text:
"Table HC15.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Lighting Usage...
"Table HC10.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Mi...
"Table HC13.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total...
"Table HC11.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division"...
"Table HC12.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Midwest Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total...
"Table HC14.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West"...
"Table HC11.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,16.8,12.2,4.6 "1.",28.6,5,3.5,1.5 "2.",29.5,6.2,4.8,1.4 "3.",14.7,2.5,1.7,0.8 "4.",9.3,1.5,1.1,0.4 "5 or More",9.7,1.6,1.1,0.5 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,5.2,3.6,1.6
"Table HC13.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total South" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"South Atlantic","East South Central","West South Central" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,40.7,21.7,6.9,12.1 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,33.8,17.5,6.1,10.3 "1.",28.6,11.2,6.5,1.5,3.2 "2.",29.5,10.5,5.4,2,3.1 "3.",14.7,5,2.1,1.2,1.7 "4.",9.3,3.4,1.5,0.8,1.2 "5 or More",9.7,3.7,1.9,0.6,1.2
"Table HC14.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"Mountain","Pacific" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,24.2,7.6,16.6 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,19.5,6.1,13.4 "1.",28.6,6.1,1.7,4.4 "2.",29.5,6.3,1.8,4.5 "3.",14.7,3.1,1.1,2 "4.",9.3,1.9,0.6,1.3 "5 or More",9.7,2,0.8,1.2 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,8.6,2.3,6.3 "1.",14.6,3.6,1,2.6
"Table HC3.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit Zone, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit Zone, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit Zone, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,78.1,64.1,4.2,1.8,2.3,5.7 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,65,54.3,3.3,1.5,1.6,4.4 "1.",28.6,17.9,14,0.9,0.6,0.7,1.7
"Table HC15.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,5.5,5.5,6.7,9.5 "1.",28.6,1.8,2,2.3,2.8 "2.",29.5,2.3,1.9,2,3.4 "3.",14.7,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.4 "4.",9.3,0.4,"Q",0.8,1.1 "5 or More",9.7,0.4,0.4,0.8,0.9 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,1.7,1.7,2.1,4.7
"Table HC10.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" 3 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Lighting Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer" "Number of Lights Turned On" "Between 1 and 4 Hours per Day",91.8,16.8,21.7,33.8,19.5 "1.",28.6,5,6.3,11.2,6.1 "2.",29.5,6.2,6.5,10.5,6.3 "3.",14.7,2.5,4,5,3.1 "4.",9.3,1.5,2.5,3.4,1.9 "5 or More",9.7,1.6,2.4,3.7,2 "Energy-Efficient Bulbs Used",31.1,5.2,6.7,10.6,8.6
Table HC10.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Total U.S. Housing Units..... 111.1 20.6 25.6 40.7 24.2 Indoor Lights Turned On During Summer Number of Lights Turned On
Table HC6.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household...
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total... 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9...
Table HC6.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of...
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total... 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4...
Table HC2.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Type of Housing ...
Million U.S. Housing Units Table HC2.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, 2005 Housing Units (millions) Single-Family Units
Table HC5.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Year of ...
Million U.S. Housing Units 1950 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 Table HC5.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Year of Construction, 2005 Year of Construction
"Table HC7.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"2005 Household Income",,,,,"Below Poverty Line","Eligible for Federal Assistance1" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Less than $20,000","$20,000 to $39,999","$40,000 to $59,999","$60,000 to $79,999","$80,000 or More" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,26.7,28.8,20.6,13.1,22,16.6,38.6 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,2.9,2.5,1.3,0.5,1,2.4,4.6 "2 Times A Day",24.6,6.5,7,4.3,3.2,3.6,4.8,10.3 "Once a Day",42.3,8.8,9.8,8.7,5.1,10,5,12.9
"Table HC7.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"2005 Household Income",,,,,"Below Poverty Line","Eligible for Federal Assistance1" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Less than $20,000","$20,000 to $39,999","$40,000 to $59,999","$60,000 to $79,999","$80,000 or More" "Space Heating Usage Indicators" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,26.7,28.8,20.6,13.1,22,16.6,38.6 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.5,0.3,0.2,"Q",0.2,0.3,0.6 "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,26.2,28.5,20.4,13,21.8,16.3,37.9 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,25.9,28.1,20.3,12.9,21.8,16,37.3
"Table HC9.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Climate Zone1" ,,"Less than 2,000 CDD and --",,,,"2,000 CDD or More and Less than 4,000 HDD" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Greater than 7,000 HDD","5,500 to 7,000 HDD","4,000 to 5,499 HDD","Less than 4,000 HDD" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,10.9,26.1,27.3,24,22.8 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,3.2,8.3,8.9,7.7,7.5 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,7.8,17.8,18.4,16.3,15.3 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,6.2,14.3,14.2,12.1,11.9
High-Intensity Discharge Industrial Lighting Design Strategies for the Minimization of Energy Usage and Life-Cycle Cost.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
??Worldwide, the electrical energy consumed by artificial lighting is second only to the amount consumed by electric machinery. Of the energy usage attributed to lighting� (more)
Flory IV, Isaac L.
Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 Total.................................................................................... 111.1 7.1 7.0 8.0 12.1 Cooking Appliances Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked 3 or More Times A Day................................................. 8.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.4 2 Times A Day.............................................................. 24.6 1.4 1.5 2.0 3.1 Once a Day................................................................... 42.3 2.4 3.0 2.7 4.1 A Few Times Each Week.............................................. 27.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.5 About Once a Week...................................................... 3.9 0.3 Q 0.4 0.6 Less Than Once a Week............................................... 4.1 Q Q 0.3 0.4 No Hot Meals Cooked...................................................
Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 Total.................................................................................. 111.1 7.1 7.0 8.0 12.1 Do Not Have Cooling Equipment.................................... 17.8 1.8 Q Q 4.9 Have Cooling Equipment................................................. 93.3 5.3 7.0 7.8 7.2 Use Cooling Equipment.................................................. 91.4 5.3 7.0 7.7 6.6 Have Equipment But Do Not Use it................................ 1.9 Q N Q 0.6 Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment 1, 2 Central System............................................................. 65.9 1.1 6.4 6.4 5.4 Without a Heat Pump................................................. 53.5 1.1 3.5 5.7 4.9 With a Heat Pump......................................................
Table HC6.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total U.S. Housing Units.................................. 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9 12.0 Do Not Have Heating Equipment..................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 Q 0.2 0.2 Have Space Heating Equipment....................... 109.8 29.7 34.5 18.2 15.6 11.8 Use Space Heating Equipment........................ 109.1 29.5 34.4 18.1 15.5 11.6 Have But Do Not Use Equipment.................... 0.8 Q Q Q Q Q Space Heating Usage During 2005 Heated Floorspace (Square Feet) None............................................................ 3.6 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 1 to 499........................................................ 6.1 3.0 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 500 to 999.................................................... 27.7 11.6 8.3 3.6 2.7 1.6 1,000 to 1,499..............................................
Table HC6.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total................................................................................ 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9 12.0 Personal Computers Do Not Use a Personal Computer............................. 35.5 16.3 9.4 4.0 2.7 3.2 Use a Personal Computer.......................................... 75.6 13.8 25.4 14.4 13.2 8.8 Most-Used Personal Computer Type of PC Desk-top Model..................................................... 58.6 10.0 20.0 11.2 10.1 7.3 Laptop Model........................................................ 16.9 3.7 5.4 3.2 3.1 1.5 Hours Turned on Per Week Less than 2 Hours................................................. 13.6 4.0 4.7 1.7 1.8 1.4 2 to 15 Hours........................................................
Table HC6.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total........................................................................ 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9 12.0 Do Not Have Cooling Equipment.......................... 17.8 5.4 5.3 2.7 2.5 2.0 Have Cooling Equipment...................................... 93.3 24.6 29.6 15.7 13.4 10.0 Use Cooling Equipment....................................... 91.4 24.0 29.1 15.5 13.2 9.7 Have Equipment But Do Not Use it...................... 1.9 0.6 0.5 Q 0.2 0.4 Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment 1, 2 Central System................................................... 65.9 15.3 22.6 10.7 9.9 7.3 Without a Heat Pump....................................... 53.5 12.5 17.9 8.7 8.2 6.3 With a Heat Pump............................................ 12.3
"Table HC10.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","Q",0.7 "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,20.5,25.6,40.3,23.4 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,20.5,25.6,40.1,22.9 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","N","Q",0.6 "Space Heating Usage During 2005" "Heated Floorspace (Square Feet)"
"Table HC8.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Urban/Rural Location (as Self-Reported)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,"City","Town","Suburbs","Rural" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,47.1,19,22.7,22.3 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.7,"Q",0.2,"Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,46.3,18.9,22.5,22.1 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,45.6,18.8,22.5,22.1 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,0.7,"Q","N","N" "Space Heating Usage During 2005" "Heated Floorspace (Square Feet)"
"Table HC12.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Midwest Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Midwest" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"East North Central","West North Central" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","N" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","N","N" "Space Heating Usage During 2005"
"Table HC11.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,20.5,15.1,5.4 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,20.5,15.1,5.4 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","N","N" "Space Heating Usage During 2005"
"Table HC15.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,"Q","Q","Q",0.2 "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,7.1,6.8,7.9,11.9 "Use Space Heating Equipment",109.1,7.1,6.6,7.9,11.4 "Have But Do Not Use Equipment",0.8,"N","Q","N",0.5 "Space Heating Usage During 2005" "Heated Floorspace (Square Feet)"
Usage based indicators to assess the impact of scholarly works: architecture and method
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Although recording of usage data is common in scholarly information services, its exploitation for the creation of value-added services remains limited due to concerns regarding, among others, user privacy, data validity, and the lack of accepted standards for the representation, sharing and aggregation of usage data. A technical, standards-based architecture for sharing usage information is presented. In this architecture, OpenURL-compliant linking servers aggregate usage information of a specific user community as it navigates the distributed information environment that it has access to. This usage information is made OAI-PMH harvestable so that usage information exposed by many linking servers can be aggregated to facilitate the creation of value-added services with a reach beyond that of a single community or a single information service.
Bollen, Johan (Santa Fe, NM); Van De Sompel, Herbert (Santa Fe, NM)
"Table HC8.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Urban/Rural Location (as Self-Reported)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,"City","Town","Suburbs","Rural" "Total",111.1,47.1,19,22.7,22.3 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,16.9,6.5,4.6,7.6 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,30.3,12.5,18.1,14.7 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,22.9,9.8,14.1,11.9 "Laptop Model",16.9,7.4,2.7,4,2.9 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,5.7,1.8,2.9,3.2
"Table HC11.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,6.9,5.3,1.6 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,13.7,9.8,3.9 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,10.4,7.3,3.1 "Laptop Model",16.9,3.3,2.6,0.7 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,2.4,1.8,0.6
"Table HC11.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,4,2.4,1.7 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,16.5,12.8,3.8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,16.3,12.6,3.7 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,0.3,"Q","Q" "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2" "Central System",65.9,6,5.2,0.8 "Without a Heat Pump",53.5,5.5,4.8,0.7
"Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,1.8,"Q","Q",4.9 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,5.3,7,7.8,7.2 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,5.3,7,7.7,6.6 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,"Q","N","Q",0.6 "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2" "Central System",65.9,1.1,6.4,6.4,5.4
"Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,"New York","Florida","Texas","California" "Total",111.1,7.1,7,8,12.1 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,0.6,0.5,0.8,1.4 "2 Times A Day",24.6,1.4,1.5,2,3.1 "Once a Day",42.3,2.4,3,2.7,4.1 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,2.1,1.7,1.7,2.5 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.3,"Q",0.4,0.6 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,"Q","Q",0.3,0.4
"Table HC12.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Midwest Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Midwest" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,,"East North Central","West North Central" "Total",111.1,25.6,17.7,7.9 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,8.1,5.6,2.5 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,17.5,12.1,5.4 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,14.1,10,4 "Laptop Model",16.9,3.4,2.1,1.3 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,3.4,2.5,0.9
"Table HC10.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,4,2.1,1.4,10.3 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,16.5,23.5,39.3,13.9 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,16.3,23.4,38.9,12.9 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,0.3,"Q",0.5,1 "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2" "Central System",65.9,6,17.3,32.1,10.5 "Without a Heat Pump",53.5,5.5,16.2,23.2,8.7
"Table HC13.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total South" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"South Atlantic","East South Central","West South Central" "Total",111.1,40.7,21.7,6.9,12.1 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,3,1.6,0.3,1.1 "2 Times A Day",24.6,8.3,4.2,1.3,2.7 "Once a Day",42.3,15,8.1,2.7,4.2 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,10.9,6,1.8,3.1 "About Once a Week",3.9,1.6,0.7,0.4,0.5
"Table HC14.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005"
2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" 2 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West" "Home Electronics Usage Indicators",,,"Mountain","Pacific" "Total",111.1,24.2,7.6,16.6 "Personal Computers" "Do Not Use a Personal Computer",35.5,6.4,2.2,4.2 "Use a Personal Computer",75.6,17.8,5.3,12.5 "Most-Used Personal Computer" "Type of PC" "Desk-top Model",58.6,13.7,4.2,9.5 "Laptop Model",16.9,4.1,1.1,3 "Hours Turned on Per Week" "Less than 2 Hours",13.6,2.9,0.9,2 "2 to 15 Hours",29.1,6.6,2,4.6
"Table HC14.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total West" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"Mountain","Pacific" "Total",111.1,24.2,7.6,16.6 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,2.6,0.7,1.9 "2 Times A Day",24.6,6.6,2,4.6 "Once a Day",42.3,8.8,2.9,5.8 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,4.7,1.5,3.1 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.7,"Q",0.6 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,0.7,0.3,0.4 "No Hot Meals Cooked",0.9,0.2,"Q","Q"
"Table HC13.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total South" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,,"South Atlantic","East South Central","West South Central" "Total",111.1,40.7,21.7,6.9,12.1 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,1.4,0.8,0.2,0.3 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,39.3,20.9,6.7,11.8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,38.9,20.7,6.6,11.7 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,0.5,"Q","Q","Q" "Type of Air-Conditioning Equipment1, 2"
"Table HC4.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Renter-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Renter-Occupied Housing Unit" ," Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total",111.1,33,8,3.4,5.9,14.4,1.2 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,3.4,1,0.4,0.6,1.2,"Q" "2 Times A Day",24.6,8.6,2.3,1,1.6,3.5,0.2
"Table HC4.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Renter-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Renter-Occupied Housing Unit" ," Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,33,8,3.4,5.9,14.4,1.2 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.6,"Q","Q","Q",0.3,"Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,32.3,8,3.3,5.8,14.1,1.1
"Table HC3.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit" ," Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Space Heating Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total U.S. Housing Units",111.1,78.1,64.1,4.2,1.8,2.3,5.7 "Do Not Have Heating Equipment",1.2,0.6,0.3,"N","Q","Q","Q" "Have Space Heating Equipment",109.8,77.5,63.7,4.2,1.8,2.2,5.6
"Table HC3.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005"
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" 7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in Buildings With--" "Air Conditioning Usage Indicators",,,"Detached","Attached","2 to 4 Units","5 or More Units","Mobile Homes" "Total",111.1,78.1,64.1,4.2,1.8,2.3,5.7 "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,11.3,9.3,0.6,"Q",0.4,0.9 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,66.8,54.7,3.6,1.7,1.9,4.8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,65.8,54,3.6,1.7,1.9,4.7
"Table HC11.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ," U.S. Housing Units (millions) " ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total Northeast" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,,"Middle Atlantic","New England" "Total",111.1,20.6,15.1,5.5 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,1.2,1,0.2 "2 Times A Day",24.6,4,2.7,1.2 "Once a Day",42.3,7.9,5.4,2.5 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,6,4.8,1.2 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.6,0.5,"Q" "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,0.6,0.4,"Q"
"Table HC11.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Northeast Census...
"No",54.7,9.8,6.7,3 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,8.2,5.9,2.3 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,8.1,6.1,2 "Poorly...
"Table HC8.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location...
",54.7,24.9,8.6,11.5,9.7 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,16,7.1,9.4,10.3 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,20.3,8,9.5,8.5...
"Table HC13.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by South Census...
No",54.7,20.9,11.3,3.6,6 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,16.1,9.1,2.5,4.5 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,17,9.1,3.2,4.7...
"Table HC3.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
6.7,29.4,2.3,0.9,1.3,2.8 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,32.8,27.8,1.5,1,0.9,1.6 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,33,26.8,2...
"Table HC15.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated...
No",54.7,3.2,3.3,3.8,5.7 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,3.1,2.7,3,3.5 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,2.7,3.1,3.1,5.2...
"Table HC10.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
,54.7,9.8,12.9,20.9,11.2 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,8.2,10.6,16.1,7.9 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,8.1,10.6,17,10....
"Table HC4.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied...
17.9,3.6,1.9,3.2,8.6,0.6 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,10,2,0.8,1.8,5.1,0.2 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,13.3,3,1.5,2...
"Table HC12.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Midwest Census...
"No",54.7,12.9,9.1,3.7 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,10.6,7.2,3.4 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,10.6,7.5,3.1 "Poorly...
"Table HC14.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by West Census...
"No",54.7,11.2,3.4,7.8 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,7.9,2.8,5.1 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,10.6,3.3,7.3 "Poorly...
"Table HC7.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Household Income...
5,11.2,6.7,13.2,5.8,14.5 "Housing Unit Characteristics Affecting Usage" "Adequacy of Insulation" "Well Insulated",42.8,9,11,8.2,5.1,9.5,4.8,13.1 "Adequately Insulated",46.3,10.4,11...
"Table HC8.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural Location, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Urban/Rural Location (as Self-Reported)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,"City","Town","Suburbs","Rural" "Total",111.1,47.1,19,22.7,22.3 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,3.7,1.6,1.4,1.5 "2 Times A Day",24.6,10.8,4.1,4.3,5.5 "Once a Day",42.3,17,7.2,8.7,9.3 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,11.4,4.7,6.4,4.8 "About Once a Week",3.9,1.7,0.6,0.9,0.8 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,2.2,0.6,0.8,0.5 "No Hot Meals Cooked",0.9,0.4,"Q","Q","Q"
"Table HC10.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Regions, 2005"
0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Regions, 2005" 0 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Regions, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Home Appliances Usage Indicators",,"Northeast","Midwest","South","West" "Total",111.1,20.6,25.6,40.7,24.2 "Cooking Appliances" "Frequency of Hot Meals Cooked" "3 or More Times A Day",8.2,1.2,1.4,3,2.6 "2 Times A Day",24.6,4,5.8,8.3,6.6 "Once a Day",42.3,7.9,10.7,15,8.8 "A Few Times Each Week",27.2,6,5.6,10.9,4.7 "About Once a Week",3.9,0.6,0.9,1.6,0.7 "Less Than Once a Week",4.1,0.6,1.1,1.7,0.7 "No Hot Meals Cooked",0.9,0.3,"Q","Q",0.2
"Table HC1.3 Heated Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units"
3 Heated Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" 3 Heated Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Heated Floorspace (square feet)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Fewer than 500","500 to 999","1,000 to 1,499","1,500 to 1,999","2,000 to 2,499","2,500 to 2,999","3,000 or More" "Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,6.1,27.7,26,17.6,10,"7 7.8",11.6 "No Main Space Heating Equipment",1.2,"N","N","N","N","N","N","N" "Have Main Space Heating Equipment",109.8,6.1,27.7,26,17.6,10,"7 7.8",11.6 "Use Main Space Heating Equipment",109.1,6.1,27.7,26,17.6,10,"7 7.8",11.6
"Table HC1.4 Cooled Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units"
4 Cooled Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" 4 Cooled Floorspace Usage Indicators, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Cooled Floorspace (square feet)" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"Fewer than 500","500 to 999","1,000 to 1,499","1,500 to 1,999","2,000 to 2,499","2,500 to 2,999","3,000 or More" "Usage Indicators" "Total",111.1,49.2,15.1,15.6,11.1,7,5.2,8 "Have Cooling Equipment",93.3,31.3,15.1,15.6,11.1,7,5.2,8 "Use Cooling Equipment",91.4,30.4,14.6,15.4,11.1,6.9,5.2,7.9 "Have Equipment But Do Not Use it",1.9,1,0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q","Q" "Do Not Have Cooling Equipment",17.8,17.8,"N","N","N","N","N","N"
"Table HC4.13 Lighting Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing...
and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C of the 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. " " Energy Information Administration 2005 Residential Consumption Survey: Preliminary Housing...
EVSE Features Charge Delay Option Power Light Indicator Eight-segment Progress Indicator Auto-restart
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Charge Delay Option Power Light Indicator Charge Delay Option Power Light Indicator Eight-segment Progress Indicator Auto-restart EVSE Specifications Grid connection Plug and cord NEMA 6-50 Connector type J1772 Test lab certifications UL Listed Approximate size (H x W x D inches) 10 x 13 x 4 Charge level AC Level 2 Input voltage 240 VAC Maximum input current 30 Amp Circuit breaker rating 40 Amp Test Conditions 1 Test date 10/30/2012 Nominal supply voltage (Vrms) 209.04 Supply frequency (Hz) 59.99 Initial ambient temperature (°F) 64 Test Vehicle 1,3 Make and model 2012 Chevrolet Volt Battery type Li-ion Steady state charge power (AC kW) 3.09 Maximum charge power (AC kW) 3.20 EVSE Test Results 1,2,4
Usage Indicators Tables Usage Indicators Tables (Million U.S. Households; 60 pages, 247 kb) Contents Pages HC6-1a. Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-2a. Usage Indicators by Year of Construction, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-3a. Usage Indicators by Household Income, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-4a. Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-5a. Usage Indicators by Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-6a. Usage Indicators by Type of Rented Housing Unit, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5 HC6-7a. Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, Million U.S. Households, 2001 5
Usage Demographics 2010
NERSC Usage Demographics 2010 Academic Usage Usage by Discipline DOE & Other Lab Usage Usage by Institution Type Last edited: 2012-10-30 13:51:35...
Demand Responsive Lighting: A Scoping Study
Figure 9: Lighting Energy Usage for Commercial Buildinghas analyzed lighting energy usage across different buildings La Figure 9: Lighting Energy Usage for Commercial Building
Rubinstein, Francis; Kiliccote, Sila
2003 Data] Figure 9: Lighting Energy Usage for Commercialhas analyzed lighting energy usage across different buildings La Figure 9: Lighting Energy Usage for Commercial Building
Robotics and Energy Usage
It is commonly assumed that the use of robots in an industrial plant will cut energy usage, because robots require no heat, light, or air conditioning in their work space. However, in analyzing industrial installations, we have found that, in practice, energy usage may either increase or decrease depending on the parameters of the particular facility. This paper describes our findings at the plants of various manufacturers. We performed on-site studies at plants operated by Chrysler Corporation in St. Louis (62 welding robots) and Franklin Manufacturing Company in St. Cloud, Minnesota (4 spray painting robots used in freezer manufacture), We also examined data on energy effects of robots from John Deere, caterpillar, and GM Guide Division. The effect of robots on electricity usage and other forms of energy usage are analyzed in this paper.
Hershey, R. L.; Fenton, S. E.; Letzt, A. M.
Brain usage
usage Name: A W Chen Status: NA Age: NA Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: For my science fair project I would like to know if every part of the brain is used all the...
Brain Usage
Usage Name: Matt Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: what percentage of the brain does the average human use? Replies: This is a very difficult question to address. Your...
Usage of Electronic Monograph
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Usage of Electronic Monograph. The following table shows the approximate usage of the monograph since April 1998. ...
EK101 Engineering Light Smart Lighting
represents high usage of an engine and the violet end represents low usage. A light blue coloring represents from red to light blue), and slowly increase their usage of engine A. The seventh row show a patternModeling Long-Term Search Engine Usage Ryen W. White, Ashish Kapoor, and Susan T. Dumais Microsoft
Bifano, Thomas
Brookhaven Logo Usage
Logo Usage The Correct Usage of the BNL Logo - The following examples picture correct and incorrect use of the Laboratory logo. If you need assistance in using the logo, contact...
Context: Usage and Effectiveness
*. Bookmark and Share. Context: Usage and Effectiveness. US Navy Aircraft Halon 1301 Effectivity Analysis.. Tedeschi, M.; Leach, W.; 1995. ...
APS LOM Shop Usage
Division XSD Groups Industry Argonne Home Advanced Photon Source APS LOM Shop Usage User Shop Access - Policies and Procedures User Shop Orientation User Shop...
CERN LEP indications for two light Higgs bosons and the U(1){sup '} model
SciTech Connect
Reanalyses of LEP data have shown preference to two light CP-even Higgs bosons. We discuss implications of such a Higgs boson spectrum for the minimal supersymmetric model extended by a standard model singlet chiral superfield and an additional Abelian gauge invariance [the U(1){sup '} model]. We, in particular, determine parameter regions that lead to two light CP-even Higgs bosons while satisfying existing bounds on the mass and mixings of the extra vector boson. In these parameter regions, the pseudoscalar Higgs is found to be nearly degenerate in mass with either the lightest or next-to-lightest Higgs boson. Certain parameters of the U(1){sup '} model such as the effective {mu} parameter are found to be significantly bounded by the LEP two light Higgs signal.
Demir, Durmus A. [Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, IZTECH, TR35430 (Turkey); Solmaz, Levent [Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, IZTECH, TR35430 (Turkey); Department of Physics, Balikesir University, Balikesir, TR10100 (Turkey); Solmaz, Saime [Department of Physics, Balikesir University, Balikesir, TR10100 (Turkey)
Variability of Battery Wear in Light Duty Plug-In Electric Vehicles Subject to Ambient Temperature, Battery Size, and Consumer Usage: Preprint
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Battery wear in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is a complex function of ambient temperature, battery size, and disparate usage. Simulations capturing varying ambient temperature profiles, battery sizes, and driving patterns are of great value to battery and vehicle manufacturers. A predictive battery wear model developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory captures the effects of multiple cycling and storage conditions in a representative lithium chemistry. The sensitivity of battery wear rates to ambient conditions, maximum allowable depth-of-discharge, and vehicle miles travelled is explored for two midsize vehicles: a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with a nominal range of 75 mi (121 km) and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) with a nominal charge-depleting range of 40 mi (64 km). Driving distance distributions represent the variability of vehicle use, both vehicle-to-vehicle and day-to-day. Battery wear over an 8-year period was dominated by ambient conditions for the BEV with capacity fade ranging from 19% to 32% while the PHEV was most sensitive to maximum allowable depth-of-discharge with capacity fade ranging from 16% to 24%. The BEV and PHEV were comparable in terms of petroleum displacement potential after 8 years of service, due to the BEV?s limited utility for accomplishing long trips.
Wood, E.; Neubauer, J.; Brooker, A. D.; Gonder, J.; Smith, K. A.
Energy usage in super markets
The supermarket industry used 450 billion Btu's of energy each day, enough to heat 2 million homes. But more important than the overall energy usage is what energy is costing the supermarket operator; in many cases energy costs exceed rent. This special research report is designed to help the supermarket management determine if their stores are excessive energy users and to provide valuable data for planning remodels and new stores. The report is presented in five sections. The first two sections, General Observations and Monthly Electrical Usage and Demand Power, can easily be used by all supermarket operators. The third and fourth sections contain more detailed statistics that will be valuable to industry people who want to analyze energy usage more thoroughly. The statistics in section 1-4 are reported for various geographic regions and store sizes. Section five is the sample distribution which provides an insight into what other stores are using for refrigeration, lighting, etc. The information in this report is average for a typical supermarket and should be used only as that when compared to a specific supermarket facility.
Gerke, E.
