text:
Columbus, Ohio-based US Railcar Co. LLC, has acquired the rights to build diesel multiple-unit (DMU) trains based on the designs of Colorado Railcar Corp., which sought to establish itself as a primary source for DMU production in North America. Fort Lupton, Colo.-based Colorado Railcar closed its doors Dec. 23 and terminated all operations Dec. 31.
US Railcar already is touting its newly acquired DMU design, completed with retouched photographs, on its website, http://www.amrailco.com/documents/ARC-Brochure.pdf. The company says its mission is "Bringing the former Colorado Railcar DMU back to life."
The Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) in Pueblo, Colo., is incorporating RailComm's DOC® (Domain Operations Controller) Track Warrant Control system into its training program. The training system will include RailComm's standard TWC capabilities, as well as an interface to Lockheed Martin's positive train control (PTC) system, called CBAS (Computer Based Authorization System).
The DOC® software-based control system is an advanced command, control, communications, and information (C3i) server-based platform that supports a wide variety of integrated solutions for indication, control, access, and distribution of critical operational data.
CSX Transportation has sued Fairfield, Conn.-based General Electric Co. and four GE subsidiaries for producing a freight car with a defective bolt, which failed and caused a derailment near Brooks, Ky., in January 2007.
CSX filed its complaint in federal court in Lousiville, Ky., June 9, seeking $44 million in damages resulting from the derailment of 26 railcars, including 12 holding hazardous materials.
"The Federal Railroad Administration conducted anextensive investigation to determine the cause of the derailment" and identified the cause as the failure of a bolt on a car owned or placed into service by the defendants, according to the CSX complaint.
Also named as a defendant is a third party vendor, Railcar Associates LP.
The United Transportation Union and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen late Thursday filed a petition with the Federal Railroad Administration seeking an emergency order prohibiting the use of one-person crews in all train operations, including remote control and conventional switching operations.
In a 12-page submission signed by both BLET National President Edward W. Rodzwicz and UTU International President Malcom B. Futhey, Jr., the two labor groups charged that one-person operation, including remote control operation, "have been nothing more than the industry's attempt to reduce operating costs to increase profits, at the expense of worker safety."
BLET and UTU cited a May 10 incident involving CSX at Selkirk, N.Y., where "an employee was killed while working alone and using a remote control device. He was ordered by his supervisor to change a knuckle on a car without any assistance. The employee never received any training on how to change a knuckle wearing a remote control operator control unit ("OCU"), and did not remove the OCU while attempting to change the knuckle. Unfortunately, while located between the cars, he was crushed and killed by movement of his remote control locomotive ("RCL") on the track where he was working."
Freight carload traffic on U.S. railroads was at a nine-week high in the week ended June 6, showing "slight signs of a slowly improving economy," the Association of American Railroads announced Thursday.
U.S. carriers originated 260,282 freight carloads during the latest week, down 19.8 % from the same week in 2008. Intermodal volume of 188,801 trailers or containers was off 20.1% from last year.
Eighteen of 19 carload commodity groups were down from last year; declines ranged from 6.7% for grain mill products to 68.2%% for metallic ores. The only group showing an increase was that labeled "all other carloads," which was up 24.4%.
Canadian railroads reported volume of 55,914 cars for the week, down 27.9% from last year, and 39,357 trailers or containers, down 19.7%.
Mexican railroads reported originated volume of 11,791 cars,down 19.9% from last year, and 4,634 trailers or containers, down 21.9%.
Combined North-American rail volume for the first 22 weeks of 2009 on 14 reporting U.S., Canadian, and Mexican railroads totaled 7,346,180 carloads, down 20.2% from last year, and 5,074,383 trailers and containers, down 16.7%.
The Surface Transportation board issued a decision Thursday intent on "clarifying" that Union Pacific has a common carrier obligation to quote rates for the movement of chlorine to three disputed destinations.
The case has been closely watched at a time of rising concerns that moving potentially lethal materials through certain areas poses a threat to national security.
STB made these findings:
"In January 2009, US Magnesium LLC (USM) requested that UP establish common carrier rates for the transportation of chlorine from Rowley, UT, to 35 different destinations. UP established rates for most of the traffic, but replied that it would not publish rates from Rowley to four destinations in or near Houston and Dallas, TX, and Allemania and Plaquemine, LA because: (1) although UP previously published rates for these destinations, USM never shipped to them; and (2) it was not a reasonable request to expect UP to transport chlorine over 1,000 miles through multiple High Threat Urban Areas (HTUAs), as defined by the Transportation SecurityAdministration (TSA) ... when there is an abundant supply of chlorine located closer to the denied destinations....
"Many shippers and receivers filed comments in opposition to UP's petition, and railroads and associations of railroads filed comments in support, while other interested parties filed comments noting their various concerns. ... USM, North America's sole producer of magnesium, explains that chlorine is a co-product of its magnesium production process. The volume of chlorine produced by USM in a given year varies directly with the demand for magnesium. USM asserts that increased demand for magnesium led USM to ship chlorine via UP to Allemania in 2007 and to Houston in 2008. USM points out that, if it is unable to reach a market for its chlorine, then it must release it into the air, which is not cost-effective and may cause it to decide to stop producing magnesium in the U.S. Several shippers also dispute UP's claims and assert that the supply of chlorine in the Gulf Coast region is inadequate, requiring customers in the region to have chlorine delivered from over 800 miles away, including from Canadian sources.
"[W]e find that UP has an obligation to establish rates and service terms in response to USM's request, and subsequently to provide service under the rates offered.
"UP alleges safety concerns in arguing that USM's requests are unreasonable, but it fails to establish that the transportation at issue is unsafe. Indeed, the record shows that UP has moved chlorine for USM to two of the denied destinations in the last 2 years."
Asserting that China is "at the epicenter of revolutionizing rail infrastructure and operations for the 21st Century," IBM has announced the opening of a Global Rail Innovation Center in Beijing.
The center will bring together of the world's foremost industry leaders, researchers, and universities" in a country the is introducing "new high speed trains and a hugely expanded rail network at an unprecedented pace," said IBM in an announcement released Thursday in Beijing and at IBM headquarters in Armonk, N.Y.
Members of the center's advisory board include: Judge Quentin L.Kopp, chairman of he California High Speed Rail Authority; Professor Joseph Sussman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Tsinghua University; Michigan Technological University; Motorola; Railinc; Sabre; and RMI.
Karl Dierkx, director of the new center, said that "by bringing together leading industry experts and advanced technologies, we can help rail provides increase rail capacity, efficiency, safety, and customer service, resulting in networks of smarter rail systems around the world."
Greenwich, Conn.-based Genesee & Wyoming Inc. Thursday said it foresaw its second quarter profitability falling between 35 and 37 cents a share, down at least 18% from its earlier projection of 45 cents a share, due to a continuing decline in freight traffic on its 63 short line and regional railroad properties.
Analysts, on average, expected 44 cents, which has moved down 3 cents during the past two months.
Genesee & Wyoming also lowered its revenue guidance to $130 million, compared with an earlier expectation of $140 million to $145 million. G&W expects its operating ratio to be between 81% and 83% during the quarter; it had expected a ratio of 79% to 80%.
G&Ws overall traffic for the first two months of the second quarter fell 5.5% from the comparable period a year ago. On a same-railroad basis, measured against properties under the G&W banner one year ago and excluding recent acquisitions, traffic dipped 21.4%.
The company said it so far has furloughed 234 employees since the beginning of the year, including 70 in the current quarter. In addition, 64 of the company's locomotives, roughly 12%, are in storage,including 17 units placed in storage since the end of the first quarter.
Florida legislators May 1 rejected a proposed $1.2 billion regional rail system, "SunRail," centered in Orlando and envisioned to serve five nearby counties, but Florida's Department of Transportation still must honor $44 million in costs owed numerous suppliers.
The costs include $462,000 owed to CSX Transportation, for rail safety inspection, flagging, and signal maintenance. CSX had planned to sell right-of-way to the state as part of the proposal.
State Sen. Paula Dockery, who helped defeat the proposed rail plan, said the cost was "an outrage," saying FDOT and other SunRail supporters spent "a quarter of a million taxpayer dollars to lead rallies and bus businesspeople upto Tallahassee to lobby this flawed CSX commuter-rail deal." SunRail backers said the costs were necessary to prepare for the proposed service. Moreover, "We don't see this as a waste of money," said Christine Kefauver, representing Orlando Mayor Buddy Dyer, who supported SunRail. "A lot of environmental work has been done that has a shelf life."
FDOT records show that the largest sum, $10.1 million, is owed to EarthTech, the project's primary consultant. Other contractors reimbursed, or to be paid, include: Lochrane Engineering, $3.4 milllion: WRS Environmental Services, $2.6 million; URS Corp., $1.9 million; and Shutts and Bowen, real estate attorneys, $1.7 million.
Unless other means are found to fund SunRail, the deal struck by CSX and FDOT expires June 30.
New Jersey Transit's need to provide enough power to haul 10-car bilevel trains spurred the corporation Wednesday to approve a $72 million contract with Bombardier Transportation for nine ALP-46A electric engines. The order supplements NJT's current fleet of 27 ALP-46 units, and will help replace 32 older ALP-44 engines ordered as early as 1990.
"It's more cost-effective than rehabilitating the old ALP-44s and the first ALP-46A will be delivered by next year and the order filled by 2011," said NJT Executive Director Richard Sarles.
NJT's increasing use of Bombardier multilevel equipment on its three primary electric lines—the Northeast Corridor, North Jersey Coast Line and Morris & Essex Lines—has increased passenger capacity, but at times prompted the need for the company to use two electric engines to ensure prompt performance of 10-car trains.
