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Fancy a Festive Flutter?
7th December 2014
Join us for just £10
Let your hair down...
2014 Xmas Party Nights
Friday 12th & Saturday 13th December
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Beginners and Seasoned race goers
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Welcome to Kelso Races
We are a National Hunt Racecourse staging jumps racing from September through until May in the beautiful Borders countryside and picturesque town of Kelso.
Known as Britain's Friendliest Course a very warm welcome awaits and we look forward to seeing you racing.
Click here for our Season's race dates!
Plan Your Day
We very much look forward to welcoming you to Kelso Racecourse and hope you find the information below helpful in planning and preparing for your day.Our Season starts in October and runs through until the end of May and for a full calendar of our ra...
Guide to Tickets
The Racecourse has a choice of two Enclosures: PADDOCK This is the larger of the two enclosures with the newest of our Stands (The Tweedie Stand) providing extensive covered viewing to the front and a large public bar with self-service food and Tot...
Eating and Drinking
Whether you just want to grab a quick bite or whether it's high quality fine dining you're after, Kelso has it all with a wide choice of eating options available. Snacks are available in all of the course bars. A quick self-service outlet is p...
Beginners Guide
You can't beat the excitement of seeing racehorses and jockeys ride past you at full speed, right in front of your eyes. The ground vibrates at their awesome power and your heart skips a beat as you cheer your horse on, betting sli...
9 Days to go! Festive Flutters are going fast - Members entrance, £2 bet, race card code FF0712 at checkout http://t.co/FnBEjXaXxR #tenner
More Festive Flutter tickets available grab one before they all go again! discount code FF0712 at checkout http://t.co/FnBEjXaXxR #bargain
RT @anglersarms2014: Anyone hungry? #banoffee #desert #foodie #tasty http://t.co/bVsXNsGBEO


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Holiday Celebration Concert
Directed by Mihoko Tsutsumi of SUNY Oswego's music faculty, the College Choir, Festival Chorus and State Singers will perform John Rutter's "Gloria" and "Joy to the World." Free. 312-2130.
Location: St. Mary's Church, 103 W. Seventh St., Oswego
Tuesday, Dec 2, 7:30 p.m. - 9 p.m.
Theater performance: "It's a Wonderful Life"
This 90 minute live radio play follows the iconic story of George Bailey unfolds as he considers ending his life one fateful Christmas Eve. General admission seating. Doors to the event venue will open 30 minutes prior to the event. $10 (free for SUNY Oswego students with ID), including parking in the Culkin Hall lot (E-6) and nearby lot E-18. There will be one performance/reading at SUNY Oswego/Ballroom, Hewitt Union and one performance/reading at the Kallet Theatre in Pulaski, NY. http://www.oswego.edu/arts. 312-2141.
Location: Ballroom, Hewitt Union
Saturday, Dec 6, 2 p.m. - 4 p.m.
Women's Ice Hockey vs. Hamilton
$4 for adults, $2 for 5-17years, free for children under the age of 5, free for SUNY Oswego students with ID. Tickets may be purchased at tickets.oswego.edu. 312-2488
Location: Oswego, NY- Campus Center Ice Arena
Tuesday, Nov 25, 2 p.m. - 4 p.m.
Men's Basketball vs. Clarkson
$6 adults, $4 children 5-18, and free for SUNY Oswego students with ID and children under 5. Tickets may be purchased at tickets.oswego.edu. 312-3073.
Location: Oswego, NY- Max Ziel Gymnasium in Laker Hall
Tuesday, Nov 25, 5:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.
GOLD Third Thursdays
Visit http://www.facebook.com/events/453070221388940 for the latest locations or suggest your own!
Location: Various Cities
Thursday, Dec 18, 6 p.m. - 8 p.m.
GOLD Third Thursdays
Visit http://www.facebook.com/events/453070221388940 for the latest locations or suggest your own!
Location: Various Cities
Thursday, Jan 15, 6 p.m. - 8 p.m.
ANGEL LMS can be used to web-enhanced courses. Angel is compatible with both PCs and Macs. On PCs it works well with either Microsoft's Internet Explorer 7.0 & 8.0 or Mozilla Firefox 3.5 or above. When using a Mac, we have learned that Angel runs best when using Firefox Mozilla browser. Firefox can be downloaded for free at http://www.mozilla.org/.
Print ANGEL: Getting Started Guide
- In your web browser's address box, type: https://oswego.sln.suny.edu
- On the login page, type in your Laker NetID and password.
- Once you login, you will be on your Home page, which has the course(s) you are enrolled in listed on it. To enter your course, click on the course listed under the Courses Heading.
- Located on the far left-hand side of the screen are a group of buttons called the Power Strip.
- If you need technical assistance with ANGEL, contact the SLN Help Desk at 1.800.875.6269. For questions related to your ANGEL account (login problems, course not there, etc.), contact the SUNY Oswego CTS Help Desk at 315.312.3456.

subset: commoncrawl


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Houzz is the new way to design your home.
2,044 Beverly Hills, CA Specialty Contractors
R S Miles & Son Corp (562) 424-1818
We are an Alloy and Carbon Steel Plate Service Center specializing in full plates or cut to your unique specifications. Our flame cutting machines are electric eye operated and... Read More
List your business here for free - Learn More


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KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) - Cardinals manager Mike Matheny is under no illusions that his team will be able to put up the kind of offense it has the first two games of its three-game series against Kansas City all the time.
BELLEFONTE, Pa. (AP) - Jerry Sandusky was convicted Friday of sexually assaulting 10 boys over 15 years, a swift and emphatic end to a case that shattered Penn State University's Happy Valley image and brought down Hall of Fame football coach Joe Paterno.
MIAMI (AP) - Workout partners, NBA Finals foes, and in a few weeks, Olympic teammates.
MIAMI (AP) - And it's over. The Miami Heat have captured their second title, the first for LeBron James, and the offseason has officially arrived. But first, a look back at five things we're talking about after Game 5 of the NBA Finals:
MIAMI (AP) - LeBron James looked at the crowd, knowing he had just a few moments left on the court for the season.
MIAMI (AP) - As the Miami Heat's lead skyrocketed Thursday night from five just after halftime to an insurmountable 24 by the end of the third quarter, their fans outside the AmericanAirlines Arena decided it was time to celebrate the team's second NBA championship in six years.
MIAMI (AP) - The decision is final: LeBron James made the right call coming to Miami.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Tampa Bay reliever Joel Peralta was suspended for eight games by Major League Baseball on Thursday for having pine tar on his glove.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Roger Clemens rejected a plea deal that would have spared him prison time, and instead took his chances by going to trial.
BELLEFONTE, Pa. (AP) - Jerry Sandusky was either a "predatory pedophile" who lured young boys to Penn State with gifts and access to big-time football, or a victim of now-grown men who lied to get a payout, attorneys argued Thursday as the former coach's child sex abuse case went to a jury.
CLEVELAND (AP) - Not long after Johnny Damon joined the Indians, he gave each of his new teammates a gift - customized bathrobes with their names and jersey numbers embroidered on the back.
NEW YORK (AP) - CBS is launching a sports radio network.
CHICAGO - College football has always relied on polls and bowls to crown a national championship. It is an inexact science that has left many fans frustrated and wondering why they can't settle it on the field - like every other sport - with a playoff.
CHICAGO (AP) - The BCS commissioners are backing a playoff plan with the sites for the national semifinals rotating among the major bowl games and a selection committee picking the teams.
LAWRENCE (AP) - Michael Cummings has never been the go-to guy at Kansas at the beginning of the season.
MANHATTAN (AP) - When Curry Sexton looks back on his senior season for No. 13 Kansas State, he'll recall at least four 100-yard receiving games and more production than his first three years combined.
No. 5 TCU (8-1, 5-1 Big 12, CFP No. 4) at Kansas (3-6, 1-5), 2 p.m.
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) - The Chiefs won their first nine games a year ago, streaking toward the playoffs under new coach Andy Reid.
Things to watch in Week 12 of the Big 12 Conference season, when league co-leaders Baylor and Kansas State are among the four teams not playing:
Oregon jumped undefeated Florida State and moved into second in the College Football Playoff rankings while TCU took over the fourth spot Tuesday night.
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) - The Chiefs have promoted running back Charcandrick West from the practice squad and signed tight end Phillip Supernaw after losing Cyrus Gray and Demetrius Harris to season-ending injuries.
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) - After getting trounced by Tennessee in their season opener, the Kansas City Chiefs returned to their practice facility the following day and went through the game film in all its gory detail.
Two weeks ago, West Virginia coach Dana Holgorsen starting preparing for a Baylor team that was coming off a wild comeback win over TCU.