Adaptive web usage profiling
Web usage models and profiles capture significant interests and trends from past accesses. They are used to improve user experience, say through recommendation of pages, pre-fetching of pages, etc. While browsing behavior changes dynamically over time, ...
Bhushan Shankar Suryavanshi; Nematollaah Shiri; Sudhir P. Mudur
Exemplary Units Markup Language usage
Sample UnitsML tools and usage. ... Its usage is limited to demonstrating capabilities of plain XSLT processing with the data stored in UnitsML. ...
Automotive materials usage trends
The materials composition of US passenger cars is traced from 1960 and projected into 1990's. Sales-weighted average vehicle-weight trends are analyzed in terms of shifts in the large/small car mix, downsizing, and downweighting. The growth in the usage of lightweight materials: -high strength steels, cast/wrought aluminum, plastics and composites - are examined in detail. Usage trends in a host of other materials such as alloy steels, zinc, lead, copper, etc. are also discussed. An approximate quantitative analysis of changes in the usage of steel by the automotive industry worldwide show that about 10% of total decline in Western-World steel consumption is accounted for by the automotive industry. An assessment is presented for automotive industry use of critical materials such as chromium in alloy steels/cast irons and the platinum group metals in exhaust-gas catalysts. 10 references, 13 figures, 9 tables.
Gjostein, N.A.
Since lighting accounts for about one-third of the energy used in commercial buildings, there is opportunity to conserve. There are two ways to reduce lighting energy use: modify lighting systems so that they used less electricity and/or reduce the number of hours the lights are used. This booklet presents a number of ways to do both. Topics covered include: reassessing lighting levels, reducing lighting levels, increasing bulb & fixture efficiency, using controls to regulate lighting, and taking advantage of daylight.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Solid-State Lighting: Residential Lighting End-Use Consumption
Lighting End-Use Consumption Study aims to improve the understanding of lighting energy usage in U.S. residential dwellings using a regional estimation framework. The...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
There are many different types of artificial lights, all of which have different applications and uses.�Types of lighting include:
Energy Usage | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Usage Energy Usage How much do you spend per year compared to others? A state-by-state map of per capita energy expenditures. Subtopics Storage Consumption Transmission Smart Grid...
Memory Usage Considerations on Franklin
the memory requirement vvia internal checking in their codes or by some tools. Craypat could track heap usage. And IPM also tracks memory usage. Last edited: 2013-06-30 08:33:51...
Usage by Job Size
Usage by Job Usage by Job Size Table Usage by Job Size Table page loading animation Usage Query Interface System All Hopper Edison Carver Planck Matgen Franklin Hopper 1 Magellan Dirac Bassi Jacquard Seaborg User Account (Repo) Execution Queue All Debug Interactive Premium Regular Short Regular Long Regular Small Regular Medium Regular Big Regular Extra Big Killable Low Transfer IO Task Special System Serial Big Memory Westmere === Inactive === Magellan Serial Magellan Short Magellan Small Magellan Medium Magellan Big Magellan Long Regular 1 Regular 1 Long Regular 16 Regular 32 Regular 48 Full Config Seaborg Serial Batch 16 Batch 32 Batch 64 Submit Queue all interactive debug premium regular low DOE Office all ASCR BER BES FES HEP NP Summary for jobs that completed after Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 @ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
extensively in concert lighting and are finding increased usage in dance lighting because refers to the upstage back curtain (is white or a light color), which can be us for lighting or special Mixer #12;Monitor House speaker Lighting System Control Board: Similar to the sound board, the light
Polytechnic Institute of New York University GRAPHIC STANDARDS AND LOGO USAGE GUIDE
, some machines' memory usage are always relatively lightly-loaded (the green lines shown in the figure, and also investigate valuable statistics of machine's maximum load, queue state and relative usage levels describe dynamic metrics, such as queue state, and relative usage levels compared to capacities
Aronov, Boris
Network effects, economic efficiency, and usage-based pricing for internet access.
??This paper attempts to shed some light on the issue of net neutrality by examining the extent to which Internet usage is efficiently allocated under� (more)
Cooper, Matthew L.
Improving energy usage
The Phillips Petroleum Company's Borger Refinery and NGL Process Center Energy Conservation program has been one of surveying, making revisions and additions to, and redesign of processes and equipment to conserve energy. Special emphasis has been placed on minimizing energy usage in the design of new processes in the plants. In 1972 an average of 758,800 Btu's were used to process each barrel of fresh charge. Now 7.5 days of fresh charge are being saved to the plant each year. The energy-use reduction programs discussed were: (1) furnace and boiler excess-oxygen and combustibles control program; (2) installation of an Applied Automation, Inc., Fractionator Computer Control System named Optrol; and (3) the steam-trap program. 1 figure. (DP)
Haage, P.R.
HPSS Usage Examples at NERSC
Examples Advanced Usage Examples Transferring Data from Batch Jobs Once you have set up your automatic HPSS authentication you can access HPSS within batch scripts. Read More ...
The lighting section of ASHRAE standard 90.1 is discussed. It applies to all new buildings except low-rise residential, while excluding specialty lighting applications such as signage, art exhibits, theatrical productions, medical and dental tasks, and others. In addition, lighting for indoor plant growth is excluded if designed to operate only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Lighting allowances for the interior of a building are determined by the use of the system performance path unless the space functions are not fully known, such as during the initial stages of design or for speculative buildings. In such cases, the prescriptive path is available. Lighting allowances for the exterior of all buildings are determined by a table of unit power allowances. A new addition the exterior lighting procedure is the inclusion of facade lighting. However, it is no longer possible to trade-off power allotted for the exterior with the interior of a building or vice versa. A significant change is the new emphasis on lighting controls.
McKay, H.N. (Hayden McKay Lighting Design, New York, NY (US))
The UCONABC usage control model
In this paper, we introduce the family of UCONABC models for usage control (UCON), which integrate Authorizations (A), oBligations (B), and Conditions (C). We call these core models because they address the essence of UCON, leaving ... Keywords: access control, digital rights management, privacy, trust, usage control
Jaehong Park; Ravi Sandhu
step 1: retrieve usage step 2: convert usage
planet #12;step 2: convert usage data to ghg electricity conversion EPA eGRID database provides state by state data on: lbs CO2 / MWh lbs NOx / MWH eGRID Massachusetts specific conversion factors only
Paulsson, Johan
Distribution of light element isotopes in Bencubbin and Weatherford meteorites: An indicator of heterogeneity in the primitive solar nebula
The objective is to study light element isotopes, particularly {sup 15}N, in meteorites to elucidate early solar nebula processes. The approach is to use microion beams to induce characteristic nuclear reactions in specific minerals in the meteorites, and to develop isotope imaging techniques by beam rastering. Early results demonstrate the feasibility of the beam rastering technique and we have successfully measured a {delta}{sup 15}N ratio of about -50 {per_thousand} in sinoite (Si{sub 2}N{sub 2}O) in an enstatite chondrite. No conclusions can be drawn at this stage of the investigation. Ultimately, the results are important to understanding conditions during planetary formation, and in developing new analytic techniques applicable to a wide range of geophysical problems.
Blacic, J.; Maggiore, C.; Taylor, J.; Newsom, H.; Marti, K.
Light-Weight Composite Environmental Performance Indicators (LWC-EPI) Solution: A Systematic Approach towards Users Requirements
The acceleration of change in the environment, the consequent legislation, and the thereby improved social awareness have challenged companies to enhance their business strategies with respect to improvements in sustainability. A clear and comprehensive ... Keywords: Environmental Management Information Systems "EMIS", Environmental Performance Indicator "EPI", Enterprise Resource Planning System "ERPs", Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Small and Medium enterprise "SME"
Naoum Jamous, Holger Schrodl, Klaus Turowski
Flipping the Switch Lighting in Education and Hellems
such as under-cabinet lights that were not heavily used. FixtureFinder was able to recognize fixture usage- cover light fixtures, infer their nominal wattage values and usage times. We considered other sensor the two data streams and looking for matched ON/OFF events, two true light usage events are discovered
Colorado at Boulder, University of
Cleaning optimization for reduced chemical usage
The use of dilute SC-1 (NH40H:H202:H20) chemistry cleaning processes for particle removal from silicon surfaces has been investigated. Dilute chemistries can be highly effective, especially when high- frequency acoustic energy (megasonics) is applied. The high particle removal efficacy of the dilute chemistry processes presumably arises due to increased double layer effects caused by reduced ionic strength. Dilute chemistry SC- I solutions exhibit somewhat reduced efficacy for removal of certain light organics; however, when dilute SC-1 is used along with other pre-gate cleaning steps (e.g. HF, SC-2, and piranha), then the overall cleaning sequence is quite effective. In addition to providing robust cleaning processes, dilute chemistries also result in significantly lower chemical and rinse water usage. Waste water treatment requirements are also lessened when dilute chemistry cleaning solutions are employed.
Resnick, P.J.; Simonson, G.C.; Matlock, C.A.; Kelly, M.J.
Modeling Long-Term Search Engine Usage Ryen W. White, Ashish Kapoor, and Susan T. Dumais
photosensor design accurately senses daylight availability, cutting electric light usage 4060 percent or morePhotosensors and associated control systems can dim or raise fluorescent lighting systems to decrease or increase the electrical lighting used as the amount of daylight changes during the day. However
Dumais, Susan
Towards Sustainable Material Usage: Investigating Limits to ...
Presentation Title, Towards Sustainable Material Usage: Investigating Limits to ... secondary resources decreases energy consumption; this energy advantage�...
Photomultiplier tube saturation indicator
A photomultiplier tube saturation indicator is formed by supplying a supplemental light source, typically a light emitting diode (LED), adjacent to the photomultiplier tube. A switch allows the light source to be activated. The light is forwarded to the photomultiplier tube by an optical fiber. If the probe is properly light tight, then a meter attached to the indicator will register the light from the LED. If the probe is no longer light tight, and the saturation indicator is saturated, no signal will be registered when the LED is activated. This photomultiplier tube is used with alpha contamination probes.
Ruch, J.F.; Urban, D.J.
Resource and Fuels Usage Contacting the Authors
) % of 1990 usage Natural gas 577 24% Biomass 494 1190% Renewables 182 106% Nuclear 73 62% Coal 561 908 sectors · LDV is least carbon-intensive Total Energy (PJ) % of 1990 usage Natural gas 122 5% Biomass 891T activity) 9% line (218% PxT activity) In-State Emissions Total Energy (PJ) % of 1990 usage Natural gas 123
California at Davis, University of
Predicting hourly building energy usage
This article presents the results of an evaluation to identify the most accurate method for making hourly energy use predictions. The prediction of energy usage by HVAC systems is important for the purposes of HVAC diagnostics, system control, parameter and system identification, optimization and energy management. Many new techniques are now being applied to the analysis problems involved with predicting the future behavior of HVAC systems and deducing properties of these systems. Similar problems arise in most observational disciplines, including physics, biology and economics.
Kreider, J.F. (Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering); Haberl, J.S. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Mechanical Engineering Dept.)
Device for monitoring utility usage
A device for monitoring utility usage for installation and use by homeowners and consumers with existing public utility meters having a disk that is mounted inside a transparent case and that rotates in response to electrical current usage, the device is described comprising: a disk rotation monitoring assembly for mounting on the exterior of the transparent case, said monitoring assembly comprising: (a) a sensor for sensing disk rotation speed and generating a signal in response thereto; and (b) means for mounting said sensor on the transparent case, said mounting means further comprising means for holding said sensor, means for attaching said holding means to the transparent case, and means for adjusting the position of said holding means to enable precise alignment of said sensor with the plane of the disk such that said sensor is in optical communication with the edge of said disk; one or more remote display terminals in electrical communication with said monitoring assembly, each of said one or more remote terminals comprising: (a) means for receiving said signal and processing said signal into utility consumption data; (b) an electronic memory for storing said data; (c) a visual display for displaying data in a reader-usable format about consumption; and (d) a display controller that enables selective displaying of any of said data on said visual display.
Green, R.G.
NEWTON: Blood Group Systems Usage
Blood Group Systems Usage Blood Group Systems Usage Name: Kishori Status: student Grade: n/a Location: Outside U.S. Country: India Date: Summer 2013 Question: What is the difference between MN blood group system and ABO bloodgroup system? Although, we nowadays prefer ABO blood groups why do we use MN blood groups in the forensic department? Replies: Humans actually have multiple blood antigens on the surface of our blood cells. Wikipedia says that there are over 50 different blood group antigens. ABO and Rh are just the most dominant. Rh actually has 3 alleles called C, D and E. So one could be CCddee, for example, but clinically, when referring to Rh, only the D antigen is considered. So MN is another system that is also present. The reason it would be considered in forensics is due to population genetics considerations. Certain combinations are found in different percentages depending on what ancestry a person is a part of. Humans evolved in isolation from each other and until relatively recently, were separated due to difficult travel/migration. But even though we can move around the planet easily now, we still carry the history of our ancestry in our DNA. M and N are codominant, like the ABO system.
Good lighting with energy conservation
The publicity and economic impact of the oil embargo of 1973-74 has frequently caused over-reactive, indiscriminate reductions in lighting without eliminating many of the truly energy-wasteful aspects of lighting system usage. With current technology and a clear knowledge of the lighting requirements significant contributions to energy conservation can be achieved without unnecessarily sacrificing the benefits of good lighting.
Clark, G.W.
EART 265 Lecture Notes: Energy Energy Usage
EART 265 Lecture Notes: Energy Energy Usage US per capita energy usage is 10 kW. This represents 1 of 2 kW. Euro- pean countries tend to use less energy per capita by a factor of 2. China's per capita/4 of the worldwide energy usage, and with 1/20th of the world population gives a global average power consumption
Nimmo, Francis
Memory Usage Considerations on Hopper
Memory Considerations Memory Considerations Memory Considerations Memory Usage Considerations on Hopper Most Hopper compute nodes have 32 GB of physical memory, but, not all that memory is available to user programs. Compute Node Linux (the kernel), the Lustre file system software, and message passing library buffers all consume memory, as does loading the executable into memory. Thus the precise memory available to an application varies. Approximately 31 GB of memory can be allocated from within an MPI program using all 24 cores per node, i.e., 1.29 GB per MPI task on average. If an application uses 12 MPI tasks per node, then each MPI task could use about 2.58 GB of memory. You may see an error message such as "OOM killer terminated this process." "OOM" means Out of Memory and it means that your code has exhausted the
Residential Energy Usage by Origin of Householder
Home > Energy Users > Residential Home Page > Energy Usage by Origin of Householder. Consumption and Expenditures. NOTE: To View and/or Print PDF's ...
Exploring iPhone Usage: The Influence of Socioeconomic Differences on Smartphone Adoption, Usage and Usability
on device usage. Among our findings are that a large number of applications were uninstalled, lower SESExploring iPhone Usage: The Influence of Socioeconomic Differences on Smartphone Adoption, Usage. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2 Dept. of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX {rahmati, chad
Zhong, Lin
Usage analysis and the web of data
The workshop on Usage Analysis and the Web of Data (USEWOD2011) was the first workshop in the field to investigate combinations of usage data with semantics and the Web of Data. Questions the workshop aims to address are for example: How can semantics ...
Bettina Berendt; Laura Hollink; Vera Hollink; Markus Luczak-R�sch; Knud M�ller; David Vallet
Detecting and analyzing insecure component usage
Software is commonly built from reusable components that provide desired functionalities. Although component reuse significantly improves software productivity, insecure component usage can lead to security vulnerabilities in client applications. ... Keywords: differential testing, insecure component usage, testing and analysis of real-world software
Taeho Kwon; Zhendong Su
Hybrid lighting: Illuminating our future
Hybrid lighting is a combination of natural and artificial illumination to be used indoors for all lighting needs. Ideally, hybrid lighting is effectively indistinguishable from standard artificial lighting except in quality and cost, where it will likely be an improvement. Hybrid lighting systems are produced by a combination of four technologies: collecting natural light, generating artificial light, transporting and distributing light to where it is needed, and controlling the amounts of both natural and artificial light continuously during usage. Lighting demands a large fraction of our energy needs. If we can control or decrease this demand, we are able to accommodate societal growth without energy demand growth.
Cates, M.R.
General Guidance on Data Usage and Management
General Guidance on Data Usage and Management General Guidance on Data Usage and Management Summary Data Usage Credit Data Management and Documentation: Introduction Our philosophy Data management Record measured values Zero versus missing value Metadata Data documentation Define variables Specify units Provide citations For additional information Summary Ensure long-term preservation of, and full and open access to, high-quality data sets Give proper credit to the researchers providing the data Provide thorough, yet simple, documentation: how the data were produced, what they mean Generate ASCII data and documentation files; they ensure readibility by virtually all users Define variable names and units Point to, or provide, important publications that further document the data Data usage CDIAC fully supports the July 1991 Policy Statements on Data Management for
ERP Usage in Practice: An Empirical Investigation
This study presents the results of an exploratory study of Fortune 1000 firms and their enterprise resource planning ERP usage, as well as benefits and changes they have realized from ERP. The study empirically examines ERP in these organizations to ...
Mary C. Jones; Randall Young
Material impacts on operational energy usage
Decisions regarding materials and construction of a building are made all the time in the architectural process, but thought is not always given to how those choices may affect the buildings ultimate energy usage and the ...
Love, Andrea, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Microsoft Word - Epoxy Usage Form.docx
Division Form Rev. 41111 Monthly Epoxy Usage Form (Weight in Grams) Date Initials CTD 101K Stycast Catalyst Epon Resin Epicure Part A Part B Part C 2850 24LV 815828 3140...
Electricity Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage...
Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage Patterns Title Electricity Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage Patterns Publication Type Journal Article Year of...
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Energy Usage Forecasts
Alphabetically Tools by Platform PC Mac UNIX Internet Tools by Country Related Links Energy Usage Forecasts Energy Usage Forecasts Quick and easy web-based tool that provides...
CNST NanoFab Facility User Computer Security and Usage ...
Page 1. CNST NanoFab Facility User Computer Security and Usage Policy ... CNST NanoFab Facility User Computer Security and Usage Policy ...
arXiv.org help - arXiv usage statistics
by major subject areas through January 2013 Access and download statistics: Today's usage for arXiv.org (not including mirrors) Institutional Usage Statistics: 2009, 2010,...
Annual fuel usage charts for oil-fired boilers. [Building space heating and hot water supplies
On the basis of laboratory-determined boiler efficiency data, one may calculate the annual fuel usage (AFU) for any oil-fired boiler, serving a structure of a given design heat load, for any specified hourly weather pattern. Further, where data are available regarding the energy recapture rates of the strucutre due to direct gain solar energy (windows), lighting, cooking, electrical appliances, metabolic processes, etc., the annual fuel usage savings due to such (re) capture are straightforwardly determinable. Employing the Brookhaven National Laboratory annual fuel usage formulation, along with efficiency data determined in the BNL Boiler Laboratory, computer-drawn annual fuel usage charts can be generated for any selected boiler for a wide range of operating conditions. For two selected boilers operating in any one of the hour-by-hour weather patterns which characterize each of six cities over a wide range of firing rates, domestic hot water consumption rates, design heat loads, and energy (re) capture rates, annual fuel usages are determined and graphically presented. Figures 1 to 98, inclusive, relate to installations for which energy recapture rates are taken to be zero. Figures 97 to 130, inclusive, apply to a range of cases for which energy recapture rates are nonzero and determinable. In all cases, simple, direct and reliable annual fuel usage values can be determined by use of charts and methods such as those illustrated.
Berlad, A.L.; Yeh, Y.J.; Salzano, F.J.; Hoppe, R.J.; Batey, J.
How Usage is Charged at NERSC
usage usage is charged How usage is charged MPP Charging (Computational Systems) When a job runs on a NERSC MPP system, such as Hopper, charges accrue against one of the user's repository allocations. The unit of accounting for these charges is the "MPP Hour". A parallel job is charged for exclusive use of each multi-core node allocated to the job. The MPP charge for such a job is calculated as the product of: the job's elapsed wall-clock time in hours, the number of nodes allocated to the job (regardless of the number actually used), the number of cores available on each allocated node, a machine charge factor (MCF) based on typical performance of the machine relative to Hopper (MCF=1.0), and a queue charge factor (QCF). Queue priority scheduling gives users
Automobile usage patterns. Highlight report. Volume XIV
A report is given as part of a series of studies dealing with general public behavior and attitudes towards energy conservation. Specifically, this study concentrates on automobile usage patterns. The study is based on 1,007 telephone interviews and includes topics such as car usage affected by lifestyle, car usage patterns, planned trips as compared with routine or spontaneous trips, times per week trip is usually made, analysis of trips, the extent to which shopping trips are done by phone instead of by car, willingness to cut out trips, factors deterring car use, and a summary which concludes that the primary way that people could cut down automobile use without eliminating leisure time use would be in more careful planning of trip for shopping and errands. Another important finding in this study is lack of sensitivity to gasoline prices. (GRA)
Rappeport, M.; Labaw, P.
DND: a model for forecasting electrical energy usage by water-resource subregion
A forecast methodology was derived from principles of econometrics using exogenous variables, i.e., cost of electricity, consumer income, and price elasticity as indicators of growth for each consuming sector: residential, commercial, and industrial. The model was calibrated using forecast data submitted to the Department of Energy (DOE) by the nine Regional Electric Reliability Councils. Estimates on electrical energy usage by specific water-resource subregion were obtained by normalizing forecasted total electrical energy usage by state into per capita usage. The usage factor and data on forecasted population were applied for each water resource subregion. The results derived using the model are self-consistent and in good agreement with DOE Energy Information Administration projections. The differences that exist are largely the result of assumptions regarding specific aggregations and assignment of regional-system reliability and load factors. 8 references, 2 figures, 13 tables.
Sonnichsen, J.C. Jr.
Reducing the Energy Usage of Office Applications
In this paper, we demonstrate how component-based middleware can reduce the energy usage of closed-source applications. We rst describe how the Puppeteer system exploits well-dened interfaces exported by applications to modify their behavior. We then present a detailed study of the energy usage of Microsoft's PowerPoint application and show that adaptive policies can reduce energy expenditure by 49% in some instances. In addition, we use the results of the study to provide general advice to developers of applications and middleware that will enable them to create more energy-ecient software. 1
Jason Flinn; Eyal De Lara; M. Satyanarayanan; Dan S. Wallach; Willy Zwaenepoel; Willy
CloudMonitor: Profiling Power Usage
In Cloud Computing platforms the addition of hardware monitoring devices to gather power usage data can be impractical or uneconomical due to the large number of machines to be metered. CloudMonitor, a monitoring tool that can generate power models for software-based power estimation, can provide insights to the energy costs of deployments without additional hardware. Accurate power usage data leads to the possibility of Cloud providers creating a separate tariff for power and therefore incentivizing software developers to create energy-efficient applications.
Smith, James William; Ward, Jonathan Stuart; Sommerville, Ian
Identifying diverse usage behaviors of smartphone apps
Smartphone users are increasingly shifting to using apps as "gateways" to Internet services rather than traditional web browsers. App marketplaces for iOS, Android, and Windows Phone platforms have made it attractive for developers to deploy apps and ... Keywords: app usage behavior, smartphone apps
Qiang Xu; Jeffrey Erman; Alexandre Gerber; Zhuoqing Mao; Jeffrey Pang; Shobha Venkataraman
Federal Energy Management Program: Outdoor Solid-State Lighting...
Outdoor solid-state lighting (SSL) technology has the potential to reduce U.S. lighting energy usage by nearly one half and contribute significantly to our nation's climate...
Heavy-duty truck population, activity and usage patterns. Final report
The objective of the study was to update the heavy-duty truck (HDT) population, activity (e.g., vehicle miles traveled (VMT), numbers of starts and trips, trip duration, etc.), and usage patterns type of service/business (e.g., delivery, construction, etc.), area of operation (i.e., local, short-haul, long-haul) for HDT`s registered and/or operated in California. The population and activity estimates were done on a weight-class-specific basis light-heavy-duty, medium-heavy-duty and heavy-heavy-duty. Population, activity and usage estimates were based primarily on Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) registration data and Truck Inventory and Usage Survey (TIUS) data. In addition to the analysis of existing data (i.e., DMV and TIUS), 42 HDTs were fitted with on-board data loggers that recorded numbers of trips and starts, daily VMT and travel by time-of-day.
Fischer, M.
Intelligent Lighting System Using Wireless Sensor Networks
This paper examines the use of Wireless Sensor Networks interfaced with light fittings to allow for daylight substitution techniques to reduce energy usage in existing buildings. This creates a wire free system for existing buildings with minimal disruption and cost.
Kumaar, A A Nippun; TSB, Sudarshan; 10.5121/ijasuc.2010.1402
Energy usage of rotating biological contractor facilities
A recent US Environmental Protection Agency field study investigated the energy requirements for rotating biological contactor (RBC) units. The energy measurements for mechanically driven units varied considerably, but the overall average of 2.03 kW/shaft was very close to current manufacturer estimates. The power factor of most of the mechanically driven units was very low, and most installations could benefit from power factor correction. The energy requirements of air driven units also were highly variable and must be evaluated on an individual plant basis. The results of this study provide factual data on energy usage of RBC units, as well as a basis for developing design and operational considerations to reduce energy usage and maximize operational flexibility and plant performance. 9 references, 7 tables.
Gilbert, W.G.; Wheeler, J.F.; MacGregor, A.
Green Button Helps More Consumers Click with Their Energy Usage...
Helps More Consumers Click with Their Energy Usage Data Green Button Helps More Consumers Click with Their Energy Usage Data September 12, 2013 - 2:41pm Addthis At the White House...
Soy Protein ProductsChapter 7 Regulations Regarding Usage
Soy Protein Products Chapter 7 Regulations Regarding Usage Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry AOCS Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 7 Regulations Regarding Usage from the
New energy usage patterns in manufacturing
Long term energy demands of industrial societies will exceed energy production capabilities if present usage patterns remain unchanged. Thus the central core of the current energy dilemma involves the change from reliance on petroleum sources to the utilization of more plentiful energy resources. The two energy resources which are plentiful and the technology already exists for their development are coal and uranium. Several concepts of substituting electricity for oil and natural gas are presented.
Hauser, L.G.
Energy Usage Data Standard for US Smart Grid Passes Key ...
Energy Usage Data Standard for US Smart Grid Passes Key Advisory Panel Vote. From NIST Tech Beat: March 1, 2011. ...
System Compatibility of Modern Lighting Control Systems
Development of lighting control technologies continues at rapid rates in efforts to reduce energy usage and improve quality of light and color. Utilities, efficiency engineers, and end users should be aware of emissions and immunity performance of a lighting device before it is accepted for use in incentive and rebate programs prior to deployment in customer facilities. Continuing its efforts in evaluating new lighting control technologies, EPRI, within its Program 170, has tested four lighting control p...
Wireless Networked Lighting Systems for Optimizing Energy Savings and User Satisfaction
algorithm formulates lighting control as a linear programming problem to minimize energy usage and meet buildings with the following two objectives: 1) minimize the overall lighting energy usage and 2) provide conservation in the energy-efficient lighting technologies. Studies conducted in typical office environments
Agogino, Alice M.