The ALP-46A units are each rated to sufficiently power a 10-car consist; in addition, the ALP-46A units are expected to provide more rapid acceleration, reducing potential dwell time issues, particularly on the Northeast Corridor.
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Jonny May drafted into England squad
ESPN Staff
June 16, 2012
Gloucester's Jonny May is set to link up with the England squad in South Africa later today © Getty Images
Gloucester's Jonny May has been called into the England squad following a tour-ending injury to Harlequins' George Lowe.
The England Saxons international flew to South Africa overnight as a replacement for Lowe who will return home tonight for further consultation after a scan showed he had suffered left ankle ligament damage in the mid-week victory over the SA Barbarians (South).
Coach Stuart Lancaster said: "It's a shame for George because he had a good game against the Southern Barbarians until he was injured. But this is an opportunity for another young player who has come up through our age grade programme and into the Saxons to gain some valuable international tour experience."
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
|Live Scores
The time for tinkering is over - England must nail their colours to the mast in key positions, writes Phil Vickery
Gatland should learn from Joe Schmidt
"New Zealand-born Joe Schmidt has forged the Irish into a street-smart, well- prepared side," John Mitchell on the Irish renaissance
"I am bored of hearing 'I can't fault the effort'. Let us take that for granted and look for some quality." John Taylor writes
Damned if they do, damned if they don't
Reports comparing the 2014 Wallabies with their rabble-like predecessors of 2005 are unfair and self-serving, Greg Growden reports


text:
Hay 99136, WA, United States1 month ago on craigslist.org
For sale
Metal cages used as hay feeders (cornell) ( google map ) ( yahoo map ) Tote cages. I used as hay feeders for sheep.
Jersey City 07395, NJ, United States2 days ago on ebay.com
For sale Auction
...It measures 72"H x 42"W x 28"D.Included are four stainless feeding bowls.The four feeding doors open for easy access to fill.There is a front door,double dometop doors along with a side door.You will need to make or purchase a new bottom drop tray............the current one has a hole in it(see ...
Bonners Ferry 83805, ID, United States2 weeks ago on ebay.com
For sale $24
Used Aspects Dome 18". This is for the dome only.. no feeder included. This dome has numerous scratches & scrapes that can't be seen in the photos. If your squirrels don't care about the scratches.. than this is a good deal. Please ask any questions before you buy. Ships to the lower 48 states only. Thanks for looking!
Albuquerque NM, United States1 month ago on spreadmyad.com
For sale $100
...room and have these items for sale: Two Horse Size winter blankets, 2 portable hanging feeders that break down to take on the road, two english cinches or girths, 1 ...
Manhattan Beach CA, United States1 week ago on ebay.com
For sale $13
This is a genuine Fenix porcelain crock in Mauve color. Manufactured by fenix research. It is gently used with no cracks or chips. Measurements: Outside 5.25" x 1.5/8" - Inside 4.3/8" x 1.3/8" - Dry Weight is 14 oz. - Holds 5 oz. liquid. Please ask any questions you may have. Thank you for looking.
Escondido CA, United States2 weeks ago on ebay.com
For sale $16
...Art Deco Glass Bird Cage Feeders Water bowl U.S.A. Hendryx usa In good used condition. No damage. One of the feeders still has some bird seed remnants in it. Exactly as pictured. Note:I only ship to Confirmed Paypal addresses. Please pay within 7 days of the auction or "buy it now" listing end time. On the 3rd ...
used feeders:
vintage bird cage
Bushton 67427, KS, United States1 month ago on nextechclassifieds.com
For sale $625
...ad and sold it to a very nice lady from Hays that it will be used for the girls house for tmp. We offered to put it together and deliver it for her and received a very nice thank you note with the check. She is happy and so are we. We also had other offers for less money after ...
used feeders:
used round bale feeders
Mountain Home AR, United States2 weeks ago on ebay.com
For sale Auction
2 vintage Brown's Original hummy-bird bar Hummingbird Feeders glass One of them is in excellent shape, was never used. However the second one (as you can tell in the last picture) the plastic is cracked. Both are in boxes and come with the original instructions.
used feeders:
for sale mountain home
Boca Raton FL, United States3 weeks ago on ebay.com
For sale Auction
Up for auction is a:Hova Bator Incubator Model 2362nlittle Giant Automatic Egg Turner Food and water feederheat lamp. Basically a full kit to get you started hatching minus ...to regulate temperature. Incubator has a fan inside as well. The egg turner was also used once. The egg holders are in a bag inside the box. I cannot guarantee ...
used feeders:
used egg incubators
Mineral, CO, United States1 month ago on craigslist.org
For sale $325
Have two cattle mineral feeders. One is a "Easy Way" and has face fly fighter (used one season). Asking $325.00 for this one. Other mineral feeder sits on ground (brand new, never used). Asking $120.00 for this one. Call show contact info for more information.
Lafayette 47901, IN, United States3 weeks ago on craigslist.org
For sale $300
Two new feeders for $400.00 Four used feeders for $300.00. Used feeders are only 6 months old.
Prescott Valley AZ, United States2 weeks ago on craigslist.org
For sale $50
Tire feeders used for livestock, keeps hay from blowing around $50.00 for both tires 928 nine two five 43 six seven
Deer 72628, AR, United States1 week ago on craigslist.org
For sale $50
Moultrie sure feed 15 gallon tripod game feeder brand new and in unopened box-$90 O.B.O. Also, ive got another used feeder in great shape-$50 O.B.O. Come pick em up and bring the game to you!
Mineral, CO, United States1 month ago on craigslist.org
For sale $75
( google map ) ( yahoo map ) 3 Hay and Grain feeders, excellent condition$ 75.00 each or all 3 for $200.00 Mineral Feeder used less than three months, excellent condition $60.00
Simpsonville SC, United States1 month ago on ebay.com
For sale $1,245
...25 pro wire feeder portable welder used gun sn-u ... lincoln ln-25 pro wire feeder with used gun sn-u ... all our wire feeders are load tested and come with A 90 day warranty Please feel free to contact me for all you Rigging and Welding needs and I can list any items we have that you might need.. ...
used feeders:
lincoln ln 25
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text:
LaserMax Uni-Max External High-Bright Green Laser with Integral Picatinny-Style Mount Plus Accessory Picatinny Rail Matte
Product #: 359170 LaserMax #: LMS-UNI-G UPC #: 798810401079
Product Information
The LaserMax Uni-Max green laser features a pulse beam with ambidextrous master on/off switch. It features an integral picatinny rail below the laser as well as a picatinny-style mount for quick mounting. The Uni-Max Green with let you discover the advantages that green lasers offer with maximum visibility in all conditions. Constructed of fiber-reinforced nylon.
Technical Information
Battery Type: 1/3N Lithium (2)
Battery Life: Not Listed
Wavelength: 532nm Green laser
Output: 5mW
Laser Range: Not Listed
Warranty: 1-year
Fits Picatinny or Weaver-style rails with minimum rail length of 1.75"
Pulse beam
Integral Picatinny rail below laser
Ambidextrous activation switch
Fiber-reinforced nylon construction
Extra alignment tool stores inside battery compartment
Two 1/3N type batteries included
Operating temperature: 10°F to 130°F
Spot size: 5/16" at 7 yards, 3/4" at 25 yards
Technical Information
Battery Type: 1/3N Lithium (2)
Battery Life: Not Listed
Wavelength: 532nm Green laser
Output: 5mW
Laser Range: Not Listed
Warranty: 1-year
Delivery Information
The total weight of the product, including the product's packaging as it sits on our shelf. Since some products ship directly from the Manufacturer, their weight may be unavailable. Because of variations in the manufacturing process, similar products may have differing weights. Unless the product is designated as "Ships Alone", Shipping Weight does not include the shipping box or packing materials associated with your order.
Product ships from MidwayUSA, separate from any other products on your order due to its size. Products that are Shipped Alone incur separate "Per Order" and "Per Pound" shipping charges.
Product is regulated by the US Department of Transportation (DOT) and cannot be shipped via USPS or air shipping methods. DOT-Regulated products must ship UPS Ground.
Product is restricted by shipping carriers and cannot be shipped to certain locations or via certain shipping methods.
- Cannot ship via air
- Cannot ship via USPS
Additional shipping charge for HazMat products. Carriers charge extra to ship packages with products they consider hazardous, such as reloading powder and primers.
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The statements and opinions expressed within Customer Reviews reflect each author's personal perspective and do not imply endorsement by MidwayUSA, its Employees or any other organization. Customers should in no way infer that MidwayUSA has validated review information as safe, accurate or appropriate.
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Grace will be interviewed on the nationally syndicated "Here and Now" radio program this afternoon – June 21st. Check the "Here and Now" ways to listen page for information about broadcast schedules or listen online at WBUR today at noon EST.
Cleveland's V107.3 will be live broadcasting Saturday's show from the Beachland Ballroom. If you can't make it to the show be sure to tune in tomorrow evening. Listen to today's interview with Grace and Ravenna as a warmup.
On a Friday afternoon in February, Grace Potter and the Nocturnals spent time outside of San Diego recording stripped down versions of songs from their new album. Here's "Goodbye Kiss".
Fueled by lead single "Tiny Light," their incendiary live shows and rave reviews from critics nationwide, the self-titled album from GRACE POTTER & THE NOCTURNALS (Hollywood Records/Ragged Company) enter Billboard's Top 200 at # 20, Billboard's Rock Album Chart at #3 and Billboard's Digital Album Chart at #9.
