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1963 Ford 8 Door Econoline Van Northwest Classic Auto Mall advertises this vehicle for the owner. If you are interested in this vehicle or have any... More
Full ground up restoration that has only been driven very few miles since completion. This all black 2+2 Fastback has been equipped with many... More
This 1966 Ford Mustang Coupe has a 289 C.I. (Date Code Correct) 4BBL V8, C4 Automatic Transmission, 9'' Rear End w/ 2.80:1 Ratio, Power... More
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1968 Ford Thunderbird LandauThis beautiful fully restored Thunderbird has under 600 miles on a rebuilt 429 thunderjet engine. We have owned this for the... More
This 2011 Ford Mustang GT has a 5.0 Liter (412 HP/390 Ft Lbs) Coyote V8, 6 Speed Manual Transmission, GT Premium Trim Package, Black... More
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When's the last time you saw a clean Ford Granada? New on the showroom floor perhaps? Well 35 years later, this 1979 model is... More
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1956 Ford 2/door Ranch wagon "Iron Branded" Interior Ford's original "King ranch" This 2 door wagon ( Fords Nomad ) is equipped with the... More
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Few color combinations are as striking on a vintage Mustang as Raven Black over white. On offer here today is a choice example of... More


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The 27-year-old has fought his way through the ranks of UFC to earn a shot at Benson Henderson for the lightweight title. read news >>
From Yahoo Sports: Those clamoring for Nick Diaz to get the first crack at Johny Hendricks' belt are delusional. He hasn't done anything to earn it. read news >>
Nate Diaz might still be a bout away from a title shot, but beating Miller would have its virtues. read news >>
Plenty of fighters have claim they'd never compete against a teammate. UFC veteran Nate Diaz is one of them, and he seems to mean it. Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
From Yahoo Sports: Bermudez has to beat Ricardo Lamas with style points in order to get Dana White's attention. read news >>
From Yahoo Sports: The tale of how a 40-year-old with a rough record and weight issues earned a bout with Fabricio Werdum for the interim title. read news >>
From Yahoo Sports: The middleweight hopeful would fall farther behind too many relevant fighters if he can't get past Rockhold Friday. read news >>
From Yahoo Sports: Hunt says he weighs over 300 pounds, but when he got the call from Dana White, "there was never a doubt." read news >>

subset: commoncrawl


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LineCache is a module for reading and caching lines. It also provides facility for remapping file names and line ranges within a file. If coderay is installed, LineCache an colorize Ruby source code. This may be useful for example in a debugger where the same lines are shown many times.
gem 'rbx-linecache', '~> 1.1'
gem install rbx-linecache -v 1.1


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The USA Today's Jefferson Graham with a positive look at Ask Jeeves in the article: In search, the butler did it.
Jeeves has its own search technology and is proud of it.
"We look at the Web differently at the credibility of a source, as opposed to just the popularity of a site," says Jim Lanzone, Jeeves' senior vice president.
Web sites rise to the top of Google's index based, in part, on how many other sites link to it. Yahoo, which dumped Google as its search engine in February for its own, uses similar search attributes. So does MSN, which is testing new search technology at a "beta" site.
Teoma's difference is that instead of just looking at the links, it also factors in the likely credibility of the site itself. For instance, a search for "Bay Area airports" on Jeeves displays official airport sites for San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose. The same search on Google highlights local newspaper articles about the airports.
Danny is quoted throughout the article.
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iOS 6.0.1 jailbroken
iOS 6.0.1 has only been out for about 24 hours, but now jailbreakers can rejoice -- the newest iteration of the iPhone Dev Team's Redsn0w can be used to jailbreak certain iOS 6.0.1 devices. The news comes from Redmond Pie, which tested the jailbreak and found that since it takes advantage of ...
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SYNOPSIS: Clowns, they're not just for laughing anymore. REVIEW: Not too long ago I read a blog about Topher Grace's eighty-five minute edit of episode one, two and three of Star Wars and as much as I'd like to see this it was, alas, a private screening for friends. However, the description was one of a concise and fast moving story that forgoes the luxury of subplots; no trade federation, no Jar Jar Binks, no … Continue reading


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My Mom is sort of a cocky knitter sometimes. Now don't get me wrong...I LoVe, love love love love love love LOVE! her beyond doggie words. In fact, she is rarely out of my reach, let alone out of my sight. (I really really really LOVE her!)
In spite of my undying adoration for the most important person in my world, there are times that I just must set her straight. Like this knitting thing. You may not see much of a correlation between knitting and paper, but I assure you there is one, and the one thing I love almost as much as my mom is....yes, you guessed it. PAPER! I'm rather discerning. The BEST paper is obviously knitting patterns that are bought not downloaded.
I had to toss aside an orange, a half-knit hat...drag out the sweater in progress to get to this delicacy. YUM. The yarn's ballband was pretty tasty, too. Please note: I only munched the very end of the pattern. She's knit this sweater a lot. She can wing the part I consumed, I'm sure. Everyone needs a little holiday challenge, right? Keep her humble. That's one of my jobs.
So, while she was running around and screaming at me... (moi?!!!) and cleaning up the mess parts I didn't get to finish eating...
I finished up her oatmeal that she plopped on the chair...
her breakfast was SOOOOOOOO much better than mine was.....and anyway, I got everyone up this morning at 4 for breakfast, so it was past time for my mid-morning snack. And, no. I did NOT toss the bowl on the floor (this time). I didn't break a single thing. (this time)
She kept muttering something about it's a good thing I'm so cute.
I AM pretty cute!
I hope she doesn't forget that.
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
Freddy. Maybe if you had chewed up the HAT pattern instead of the sweater pattern, I would have discovered before completely finishing the crown of the hat....(that was looking ever-so-wonky, but who was really looking at it....I was reading, too, right?)...that I had cast on the yardage as if it was the stitch count! EEEEEP!!! Now that was a first for even me. I thought I had made every dumb, ridiculous, thoughtless (real mistakes and errors don't fit in this category) mistake possible; Cocky knitter? Moi?
Thanks for keeping me humble.


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December 9, 2012
My younger sisters were diagnosed with TTTS. Throughout most of their lives, they did not realize how much this disease affected children everywhere. They attended a national conference with the doctor that performed their surgery so many years ago. The attitude my sisters had regarding this syndrome and its victims when they returned was inspiring. After that brief exposure to this foundation and with their help, my sisters have since started to reach out to other survivors. Without them, my sisters would not be the wonderful women they are today.