The Impact of Residential Density on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption
residential transportation energy usage is vital for theDensity on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Table 2Density on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption with
Golob, Thomas F.; Brownstone, David
How Households Use Different Types of Vehicles: A Structural Driver Allocation and Usage Model
types Mini cars have approximately average usage. SubcompactCompact cars have greater than average usage only if theycar is driven morethan otherwise expected. The . -elationships between usage
Golob, Thomas F.; Kim, Seyoung; Ren, Weiping
The impact of residential density on vehicle usage and fuel consumption
on vehicle usage and energy consumption. Journal of Urbanon vehicle usage and fuel consumption Jinwon Kim and Davidon vehicle usage and fuel consumption* Jinwon Kim and David
Kim, Jinwon; Brownstone, David
Climate Indices
Indices Indices Climate Indices Climate indices are diagnostic tools used to describe the state of the climate system and monitor climate. They are most often represented with a time series, where each point in time corresponds to one index value. An index can be constructed to describe almost any atmospheric event; as such, they are myriad. Therefore, CDIAC provides these links to other web sites to help guide users to the most widely used climate indices, which in many cases are updated monthly. Data Set Website/Name NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, Monitoring and Data Index Page NOAA's Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Monthly Atmospheric and Ocean Time Series Page (plot, analyze, and compare time series) The Monthly Teleconnection Indices Page from NOAA's National
An assessment of worldwide supercomputer usage
This report provides a comparative study of advanced supercomputing usage in Japan and the United States as of Spring 1994. It is based on the findings of a group of US scientists whose careers have centered on programming, evaluating, and designing high-performance supercomputers for over ten years. The report is a follow-on to an assessment of supercomputing technology in Europe and Japan that was published in 1993. Whereas the previous study focused on supercomputer manufacturing capabilities, the primary focus of the current work was to compare where and how supercomputers are used. Research for this report was conducted through both literature studies and field research in Japan.
Wasserman, H.J.; Simmons, M.L.; Hayes, A.H.
An Assessment of the U.S. Residential Lighting Market
This report provides background data upon which residential lighting fixture energy conservation programs can be built. The current stock of residential lighting is described by usage level, lamp wattage, fixture type, and location within the house. Data are discussed that indicate that 25% of residential fixtures are responsible for 80% of residential lighting energy use, and that justify targeting these fixtures as candidates for retrofit with energy-efficient fixtures. Fixtures determined to have the highest energy use are hardwired ceiling fixtures in kitchens, living/family rooms, dining rooms, and outdoors. An assessment of the market for residential fixtures shows that nearly half of new residential fixtures are imported, 61% of new fixtures sold are hardwired, and about half of all new fixtures sold are for ceiling installation.
Jennings, Judy; Brown, Rich; Moezzi, Mithra; Mills, Evan; Sardinsky, Robert
Reducing Energy Usage in Extractive Distillation
Butadiene 1:3 is separated from other C4-hydrocarbons
by extractive distillation in a
sieve plate tower. Prior to the development
work to be described, the pressure in the
extraction tower was controlled at a fixed
value. The tower pressure-boilup control loop
did not behave satisfactorily in the presence of
non-condensables which entered with the feed.
The capacity of the flooded reflux drum
condenser for the tower was limiting production
during summer months.
The tower pressure control loop was put on
manual. The pressure was allowed to drop to its
lowest attainable value for the existing
conditions of boilup and condenser cooling
capability. This manner of operation is known
as floating pressure control. By taking
advantage of the higher relative volatility at
the lower tower pressure, energy usage was
reduced and there was an increase in production
capacity. The tower operation at a lower
temperature reduced tower and reboiler fouling.
Substantial savings have resulted from these
improvements. The annual energy consumption has
been reduced by 25% and maximum productive
capacity is higher by 15%. The rate of tower
and reboiler fouling has not been fully
quantified but is greatly reduced. A more
stable tower operation has also contributed to
higher productivity and reduced energy usage.
Venting of non-condensables does not affect
tower stability and the operators have adapted
well to the new control strategy.
Saxena, A. C.; Bhandari, V. A.
The REDTI and MSI: Two New National Climate Impact Indices
Two climate indices that are useful for monitoring the impact of weather and climate on energy usage and crop yields in the United States have been developed at the National Climatic Data Center. The residential energy-demand temperature index (...
Richard R. Heim Jr.; Jay H. Lawrimore; David B. Wuertz; Anne M. Waple; Trevor W. R. Wallis
Federal Water Use Indices | Department of Energy
Federal Water Use Indices Federal Water Use Indices Federal Water Use Indices FEMP provides water use indices as a guide for Federal agencies. Note that each is a rough estimate of water usage at different types of sites. Your site may vary considerably. The following indices should be used only to assist in determining baseline data when no other information is available on site water usage. Conversion factors for the Federal water use indices are also available. Source: American Water Works Association 1996. Data represents gallons per unit per day. Commercial User Unit Range Typical Airport Passenger 4-5 3 Apartment house Person 100-200 100 Boarding house Person 25-50 40 Hotel Guest 40-60 50 Employee 8-13 10 Lodging house and tourist home Guest 30-50 40 Motel Guest 25-40 35
Household Fuel Oil or Kerosene Usage Form
Contractor�s Street Address . Contractor�s City, State, and ZIP Code . ... is a light distillate fuel oil intended for use in vaporizing pot-type burners.
Energy Usage Forecasts Energy Usage Forecasts Energy Usage Forecasts Quick and easy web-based tool that provides free 14-day ahead energy usage forecasts based on the degree day forecasts for 1,200 stations in the U.S. and Canada. The user enters the daily non-weather base load and the usage per degree day weather factor; the tool applies the degree day forecast and displays the total energy usage forecast. Helpful FAQs explain the process and describe various options for the calculation of the base load and weather factor. Historical degree day reports and 14-day ahead degree day forecasts are available from the same site. Keywords degree days, historical weather, mean daily temperature, load calculation, energy simulation Validation/Testing Degree day data provided by AccuWeather.com, updated daily at 0700.
Child Care Availability and Usage Among Welfare Recipients
Child Care Availability and Usage Among Welfare Recipients 1the impact that the availability of nearby licensed care hasemployment and that the availability of nearby licensed care
Houston, Douglas; Ong, Paul M.
POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY - Final
POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY August 2005 Revised May 2007 Prepared for: The United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory DOE Gasification...
VEHICLE USAGE LOG Department ________________________________________ Vehicle Homebase ____________________________ Week Ended (Sunday) _________________
VEHICLE USAGE LOG Department ________________________________________ Vehicle Homebase of the owning Unit. Vehicle Homebase: Enter the City, Zip Code, Building, or other location designation. Week
Johnston, Daniel
Form EIA-457E (2001) -- Household Bottled Gas Usage
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
Fuel Oil or Kerosene Usage Form OMB No. 1905-0092, Expiring February 29, 2004 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About the...
NANOFAB TOOL USAGE RATES Effective 1/1/13
... Application specific training beyond general tool usage will require additional training time and should be discussed with process engineer prior to ...
Integrate Real-Time Weather with Thermostat Electrical Usage...
Xiufeng Pang Weather and its dynamics are big drivers of energy usage. Integration of key weather variables - solar, wind, and temperature - into home energy management and demand...
Scintillation probe with photomultiplier tube saturation indicator
A photomultiplier tube saturation indicator is formed by supplying a supplemental light source, typically an light emitting diode (LED), adjacent to the photomultiplier tube. A switch allows the light source to be activated. The light is forwarded to the photomultiplier tube by an optical fiber. If the probe is properly light tight, then a meter attached to the indicator will register the light from the LED. If the probe is no longer light tight, and the saturation indicator is saturated, no signal will be registered when the LED is activated. 2 figs.
A photomultiplier tube saturation indicator is formed by supplying a supplemental light source, typically an light emitting diode (LED), adjacent to the photomultiplier tube. A switch allows the light source to be activated. The light is forwarded to the photomultiplier tube by an optical fiber. If the probe is properly light tight, then a meter attached to the indicator will register the light from the LED. If the probe is no longer light tight, and the saturation indicator is saturated, no signal will be registered when the LED is activated.
Ruch, Jeffrey F. (Bethel Park, PA); Urban, David J. (Glassport, PA)
Crime Indicators
data collection efforts are used to gauge the problem of crime in America. These two data series are intended to measure different aspects of crime, but this point is often lost in the front-page headline summaries of whether crime is �up,� �down, � or about the same. Confusion regarding the two crime indicators is exacerbated when the two data series show substantially different trends, as was the case with the most recent release of data in 2001. For this column, we asked Michael Rand and Callie Rennison of the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics to describe the two national crime indicators and their differences. Their article clearly describes the distinct approaches to measuring crime used by these two data series, and provides a strong justification for maintaining these two approaches to address very distinct policy needs. Just a thought... A previous Window on Washington column from summer 1998 discussed the U.S. Census Bureau�s Small-Area Income and Poverty Estimates Program, which used administrative records and census data in conjunction with Current Population Survey estimates to produce modelbased small-area estimates that incorporated information from all these sources. It would be interesting to see if a similar approach might be used to provide small-area estimates of violent crime, possibly by fitting a regression model to the National Crime Victimization Survey data, using the Uniform Crime Reports and other data as explanatory variables. Such approaches to combine information from the two national crime indicators�continuing efforts to refine inferences from two frequently confused data series�are interesting possibilities for future research.
Daniel Cork; Michael Cohen; Michael R. R; Callie M. Rennison
An empirical analysis of the relationship between web usage and academic performance in undergraduate students
The use of the internet, and in particular web browsing, offers many potential advantages for educational institutions as students have access to a wide range of information previously not available. However, there are potential negative effects due to factors such as time-wasting and asocial behaviour. In this study, we conducted an empirical investigation of the academic performance and the web-usage pattern of 2153 undergraduate students. Data from university proxy logs allows us to examine usage patterns and we compared this data to the students' academic performance. The results show that there is a small but significant (both statistically and educationally) association between heavier web browsing and poorer academic results (lower average mark, higher failure rates). In addition, among good students, the proportion of students who are relatively light users of the internet is significantly greater than would be expected by chance.
Hazelhurst, Scott; Sanders, Ian
Commercialization of gallium nitride nanorod arrays on silicon for solid-state lighting
One important component in energy usage is lighting, which is currently dominated by incandescent and fluorescent lamps. However, due to potentially higher efficiencies and thus higher energy savings, solid-state lighting ...
Wee, Qixun
Usage derived recommendations for a video digital library
We describe a minimalist methodology to develop usage-based recommender systems for multimedia digital libraries. A prototype recommender system based on this strategy was implemented for the Open Video Project, a digital library of videos that are freely ... Keywords: Open Video Project, Recommender systems, Usage analysis, Video
Johan Bollen; Michael L. Nelson; Gary Geisler; Raquel Araujo
A MOOS MODULE FOR MONITORING ENERGY USAGE OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES Anthony Kanago, Kevin Roos, James--Tracking the energy usage of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and making accurate data available provides especially effectively in energy-aware systems, allowing inspection vehicles (which typically travel farther
Idaho, University of
Cloud resource usage: extreme distributions invalidating traditional capacity planning models
For years Capacity Planning professionals knew or suspected that various characteristics of computer usage have non-normal distribution. At the same time much of the traditional workload modeling and forecasting is based on mathematical techniques assuming ... Keywords: capacity planning, power law, probability distributions, resource usage, volatility
Charles Z. Loboz
Towards appliance usage prediction for home energy management
In this paper, we address the problem of predicting the usage of home appliances where a key challenge is to model the everyday routine of homeowners and the inter-dependency between the use of different appliances. To this end, we propose an agent based ... Keywords: home energy management, usage prediction
Ngoc Cuong Truong, Long Tran-Thanh, Enrico Costanza, Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Kansas City Power and Light- Energy Optimizer Programmable Thermostat Program
Kansas City Power and Light (KCP&L) offers a free Honeywell programmable thermostat, worth $300, and free installation to qualifying customers to manage energy usage. Only residential and small...
Kansas City Power & Light- Energy Optimizer Programmable Thermostat Program
Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most...
New York Florida Texas California Energy Information Administration 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Preliminary Housing Characteristics Tables Table HC15.7...
"Table HC9.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Climate Zone...
areas, determined according to the 30-year average (1971-2000) of the annual heating and cooling degree-days. A household is assigned to a climate zone according to the 30-year...
"Table HC9.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Climate Zone...
"Table HC4.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied...
1,"Q","Q","Q","Q","Q","N" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q","Q","N" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,14.2,4,1.3,2.1,6.6,"Q" "Dial-up...
"Table HC10.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
Sleep Mode",1,"Q",0.3,0.4,0.3 "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,12.3,15.3,23.3,16 "Dial-up...
"Table HC7.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Household...
",0.3,"Q",0.5,"Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"N","Q","Q","Q","Q","N","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,7.2,15.1,14.6,10.4,19.6,4.9,14 "Dial-up...
"Table HC8.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural...
Sleep Mode",1,0.3,"Q",0.3,0.3 "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,26.6,11,16.7,12.6 "Dial-up...
"Table HC14.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by West Census...
"Automatic Sleep Mode",1,0.3,"Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,16,4.7,11.3 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,5.4,1.8,3.6...
"Table HC15.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Four Most...
Sleep Mode",1,"N","Q","Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"N","Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,3.7,4.5,4.8,8.2 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,1.2,1.7,...
"Table HC12.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Midwest...
"Automatic Sleep Mode",1,0.3,"Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","Q" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,15.3,10.5,4.8 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,6.9,4.6,2....
"Table HC11.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Northeast...
"Automatic Sleep Mode",1,"Q","Q","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,"Q","Q","N" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,12.3,8.9,3.5 "Dial-up (phone)",26.8,4.3,3.2,1.1...
"Table HC3.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
1,0.9,0.8,"Q","Q","N","Q" "Monitor is Turned Off",0.5,0.3,0.3,"N","N","N","N" "Use of Internet" "Have Access to Internet" "Yes",66.9,52.6,44.8,2.8,1.2,1.4,2.5 "Dial-up...
"Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most...
3,12.3,0.4,1.2,1,0.9 "4 or More",25.8,0.7,2.7,3.2,1.9 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,1.1,0.9,0.9,2.1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,1,1.1,1.2,1.7 "Used...
"Table HC10.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
3,12.3,1.8,3.4,5.3,1.8 "4 or More",25.8,2.8,6.1,13.2,3.8 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,3.5,4.9,6,4.4 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.1,4.1,5.8,3.2 "Used...
"Table HC12.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Midwest Census...
3,12.3,3.4,2.3,1.1 "4 or More",25.8,6.1,3.7,2.3 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.9,3.4,1.5 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,4.1,3,1.1 "Used Only a Few...
"Table HC7.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household...
"4 or More",25.8,2.8,5.8,5.5,3.8,7.9,1.4,5.1 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.2,4.9,4.1,2.1,3.4,2.4,6.3 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.4,3.8,3.3...
"Table HC8.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural...
3,12.3,5,2.1,2.6,2.6 "4 or More",25.8,8.6,4.7,6.7,5.8 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,7.1,3.2,4.3,4.1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,6.3,2.8,3.4,3.7 "Used...
Table HC6.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Number of Household...
... 25.8 4.1 9.3 4.7 4.5 3.2 Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan Used All Summer... 18.7 4.7 6.0 2.9 2.9...
"Table HC14.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census...
3,12.3,1.8,0.7,1.1 "4 or More",25.8,3.8,1.6,2.2 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.4,1.4,2.9 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.2,1,2.2 "Used Only a Few...
"Table HC4.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied...
1,1.1,"Q",0.4,0.5,"Q" "4 or More",25.8,2.1,1.6,"Q","Q","Q","N" "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.1,1.1,"Q",0.9,1.7,"Q" "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.2,1,0.4,0.5,1...
"Table HC9.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Climate Zone...
3,12.3,1.3,2.7,2.9,2.2,3.2 "4 or More",25.8,1.4,5,4.8,5.7,8.9 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,2.3,4.6,4.9,4.3,2.6 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,2,4.1,3.3,3.4,3.4...
"Table HC13.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census...
3,12.3,5.3,2.7,1,1.6 "4 or More",25.8,13.2,6.2,2.3,4.7 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,6,3.6,1,1.3 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,5.8,3.2,0.9,1.6 "Used Only...
"Table HC3.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
"4 or More",25.8,23.7,22.1,0.6,"Q","Q",0.6 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,14.7,12.3,0.8,"Q",0.3,1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,13,11.1,0.7,0.4...
"Table HC11.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast...
3,12.3,1.8,1.3,0.5 "4 or More",25.8,2.8,2.3,0.5 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,3.5,2.6,0.9 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.1,2.4,0.7 "Used Only a...
Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most...
Used at All... 2.9 Q Q Q 0.3 Battery-Operated AppliancesTools Use Battery-Operated AppliancesTools......
Table HC6.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Number of ...
Use Battery-Operated Appliances/Tools..... 54.9 9.9 20.4 9.8 9.0 5.8 Plugged in All the Time..... 10.0 1.8 4.0 1.8 1.6 0.9 Recharged as Needed ...
Use Battery-Operated Appliances/Tools..... 54.9 6.3 12.3 13.4 11.9 11.0 Plugged in All the Time..... 10.0 0.7 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.4 Recharged as Needed ...
"Table HC10.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
"Quite a Bit",12.6,1.2,4.5,4.5,2.4 "All Summer",40.5,3,8.8,24.8,3.9 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,0.6,1.7,2.8,1.4 "No",59.5,5.4,15.6,29.4,9....
"Table HC11.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast...
Needed",11.4,1.6,1.4,0.3 "Quite a Bit",12.6,1.2,1.1,0.1 "All Summer",40.5,3,2.6,0.3 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,0.6,0.5,"Q" "No",59.5,5.4,4.7,0.7 "Someone...
"Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most...
"Quite a Bit",12.6,0.3,0.5,0.9,1.3 "All Summer",40.5,0.4,5.7,5.2,1.2 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,"Q",0.7,0.4,0.6 "No",59.5,1,5.8,6,4.9...
"Table HC13.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census...
"Quite a Bit",12.6,4.5,2.5,0.8,1.2 "All Summer",40.5,24.8,13.4,3.8,7.6 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,2.8,1.8,0.4,0.6 "No",59.5,29.4,15.8,4.8,8....
"Table HC14.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by West Census...
eded",11.4,3.4,0.7,2.7 "Quite a Bit",12.6,2.4,0.8,1.6 "All Summer",40.5,3.9,2.4,1.5 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,1.4,0.6,0.8 "No",59.5,9.1,3.3,5.8 "Someone...
"Table HC4.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied...
a Bit",12.6,2.9,0.5,0.4,0.3,1.6,"Q" "All Summer",40.5,8.1,2.6,0.7,1.2,3.3,0.3 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,0.7,"Q","N","Q",0.3,"N"...
"Table HC12.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Midwest Census...
eded",11.4,3.9,2.8,1.1 "Quite a Bit",12.6,4.5,3.1,1.4 "All Summer",40.5,8.8,5.4,3.4 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,1.7,1,0.7 "No",59.5,15.6,10.3,5.3 "Someone...
"Table HC3.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
"Quite a Bit",12.6,9.7,8.2,0.5,"Q","Q",0.6 "All Summer",40.5,32.3,28.1,1,0.4,0.9,2 "At Home Behavior" "Home Used for Business" "Yes",6.4,5.7,5.1,"Q","Q","Q","Q"...
Table HC2.5 Space Heating Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit ...
No Insulation..... 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.2 Q Don't Know..... 1.7 1.0 0.5 Q Q Home is Too Drafty During the Winter Never ...
Table HC6-1a. Usage Indicators by Climate Zone, | | | 1 | | |
Adequacy of Insulation | Well Insulated..... 42.6 3.8 12.3 10.3 7.2 9.1 | 8.9 Adequately Insulated ...
Table HC6-7a. Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States ...
No Insulation ... Use a Central System..... 58.6 1.3 4.5 6.2 5.9 | 6.3 All Summer ... Cold..... 28.2 1.2 ...
Table HC2.7 Air Conditioning Usage Indicators by Type of ...
Apartments in Buildings Housing With--Units (millions) Single-Family Units Detached Type of Housing Unit ... Adequacy of Insulation Well Insulated ...
Residential energy usage comparison project: An overview
This report provides an overveiw of the residential energy usage comparison project, an integrated load and market research project sponsored by EPRI and the Southern California Edison Company. Traditional studies of the relative energy consumption of electric and gas household appliances have relied on laboratory analyses and computer simulations. This project was designed to study the appliance energy consumption patterns of actual households. Ninety-two households in Orange County, California, southeast of Los Angeles, served as the study sample. Half of the households received new electric space-conditioning, water-heating, cooking, and clothes-drying equipment; the other half received gas equipment. The electric space-conditioning and water-heating appliances were heat pump technologies. All of the appliances were metered to collect load-shape and energy consumption data. The households were also surveyed periodically to obtain information on their energy needs and their acceptance of the appliances. The metered energy consumption data provide an important benchmark for comparing the energy consumption and costs of alternative end-use technologies. The customer research results provide new insights into customer preferences for fuel and appliance types. 15 figs., 3 tabs.
Smith, B.A.; Uhlaner, R.T.; Cason, T.N. (Quantum Consulting, Inc., Berkeley, CA (USA))
Background Overview of Solid-State Lighting
light sources Dramatic changes are unfolding in lighting technology. Semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs), until recently used mainly as simple indicator lamps in...
POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY POWER PLANT WATER USAGE AND LOSS STUDY August 2005 Revised May 2007 Prepared for: The United States Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory DOE Gasification Technology Manager: Gary J. Stiegel DOE Project Manager: James R. Longanbach Project Manager: Michael D. Rutkowski Principal Investigators: Michael G. Klett Norma J. Kuehn Ronald L. Schoff Vladimir Vaysman Jay S. White Power Plant Water Usage and Loss Study i August 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... I LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................................III
Ownership and usage of small passenger vehicles: findings from the 1977 National Personal Transportation Study
This report examines current patterns in the ownership and usage of small vehicles by private households. The analysis was conducted to shed additional light on the market potential for smaller, energy efficient vehicles, in particular, electric cars. The 1977 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristics and the travel and vehicle ownership behavior of US households based on a national probability sample. The issues posed to direct the investigation of small vehicle ownership and use behavior include: the ownership of small vehicles; the proportion of the private vehicle population accounted for by small vehicles; how small and large vehicles compare in terms of physical characteristics and performance and terms of usage; and how small/large vehicle ownership and usage differences are explained by household differences or physical differences in the vehicles themselves. The study's approach to these issues has focused on descriptive data analysis, employing such tools as cross-classification tables, distributions, and graphic displays. (MCW)
Intelligent Light Control using Sensor Networks
Increasing user comfort and reducing operation costs have always been two primary objectives of building operations and control strategies. Current building control strategies are unable to incorporate occupant level comfort and meet the operation goals simultaneously. In this paper, we present a novel utility-based building control strategy that optimizes the tradeo# between meeting user comfort and reduction in operation cost by reducing energy usage. We present an implementation of the proposed approach as an intelligent lighting control strategy that significantly reduces energy cost. Our approach is based on a principled, decision theoretic formulation of the control task. We demonstrate the use of mobile wireless sensor networks to optimize the tradeo # between fulfilling di#erent occupants' light preferences and minimizing energy consumption. We further extend our approach to optimally exploit external light sources for additional energy savings, a process called daylight harvesting. Also we demonstrate that an active sensing approach can maximize the mobile sensor network's lifetime by sensing only during most informative situations. We provide e#cient algorithms for solving the underlying complex optimization problems, and extensively evaluate our proposed approach in a proof-of-concept testbed using MICA2 motes and dimmable lamps. Our results indicate a significant improvement in user utility and reduced energy expenditure.
Vipul Singhvi Civil; Vipul Singhvi; Civil Engineering Dept; James H. Garrett
residential transportation energy usage is vital for theDensity on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption ReferencesDensity on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption UCI-ITS-WP-
Golob, Thomas F; Brownstone, David
the first car. Mid-size car usage also involves the secondTypes Mini cars have approximately average usage. SubcompactCompact cars have greater than average usage only if they
Golob, Thomas F.; Kim, Seyoung K.; Ren, Weiping Willliam
Video game console usage and national energy consumption: Results from a field-metering study
of usage nationwide, we can estimate total national energythe total combined energy use. 3. Average usage over alltotal game console usage, this suggests that an appreciable fraction of console energy
Desroches, Louis-Benoit
on Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption References Bento,Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption UCI-ITS-WP-05-1 Thomason Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Thomas F. Golob
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry.
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry. Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry. Speaker(s): Philip Henderson Date: October 4, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Janie Page There has been much discussion about the use of customer energy usage information to deliver value, such as with benchmarking tools that compare energy use in a building to a peer set, continuous commissioning services that diagnose faults in building systems, and tools that estimate expected savings from upgrades. A utility can use customer information to deliver these kinds of services to its customers directly, but most utilities today do not enable companies to obtain a customer's energy usage information in a systematic, automated way to deliver services to the customer, even if
People are Strange: Current Behavioral Insights into Energy Usage
People are Strange: Current Behavioral Insights into Energy Usage Speaker(s): Susan Mazur-Stommen Date: October 10, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-1099 Seminar HostPoint of Contact:...
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry...
Energy Usage Information: Lessons from the Credit Reporting Industry. Speaker(s): Philip Henderson Date: October 4, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of Contact:...
Electricity Use in California: Past Trends and Present Usage Patterns Speaker(s): Rich Brown Date: May 16, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Was explosive growth in electricity...
Memory Usage Inference for Object-Oriented Programs
We present a type-based approach to statically derive symbolic closed-form formulae that characterize the bounds of heap memory usages of programs written in object-oriented languages. Given a program with size and alias ...
Nguyen, Huu Hai
Usage of Appliances in U - Energy Information Administration
U.S. Households Usage of Appliances in 1997. Household PCs by Year. The number of personal computers (PCs) in U.S. households has risen from zero in 1976, when the ...
UC Libraries Academic e-Book Usage Survey
Usage Study [Q1. Create condition: academic e-book users] 1.Do you use e-books for your academic work? (Select one) a.you generally prefer print books or e-books? (Select one) a.
Li, Chan; Poe, Felicia; Potter, Michele; Quigley, Brian; Wilson, Jacqueline
RECS Propane Usage Form_v1 (Draft).xps
propane usage for this housing unit between September 2008 and April 2010. Delivery Number Enter the Delivery Date for each delivery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Enter the Total Dollar...
FATIGUEPRO: On-Line Fatigue Usage Transient Monitoring System
FATIGUEPRO accurately monitors plant data to calculate actual fatigue usage for critical nuclear plant components. This system should improve plant reliability and contribute to plant life extension by providing a more realistic estimation of fatigue demands.
NanoFab User Facility Usage Fee Schedule
Page 1. NanoFab User Facility Usage Fee Schedule Effective 11/1/09 Tool Full Rate ($/hr) Reduced Rate ($/hr) Base NanoFab Use 60 30 ...
Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Gas
Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Identify Vehicle Usage Mission Constraints for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions October 7, 2013 - 11:46am Addthis YOU ARE HERE: Step 2 As Federal agencies work to identify opportunities for right-sizing the fleet and replacing inefficient vehicles with new, efficient, and/or alternatively fueled models to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, they should flag potential mission constraints associated with vehicle usage. This may involve further data collection to understand the mission considerations associated with individual vehicles. For instance, in Figure 1, Vehicle 004 appears to be underutilized, having both a low user-to-vehicle ratio and a relatively low time in use per day. However,
GE Appliances and Lighting Home Energy Solutions
GE Appliances and Lighting GE Appliances and Lighting Home Energy Solutions Introduction to Devices with Brillion(tm) Technology Portfolio of Products 3 GE Appliances and Lighting All Rights Reserved Brillion(tm) Suite of Home Energy Solutions Nucleus(tm) Smart Meter Other Devices Internet IHD Other Devices PCT Non-Meter Solution GE DRMS GEA Server 4 GE Appliances and Lighting All Rights Reserved Nucleus(tm) energy manager with Brillion(tm) technology Consumers can reduce electric usage by an average of 5% per year. 5 GE Appliances and Lighting All Rights Reserved GE Profile Appliances enabled with Brillion(tm) technology Delayed defrost during peak Delayed starts and temperature adjustments during peak Delayed start until off- peak Reduced energy usage 60%, DR- enabled Reduced wattage during peak When coupled with the Nucleus and a TOU
Light-Light Scattering
For a long time, it is believed that the light by light scattering is described properly by the Lagrangian density obtained by Heisenberg and Euler. Here, we present a new calculation which is based on the modern field theory technique. It is found that the light-light scattering is completely different from the old expression. The reason is basically due to the unphysical condition (gauge condition) which was employed by the QED calcualtion of Karplus and Neumann. The correct cross section of light-light scattering at low energy of $(\\frac{\\omega}{m} \\ll 1)$ can be written as $ \\displaystyle{\\frac{d\\sigma}{d\\Omega}=\\frac{1}{(6\\pi)^2}\\frac{\\alpha^4} {(2\\omega)^2}(3+2\\cos^2\\theta +\\cos^4\\theta)}$.
Kanda, Naohiro
Naohiro Kanda
Exploring Sense of Place Attitudes as Indicators of Travel Behavior
significant in explaining car usage, as expected, positivenegatively towards car usage, and possessing an indifferent
Deutsch, Kate; Goulias, Kostas
characteristics on household residential choice and auto2009. The impact of residential density on vehicle usage and2010-05) The impact of residential density on vehicle usage
Understanding total residential transportation energy usageon Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption total annual fuelUsage and Energy Consumption Gasoline-equivalent gallons per year total
Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Table 2 Housing Unitsresidential vehicular energy consumption is graphed as aon Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption with vehicles, but
The flame quality indicator concept was developed at BNL specifically to monitor the brightness of the flame in a small oil burner and to provide a ''call for service'' notification when the brightness has changed from its setpoint, either high or low. In prior development work BNL has explored the response of this system to operational upsets such as excess air changes, fouled atomizer nozzles, poor fuel quality, etc. Insight Technologies, Inc. and Honeywell, Inc. have licensed this technology from the U.S. Department of Energy and have been cooperating to develop product offerings which meet industry needs with an optimal combination of function and price. Honeywell has recently completed the development of the Flame Quality Monitor (FQM or Honeywell QS7100F). This is a small module which connects via a serial cable to the burners primary operating control. Primary advantages of this approach are simplicity, cost, and ease of installation. Call-for-service conditions are output in the form of front panel indicator lights and contact closure which can trigger a range of external communication options. Under this project a field test was conducted of the FQM in cooperation with service organizations in Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut. At total of 83 field sites were included. At each site the FQM was installed in parallel with another embodiment of this concept--the Insight AFQI. The AFQI incorporates a modem and provides the ability to provide detailed information on the trends in the flame quality over the course of the two year test period. The test site population was comprised of 79.5% boilers, 13.7% warm air furnaces, and 6.8% water heaters. Nearly all were of residential size--with firing rates ranging from 0.6 gallons of oil per hour to 1.25. During the course of the test program the monitoring equipment successfully identified problems including: plugged fuel lines, fouled nozzles, collapsed combustion chambers, and poor fuel pump cut-off. Service organizations can use these early indications to reduce problems and service costs. There were also some ''call-for-service'' indications for which problems were not identified. The test program also showed that monitoring of the flame can provide information on burner run times and this can be used to estimate current oversize factors and to determine actual fuel usage, enabling more efficient fuel delivery procedures.
Andrew M. Rudin; Thomas Butcher; Henry Troost
Market survey: Lighting loggers and occupancy loggers
Six companies in the United States market lighting loggers, a class of devices that includes runtime and time-of-use lighting loggers and occupancy loggers. Runtime loggers are the simplest and least expensive loggers, measuring how long lights remain off or on -- data useful for assessing energy savings of lighting efficiency upgrades. Time-of-use loggers, manufactured by only one company, are more sophisticated and versatile, as well as more expensive. They record when and for how long lights are turned off and on--data useful for energy savings assessments and billing impact studies for buildings with time-of-use rates. Occupancy loggers are marketed by three companies in the United States. These loggers measure how long lights remain on when no one is in the room. Such data is useful for determining potential savings from occupancy sensors. Lighting loggers are most cost-effective when information is needed on lighting usage in individual spaces. Other methods can be more economical when overall lighting usage for a building or an entire floor is all that is needed. The simplicity of the loggers makes them accessible to anyone interested in assessing lighting savings, including end users, utilities, ESCOs, and consultants. But lighting and occupancy loggers are not always the least expensive or best way to assess lighting retrofit savings, and can be misapplied if used without a clear objective and understanding of the loggers` limitations.
Gregerson, J.
2011 Radioactive Materials Usage Survey for Unmonitored Point Sources
This report provides the results of the 2011 Radioactive Materials Usage Survey for Unmonitored Point Sources (RMUS), which was updated by the Environmental Protection (ENV) Division's Environmental Stewardship (ES) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). ES classifies LANL emission sources into one of four Tiers, based on the potential effective dose equivalent (PEDE) calculated for each point source. Detailed descriptions of these tiers are provided in Section 3. The usage survey is conducted annually; in odd-numbered years the survey addresses all monitored and unmonitored point sources and in even-numbered years it addresses all Tier III and various selected other sources. This graded approach was designed to ensure that the appropriate emphasis is placed on point sources that have higher potential emissions to the environment. For calendar year (CY) 2011, ES has divided the usage survey into two distinct reports, one covering the monitored point sources (to be completed later this year) and this report covering all unmonitored point sources. This usage survey includes the following release points: (1) all unmonitored sources identified in the 2010 usage survey, (2) any new release points identified through the new project review (NPR) process, and (3) other release points as designated by the Rad-NESHAP Team Leader. Data for all unmonitored point sources at LANL is stored in the survey files at ES. LANL uses this survey data to help demonstrate compliance with Clean Air Act radioactive air emissions regulations (40 CFR 61, Subpart H). The remainder of this introduction provides a brief description of the information contained in each section. Section 2 of this report describes the methods that were employed for gathering usage survey data and for calculating usage, emissions, and dose for these point sources. It also references the appropriate ES procedures for further information. Section 3 describes the RMUS and explains how the survey results are organized. The RMUS Interview Form with the attached RMUS Process Form(s) provides the radioactive materials survey data by technical area (TA) and building number. The survey data for each release point includes information such as: exhaust stack identification number, room number, radioactive material source type (i.e., potential source or future potential source of air emissions), radionuclide, usage (in curies) and usage basis, physical state (gas, liquid, particulate, solid, or custom), release fraction (from Appendix D to 40 CFR 61, Subpart H), and process descriptions. In addition, the interview form also calculates emissions (in curies), lists mrem/Ci factors, calculates PEDEs, and states the location of the critical receptor for that release point. [The critical receptor is the maximum exposed off-site member of the public, specific to each individual facility.] Each of these data fields is described in this section. The Tier classification of release points, which was first introduced with the 1999 usage survey, is also described in detail in this section. Section 4 includes a brief discussion of the dose estimate methodology, and includes a discussion of several release points of particular interest in the CY 2011 usage survey report. It also includes a table of the calculated PEDEs for each release point at its critical receptor. Section 5 describes ES's approach to Quality Assurance (QA) for the usage survey. Satisfactory completion of the survey requires that team members responsible for Rad-NESHAP (National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants) compliance accurately collect and process several types of information, including radioactive materials usage data, process information, and supporting information. They must also perform and document the QA reviews outlined in Section 5.2.6 (Process Verification and Peer Review) of ES-RN, 'Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Rad-NESHAP Compliance Project' to verify that all information is complete and correct.
Sturgeon, Richard W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Associating Internet usage with depressive behavior among college students
Abstract � Depression is a mental health problem affecting a large population of college students. Since college students are active users of the Internet today, investigating associations between symptoms of depression and Internet usage has been an active area of research. While existing studies do provide critical insights, they are limited due to the fact that Internet usage of subjects is characterized by means of self-reported surveys only. In this paper, we report our findings on a month long experiment conducted at Missouri University of Science and Technology on associating depressive symptoms among college students and Internet usage using real Internet data collected continuously, unobtrusively and preserving privacy. In our study, 216 undergraduates were surveyed for depressive symptoms using the CES-D scale. We then collected their on-campus Internet usage via Cisco NetFlow records. Subsequent analysis revealed that several Internet usage features like average packets per flow, peer-to-peer (octets, packets and duration), chat octets, mail (packets and duration), ftp duration, and remote file octets exhibit a statistically significant correlation with depressive symptoms. Additionally, Mann-Whitney U-tests revealed that average packets per flow, remote file octets, chat (octets, packets and duration) and flow duration entropy demonstrate statistically significant differences in the mean values across groups with and without depressive symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that associates depressive symptoms among college students with continuously collected real Internet data.
Raghavendra Kotikalapudi; Frances Montgomery; Donald Wunsch
The evaluation of scholarly communication items is now largely a matter of expert opinion or metrics derived from citation data. Both approaches can fail to take into account the myriad of factors that shape scholarly impact. Usage data has emerged as a promising complement to existing methods o fassessment but the formal groundwork to reliably and validly apply usage-based metrics of schlolarly impact is lacking. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded MESUR project constitutes a systematic effort to define, validate and cross-validate a range of usage-based metrics of schlolarly impact by creating a semantic model of the scholarly communication process. The constructed model will serve as the basis of a creating a large-scale semantic network that seamlessly relates citation, bibliographic and usage data from a variety of sources. A subsequent program that uses the established semantic network as a reference data set will determine the characteristics and semantics of a variety of usage-based metrics of schlolarly impact. This paper outlines the architecture and methodology adopted by the MESUR project and its future direction.
BOLLEN, JOHAN [Los Alamos National Laboratory; RODRIGUEZ, MARKO A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; VAN DE SOMPEL, HERBERT [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The first phase of development of a wireline cone penetrometer system for multiple tool usage was completed under DOE award number DE-AR26-98FT40366. Cone penetrometer technology (CPT) has received widespread interest and is becoming more commonplace as a tool for environmental site characterization activities at several Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Although CPT already offers many benefits for site characterization, the wireline system can improve CPT technology by offering greater utility and increased cost savings. Currently the use of multiple CPT tools during a site characterization (i.e. piezometric cone, chemical sensors, core sampler, grouting tool) must be accomplished by withdrawing the entire penetrometer rod string to change tools. This results in multiple penetrations being required to collect the data and samples that may be required during characterization of a site, and to subsequently seal the resulting holes with grout. The wireline CPT system allows multiple CPT tools to be interchanged during a single penetration, without withdrawing the CPT rod string from the ground. The goal of the project is to develop and demonstrate a system by which various tools can be placed at the tip of the rod string depending on the type of information or sample desired. Under the base contract, an interchangeable piezocone and grouting tool was designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The results of the evaluation indicate that success criteria for the base contract were achieved. In addition, the wireline piezocone tool was validated against ASTM standard cones, the depth capability of the system was found to compare favorably with that of conventional CPT, and the reliability and survivability of the system were demonstrated.
Stephen P. Farrington; Martin L. Gildea; J. Christopher Bianchi
The use of web structure and content to identify subjectively interesting web usage patterns
The discipline of Web Usage Mining has grown rapidly in the past few years, despite the crash of the e-commerce boom of the late 1990s. Web Usage Mining is the application of data mining techniques to Web clickstream data in order to extract usage patterns. ... Keywords: Data mining, Web usage mining, World Wide Web
Robert Cooley
A practical ontology for the large-scale modeling of scholarly artifacts and their usage
The large-scale analysis of scholarly artifact usage is constrained primarily by current practices in usage data archiving, privacy issues concerned with the dissemination of usage data, and the lack of a practical ontology for modeling the usage domain. ... Keywords: resource description framework and schema, semantic networks, web ontology language
Marko A. Rodriguez; Johan Bollen; Herbert Van de Sompel
Potentials and limits of secondary spectrum usage by CDMA base stations
With the progress of transmission technology and fast growing demand for ubiquitous high speed wireless services, it is clear that the pressure towards more flexibility in usage of limited spectrum will increase. With concept of spectrum sharing, in ... Keywords: primary exclusive region (PER), secondary spectrum usage, secondary usage allowable region (SAR), secondary usage prohibitive region (SPR)
Eun-Hee Shin; Dongwoo Kim
LED Lighting
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources that differ from more traditional sources of light in that they are semiconductor devices that produce light when an electrical current is applied....
Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results |
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Ethanol Usage in Urban Public Transportation - Presentation of Results Agency/Company /Organization: BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport Focus Area: Fuels & Efficiency Topics: Best Practices Website: cenbio.iee.usp.br/download/publicacoes/SAE_BEST_2010.pdf This paper presents the BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport (BEST) project in Brazil, its partners, and the results from the demonstration tests performed in field, as well as the proposals of public policies that were elaborated and are being implemented. The BEST project was implemented in Sao Paulo as well as eight other cities located in Europe and Asia. How to Use This Tool
F (2001) -- Household Natural Gas Usage Form F (2001) -- Household Natural Gas Usage Form OMB No. 1905-0092, Expiring February 29, 2004 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About the Household Natural Gas Usage Form What is the purpose of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey? The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) collects data on energy consumption and expenditures in U.S. housing units. Over 5,000 statistically selected households across the U.S. have already provided information about their household, the physical characteristics of their housing unit, their energy-using equipment, and their energy suppliers. Now we are requesting the energy billing records for these households from each of their energy suppliers. After all this information has been collected, the information will be used to
Definition: Reduced Oil Usage (Not Monetized) | Open Energy Information
Usage (Not Monetized) Usage (Not Monetized) Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Reduced Oil Usage (Not Monetized) The functions that provide this benefit eliminate the need to send a line worker or crew to the switch or capacitor locations to operate them eliminate the need for truck rolls to perform diagnosis of equipment condition, and reduce truck rolls for meter reading and measurement purposes. This reduces the fuel consumed by a service vehicle or line truck. The use of plug-in electric vehicles can also lead to this benefit since the electrical energy used by plug-in electric vehicles displaces the equivalent amount of oil.[1] References ↑ SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Benefits' An LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. inline Glossary Definition
APS Guideline for Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage
Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage Introduction CAT/XSD recognizes that the misuse and improper maintenance of hand tools and portable power tools cause a significant number of injuries to even "experienced" workers. Consequently, CAT/XSD has adopted the following policies and procedures to minimize the hazards associated with the use of such equipment at the APS. These guidelines apply to all use of hand tools and portable power tools by CAT/XSD personnel while performing maintenance or installation activities at the APS. Although CAT/XSD feels that most of the guidelines also apply to tool usage during experimental activities, CAT/XSD will not require that short-term users complete the training described below. Using Tools Safely If you have not had formal training in the use of common tools, either view
Mining Software Usage with the Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD)
Tracking software usage is important for HPC centers, computer vendors, code developers and funding agencies to provide more efficient and targeted software support, and to forecast needs and guide HPC software effort towards the Exascale era. However, accurately tracking software usage on HPC systems has been a challenging task. In this paper, we present a tool called Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD) that has been developed and put in production on several Cray systems. The ALTD infrastructure prototype automatically and transparently stores information about libraries linked into an application at compilation time and also the executables launched in a batch job. We will illustrate the usage of libraries, compilers and third party software applications on a system managed by the National Institute for Computational Sciences.
Hadri, Bilel [ORNL; Fahey, Mark R [ORNL
E (2001) - Household Electricity Usage Form E (2001) - Household Electricity Usage Form OMB No. 1905-0092, Expiring February 29, 2004 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About the Household Electricity Usage Form What is the purpose of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey? The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) collects data on energy consumption and expenditures in U.S. housing units. Over 5,000 statistically selected households across the U.S. have already provided information about their household, the physical characteristics of their housing unit, their energy-using equipment, and their energy suppliers. Now we are requesting the energy billing records for these households from each of their energy suppliers. After all this information has been collected, the information will be used to
Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) | Department of Energy
Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) Water Usage Law, Major Water Users (Missouri) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Municipal/Public Utility Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Systems Integrator Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Water Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State Missouri Program Type Environmental Regulations Provider Missouri Department of Natural Resources Any water user with the capability to withdraw or divert 100,000 gallons or more per day from any stream, river, lake, well, spring or other water source must register and file for a permit for water withdrawal and diversion from the Department of Natural Resources. Additionally, no major
Multiple uses of indicators and indices in cumulative effects assessment and management
Both environmental indicators and multi-metric indices are useful for describing baseline conditions and qualitatively predicting the cumulative consequences of multiple actions. Several examples and case studies associated with indicators and/or indices are presented herein. They can be easily modified for usage in CEAM. Habitat suitability models reflect special indices related to habitat needs and quality for specific species or broad habitat types. Such models have been used to address direct and indirect effects, and with some modification, they can be also used to address cumulative effects of multiple actions. This review has indicated that there are numerous examples of such tools which have been or could be used in both EIA and CEAM. Some key lessons are: (1) in conducting CEAM studies, it is useful to think from the mindset that 'I am the VEC or indicator, and what is my historical and current condition and how have I, or will I, be affected by multiple past, present, and future actions?'; (2) due to the likely absence of detailed information on future actions, the described tools can still be used to 'predict' future conditions by focusing on qualitative up-or-down changes in individual indicators or indices with their aggregated displays; and (3) numerous regional and site-specific tools are currently available, with one example being indices of biological integrity for specific watersheds and water bodies. Such tools, even though they may not have been developed for CEAM usage, can certainly benefit CEAM studies and practice. Finally, usage of selected and appropriate tools as described herein can aid in conducting science-based, systematic, and documentable CEAM studies.
Canter, L.W., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [University of Oklahoma and Environmental Impact Training, Horseshoe Bay, TX (United States); Atkinson, S.F. [Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States)
Types of Lighting in Commercial Buildings - Changes
Changes in Lighting Changes in Lighting The percentage of commercial buildings with lighting was unchanged between 1995 and 2003; however, three lighting types did show change in usage. Compact fluorescent lamps and halogen lamps showed a significant increase between 1995 and 2003 while the use of incandescent lights declined. The lighting questions in the 1995, 1999, and 2003 CBECS questionnaires were virtually identical which facilitates comparison across survey years. The use of compact fluorescent lamps more than doubled, from just under 10 percent of lit buildings to more than 20 percent (Figure 17 and Table 5). The use of halogen lamps nearly doubled, from 7 percent to 13 percent of lit buildings. Use of incandescent lights was the only lighting type to decline; their use dropped from 59 percent to just over one-half of lit buildings.
Traffic characterization and internet usage in rural Africa
While Internet connectivity has reached a significant part of the world's population, those living in rural areas of the developing world are still largely disconnected. Recent efforts have provided Internet connectivity to a growing number of remote ... Keywords: internet usage, interviews, rural networks
David L. Johnson; Veljko Pejovic; Elizabeth M. Belding; Gertjan van Stam
Editorial Style Guide: Word List and General Usage
The EPRI "Editorial Style Guide," together with the Company's "Graphic Standards Guide," provides information for building a strong corporate identity in EPRI publications. Providing lists of frequently used terms, EPRI software, and chemical elements, plus examples of word usage, the style guide can help authors both develop text efficiently and economically and brand EPRI as an integrated, global science and technology company.
Security Implications of Typical Grid Computing Usage Scenarios
Grid Computing consists of a collection of heterogeneous computers and resources spread across multiple administrative domains with the intent of providing users uniform access to these resources. There are many ways to access the resources of a Grid, ... Keywords: Global Grid Forum, Globus, Grid Computing, Legion, computer security, usage scenarios
Marty Humphrey; Mary R. Thompson
Resource usage analysis for a functional language with exceptions
Igarashi and Kobayashi have proposed a general type system for checking whether resources such as files and memory are accessed in a valid manner. Their type system is, however, for call-by-value ?-calculus with resource primitives, and does not ... Keywords: effect system, exception, resource usage analysis, type inference, type system
Futoshi Iwama; Atsushi Igarashi; Naoki Kobayashi
Forecasting multi-appliance usage for smart home energy management
We address the problem of forecasting the usage of multiple electrical appliances by domestic users, with the aim of providing suggestions about the best time to run appliances in order to reduce carbon emissions and save money (assuming time-of-use ...
Ngoc Cuong Truong, James McInerney, Long Tran-Thanh, Enrico Costanza, Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Identifying and Testing the Inhibitors of Technology Usage Intentions
An important area of information systems (IS) research has been the identification of the individual-level beliefs that enable technology acceptance such as the usefulness, reliability, and flexibility of a system. This study posits the existence of ... Keywords: inhibitors, nonacceptance, technology rejection, usage intentions
Ronald T. Cenfetelli; Andrew Schwarz
Exploiting Service Usage Information for Optimizing Server Resource Management
It is often difficult to tune the performance of modern component-based Internet services because: (1) component middleware are complex software systems that expose several independently tuned server resource management mechanisms; (2) session-oriented ... Keywords: Internet application, client behavior, component middleware, optimization, quality-of-service, server resource management, service usage information
Alexander Totok; Vijay Karamcheti
Fuel bundle design for enhanced usage of plutonium fuel
A nuclear fuel bundle includes a square array of fuel rods each having a concentration of enriched uranium and plutonium. Each rod of an interior array of the rods also has a concentration of gadolinium. The interior array of rods is surrounded by an exterior array of rods void of gadolinium. By this design, usage of plutonium in the nuclear reactor is enhanced.
Reese, Anthony P. (San Jose, CA); Stachowski, Russell E. (Fremont, CA)
Designation of facility usage categories for Hanford Site facilities
This report summarizes the Hanford Site methodology used to ensure facility compliance with the natural phenomena design criteria set forth in the US Department of Energy Orders and guidance. The current Hanford Site methodology for Usage Category designation is based on an engineered feature's safety function and on the feature's assigned Safety Class. At the Hanford Site, Safety Class assignments are deterministic in nature and are based on teh consequences of failure, without regard to the likelihood of occurrence. The report also proposes a risk-based approach to Usage Category designation, which is being considered for future application at the Hanford Site. To establish a proper Usage Category designation, the safety analysis and engineering design processes must be coupled. This union produces a common understanding of the safety function(s) to be accomplished by the design feature(s) and a sound basis for the assignment of Usage Categories to the appropriate systems, structures, and components. 4 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Woodrich, D.D.; Ellingson, D.R.; Scott, M.A.; Schade, A.R.
Determine Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Gas
Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions Determine Vehicle Usage and Refueling Trends to Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions October 7, 2013 - 11:42am Addthis YOU ARE HERE Step 2 Once a Federal agency has identified its most important mobile greenhouse gas (GHG) emission sources overall, it can work with individual sites to determine vehicle usage and refueling trends. Agencies can compare the results of this analysis to internal standards and requirements to identify GHG mitigation opportunities for assets that are underperforming or underutilized. Two examples of this type of analysis focus on: Alternative fuel consumption Vehicle utilization. Figure 1 - An image of a vertical, stacked bar chart titled 'Alternative Fuel Use in AFVs.' The frequency data axis is labeled 'Gallons of Gasoline Equivalent' with a scale of 0-1,400,000 in increments of 200,000. The stacked bar labeled 'CNG Dual Fuel Vehicles' shows CNG from 0-300,000 gallons and Gasoline from 300,000-800,000 gallons. The stacked bar labeled 'E-85 Flex Fuel Vehicles' shows E85 from 0-1,000,000 gallons and Gasoline from 1,000,000-1,250,000 gallons.
Lighting Techniques
...Lighting is very critical in photography. The specimen should be placed on a background which will not detract from the resolution of the fracture surface. For basic lighting, one spotlight is suggested. The light is then raised or lowered, and
General Light Metals
Mar 3, 2011 ... A detailed literature survey indicates that vacuum sintering is able to produce ... In recent years, there is a high demand for light-weight metals foams. ... Each powder mixture's composition is determined by response surface�...
Lighting Research Center Lighting Products
... 12) Solid State Lighting Luminaires - Color Characteristic Measurements. [22/S04] IES LM-16:1993 Practical Guide to Colorimetry of Light Sources. ...
Lighting Group: Light Distribution Systems
Retrofit Alternatives to Incandescent Downlights Hotel and Institutional Bathroom Lighting Portable Office Lighting Systems Low Glare Outdoor Retrofit Luminaire LED Luminaires...
Kenworthy (1989a). Gasoline consumption and cities. Journalon Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption References Bento,Vehicle Usage and Energy Consumption UCI-ITS-WP-05-1 Thomas
Towards sustainable material usage : time-dependent evaluation of upgrading technologies for recycling
As consumption in the US grows, so does concern about sustainable materials usage. Increasing recycling is a key component within a broad arsenal of strategies for moving towards sustainable materials usage. There are many ...
Gaustad, Gabrielle G
Residential hot water usage: A review of published metered studies. Topical report, August-December 1994
The report presents a review of residential hot water usage studies. The studies included were published and publicly available, they measured actual hot water usage or energy usage, and they had sufficient demographic information to determine the number of people per household. The available hot water usage data were normalized to a 135 F setpoint temperature to eliminate the variations in usage caused by different water heater thermostat settings. Typical hot water usage as a function of family size was determined from linear regression analyses of the normalized metered studies` data points. A national average hot water usage of 53 gallons per day was determined from the regression analyses and census data on average household size. The review of metered studies also shows that there is no discernible difference in hot water usage for households with either electric or gas water heaters.
Paul, D.D.; Ide, B.E.; Hartford, P.A.
Audit Report on "Credit Card Usage at the Ohio Field Office and...
Report on "Credit Card Usage at the Ohio Field Office and the Fernald and Miamisburg Environmental Management Projects," ER-B-99-04 Audit Report on "Credit Card Usage at the Ohio...
A nuclear fuel bundle includes a square array of fuel rods each having a concentration of enriched uranium and plutonium. Each rod of an interior array of the rods also has a concentration of gadolinium. The interior array of rods is surrounded by an exterior array of rods void of gadolinium. By this design, usage of plutonium in the nuclear reactor is enhanced. 10 figs.
Reese, A.P.; Stachowski, R.E.
Outlaw lighting
Demand-side management programs by utilities and the federal government`s Green Lights program have made significant inroads in promoting energy-efficient lighting. But the Energy Policy Act now prohibits certain types of lighting. This article provides analysis to help architects determine new lamp performance compared with older lighting products.
Bryan, H.
Red Storm usage model :Version 1.12.
Red Storm is an Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) funded massively parallel supercomputer located at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The Red Storm Usage Model (RSUM) documents the capabilities and the environment provided for the FY05 Tri-Lab Level II Limited Availability Red Storm User Environment Milestone and the FY05 SNL Level II Limited Availability Red Storm Platform Milestone. This document describes specific capabilities, tools, and procedures to support both local and remote users. The model is focused on the needs of the ASC user working in the secure computing environments at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and SNL. Additionally, the Red Storm Usage Model maps the provided capabilities to the Tri-Lab ASC Computing Environment (ACE) requirements. The ACE requirements reflect the high performance computing requirements for the ASC community and have been updated in FY05 to reflect the community's needs. For each section of the RSUM, Appendix I maps the ACE requirements to the Limited Availability User Environment capabilities and includes a description of ACE requirements met and those requirements that are not met in that particular section. The Red Storm Usage Model, along with the ACE mappings, has been issued and vetted throughout the Tri-Lab community.
