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Existing electrical cables (such as low speed data, low or high speed computer or telephone cables) employ connectors having holes or other openings for receiving the insulation or requiring conductors having a precise pitch. For example, a mechanical part of the connector may close over the received cables, piercing the insulation and making an electrical contact with the conductor inside the insulation. Or, the insulation may also be used to provide the spacing required for mass termination of insulation such as connectors which require a specified pitch. This dimension or pitch is supplied by the inner insulation while the outer insulation supplies the dimension required to meet the impedance/capacitance requirements of the electrical circuits involved. The modern high speed data cables must have substantially more insulation so that the capacitive loading or impedance match of the wire is at an acceptable level. With the increase in insulation, the cable does not fit into the holes or other openings of the existing connectors. The invention solves the resulting problem by providing two coaxial jackets of insulation which meets the high speed data transmission needs or extends the transmission or distance and yet the outer jacket may be stripped away so that the remaining inner jacket fits the existing connectors.
1. An electrical signal cable for use in a system for transmitting high speed data over low speed data or telephone lines, said low speed data or telephone lines having a plurality of existing connectors which make electrical contact by piercing an insulating jacket on said low speed or telephone lines, comprising an insulating polymer signal cable outer jacket, said signal cable outer jacket surrounding at least two high speed data cables and at least two power line cables and at least one ground able, each of said high speed data cables having a central conductor, an insulating non-foam polymer high speed signal jacket surrounding said central conductor, an insulating foam polymer high speed signal jacket surrounding said non-foam polymer high speed signal jacket and a metal shield means surrounding said foam polymer high speed signal jacket, said foam polymer high speed signal jacket having a larger thickness than said non-foam polymer high speed signal jacket and wherein said foam and non-foam insulation being an adequate insulation to reduce a capacitance loading between said power cables and said high speed data cables with reduction of noise being to levels which are below a level necessary for high speed data transmission, each of said power line cables having a central power line conductor and an insulating non-foam polymer power line jacket surrounding said power line conductor; and at least one end of said signal cable having a portion of said high speed data cables and said power line cables extending beyond said signal cable outer jacket, and said high speed data cables having a stepped insulation end with said non-foam insulation high speed jacket extending beyond said foam insulation high speed jacket.
2. The signal cable of claim 1 wherein said non-foam polymer high speed jacket is sized to mechanically fit said existing connectors.
3. The cable of claim 2 wherein said non-foam high speed signal jacket is a tough nick resistance material and said foam jacket is a soft material which is easily stripped away from said non-foam high speed signal jacket.
4. The signal cable of claim 1 wherein said non-foam high speed jacket is made of a tough nick resistant material and said foam high speed jacket is made of a foam material which is easily stripped away from said inner jacket.
5. The signal cable of claim 1 wherein said non-foam high speed jacket is a fluorocarbon polymer and said foam high speed jacket is a foamed fluorocarbon polymer.
6. The signal cable of claim 4 wherein said non-foam high speed jacket is polypropylene and said foam high speed jacket is foamed polypropylene.
7. The signal cable of claim 1 wherein each of said jackets are made of a material taken from a group consisting of polyolefins and fluoropolymers.
8. The signal cable of claim 1 wherein said high speed data signal cable is manufactured in discrete lengths with a short stub of said non-foam high speed jacket being exposed at each end of said discrete length of cable.
9. A cable for use in a system for transmitting high speed data over low speed data or telephone lines, said low speed data or telephone lines having existing connectors which make electrical contact by piercing an insulating jacket on said low speed or telephone cables, said cable comprising:
a common ground;
at least one pair of power cables;
at least one pair of high speed data signal cables, each of said high speed data signal cables having
a conductor that is covered by an inner insulation jacket and an outer insulation jacket, said inner insulation is sized to mechanically fit said existing conductors and said outer insulation jacket reducing capacitive loading between said power cables and said high speed data signal cables to levels which do not interfere with said high speed data transmission, wherein said outer insulation jacket extends within a predetermined distance from one end of each of said high speed data signal cables for exposing a short stub section of said inner insulation jacket so that each of said high speed data signal cables has a stepped insulation at said one end, said inner insulation jacket is a fluorocarbon polymer, said outer insulation jacket is a foamed fluorocarbon polymer, said outer insulation jacket being covered by a shielding media;
said power cables being separated from each other by said high speed data signal cables;
an outer cable jacket that encases said common ground, said at least one pair of power cables and said at least one pair of high speed data signal cables; and
a polypropylene filler that is also encased by said outer cable jacket and which fills the interstices between said common ground, said at least one pair of power cables and said at least one pair of high speed data signal cables.
10. The cable of claim 9 wherein said shielding media is metal and covers said foam jacket of said high speed data signal cables to provide electrical shielding therefor.
This invention relates to insulated electrical cables, and more particularly, cables which are capable of noise free transmission of high speed data.
In the distant past electrical cables and wires merely required insulation which was sufficient to both protect those who might touch the cables and protect the cable against an invasion of its environmental contaminations. For example, the insulation prevented water, oil, acids, or the like from attacking the copper or other material from which the cable is made.
This type of mechanical and electrical shielding was also adequate for protection of the electrical signal until high speed data began to be transmitted over the cable. For example, a person who is simply talking on a telephone probably would not be aware of many noises caused by operation of central office equipment. Or, if he could hear anything, it would be nothing more than something like a faint and inoffensive click. However, with the advent of high speed data transmission between computers and similar machines, the noise resulting from inadequate insulation became intolerable. Therefore, it has become necessary to provide insulation which satisfies not only the mechanical dimension found in the past, but also to improve transmission line parameters for such things as impedance, attenuation, capacitance, improved transmission distances, noise isolation, and the like, when the signals have electronic speed characteristics, as opposed to audio frequency characteristics.
If that need to meet electronic parameters were the only consideration, it would be fairly easy to select an insulation material and design a cable which provides the desired characteristics. However, a difficulty with this simple "select a material" approach is that the cables become too thick to be used with existing connector types. There are so many of these existing connectors already in use that it would be prohibitively expensive to replace them merely to serve the needs of a new type of wire insulation. For example, some connectors have insulation piercing contacts so that it is only necessary to insert an insulated cable into a hole or to lay it in a trough of precise dimensions and then to close a lever or move a tool which pushes a contact through the insulation. Another example would be insulated cables which are simply pushed into an opening which simultaneously cuts through the insulation and makes an electrical connection by seizing the cable without nicking it.
An example of hostile environmental demands upon data transmitting cables would center upon such things as extreme variations in temperature, vibration, and the like. An example of which might be the cable interconnecting the space shuttle engine with its controlling computer. The computer is in a room with very well controlled temperature, probably a human habitat temperature, and the engine which is at a "blow torch" temperature so to speak. There may be a high level of mechanical shock during the flight. Another example of a hostile environment might be the controls for a burner and blower in a pizza oven where the plenum temperature is in the order of 700� F. and the microprocessor for controlling the blower and burner is in, say, a 75� F. room temperature. Other examples could readily come to mind.
Hence, there is a need for a new and better insulated cable which both meets the mechanical dimensions and characteristics of previous wiring and the new and demanding electrical characteristics for high speed data transmission.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide new and improved high speed data cables which meets both the electrical and mechanical needs of a data transmitting system without simultaneously becoming too thick to be useful in existing connectors. In this connection, an object is to provide a cable of the described type which eliminates the need for either adapters or redesigned connectors. Here, an object is to provide high speed data transmission in systems having hardware specifically designed to use with low speed data or telephone cables.
Another object is to provide four or more wire cables which may include both power line cables and signal cables without having the signal cables pick-up the power line hum.
Still another object is to extend the transmission distance of various equipment.
Yet another object is to save space in equipment racks, etc. by avoiding the redesign of connectors to handle the larger diameters of insulation which does not employ stepped insulation.
Still another object of the invention is to provide the described cables which will be at home in many hostile environments.
In keeping with an aspect of the invention, these and other objects are accomplished by providing a dual insulation on the high speed data signal cables. An inner insulation is a jacket which has a diameter which meets the mechanical needs of existing connectors. The outer insulation is a larger diameter jacket which is adequate to meet the electrical needs for high speed electronic data transmission. The inner insulation jacket is preferably made of a relatively tough material which resists mechanical nicking and other injury. The outer insulation jacket is a relatively soft material which may be solid or foamed plastic, which is easily stripped away without damage to the tough inner insulation. The jackets are made of a material taken from a group consisting of polyolefins and fluoropolymers.