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For related articles and more information, please visit OCA's Farm Issues page.
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. Election officials across Missouri will conduct a recount of the narrow passage of a constitutional amendment creating a right to farm, as opponents of the measure seek to reverse the results.
The recount on Constitutional Amendment 1 is expected to begin in the coming days. The secretary of state on Monday was officially certifying the results of Missouri's Aug. 5 primary elections.
Those results show that voters approved the right-to-farm amendment by a margin of 2,490 votes out of nearly 1 million cast, a victory of one-quarter of a percentage point. Missouri law allows the losers to request a recount whenever the margin of victory is less than one-half of a percentage point.
The amendment makes farming and ranching official constitutional rights, similar to existing protections for the freedoms of speech and religion. Missouri is just the second state, after North Dakota, to adopt such a measure.
One of the opponents seeking a recount is Wes Shoemyer, a former Democratic state senator from northeast Missouri who is president of Missouri's Food for America. Shoemyer said he's not aware of any particular election problems that would cause the results to be reversed.
But "when you're at a statistical dead heat, you don't know for sure, so want a recount," Shoemyer said.
Recount Requested on Missouri Right to Farm
By David A. Lieb
Kansas City Star, August 25, 2014
Straight to the Source


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Some people think this new animation is a bit purile.
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It is a Cat Face Halloween special. Yes.
Steeds will be beheld. Verily.
Once upon a perfect peril...
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Cats are fucking stupid. One of ours just wedged herself behind the radiator. Luckily some plumbers are in and they took it off.2014-11-27


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Water & Wastewater Companies in Marshall Islands
Category: Water & Wastewater ×
Employees number: 11-100 ×
Industry: Mining ×
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Custom Dredge Works Inc.
based in Topeka, KANSAS (USA)
Custom Dredge Works Inc. is a professional hydraulic dredge manufacturer that provides services throughout the United States and internationally. We specialize in hydraulic dredging equipment, designing, manufacturing, and customizing each dredge, dredge part, and dredge equipment for each of our customers' individual dredging needs. Our hydraulic dredge engineers can ...
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Since 1990 Quatro Air Technologies researched, designed and manufactured high efficiency, portable and integrated air management solutions for residential, commercial and industrial applications. Our lineup includes: air purifiers, dust collectors, fume extractors, source capture solutions, ductless fume hoods , HEPA hoods, laminar flow hoods. Applications: ...
Terragon Environmental Technologies Inc.
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Terragon develops and commercializes innovative technologies and practices needed to enable habitats to treat their waste locally and safely in order to recover valuable resources to be reused at the site where waste is generated. Terragon researches and engineers highly innovative waste treatment systems which anyone can operate safely, economically and without special ...
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I typically as much as possible like to insert my dimensions into my drawing from my model.
I created holes in the model as a 1/4" tapped hole
Yet when I show the dimensions in the drawing they show the minor dimension.
How do I get the 1/4" to show? I have selected the feature and still get these results.
Solved! Go to Solution.
Solved! by JDMather. See the answer in context.
Notice that even the Tool Tip for Hole and Thread Notes dimensioning tool is absolutely wrong wrong wrong!
Drill a Ø45 hole for a M45 thread and there will be no material for the thread.
A 1/4 tapped hole is not 1/4".
Why aren't you dimensioning tapped holes with the Thread Note tool?
From my machinist days I would drill a 1/4-20 tapped hole at .201 (#7 drill) will remember forever.
Beginner machinist mistake is to drill the hole 1/4" - oops, no material for the thread.
The thread OD is 1/4 - not the hole. (and even the thread OD is not drawn to actual size of 1/4 as then the dashed line would be too close the solid line in the print drawing). The thread (or the hole) is drawn a nominal size - not actual size. Inventor does allow you to control this and does this part of simplified thread representation correclty.
Notice that even the Tool Tip for Hole and Thread Notes dimensioning tool is absolutely wrong wrong wrong!
Drill a Ø45 hole for a M45 thread and there will be no material for the thread.
Yes, I definately get that. I agree. I have worked at places that like calling out the dirrl size on the drawing, but sometimes that irritates the machinists because they feel like they should decide which drill and not the engineers.
I have also worked at places that just callout the tap size.
Currenyl I am at a place that wants to callout the tap size and not the hole size. Which is why I wanted the 1/4"
and not the hole size of Ø.188 As a side note I know that Ø.188 is not the minor for a 1/4" tap, but that is the dimension that shows up. I can just create a dimension and call it a day, but in trying to continue to learn Inventor I would like to know how to accomplish this.
Cadmanto wrote:
...the machinists because they feel like they should decide which drill and not the engineers.
In my past life we might have some special tolerance considerations and specify the drill size rather than specify class of fit so that the machinist did not have to look up the correct drill size (or our standard to get the class of fit we wanted might not even be the "standard").
But I would dimension with the Thread dimensioning tool so that it states 1/4-20 under any conditions and then add the special drill size if required.
I know, but I just need to callout a 1/4" tap callout and want it shown based on the model feature.
Is that possible?
Does the Hole/Thread Note dimension tool not give you the expected results?
Yes, that worked. Thank you.
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The Benjamin Completes $10M Reno
Monday August 12th, 2013 - 10:33AM CG
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NEW YORK—The Benjamin, a luxury boutique hotel here, has concluded the final stage of a $10-million renovation.
Lauren Rottet, namesake and founder of Rottet Studio, was charged with the renovation by Denihan Hospitality Group, which included a complete guestroom redesign. Done in a palette of whites, silvers, mink and golds, the room features design choices such as mirror-meets-mural art pieces over the bed, mirrored coffee tables in suites and streamline parson's desks. Select suites include a kitchenette with spiral-patterned wall coverings designed exclusively for The Benjamin by Rottet Studio. The refresh of the Benjamin's premier suite will be unveiled in early 2014.
The rooms redesign is the finishing piece of a larger project, which also included the renovation of the second floor with five residentially styled rooms for events and meetings, a Benjamin Guest Lounge and a new lobby.
In addition to the guestroom redesign, the hotel will launch new programs this fall, including updates to the hotel's Sleep Program and pet offerings curated by BarkBox.
Tags: • Hospitality • Architecure & Interiors • Construction/Renovation •
For the past few years, the talk of The Lodging Conference in Phoenix had been focused on the economic recovery, solid industry projections and "cautious optimism." With the word cautious no longer necessary, the economic outlook took a backseat this year to the seemingly unending parade of new lifestyle brands.