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The rooms in this Westin are huge and that is emphasized by thw fact that it's not overly furnished. The front desk staff is very good. The room I was in had no access to wifi, which was a bit of a pain.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Orbitz, Starwood, Booking.com, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Priceline, Venere, Expedia, getaroom.com, Despegar.com, Reservation Counter, Odigeo, Otel, TripOnline SA and Tingo so you can book your The Westin Prince Toronto reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
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November 23, 2014
UPDATE 6/20/14 @ 9:55 p.m.
CANNONSBURG, Ky. (WSAZ) -- All lanes of Interstate 64 are back open Friday night after a crash earlier involving a truck that leaked contents believed to be mineral oil, Boyd County 911 dispatchers said.
As of 9:45 p.m. Friday, traffic had resumed to normal in the area.
The crash happened near the junction of I-64 and Old U.S. 60. Three people were taken to the hospital with minor injuries.
The accident was reported just before 6:30 p.m. Friday.
The accident was reported just before 6:30 p.m. Friday near the junction of I-64 and Old U.S. 60.
Three people were taken to the hospital with minor injuries.
The substance is believed to be mineral oil with green dye in it. It originally was believed the substance might be a chemical, but that is not the case. Deputies say the substance is not considered hazardous.
Keep clicking on WSAZ.com for the latest on this story.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Library Links
- Using the LibraryFind useful information here about opening hours, borrowing , Library services and facilities.
- Library CatalogueSearch for Library resources.
- Subject Guides
Library online resources
Welcome to the new look Online Resources A-Z
To use any individual resource, click on its initial letter, then select the resource by name.
If you're not sure which resource to use, please refer to your Subject Guide.
Quick Links
- LexisLibraryGives access to a variety of legal sources, including UK and EU case reports, legislation, legal journals and Halsbury´s Laws of England.
- ScienceDirectContains full text and abstracts from over 2,500 journals in all fields of science, plus social sciences such as economics, management and business
- ScopusIncludes the abstracts and cited references of over 16,000 peer-reviewed titles from more than 5,000 international publishers in the sciences and social sciences. Scopus includes references of all articles published since 1996, offering newly-linked citations across the widest body of articles available including Open Access and electronic-only titles. 20 million pre-1996 records captured without references go back as far as 1823.
- Web of KnowledgeProvides access to the Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index.
- WestlawDatabase of legal materials from the United Kingdom, European Union, United States and other common law jurisdictions. Contains full-text case law and legislation, full-text journal articles from United States and Canadian law reviews and from a limited number of UK and other jurisdictions' law journals, plus some international materials.
Try out new tool for researchers
Have you tried Sage Research Methods Online, to see how it can help you with your research?
SAGE Research Methods is an exciting new resource which will help you:
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Getting help
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Try out Punch Historical Archive Online
Why not take a look at Punch Historical Archive
You can now access every issue and article from Punch, the great satirical magazine. Running from 1841 to 1992, the magazine looked at the important issues of the day, such as women's suffrage and World War I, but with a humorous edge. Punch provides a crucial insight into 19th- and 20th-century attitudes and social history illuminating everything from colonialism to the Cold War
Try out Punch Historical Archive and let us know what you think.


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The Kitchen Designer has been an avid reader of the New York Time's blog the Dream House Diary which chronicles a couples experiences while building their dream house on Anna Maria Island in Florida.
Here are some of her observations and critiques of the kitchen design process that this couple went through and that we can all learn a lot from.
The following two tabs change content below.
Timothy Dahl
Founder/EIC at Charles & Hudson
Timothy's background includes stints at This Old House, ELLE DECOR, Metropolitan Home and Woman's Day. His work has been published on Wired Design, Bob Vila, DIY Network, The Family Handyman and Popular Mechanics and he has been featured on the Martha Stewart radio show and as a speaker at the ALT Design Summit, K/BIS and the National Hardware Show.
Latest posts by Timothy Dahl (see all)
- Convert Your Circular Saw into a Table Saw - November 24, 2014
- The Internet of Things Will Change Your Home Forever - November 8, 2014
- Fall is Here, Time to Winterize Your Home - November 4, 2014


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- Publisher: Agetec Inc.
- Release Date: Dec 20, 2010
- Summary: Prepare to embark on an epic adventure and enter a land where monsters known as bosses once ruled with an iron fist. The local inhabitants have rebelled against the bosses by stealing their food supply. Now the bosses are slowly dying from starvation, and it's up to you to save them. Explore and discover magical items that will aid you on your adventure. Interact with intriguing monsters that desperately need your help to regain their energy. Be warned: The inhabitants may consider your heroic efforts to be a threat and become aggressive if you are caught with food. Do you best to avoid them, but if you need it, you're equipped with a powerful hammer that will temporally knock out the inhabitants. It's time to step up to the challenge and restore order to this chaotic land.… Expand
- Developer: ICM
- Genre(s): General
- # of players: 1 Player
- Cheats: On GameFAQs
- More Details and Credits »
Score distribution:
Positive: 0 out of 1
Mixed: 1 out of 1
Negative: 0 out of 1
Dec 23, 2010When all is said and done, Paul's Monster Adventure is not a bad game, but it is insanely short and does absolutely nothing significant for the player.


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Home » Opinion » Columns
Deroy Murdock: Where is the GOP alternative to Obamacare?
"At least they used to say, 'Well, we're going to replace it with something better,'" Obama said. "There's not even a pretense now that they're going to replace it with something better."
• Create a robust market in which individuals — not bosses or politicians — can choose to own and control portable health plans.
• Shift tax-deductibility of health premiums from employers to employees, to help workers purchase the coverage that they — not CEOs or senators — prefer.
• Free Americans to open voluntary, tax-free Health Savings Accounts from which they can finance over-the-counter drugs, routine medical care, and catastrophic insurance for severe ailments.
• Reform the medical-malpractice system, which propels health costs skyward.
• Limit federal involvement to supplying health-insurance subsidies to those remaining Americans who cannot care for themselves nor find relief through civil society, local and state government, or the initiatives outlined above. Rather than ruin medicine for 316 million people, government should assist the tough cases who cannot secure help elsewhere. Instead of disastrous micromanagement, Washington simply should offer direct cash payments to help the truly needy and infirm buy private health plans that satisfy their needs.
When even the Big Government workers who would run Obamacare reject it, the time has come to dispatch this smoldering wreck to the scrap yard.But before the Congressional GOP can expect the American public to climb aboard the medical bullet train that they envision, Republicans themselves need to embrace its blueprints.
- Thomas Sowell: The 'experts' look down on you - 1
- Kathy Sullivan: We need to rethink some of our county government positions - 12
- David Harsanyi: The two-state solution is dead - 1
- Pat Buchanan: A rogue President remakes America - 1
- Another View -- Max Boot: Six steps to a better strategy for defeating ISIS - 1
- Jonah Goldberg: Wait, when did we finish talking about Gruber? - 4
- Charles Krauthammer: The climate pact swindle - 0
- Roger Simon: So why don't the media report better news? - 0
- George Will: Required reading on a Rockefeller - 0
Charles Arlinghaus: 'Tis the season for budget games and gimmicksREADER COMMENTS: 0
- One killed in Wednesday morning crash on I-89 in Warner - 0
- Police say Franklin man and woman facing charge of attempted prostitution of a minor - 0
- Police say hit-and-run driver was observed tossing beer cans from car - 0
- City championship on the line Thanksgiving Day - 0
- Your Turn, NH -- Mike Moffett: Republicans can win in 2016 with Kasich at the top of the ticket - 3
- On being American: A point for reflection - 0
- Police say woman stole pocketbook at Hudson Market Basket - 0
- Police say former manager of Hudson McDonald's stole $10k from restaurant - 0
- Manchester school exec contract squeaks by - 6
Police investigating death of 3-year-old girl in NashuaREADER COMMENTS: 2
Manchester school exec contract squeaks by
Pipes and plans: A chance to show up Mass.
Your Turn, NH -- Mike Moffett: Republicans can win in 2016 with Kasich at the top of the ticket
On being American: A point for reflection


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MINIATURE SCHNAUZER PUPPIES THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. Puppies pictured are all sold. Check out our site. Puppies must be 8 weeks to leave, check our Nursery Page and Upcoming Litters Page on our site.
Parents eyes CERF tested, first shots, vet check, micro chipped, wormings ...
Oct 23 -
Brattleboro :
Greenfield - Dogs & puppies
I have litter of toy and large toy size Schnau Tzu puppies the end of September. Mom is an AKC sable toy shih Tzu and Dad is a AKC large toy white chocolate schnauzer. Mom and dad are both pictures below! Will send update pics upon request! Puppies will be non shedding and ...
Oct 17 -
Burlington :
Lake Placid - Dogs & puppies
Raised in home with other pets and kids. Socialized from birth. Started crate/house training. No-shed/hypoallergenic. Extremely friendly, intelligent and healthy and playful. Should grow to about 15 lbs. Will come with Health Guarantee, up to date on shots, vet checked, ...
Oct 7 -
Hagerstown-Martinsburg :
Middletown - Dogs & puppies
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