Jefferson, Karen L.; Sturtevant, Judith E.
console usage and national energy consumption: Results fromNational Energy Consumption .Discussion National Energy Consumption Under the assumption
Energy Efficiency Through Lighting Upgrades
Lighting upgrades including neon to LED, incandescent to CFL's and T-12 to T-8 and T-5's were completed through this grant. A total of 16 Chickasaw nation facilities decreased their carbon footprint because of these grant funds. Calculations used were based on comparing the energy usage from the previous year�?¢�?�?�?�?s average and the current energy usage. For facilities without a full year's set of energy bills, the month after installation was compared to the same month from the previous year. Overall, the effect the lighting change-outs had for the gaming centers and casinos far exceeded expectations. For the Madill Gaming Center; both an interior and exterior upgrade was performed which resulted in a 31% decrease in energy consumption. This same reduction was seen in every facility that participated in the grant. Just by simply changing out light bulbs to newer energy efficient equivalents, a decrease in energy usage can be achieved and this was validated by the return on investment seen at Chickasaw Nation facilities. Along with the technical project tasks were awareness sessions presented at Chickasaw Head Starts. The positive message of environmental stewardship was passed down to head start students and passed along to Chickasaw employees. Excitement was created in those that learned what they could do to help reduce their energy bills and many followed through and took the idea home. For a fairy low cost, the general public can also use this technique to lower their energy consumption both at home and at work. Although the idea behind the project was somewhat simple, true benefits have been gained through environmental awareness and reductions of energy costs.
Kara Berst; Maria Howeth
Leveraging usage similarity for effective retrieval of examples in code repositories
Developers often learn to use APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) by looking at existing examples of API usage. Code repositories contain many instances of such usage of APIs. However, conventional information retrieval techniques fail to perform ... Keywords: api usage, code search, software information retrieval, ssi, structural semantic indexing
Sushil K. Bajracharya; Joel Ossher; Cristina V. Lopes
An Empirical Analysis of User Content Generation and Usage Behavior on the Mobile Internet
We quantify how user mobile Internet usage relates to unique characteristics of the mobile Internet. In particular, we focus on examining how the mobile-phone-based content generation behavior of users relates to content usage behavior. The key objective ... Keywords: content generation, content usage, geographical mobility, identification, interdependence, mobile Internet, social networks
Anindya Ghose; Sang Pil Han
"Same same but different" how service contexts of mobile technologies shape usage motives and barriers
As wireless technologies evolve, mobile technologies and services will increasingly affect our lives, accompanied by positive and negative effects. This development requires a high acceptance of users to the presence of mobile services in various usage ... Keywords: ICT, acceptance, medical technologies, system design, usage barriers, usage motives
Katrin Arning; Sylvia Gaul; Martina Ziefle
HPC Usage Behavior Analysis and Performance Estimation with Machine Learning Techniques
Most researchers with little high performance computing (HPC) experience have difficulties productively using the supercomputing resources. To address this issue, we investigated usage behaviors of the world s fastest academic Kraken supercomputer, and built a knowledge-based recommendation system to improve user productivity. Six clustering techniques, along with three cluster validation measures, were implemented to investigate the underlying patterns of usage behaviors. Besides manually defining a category for very large job submissions, six behavior categories were identified, which cleanly separated the data intensive jobs and computational intensive jobs. Then, job statistics of each behavior category were used to develop a knowledge-based recommendation system that can provide users with instructions about choosing appropriate software packages, setting job parameter values, and estimating job queuing time and runtime. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed recommendation system, which included 127 job submissions by users from different research fields. Great feedback indicated the usefulness of the provided information. The average runtime estimation accuracy of 64.2%, with 28.9% job termination rate, was achieved in the experiments, which almost doubled the average accuracy in the Kraken dataset.
Zhang, Hao [ORNL; You, Haihang [ORNL; Hadri, Bilel [ORNL; Fahey, Mark R [ORNL
Automatic lighting controls demonstration: Long-term results
An advanced electronically ballasted lighting control system was installed in a portion of an office building to measure the energy and demand savings. The lighting control system used an integrated lighting control scenario that included daylight following, lumen depreciation correction, and scheduling. The system reduced lighting energy on weekdays by 62% and 51% in the north and south daylit zones, respectively, compared to a reference zone that did not have controls. During the summer, over 75% energy savings were achieved on weekdays in the north daylit zone. Even in the south interior zone, which benefitted lime from daylight, correction strategies and adjustment of the aisleway lights to a low level resulted in energy use of only half that of the reference zone. Although, in general, the savings varied over the year due to changing daylight conditions, the energy reduction achieved with controls could be fit using a simple analytical model. Significant savings also occurred during core operating hours when it is more expensive to supply and use energy. Compared to the usage in the reference zone, energy reductions of 49%, 44%, and 62% were measured in the south daylight, south interior, and north daylight zones, respectively, during core operating hours throughout the year. Lighting energy usage on weekends decreased dramatically in the zones with controls, with the usage in the north daylit zone only 10% that of the reference zone. A simple survey developed to assess occupant response to the lighting control system showed that the occupants were satisfied with the light levels provided.
Rubinstein, F. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
The large-scale analysis of scholarly artifact usage is constrained primarily by current practices in usage data archiving, privacy issues concerned with the dissemination of usage data, and the lack of a practical ontology for modeling the usage domain. As a remedy to the third constraint, this article presents a scholarly ontology that was engineered to represent those classes for which large-scale bibliographic and usage data exists, supports usage research, and whose instantiation is scalable to the order of 50 million articles along with their associated artifacts (e.g. authors and journals) and an accompanying 1 billion usage events. The real world instantiation of the presented abstract ontology is a semantic network model of the scholarly community which lends the scholarly process to statistical analysis and computational support. They present the ontology, discuss its instantiation, and provide some example inference rules for calculating various scholarly artifact metrics.
RODRIGUEZ, MARKO A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; BOLLEN, JOHAN [Los Alamos National Laboratory; VAN DE SOMPEL, HERBERT [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Lighting Controls
corridors. The overall range of savings was six to 80 percent. The Advanced Lighting Guidelines On-Line Edition New Buildings Institute 2011 presents a table of lighting energy...
Use of nanofiltration to reduce cooling tower water usage.
Nanofiltration (NF) can effectively treat cooling-tower water to reduce water consumption and maximize water usage efficiency of thermoelectric power plants. A pilot is being run to verify theoretical calculations. A side stream of water from a 900 gpm cooling tower is being treated by NF with the permeate returning to the cooling tower and the concentrate being discharged. The membrane efficiency is as high as over 50%. Salt rejection ranges from 77-97% with higher rejection for divalent ions. The pilot has demonstrated a reduction of makeup water of almost 20% and a reduction of discharge of over 50%.
Sanchez, Andres L.; Everett, Randy L.; Jensen, Richard Pearson; Cappelle, Malynda A.; Altman, Susan Jeanne
FPGA curved track fitter with very low resource usage
Standard least-squares curved track fitting process is tailored for FPGA implementation. The coefficients in the fitting matrices are carefully chosen so that only shift and accumulation operations are used in the process. The divisions and full multiplications are eliminated. Comparison in an application example shows that the fitting errors of the low resource usage implementation are less than 4% bigger than the fitting errors of the exact least-squares algorithm. The implementation is suitable for low-cost, low-power applications such as high energy physics detector trigger systems.
Wu, Jin-Yuan; Wang, M.; Gottschalk, E.; Shi, Z.; /Fermilab
Research and development opportunities for improved transportation energy usage. (REDOTEUS)
The document is a draft of the final report of the Transportation Energy Panel (TEP) prepared for the Office of Science and Technology. The report attempts to assess the relevant technology for improving the usage by the transportation sector of the energy resources of the nation. In pursuit of its study, TEP sponsored several workshops, briefings, and coordination meetings which had personnel from a variety of Federal, academic, and industrial organizations. Emphasis was given both to transportation demands and to relevant technology assessment. (GRA)
Shape the light, light the shape - lighting installation in performance.
??This thesis investigates the lighting design theory Light Inside Out, which is the technique of shaping light toward a creation of lighting installation in performance� (more)
Yu, Lih-Hwa, 1972-
Lighting Systems
Purple LED lamp Purple LED lamp Lighting Systems Lighting research is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of lighting systems in buildings and homes across the nation. The goal is to reduce lighting energy consumption by 50% over twenty years by improving the efficiency of light sources, and controlling and delivering illumination so that it is available, where and when needed, and at the required intensity. Research falls into four main areas: Sources and Ballasts, Light Distribution Systems, Controls and Communications, and Human Factors. Contacts Francis Rubinstein email@example.com (510) 486-4096 Links Lighting Research Group Batteries and Fuel Cells Buildings Energy Efficiency Applications Commercial Buildings Cool Roofs and Heat Islands Demand Response Energy Efficiency Program and Market Trends
Exploring Lighting Spaces
We present a simple system for interactively specifying lighting parameters, including position, for high-quality image synthesis. Unlikeinverse approaches to the lighting-design problem, we do not require the user to indicate a priori the desired illuminative characteristics of an image. In our approach the computer proposes, culls, and organizes a set of candidate lights automatically, using an elementary measure of image similarityasthe basis for both culling and organization. The user then browses the set of candidate-light images, selects which lights to include, and combines them as desired. This work is a particular instance of a general strategy --- sampling a design space broadly and intelligently and organizing the results for rapid browsing by the user --- that may be applicable to many other design problems in computer graphics.
T. Kang; J. Seims; J. Marks; S. Shieber
Woodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2011 I Hudson Consulting I September 2011
Recycled fibre Energy crops, forest residues and tree stumps The first reports on wood fuel usage data hadWoodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2011 I Hudson Consulting I September 2011 Woodfuel Demand and Usage in Scotland Report 2011 #12;Woodfuel Usage Update 2 I Wood fuel use in Scotland
Thermal indicator for wells
Minute durable plate-like thermal indicators are employed for precision measuring static and dynamic temperatures of well drilling fluids. The indicators are small enough and sufficiently durable to be circulated in the well with drilling fluids during the drilling operation. The indicators include a heat resistant indicating layer, a coacting meltable solid component and a retainer body which serves to unitize each indicator and which may carry permanent indicator identifying indicia. The indicators are recovered from the drilling fluid at ground level by known techniques.
Gaven, Jr., Joseph V. (Oakton, VA); Bak, Chan S. (Newbury Park, CA)
Demonstration Assessment of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Residential Downlights and Undercabinet Lights in the Lane County Tour of Homes, Eugene, Oregon
In August 2008 the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted a light emitting diode (LED) residential lighting demonstration project for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Building Technologies, as part of DOE�s Solid State Lighting (SSL) Technology Demonstration Gateway Program. Two lighting technologies, an LED replacement for downlight lamps (bulbs) and an LED undercabinet lighting fixture, were tested in the demonstration which was conducted in two homes built for the 2008 Tour of Homes in Eugene, Oregon. The homes were built by the Lane County Home Builders Association (HBA), and Future B Homes. The Energy Trust of Oregon (ETO) also participated in the demonstration project. The LED downlight product, the LR6, made by Cree LED Lighting Solutions acts as a screw-in replacement for incandescent and halogen bulbs in recessed can downlights. The second product tested is Phillips/Color Kinetics� eW� Profile Powercore undercabinet fixture designed to mount under kitchen cabinets to illuminate the countertop and backsplash surfaces. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of light performance and electrical power usage were taken at each site before and after initially installed halogen and incandescent lamps were replaced with the LED products. Energy savings and simple paybacks were also calculated and builders who toured the homes were surveyed for their responses to the LED products. The LED downlight product drew 12 Watts of power, cutting energy use by 82% compared to the 65W incandescent lamp and by 84% compared to the 75W halogen lamp. The LED undercabinet fixture drew 10 watts, cutting energy use by 83% to 90% compared to the halogen product, which was tested at two power settings: a low power 60W setting and a high power 105W setting. The LED downlight consistently provided more light than the halogen and incandescent lamps in horizontal measurements at counter height and floor level. It also outperformed in vertical illuminance measurements taken on the walls, indicating better lateral dispersion of the light. The undercabinet fixture�s light output was midway between the low and high power halogen undercabinet fixture light outputs (35.8 foot candle versus 13.4 fc and 53.4 fc) but it produced a more uniform light (max/min ratio of 7.0 versus 10.8). The color correlated temperature (CCT, the blue or yellowness) of the LED light correlated well with the halogen and incandescent lights (2675 K vs 2700 K). The color rendering of the LED downlight also correlated well at 92 CRI compared to 100 CRI for the halogen and incandescent lamps. The LED undercabinet fixture had measures of 2880 K CCT and 71 CRI compared to the 2700 K and 100 CRI scores for the halogen undercabinet fixture. Builders who toured the homes were surveyed; they gave the LED downlight high marks for brightness, said the undercabinet improved shadows and glare and said both products improved overall visibility, home appearance, and home value. Paybacks on the LED downlight ranged from 7.6 years (assuming electricity cost of 11 c/kWh) to 13.5 years (at 5C/kWh). Paybacks on the LED undercabinet fixture in a new home ranged from 4.4 years (11c/kWh electricity) to 7.6 years (5c/kWh) based on product costs of $95 per LED downlight and $140 per LED undercabinet fixture at 3 hrs per day of usage for the downlight and 2 hrs per day for the undercabinet lighting.
Ton, My K.; Richman, Eric E.; Gilbride, Theresa L.
Commercial Lighting and LED Lighting Incentives
Incentives for energy efficient commercial lighting equipment as well as commercial LED lighting equipment are available to businesses under the Efficiency Vermont Lighting and LED Lighting...
The Power to Change: Sustainable Electricity Usage in
) Light Bulb Exchange program: replaces inefficient incandescent bulbs with integrated compact fluorescent Lighting Project - The UHC (University Housing Council) and the CCSC (Columbia College Student Council bulbs Watt and Woodbridge residence halls Bulbs - 15X longer, save $38,000 in energy cost and 446
A ranking and exploration service based on large-scale usage data
This poster presents the architecture and user interface of a prototype service that was designed to allow end-users to explore the s tructure of science and perform assessments of scholarly impact on the basis of large-scale usage data. The underlying usage data set was constructed by the NIESUR project which collected 1 billion usage events from a wide range of publishers, aggregators and institutional consortia.
Bollen, Johan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Van De Sompel, Herbert L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balakireva, Lyudmila L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chute, Ryan M [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Department of Energy Federal Acquisition Regulation Clause Usage Guide
Type of Contract: FP SUP Fixed-Price Supply CR SUP Cost-Reimbursement Supply FP SVC Fixed-Price Service CR SVC Cost Reimbursement Service FP CON Fixed-Price Construction CR CON Cost Reimbursement Construction T&M LH Time & Material, Labor Hours FP A-E Fixed Price Architect-Engineer CR A-E Cost Reimbursement Architect-Engineer Comm. Items Commercial Items M&O Management & Operating Other Fac. Mgmt. Other Facility Management SAP Simplified Acquisition Procedures Clause Usage R Required A Required When Applicable NA Not Applicable Provision or Clause (Click on clause number to see its text and prescription FP Sup. CR Sup. FP Serv. Cost Serv. FP Cons. Cost Cons. T&M. L.H. FP A- E Cost A-E Com. Items. M&O Other
Trends in Building Energy Usage in Texas State Agencies
In late 1983, a cost containment program was initiated out of the governor's office directed at the major state agencies. The Energy Management Group at Texas A&M University provided technical expertise in obtaining agency energy usage and cost figures for the fiscal years 1981 to 1983. While there is considerable diversity from agency to agency, the trend is toward dramatically higher energy cost per square foot for virtually all agencies. This alarming trend can be partially explained by rising unit costs for gas and electricity and a lack of incentives for conservation efforts due to the method of utility budget allocations. A building standard signed into law in 1976 could have reduced energy consumption, but was never enforced. Beginning in fiscal year 1986, universities will be allowed to comingle utility money with capital operating money so that conservation can really pay off for them.
Murphy, W. E.; Turner, W. D.; O'Neal, D. L.; Seshan, S.
Commercial Building HVAC Energy Usage in Semi-Tropical Climates
The design of heating and cooling equipment in semi-tropical climates presents some design considerations and limitations not so prevalent in temperate climates. In some cases, the heating season may be non-existent for all practical purposes. Another consideration is the high ventilation loads due to cooling the moist air prevalent in semi-tropical climates. This paper describes a computer program which assesses all the pertinent variables which comprise the annual heating and cooling energy requirements for commercial buildings. It is then suggested that this computer program would be valuable in determining the changes one could expect in annual energy usage by varying certain building design parameters. Secondly, a small office building actually constructed in Central Florida in which the author designed the Heating and Cooling HVAC system is described. Tradeoffs are presented showing the effects of changes in these building design parameters.
Worbs, H. E.
Comparison of Bandwidth Usage: Service Location Protocol and Jini
Recently there has been an increase in the development of technologies for resource discovery, since for example, resources such as printers, mail boxes, memory space, and disk space are available in every network, ready to be used for any host. This has been caused, in part, by the growth in the popularity of portable devices such as laptops, PDAs, and cell phones which require configuration each time they attach to a new network segment. Since the configuration of such devices is tedious and sometimes complicated, there have been some attempts in past years to solve this problem, such as the DHCP approach. This paper focuses on the bandwidth analysis of two new approaches for dealing with resource discovery: the Service Location Protocol (SLP) and Jini. This work is particularly important since the communication among the devices is often wireless, whereas bandwidth is a limited resource. We present equations for characterizing the usage of bandwidth made by SLP and Jini, bas...
Javier Govea; Michel Barbeau
A Computational Grid is a collection of heterogeneous computers and resources spread across multiple administrative domains with the intent of providing users uniform access to these resources. There are many ways to access the resources of a Computational Grid, each with unique security requirements and implications for both the resource user and the resource provider. A comprehensive set of Grid usage scenarios are presented and analyzed with regard to security requirements such as authentication, authorization, integrity, and confidentiality. The main value of these scenarios and the associated security discussions are to provide a library of situations against which an application designer can match, thereby facilitating security-aware application use and development from the initial stages of the application design and invocation. A broader goal of these scenarios are to increase the awareness of security issues in Grid Computing.
Humphrey, Marty; Thompson, Mary R.
Skin Effect of Hf-Rich Melts and Some Aspects in its Usage for Hf ...
USAGE FOR Hf-CONTAINING. CAST NICKEL- ... of advanced gas turbines. ... were polished by metallo- graphy and then melted by tungsten inert gas(TIG).
and energy savings potential of video game consoles in thethe energy efficiency of video game consoles. NaturalVideo game console usage and national energy consumption:
Availability, usage and expected contribution of potential nursery habitats for the California halibut
of a damsel?sh re?ect availability of suitable habitat.locate/ecss Availability, usage and expected contribution ofthe spatial coverage (availability) of all potential nursery
Fodrie, Fredrick Joel; Mendoza, Guillermo F.
DC. Steiner, R.L. (1994). Residential density and traveland Brownstone The Impact of Residential Density on VehicleUsage Total annual residential vehicular energy consumption
Kenworthy (1989a). Gasoline consumption and cities. JournalVehicle Usage and Energy Consumption Table 2 Housing Unitsvehicular energy consumption is graphed as a function of
Git usage � FiPy 3.0.1-dev157-g518df83 documentation
... Join our mailing list. 100 Bureau Drive, M/S 6555 Gaithersburg, MD 20899 301-975-5329 Telephone 301-975-4553 Facsimile. Git usage�. ...
Energy Usage Evaluation and Condition Monitoring for Electric Machines using Wireless Sensor Networks.
??Energy usage evaluation and condition monitoring for electric machines are important in industry for overall energy savings. Traditionally these functions are realized only for large� (more)
Lu, Bin
Loggers: A low-cost way to verify lighting retrofit savings
Energy professionals involved in energy efficient lighting retrofits have long known that estimates of kWh savings are questionable when based on engineering assumptions, rules of thumb, and the occupants` best guess about current lighting usage. Obtaining actual usage data on a before-and-after lighting retrofit basis has traditionally been either a dream or a very expensive proposition involving hard-wired electrical meters. In addition to the high cost of hard-wired electrical metering, the extra time required to hire a licensed electrician to perform the work often led to unacceptable project delays. Now the dilemma of questionable data vs. the high cost of metering has been resolved by a class of devices called lighting loggers. They are small, usually about 2.5 x 5 x 10 cm (1 x 2 x 4 inches) or less, battery-powered instruments capable of detecting when a given luminaire`s usage. Lighting loggers come with various capabilities and built-in functions. Knowing the types of data required for analysis in advance is fundamental in selecting the right lighting logger. Lighting loggers are most cost-effective when used to obtain information about lighting usage in many different rooms of a building.
Borg, N. [International Association of Energy-Efficient Lighting, Stockholm (Sweden); Manclark, B. [Delta-T, Inc., Eugene, OR (United States)
Northern Lights
Northern Lights Northern Lights Nature Bulletin No. 178-A February 6, 1965 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Seymour Simon, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation NORTHERN LIGHTS To a person seeing the Aurora Borealis or "northern lights" for the first time, it is an uncanny awe-inspiring spectacle. Sometimes it begins as a glow of red on the northern horizon, ominously suggesting a great fire, gradually changing to a curtain of violet-white, or greenish-yellow light extending from east to west. Some times this may be transformed to appear as fold upon fold of luminous draperies that march majestically across the sky; sometimes as a vast multitude of gigantic flaming swords furiously slashing at the heavens; sometimes as a flowing crown with long undulating colored streamers fanning downward and outward.
Alternative Solar Indices
Possible alternative Solar Indices which could either be a perturbation from the currently defined Solar Index or possible indices based on current technologies for other media markets are discussed. An overview is given of the current project, including the logic that was utilized in defining its current structure and then alternative indices and definitions are presented and finally, recommendations are made for adopting alternative indices.
Lantz, L.J.
Light Organizing/Organizing Light [Light in Place
a street through alter� nating areas of dark and light, welandscapes, streets and squares. Light summons our spiritfor changing light, both outside rooms (such as streets and
Schwartz, Martin
Moisture-sensitive systems to measure and indicate the maximum level of humidity exposure are discussed. A chemical indicator utilizing deliquescent salts and water-soluble dyes provides an irreversible color change at discrete levels of relative humidity. To provide indication of the time at which the exposure occurs, a circuit employing a resistive-type sensor was developed. A small, commercially available sensor is used in a portable probe to detect humidity leaks into controlled areas.
Abel, W B
Synonymous Codon Usage in Escherichia coli: Selection for Translational Nina Stoletzki* and Adam Eyre-Walker
usage. Genetics. 129:897907. Bu¨rger R, Willensdorfer M, Nowak MA. 2006. Why are pheno- typic mutationSynonymous Codon Usage in Escherichia coli: Selection for Translational Accuracy Nina Stoletzki that produce non- or misfunctional proteins are costly to the cell because they consume amino acids and energy
Eyre-Walker, Adam
Using historical accounting information to predict the resource usage of grid jobs
Basing job scheduling decisions on estimated queue wait times may help in efficiently balancing the workload on the grid. Previous work on usage prediction has mainly described methods for the estimation of queue wait times on clusters and supercomputers, ... Keywords: Grid accounting, Resource usage prediction, Workload analysis
Rosario M. Piro; Andrea Guarise; Giuseppe Patania; Albert Werbrouck
Summarizing observational client-side data to reveal web usage patterns
Client-side event logs may reveal patterns of usage of Web pages. Nevertheless, extracting useful and novel information from this voluminous data set is a challenge for evaluation tools, since a few minutes simple task may result in a sequence of hundreds ... Keywords: client-side event logs, usage patterns, websites evaluation tool
Vagner Figuer�do de Santana; M. Cec�lia C. Baranauskas
Towards purpose enforcement model for privacy-aware usage control policy in distributed healthcare
Enforcing the purpose of data usage means to ensure that data are used as it intends for and that excessive usage cannot happen. In general, the enforcement of purpose is a complicated task. The main difficulty is to identify the purpose of an agent ...
Annanda Thavymony Rath; Jean-No�l Colin
Reducing Energy Usage of NULL Convention Logic Circuits using NULL Cycle Reduction
in approximately 25% overall lower energy usage. Keywords: asynchronous circuits; NULL Convention Logic (NCL); NULLReducing Energy Usage of NULL Convention Logic Circuits using NULL Cycle Reduction Combined with Supply Voltage Scaling Brett Sparkman and Scott C. Smith Department of Electrical Engineering, University
Smith, Scott C.
Performance indicators - TMS
Feb 17, 2009 ... Low energy consumption (MWh/t) ... 1) Define individual performance indicators. 2) Develop .... Required to face Alma high intensity low energy�...
Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts
Market-Based Programs Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: LED Lighting Facts on AddThis.com... LED Lighting Facts CALiPER Program Standards Development Technical Information Network Gateway Demonstrations Municipal Consortium Design Competitions LED Lighting Facts LED lighting facts - A Program of the U.S. DOE DOE's LED Lighting Facts® program showcases LED products for general
Battery condition indicator
A battery condition indicator is described for indicating both the charge used and the life remaining in a rechargeable battery comprising: rate multiplying and counting means for indirectly measuring the charge useed by the battery between charges; means for supplying variable rate clock pulse to the rate multiplying and counting means, the rate of the clock pulses being a function of whether a high current consumption load is connected to the battery or not; timing means for measuring the total time in service of the battery; charge used display means responsive to the rate multiplying and counting means for providing an indication of the charge remaining in the battery; and age display means responsive to the timing means for providing an indication of the life or age of the battery.
Fernandez, E.A.
Irreversible humidity indicator
This patent relates to a humidity indicator having particles of colored dye distributed over the surface of a dry, deliquescent salt of a neutral color. When exposed to a humidity level above that which causes deliquescence of the salt, the dye bleeds through and imparts its developed tincture to the resulting saturated salt solution. On dehydration, the dye remains infused throughout the dried salt to present an irreversible indication of the humidity exposure. (auth)
Reif, R.B.; Kurz, P.F.
Vehicle battery polarity indicator
Battery jumper cables provide an effective means to connect a charged battery to a discharged battery. However, the electrodes of the batteries must be properly connected for charging to occur and to avoid damage to the batteries. A battery polarity indicator is interposed between a set of battery jumper cables to provide a visual/aural indication of relative battery polarity as well as a safety circuit to prevent electrical connection where polarities are reversed.
Cole, L.
Considering lighting system performance and HVAC interactions in lighting retrofit analyses
The performance of several typical fluorescent lighting retrofits are examined using analysis methods of varying sophistication. Estimates of energy and lighting performance based on the simple non-application specific data generally available tend to overestimate the energy savings obtained with the various retrofits by 10-30%. Adding a simple correction to account for cooling benefits exacerbates the error unless heating penalties are also considered. An analysis method that takes into account the thermal application factor of the lighting system shows that the error is typically due to systematically overestimating the energy usage of the original lighting system. If thermal application factor is considered, then detailed HVAC calculations do not significantly improve the energy-savings estimate.
Franconi, E.; Rubinstein, F.
Light Computing
A configuration of light pulses is generated, together with emitters and receptors, that allows computing. The computing is extraordinarily high in number of flops per second, exceeding the capability of a quantum computer for a given size and coherence region. The emitters and receptors are based on the quantum diode, which can emit and detect individual photons with high accuracy.
Gordon Chalmers
China Energy Databook -- User Guide and Documentation, Version 7.0
?220kV Non-residential lighting usage lighting usage Commercial usage Non-usage Non-residential lighting usage Commercial usage Non-
Fridley, Ed., David
Energy consumption and usage characteristics from field measurements of residential dishwashers, clothes washers and clothes dryers
The measured energy consumption and usage characteristics for household dishwashers, clothes washers, and clothes dryers for ten townhouses at Twin Rivers, N.J., are presented. Whenever the dishwashers and/or clothes washers were in use, the energy consumption, water consumption, frequency of usage, and water temperature were measured by a data acquisition system. The electrical energy of electric clothes dryers and the gas consumption of gas clothes dryers were measured, as well as their frequency and duration of use, and exhaust temperature. Typical household usage patterns of these major appliances are included.