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Spanish Word for good-luck
English Word: good luck
Spanish Word: buena suerte
Now you know how to say good luck in Spanish. :-)
Interested in travelling to a Spanish-speaking country? Read the travel blog below:
Chilling Out (Santa Cruz De La Sierra, Bolivia)
The flight to Santa Cruz was great...if indirect. We made a scheduled stop in La Paz to pick up a few folk along the way, which meant we had a wonderful chance to see the fantastic scenery in the area...from the high Andean peaks above the city to the phenomenal Altiplano extending out from the great step upon which the City sits all the way to Lake Titicaca...certainly one of the great...
[ view entire travel blog ]
Popular Phrase: spanish immersion programs | Spanish Word of the Day | Conjugated Verb: entrelazar - entwine, intertwine [ click for full conjugation ]


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William Lindeke
- Commenter for
- 6 years 2 weeks
Recent Comments
Our rich native history is all around us and should be a much larger part of our lives, no matter what your background. It's such a tragedy that it's been erased.
So what would you recommend? Trading someone? Sitting someone?
I am hopeful that robot cars ceasing to terrorize our potentially walkable cities outweighs whatever happens on the freeways and suburbs. The main point is that it's hard to imagine a worse outcome than the status quo.
A robot car system will be far more efficient and reduce travel times overall. If people want to race around in vehicles, that can be a recreational activity somewhere that it doesn't kill people and harm the quality of life in our cities.
It's a distinct possibility that we'll look back on our "happy driving" era like we look back on the golden age of cigarettes. Both have killed immense numbers of people.
IMO, the amount of energy needed to fly makes personal aircraft on an everyday basis far out of reach for anyone but an elite class. Just not efficient way to move around.
That said, it's long been a dream. Frank Lloyd Wright's broadacre city was predicated on personal helicopters for everyone.
The GOP framing here about "metrocentric" poilicies seems purely cultural. What are the specific "metrocentric" policies?
Fun fact: The Saint Paul Heritage Preservation Commission will be discussing the wall tonight at their regular meeting at 5pm. The city staff recommends denial of the wall for a bunch of reasons, but it's already built so it'll be interesting to hear what the building owner has to say, and how this proceeds through the city.
link here: http://www.stpaul.gov/DocumentCenter/...
Kind of a different topic here Mark, but I hear this a lot and will perhaps do a column on "cyclist enforcement" down the road.
What about "jaywalking", lighting of pedestrians walking at night, etc.? Is that a similar issue for you?
Sounds like you're a good driver, Pat. There's something I think of called the "paradox of safety," where streets that feel the most dangerous are actually the safest because (ideally) everyone is paying close attention to what they're doing. Basically, if you're driving in an area with a lot of people walking and biking, you should be going slowly and feeling anxious about hitting people. There's no way around that.
(It's one reason why texting and driving is so dangerous...)
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Bryan Singer talked at great length with Empire Magazine about the new X-Men movie and how he is planning on bringing all of the X Franchises together.
"It's epic. I don't think people realize how big this movie's going to be. We get to bring both casts together. We've cracked it in a way that it makes sense. I had a two-hour conversation with James Cameron about time travel, string theory, multiverses and all that. You have to create your rules and stick wtih them. That's why Terminator and Back To The Future work so well. And there are certain mechanisms in X-Men, certain powers, perceptions and characters, that make this possible."
He also talks about finding a balance between staying faithful to the source material and creating a film of this magnitude.
"It has a lot of aspects of the comic. The actual comic of Days Of Future Past had a whole ton of stuff going on, so it�s like any of these things; you have to distill it. But I think the fans will be pleased that some of the most exciting parts of Days Of Future Past are going to be connected to this movie."
Bryan Singer also answers some of the fans main concern about which films are canon, and which he will dismiss. Spoiler Alert, he is taking into account the events of X-Men The Last Stand and X-Men Origins: Wolverine. Both films were deeply criticized by fans and movie critics alike.
"I�m taking into account every movie � I�m not just grabbing my first two movies and First Class and smashing them together. I�m taking into account the entire universe as it�s been laid out so far on the screen, and really respecting it and trying to work with that.
People took things in various directions, so there�s some clean-up. But ultimately I�m not just ignoring them either.
As a die hard fan boy of the Phoenix Saga, I hope that the cleanup he speaks of is in relationship to Ratner's interpretation of it in The Last Stand. And that we can see a true representation of it on the big screen again. After all, they rebooted Spiderman in 5 years!
Anyway, according to the director, if you want to get the latest info, stick to twitter, that's how he has been communicating about the movie and doesn't intend to stop using it. But of course we hope you follow us here or on Facebook to get the latest!
"I�ll be using Twitter as an avenue. I think Twitter is an amazing thing. Very often something gets out there in the rumour-sphere, and people start building up an impression of something that might not be right. So what I want to do is just little by little drop out whatever information is official."
X-Men Days of Future Past is expected to be released on July 18, 2014.
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Click Here for Articles About LAST MAN STANDING
Photo Flash: LAST MAN STANDING's 'What's in a Name?'
January 30
9:49 2013
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On LAST MAN STANDING's upcoming episode, "What's in a Name?" when Mike finds out his grandson Boyd is no longer registered at school as a Baxter, Kristen tells him Ryan is recommitted to them and wants their son to start using his last name. Meanwhile, Mandy, Kristin and Eve reunite the Inglorious Baxters in hopes their Valentine's Day music video will go viral, on "Last Man Standing," FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15 (8:00-8:31 p.m., ET) on the ABC Television Network.
Check out a first look below!
Check out a first look below!
Photos by: ABC/MICHAEL ANSELL
FLynn MorrisON
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text:
A cleansing article and process for manufacture is provided, the article being a solid or semi-solid foamable composition joinably penetrating a fibrous web, the combination being molded and held for sale to consumers in a single use disposable sealed plastic receptacle. The receptacle includes indicia printed onto or associated with the plastic receptacle.
1. A cleansing article comprising:
(i) a sealed plastic receptacle formed with a receiving cavity;
(ii) a fibrous web having a continuous network of fibers having a porosity ranging from 0.985 to 0.9999;
(iii) a solid or semi-solid toilet bar foamable composition joinably penetrating the web, the composition and web being present in a relative weight ratio ranging from about 30:1 to about 2000:1, the composition and web being situated inside the receiving cavity; and
(iv) indicia printed onto or associated with said plastic receptacle indicating presence of the foamable composition and web packaged within the plastic receptacle.