The invention also contemplates manufacturing the cable assembly in fixed lengths with the outer insulation extending to within a predetermined distance from the end of a cable so that a short stub section of the inner insulation is exposed to form a cable with stepped insulation (see FIG. 2). For example, if, say, a jumper cord has a two foot length of cable, the completed cable assembly may be cut in two foot lengths, with a half inch of the inner insulation jacket exposed on each end.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation which shows a single conductor having the dual insulation;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a four wire cable with a two wire high speed data cable made of the inventive signal wire, a two wire power line cable, and a common ground;
FIG. 3 is an end view of the cable of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 shows a typical existing connector for flat wire where the pre-existing space requirements must be met by the new cable.
As best seen in FIG. 1 the inventive high speed data transmission signal cable 20 has a conductor 22 covered by an inner insulation jacket 24, and an outer insulation jacket 26. The exposure of conductor 22 may not be present if the cable 20 is used with connectors which make electrical contact by piercing insulation 24. A short stub length 25 of the inner insulation jacket 24 may be manufactured by removing the overlaying outer jacket 26 when the cables are manufactured in discrete lengths.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate an exemplary four wire cable 30 using a pair of the inventive high speed data signal cables 20, two power line cables 32, and a common ground or drain cable 34. The remainder of the cable comprises an outer jacket 36, and a filler 38 of types such as polypropylene, cotton and other material as required. The outer jacket 26 of the high speed data signal cables 20, 20 may be covered by a metal foil and/or braided wire or combination thereof as shielding media 40.
Normally, a power line in such close quarters with a data signal line would likely cause the signal line to pick-up a noise from the power line. However, here, the signal line is further protected by the relatively thick outer jacket layer of insulation 26 and by the shielding media or metal foil 40, 40 surrounding the cables 20. Still, the added bulk of the outer jacket insulation 26 and foil does not prevent a use of existing connectors which may be clipped onto the reduced diameter of the inner jacket insulation 24.
FIG. 4 shows an exemplary connector 50 for a flat cable, which may enjoy the benefits of the invention. Here there is a connector member 51 having twelve holes 52 formed side-by-side in a straight line, with the holes separated from each other by a uniform pitch or distance 54. The cable will be a flat cable having twelve conductors separated by the same pitch or distance 54. Therefore, if a new flat cable is produced, it cannot have wires that are separated by a pitch or distance which is greater than the distance 54. The inner jacket of the present invention satisfies these needs while the outer jacket provides the required insulation and isolation.
While a number of different materials and dimensions may be used, in one exemplary embodiment of the invention (FIG. 2) the inventive high speed data signal cables 20, 20 has a polypropylene inner jacket 24 which also has a wall thickness of 0.006" and an outside diameter of 0.031". The outer jacket 26 is made of foamed polyethylene having a wall thickness of 0.018" and an outside diameter of 0.063". The shielding media or foil 40 is a polyester with a metallic coating, wrapped around the outer jacket with the foil side out. The outside diameter of the foil is 0.068". This particular embodiment uses PVC for the outer jacket, with a wall thickness of 0.025" and an outside diameter of 0.186". The electrical power cables 32, 32 have polypropylene jackets with a wall thickness of 0.006" and an outside diameter of 0.031". Therefore, both the power cable and the high speed data cable may be used with existing connectors.
The electrical characteristics of the inventive wire are matched to the particular equipment to which it is connected. For example, it has been estimated that the maximum capacitance loading in this particular embodiment (FIG. 2) is in the order of 60-70 pf (and specifically is 67 pf) per meter of cable length, the capacitance loading being taken between the high speed data signal cables 22, 22 and between the signal cables and any other cables in the cable.
However, the capacitive loading depends upon many things such as the cable impedance. For example, if the impedance of a 150-ohm wire is reduced to become 100-ohm, its capacitance loading would likely be increased from, say, 8 pf/ft to perhaps become 12 pf/ft. In a high speed data transmission system, the impedance matching becomes very important as compared to the importance of impedance matching in less sophisticated systems. Therefore, beyond this specific example of 67 pf/meter for the exemplary capacitance loading between the signal wires 22, 22 in cable 30, such loading depends, in general, upon much more than merely measuring the insulation characteristic of a particular material and then using enough of it. Thus, merely designating a particular amount of capacitance loading is not really the best way to set forth a parameter for a cable design. Rather, it is better to say that the impedance and capacitance loading of the cable should be matched to the capacitance specified by the equipment connected to it.
In general computer networks which might use the inventive wire have an increased need for a data transmission line made of a foamed insulated cables. One of the better foamed insulation materials which can be used to make outer jacket 26 is a "Teflon" product (fluorocarbon polymer) of E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company. When compared to solid dielectric insulated cables, the Du Pont company describes their product as a foamed material which reduces the dielectric constant and dissipation factor, offers lower capacitance, lowers attenuation, and provides higher velocity of propagation. A low dielectric constant is the main factor in developing low capacitance and high velocity. The low attenuation and low dissipation factor of FEP and PFA results in cables having low signal loss. These characteristics meet the capacitance, velocity, and attenuation requirements of the military specifications, with reasonable foam levels.
The FEP and PFA resins can be made with void contents as high as 70% and dielectric constants as low as 1.3. Comparable cables of polyethylene, foamed to a dielectric constant of 1.5, do not have as low a capacitance or as high a velocity of propagation as does FEP and PFA foam. In addition, structural return loss in FEP and PFA coaxial cables can be controlled within the specifications of MIL-C17.
Cores of FEP foam have approximately twice the compressive strength of similar polyethylene foam cores, measuring the force required to compress the core by 25%. This simulates a situation where mechanical stress might disturb the electrical characteristic of a cable.
The manufacturer describes the properties of several of these foamed "Teflon" products as follows:
______________________________________ RG-59 RG-11 Type Foam Core Type Foam Core TEFLON � FEP TEFLON � FEP______________________________________Conductor O.D. .032 .064Core O.D. .146 .285Shield Foil + 60 Al. 95% B.CJacket O.D. .215Weight lbs/1000 ft. 282 93Capacitance, pf/ft. 16.6 16.5Impedance, ohms 75 75Attenuation, dB/100 ft. 50 MHz 1.9 1.0100 MHz 2.7 1.3200 MHz 3.9 2.2300 MHz 5.0 2.9400 MHz 5.8 3.4Velocity of 82 83Propagation, %Dielectric Constant 1.48 1.45______________________________________ Type RG-316 TEFLON � FEP Foamed Core Coaxial Cable______________________________________Conductor O.D. .025Core O.D. .060Capacitance, pf/ft. 26Impedance, ohms 50Attenuation, dB/100 ft. 50 MHz 2.8500 MHz 15 1.0 GHz 22 2.0 GHz 33 3.0 GHz 42Velocity of 83.9Propagation, %Dielectric constant 1.42______________________________________
The inner jacket 24 of the inventive cable may be made of a "Teflon" fluorocarbon FEP100 made by the Du Pont company which describes it in the following manner.
TEFLON�FEP 100 fluorocarbon resin is a melt processable copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene. Its primary uses includes cable and cable primaries and jacketing; round and flat RF transmission lines; electronic hookup cables; chassis to chassis interconnects; computer wirings; industry control cables; downhole cable, coax cable cores, and thermocouple cables.
The Du Pont company supplies the following property data for "Teflon" 100.
______________________________________PROPERTY TEFLON 100______________________________________Nominal MFN, 372� C., 5000 gm loaded 7Melting Point 504-540 262-282Specific Gravity 2.12-2.17Hardness, Durometer D55Tensile Strength 73� F. 3000-400023� C. 20.7-27.6Elongation 73� F. (23� C.) 300Flexural Modulus 73� F. 95.00023� C. 655Impact strength 73� F. No Break23� C.Deformation Underload 1.873� F., 1000 psi, 24 hr.(23� C., 6.9 N/mm2, 24 h)Continuous Service Temperature 400 204Thermal Conductivity 0.25 6 � 10-4Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansionper �F. (100� F. to 160� F.) 4.6-5.8 � 10-5per �C. (38� C. to 71� C.) 8.3-10.4 � 10-4Dielectric Strength Short time,10 mil film 21000.25 mm 83Dielectric Constant 60 to 109 Hz 2.1Dissipation Factor 60 to 109 Hz .0001-.001Volume Resistivity >1016Flame rating AEB 5 mm ATB 5 sWater Absorption <0.01Weather and Chemical Resistant Excellent______________________________________
Another example of material which may be used to make the cable jackets 24, 26 is polyethylene DGDA-3485, manufactured by the Union Carbide Corporation, Polyolefins Division. They describe the material as an expandable, high-molecular weight, high-density polyethylene insulation compound specifically formulated for foam/skin telephone singles. The material incorporates a chemical blowing agent which enables the material to attain up to a 50-percent expansion via temperature-controlled extrusion. The material has superior mechanical and electrical properties and has been designed for high speed extrusion. Union Carbide describes their material's properties, as follows:
______________________________________ Test TypicalPROPERTY Method Unit Value______________________________________Dielectric Constant, 1 MHz D 1531 --Solid 2.33Expanded 1.50Dissipation Factor, 1 MHz D 1531 --Solid 0.0001Volume Resistivity REA, ohm-cm >1 � 1015 PE-200 Ω � m >1 � 1013Melt Index D 1238 g/10 min 0.9Density at 23� C.Solid D 792 g/cm3 0.95Expanded 0.45Tensile Strength D 638 psi (MPa) 2,800 (19.3)Elongation D 638 %Solid 500Expanded 350Thermal Stress Cracking, F0 REA, hours >96 PE-200______________________________________
Another supplier of suitable insulation material is AUSIMONT, 44 Whippany Road, Morristown, N.J. 07962-1838, which sells HALAR fluoropolymers. The material is described as a melt processable fluoropolymer which possesses a unique combination of properties as a result of its chemical structure--a 1:1 alternating copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. It has good electrical properties and a broad use temperature range--from cryogenic to 340� F. (171� C.), and meets the requirements of the UL-94 V-O vertical flame test in thicknesses as low as 7 mils. It is a tough material with excellent impact strength over its broad use temperature range. HALAR ECTFE also maintains its useful properties on exposure to cobalt 60 radiation at dosages of 200 megarads. It is one of the best fluoropolymers for abrasion resistance.
