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Academic Events
Apr 30th, 2015
Dr. Finklesteins' Fabulous Fable Factory
Professor Finklestein's Fabulous Fable Factory Director: Harold Hynick April 30- May 2 @ 7:30 p.m. in the Morris Experimental Theatre. Join in on the adventure of the world-renowned Professor Finklestein as he travels through time in a quest to build the ulitmate fable in order to unravel the mystery of the great latol Dyuso... Read More
Apr 22nd, 2015
Spring Choral Show
Annual Spring Choral Show April 22-24, 2014 7:30 p.m. Eckilson-Mabee Theatre Featuring MVC Concert Choir, Valley Voices and the Valley Connection Show Choir Join the MVC Choirs for an evening of music that includes singing, dancing and music that inspires the soul. It's a family oriented show full of a variety of favorite musical styles... Read More
Apr 7th, 2015
Concert, Jazz and Concert Choir Concert
The MVC Music Department presents its Spring Music Concert featuring the concert band, jazz band and their guest, MVC concert choir. April 7, 2015 @ 7:30 p.m. in the Malcolm Center - Charles L. Bacon Conference Center Free Admission Read More
Mar 25th, 2015
TMD Presents The Secret of Charity Teach
The Secret of Charity Teach by Donald Mellen March 25-28 @ 7:30 p.m. in the Eckilson-Mabee Theatre Directed by: Heather Hill This goold old fashioned melodrama promises to be fun for the entire family. You will cheer for the good guys and hiss at the villains as the fate of Charity Teach hangs in the balance... Read More
Jan 17th, 2015
MVC Jazz Band Festival
The Jazz Festival will feature area junior high and high school jazz bands with certificates and awards presented at the end of the day. The Missouri Valley College Jazz Band will close the afternoon fetauring performances by the festival judges. The event is free and open to the public... Read More
Dec 4th, 2014
A Christmas Carol
A Christmas Carol: Adapted and Performed by Professor Harold Hynick. December 4-6 @ 7:30 p.m. in the Eckilson-Mabee Theatre This one man version of Charles Dickens' classic tale is adapted and performed by Associate Professor of Theatre, Harold Hynick, who plays over 20 characters including Scrooge, Marly's Ghost, Fezziwig, Mrs... Read More
Nov 20th, 2014
Celebration of Christmas Holiday Show
The Annual Celebration of Christmas Show features the Valley Connection Show Choir, MVC Conert Choir and their guests the MVC Repertory Dance Ensemble and MVC Wind Ensemble. This is a show the whole family will enjoy, so mark you calendar for this special Valley tradition. We promise to put the spirit of Christmas in each and every heart... Read More
Nov 18th, 2014
Scholastic Book Fair - Sponsored by S-MSTA
The Missouri Valley College Annual Scholastic Book Fair, sponsored by the Student- Missouri State Teachers Association, will be held Nov. 18-20 in the Ferguson Center Formal Lounge. The Fair is open each day from 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. A special Family Event featuring Clifford the Big Red Dog will be held Tuesday, November 18 from 5-8 p... Read More
Nov 18th, 2014
Hanging of the Greens
MVC's kickoff to the Holiday season. Join MVC faculty, staff and students as they hang wreaths on campus buildings and sing Christmas carols. The event starts at 6 p.m. on the campus quad. Read More
Nov 12th, 2014
Creative Writers Series
At 7 p.m. in the Murrell Library Reading Room Come see the poet and book artist Monica A. Hand's presentation at Murrell Library. Ms. Hand is the author of Me and Nina and holds an MFA in poetry and poetry in translation from Drew University and is a founding member of Poets for Ayiti. Read More


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Washington DC Hop-On Hop-Off Tour
Read what other Viator.com travelers think about the Washington DC Hop-On Hop-Off Tour. What they loved, what they liked and what they think could be improved, it's all here to help you make the most of your next trip.
Click here for tour details, schedule and pricing
United Kingdom
This is a good way to visit Washington. The service is reliable and well posted through out the Capital and surrounding areas. All the staff were helpful on all the routes.
We took the 48 hour pass and took the complete Red Route the first day to get a feel for the city and to pick our favorite sites. Very good tour. The second day we got wet when a rain storm decided to pour on us up top. Everyone had a good time on the bus. No problems. Drivers and tour guides were really good. Would recommend this route for anyone that wants to get a feel for DC before you start hopping on/off.
It was absolutely wonderful after we had the oops with my online purchase. (There needs to be better communication between the local and the corporate office. This oops held us up and we were on a tight schedule.) HOWEVER! The trip was quite lovely. We went to places we hadn't been before, and the recording was very clear and made sure it matched where we were. (We've taken other tours, and this didn't happen.) There were 3 of us and we were delighted! Thanks bunches and boatloads! (OH - and we are 67, 79, and 80!)
Great way to see Washington. Especially appreciated the courtesy and helpfulness of the staff, especially Alicia Griffin!
Louis S
Fabulous way to see the city with 4 loops to select you get to see all parts. The added river cruise when you have 2 days gives you a different view of the city.
Highly recommend it
This is a great way to see portions of Washington DC and the monuments on the national mall. We will definately use Viator again!!
Fantastic hop on hop off tour. Washington is one of the best tours ever
Excellent. Staff are friendly and knowlegable. The sites are amazing and the busses are frequent. Everything is available, earbuds, maps and even ponchos for inclement weather. I would HIGHLY recommend the hop on hop off big bus, if you want to see all the most amazing historical sites
There was so much to see, we couldn't see it all in one day. We had a great time and my clients enjoyed seeing Washington, DC from the comfort of the bus.
Could have never maneuvered through the city with all if the traffic! We had a great day seeing everything DC had to offer! The Hop on Hop off tours is the way to go!!
Perfect ! the staff really knows their job...and the cuide knows how yo de al with people and entertain with knowledge
It was great!
I would recommend this bus. The only thing is I would book on line
Great experiencie
Bob D
Great way to quickly view the many sites of D.C.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you did, you probably wished you were part of the KBE group. If you are new here, it's not too late yet. Quaint villages, golden beaches, enchanting backwaters, mouth-watering food, colourful festivals, friendly people and much more awaits you. Get your diaries ready. You just can't miss the one amazing trip through God's own country.