2. The article according to
3. The article according to
4. The article according to
5. The article according to
6. The article according to
7. The article according to
8. The article according to
9. A process for preparing a cleansing article comprising:
(a) providing a plastic receptacle for a one time use including a first and a second section defining a receiving cavity, and an aperture communicating between the cavity and an area outside the receptacle; and
(b) pouring in a fluidized state a foamable composition via the aperture into the cavity, the foamable composition at 20� C. being a solid or semi-solid toilet bar;
(c) placing a fibrous web having a porosity ranging from 0.985 to 0.9999 into the plastic receptacle either prior or after pouring the foamable composition of step (b);
(d) sealing the aperture; and
(e) placing an indicia onto or packaged with the plastic receptacle, to indicate presence of the foamable composition and web, at a time either prior or subsequent to step (b).
10. The process according to
11. The process according to
12. The process according to
13. The process according to
1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns a personal care cleansing article in packaged form and process for manufacture, the article particularly being a toilette bar integrated with a non-woven fibrous web.
2. The Related Art
Toilette bars are amongst the oldest forms of personal cleansing articles. Research continues to provide improved bar technology. Many problems exist requiring further solutions. Bars are slippery when wet. Better grabability is needed. Some bars require a long time to generate sufficiently luxurious lather. Quicker foaming bars are necessary. Other types of bars form mush from placement in a wet dish awaiting further use. Mush is aesthetically displeasing both visually and by handling.
Some of the aforementioned problems have sought to be overcome through the use of water-insoluble structural composites combined with soap. A first variety encompasses surrounding a soap bar with a textile or fibrous sheath. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,190,550 (Campbell) describes a seamless envelope of crimped, resilient, stretchy synthetic organic fibers surrounding a core of solid soap or other suitable surfactant material. The envelope is held in integral form solely by the entanglement of the fibers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,969,225 (Schubert) discloses a scrub brush. This article is formed from an elastic, resilient, synthetic fibrous bat or open-cell chemical foam (preferably polyurethane) having an internal cavity or tunnel containing a bar of soap.
EP 1 266 599 A1 (Duden et al.) reports a solid cleanser holder. The holder is formed of a textured film having texture variations with at least one aperture, the film surrounding a solid cleanser.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 2004/0033915 A1 (Aleles et al.) reports a cleansing bar which includes a cleansing composition and a plurality of discrete elements, particularly fibers. These discrete elements appear not to be formed into any extended bonded web.
Another body of technical art focuses upon structuring cores surrounded by soap. Apparently in this grouping, the core serves as a scaffold to support the cleansing composition. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,506 (Dulin) discloses bar soaps for personal use having a structural center. Illustrative centers include open-celled sponges and woven or non-woven organic filamentary materials. In a
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 2003/0220212 A1 (DeVitis) describes a reinforced bar soap. The reinforcement member Is provided to prolong usage of a conventional soap composition and to serve as structural reinforcement eliminating soap breakage problems.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,079 B1 (Ruff) discloses a scrubbing soap bar composed of vegetable oil/glycerine imbedded with a length of a thin, fine mesh netting. A portion of the netting extends exteriorly of the soap to form a pocket intended for insertion of a human user's fingers to facilitate grasp of the bar.
Although there have been significant advances through the combination of soap compositions with reinforcement and/or textile webs, more discoveries are necessary to improve rate of lather volume generation, minimization of mush and/or degradation of the web structure itself.
Besides necessity for improving functionality, there has been scant disclosure with respect to production methods for composite toilette bars. Invariably, any disclosure regarding production involves necessarily use of a production mold from which the resultant composite bar must be ejected prior to packaging. Production improvements are necessary before these composite toilette bars can become available at affordable prices.
A cleansing article is provided which includes:
Furthermore, the present invention provides a process for preparing a cleansing article which includes:
Various features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through consideration of the following drawing in which:
Now there is provided a personal care cleansing article in packaged form, particularly a toilette bar, and a process for manufacturing this article.
Folds 5 along a length thereof are characterized by a longitudinal axis P2 The toilette bar as shown in the embodiment of
Manufacture of the toilette bar occurs in the following manner for the first embodiment. Fibrous assembly 4 is placed into second section 14 of the plastic receptacle. First section 12 of the plastic receptacle is then snap-fitted onto the second section 14 by tight engagement of the male/female groove 16 on respective receptacle sections. A normally solid or semi-solid (at 20� C.) foamable composition is fluidized by applying heat between about 30� and about 100� C., preferably between 40 and 60� C. Molten foamable composition is poured through aperture 20 into the receiving cavity 18. Thereafter, aperture 20 is sealed either by heat sealing of the plastic surrounding the aperture or placement of a foil or cellulosic card to cover the aperture.
Alternatively the above process can begin first by filling the second section of the receiving cavity with fluidized foamable composition 2. Thereafter the fibrous assembly 4 can be pressed into the foamable composition fill. The first section 12 of the plastic receptacle is then oriented over the second section with downward pressure to cause the male/female groove 16 to snap-fit together along plate 22. The aperture 20 can then be sealed (or in a preferred embodiment for this particular process be absent from the structure of first section 12).
An indicia 24 may be associated with the cleansing article. Ordinarily the indicia may include a brand name, an ingredients list, a contents weight, bar code, use instructions, advertising describing functional attributes of the toilette bar and usually combinations of all the aforementioned indicia. Illustrative brand indicia include Dove�, Suave�, LifeBuoy�, Lux�, Olay�, Neutrogena�, Ivory�, Fa�, Clear & Clean� and Dial�. One or more of these indicia may be heat stamped into or printed onto the plastic receptacle either prior or post filling with the foamable composition/fibrous assembly.
Indicia may alternatively be applied on further packaging such as a box into which the cleansing article is placed.
An even more preferred process for use with the second embodiment per
Indicia 124 can be printed or stamped onto the plastic receptacle. Advantageously the receptacles are formed of transparent if not translucent plastic. This allows viewability by the consumer of the toilette bar packaged as part of the cleansing article.