The properties of this material (HALAR 300 and 500 ) are set forth by the manufacturer, as:
______________________________________Mechanical PropertiesTensile strength - at Yield, psi 4500at break, psi 7000Elongation at break, % 200Flexural modulus, psi 240,000Impact resistance, ft-lbs/inIzod, notched, 73� F. (23� C.) no break-40� F. (-40� C.) 2-3Electrical PropertiesDielectric strength,0.001 in. thick, V/mil 20001/8 in. thick, V/mil 490Dielectric Constant, at 60 Hzat 103 Hz 2.5at 106 Hz 2.6 2.5Dissipation factor, at 60 Hz <0.0009at 103 Hz 0.005at 106 Hz 0.003Chemical Resistance,212� F. (100� C.)Sulfuric acid, 60�Be no attack98% no attackNitric acid, concentrated no attackAqua regia no attackSodium hydroxide, 50% no attackFlammabilityOxygen index, 1/16" 60UL 94 vertical, 0.007" 94 V-OFlame Spread & Smoke GenerationUp to 200 Pair Cable PassThermal PropertiesMelting Point 240� C. (464� F.)Brittleness temperature <-76� C. (-105� F.)Maximum service temperature 150-170� C. (300-340� F.)Heat distortion temperatureunder load (ASTM-D-648) 66 psi stress 115� C. (240� F.)264 psi stress 76� C. (170� F.)ProcessingStock temperature 500-540� F. (260�-280� C.)Mold (linear) shrinkage, in/in 0.02-0.025______________________________________
AUSIMONT recommends this product for wire and cable insulation and jacketing; plenum cable insulation and jacketing; foamed insulation in coaxial cable constructions; hookup and other computer wire insulation; oil-well wire and cable insulation, logging wire jacketing and jacketing for cathodic protection; aircraft, mass transit and automotive wire; equipment in contact with corrosive media; switch plates and gears; connectors; coil forms; terminals, resistor sleeves; wire tie wraps; potentiometer slider assemblies; tapes; tubing; parts with metal inserts; battery cases; fuel-cell membranes; flexible printed circuitry and flat cable.
Those who are skilled in the art will readily perceive how to modify the invention. Therefore, the appended claims are to be construed to cover all equivalent structures which fall within the true scope and spirit of the invention.
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DEFINITION of 'National Fund For Hydrocarbon Reserves (Mauritania)'
A sovereign wealth fund administered by the Banque Centrale de Mauritanie, the central bank of Mauritania. The National Fund for Hydrocarbon Reserves is funded by revenues that the government receives from companies extracting oil, royalties and taxes that oil companies must pay in order to operate in Mauritania, and from the profits made through the fund's investment activities.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'National Fund For Hydrocarbon Reserves (Mauritania)'
The National Fund for Hydrocarbon Reserves was established in 2006, and seeks to create macroeconomic stability by setting aside oil and gas revenue for developmental projects. The fund's management practices are considered less transparent than those of other sovereign wealth funds.
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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
When I do Cmd-I on a a font in Apple Font Book, it shows me a list of languages supported by the font. How is it generated? I assume there is some internal database? Is there any way to extract it?
good question! I'm interested into an answer too.
surely an internal algorithm.
But I have the impression the language listed are less than the effective ones. Doing it by hand following iso-8859-×, I've listed much more languages than FontBook list.
Perhaps you could get a similar db from Georg Seifert. Alternatively you could compile one from Michael Everson's PDF over European languages. I also remember an Excel-file with a lot of languages and their glyphs in a matrix. I think Miguel Sousa did it or just posted it in an old Adobe blog; I can't seem to find it now.
it should be an algorithm
.. it should be an algorithm
It is an algorithm. It could be sort a database of all possible languages, each with a set of glyphs this language needs, and all this algorithm needs to do is to check for each language
∀(char) ∈ Language
-- of course it depends on the database how many different "languages" (dialects? idolects?) it contains, and how strict the check is (as perhaps not all possible characters are required for each language). And, of course, "language" itself is a fluent concept.
I thought this kind of information came from the codepages supported, what is defined in the font and interpreted by the OS algorithm.
If this is verified on the fly by MacOS taking into account the actual glyphs of the font, its database would be extremely useful. I'm searching for months to get all Latin-script languages mapped and it's an almost insane job.
But if this is an algorithm, how it evalues the support given through combining diacritics? A proper support would need the base glyph, the combining diacritic and the ccmp declaration (and also a mark definition for most stacking diacritics). Does MacOs verify all this?
In Windows I believe the OS simply takes language support from font codepages.
If you generate a font containing only Latin characters but enable the Arabic and Hebrew codepages Fontbook will report that the font supports Arabic and Hebrew. It's definitely not one of Apple's better applications.
of course, first you should map every glyph for all the languages, then implement a tree search with recursion
Thanks for your thoughts, everyone.
I was interested in the database more than in the lookup implementation (which is surely very simple, so no fuss necessary). So, is it not possible to get hold of the database? I looked into the package contents of Font Book.app but couldn't find it there. Maybe it is stored somewhere else in the system?
I usually use fontconfig's orthography database, either using their command line utilities (like fc-query) or parsing the database on my own. Pretty good coverage, even for languages that can be written in different scripts.
my assumption is that the data comes from the ICU library which is bundled with Mac OS X.
Tim, as it seems FontBook does not evaluates the actual font contents but just the codepage declaration (which is arbitrary and may be wrong), the database may be simply a table with languages supported by each codepage. If this is what you need, a good startpoint is here.
If you need more information about languages and alphabets, this thread has some good tips, including a link to Excel table referred above. There are also Omniglot and LanguageGeek sites. For Latin script, a good general table is published in Wikipedia.
For Andron Mega FontBook reports a number of 57 languages supported. My own counting resulted in about 280 languages.
I based my record on composing samples utilizing text strings from the UDHR project, which I found very useful to perform the task. (see full listing here.)
Has anyone thought to ask Apple?
Has anyone thought to ask Apple?
Pointless as they don't answer.
Andreas I would take those lists with a big spoonful of salt. Just checking the Danish list http://www.unicode.org/udhr/d/udhr_dan.charcount, and I can see Q, X, W, Z missing. A better list for Danish is the http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/danish.pdf from Michael Everson's Alphabets of Europe, but that list is extremely inclusive, hence the characters in brackets are for loan-words, translitterations &c.
>Pointless as they don't answer.
:-) Well here's the answer Apple sent me...
We compare the cmap to the ICU exemplar strings for each language.
We just pick up the latest copy of the open source ICU database for each system release.
CLDR Survey Tool http://unicode.org/cldr/apps/survey (jump to other items pop-up/characters)
e.g. http://unicode.org/cldr/apps/survey?_=be&x=characters
Unicode Set definition http://icu.sourceforge.net/userguide/unicodeSet.html
Clause, I didn't mean the character listings you have linked to (they're new to me, and look rather alien). Yes, there is something missing – not useful. The Everson language records (which I know and appreciate, of course) are, as you say, over-inclusive – which I find less helpful as well.
I was referring to the bits of actual text (The Declaration of Human Rights) at the UDHR project site. This gives me some real-world proof for the scope of my fonts, yet still not entirely reliable since not every piece of text contains neccessarily all characters belonging to a language.
Simon, thanks for the information. CLDR is a great tool, although a bit confuse. I was not aware about it and surely will take advantage of this tip.