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NO RESERVE AUCTION 1993 BUICK ROADMASTER WAGON ORIGINAL 100,000 MILES 5.7 V8 FUEL INJECTED NEEDS WOOD CONTACT PAPER REPLACED ON ONE DOOR , ITS... More
Just in! Call or visit our website for more information.... More
Detailed and smooth running 322 cu. In. V-8 Dynaflow automatic transmission Refinished in Matador red paint Excellent Black/Red leather interior New Black canvas power... More
- Steel body- Custom show car- 1 of 2,576 produced in 1946- Frame-off restoration- LS1 Corvette engine- 4L60E Corvette automatic transmission- C4 chromed Corvette... More
Stk. 1913 1950 Buick Roadmaster The Roadmaster model was first launched in 1936 by Buick based on their longest non-limousine chassis. It would continue to... More
THIS CAR HAS NOT BEEN DETAILED YET READY FOR SALE LOTS OF PHOTOS COMING SOON IF YOU WANT US TO GET IT CLEANED UP... More
1941 BUICK ROADMASTER CUSTOM WAS PURCHASED AS A RUST-FREE COUPE, CHOPPED 5.5- INCHES BY THE RENOWNED CUSTOMIZER NAMED RAMSEY. THIS EXCITING CONVERTIBLE COUPE WAS... More
This 1957 Buick Roadmaster 75R is located in our Chicago Illinois showroom. 1957 marked a very limited run of only 2404 cars with... More
1949 Buick Dynaflow. with straight-8 power. model 76-C Roadmaster convertible a rare two owner survivor car! , code 31 Carlsbad black with a red... More
1955 Buick Roadmaster 76 C, fresh out of a total body-off restoration of a 43,000 mile original car, simply the finest anywhere! All systems... More
1951 Buick Roadmaster Station Wagon, totally "on the button", runs and drives well, older restoration that is still very presentable, radial tires, year of... More
1955 Buick Roadmaster Convertible, Here is a stunning example of one of the most beautiful 1950s convertibles produced by Buick. This 1955 Buick Roadmaster... More
1952 Buick Roadmaster Convertible. Restored. Excellent. Only 2,402 produced. Odometer showing only 20,460 miles. Photo documented restoration with receipts. Driven 4,000 miles since restoration.... More
Buick, established in 1903, is the oldest American automobile manufacturer in existence. This 1953 Buick Roadmaster Skylark Convertible, built in February 1953, was one... More
Excellent restoration in gorgeous colors. First-year Dynaflow with straight-8 power. Fully functional hydraulics. Ready to tour! This handsome model 76-C Roadmaster convertible features a lovely... More


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October 12, 2014
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Copyright Royalty Board leaves download royalties unchanged
The Copyright Royalty Board has issued new guidelines which leave the royalty rate for digital downloads at 9.1 cents per song sold. As a panel of three federal judges that sets the royalty rates paid by record labels to music publishers and songwriters for the sale of CDs or digital downloads, the Board had been under pressure from the National Music Publishers Association to raise the rate to as high as 15 cents per song, a proposal that Apple had openly opposed.
"If iTS (iTunes Store) were forced to absorb any increase in the mechanical royalty rates, the result would be to significantly increase the likelihood of the store operating at a financial loss - which is no alternative at all," Eddy Cue, Apple's vice president of Internet Services, told the Board in April 2007. "Apple has repeatedly made clear that it is in this business to make money, and would most likely not continue to operate iTS if it were no longer possible to do so profitably." The threat was apparently not further substantiated over the last year and a half, in which Apple became the country's largest music retailer, a fact which would have made a shutdown of the iTunes Store extremely unlikely. Additionally, the board for the first time set a royalty rate of 24 cents for ringtone sales, which were not covered under the group's previous guidelines.
Related Stories
- Verizon sponsoring ad-free listening to all U.S. iTunes Radio users
- iTunes music sales down at least 13 percent worldwide
- Apple working to cut music subscription prices
- Apple formally debuts iTunes 12 after three months of betas
- U2's Bono apologizes for automatic iTunes album download
- Apple releases another iTunes 12 beta
I was kind of hoping Apple would drop out of the music business. No I don't have anything against iTunes because I love to get DRM free tracks from the iTunes store. However my thought is if Apple was to drop out of the music business, they would likely be more open to allow other music stores to put out there own store apps on the Apple mobile OS platform. Those people that don't have a Apple mobile device (IE iPhone / iPod Touch) can be redirected to other online music stores as well. Wouldn't it be nice if you could just buy your mp3's from any music store you wish right on your iPhone or iPod Touch? That will never happen as long as Apple stays in the music business.. Until they can offer all their music DRM free, I could only hope the music store go's under.
Posted by Phoenixfury on October 3, 2008 at 12:48 PM (CDT)
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Blackwater UMC Sunday Sermon, March 3, 2013 - Sermon Videos
Embed jaymek01 171 views 2013-03-05T08:04:12 Rev. Ted Turman's Sunday Morning Sermon at Blackwater UMC on March 3, 2013. Visit us at www.blackwaterumc.com
"The Work of the Gardener"
Luke 13:1-9
"The Work of the Gardener"
Luke 13:1-9
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- November 13: Over 184,000 GM SUV Owners Won't Have To Park Outside
- September 3: Auto Customer Satisfaction Reaches 5-Year Low in 2014
1995 Buick LeSabre
engine Problems
Worst 1995 LeSabre engine Problems
Click on a problem below to read more.
- engine stalls/shuts off while driving12
- engine idles too high1
- engine surges1
- sputtering when accelerating and stalls1
- NHTSA: Engine And Engine Cooling: Engine: Gasoline9
- NHTSA: Vehicle Speed Control6
- NHTSA: Engine And Engine Cooling: Engine3
- NHTSA: Engine And Engine Cooling: Engine: Gasoline: ...2
- NHTSA: Vehicle Speed Control: Cruise Control1
- NHTSA: Vehicle Speed Control: Linkages1
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Compare Buick LeSabre Model Years
Curious how the 1995 LeSabre compares to other years?
Check out our Buick LeSabre overview to see the most problematic years, worst problems and most recently reported complaints with the LeSabre.


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Ibis Chartres Centre
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Travel Blogs from Chartres
... Geeeez, guess we're not the cat whisperers that we thought we were. Dang. The town was tres cute! I have pictures, which I'll try to upload. Then we went to a winery, where the husband and wife prune, pick the grapes, crush them, bottle it, etc. they were super nice, the husband didn't speak English, but the wife did, she was adorable. Just now, the captain announced Champagne happy hour in the lounge, so we're headed there. More later! ...
... Heart of Italy tour two years ago and decided to travel together again. So that leaves me being the only truly single traveler. It's a bit daunting. Our group consists mainly of people from the Portland area and California; one couple is from Boise, and I'm pretty sure there's someone from Bellingham too. The most "exotic" couple we have is from Newfoundland.
We chose buddies -- mine is ... oh ****. Well, at least I recognize him. Then we had a short walk around Chartres, which ...
By rail to Chartres
... canal and old mill races along the banks. The views looking up to the cathedral were very impressive. We had a coffee at a cafe up in the town and then caught the train back to town. That ran much better. It was a direct train and we were back at Rue de Grenelle in about 90 minutes. We walked up to the markets and bought some prawns and potatoes and had another night in. We both crashed pretty hard and had a good nights ...
Highways, not byways
... park bench in the market square watching the stall-holders pack up some enormously long trailers. Then it was best foot forward time again back along the river to
home. Apparently Chartres is all lit up at night, but only from nightfall, which at the moment is about 10.00pm, until 1.00am. We would have liked to have seen it then, but could not face the
riverside walk at that time of night.
The cathedral and the abbey
... back out to see what we could before the sunlight faded. After exploring as much of the abbey as we could from the outside (since it was closed), we returned to have dinner at the restaurant in our hotel, which offered a stunning view of the bay.
Back in our room after dinner, we broke out a bottle of German wine we had picked up in Nordlingen (having sampled white all along the Deutshaland, I was curious ...
Other places to stay in Chartres
Novotel ChartresAvenue Marcel Proust, Chartres | 3 star hotelfrom $106
Kyriad ChartresAngle Rd 24 et Avenue Gustave Eiffel, Chartres | 2 star hotelfrom $70
L'Oree de ChartresRue des Pierres Missigault, Chartres | 2 star hotelfrom $97
BEST WESTERN Le Grand Monarque22 Place Des Epars, Chartres | 3 star hotelfrom $157
Ibis Chartres Centre Cathedrale14 place Drouaise, Chartres | Hotelfrom $101
Timhotel Chartres Cathedrale6-8 av. Jehan-de-Beauce, Chartres | 4 star hotelfrom $144
Hotel Jehan de Beauce19, avenue Jehan de Beauce, Chartres | 2 star hotelfrom $86
Campanile ChartresZa Des Propylees Route de Gallardon, Chartres | 3 star hotelfrom $81
Ibis Styles ChartresZA Forum du Coudray, Chartres | 2 star hotelfrom $104
Hotel Marmotte ChartresZone Arago Rue De Sours, Chartres | Hotelfrom $58
Ibis Budget ChartresLa Rocade Sud - Station Total, Chartres | Hotelfrom $60
hotelF1 ChartresAvenue d'Orleans, Chartres | Hotelfrom $39
L'Hotel28 Rue du Grand Faubourg, Chartres | 3 star hotelfrom $108
Hotel du Boeuf Couronne13-15, place Chatelet, Chartres | Hotelfrom $118
Mercure Chartres Centre Cathedrale3 rue du General Koenig, Chartres | 4 star hotelfrom $143


