012 - 08:11 AM
tallanx, on 23 October 2012 - 02:30 PM, said:
and yours does? "legendary should be hard to obtain so high price is ok and nvm those few who managed to get it very cheap and easy in first month, it's perfectly fine too". Whatever. Feeling like talking to a wall here.
Posted 25 October 2012 - 02:57 AM
TheVice, on 24 October 2012 - 08:11 AM, said:
they didn't get it cheap. Back then it was also expensive relative to what people had. I'm the one who feels like I'm talking to a wall because you don't seem to understand how an economy works at all. The price of goods will go UP as demand increases and as people obtain more gold and inflation starts to kick in.
Your complaint can be summarised as "Person A is better than me and works harder than me and has a better family than me. Therefore the government should burn Person A's house to the ground, destroy his/her business and kill all his/her family. That way I will be on the same level as Person A."
I'll use a real world example for you: Did you know that 20 years ago people were buying houses for like 1/5th the current price of houses? The government should totally burn those people's houses. Shame on them for working hard and buying their own house early before the prices went up.
Edited by tallanx, 25 October 2012 - 03:03 AM.
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Catalogue Of Flowers Vol. 1
around for years in my house a couple of Dutch catalogs of flower seeds, filled with images of flowers of all kinds, colorful, hyper saturated, a real treat for the eyes as well as a great incentive to the purchase of these seeds. This album wants to be an homage to those catalogs.Taken by superlighter with a Ricoh KR-10M loaded with Kodak Gold 200 (35mm) film in osimo, Italy. These tags describe this photo: beauty, love, nature, colors, flowers, and botanica. Date: 1993. This photo can also be found in the album Catalog Of Flowers Vol. I.
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Bondage/dominance/sadomasochism (BDSM) erotica novel Fifty Shades Of Grey has swept the nation, landing itself on many a Kindle and launching a feeding frenzy for the movie rights. More digital ink has been spilled on What Does This All Mean? for women and our sexual desires than will ever be spilled on the people killed by [...]
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1) I had to look up BDSM (it's bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, as well as sadomasochism), the 2) BDSM movie in question is E.L. James' Fifty Shades of Gray, which is obviously trashy literature (but very popular among peop... Read Post
In Newsweek, Katie Roiphe has dissected the emergence of "submission" in our cultural landscape, specifically via novel "Fifty Shades of Grey," as perhaps indicating that equality is something women only want sometimes. But the two ... Read Post
A third trailer for the forthcoming Fifty Shades of Grey movie has been released, offering fans another taste of the passion of Christian Grey and Ana Steele. Like the previous, full-length Fifty Shades of Grey trailer released earl... Read Post


