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Pre-Thanksgiving Rite: Warmists Bring Scary Stories About Doom
Before virtually every holiday the believers in "climate change" trot out all sorts of scary stories about how mankind's release of greenhouse gases will ruin the holiday in the future. This year's w(h)inner is Mother Jones
This Is Your Thanksgiving on Climate Change
Thanksgiving is supposed to be all about bounty, right? Cornucopias? Tables groaning with goodies?
Sure–for now. But (holiday buzzkill alert!) if the globe continues to warm, that Turkey Day spread could end up looking quite paltry. In honor of everyone's favorite day of feasting, here's a preview:
Ah, the old "sometime in the future bad things might possibly maybe kinda sorta happen" canard.
The "turkey belt" of the United States is in the South, where states like Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas contribute the bulk of our national annual haul of over a quarter of a billion birds. But if you're worried about keeping turkey on your Thanksgiving table into the future, you might turn your attention to the Midwest. After this summer's record-breaking heat and drought in the Corn Belt, the grain supplies that plump the birds up for market dwindled, prices spiked, and as of fall turkeys are the most expensive per pound they've been in 10 years.
Except there have been record corn crops across the United States and the world this year (and previous years). And drought is no worse than it was 60 years ago when CO2 was under 350ppm. For those who've been to the supermarket to buy a turkey know that you can get one pretty cheap. Heck, I was in WalMart yesterday (bought my bird at Kroger, though) and saw prices as low as 88 cents a pound. One of the main drivers of rising feed costs is using it as fuel. Mostly worthless fuel.
No halfway decent Thanksgiving plate is complete without a dollop of mashed potatoes and gravy. Unfortunately, rising temperatures are endangering the future of that creamy dish. Elevated spring temperatures in Idaho could produce an 18 percent drop in spud yields and an annual $141 million economic loss to the state, according to the American Security Project. Additionally, volatile rainfall will also create irrigation problems.
Except, we've seen record crops this year, as well. But, it could happen!!!!1!!! It hasn't yet, and virtually every Warmist prediction has failed, and, why do you keep asking such inconvenient questions and using the Internet to look up information? Just fall in line, pal!
Also mentioned are cranberries (yuck), spinach (yuck), corn (remember, record yields), and pumpkins (no research done, but "studies suggest something or other mumble in the mumble future). Bad things could maybe happen. Hey, remember back to the Little Ice Age when it was cold and crops were really failing and tens of millions were starving?
Warmists are some seriously depressing people, don't you think? They refuses to modify their own lives to Do Something about their beliefs: they prefer to just whine.
Crossed at Pirate's Cove. Follow me on Twitter @WilliamTeach.
Also see...
After his 20-year old son overdosed on drugs, Mike Stollings decided to post a photo of his body at the funeral home on Facebook out of grief and guilt. The...Read More
William Teach
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Via Ed Driscoll, who writes If NPR really believes that, it's up to them to set an example for the


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DJ Chris Ewen spins 80's new wave.
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New Orleans Chocolate and Praline Walking Tour
New Orleans is known for its rich French history, but its also famous for its rich French treats! This New Orleans chocolate and praline tour takes you on a leisurely walk through the French Quarter to some of the city's most decadent dessert shops, chocolatiers and bakeries. Celebrate quintessential French recipes with a Southern Creole twist as you enjoy eight tastings including croissants, chocolate candies and pralines - a time-honored New Orleans tradition. You'll also sample some gelato and candied apples. Your guide will teach you about the history of the shops and neighborhood as you satisfy your sweet tooth.
Special Offer -
our previously offered price!
Additional info
- Confirmation will be received at time of booking
- Adult pricing applies to all travelers. Infant rates apply if children are not participating in any of the tastings.
- Tours run rain or shine; please dress appropriately
- This tour involves a good amount of walking; comfortable shoes are recommended
- Wheelchair accessible
ConditionsConditions of Sale:
Once you have booked and received your travel voucher, the contact details for the travel service operator will be on this voucher under the heading 'Important Information'. Where applicable, you are required to call the travel service operator directly to advise of additional information such as:
- Hotel for pick up
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Departure dateThursday
Departure time12pm
Tour Details
- New Orleans Chocolate and Praline Walking Tour
- New Orleans Chocolate and Praline Walking Tour
Not included
Customer reviews
This activity has been reviewed less than 5 times. To ensure the quality of guest review information, we only calculate average guest review scores when there are at least 5 reviews for a activity.


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A reward for information in the whereabouts of a former Harlem Globetrotter who went missing on a road trip to Seattle was announced Saturday.
The Seahawks are showing their support as they pay tribute to the Marysville-Pilchuck community.
Indiana freshman Emmitt Holt was cited Saturday for misdemeanor underage drinking after he hit teammate Devin Davis with his SUV, leaving Davis hospitalized with a serious head injury.
That's the reality of the NFL these days, when rookies, especially those selected high in the draft, not only are given a chance to prove themselves but are expected to contribute immediately. The salary cap forces it, but so do coaches eager to get more athletic skill on the field.
When the 49ers play St. Louis, and in this case for the second time in three games, coach Jim Harbaugh demands an extra level of concentration to guard against trickery.
A federal judge seems to think Native Americans offended by the Washington Redskins team name are properly being sued by the NFL franchise.
Undrafted rookie Brock Coyle is expected to start at middle linebacker for the Seattle Seahawks this week against Oakland.
An NFL franchise in London could generate more than $250 million a year for Britain, according to a study released Wednesday.
The Toronto Blue Jays claimed Seattle Mariners first baseman Justin Smoak off waivers Tuesday.
For a moment, the stress that enveloped the Seattle Seahawks the past few weeks eased up.
Yuka Kavaguti and Alexander Smirnov of Russia won the Skate America pairs competition in convincing fashion on Sunday.
Russell Wilson threw a 23-yard touchdown pass to Luke Wilson with 47 seconds left, lifting the Seattle Seahawks to a 13-9 victory over the Carolina Panthers on Sunday to snap a two-game losing streak.
Seahawks-Panthers Stats
First Quarter
Car_FG Gano 31, 6:21.
Second Quarter
Car_FG Gano 26, 13:23.
Sea_FG Hauschka 58, 11:00.
Third Quarter
Sea_FG Hauschka 29, 7:13.
Fourth Quarter
Car_FG Gano 46, 4:37.
First Quarter
Car_FG Gano 31, 6:21.
Second Quarter
Car_FG Gano 26, 13:23.
Sea_FG Hauschka 58, 11:00.
Third Quarter
Sea_FG Hauschka 29, 7:13.
Fourth Quarter
Car_FG Gano 46, 4:37.
Panthers running back DeAngelo Williams is inactive for Sunday's game against the Seahawks, marking the fourth straight game the franchise's all-time leading rusher is out due to a high ankle sprain.


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The Oracle located in Reading town centre has over 80 stylish stores for you to explore including Apple, House of Fraser, Zara and Debenhams.
Explore our restaurants and cafes at The Oracle. The Riverside offers a choice of stylish restaurants, bars and cafes. Serving everything from Italian feasts and authentic Oriental dishes to French cuisine.
Our 10 screen Vue Cinema shows the latest movies and benefits from deluxe seating and the best in digital Dolby surround sound.
Find out film times, upcoming releases and book your tickets online for Vue Cinema Reading.
Use our interactive map to find out where Vue Cinema is located at The Oracle.
All the information you need when visiting the centre. The Oracle is easily accessible and has great transport links
Explore and locate the shops and dining options at the centr ...
The Oracle provides 2300 car parking spaces across two car p ...
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Giving you plenty of time to enjoy everything The Oracle has ...
Customer feedback is very important to us here at The Oracle ...
Find out what's new at The Oracle, what others are saying and what's happening in Reading town centre.
Luxury cocoa grower and chocolatier Hotel Chocolat unwraps their dazzling 2014 Christmas collection.
giraffe have been busy in the kitchen exploring flavours from around the world and their new winter menu is out now.
Photography specialist Jessops launches its brand new, next generation flagship store in The Oracle
Discover upcoming centre events here first.
Festive activities to help make the perfect Christmas
Brace yourselves bargain hunters!
You are cordially invited to attend an evening at Goldsmiths on Thursday 4th December.
Be the first to hear about The Oracle's offers, discounts and competitions
Swarovski is at the forefront of crystal glamour. For your chance to win £500 to spend in Swarovski, enter now!
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£20 off all mens footwear at Shoon
Whatever the occasion, you don't have to think twice about buying the perfect present, thanks to the Oracle Gift Card.
The Oracle Gift Card offers access to over 80 stores for shopping, drinking, dining and more.
Purchasing The Oracle Gift Card is easy, simply visit the secure website to buy now.
To check your Oracle Gift Card balance online, all we need is your card number.
Pizza Express, has launched its second restaurant in Reading, inside The Oracle! The stunning new restaurant features Al Fresco dining, seating 110 inside and 30 outside. The architecturally striking space is in keeping with the modern feel of The Oracle. With a delightful setting overlooking the river, the restaurant is laid out over a single floor with the heart and soul of the restaurant being the open kitchen, where the pizzaiolo chefs create a theatre of visual treats for customers as they go about their flamboyant craft tossing pizzas, chopping dough balls and mixing salads.
Please note: Pizza Express provide halal meat on all chicken.
0118 957 4411
Born from the mind of Karl Lagerfeld, the watch collection boldly represents the designer's vision of the new and the 'NOW'.
£20 off all womens boots at Shoon.
Swarovski is at the forefront of crystal glamour. For your chance to win £500 to spend in Swarovski, enter now!
The Oracle Shopping Centre, Reading, RG1 2AG


