text:
A method and apparatus for measuring the heterogeneity of oxygen delivery to perfused and in situ organs. A laser is employed as a flying spot scanning excitation fluorometer source which provides excitation for either oxidized flavoprotein of the mitochondrial space or reduced nucleotide of mitochondrial and cytosolic spaces. Emission from the two fluorochromes is acquired at 104 to 105 data points per sec. and histograms of the fluorescence intensity versus the number of occurrences of that intensity are displayed. The histograms show alterations of the intensity and the degree of heterogeneity of the redox states of the organ tissue under study.
1. A method of fluorometrically measuring the metabolic condition of an area of animal tissue comprising irradiating the area with a spot of excitation radiation, deflecting the spot to form a repeated geometric scanning raster pattern on the area and causing emission of radiation from points on which the spot of excitation radiation is incident whose intensity is in accordance with the metabolic state of such points, generating respective electrical signals whose amplitudes are in accordance with the intensities of radiation emitted from said points, and forming a display from said signals synchronized with said raster pattern and showing the relative intensities of the radiation from said points.
2. The method of claim 1, and wherein the excitation radiation comprises a laser beam.
3. The method of claim 1, and generating reflectance-compensating electrical signals whose amplitudes are in accordance with the intensities of excitation radiation reflected from said points, subtracting the reflectance signals from said first-named electrical signals, and forming said display from the resultant difference signals.
4. The method of claim 1, and wherein said display-forming step includes forming an intensity-modulated cathode ray raster pattern synchronized with the excitation radiation raster pattern.
5. The method of claim 1, and wherein said display-forming step includes forming a histogram of the fluorescence signal intensity versus the frequency of occurrence of the various emission signal intensities within limited ranges over the total range of intensities.
6. The method of claim 1, and wherein the excitation radiation comprises the beam of an He-Cd laser, for exciting fluorescence in oxidized flavoprotein in said area of tissue.
7. The method of claim 1, and wherein the excitation radiation comprises the beam of an Argon ion laser, for exciting fluorescence either in oxidized flavoprotein or reduced pyridine nucleotide in said area of tissue.
8. The method of claim 1, and wherein the spot is deflected so as to form a repeated substantially rectangular raster pattern.
9. A fluorometer apparatus for measuring the metabolic state of an area of animal tissue comprising a source of excitation radiation, means to direct said radiation from said source in the form of a beam to said area, means to deflect the beam to provide a repeated flying spot raster pattern on said area, whereby to generate emission radiation from the respective illuminated spots of the area of intensities in accordance with their metabolic state, photoelectric sensing means, means to direct the emission radiation to said sensing means, whereby to generate electrical signals in accordance with the emission intensities of the illuminated spots, and means to form an output on-line histogram display from said electrical signals indicating the relative intensities of the radiation emitted from said respective illuminated spots.
10. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 9, and wherein said display-forming means includes means to generate a visible raster pattern, means to synchronize said last-named raster pattern with the flying spot raster pattern applied to said area, and means to intensity-modulate the last-named raster pattern with said electrical signals.
11. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 9, and second photoelectric sensing means, means to divert a portion of the emission radiation to said second sensing means, filter means in the path of said diverted portion excluding fluorescence radiation from said diverted radiation portion, whereby said second sensing means receives substantially only reflected excitation radiation and whereby said second sensing means generates electrical signals in accordance with said reflected radiation, means to subtract said second-named electrical signals from the first-named electrical signals, and means to form said output display from the resultant difference signals.
12. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 9, and wherein said source of excitation radiation comprises a laser.
13. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 9, and wherein said display-forming means includes means to form a histogram synchronized with said raster pattern and indicating the frequency of occurrence of various signal intensities within limited ranges of intensities as a function of signal intensity.
14. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 9, wherein the source of excitation radiation comprises an He-Cd laser.
15. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 9, and wherein the source of excitation radiation comprises an Argon ion laser.
16. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 9, and wherein said deflecting means comprises respective spaced X-scan and Y-scan vibratory mirrors located in the directed path of radiation from said source, and means to drive said mirrors.
17. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 16, and means to synchronize said output display with the vibration of said Y-scan mirror.
18. The fluorometer apparatus of claim 16, and second photoelectric sensing means, a beam splitter in the optical path from said area to said first-named photoelectric sensing means arranged to divert a portion of the radiation from said area to said second sensing means, filter means between the beam splitter and the second sensing means passing substantially only excitation radiation reflected from said area, whereby said second photoelectric sensing means receives only said reflected excitation radiation from said area and generates electrical signals in accordance therewith, means to subtract said reflected excitation electrical signals from the first-named electrical signals to derive difference signals, and means to form said output display from said difference signals.
This invention relates to spectrofluorometers, and more particularly to a spectrofluorometer system employing flying spot excitation for deriving data in connection with oxygen delivery to perfused and in situ organs.
The perfection of surface fluorometry for measuring local metabolic states and for discerning the profiles of hypoxic regions has won considerably greater acceptance in perfused models, where the precision is high and the possibilities of artifacts few, and in situ organs, where care is required lest blood flow and blood volume changes in the area of the recording give spurious readings. In the latter case, satisfactory readout of reflectance signals at appropriate wavelengths, together with algorithms for applying a correction factor, lead to a remarkable clarity of recording, in spite of large hemodynamic changes. In particular, the instruments have been designed to record at a single point, or, more accurately, in an area from 10 microns to several millimeters in diameter. While this has been eminently satisfactory for giving a report on the general state of the area under observation, particularly in response to ischemia and hypoxia, the combined technique of freeze-trapping and low temperature scanning has suggested a considerable heterogeneity of the redox states of the brain cortex, heart, and liver, indicating microheterogeneity of the metabolic activity and/or of oxygen delivery to various parts of the organ. While the low temperature scanning procedure gives a " stop motion" picture of the phenomenon with considerable accuracy and resolution and the possibility of three-dimensional reconstruction, there is a need to be able to carry out on-line studies of distributions of redox states in a given area involved, for example, in a localized hypoxia in heart or brain. The goals may be either to identify an appropriate heterogeneous state for freeze-trapping and further examination of "maximal deviation" metabolic state, or to read off as a function of time the effects on the size of a hypoxic region in a normoxic tissue of such parameters as oxygen tension substrates, inhibitors or pharmacologic reagents.
Two approaches to a two-dimensional scan of tissue fluorescence have already been tried: first, the television approach with varying degrees of sophistication in the camera, i.e., image amplifiers, image converters, etc. Secondly, image amplifiers can be focussed on charge-coupled devices with considerable improvement in dynamic range, stability, etc. Preliminary tests of the latter configuration have been made. The performance of these techniques is not enhanced by the use of laser excitation of fluorescence, simply because the average power of a laser may not be very high, as compared with that of 1 KW Hg or Xenon (used with appropriate filters), when broadcase illumination over the sample is employed.
The flying spot scanner has previously been used with cathode ray tubes as light sources, and becomes advantageous for fluorescence excitation when a laser is used as the light source. For the past several years, cheap and efficient laser light sources have been available at wavelengths appropriate to oxidized flavoprotein and reduced pyridine nucleotide, and comparisons of the various lasers with mercury arcs, etc. have been made, particularly the He-Cd laser.
The present invention employs a flying spot fluorometer, affording a two-dimensional display and a signal histogram. A straight-forward example is the application of the instrument to liver, where heterogeneity of aerobic metabolism and homogeneity of anaerobic metabolism are clearly demonstrable. In perfused heart an on-line estimate of the surface area of a model infarct can be determined. In the brain, studies of changes of the distribution of hypoxic areas can be readily made, and are of great interest. This instrument can be used to effect the establishment of "maximum deviation metabolic states" at appropriate times following supplementation of perfused organs with substrates and inhibitors in normal and pathological states and thereby affording optimal material for detailed localized analytical biochemical procedures.
A simple and expedient approach can be chosen comprising flavoprotein excitation with the 422 nm line of the 10 mW He-Cd laser (Liconix Model 902). There can also be successfully used the Argon ion Laser (Lexel Model 96) emitting not only at 457.9 nm, suitable for flavoprotein, but also at 350/363 nm., suitable for excitation of reduced pyridine nucleotide.
The 1 mm spot of the He-Cd laser can be used directly as a source or via a lens and pinhole (100μ). An appropriate lens can give a spot of about 50μ or a diffraction-limited spot (0.33μ). In studies of liver there have been used a spot size of 0.1 mm and a scan pattern of 2 cm on edge for small animal models (rat brain, liver, kidney and heart).
A suitable scan system for the desired applications of the present invention are preferably such as to provide a repetition frequency of from one every few seconds to several times a second. A typical practical set of scan frequencies, for example, would employ 200 Hz on one axis 1 Hz on the other, giving 4�104 data points, which would be adequate for many of the purposes intended for the system.
With scanning speeds of the order above mentioned, electromagnetic drive of front-surface mirrors appears to be simplest and most economical. Of the various types of scan, the rectangular scan is appropriate for the present purpose and is the simplest to generate, although in cases where in ischemic zone is at the center of the pattern, a spiral scan would be possible. Either of these can be obtained directly or by small modifications from the two-axis scanner. Usually a square pattern suffices, but when the shape of the figure in which the metabolism is to be studied is significantly different from that of a rectangular shape, various other scan shapes can be programmed. A spiral scan may ultimately prove most useful since it requires similar band widths for both X and Y scanners.
It has been found to be possible to compensate the NADH fluoresence signal from a variety of tissues, for example, brain, by subtracting from the fluorescence signal a reflectance signal from the same area. The flying spot system of the present invention utilizes such compensation by collecting the reflectance data from the same area at the same time as the fluorescence data, for example by using a beam splitter and a second photomultiplier with a filter transmitting only the excitation wavelength (350-363 nm in the case of the Argon ion laser or 442 nm in the case of flavoprotein signals using the He-Cd laser). The correction factor is applied in "real time" simply by subtracting the signals in the appropriate ratio and connecting the difference signal to the display and histogram channels.
Thus, the flying spot method provides all the possibilities for compensation for hemodynamic effects that have currently been available with the signal point method. It is possible that compensation with flying spot techniques may be more effective since the appropriate reflectance at an appropriate point is applied to the signal.
The distance between the two-axis scanner and the sample can be relatively large, i.e., one meter or the like, and with an appropriate telescope the signal acquisition can be similarly distant. Thus, the system of the present invention is suitable for intraoperative procedures; minimal interference would be involved, and with suitable illumination (red light) minimal interference with the scanner would be involved. Alternatively, the laser may be modulated at near 1 MHz to avoid room lignht interference. In this case a large dynamic range is required, which may be obtained by dynode voltage regulation.
On-line analysis of the data output is of great importance, and the system of the present invention therefore employs multichannel analysis and histogram display for this purpose. The goal of the multichannel analysis is to present histograms of the frequency of occurrence of signal intensities with a certain range.
Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved method and apparatus for measuring and evaluating the oxygen delivery to perfused and in situ organs which overcomes the deficiencies and disadvantages of previous systems employed for this purpose.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved flying spot fluorometer scanning systems which provides efficient excitation for either oxidized flavoprotein or reduced nucleotide and which provides a monitor display of fluorescence of the excitation area as well as a histogram display of the fluorescence intensity versus the number of occurrences of that intensity, thereby showing alterations of the intensity and the degree of heterogeneity of the redox states of the organ tissue under study.
A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved spectrofluorometer system employing laser flying spot excitation for deriving data in connection with oxygen delivery to perfused and in situ organs, providing accurate and reliable on-line data with respect to heterogeneity of distribution of redox states in an area under study, for example, in a localized hypoxia in heart, brain, liver, or other organ, facilitating identification of specific heterogeneous states, and enabling the reading off as a function of time the effects on the size of a hypoxic region in a normoxic tissue of such parameters as oxygen tension substrates, inhibitors or pharmacologic reagents.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and claims, and from the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a laser flying spot 2-dimensional microfluorometer with on-line histogram display, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the 64-channel histogram analyzer employed in the microfluorometer of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates monitor displays provided by the apparatus of FIG. 1, comprising emission spectra of rat liver mitochondria flavoprotein excited by the He-Cd laser at 442 nm with a Wratten 4 guard filter and by an Argon ion laser at 459.7 with a Wratten 12 guard filter.
FIG. 4 illustrates enlarged histogram displays provided by the apparatus of FIG. 1, giving a comparison of responses of Fp (459.7 to 540 nm) to low flow hypoxia in perfused rat liver.
FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate enlarged histograms displays obtained from the apparatus of FIG. 1 of flavoprotein fluorescence signals from perfused rat liver in normal, ischemic and recovered states, FIG. 5A being derived with Saran wrap covering the liver and FIG. 5B being derived with the liver uncovered.
FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate enlarged histogram displays obtained from the apparatus of FIG. 1 of flavoprotein signals from live rat liver tissue in situ as in FIGS. 5A and 5B, showing conditions (FIG. 6A) caused by administration of ethanol, and conditions of shift (FIG. 6B) from normoxia to hypoxia.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a typical flying spot spectrofluorometer apparatus according to the present invention. The apparatus comprises a laser source 11, which may be a regulated He-Cd laser similar to Liconix Model 96, providing a 442 nm excitation beam, suitable for oxidized flavoprotein excitation, or an Argon ion laser similar to Lexel Model 96, providing not only a 457.9 nm beam suitable for oxidized flavoprotein but also emitting at 350/363 nm, suitable for excitation of reduced pyridine nucleotide. The laser source 11 is suitably mounted to direct its beam 15 toward a vibrating 45�-inclined front surface X-scan mirror 12. A suitable focussing lens 13 and pinhole 14 may be provided in the optical path of the laser beam. The pinhole 14 may be about 100 microns in diameter.
The beam 15 is reflected with X-directional sweep toward a vibrating 45�-inclined front surface Y-scan mirror 16, which reflects the beam, with superimposed Y-directional sweep, toward a fixed 45�-inclined plane mirror 17, which in turn reflects the composite-sweep raster beam through a focussing lens 18 to the tissue area 19 under study, thereby delivering the excitation raster 20 to said tissue. The tissue 19 may typically be exposed brain cortex, and the raster 20 may have a 0.1 mm spot size and may form a square scan pattern 2 cm on edge; this may be employed for small animal models, for example, for studies of rat brain, liver, kidney, heart, etc.
The X-scan mirror 12 and Y-scan mirror 16 are driven in a conventional manner by an electromagnetic drive mechanism 21, which also furnishes synchronized X-sweep voltage via a line 23 and synchronized Y-sweep voltage via a line 24 to the X and Y sweep terminals of a monitor display cathode ray tube assembly 25. The raster of the monitor assembly 25 is intensity-modulated by a modulation signal from a signal input line 26 connected to the Z-terminal of the monitor display device 25.
The fluorescence emission from the sample 19 is shown as a beam 27 (which may include reflected excitation light) and is focussed by a lens 28 onto a 45�-inclined beam splitter 29, which may comprise a conventional partly-silvered mirror. A portion of beam 27 passes through the beam splitter 29 and an emission wavelength filter 30 to a first photomultiplier tube 31, whose electrical output appears at a signal output line 32. The remaining portion of beam 27 is reflected from the beam splitter and passes through a reflectance filter 33 (passing only excitation wavelength light) to a second photomultiplier tube 34, whose electrical output appears at a signal output line 35. The lines 32 and 35 are connected to the inputs of a differential amplifier 36 whose output line 37 carries a reflectance-compensated signal, being the main signal of line 32 from which is substracted the reflectance signal of line 35. The uncompensated main signal from line 32 or the reflectance-compensated signal from line 37 may be selectively connected to the Z-input line 26 via a selector switch 38.