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The World AIDS Day emerged from the World Conference of Ministers of Health on Programmes for AIDS Prevention, held in London in January 1988, in which delegates from over 140 nations unanimously declared 1988 as a year of communication about AIDS.
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In recent years , thanks to World AIDS Day , the access to diagnosis, proper use of condoms and information about the routes of transmission, preventive measures for HIV have been promoted. These themes are international strategies that establish the need to look at individual behavior change and also locates it as vulnerable to the epidemic, to take effective actions and decisions to prevent transmission.
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Sexual transmission: Sexual intercourse can transmit HIV, whether homosexual or heterosexual. Perinatal Transmission: A female carrier of HIV can transmit the infection to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.
directors of our defense system. HIV initially remains "asleep" within lymphocytes. In some cases, after a time, often years
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TNTStudios wrote: Give me a shot. Please
Nothing yet, I'm afraid! Having said that, I liked this shot - http://www.modelmayhem.com/portfolio/pic/29996049 it's got character. I'd like to see you tell more of a story with you shots - why is she standing there? Why is her pose so strong? Who is she?
I'd also like to see some non-destructive skin retouching. The group girl shot is fun and full of life but it loses impact with blurred skin. Keep going!
DEREX Art wrote: Welcome in. Enjoy.
I can't work out if I love your work or hate it! I'd like to put your topless painting (first page, white skirt) into a list but don't seem to be able to. You certainly know what you are doing and have a distinctive style, and that particular image is beautiful - it puts me in mind of exotic scents and humidity. Whatever you are doing, it works for you - art should provoke a reaction
Paige Thomley wrote: Try me.
I have listed one of your images - I think your port is still on the 'up' though - there is so much more in you that you haven't explored yet. One to watch, I think.
Timothy Bell wrote: I'll probably be wasting your time, but have a go.
It's never a waste of time
This shot is good- http://www.modelmayhem.com/portfolio/pic/33197371
It's natural and relaxed, the model looks engaging and genuine.
Much of the rest of your port is suffering from not-again-itis, a disease that is rife on mm. In other words, we've all seen it so many times before, it doesn't matter how well you do it, it's never going to 'wow'. I'd like to see you go back to where you were when you got the shot I mentioned and work forwards - shoot from the heart
Evie_Wolfe wrote: I have listed one of your images - I think your port is still on the 'up' though - there is so much more in you that you haven't explored yet. One to watch, I think.
Thanks darling! I am trying to work with photographers who prefer me to emote instead of just standing there looking pretty. They are harder to find than you'd think!
Jorge Kreimer wrote: Ok!
I have been blind, and never knew it - the light is blinding.
You already know how good you are - get in my list!
Paige Thomley wrote: Thanks darling! I am trying to work with photographers who prefer me to emote instead of just standing there looking pretty. They are harder to find than you'd think!
Don't I know it! Keep going though- it will be so worth it
Saedcantas wrote: I'll play
Listed - very beautiful, exquisite face. I'd like to see a shot of you in those incredible contortions you do where we can see you emote - they really are amazing
TDSImages wrote: Me next?
This is a bit mean. If you are easily offended, skip
This shot is incredible - http://www.modelmayhem.com/portfolio/pic/31920839
As is the one with the bodypainting, and several more. I've listed one of them, but I don't feel like I can put you in the 'greatest' list - not because the quality of your best shots isn't up there, but because I get the feeling you've really half-arsed it with a couple of shots in there.
There are photographers on this site who would kill for your eye, your models, your creations, and you are doing them and yourself a disservice by not pushing yourself as hard as you can. Go out, shoot until your fingers bleed and when you come home, be utterly brutal with your portfolio.
You are already great. Now go be awesome.
L Raye wrote: I wonder . . .
Listed, but not greatest - you can do better. There are some flashes of brilliance in your port and I won't be satisfied until you're blinding us with them.
Shoot with Paige. You two would make beautiful images together.
M E L U X I N E wrote: ???
Oh jeez - you're so beautiful you make my teeth ache. I could have a whole list of just you. Are you married? I think I love you
Terrell Gates wrote: Love to know...
It's difficult to tell with you. Your port is massive and all very similar - I can't tell what is style and what is an inability to break the mold. If you cut back your port by about half, I'd have a better chance of making sense of it.
Nicki Micki wrote: tell me what you think
Hmm. Not there yet, but lots of potential. This I like - http://www.modelmayhem.com/portfolio/pic/33165245
I'd like to see more expression from you, some more impassioned posing
allison mindy wrote: Please have a look
Yes, always and obviously! No idea why you weren't already on there. You're definitely in the top percentile here
Erica-rose wrote: Any thing yet?
I have listed you, but I don't think you are giving it your all yet. Your port is solid but not very varied and I want to see that gorgeous face of yours in something avant garde and spectacular.
Evie_Wolfe wrote: Yes, always and obviously! No idea why you weren't already on there. You're definitely in the top percentile here
Aw thanks
Mark Callen Photography wrote: *I'm hoping you will find something you like!
Have a great weekend...
Hi mark!
Still a while to go my friend, I don't really get where you are going to or coming from in your portfolio - some of it is very post-work oriented, some of it quite minimalist - where are you taking your work?
Cherrystone wrote: Pray tell...
Your work is technically beautiful, and a real breath of fresh air on a site with many a humdrum nude. However, I'm not going to list you yet. I think you can do better - once or twice, your images really told a story, and it really engaged me! But once I saw you could do that, I wanted them all to be as powerful.
NicoleNudes wrote: I'm hoping I have something in mine
You are already listed in there!
-fpc- wrote: Im thinking no, but whatever...
give me a look
Not yet. This has something - http://www.modelmayhem.com/portfolio/pic/32895570
Your models are spectacular, and you have flashes of beauty in your port. Weed out the weak stuff!