Remember the "Grace Under Fire" chocolate bar we talked about recently? Lake Champlain Chocolates has produced a fantastic video with Grace and Matt at the factory making and enjoying this amazing creation. Continue on to watch the video.
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Copyright © 2012 Grace Potter and the Nocturnals All rights reserved


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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Oct. 15, 1968 l. LITANT 5, CONDUCTI'VE SYNTHETIC RESIN COMPOSITION I CONTAINING CARBON FILAMENTS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 7, 1966 FIGQZ.
INVENTOR Irving Litont FIG.4.
ATTORNEYS Get. 15, 1968 l. LlTANT 3,406,125
CONDUCTIVE SYNTHETIC RESIN COMPOSITION I CONTAINING CARBON FILAMENTS Filed Dec. 7, 1966 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR F I G Irving Litani BY Vg/' A TURNEYS United States Patent 3,406,126 CONDUCTIVE SYNTHETIC RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING CARBON FILAMENTS Irving Litant, Lexington, Mass., assignor to Avco Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 324,171, Nov. 13, 1963, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 128,053, July 31, 1961. This application Dec. 7, 1966, Ser. No. 599,790
5 Claims. (Cl. 252-511) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An electrically conducting composite consisting of a non-conducting moldable material having imbedded therein about .05 to about 5% of unwoven carbon yarn filaments which are in substantial contacting relationship to provide a field for current flow, thus to render the moldable material conductive but without modification of or deleterious effect upon the natural and inherent qualities of such moldable material.
This invention relates to electrical conductors and more particularly to composite materials where electrical conductivity is obtained by incorporating a conducting material in an insulator or a non-conducting material. The resuit is an electrical conducting means.
This is a continuation-in-part of application for patent Ser. No. 324,171, filed Nov. 13, 1963, such latter application being in turn a continuation in-part of application for patent Ser. No. 128,053, filed July 31, 1961.
An electrical conductor is herein defined-as a material having a DC resistivity of ohm-cm. or less at C. An electrical insulator or non-conductor is defined as a material having a DC resistivity of 10 ohm-cm. or higher at 25 C. (Materials having resistivities between 10+ and 10 ohm-cm. are considered semiconductors.) Such definitions represent generally accepted criteria. References to resistivity throughout this discussion shall be understood.
to mean volume resistivity, or ohms-centimeter.
The term electrical conducting means, as used herein, embraces any one of a large and varied group of composite materials comprising as a base matrix a non-conductive material, or insulator, which material is, however, loaded with an electrically conductive fiber, the peculiar nature of which is important, and such as hereinafter described.
Frequently used classes of insulators are plastics, elastomers such as rubber, ceramics, and cellulosic materials such as paper. In the prior art examples may be found where resinous or plastic materials are loaded with carbon or graphite granules in the form of either discrete particles or flakes, or metal, as steel wool, incorporated to impart primarily thermal conductivity to the base non-conductive matrix. Usually a great amount, such as 25% or more of such conducting material and taking this form, is required to produce heat conductivity of any reasonable significance to the base matrix. The patent to Myers, 2,951,817, is illustrative of such a prior art practice where approximately 50% of such materials is required to impart thermal conductivity. In such instances, however, the result of such overloading is to deleteriously aifect the plastic or other resinous base material by drastically weakening such inherent and desirable characteristics as the mechanical properties.
One of two effects is usually observed where particle granule or flake (metallic or graphite) loading is used. Where the non-conductive material is lightly loaded with such non-linear particles, less than 10% for example, the
3,406,126 Patented Oct. 15, 1968 resulting composite is an extremely poor conductor of electricity. The physical properties of the composite are thus substantially those of the non-conductive material. Furthermore, it is of essential importance that the loading with a conductive material, as in the instant invention, be at an absolute minimum for reasons briefly mentioned in the foregoing, yet that the desired result be attained: A high degree of electrical conductivity when and as desired. This is because overloading, even in amounts as low as 10%, results in a deleterious etfect upon the ultimate composite. As indicated, such may take the effect of altering the physical characteristics of the base material, plastic or otherwise, rendering it less resilient or deformable, or otherwise interfering with the physical and mechanical properties which are usually inherent in base material of this resinous nature. Furthermore, granular carbon or metallic particles, of undefined and random shapes, because of the very nature and configuration of such substances, are required in undesirable large amounts before appreciable electrical conductivity is achieved.
Thus, to achieve high conductivity, even thermal, it has heretofore been necessary to heavily load a non-conductive material with conducting metallic or granule particles, to the extent of 45% by weight or higher. Such use of a large quantity of conducting particles not only undesirably alters the physical properties of the base plastic as to result in the composite exhibiting structural Weaknesses, such as an excessive loss of tensile strength, but, also in addition to other undesirable effects, severe fabricating difficulties result.
The materials of the instant invention are subject to a wide and important variety of uses. When the base matrix is of plastic, and not overloaded with conducting material, as in the instant case, it is apparent that all of the desirable and inherent characteristics of such resinous materials is retained. Plastics are essentially low cost materials, easily shaped, molded or cast into intricate contours. Their high strength is conducive to many advantages over even light weight metals and their flexibility represents also an inherent advantage. With regard to all of these advantages, it is a basic concept of this invention that only a relatively minute quantity of the conductive loading material is required to obtain high electrical conductivity, and, thus, these various advantages common to any type of known plastic are retained for none of such inherent characteristics have been changed by inclusion in mere minor proportions of the fibrous, carbonized and conductive material used in the practice of this invention.
By rendering such resinous materials conductive without injury to the desirable attributes thereof, many uses may be found for the material of the invention: It is most suitable for use as conductive flooring or wall paneling where electrical heating is desired; it is ideal as a material for aircraft de-icer boots. With regard to discharging a buildup of static electricity, the material finds many adaptations in such aspects as conducting tires for wheels of vehicles in explosion hazard areas, or as equipment rollers for various types of machinery where static buildup may be a problem; and, similarly, the material is ideal for use as hosing utilized in the transfer of flammable liquids. Other applications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
In the practice of the instant invention, a so-called carbon yarn is utilized as the current conducting filler material. Carbon yarns are generally made by the pyrolysis of textile yarns, such as rayon or orlon, in an inert atmosphere. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the carbon content of the product, and consequently the greater will be the electrical conductivity. In the case of rayon, pyrolysis over C. does not increase the electrical conductivity. At about 2600 C., the carbon struco ture is partially converted to graphite. The following simplified grap is illustrative.
R e sistivity (ohms cm.)
l IOOOUC Pyrolysis Temperature (C) A carbon yarn may contain as many as 1400 filaments per ply, and two-ply yarns are most common. When the yarn, chopped into half-inch lengths is incorporated into a plastic matrix, even in concentrations of 1.0 percent by weight, the electrical conductivity of the composite is not changed significantly from that of the matrix plastic. If, however, the chopped yarn is so treated that the individual filaments are separated from each other, and this mass of fibers is then incorporated into a resin, it is found that even 0.05 percent of weight of the fibers in the resin has resulted in a composite having a resistance of only 11,000 ohms per square or a resistivity of 4.4 10 ohmcm. In any case, the resistivity, as in the practice of this invention, will be reduced to an amount no greater than 10 ohm-cm. This represents an increase in conductivity of at least orders of magnitude.
It is the peculiarity of the filler conducting material which is here utilized that permits loading of the base matrix in only a very minimal amount yet with the result that the material becomes electrically conductive to a very high degree, and as just indicated, to the extent of resistance amounting to only approximately 4.4 10 ohmscm. when only 0.05 percent by weight of this type of carbonized fiber or filament is incorporated in the matrix. In this regard, it is also significant to understand that these carbonized filaments are oriented in a definite fashion in the matrix, as illustrated in FIGURE 4, wherein each tiny filament may be seen to be straight or linear rather than curled or otherwise distorted. This is due to the inherent resiliency thereof, so that, when cut to the desired length before incorporation into the base material this inherent flexibility or resiliency causes each of the fibers to straighten out and take the configuration as shown in this figure. As the result one can form continuous paths more readily and with less loading of the base matrix, which is in particular contrast to loading of nonconductive materials such as contemplated by the prior art Where the conductive elements consist of mere granules, or flakes, or metallic pieces, non of which exhibit this elongated configuration characterized by the loading agent that is here utilized.
It is thus a primary objective of this invention to provide an electrical conducting means of the type characterized as a conducting plastic which avoids the limitations and disadvantages of prior art conductors of this type. In other words, and as indicated in the foregoing, the novel concept of the instant invention is fulfilled by the use of conducting fibers of unusually small size and configuration, hereinafter referred to as carbonized fibers resulting from the treatment by carbonization of rayon or orlon yarns, or synthetics of similar characteristics, as set forth in the foregoing. With a minimum of inclusion, these components result in the desired amount of electrical conductivity, whereas in complete contradistinction, and with regard to the prior art, the inclusion of mere carbon granules, metallics as steel wool, or other metals in this same minor amount will not appreciably, if at all, lend conductivity to the base matrix. In theory, the reason for this is that the type of filament with which this invention is concerned, is one of extreme length compared to its diameter measured in terms of less than one mil, this type of fiber being of substantially straight, and noncurved configuration, and thus able to contact others which are adjacent. A conducting path is thus readily formed through the plastic or other non-conducting type of base material.
It is another object of the invention to provide a new electrical conducting means wherein filamentary conducting means is distributed through a non-conducting material, the composite material having a resistivity of. less than 10 ohm-cm. and physical properties substantially similar to the physical properties of the non-conducting material.
It is yet another objective ofthe invention to provide a new and improved conducting plastic having low resistivity and physical properties which are substantially the same as the physical properties of the plastic material.