I think Kerala is India's lighter side. It has less traffic, friendly people and clean streets
Nelson Carvalheiro, Portugal
I am really impressed by Kerala's natural beauty, especially by its amazing backwaters, beaches and mountains
Gaia Passarelli, Brazil
Ever where I look is an amazing photograph
Edin Chavez, USA
The best moment was having food with my hand. It was an awesome cultural experience
Justin Jones, USA
I really enjoyed the eco-friendly activities in Wayanad, Kumarakom & Thekkady. Kerala is really taking care of its natural beauty
Eva A Teron, Spain
The people are really colorfully dressed and photogenic
Stefania Van Lieshout, Netherlands
This trip opened my eyes, opened my heart, opened my mind and finally opened my soul
Elsie Mendez, Mexico
People in Kerala are always calm, smiling
Daniel Nunes, Brazil
Women in Kerala are educated and active in society, which is not commonly seen in developing countries
Delia Harrington, USA
We just rode a boat in the lake and we saw elephants, wild boar and sambar deer and it was amazing
Edgar Alan Zeta-Yap, Philippines
It was great to watch the Guru-Shishya tradition at Kalamandalam
Anita Bora, India
Sambar is made differently everywhere and each variant is delicious
Roxanne Bamboat, India
Kerala, God's Own Country, is Coconut's Own Country also
Tarun Gaur, India
Kerala is good travel destination for families
Ola Wysocka, Poland
I have seen many amazing smiles in Kerala
Shawn Coomer, USA
Watching the sunset at the Western Ghats was my favorite moment
Inma Gregorio, Spain
Coming to Kerala was like going to my grandpa's village in Indonesia
Taufan Gio, Indonesia
The best part of the tour were the friendships we made
Dina Rosita, Indonesia
The process of pulling nets and catching fish speaks so much about unity
Gael Hilotin, Philippines
Kerala has a rich history. It was center of trade thousands of years ago
Ivan Henares, Philippines
The fishing process was fun to watch and the atmosphere was full of energy! They were singing and pulling in unison
Emanuele Siracusa, Italy
It was fascinating to see people from 14 different countries joyfully experience Kerala
Vijay Nambiar, India


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To celebrate #Malala winning #NobelPeacePrize, 1000 #Indian students from a human chain to symbolise Malala's work pic.twitter.com/ng9tz2q7Bs
— Muhanad Alhassoun (@Muhanad97) October 24, 2014
Malala's Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech Teaches Us All to Be Brave
Malala Yousafzai Awarded Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Committee announced today that 17-year-old Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, exactly two years one day after the Taliban attempted to murder her for advocating for the education of Pakistani girls. She's the award's youngest ever recipient. »
Malala Yousafzai and the Nobel Peace Prize She Didn't Win
Malala Yousafzai did not win the Nobel Peace Prize this week. That honor went to "the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons," a group whose work the nominating committee found particularly relevant given the recent human rights… »
Peace Prize Winner Gbowee: Occupy Wall Street Needs 'A Focused Agenda'
Want to know what Nobel Peace Prize Leymah Gbowee sees as the biggest problem facing women today? This morning, I got to ask her. »
Three Female Leaders Win Nobel Peace Prize
For the first time since Wangari Maathai, who passed away last month, a woman has won the Nobel Peace Prize. Three women, to be exact — Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee of Liberia, and Tawakul Karman of Yemen. »
Peace Prize-Winner Wangari Maathai Dies At 71
The Nobel Peace Prize-winning environmentalist activist Wangari Maathai died of ovarian cancer on Sunday at the age of 71. Her story is one of a woman both rewarded and reviled for her efforts to change her country and the world. »
China Throws Miss World Pageant Over Nobel Dispute
American Alexandria Mills' Miss World win in China on Saturday has been tainted with speculation that favorite Miss Norway lost because judges are furious that Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo won the Nobel Peace Prize. Surely, the Nobel committee is devastated. »
Obama's Nobel Speech Ruminates On Morality, Warfare
Is the surge in Afghanistan stealing the luster from President Obama's award? Arriving today in Norway, the initial controversy surrounding the Nobel Peace Prize faded as grim realities emerged about the current, fragile state of peace. »
The Peanut Gallery: Responses To Obama's Nobel Peace Prize Win
President Obama Wins Nobel Peace Prize
It's a good morning for Barack Obama: He woke up early this morning to the news that he has just been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples." [AP, NYT] »
But What About The Other 25%?
Oxygen Media played a little game of would-you-rather and found that 75% of women 18-34 would rather win a Nobel Peace Prize than America's Next Top Model. Tyra will be so disappointed. [AdAge] »
Al Gore Wins Nobel Peace Prize For Tireless Effort To Get You To Change…
Al Gore won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work reminding everyone about global warming, on what is ironically the COLDEST DAY EVER. Actually, to be precise, he shared the prize with the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which has funded the research of the colossal stacks of research that made most… »
Cut out the middle man.
drooling mindless devotees fans are putting her forward for the Nobel Peace Prize. »


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My Little Blowfish is a pattern for knitting your very own blowfish, for those days when no one will buy you a pony. Make them for the jugglers in your family, or as a toy for the toddler in search of that special something to chew. Add a little untraditional holiday cheer to the top of your Douglas fir. Stuff them with garlic and hang them over your door to ward off vampires!
Pattern is worked from tail to head in the round in one piece with 2 ends only! Familiarity with short rows are helpful but optional, and short row wraps are not knitted. There are also alternate directions for sewn on fins.
ferret lover. programmer. knitter.View all patterns by designer (2) »


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Mark June 29, 2011 on your calendars for the Ontario Healthy Workplace Coalition Networking Breakfast meeting. "What in the World is a Healthy Workplace? Perspectives from the World Health Organization" is the topic of the session, to be held at the Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Innovation. Jean Burton, internationally recognized expert on healthy workplaces and 2003 recipient of the Canadian Workplace Wellness Pioneer Award is the keynote speaker.
Statistics Canada has released a new report on police-reported hate crimes. Hate crimes are defined as criminal incidents based on race or ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Of the 1,473 hate crimes reported in 2009, the greatest increases were those related to religion, which rose by 55 per cent. Racial or ethnic hate crimes went up 35 per cent and those related to sexual orientation rose 18 per cent. Of these, 54 per cent of the reports were mischief offences (graffiti or vandalism); forty per cent were violent crimes, such as assault.
Researchers from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) recently completed the first Ontario-wide study of emergency department (ED) use by adults with dual diagnosis (developmental disability and comorbid psychiatric disorder), comparing their ED use to those with developmental disability and no psychiatric disorder, to people with psychiatric disorder but no developmental disability, and to the general adult population. Researchers found that adults with developmental disability had higher rates of ED visits when compared to adults without developmental disability. The dual diagnosis group was most likely to visit the ED at least once in two years (55 per cent) and this group also had the highest proportion of "frequent users" (16 per cent versus 5 per cent of adults with psychiatric disorder only).
The Canadian Mental Health Association York Region Branch is holding its annual general meeting on June 20, 2011 in Vaughan, at the City Playhouse. Award-winning Steven Page, former lead singer of the Barenaked Ladies, will be the guest speaker. His humorous and entertaining style is sure to delight the audience.
An innovative new service has opened its doors in Waterloo. The Community Research Ethics Office (CREO), an initiative of the Centre for Community Based Research, provides community-based researchers with access to an ethics support and review process. The CREO's services are offered in an environment that fosters the participation and collaboration of community researchers in a reflection process to maximize ethical conduct of research.
The Diabetes and Mental Health Peer Support Project has launched the first in a series of newsletters to increase awareness about the value of mental health peer support in diabetes prevention and self-management strategies. This inaugural newsletter focuses on peer support by providing a definition, an interview with a peer support trainer and an update of the project's progress.
The Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is seeking submissions for a special issue devoted to mental health promotion from a population health perspective. The special issue, sponsored by the Canadian Population Health Initiative of the Canadian Institute for Health Information, will put particular emphasis on equity and the role of social determinants of health.
The International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership (IIMHL) has recently updated their summary document on peer support services in the mental health and addiction sectors in Australia, Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland and the US.
Rainbow Health Ontario is inviting proposals for its second biennial provincial conference on LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans) health and wellness. The 2012 conference, Supporting LGBT Health Through Every Stage of Life, will be held in Ottawa from March 20 to March 23, 2012. The conference will provide a forum for health and social service providers, community members, researchers and policy makers to share knowledge, experience and ideas, network, develop partnerships, and find inspiration for ongoing work.
July 15, 2011 is the deadline for applying to the Network for Aboriginal Mental Health Research's (NAMHR) 4th annual call for papers, for the Dr. Joseph Couture and Dr. Gail G. Valaskakis prizes. These awards are granted to two graduate students in health sciences who have a commitment to Aboriginal mental health. Winners will receive $500 and a certificate.


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rocks the boat by being strickingly handsome.
dude, you are totally dubin...
додав penelopec. 31 Липень 2003
Dubin, pronounced doo-bin, short for dubinstein. A dubin is generally characterized as an awkward individual lacking social tact. Dubins can usually be seen wearing mismatching clothes and being bad at sports.
Should we give him a bid? No, that kid is a dubin.