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Bek-Hee (10200 Page Avenue, Overland; 314-426-4773) 10:30 a.m.-9:30 p.m. Mon.-Thurs. 10:30 a.m.-10 p.m. Fri.-Sat., noon-9 p.m. Sun. When the Han Dynasty fell apart in 221 AD, members of the royal family fled south to Sha County to escape the invading forces. According to Chinese folklore, they brou ... More >>
Week of June 18, 2003


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Lindsey Fisher
Video: Chopped And Dropped '59 El Camino Paris Style
Cruising–we've all done it, whether it was in a classic car, hot rod, or you parents' Buick. For some, cruising is a way to wind down after work or on the weekends. For others, it's a way of life, even in Paris. Read More
Man Arrested In Two Month Crime Spree, Including Theft Of '56 Chevy
It's been just over two weeks now since a 1956 Chevy was stolen from a three-car garage in Washington, Missouri and police have finally tracked down the suspect and charged him for the crime. Read More
Video: Mad Max-ing It In Ron Griffith's Eclectic Monte Carlo
If you've ever thought that the plot of the 1979 feature film Mad Max may eventually come to light in real life, you're not alone. But some people are more prepared for this than others, like Ron Griffith! Read More
Determining Reliability: The Chevy Colorado Endures Water Testing
Have you ever wondered how your truck would fair if it were immersed in water? Well, while no one hopes you find yourself in that situation, Chevy tests their trucks for just that. See how inside! Read More
Video: '55 Nomad Makes Its Debut After 40+ Years In Storage
Barn finds are out there, though rarer than most of us would like, but very rarely do you come across a vintage classic so well maintained and original as this one. Check it out inside! Read More
Video: Behind the Scenes of a Camaro/Model Shoot
Model shoot videos may normally be all about the model, but in this case, it's about the process behind photographing cars and people who model with them. It's an art like no other! Read More
Super Clean First-Year Impala Heading To California Auction
It's not hard to come up with a list of classic Chevys that a lot of car collectors would love to have. What is hard, is finding that perfect vehicle when the time comes to purchase one–except this time! Read More
Video: Chevy-Powered '67 Mustang "Helleanor" Dominates The Track
Named after the famed '67 Mustang GT500 that starred in Gone in 60 Seconds, Helleanor is a true steel-bodied '67 Fastback that's been converted to a glorious track-dominating machine. Check it out inside! Read More
Chevrolet Reveals a Number of SEMA Concept Cars
The annual SEMA Show is a place to experience new ideas, components and cars like the list of concept cars already released by Chevrolet. Check out what to expect inside! Read More
Colorado Chevy Enthusiasts Ban Together to Support One of Their Own
Remember that wild video of the '55 crashing with his legs hanging out? His buddies threw him a benefit show to help bring back his '55, and we were there to help out! Read More
Video: Lunati Takes The Next Step In Its Bootlegger Video Series
With a name like the Bootlegger, Lunati's new camshaft series offers what every bootlegger wanted back in the day–more power and better performance. Check out the latest in the Bootlegger video series inside. Read More
Japan's Super American Festival
The Chevy Camaro may be a fan favorite here in the States, but all over the world, this American muscle car and its famed brethren are celebrated at shows like Japan's Super American Festival! Read More
Tremec-Backed TPR Team Heading to Ninth Trans Am Race This Weekend
If you're into road racing, you've certainly been keeping up with the Trans Am series this year. With just 3 races left in 2014, everyone is gunning for the top & our friends at Tremec are cheering them on! Read More
Modern Z/28 Performance Kits Shave Seconds on the Track
When you're racing a road course, every second matters. Increased power will help you shave seconds off your lap times but more times than not, true performance comes down to the handling capabilities of your car. Read More
Havoline and Gas Monkey Garage Team Up to Give Away '69 Camaro
Have you ever wanted to own a first-generation Camaro? How about a true '69 RS/SS? Well, who hasn't? But right now, thanks to Havoline and the Gas Monkey Garage, you can enter to win Richard Rawlings' very own car! Read More
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There's nothing quite like killer incentives to drive sales through the roof, and for GM, "Truck Month" is doing just that. But that's not even the half of it. Check out the market shift this may cause inside! Read More


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3650 N 67th St,
Kansas City, KS, 66104-0661
Kansas City, KS, 66104-0661
Tel: (913)299-9884
Our mission is to "train up a child in the way he should go so that when he is old, he will not depart from it." We want our students to find God's plan and purpose for their lives so that they can be a beacon of hope to a hurting world.
Our desire is to touch the lives of our students and families with God's love and impact our community for God's glory.
Our primary goal at MCS is to educate our students beyond academics, teaching them how to share God's love with others so that they can affect change.
We want to educate the child in every area, mentally, physically, and spiritually to create well-balanced maturing Christians.
School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI)
|Religious Affiliation
|Grades Offered
|Grades Prekindergarten - 12
|Year Founded
Student Body
|Total Students
|100 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 17%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|11 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|Average ACT score
|Classroom Dress Code
(collared shirts required)
Finances and Admission
|Admission Deadline
|None / Rolling
|Yearly Tuition Cost
|Total Sports Offered
|4 sports
|Baseball, Basketball, Soccer, VolleyballBaseball, Basketball,
Soccer, Volleyball,
Nearby Schools:
All Schools | High Schools | Elementary Schools | Preschools | Public Schools
Show me:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
Kansas CityChrist The King Elementary School
3027 N 54th St
Kansas City, KS, 66104
(913)287-8883(Roman Catholic)1.8 mi | 268 students | Gr. K-9
Kansas CityV Lindsay Sda School
3310 Garfield Ave
Kansas City, KS, 66104
(913)342-4435(Seventh-Day Adventist)4 mi | 45 students | Gr. K-9
Kansas CitySt Patrick School
1066 N 94th St
Kansas City, KS, 66112
(913)299-8131(Roman Catholic)4.3 mi | 302 students | Gr. PK-8
Kansas CityOpen Door Christian School
3033 N 103rd Terrace
Kansas City, KS, 66109
(913)334-7777(Baptist)4.4 mi | 74 students | Gr. PK-6
Kansas CityBishop Ward High School
708 N 18th St
Kansas City, KS, 66102
(913)371-1201(Roman Catholic)5.3 mi | 330 students | Gr. 9-12
School Reviews
Area Statistics
Recent Articles
Updated October 26, 2014
What do you do when you are dissatisfied with your local public schools? Homeschool your children? Send them to private school? Let's look at your options.
Your religion matters to you. You want your child to attend a school which will combine academics and religious education. Here is an overview of what is available together with some links to denominational web sites.
Add things up and you'll quickly find the answer- math is crucial both in academics and the real world. By following these strategies and following personal training programs, students can uncover their weaknesses and conquer math.