-A further object of the invention is to provide an electrical conducting means comprising a composite material formed from a non-conducting material that is loaded with straight, elongated carbonized fibers having a very great length to diameter ratio.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a conducting plastic comprising a mixture of a normally non-conducting plastic material and a certain type of plasticizer of the polar type having a resistivity of some orders of magnitude lower than the resistivity of the nonconducting material, but which increases the conductivity of the plastic mass at lower loading levels. In other words, additives of certain polar types exhibit conductive properties; these enhance conductivity at lower loadings by, in admixture with the base plastic, filling the intermolecular spaces in the latter.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide an electrical conducting means having low resistivity, said electrical conducting means being formed from a nonconducting material which has been but very lightly loaded with a filamentary material having high electrical conductivity, and comprising carbonized and single fibers or filaments of orlon, rayon, and like materials.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of making a composite electrical conducting material by including in the base resin a plurality of a certain type of carbonized filamentary electrical conductor, the latter thus being embedded in what otherwise is an insulating material. Y
It is a further objective of the invention to provide a method of making a composite electrical conducting material utilizing what is here termed a shear free mixing process.
In accordance with this invention, the electrical conducting means comprises a base matrix of plastic or other typically electrically non-conducting material having distributed through a relatively small proportion of electrically conducting filaments. These filaments comprise carbonized fibers taking the form of elongated, carbon filaments, extremely small in diameter, and having an extremely large length to diameter ratio. The fibers are preferably uniformly distributed in a somewhat random arrangement, but even with very low percentage inclusions in the manner here contemplated, contacting adjacent fibers form an efiicient electrical conductive path. They are incorporated in whatever non-conducting material may be chosen for the purpose, as plastic, before such resinous material is fabricated into the desired shape, such as by molding, extrusion or casting.
Also, in accordance with this invention, an electrical conducting means is provided which comprises a plastic, or other non-conducting base material, having an electrical conducting plasticizer distributed through the nonconducting material, this plasticizer being of a particular and chemically speaking, being highly polar as or slightly polar chemical comare resultant upon this yp contrasted with nonpounds. Its conducting abilities polar characteristic.
Further, in accordance with the invention, a method is provided for forming an electrical conducting means from essentially non-conducting materials which comprise very lightly loading, by means of a shear free process, a non-conducting material with carbonized filaments distributed throughout which are in and of themselves highly conductive, then mechanically shaping theabove described mixture into any desirable configuration, thereby forming an electrical conducting means.
It is a peculiarity of the procedure of this invention that the filaments are oriented throughout the base mate rial, but each filament is so embedded as a straight or linear fiber. By this is meant the phenomena occurring through the use of the identified type of carbonized filament having that inherent quality of elasticity which, when embedded in the soft plastic, causes same to return to its natural straight line or linear configuration, thus enabling assured contact with adjacent filaments and assuring also formation of an adequate conducting path.
The novel features that are considered characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims; the invention itself, however, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of a specific embodiment thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is an over-simplified perspective of a conducting plastic showing current conducting paths through a non-conducting material. The conducting paths are formed by the embedded carbonized fibers or filaments adjacent fibers being in contact;
FIGURE 2 is a section showing another construction of a conducting plastic embodying the principles of the present invention wherein the fibers are generally aligned in one direction, but not in the other, whereby the material exhibits conductivity in one direction, but not the other;
FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary view of a plastic polymer chain with a plasticizer of the polar type incorporated in the intermolecular interstices thereof, thereby increasing conductivity;
' FIGURE 4 is an enlarged cross section taken on the line 4-4 of FIGURE 1, illustrating what has been referred to in the foregoing: The orientation of these carbonized filaments in straight-line fashion, i.e., each filament is fixedly positioned as a straight, elongated particle, as distinguished from curled or bent or distorted as would be typical of such an inclusion as steel wool, or other metallic components;
FIGURE 5 is a photomicrograph of cut yarn showing bundles of filaments described on pages 4 and 5 at ten fold magnification; and
FIGURE 6 shows yarn but dispersed into individual filaments and embedded in a plastic matrix at three fold magnification as described on pages 4 and 5, and in accordance with this invention.
Referring to FIGURE 1 of the drawings there is represented therein an electrical conductor 10 comprising a block of insulating material 11, such as a plastic polyvinyl chloride or an epoxy resin for example, or ceramic. Distributed within and throughout the insulatingmaterial 11, in a random arrangement, are fibers 12 formed from an electrical conducting material, and here constituting carbonized, straight and linear conducting filaments.
A property of such carbonized filaments which makes them particularly suited for the application of this invention is the inherent quality of elastic recovery. So long as the fiber is not fractured when bent by an external force, it will tend to straighten itself. Excellent metal conductors such as copper, aluminum, and silver are extremely ductile and tend to bend permanently under a bending stress. Fibers of these ductile materials form crimped or helical structures which are not conducive to forming conducting paths.
For such reason, inclusion of Such materials is undesirable: Lacking elasticity, they assume curved, spherical or other shapes, rather than a straight line configuration, with the result that a continuous, conductive path is not assured. Also, to assure such path, they must be added in high percentage amounts, as or above, with the result that the inherent characteristics of the base plastic are destroyed, as hereinafter mentioned.
The electrical conductor 10 includes input and output means comprising lead wires 13 and 14 which are secured to the insulating material 11 by means of encapsulation, cement, or other suitable means.
There are shown in FIGURE 1, two apparently distinct groups of fibers. In practice, the fibers 12 are substantially uniform, although some variation in size will occur in their manufacture and handling. For example, fiber lengths may vary considerably depending on the type of material used.
It is preferred that the fibers fall within the range of A to inch in length. The type of carbonized fiber here found useful is generally about 10 microns diameter, or less than about /2 mil in thickness. The length to diameter ratio of the carbonized filament is exceedingly high. For example, for a 4 inch length of fiber the ratio will be about 640:1; for a inch length fiber, the ratio will be about 1920:1.
Percentage by weight inclusion of such carbonized fibers need not exceed 5% and may run as low as .05 It has been determined that even with as low a percentage as .05% by weight, electrical conductivity is high, for at that percentage inclusion conductivity, measured in terms of resistance, is still 11,000 ohms per square.
An important property of any electrical conductor is its resistivity. The resistivity is a figure of merit. The quality of an electrical conductor is inversely related to the resistivity of the electrical conductor.
As is well known, the resistivity is the inverse of the conductivity of an electrical conductor. Since the factors of resistivity and resistance are the more commonly used,
and, therefore more familiar, these parameters will be used in this discussion. 7
Referrin to FIGURE 1 once again, the heavy fiber llnes define four current paths 21, 22, 23 and 24, between lead wires 13 and 14. Each current path comprises a number of randomly distributed fibers. It is further assumed that these paths have been chosen at random and have no unusual characteristics. The straight fibers in the current paths 21 through 24 are in contact with each other or are separated by an extremely small gap comprising insulating material 11. The thickness of the gap contemplated is best described in terms of its electrical resistance. Where the gap length is such that the gap resistance is less than or the same order of magnitude as the resistance of the fibers, the gap becomes part of the resistance path and acts, in most respects, like the conducting fibers themselves.
It is noted that the total resistance between the lead wires 13 and 14 along any one of the paths 21 through 24 is the sum of the resistance of the fibers which make up the resistance path plus the resistance of length of plastic situated between adjacent fibers.
It is also quite obvious from FIGURE 1 that the resistance paths 21 through 24, with respect to the lead wires 13 and 14, represent parallel paths. While only four paths have been illustrated, it is clear that there are a great many within the body of the electrical conductor 10 since there are sutficient carbonized filaments within the electrical conductor 10 to assure a large number of contacts between adjacent fibers, especially when one considers the straight, linear configuration of such fibers.
7 Thus, the total resistance between the lead wires -13 and 14 is covered by the well-known relationship:
R R R R R R where R R etc. is the resistance of a path. Thus, if we have n identical paths each having a value of R the total resistance R is equal to R /n. Although R and n can be very large, their quotient may be very small, even less than one.
.The foregoing can be simply illustrated by means of a hypothetical situation based on the following assumptions:
(1) Fiber length 1 cm.
(2) The distance between electrical conductors 13 and 14 is 1 cm.
(3) Fiber diameter 10 microns.
(4) Fiber material carbonized filament. Applying the well-known equation:
the resistance of each fiber, for p=1000 10 ohm-centimeters, is equal to 1,000 ohms.
(5) Fiber to fiber contact. Even under conditions of random distributions of thes straight fibers, it is reasonable to assume that a conducting path of 1 cm. in length comprises ten such fibers. T herefore, the assumed resistance of a path 21 through 24 is 10,000 ohms.
A realistic number of parallel paths for an electrical conductor having the dimensions noted above will be in the order of a thousand. Thus, the total resistance between the lead wires 13 and 14 for this hypothetical condition will be ten ohms.
As a practical matter, the means by which electrical current will travel between the lead wires 13 and 14 comprises an extremely complex path of least resistance. It will by no means resemble the simplified construction described above. In all probability, jlldging from the observed results, it will comprise a larger number of series parallel combinations than illustrated due to the random orientation of conducting fibers. For example, it is reasonable to assume that filaments such as 26 in FIGURE 1, shown as a heavy dashed line, interconnect the resistance paths 21-24 intermediate the lead wires 13 and 14.
The above discussion is intended merely to illustrate in a general way a mechanism by which a known non-conducting body such as the insulating material 11 can be transformed into a conducting medium by lightly loading the insulating material 11 with conducting fibers of the particular type utilized in this invention.