додав RollDamnTide 11 Вересень 2011


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Greece is, economically, a mess. With a youth unemployment rate exceeding 65 percent, leaving two-thirds of the nation's young people unable to find a job, there is not much to celebrate in a country where family life – like many cultures – revolves around meals. Greece is also facing a sharp decline in population. Here is a story of what happens when people who love to cook, but have no one to cook for, meet people who love to eat, but have little money for food. (more…)
In the most recent issue of the Journal of Markets & Morality (16.1), I review The Mystical as Political by Aristotle Papanikolaou. I write,
In The Mystical as Political, Aristotle Papanikolaou seeks to construct a political theology rooted in the Orthodox Christian conviction that all of creation, and humanity in particular, was created for communion with God. He begins by offering a helpful survey of political theory in the Orthodox tradition, focusing especially on Eusebius of Caesarea, Saint John Chrysostom, the Emperor Justinian, Vladimir Soloviev, and Sergius Bulgakov, inter alia (chapter 1). In the following chapters, he addresses the relationship between church and state (chapter 2); personhood and human rights (chapter 3); divine-human communion and the common good (chapter 4); and honesty, forgiveness, and free speech (chapter 5). In the process, and refreshingly for an Orthodox writer, he also engages Western theologians and philosophers — including William Cavanaugh, Jacques Maritain, Stanley Hauerwas, and Nicholas Wolterstorff, to highlight only some of the more prominently featured — acknowledging their genuine insights while, nevertheless, criticizing what he sees to be various shortcomings. The Mystical as Political represents a careful and irenic, though not uncritical, Orthodox Christian approach to political theology, ultimately offering a positive appraisal of liberal democracy and human rights. Although essential reading on the subject with much to commend it, it has several shortcomings of its own.
In particular, I hone in on "an overemphasis on the particular over against the general, the dynamic and the uniqueness of persons over against the static and the common nature of humanity." As this is a continuing interest of mine and a subject I have explored in the past here on the PowerBlog, as well as elsewhere, my review is offered as open access to anyone who may be interested in the subject here.
I previously explored the subject of Orthodoxy and natural law here.
And Fr. Michael Butler lectured on the subject of "Orthodoxy and Natural Law" and "Orthodoxy, Church, and State" at Acton University this summer, my summaries of which can be found here and here.
Fr. James V. Schall, S.J., in an essay for The Catholic World Report, offers some points worth pondering regarding Christianity and poverty. Entitled "Do Christians Love Poverty," Schall insists that we must make the distinction between loving the poor – actual people – and loving "poverty" in some abstract way. For that to happen, we have to be holistic, realistic and concrete in our intentions and actions.
It would seem that our love of the poor, in some basic sense, ought to include not just our helping the poor in his immediate needs but mainly inciting his capacity to help himself. We want him not to need us to help him except in the sense that we all need an economic and social system that works for everyone. We want this system to be growing; we do not want a stagnant system which always produces the same or lesser amounts of available goods. We want and need people who do not think solely or mainly in terms of distributing existing goods, which they often conceive to have been ill-gotten simply because someone has more than others.
Charitable giving, for the most part, involves money. But not always. The auto manufacturer, Toyota, donates efficiency. The car company's model of kaizen (Japanese for "continuous improvement") was one their employees believed could be beneficial beyond the manufacturing business.
Toyota offered to help The Food Bank of New York, which reluctantly accepted their plan. The charity was used to receiving corporate financial donations to feed their patrons, not time from engineers. But the non-profit quickly saw results.
Toyota's engineers helped reduce the wait time for dinner from 90 minutes to 18.
Instead of having clients stream into the cafeteria 10 people at a time, the company recommended that diners take a seat just as soon as one becomes available. Toyota also set up a waiting room where diners could pick up trays and designated one employee whose job is to scour the dining room for an available space.
Toyota has 'revolutionized the way we serve our community,' Margarette Purvis, the chief executive and president of the Food Bank…
Toyota also worked with the Food Bank in their outreach distribution services following Hurricane Sandy, as the video below shows.
Gerard Berghoef & Lester DeKoster, in their book Faithful in All's God's House: Stewardship and the Christian Life, say this about work:
It is of the nature of work to serve the community. Whether work is done in the home, on the land, or in the countless forms of enterprise developed across the centuries, work is doubly blessed: (1) it provides for the family of man, and (2) it matures the worker.
National Catholic Reporter writer Michael Sean Winters has a message for the United States Catholic Bishops: become complicit with evil or toll the death knell for the Church in the U.S. Unlike the Amish, who choose to live in a manner outside of modern culture, Winters exhorts the bishops to not only engage the world, but realize that being part of evil is simply part and parcel of that engagement:
I bring up the Amish for a reason. They are lovely people and their commitment to living a Christ-like life challenges us all. But their model is not our Catholic tradition. We do not shut out the world; we engage it. And it seems to me that the approach of many bishops in recent years has been to mimic the Amish, to construct walls around a 'faithful remnant' of Catholics, close the doors in the face of those who evidence ambivalence, and denounce the culture for its moral turpitude. Setting aside the fact that those denunciations tend to be ideologically one-sided, this dour, pessimistic, denunciatory stance toward the culture is a death sentence for the church…
Étienne Cabet, a French philosopher and founder of a utopian socialist movement, once said: "Communism is Christianity." The concept of property has existed longer than Western Civilization; trying to understand what property is and who can claim it has been an important issue for centuries. But, what is the Christian view of private property and ownership?
Cabet, and others who believe that Christianity supports the concept of communism or socialism, base their opinion on one particular passage of Scripture. In Acts: 32-37, Luke tells us that no believer:
Claimed that any of his possessions was his own, but they shared everything they had…There were no needy persons among them. For from time to time those who owned lands or houses sold them, brought the money from the sales and put it at the apostles' feet, and it was distributed to anyone as he had need. NIV
One interpretation of this passage says that the Church does not support private property, but the Christian perspective on the institution of property is not so simple. Wolfgang Grassl, professor of business administration at St. Norbert College (De Pere, Wis.), addresses this complicated and controversial issue in Property, the latest in the Christian Social Thought series from the Acton Institute.
Grassl points out that the issue of property is absolutely central to Western civilization and Christian social thought. He goes as far to say that understanding property is essential in order to understand the human person. Grassl quotes Pope John Paul II, who addressed the complexity of this issue in Centesimus Annus. He said: (more…)
On Oct. 4, Rev. Robert A. Sirico, president and co-founder of the Acton Institute, spoke about social justice at the 2012 Hillsdale College Free Market Forum in Houston. The theme of the Forum, which encourages the study of free enterprise by bringing scholars together for dynamic exchanges of ideas on topics related to free market economics, was "Markets, Government, and the Common Good." Rev. Sirico spoke about the evolved meaning of the phrase "social justice," explaining the current usage of the phrase as well as its literal meaning. He also warned that if words and phrases lose their meaning then "chaos can result." (more…)
Subsidiarity, the idea that those closest to a problem should be the ones to solve it, plays a particular role in development. However, it can be an idea that is a bit "slippery": who does what and when? What is the role of faith-based organizations? What is the role of government? Susan Stabile, Professor of Law at St. John's University School of Law, has written "Subsidiarity and the Use of Faith-Based Organizations in the Fight Against Poverty" at Mirror of Justice blog and has a succinct view of subsidiarity:
Faith-based organizations have tremendous advantages over the provision of direct benefits by the federal or state governments, being capable of steering a course between welfare as an entitlement for all and state based determinations as to what general criteria make one worthy of receiving governmental assistance. The fact that they are closer to the problem allows them to better tailor aid and solutions to the situations of those they serve. The fact that they are community-based allows them to better facilitate the full development of the human personality of those who they touch. The fact that they are faith-based allows them to capture benefits of attempting to address some of the behavioral contributors to the difficulty of improving the lives of those they serve.
However, subsidiarity emphasizes action at the level most suited to address a problem, not merely action at the lowest level. It is thus important that subsidiarity not be used as an excuse to merely devolve responsibility downward without assurance of effectiveness, that it not be used as an excuse for the federal government to abdicate responsibility to provide for the social welfare of its citizens, viewing social welfare as the responsibility of states and localities, aided by private actors. Doing so would be inconsistent both with the concerns underlying the principle of subsidiarity and with subsidiarity's context within the broader body of Catholic social teaching, and would be little more than merely a ruse for simply reducing federal expenditures. It is thus important to recognize that the effective provision of social services requires multiple actors. While it is desirable that faith-based organizations play a significant role, the federal government must also retain a significant role both in enabling faith-based organizations to do their job and in doing those things that can not be done effectively by such organizations. Ultimately, the government must remain the ultimate backup to ensure that no one is left behind.