The Y-sweep synchronized signal from line 24 is connected as a sweep-synchronizing input via line 45 to a 64-channel Analyzer 39, and the Z signal from line 26 is connected to the emission analog signal input line 40 of said Analyzer 39. The Analyzer 39 has display output signal lines 41, 42 connected to a histogram visual display unit 43, which may comprise an oscilloscope.
With a Y-sweep frequency of 1 Hz and an X-sweep frequency of 200 Hz, giving 4�104 data points, and using a screen of medium-to-long persistence in unit 25, the Z-axis modulating signal in line 26 will provide an adequate 2-dimensional display (a 4�104 element picture) of the fluorescence developed by the excitation raster 20 over the tissue area 19 under study, without requiring other special storage techniques. With these scanning speeds, the electromagnetic scan driving unit 21 can be relatively simple and of economical construction. The reflectance compensation is quite effective since the appropriate reflectance subtraction signal can be applied for each flying spot scan point.
The on-line analysis of the data output is of great importance, and the multichannel Analyzer 39 and histogram display unit 43 are employed for this purpose. The function of Analyzer 39 and display device 43 is to present histograms of the frequency of occurrence of signal intensities with a certain range. The design of the unit 39 is straight-forward and centers around a 6-bit free-running analog-to-digital converter 46 which cylces once every 50 μsec. The differential amplifier output is applied via line 40 as the analog input to converter 46. The digital output of converter 46 is applied to the address inputs of a random access memory (RAM) 48 via a memory address multiplex unit 49. Samples are obtained at a 20 KHz rate, and a uniformly fluorescent raster surface 20 would yield 20,000 "counts" per second. This "worst case" suggests a 16-bit "channel" data word (65,535 counts). The random access memory 48 can contain 64 sixteen-bit data words (channels), and the 64 channels are provided with 1.6% (full scale) amplitude resolution.
In use, the Analyzer 39 is triggered on and off by a synchronization signal to the logic unit 60 from the Y-deflection drive circuit line 45, assuring that the analysis represents one or more integral scans. Every 50 μsec a count (+1) is added by an arithmetic unit 50 to the data channel addressed by the A/D converter unit 46. A 1 Hz Y-axis scan rate thus yields a histogram of the scanned area with a resolution of 20,000 points; a homogeneous surface would fill one of the 64 channels with 20,000 counts, whereas an ideally random heterogeneous surface would fill all channels equally with 312 counts.
The master clock 55 controls the conversion rate of A/D converter 46 and is the clock input to the arithmetic word counter 56 which provides addresses for the 16-bit data word in a serial fashion. The display address counter 51 advances sequentially after each data word cycle.
The histogram is generated (and made visible) by multiplexing (via unit 49) the output of a 6-bit binary counter 51, fed by a 4-bit arithmetic word counter 56, to the address ports in place of the A/D converter 46, sequentially addressing the data channels, and reading their contents, via a series-to-parallel unit 57 and a D/A converter 52. The counter circuit 51 activates a resettable ramp generator 53 to provide at line 41 the X' deflection signal for an oscilloscope in the histogram display unit 43, the D/A converter 52 providing the Y'-axis information at line 42 via a blanking unit 54, which is controlled by signals from multiplex unit 49 and a display analyzer flip-flop 58, in turn controlled by the carry-out signal of counter 56.
The service operating characteristics of the RAM unit 48 are adjusted in a conventional manner by means of a control switch unit 59 and intervening conventional memory control units 60, 61 and 62.
The range of the signal acquisition is adjusted by increasing the photomultiplier high voltage until the highest signal is just within the register of the Analyzer 39. Then the signals may be distributed over the 64 channels. In practice, it has been found that the intensity distributions for most organs cover only about one-third of the 64 channels, and offset of the signal may be used to spread it over more channels.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, for example, an He-Cd laser at 442 nm will illuminate the two-axis mirror system from which the raster 20 is projected onto the tissue 19 through a suitable lens 18, giving a 0.05 to 0.3 mm spot and a 1 cm2 raster. The light from raster 20 is picked up by the first photomultiplier tube 31 through the Fresnel lens 28, or alternatively, through a light guide, and by the compensating second photomultiplier tube 34, as above described. The output signal from the photomultiplier tube 31 may be fed directly (uncompensated) to the display oscilloscopes in one closure position of switch 38, or (compensated) the photomultiplier output signal in line 35 may be subtracted from that in line 32 by the differential amplifier 36 and the difference signal may be fed to the oscilloscopes via line 26, in the other closure position of switch 38.
In typical experiments employing the above-described apparatus, rat liver mitochondria were prepared and were suspended in mannitol (0.255 M), sucrose (0.075 M) and Tris-sulfate buffer (5 mM), pH=7.4. In State 2 no substrate was added.
The fluorescence emission from flavoprotein in response to the two laser wavelengths is indicated in FIG. 3. The Fp signal is identified with the pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases of mitochondrial matrix and flavoprotein fluorescence was expected in State 2 since flavoprotein fluoresces in the oxidized rather than the reduced form. Considering first excitation with the 10 mW He-Cd laser at 442 nm (trace I), a filter combination, plus the purity of the emission, permitting recording to begin at a wavelength of about 470 nm and to achieve a considerable intensity at 490 nm. The apparent peak of the emission band was at 564 nm.
Trace II of this Figure shows the emission of flavoprotein when excited at 459.7 nm with the 20 mW Aron ion laser. In this case, the incomplete suppression of other wavelengths required a guard filter which did not begin to transmit sufficiently until 510 nm, and the apparent peak of the emission spectrum was at 591 nm.
The perfused rat liver is of great interest for a variety of reasons. The first of these is the variety of its metabolic pathways and the susceptibility to changes of metabolic patterns depending upon the substrates, inhibitors, etc., in the perfusate. Secondly, it has been considered from a variety of standpoints to be functionally heterogeneous. Thirdly, low temperature redox ratio scanning has shown not only considerable heterogeneity but changes of heterogeneity induced by changes of metabolism, for example, with ethanol.
A diagram of the histogram display of the perfused liver is shown in FIG. 4. There are actually four histograms displayed in this Figure, two for Fp and two for PN. At a perfusion rate of 30 ml/sec the histograms for Fp and PN are superimposed. This is consistent with the origin of both pyridine nucleotide signal and Fp signal development from the mitrochondria in which NADH and Fp are near equilibrium.
On establishing a hypoxia by decreasing the flow rate to 5 ml/sec, the two superimposed peaks separate; the Fp shifts to the left to a decreased intensity, and the NADH (FN) shifts to the right to a higher intensity. The full scale of the histogram is 5 volts output from the photomultiplier collector. Thus, the position of the midpoint of the two histograms at normal flow is at 2.6 volts while that of the flavoprotein at low flow is at 1.7 volts, and the NADH is at 3.5 volts, respectively a decrease of 37% and an increase of 42%. Single area fluorometric measurements with a 2 to 4 mm light guide give anoxic responses in liver, heart and brain in the same range. Under the higher flow conditions, the width of the histogram at its base for both Fp and PN is about 32% of its mean value. As the flow is decreased the width of the flavoprotein signal decreases to a value of about 29%. What is significant however is that the pyridine nucleotide histogram at the low flow appears to break up into two approximately equal populations, one at a signal voltage of 3.45 volts and the other at a signal voltage near 4.0 volts, while the flavoprotein signal appears to remain homogeneous.
The amplitudes of the Fp and PN signals suggest heterogeneity changes in the signals at low flow as compared with high flow. The amplitude of the Fp signal increases by 65% while that of the PN signal decreases (the average of the two peaks) to about 66%. In this case, the cytosolic component of the PN signal appears to have a different redox state from the mitochondrial component which is precisely indicated by the Fp signal.
The histograms shown in FIG. 5A were obtained from perfused rat liver set up at 23� C. and scanned with wavelengths appropriate to Fp, as in FIG. 4. In the experiment associated with FIG. 5A the liver was covered with a Saran wrap and the kinetics of the normoxic-anoxic change were recorded as the flow to the liver was decreased from 30 ml/min to 0 by a blockade of the output from perfusion. The normoxic histogram is similar to that of FIG. 4, showing a width of 31% at the base. Two minutes after stopping the flow, the histogram had shifted to a 26% lower value and had changed its width at the base to 30%. In the next minute a significant change occurred in the degree of heterogeneity of the organ, and the width of the histogram had changed and its amplitude had increased 47% with respect to the previous histogram. These results can be interpreted to indicate that the liver acquired a bimodal distribution of signal, one of which was of low intensity (i.e., highly reduced) with a small population of signals more oxidized. This suggests that the anaerobic metabolism in the perfused liver is more heterogeneous than the aerobic metabolism, a point which is emphasized by previous data.
In perfused and intact organs it is possible to show the effect of oxygen diffusion from the air, for example in the rat brain. Similarly, exposure of the liver to air gives a distinctive heterogeneity of redox states, as shown in FIG. 5B. This Figure is on an expanded scale with 3 volts offset so that only 2 of the 5 volts of signal are displayed. In the normoxic-anoxic histograms a small number of signals (14% of the total area of the histogram) remains more oxidized. On recovery and reoxygenation, the same asymmetry remains, suggesting incomplete oxygenation of some of the liver cells. The diagram indicates the extreme sensitivity of the histogram method in indentifying heterogeneous redox states.
Flavoprotein fluorescence signals are effected by changes of blood flow and blood volume to a somewhat larger extent than in the case of reduced pyridine nucleotide. Histograms corresponding to normoxic-hypoxic changes and to metabolic shifts of the in situ liver of the anesthetized rat are recorded in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The animal was prepared with cannulation of the femoral vein for ethanol injection and cannulation of the trachea for control of the inspired gases. FIG. 6A shows the effect of a single administration of 2.0 ml of 50% ethanol by means of a stomach tube. The histogram was monitored for 30 min. after ethanol administration during which the ethanol was absorbed and distributed in the body tissues, resulting in a 10% shift of the histogram of the redox liver in situ. The heterogeneity of the liver metabolism was not altered at this concentration of infused ethanol.
The shift from normoxia to hypoxia is indicated in FIG. 6B. The normoxic histogram is displayed on a magnified scale so that the left edge of the histogram corresponds to 3 volts of signal and the right edge to 5 volts. The initial effect of hypoxia is evidenced by a shift of the histogram to an intermediate position substantially without change of shape. As in the Saran-covered perfused organ, after 4 min. hypoxia, an increased homogeneity of the redox states is indicated by the 60% increase of height of the histogram and a corresponding narrowing of the peak. In summary, the histogram display of flavoprotein fluorescence from the in situ liver gives clear indications of metabolic and ischemic changes of redox state.
The flying spot technique is well suited for the evaluation of a wide range of conditions involving the heterogeneity of oxygen delivery to perfused or in situ organs. For example, it may be employed for the evaluation of size of a model cardiac infarct produced by occlusion of a branch of the coronary artery, or the like. The area scanned would then include the area of the infarct and a roughly equal volume of normal tissue, so that a bimodal histogram is obtained. The flying spot technique can also be effectively used for brain tissue, for example, for the NADH fluorometery of exposed cortex of an animal to determine required corrections for vasomotor changes which occur during systemic anoxia and sometimes local ischemia.
The above-described technique generally solves the problem of indentification of clear-cut metabolic heterogeneity and delineation of the nature and degree of such metabolic heterogeneity in organs prior to freeze-trapping, or in any case can be used for the evaluation of the localized metabolic state of particular areas in an organ. Flying spot two-dimensional representation, together with the "on-line" histogram affords a simple and near-optimal solution of this problem. One of the great advantages of the herein-described system is that the histograms may be acquired in a time short as compared to the time between metabolic transitions.
The flying spot technique can be used for a variety of other applications, with appropriate other wavelengths, both in fluorometry and reflectance spectroscopy. The technique may be used by the analytical chemist as a quick and effective way of deciding when it is important to carry out an extensive and exhaustive total, or more significantly, localized biochemical assay. The on-line display of the histogram allows the following of each second of metabolic transitions with appropriate substrates or inhibitors in normal or pathological states. At a time when the histogram may show maximal deviation from the normal histogram (and four such histograms can easily be stored in a typical apparatus according to the present invention) freeze-trapping of the organ is warranted and the biochemical data should show the most interesting deviation from normal states. Thus the ability to detect "maximal deviation" metabolic states may be of great use and assistance to the analytical biochemist.
While a specific embodiment of an improved flying spot fluorometer system has been disclosed in the foregoing description, it will be understood that various modifications within the spirit of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore it is intended that no limitations be placed on the invention except as defined by the scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
Before we started using watchful.li some sites fell through the cracks and didn't get updated as often as they should have.
The ones that were updated regularly required valuable time and effort.
Watchful is neither perfect nor free, but it saves us time and keeps our clients safe and up to date. That makes us look good and adds to our bottom-line.
The support has been excellent when required and tweaks and improvements have been ongoing.
If you manage more than a handful of sites, this tool is essential.
We very much appreciate your feedback. We're always working to "perfect" Watchful and we are proud you have trusted us with managing your sites. I hope you have had a chance to check out our new 1-click site addition! #just1click
The support has been extraordinary. Every time I've found a bug or had a question, they get back to me with a solution, usually within a few hours.
But what makes this a must-have on my sites is how gorgeous and functional the results are. I have literally stared building sites around this new search feature, where I've made Universal search a primary form of navigation.
My clients and their visitors go nuts over the minimal theme. I've never seen anything else like it on Joomla or any CMS. For front-end eye candy goodness, this was easily the best money I've ever spent on an extension. Highly recommended.
It's powerful, easy on the eyes, and comes pre-configured with some killer apps and add-on modules. The free version includes a slick blog and a page creator.
We use the commercial version, and it's paid for itself over and over. The two apps we use most often are the Item/Inventory Catalog and the Business Directory. But, honestly, we've put every app to use except, perhaps, for the Movie Database.
Our clients love how easy it is for them to manage their own content. And they get a sweet Submission app from the front end.
YooTheme has a pillar of Joomla society and they're actively developing the app.
YooTheme upgrades Zoo on what feels like a weekly basis - sometimes with major surprises. Recently, it added a much needed feature to send emails on Submissions and Comments. A Joomla 1.6 version is available and the upcoming Warp 6.0 and JQuery based tools are on their way (as of the time of this review).
How this does not have a 5 Star rating and a hundreds of glowing reviews is beyond me - my business depends on it.
What I can say is that this is a godsend for me. The ability to easily link to any Zoo category or item is crucial.
Thank you!
If you have any problems with the plugin. write in support of the address: firstname.lastname@example.com. We need you to answer and solve your problems.
Talk about responsive! He retroactively granted my wish list.
In case you missed it too, the instructions for adding driving directions are found on this post: http://tech.reumer.net/google-maps/demo-google-maps/marker-with-directions.html
Great job!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Loading ...
At the turn of the 19th century, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark set out up the Missouri River to explore the vast, uncharted reaches of the Louisiana Purchase. They had it a lot harder than the guests of Missouri River Excursions. Today, tracing Lewis and Clark's route (marked with many historical plaques) is about as easy as outdoor exploration gets: just sit down and float. Staff load guests and canoes, kayaks, or rafts onto a shuttle to New Haven or Washington, where they disembark to drift gently with the current down to Klondike Park. Sandbars offer natural stopping points for fishing or picnicking.
Missouri River Excursions' guides can also set up more advanced journeys. They'll arrange itineraries lasting up to three days?marked by stays at quaint riverfront hotels or campgrounds?or lead fishing excursions to catch the modern-day descendants of the fish a bored Lewis once trained to do synchronized-swimming routines.
Just a short drive from the metropolitan tangle of St. Louis, Twin Rivers Canoe Rentals releases urbanites into the gentle, spring-fed waters of the Meramec River. Adventurers may choose which vessel will best cut through the water's rippled pane that flickers with shadows from the canopies of trees lining the shore. In a kayak, a single boatman may ply past largemouth bass and flathead catfish or spy a whitetail deer sneaking a drink on the banks while its doe is at church bunco. Canoes can comfortably seat two people and a cooler, whereas rafts transform five to seven passengers into an inflatable party. The leisurely pace and tranquil environs encourage groups to stop and swim or to tether to shore for a picnic.:m]]
With a strong belief in life's simpler pleasures, the staff of Riverview Ranch oversees a host of watersports, campsites, and cabins along the picturesque shores of the lazy Meramec River. Shuttled upstream, visitors push off in canoes, rafts, or kayaks to enjoy the easy-moving currents of the stream before arriving back at vehicles or campsites to do celebratory touchdown dances and life-vest spikes.
Though its calm flow and smaller volume make it an ideal venue for kayaking, it's not unusual for paddlers traversing the Little Piney River to go an entire trip without seeing another human being. Unlike destination rivers choked by tourists carted in by the busload, the Little Piney offers serenity in its seclusion, whether for lazy floats along its banks or fishing. Blue Heron Boatworks caters to all aspects of a successful kayaking trip, from shuttling guests to their starting points to politely encouraging the river to reverse its flow for visitors who drop their paddles on the shore.