By way of illustration and not by limitation, the following electrical conductors have been fabricated and tested. In all the examples below, fibers averaging microns in diameter and 3 millimeters in length were used. The fibers used were shorter than is considered optimum for developing a very low resistance conducting plastic for the fiber loadings specified.
Example 1 Polyester resin parts by weight 93.0 Benzoyl peroxide paste do 2.0 Carbonized fibers do 5.0 Resistivity ohm-cm 2.4
Example 2 Epoxy resin parts by Weight 98 Carbonized fibers do 2 Resistivity ohm-cm 25.9
Example 3 Polyvinyl chloride resin parts by weight 97.5 Carbonized fibers do 2.5 Resistivity ohm-cm 51.1
To this point, a random distribution of fibers was -as sumed. In many applicationsit may be desirable to fabricate an electrical conductor embodying the principles of the present invention which has low resistivity (a high con ductivity) in a specific direction while maintaining the insulation property of thenon-conducting material in another: direction. In. this-connection, attention is directed to FIGURE 2 which shows a cross section of a conducting plastic-10in which fibers 12' are incorporated in the insulating material 11' v in an oriented fashion, more specifically, in a substantially parallel relationship. Here, viewing this figure, the primary current flow will be in a horizontal direction with little or no current flow in a vertical direction. Under these conditions 'the'resistance between conductors 13 and 14' will be substantially lower. than the resistance in a transverse direction.
The distribution of fibers shown in FIGURES 1 and v2 represents two extremes. A novel result arising from the incorporation of fibers in a non-conducting material to form an electrical conductor is thatthe character of the electrical conductor 10 can be made to any desired characteristic by varying the orientation of the fibers and their quantity. An illustration would be a number of separate and distinct electrical cond-uctors in a single physical block where each of the conductors is separated by a substantial layer of insulating material.
It will also be noted that the percentages of conducting material in proportion to the quantity of insulatin'gmaterial is extremely small due to the use of fiber conductors incorporated in the insulating material. The physicalp roperties of the insulating material are thus not impaired to any measurable extent. A typical construction is an electrical conductor in the form of a ribbon. If the insulating material is inherently flexible, the ribbon will exhibit flexible properties. Additionally, if the insulating ma terial resists attack by chemical action, the conducting element fabricated therefrom will resist chemical attack.
The foregoing discussion was directed to loading nonconducting materials with electrical conducting filaments, such as carbonized fibers. Also, the conductivity of the plastic may be enhanced by including a plasticizer which is a poor insulator-a better conductor-than the non- V conducting material. Many plasticizers have a high polar moment, and thus, generally contain impurities such as dissolved inorganic materials. Many of these impurities are electric conductors and when incorporated in the plasticizer they lower resistivity. v I 7 Such .a plasticizer distributes itself between the plastic polymer chains. Again, referring to FIGURE 3 of the drawings, a random arrangement of polymer chains. 30 is depicted in a fragmentary representation.
The numbers 31 represent molecules of a plasticizer. While not apparent from FIGURE 3, the polymer chains 30 are not in contact but are spaced, on a sub-microscopic scale. When the space separating the polymer chains 30 are filled with a plasticizer 31, there are created a large number of electrically interconnected series of parallel conductors.
Where' the matrix contains less than 1% of the described carbonized filaments, then anywhere from about 10% to about 25% of an organic polar plasticizer is included in the base material. Such, depending upon the particular materials used as the matrix, will further lower the resistivity of the base non-conducting material at least as much as 20% to as much as 500%.
The following examples illustrate that the resistivity of non-conducting materials can be further reduced by several orders of magnitude by the incorporation of a suitable plasticizer of the polar type:
Resistivity ohm-cm 10.4
The foregoing Example 4 should be compared with Example 2, since in each instance a 2% inclusion of the carbonized fibers is utilized, Example 2 not including the use of the polar plasticizing and Example 4 exhibiting-incorporation of orthonitroanisole to the extent of nine parts by weight. In that Example 2 results in resistivity of 25.9 ohm-cm. and Example 4 results in 10.4 ohm-cm. resistivity, it is clear that the conductance, as per Example 4, has been increased approximately two and one half times. This, of course, is due to the conductive nature of the identified polar compound and its presence, in the intermolecular spacings of the non-conductive epoxy resin.
The following example is further illustrative of the determined fact that in instances of extremely small loading with the carbonized filaments, as a loading of .05 by weight, the effect of inclusion of orthonitroanisole or other known organic polar compounds, is even greater.
Example 5 Epoxy resin grams 79.5 Orthonitroanisole -do 20.0 Carbonized fibers do 0.5 Resistivity ohm-cm 129.9
Example 6 Epoxy 'resin -grams- 99.5 Carbonized fibers do 0.5 Resistivity "a ohm-cm 518.4
As shown in the last examples, 5 and 6, the loading is. only 0.5% yet the reduction in resistivity due to the addition of the named polar compound is 389 ohmcm., indicating a four fold increased conductivity over that obtained in Example 6.
When a polar material is added to a non-conductor a plastic for example, having a resistivity of 10+ ohm-cm. in the proportion of polar material, by weight, the composite resistivity is about 10''. This indicates that the polar material has a resistivity of at least 10 Therefore, one would expect to find that a polar material would not reduce the resistivity of a material having a resistivity of several hundred ohm-cm.
Examples 5 and 6 demonstrate that the unexpected occurs. These examples also indicate that the combination produces a synergistic effect.
In general, the percentage by Weight of the included polar compound will be from about 1% to about 20%, with consequent further reduction in resistivity of at least 20%.
As contemplated by this invention, the light filament loading (here between the range of .05% to 5% by weight) will vary with the type of filaments used, the resistivity of the filaments, the presence or absence of a semi-conductive plasticizer, and the size and distribution of the carbonized filaments used which result from the mixing process. However, with a known starting fiber length and with a specific mixing process, electrical and physical properties were found to be reproducible and reliably so. The desired amount of loading must therefore, of necessity, be defined in physical and electrical terms with adequate consideration being given to the objectives of the invention, viz, to provide an electrical conducting means characterized by a resistivity materially less than the resistivity of the matrix material and having physical properties such as flexibility, texture, strength and color substantially similar physical properties of the matrix material, all due to the novel concept of this invention that high conductivity can be imparted to insulating materials by use of only minimal quantities of an incorporated and appropriate conductive filament. In short, the electrical conducting means should have physical properties similar to those of the matrix material so that the electrical conducting means can be used in applications where the matrix material alone is used. An example of this is the use of filaments in polyvinyl chloride for providing an electrically conducting floor tile.
Another important consideration in fabricating electrical conducting materials of the type being discussed relates to the method of incorporating the fibers in the matrix materials. Experience has demonstrated that machinery and techniques commonly used to mix paints and plastic ingredients have a deleterious effect on the fibers and do not result in a suitable electrical conducting medium. The machinery alluded to above is of the type characterized as imparting a high shear stress on the materials being mixed. In the process of using the high shear apparatus to thoroughly mix the plastic ingredients, the fibers, particularly the graphite fibers, are materially reduced in length. Typical of high shear machinery are the following: rubber mill, three roll paint mill, and a calendering mixer.
Accordingly, in accordance with this invention, the fibers are mixed with the matrix materials in mixing machines which impart little or no shear stress. Typical of these kinds of machinery are the following: pebble mill and hand or mechanical stirring, the latter preferably of the low velocity type.
A simple low-speed rotating blade having relatively dull edges was found to be highly suitable in liquid systems. Where it is desired to mix the carbonized fibers with a powdered matrix material such as polyvinyl chloride, a pebble mill may be used.
It is the peculiar attribute of these carbonized fibers which exhibit a straight line or linear configuration that permits attainment of a very high degree of electrical conductivity in a normally insulative material with only a percentage by weight inclusion which preferably does not exceed 5% and which in many instances need only be of the order of .05 This extremely low amount of the conducting'material results in the greatest practical advantage-that whatever non-conductor matrix be used, resin, porcelain, or otherwise, the physical nature thereof is not substantially affected so that, particularly in the case of plastic base materials, the same, when rendered conductive by this treatment, being still adaptable to any and all of the uses and methods of manufacture heretofore known to the art.
As mentioned in the foregoing, it has been found that certain highly polar compounds, when added to the carbon fillerplastic composite, for example at a 0.05% level, will enhance the electrical conductivity of the composite. This enhancement is observed only at the lower loadings of carbon fibers. One such polar organic compound is orthonitroanisole. The following graph is illustrative:
Resistivity (ohm cm) 7; Loading of Carbonized Filaments This incorporation of such component, as heretobefore mentioned, is shown in FIGURE 3. It is, of course, to be understood that this addition of the specifically mentioned orthonitroanisole is to enhance or multiply the effect of the desired amount of carbonized filaments introduced,
a matrix is not substantially increased. Actual tests were made of a polyvinyl chloride resinous base material containing the maximum of carbonized filaments. This test piece was square, having a thickness of .498 inch and a weight of 151.2 grams. At a temperature of 250 F. the k or thermal conductivity was measured to be 0.135, which represents but an insignificant increase in thermal conductivity over that of the same resinous base material not containing any carbonized and electrically conducting fibers. The measure of conductivity, or k of 0.139 represents, of course, a measurement of B.t.u.s per hour, per feet squared, per degree Fahrenheit per foot.