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Discover a very simple, integrated method to make a control, such as static, button, sliderctrl, and progress control transparent in a dialog box.
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I thought Bali was Australian Or should be. Roy? Any plans to swap hats for one with dangling corks?
Je suis expatrié
|Je vis en ce moment en Indonésie, à Jakarta
|Je viens d'Angleterre
I joined this site to share my blog about how I see and live in Indonesia but I have found this place to be more than a blog site, it is a community and a source of information and friendship. Originally from England the differences are so clear and obvious but sometimes it is all to similar. I have been here since 2007 and must admit I like it. I am looking for friendship and contact and to help share my experiences about life in sunny Jakarta. If you would like to know more, then please drop me a note and ask. Have a great day.
|blogging, movies, sports, reading, Travel, many things
|English, Indonesian
I thought Bali was Australian Or should be. Roy? Any plans to swap hats for one with dangling corks?
There are an awful lot of expats in and around Puri Indah, myself included (well I work there).
There is PiK a little further out and also Central Park.
Send me a PM if you want.
Roy is correct. Everything is different and so much more of a challenge both financially and personally the further away from cities you go. Whilst the fuel price increase will in the long term help everyone it won't help the people as much as we believe in the more remote places. That does not mean it should not have happened but it means those who are affected by it most should be supported quicker, not those who cry the loudest or strike the most.
Don't forget the food fish water etc comes from the people in the villages and so as Roy said everything will become harder now. People who live on cities can choose what transport to take. In the middle of nowhere there often is no choice.
I think it had to be done and there were warnings it was coming from the day he was elected. If he had announced when, then we could have expected the usual round of riots and strikes and protests which would be fruitless and show the world how the workforce misunderstands things.
I use Shell mainly because I dont have to queue and therefore its quick. I think that if the money is put to use as promised then its all for the good. I dont like the cheap fuel. I never have.
I see the problem lying not with the poorer people for whom the subsidy was for and will take what has happened well but those who can afford 1 or 2 expensive cars and the put the cheapest fuel into them which makes no real sense to me.
Dont forget in Jakarta, the minimum wage rises to 2.7 million soon and the free health care cards are reaching all citizens so there is some good as well. My son can now receive free medical and medicine which is helpful.
I expect there will a knock on in the price of food and things but that has been happening regardless and before we all tearing strips from the president, not everything has been explained regarding the rise in the past 10 hours. The president has said he wants to protect the fishermen etc on the islands and I am sure he will be doing something about that as well.
Interestingly no one rioted when the price of cigarettes went up? Yet it is the poor people who smoke them and for 16000 for a packet these are the same price as 2 litres of fuel.... Why was that? Maybe because they just went up in price and it was not announced. Everytime the government announces something will change, out come the flags, the demonstrations, riots and the costs of clearing the mess up and it still changes. I think the president took a daring and bold step and will reap the rewards in the near future, not yet but he will.
Or the thread at the top of the forum page which says what you can and can't do here.
Read it. Read it all. It will help.
Asif, your details list you in China and it is very dangerous and unwise for anyone to give out numbers in a public forum especially for women. I am sure you know that.
It would politer to introduce yourself and ask the person if you could PM for more information, that way you may make more friends here. Its all about etiquette and correct behaviour thats all.
Have a good day
Baristerasi, why would you want a number when you are in China and why would anyone give it to you, when that is all you say?
Golf was devised by the scots. Still at least their ability for good liquor is better than their sports.
Scotland - Mars bars in Batter, Rain, Loch Ness, Men in skirts, Rab C Nesbit and Trainspotting.....
But to make it even.
Avi from Snatch said this about London "Yes, London. You know: fish, chips, cup 'o tea, bad food, worse weather, Mary ******* Poppins... LONDON" - Which is also true
I would be happy to ensure the 19th hole is well looked after. I do a good passed out by the bar impression free of charge if someone buys the drinks...
Sort of like the same people who carry drugs into countries which openly declare the penalty for bringing drugs into their country being death thinking 'it will never happen to me'.
You know, the stupid ones
This guy spoke to me before coming here but I cant find when or where, I will have to keep searching and see what was said.
Hello Rebecca, where will you be going? Indonesia is a vast place, beautiful and full of many surprises. I hope you will share a little more with the good people here to let them give you some help and advice
Thanks Roy, 18 months now and he is clearly on a mission to do everything at once. Still it keeps you young and tired and hopeful all at the same time.
Hi and welcome to the site. Hope you make friends and participate in the discussions.
Interesting to see if Australia relax their visa rules for Indonesians as a result. Can't see this expanding to England as there is no way England will relax its mediaeval immigration rules for any country it does not get revenue from.
Congratulations Mas Fred and I hope all continue to do well and grow. As for twitter, yes I am following you.
Looking forward to news
Lake To a needs some planning due to the distance from Medan to it. But that's all part of the fun. Jogja and Bromo can be done pretty much over a long weekend. Take the train to Jogja. Hire a car to Bromo and back and fly to Jakarta or something similar.
Anyway, enjoy.