Chang, Y.L.; Grot, R.A.
Survey and update of F-14a mission profiles for TF30 engine usage. Final report
The mission profiles and maintenance procedures relating to the TF30-P-412 engines have been investigated to find out whether an observed reduction in engine usage was due to different aircraft missions or new flight procedures. A survey of fleet squadron personnel revealed mission profiles are essentially the same; however, fewer air combat engagements and landing practices account for the lower usage. The F-14 role is now more evenly distributed between air combat and intercepts, while the total number of these missions remains constant. A future advanced technology engine in this aircraft is likely to encounter higher usage requirements if there are no throttle cycle restrictions.
Cote, S.M.
Enzymatic temperature change indicator
A temperature change indicator is described which is composed of an enzyme and a substrate for that enzyme suspended in a solid organic solvent or mixture of solvents as a support medium. The organic solvent or solvents are chosen so as to melt at a specific temperature or in a specific temperature range. When the temperature of the indicator is elevated above the chosen, or critical temperature, the solid organic solvent support will melt, and the enzymatic reaction will occur, producing a visually detectable product which is stable to further temperature variation.
Klibanov, Alexander M. (Newton, MA); Dordick, Jonathan S. (Iowa City, IA)
Woodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2010 I Hudson Consulting I October 2010
woodfuel usage in the commercial, industrial and electrical energy sectors of the Scottish market) to 30 of electrical energy generation, was paramount in the initial survey and remains so. Total woodfuel usageWoodfuel Usage Update 1 I Wood fuel use in Scotland 2010 I Hudson Consulting I October 2010
Outdoor Solid-State Lighting Technology Deployment | Department of Energy
Technologies » Technology Deployment » Outdoor Solid-State Technologies » Technology Deployment » Outdoor Solid-State Lighting Technology Deployment Outdoor Solid-State Lighting Technology Deployment October 7, 2013 - 9:10am Addthis Outdoor solid-state lighting (SSL) technology has the potential to reduce U.S. lighting energy usage by nearly one half and contribute significantly to our nation's climate change solutions. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Buildings Technologies Office offers a wealth of information on its Solid-State Lighting website. Visit the site to find: SSL Basics Studies and Reports CALiPER Summary Reports Tools SSL Webcasts. Also see: FEMP Outdoor SSL Initiative: Resources for Outdoor SSL Applications outlines resources available for outdoor solid-state lighting projects. Better Buildings Alliance: This DOE initiative is driven and managed
Vermont Climate Change Indicators
Climate change indicators are developed for Vermont in recent decades based on the trends in freeze dates, the length of the growing season, the frozen period of small lakes, and the onset of spring. These trends, which show a consistent pattern ...
Alan K. Betts
Energy Efficiency Indicators Methodology Booklet
Energy Intensity Indicators .related policies. Energy intensity indicators are used forStructure of US Energy Intensity Indicators Sectors Industry
Sathaye, Jayant
Automatic Mechetronic Wheel Light Device
A wheel lighting device for illuminating a wheel of a vehicle to increase safety and enhance aesthetics. The device produces the appearance of a "ring of light" on a vehicle's wheels as the vehicle moves. The "ring of light" can automatically change in color and/or brightness according to a vehicle's speed, acceleration, jerk, selection of transmission gears, and/or engine speed. The device provides auxiliary indicator lights by producing light in conjunction with a vehicle's turn signals, hazard lights, alarm systems, and etc. The device comprises a combination of mechanical and electronic components and can be placed on the outer or inner surface of a wheel or made integral to a wheel or wheel cover. The device can be configured for all vehicle types, and is electrically powered by a vehicle's electrical system and/or battery.
Khan, Mohammed John Fitzgerald (Silver Spring, MD)
Texas Electric Lighting Report
electric lighting electric lighting The SNAP House's lighting design aims for elegant simplicity in concept, use, and maintenance. Throughout the house, soft, ambient light is juxtaposed with bright, direct task lighting. All ambient and most task lighting is integrated directly into the architectural design of the house. An accent light wall between the bedroom and bathroom provides a glowing light for nighttime navigation.
RECS Fuel Oil Usage Form_v1 (Draft).xps
fuel oil usage for this delivery address between September 2008 and April 2010. Delivery Number Enter the Delivery Date for each delivery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Enter the Total...
DC. Steiner, R.L. (1994). Residential density and traveland Brownstone The Impact of Residential Density on VehicleWP-05-1 The Impact of Residential Density on Vehicle Usage
arXiv.org help - 2010 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2010 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
arXiv.org help - 2012 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2012 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
arXiv.org help - 2009 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2009 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
arXiv.org help - 2011 Institutional arXiv Usage Data
Institutional arXiv Usage Data The following table is a compilation of arXiv downloads for calendar year 2011 for the 200 heaviest user institutions. See also arXiv Support....
Horses and Barn Doors: Evolution of Corporate Guidelines for Internet Usage
Intel's Internet usage policy evolved from paractically non-existant to explicitly defined - all in reaction to changing conditions and security threats. This paper covers the evolution of Intel Internet access policy, a continual struggle to close the ...
Sally Hambridge; Jeffrey C. Sedayao
This paper documents Fluor Hanford's use of Leading Indicators, management leadership, and statistical methodology in order to improve safe performance of work. By applying these methods, Fluor Hanford achieved a significant reduction in injury rates in 2003 and 2004, and the improvement continues today. The integration of data, leadership, and teamwork pays off with improved safety performance and credibility with the customer. The use of Statistical Process Control, Pareto Charts, and Systems Thinking and their effect on management decisions and employee involvement are discussed. Included are practical examples of choosing leading indicators. A statistically based color coded dashboard presentation system methodology is provided. These tools, management theories and methods, coupled with involved leadership and employee efforts, directly led to significant improvements in worker safety and health, and environmental protection and restoration at one of the nation's largest nuclear cleanup sites.
Battery capacity indicator
This patent describes a battery capacity indicator for providing a continuous indication of battery capacity for a battery powered device. It comprises means for periodically effecting a first and a second positive discharge rate of the battery; voltage measurement means, for measuring the battery terminal voltage at the first and second positive discharge rates during the operation of the device, and for generating a differential battery voltage value in response thereto; memory means for storing a set of predetermined differential battery voltage values and a set of predetermined battery capacity values, each of the set of predetermined differential battery voltage values defining one of the set of predetermined battery capacity values; comparison means, coupled to the memory means and to the voltage measurement means, for comparing the measured differential battery voltage values with the set of predetermined differential battery voltage values, and for selecting the predetermined battery capacity value corresponding thereto.
Kunznicki, W.J.
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting and Systems
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the most promising and unique energy efficient light source light emitting diode (LED) lighting. Business and technical market factors (Chapter 2) explain the upcoming growth of the LED and LED lighting market. Future technical improvements to LEDs and systems are also emphasized. Discussion of the importance of utility involvement in helping their customers make the switch from traditional lighting to LED lighting is provided. LED lighting technologies are covered in...
LED Lighting Basics | Department of Energy
LED Lighting Basics LED Lighting Basics LED Lighting Basics August 16, 2013 - 10:07am Addthis Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources that differ from more traditional sources of light in that they are semiconductor devices that produce light when an electrical current is applied. Applying electrical current causes electrons to flow from the positive side of a diode to the negative side. Then, at the positive/negative junction of the diode, the electrons slow down to orbit at a lower energy level. The electrons emit the excess energy as photons of light. LEDs are often used as small indicator lights on various electronic devices. Because of their long life, durability, and efficiency, LEDs are becoming more common in residential, commercial, and outdoor area lighting
Automatic lighting controls demonstration: Long-term results. Final report, July 1991
Rubinstein, F. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
Home Consumer Perceptions about Landscape Water Conservation and Relationships with Historical Usage
Water is considered to be one of the most limited and precious resources on Earth. Due to this scarcity, water conservation has become essential in order to preserve water resources. Landscape plant material brings quality to urban and suburban lifestyles and increases value to home properties. Yet it has been shown that an excess amount of water is often applied to landscapes when the plant material does not in fact need the supplemental irrigation. A researcher based survey, the Landscape Water Conservation Survey, was sent to 799 single family homes in the College Station, TX. Data collection occurred from November 2005 through August 2006 with a 27% return. The survey asked the recipients 14 questions on water use and home consumers? perceptions. Historical landscape water usage was compiled from 2000-2002 which included actual water use, taxable value, of the residence, heated area, and the water meter identification number for these selected households supplied by The City of College Station Water Utilities. The survey indicates a strong disconnect between the amount of irrigation landscape plant materials need and the quantity of water that is actually applied. Surveyed home consumer perceptions demonstrate excessive amounts of irrigation were normally applied to landscape plant material when no irrigation was needed due to rainfall. Many respondents to The Landscape Water Management Survey indicated that they believed to have efficient irrigation practices in place when in actuality they do not. Educational resources are needed to teach the public on the amounts of irrigation landscape plant materials actually need, how to apply measured home irrigation practices, the principles of water conservation, and meeting the water requirements of varied landscape plant material. If these could be established and implemented, there would be a higher rate of conserving water and providing plant material with the sufficient amount of irrigation required.
Milberger, Whitney F.
usage exceeds 3500 hours annually. Lumen Depreciation Lightinglighting systems using new technologies will be avail- able in the mid 1980s). The projected energy usage
Verderber, R.R.
Tamper-indicating seal
There is disclosed a tamper-indicating seal that permits in the field inspection and detection of tampering. Said seal comprises a shrinkable tube having a visible pattern of markings which is shrunk over th item to be sealed, and a second transparent tube, having a second visible marking pattern, which is shrunk over the item and the first tube. The relationship between the first and second set of markings produces a pattern so that the seal may not be removed without detection. The seal is particularly applicable to UF/sub 6/ cylinder valves.
Fiarman, S.; Degen, M.F.; Peters, H.F.
Types of Lighting in Commercial Buildings - Lighting Characteristics
Characteristics of Lighting Types Characteristics of Lighting Types Efficacy Efficacy is the amount of light produced per unit of energy consumed, expressed in lumens per watt (lm/W). Lamps with a higher efficacy value are more energy efficient. Average Rated Life The average rated life of a particular type of lamp is defined by the number of hours when 50 percent of a large sample of that type of lamp has failed. Color Rendering Index (CRI) The CRI is a measurement of a light source's accuracy in rendering different colors when compared to a reference light source. The highest attainable CRI is 100. Lamps with CRIs above 70 are typically used in office and living environments. Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) The CCT is an indicator of the "warmth" or "coolness" of the color
Energy and lighting design
A detailed examination of the current energy conservation practices for lighting systems is presented. This first part of a two-part presentation covers the following: energy and lighting design; lighting and energy standards; lighting efficiency factors; light control and photometrics; lighting and the architectural interior; luminaire impact on the environment; basic design techniques; the lighting power budget; and conservation through control.
Helms, R.N.
Lighting in Residential and Commercial Buildings (1993 and 1995 Data) --
Types of Lights > Lit Floorspace In Lit Buildings Types of Lights > Lit Floorspace In Lit Buildings Lit Floorspace in Lit Buildings To analyze the use of different kinds of lighting equipment with data from the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), building floorspace can be described in three different ways: total floorspace in all buildings; total floorspace in lit buildings; and total lit floorspace in buildings. The latter two measures of floorspace with lighting differ because not all of the floorspace in lit buildings is illuminated (see Table 1): Table 1: Floorspace Denominators Used To Analyze Lighting Equipment Usage (Million Square Feet) 1995 CBECS Total Floorspace in All Buildings: 58, 772 1995 CBECS Total Floorspace in Lit Buildings: 56, 261 1995 CBECS Total Lit Floorspace in Buildings: 50, 303
Light Emitting Diodes and General Lighting
Light Emitting Diodes and General Lighting Speaker(s): Martin Moeck Date: August 6, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 We give a short overview on high-power light emitting diodes,...
South Carolina Community Lights Up the Season with Energy-Efficient Holiday
South Carolina Community Lights Up the Season with Energy-Efficient South Carolina Community Lights Up the Season with Energy-Efficient Holiday Lights South Carolina Community Lights Up the Season with Energy-Efficient Holiday Lights December 20, 2011 - 1:12pm Addthis Carolers sing in front of Forest Acres, South Carolina's new LED holiday light display. | Photo courtesy of Richland County, S.C. Carolers sing in front of Forest Acres, South Carolina's new LED holiday light display. | Photo courtesy of Richland County, S.C. Eric Escudero Eric Escudero Senior Public Affairs Specialist & Contractor, Golden Field Office What does this mean for me? LED holiday lights reduce energy usage by 90 percent when compared to traditional incandescent lights. A South Carolina community is proving that energy efficiency can improve the holidays by reducing energy and maintenance costs, thanks to its new
LED Street and Area Lighting Technologies
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are being used for applications beyond just indicator lights. One of those applications, street and area lighting, is of considerable interest. This interest is generated by potential reductions that can be achieved in operating costs resulting from lower maintenance costs as well as potentially lower electricity costs that result from the higher efficiency of LED lamps in the systems, the capability to dim and control LED systems, and better light quality. This white paper l...
Evaluation of Lighting and Lighting Control Technologies
Energy efficient lighting and lighting controls have been a means to significant energy savings for many facilities around the world. Advances in lighting sources often allow for the conservation of quality of light while providing more flexibility in the control of light. Additionally, advances in core technologies within the lighting marketplace regularly lead to the introduction of new lamps, fixtures and controls.� With the rapid introduction of new products and designs, it is important to ...
Lighting Group: Controls: PIER Lighting Projects
PIER Lighting Projects CEC Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Projects Objective Lighting controls are often expensive, complex, hard to commission properly and difficult to...
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab websites are accessible, but may not be updated...
Industrial Energy Use Indices
Energy use indices and associated coefficients of variation are computed for major industry categories for electricity and natural gas use in small and medium-sized plants in the U.S. Standard deviations often exceed the average EUI for an energy type, with coefficients of variation averaging 290% for 8,200 plants from all areas of the continental U.S. Data from milder climates appears more scattered than that from colder climates. For example, the ratio of the average of coefficient of variations for all industry types in warm versus cold regions of the U.S. generally is greater than unity. Data scatter may have several explanations, including climate, plant area accounting, the influence of low cost energy and low cost buildings used in the south of the U.S. This analysis uses electricity and natural gas energy consumption and area data of manufacturing plants available in the U.S. Department of Energy�s national Industrial Assessment Center database.
Hanegan, A.; Heffington, W. M.
Residential market transformation: National and regional indicators
A variety of programs are underway to address market barriers to the adoption of energy-efficient residential technologies and practices. Most are administered by utilities, states, or regions that rely on the Energy Star as a consistent platform for program marketing and messaging. This paper reviews regional and national market transformation activities for three key residential end-uses -- air conditioning, clothes washing, and lighting -- characterizing current and ongoing programs; reporting on progress; identifying market indicators; and discussing implications.
Van Wie McGrory, Laura L.; McNamara, Maureen; Suozzo, Margaret
Energy Conservation Utilizing Wireless Dimmable Lighting Control in a Shared-Space Office
powered, the limited-energy issue typical with other wireless sensor networks powered by batteries is non energy usage of the entire system, and to reinforce the wireless network links and compensate for lostEnergy Conservation Utilizing Wireless Dimmable Lighting Control in a Shared-Space Office Yao
Indicators that matter : measuring transportation performance in Ahmedabad
In light of the growing challenges of planning for transportation in India, this thesis proposes that a set of indicators, sensitive to local conditions, developed, implemented and managed through a collaborative partnership ...
Osborne, James Clark, M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
in some cases, space conditioning may represent both roomsuch as lighting and space conditioning for example are notspace heating, - space conditioning, - cooking and water
Next Generation Light Source
�Next Generation Light Source � Super Thin Light Bulb, Energy Efficient, Long Life, Dimmable, and Uniform Illumination �High Entry Barrier � 71 ...
fuel oil usage for this delivery address between fuel oil usage for this delivery address between September 2008 and April 2010. Delivery Number Enter the Delivery Date for each delivery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Enter the Total Dollar Amount including taxes [Exclude late fees, merchandise, repairs, and service charges] 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Form EIA 457G OMB No. 1905-0092 Expires 1/31/13 2009 RECS Fuel Oil and Kerosene Usage Form Delivery Address: Account Number: $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Enter the Amount Delivered in Gallons XXXX Type of Fuel Sold was: 1=Fuel Oil #1 2=Fuel Oil #2 3=Kerosene 4=Other Enter the Price per Gallon $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ XXX.XX $ X.XX (select one) 1 2 3 4 MM/DD/YY Page 1 of 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis
Groff (GNU ditroff) usage on Sun and SGI machines at the Lab
Groff (GNU ditroff) usage on Sun and SGI machines at the Lab Groff (GNU ditroff) usage on Sun and SGI machines at the Lab groff is the front end for the groff document formatting system. (GNU ditroff). groff's default device is ps (PostScript). (You may need to use "module load groff" to make groff available.) Sample usage Write groff output to a PostScript file me macros: groff -set -me myfile.me > myfile.ps ms macros: groff -set -mgs myfile.ms > myfile.ps Note well: "-mgs" uses the groff version of the MS ("gs") macros. Send groff output to a PostScript printer me macros: groff -set -me myfile.me | lpr -P someprinter ms macros: groff -set -mgs myfile.ms | lpr -P someprinter "someprinter" is some PostScript printer on distributed printing. Some common flags (from "man groff")
Understanding Motivations for Facebook Use: Usage Metrics, Network Structure, and Privacy
This study explores the links between motives for using a social network service and numerical measures of that activity. Specifically, it identified motives for Facebook use by employing a Uses and Gratifications (U&G) approach and then investigated the extent to which these motives can be predicted through usage and network metrics collected automatically via the Facebook API. In total, 11 Facebook usage metrics and eight personal network metrics served as predictors. Results showed that all three variable types in this expanded U&G frame of analysis (covering social antecedents, usage metrics, and personal network metrics) effectively predicted motives and highlighted interesting behaviors. To further illustrate the power of this framework, the intricate nature of privacy in social media was explored and relationships drawn between privacy attitudes (and acts) and measures of use and network structure. Author Keywords Uses and gratifications; social network sites; social networks; Facebook; privacy; computer-mediated communication.
Tasos Spiliotopoulos; Ian Oakley
First Light
The first dwarf galaxies, which constitute the building blocks of the collapsed objects we find today in the Universe, had formed hundreds of millions of years after the big bang. This pedagogical review describes the early growth of their small-amplitude seed fluctuations from the epoch of inflation through dark matter decoupling and matter-radiation equality, to the final collapse and fragmentation of the dark matter on all mass scales above \\~10^{-4} solar masses. The condensation of baryons into halos in the mass range of ~10^5-10^{10} solar masses led to the formation of the first stars and the re-ionization of the cold hydrogen gas, left over from the big bang. The production of heavy elements by the first stars started the metal enrichment process that eventually led to the formation of rocky planets and life. A wide variety of instruments currently under design [including large-aperture infrared telescopes on the ground or in space (JWST), and low-frequency arrays for the detection of redshifted 21cm radiation], will establish better understanding of the first sources of light during an epoch in cosmic history that was largely unexplored so far. Numerical simulations of reionization are computationally challenging, as they require radiative transfer across large cosmological volumes as well as sufficently high resolution to identify the sources of the ionizing radiation. The technological challenges for observations and the computational challenges for numerical simulations, will motivate intense work in this field over the coming decade.
Abraham Loeb
" Row: NAICS Codes;" " Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;"
2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2002;" 2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2002;" " Level: National Data; " " Row: NAICS Codes;" " Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;" " Unit: Establishment Counts." " "," ",,"Computer Control of Building Wide Evironment(c)",,,"Computer Control of Processes or Major Energy-Using Equipment(d)",,,"Waste Heat Recovery",,,"Adjustable - Speed Motors",,,"Oxy - Fuel Firing",,," ",," " " "," ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"RSE" "NAICS"," ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Row"
1. Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 1998;" 1. Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 1998;" " Level: National Data; " " Row: NAICS Codes;" " Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;" " Unit: Establishment Counts." " "," "," ",,,"Computer","Control of","Processes"," "," "," ",,,," ",," " " "," ","Computer Control","of Building-Wide","Environment(b)","or Major","Energy-Using","Equipment(c)","Waste","Heat","Recovery","Adjustable -","Speed","Motors","RSE"
Lighting | Department of Energy
Lighting Lighting Lighting When you're shopping for lightbulbs, compare lumens and use the Lighting Facts label to be sure you're getting the amount of light, or level of brightness, you want. You can save money and energy while lighting your home and still maintaining good light quantity and quality. Consider energy-efficient lighting options to use the same amount of light for less money. Learn strategies for comparing and buying lighting products and using them efficiently. Featured Lighting Choices to Save You Money Light your home for less money while using the same amount of light. How Energy-Efficient Light Bulbs Compare with Traditional Incandescents Energy-efficient light bulbs are available today and could save you about $50 per year in energy costs when you replace 15 traditional incandescent bulbs in your home.
Getting Ready for LEDs: LED Lighting Video Series Explains the Basics |
for LEDs: LED Lighting Video Series Explains the for LEDs: LED Lighting Video Series Explains the Basics Getting Ready for LEDs: LED Lighting Video Series Explains the Basics November 26, 2012 - 3:09pm Addthis Part 1 of the ElectricTV.net video series. Part 2 of the ElectricTV.net video series. Roland Risser Roland Risser Program Director, Building Technologies Office How can I participate? Learn more about the advantages and accessiblity of LED lighting from this series of videos. If you haven't been down the lighting aisle of your favorite home improvement store lately, you may be surprised at how many LED lighting products have arrived. Solid-state lighting (LEDs are one type) will soon have a strong impact on how buildings and homes are lit, in part because of its potential to reduce U.S. lighting energy usage by nearly one half.
Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory Architectural Lighting Analysis in Virtual Lighting Laboratory Speaker(s): Mehlika Inanici Date: July 7, 2003 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Satkartar K. Kinney Virtual Lighting Laboratory is a Radiance-based lighting analysis tool and methodology that proposes transformations in the utilization of computer visualization in lighting analysis and design decision-making. It is a computer environment, where the user has been provided with matrices of illuminance and luminance values extracted from high dynamic range images. The principal idea is to provide the laboratory to the designer and researcher to explore various lighting analysis techniques instead of imposing limited number of predetermined metrics. In addition, it introduces an analysis approach for temporal and spatial lighting
New Light Sources for Tomorrow's Lighting Designs
The lighting industry is driven to provide light sources and lighting
systems that, when properly applied, will produce a suitable
luminous environment in which to perform a specified task. Tasks
may include everything from office work, manufacturing and
inspection to viewing priceless art objects, selecting the right chair
for your living room, and deciding which produce item to select for
tonight's dinner. While energy efficiency is a major consideration
in any new lighting system design, the sacrifice of lighting quality
may cost more in terms of lost productivity and user dissatisfaction
than can ever be saved on that monthly energy bill.
During the past several years, many new light sources have been
developed and introduced. These product introductions have not
been limited to anyone lamp type, but instead may be found in filament,
fluorescent and high intensity discharge lamp families. Manufacturers of light sources have two basic goals for new product
development. These goals are high efficiency lighting and improved
color rendering properties. High efficiency lighting may take the
form of either increasing lamp efficiency (lumens of light delivered
per watt of power consumed) or decreasing lamp size, thus making
a more easily controlled light source that places light where it is
needed. The manufacturer's second goal is to produce lamps that
render colors accurately while maintaining high efficiency. This
paper will discuss new introductions in light sources and lighting
systems and how they may impact the design of luminous environments
of the future.
Krailo, D. A.
A conclusive experiment to throw more light on "light"
We describe a new realization of Ghose, Home, Agarwal experiment on wave particle duality of light where some limitations of the former experiment, realized by Mizobuchi and Ohtake, are overcome. Our results clearly indicate that wave-particle complementarity must be understood between interference and "whelcher weg" knowledge and not in a more general sense.
G. Brida; M. Genovese; M. Gramegna; E. Predazzi
Indicators Methodology Booklet Title Energy Efficiency Indicators Methodology Booklet Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-3702E Year of Publication 2010 Authors...
Multimedia-based mobile phone consciousness and usage amongst the undergraduate students in Malaysia
The idea of presenting undergraduates' awareness, usage and other various issues regarding mobile phone multimedia application will be the paper's main agenda and talking point. The first section of this paper will give a succinct introduction to today's ... Keywords: consciousness, mobile phone, multimedia application, undergraduates, youth
Amirrudin Kamsin; Md Nor Ridzuan Daud
Impact of Liquefied Natural Gas usage and payload size on Hybrid Wing Body aircraft fuel efficiency
This work assessed Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) aircraft in the context of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuel usage and payload/range scalability at three scales: H1 (B737), H2 (B787) and H3 (B777). The aircraft were optimized for ...
Mody, Pritesh (Pritesh Chetan)
Recommending energy tariffs and load shifting based on smart household usage profiling
We present a system and study of personalized energy-related recommendation. AgentSwitch utilizes electricity usage data collected from users' households over a period of time to realize a range of smart energy-related recommendations on energy tariffs, ... Keywords: demand response, energy tariffs, load shifting, personalization, recommender systems, smart grid
Joel E. Fischer; Sarvapali D. Ramchurn; Michael Osborne; Oliver Parson; Trung Dong Huynh; Muddasser Alam; Nadia Pantidi; Stuart Moran; Khaled Bachour; Steve Reece; Enrico Costanza; Tom Rodden; Nicholas R. Jennings
Cell phone usage and broad feature preferences: A study among Finnish undergraduate students
The purpose of this study is to investigate the cell phone use and broad cell phone feature preferences among high school and undergraduate in Finland. Of particular interest is the issue of gender differences regarding the use of the cell phones and ... Keywords: Cell phone usage, Conceptualization, Feature preferences
Matti Haverila
RadioJockey: Mining Program Execution to Optimize Cellular Radio Usage Pavan K. Athivarapu1
dormancy is typically invoked with a fixed short inactivity timer (e.g., 3-5s), thereby reducing the energy. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION 2.1 Energy and Signaling Overhead During normal usage, a cellular radio switches costs. This has a major implication on the energy consumed by background applications that typically
Instructions for CEC-1250E-4 Biomass and Fossil Fuel Usage Report for Biomass Facilities
Instructions for CEC-1250E-4 Biomass and Fossil Fuel Usage Report for Biomass Facilities Biomass energy input basis in the upcoming calendar year? - Please check "yes" or "no." 12. Types of Biomass Fuel Used - Please report the quantity and supplier of the following types of biomass fuel used
Identifying software usage at HPC centers with the automatic library tracking database
A library tracking database has been developed to monitor software/library usage. This Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD) automatically and transparently stores, into a database, information about the libraries linked into an application at compilation ... Keywords: Cray XT, database, library, most/least used software, tracking
Bilel Hadri; Mark Fahey; Nick Jones
ON THE USAGE OF ANTENNAS IN MIMO AND MISO INTERFERENCE CHANNELS Mariam Kaynia
ON THE USAGE OF ANTENNAS IN MIMO AND MISO INTERFERENCE CHANNELS Mariam Kaynia , Andrea J. Goldsmith. of Science and Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford Mobile and small), we derive upper and lower bounds to both our per- formance metrics. Moreover, the particular
Gesbert, David
Engineers and the Web: An analysis of real life gaps in information usage
Engineers face a wide range of gaps when trying to identify, acquire, and utilize information from the Web. To be able to avoid creating such gaps, it is essential to understand them in detail. This paper reports the results of a study of the real life ... Keywords: Critical incident technique, Engineers, Gaps, Information usage processes
Jeroen Kraaijenbrink
WebKDD 2005: web mining and web usage analysis post-workshop report
In this report, we summarize the contents and outcomes of the recent WebKDD 2005 workshop on Web Mining and Web Usage Analysis that was held in conjunction with the 11th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD ... Keywords: clickstream analysis, mining evolving web data, personalization, profiling, recommender systems, web mining
Olfa Nasraoui; Osmar R. Za�ane; Myra Spiliopoulou; Bamshad Mobasher; Brij Masand; Philip S. YU
UDP: Usage-based Dynamic Pricing with Privacy Preservation for Smart Grid
UDP: Usage-based Dynamic Pricing with Privacy Preservation for Smart Grid Xiaohui Liang, Student for smart grid in a community environment, which enables the electricity price to correspond-preserving manner. Index Terms--Smart grid; dynamic price; privacy preserva- tion; community-specific I
Shen, Xuemin "Sherman"
Lighting Options for Homes.