A third embodiment is shown in
The third embodiment as shown in
Receptacles for use in the present invention can be made from a variety of plastics. These include polyolefins of various densities such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polyester and any combinations thereof. The receptacle may be formed of single or multi-layer plastics. For instance, sections or any parts may be formed as laminates an example of which is a polyethylene/polypropylene/polyethylene laminate, optionally with an adhesive layer. Thickness of the plastic receptacle can vary over a large range. Advantageously the receptacle will have a thickness for the cavity area ranging from about 0.001 mil to about 1000 mil, preferably from about 0.1 mil to about 100 mil, optimally from about 1 to about 20 mil. Clear or at least translucent plastic is preferred. A preferred source of the plastic is a receptacle that has been thermoformed (injection molded). However, blister packaging can also be employed.
A variety of fibrous webs can be employed for the present invention. Particularly preferred are fibrous batting webs with a continuous network of bonded fibers. In a preferred embodiment, the batting web may have a Loft-Soft Ratio of greater than about 1.1. In other words, the fibrous web of this invention preferably is lofty and fluid-permeable.
As used herein, �lofty� means that the layer has density of from about 0.01 g/cm3 to about 0.00005 g/cm3 and a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 7 cm.
Loftiness of substrates and softness of substrates are related. Softness has several independent, contributing components. One component is a kind of �pillowy� softness. That is, when a force is applied by hand or finger pressure, the substrate easily compresses in much the same way a pillow compresses under pressure to support a body member resting thereon. The web of the present invention is preferably characterized by having a Loft-Soft Ratio of greater than about 1.1, more preferably greater than about 1.3, and most preferably greater than about 1.5.
The methodology for assessing Loft-Soft Ratio is as follows. Substrate samples are cut using a 1.875 inch diameter punch and hammer. In instances where the punching process inelastically compresses edges of discs, the edges are carefully fluffed to restore original dimension. With the top plate in position, the Instron load cell is calibrated and is then run in compression mode at 0.50 inches/minute rate of descent. The Instron may be controlled manually or by computer as long as the final compression is greater than 30 grams/in2 pressure and data is collected quickly enough (computer assisted recommended) to determine the height at various compression values during descent. The top plate is then moved down until it contacts the base plate at which point the height is set at zero. It is important that the top plate and base plate are parallel, making contact at all points simultaneously.
Once the apparatus is zeroed, the top plate is retracted to a position above the base plate allowing sufficient space to interpose a substrate sample disc. A substrate disc is then placed in the center of the base plate. The Instron is then set to compress each substrate sample once fully. Next, the Instron is turned on and the height and force of the top plate is continuously recorded. Once the compression of the sample is complete, the compression with new samples of the same substrate is repeated as many times as are needed to establish a reliable average. The average height about the base plate at compression values of 5 gms/in2 and 30 gms/in2 equals the thickness at 5 gms/in2 and 30 gms/in2, respectively. The Loft-Soft Ratio is then calculated as the ratio of the thickness at 5 gms/in2 divided by the thickness at 30 gms/in2.
The webs of the present invention are continuous bonded fiber networks known also herein as a fibrous assembly. The assembly is formed of a large number of fiber contact points such that a continuous structure is achieved. The fibers may be synthetic, natural or combinations of these fibers converted via conventional well-known non-woven, woven or knit processing methods. Generally the non-wovens are preferred. Suitable synthetic fibers include but are not limited to polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, low-melt polyester, viscose rayon, polylactic acid, nylon and any blends/combinations thereof. Additionally, synthetic fibers used herein can be described as staple and continuous filaments. These fibers may be multi-component and have preferably denier ranging from about 1 to about 20 denier. Methods used to arrange and manipulate fibers into a non-woven fibrous assembly include but are not limited to carding/garnetting, airlay, wetlaid, spunbond, meltblown, vertical lapping or combinations thereof. Cohesion, strength and stability are imparted into the fibrous assembly via bonding mechanisms such as that of needle punching, stitch bonding, hydroentangling, chemical bonding and thermal bonding and combinations thereof.
Advantageously, fibrous assemblies of the present invention can range in basis weight from about 25 g/m2 to about 1,000 g/m2. Lather generating can be improved by proper fibrous assembly density and porosity. The term porosity (P) can be defined as the volume fraction of air to fibers within a given fibrous assembly. Porosity can be expressed using the following equation:
Another advantageous material property is resiliency. Specifically, Percent Energy Loss is a useful parameter since it describes the resilience of substrates to an applied loss. The Percent Energy Loss is calculated as follows:
The test method for Energy Loss involves use of an Instron Tensile/Compression Testing Machine fitted with a 1.5 inch circular die (sample cutting). The compression cycle strain rate is set at 38 mm/min, the recovery cycle strain rate is also set at 38 mm/min. The maximum load is 100 grams load (approximately 0.98 N), the load cell is 5 N, and the platen separation is 31.75 mm. Total energy is measured which is required to compress a sample to 100 grams. Also measured is the recovered energy from one compression cycle. With these two values, the percent Energy Loss can be calculated based on the above equation.
The solid or semi-solid foamable composition advantageously may have a yield stress value ranging from about 50 kPa to about 400 kPa at 25� C., preferably from about 100 to about 350 and most preferably from about 150 to about 250 kPa.
The solid or semi-solid foaming composition advantageously has a weight relative to the fibrous web that ranges in percent from above 1000% to about 20000%, preferably from 1500% to about 15000%, optimally from about 3000% to about 10000%. Preferably the relative weight ratio of the solid or semi-solid foamable composition to the fibrous web ranges from about 30:1 to about 2000:1, preferably from about 70:1 to about 1200:1, optimally from about 100:1 to about 1000:1.
The most significant functional component of the foamable composition is that of a surfactant. Amounts of the surfactant may range from about 1 to about 50%, preferably from about 5 to about 40% and optimally from about 10 to about 25% by weight of the foamable composition.
One useful surfactant base comprises fatty acid soaps. The term �soap� is used herein in its popular sense, i.e., the alkali metal or alkanol ammonium salts of aliphatic or alkene monocarboxylic acids. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, mono-, di- and tri-ethanol ammonium cations, or combinations thereof, are suitable for purposes of this invention. The soaps most useful herein are the well known alkalimetal salts of natural of synthetic aliphatic (alkanoic or alkenoic) acids having about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms.
A preferred soap is formed from a saponified mixture of about 30% to about 40% coconut oil and about 60% to about 70% tallow. Mixtures may also contain higher amounts of tallow, for example, 15% to 20% coconut and 80 to 85% tallow.
A second type of surfactant base useful in this invention comprises non-soap synthetic type detergents-so called syndet bases. These may be selected from anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, zwitterionic and surfactant combinations thereof.