text:
Hornady Custom Grade New Dimension Die Seater Stem 35 Caliber FTX Bullet
Product #: 735939 Hornady #: 397116 UPC #: 090255971163
Product Information
The Hornady Custom Grade New Dimension Die Seater Stem is the perfect addition for the reloader utilizing specialty Hornady bullets like the popular FTX bullet or the super accurate A-Max bullet. Simply remove the standard seating stem from your Custom Grade New Dimension Seating Die and install the new stem. The die stems will only work with Hornady Custom Grade New Dimension Seating Dies, and caliber listed in description.
Technical Information
Fits: Hornady Custom Grade New Dimension Seat Dies
Material: Steel
Replaces the seating stem in a Hornady New Dimension Seating die
For use with the listed caliber and bullet type only
Features Hornady's No-Risk Lifetime Warranty
Technical Information
Fits: Hornady Custom Grade New Dimension Seat Dies
Material: Steel
Additional Information
Delivery Information
The total weight of the product, including the product's packaging as it sits on our shelf. Since some products ship directly from the Manufacturer, their weight may be unavailable. Because of variations in the manufacturing process, similar products may have differing weights. Unless the product is designated as "Ships Alone", Shipping Weight does not include the shipping box or packing materials associated with your order.
Product ships from MidwayUSA, separate from any other products on your order due to its size. Products that are Shipped Alone incur separate "Per Order" and "Per Pound" shipping charges.
Product is regulated by the US Department of Transportation (DOT) and cannot be shipped via USPS or air shipping methods. DOT-Regulated products must ship UPS Ground.
Product is restricted by shipping carriers and cannot be shipped to certain locations or via certain shipping methods.
Additional shipping charge for HazMat products. Carriers charge extra to ship packages with products they consider hazardous, such as reloading powder and primers.
Was this information helpful? Yes No
Thank you! Your valuable input helps improve our product information and future product selections
Know someone who may like this? Email this Page to a Friend
Customer Reviews
The statements and opinions expressed within Customer Reviews reflect each author's personal perspective and do not imply endorsement by MidwayUSA, its Employees or any other organization. Customers should in no way infer that MidwayUSA has validated review information as safe, accurate or appropriate.
NOTE: Prices, specifications and availability are subject to change without notice.
We reserve the right to correct typographic, photographic and/or descriptive errors.
We reserve the right to correct typographic, photographic and/or descriptive errors.
Suggested Products
Hornady One Shot Case Lube 5 oz Aerosol...
$7.99Sale $10.99 Save $3.00 (27%)
Hornady Universal Reloading Tray 50-Round Plastic Red...
$6.49Sale $8.99 Save $2.50 (28%)
Hornady Microjust Seating Stem...
$21.99Sale $26.99 Save $5.00 (19%)
Hornady Die Maintenance Kit...
Hornady Die Locking Ring Wrench...
$6.99Sale $7.99 Save $1.00 (13%)
Others Bought
Pro-Shot Rifle Bore Cleaning Mop 35 to 40 Caliber 8 x 32...
Hornady Custom Grade New Dimension Bullet Seater Die 38...
Yankee Hill Machine Crush Washer AR-15...
Hornady Sure-Loc Die Locking Ring 7/8"-14 Thread...
$2.99 - $16.29Sale $3.59 - $18.29 Save up to $2.00 (11%)
Magpul PMAG M3 Magazine AR-15 223 Remington Black...
Add to Cart for PriceSale List Price $13.25 - $18.95
Winchester Small Magnum Pistol Primers #1-1/2M...
$32.99 - $145.99
Hornady Custom Grade New Dimension Die Seater Stem 45 Caliber...
Hornady FTX Bullets 38 Caliber (357 Diameter) 140 Grain Flex...
$23.29Sale $25.99 Save $2.70 (10%)
Caldwell Magnum Rifle Gong 10" Round Target AR-550 Steel White...
$109.99List Price $159.99 Save $50.00 (31%)
MagPul MOE Handguard AR-15...
$28.45 - $37.95
VooDoo Innovations Gas Tube AR-15 LifeCoat...