Anyway, use of these data may explain the problems with FontBook.
First: the list of languages covered by CLDR is still limited. For example, under Z it lists just Zulu, so any support or reference about Záparo, Zapotec, Zarma, Zazaki, Zhuang or Zuni are missed by evaluations based on CLDR.
Second: CLDR classifies characters as "approved" and "proposed". If FontBook (or any other tool) evalues the language support based only in "approved" (the safer way), it may miss some essential characters. And if it includes "proposed" (aiming a more complete analysis) it would return characters actually not needed. For example: it's known Latin script for Azerbaijani uses Schwa, but this character is not approved in CLDR until now. Thus, evaluation for Azerbaijani support based on CLDR would be inconsistent.
I'm not saying CLDR is a bad tool – far from that, it's really useful. But it is under development and automated evaluations based on its data (as FontBook does) need to be understood as partial.
> I'm not saying CLDR is a bad tool – far from that, it's really useful...development and automated evaluations based on its data (as FontBook does) need to be understood as partial.
So, if I might ask, is there anything better than fontbook at doing this? And how much of the "partial" is up to the user regardless? Vs the other part of "partial" that's lacking time completeness in language/nation mapping? And etc? Thanks.
Is there anything better than fontbook at doing this?
ALAIK, not. While I was searching for languages and its alphabets, I did surveys in various places –Unicode charts, SIL, Ethnologue, LanguageGeek, Omniglot, Wikipedia, eki.ee, Evertype, Signographie, dozens of NGO related to minorities and also linguistic departments in several universities. I did ask for a place where these informations are compiled, but no one know such a site or book.
CLDR is a nice addition to the list, but still not the one-does-all resource.
And if someone could be able/willing to create/compile such a resource, which characteristics/tools would be needed?
Such a .txt could be very useful
Disclaimer: These pictures are distributed on an AS IS basis, without warranty.
Suddenly, it's all very 1997. [PDF]
And if someone could be able/willing to create/compile such a resource, which characteristics/tools would be needed?
Riccardo, I think the best is to build a relational database. This could be used in queries through the web or in some automatic tool. As any relational db can have its data exported in several ways, the information would feed since Python macros to standalone applications.
This db structure would include a table for languages, a table for scripts, a table for glyphs, a table for countries and tables with associations between all these. The separation in various tables is needed to handle the n-to-n relationships (glyphs–alphabets–languages–scripts–countries). Glyph table needs a field to insert the glyph image.
About tools, I think any db manager could do this –like phpMyAdmin for MySQL or even MS Access.
Instead of setting up one more of the same, why not help Unicode improve CLDR – now that they are asking?
My impression is that what is missing is a reliable set of characters per language. And I like the idea of having e.g. CLDR as a single source for a variety of locale information. CLDR's approach to classify character sets is an advantage and indicates that they are honest enough to point out "not sure". Applications can chose either approved or proposed sets and ideally would tell users about their choice.
...reliable set of characters per language
The first question is: what are these databases used for, what is the objective?
In the case of FontBook it is obviously to determine the set of supported languages for a given font.
As a font maker, it would be the other way round: Which characters do I have to provide in order to support a certain language? It all boils down to minimizing the number of fail cases where a document requires a character that is not in the font. Or, to achieve a certain coverage (say, 99.95%) while minimizing the costs. What are the costs? Design effort is a cost, which is not the same for each character – some accented characters can be generated with two clicks, whereas other rarely used characters need to be designed from scratch. What if the rationale is to minimize the file size, e.g. for web fonts? Then the cost is in kB, not work. But we have a similar scenario: some characters cost more, others less (accented characters have very low data volume).
So, we want to cover as many cases as possible with our font. In that sense, I think a linguistic approach does not help much. I believe trying to find out which characters are "required" is the wrong paradigm and 100% coverage is impossible to achieve. Also, "cases" is very difficult to define in the first place. Do we distinguish between geographic locations as well? Are we talking about the web? Print? The past, present or future? How about foreign words or place names? We can find "coöperation" in English texts, and "Café" with a French accent is standard in German. On the other hand, in German, the »angular« quotes, are very rarely used on websites although they are the classic form in novels. An "official" character set is very difficult to determine for most languages so in my opinion, a real-world basis (scanning large amounts of text) would make more sense than an academic one. Another difficult question is, what constitutes a language – only letters and letter-like symbols, also punctuation? Are figures part of a language? For example, In most middle-east countries they use "real" Arabic figures whereas in Northern Africa the "Latin Arabic" numerals we use seem to be preferred. How about mathematical punctuation, is that still language-specific, how much of it is "required"? I think this whole thing should not be restricted to letters. What does it help to know which letters I need to satisfy the needs of most of my users, but not the other characters.
What we really need is the frequency of occurrence for each character in each language, found by a real-world survey. Then we can set a threshold and determine our set of required characters. Or, we can assign a nominal cost to each character, and then work out a tradeoff.
I did ask for a place where these informations are compiled, but no one know such a site or book.
We're working to change that. ScriptSource is a site dedicated to gathering info on scripts and writing systems. It supports 'tabular' data - lists of scripts, languages, characters, etc. - and the associations between them as well as text+graphics information. It's built on a database designed specifically for this type of linguistic data, and pulls in data from Unicode, the Ethnologue, various international standards (15924, 639-3) and CLDR. Text descriptions, articles, graphics, bibliographic links and even software can be connected to this skeleton of data.
We're working closely with the CLDR committee, and working on strategies to dramatically expand CLDR data for minority languages. CLDR already contains a huge volume of data in a useful but rather complex system that supports important concepts such as inheritance, but as a result can be tricky to navigate. We hope that ScriptSource can present some of that data in an easier to read format, and serve as a place to collect documentation and data toward further CLDR submissions. We see CLDR and international standards - not ScriptSource - as the long-term repositories of writing system data, but use our site to pull them together and enhance them.
ScriptSource is currently in testing and being refined for a public release later in the spring. If you're interested in finding our more go to www.scriptsource.org. If you want to look at what we have so far and give us feedback drop me a line and I can give you an invitation, especially if you think that you might want to contribute to the site.
Victor, ScriptSource looks very promising! Looking forward to seeing the results of you efforts. Will it help me decide on the character set (not only letter-set) to put in my fonts?
I hope so. The main 'objects' are script, language, writing system (what you get when you connect a script and a language, and a bit like a CLDR 'locale') and character. So you will be able to see what characters are used for a particular writing system - the main characters as well as auxiliary ones that are used for loan words, etc. We've focused more on characters than glyphs, although you'll be able to post details of glyph variants, cultural preferences, style differences, etc.
You'll also be able to see what writing systems use a particular character, although the completeness of that answer depends on the completeness of the underlying data, and there is still a lot of that data that doesn't exist yet.


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America Invents: A Simple Guide to Patent Reform, Part 2Posted: Thursday, Oct 13, 2011 @ 5:32 pm | Written by Gene Quinn | 5 comments
Posted in: America Invents Act, Congress, Gene Quinn, IP News, IPWatchdog.com Articles, Patent Reform, Patents
I have done quite a bit of writing about the America Invents Act, but I have been a bit derelict in providing the sequel to America Invents: A Simple Guide to Patent Reform, Part 1. Part of the reason, if not the entirety of the reason, is that the major parts of the American Invents Act that remain are anything but simple.
I was speaking with John White via telephone yesterday about the America Invents Act. Yes, John and I are thoroughly immersed in this legislation and coming up with wrinkle after wrinkle that you probably never thought about. Fun I know, but that is what two wild, crazy and tremendously charismatic patent attorneys talk about! In any event, I told him I was having difficulty and asked him — how do you describe prior user rights, post-grant review and supplemental examination simply? His response: "You don't." We went on to talk about how first to file isn't all that simple either, although the name suggests otherwise. This thing, the monstrosity that is the America Invents Act, will be a full employment act for lawyers! But when is it ever good for clients when it is good for the attorneys?
In any event, on this note I embark upon Part 2, which will seek to make sense of prior user rights, post-grant review, preissuance submission and patentability changes. This will leave inter partes review, supplemental examination and derivation proceedings for the finale — Part 3. I will endeavor to describe these in the most straight forward way possible, but I am going to completely punt on Section 18 as it pertains to business methods and post-grant review, at least for now. I just see no way to explain that in a "simple" way. Notwithstanding, look for an article on Section 18 soon (a relative term I know), along with an article about specific peculiarities and likely unintended consequences of the Act.


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Long Q&A With Authors Of "Game Change"Submitted by Alliance With None on Fri, 08/10/2012 - 07:29
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Home » News » Public Safety
Solemn convoy takes fallen Arizona firefighters home
The lightning-sparked blaze has blackened some 8,400 acres of rugged, brush-covered hillsides and ravines since it erupted on June 28. The fire was reported 90 percent contained on Sunday.