The anionic surfactant may be, for example, a primary alkyl sulfonate, primary alkyl disulfonate, alkene sulfonate, hydroxyalkyl sulfonate, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate, aromatic sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl glycerol ether sulfates, alkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl or acyl taurate, alkyl or acyl sarcosinate, sulfoacetate, alkyl phosphate or phosphonate, alkyl phosphate ester or alkoxy alkyl phosphate ester, acyl lactate, monoalkyl succinate or maleate, acyl isethionate and mixtures thereof. Particularly use are the acyl isethionates such as sodium cocoyl isethionate. Counter cations to the anionic surfactants may be sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium such as triethanolammonium and mixtures thereof. Whenever the term alkyl, alkene, aromatic or acyl are employed, this is intended to mean a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon of straight or branched chain (or benzenoid type) having from about 6 to about 48 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
Zwitterionic surfactants useful for the present invention are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain with from 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
Amphoteric surfactants useful in this invention may be selected from C6-C24 betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates, imidoalkanoates, aminoalkanoates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of betaines include coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, oleyl betaine and cocoamidopropyl betaine. Examples of sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. Particularly preferred amphoteric surfactants are cocoamidopropyl betaine, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate and mixtures thereof.
Nonionic surfactants suitable for the present invention are the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C6-C22) phenols-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
Other nonionics include alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, amine oxides and mixtures thereof.
Foamable compositions of the present invention may also include wear promoting agents. These may be selected from such materials as mineral oil, petrolatum, lanolin, lanolin derivatives, C7-C40 branched chain hydrocarbons, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C2-C30 dicarboxylic acids, monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, diglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 carboxylic acid monoesters and polyesters of sugars, polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, polyalkarylsiloxanes, cyclomethicones having 3 to 9 silicon atoms, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polypropylene glycol C4-C20 alkyl ethers, di C8-C30 alkyl ethers, and combinations thereof.
Straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 7 to about 40 carbon atoms are useful herein as the wear promoting agents. Nonlimiting examples of these hydrocarbon materials include dodecane, isododecane, squalane, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane, hexadecane, isohexadecane (a commercially available hydrocarbon sold as Permethyl� 101A by Presperse, South Plainfield, N.J.). Also useful are the C7-C40 isoparaffins. Polydecene, a branched liquid hydrocarbon, is also useful herein and is commercially available under the tradename Puresyn 100� from Mobile Chemical (Edison, N.J.).
Nonlimiting examples of ester type wear promoting agents include diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, myristyl propionate, ethylene glycol distearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, di-2-ethylhexyl maleate, cetyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, stearyl stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl behenrate, dioctyl maleate, dioctyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl octanoate, diisopropyl dilinoleate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-6 caprylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-8 caprylic/capric triglyceride, and combinations thereof.
Also useful ester type wear promoting agents are various C1-C30 monoesters and polyesters of sugars and related materials. These esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more carboxylic acid moieties. Depending on the constituent acid and sugar, these esters can be in either liquid or solid form at room temperature. Examples of liquid esters include: glucose tetraoleate, the glucose tetraesters of soybean oil fatty acids (unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed soybean oil fatty acids, the galactose tetraesters of oleic acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic acid, xylose tetralinoleate, galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of unsaturated soybean oil fatty acids xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoleate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose heptaoleate, sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures thereof.
Nonvolatile silicones such as polydialkylsiloxanes, polydarylsiloxanes, and polyalkarylsiloxanes are also useful wear promoting agent. The polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the general chemical formula R3SiO[R2SiO]xSiR3 wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight. Commercially available polyalkylsiloxanes include the polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as dimethicones, nonlimiting examples of which include the Vicasil� series sold by General Electric Company and the Dow Corning� 200 series sold by Dow Corning Corporation. Also useful are materials such as trimethylsiloxysilicate, which is a polymeric material corresponding to the general chemical formula [(CH2)3SiO1/2]x[SiO2]y, wherein x is an integer from about 1 to about 500 and y is an integer from about 1 to about 500. A commercially available trimethylsiloxysilicate is sold as a mixture with dimethcione as Dow Corning� 593 fluid. Also useful herein are dimethiconols, which are hydroxy terminated dimethyl silicones. These materials can be represented by the general chemical formulas R3SiO[R2SiO]xSiR2OH and HOR2SiO[R2SiO]xSiR2OH wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight. Commercially available dimethiconols are typically sold as mixtures with dimethicone or cyclomethicone (e.g. Dow Corning� 1401, 1402, and 1403 fluids). Also useful herein are polyalkylaryl siloxanes, such as polymethylphenyl siloxanes as SF 1075 methylphenyl fluid (sold by General Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic Grade phenyl trimethicone fluid (sold by Dow Corning Corporation). Alkoxylated silicones such as methyldecyl silicone and methyloctyl silicone are useful herein and are commercially available from the General Electric Company. Also useful herein are alkyl modified siloxanes such as alkyl methicones and alkyl dimethicones wherein the alkyl chain contains 10 to 50 carbons. Such siloxanes are commercially available under the tradenames ABIL WAX 9810 (C24-C28 alkyl methicone) (sold by Goldschmidt) and SF1632 (cetearyl methicone) (sold by General Electric Company).
Vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils are also useful herein as wear promoting agents. Examples of vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils include safflower oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, borage oil, maleated soybean oil, polycottonseedate, polybehenate and mixtures thereof.
The articles of the present invention may optionally include one or more conditioning agents. Nonlimiting examples of conditioning agents include those selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, ureas, pyrrolidone carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C3-C6 diols and triols, alpha-hydroxy C2-C6 carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated sugars, polyacrylic acid copolymers, sugars having up to about 12 carbon atoms, sugar alcohols having up to about 12 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. Specific examples of useful conditioning agents include materials such as urea; guanidine; glycolic acid and glycolate salts (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic acid and lactate salts (e.g. ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); sucrose, fructose, glucose, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, hexanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like; polyethylene glycols such as PEG-2, PEG-3, PEG-30, PEG-50, PEG-100, PEG-14M; polypropylene glycols such as PPG-9, PPG-12, PPG-15, PPG-17, PPG-20, PPG-26, PPG-30, PPG-34; alkoxylated glucose; hyaluronic acid; cationic skin conditioning polymers (such as Polyquaternium polymers); and mixtures thereof. Glycerol known also as glycerin, in particular, is a preferred conditioning agent in the articles of the present invention.