Ms. Stabile goes on to say that, "…addressing people's spiritual needs, helping change their lives rather then just providing for their material needs, empowers them." By focusing on the empowerment of people on the local level, both those in poverty and those trying to alleviate poverty, we remain centered on the human person, created in God's image and likeness, with creative power to serve and solve.
This article is cross-posted at PovertyCure.org.
Ismael Hernandez, founder and executive director of the Freedom & Virtue Institute and Acton University lecturer, has written a piece in Crisis Magazine detailing why the Church should cut purse strings with the federal government. Noting that we cannot be both religious ministers to the poor and government-paid social workers, Hernandez bolsters his view by looking to the very foundation of America:
James Madison, known as the father of our Constitution, supported religious liberty.[16] He is most surely quoted because he inspired much of what is authentic liberty in our Founding. Heeding his words is a great idea. When in 1794 Congress used Federal funds for relief of French refugees escaping from war in Santo Domingo, Madison opposed the appropriation stating, "I cannot undertake to lay my finger on that article of the Constitution which granted a right to Congress of expending, on objects of benevolence, the money of their constituents" (James Madison, 4 Annals of Congress 179 [1794]).
Madison understood that right order precedes right doing and that, in the American experiment of freedom, the Constitution offers the Federal government no space for relief interventions or nationalized solutions to social problems. Unfortunately, and contrary to both Madison and subsidiarity, religious and political leaders apparently assume that if one says the Federal government should not do X, then X should not, or cannot, be done. A renewal of our minds (Romans 12:2) is needed to dispel these pernicious assumptions. As the Federal government emboldens and grows, all under the cover of helping the needy, our memory has forgotten the need for an order that facilitates right doing.
You can download Mr. Hernandez's Acton University lecture, "Subsidiarity and Serving the Poor" here, under "Day 3″.


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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful
good speakers - could have been better,
Verified Purchase(What is this?)
This review is from: Indoor/Outdoor Wireless Speakers - Piano Black (Electronics)
I wanted a pair of speakers for my computer (to put them in my living room and not have to see cables running everywhere). I bought these and they work fine: good range transmission, no background noise so far and small enough to be hidden easily away (about 18cm tall and 12cm wide).
However, what really irritates me is that every time you switch them off (there is an on/off switch) - they go back to zero volume level, which means that you have to reconfigure them every time you turn them back on. And since there is no indication of volume level in each speaker, it does take a bit of effort to equalise the volume level in the two speakers. Now this is something that could have easily been avoided - and it should have, if you expect people to pay �80 for these.
Other than that, happy :)
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(37 customer reviews)
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Location: Birmingham, UK
Top Reviewer Ranking: 4,956,219


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If the California League is typically a tough place for a young pitcher to get comfortable, Joe Ross has proven to be atypical.
The Padres' ninth-ranked prospect scattered three hits and struck out four over six shutout innings to earn his first 2014 win in Class A Advanced Lake Elsinore's 11-9 thrashing of High Desert on Tuesday.
"I felt pretty good. I had good command of my fastball and of my changeup and slider too, but I didn't throw either of them until the fourth inning," Ross said. "The game was going quickly, and then we scored a lot of runs, so I had a lot of security."
In the 20-year-old righty's first start on the hitter-friendly circuit, Ross (1-1) was touched up for four runs on eight hits and two walks in five innings against Lancaster.
"I was just a little more comfortable on the mound [Tuesday], and I had a better feel for the ball," he said. "I had a lot of ground balls both times, but last time, they found more holes."
The 2011 first-round pick is the younger brother of Padres hurler Tyson Ross. Both Ross siblings pitched Tuesday night with Tyson and San Diego falling, 8-6, to the Indians.
"Since they're in Cleveland, they're a couple hours ahead, and I was actually watching [Tyson] pitch on my iPad,'' Ross said. "That's the first time I got to watch him pitch on a day when I was pitching later on."
He spent some time observing his older brother during Spring Training, and he used some of what he learned to help him in Tuesday's win.
"We throw way different, so it's hard to nitpick, but I could see how he works mentally, learn when to take a step off," Ross said. "That worked for me tonight. I went 3-0, and I stepped off and took a breath."
He surrendered a hit to the Mavericks' first batter, Travis Witherspoon, on a successful bunt.
"He just got me a little off guard," Ross admitted. "He push-bunted to second base and caught us all sleeping a bit."
Ross then cruised until there were two outs in the fourth inning. No. 19 Mariners prospect Patrick Kivlehan and Gabriel Guerrero both singled up the middle.
"I wasn't too bothered by [Kivlehan's hit]," Ross said. "It was a broken-bat flare, which is more annoying than anything else. The second was a line drive.
"Since there were two outs, in my head, I said, 'OK, let's just get a ground ball or flyout or whatever.' It's a little different when there's no outs or one out, but with two, I just took a little breath."
He got Jody Lara on a fly to center field to end the inning.
In the top of the fifth, the Storm crossed the plate nine times, which kept Ross off the mound for a while.
"After we scored a couple runs, I was trying to stretch and stay loose. I threw a couple pitches in the bullpen," he said. "It's tough like that -- you want to score a lot of runs, but you also want to go back out there."
When he did get back to the bump, he was perfect over his final two frames.
Hunter Renfroe, the Padres' No. 5 prospect, went 3-for-5 with a run scored and a stolen base.
Kivlehan went 3-for-4 with two runs scored and missed the cycle by a double. He also walked.
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Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments can provide for comprehensive erase verification and defect detection in non-volatile semiconductor memory. In one embodiment, the results of erasing a group of storage elements is verified using a plurality of test conditions to better detect defective and/or insufficiently erased storage elements of the group. For example, the results of erasing a NAND string can be verified by testing charging of the string in a plurality of directions with the storage elements biased to turn on if in an erased state. If a string of storage elements passes a first test process or operation but fails a second test process or operation, the string can be determined to have failed the erase process and possibly be defective. By testing charging or conduction of the string in a plurality of directions, defects in any transistors of the string that are masked under one set of conditions may be exposed under a second set of bias conditions. For example, a string may pass an erase verification operation but then be read as including one or more programmed storage elements. Such a string can be defective and mapped out of the memory device.
1. A memory system, comprising:
a group of non-volatile storage elements located in a host system; and
a managing circuit in communication with said group, said managing circuit causes an erase operation to be performed for said group, said managing circuit performs an erase verification operation to determine whether said group is erased and reads at least one non-volatile storage element of said group for an erased state after erasing said group, said managing circuit verifies that said group is erased when said erase verification operation determines that said group is erased and said at least one non-volatile storage element is read as erased.
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/857,245, entitled �COMPREHENSIVE ERASE VERIFICATION FOR NON-VOLATILE MEMORY,� filed May 28, 2004, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to technology for programming non-volatile memory devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
Semiconductor memory devices have become more popular for use in various electronic devices. For example, non-volatile semiconductor memory is used in cellular telephones, digital cameras, personal digital assistants, mobile computing devices, non-mobile computing devices and other devices. Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) and flash memory are among the most popular non-volatile semiconductor memories.
One example of a flash memory system uses the NAND structure, which includes arranging multiple transistors in series, sandwiched between two select gates. The transistors in series and the select gates are referred to as a NAND string.
Note that although
A typical architecture for a flash memory system using a NAND structure will include several NAND strings. For example,
Each memory cell can store data (analog or digital). When storing one bit of digital data, the range of possible threshold voltages of the memory cell is divided into two ranges which are assigned logical data �1� and �0.� In one example of a NAND type flash memory, the voltage threshold is negative after the memory cell is erased, and defined as logic �1.� The threshold voltage after a program operation is positive and defined as logic �0.� When the threshold voltage is negative and a read is attempted by applying 0 volts to the control gate, the memory cell will turn on to indicate logic one is being stored. When the threshold voltage is positive and a read operation is attempted by applying 0 volts to the control gate, the memory cell will not turn on, which indicates that logic zero is stored. A memory cell can also store multiple levels of information, for example, multiple bits of digital data. In the case of storing multiple levels of data, the range of possible threshold voltages is divided into the number of levels of data. For example, if four levels of information are stored, there will be four threshold voltage ranges assigned to the data values �11�, �10�, �00�, and �01.� In one example of a NAND type memory, the threshold voltage after an erase operation is negative and defined as �11�. Positive threshold voltages are used for the states of �10�, �00�, and �01.�
Typically, a block or other unit of memory cells is erased prior to programming the memory cells to one or more threshold voltage levels as well as in response to a request to erase a portion of the memory. In one embodiment, a block or sector can refer to a minimum number of memory cells that are simultaneously erased. An entire memory device or one or more blocks can be erased during operation of the device.