text:
Promotion Terms & Conditions
- There is a limit of one coupon per order.
- Offer expires 11/28/2014 at 11:59PM ET.
- Free Shipping is for the Cont. US only.
- On sale items, NFL, MLB and NHL jerseys, World Series Championship Locker Room apparel, Nike Holiday Fleece, NFL Salute to Service apparel, MLB and NFL on field headwear, NASCAR die-cast, Under Armour apparel, gift cards, online gift certificates and select memorabilia are excluded from promotion.
Main Content
Order today, receive no later than Thursday, December 4th. Some limitations apply.
$6.99 3-day shipping. Need it faster?
Your Yankees attire is substantial, but you know bigger is better in the case of team spirit. Add some classy Yanks style to your game day getup with this New Era Pop Classic 59FIFTY fitted hat. It features a flat brim and a silvery embroidered team wordmark for NYY flair unlike any other. You can't go wrong when you're sporting New York pride like this Classic hat!
- 100% Polyester
- Fitted
- Flat bill
- Imported
- Officially licensed
- Quality embroidery
- Structured
Other Fanatics also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
A Mongolian ger at dusk.
Michael A. Parks
lives with the nomadic herders of Mongolia, discovering
The Hearty Food of Mongolian Winter
and wondering why the cuisine goes so unappreciated.
A rock monster tries to save a village from destruction.
After you comment, click Post. If you're not already logged in you will be asked to log in or register.blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
As we approach our 800th post, we decided to highlight some of our most popular posts.
Proper attribution is critically important, and we recommend revisiting your cookie windows periodically to make sure you're in the right neighborhood. Too long and you're liable to waste money by over advertising, too short and you may miss opportunities.
As November begins, the situation has become bleaker.
"We'll allow an ad that meets the quality threshold to appear above the search results even if it has to jump over other ads to do so. "
J. Crew responds to the Tonight Show.
The Buying Cycle is used by some as an excuse for overspending on general keywords. It's a lovely theory, but we thought it was high time to take another look at whether the data supports it.
Helpful or harmful to users and advertisers?
Irrational over-bidding helps none of us, except Google.
Considering the perspective of paid search advertising, how should online advertisers be responding to the crisis on Wall Street?
Happy with your position crawling bid system? Find out why it is undoubtedly leaving money on the table.
Could wide-spread adoption geo-targeted advertising spell doom for online marketers? If brick and mortar stores start channeling resources towards local search, might "national" advertisers be outbid to the point of extinction?
Branding and Direct Marketing are different beasts, for sure. But aren't they both geared towards generating ROI in the long run?
We do not observe broad weakness in online sales.
Google released their Quality Score Changes early last week. Based on early results, we're seeing minimal effects.
If you'll be at SMX East October 6-8, we'd love to meet up at the show.
Here's a three minute video with some advice on how aggressively to bid in paid search.
This is part 4 in a series on the required attributes/capabilities of a PPC bidding platform.
In case you missed it, this was posted yesterday on the Search Marketing Blog Searchengineland.
As a citizen, I'm pleased to see the Palin paid results free of crass commercialism, partisan attacks, and sleazy picture sites. But I wonder: why are those ads not there today?
Sarah Palin ads on AdWords.
Our advice on setting rational PPC bids.
A big public "Thank You!" to all our clients who made our Client Summit a smashing success!
At RKG, we follow a bid-to-economics strategy, because this approach generates greater profits for our clients.
The Rimm-Kaufman Group, a Charlottesville-based search marketing agency, has been named to Inc. Magazine's list of the Top 500 Fastest Growing Private Companies in America.
Wanting to learn more about Google Content from the publishing side, last week we placed ads on a single page of this blog. Here are our initial impressions.