Cationic polymers may be selected from the group consisting of natural backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of Polyquaternium-4, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-24, PG-hydroxyethylcellulose alkyldimonium chlorides, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hydroxypropylguar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, and combinations thereof; synthetic backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of Polyquaternium-2, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-16, Polyquaternium-17, Polyquaternium-18, Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-32, Polyquaternium-37, Polyquaternium-43, Polyquaternium-44, Polyquaternium-46, polymethacylamidopropyl trimonium chloride, acrylamidopropyl trimonium chloride/acrylamide copolymer, and combinations thereof; natural backbone amphoteric type polymers selected from the group consisting of chitosan, quaternized proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, and combinations thereof; synthetic backbone amphoteric type polymers selected from the group consisting of Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-47, adipic acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, vinylcaprolactam/polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylcaprolactam/polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer, polyamine; and combinations thereof.
When the cationic polymer is a polyamine, it is preferred that the cationic polyamine polymer be selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimines, polyvinylamines, polypropyleneimines, polylysines and combinations thereof. Even more preferably, the cationic polyamine polymer is a polyethyleneimine.
Therapeutic benefit agents may be incorporated into the compositions. Illustrative but not limiting are anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle actives, anti-microbial actives, anti-fungal actives, anti-inflammatory actives, topical anaesthetic actives, artificial tanning agents and accelerators, anti-viral agents, enzymes, sunscreen actives, anti-oxidants, skin exfoliating agents, and combinations thereof.
Vitamins may be included in the compositions. Illustrative are Vitamin A and derivatives (e.g. beta carotene, retinol, retinoic acid, retinyl palmitate, retinyl linoleate, retinyl acetate), Vitamin B (e.g. niacin, niacinamide, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and derivatives), Vitamin C (e.g. ascorbic acid, ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate), Vitamin D, Vitamin E and derivatives thereof (tocopherol, tocopherol palmitate, tocopherol acetate), and mixtures thereof.
Sunscreens may be incorporated into the compositions. Particularly useful are the benzophenone sunscreens such as benzophenone-4, octyl methoxycinnamate (Parsol MCX) and Avobenzene (Parsol 1789). Amounts of the sunscreen may range from about 0.0001 to about 8% by weight of the foamable composition.
Chelates may also be incorporated into the compositions. Particularly preferred are such chelates as sodium EDTA, phosphates and phosphonates such as Dequest 2010� (EHDP) and mixtures thereof.
Particularly in compositions containing significant amounts of soap and based on extrusion processing, the compositions may contain fatty acids which have carbon content from about 8 to about 22. Illustrative fatty acids are stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, hydroxystearic acid and mixtures thereof. Amounts of the fatty acid may range from about 0.1 to about 40% by weight of the foamable compositions. Fatty acids can serve to plasticize the solid and semi-solid foamable compositions and serve as moisturizing agents.
Foamable compositions of the present invention can contain water. Amounts of water may vary from 1% to 80%, preferably from about 20% to about 75%, optimally from about 50% to about 70% by weight of the composition.
In one embodiment of this invention the compositions may be in the form of hydrocolloidal gels. Gelling agents are required for the hydro gel bars embodiment of the present invention. Amounts of the gelling agent may range from about 0.01 to about 20%, preferably from about 1 to about 15%, optimally from about 3 to about 12% by weight of the composition. Gelling agents include gelatin, carrageenan, xanthan, agar, sclerotium, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl and ethyl cellulose, guar gum, bean gum, natural starches, chemically modified starches (e.g. hydroxypropyl starch) and combinations thereof. Most preferred as gelling agent is gelatin and carrageenan, particularly kappa carrageenan. Gelling agents are those materials which can absorb at least about 40 g water (deionized) per gram of gelling agent, preferably at least about 60 g/g, more preferably at least about 80 g/g.
Compositions of the present invention will generally also contain anti-microbial agents. Illustrative but not limiting examples include methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, sodium sorbate, sodium benzoate, dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin (DMDM hydantoin), iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, trichlosan, trichlorban and mixtures thereof. Amounts of the anti-microbials may range from about 0.0001 to about 2% by weight of the foamable composition.
A wide variety of regulatory approved colorants may be employed. Merely for illustrative purposes these include Red 4, Yellow 5, Blue 1, Titanium Dioxide and mixtures thereof.
The term �comprising� is meant not to be limiting to any subsequently stated elements but rather to encompass non-specified elements of major or minor functional importance. In other words the listed steps, elements or options need not be exhaustive. Whenever the words �including� or �having� are used, these terms are meant to be equivalent to �comprising� as defined above.
Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts of material ought to be understood as modified by the word �about�.
The following examples will more fully illustrate the embodiments of this invention. All parts, percentages and proportions referred to herein and in the appended claims are by weight unless otherwise illustrated.
Herein is exemplified a toilette bar with a high oil content. The foamable composition of this bar is reported in Table I.
The foamable composition in molten form was poured into a single use polyester plastic receptacle of the type shown in
Herein is illustrated a toilette bar composition similar to Example 1 but with somewhat higher level of nonwoven. The nonwoven and process for preparing the article were similar to that of the previous example. A 1.0 g nonwoven fibrous assembly was combined with 114.0 g foamable composition. The amount of foamable composition relative to the fibrous assembly calculates to 11400% by weight. The formula of the foamable composition is reported in Table II.
Herein is illustrated a hydrogel pliable (rubbery) toilette bar. The formula of the foamable composition is found in Table III.
In a process similar to that described for Example 1, the nonwoven fibrous assembly (1.25 g) was combined with 114.0 g of the foamable composition. This represents 7831% foamable composition by weight of fibrous assembly.
The foamable composition yield stress is a measure of relative softness of a toilette bar. For purposes of the current invention, yield stress was calculated for Examples 2-3. Results are found in Table IV.
The Cheese Cutter Method was utilized to evaluate Yield Stress. A toilette bar dimensioned 1.25 inches by 1.25 inches by 2 inches was placed in a �V� shaped retainer. A metal wire held taut by a hinged arm was released against the square-cut toilette bar with a 400 g weight against the arm. The wire cutter was allowed to lean against the toilette bar for 1 minute. The bar was then pushed through the wire horizontally to cut a wedge out of the sample. Length of the sample cut and temperature were recorded. Yield stress (σo) in kPa units is measured as follows:
Lather improvement was measured for the toilette bars of Example 1-3 and also for the same foamable composition toilette bars without nonwoven fibrous network. Results are recorded in Table V.