The deaths marked the greatest loss of life from a U.S. wildland blaze since at least 25 men died battling the Griffith Park fire of 1933 in Los Angeles.
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Minnesota's two leading U.S. Senate candidates continued their furious fundraising pace this spring, as Republican Norm Coleman and DFLer Al Franken each raised more than $2 million in what has become one of the nation's most expensive races.
According to figures released today, Coleman's campaign raised $2.35 million from April through June. Franken's campaign was close behind, collecting $2.26 million in the same period.
Coleman continues to be ahead of Franken in the amount of cash on hand. Coleman has $7.2 million, while Franken has a bit more than $4 million at his command.
Since 2007, Franken has raised $11 million overall for the campaign. As of March, Coleman had raised a total of $12.4 million.


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Originally published November 4, 2012 at 10:34 AM | Page modified November 4, 2012 at 11:07 AM
Lucas plans 'little personal films' in future
George Lucas is done with "Star Wars," but not with filmmaking.
AP Entertainment Writer
George Lucas is done with "Star Wars," but not with filmmaking.
The "Star Wars" creator says he still plans to make his "own little personal films."
Lucas spoke Friday night while attending Ebony magazine's Power 100 Gala, days after announcing the sale of his storied Lucasfilm to Disney for $4.05 billion. The deal would allow for more "Star Wars" films. While Lucas will be a creative consultant, longtime collaborator Kathleen Kennedy will be in control.
When asked if he'd have a hand in picking a director for the films, he said, "I've turned it over to a wonderful producer, Kathy Kennedy, and I've known her for years. She's more than capable of taking it and making it better than I did."
Lucas admitted mixed emotions about letting Lucasfilm go. "It's very sad. It's 40 years of work and it's been my life, but I'm ready to move on to bigger and better things."
Among them are his educational foundation, which will be a major benefactor of the money he got for Lucasfilm.
"Mostly it will be philanthropy but I'm also going to make my own little personal films," he said of his plans.
His last film was this year's "Red Tails," which told the story of the Tuskegee Airmen, a legendary black flight unit formed in 1941 that debunked widely held beliefs that black pilots were incapable of fighting in combat. While he described that film as a labor of love, he said, "I'm going to go further out than that. I barely got `Red Tails' into the theaters. The ones I'm working on now will never get into the theaters."
Nekesa Mumbi Moody is the AP's Global Entertainment & Lifestyles editor. Follow her at http://www.twitter.com/nekesamumbi
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Presidents Letter November 20th
Hello again Fort Kent Outdoor Center Members and Friends! We had a board meeting last week and have some more […]Read More →
Town of Fort Kent Partners with the Fort Kent Outdoor Center
The following press release was published in the Fiddlehead Focus and the St. John Valley Times. Town of Fort Kent […]Read More →
New Year's Nordic Festival
The Fort Kent Outdoor Center is planning a New Years Nordic Festival from December 27 through January 1. Get ready for 6 days of skiing and fun.Read More →
10th Mountain is Changing it's Name
The 10th Mountain Outdoor Club is now the Fort Kent Outdoor Center.Read More →
New Lighted Kiosk at 10th Mountain
Volunteers Allan Dow and Lucien Theriault are shown here with the beautiful lighted kiosk that they built. Thank you once […]Read More →
President's Letter to the Membership
Read the President's letter and don't forget to renew your membership or register for the new season.Read More →
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Greatest Hits
Request of the Week
Bridge Over Troubled Water
The SteynOnline Request of the Week was a weekly feature at this site for 11 years until the beginning of 2012, since when it's been on hiatus. However, the other day we received this...
Topical Take
Grope ...and Change!
Here's what I wrote when the Cartagena hooker scandal broke back in 2012...
Seasons of Steyn
War and Remembrance
A much-requested Steyn essay from the first November 11th after September 11th
One Year Ago
No Islam to See Here
Exactly twelve months ago, on April 15th 2013, at 3.35pm, I wrote in a short post: "There are reports of two huge blasts and multiple serious injuries at the finish of the Boston Marathon." Herewith, a few excerpts from what I wrote in the days that followed...
Five Years Ago
The Hillary Rodham Holiday Special
Frosty the Snowqueen meets Huckabing Crosby
Ten Years Ago
The Ghosts of November
November 22nd 1963. Everyone, as they say, can recall where they were when they heard the news that Kennedy was shot. Even if you weren't born, you can recall it: the motorcade, Walter Cronkite removing his spectacles, LBJ taking the oath of office, all the scenes replayed a million times in untold documentaries and feature films. But history is selective...
ON THE AIROn Wednesday Mark joins Toronto's #1 morning man John Oakley live on Talk Radio AM 640 at 8:30am Eastern Time.
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October: FOBISSEA Leadership Conference, Penang
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Arizona Cardinals
Tyrann Mathieu making 'believers'
In hindsight, the question itself probably would've been lampooned by the likes of a Coach Popovich.
Luckily, I was interviewing an Arizona Cardinals rookie. At the same time, why exactly would I wonder if "this atmosphere fazes you?" �when let's just say that a Marlins crowd doesn't exactly, uh, measure up to the fervor of SEC football.
"Nah, it doesn't faze me at all, but�" Tyrann Mathieu paused before adding, "I was kind of nervous."
Why? Simple. Mathieu was out of his element. Not in a stadium, but on the mound. The former Heisman Trophy finalist threw out the first pitch before the D-backs' game against the Miami Marlins Tuesday.
"Just relax. Just go out there and throw the ball the way you know how to throw the ball," Mathieu quoted Josh Collmenter (#FerrisWheel) as telling him during a pregame throwing session. "He said that I have a pretty good arm, so that gave me some confidence going out there."
And, make no mistake, as a former high school baseball player, The Badger (as Patrick Peterson called him after the final minicamp practice) can throw.
This wasn't your typical celebrity first pitch that resembled a basketball bounce pass or a golfer chili-dipping. No smart-aleck intoned "jusssst a bit outside."
In fact, when I asked Mathieu how confident he was on the mound, he responded: "I was probably a nine (out of ten). I was extremely confident. It was just exciting to get out there and actually be on a big league stage."
True that. Due to suspensions, Mathieu hasn't been between the white lines for a real game of any sort in nearly two years.
So, if you're a Cardinals fan, you're hoping to hear those sound bites over and over.
"It was just exciting to get out there," Mathieu might say after his first training camp practice.
"I was extremely confident," after his first preseason game in Green Bay.
"I was probably a nine (out of ten)," after the season opener in St. Louis.
If we're talking football game plans, then Mathieu wants his first pitch to foreshadow his first year in the NFL. Right down to the skeptics.
"Doubters? Yeah," Mathieu responded when I asked him if his teammates questioned his arm. "I'm like, man, I'm a competitor. I'm going to get the ball across the plate. It's not going to fall short. A few of �em doubted me, but I made �em believers."
Keep throwing strikes. And Mathieu will keep making believers.
In return, Arizona will keep embracing the former LSU star. In fact, is the Valley starting to feel like home?
"Definitely," Mathieu said. "Just to get the opportunity is extremely humbling. I'm definitely grateful for the opportunity."
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- Jake Plummer, former ASU and Cardinals quarterback - Tuesday November 25Jake Plummer says there's more than just bragging rights riding on this year's Territorial Cup.
- It's Paul's Call with Paul Calvisi! - Tuesday November 25The Territorial Cup is about to get extremely real on Paul's Call.


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2511 Fm 66, WaxahachieIt's fun for everyone, 16th Century style at Scarborough Renaissance Festival! Enjoy the thrill of full combat jousting and Birds of Prey, Renaissance entertainment on 21 stages, 200 craft shoppes,...
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Scarborough Renaissance Festival
Saturday, Apr 4 10:00a
Ennis Bluebonnet Trails Festival
Friday, Apr 17 10:00a
Downtown Ennis, EnnisThis is the 64th annual Bluebonnet Trails Festival. Each year the attendance among visitors and the number of quality vendors has increased. This is a rain or shine event ...
National Polka Festival
Friday, May 22 10:00a
Downtown Ennis, EnnisThe 49th Annual National Polka Festival, held Memorial Day weekend, celebrates Ennis' Czech heritage with polka dancing downtown and at 3 Czech halls, food, arts and crafts, parade, and more! Downt...
Antique Alley Texas - Spring
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Downtown Grandview, GrandviewAntique Alley & 37 Miles of Sales This unique event is located 35 miles south of Ft. Worth on I-35W...