text:
Showing 1 to 10 of 3,257
WinterCloseClear All
Get top stories and blog posts emailed to me each day..
Today's recipe is for a delicious Chipotle Lime Chicken Taco.
Top off your Thanksgiving feast with this Chocolate Bourbon Pecan Pie recipe.
Chef Alexander Figura demonstrates how to make pecan pie bites with gravy.
Chef Ryan Scott schools you on a little quantity control to help you map out servings for Thanksgiving.
Carla Hall wows again with her Thanksgiving-themed recipe for Candied Acorn Squash.


text:
Far Cry 3 Cheats for Playstation 3Home / Playstation 3 /
This page contains Cheats for Far Cry 3 organized by sections for Playstation 3. Far Cry 3 is a Action Shooter First-Person game, made by Ubisoft Montreal, released on Dec 4, 2012 and published by Ubisoft. If you can't find a hint or secret in our list, then please check this page periodically for the latest updates.
- Developer:
Far Cry 3 Playstation 3 Cheats
Far away from civilization is an island, a law-free space, which is ruled by violence and human suffering and you can only escape through drugs or the barrel of a gun. At this place where we can no longer distinguish between right and wrong, are you coming back to consciousness. Here are the principles of force to stay alive. Discover the bloody secrets of the island as you challenge your opponents. Improvise and use your surroundings to your advantage in Far Cry 3. Outsmart the deranged inhabitants and unscrupulous and beware of the beauty and mystery of this island of insanity. You need more than luck to leave this island alive. Blow back into an action-packed shooter: Use an arsenal of weapons and explosives to topple you directly with a loaded gun in the action. Kill your enemies in close combat with the sword or unsuspecting opponents from afar with the sniper rifle. Discover a beautiful as well as various island, sandy beaches and mountains, marshy grasslands and white. Fight your way through cities, temples, river ports and much more. In the rich history you'll encounter many different, realistic characters, but their morals are questionable, and the hope, which appears as a last resort, has long since abandoned. Far Cry 3 is developed by the first-class game designers who are so highly acclaimed titles such as Assassin's Creed II, Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood and World in Conflict have designed.Ubisoft Montreal
- Publisher: Ubisoft
- Genre: Action Shooter First-Person
- Release Date: Dec 4, 2012
- ESRB: Mature
To unlock the following PS3 Trophies, complete the following tasks:...From: sentoven
To unlock the following PS3 - Secret Trophies, complete the following tasks:...From: Couponalbum
If you have the ability to complete the necessity listed below for cash, you'll be able to unlock the signature weapons below. Note: all are ranked five stars: Weapon - AMR - Sniper Rifle Weapon Description: A customized Z93 with extended magazine, high power scope, and custom paint. Fires an explos...From: Rihannaa
Here a list of all in-game rare animals which you need to find during gameplay for the "Path of the Hunter" Quests Location Guide for the Golden Tiger Watch this Path of the Hunter video guide whitch shows you the location of the Golden Tiger Location Guide for the Black Panther Watch this...From: AliM
In order to play this Quests called "Path of the Hunter" you need to liberate Outposts first. The spawn area of the animals is going to be proven throughout the Quests. You can observe a red-colored "Rare" stamp on the hunter posters if the mission features Path of the Hunter. For ever...From: magicmouse
In order to play this Quests called "Path of the Hunter" you need to liberate Outposts first. The spawn area of the animals is going to be proven throughout the Quests. You can observe a red-colored "Rare" stamp on the hunter posters if the mission features Path of the Hunter. For ever...From: CSI-phanatic
In order to play this Quests called "Path of the Hunter" you need to liberate Outposts first. The spawn area of the animals is going to be proven throughout the Quests. You can observe a red-colored "Rare" stamp on the hunter posters if the mission features Path of the Hunter. For ever...From: gamemomma
In order to play this Quests called "Path of the Hunter" you need to liberate Outposts first. The spawn area of the animals is going to be proven throughout the Quests. You can observe a red-colored "Rare" stamp on the hunter posters if the mission features Path of the Hunter. For ever...From: thegoodgamer
By collecting Relics during gameplay you can earn 250 XP each time.. The Relics along with other collectibles become visible for you on-screen as flashes of light by searching around making use of your camera! They'll then be marked on your map, so that you can set a way point, and walk within the...From: Hannah
If you're stuck looking for some goat's on Long Far Cry 3 - epic map, here are a handful of pointers. The goat's often congregate around an area, particularly towards the north-east of in which you start, with coordinates X:442, Y:761. Search for a cave that they're frequently spotted near. Keep in ...From: sirbenstar
In order to dive in to the water you can press jump once to leap off wherever you're standing, then press it again in midair. This way you can make a perfect dive. If you're wondering how you can dive underwater, simply look down and move in that direction. Water needs to be deep enough before you c...From: sims2castaway32
Below the location of all rare animals in this game: One Horn Buffalo: Camp Murder outpost, Path of the Hunter. Undying Bear: Cradle Gas outpost, Path of the Hunter. Black Panther: Outpost southeast of the mansion, Path of the Hunter. Golden Tiger: Mosquito Yard outpost, Path of the Hunter. White Be...From: dhenzz02
Below all coordinates to find all feature: Big cave: X:331.8, Y:458.1 Boat color cycle: X:641.5, Y:408.2 (travel here by boat; also does it on the ocean bottom) Dead body cave: X:630.2, Y:685.0 Easy "Fearless Or Stupid" achievement or trophy dive: X:752.7, Y:656.1 Flying Fish: X:756.3, Y:6...From: NeedForSpeed
Easter Eggs
Whitin "Insane Edition" you can unlock diffrent missions also known as Ignition Within The Deep in the Lost Expeditions. In this version you will find many Easter Eggs !. Here's how to locate the BioShock easter time egg, in which the main character is offered a BioShock quote! He's told: ...From: Oui
Go to the beach in "The lost Hollywood star" northern islands. Search for the two dead people hanging on a tree. Close to this you will find a buried man in the sand. Now stand close to him and press your controller Square button... "McLovin" designed a cameo appearance within th...From: cncgreatfans
At some stage in the game within your village you are able to do a mission from some old lady who's about seeing a plane wreck last evening. She would like you to determine the remains for survivors. However when you make it happen the plane is rusted up along with a guy is cooking dinner in the coc...From: irtheps2playa
In this video you will see a car making a 360 turn in the air in slow motion very strange. Also when you go down to the river and swim to the other side you will see a boat. Now turn arround and you will see another strange boat sinking, but when you come closer it is back to normal....From: dloc
Not a very big glitch but as you can see in this video there are some sky design bugs......From: Game Team
During the gameplay I set a man on fire but he won't die!! he started to dance or something...From: fenomen
I was chasing some animals during gameplay and found some strange glitches.. It lookslike they where walking on the water...From: handstand
Video Walkthroughs
Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Far Cry 3 expert then please try to help others with their questions.
How to set waypoint to particular coordinates in map?...
Posted on: 10-10-2014
I've got 2 questions for you far cry 3 players out there! 1. how do you find goats? 2. how do you discard items in your loot sack? they are symple questions but I ergently need a response because im o...
Posted on: 04-14-2014
In beginning the game, a fellow and I were in bamboo cage and he helped me to escaped and sneaked into a house nod collected a map, stuffs and sneaked into wood bridge and out of bridge map was opened...
Posted on: 01-06-2014
I am stuck on the mission Paint It Black PLEASE HELP i really want to finish the game....
Posted on: 11-27-2013
Stuck in Chapter 7 - Cidra's temple. Destroying the mask breathing fire is straightforward, but I'm getting bored having 5o do it repeatedly to access the ghoul's coming out of the darkness. Any tips ...
Posted on: 01-05-2013
Im stuck on the section where you are in the dream after being stabbed by Vaas with the knife. You are on a path of white stones/monitors and mulitple vaas run at you from left and right. I keep getti...
Posted on: 01-05-2013
I have been stuck on a level for quite a few hours it is driving me crazy. It is where I am tied to a concrete block and pushed into the sea. I press x continuosly but keep drowning. Please help me....
Posted on: 01-03-2013
How do i unlock the weapons in the my weapons inventory...
Posted on: 12-31-2012
Far Cry 3 - Gameplay Video
- Aug 27, 2014, Views: 217
Far Cry 3 - E3 2011 Gameplay
- Aug 27, 2014, Views: 76
Far Cry 3 - Launch Trailer
- Aug 27, 2014, Views: 87
Far Cry 3 - Multiplayer Trailer
- Aug 27, 2014, Views: 77
- Blood Of The Werewolf - Gameplay Video, (PS3)
- The Wolf Among Us - Accolades Trailer, (PS3)
- In Space We Brawl - Official Launch Trailer, (PS3)
- The Voice: I Want You - Gameplay Review Trailer, (PS3)
- BlazeRush - Teaser Trailer, (PS3)
- The Unfinished Swan - Gameplay Review Trailer, (PS3)
- LittleBigPlanet 3 - Toggle Trailer, (PS3)
- SingStar - Official Launch Trailer, (PS3)
- Monster Hunter Frontier G6, (PS3)
- Adventure Time: Secret Of The Nameless Kingdom, (PS3)
- Dragon Age: Inquisition, (PS3)
- Escape Dead Island, (PS3)
- Far Cry 4, (PS3)
- Hatsune Miku: Project Diva F 2nd, (PS3)
- The Jackbox Party Pack, (PS3)
- LittleBigPlanet 3, (PS3)
- Middle-earth: Shadow Of Mordor, (PS3)
- Toybox Turbos, (PS3)
- Kim Kardashian: Hollywood - Gameplay, (iPhone-iPod)
- Episode: Choose Your Story - Gameplay, (iPhone-iPod)
- How To Train Your Dragon 2 - Ready To Fly Trailer, (Wii)
- The Settlers - Kingdoms Of Anteria - Announcement Trailer, (PC)
- Entwined - Quick Look Trailer, (PS3)
- Blue Estate - Official Launch Trailer, (PS4)
- Goat Commando 3D Simulator - Gameplay, (iPhone-iPod)
- Munin - Official Launch Trailer, (iPad)


text:
With this shot I was trying to capture the light on a sunny day,….When a fast moving storm is coming in,….
Sony A100
1/320 sec.
Tamron 10/24mm lens
Sunset filter,..
I took the shot just outside of Mountain Park,Oklahoma U.S.A.
As of 11/29/10,…118 views,…30 Favorite`s
Featured in;
"Live and Let Live"
"Story Through Image"
"Old Things"
"Favourite PLACES You Take,Make or Paint"
"A Moment In Time"
"This, That, and the Other Thing"
"Cover Shots"
Top ten challenge win in Art and Collectables Sales Group 1/17/11
Top Ten Challenge win in Nature And Man Avatar Challenge -May-5/8/11
Top Ten Challenge win in Nature And Man Avatar September Challenge
As of 3/03/11:
54 Favorites
541 views
WOW love the vibrant colours, what a lovely capture … xox Lesley xox …
Thank you Lesley,..I really do appreciate the fav. too,…THANK YOU!!!
– JohnDSmith
Outstanding shot and beautiful colors! Fabulous work!
Thank you so very much foto,…I wasn`t going to post this shot,After I look at it for several weeks,I thought I`d give it ago….I like it,hope other people do to,…Appreciate the fav. also,…THANK YOU!!!,..
– JohnDSmith
Beautiful work
Thank you Bubbleblue,..So pleased that you like it,….THANK YOU!!!
– JohnDSmith
Stunning John! A feast for the eyes…it looks like a rainbow fell from the sky!
Thank you Karen,…I added the filter,but the light was already awesome,…Thank you for the fav. too,..
– JohnDSmith
Great capture John. I like it a lot. A fav for me.
Thank you Al,…So please that you like it,…Thanks for the fav. too,…
– JohnDSmith
great work
Thank you Antanas,…Appreciate the fav.too,…
– JohnDSmith
Wonderful contrasts!
Wonderful comment and fav.,…THANK YOU!!!
– JohnDSmith
Wow, this is gorgeous John. The sunset filter has such a dramatic and beautiful effect.
Thank you Julie,….Love the fav. too,..THANK YOU!!!,..
– JohnDSmith
WOW!!! This is Gorgeous!! Love!
Love your comment and fav.,…Thank you Rose,…
– JohnDSmith
Thank you Sarnia,..
– JohnDSmith


text:
Staff Reporter
CHENNAI: Over 200 non-governmental organisations across the State have joined hands to campaign for free and fair polling in this year's local bodies elections.
At a press conference here on Wednesday, the Tamil Nadu NGO Alliance for Empowering Panchayat Government announced that it would spread awareness among voters, train and support candidates from people's movements and monitor the elections.
In 2001, the alliance trained and supported 1,200 candidates, and almost 75 per cent of them won, the Alliance claimed.
This time round, it was doubling the figure to 3,000 socially committed candidates, many of whom are Dalits, women or represent other marginalised groups.
The thrust would be on monitoring the poll process, before, during and after the elections.