Relevant examples of NAND type flash memories and their operation are provided in the following U.S. Patents/Patent Applications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference: U.S. Pat. No. 5,570,315; U.S. Pat. No. 5,774,397, U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,935, U.S. Pat. No. 6,456,528 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/893,277 (Publication No. US2003/0002348). Other types of flash memory devices can also be used in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. For example, the following patents describe NOR type flash memories and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,095,344; 5,172,338; 5,890,192 and 6,151,248. Another example of a flash memory type is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,151,248, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
During manufacturing, it is possible that some flash memory devices or portions thereof become defective. Individual transistors, strings, or blocks of storage elements may be defective and unusable. Additionally, defects in the device may arise after the manufacturing process or during user operation. Defects can be effectively managed in most situations by using error correction codes (ECC) or simply not using defective portions of the device. Individual cells, strings, or blocks can be mapped to alternate areas of the memory device, such as predesignated alternate strings at the end of a block. If left undetected, however, defects can cause erroneous erase verification and in some cases, irretrievable user data. Accordingly, various techniques are employed to detect and accommodate defects in flash memory devices.
Defects in flash memory can be discovered during programming and erasing of flash memory. Groups of cells having defective storage elements or select gates will not program or erase properly, indicating a problem with one or more of the devices in the string. During manufacturing, defects in flash memory may be discovered during a number of routine testing operations that are performed as part of the manufacturing process. For example, portions of the device may be erased and then verified for an erased condition. Those cells that fail a number of erase attempts may be determined to be defective and handled under one or more defect management schemes.
The manufacturing process also typically includes reading each cell to determine if it is functioning properly. For example, after erasing a group of cells or programming a random pattern to the group, each of the individual cells of the group are individually read. If the state of a cell does not match the value for which it was programmed, it can be determined to be defective.
During user operation, defects can be detected by cells, strings, or blocks that fail to erase or program properly. For example, if a cell fails to erase after a number of attempts, the cell can be determined to be defective. Similarly, if a cell fails to program to a desired state after a number of attempts, it can be determined to be defective. During manufacturing and user operation, erase verification is typically performed by testing a group of cells in a single step.
Although these techniques can discover some defects in a memory device and verify erasure to an extent, they may not fully verify that cells are erased and detect all defects in the device.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved system and method to verify erase operations and detect defects in non-volatile memory.
The present invention, roughly described, pertains to technology for detecting defects in non-volatile memory. Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments can verify the results of erase operations using a plurality of test conditions to better detect defective and/or insufficiently erased storage elements of the group.
In one embodiment, a group of storage elements is erased and tested to determine if the elements are in an erased state as a result of the erase process. An initial erase verify process may be performed on a group of cells after applying an erase pulse or voltage to the group. In an erase verification process of a NAND string, for example, the elements are biased to turn on if erased and charging or conduction through the NAND string in a first direction is determined. If the conduction or charging is above a minimum level, the group passes the initial erase verification. Further pulsing and verifying is performed until the group is erased or until a predetermined number of attempts are made. In one embodiment, storage elements that do not successfully pass an erase verification process are mapped to other sectors of the memory device.
In one embodiment, a group of storage elements is also read for an erased state after being erased. In the read for erased state process, one or more storage elements of a group can be read to determine their respective state. In one embodiment, each storage element of a group is biased to turn if erased and charging or conduction through the group in a second direction is determined. If the charging or conduction is above a minimum level, the string is read as erased. In one embodiment, each cell of a NAND string is simultaneously read for an erased state to minimize the time for performing the additional process.
In one embodiment, the erase verification process and read for erased state process test conduction or charging through a group of storage elements in opposite directions. For example, in an erase verification process, the bit line of a NAND string can be monitored to determine if it charges to a predetermined level with each storage element biased to turn on if erased and the bit and source lines biased in a first direction. If the bit line charges to the predetermined level, the string is verified as being erased. During a read for an erased state, the bit line can be monitored to determine if it discharges below a predetermined level with each storage element biased to turn on if erased and the bit and source lines biased in a second direction. If the bit line discharges below the predetermined level, the string is read as erased. In this manner, the entire NAND string is simultaneously read for an erased state.
In accordance with one embodiment, a group of storage elements is only verified as in an erased state if it passes an erase verification process and is read for an erased state. Those groups of storage elements that pass an erase verification process but are read as programmed are determined to be defective. They can be excluded from further programming operations using one or more defect handling techniques such as mapping of the defective group to another group.
In accordance with one embodiment, groups of storage elements are read for an erased state only when they pass an erase verification process. Those cells that fail an erase verification process do not undergo further testing such as a read for erased state process. Accordingly, time costs incurred by implementing the extra read for erased state process are minimized.
In one embodiment, a system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can include an array of storage elements and a managing circuit. The managing circuit can include dedicated hardware and/or can include hardware that is programmed by software stored on one or more storage devices such as non-volatile memory (e.g. flash memory, EEPROM, etc.) or other memory devices. In one embodiment, the managing circuit includes a controller and a state machine. In another embodiment, the managing circuit only includes a state machine and not a controller. The managing circuit can perform the steps discussed above with respect to various embodiments. Methods in accordance with some embodiments are performed by the state machine. In some implementations, the state machine is on the same integrated circuit chip as the array of storage elements.
Other features, aspects, and objects of the invention can be obtained from a review of the specification, the figures, and the claims.
The invention is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to an or one embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one.
In the following description, various aspects of the present invention will be described. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced with only some or all aspects of the present disclosure. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials, and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well-known features are omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the present invention.
Various operations will be described as multiple discrete steps in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the present invention, however, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent.
The data stored in the memory cells are read out by the column control circuit 304 and are output to external I/O lines via data input/output buffer 312. Program data to be stored in the memory cells are input to the data input/output buffer 312 via the external I/O lines, and transferred to the column control circuit 304. The external I/O lines are connected to controller 318.
Command data for controlling the flash memory device are input to controller 318. The command data informs the flash memory of what operation is requested. The input command is transferred to state machine 316 that controls column control circuit 304, row control circuit 306, c-source control 310, p-well control circuit 308 and data input/output buffer 312. State machine 316 can also output status data of the flash memory such as READY/BUSY or PASS/FAIL.
Controller 318 is connected to or connectable with a host system such as a personal computer, a digital camera, or personal digital assistant, etc. It communicates with the host that initiates commands, such as to store or read data to or from the memory array 302, and provides or receives such data. Controller 318 converts such commands into command signals that can be interpreted and executed by command circuits 314, which is in communication with state machine 316. Controller 318 typically contains buffer memory for the user data being written to or read from the memory array.
One exemplary memory system comprises one integrated circuit that includes controller 318, and one or more integrated circuit chips that each contain a memory array and associated control, input/output and state machine circuits. There is a trend to integrate the memory arrays and controller circuits of a system together on one or more integrated circuit chips. The memory system may be embedded as part of the host system, or may be included in a memory card (or other package) that is removably inserted into the host systems. Such a card may include the entire memory system (e.g. including the controller) or just the memory array(s) with associated peripheral circuits (with the Controller or control function being embedded in the host). Thus, the controller can be embedded in the host or included within the removable memory system.
With reference to
During read and programming operations of one embodiment, 4,256 memory cells are simultaneously selected. The memory cells selected have the same word line (e.g. WL2-i), and the same kind of bit line (e.g. even bit lines). Therefore, 532 bytes of data can be read or programmed simultaneously. These 532 bytes of data that are simultaneously read or programmed form a logical page. Therefore, in this example, one block can store at least eight pages. When each memory cell stores two bits of data (e.g. a multi-level cell), one block stores 16 pages.