Heralding the Coming of Light at the Winter Solstice Celebration
Saturday, Dec 20 6:00p
Stevie Ray Vaughan Remembrance Ride & Conce
Sunday, Oct 4 10:00a
Cowboys Dance Hall, ArlingtonCombination motorcycle parade and afternoon concert honoring Texas' most beloved bluesman! Parade starts at Hooters in Downtown Dallas, Concert at Cowboys Dancehall - Arlington, TX...
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Saturday, Dec 6 7:00p
Groovy Goods, ArlingtonDrummers, belly dancers, jugglers, hula hoopers and fire spinners gather for an audio and visual "jam". All ages & skill levels welcome...
DSO Christmas Pops
Friday, Dec 5 7:30p
Run Rock Dallas- 5K and Music Festival
Saturday, Nov 29 7:30p
Fair Park, DallasWelcome to the ROCKIN'st 5K on the PLANET! We support local music by hiring local bands to come out to support you as you run the best and most dancy 5k on the planet! This 5k course is lined with ...
Texas Scottish Festival and Highland Games
Friday, May 8 10:00a
Maverick Stadium, ArlingtonThe Texas Scottish Festival & Highland Games is the largest cultural event of its kind in Texas and the Southwest, and features: Scottish Highland Dancing, Scottish National Dancing, Bagpiping, Dru...
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1818 Rodeo Drive, MesquiteThe Real. Texas. Festival. celebrates genuine Texas flavor, fun, sports and music. The festival features Texas music from up and coming artists as well as an established headliner or two...
Art on the Greene
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Richard Greene Linear Park, Arlington4th Annual Art on the Greene. Richard Greene Linear Park, home of Art on the Greene, could not be in a more perfect place...
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Fair Park, DallasEat. Drink. Shop. Repeat. Taste of Dallas returns to Fair Park with a monumental blow-out to commemorate its 29th years...
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Panther Island Pavilion, Fort WorthJoin us for our second annual Red Cross Month celebration in Fort Worth, the Red Cross B*A*S*H ! Wear your best camouflage, army green or Red Cross vintage t-shirt and enjoy the military theme at t...
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City of Grapevine, GrapevineStart the day with a traditional Blessing of the Vines. Tour Grapevine's wineries on a complimentary shuttle...
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- Address:
19100 Von Karman, Ste. 100
Irvine, CA 92612Neighborhood:
- Cuisine:
AmericanPrice: $31 to $50
- Dining Style: Casual Dining
- Website: http://www.bistango.com/
- Phone: (949) 752-5222
- Hours of Operation:
Lunch: Monday - Friday 11:30am-2:30pm Bar Menu: 11:30 am - Close; Saturday 5:30pm - Close Dinner: Monday - Thursday 5:30pm to 9:30pm; Friday - Saturday 5:30pm to 10:30pm CLOSED SUNDAYS
- Payment Options: AMEX,Diners Club,Discover,JCB,MasterCard,Visa
- Cuisine: Steak, Seafood, American
- Executive Chef: Javier Montoya
- Dress Code: Business Casual
- Accepts Walk-Ins: Yes
- Additional Details: Banquet/Private Rooms, Bar Dining, Bar/Lounge, Beer, Counter Seating, Dancing, Entertainment, Full Bar, Happy Hour, Late Night, Non-Smoking Area, Patio/Outdoor Dining, Personal wines welcome, Personal wines welcome (corkage fee applies), Private Room, Smoking Area, Smoking Area (patio only), Takeout, Wheelchair Access, Wine
- Entertainment: We offer live entertainment nightly.
- Special Events: From a corporate luncheon in our Galleria room to a wedding in the Atrium Courtyard, Bistango can accommodate 20 to 350 guests with the perfect setting. Contact our event coordinator today!
A word from Bistango
Bistango offers artful New American cuisine in the award-winning Atrium Building in Irvine, California. Bistango hosts an extensive bar and a Wine Spectator award-winning wine list with over 400 varieties of wine. The ambiance is further enriched each season by revolving modern art exhibits which are available for purchase. Bistango offers a full-service patio with comfortable furniture and heat lamps to provide al fresco dining at its finest. Our nightly live entertainment and dance floor will complete your experience as you listen to everything from Latin Jazz to R&B to classics to contemporary cover tunes.Continued
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Awards voted by OpenTable diners
- Diners' Choice WinnerAmerican
Bistango - Best Restaurants in Irvine ›
Bistango reviews from OpenTable diners
111 reviews since July 27, 2014
- Food4.5Service4.6
- Ambiance4.5Noise LevelModerate
special occasion (64)fit for foodies (53)romantic (38)neighborhood gem (38)vibrant bar scene (36)good for groups (32)great for lunch (32)notable wine list (28)great for outdoor dining (18)hot spot (17)late-night find (9)kid-friendly (3)great for brunch (1)scenic view (1)Show More
- fooddjhmcDined on 11/21/2014Ordered the swordfish and it was delicious, very nice presentation of the dish, also liked the fact that you had the option of two prices, full and half, perfect for Seniors. Been to this restaurant many times and never disappointed.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- enjoyable dinnersOpenTable Diner Since 2009Dined on 11/20/2014Here on a business trip and discovered this restaurant. Ate dinner here on Thurs night and enjoyed the delicious meal and wonderful service from Gary our server. Decided to reserve dinner again for Friday night and Gary offered us a 4 course tasting menu with wine to match each course. It was such a treat and each course was a surprise. The General Manager Reza visited tables and welcomed guests and the wine buyer also chatted with us. Highly recommend this restaurant and will definitely come back here.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Excellent!OpenTable Diner Since 2014Dined on 11/19/2014I dined here with an associate for a lunch meeting ... The food was excellent, and I couldn't help but notice the atmosphere seemed perfect for a date night. So I will be back with my husband some time soon!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Great Menu and Wine ListOCDinerVIPDined on 11/17/2014The menu had an eclectic mix of appetizers, meat dishes, and seafood dishes, including some of the items we ordered: The Bison rib-eye looked tasty and perfectly cooked for two of my cclleagues who thoroughly enjoyed their meal. The Sea Bass which was delicate yet flavorful according to two others in our party. And I had the Paella which was loaded with seafood, and especially flavorful scallops. Definitely one of my top choices in Orange County for a perfect business meal where you can actually talk to one another through the evening.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- RickVIPDined on 11/15/2014The new Duroc Pork Chop on the menu is excellent. Service again was outstanding and the restaurant keeps improving every week, though it's hard to improve on perfection.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Nice place but not what I was expecting.OpenTable Diner Since 2014Dined on 11/13/2014This is not a tapas place; not a single tapas item on the menu. Music was nice, and service is very good. It was a nice place, but given the reviews it got I was expecting more.I would recommend this to a friend.