text:
Headphones & Earphones
RHA MA750i Noise-Isolating In-Ear Headphones
Featuring handmade dynamic drivers, machined stainless steel and a premium oxygen-free copper cable, the RHA MA750i earphones epitomise quality and performance. Switch seamlessly between your music library and calls.99,95 €
- Free Delivery
- Dispatched: In Stock
RHA MA600i Noise-Isolating In-Ear Headphones
The MA600i earphones from RHA are engineered for high-definition sound and effective noise isolation. Machined aluminium components, custom dynamic drivers and a dual insulated cable work together to provide precise and balanced sound reproduction.69,95 €
- Free Delivery
- Dispatched: In Stock
RHA MA450i Noise Isolating In-Ear Headphones with Mic
RHA headphones are made from aircraft-grade aluminium, giving excellent sound quality and featuring a mic and remote so you can take calls on your iPhone, and select music on your iPod or iPad.49,95 €
- Black
- White
- Free Delivery
- Dispatched: In Stock
Klipsch X10i Lou Reed Headphones
The X10i headset merges Klipsch patented comfort with sound simple control of your music and calls, plus design aesthetics chosen by Lou Reed.349,95 €
- Free Delivery
- Dispatched: Currently Unavailable


text:
(not required to buy):
Search keyword or item#:
Secure checkout using:
Or use:
Hours of Operation
(Pacific Time)
Internet Phone Support:
Sat 10-5
Sun 9-4
Store Hours:
Sat 10-6
Sun 10-5
Closed major US holidays
(800)822-9085 arcatapet.com (707)822-6417
We have 4 of Aqua Safe PLUS 8.45 ounce Aquarium Chlorine Remover currently in stock. If you would like us to e-mail you when more are available, please fill in the form below. You will receive a confirmation e-mail, and if we have any questions we will follow up with another e-mail shortly, otherwise you can expect to hear from us when Aqua Safe PLUS 8.45 ounce Aquarium Chlorine Remover is available in the quantity you are looking for. Thank you
Quantity of Aqua Safe PLUS 8.45 ounce Aquarium Chlorine Remover you want:
Your e-mail address:
View Cart
Check out
Fussie Cat Chicken Sweet Potato Canned Cat Food 2.8 oz
$ 1.29
Sponge Ball Cat Toy 4 pack
$ 2.99
Baked Chicken Foot All Natural Dog Treat
$ 1.19
Quantity Discounts!
Nekton-Tonic-I for insect-eating birds 120g (4.23oz)
$ 19.54
Gulpy H20-2-Go Dog Water Dispenser 20oz
$ 6.78
Nekton-S Multi-Vitamin For Birds 75g (2.65oz)
$ 14.78
Poultry Numbered Leg Bandette Blue Size 11 (single band)
$ 0.79
Barn Yarn Hand Knit Wool Cat Toy with Catnip
$ 3.35
Quantity Discounts!
Nekton-E Vitamin E Supplement for Birds 140g (4.93oz)
$ 28.04
Quantity Discounts!
Nekton-S Multi-Vitamin For Birds 375g (13.23oz)
$ 35.99
1994-2014 Arcata Pet Supplies, 600 F Street, Arcata CA 95521.
24-Nov-14 E-Mail:
Site development by
Arcata Pet Software


text:
ANALYSIS About three years ago, Saskatoon Mayor Don Atchison mused about keeping tax increases in the...Nov 19, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Saskatoon
ANALYSIS It seems difficult to fathom today, but four-term Saskatoon Mayor Don Atchison first got elected...Nov 13, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Saskatoon
The City of Saskatoon has launched a new website that officials hope will get the public on board with...Feb 04, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Saskatoon
The Big 4 are no longer, as the Kings and Blackhawks have seperated themselves from the rest of the ...Oct 08, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Sports
As forecast, the Los Angeles Kings were just too much for the upstart New York Rangers. Too much size...Jun 14, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Sports
* This column originally ran in The StarPhoenix June 14, 2004. As colleague Sean Trembath went around...Jun 11, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Sports
Well, the year has turned and I'm suddenly aware of how little time is left until May. When this...Jan 31, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Life
I woke up this morning to windchill in the minus forties, and realised that I have a lot less fat to...Dec 06, 2013 | The StarPhoenix » Life
Since I had my surgery, I've learned about a tool used by Dr. Joyce Davison, a prominent Canadian researcher...Nov 19, 2013 | The StarPhoenix » Life
I had this horrible question pop into my head the other day. I was driving back to work from lunch. ...Nov 15, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Entertainment
Spoiler Alert! The barbecued spareribs aren't as tasty as they look! There. I've totally ruined part...Nov 08, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Entertainment
You never know when you're going to run into your greatest foe. Sometimes it happens at three o'clock...Oct 16, 2014 | The StarPhoenix » Entertainment
On Monday after the Saskatchewan Roughriders won the Grey Cup, Premier Brad Wall discussed with reporters...Nov 29, 2013 | The StarPhoenix » Politics
After the Saskatchewan Roughriders lost to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers earlier this year despite a viral...Nov 22, 2013 | The StarPhoenix » Politics
Opposition Leader Cam Broten and Premier Brad Wall have at least one thing in common. Halfway through...Nov 15, 2013 | The StarPhoenix » Politics
We've congregated into one spot some of the city's most interesting and engaging local bloggers, offering insight into life in the city. Check them out.
The recent terror attacks in Montreal and Ottawa and the subsequent strong response from Canadians across the country must be a wake-up call for us to rethink what it is that we share as a democratic nation. »
Although infection prevention experts constantly remind us of the huge role regular hand-washing plays in keeping people healthy, it's disheartening to learn that many medical professionals who should know its value the best have a lackadaisical attitude that increases risks for hospital patients. A recent CBC iTeam investigation that delved into reports in the Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region discovered noncompliance rates for proper hand hygiene that ranged from a shocking 100 per cent at the Pasqua Hospital's day surgery unit to 94 per cent at the Regina General Hospital's labour and birth department. »


text:
To home, business or free to our stores. Click for more info.
Order now to collect from 11am tomorrow. In stock items only. Click for more info.
Consider, if you can, the case of Jacob Fowler, who heard what he thought was the sound of his own skull cracking between the jaws of a grizzly bear - only to discover that it was. Or the Arizonan jogger who ran a mile back to her car with a rabid fox clamped to her arm before driving to hospital for live-saving inoculations. Or the woman who was attacked by a hyena, dragged from her tent by her face and survived to tell of her ordeal. The dangers of the animal kingdom are the stuff of legend but the reality of man's vulnerability and of nature's savage power is far more various, improbable and chilling than even the most active imagination would fear. In this unique work of nature writing, you will encounter the most formidable predators on land and sea - as well as the most overlooked, bizarre and inventive hazards that mother nature has to offer. Meet the cougar that can leap 40 feet and clear 8-foot fences with a fully-grown deer in its jaws, the tapeworm that's been known to grow as long as 82 feet in the human gut and the elephant that single-handedly destroyed an oil tanker.Drawing on an enormous host of true encounters between man and beast, this is the world's most authoritative compendium of animal attacks on human beings. With mordant wit and expert timing, Gordon Grice provides a gripping journey to the dark side of the animal kingdom and a celebration of its humbling, savage glory. It was originally published in hardback as "The Book of Deadly Animals".
More books by Gordon Grice
Please note for the New & Used Marketplace different terms and conditions apply.
All delivery times quoted are the average, and cannot be guaranteed. These should be added to the availability message time, to determine when the goods will arrive. During checkout we will give you a cumulative estimated date for delivery.
* Available free for orders over £10 = When offered a delivery preference choose 'For Cheapest Postage' for our freepost in the UK offer. This is not available on the 'For Faster Delivery' option.
** Includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
Delivery Help & FAQs
Returns Information
If you are not completely satisfied with your purchase*, you may return it to us in its original condition with in 30 days of receiving your delivery or collection notification email for a refund. Except for damaged items or delivery issues the cost of return postage is borne by the buyer. Your statutory rights are not affected.
* For Exclusions and terms on damaged or delivery issues see Returns Help & FAQs
Currently out of stock
Rob Ryan reveals how he put together his stunning paper-cut and screen-printed illustrations to create his latest book, The Kingdom Revealed.
Andrew Wilson, author of Ukraine Crisis: What It Means for the West, highlights the issues that matter about the Kiev Uprising and Russia's response.
Author Catherine Hall reveals the surprising history of Brighton Pavilion and its Indian guests during World War I.


text:
Added Jun 17, 2013
by julib
New York, New Yo...
This is the Eucalypt Dress pattern from Megan Nielsen's new Breakwater Collection. I splurged a little and purchased one of the kits with this fabric from her site… and the kit was definitely worth it. The pattern is great, but shift dress generally aren't the most flattering style on my figure, so I modified the pattern a little bit by inserting a tube of fabric on the inside and inserting some elastic casing through it at the waist.
If you'd like, you can read more about it and see a few more pics over on my blog
Add to Favorites 1 person added it
Enter the code EARLYBLACKFRIDAY at checkout to save
Pattern of the Week
Seams divide the front for a detail minimalists will love! (This pattern is also a part of our sale)
Get the pattern on sale for $2.99...
Editors' Picks
We have marked down 50 sewing pattern to $2.99 only until Monday, so hurry!
Backstage Report
Our fabulous BurdaStylers of course! Today, save 30% Site-Wide With Code ThankYou14!
Editors' Pick
Satin takes the stage in this new collection of dresses, skirts, and fluttery tops.
You must allow our "request for permission" request to login to Burdastyle with Facebook.