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A process for recovery of fresh water by reverse osmosis from high salt content feed, such as sea water, comprises treating the feed water in an initial stage at relatively low pressure (between about 300 and 550 psi) employing a loose semipermeable membrane, to produce an intermediate product water containing one-fourth to one-half the TDS (total dissolved solids) content of the original feed water. The intermediate product water is treated in a subsequent stage also at a relatively low pressure (between about 300 and 550 psi) employing a tight semipermeable membrane, to produce a fresh product water containing less than 2,000 ppm TDS, and preferably a potable water containing less than 1,000 ppm TDS.
1. A multistage reverse osmosis process for converting a saline feed solution containing about 28,000 to 40,000 ppm TDS to water containing less than 2,000 ppm TDS; in which the improvement comprises:
a. in an initial stage reducing the salinity of the feed solution by reverse osmosis to produce an intermediate product water containing from one-fourth to one-half the total dissolved solids content of the original feed solution at a flux of at least about 6 gallons per square foot of membrane area per day by employing an operating pressure between about 300 and 550 psi, and a loose semipermeable membrane characterized by a membrane constant between about 4�10-5 and 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos.; and
b. in a subsequent stage reducing the salinity of the intermediate product water from the initial stage to produce a final product water containing less than 2,000 ppm total dissolved solids employing an operating pressure between about 300 and 550 psi and a tight semipermeable membrane characterized by a membrane constant between about 2�10-5 and 4�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos.
2. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 1, in which the said initial stage loose semipermeable membrane is characterized by a membrane constant between about 6�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. and 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos.
3. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 1, in which said initial stage operating pressure is between about 400 and 550 psi.
4. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 1, in which said initial stage operating pressure is between about 400 and 550 psi and said subsequent stage operating pressure is between about 400 and 550 psi.
5. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 1, in which the said initial stage is operated at a pressure below 550 psi until the permeate output rate of said initial stage semipermeable membrane falls to a predetermined proportion of its initial steady state rate, and then the operating pressure is raised periodically and incrementally to restore permeate output rate until said pressure reaches about 550 psi.
6. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 1, in which the operating pressure employed in said initial stage is substantially the same as the operating pressure employed in said subsequent stage.
7. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 1, in which the operating pressure employed in said subsequent stage is sufficiently higher than the operating pressure employed in said initial stage so that concentrate released from said second stage can be returned into the pressurized feed of said initial stage without additional pressurization.
8. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 1, in which the leakage rate of a membrane cartridge employed in said initial stage is up to about 10% and the leakage rate of a membrane cartridge employed in said subsequent stage is up to about 1%.
9. A multistage reverse osmosis process according to claim 8, in which the leakage rate of a membrane cartridge employed in said initial stage, and of a membrane cartridge employed in said subsequent stage, is up to about 1%.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending application, Ser. No. 382,909, filed July 26, 1973, and now abandoned.
1. The Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the recovery of fresh or potable water from a high salt content feed solution, such as sea water, by reverse osmosis.
2. The Prior Art
Reverse osmosis has emerged from its previous status as a scientific curiosity to a practical reality. Its commercial use, however, has thus far been generally in equipment for purifying brackish and relatively low solute content waters. Problems arise in purifying sea water because of the high pressures required, the corrosive nature of sea water, and the need for a very low by-pass type membrane assembly. High pressure results in compaction of the membrane, which lowers the membrane water flux performance, and requires use of expensive, high-strength components which, even with technically successful units, has resulted in high capital costs.
Two general approaches have been proposed or tried for conversion of sea water by reverse osmosis. One approach has been to attempt to convert sea water in one stage directly to fresh or potable water. This has required high pressures (of the order of 800 to 1,200 psi or more) and very tight membranes to provide the salt rejection required, i.e., over 99%, in order to reduce the nominal 35,000 ppm TDS (total dissolved solids) content in the original sea water to, for example, below 1,000 or 500 ppm, which is acceptable as potable water. Purified water flux through such tight membranes is lowered, hence, membrane life is sharply curtailed by compaction caused by the extremely high pressure. An advantage of this approach is that, under the right conditions, a single stage sea water conversion unit might be built at less capital cost than a two stage plant which requires essentially duplicate equipment and generally a somewhat greater amount of total membrane area, since the feed water must pass through two membranes before reaching the desired product quality. This is somewhat offset by designing for higher unit water fluxes in the two stage units.
Multiple stage plants heretofore employed or proposed have employed tight membranes (rejection of 95% or higher) and high pressure (of the order of 800 psi to 1,200 psi) in a first stage to produce an intermediate product water containing in the order of 2,500 to 5,000 ppm TDS, which can be readily treated in a second stage as a type of brackish water. The first stage product flux under these conditions has been greater than in the single stage design, and the intermediate product water can be treated by commercially available reverse osmosis units and membranes used for treating brackish water. This type of two stage process, however, still suffers from the high pressure, expensive construction material, and membrane life problems of the single stage design; and additionally must bear the additional capital cost of the second stage equipment.
Typical of such operation is the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,457,170, in which a pressure of 800 psi is employed in the first stage and a pressure of 500 psi is employed in the second stage. Quite distinct from this, Applicant employs low pressures within similar ranges for both stages, rather than the high pressure first stage and lower pressure following stage, and eliminates the need for any operation above about 550 psi. Moreover, Applicant employs a loose type of membrane in his first stage and a tight membrane in his second stage, which is counter to prior art teachings that tight membranes and high pressures should be employed for treatment of high salt content solutions.
The process of this invention solves problems encountered in prior art sea water conversion processes and makes possible use of low pressures and inexpensive materials in a multiple stage process to realize extended membrane life, improved production rates, and low cost.
Summarized briefly, this invention comprises a multistage reverse osmosis process for converting a saline feed solution containing about 28,000 to 40,000 ppm TDS (total dissolved solids) to water containing less than 2,000 ppm TDS, and preferably potable water of less than 1,000 ppm TDS.
In the initial or first stage, the salinity of the feed solution is reduced to produce an intermediate product water or permeate containing from one-fourth to one-half the total dissolved solids content of the feed solution, employing an operating pressure of between about 300 and 550 psi, and employing a loose semipermeable membrane characterized by a membrane constant between about 4�10-5 and 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec atmos, preferable between about 6�10-5 and 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec atmos.
In a subsequent or second stage, the intermediate product water or permeate from the initial stage is employed as the feed solution and its total dissolved solids content is reduced to produce a final product water permeable containing less than 2,000 ppm TDS, and preferably less than 1,000 or even 500 ppm TDS, employing an operating pressure of between about 300 and 550 psi and employing a tight semipermeable membrane characterized by a membrane constant between about 2�10-5 and 4�10-5 g/cm2 sec atmos.
Preferred operating pressures are between about 400 and 550 psi for both stages.
The apparatus employed, including the pumps with required capabilities, and semipermeable membranes of critical characteristics as specified, results in efficient operating of both initial and subsequent stages at pressures low enough to avoid deterious compaction of the membranes, and to permit employment of low cost construction materials while maintaining a high production rate of purified or potable final product water.
The reverse osmosis process of this invention may be applied to the treatment of a solution containing a high solute content and which is not amenable to reverse osmosis processes heretofore used for purification of brackish waters, most of which contain up to about 5,000 ppm, more or less, TDS (total dissolved solids). The process of this invention is useful for purifying solutions containing from about 28,000 to 40,000 ppm TDS to reduce their salinity to below 2,000 ppm TDS, which may be considered a useful grade of fresh water, and preferably below 1,000 ppm TDS, or as low as 500 ppm TDS, to meet public health standards for potable water. Sea water is a highly saline solution, available in unlimited quantities and contains generally about 35,000 ppm TDS.
The initial or first stage of the process of this invention is operated at an operating pressure between about 300 and 550 psi. This pressure range is critical because at operating pressures above 550 psi, membranes, even of most modern type, tend to compact and show serious loss of solute separation efficiency, while pressures below 300 psi will not produce acceptable flux rates for commercial applications. Additionally, 550 psi is about the maximum pressure that can be used in apparatus fabricated of many relatively low cost materials such as even recently developed plastics.
The subsequent or second stage of the process of this invention is also operated at an operating pressure between about 300 psi and 550 psi, and this range is also critical for the same reasons as those for initial stage membranes operation. Preferred operating pressures are between about 400 and 550 psi for both initial and subsequent stages. The higher pressures within the broad range provides proportionately greater driving force, that is the difference between the osmotic pressure difference between the original feed and intermediate product water and the final product water, and the subsequent stage module operating pressure. Thus, for example, a Δπ (difference between osmotic pressure of feed and osmotic pressure of product water) of 180 psi subtracted from an operating pressure of 300 psi will provide a driving force of 120 psi, but an operating pressure of 500 psi will provide a driving force of 320 psi against the same Δπ. The driving force increase is more critical in the initial stage where the osmotic pressure of the feed solution is extremely high.
The characteristics of the membranes employed in the initial and subsequent stages are also essential and critical in the process of this invention. The initial stage membrane may be fabricated of any suitable material (and a number of such materials are known in the art) provided its membrane constant is between about 4�10-5 and 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. and preferably between about 6�10-5 and 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. with suitable salt rejection. This constant, representing an indication of the salt rejection and flux of a membrane tested under standard conditions at various pressures, is, in the art, taken as the water permeation constant discussed in Ulrich Merten's book, Desalination by Reverse Osmosis, published by the M. I. T. Press, 1966, particularly Chapter 1, Section 2.4 pages 44 to 51. It is a more scientific and precise indicator of membrane operating capabilities than the salt rejection and gallons per square foot per day criteria often employed. A constant between about 4�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atoms. and 15� 10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. will correspond generally to a membrane salt rejection of between about 80% and 40%, and water flux in the range of 6 to 25 gallons per square foot per day of membrane area employing a 1,000 ppm NaCl feed solution at 100 psi pressure. Membranes of lower membrane constant than about 4�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. will not produce sufficient water flux to provide useful volumes of intermediate product water in an initial stage, while membranes of membrane constant higher than 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. will not provide sufficient salt rejection to reduce the feed TDS content to between one-quarter to one-half of its originally high level. Membranes for the subsequent stage must have a lower membrane constant, that is between about 2�10-5 and 4�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos., which will ensure a salt rejection of over 90%, to provide final product water below 2,000 ppm TDS at reasonable flux rates.
For an initial stage, a membrane of membrane constant between about 6�10-5 and 15�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. is preferred because such a membrane will produce a greater flux (volume of intermediate product water) while still reducing the total solids content of the highly saline feed to from one-quarter to one-half of its original content.
Table 1, which follows, provides examples illustrating the practice of the process of this invention. A first or initial stage spiral wound membrane cartridge, identified as E639, contained a semipermeable membrane of membrane constant of 14�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. Tested at 100 psi operating pressure using a 1,000 ppm NaCl feed solution, it showed a salt rejection of 68%, which would support its general classification as a "loose" membrane. A second or subsequent stage spiral wound membrane cartridge, identified as 790, contained a semipermeable membrane of membrane constant of 2.1�10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. Tested at 100 psi operating pressure using a 1,000 ppm NaCl feed solution, it showed a salt rejection of 90.1%, which would support its classification as a "tight" membrane.
TABLE 1______________________________________1st StageFeed - Filtered sea water of 35,000 ppm.Membrane - Cellulose triacetate. Membrane constant 14 �10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. Salt rejection 68% at 100 psi using1000 ppm NaCl test solution. Cartridge E 639. Intermediate IntermediateOperating Product Water Salt Product WaterPressure Flux Rejection Salt Content______________________________________308 psi 14.9 gal/ft2 day 58.4% 15,000 ppm TDS360 19.2 63.6 13,100402 21.9 64.8 12,9002nd StageFeed - 15,000 ppm TDS intermediate product from 1st stage.Membrane - Cellulose diacetate, heat treated. Membrane con-stant 2.1 � 10-5 g/cm2 sec. atmos. Salt rejection 90.1%at100 psi using 1000 ppm NaCl test solution. Cartridge 790.Operating Product Water Salt Product WaterPressure Flux Rejection Salt Content______________________________________302 psi 6.5 gal/ft2 day 93.9% 644 ppm TDS350 7.9 95.1 511400 9.74 95.7 455448 11.1 95.7 448______________________________________
It will be seen from Table 1 that the process of this invention can produce first stage intermediate product water permeate containing from 12,900 to 15,000 ppm TDS (between one-fourth and one-half that of the 35,000 ppm sea water feed) at operating pressures of 308 to 402 psi (within the range of 300 to 550 psi), producing 14.9 to 21.9 gallons per square foot of membrane area per day. It will also be seen that the second stage can produce final product water permeate containing 644 to 448 ppm TDS (less than 1,000 ppm, and less than 500 ppm TDS, respectively) at operating pressure of 302 to 448 (within the range 300 to 550 psi) producing 6.5 to 11.1 gal/ft2 of potable water.
The membranes employed in the practice of this invention are of the reverse osmosis type and depend for transport of solvent through the membrane on pressure applied to reverse a normal osmotic flow. They are not of the type employed for ultrafiltration, which provides high flux at relatively low operating pressure, but which act in the nature of a sieve for retaining large and high molecular weight ions and small particles, while allowing flow-through of solvent. While membranes of cellulose triacetate and heat treated cellulose diacetate have been described for membranes for the first and second stages, respectively, membranes made from other materials such as polyamides, polyimides and ethyl cellulose, and which may or may not be heat treated, may be employed provided they have equivalent operating characteristics indicated by the membrane constant expressed as employed herein as grams of permeate produced per square centimeter of membrane area per second per atmosphere of pressure applied. Membranes of cellulose triacetate or blends of cellulose di- and triacetate of average 41% acetyl will be suitable for initial stage membrane material; and these, if desired, may be partially heat treated, say at about 75� C. For subsequent stage membrane material, fully heat treated (85�-90�) cellulose diacetate of 39.8% acetyl content will be found satisfactory.
The operating pressure ranges for the initial and subsequent stages of the process of this invention in combination with the semipermeable membranes of particular characteristics described are critical to obtain the improved operation as shown in the examples of Table 1. Lower than about 300 psi operating pressure will not generate sufficient driving force to produce adequate flux of the intermediate product water through the loose membrane employed in the initial stage, nor will this pressure produce adequate flux through the tight membrane of the subsequent stage. Higher than 550 psi operating pressure may initially produce higher flux rates temporarily, but membrane compaction increased so that initial high production will be substantially reduced after a few weeks or months of operation. This effect, and the criticality of the 550 psi upper limit is especially important in the initial stage in which the loose type membrane has been found to be even more susceptible to compaction and loss of operating efficiency at pressures over 550 psi. Additionally, for both initial and subsequent stages, operation not above 550 psi permits safe use of known standard components with operating experience, and further allows many parts of the apparatus to be fabricated of inexpensive through strong and corrosion resistant plastic materials, thus saving substantial expense for strong and corrosion resistant metal alloys such as stainless steel.