The various features and advantages of the invention are thought to be clear from the foregoing description. Various other features and advantages not specifically enumerated will undoubtedly occur to those versed in the art, as likewise will many variations and modifications of the preferred embodiment illustrated, all of which may be achieved without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
I claim:
1. A non-conductor material having a DC resistivity in excess of ohm-cm. at 25 C. and consisting essentially of a 'moldable synthetic resin composite, means in said composite rendering said material electrically conductive, said means comprising individual, separate carbon yarn filaments of straight, linear configuration and distributed at random throughout said composite, a substantial proportion of said filaments being in contacting relationship, said filaments being present in said matrix in an amount of about .05 to 5% by weight, said filaments having a high length to diameter ratio and being from about A inch to %1 inch in length and less than one mil in diameter, and being sufficiently elastic to return to straight, linear configuration when distorted, whereby said moldable composite is rendered electrically 12 conductive in any direction to the extent of resistivity no greater than about 10 ohm-cm.
2. The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said composite contains less than 1% of said filaments and from about 10% to about 20% of an organic polar plasticizer disposed intermolecularly in said material Whereby said resistivity of said matrix is decreased at least 20% from the resistivity of said filament containing matrix not containing said polar compound.
3. The composition as defined in claim 2 wherein said polar plasticizer is orthonitroanisole.
4. The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said filaments are the carbonized product of a synthetic resin which has been subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature of from about 1000 C. to 2600 C.
5. The composition as defined in claim l wherein said length to diameter ratio of said filaments is from about 640:1 to about 1920:1.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,796,331 6/1957 Kanffman et al. 252502 3,011,981 12/1961 Soltes 252502 2,901,455 8/1959 Jurras 260-40 2,951,817 9/1960 Myers 252511 2,956,039 10/1960 Novak et al. 26040 2,293,839 8/1942 Linder 343--18 3,265,557 8/1966 DeFries et al. 162-438 OTHER REFERENCES Chemical and Engineering News, volume 37, page 56, Nov. 30, 1959.
V LEON D. ROSDOL, Primary Examiner.
J. D. WELSH, Assistant Examiner.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Powerful Florentine Noblewoman and poisoner Lucrezia Borgia
( 1480 – 1519)
In Pen & Waterbased Pencil
Angel on devil? :)) Excellent your interpretations John!
Thank you again Doreen. I was reluctant to post this one but I'm glad you loved it. :))
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )
Thank you for your comment! : ))
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )
Great job!
Thank you for the appreciation! Cheers JD : ))
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )
Love your art, this is one of my favs of yours,xxxSandy
You are always filled with kind words Sandy! You are much appreciated! :))
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )
This painting has balance between spirit and harmony in natures. I think you captured its essence rather than the subject, as always I love your work, definite fav!! :))
Thank you Ming. This is exactly what I tried to convey in my picture. You're a mind reader! Lol
>>> Have you notice the UFO again?
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )
ah,oopppss I'm bad ;p NOW I realized I missed it. What's with you with UFO ;)))))). You probably think they were here BEFORE the Dinosaurs, just teasing you again ;D
Gorgeous work!
Thank you Gothic! : Cheers JD :)))
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )
nize eye tal lie on gal-butt nevah eat with her john-shez got a trickster ring you won,t want nice one, but- thats u !very nice man hugz
Hi Walt, I think a romantic dinner with Lucrezia Borgia would inevitably be your last. How are you anyway my friend?
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )
absolutely stunning!!! how i wish i could create such wonders as you with my hands, instead of a camera
Your work is very impressive. Don't be perturbed by this.
– John Dicandia ( JinnDoW )


text:
Did you know that worms will eat your food scraps and turn them into compost? Come learn all about worms, and how to take care of them as pets. Free red wiggler worms and a container for them to live in will be given away to participants who bring an adult to help care for the worms. For ages 6 and up.Weather permitting, we will be outside for this event.
Meet a friend at the library for free activities and fun.
IMAGINUITY celebrates your inner engineer with free science programming for youth at every SFPL library in the month of November.
Upcoming Events
- Lego Free Play
- Monday, November 24, 2014Visitacion Valley, Visitacion Valley Meeting Room
- Exploratorium Stem Storytime
- Tuesday, November 25, 2014Ortega, Ortega Meeting Room
- Lego Free Play
- Wednesday, November 26, 2014Portola, Portola Meeting Room


text:
I don't know Ric, did you try asking Google?
It chucked down all through the Epsom 10 too, ankle deep puddles too. I felt pretty decent at halfway in 30:35, most of which is uphill, running nicely with a couple of other guys. Usually I'd expect to get back inside 60 from there on that course, but at around 6.5 the two I was with pulled away and I had nothing to respond with. A lack of long runs in my legs told in the end and I splashed home In 61:05 or so.
Presumably that's why they used the instrumental version as the Top of the Pops theme in the 70s. They were worried that the show might appear to be degrading women.
According to the event website (http://www.iau-ultramarathon.org/) there's live streaming of the race. Who's up for a 6 hour marigold watch?
PP - I'll see your 'not having followed a published schedule since 2007' and raise you with 'not having even read any published schedule, ever'.
Mind you, all the schedules in the world wouldn't have stopped me running my first few marathons like a numpty.
Visit the official Runner's World page
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text:
Glee chasing Scream Queens »
Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan created "Scream Queens"Read more...
Little Mermaid creators reunite on Moana »
Disney has a new animation in the works.Read more...
Two Pacific Rim sequels in the works »
Del Toro hopes to capture enough footage for two more movies
Trailer : In the Heart of the Sea »
Chris Hemsworth stars in the pic that is based on Nathaniel Philbrick's book
Netflix and Leo DiCapio teaming up for gorilla doco! »
DiCaprio will exec produce the film which will be released on November 7 in cinemas in Los Angeles and New York
Jena Malone, the Boy Wonder? »
"Catching Fire" actress has joined the cast of "Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice"
Now Marley & Me is a TV series!? »
Director David Frankel and writer Jenny Bicks are developing the half-hour TV version
Lena Dunham brings Birdy to screen »
"Girls" star is set to adapt Karen Cushman's YA period novel "Catherine: Called Birdy"
Trailer : Citizen Four »
I mean, I guess being a real-life story we already know a lot of what happens, but the trailer really is a teaser if ever I've seen one
Jennifer Jason Leigh to lead Tarantino's Eight!? »
Should Leigh get the part, she will join co-stars Kurt Russell, Samuel L. Jackson, Tim Roth and Michael Madsen
Suits turn to Liars »
New casting for the hit series, which will air the second half of it's fourth season in 2015
Teaser Trailer : Tomorrowland »
While the film doesn't bow until May 22 next year, you can catch a glimpse today!
Things will remain Awkward at MTV »
The series, about a group of suburban teenagers, is leased for a fifth season
Red Band Trailer : Dear White People »
Tyler James Williams, Tessa Thompson, Kyle Gallner, Teyonah Parris, Brandon P. Bell, Malcolm Barrett, Brittany Curran, Marque Richardson and Dennis Haysbert star
Bryan Cranston is The Infiltrator! »
Based on Robert Mazur's autobiography, the film kicks off in January
A paranoid thriller starring Steve Carell!? Yes, please! »
"Pirates of the Caribbean" director Gore Verbinski directing funnyman turned serious actor
The Dead to continue walking into a sixth season »
In a not-so-shocking move, AMC has renewed its hit show "The Walking Dead" for a sixth season.
Fancy an early Vacation? »
Originally slated for November 13, 2015, the film will now bow on October 9.
Trailer for final season of The Newsroom »
The third and final season of the Emmy-award winning drama from creator Aaron Sorkin will air on HBO on November 9.
Trailer : Home Sweet Hell »
A red band trailer for Katherine Heigl and Patrick Wilson starrer has hit the web
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"Preserving the past for the future"
Who Are We?
The York Pioneer and Historical Society is the oldest historical society in Ontario. Since 1869, the York Pioneers have worked to fulfill the founders' goal of "preserving the past for the future". We own and operate Scadding Cabin, Toronto's oldest house, now on the grounds of Exhibition Place; we hold a spring dinner and a fall bus tour; we publish and launch an annual journal of history articles (included with your membership). For more information about our long history, see the About Us page.
Events (17.11.2014)
From time to time, the York Pioneer and Historical Society promotes events offered by organizations that are members of the Society. The Town of York Historical Society presents John G. Geiger's lecture on the Franklin Expedtion. For more information check out the Events page.
Publications (22.09.2014)
Our new Autumn 2014 edition of The Update is now available. Find out more in the Newsletter section.
How do you build a log cabin? (02.09.2014)
This 29 minute video shows workers in Finland using tools and techniques that would have been familiar to the team who assembled the Scadding cabin in the 1790s. In the 18th and early 19th century, it was common for neighbours to raise a cabin in three to four days. Click Here
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How to Knit a Hat: 7 Cozy Free Knit Hat Patterns
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Wrapped Stitches Baby Hat
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This beautiful Wrapped Stitches Baby hat makes the perfect baby shower gift. The gorgeous snow white color is also a great choice for keeping baby warm before his baptism or christening. The easy knitting pattern for this adorable knit baby hat has it all. The pattern offers sizes ranging from preemie all the way up to toddler. If you're not familiar with wrapping stitches, a picture tutorial is also included in this free pattern. Knit baby hats like the Wrapped Stitches Baby Hat are too sweet not to knit.
Knitting Needle Size: 6 or 4 mm, Circular Knitting Needles, Double-Pointed Knitting Needles (DPNs)
Yarn Weight: (3) Light/DK (21-24 stitches to 4 inches)
Find more free patterns from Heather Tucker on her profile page.
For even more sweet baby hats, be sure to check out 14 Adorable Knit Baby Hats!
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|By Pat Romanski
Article Rating:
|February 24, 2014 09:45 AM EST
Cloud Expo® New York Early Bird Savings here!