With reference to
Memory cells are erased in one embodiment by raising the p-well to an erase voltage (e.g. 20 volts) and grounding the word lines of a selected block while the source and bit lines are floating. Due to capacitive coupling, the unselected word lines, bit lines, select lines, and c-source are also raised to a high positive potential, (e.g., 20V). A strong electric field is thus applied to the tunnel oxide layers of memory cells of a selected block and the data of the selected memory cells are erased as electrons of the floating gates are emitted to the substrate. As sufficient electrons are transferred from the floating gate to the p-well region, the threshold voltage of a selected cell becomes negative. Erasing can be performed on the entire memory array, separate blocks, or another unit of cells.
The erase, read and verify operations described above are performed according to techniques known in the art. Thus, many of the details explained can be varied by one skilled in the art.
During user operation, blocks of memory cells generally undergo an erase verification operation subsequent to being erased. An erase verification operation is performed to insure that all selected cells were successfully erased as a result of an erase pulse. Typically, conduction is tested in a single direction through a string of memory cells to determine if the string is sufficiently erased. For example, conduction in a single direction can be tested by determining if the bit line of a NAND string charges to a predetermined level with all the cells biased to conduct if erased. In this manner, a number of cells can quickly be verified without slowing device performance to an undesirable level.
For example, erase verify conditions such as those illustrated in column 380 of
Column 380 of
With reference to
Although such a verification operation is useful for verifying erasure and detecting some defective strings or sectors, it is unable to detect all defects and fully verify that the string is properly erased.
Select gates, such as gate 120 and gate 122, can become defective during operation because of various breakdowns of the transistors. For example, a select gate transistor may be damaged due to charges trapped in the oxide layer between the gate and the channel as illustrated in
During the erase verification operation, each transistor in the string is conductive, causing the left side of select gate 120 or 122 to be at approximately the source side voltage level (e.g., Vdd or 2.7V). This positive voltage at the source side of select gate 120 or 122 may be sufficient to mask any charges trapped in the oxide layer. With the trapped charge masked by the source side voltage, the transistor is able to conduct under the applied gate voltage. The larger potential at the source side of the string will induce a current flow through the channel as indicated by arrow 402, the bit line is able to charge, and the string passes the erase verification operation.
During a subsequent read operation of one or more cells in the string, however, the trapped charge may not be masked and the transistor may not function properly. For example, an erased memory cell may be read as being programmed due to the inability of the string to discharge through the defective gate. Column 384 of
A trapped charge at select gate 120 or 122, however, may cause the bit line to not properly discharge under the applied bias conditions for a read operation. Select gate 120, for example, may not turn on with 4.7V applied to its control gate due to the trapped charge raising the threshold voltage of the select gate. Under the read bias conditions, 0V will appear at the left side of select gate 120, while Vdd will appear at the drain side. Under these conditions, there is no voltage to mask a trapped charge at the select gate, and thus, the gate may not turn on under conditions designed to turn on a properly operating transistor. Consequently, one or more erased memory cells of the string may improperly be read as programmed.
In accordance with one embodiment, an additional operation is performed after, or as part of, an erase verification operation to more comprehensively determine that a string is erased and functioning properly. The additional operation can test conduction or current flow through the string in a direction opposite to that tested during the initial erase verification operation. In this manner, transistors having defects that are masked during an erase verification operation can be detected by testing conduction in an opposite direction. A NAND string will only be verified as erased if it passes the erase verification test and is also read as in an erased state.
Column 382 of
In this manner, an additional verification to determine if the string is erased is performed. By checking for a current flow in a direction opposite to that checked during an erase verification operation, a more comprehensive verification of an erased condition and detection of defective cells can be accomplished. Defects that may have been masked during the initial erase verification can be detected to provide improved erase verification and to allow defective portions of the memory to be mapped out.
An erase voltage or pulse is applied to one or more sectors at step 502. Any number of means for erasing memory cells can be used in accordance with various embodiments. At step 504, a string of storage elements are verified for an erased state according to column 380 of
After performing an erase verification operation and a read for erased state operation on one or more strings of a block of cells, the status of the erase operation is determined at step 564. If the erase verification operation verifies a string as erased and the read for erased state operation reads the string as erased (as illustrated by step 518), the erase operation is determined to have been successful and a status of pass is returned for the erase operation. At step 566, the string or block is enabled for programming in response to the successful erase operation. If, however, the erase verification operation is unable to verify the string as erased, or the erase verification operation verifies the string as erased and the read for erased state operation reads at least one element of the string as programmed (as illustrated by step 510), the erase operation is determined to have failed. At step 568, the string is determined to be defective. At step 570, techniques for accommodating the defective string can be performed. For example, the defective string may be mapped to an alternate string within the block or the entire block may be mapped out of use.
Numerous schemes for handling defective cells, stings, or blocks can be used in accordance with various embodiments. For example, an individual memory cell, string, or block can be mapped to alternate cells, strings, or blocks set aside for such use. In many embodiments, alternate cells or strings are provided at the end of sectors for use in defect mapping. Various defect mapping schemes, including techniques for mapping individual memory cells are more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,684,345, entitiled, �Flash EEprom System,� incorporated by reference herein.
At step 536, the sensed bit line voltage is compared to a reference voltage level such as Vsense. If the bit line has charged above the threshold level, a status of pass is reported at step 538 for the erase verification process. If the bit line has not charged above the reference voltage during the period of time, a status of fail is reported at step 540. From steps 538 and 540, operation continues to step 514 or step 508 of
After waiting the period of time (t), the bit line voltage is sensed at step 554. At step 556, the sensed bit line voltage is compared to a threshold voltage Vsense (e.g., 0.45V). If the bit line has discharged below Vsense after the period of time (t), a status of erased is returned for the read for erased state operation at step 558. If the bit line has not discharged below Vsense after the period of time, a status of programmed for the read for erased state operation is reported at step 560. From steps 558 and 560, operation continues to steps 518 or 510.
In accordance with the method of
In various embodiments, a read for erased state operation can be combined with an erase verification operation at one or more steps during an erase sequence. For example, in many multi-state techniques for operating non-volatile storage elements, erased memory cells are subjected to a soft-programming operation prior to programming memory cells to a selected target physical state. When flash memory cells are erased according to one embodiment, the goal is that all erased cells have a negative threshold voltage with a predefined range of negative threshold voltages. However, in practice, the erase process may result in some cells having a negative threshold voltage below the predefined range. Memory cells having a threshold voltage that is too low may not subsequently program properly. Thus, some devices will perform what is called a soft program. That is, memory cells with threshold voltages having significantly lower values within the predefined range will receive a small amount of programming so that the threshold voltage is raised to be within the predefined range. After soft-programming, memory cells are verified again to determine if they are in a predefined erased range as result of the soft-programming operation.
In such embodiments utilizing soft-programming techniques, for example, one read for erased state operation is sufficient to adequately test the cell. A read for erased state operation may be performed only after the first successful erase verification operation (i.e., prior to soft-programming). The erase verification operation will verify conduction in a first direction through the string including the cell. The read for erased state will verify conduction, and thus proper operating conditions of the string in the opposite direction. Since proper operation is confirmed by the single read for erased state operation, there is no need to perform a second read for erased state operation following an erase verification operation following soft-programming. In another embodiment, the read for erased state operation can be performed after soft-programming rather than before. In yet other embodiments, the read for erased state operation can be performed at both times.
Although much of the present disclosure has been directed to erase verification and defect detection during user operation of the memory device, the principles and techniques can also be used during manufacturing to provide more comprehensive erase verification and defect detection. As previously discussed, manufacturing testing processes typically involve reading each bit or memory cell of a device. A random pattern may be programmed to an array of memory cells and then each cell read. If the state read from a cell does not match the state for which it was programmed it can be determined to be defective. Additionally, each cell may be read after erasing the array. If a cell reads as programmed after being erased, it can be determined to be defective. In one embodiment, testing is done during manufacturing by using test pins and bypassing the controller of the memory device.