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Everything arrived in good condition, shipping was prompt and hassle free. Will consider doing business again. I hesitate recommending them with their you pay all shipping both ways even if it's our mistake policy, but I guess if they never make mistakes; but they apparently felt they had to make that a policy. To their credit, no mistakes on this, my first order so far, prices are good, and selection on the web-site is quite good.
PartsGeek never lets me down, always has the best cost on OEM parts and provides quick delivery. There are no headaches when ordering from PartsGeek. I wish all online stores could say the same. ...


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Our Services are FREE! (800) 536-6652
We receive countless questions about the New Jersey Lemon Law on our 1-800-LEMON-LAW Hotline. That's why we've put together this FAQ to answer the most common questions our clients ask us when filing their claim.
If you believe your vehicle is a lemon, you should know that legal representation is completely free under the New Jersey Lemon Law. Win or lose, you won't pay a cent, with no risk involved whenever you contact our firm.
If you think you have a NJ lemon law claim and would like free legal help, submit your Lemon Law claim online or call 1-800-LEMON-LAW (1-800-536-6652).
The NJ Lemon Law is in place to protect consumers who purchase vehicles (cars, personal trucks, motorcycles) from non-conformities (such as issues or defects that impair the use, value, or safety) that a manufacturer-authorized dealership cannot repair within a reasonable number of attempts (normally three or more).
Outcomes can include a complete repurchase of the defective vehicle, a brand new vehicle, or significant monetary compensation to reflect the diminished value of the vehicle as a result of the problem, plus continued ownership.
Absolutely! Legal representation under the New Jersey Lemon Law is 100% cost-free with no risk involved whenever you work with us.
We're able to offer cost-free legal representation under the fee-shifting provisions of the New Jersey Lemon Law. If you prevail in your case, the manufacturer is required to cover all attorney fees and legal costs, in addition to any remedy you are owed.
If you submit your Lemon Law claim and we accept your case, you won't pay anything out of pocket, win or lose. These fee-shifting provisions give you - the consumer - equal footing when battling against a multi-billion dollar automobile manufacturer.
The NJ Lemon Law is in place to protect consumers who have purchased a vehicle that suffers a repetitive defect or non-conformity that first occurs within the first two years (24 months) or 24,000 miles spent with that vehicle - whichever comes first. A manufacturer-authorized dealership only has three attempts to repair the vehicle before the consumer can file a claim.
Not always. If your vehicle is in the shop for 20 days or more within the first 24 months or 24,000 miles of owning the vehicle, we can file a claim under the New Jersey Lemon Law. These 20 days do not need to be consecutive, nor for the same problem, so long as they fall within the aforementioned timeframe.
In addition, if your car is not fixed after one repair attempt for a problem that could cause death or serious bodily injury, you may have a potential claim.
If you find yourself in a situation where you think your vehicle may fall under your state's Lemon Law statutes, we welcome you to send us your information for our consideration. We handle each case on an individual basis and have made exceptions in the past.
You might. If you're having an ongoing problem with your vehicle, and your car is still under the manufacturer's warranty, we can still help you under the Federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. Under this law, consumers can receive significant monetary compensation to reflect the diminished value of their vehicle as a result of the problem, plus they get to keep the vehicle.
Much like Lemon Law, legal representation is 100% cost-free under the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
Yes. Just like purchased vehicles, leased vehicles are covered under the NJ Lemon Law.
Yes, the NJ Lemon Law covers motorcycles with the same degree of protection provided to cars and personal trucks.
No. While problems can occur immediately, even in brand-new vehicles, you must follow proper procedures if you hope to open a claim under the New Jersey Lemon Law.
While we understand that dealing with a defective vehicle can be incredibly frustrating, you should NEVER, under any circumstances, drop your car and keys at a dealer and say "I don't want this car anymore." This can be considered a "voluntary repossession," and it could damage your credit score. If you are having problems with any vehicle, consult a NJ Lemon Law lawyer immediately.
While there is a New Jersey Used Car Lemon Law, it only applies to dealerships. The NJ Used Car Lemon Law does not apply to manufacturers or warrantors.
Typically, we prefer to represent consumers under the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. As mentioned earlier, this law provides the same cost-free representation as the New Jersey Lemon Law, protecting consumers with used cars who have repeated problems under an original or extended manufacturer's warranty.
Additionally, if a dealer misrepresents a car at the time of sale, not disclosing lemon or salvage history and/or lying about accident history, you may have rights under the New Jersey Unfair Trade Practices Act. If this has happened to you, email us as soon as possible and we will be happy to review your claim.
The NJ Lemon Law does not cover commercial vehicles and the living facilities of motor homes.
While it's possible to file a claim through the Better Business Bureau (BBB), through the NJ Consumer Affairs office, or on your own, it is strongly recommended that you instead work with an experienced attorney.
In fact, many consumers prefer to pursue their claim with an experienced lawyer, as all fees and legal costs are completely covered under the NJ Lemon Law. There's no risk involved when consulting an attorney regarding your claim, and in many instances, cases can be settled more quickly in pre-litigation, without the need to file a lawsuit.
Both the NJ Consumer Affairs office and the BBB are very selective in the cases they will accept, often turning away strong, legitimate claims. Likewise, the decisions made by the NJ Lemon Law Unit are legally binding - if you lose your case, there may be no way to appeal.
Email us, and we will get back to you shortly.
Or call 1-800-LEMON-LAW (1-800-536-6652) and speak to an attorney who understands your Lemon Law rights!