Fueled by the global economic situation, the government's focus on datacenter consolidation and the "Cloud First" initiative, Cloud Computing continues to be the buzzword of the year. As government agencies start to adopt cloud computing, additional challenges including security in the cloud have become prominent barriers to adoption.
In his session at 14th Cloud Expo, Majed Saadi, Director of the Cloud Computing Practice at SRA International, will focus on providing a quick Cloud Computing technology update with an emphasis on current Cloud Computing security trends and drivers. Examples of these trends include: the utilization and evaluation of Clouds in both active and passive surveillance systems and the use of High Performance Clouds for expanding scientist ability to access data. He will also introduces best practices and lessons learned for securing both public and private cloud environments. It offers insight into how Cloud Computing coupled with other technical advancements in mobility and security are changing government IT organizations and provides general guidance and best practices for developing practical and pragmatic cloud strategies.
Explore Cloud Expo® Sponsorship & Exhibit Opportunities !
Speaker Bio:
Majed Saadi is the Director of the Cloud Computing Practice at SRA International. His practice encompasses service areas from Cloud Strategy Development to Cloud Management and all areas in between Cloud Readiness, Cloud Engineering, and Cloud Modernization. He has served as a thought leader at many Federal Systems Integrators and he has over 16 years of experience in the areas of IT Strategy Development, Enterprise Architecture, and Enterprise Systems Management. Majed holds a master's degree in IT Management from UVA and several industry certifications including TOGAF 9, ITIL Expert, ISO 20000 Certified Consultant, and Management of Risk (MoR) Certified.
A Rock Star Faculty, Top Keynotes, Sessions, and Top Delegates!
Cloud Expo® 2014 New York, June 10-12, at the Javits Center in New York City, New York, will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading Cloud industry players in the world.
The growth and success of Cloud Computing will be on display at the upcoming Cloud Expo® conference and exhibition in New York City, New York, June 10-12, 2014.
All main layers of the Cloud ecosystem will be represented at the 14th International Cloud Expo® - the infrastructure players, the platform providers, and those offering applications, and they'll all be here to speak, sponsor, exhibit and network.
Sponsorship Opportunities
for Cloud Expo® 2014 New York
Cloud Expo® 2014 New York "show prospectus" has shipped. Sponsorship, exhibit, and keynote opportunities can be obtained from Carmen Gonzalez by email at events (at) sys-con.com, or by phone 201 802-3021.
Early Bird Registration Options
for Cloud Expo® 2014 New York
Cloud Expo® delegates can pre-register for Cloud Expo® New York with Early Bird Savings here.
About SYS-CON Media & Events
SYS-CON Media (www.sys-con.com) has since 1994 been connecting technology companies and customers through a comprehensive content stream at www.sys-con.com - featuring over forty focused subject areas, from Cloud Computing to Web Security - interwoven with market-leading full-scale conferences produced by SYS-CON Events. The company's internationally recognized brands include among others Cloud Expo® (www.CloudComputingExpo.com), Big Data Expo (http://BigDataExpo.net), Virtualization Conference & Expo (www.VirtualizationConference.com), DevOps Summit (http:://DevOpsSummit.sys-con.com), WebRTC Summit (http://WebRTCSummit.net), Government IT Conference & Expo (www.GovITExpo.com), Cloud Computing Bootcamp (www.CloudComputingBootcamp.com), and UlitzerLive! New Media Conference & Expo (http://events.sys-con.com).
Cloud Expo® is a registered trademark of Cloud Expo, Inc.
"There is a natural synchronization between the business models, the IoT is there to support ," explained Brendan O'Brien, Co-founder and Chief Architect of Aria Systems, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at the 15th International Cloud Expo®, held Nov 4–6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Nov. 23, 2014 12:00 PM EST Reads: 1,554
The major cloud platforms defy a simple, side-by-side analysis. Each of the major IaaS public-cloud platforms offers their own unique strengths and functionality. Options for on-site private cloud are diverse as well, and must be designed and deployed while taking existing legacy architecture and infrastructure into account. Then the reality is that most enterprises are embarking on a hybrid cloud strategy and programs. In this Power Panel at 15th Cloud Expo (http://www.CloudComputingExpo.com), moderated by Ashar Baig, Research Director, Cloud, at Gigaom Research, Nate Gordon, Director of T...
Nov. 23, 2014 07:45 AM EST Reads: 1,405
The definition of IoT is not new, in fact it's been around for over a decade. What has changed is the public's awareness that the technology we use on a daily basis has caught up on the vision of an always on, always connected world. If you look into the details of what comprises the IoT, you'll see that it includes everything from cloud computing, Big Data analytics, "Things," Web communication, applications, network, storage, etc. It is essentially including everything connected online from hardware to software, or as we like to say, it's an Internet of many different things. The difference ...
Nov. 22, 2014 10:00 PM EST Reads: 1,231
Cloud Expo 2014 TV commercials will feature @ThingsExpo, which was launched in June, 2014 at New York City's Javits Center as the largest 'Internet of Things' event in the world.
Nov. 22, 2014 05:30 PM EST Reads: 1,376
An entirely new security model is needed for the Internet of Things, or is it? Can we save some old and tested controls for this new and different environment? In his session at @ThingsExpo, New York's at the Javits Center, Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, reviewed hands-on lessons with IoT devices and reveal a new risk balance you might not expect. Davi Ottenheimer, EMC Senior Director of Trust, has more than nineteen years' experience managing global security operations and assessments, including a decade of leading incident response and digital forensics. He is co-author of t...
Nov. 22, 2014 05:30 PM EST Reads: 1,216
ARMONK, N.Y., Nov. 20, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced that it is bringing a greater level of control, security and flexibility to cloud-based application development and delivery with a single-tenant version of Bluemix, IBM's platform-as-a-service. The new platform enables developers to build ap...
Nov. 22, 2014 05:30 PM EST Reads: 1,419
Explosive growth in connected devices. Enormous amounts of data for collection and analysis. Critical use of data for split-second decision making and actionable information. All three are factors in making the Internet of Things a reality. Yet, any one factor would have an IT organization pondering its infrastructure strategy. How should your organization enhance its IT framework to enable an Internet of Things implementation? In his session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, James Kirkland, Chief Architect for the Internet of Things and Intelligent Systems at Red Hat, described how to revolutioniz...
Nov. 21, 2014 09:15 PM EST Reads: 1,307
The security devil is always in the details of the attack: the ones you've endured, the ones you prepare yourself to fend off, and the ones that, you fear, will catch you completely unaware and defenseless. The Internet of Things (IoT) is nothing if not an endless proliferation of details. It's the vision of a world in which continuous Internet connectivity and addressability is embedded into a growing range of human artifacts, into the natural world, and even into our smartphones, appliances, and physical persons. In the IoT vision, every new "thing" - sensor, actuator, data source, data con...
Nov. 21, 2014 08:00 PM EST Reads: 1,326
Technology is enabling a new approach to collecting and using data. This approach, commonly referred to as the "Internet of Things" (IoT), enables businesses to use real-time data from all sorts of things including machines, devices and sensors to make better decisions, improve customer service, and lower the risk in the creation of new revenue opportunities. In his General Session at Internet of @ThingsExpo, Dave Wagstaff, Vice President and Chief Architect at BSQUARE Corporation, discuss the real benefits to focus on, how to understand the requirements of a successful solution, the flow of ...
Nov. 21, 2014 08:00 PM EST Reads: 1,387
"BSQUARE is in the business of selling software solutions for smart connected devices. It's obvious that IoT has moved from being a technology to being a fundamental part of business, and in the last 18 months people have said let's figure out how to do it and let's put some focus on it, " explained Dave Wagstaff, VP & Chief Architect, at BSQUARE Corporation, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held Nov 4-6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Nov. 21, 2014 07:00 PM EST Reads: 1,249
Focused on this fast-growing market's needs, Vitesse Semiconductor Corporation (Nasdaq: VTSS), a leading provider of IC solutions to advance "Ethernet Everywhere" in Carrier, Enterprise and Internet of Things (IoT) networks, introduced its IStaX™ software (VSC6815SDK), a robust protocol stack to simplify deployment and management of Industrial-IoT network applications such as Industrial Ethernet switching, surveillance, video distribution, LCD signage, intelligent sensors, and metering equipment. Leveraging technologies proven in the Carrier and Enterprise markets, IStaX is designed to work ac...
Nov. 20, 2014 09:15 PM EST Reads: 1,343
C-Labs LLC, a leading provider of remote and mobile access for the Internet of Things (IoT), announced the appointment of John Traynor to the position of chief operating officer. Previously a strategic advisor to the firm, Mr. Traynor will now oversee sales, marketing, finance, and operations. Mr. Traynor is based out of the C-Labs office in Redmond, Washington. He reports to Chris Muench, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Traynor brings valuable business leadership and technology industry expertise to C-Labs. With over 30 years' experience in the high-tech sector, John Traynor has held numerous...
Nov. 20, 2014 06:00 PM EST Reads: 1,293
Bit6 today issued a challenge to the technology community implementing Web Real Time Communication (WebRTC). To leap beyond WebRTC's significant limitations and fully leverage its underlying value to accelerate innovation, application developers need to consider the entire communications ecosystem.
Nov. 20, 2014 04:45 PM EST Reads: 1,077
The 3rd International @ThingsExpo, co-located with the 16th International Cloud Expo - to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY - announces that it is now accepting Keynote Proposals. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most profound change in personal and enterprise IT since the creation of the Worldwide Web more than 20 years ago. All major researchers estimate there will be tens of billions devices - computers, smartphones, tablets, and sensors - connected to the Internet by 2020. This number will continue to grow at a rapid pace for the next several decades.