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Hey all, some great news on the asian tokyo gore titles that were created under the typhoon sushi studio. We've been hearing about these for months, so of course we are more than anxious for their arrival. The latest PR below means sooner than later. Stay tuned as we have a special article coming tomorrow on the Tokyo Gore genre! WELL GO USA ACQUIRES NORTH AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS TO FIVE FILMS FROM THE SUSHI TYPHOON … Continue reading
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Can you use this in the Apple 5s Dock, or does the case have to come off?
- Asked by Lucas J from Anchorage
- Feb 6, 2014
Lifeproof nüüd case for iPhone 5/5s
Product No Longer Available
1 Answer from the Community
No it will not fit in the dock or in any adapters that don't have a cable extension on the Lightning end. The connection is about .75cm deeper so unless you have an old dock and can use a 30pin to lightning cable adapter you are out of luck, since I don't see a Lightning to Lightning extension cable in the Store.
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- Feb 18, 2014


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Plastic surgeon Billy Ringer has been sued ten times for malpractice. He's on probation for sexual misconduct. He sewed a needle into Colleen Guidy. But he's still in business -- cutting, vacuuming, rearranging and, it seems, injuring patients.
According to the state bar, attorney privilege apparently extends beyond clients' briefs
Once burdened by debt and internal politics, a rejuvenated Texas ACLU is back mixing it up with those who dare to trample on the U. S. Constitution.
After seven years and several lawsuits, John Shike goes to jail for tormenting his ex
A judge says Karen Shrader can't see or talk to her children because she's a bad influence. Shrader says any bad influence comes from the application of her ex-husband's deep pockets to the East Texas legal system.
"Unschoolers" like Holly Furgason don't believe in public education. They don't even believe in teachers. They believe in the ability of their children to teach themselves. Will the law catch up with them?
The Talented Mr. Stockman. A defeated politician resurrects himself in Seventh District heaven with a stash of campaign cash
The city of Houston is exploiting loopholes in state law to lavish big bucks on private developers
Karl Rove has masterminded all of Bush's political victories. Now he faces his toughest challenge: convincing you that the presidential front-runner owns his own soul.
Sylvester Turner, Wayne Dolcefino and the story that changed everything
Murphy's law reigns
Will a less-than-Frank Reyes cloud O'Quinn's win?
During the Branch Davidian siege, a Waco TV reporter risked his life to help federal agents -- then was falsely accused of setting them up. Before the compound burned, his career was in ashes.
Devine converts plaintiffs' lawyers' cash into a courtroom gallery
Log Cabin Republicans want to be part of the GOP, which wants no part of them
Contractors say the mayor isn't telling the truth about affirmative action
State Comptroller John Sharp has suggested that HISD needs to fire more incompetent teachers. But as the case of Beverly Goodie shows, it's not that simple. Just how do you tell who's incompetent? And what happens when you try?
Attorney John O'quinn says his big-business enemies are out to do him in. But the real source of his troubles may be closer to home.
In 1992, Harris County changed the way it cares for those who can't manage their own lives. Four and a half years later, social workers are swamped, and people like Miss Natalie suffer.
That's what the bar poll said about Betty Brock Bell. Betty Brock Bell says the poll was rigged.
It began in the Panhandle with the promise of great riches, only to crash and burn in a Houston courtroom. The wreckage is still smoldering, and the truth is nowhere to be found.
After years of making Mayor Bob presentable, Houston's First Lady is ready to get serious. Seriously.
Meet Smilin' Steve Mansfield, who washed up on the Court of Criminal Appeals
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To a world worried about waste, Houston may offer an answer -- or at least a place for the garbage to go


text:
Summer Flavor Cake Pop Class
Treat Cupcake Bar
Sunday, July 27, 2014 from 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM (EDT)
Needham, MA
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
Who ever thought of beating the heat by making cake pops? We did. Crumble and squish moist cupcake cakes and scrumptious frosting into a dozen impressive cake pops using our summer flavor recipes: orange creamsicle, pink lemonade, and ice cream sundae. Students will receive instruction from a skilled Treat cake pop expert and will have a dozen pops to take home upon completion of the class.
$75/student. Sign up in-store, over the phone at 781-444-4995, or online.
Class is appropriate for adults and teens. Younger children MUST be accompanied by a parent.
When & Where
Treat Cupcake Bar
1450 Highland Ave
Sunday, July 27, 2014 from 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM (EDT)
Add to my calendar
Treat Cupcake Bar
Treat is a unique cupcake concept shop where you can enjoy our cafe with freshly-made cupcakes, or make your own creation at our fun cupcake bar. Having a celebration? We host birthday parties and classes at our store, and cater special events such as showers, bar and bat mitzvahs, and weddings. We also offer delivery!


text:
Anthony Dike was the forfather of my family in America. He came over on the Anne from england in the 1600s and died in ashipwreck off the coast of Cape Cod, Mass in Dec of 1688.The family moved to Vermont then to Pa.This is where my family has stayed. Pam Dailey Penna. email@example.com
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SPH Art Prize 2014: The Final Few & The Chosen One
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