Based on the results in Table V, it is evident that the nonwoven increased lather generation by a factor of 1.47 to 2.1. Significant differences were observed at the 95% confidence level (p less than 0.05).
Lather volume improvement as reported above was calculated via the following equation:
Three different nonwoven fibrous assemblies were evaluated for the relationship of porosity and lather volume improvement. Results are recorded in Table VI.
A 30 ml increase in lather volume was observed when porosity increased from 0.983 to 0.995. The toilette bars of Examples 1-3 all utilized the fibrous assembly having the 0.995 porosity. The results of Table VI also show that the high porosity samples reflect low percent energy loss values. The latter indicates improved resilience of the fibrous network leading to improved dimensional stability of the structures over time.
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On Wednesday, manager Ned Yost and his Royals completed a sweep of the Orioles in the American League Championship Series to advance to the World Series for the third time in franchise history. Yost, often questioned for the rigidity of his bullpen usa... Read More »
Wild Card Game comeback spurred Royals' run
The catalyst for the Royals' magnificent run to the World Series is lodged in that epic comeback victory in the Wild Card Game in the eyes of general manager Dayton Moore and manager Ned Yost. Read More »
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After taking a day off, the Royals will begin practice for the World Series at 2 p.m. CT on Friday at Kauffman Stadium. The practice is closed to the public. Read More »
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Major League Baseball announced the broadcast schedule for the 2014 World Series, which can be seen on FOX and is set to begin on Tuesday at Kauffman Stadium. Read More »
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text: http://www.amny.com/entertainment/photos-of-the-royal-family-1.7781556 See what the royals are up to. http://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.7779929.1398113568!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/display_600/image.jpg SHARE Comments Photos of Prince William, Kate Middleton and more royal family members Caption / Share Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry share a hymn sheet during the Drumhead Service during the Invictus Games on September 11, 2014.(Credit: Getty Images / Chris Jackson) 1 of 54 0 SHARES Entertainment Photos of Prince William, Kate Middleton and more royal family members By CAROLINE LINTON 2:49 PM September 11, 2014 Photos of the royal family (including Prince George!) SHARE Comments


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ArchiveArt News from ElsewhereVisual Arts 2014
393 Items
Art News from Elsewhere
Elsa's Fountain?
Via scottishreviewofbooks.org
Nov 4
Fountain, the artwork largely responsible for introducing the readymade and igniting Conceptualism, continues to face debates over authorship. Originally claimed by Duchamp, new research posits it was a work of a poet, his "female friend" Baroness Elsa.
Art News from Elsewhere
Williams's Didacticism
Via hyperallergic.com
Nov 2
In Christoper Williams's photographic work exhibited at MoMA, "the supposed neutrality of the camera and language as instruments for structuring knowledge is never renegotiated; instead they are—despite Williams's best efforts—mystified as high art."
Art News from Elsewhere
144 Hours in Kiev
Via hyperallergic.com
Oct 31
For his new work Lev Manovich used thousands of Instagram photos taken during the 2014 Ukraine unrest to create data landscapes: "[A]s opposed to a journalist who thinks about the 'data' as a kind of truth, it's a question of making interesting questions."
Art News from Elsewhere
Maker Society
Via creativetime.org
Oct 31
"We have become too dependent," says sociologist Saskia Sassen, "but we could do more by ourselves in our communities. It's a step toward becoming a maker, in which we make politics and we make culture and resist flattening ourselves into being consumers."
Art News from Elsewhere
Operatic Trailers
Via theartnewspaper.com
Oct 31
In an apparent effort to attract new audiences, the Metropolitan Opera has commissioned artists, including TJ Wilcox, Paul Chan, and George Condo, to design two-minute trailers promoting the opera's new season. Condo's trailer for Carmen premieres on Nov. 1.
Art News from Elsewhere
Board, Bath & Beyond
Via manpodcast.com
Oct 30
Robert Gober always imagined his iconic sinks hanging in corporate boardrooms. "Art is about what you want to remind people about," he tells Tyler Green, adding that they'd be "particulary reverbant" there. Also discussed: AIDS, faith, and installations as "sacred spaces."
Art News from Elsewhere
Night and Day
Via vulture.com
Oct 29
"This is [Chris] Ofili fashioning his own history of art," writes Jerry Saltz, "one that shows Modernism's warring mode of movements successively killing one another in order to live is less effective than letting all and any art live within one's work."
Art News from Elsewhere
Interrupt the Noise
Via art21.org
Oct 29
Scaffold Room's complexity "lies in its refusal to adhere to one single narrative," writes Shannon Gibney in her critique of Ralph Lemon's piece. This refusal to focus, she argues, is at times too close to mere "cultural noise" in the face of the black female body.
Art News from Elsewhere
Old Masters
Via nytimes.com
Oct 29
"Marry rich." That's one bit of advice—from National Gallery filmmaker Frederick Wiseman—offered in this feature on staying active over 80. Highlighted figures include Carmen Herrera and Ellsworth Kelly, who remain as ambitious today as in decades past.


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Buji Baja Women's Honeycomb Touch Screen Glove
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Keep your hands warm while you stay in touch with the ever popular echo touch glove, now with a matching detachable pouch with coordinating headphones. The finger and thumb have a specialized fabric that allows you to use your touch screen devices like your phone or tablet and never have to remove your glove. This one size fits most touch glove makes a great gift set.
Muk Luks Women's Festival Mittens $36 $22.99
The Echo touch belted leather glove allows multitasking by keeping your hands and fingers warm while also keeping up with your latest text or social media feed on your touch screen phone, ipads, and ipods. The belted leather is the perfect addition to the glove for it to be considered a must have of the year.
Echo Women's Belted Leather Touch Glove $78 $23.40
MUSIC LEGS Women's Extra Long Satin Gloves $13.50 $11.35–13.50
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Apps have transformed the developer and mobile ecosystem.
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Google demos prototype of mobile Gmail app
At the Web 2.0 Expo in San Francisco, Google VP of Engineering Vic Gundrota showed off the prototype of a new Web-based Gmail app that could one day be used on any smartphone. By using HTML 5 standards, he predicts, developers will no longer have to choose just one platform to write for. When the app is released, users will be able to archive and use their e-mail even when not online. Moderator: Tim O'Reilly, founder and CEO, O'Reilly Media
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