This report covers many aspects of various lighting options for homes. Types of light sources described include natural light, artificial light, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and high intensity discharge lamps. A light source selection guide gives the physical characteristics of these, design considerations, and common applications. Color, strategies for efficient lighting, and types of lighting are discussed. There is one section giving tips for various situations in specific rooms. Rooms and types of fixtures are shown on a matrix with watts saved by using the recommended type lighting for that room and room location. A major emphasis of this report is saving energy by utilizing the most suitable, recommended lighting option. (BN)
Baker, W.S.
Mobile lighting apparatus
A mobile lighting apparatus includes a portable frame such as a moveable trailer or skid having a light tower thereon. The light tower is moveable from a stowed position to a deployed position. A hydrogen-powered fuel cell is located on the portable frame to provide electrical power to an array of the energy efficient lights located on the light tower.
Roe, George Michael; Klebanoff, Leonard Elliott; Rea, Gerald W; Drake, Robert A; Johnson, Terry A; Wingert, Steven John; Damberger, Thomas A; Skradski, Thomas J; Radley, Christopher James; Oros, James M; Schuttinger, Paul G; Grupp, David J; Prey, Stephen Carl
Determinants of residential electrical appliance usage in the Tri-State Region, 1960-1970: a regression study. Working paper
The possible impact of areawide residential location policy on future residential electricity usage in the Tri-State Metropolitan Region centering on New York City is investigated. This study was undertaken to assess residential electricity usage, particularly electrical appliance use, in the residential sector of the New York Metropolitan area from 1960 to 1970. The attempts to choose and quantify the contribution of various determinants of electrical appliance usage using multiple regression analyses has been relatively successful. In addition, these results were compared with 1960 and 1970 data in an effort to establish a degree of consistency over time. The implications of the findings here point toward two complementary institutions for change: urban planning and public administration. The relationship between single family structures and high energy usage argue strongly for more dense communities, while price elasticities can be used by regulators to control electrical usage.
Stone, B.
Geometry-dependent lighting
Abstract � In this paper we introduce geometrydependent lighting that allows lighting parameters to be defined independently and possibly discrepantly over an object or scene based on the local geometry. We present and discuss Light Collages, a lighting design system with geometry-dependent lights for effective feature-enhanced visualization. Our algorithm segments the objects into local surface patches and places lights that are locally consistent but globally discrepant to enhance the perception of shape. We use spherical harmonics for efficiently storing and computing light placement and assignment. We also outline a method to find the minimal number of light sources sufficient to illuminate an object well with our globally discrepant lighting approach. Index Terms � Lighting design, scientific illustration, discrepant lighting, light placement, silhouette enhancement, proximity shadows, spherical harmonics I.
Chang Ha Lee; Xuejun Hao; Amitabh Varshney
Lighting Group: What's New
What's New What's New in the Lighting Group For more information on what's new in the Lighting Group, please contact: Francis Rubinstein Lighting Group Leader (510) 486-4096...
Light in the city
This thesis focuses on enhancing the awareness of light for the pedestrian,and using light as a way of revealing the structure of the city and its relation to the cosmos. It proposes that aesthetic qualities of light inform ...
Srinivasan, Kavita, 1976-
Specific light in sculpture
Specific light is defined as light from artificial or altered natural sources. The use and manipulation of light in three dimensional sculptural work is discussed in an historic and contemporary context. The author's work ...
Powell, John William
EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.pdf EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.pdf EnergySavingsLightEmittingDiodesNicheLightingApps.p...
Electric household equipment and electric fuel usage in the Tri-State Region and the United States: 1960-70. Working paper
The possible impact of areawide residential location policy on future residential electricity usage in the Tri-State Metropolitan Region centering on New York City is investigated. This report is concerned with selected residential electric appliance usage in the Tri-State Region as compared with usage of these appliances across the United States between 1960 and 1970. Included are tabular representations of comparisons between residential air conditioner usage in the Tri-State Region and the United States. Tabular comparisons also are made with respect to residential appliance usage and electric fuel usage.
Hillman, B.
Prospects for LED lighting.
Solid-state lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has the potential to reduce energy consumption for lighting by 50% while revolutionizing the way we illuminate our homes, work places, and public spaces. Nevertheless, substantial technical challenges remain in order for solid-state lighting to significantly displace the well-developed conventional lighting technologies. We review the potential of LED solid-state lighting to meet the long-term cost goals.
Tsao, Jeffrey Yeenien; Gee, James Martin; Simmons, Jerry Alvon
Lighting Control Systems
The demand for lighting control systems in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities is on the rise with the demand for increased energy savings. With lighting accounting for almost 23% of grid load, there is significant opportunity to reduce lighting load while improving the quality of light for customers. Lighting control systems are becoming more intelligent as the need for them to interface with building control systems and demand response systems also increases. Lighting control systems use...
Composite Lighting Simulations with Lighting Networks
A whole variety of different techniques for simulating global illumination in virtual environments have been developed over recent years. Each technique, including Radiosity, Monte-Carlo ray- or photon tracing, and directional-dependent Radiance computations, is best suited for simulating only some special case environments. None of these techniques is currently able to efficiently simulate all important lighting effects in non-trivial scenes. In this paper, we describe a new approach for efficiently combining different global illumination algorithms to yield a composite lighting simulation: Lighting Networks. Lighting Networks can exploit the advantages of each algorithm and can combine them in such a way as to simulate lighting effects that could only be computed at great costs by any single algorithm. Furthermore, this approach allows a user to configure the Lighting Network to compute only specific lighting effects that are important for a given task, while avoiding a costly simulation of the full global illumination in a scene. We show how the light paths computed by a Lighting Network can be described using regular expressions. This mapping allows us to analyze the composite lighting simulation and ensure completeness and redundant-free computations. Several examples demonstrate the advantages and unique lighting effects that can be obtained using this technique. 1
Philipp Slusallek; Marc Stamminger; Wolfgang Heidrich; Jan-Christian Popp; Hans-peter Seidel
Lighting Group: Links
Links Links Links Organizations Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) International Commission on Illumination (CIE) International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) International Association of Energy-Efficient Lighting Lightfair International Energy Agency - Task 21: Daylight in Buildings: Design Tools and Performance Analysis International Energy Agency - Task 31: Daylighting Buildings in 21st Century National Association on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) National Association of Independent Lighting Distributors (NAILD) International Association of Lighting Management Companies (NALMCO) Research Centers California Lighting Technology Center Lighting Research Center Lighting Research at Canada Institute for Research in Construction
Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting
Demand Demand Responsive Lighting Host: Francis Rubinstein Demand Response Research Center Technical Advisory Group Meeting August 31, 2007 10:30 AM - Noon Meeting Agenda * Introductions (10 minutes) * Main Presentation (~ 1 hour) * Questions, comments from panel (15 minutes) Project History * Lighting Scoping Study (completed January 2007) - Identified potential for energy and demand savings using demand responsive lighting systems - Importance of dimming - New wireless controls technologies * Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting (commenced March 2007) Objectives * Provide up-to-date information on the reliability, predictability of dimmable lighting as a demand resource under realistic operating load conditions * Identify potential negative impacts of DR lighting on lighting quality Potential of Demand Responsive Lighting Control
Light Laboratory, Inc.
Hubbell Lighting Photometric Laboratory
Energy Efficient Lighting Products
... Road Vista, San Diego, CA [200823- 0] Light Laboratory, Inc ... GA. CSA Group, Alpharetta, GA [200732- 0] Cooper Lighting Photometric Laboratory ...
Light Metals 2010
Feb 1, 2010 ... Softcover book: Light Metals 2008 Volume 2: Aluminum Reduction. Hardcover book and CD-ROM: Light Metals 2009�...
Plant and Lighting
publicationshouseplantligh t.html Sincerely, Anthony R. Brach "Artificial" light comes from many kinds of bulbs that emit different wavelengths of light; Many plants...
National Synchrotron Light Source
Angle Limit," Phys. Rev. Lett., 99: 134801 (2007). 33 Researchers Produce Firsts with Bursts of Light BNL researchers have generated extremely short pulses of light that are the...
Lighting and Daylighting Basics
Buildings can be lit in two ways: by using artificial lighting, or by using daylighting, or the process of using natural sunlight, windows, and skylights to provide lighting.
Lighting | Open Energy Information
Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Lighting Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description List of Lighting Incentives...
Lighting Systems Test Facilities
Measurement equipment with light beam Lighting Systems Test Facilities NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab websites are accessible, but may not be...
Lighting and Daylighting
Looking For Light.
??In my search for the way light can dictate the overall expression of an image, I have found that light is the means that activates� (more)
Lindholm, Kevin R.
LBNL Lighting Research Group
LED and ballast berkeley lamp workstation light switch Overview | What's New | Publications | Software | Facilities | People | Contact Us | Links Sources and Ballasts | Light...
Properties of Light
... Scattering of Light. Exploration: Sunset in a glass. ... How would you design a camera that could see through a sand storm? Invisible Light. ...
Standardization of user interfaces for lighting controls
Standardization of human-machine interfaces has proved beneficial in a number of technology areas. Lighting control is a home and office technology that is of central importance in energy efficiency and could potentially benefit from standardization, ... Keywords: CIE, Concepts, HVAC, IEANA, IEC, ISO, Indicators, LED, Lighting controls, NEMA, SAE, Standards, Symbols, User interfaces
Bruce Nordman; Jessica Granderson; Kelly Cunningham
Cree LED Lighting Solutions Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures LLF...
Cree LED Lighting Solutions Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures LLF Jump to: navigation, search Name Cree LED Lighting Solutions (Formerly LED Lighting Fixtures (LLF)) Place...
NIST sustainable manufacturing indicators repository
... GLOSSARY. This section contains definitions of the terms used in this Webportal. Benchmark Value. The targeted value of an indicator. ...
Weather Normalization of Reliability Indices
Weather significantly increases variability of reliability indices. This project focuses on exploring statistical correlations between weather parameters and system performance indices using historical utility reliability data and weather data. Using this information, various approaches for normalizing utility performance indices for variability in weather can be developed.
Demonstration Assessment of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Commercial Garage Lights In the Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
This U.S. Department of Energy GATEWAY Demonstration project studied the applicability of light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires for commercial parking garage applications. High-pressure sodium (HPS) area luminaires were replaced with new LED area luminaires. The project was supported under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solid State Lighting Program. Other participants in the demonstration project included Providence Portland Medical Center in Portland, Oregon, the Energy Trust of Oregon, and Lighting Sciences Group (LSG) Inc. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted the measurements and analysis of the results. PNNL manages GATEWAY demonstrations for DOE and represents their perspective in the conduct of the work. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of light and electrical power were taken at the site for both HPS and LED light sources. Economic costs were estimated and garage users� responses to the new light sources were gauged with a survey. Six LED luminaires were installed in the below-ground parking level A, replacing six existing 150W HPS lamps spread out over two rows of parking spaces. Illuminance measurements were taken at floor level approximately every 4 ft on a 60-ft x 40-ft grid to measure light output of these LED luminaires which were termed the �Version 1� luminaires. PNNL conducted power measurements of the circuit in the garage to which the 6 luminaires were connected and determined that they drew an average of 82 W per lamp. An improved LED luminaire, Version 2, was installed in Level B of the parking garage. Illuminance measurements were not made of this second luminaire on site due to higher traffic conditions, but photometric measurements of this lamp and Version 1 were made in an independent testing laboratory and power usage for Version 2 was also measured. Version 1 was found to produce 3600 lumens and Version 2 was found to produce 4700 lumens of light and to consume 78 Watts. Maximum and minimum light levels were measured for the HPS and LED Version 1 luminaires and projected for the Version 2 luminaires. Maximum light levels were 23.51 foot candles, 20.54 fc, and 26.7 fc respectively and minimum light levels were 1.49 fc, 1.45 fc, and 1.88 fc. These results indicate very similar or even slightly higher light levels produced by the LED lamps, despite the higher lumen output of the HPS lamp. The LED lamps provide higher luminaire efficacy because all of the light is directed down and out. None of it is �lost� in the fixture. Also the HPS luminaire had poorly designed optics and a plastic covering that tended to get dirty and cracked, further decreasing the realized light output.[is this an accurate way to say this?] Consumer perceptions of the Version 2 LED were collected via a written survey form given to maintenance and security personnel. More than half felt the LED luminaires provided more light than the HPS lamps and a majority expressed a preference for the new lamps when viewing the relamped area through a security camera. Respondents commented that the LED luminaires were less glary, created less shadows, had a positive impact on visibility, and improved the overall appearance of the area. PNNL conducted an economic analysis and found that the Version 1 lamp produced annual energy savings of 955 kWh and energy cost savings of $76.39 per lamp at electricity rates of 6.5 cents per kWh and $105.03 at 11 cents per kWh. PNNL found that the Version 2 lamp produced annual energy savings of 991 kWh and energy cost savings of $79.26 per lamp at electricity rates of 6.5 cents per kWh and $108.98 at 11 cents per kWh. PNNL also calculated simple payback and found that Version 1 showed paybacks of 5.4 yrs at 6.5c/kWh and 4.1 yrs at 11c/kWh while Version 2 showed paybacks of 5.2 yrs at 6.5c/kWh and 3.9 yrs at 11c/kWh.
Incandescent Lighting | Department of Energy
Incandescent Lighting Incandescent Lighting August 16, 2013 - 10:00am Addthis Incandescent lighting is the most common type of lighting used in homes. Incandescent lamps operate...
Solid-State Lighting: Registration
Lighting: Registration on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Registration on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Registration on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting:...
Solid-State Lighting: Postings
Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Postings on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting:...
Nitroglycerine Usage
trinitroglycerin, as other related drugs are used for relief of chest pain in coronary heart disease, the so called angina pectoris. The effect is done by relaxing the coronary...
hotel), and those that by their nature consume little energy (energy use per subsector or building type within the service sector, such as retail, office, hotel,Hotel Office TWh Air Conditioning Space Heating Cooking & Water Heating Lighting Appliances Other Appliances TVs Washing Machines Commercial EJ Residential Refrigerators Energy
PowerScope: A Tool for Profiling the Energy Usage of Mobile Applications
In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of PowerScope, a tool for profiling energy usage by applications. PowerScope maps energy consumption to program structure, in much the same way that CPU profilers map processor cycles to specific processes and procedures. Our approach combines hardware instrumentation to measure current level with kernel software support to perform statistical sampling of system activity. Postprocessing software maps the sample data to program structure and produces a profile of energy usage by process and procedure. Using PowerScope, we have been able to reduce the energy consumption of an adaptive video playing application by 46%. 1. Introduction Energy is a critical resource for mobile computers [5, 8]. In spite of many improvements in low-power hardware design and battery life, there is now growing awareness that a strategically viable approach to energy management must include higher levels of the system [2]. For example, a network applica...
Jason Flinn; M. Satyanarayanan
Identifying Software Usage at HPC Centers with the Automatic Library Tracking Database
A library tracking database has been developed to monitor software/library usage. This Automatic Library Tracking Database (ALTD) automatically and transparently stores, into a database, information about the libraries linked into an application at compilation time and also the executables launched in a batch job. Information gathered into the database can then be mined to provide reports. Analyzing the results from the data collected will help to identify, for example, the most frequently used and the least used libraries and codes, and those users that are using deprecated libraries or applications. We will illustrate the usage of libraries and executables on the Cray XT platforms hosted at the National Institute for Computational Sciences and the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (both located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory).
Hadri, Bilel [ORNL; Fahey, Mark R [ORNL; Jones, Nicholas A [ORNL
Space heating systems in the Northwest: energy usage and cost analysis
The question of energy usage and cost of providing space heat in the Northwest is discussed. Though space heating needs represents only 18% of the U.S.'s total energy consumption, it nevertheless appears to offer the greatest potential for conservation and near term applications of alternate energy sources. Efficiency and economic feasibility factors are considered in providing for space heating demands. These criteria are presented to establish energy usage, cost effectiveness and beneficial conservation practices for space heating of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Four Northwestern cities have been chosen whose wide range of climate conditions are used to formulate the seasonal fuel and capital cost and hence the annual heating cost covering a broad spectrum of heating applications, both the traditional methods, the newer alternate forms of energy, and various methods to achieve more efficient utilization of all types.
Keller, J.G.; Kunze, J.F.
Structural proteomics of minimal organisms: conservation ofprotein fold usage and evolutionary implications
Background: Determining the complete repertoire of proteinstructures for all soluble, globular proteins in a single organism hasbeen one of the major goals of several structural genomics projects inrecent years. Results: We report that this goal has nearly been reachedfor several "minimal organisms"--parasites or symbionts with reducedgenomes--for which over 95 percent of the soluble, globular proteins maynow be assigned folds, overall 3-D backbone structures. We analyze thestructures of these proteins as they relate to cellular functions, andcompare conservation off old usage between functional categories. We alsocompare patterns in the conservation off olds among minimal organisms andthose observed between minimal organisms and other bacteria. Conclusion:We find that proteins performing essential cellular functions closelyrelated to transcription and translation exhibit a higher degree ofconservation in fold usage than proteins in other functional categories.Folds related to transcription and translation functional categories werealso over represented in minimal organisms compared to otherbacteria.
Chandonia, John-Marc; Kim, Sung-Hou
Label Building Natural Gas Usage Form 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)
Natural Gas Usage Form Natural Gas Usage Form 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) 1. Timely submission of this report is mandatory under Public Law 93-275, as amended. 2. This completed questionnaire is due by 3. Data reported on this questionnaire are for the entire building identified in the label to the right. 4. Data may be submitted directly on this questionnaire or in any other format, such as a computer-generated listing, which provides the same i nformation and is conve nient for y our company. a. You may submit a single report for the entire building, or if it i s easier, a separate report for each of several accounts in the building. These will then be aggregated by the survey contractor. b. If you are concerned about your individual account information, you may choose to mark
Lighting Research Group
Lighting Research Group overview what's new publications software facilities people contact us links...
Extending the boundaries of the usage of NMR chemical shifts in deciphering biomolecular structure and dynamics
Extending the Boundaries of the Usage of NMR Chemical Shifts in Deciphering Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics Aleksandr B. Sahakyan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Darwin 9... ? and ? dihedral angles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3 The gas-phase optimised structures of the selected representative conformations of Ace-Ala-Nme with the fixed ? and ? angles and the corresponding secondary...
Sahakyan, Aleksandr B.
Determination of usage patterns and emissions for propane/LPG in California. Final report
The purpose of the study was to determine California usage patterns of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), and to estimate propane emissions resulting from LPG transfer operations statewide, and by county and air basin. The study is the first attempt to quantify LPG transfer emissions for California. This was accomplished by analyzing data from a telephone survey of California businesses that use LPG, by extracting information from existing databases.
Sullivan, M.
On-Off Minimum-Time Control With Limited Fuel Usage: Global Optima Via Linear Programming
A method for finding a global optimum to the on-off minimum-time control problem with limited fuel usage is presented. Each control can take on only three possible values: maximum, zero, or minimum. The simplex method for linear systems naturally yields such a solution for the re-formulation presented herein because it always produces an extreme point solution to the linear program. Numerical examples for the benchmark linear flexible system are presented.
Assessing user experiences and usage intentions of m-banking service
M-banking is a channel through which banks interact with customers via mobile devices. M-banking is an emerging mobile commerce application. It is a challenging task for banks to encourage customers to continue using m-banking services, and ... Keywords: bank operations, dual process, financial information systems, m-banking, m-commerce, marketing strategies, mobile banking, mobile commerce, mobile communications, product attributes, product knowledge, promotional campaigns, usage intention, user experiences
Kuang-Hsun Shih; Hsu-Feng Hung; Binshan Lin
Energy and lighting decisions
This report reviews the fundamental principles of lighting and uses them to evaluate energy-conserving lighting equipment and techniques. The selection of the proper lighting components and systems is complex, requiring a knowledge of the characteristics of light sources and their interactions with the auxiliary equipment and the environment. Furthermore, there are subjective aspects of lighting that are difficult to quantify. We address the simplistic way in which lighting is commonly approached, then present an argument as to the critical nature of the lighting decision. In the final sections we discuss and evaluate lighting equipment in terms of its applications and characteristics. Familiarity with the fundamental characteristics of the elements of lighting equipment will also permit more judicious appraisal and use of lighting concepts that may be introduced in the future. 6 figs., 9 tabs.
Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within Cogeneration Technologies;
3 Number of Establishments by Usage of Cogeneration Technologies, 2006; 3 Number of Establishments by Usage of Cogeneration Technologies, 2006; Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within Cogeneration Technologies; Unit: Establishment Counts. Establishments with Any Cogeneration NAICS Technology Code(a) Subsector and Industry Establishments(b) in Use(c) In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(d) Not in Use Don't Know Total United States 311 Food 14,128 297 99 11,338 2,691 51 11,217 2,860 10 11,333 2,786 164 11,129 2,836 9 11,235 2,884 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 580 53 Q 499 38 5 532 42 W 533 W Q 533 44 5 530 45 311221 Wet Corn Milling 47 11 W 35 W W 43 W W 39 W 0 44 3 0 41 6 31131 Sugar Manufacturing
Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies;
2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2006; 2 Number of Establishments by Usage of General Energy-Saving Technologies, 2006; Level: National Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Usage within General Energy-Saving Technologies; Unit: Establishment Counts. NAICS Code(a) Subsector and Industry Establishments(b) In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know In Use(e) Not in Use Don't Know Total United States 311 Food 14,128 1,632 9,940 2,556 3,509 8,048 2,571 1,590 9,609 2,929 6,260 5,014 2,854 422 9,945 3,762 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 580 59 475 46 300 236 Q 154 398 28 446 95 Q 45 442 92 311221 Wet Corn Milling 47 9 34 4 36 W W 27 15 6 38 3 6 8 24 16 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 77
Simple strategies for minimization of cooling water usage in binary power plants
The geothermal resources which could be used for the production of electrical power in the United States are located for the most part in the semi-arid western regions of the country. The availability of ground or surface water in the quantity or quality desired for a conventional wet'' heat rejections system represents a barrier to the development of these resources with the binary cycle technology. This paper investigates some simple strategies to minimize the cooling water usage of binary power plants. The cooling water usage is reduced by increasing the thermal efficiency of the plant. Three methods of accomplishing this are considered here: increasing the average source temperature, by increasing the geofluid outlet temperature; decreasing pinch points on the heat rejection heat exchangers, increasing their size; and using internal recuperation within the cycle. In addition to the impact on water usage, the impact on cost-of-electricity is determined. The paper shows that some of these strategies can reduce the cooling water requirements 20 to 30% over that for a plant similar to the Heber Binary Plant, with a net reduction in the cost-of-electricity of about 15%. 13 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.
Bliem, C.J.; Mines, G.L. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (USA))
Lighting Inventory Lighting Theatre and Drama
Strand Basic Palette 400 channel 800 attrib. 1 Strand Lighting 200 Series 24/48 1 1 MicroVision 2 HORIZON
Indiana University
CHEMICAL INDICATORS Appendix A Chemistry Indicators and Evaluation Methods
The chemical indicators evaluated in this study were based on chemical-specific sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) obtained from several sources. SQGs are numeric values intended to help in the interpretation of sediment chemistry data. SQGs are not intended to be a final assessment of environmental condition at a site, but rather to assist in the determination of the potential for biological effects. Numerical SQGs have been developed using both mechanistic and empirical relationships between chemistry and biological effect. Both types of approaches were evaluated in the early phases of the SQO project, but the mechanistic approaches (i.e., equilibrium partitioning) were not included in the final statistical evaluations based on the results of preliminary analyses and the recommendation of the SSC. Three types of empirical chemical indicators were compared and evaluated: established indicators that were based on existing published SQGs that were developed for application on a national level, regional indicators that represent established indicator approaches calibrated to California data, and new indicators developed specifically for this project. All of the chemical indicators were based on chemical mixtures in order to represent the joint effects of multiple chemicals present in a sample. The individual chemical SQGs were integrated using a method specific to each approach to describe mixture effects. The chemicals included in each candidate indicator are shown in Table
unknown authors
Lighting Retrofit Study
The Lighting Retrofit Study was an effort to determine the most cost-effective methods of retrofitting several configurations of lighting systems at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). We developed a test protocol to compare a variety of lighting technologies for their applicability in labs and offices and designed and constructed a novel lighting contrast potential meter to allow for comparison of lighting quality as well as quantity.
Kromer, S.; Morse, O.; Siminovitch, M.
National Climate Assessment: Indicators System
Indicators System Print E-mail Indicators System Print E-mail What are the goals for the NCA indicators? The vision for the National Climate Assessment (NCA) is to create a system of indicators that will help inform policy-makers and citizens understand key aspects of our changing climate. Scientific information about physical climate conditions, climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and preparedness will be tracked and compiled. These measures are called indicators. The goals of the Indicators System are to: Provide meaningful, authoritative climate-relevant measures about the status, rates, and trends of key physical, ecological, and societal variables and values Inform decisions on management, research, and education at regional to national scales Identify climate-related conditions and impacts to help develop effective mitigation and adaptation measures
Lighting the Great Outdoors: LEDs in Exterior Applications
Recent progress in the development of white light LEDs promises great impact by opening up the huge potential for LED illumination in new areas. One such area is general illumination for exterior applications. For example, there are an estimated combined 60.5 million roadway and parking installations in the U.S. These lights account for an estimated 53.3 TWh of electricity usage annually -- nearly 7% of all lighting. If LEDs could provide the same light performance with just 25% greater efficiency, savings of over 13 TWh could be achieved. In 2007, the authors assessed emerging LED lighting technologies in a parking garage and on a city street. The purpose of these tests was to enable a utility to determine whether energy efficiency programs promoting white light LED products might be justified. The results have supported the great promise of LEDs in exterior applications, while also highlighting the barriers that continue to hinder their widespread adoption. Such barriers include 1) inconsistent product quality across manufacturers; 2) lack of key metrics for comparing LEDs to conventional sources; and 3) high upfront cost of LED luminaires compared to conventional luminaires. This paper examines these barriers, ways in which energy-efficiency programs could help to overcome them, and the potential for energy and financial savings from LED lighting in these two exterior applications.