- RickVIPDined on 11/8/2014Spectacular meal! Beef Wellington (a non-menu special) was perfectly prepared and absolutely delicious. Appetizers, soups, and salads were excellent and service by Gary was as good as it gets. And, lets not forget all star bartender Steve who definitely excells at his trade.Special Features:
- Fine DiningrayuDined on 11/5/2014The food is always excellent and with a good variety of choices. I particularly like that wine by the glass is available in either 3, 6 or 9 ounce servings.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- bistangoBestDined on 11/4/2014Hadn't eaten there in years. . was always a very special place. . but disapointed this time. Waiter had a real attitude, no friendliness in his manner, just are you ready to order and let's get on with it. . . . Food took a long time, and was very so so when arrived. Chicken sandwich bread was not toasted enough and taste very blah. Fries tasted like they had been cooked in old oil. . . . . No charge Valet service was great! !Special Features:
- Bistango AgainOdessaChappoDined on 11/1/2014This, as.always, is my favorite restaurant in Orange County - service, personalities, pace of service, and quality is perfect.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- CindyBSVIPDined on 11/1/2014our dinner was excellent, the service was great and the food was outstandingSpecial Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- GEORGEDined on 10/29/2014THE QUALIY OF FOOD SEARVED DOES NOT MEET THE PRICES DEMANDED. INTANT MASHED POTATOES SENDS A VERY BAD SIGNAL. YOUR CEASAR SALAD NEEDS A LOT OF HELP,DRESSING TASTE LIKE OIL&FINIGAR,CROUTONS HARD AS ROCKS. NOW FOR THE KILLER,THOSE NICE LARGE SHRIMP WERE OVER COOKED & TOUGH.APPARENTLY YOU MUST BUY THE SHRIMP ALLREADY COOKED AND FROZEN.TOO MANY SHORT CUTS IN THE KICHEN. YOU MIGHT FOOL SOME OF YOUR PATRONS BUT NOT THIS RETIERED COOK. A POSITVE NOTE. THR RACK OF LAMB WAS GREAT,COOKED MEDIUM TO MY REQUEST.Special Features:
- Great lunchfussyfoodieVIPDined on 10/29/2014I went for lunch with a friend. I ordered the duck confit salad and was pleasantly surprised that there was a lot of duck and it was very tasty, with not too much dressing. Although the restaurant was full, we sat in the inner part and it was easy to talk. The service was excellent. I'll be back for the duck salad again.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Jazz and DinethebothmanVIPDined on 10/28/2014The musicians were talented and the sound level was ideal - wonderful background for a great meal in a classy venueSpecial Features:
- RickVIPDined on 10/18/2014Superb in every respect. New chef Christopher is fine tuning the menu and has added one of the best Osso Bucco dishes I've ever had as a Saturday night special. All meals are outstanding, the service is impeccable, and bartender Steve is an all star behind the bar. This is an outstanding restaurant.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- OpenTable Diner Since 2014Dined on 10/17/2014waiter was not friendly, service took forever.........Special Features:
- A class placeRBFeindrDined on 10/11/2014It is simply a class place to have a great meal with great service. The live music was also a touch above and for those who like to dance a real treat.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Excellent as always..NicknameDined on 10/11/2014all just great! Great, food and service. I love the art work and find that extra specialSpecial Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Bistango BustlesJoefromJerseyDined on 10/10/2014Great find for great food with a decent happy hour and live music for dancing. Waitress was friendly. Drinks were very good and happy hour wine was fine!Special Features:
- Superb cuisine + Updated decorluv2enjoyDined on 10/4/2014Bistango ticks all of the boxes, starting with top quality ingredients, skillfully prepared and presented, a warm and sophisticated decor, plus live music that compliments your dining enjoyment. Bistango offers spaces for special occassions, a large patio for parties and much more. The Happy Hour menu served in the Lounge and Bar, provides a number of very tasty small plates to accompany your choice of beverages. Fortunately for us as a Irvine residents, Bistango has been serving diners for many years and is a restaurant well worth your consideration. Bon Appetite!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- LivelyOutoftownerDined on 10/3/2014Good combination of quality food, excellent service, spacious space, and entertaining music.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- OpenTable Diner Since 2012VIPDined on 10/2/2014Food was good as usual but the service left a lot to be desired. We had to ask for water 3 times before someone brought it. Waiter was very inattentive. Not my typical experience at this place.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- GoodNuuchDined on 9/27/2014Great service and as always great food. One of our favorite restaurants.Special Features:
- Disappointing DinnerDDDDineDined on 9/27/2014We ordered both the complete dinners at $48 each, expecting something special. Caesar salad with boxed croutons--make your own. Salmon and sides were cooked appropriately. Steak was dry- no green vegetable and non-special, tasteless, but abundant (ie, plate-filling) French fries. Cheese cake dry, not creamy, with too little sauce. Nice dessert for those with a birthday. Lots of fine wines. Attentive service. Live musical entertainment should start earlier so those enjoying a show can also enjoy the music.Special Features:
- Bistango DinnerOdessaChappoDined on 9/20/2014I hadn't been to Bistango in a long time. I thought of it last minute. I will now go often. The servers are professional and of a bygone era - at least far better than typical Orange County. The presentation and quality of the sashimi plate, the beet salad, and the sea bass were incredible. I want that same meal next week. The beet salad especially was far different than even what I've had in Napa and Sonoma.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Wonderful Dining Experiencebrea2942Dined on 9/18/2014My friend and I had lunch here the other day and everything about the restaurant is 5 star. The menu selections are phenomenal, the food preparation is outstanding and the presentation is marvelous. I had the crab and lobster cake on the prix fixe menu and it was to die for. The salsa underneath the cake was sweet but not cloying. My friend had the lamb - outstanding! The service is without equal - our iced tea and water glasses were kept full and our waitress checked on us often, without being intrusive. The restaurant manager came around also to make sure we were pleased. All of this happens in a lovely, lively atmosphere. Eating here is a pleasure for all the senses. Dinner is equally rewarding. This is definitely a must-do restaurant.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Great prices and good locationJulieDined on 9/17/2014I attended a conference in Newport Beach and the concierge recommended this establishment. They are known for their seafood and steaks. Instead I ordered the kobe beef ravioli and it was mediocre. My company ordered seafood and she said it was delicious. We definitely enjoyed the live entertainment. I would come again, but order a different dish.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Dining amid artsuevDined on 9/13/2014We went for the art exhibit opening, and stayed for dinner. Fabulous dinners all around, the ahi was the best ever. We all will return! The art show which is especially worth seeing, might be problematic in a full house. Diners might be uncomfortable with people looking over them to see a piece of art.Special Features:
- Awesome service & foodSuperfaceDined on 9/12/2014Love Love Bistango!... great food, service & music. Restaurant very classy.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Happy DinernicknameDined on 9/12/2014Probably one of the best dining experiences in the OC. Great range of appetizers and entrees and don't forget the soufflés for dessert. The music was varied with a sophisticated vocalist but still comfortable for dining. The entire dinner party of 6 had a great time with delicious food. Simply the best.Special Features:
- Consistently GoodnewportfoodieVIPDined on 9/6/2014Consistently good food, service and ambiance since they've updated the main dining room and bar area. Best dishes are the kobe beef ravioli, the mushroom crusted halibut and the lamb chops. Only problem this time around was the air conditioning was not turned on before service started on a hot day.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Lovely eveningNatilyDined on 9/4/2014Bistango is a great find with nice ambiance and very tasty food. Salads, soup, crab and lobster cakes were delicious. We also enjoyed the art work displayed.Special Features:
- Exceptional ServicemwinsVIPDined on 9/4/2014We took a ninety year old there for his birthday. The waiter and manager gave us extra attention making a very special occasion for all involved. We were seated in a quiet corner ask requested, the food and wine were excellent.Special Features:
- Bistango in IrvineDuaneDined on 9/4/2014Outstanding food and service every time I've gone there. The venue is very attractive and parking is a breeze. Very worthwhile.Special Features:
- Best GF placeGFgirl99Dined on 8/29/2014I love this place and try to come every time I visit NY. The first thing they do is ask if you have food allergies and then are careful about it. They have gluten free ravioli, pasta, bread and desserts. Everything is delicious. Service is friendly. And the place is clean and charming.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- notamuncherVIPDined on 8/15/2014Seating has an impact on you overall experience. The mentality of the person at the desk is to fill the least popular tables first. Don't be afraid to refuse unacceptable seating. If necessary let them know of your dissatisfaction and put the burden on that person to step or leave. Do not accept anything below your standards.I would recommend this to a friend.
- Amazing experienceMaralleDined on 8/11/2014I had been there many times and many times it's been great but this time it was exceptional!! Our server Mario went above and beyond to make this a special birthday for my dad.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- RickVIPDined on 8/9/2014Another perfect meal in every respect. The pepper crust on the seared tuna is an improvement over the sesame crust (which, to be fair, was also quite good) and the jalapeno risotto (made by special request) is the perfect companion to the spicy meat. Service was again impeccable and Hall of Fame bartender, Steve, was again in fine form.Special Features:
- Great Place - would go backOpenTable Diner Since 2011Dined on 8/6/2014Loved the restaurant and the food. The only thing that kept this from being rated 5 stars - we found a band-aid when we opened one napkin - really disgusting and made me pay closer attention to everything else.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- RobannonVIPDined on 8/1/2014Bistango was recommended to us by friends and it did not disappoint. Our service was excellent, and the food was delicious. The kobe beef and black tuffle ravioli is very good!!! As is the beet salad and garlic soup. My husband had a fish dish and really liked it also. The decor is nice (you would never know its inside a large office building). The live music in the background was a nice bonus.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.


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Facebook and the social media obsession has been in the news a lot lately. People spend their days filming their kids with a phone instead of watching with their own eyes. There was an article I read a couple of months ago. A restaurant chain was trying to figure out why they were making half […]
Topic: social media
What Does Her Relationship Status REALLY Mean?
Posted by David Wygant -
The Trouble with Social Media
Posted by David Wygant -
Why Posting on Facebook Won't Get You Laid
Posted by David Wygant -
Why Facebook Is Dumbing The World
Posted by David Wygant -
The other day one of you guys sent me this video. I rarely have the time to watch online videos but this one struck a chord. Facebook is dumbing the world. We no longer speak in real sentences and everything ends with BYB or LOL. We have become technology retards. The younger generation will use this form of communication over face to face and phone.


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|My Wayfair
Nordicware Griddles 11" Grill Pan
Marvelous for preparing everything from eggs to sandwiches on the stovetop. Heavyweight aluminized steel design with raised ribs produce restaurant-style searing. Perfect for home grilling.