Nov. 20, 2014 01:00 PM EST Reads: 1,541
The Internet of Things is not new. Historically, smart businesses have used its basic concept of leveraging data to drive better decision making and have capitalized on those insights to realize additional revenue opportunities. So, what has changed to make the Internet of Things one of the hottest topics in tech? In his session at @ThingsExpo, Chris Gray, Director, Embedded and Internet of Things, discussed the underlying factors that are driving the economics of intelligent systems. Discover how hardware commoditization, the ubiquitous nature of connectivity, and the emergence of Big Data a...
Nov. 20, 2014 12:30 PM EST Reads: 1,770
Almost everyone sees the potential of Internet of Things but how can businesses truly unlock that potential. The key will be in the ability to discover business insight in the midst of an ocean of Big Data generated from billions of embedded devices via Systems of Discover. Businesses will also need to ensure that they can sustain that insight by leveraging the cloud for global reach, scale and elasticity.
Nov. 18, 2014 09:00 PM EST Reads: 2,002
SYS-CON Events announced today that Windstream, a leading provider of advanced network and cloud communications, has been named "Silver Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9–11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York, NY. Windstream (Nasdaq: WIN), a FORTUNE 500 and S&P 500 company, is a leading provider of advanced network communications, including cloud computing and managed services, to businesses nationwide. The company also offers broadband, phone and digital TV services to consumers primarily in rural areas.
Nov. 18, 2014 08:15 PM EST Reads: 1,581
SYS-CON Events announced today that IDenticard will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. IDenticard™ is the security division of Brady Corp (NYSE: BRC), a $1.5 billion manufacturer of identification products. We have small-company values with the strength and stability of a major corporation. IDenticard offers local sales, support and service to our customers across the United States and Canada. Our partner network encompasses some 300 of the world's leading systems integrators and security s...
Nov. 18, 2014 08:15 PM EST Reads: 1,530
IoT is still a vague buzzword for many people. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Mike Kavis, Vice President & Principal Cloud Architect at Cloud Technology Partners, discussed the business value of IoT that goes far beyond the general public's perception that IoT is all about wearables and home consumer services. He also discussed how IoT is perceived by investors and how venture capitalist access this space. Other topics discussed were barriers to success, what is new, what is old, and what the future may hold. Mike Kavis is Vice President & Principal Cloud Architect at Cloud Technology Pa...
Nov. 18, 2014 01:30 PM EST Reads: 1,994
Cloud Expo 2014 TV commercials will feature @ThingsExpo, which was launched in June, 2014 at New York City's Javits Center as the largest 'Internet of Things' event in the world. The next @ThingsExpo will take place November 4-6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, in Santa Clara, California. Since its launch in 2008, Cloud Expo TV commercials have been aired and CNBC, Fox News Network, and Bloomberg TV. Please enjoy our 2014 commercial.
Nov. 13, 2014 05:00 AM EST Reads: 3,536


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Archive for 'antisemitism'
Opening night of Klinghoffer faces protests and disruption
I've got a lot of sympathy for those who are protesting in New York because they consider The Death of Klinghoffer to be an opera which distorts politics and history, and find its depiction of Leon Klinghoffer exploitative. People should of course be free to express such views about the Met's production. Here's Rudy Giuliani:
"The Met, [...]
Posted: October 21st, 2014 under Freedom of Expression, antisemitism.
Student Politics: a round up
Some news and updates on three recent stories concerning student politics.
First, that post from a few days ago about the NUS's refusal to endorse a motion condemning ISIS. Richard Seymour insists that this story has been misrepresented. He opens his piece:
Look. If pressed, and if it will help anyone sleep better at night, I will [...]
Posted: October 18th, 2014 under 'Islamic State', The Left, antisemitism.
Who'd have guessed?
Participants in the recent Tehran "anti-Zionist" conference were shocked– shocked!– to find extremism and antisemitism going on.
Update: In case anyone is unfamiliar with the original:
Posted: October 6th, 2014 under Iran, antisemitism.
Guess who turned up for "anti-Zionist" conference in Tehran?
Israel-haters, conspiracy theorists and Holocaust deniers have concluded a three-day conference in Tehran aimed at exposing Zionist control of– well, just about everything.
Among the reported attendees who may be familiar to Harry's Place readers:
–9/11 truther Wayne Madsen.
–Anglican vicar Stephen Sizer.
–All-around nutjob Kevin Barrett.
–Nuttierjob Ken O'Keefe.
–Antisemitic French "comedian" Dieudonne M'Bala M'Bala.
Medea Benjamin of the cringe-inducing American [...]
Posted: October 2nd, 2014 under Iran, antisemitism.
Competing accounts of Amira Hass's departure from Birzeit
According to this report, the journalist Amira Hass was kicked out of a conference at Birzeit University, near Ramallah, because she is a Jewish Israeli. (Had she been a Palestinian citizen of Israel, it is claimed, this would not have happened.)
"When I registered at the entrance of the conference I wrote next to my name [...]
Posted: September 28th, 2014 under antisemitism.
Labour PPC suspended over Israel tweets
Although Labour MP Michael Connarty seems (so far) to have got away with his bizarre and offensive comments about 'Israeli spies', another Labour politician has been penalised for describing Israel as 'evil' and Hitler as the 'Zionist God'. She even suggested that ISIS should attack Israel.
One post on Kirby's Twitter account read: "We invented Israel [...]
Posted: September 21st, 2014 under Labour Party, antisemitism.
Fringe candidate in Kentucky runs on slogan: "With Jews We Lose"
I'd be shocked if the antisemitic white supremacist Robert Ransdell– running as a write-in candidate for the US Senate from Kentucky– gets more than half a percent of the vote.
What's more disturbing is that his noxious campaign signs are popping up in northern Kentucky, and he has plans to post hundreds more throughout the state.
Unlike [...]
Posted: September 18th, 2014 under Racism, Stateside, antisemitism.
Hatreds old and New: Jonathan Freedland and Mehdi Hasan
Much of last night's discussion sought to bring out symmetries between the two hatreds under discussion, anti-Muslim bigotry and antisemitism. Freedland and Hasan both presented themselves as critical friends of their communities, raising the difficult questions some would rather not tackle, while still remaining insiders. There are certainly parallels between the abusive comments and charges [...]
Posted: September 16th, 2014 under Anti Muslim Bigotry, antisemitism.
Bizarre George Galloway gamble backfires for unionists
Last night the BBC carried a major debate on the referendum from Glasgow – with the audience specifically Scotland's youngest voters. Both 'Yes' and 'No' were allowed to nominate two people for the debate.
The SNP and Green party represented the Yes campaign. The 'No' ( Better Together) chose the leader of the Scottish Conservative [...]
Posted: September 12th, 2014 under Anti-imperialism, Britain Today, Communists, Galloway, antisemitism.
"Poem" on Stopper website quotes antisemite on Joan Rivers
My feelings about the late comedian Joan Rivers were decidedly mixed, and what she told an ignorant interviewer at an airport last month about the deaths of civilians in the recent Gaza war was awful (although she later said she was talking about Hamas). But that doesn't make this "poem" by Heathcote Williams at the [...]
Posted: September 10th, 2014 under Stoppers, antisemitism.


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Collection of photos from my fun time of living in MidTown.. Manhattan. An experience I will never forget.
Photos of old photos with a Nikon 7600
Featured ~ Compact Group 7-09-2011
LOVE IT!!! You do the neatest vintage collages Carmen
ThanK you Meg. I am just getting on for the night…late for me.
Thanks so much for the wonderful complimment. My memories of living in the Big Apple are like a fairy tale.
– Carmen Holly
beautiful images,,, love how you have set these up,,, well done
Thank You so much. I had fun creating it..I can still feel the air of those streets & hear the sounds.
– Carmen Holly
I recognized this from WS Carmen, and loved it then. This is CERTAINLY worth a fave, and illustrates your ingenuity superbly. Hugs, Ron.
Hi Ron, thank you so much for the Fav. & the wonderful compliment! Hugz, Carmen
– Carmen Holly
Wonderful collage Carmen. Fabulous placement :)
Thank you again Donna. Much appreciated.
Fantastic collage Carmen, very appealing :)))
Thanks so much Trish.
– Carmen Holly
fantastic work,,,, well done
Thanks Midzing. Wish I had this camera back then.
– Carmen Holly
Please don't forget to add this image into our $20.00 Featured Art work for July
9th July 2011
Thank You so Much Pamela Jayne.
– Carmen Holly


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Hi Guys
Just set up new W7 PCs on a 2k3 server. Mapped drives work fine but for the life of me I cant seem to work out how I can change the documents folder to be pointing to the users home directory on the server eg \\servername\home\%username%
it is just pointing to c:\users etc. Eventrying to save in word the default is local and I need it to be network home or shared drives.
I am doing the same thing but on Server 2008 R2 domain. I am redirecting in Group Policy to \\server\share\%sername%\ for my documents. I set Music, Pictures and Videos to follow My Documents in the same Group Policy. When I log on as the user I can click on Music, pictures and Video icons under the Library and these have the home drive location mapped (along with a local public one) but My documents under the Library still points to C:\Users\%sername%\documents (along with a local public one). From what I have read the Library does not support network shares as these are not indexed. Somehow the Group Policy I put in has added the home drive share to Music and to Pictures but wont do it for My Documents.
I am guessing you are having a similar problem?
How do you manipulate Libraries in a Domain environment? I dont want them to point to anywhere local but to the users home drive on the network.
Last edited by fiza; 11th April 2012 at 02:39 PM.
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