Applicant's process and the apparatus employed provide a novel approach to purification of highly saline solutions such as sea water to produce a fresh water product of generally under 2,000 ppm TDS. It has heretofore been considered that to purify such a solution, a driving pressure for efficient separation must exceed the osmotic pressure of the solute in the solution; and to provide a potable water product, or an initial stage intermediate product of low salt content, a membrane of very high salt rejection characteristics would have to be employed. But Applicant proceeds counter to these principles. He has discovered that a loose membrane can be operated at low pressure (300-550 psi) to produce a relatively high salt content intermediate product water permeate (one-fourth to one-half salt content of the feed); and that this intermediate product water can be treated using a tight membrane also at low pressure to produce a less than 2,000 ppm TDS final product permeate. Operation of the initial stage is unique in that efficient operation may be achieved even when the operating pressure is below the osmotic pressure of the salt in the original feed solution, which is about 365 psi for sea water; pressures as low as 308 psi produced efficient separation as seen in Table 1 above. Even when pressures in the upper and preferred portion of the recited pressure range are employed, that is between about 400 and 550 psi, the net driving force above the 365 psi previously accepted minimum is only 35 to 185 psi. The basic reason for efficient operation at these lower operating pressure is that a loose membrane is employed to produce a relatively high salt content initial stage permeate, that is one containing from about one-quarter to one-half that of the feed solution salt content. This may be as high as about 20,000 ppm, or 17,500 ppm for a 35,000 ppm sea water feed. Under these conditions, the necessary driving force to reduce 35,000 ppm to 17,500 ppm, for example, is very much less than that required to reduce the feed to what has been heretofore considered substantially purified permeate containing say a few hundred ppm, or at most, a few thousand ppm TDS. Therefore, when using a loose initial stage membrane, the practical driving force requirement is not based on the osmotic pressure of the solute in the feed, but the difference between the osmotic pressure of the solute in the feed and the osmotic pressure of the solute in the permeate (the intermediate product water). Thus, using again the example of a sea water feed of 35,000 ppm TDS reduced to 17,500 ppm in the initial stage, the osmotic pressure of the solute in the feed would be 365 psi, but the osmotic pressure of the solute in the permeate would be about 180 psi leaving a required minimum driving force of only about 185 psi. As a result, the pressure range of this invention of between about 300 and 550 psi is seen to provide adequate driving force over and above the necessary minimum for initial stage operation, employing the specified type of membrane to produce the specified salt content permeate. In a subsequent stage, a tight membrane of low membrane constant (high salt rejection) can produce efficient purification of the first stage intermediate product water, particularly in the higher portion of the pressure range defined.
In an additional embodiment of this invention, the initial stage may be operated at a pressure somewhat below 550 psi until the semipermeable membrane output rate falls to a predetermined proportion of its initial steady state rate. Then the operating pressure is raised periodically and incrementally to restore membrane output rate until an operating pressure of about 550 psi is reached. This procedure ensures longest operating periods at lowest pressure to produce a desired output rate, and results in substantial increase in overall useful membrane life. For example, operation using a sea water feed for the initial stage according to the examples in Table 1, at about 400 psi could produce up to 25 gallons of intermediate product per square foot of membrane area per day. When, due to normal deterioration, membrane output drops to a predetermined value, say 90% of an original 25 gallons per square foot per day, operating pressure is raised by about 25 to 50 psi to restore the original output rate. After another period of operation when output has fallen again to about 90%, another incremental increase in pressure is employed for an additional period. Periodical and incremental pressure increases are employed until a final operating pressure of 550 psi is reached. After a long period at this pressure, fall in output to 90% signals the gradually approaching end of the membrane useful life. The total membrane life under these conditions is, however, longer than if initial and continued operation had been at a steady state higher pressure. The pressure increase increment has been selected as described above at about 25 to 50 psi; however, the increment (and corresponding period of operation) may be of any useful magnitude and may be reduced to a small fraction to produce essentially continuous correction obtained by suitable automatic control apparatus, as will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
Several advantages accrue in the practice of the process of this invention. Employment of lower pressure, especially in the first stage, and also in the second stage, permits use of a tremendous amount of experience that has been accumulated in employment of such pressures in treatment of brackish water by reverse osmosis. Materials, pressure vessels, membrane design and construction, membrane cartridge design and assembly, and instrumentation, for example, have all been well developed for brackish water plants of commercial size and large capacity operating in the range of about 500 to 600 psi. Pressures from about 300 to 550 psi also allow use of more widely available and often less expensive materials of construction than are required for operation at 800 psi and above. Many components can be fabricated of modern high strength plastics instead of more expensive and heavier metal alloys, such as stainless steel. Pumps have been designed and developed particularly for the brackish water pressure range and millions of hours of operating experience is available. Pumps for a higher pressure range are most often modified to satisfy these requirements at increased cost and with limited operating experience. It is of significant advantage therefore that the first stage of Applicant's process can successfully treat high solute feed (such as sea water) at low pressures heretofore employed for feed in a radically lower range of salt content.
Low pressure operation of the initial stage of this invention is especially valuable in its effect on membrane life, that is the ability to maintain operating efficiency over a long period of time. All asymmetric reverse osmosis membranes, as of cellulose acetate and other materials such as polyamides, sulphones, etc., encounter some compaction effects at pressures above 400 psi. These effects become severe at about 600 psi and even more severe at pressure of 800 psi and above. This effect may be illustrated by a so-called compaction curve which is well known in the art and has been described in published technical literature. A compaction curve shows the reduction in membrane efficiency represented by water flux rate, for operation at various pressures over an extended period of time. Such curves show straight lines on a log-log plot in which the flux of a typical membrane is plotted against time. Such compaction curves show very clearly that up to about 400 psi the compaction curve is substantially level and no significant reduction of flux occurs even after long periods of time. At about 550 psi at 10,000 hours (almost a year), compaction has affected the flux so that only about 60-70% of the initial flux is being produced. This is about the limit of commercial acceptability. At pressures higher than about 550 psi, for example 600 psi, the flux after 10,000 hours is approaching about 50% of the initial flux. The exact slope of curves for specific membranes and conditions (such as temperature) may differ but the general effect is the same. Because of difficulty of operating at pressures of the order of 800 psi and higher, and the extremely short membrane life due to premature compaction, little long life data is available for these conditions.
When membranes of the type and characteristics specified are operated in a multi-stage process as described, an expected membrane life of at least a number of thousand hours should be obtained.
I have also found that low pressures employed in according to this invention makes possible the use of an extremely valuable type of backing or spacer material employed in so-called spiral wound cartridges. This material is a plastic tricot fabric which is effective and available at reasonable cost and is efficient at pressures below 600 psi but cannot be effectively used at pressures of about 600 psi and above. Employment of pressures in the 300 to 550 psi range of this invention avoids additional costs for thicker and more expensive spacer material and probably requires greater unit volume for equivalent area. It is to be stressed that applicant's low pressure ranges employed in his multi stage process must be used in conjunction with the specific membranes described to provide the capability of reducing the salinity of the feed to between one-fourth and one-half its original salt content in the first stage and down to less than 2,000 ppm TDS in a subsequent stage.
All reverse osmosis cartridge (for example a spiral wound "cartridge" consists of membrane, spacer and permeate transfer leaves spirally wound around a central permeate collector tube) are subject to certain mechanical failures such as leakage and fouling even though these may be very small. Leakage is considered to be the amount of flow through defects of such size and type that no salt separation occurs. These may be very small holes or cracks in spiral wound cartridges, or broken fibers in hollow fine fiber cartridges. Cartridges of the current state of the art, used for brackish water, will show leakage rates of from 1 to about 2%. For special uses, such as conversion of sea water in a one stage process or a high pressure first stage of a two stage process, or high bacteria removal (e.g. 3 log reduction) it is necessary to reduce the cartridge leakage to about 0.1%, that is only 0.1% of the feed may pass through content. This degree of performance has not yet been achieved on an acceptable yield basis.
Considering a 1,000 psi single stage sea water conversion with a 99.2% conductivity reduction, which is a typical value, the permeate quality will show the following values for differring leakage conditions.
______________________________________ Total Permeate PPM Permeate PPM PermeateLeakage Through Membrane Through Leakage PPM______________________________________0% 400 0 4000.1% 400 50 4501% 400 500 900______________________________________
Thus a 1% leakage cannot be tolerated since the ppm of the permeate will be doubled over that obtainable for 0.1% leakage and a product of 500 ppm TDS cannot be obtained. As can be seen, the amount of leakage allowable is extremely small.
In the two stage process of this invention using the same sea water feed and operated at 500 psi both stages, with 50% water recovery, and 80% salt rejection in the first stage, and 98.5% rejection in the second stage (both typical examples) the average salt concentration of the feed-brine will be about 50,000 ppm in the first stage and about 15,000 ppm in the second stage. The leakage effect is shown below:
______________________________________ TotalLeakage 2nd Stage Permeate PPM Permeate1st Stage 2nd Stage thru membrane thru leakage ppm______________________________________0% 0% 225 0 2250.1% 0.1% 225 23 2481% 1% 225 153 37810% 1% 375 153 528______________________________________
Thus a two stage system according to this invention can tolerate up to about 1% leakage in both 1st and 2nd stages can still achieve a high grade potable water product of less than 500 ppm. Furthermore the 1st stage can be operated with a 10% leakage and still almost meet the 500 ppm high purity water criterian. This is obviously a tremendous improvement over the low leakage tolerance of the high pressure single stage process, which is shown previously can only tolerate about 0.1% leakage. Moreover the critical leakage rate for the second stage may be up to about 1%, and for this specification the membrane and its cartridge may be essentially the same as for current brackish water cartridges used in substantial numbers.
The two stage process of this invention additionally makes possible greater freedom in selecting membrane types. It is much easier to make a membrane of about 90% rejection, for example, than one of say over 99% rejection required for high purity water production in a single stage. The measure of difference in difficulty is the percent salt transmission allowed, which would be about 10% compared to about 1%. Since the salt transmission may be relatively high in the first stage of the process of this invention and is not unduly restricted even in the second stage, a number of types of membranes may be employed with satisfactory efficiency and produced with acceptable difficulty.
The capital costs of the single compared to the multiple stage process may be about the same, the increased cost for the higher pressure pumping equipment in a single stage may be offset by the cost of the larger number of cartridges used in a two stage system. However, in the process of this invention, lower pressures in both stages may effect economies, and similar pressures required for both stages may produce a significant saving in requirements for spare parts, maintenance, and for maintenance for stand-by pumping units operating at the same or similar pressures. While these advantages are obtained when both stage pressures are substantially the same, an alternative, but none the less important advantage, may accrue if the subsequent stage operating pressure is higher than the initial stage operating pressure, and sufficiently higher so that the concentrate from the subsequent stage (or a portion of it) may be returned to an mixed with the already pressurized feed introduced into the initial stage without additional pressurization. For example if a subsequent stage is operated at 550 psi and the initial stage is operated at 500 psi, concentrate released from the subsequent stage at say 515 psi may be introduced directly into the pressurized feed entering the initial stage. Because the second stage concentrate pressure will be higher than the initial stage entering feed pressure, no additional pressurization will be required to recycle subsequent stage concentrate, resulting in a substantial saving of recycle pumping power.
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Oh my! The whole design of this room is gorgeous !
I love how seamless the nightstands are with this design.
ma dream room
Perhaps a night light?! ; )
Can you imagine stubbing your toe on that thing?..
Oh jeez, The_Camber, but wouldnt the pain be so worth it? sure, after the first week itd be stained, but its a gorgeous bed. Oh, and think about bumping your head on the lamp, or rolling over onto the nightstand and taking half the wall with it XD
i want it, but i would never want to have to move it to a new home
i love low platform beds need to find me the right one
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August 6, 2011
One of the first things you learn to make in culinary school is chicken stock. It is the basis to a myriad of dishes including most soups and sauces. It is an essential technique that every cook should know. I understand we are busy people but it is really worth the time and effort (plus, you can make a large batch and freeze it). Watch the is video and learn how to make chicken stock from scratch.
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Bradley E. Scott, 55, formerly of Wolf Lake, died Wednesday, April 13, 2011 at IU Health Arnett, Lafayette. He was living at Milner Community Health Care in Rossville.
He was born Jan. 15, 1956 in Noble County, a son of the late John H. and Evelyn L. (Oliver) Scott.
Surviving relatives include his wife, Maria and a daughter, Angie Scott.
George R. Corkwell, 91, of Ellenton, Fla., and also of Albion, died Saturday, April 9, 2011, at Sarasota Memorial Hospital in Sarasota, Fla.
Mr. Corkwell was a die setter for General Electric in Fort Wayne for 18 years, retiring in 1982.
He was a World War II veteran of the United States Army serving as staff sergeant in the 38th Division, receiving three Purple Hearts.
He was a member of the Big Lake Church of God in Columbia City.
Danny Lee Bolinger, 56, of Columbia City, passed away at 12:05 a.m. Wednesday, April 13, 2011 at Parkview Hospital, Fort Wayne. Born Dec. 11, 1954 in Huntington, he was a son of Bill D. and Marylyn J. (Geiger) Bolinger.
A lifetime Columbia City resident, he graduated with the Class of 1973 from Columbia City Joint High School. On May 21, 1977 he married Michelle Trimmer at First Church of God, Columbia City. For 28 years, he worked as a welder for Dana Corporation, Syracuse.
Frederick G.C. Gaff, 64, of Churubusco, passed away at 11:58 a.m. Tuesday, April 12, 2011 at his residence. Born Oct. 31, 1946 in Wolf Lake, he was a son of Paul Joseph and Joyce N. (Newman) Gaff.
Donald J. "Tod" Pressler, 81, a resident of Churubusco, passed away unexpectedly at 10:05 a.m. Tuesday, April 12, 2011, at the family residence, from the results of an apparent heart attack.
Julia Mabel Snodgrass, 98, of Columbia City, died at 11:05 a.m. Monday, April 11, 2011 at Miller's Merry Manor where she had been a resident since March 18.
She was born Feb. 11, 1913 in Columbia City, a daughter of Melvin and Alice (Lower) Schumaker. She graduated from Columbia City High School in 1930 and graduated from Indiana University in 1934.
She taught school at Beech Grove for six years. In 1954 she started teaching Latin and English at Columbia City High School, retiring in 1974 with 20 years of service.
Terry R. Miller, 53, a resident of Churubusco, passed away unexpectedly at 4:52 a.m. Thursday, April 7, 2011 at Lutheran Hospital in Fort Wayne.
Gregory W. Suelzer, 54, of Fort Wayne, died Sunday evening, April 10, 2011 in the emergency room of St. Joe Hospital. He had been in failing health.
He was born April 25, 1956 in Quebec, Canada. A son of William F. and Esther J. (Walda) Suelzer, his formative years were spent in Fort Wayne. He graduated from Bishop Dwenger High School.
He was employed over 15 years at Doswell Kover Vault Company.
Surviving relatives include his sister, Julianne (Charles) Strack of Columbia City; a niece and a nephew, Jacqueline Butcher and Adam Strack.
Martha E. Kessler, 77, of Churubusco died at 12 p.m. Saturday, April 9, 2011 at Heritage Park Nursing Home, Fort Wayne. Born May 19, 1933 in Noble County, she was a daughter of Ernest and Evelyn (Stewart) Graves.
She attended school in Wolf Lake. On July 4, 1953 she married Robert Lee Kessler in Churubusco. She was a homemaker and mother, raising their two daughters.
Ruby L. Peoples, 89, of Fort Wayne, widow of Wayne Peoples, died Friday, April 8, 2011 at Bethlehem Woods Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, Fort Wayne.
She was born Oct. 15, 1921 in Cleveland Township, a daughter of the late Rollo and Dessie (Tyner) Steele.
The funeral service will be held at 10 a.m. Tuesday at Smith & Sons Miller Chapel, South Whitley. Visitation will be 6 to 8 p.m. Monday at the funeral home. The burial will be in the South Whitley Cemetery.
Preferred memorials are to Sudan Interior Missions (SIM). Condolences may be sent to www.smithandsonsfuneralhome.com.