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A circuit substrate has one or more active components and a plurality of passive circuit elements on a first surface. An active semiconductor device has a substrate with layers of material and a plurality of terminals. The active semiconductor device is flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate and at least one of the terminals of the device is electrically connected to an active component on the circuit substrate. The active components on the substrate and the flip-chip mounted active semiconductor device, in combination with passive circuit elements, form preamplifiers and an output amplifier respectively. In a power switching configuration, the circuit substrate has logic control circuits on a first surface. A semiconductor transistor flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate is electrically connected to the control circuits on the first surface to thereby control the on and off switching of the flip-chip mounted device.
1. A flip-chip integrated circuit comprising:
a circuit substrate having a transistor component and a plurality of passive circuit elements on a first surface, wherein said transistor component is integral to said circuit substrate to form an active device connected to function in an amplifier circuit; and
an active semiconductor device comprising a substrate distinct from said circuit substrate, said active semiconductor device comprising layers of semiconductor material and a plurality of terminals, each of the terminals in electrical contact with one of the layers of semiconductor material, said active semiconductor device flip-chip mounted on said first surface of the circuit substrate, at least one of the terminals electrically connected to the transistor component on the circuit substrate.
2. The circuit of
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14. A flip-chip integrated circuit comprising:
a circuit substrate having amplifier electronics and passive circuit elements on a first surface, wherein said amplifier electronics are integral to said circuit substrate to form an amplifier device; and
a semiconductor transistor comprising a substrate distinct from said circuit substrate, said semiconductor transistor flip-chip mounted on said first surface of the circuit substrate and in electrical connection with passive circuit elements on the first surface, said semiconductor transistor forming a flip-chip amplifier in combination with said passive circuit elements, said flip-chip amplifier having an input electrically connected to the amplifier electronics.
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This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/335,915, filed Jan. 2, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,825,559.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to semiconductor devices, and more particularly to semiconductor devices that are flip-chip mounted on circuit substrates having passive components and/or active components.
2. Description of Related Art
Microwave systems commonly use solid state transistors as amplifiers and oscillators, which has resulted in significantly reduced system size and increased reliability. To accommodate the expanding number of microwave systems, there is an interest in increasing their operating frequency and power. Higher frequency signals can carry more information (bandwidth), allow for smaller antennas with very high gain, and provide radar with improved resolution.
Field effect transistors (FETs) and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are common solid state transistors that can be fabricated from semiconductor materials such as silicon (Si) or gallium arsenide (GaAs). One disadvantage of Si is that it has low electron mobility (approximately 1450 cm2/V-s), which produces a high source resistance. This resistance seriously degrades the high performance gain otherwise possible from Si based FETs. [CRC Press, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Dorf, p. 994, (1997)]
GaAs is also a common material for use in HEMTs and has become the standard for signal amplification in civil and military radar, handset cellular, and satellite communications. GaAs HEMTs have a higher electron mobility (approximately 6000 cm2/V-s) and a lower source resistance than Si, which allows GaAs based devices to function at higher frequencies. However, GaAs has a relatively small bandgap (1.42 eV at room temperature) and relatively small breakdown voltage, which prevents GaAs based HEMTs from providing high power.
Improvements in the manufacturing of Group-III nitride based semiconductor materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) has focused interest on the development of AlGaN/GaN based devices such as HEMTs. These devices can generate large amounts of power because of their unique combination of material characteristics including high breakdown fields, wide bandgaps (3.36 eV for GaN at room temperature), large conduction band offset, and high saturated electron drift velocity. The same size AlGaN/GaN amplifier can produce around ten times the power of a GaAs amplifier operating at the same frequency.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,987 to Khan et al. discloses AlGaN/GaN based HEMTs grown on a buffer and a substrate, and a method for producing a HEMT. Other HEMTs have been described by Gaska et al., �High-Temperature Performance of AlGaN/GaN HFET's on SiC Substrates,� IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 18, No 10, October 1997, Page 492; and Wu et al. �High Al-content AlGaN/GaN HEMTs With Very High Performance�, IEDM-1999 Digest pp. 925-927, Washington D.C., December 1999. Some of these devices have shown a gain-bandwidth product (fT) as high as 100 gigahertz (Lu et al. �AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC With Over 100 GHz ft and Low Microwave Noise�, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 48, No. 3, March 2001, pp. 581-585) and high power densities up to 10 W/mm at X-band (Wu et al., �Bias-dependent Performance of High-Power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs�, IEDM-2001, Washington D.C., Dec. 2-6, 2001)
Group-III nitride based semiconductor devices are often fabricated either on sapphire or SiC substrates. One disadvantage of sapphire substrates is that they have poor thermal conductivity and the total power output of devices formed on sapphire substrates can be limited by the substrate's thermal dissipation. Sapphire substrates are also difficult to etch. SiC substrates have higher thermal conductivity (3.5-5 w/cmk) but have the disadvantages of being relatively expensive and not available in large wafer diameters of 4-inch and greater. Typical semi-insulating SiC wafers are three inches in diameter and if the active layers of a transistor are formed on the wafer along with the passive components, interconnections, and/or pre-stage amplifiers, the yield in number of devices per wafer is relatively low. This reduced yield adds to the cost of fabricating Group III transistors on SiC substrates.
GaAs and Si semi-insulating wafers are available in larger diameters at a relatively low cost compared to the smaller diameter SiC wafers. GaAs and Si wafers are easier to etch and have low electrical conductivity. Another advantage of these wafers is that fabrication of semiconductor devices and other processing can be conducted at a commercial foundry, which can reduce cost. One disadvantage of these wafers is that they cannot be easily used as a substrate for Group-III nitride based devices because the lattice mismatch between the materials leads to poor quality semiconductor devices. Another disadvantage of these wafers is that they have low thermal conductivity.
In some instances GaAs semiconductor devices may not have the necessary operating characteristics. For example, a GaAs based multistage amplifier may not be able to provide the required output power levels. In such cases it may be desirable to fabricate a GaN based multistage amplifier. However, such an implementation has some disadvantages. First, the area required for a multi-stage MMIC with interstage networks and all the passive circuit elements is large. Expensive real estate on the GaN transistor substrate would be used up in hosting passive elements. Second, device and circuit models of GaN transistors are less established than their GaAs counterparts, thus making it difficult to accurately design and yield multistage GaN amplifiers that provide higher gain and power outputs.
A flip-chip integrated circuit according to the invention includes a circuit substrate having one or more active components and a plurality of passive circuit elements on a first surface. The circuit also includes an active semiconductor device comprising a substrate with layers of material and a plurality of terminals. Each of the terminals is in electrical contact with one of the layers of material. The active semiconductor device is flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate and at least one of the terminals of the device is electrically connected to an active component on the circuit substrate.
In another configuration, a flip-chip integrated circuit includes a circuit substrate with amplifier electronics and passive circuit elements on a first surface and a semiconductor transistor that is flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate. The flip-chip transistor is in electrical connection with passive circuit elements on the first surface. The flip-chip transistor, in combination with passive circuit elements, forms a flip-chip amplifier having an input electrically connected to the amplifier electronics.
Another flip-chip integrated circuit according to the invention includes a circuit substrate having control circuits on a first surface and a semiconductor transistor that is flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate. Another control circuit configuration includes a Si based circuit substrate with control circuit elements on a first surface and a Group III nitride semiconductor transistor that is mounted on the circuit substrate. The transistor has a gate and a drain, at least one of which is electrically connected to one of the control circuit elements on the first surface. The circuit can be used for power switching applications
In another flip-chip integrated circuit configuration, a circuit substrate including an insulating material, has passive circuit elements on a first surface. A Group III nitride active semiconductor device is flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate and is electrically connected to the passive circuit element.
Another flip-chip integrated circuit according to the invention includes a circuit substrate having drive electronics on a first surface and conductive material on a second surface opposite the first surface. An active semiconductor device having a plurality of terminals on a first surface and a layer of material on a second surface opposite the first surface, is flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate so that at least one of its terminals is in electrical contact with the drive electronics on the circuit substrate. The circuit further includes a first heat sink adjacent the conductive material on the circuit substrate and a second heat sink adjacent the layer of material on the active semiconductor device.
These and other further features and advantages of the invention would be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taking together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Generally, SiC wafers are preferred over sapphire and Si because they have a much closer crystal lattice match to Group III nitrides, which results in Group III nitride films of higher quality. SiC also has a very high thermal conductivity, so the total output power of Group III nitride devices on SiC is not limited by the thermal resistance of the wafer (as is the case with some devices formed on sapphire or Si). Also, the availability of semi-insulating SiC wafers provides the capacity for device isolation and reduced parasitic capacitance that make commercial devices possible. SiC substrates are available from Cree Inc., of Durham, N.C. and methods for producing them are set forth in the scientific literature as well as in a U.S. Pat. Nos. Re. 34,861; 4,946,547; and 5,200,022. Other possible substrate materials include gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum nitride (AlN).
The AlxGa1-xN and other epitaxial layers can be deposited on the wafer using different epitaxial growth methods such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or hot-filament CVD or Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The terminals can be deposited on the active layers using sputtering, evaporation or plating, including other steps as necessary to complete device fabrication.
For a HEMT, the terminals include source and drain contacts that preferably comprise alloys of titanium, aluminum, nickel and gold, and a gate contact that preferably comprises titanium, platinum, chromium, nickel, gold, alloys of titanium and tungsten, and platinum silicide.
In step 14, bonding pads are formed on at least one of the device's terminals and the bond will contact the circuit substrate when the device is flip-chip mounted as described below. During typical operation of an AlGaN HEMT the drain contact is biased at a specified potential (positive drain potential for an n-channel device) and the source is grounded. For HEMTs, the bond pad is included on the source contact so it can be electrically connected to ground on the circuit substrate. The bonding pads are preferably made of a highly conductive material such as gold (Au) and they can be deposited using sputtering. Other materials can be used such as a solder bonding pad and bond pads can also be provided on other contacts of the HEMT as required.
In step 16 the active semiconductor devices on the wafer are separated into individual devices, preferably by dicing. Alternatively the devices can be separated by a scribe and break. If needed, parts of the wafer can also be separated instead of individual devices.
In step 18 drive electronics for driving one or more of the active semiconductor devices are formed on a circuit substrate wafer. The circuit substrate should be low cost, available in large diameters, easy to process, have low electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. GaAs and Si are suitable materials for the circuit substrate and have all of the desired characteristics except high thermal conductivity. Other suitable circuit substrate materials include SiC, indium phosphide (InP) and insulating materials such as aluminum nitride (AlN) and ceramic materials. The thermal conductivity of these materials can be improved by using conductive vias as described below. The drive electronics can comprise active components, passive components and interconnections in different combinations. In one such combination, the active components include transistors. These transistors, in combination with one or more of the passive components, may be interconnected to form a pre-stage amplifier. In another combination, the active components may form logic circuits.
The drive electronics form drive circuits for the flip-chip mounted active semiconductor devices. In embodiments including pre-stage amplifiers, the amplifiers are typically interconnected in series to amplify lower signals, thereby forming a multistage amplifier. After the pre-stage amplifiers amplify the signal, it can be applied to the flip-chip mounted semiconductor device for high power amplification. In this configuration, the flip-chip mounted semiconductor device is a transistor that is electrically connected to passive components on the circuit substrate to form an amplifier. Pre-stage amplifiers are not needed in embodiments where the flip-chip mounted device can be driven by passive components and interconnects without pre-stage amplification. The active components, passive components and interconnections can be deposited on the circuit substrate using a commercial foundry process, which helps reduce manufacturing costs.
A different number of active devices can be driven by the drive electronics. In one embodiment, a single drive electronics circuit can drive a single active device. In other embodiments, a drive circuit can drive more than one active device or one active device can be driven by more than one drive electronics circuit.
The passive components can include, but are not limited to, resisters, capacitors and inductors, and the interconnections can comprise traces of conductive material or transmission line network elements on the circuit substrate. The active components and passive components can be formed using MOCVD, CVD or hot-filament CVD, MBE and the traces can be formed using sputtering or electron beam deposition or plating.