The process of reading each cell during the test process is time-consuming. In accordance with one embodiment, the bias conditions shown in column 382 of
In one embodiment, reading the strings of the array for an erased state is incorporated within erase verification during the test process. For example, rather than verify erasure of the array using the bias conditions of column 380 exclusively, an additional verification step is performed under the bias conditions of column 382. Individual strings of the array are only verified as erased if they pass an erase verification under the bias conditions of column of 380 and are read as in an erased state under the conditions of column 382. When the strings are read for an erased state during erase verification, a separate read of each cell for an erased state can be bypassed because the cells have already been tested during erase verification.
Much of the present disclosure has been presented under the assumption that that a verification process is performed by applying a particular voltage to the control gate and determining whether the memory cell turns on or off. However, there are other means of verifying (and reading) a memory cell and other verification parameters to determine the state of a memory cell that can also be used within the spirit of the present invention. For example, a current-sensing system can be used in which a current of the storage unit under a certain read condition is compared with a set of reference currents. In another embodiment, state of a storage unit can be determined using a number of different parameters. For example, the determination of a cell's stored charge level can be performed by current sensing, where the magnitude of its conduction, using fixed bias conditions, is sensed. Alternatively, such determination can be made through sensing threshold voltages, where the onset of such conduction is sensed using various steering gate bias conditions. Alternatively, the determination can be performed dynamically by having the cell's charge-level determined driver-strength control the discharge rate of a dynamically held sense node (by, e.g. a pre-charged capacitor). By sensing the time to reach a given discharge level, the stored charge level is determined. In this case, the parameter indicative of the cells condition is a time. This approach is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,762, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Another alternative technique is one in which the state of the storage unit is determined using frequency as the parameter, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,044,019, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Current sensing approaches are more fully developed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,172,338, which also is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The above examples are provided with respect to NAND type flash memory. However, the principles of the present invention have application to other types of non-volatile memories, including those currently existing and those contemplated to use new technology being developed.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. Embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention, the various embodiments and with various modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
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VIDEO: New Promo for BEING HUMAN; Returns to Syfy 1/14
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|Related: BEING HUMAN, Syfy
The new season of BEING HUMAN premieres Monday Jan 14 at 9/8c on Syfy - check out the latest promo below!
Being human: nobody ever said it was easy. But when you're a ghost, a vampire, and a werewolf, like the three twenty-something roommates of "Being Human," it may be completely impossible. As Aidan (Sam Witwer), Sally (Meaghan Rath) and Josh (Sam Huntington) continue to struggle with their Supernatural double lives, "Being Human," by turns frightening, witty, and romantic, continues to explore what it means to be human through the eyes of these outsiders. The third season will premiere on Monday, January 14 at 9p.m., with Kristen Hager joining this year as a series regular.
Season 2 ended with Aidan (Sam Witwer) buried alive as punishment from vampire leader Mother, Sally (Meaghan Rath) lost in a state of limbo, and Josh's (Sam Huntington) plot to kill his Maker Ray, endangering Nora instead.
The new season also features a stellar lineup of new and returning guest stars including:
Mark Pellegrino (Lost, Revolution) as Aidan's vampire mentor Bishop; Amy Aquino (Harry's Law, ER) as Donna, a witch whose Supernatural spells are sought out to help find Sally; Xander Berkeley (Nikita) as Liam, father of purebred werewolf twins who is intent on locating his missing children; Bobby Campo (Final Destination) as Max, a young mortician who develops a connection with Sally; and Kyle Schmid (Copper/The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants) returning as Aidan's vampire protégé/"son" Henry.
"Being Human" is a Muse Entertainment production in association with ZODIAK USA and is based on the acclaimed series created by Toby Whithouse and produced by Touchpaper. Executive producers are Michael Prupas (The Kennedys, Pillars of the Earth), Anna Fricke (Men in Trees, Everwood) who is both writer and showrunner, and Rob Pursey and Toby Whithouse. Irene Litinsky (Human Trafficking, The Phantom) is series producer.
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Funny New Baby Sayings
When a new baby is born the parents are congratulated. Often the mother in the hospital would not be attending, so that she and the baby comes to rest. Therefore, we can congratulate via SMS for the birth of the baby. It is a good idea to include funny baby sayings in the short text of that message, so that an original and humorous message is sent to the mother. For example, the birth of a daughter "I hope she is as sweet as you are" or the birth of a son "looks like his Dad - hopefully easier to maintain". There are many funny sayings for the birth of a baby, so it should not be difficult to write your own funny baby sayings. You may also find lots of funny text for this occasion in the internet.
|Birth->Phrases and Sayings
Birth and Childbirth Gifts
Gifts for a new born baby are not too hard to find. Young parents often need lots of things for their first baby. Baby clothes are very popular gifts for the birth of a baby. Money gifts are also welcome because a new baby causes much of fun and also quite a lot of costs.
New Baby Congratulation Phrases
Congratulations for a Baby Birth are send to the parents when a baby is born. With baby congratulations you wish the best for the parents and for the just born baby. You can make such congratulations on the phone. The mother may still stay in hospital. Alternatively, you send a greeting text in a SMS message using you mobile phone. Congratulations to the baby should only be made in case of a successful birth and a healthy baby. "We are very happy for you and the newborn baby" is a classical example for a congratulation text. Many other phrases can be found online. You should also send a gift to the parents - a godd idea is a set of two picture frames - one to keep and one to send back. This way you request a photo of the baby.
|Birth->Phrases and Sayings
Childbirth Texts
Childbirth texts are sent to parents of a newborn baby. Such texts can be written in congratulation cards for the birth. They should give the mother and the father courage and confidence for the development of their child and for the near future, the early years of the baby. Childbirth texts can be found in the Internet for free. If you plan to use such texts you should personalize them so they are unique. You can write birth poems, funny sayings and phrases into the congratulation card for the baby. You may also send a SMS to the parents in order to express your emotions.
|Birth->Phrases and Sayings
New Baby Whishes
For the birth of a baby you should congratulate the parents with a card or in person or via SMS using your mobile phone. In any case, you need some new born baby whishes, quotes or texts to express that you are happy about the birth of the child and send all good whishes to the mother and father.
The baby's birth is an exciting event for the parents and all relatives and friends. When a healthy baby sees the light of day, the parents are relieved and full of euphoria - especially if it is the first child of the couple. Whishes for the birth should take up the glad and joyous mood and contain no negative reservations. "Congratulations on the birth of your child - we wish you a lot of patience and success in the coming months" is a short funny text which you can send to the parents.
Whishes for a newborn baby can also be delivered in person. In this case you should bring a gift for a baby including a congratulation card with a short text, amusing poems about the baby or little rhymes and verses. Such texts are also required if you want to receive a birth announcement or baby announcement in a magazine or online.
|Birth->Phrases and Sayings
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text:
In The Cards
Lamar University sports
Posts filtered on Category
Southland Tournament: Lamar vs. SFA (WBB)
First Half 16:22 Lamar is only going to win this game if its defense comes through for the Lady Cards. That has been the case so far as Lamar has forced 3 SFA turnovers for a 9-5 lead. 15:57 Lady Cards getting easy points from transition buckets. They're outrunning SFA here in Katy. Dominique Edwards […] [Read More]
WBB: Lamar vs. McNeese St.
1st Half A lot of Lady Card alumni are here for an anniversary wearing matching white shirts, this season's Lamar team wore same shirts in warmups Lamar quickly finds itself down 7-0 behind poor shooting and rebounding. 16:52 left Refs are really letting them play today. 12-4, McNeese. 14:30 Lady Cards off to a very […] [Read More]
Lady Cards vs. Northwestern St.