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Randall Shinn composes operas and concert music. Reviewers have called his music passionate, stunning, and spell-binding.
His works have been described as sensual, powerfully expressive, and as having a sensation of physical motion. One reviewer wrote that he integrates "modern music and language with more familiar classical styles to create a sound that is uniquely his." Other reviewers have described his works as lyrical, sophisticated, and lusciously beautiful.
Shinn has written original librettos for three operas. His interest in the theater spills over into a general interest in imagination, illusion, and magical atmosphere. For two years he was chief correspondent for DeepGlamour.net, where he wrote posts about various aspects of glamour (including its older meaning of enchantment and magic). His Musings here on randallshinn.com discuss his aesthetic preferences.


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Person who is baked 9/10ths of the day.
The two young stoners in lake padgett are mega-bakers.
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- Age / Gender:
- 19, Male
- Location:
- United States
- Joined:
- 9/23/13
- All Stats >
I like to make funny noises and voices with my throat hole. Woopity ding dang doo.
User Statshot
- Community Stats
Level 9 Voice Actor
Normal Whistle
Ranked as Scout
Contact Info / Websites
- Skype
- CartoonMayhem
Latest Audio Submissions
|Jeepers! A Demo Reel Thing!
|Voice Demo Voice
|Impression of Edatlin
|Comedy Voice
|Worth Dying For
|Comedy Voice
|Wild West Rodeo
|Comedy Voice
Latest Movies
Awesome Guy Episode 3 Rated Stars Awesome Guy gets himself into trouble... again Drama Roomies: The Visitor Rated Stars The Roomies are back and on their next adventure! Comedy - Original Awesome Guy Episode 2 Rated Stars the second episode of My animated series Drama Anime Shenanigans - Cake Rated Stars Pharaoh just wanted his cake... Comedy - Parody
Favorite Audio
|Fresh Pepperoni
|Drama Voice
|Anamorphic Flare
|General Rock Song
|°°Most Important Mission°°
|Miscellaneous Song
|General Rock Song
Favorite Art
Favorite Movies
Tail's Halloween Rated 4.0497 Stars Tails goes out trick-or-treating alone when someone follows Comedy - Parody Glitch is a humanoid Rated 3.2070 Stars Glitch sings a silly song about being a humanoid by Renard Queenston Music Video Theres a Man in the Woods Rated 4.6631 Stars A rumor at an elementary school spirals out of control. Drama Wanna Hear a Secret? Rated 3.6942 Stars Pffft Comedy - Original
Recent Game Medals
08 Artistic Potential 5 Points prostration Medal Stats.
02 The Least Interesting Man in the World 5 Points well! what is it! Medal Stats.
Yay! 10 Points You don't suck... too much. Medal Stats.
Rookie 5 Points Clear Pixelo tutorials Medal Stats.
First Outbreak 10 Points Use Shadow's Limit for the first time Medal Stats.
Welcome to the Jungle 5 Points Explore the jungle area Medal Stats.
Lucky 25 Points Collect 3 stars Medal Stats.
Winner 5 Points Complete 1 level Medal Stats.
Wrecking Ball 5 Points Die first time Medal Stats.
Adventure Time! 10 Points Start new game Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 47 (From 12 different games.)
Favorite Games
Lakeview Cabin Rated 4.2547 Stars Enjoy a peaceful weekend at your beautiful lakeview cabin. Action - Other The Visitor Rated 4.3590 Stars An interactive horror adventure Adventure - Point 'n Click Pussy Adam Rated 1.6957 Stars Our first game... Action - Platformer - Other ZombiePalooza Rated 2.8337 Stars Gun down hundreds of zombies and shoot for the highest score! Action - Shooter - Tube / Rail