In alternative step 20, one or more conductive vias are formed through the circuit substrate, with each of the drive circuits utilizing at least one conductive via. In one embodiment according to the invention, the vias form a conductive path to ground for an active semiconductor device that is flip-chip mounted to one of the drive circuits as described below; they also promote the device's heat dissipation. Different methods can be used for forming the vias, including but not limited to forming a hole through the circuit substrate using wet chemical HF etching, RIE, ICP or plasma etching. The inside surface of the vias can then be covered with a layer of conductive material, preferably gold (Au), which can be deposited using sputtering. In still another embodiment, the top of the conductive vias can include a plug of conductive material to enhance heat dissipation.
In another embodiment of a method according to the present invention, the circuit substrate for active flip-chip devices can operate without the path through the substrate. As a result, the device does not include conductive vias or a plug. The device can be connected to ground through other paths, such as through a coplanar waveguide arrangement including interconnects on the circuit substrate. Heat can be extracted from the device in other ways, such as through a heat sink attached to the back of the device.
In step 22, the active semiconductor device is flip-chip mounted on the circuit substrate having the Au bond pad in electrical contact with the Au in the vias, in an Au�Au flip-chip bond. Alternatively, conventional bump bonding based on Au or solder can be used. For an AlGaN HEMT, the Au bond on the source contact is in electrical contact with the vias. The gate and drain contacts can then be electrically bonded to the drive electronics on the circuit substrate, with the gate typically connected to the input side and the drain connected to the output side of the drive electronics.
In step 24 the drive electronic circuits and active devices on the circuit substrate are separated into individual integrated circuits. This can be accomplished by the same methods described above that are used to separate the active devices or regions of active devices.
In another alternative step 26, one or more heat sink base plates can be formed on the integrated circuit (before or after being separated), with the base plates then being connected to one or more heat sinks. Heat from the active device and circuit substrate flows into the base plates and then into the heat sink, where it dissipates. The base plates can be arranged in many different ways, including but not limited to, adjacent to the active device and/or the circuit substrate.
Methods according to the present invention can be used to fabricate many different devices beyond AlGaN HEMTs. The different steps of the methods can also be accomplished using different processes and the steps of the methods can be taken in different order.
The present invention also discloses an active semiconductor device that is flip-chip mounted on a circuit substrate having active components and/or passive components and interconnections.
A GaN high resistivity layer 34 is deposited on the wafer 30 and a AlGaN barrier layer 36 is deposited on the high resistivity layer 34. The high resistivity layer 34 is typically about 0.5 to 4 micrometers thick and the barrier layer 36 is typically about 10 to 40 nm thick.
To provide separation between the individual HEMTS and to provide a location for the source and drain contacts 38, 40, the barrier layer 36 is etched to the high resistivity layer 34. The source and drain contacts 38, 40 are deposited on the surface of the high resistivity layer 34 with the barrier layer 36 disposed between them. Each of the contacts 38, 40 are in electrical contact with the edge of the barrier layer 36.
The contacts 38, 40 are usually separated by a distance in the range 1.5 to 5 micrometers for microwave devices, but could be 1 to 10 micrometers in special cases. A rectifying Schottky contact (gate) 42 is located on the surface of the barrier layer 36 between the source and drain contacts 38, 40, and it typically has a length in the range of 0.1 to 2 micrometers. The total width of the HEMT 32 depends on the total power required. It can be wider than 30 millimeters, with the typical width being in the range of 100 microns to 6 millimeters.
The barrier layer 36 has a wider bandgap than the GaN layer 34 and this discontinuity in energy band gaps results in a free charge transfer from the wider band gap to the lower band gap material. Furthermore, in the Group III-Nitride system, piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization results in a significantly higher charge density. A charge accumulates at the interface between the two layers and creates a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) 35 that allows current to flow between the source and drain contacts 38, 40. The 2DEG 35 has very high electron mobility which gives the HEMT a very high transconductance. An AlN spacer/barrier may also be included between the AlGaN layer and the GaN high resistivity layer, as disclosed in patent application Publication No. U.S. 2002/0167023 A1.
During operation, the drain contact 40 is biased at a specified potential (positive drain potential for an n-channel device) and the source is grounded. This causes current to flow through the channel and 2DEG, from the drain to the source contacts 38, 40. The flow of current is controlled by the bias and frequency potentials applied to the gate 42, which modulate the channel current and provide gain. The voltage applied to the gate 42 electrostatically controls the number of electrons in the 2DEG directly under the gate 42, and thus controls the total electron flow.
A bonding pad 43 is also included on the source contact 38 for flip-chip bonding to the circuit substrate as described below. When the HEMTs 32 on the wafer 30 are separated into individual HEMTs, portions of the GaN layer 34 and SiC wafer 30 between the HEMTs are removed leaving individual devices as shown in
Different passive components can be used including resistors 56 or capacitors 58, and the interconnects 53 can be conductive traces 60. The passive components 52 and the interconnects 53 together serve as the drive electronics and matching circuit for an active device that is flip-chip mounted on substrate 50 (as described below). The substrate 50 can have drive electronics for more than one active device and the passive components 52 and traces can be formed using the methods as described above in the method of
A hole 61 is formed through the GaAs wafer 51, and the inside surface and top opening of the hole is covered with a layer 62 of material having high electrical and thermal conductivity. The layer 62 forms a conductive via 63 through the wafer 51. The bottom surface of the wafer 51 can also be covered with a layer of material 64 having high electrical and thermal conductivity, with the preferred material for the layers 62 and 64 being Au. Electrical current and heat pass through the layer 62 and are spread into layer 64. The layers 62 and 64 together serve as the electrical contact to ground for a device that is flip-chip mounted on the substrate 50. They also help dissipate heat from the flip-chip mounted device. This is particularly useful for GaAs and Si substrates that have relatively low thermal conductivity. Generally, the larger the vias 63, the more efficient the circuit substrate 50 is at dissipating heat if the circuit substrate does not have higher thermal conductivity than the material in the vias. Typical vias are 50-100 microns wide, but wider or narrower vias can be used.
A circuit substrate according to the present invention can have any combination of the substrate features shown in
The HEMT's bonding pad 43 on the source contact 38 is bonded to the surface of the circuit substrate 80 with the bonding pad 43 over the plug 84. The bonding pad 43 is bonded in electrical and thermal contact with the plug 84. The layer 89 serves as the integrated circuit's ground and the source contact 38 is connected to layer 89 through the plug 84 and via layer 86. Heat also flows to the layer 89 from the HEMT 32 through the plug 84 and via layer 86. The drain 40 and gate 42 are connected to the passive components 82 through conductive connections 102, 104 and interconnects 83 on the circuit substrate 80. By flip-chip mounting as shown in
The heat sinks used in any of the assemblies described in
The flip-chip integrated circuits described may be used to implement various types of circuitry including RF, microwave and mmwave power amplifiers.
The assembly includes a circuit substrate 150 with passive circuit elements including a resistor 151 (
With continued reference to
With continued reference to
The use of a GaN HEMT based amplifier at the output stage can provide greater than 10 times the output power compared to that available from an equivalent GaAs output stage. The flip-chip process takes advantage of the fact that the rest of the circuit, including GaAs amplifier before the output stage, interstage matching, and circuit environment, is all completed in a commercial process on large area substrates. An integrated circuit configured as such allows for the heterogeneous integration of multiple semiconductor technologies. For example, such a circuit may utilize a commercial lower cost GaAs MMIC multistage preamplifier and a high output stage GaN HEMT amplifier to provide a circuit having an increased total power output.
In addition to RF and microwave circuits, the flip-chip integrated circuits described may be used in the area of power electronic circuits. Typical power electronic circuits, such as power converters, inverters and switching circuits, are implemented with Si based electronics. Also power electronic circuits typically utilize extensive control circuits that are most easily and economically implemented with Si CMOS. These control circuits provide appropriate signals and synchronization to various high power elements such as switching transistors. In accordance with the present invention, a GaN HEMT power switching transistor may be used in conjunction with the Si based electronics to provide a circuit having an extremely high breakdown voltage (provided by the Group III nitride transistor), high mobility and very low ON resistance.
The assembly includes a circuit substrate 180 having passive circuit elements including a resistor 181 and a capacitor 182, interconnections 183 and logic circuitry 184 formed thereon. In a preferred embodiment, the circuit substrate 180 is a Si based substrate and the logic circuitry 184 is Si logic. In other configurations, the circuit substrate 180 and logic circuitry 184 may be formed using a different semiconductor material, such as, SiC. The substrate 180 includes conductive vias 185 that connect a first surface 186 of the circuit substrate with a second surface 187 of the substrate. A conductive structure 188, such as a ground plane, is adjacent the second surface 187 and in electrical connection with the vias 185. The ground plane 188 provides the ground connections required by the passive circuit elements 181, 182 and logic circuitry 184. Alternatively, the circuit substrate 180 may have a coplanar waveguide configuration, as previous described.
With continued reference to
Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred configurations thereof, other versions are possible. The sequence of the steps in the methods described above can be different. Other methods according to the invention can use more or less steps and can use different steps. All embodiments described above can be used with circuit substrates with or without pre-stage amplifiers and with or without via plugs. Many different types of integrated circuits made of many different materials can be flip-chip mounted according to the invention. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the claims should not be limited to the versions on the invention described in the specification.
Patent Citations
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Brown Bag Book Group
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Join us as we discuss The Maytrees by Annie Dillard. Meetings are from 12-1 PM ET. Lunch and beverages are available at the Cafe in Taylor Books. (BookDivasReads)
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Haro Apartment Rental Photos and Description
Charming apartment in Spain, wine, tourism
Apartamento con encanto Señorío de Haro is an old building completely rehabilitated caring sensitivity but with all the comforts of the twenty-first century.
The informal studio is fully equipped with television, washing machine, DVD player, stereo, irons, hair dryers, electric juicers, toaster, microwave, towels, sheets, soap for the body, cleaning articles and lift.
Cleaning service. You do not have daily maid service. For long stays, this service can be contracted at the request of the customer.
Details for unit_91246 Studio, Sleeps 3
- Suitability:
- Long-term Renters Welcome
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|Live Scores
|Video & Audio
Mohammad Isam at the MA Aziz Stadium
January 28, 2013
Sylhet Royals 176 for 7 (Nabi 43, Cooper 3-21) beat Chittagong Kings
172 for 6 (Naeem 72, Gazi 2-21) by three wickets
Sylhet Royals bludgeoned their way to a fifth consecutive win, beating Chittagong Kings by three wickets, to increase their lead at the top of the table.
Paul Stirling, Mohammad Nabi and finally Elton Chigumbura, with 31 off 17 balls, batted aggressively to take the Royals to victory with three balls to spare. The win silenced a sell-out crowd at the MA Aziz Stadium, but part from disappointing the home support it is the sort of cricket that the BPL requires to bring in more crowds.
Stirling started the chase by going across the line a number of times in his 25-ball 38 before getting run out after a mix-up with Nabi. Stirling had earlier survived a chance off a top edge that was dropped after Ravi Bopara and Naeem Islam collided at mid-on.
Nabi made up for his error by hitting consecutive sixes soon after in a vital 43 off 26 balls. But the chase came down to Chigumbura and the Zimbabwean made the difference with his three sixes, shepherding the finish with Suhrawadi Shuvo who crunched a boundary to complete the victory.
Earlier, Naeem anchored the Kings innings to make a career-best 72 off 52 balls with nine boundaries showing he could adapt after remodelling his game to suit longer versions. Naeem and Ravi Bopara added 78 for the first wicket before the Kings started to lose regular wickets. Ryan ten Doeschate made 21 off 10 balls towards the end to prop up the total, which seemed to be enough on a slow wicket.
But the wickedly fast outfield, with barren patches around the rope, played a role as the Royals used their power to good effect. For the Kings it continued their problems at home and this was their third loss in four matches.
Mohammad Isam is ESPNcricinfo's Bangladesh correspondentFeeds: Mohammad Isam
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
|Comments have now been closed for this article
Pakistan should not welcome Amir back
The serene team culture cultivated by Misbah and his men shouldn't be allowed to be disrupted by a player with a tainted past
'I don't blame Arjuna for my early retirement'
Former Sri Lanka batsman Asanka Gurusinha talks about playing and coaching in Australia, and tactics during the 1996 World Cup
'I'm a bit disappointed not to get that Test average up to 50'
Mahela Jayawardene reflects on his Test career, and the need to bridge the gap between international and club cricket in Sri Lanka
Dhoni's absence a guide to India's future
He's past his use-by date as a Test captain and keeper. India now have a chance to test Kohli's leadership skills
Rohit's record, and captains' equal scores
Also, scoring a hundred and opening the bowling, the youngest Australian player, and scoreless in three Tests
Pakistan should not welcome Amir back (181)
The serene team culture cultivated by Misbah and his men shouldn't be allowed to be disrupted by a player with a tainted past
November games need November prices (70)
An early start to the international season, coupled with costly tickets, have kept the Australian public away from the cricket
'I'm a bit disappointed not to get that Test average up to 50' (58)
Mahela Jayawardene reflects on his Test career, and the need to bridge the gap between international and club cricket in Sri Lanka
A crisis that defines the age (37)
Never mind cricket's absence from free-to-air TV - changes in social attitudes, the demands of work, and an individualistic age are all contributing to a decline in participation
Pujara and the challenge of being a Test-only batsman (34)
Shorter tours don't allow you time to get into form, and domestic cricket isn't demanding enough