Nordicware Griddles 11" Grill Pan
Weights & Dimensions
Additional Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Grill pan
|Shape: Square
|Size: 11" - 12"
|Color: Black
|Primary Material: Aluminum
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Non-Stick: Yes
|Induction Safe: No
|Enameled: No
|Hard-Anodized: No
|Reversible: No
|Oven Safe: Yes
|Dishwasher Safe: No
|Eco-Friendly: No
|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerNordic Ware is a family-owned, American manufacturer of kitchenware products founded in 1946. From their home office in Minneapolis, Minnesota, they have marketed an extensive line of quality cookware, bakeware, microwave and barbecue products for the last 60-plus years.
Nordic Ware's first products were ethnic bakeware products such as the Rosette Iron, Ebleskiver Pan and Krumkake Iron. An innovative manufacturer and marketer, Nordic Ware is best known for its Bundt® Pan. Today, there are nearly 60 million Bundt® pans in kitchens across America!
Nordic Ware, a pioneer in microwave cookware, introduced the patented Micro-Go-Round (automated food rotator) and revolutionized microwave cooking. Nordic Ware expanded its product line to include over 50 microwave accessories.
In addition, Nordic Ware offers a complete line of conventional cookware, ovenware, bakeware, indoor/outdoor barbecue cookware and specialty kitchenware distributed worldwide. The Nordic Ware name-associated with quality, dependability and value is recognized by millions of homemakers. Today 2 out of 3 American households own and use Nordic Ware products! In addition to consumer kitchenware products, the Nordic Ware® Industrial Coatings Division is one of the country's most respected coating applicators. The extensive finishing technology and history of quality, innovation and consistency in this highly technical and specialized area makes Nordicware a true leader in the industrial coatings industry.
Since the founding of Nordic Ware® in 1946, the company has prided itself in providing long-lasting quality products, which will be handed down through generations. The business is firmly rooted in the trust, dedication and talent of their employees, a commitment to using quality materials and construction, a desire to provide excellence in service to our customers and the never ending research of consumer needs.
Nordicware Griddles 11" Grill Pan
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Nordicware Griddles 11" Grill Pan
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Return Policy
We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund.30-Day Return Policy
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Tell us what you think about the Griddles 11" Grill Pan. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow Wayfair shoppers make better purchases.Write A Review
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fit for a chef!
mary from winter park, FL– Verified Buyer– Top 500 Reviewer
my grandson is a chef, and he loves this cookware. when I see a sale like this, I have to get it for him. we have built quite a collection of pots and pans.
Griddles Searing Grill Pan
bill from Wilkes Barre Pa– Verified Buyer
washed with warm soap and water. After 3 uses non-stick starting to come off. Would have expected better.
OUR SKU # NWR1032Griddles 11" Grill Pan is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 10521


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The Taboo Naughty but Nice Sex Show was held at the Edmonton Expo Centre on Nov. 23, 2014.
Edmonton should take another look at allowing Internet voting so residents can cast ballots online in the next municipal election, Coun. Andrew Knack says. City councillors rejected the idea 11-2 in February 2013, mainly due to fears of hackers, people misappropriating personal information to vote multiple times and the loss of civic engagement.
Is there anything more rock 'n' roll than an atavistic, interactive museum in a hockey rink?


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ACE Fit Share
Use a combination of these core back exercises to strengthen your lower, upper or middle back areas. Whether you're interested in barbell deadlifts or reverse extensions, we have back strengthening exercises for every level. These exercises are also featured in convenient workout routines that include proper warm-up and cool-down techniques, which greatly reduces the risk of injury.
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No matter what your health and fitness goals may be—shedding a few extra pounds, training for a competition or just eating healthier—it is possible to dine out and still stay on track. Just follow these eight guidelines and you can "have your cake and eat it too."
When it comes to performance technique, kids are likely to attempt lifting weights that are too heavy for their abilities or perform an excessive number of repetitions with improper form unless a professional is properly supervising them. Learn how to utilize both speed and...
Childhood obesity rates have risen steadily over the past several decades and many attribute these increases, at least in part, to exercise deficit disorder. Characterized by reduced levels of regular activity, too many children are sedentary and miss out on the benefits of...
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Fernando Flores Still Hammering Britney Spears With Lawsuit, Child Abuse Claimsby Free Britney at . Comments
Fernando Flores really needs to give it up.
Britney Spears' former bodyguard is still suing her, insisting he was sexually harassed by the singer, who he claims "deliberately and recklessly" fed her sons shellfish despite known allergies, landing them in the hospital.
Seriously, dude wants $10 million for this.
"Despite the fact that Spears, Plaintiff and the children's nanny all knew they had serious, even life threatening food allergies to seafood, Spears deliberately and recklessly fed her children, Preston and Jayden, crabmeat," Flores wrote in legal papers.
"When both boys started vomiting, Spears explicitly prevented Plaintiff and the children's nanny from seeking medical care for the two children."
When Fernando Flores admonished Spears after the incident, which he claims took place sometime last year, she said: "Mind your own f**king business!"The 29-year-old then allegedly said: "If he (Flores) doesn't like it he can f**king leave. I'll do it again if it bothers him so much; they're my kids."
In another incident, ex-cop Flores recalled Spears "seldom supervising or interacting with the children" and showing "favoritism" to Jayden.
And that's not all. Not by any means.
He stormed out of her Calabasas, Calif., mansion after a nude Britney Spears allegedly bent over in a short nightie and bared all in front of him.
Talk about being harassed! Poor guy. *Tear*
When he rejected her naked come-on during a Saturday shift, foulmouthed Spears supposedly snapped, "What are you, a f**king f**got?"
Flores also detailed how he witnessed Spears and her boyfriend - believed to be longtime beau Jason Trawick - having "violent quarrels" in which Spears would yell "F**k You!" and "Get the f**k outta my house!"
You buying any of this? No hands? Anyone?
[Photos: Pacific Coast News, WENN.com]
Hell yeah!! I so agree with you .You have made excellent points! In my opinion Spears is a worthless cunt and trying to solicit her pussy to the body guard shows the lowlife she is!!! How disgusting!!! Anyone who likes her must be tone deaf and near blind!
Heck yeah. Glad u agree:D I truly hope, that Ferni's attorney will make the most of himself!Go Ferni!
I so agree with you Iroto!!!! Britney is a worthless piece of shit and should bw punished for her disgusting attitude! She never learned from any of her many mistakes!!! She thinks she is Gods gift to the world! Ha ha!
guys, lay off of britney. yes, she made a few mistakes in the past. but she pulled her act together unlike fellow lindsay lohan. be happy for her. as for this guy fernando, i smell smoke...this guy is a douchebag just trying to make money off of a rich and famous popstar.
My aura STFU you stupid ass!!! You are defending a piece of shit like yourself!!!
myaure: you must be fockin biased and blind to keep defending that nasty as s, it WAS NOT THE FIRST time she would put those kids in danger, she once left them crying in the car and went into a word fight with one of the paparazzis calling him "Fat Fuck", on another occasion she would almost drop her newborn son on the ground, just why do you think she lost the custody over kids, there must have been some certain reasons behind that decision, rite? She is obnoxious, irresponsible and poses a real threat to her surroundings, she demoralises youth and kids but of course, you're throwing the whole logic out of the window since you're one of those nut crazed fanatic jerks, nothing can be done about it just continue your blind love to shitney spears good luck with that! Ass h ole!
@iroto -that was one frickin time you loser
magnetizing other peoples mistakes must be ur lifetime proffesion
Shut up you idiot
She deserves contempt not pity I hope he will be given the entire enchilada of what he is suing her for
Poor Brit! Everyone wants some of her fame! yeah right! he is not getting anything for her!
A mother who drives a car with kids on her lap, gets drunk in front of them, and constantly exposes them to danger doesn't deserve to be called a real mother!
Even on mothers day, both kids would be left with nanny and the Bodyguard (yes, Fernando Flores, the same Bodyguard we're talking abour right now) and they would take them to the park (it's clearly visible in the pics papparazis took one year ago) and provide entertainment, and look after them all day whilst Britney would trash about in the clubs, partying, giving concerts and enjoying life. Perfect example of motherhood, isn't it?! And Yor still calling B.Spears a caring mother? Bullshizzzzzzz!


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Learn the secrets to successful container gardens, no matter where you live. Container gardening offers an alternative to traditional gardening, and allows for portability. It is also a great way to recycle many items and add creativity to your landscaping. Topics: Learn the secrets to successful container gardens Discover how container gardens allow for portability […]Find out more »
A dealership with almost 60 years of history is changing business hands.
AGCO shares tips to winterize tractors and hay equipment.
The top stories from the week Oct. 26-Nov. 1, 2014.
The almanac warns frost is overdue. Vegetable growers are harvesting those last few warm weather crops before it's too late.