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Black Friday Special!
This Freeman Combo features three guns and a compressor.
Limited Supplies! $169.99
Teknatool Products 15% Off
Now is the best time of the year to get your NOVA and Teknatool fix!
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WoodRiver® 12" F Clamps now $3.99 each.
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Product Information:
The Freeman PCN65 Siding Nailer can be used for variety of applications, including cedar shingles, roof and wall sheathing, siding installation, wood box assembly, and fencing. It shoots 15 degree nails ranging in size from 1-1/4" to 2-1/2". The body of this gun is constructed of die-cast magnesium making it lightweight and durable.
The Freeman 15 degree 2 1/2" Coil Siding Nailer includes reversible belt hook, one piece driver blade, trigger with safety lock, oil, and wrenches.
See 'Ships Direct from Manufacturer link for warranty and return details.
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©2014 by Woodcraft Supply LLC


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Good communication with managers is a big factor in helping employees feel satisfied with their jobs
Welles: The dynamics of technology
Government information technology workers are happy campers, generally satisfied with what they do and where they work, according to Federal Computer Week's annual "Best Agencies for Federal IT Workers." FCW defines the best agencies as the ones with the most satisfied employees. Other recent surveys have examined leadership in best-of-class organizations and found similar results.
In the FCW survey, among management factors, a "good relationship with management," "flexible work arrangements," and a "strong belief in management's vision of the agency's mission" contributed most to worker satisfaction.
Researchers at the Human Resource Institute (HRI) in Tampa and St. Petersburg, Fla., support those findings. Communication with managers and within an organization can help improve job satisfaction, said Jay Jamrog, the institute's executive director. The biggest part of communication is building relationships, he said.
Reaching a common understanding with managers, especially on the question of why do the work — the mission vision — brings a sense of the importance of the work, Jamrog said. Feeling that what we do is important makes the work more satisfying.
FCW found that employees who feel challenged and think they are making a difference tend to be satisfied in their jobs. Among technology factors, the "opportunity to manage complex projects," "use of leading-edge technology," and the "ability to upgrade technology skills" were most critical to worker satisfaction in the FCW survey.
Those findings are no surprise to researchers at the National Leadership Institute at the University of Maryland University College. In a recent presentation, Carol Dell'Amore, the institute's executive director, cited surveys showing that challenging work, rather than salary, is what motivates employees.
A related question is how best-in-class organizations develop leaders. What leadership competencies are most important today and will be most important in 10 years?
The American Management Association and HRI addressed those questions in their "Leading into the Future" survey of 1,573 executives. Most survey respondents were from corporations, but some represented government.
In government, the main barriers to developing leaders are a lack of rewards for leadership development and a lack of measures for leadership behavior, according to the AMA/HRI survey. Despite the government's emphasis on performance metrics, measuring leadership qualities and behaviors has taken a back seat. But measuring behaviors might provide some incentives for change.
Leadership behaviors, for example, may have been a factor in responses to the FCW survey. Employees who felt passed over because of favoritism or felt underappreciated by managers indicated low job satisfaction.
If the best agencies want to remain at the top, they will need strong leaders. According to the AMA/HRI survey, the leadership competencies that will be most important for government in the next 10 years are the abilities to communicate well, foster innovation and creativity, and develop other leaders.
And technology is one of the primary factors influencing leadership and the pace of change.
Welles is a retired federal employee who has worked in the public and private sectors. She lives in Bethesda, Md., and writes about work life topics for Federal Computer Week. She can be reached at email@example.com.
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Steve Kelman considers the costs of corruption in Mexico, China, and most developing countries -- and argues that Americans should keep their own government troubles in perspective.
Agency leaders must proactively invest time, energy and resources to shape the future rather than reactively wait for change to happen.
Meet 24 men and women who are driving key changes in federal IT -- and shaping up as the community's likely leaders of tomorrow.
GSA's administrator talks with FCW about short-term hiring, long-term planning and Robert Frost.
Without a future vision and an appetite for risk, reforms lead down a rabbit hole. There is a better way.
VA's top tech official says he is balancing risks while trying to keep the department's online services open for business.
After five years on the job, the founding director of the Office of Government Information Services believes that a deeper understanding and acceptance of FOIA is seeping into the federal government.
The September attack, made public Nov. 10, potentially puts customer and employee personal information at risk, including addresses, Social Security numbers and emails.
The General Services Administration's Matthew Goodrich predicts more agency-driven authorizations and previews a new two-year road map.
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Slaying The Dragon 6 months removed from a catastrophic knee injury, Brandon squats with BOSS. Chest at Muscle Beach Featuring Roman "Rex" Fritz Roman gets a chest workout in at the legendary Muscle Beach. Squat like an ANIMAL Squat like an ANIMAL. Juiced Aminos Juiced Aminos Dan "BOSS" Green's Own Recipe: The Coffee Shake Protein and caffeine – what just about every last one of us who trains like an Animal lives on. On the Juice: Animal Juiced Aminos The all new Animal Juiced Aminos. Huge on a Hundred: Wrath Frank "Wrath" McGrath has a hundred to shop for a week's worth of groceries. Can he do it? Mass Meets Beauty Introducing Jason Huh, the newest Animal Athlete. Deep Impact: The CAGE 2014 Once a year, it comes... The Cage. The Animal Nation comes to town and Ohio is never the same. Animalpak.com/MILITARY Free care packages for those men and women stationed abroad and serving our country.
Copyright © 2014 Universal Nutrition.