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The categories "manual testing" and "automated testing" (and their even less helpful byproducts, "manual tester" and "automated tester") were arguably never meaningful, but they've definitely outlived their sell-by date. Can we please put them in the compost bin now? Thank you.
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Submitted: Mar 02 2013 / 07:04


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Community Preservation and Management, LLC (CP&M) is a full service construction management, maintenance and preservation company specializing in providing solutions for HOA managed single family, owned multi-family, REO rehabilitation and apartment industries. CP&M fills a void in the expansive needs of Common Interest Communities ranging from new developments with construction defect issues, to mature properties requiring drainage modifications or individual properties requiring limited common element rehabilitation. CP&M is well versed with the necessity to prioritize reconstruction or renovation projects with pragmatic, knowledgeable advice for industry professionals, attorneys, HOA managers and board members. We work diligently with either your project engineer, or on our own, to find solutions for the preservation of your community that fit restrictive budgets and maximizes property value. Our principals and employees have extensive experience in project evaluation, property acquisition & disposition, subdivision entitlement, community development, construction and renovation.
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CP&M is an accredited member of the Better Business Bureau. As a result, CP&M has been in compliance with the highest standards and requirements for operating a business. (The BBB's Reliability Report for CP&M is available on their website for anyone to see.)
Neal Wilder - President
As president of two Aurora condominium HOAs, I've had the pleasure of working with Jim Harmon and CP&M in connection with a number of involved construction projects over the past eighteen months. I should perhaps note that I've been president of Victoria Crossing II since 1997 and president at The Villas at Aspen Ridge since 2004. Victoria II was built in 1980 and has ninety-six units while The Villas at Aspen Ridge was completed in 2004 and has one hundred-eighty units.