text:
Some striking Peel workers vote to accept deal
Two of three bargaining units on strike at the Region of Peel have accepted the employer's latest offer, however the third has rejected it.
|Report an Error
Share via Email
Two of three bargaining units on strike at the Region of Peel have accepted the employer's latest offer, however the third has rejected it.
More than 500 Ontario Works staff and roughly 80 TransHelp employees have agreed to the region's latest offer while about 280 Public Works members will remain off the job.
Details of the offer were not disclosed before the vote Wednesday.
A source with the union who was at one of the meetings said the offer was better than the less than 1 per cent over three years that had previously been rejected by all three units.
Each unit on Wednesday was voting on its own separate offer from the region.
The Ontario Works employees who accepted the offer Wednesday had been off the job for almost 10 weeks, since the beginning of May. They were followed on the picket line by Public Works staff and then later by TransHelp employees.
The proposed back to work protocol was rejected by Ontario Works staff. If any issues arise during the back to work process the source said grievances would have to be filed at the time.
Regional council is expected on Thursday to ratify the proposal to the two bargaining units that accepted. As for Public Works employees, it is uncertain as to how negotiations will continue.
All together, almost 1,000 Peel Region employees have been on strike since early May. Collectively, the three units handle the bulk of social support services, some waste collection, water safety testing and special needs transit along with other regional services.
Mary Jo Falle, President of CUPE Local 966, said in a statement the members who ratified are looking forward to returning to work on Tuesday, the date proposed by the region.
Top News
- College finds doctor guilty of sexual impropriety with teen patient
- Hospital fires staff who accessed patient files after suicide
- Sun News host Ezra Levant ordered to pay $80K in libel suit
- Toronto gas prices to plunge over weekend
- Ontario launches review of Sick Kids hair drug tests
- Mayor-elect John Tory will sit on police services board
- Rogue retirement home ordered to cease operating
- NEW Star Wars VII: here's the teaser
commercial promo
commercial promo
commercial promo
Popular Photo Galleries
News | Toronto Star
News | Toronto Star
News | Toronto Star


text:
Reminder: 2013/2014 Budget Projections From Same Administration That Underestimated 2012 Deficits by 138 Percent
**Written by Doug Powers
The Obama budget was released yesterday, and the administration predicted that the deficit in fiscal 2013 would fall to $901 billion.
Before taking that estimate to the bank, so to speak, it's probably a good idea to see how on-target the administration has been with previous deficit projections:
In February 2009, Obama submitted his first budget to Congress. It boldly predicted that the federal deficit would decrease dramatically during Obama's term, dropping from an estimated $1.841 trillion in fiscal 2009 to $557.4 billion in fiscal 2012.
However, in the fiscal 2013 budget that Obama submitted to Congress today, the White House is predicting that the federal deficit for fiscal 2012 will not be $557.4 billion after all. Instead, the White House says, it will be $1.3269 trillion.
That means Obama's fiscal 2010 budget proposal missed on its fiscal 2012 deficit prediction by $769.5 billion — an error of 138 percent.
As Harry Doyle might say…
CNS notes that if the White House were to be off 138 percent in their 2014 budget deficit prediction of $667.8 billion, the real deficit number would be almost $1.6 trillion.
This Associated Press story says the White House has enlisted some "familiar phantoms" to make their numbers work. Actually I feel kind of silly mentioning any of this because I'm sure the Truth Team would have pointed these things out before too long.
**Written by Doug Powers
Twitter @ThePowersThatBe
Obama's executive amnesty helps draw thousands of Lois Lerner's emails out of the shadows
November 21, 2014 07:04 PM by Doug Powers
With a rebuttal to President Obama's amnesty announcement, here's President Obama
November 20, 2014 08:25 PM by Doug Powers
Good luck with that: St. Louis mayor agrees to protest group's demands
November 19, 2014 07:59 AM by Doug Powers
White House: Do something about 'climate change' or prepare for a fiery death — or worse
November 18, 2014 07:24 PM by Doug Powers
Jonathan Gruber cashed in even more than previously thought; Update: And Obama JUST found out about all this
November 16, 2014 09:23 AM by Doug Powers
Categories: Barack Obama, Corruption, Democrats, Health care, Nancy Pelosi


text:
Wolfpack to Blue Devils and Tar Heels: I can't quit you
May 11, 2012, 8:32 PM EST
The ACC basketball schedule has not been particularly pleasing to the eye for some time now. It's no different than in any other mega-league caught up in expansion fever over the past several years – the addition of new teams ruined the old formula of playing each league foe twice.
With Pitt and Syracuse coming in (maybe sooner than had previously been believed) there will be even fewer league home-and-home pairings. That means that some league coaches are making the best of next year's 18-game league schedule without extra partners, while they still can.
N.C. State coach Mark Gottfried, for instance, made darn sure that his Wolfpack will play home-and-home with long-time regional foes Duke, North Carolina and Clemson. He was quite candid about the fact that he traded floundering Virginia Tech away for the chance to play marquee matchups that will, not coincidentally, improve his team's tournament profile and provide more appealing TV matchups.
Some other ACC coaches weighed in on the upcoming schedule changes in an article written by ESPN.com's Andy Katz:
"I don't know if there's an easy answer," said Clemson's Brad Brownell. Brownell's unbalanced schedule has his four single games being Wake Forest and North Carolina at home and Duke and Maryland on the road.
"Everyone wants the true round-robin, but we can't in these big conferences," Brownell said. "You're not going to have a true champion."
Maryland, which should still be young but improved next season, also got a heavy schedule: Duke, Virginia, North Carolina and Florida State twice, according to coach Mark Turgeon.
"Mine's not easy," Turgeon said. "But I don't know how else you could do it."
There's obviously no more room for nostalgia in collegiate sports these days. But we can enjoy one last season of the Tobacco Road hate triangle before the inevitable future arrives. Maybe.
Top Posts
- Player of the Year Power Rankings: A familiar face on top, but a few surprises behind him 0
- Ricky Doyle secures 70-63 win for No. 19 Michigan over Oregon in Legends Classic 0
- Villanova's win is evidence of why VCU may have peaked as a basketball program 12
- Mike Brey was excited about Notre Dame's loss because the Irish have their closer back 1
- Weekly Awards: LaDontae Henton, West Virginia with notable performances 0
- College Basketball Talk's latest top 25: Kentucky reigns, but how far will Kansas, Florida slide? 5
- Providence star LaDontae 'Buckets' Henton may be the nation's most under-appreciated star 1
Most Commented
- Poll: 54 percent of people think Kentucky beats the 76ers, 54 percent of people are dumb (31)
- Villanova's win is evidence of why VCU may have peaked as a basketball program (12)
- College Basketball Talk's latest top 25: Kentucky reigns, but how far will Kansas, Florida slide? (5)
- After getting embarrassed by No. 1 Kentucky, where does No. 5 Kansas go from here? (3)
- Burning Questions: Who gets the last shot? (3)


text:
I had cancer field trips where I took people from work with me to chemo and radiation treatments. They've seen me be aligned for radiation and watched me be connected through my portacath to a chemo infusion. I spared no details and told them what everything felt like.Continue Reading »
For me, it was easy to be open about my cancer diagnosis with co-workers. The news spread like a brush fire around the office until my boss caught wind of it. Greg, my functional leader, was great. He set up a meeting with HR so that I knew what to do when it was time to go on medical leave for surgery. I was told not to worry about my job, andContinue Reading »
"Are you back to work yet?" is probably my third most asked question about cancer. The first being, "How are you feeling" and second, "What kind?" The answer to the first one is that I feel okay…Sometimes I am a little tired but that's normal under the circumstances. The second is Angiosarcoma, which is a very rare vascular cancer that effectsContinue Reading »
According to Planet Cancer, CAC is " A great resource for working women with cancer, their employers, co-workers and caregivers.Continue Reading »
Wife. Mother. Beauty Industry Professional. Breast Cancer Survivor. Hear in her own words how Cancer and Careers helped her balance life, work and treatment.Continue Reading »
The annual Cancer and Careers/CEW Foundation Beauty of Giving luncheon was held last week at the Waldorf=Astoria in NYC. The luncheon honored Leslie Blodgett, CEO of Bare Escentuals for her extraordinary achievement in uniting business with philanthropy.Continue Reading »
Cancer and Careers would like to wish you and yours a very happy Thanksgiving! Thanksgiving is about two things: giving thanks and eating. So I thought I would share one of the recipes from our Nutrition On The Go Guide that is specially formulated for cancer patients and survivors. It makes a great side dish!Continue Reading »
This week various members of the Cancer and Careers team are traveling all over the US for great conferences and seminars.Continue Reading »
Today only, when you visit Beauty.com, click on the special "Shop & Support" link, and spend $50 or more they will donate $5 to Cancer and Careers! And through tomorrow more than thirty Beauty.com brands will continue to donate a portion of proceeds of sales to CAC.Continue Reading »
Trying to work as you battle your way through "chemo brain?" In a new book, Your Brain After Chemo (Da Capo Press, 2009) Journalist Idelle Davidson (a former breast cancer patient who fought chemo brain herself) and UCLA physician researcher Dan Silverman, MD, PhD, present a readable, intriguing blend of scientific updates on what's behind "chemoContinue Reading »
Are you an oncology nurse, social worker or patient navigator? Do your patients ask for guidance on working through treatment? Do you wish you had better answers?Continue Reading »
Cancer and Careers is thrilled to be the beneficiary of PinkFest, an annual event dedicated to raising awareness and funds to support women as they face the challenges of fighting cancer. PinkFest 2009 features music by The Vowels, Joe D'Urso & Stone Caravan and Christine Martucci Band. Plus free drinks, auctions and raffles all night long.Continue Reading »
We were excited to hear about The American Cancer Society's recently released cookbook What To Eat During Cancer Treatment: 100 Great-Tasting, Family-Friendly Recipes to Help You Cope because we know how challenging maintaining good nutrition can be during treatment. We particularly love that the editors arranged the recipes by symptoms that mightContinue Reading »
Now's your chance to tell congress that losing their insurance is the last thing that people with cancer should have to worry about. No matter what side of the healthcare debate you're on, we can all agree that:Continue Reading »
We are thrilled to announce that Cancer and Careers has a presence in not one, not two, but THREE popular magazines this October!Continue Reading »
I'm Rebecca Nellis, Director of Programs.Continue Reading »
Hi I'm Kate Sweeney, I'm the Executive Director of the Cosmetic Executive Women Foundation. I was CAC's first and only employee when we launched our website in 2001. These days, I spend my time being very grateful to have such a talented staff, and overseeing all of the Cancer andContinue Reading »
Hi! I'm Devon Slauenwhite, Director of Development. I've been with Cancer and Careers for just over 2.5 years now, and I am responsible for all of the fundraising for the program.Continue Reading »
Did you know there are only 4 members of the Cancer and Careers staff? Most don't! So we thought we would introduce ourselves.Continue Reading »
Chemotherapy is increasingly being given as "maintenance" therapy, continuing the regimen even after the cancer is under control, as a preventive strategy, according to a recent report in the New York Times. This approach is being used for ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Here, Rosalie Canosa, a licensed clinical socialContinue Reading »