Cook, Tyson D. S.; Bryan, Mary M.; Kinzey, Bruce R.; Myer, Michael
Spectrally Enhanced Lighting
November 2007 November 2007 AfterImage + s p a c e 1 Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Brian Liebel, PE, LC Brian Liebel, PE, LC November 29, 2007 November 29, 2007 Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group November 29, 2007 November 29, 2007 29 November 2007 AfterImage + s p a c e 2 Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Spectrally Enhanced Lighting This is not a technology; just a This is not a technology; just a different way to quantify light based on different way to quantify light based on well established scientific findings well established scientific findings Can be used in conjunction with ANY Can be used in conjunction with ANY type of lighting design to gain
Development of Fireside Performance Indices
Advanced indices can predict coal-related effects on power plant performance, including furnace wall slagging, convective pass fouling (both high- and low-temperature), sootblower effectiveness, stack plume opacity, boiler erosion, and coal grindability. This report documents the development of the Predictive Coal Quality Effects Screening Tool (PCQUEST), a software package that calculates and displays the advanced indices.
Q Q Q N Q 5 or More... 0.3 N Q Q Q Q Lighting Usage Indicators 4 Members 5 or More Members Table HC6.13 Lighting Usage...
LED Lighting | Department of Energy
LED Lighting LED Lighting August 16, 2013 - 10:07am Addthis Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are light sources that differ from more traditional sources of light in that they are...
Natural lighting and skylights
There are many physiological and psychological factors which enter into the proper design of space for human occupancy. One of these elements is light. Both natural light and manufactured light are basic tools with which any designer must work. However, they are only two of the many, many elements which must be considered; and they, therefore, must be considered, always, in relation to the other elements. The achievement of good lighting depends on a reasonable understanding of three primary factors: one, the visual response to lighting; two, the availability and types of lighting; and three, methods for controlling light. This thesis is intended to supply enough information to provide a working knowledge of each of these facets. The human visual response is discussed in "Goals For Good Lighting." The availability and types of lighting are dealt with in the section on available light. The remainder of the thesis concerns methods for controlling light. The use of scale models for studying the natural lighting characteristics of buildings due to the building geometry, the fenestration details and the interior reflectance has been well established as pointed out in the earlier part of this thesis. With the completion of the work outlined herein, the feasibility of using scale models for studying skylights is also an established fact. The method of analysis by models can be a valuable tool to any designer who is concerned about day-lighting.
Evans, Benjamin Hampton
Distance priority based multicast routing in WDM networks considering sparse light splitting
As we know, the member-only algorithm in provides the best links stress and wavelength usage for the construction of multicast light-trees in WDM networks with sparse splitting. However, the diameter of tree is too big and the average delay is also too large, which are intolerant for QoS required multimedia applications. In this paper, a distance priority based algorithm is proposed to build light-trees for multicast routing, where the Candidate Destinations and the Candidate Connectors are introduced. Simulations show the proposed algorithm is able to greatly reduce the diameter and average delay of the multicast tree (up to 51% and 50% respectively), while keep the same or get a slightly better link stress as well as the wavelength usage than the famous Member-Only algorithm.
Zhou, Fen; Cousin, Bernard; 10.1109/ICCS.2008.4737278
Lighting Group: Overview
Overview Overview Overview of the Lighting Research Group The Lighting Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory performs research aimed at improving the energy efficiency of lighting systems in buildings and homes, throughout the State of California and across the Nation. The goal is to reduce lighting energy consumption by 50% over twenty years by improving the efficiency of light sources, and controlling and delivering illumination so that it is available, where and when needed, and at the required intensity. Research in the Lighting Group falls into three main areas: Sources and Ballasts, Light Distribution Systems and Controls and Communications. Click on a link below for more information about each of these research areas. Sources and Ballasts investigates next generation light sources, such as
Madrid Electric Lighting Report
Electric Lighting Quality Page 1 of 2 ELECTRIC LIGHTING QUALITY MAGIC BOX is a versatile home. Its design allows to change the room size by opening and closing the movable walls...
Automatic lighting controls demonstration
The purpose of this work was to demonstrate, in a real building situation, the energy and peak demand reduction capabilities of an electronically ballasted lighting control system that can utilize all types of control strategies to efficiently manage lighting. The project has demonstrated that a state-of-the-art electronically ballasted dimmable lighting system can reduce energy and lighting demand by as least 50% using various combinations of control strategies. By reducing light levels over circulation areas (tuning) and reducing after hours light levels to accommodate the less stringent lighting demands of the cleaning crew (scheduling), lighting energy consumption on weekdays was reduced an average of 54% relative to the initial condition. 10 refs., 14 figs., 3 tabs.
Rubinstein, F.; Verderber, R.
Lighting energy audit workbook
A simple test to determine the need for a lighting energy audit is followed by how-to information on conducting the audit, identifying savings opportunities, and developing an energy management plan for lighting.
Inverse Lighting for Photography
We introduce a technique for improving photographs using inverse lighting, a new process based on algorithms developed in computer graphics for computing the reflection of light in 3D space. From a photograph and a 3D surface model for the object pictured, inverse lighting estimates the directional distribution of the incident light. We then use this information to process the photograph digitally to alter the lighting on the object. Inverse lighting is a specific example of the general idea of inverse rendering. This refers to the practice of using the methods of computer graphics, which normally are used to render images from scene information, to infer scene information from images. Our system uses physically based rendering technology to construct a linear least squares system that we solve to find the lighting. As an application, the results are then used to simulate a change in the incident light in the photograph. An implementation is described that uses 3D models from a laser...
Stephen R. Marschner; Donald P. Greenberg
Fast Light, Fast Neutrinos?
Light has been observed with group velocities both faster and slower than the speed of light. The recent report from OPERA of superluminal 17 GeV neutrinos may describe a similar phenomenon.
Cahill, Kevin
Light Wavelength and Plants
Light Wavelength and Plants Name: John Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: I just was wandering whether plants grow better in artificial light or in sunlight. I am...
Germinating and Light
Germinating and Light Name: Chris Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Can you tell me how plants determine where the light is once they are out of the soil and not a...
PFP Emergency Lighting Study
NFPA 101, section 5-9 mandates that, where required by building classification, all designated emergency egress routes be provided with adequate emergency lighting in the event of a normal lighting outage. Emergency lighting is to be arranged so that egress routes are illuminated to an average of 1.0 footcandle with a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle, as measured at floor level. These levels are permitted to drop to 60% of their original value over the required 90 minute emergency lighting duration after a power outage. The Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) has two designations for battery powered egress lights ''Emergency Lights'' are those battery powered lights required by NFPA 101 to provide lighting along officially designated egress routes in those buildings meeting the correct occupancy requirements. Emergency Lights are maintained on a monthly basis by procedure ZSR-12N-001. ''Backup Lights'' are battery powered lights not required by NFPA, but installed in areas where additional light may be needed. The Backup Light locations were identified by PFP Safety and Engineering based on several factors. (1) General occupancy and type of work in the area. Areas occupied briefly during a shiftly surveillance do not require backup lighting while a room occupied fairly frequently or for significant lengths of time will need one or two Backup lights to provide general illumination of the egress points. (2) Complexity of the egress routes. Office spaces with a standard hallway/room configuration will not require Backup Lights while a large room with several subdivisions or irregularly placed rooms, doors, and equipment will require Backup Lights to make egress safer. (3) Reasonable balance between the safety benefits of additional lighting and the man-hours/exposure required for periodic light maintenance. In some plant areas such as building 236-Z, the additional maintenance time and risk of contamination do not warrant having Backup Lights installed in all rooms. Sufficient light for egress is provided by existing lights located in the hallways.
This Methodology Booklet provides a comprehensive review and methodology guiding principles for constructing energy efficiency indicators, with illustrative examples of application to individual countries. It reviews work done by international agencies and national government in constructing meaningful energy efficiency indicators that help policy makers to assess changes in energy efficiency over time. Building on past OECD experience and best practices, and the knowledge of these countries' institutions, relevant sources of information to construct an energy indicator database are identified. A framework based on levels of hierarchy of indicators -- spanning from aggregate, macro level to disaggregated end-use level metrics -- is presented to help shape the understanding of assessing energy efficiency. In each sector of activity: industry, commercial, residential, agriculture and transport, indicators are presented and recommendations to distinguish the different factors affecting energy use are highlighted. The methodology booklet addresses specifically issues that are relevant to developing indicators where activity is a major factor driving energy demand. A companion spreadsheet tool is available upon request.
Sathaye, Jayant; Price, Lynn; McNeil, Michael; de la rue du Can, Stephane
TMS Light Metals Publication
The following instructions should be used when submitting a manuscript for any TMS Light Metals proceedings volume. INTRODUCTION. Orientation to�...
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting
Solid-State Lighting Search Solid-State Lighting Search Search Help Solid-State Lighting HOME ABOUT THE PROGRAM R&D PROJECTS MARKET-BASED PROGRAMS SSL BASICS INFORMATION RESOURCES FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES EERE » Building Technologies Office » Solid-State Lighting Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on AddThis.com... Pause/Resume Photo of a large room with people standing around poster boards.
Lighting management casebook
Fifteen examples illustrate how lighting system projects can save energy as well as improve productivity and safety. The case histories include the use of programmable lighting, fiber optics, skylights, voltage reduction, ultrasonic and infrared sensors, and other strategies for improving lighting efficiency. Each case history includes the management approach, site information, and applications. (DCK)
Advanced Lighting Guidelines
Information about energy-effective lighting technologies is required to be updated as old technologies become obsolete and new technologies begin to make important market impacts. Providing a comprehensive, state-of-the-art update of lighting technology application and information is necessary to ensure that lighting decision-makers have the best possible information available at all times.
Energy conserving practices in providing lighting for today's buildings are examined in this second of a two-part presentation. Discussion on light source characteristics, ballast characteristics for gaseous discharge lamps, quality and the cost of lighting, and equivalent sphere illumination are included.
Data-driven Co-clustering Model of Internet Usage in Large Mobile Societies
Design and simulation of future mobile networks will center around human interests and behavior. We propose a design paradigm for mobile networks driven by realistic models of users' on-line behavior, based on mining of billions of wireless-LAN records. We introduce a systematic method for large-scale multi-dimensional coclustering of web activity for thousands of mobile users at 79 locations. We find surprisingly that users can be consistently modeled using ten clusters with disjoint profiles. Access patterns from multiple locations show differential user behavior. This is the first study to obtain such detailed results for mobile Internet usage.
Moghaddam, Saeed; Ranka, Sanjay; Somaiya, Manas
ADIFOR working note No. 11: ADIFOR strategies related to POINTER usage in MM5
POINTERs are nonstandard Fortran statements which cannot be processed by ADIFOR. We are interested in generating derivative code for MM5, a mesoscale model code which uses POINTERs extensively and in a particular structured manner. We briefly report on POINTERs and their role in MM5 and, for their particular usage in MM5, describe the three-step code transformation scheme consisting of pre-ADIFOR, ADIFOR, and post-ADIFOR transformations that result in the generation of correct derivative code for MM5.
Bischof, C.; Khademi, P.; Knauff, T.
Visualization of Instrumental Verification Information Details (VIVID) : code development, description, and usage.
The formulation, implementation and usage of a numerical solution verification code is described. This code uses the Richardson extrapolation procedure to estimate the order of accuracy and error of a computational program solution. It evaluates multiple solutions performed in numerical grid convergence studies to verify a numerical algorithm implementation. Analyses are performed on both structured and unstructured grid codes. Finite volume and finite element discretization programs are examined. Two and three-dimensional solutions are evaluated. Steady state and transient solution analysis capabilities are present in the verification code. Multiple input data bases are accepted. Benchmark options are included to allow for minimal solution validation capability as well as verification.
Roy, Christopher John; Bainbridge, Bruce L.; Potter, Donald L.; Blottner, Frederick G.; Black, Amalia Rebecca
Resonant energy transfer in light harvesting and light emitting applications.
??The performance of light emitting and light harvesting devices is improved by utilising resonant energy transfer. In lighting applications, the emission energy of a semiconductor� (more)
Chanyawadee, Soontorn
LIGHT FORCE: An Exploration of Light through Design.
??What falls into the realm of light and what it means to design and the human experience? Can light be material? How does light change� (more)
Chen, Tzu
Solid-State Lighting: Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting...
Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting Solutions to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Webcast: Evaluating LED Street Lighting Solutions on Facebook Tweet about...
Lighting Group: Sources and Ballasts: LED Task Light
light The goal of this project is to accelerate the use of energy efficient light emitting diode (LED) technology for general lighting applications by developing a task lamp...
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos
Solid-State Lighting Videos to Solid-State Lighting Videos to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Videos on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Solid-State Lighting Videos On this page you can access DOE Solid-State Lighting (SSL) Program videos. Photo of a museum art gallery with LED lights in track fixtures overhead. The City of Los Angeles LED Streetlight Program
Lighting Lighting Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting on AddThis.com... Pause/Resume Photo of a large room with people standing around poster boards. Register Now for DOE's 11th Annual SSL R&D Workshop January 28-30, join other SSL R&D professionals from industry, government, and academia to learn, share, and shape the future of lighting.
Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts
About the About the Program Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Solid-State Lighting Contacts on AddThis.com... Contacts Partnerships Solid-State Lighting Contacts For information about Solid-State Lighting, contact James Brodrick Lighting Program Manager Building Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy
Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls
Adaptive Street Lighting Adaptive Street Lighting Controls to someone by E-mail Share Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Facebook Tweet about Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Twitter Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Google Bookmark Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Delicious Rank Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on Digg Find More places to share Solid-State Lighting: Adaptive Street Lighting Controls on AddThis.com... Conferences & Meetings Presentations Publications Webcasts Videos Tools Adaptive Street Lighting Controls This two-part DOE Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium webinar focused on LED street lighting equipped with adaptive control components.
An indicator is presented for measuring the lowspeed velocity of an object in one direction where the object returns in the opposite direction at a high speed. The indicator comprises a drum having its axis of rotation transverse to the linear movement of the object and a tape wound upon the drum with its free end extending therefrom and adapted to be connected to the object. A constant torque is applied to the drum in a direction to wind the tape on the drum. The speed of the tape in the unwinding direction is indicated on a tachometer which is coupled through a shaft and clutch means to the drum only when the tape is unwinding.
Digney, F.J. Jr.; Bevilacqua, F.
The Unreliability of Inflation Indicators
Analysts seeking evidence of rising inflation often focus on the movements of a single indicator�an increase in the price of gold, for example, or a decline in the unemployment rate. But simple statistical tests reveal that such indicators, used in isolation, have very limited predictive power. Controlling inflation�perhaps the most vital responsibility of the Federal Reserve�requires a high degree of foresight. Because policy actions to curb inflation typically take effect only after a long lag, the Federal Reserve needs to know in advance when inflation is likely to rise. Consequently, to understand where prices are headed and what policy steps are appropriate, policymakers turn to forecasts of inflation. In this edition of Current Issues, we consider the usefulness of certain �indicator variables � in forecasting inflation. These variables�which include commodity
Stephen G. Cecchetti; Rita S. Chu; Charles Steindel
Emerging Lighting Technology
Emerging Lighting Technology Emerging Lighting Technology Bruce Kinzey Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FUPWG - Portland, OR April 20, 2011 www.ssl.energy.gov 2 | Solid-State Lighting Program GATEWAY Demonstration Program * Purpose: demonstrate new SSL products in real-world applications that save energy, match or improve illumination, and are cost- effective * Demos generate critical field experience providing: - Feedback to manufacturers - Data for utility incentives - Market readiness of specific applications to users - Advancement in lighting knowledge Central Park, NY Photo: Ryan Pyle Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C. Photo: Scott Rosenfeld www.ssl.energy.gov 3 | Solid-State Lighting Program LED Product Explosion www.ssl.energy.gov 4 | Solid-State Lighting Program LEDs are Not a Universal Lighting
Industrial lighting handbook
Technological advances in industrial lighting system components now make it possible to reduce lighting system consumption by up to 50% or more without loss of the benefits inherent in good quality electric illumination. Management involvement in decisions about industrial lighting is essential, however, and this document provides generalized information in lay terms to help decision-makers become familiar with the concerns that affect industrial environment and the financial well-being of their companies. The five sections (1) discuss the benefits of good lighting, (2) review certain major lighting issues and terms, (3) identify procedures for developing a lighting energy management plan, (4) identify lighting energy management options (LEMOs), and (5) discuss sources of assistance. 19 figures, 8 tables.
Photonic crystal light source
A light source is provided by a photonic crystal having an enhanced photonic density-of-states over a band of frequencies and wherein at least one of the dielectric materials of the photonic crystal has a complex dielectric constant, thereby producing enhanced light emission at the band of frequencies when the photonic crystal is heated. The dielectric material can be a metal, such as tungsten. The spectral properties of the light source can be easily tuned by modification of the photonic crystal structure and materials. The photonic crystal light source can be heated electrically or other heating means. The light source can further include additional photonic crystals that exhibit enhanced light emission at a different band of frequencies to provide for color mixing. The photonic crystal light source may have applications in optical telecommunications, information displays, energy conversion, sensors, and other optical applications.
Fleming, James G. (Albuquerque, NM); Lin, Shawn-Yu (Albuquerque, NM); Bur, James A. (Corrales, NM)
Advances in Lighting
Increasing electricity costs have made a significant impact on lighting. The Illuminating Engineering society (I.E.S.) and the lighting industry are producing new standards, procedures and products to make lighting more appropriate and energy efficient. This paper will describe the factors which affect the performance of lighting systems, introduce the new I.E.S. procedures for selecting illuminance values and lighting power limits, and illustrate some of the recent developments in the lighting industry. The importance of efficient lighting may be measured by the potential reduction in the electrical demand, and energy consumed. Since it also represents a visible use (or misuse) of energy, it may also reflect on other aspects of a company's energy management program.
Tumber, A. J.
Evolution in lighting
Lights consume 20-25% of the nation's electricity, establishing strong incentives to develop more efficient lighting strategies. Attention is turning to where, when, and how we light our environment, and the potential savings add up to half the lighting load nationwide. Some types of lamp are more efficient than others, but characteristics other than energy consumption may dictate where they can be used. Current lighting strategies consider task requirements, light quality, and the potential for daylighting. Energy management systems that control the timing and intensity of light and new types of energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures are increasingly attractive to consumers. The effort will require continued research and the awareness of decision makers. 4 references, 8 figures.
Lihach, N.; Pertusiello, S.
Correlating Power Quality Indices with System Reliability Indices
Energy companies can use better knowledge about existing power quality to target maintenance efforts, to establish a baseline for offering premium power services, and to use as a selling tool to sell sites with high power quality. Unfortunately, most energy companies do not have widespread, long-term records of power quality needed to provide this information. But energy companies often have good historical records of reliability indices for all circuits on their system (System Average Interruption Frequ...
Light scattering for aerogel characterization
for aerogel characterization for aerogel characterization Title Light scattering for aerogel characterization Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 1998 Authors Hunt, Arlon J. Journal Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids Volume 225 Pagination 303-306 Keywords aerogel, light scattering, microstructure Abstract Light scattering is a useful tool to evaluate aerogel clarity, study its structure, pore size, mechanical strain, and examine the modes of sol-gel evolution that determine its microstructure. Ultraviolet-visible transmission spectroscopy can be used to study the wavelength dependent scattering to readily compare aerogels of differing origins, thickness, and to evaluate effects of residual contaminants. Infrared reflectance measurements can be used to determine the effective real and imaginary indices of refraction of porous aerogel materials for material property and radiant heat transfer studies. Measurements of scattering at a fixed angle can be used for quality control, to evaluate sources of scattering, and study inhomogeneities. Measurement of the Mueller matrix (describing the 16-element angle-dependent transformation of intensity and polarization of incident to scattered light) provides information about the anisotropy, large pore fraction, induced stresses, microstructure and inhomogeneities in the aerogel. The time evolution of scattering before and after gel formation gives information.
Lighting in Commercial Buildings, 1986
6 Lighting in Commercial Buildings Lighting in Commercial Buildings --1986 Overview Full Report and Tables Detailed analysis of energy consumption for lighting for U.S. commercial...
Energy Basics: Lighting and Daylighting
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Lighting Daylighting Passive Solar Design Space Heating & Cooling Water Heating Lighting and Daylighting Buildings can be lit in two ways: by using artificial lighting, or by...
Lighting Group: Sources and Ballasts
incorporating LEDs into tomorrows task lights, to reducing light entrapment within the LED, to fundamental research into how Organic Lighting Emitting Diodes operate. LED and...
by using artificial lighting, or by using daylighting, or the process of using natural sunlight, windows, and skylights to provide lighting. Learn more about: Lighting Daylighting...
Optimal Power Procurement and Demand Response with Quality-of-Usage Guarantees
In this paper, we propose a general operating scheme which allows the utility company to jointly perform power procurement and demand response so as to maximize the social welfare. Our model takes into consideration the effect of the renewable energy and the multi-stage feature of the power procurement process. It also enables the utility company to provide quality-of-usage (QoU) guarantee to the power consumers, which ensures that the average power usage level meets the target value for each user. To maximize the social welfare, we develop a low-complexity algorithm called the \\emph{welfare maximization algorithm} (WMA), which performs joint power procurement and dynamic pricing. WMA is constructed based on a two-timescale Lyapunov optimization technique. We prove that WMA achieves a close-to-optimal utility and ensures that the QoU requirement is met with bounded deficit. WMA can be implemented in a distributed manner and is robust with respect to system dynamics uncertainty.
Huang, Longbo; Ramchandran, Kannan
Lessons Learned from Dependency Usage in HERA: Implications for THERP-Related HRA Methods
Dependency occurs when the probability of success or failure on one action changes the probability of success or failure on a subsequent action. Dependency may serve as a modifier on the human error probabilities (HEPs) for successive actions in human reliability analysis (HRA) models. Discretion should be employed when determining whether or not a dependency calculation is warranted: dependency should not be assigned without strongly grounded reasons. Human reliability analysts may sometimes assign dependency in cases where it is unwarranted. This inappropriate assignment is attributed to a lack of clear guidance to encompass the range of scenarios human reliability analysts are addressing. Inappropriate assignment of dependency produces inappropriately elevated HEP values. Lessons learned about dependency usage in the Human Event Repository and Analysis (HERA) system may provide clarification and guidance for analysts using first-generation HRA methods. This paper presents the HERA approach to dependency assessment and discusses considerations for dependency usage in HRA, including the cognitive basis for dependency, direction for determining when dependency should be assessed, considerations for determining the dependency level, temporal issues to consider when assessing dependency, (e.g., considering task sequence versus overall event sequence, and dependency over long periods of time), and diagnosis and action influences on dependency.
April M. Whaley; Ronald L. Boring; Harold S. Blackman; Patrick H. McCabe; Bruce P. Hallbert
Solvent usage and recycling potential in a research and development setting
Argonne National Laboratory utilizes thousands of gallons of chemicals each year. Laboratory wastes can be broadly characterized as coming from three focus areas: (1) restoration and decommissioning associated wastes generate larger quantities of waste on a one-time basis. The wastes may be non-hazardous to highly toxic and the quantities are variable. (2) Laboratory operations generate approximately 50% of all waste disposed. Operational waste can be characterized as less hazardous, reasonably consistent in nature, generally in larger quantities. (3) the final waste stream is small quantities of many different materials coming from many different waste streams. This waste stream is at the center of ANL`s pollution prevention program. The research areas have implemented many pollution prevention techniques. Solvent substitution has been effective in reducing hazardous cleaning wastes, scintillation cocktail wastes, and other chlorinated wastes. Micro chemistry is effective at minimizing certain chemical process wastes, developing new analytical chemistry procedures has reduced and eliminated other waste forms. New instrumentation has provided first level reductions in many waste streams. Despite these new techniques solvent usage remains the largest research related waste stream. The present solvents are generated from instruments such as electrophoresis and high pressure liquid chromatographs (HPLC), solvent extractions, biological staining and cleaning practices. ANL recognizes the significant role recycling this waste stream is in Pollution Prevention Program implementation. ANL initiated a study to quantify solvent usage, characterization of the waste solvent, and match the purity requirements exploring all opportunities to substitute and recycle.
Vivio, F.; Thuot, J.R.; Peters, R.W.
Proceedings: Workshop on prospects and requirements for geographic expansion of wind power usage
This report constitutes the proceedings of a workshop on the Prospects and Requirements for Geographic Expansion of Wind Power Usage held March 5-6, 1986, in Dallas, Texas. The workshop was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in cooperation with the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI). SERI is operated by Midwest Research Institute for the US Department of Energy. The workshop participants concluded that there are a number of areas in the United States with substantial wind resources. Determining the potential for development of these resources for wind power will require local, detailed wind measurements. The participants saw no technology barriers to more widespread usage of wind power. They considered the greatest potential for advancement of wind power technology to be in the application of power electronics to enable variable speed wind turbine operation and to integrate and improve wind power station control and protection. Although wind power stations were seen as posing no health hazards, public and utility acceptance of the technology, the participants agreed, will require strong educational activities in all aspects of wind power. The implications of these conclusions for the research programs of EPRI and other sectors are discussed.
Steitz, P.
Usage of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Along the Corridors between the EV Project Major Cities
The report explains how the EVSE are being used along the corridors between the EV Project cities. The EV Project consists of a nationwide collaboration between Idaho National Laboratory (INL), ECOtality North America, Nissan, General Motors, and more than 40 other city, regional and state governments, and electric utilities. The purpose of the EV Project is to demonstrate the deployment and use of approximately 14,000 Level II (208-240V) electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and 300 fast chargers in 16 major cities. This research investigates the usage of all currently installed EV Project commercial EVSE along major interstate corridors. ESRI ArcMap software products are utilized to create geographic EVSE data layers for analysis and visualization of commercial EVSE usage. This research locates the crucial interstate corridors lacking sufficient commercial EVSE and targets locations for future commercial EVSE placement. The results and methods introduced in this research will be used by INL for the duration of the EV Project.
Mindy Kirkpatrick
Environmental management need environmental indicators
OECD countries are collectively the biggest users of natural resources in the world and the environmental, economic and social consequences of the production and consumption of these resources and of related economic activities extend far beyond their ... Keywords: environment, environmental indicator, management, sustainable development
Davorin Kralj; Anita Trnav?evi?
MSPI False Indication Probability Simulations
This paper examines false indication probabilities in the context of the Mitigating System Performance Index (MSPI), in order to investigate the pros and cons of different approaches to resolving two coupled issues: (1) sensitivity to the prior distribution used in calculating the Bayesian-corrected unreliability contribution to the MSPI, and (2) whether (in a particular plant configuration) to model the fuel oil transfer pump (FOTP) as a separate component, or integrally to its emergency diesel generator (EDG). False indication probabilities were calculated for the following situations: (1) all component reliability parameters at their baseline values, so that the true indication is green, meaning that an indication of white or above would be false positive; (2) one or more components degraded to the extent that the true indication would be (mid) white, and �false� would be green (negative) or yellow (negative) or red (negative). In key respects, this was the approach taken in NUREG-1753. The prior distributions examined were the constrained noninformative (CNI) prior used currently by the MSPI, a mixture of conjugate priors, the Jeffreys noninformative prior, a nonconjugate log(istic)-normal prior, and the minimally informative prior investigated in (Kelly et al., 2010). The mid-white performance state was set at ?CDF = ?10 ? 10-6/yr. For each simulated time history, a check is made of whether the calculated ?CDF is above or below 10-6/yr. If the parameters were at their baseline values, and ?CDF > 10-6/yr, this is counted as a false positive. Conversely, if one or all of the parameters are set to values corresponding to ?CDF > 10-6/yr but that time history�s ?CDF < 10-6/yr, this is counted as a false negative indication. The false indication (positive or negative) probability is then estimated as the number of false positive or negative counts divided by the number of time histories (100,000). Results are presented for a set of base case parameter values, and three sensitivity cases in which the number of FOTP demands was reduced, along with the Birnbaum importance of the FOTP.
Dana Kelly; Kurt Vedros; Robert Youngblood
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