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Houston Texans DE J.J. Watt is one of the most fearsome pass rushers the NFL has ever seen. But before he was forcing fumbles and knocking QBs to the turf by the dozens, Watt was an undersized kid with an oversized bullying problem. He was constantly picked on in school, and told that he would never play football because of his size. So when Watt met Billy, a local kid with his own bullying problem, the issue hit close to home.
Things weren't always looking up for the future HOFer. Near the end of his career as a QB at Michigan, Brady was expected to go in the late rounds of the NFL draft, if he was even selected at all. As insurance, Brady whipped up this résumé, and all the details pointed at a quiet, unassuming career in finance. My, how the times have changed.
Ma'ake Kemoeatu has always been on the lookout for his brother Chris. As the eldest of seven siblings, Ma'ke felt it was always his duty to look after the rest of his family - going so far as to receive a game suspension after improperly providing Chris textbooks to finish his schooling.
So when Chris began suffering greater and greater problems from his kidney - flareups and near-constant pain that nearly prevented him from playing the game and forced him to retire early - Ma'ake stepped up and provided the organ for transplant.
According to their doctors, the two players are recovering well. Clearly this is one family willing to step up for one another.
The owner of the restaurant offered a statement, via Business Insider:
I would like to address the LeSean McCoy tipping situation and our role in it.
For starters, I take total and complete responsibility for sharing this receipt. It was not our server's decision, it was mine. I am to blame.
I decided to take action after some serious thought. And while I'd like to apologize to Mr McCoy, I cannot in good conscience do so. I stand by my actions one hundred percent.
Mr McCoy and his three companions came into my place on Monday afternoon, and immediately the whole staff was excited. Mr McCoy is a skilled athlete and is one of our beloved Philadelphia Eagles. A true Philly legend and a sports hero. Understandably my staff was really pumped, especially on the heels of they terrific win the day before. (Go Eagles!).
Mr McCoy and his friend sat inside at a booth next to my management and next to me. They were given excellent service. Impeccable service. If anything, our server was a little nervous as was our food runner, because they are big, big fans.
He and his group, from the moment they sat down, were verbally abusive to our staff in the most insulting ways. The derogatory statements about women and their sheer contempt for the staff serving them wasn't the end, however. After Mr McCoy and his group left I looked over and saw their server, my friend, with his head bowed down and with a very confused look on his face. I took the receipt out of his hand and I couldn't believe that anyone could be so callous. Mr McCoy had left a .03% tip for our staff. Our staff that was beyond excited to see him walk into our burger joint and was excited to serve him. That's twenty cents on a tab of over $60. Twenty cents that our server has to split with the food runner and the bartender. Two dimes from an insulting multimillionaire.
I bet Mr McCoy is usually an awesome dude. And everyone has their bad days. But I'm from Philly and have had the pleasure of meeting many of our bad ass sports heroes. Ron Jaworski I met as a kid and I love. Iverson I loved. Mike Schmidt! You name 'em. I love all of our athletes past and present. Hometown heroes who treat those below them with some respect. And maybe Mr McCoy was having a "bad day" after his big victory all that, but the reports of him receiving "bad service" is a complete slanderous lie, and my crew here is better than that and deserves better than that.
At the end of the day, I did what I felt my heart told me to do. And I don't want anything from Mr McCoy, but...maybe an apology to his server who gave him excellent service would be cool.
Again, I am the owner and I take full responsibility for my actions. Eagles fans, I feel ya. Id be pissed too. But a man's gotta do what a man's gotta do and stick up for his friends.
Hate mail should be directed to email@example.com. I will respond to you right after I catch up on this mornings hate mail.


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Zabb Elee is still Zabb Elee.
- k
- knucklesandwich Sep 24, 2013 05:15 AM
They say it's Isan for "really delicious", and it still is.
I haven't been there in months, and given the buzz over chef Pooodam's Larb Ubol, I wasn't sure what to expect.
Nothing's changed; we had Som Tum Thai, Yum Kai Dao and Pad Ped Moo Krob. Everything was great, and I'd rank them pretty much dead even with LU.
The salad dishes remain more generously dressed than their counterparts at LU, which I like. I'd give LU an extra point for their PPMK, but ZE ha lost none of its might.
Good to know. Its been a while for me but with LU so much closer to work I see much more of it in the future
My son (30) and I will have 5 days in New York City first week of November, so we have pretty much one shot each for dinner at the best of the best in several categories: Thai, sushi, Italian, and deli. I already have an Open Table rez at Jungsik for our Wednesday. Lunches, snacks, and cocktails/bar food will be "flex and explore."
Which Thai restaurant would you consider your "don't miss?" I'd prefer sticking to Manhattan but I'm open to ideas.
re: jilkat25
I'd post this as it's own separate thread and put in what kinds of items you're looking for. Curries, noodle dishes, salads, etc.
Having been spending my baht as of late at Larb Ubol and especially Somtum Der, I decided to circle back to ZE. Yup, still as good as ever in the somtum and larb department. I much prefer over SSD's offerings of these items.
My favorites are the somtum tang kai tom- which is basically somtum Lao done with cucumbers. I love the big soupy entree sized portion, the fishy funkiness, the abundance of juicy sweet cherry tomatoes, and the legitimate pounded chile peppers. I've never felt shorted in anyway with this dish.
I haven't had a larb in the city better than their larb moo Thai- the one with ground pork meat, sprigs of crunchy pork ears, and slices of liver. Perfect balance of meaty and offal tastes and textures. They also used lemongrass in my last visit- which I love.
I haven't had the larb or somtum at LU yet, but I prefer ZE's over Somtum Der's by a good margin. However I like the later for other dishes that don't overlap with Zabb.
re: Silverjay
Those are my favorite dishes as well. Still haven't tried Somtum Der—I just don't know if it can live up to Zabb.
re: loratliff
the dishes that are good at somtum der are totally different than what's good at zabb elee, which makes it a nice contrast
re: knucklesandwich
im giong to write it up this weekend
re: knucklesandwich
The fried chicken, grilled pork, gaeng om soup, the two lemongrass dishes- one with sardines and one with leaf fish, are all good at SD. The somtum as appetizers are decent but inconsistent. The larb are all inconsistent. The raw shrimp dish is decent. The Beer Lao is good.
re: Silverjay
l could easily eat the Pad Ped Moo Krob every day and be perfectly happy. l love nibbling the peppercorns off of the stalks [vines? whatevs].
I've spent a fair amount of time in Laos as well as Thailand. Tried Larb Ubol for the first time this week and was a bit underwhelmed. The food was tasty enough (beef salad and Isaan sausage) but lacked the punch of Zaab Elee in Queens. A party of 4 sat down next to me and the first thing said was "Three of us don't like spicy". WTF? Why are you eating at an Isaan restaurant? Maybe they've dumbed the spices down a bit for the local clientele? Next time I'll make sure to tell them to "cook it like you do at home".
re: bruce3404
One of the nice things about ZE is that you can get really delicious non-spicy dishes there as well: every item l've tried from the Bangkok Specials section has been very good, and very mild.
re: howdini
Agreed. My wife isn't the fire eater that I am, so it's good to be able to go to a place that suits both of our tastes.
re: bruce3404
Went to ZE after a year of not going there. I thought the food was better than ever. Actually it was fantastic. The som tum kortmuar was amazingly good. The different types of sausage are so good. The crispy pork dish terrific.
Everything was great , the sour sausage great. Other dishes also were great and better than I remembered it to be.
Glad it's still "got" it. I live on the West Coast and I'm a big fan of Pok Pok in Portland, but I consider ZE to be of at least equal quality at half the price of Pok Pok NYC. I love what Andy Ricker is doing and am glad to see his adaptations of Thai street food do so well. But ZE has been doing it well for a long time, just without the national fanfare.
re: bruce3404
ZE is good, i think its slightly worse than when it first opened, but largely still the same
re: bruce3404
Not quite apples to apples as Andy is doing Northern Thai, with a few Vietnamese and Isaan dishes thrown in, while ZE is pretty much Isaan, with a few of what they call Bangkok dishes. I like both places....Another good Northern Thai place in PDX is simply called Chiang Mai. Excellent food.


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Comments about 'Utah Republican caucusgoers give a thumbs up to traditional process'
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@Mike Richards --
Speaking of GOP party platform :
You supported ethics violator John Swallow to the bitter partisan end.
The GOP seeks to trample the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
Right to Life?
Not when it comes to the "Health" of the woman or viability of the fetus.
Some of us "Republicans" do not cow-tow the extreme ends of the Party Line.
- 1:10 a.m. March 22, 2014
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@Living Above the Lighthouse, @Shane333, let's distinguish between
representative government and representative voting.
In representative government, the people choose who represents them but not necessarily how they are represented. The idea here is that sovereignty rests with the people, but it would be cumbersome and impractical to have a system where the people directly vote on every legislative matter that might arise.
In representative voting, that is, the caucus system, representatives are chosen to determine which candidates will represent a party. There's no way a delegate can represent the collective will of all the people who elected him. This means that in representative voting, the candidates that are chosen are actually less representative of the will of the electorate, which in turn leads to representative government where the people are actually less well represented than if they were directly involved at every stage in the voting process.
The fact that we have a representative system of government is precisely the reason why voters should have a direct say in the nominating process.
- 6:02 a.m. March 22, 2014
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@On the other hand, I couldn't agree more! I think many of those at the caucuses would argue that they don't really care if it isn't representative. Because they happened to choose to be involved in the caucus, their representation is all that should count. If you want to be represented, then come to the caucus, is what they would say. This attitude of isolation and exclusion of opinions and views is damaging. I don't this level of representative voting is a good system. I think the compromise made by the legislature and CMV is a good one.
- 7:17 p.m. March 23, 2014
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This is a collapsable metal rolling casket stand known as a "Church Truck," used for moving caskets around the cemetery, mortuary and to the chapel. This is a vintage model.
This prop makes a great rental item! Rent this funeral prop for $50 for one week. All Dapper Cadaver Props are available for rental. Click "Rentals" in the top bar to open a prop rental account.