text:
Resource Types
Filter by article type:
- House Tours (30) Apply House Tours filter
- My House (11) Apply My House filter
- Design 101 (9) Apply Design 101 filter
- Post (5) Apply Post filter
- Product (5) Apply Product filter
- Product Reviews (5) Apply Product Reviews filter
- Green (3) Apply Green filter
- Interviews (2) Apply Interviews filter
- Profiles (2) Apply Profiles filter
- A Great Idea (1) Apply A Great Idea filter
- Books (1) Apply Books filter
- Renovation (1) Apply Renovation filter
- Shops (1) Apply Shops filter
- Travel Reports (1) Apply Travel Reports filter
Filter by written by:
Filter by post date:
- (-) 2009
- January 2009 (60) Apply January 2009 filter
- February 2009 (8) Apply February 2009 filter
- March 2009 (9) Apply March 2009 filter
- April 2009 (4) Apply April 2009 filter
- May 2009 (13) Apply May 2009 filter
- June 2009 (11) Apply June 2009 filter
- July 2009 (8) Apply July 2009 filter
- August 2009 (8) Apply August 2009 filter
- September 2009 (5) Apply September 2009 filter
- October 2009 (2) Apply October 2009 filter
- November 2009 (7) Apply November 2009 filter
- December 2009 (2) Apply December 2009 filter
Filter by product categories:
- Storage (137) Apply Storage filter
- Furniture (43) Apply Furniture filter
- Flooring (26) Apply Flooring filter
- Windows (26) Apply Windows filter
- Fixtures (8) Apply Fixtures filter
- Lighting (8) Apply Lighting filter
- Fireplaces/Stoves (6) Apply Fireplaces/Stoves filter
- Accessories (5) Apply Accessories filter
- Modular Housing (5) Apply Modular Housing filter
- Housecleaning (4) Apply Housecleaning filter
- Rugs/Carpeting (4) Apply Rugs/Carpeting filter
- Books (3) Apply Books filter
- Decorations (3) Apply Decorations filter
- Doors (3) Apply Doors filter
- Gardening (3) Apply Gardening filter
- Kitchenware (3) Apply Kitchenware filter
- Room Dividers (3) Apply Room Dividers filter
- Wallcoverings (3) Apply Wallcoverings filter
- Countertop (2) Apply Countertop filter
- Toys (2) Apply Toys filter
- Appliances (1) Apply Appliances filter
- Art (1) Apply Art filter
- Cabinets/Consoles (1) Apply Cabinets/Consoles filter
Filter by topics:
Filter by section:
Explore - Storage
Building Blocks
On a double suburban lot in Tokyo, the Office of Ryue Nishizawa built a neighborhood-scaled, flexible-format minimalist steel prefab compound for Yasuo Moriyama—a very private individual with...written by: Maggie Kinser Hohlephotos by: Dean Kaufman01.17.09
Row House Revival
Following the interventions of architect Matthew Baird and interior designer Janet Liles, Mo Ogrodnik's apartment, which she shares with her husband and two children, is a resonant...written by: Marc Kristalphotos by: Craig Cutler01.19.09
Et tu, Bertus?
People often introduce Bertus Mulder by talking about his extraordinary pedigree.written by: Jane Szita01.23.09
Courtyard of Appeal
Like so many L.A. stories, the tale of the Courtyard House begins with a lucky break. One day in 2001, Thomas Robertson got a call from a friend he hadn't seen in ages. The friend told him that his...written by: David A. Greenephotos by: Maria Aufmuth01.25.09
Dear Dwell: I'm sick of living like a slob. Now that I've finally got a nice place to hang my hat, I need something to hang it on. Can you recommend some off-the-hook coatracks that don't look l...written by: Hannah Huntphotos by: Peter Belanger01.25.09
Designer's Block
While some of Joe Columbo's designs have proven the test of time (Alitalia still uses his plastic flatware), others were simply ahead of their time.written by: Sam Grawe01.30.09
101: Kitchens
From IKEA-mania and back to the farm, we wonder if the perfect kitchen might be an oxymoron.written by: Sam Grawe02.22.09
A Bolder Key Holder
We recently received a letter from Dwell reader Paula Pollachek asking for suggestions for a container in which to "collect all of your belongings, like keys, phone, and wallet, in one place...written by: Miyoko Ohtake01.22.09
SchubLaden's Modern Salvage
The use of salvaged material in design has become such a strong sign of responsibility and sustainability that it sometimes becomes the sole crutch for products that otherwise have little aesthetic...written by: Sarah Rich02.01.09
Blu Dot's Modular SHILF Shelf
The folks at Blu Dot have taken a cue from IKEA and issued a new style of modular shelving called the "SHILF." Like the Swedish icon's products, Blu Dot's shelving is designed for DIY...written by: Jamie Waugh02.10.09
Clever Details Increase Property Value
Doing something unique can increase a home's resale value.written by: Shonquis Moreno02.26.09
Roadside Attraction
A Colorado couple handles their freeway-facing lot with flair, and incorporates a long list of sustainable features to boot.written by: Amara Holsteinphotos by: Ron Pollard03.16.09
Bulthaup's B2 Kitchen System
With its updated version of the old walk-in hearth, Bulthaup deconstructs the kitchen into a freestanding system fit for a modern ascetic.written by: Deborah Bishop04.16.09
Built-In Beauty
While visiting and writing about small homes for our June 2009 "Think Smaller" issue, it quickly became clear that when space is sparse, the best way to get the most bang for your buck...written by: Miyoko Ohtake05.25.09
Dylan Gold's Cornered Table
Several weeks ago I was a member of the jury for a design competition sponsored by Design Within Reach. The call for entries asked emerging designers to submit furniture and lighting that paid as...written by: Sarah Rich05.26.09
Massimo Iosa Ghini: The Speed of Design
Designer Massimo Iosa Ghini takes a moment to reflect on the hazards of speed and the merits of Europe's standard of living.written by: Virginia Gardiner08.05.09
The Norsk Face
Marianne Lien and Lasse Altern Halvorsen opened Pur Norsk in Oslo in 2006 to seek out and promote the finest in Norweigan design. Can Pur Dansk be far behind?written by: Jordan Kushins09.28.09
Arik Levy
Arik Levy's designs have been produced by a variety of big names—e15 (SH05 ARIE shelf, pictured below), Zanotta, Council, Living Divani, and Bernhardt Design, to name a few—but...written by: Dwell Staff09.02.09
Rick Prelinger Evaluates Modern Media Storage
Though the contents of every cassette, LP, and VHS tape you've ever owned can now fit inside a gadget the size of a tie clip, your plasma TV and subwoofer still need a resting place. Film archivist...written by: Aaron Britt11.05.09
Fine Finnish: Entrance
When Susanna entered her future home for the first time, it appeared cramped and uninviting. Her first step in adding a sense of spaciousness and clarity was to paint all the surfaces—&ndash...01.02.09


text:
Hollywood In the Mist
by Yuri Reese
Art Print
Collect your choice of gallery quality Giclée, or fine art prints custom trimmed by hand in a variety of sizes with a white border for framing.
This was a rare date when the clouds mist came down low on the Hollywood Sign.
- 7Promote


text:
Smock discusses the "new American family" on NPR
Pfeffer and colleagues re-examine impacts of community college attendance
Frey explains the minority-majority remapping of America
Apply for 2-year NICHD Postdoctoral Fellowships that begin September 2015
PSC Fall 2014 Newsletter now available
Martha Bailey and Nicolas Duquette win Cole Prize for article on War on Poverty
Michigan's graduate sociology program tied for 4th with Stanford in USN&WR rankings
Monday, Dec 1
Linda Waite, Health & Well-Being of Adults over 60
Courant, Paul, and Alan Deardorff. 1992. "International Trade with Lumpy Countries." Journal of Political Economy, Vol 100 (February), 198-210.
This paper explores the implications for the pattern of international trade of differences among regions within countries--what we call "lumpiness." If factors of production are sufficiently unevenly distributed across regions, then the pattern of trade of the country as a whole may depart from what it would have been had factors been evenly distributed. Thus lumpiness in the geographical distribution of factors can be a determinant of trade. We show in particular that if other determinants of trade are absent, then a country will tend to export the good that intensively uses its lumpier (i.e., more unevenly distributed) factor.
DOI:10.1086/261813 (Full Text)
Browse | Search : All Pubs | Next


text:
Chris Christie Is Ignorant About Ebola, But That Doesn't Mean He Was Wrong About Quarantines
October 28, 2014
Quarantine has a vital role to play in preventing the spread of Ebola. It's just that that role shouldn't be determined by Christie.
You're Overreacting to the Ebola Outbreak, and It's Not Helping
October 27, 2014
In fact, it's hurting our public health system.
NYC's Ebola Patient Went Bowling. Why Don't Americans Just Stay Home When They're Sick?
October 23, 2014
If you're feeling ill, don't go bowling. Please.
We Should Quarantine Everyone Coming From Countries With Ebola Outbreaks
October 16, 2014
"There is a real possibility that the numbers will proliferate more rapidly than expected."
This Woman Is Traveling in a Hazmat Suit—and 4 More Absurd Ebola Overreactions
October 16, 2014
Everyone, calm down.
In 1941, We Thought We Were on the Cusp of Eradicating All Airborne Diseases
October 15, 2014
Sometimes hope gets a little ahead of science.
A Nurse Should Not Have Contracted Ebola. We Need New Policies.
October 13, 2014
It's clear that something went wrong.
How Not To Write About Deadly, Infectious Diseases Like Ebola
October 01, 2014
First of all, it helps if things make sense.
Here's What I Would Have Told Robin Williams About Living With Parkinson's
August 15, 2014
The comic could have been the next Michael J. Fox.
I'm an Ebola Doctor Working in Liberia. Giving Every Patient That Rare Serum Doesn't Make Sense.
August 13, 2014
Yes, it sounds callous, but it's much more practical.


text:
A man into pregnant porn. A strange fetish, if you ask me, but there it is.
"Some guys are into boobs or arse, but my friend Gary's a mommy popper. He likes 'em big, curvy and ready to birth."
by Eric the Nýbúi July 10, 2009
10 Words Trending Now
Alphabetical List
Type your email address below to get our free Urban Word of the Day every morning!
Emails are sent from firstname.lastname@example.com. We'll never spam you.×