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To determine if you passed the written portion please locate the last 4 digits of your SSN. If your number is posted then please complete the Police Officer Application attached at the bottom of this page. The Police Officer Application should be completed by December 10th. An official from the Police Department will contact you schedule a time to turn in your application.
Documents needed include:
High school and college transcript
Passport photo
Credit history report
Birth certificate Read More » about November 25th Police Test Results
Join us for an Old Town Christmas on Friday, December 5th and Saturday December 6th.
5:00 pm - Community Dinner at First United Methodist Church (free)
• Live Music
5:30 pm – Holiday Gala at Moore Public Library (free)
• Picture with Santa
• Cookie Decorating
• Ornament Exchange
• Holiday Karaoke
• Crafts
5:30 pm- 7:00 pm – Milk and Cookies with Santa Claus at Broadway Florist Read More » about Christmas in Old Town
The Moore Police Department will be holding a written and physical test for the position of police officer on November 25th at 5:00 PM. Go to the Moore High School field house located at 300 N Eastern (on the east side of the football stadium). Bring a photo ID and $15 for the written test. The physical test will be first and consist of 1 1/2 mile run in 15 min 20 sec. 300 meter sprint in 68 seconds, 18 pushups and 27 sit ups. You do not need to sign up in advance for the test. Read More » about Moore Police Now Hiring
For many Moore families, Christmas time is fun and exciting, with plenty of presents under the tree Christmas morning. But there are those in Moore where there is no guarantee of gifts for the kids. That's where the Moore Fire Department and the Santa Express program come in. Firefighters go shopping and buy toys for kids who are on a predetermined list, bag them up and send them off to their destination on a Moore fire truck.
New toys can be dropped off at any Moore Fire Station between Nov. 24th - Dec. 17th. Read More » about Moore Firefighters Santa Express
The Moore Police Department would like your help. We are starting a new program to help us in solving crimes and recover stolen property. Many homes and businesses are installing private security cameras. We are asking for your help in compiling a list of camera locations by having the owners register their system with the Moore Police Department. This program is completely voluntary and will not cost the owner any money. The information will then be utilized when a crime is reported in an area where we have a list of locations with cameras. The Police Department would then contact the owner and request a copy of their video footage to help develop leads in the investigation. There would be no cost to the individual or business as the Police Department would provide the necessary equipment to download the video footage. The information provided by the owner of the camera system will not be available to the public or subject to open records requests. Read More » about Private Security Camera Registration Program
1. For those who've not already found it, the 4th St rail crossing is now OPEN. And much smoother!
2. Construction that has been on-going in the SW19th & Broadway area will conclude either late this week or early next week. There will be no further work on 19th until after January 1st.
We are always looking for new ideas about how we can improve. Post your idea, share it with your online community to help it garner votes and attention. You can also vote, follow and comment on ideas that you support - you'll receive updates on them too!
Click here to let us know how you EnvisionMoore! Read More » about EnvisionMoore
Since last year's tornados, the OU Writing Center has been working to find a way to put its services to use in the community recovery efforts. The OU Writing Center's campus mission is to help students, faculty, and staff with a wide variety of campus-related writing projects. Beginning last July, the OU Writing Center has been offering three-day digital storytelling workshops to survivors, caregivers, and first responders of the May 2013 tornadoes. Read More » about Survivors in Motion - Digital Storytelling Workshop
The Cleveland County Health Department announced today its seasonal influenza vaccination clinic schedule for the upcoming flu season. Clinics will begin October 29th. Clinic days and times are as follows:
October 29th Monday-Friday 8:00am-5:00pm
The Norman and Moore Health Department's will be closed for holiday's on November 11th, November 27th, and November 28th and will not hold flu clinics on those dates.
Flu vaccine is recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older and will be available for anyone who wants to be protected from influenza. Read More » about Cleveland County Health Department Schedules Flu Vaccine Clinics
November 5, 2014 - Moore voters approved both propositions on the ballot for the 34th Street Bridge and the renewal of the half-cent sales tax for street improvements and public safety. Read More » about Two Propositions to be Decided on November Ballot


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- Adam's Wife, Her Sisters, Their MomAdam's wife shares sisters & mom with him. Her bro wants in.in Incest/Taboo
- Jacob's SurpriseFrom tragedy to bliss.in Incest/Taboo
- Sexting MistakeTexting a picture to mother-in-law leads down a new path.in Incest/Taboo
- The Mother-In-Law Ch. 03Our relationship grows as Marie explorers her sexuality.in Loving Wives


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Mustangs to host band competition
Date: November 6, 2009
by: Pam Eubanks | News Editor
Lakewood Ranch High School will host the 2009 Mustangs Music in Motion band competition Saturday night.
Thirteen bands will be performing in the event, which kicks off with the National Anthem at 6:15 p.m., Nov. 7, at the high school, 5500 Lakewood Ranch Blvd.
Braden River High School is scheduled to take the field at 8:15 p.m., while Lakewood Ranch High School for 9:15 p.m.
The evening will conclude with a performance by the University of South Florida Drum Line.
Admission to the event is $10.
Download the complete schedule here.
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- Nov
29 Dickey Betts & Great Southern Charity Concert
6:00 pm
- Nov
30 St. Andrews Day Celebration
3:00 pm - 4:30 pm
- Dec
2 Perlman Music Program/Suncoast Free Ticket Distribution at USFSM Rotunda for Winter Residency Musical Events
10:00 am - 2:00 pm
- Dec
2 Welsh Choir Concert
7:00 pm - 9:00 pm
Puppy paradise
Com has found a home!
Money man
Lakewood Ranch Town Hall's Finance Director Steve Zielinski is the community's money man, and he's got the cufflinks to prove it.
Observer on the hunt for displays
We're making our list of the best holiday lights displays in East County and checking it twice.


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Loved ones gather in Gateshead for candlelight vigil to remember tragic dad a year since his death
Friends and family visited the spot where John Averill was killed on Blaydon Bank, as loved ones campaign for safety improvements on the road
The problems on the Metro continue and look set to for some time, but it is currently all quiet on the region's roads (well, except the myriad roadworks that you already know about) and it's time for us to go and help put out a newspaper for your to read in the morning.More »
CELEBS: Comedian Chris Ramsay seems to have failed step one of going for a jog - leave the house!
More »
I was soooo close to just going on a jog… then I opened the fridge.— Chris Ramsey (@IAmChrisRamsey) November 26, 2014
TRAVEL: Things are not much better if you are travelling by mainline train with possible delays on Northern Rail between Sunderland and Newcastle due to a signalling problem.
TRAVEL: Ah, spoke to soon - the Metro service between Pelaw and South Shields has been upgraded from "suspended" to "having delays of 30 minutes."
TRAVEL: Service suspended on Tyne and Wear Metro between Pelaw and South Shields due to faulty train. Tickets being accepted on Go North East 27 services.
Here's a recap of today's top stories here on ChronicleLive.co.uk:
- Newcastle could be set for a Hooters bar where scantily-clad women serve the drinks
NEWS: When fun-loving Pauline Abbott turned 60 she decided to celebrate in style with a holiday of a lifetime - and a whopping 30 of her family joined her in Florida.More »
NEWS: A loving mum whose son was suffering from meningitis claims he was sent home with a dose of Calpol and Neurofen.More »
TRAFFIC: We've got a couple more busy spots on the regions roads. They are:More »
NEWS: This is the moment police swooped to arrest those suspected of plotting to burgle houses on Tyneside.More »
TRAFFIC: It's slow on the A1 southbound through the roadworks on the Western Bypass. Current journey time is more than 40 minutes.More »