1st Half Lamar has jumped out to an early 5-0 lead with 16:53 left Dominique Edwards has all of Lamar's 8 points. It's 8-2 Lady Cards, 15:55 Six fouls for each team. Lamar 10, Lady Demons 4. 13:03 Edwards with 13. Lamar 17, Lady Demons 8. 9:32 Lamar with 10 turnovers, but are ahead 20-14. […] [Read More]
Lady Cards vs. TAMU-CC
Kalis Loyd is out. The Cards leading scorer is in a walking boot, I'm hearing it's a rolled ankle. Her benching is probably just precautionary, see as Lamar is playing a one-win Islanders team and its next game is in a week. Loyd said she should be back for that contest at McNeese State. 1st […] [Read More]
Incarnate Word to make Southland pitch
From the San Antonio Express-News: The University of the Incarnate Word is moving fast in its efforts to solicit an invitation to join the Southland Conference. UIW will make a presentation to the SLC board of directors on Thursday, a school spokesman said Wednesday. No action is expected from the SLC. Click here to read the rest of the story. [Read More]
Tidwell signs contract extension
From the Lamar sports information office: Lamar University women's basketball coach Larry Tidwell signed a contract extension to keep him at Lamar through the 2013-14 season the university announced Thursday. Terms of the contract were not announced. "This is something that shows the stability we have developed in this program," Tidwell said. "I'm very appreciative […] [Read More]
Lamar releases women's basketball schedule
From the Lamar University sports information office: Three home doubleheaders, a home game against SEC foe Ole Miss and a contest against defending national champion Texas A&M highlight the 30-game Lamar University women's basketball schedule for 2011-2012. "This is by far the toughest schedule we've had since I've been here," fifth-year Lamar coach Larry Tidwell […] [Read More]
Plumley to play professionally in Italy
Former Lamar University women's basketball player Jenna Plumley will play professionally in Italy, she said Thursday. Plumley, who set Lamar records for assists and 3-pointers, guided Lamar to two postseason appearances in two seasons, including the NCAA tournament in 2010. She will play for a team based in Cagliari, Italy, she said. Now back home […] [Read More]
And the newest WAC member is…
… Seattle University, according to several reports. From the Seattle Times: Seattle U. will be a non-football playing member of the WAC, joining the University of Denver, which has a similar status. Seattle U. athletic director Bill Hogan said last fall that 17 of Seattle U.'s 19 sports would be able to move to the […] [Read More]
Basketball doubleheaders, revamped tourney format coming to SLC
Lamar University basketball fans will soon see men's and women's doubleheaders twice a week, according to a series of announcements Thursday from the Southland Conference. The league will also consider allowing all teams into the postseason basketball tournaments and awarding higher-seeded teams with byes, the league announced. All changes coincide with the departure of two […] [Read More]
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text:
Supplemental Tryouts
When: Sunday, November 9th, 2014
Location: Statesville Soccer Complex - fields 1 & 2 [+]
ICRD Announce Impact FC, New name for competitive teams
is excited to announce that our competitive teams will now be renamed Impact
Futbol Club to be known as Impact FC. [+]
2014-2015 Tryout Registration
Tryout Registration is well under-way! Pre-register here. [+]
Premier UK announces Summer academy and Rec camp
Premier UK announces Summer academy and Rec camp, click on the camp tab for more information. Or email email@example.com [+]
- Statesville Soccer Complex- for today only
- Stumpy Creek Park - for today only
- Statesville High School- for today only


text:
Free Olympic Medal at Petco When you have a Gold Medal Spa Works Grooming on your Pet!!
|Gold Medal Spa Works
This summer go for the gold by adding a Kiwi Verbena spa works to your pet's groom. We'll pamper your pup with a winning combination of scented shampoo, moisturizing coat conditioner and spritz, followed by spray-on detangler and toothbrush service. Then we'll send your pet home with the prize – a FREE Olympic collar charm! Book your dog's appointment in our Grooming Salon today!
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text:
My primary complaint about this memory, is the lack of an overclocking ability. As mentioned earlier though, these modules are not designed for much overclocking, but rather low timings and extreme stability. Because of the goals of the memory, the lack of overclocking will not affect the final score.
DDR480 speeds for BH-5 is nothing to cry about, since it's not that flexible to begin with. If my motherboard didn't max out at 3.2v, I am confident that I could have taken it to at least DDR500 speeds, with 3.3 – 3.5v. Either way though, DDR480 at 2-2-2-5 timings is great.
In our previous Ballistix reviews, I mentioned about the MemTest errors that they received, even when they seemed completely stable. With those modules, even stock speeds would give me errors in MemTest, but it's primarily due to a fussy motherboard. I was quite happy to see that I couldn't even get a single error in MemTest with the Gold GX modules, even when I tried. All the speeds tested were completely MemTest stable. Since these are not very overclockable, loosening timings would halt MemTest before it could do anything. Therefore, I never got to see an error ;)
Because of the extreme stability and great performance of these modules, we are awarding it a 9 out of a possible 10, along with an Editors Choice award. If you are a gamer who doesn't want to overclock, these may be the modules for you. They offer great performance and stability out of the box, and leave some leeway if you do want to boost the performance a tad.
Thanks to OCZ for allowing us to review the modules! If you have anything you'd like to comment on about the review, please feel free to leave it in our related THREAD. You do not have to register to post, so what's your excuse? :)


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Jan Beranek is Greenpeace International's energy team lead.
Greenpeace experts examine fish samples on the Rainbow Warrior to monitor radiation levels as the ship sails up the eastern coast of Japan on her way to Fukushima ...On January 24, 2014 / By Jan Beranek
I am at a detention centre at South Korea's airport, quickly writing these few words as best I can on a mobile phone. Together with my colleague, Dr. ...On October 8, 2012 / By Jan Beranek
On May 10, Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan made an incredible announcement – prompted by the ongoing Fukushima nuclear crisis. Japan, the world's third largest economy, is dropping ...On May 12, 2011 / By Jan Beranek
Greenpeace is an independent organization that does not take money from corporations or government. We rely on individual donations from people just like you.Donate
Greenpeace activists will be going on trial to fight felony charges for a protest at the P&G headquarters in Cincinnati.
Updates from Trial in Cincinnati


text:
- Publisher: GabberGames
- Release Date: May 13, 2014
- Developer: GabberGames
- Genre(s): Military
- Cheats: On GameFAQs
- More Details and Credits »
Score distribution:
Positive: 4 out of 6
Mixed: 1 out of 6
Negative: 1 out of 6
Aug 6, 2014War, the Game is a title that all strategy lovers should try out at least once in order to see how smaller teams can innovate by taking the classic concepts of the genre and turning them into something new.
May 29, 2014A simple to play but hard to master strategy game at an absolute bargain price. A must-have for strategy fans.
Jul 17, 2014War, the Game has stripped away the deep complexity typical of the real-time strategy game and left the player with a simple-to-learn, hard-to-master global dominance game that allows the armchair general to concentrate far more on the actual strategic planning and implementation of battle than on the logistics that support them.
Aug 19, 2014War, the Game is as simple as the title suggests it is: a virtual imagination of RISK. Yet, anyone who looks beyond the simple presentation and rules can see a strategy game in its purest form. Tactics is everything, and if you lose you only have yourself to blame.
Jun 13, 2014My problem with War, the Game is that it's not really interesting enough.
Jun 25, 2014Its low price tag is not enough to overshadow the fact that War, the Game delivers minimum content. Although it is natural to raise objections to its strategical aspect, a small number of scenarios and no multiplayer game are the things that are fatally snapping its neck.
Score distribution:
Positive: 0 out of
Mixed: 0 out of
Negative: 0 out of


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OKC police: Thief stole package off victim's porch
Updated On: Apr 26 2013 02:24:51 PM CDT
Oklahoma City police are looking for a woman they say stole a UPS package off a victim's porch.
According to the police report, the thief pulled their car into the victim's driveway and then walked to the front porch of the home in the 3900 block of Northwest 46th Street on April 18. The woman then looked around and picked up the package, worth about $25, got back into her car and left the area, police said.
Investigators said the white woman, who was captured on surveillance video was about 30 years old, driving a four-door car that may have been a Nissan Sedan.
Copyright 2013 by KOCO.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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