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Old Maps, Expeditions and Explorations
The archaic...the arcane...and fantastic...the historic...Compiled from divers sources.
Tuesday, November 18, 2014
Longyou Grottoes in Zhejiang
The Longyou Grottoes, located in Longyou area in Zhejiang province, have been reported by many news media ever since they were first found in 1992. They have been draped with mysterious colors and have attracted the attention of archaeologists, tourists and many others.
It will take about one hour to get to the destination from Jinhua City, traveling about 70 kilometer per hour. Shiyanbei is small village within Yazhou region in the middle of Zhejing province, this village, sitting at the foot of the mountain on the North and facing the water to the south, has been regarded as the treasure place with geomantic omen since olden times. Looking over from one end of the village, you can see a wide field of vision with Qujiang River revolving around and passing by the village, which gives you a sense of enchanting illusion. There is a temple in a bamboo forest on one side of the river close to the village; the temple is full of the burning incense and Buddha sound.
On June 9,1992, Grandma Wu with three other villagers, after 17 days pumping using four pumping machines, revealed to the whole world such a mystery that could match with the discovery of a UFO. Grandma Wu took the lead entering into the mysterious underground world full of magnificence and complicated confusions. The grottoes won peoples admiration and also left people confused. Groping for half a day in the grottoes was an unforgettable experience of a life. An introduction of preliminary points of view from individual observation is reported here as a reference.
I. Scale and characteristics of Longyou Grottoes:
Longyou Grottoes have been asserted as the ninth miracles in China after Great Wall and The Tomb of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. From a preliminary observation, the author thought that Longyou Grottoes surpass the Great Wall in terms of the causation, scale as well as the artistic value. It was summed up as the following eight points:
1). Longyou Grottos are huge and extensive in scale.
Judging from the 7 unearthed grottoes, the Longyou Grottoes were huge projects and the model was consistent with others. The model, pattern and the style are extremely similar. On the whole, the distribution is very reasonable, the No.1 grotto, the smallest, covers an area of 300 square meters, No.2 to No.5 grottoes covers an area of 900 square meters, 1,200 square meters, 2,000 square meters and 700 square meters respectively. The whole covering area of the 5 grottoes reaches 5,100 square meters. It is understood that there are 23 similar grottoes underground within the circumference of 1 square kilometer of the Shiyanbei village. There are about 50 to 70 similar grottoes under the ground in the Longyou area within circumference of 2.88 square kilometer. Calculated at a covering area of 1,000 square meters per grotto, one grotto will need to dig out 20,000 square meter of soil. Calculated according to 50 grottoes, it will need to dig out 1,000,000 square meter of soil. If we calculate the digging rate of 0.3 square meters per day per person, it will take 2,000,000 days to finish. According to the statistics. It will take 1,000 persons six years to work day and night without break to finish this project. Since the model was consistent, the technology was particular and delicate with the care and precision of a sculptor, the actual workload would far surpass the theoretic estimation.
2). The design of Longyou Grottoes is delicate and scientific.
The scale of the Longyou Grottoes is magnificent and momentous, the design was delicate and scientific, the construction was standard and sophisticated, and it had the glamour of superlative craftsmanship. Every grotto itself is a grand hall, presenting a shape of an inverted Carpenters Square with a small outlet and larger bottom. One side is steep and another side is 45% inclined. Four walls are straight; the edges and corners are clearly demarcated. The chiseling marks are arranged orderly on the roof and the walls of the grottoes, the chiseling line was uniform, the straight line is straight line and the curve line is curve line. The widths are all about 1 foot as if the same person made them. They looked as if they were made by machine. There are stairs leading up and down along the wall in the shape of a saw-tooth. There is distance of three meters between saw-teeth. It is four meters long from the platform to the outlet. Every grotto has huge stone pillars ranging from four at most to one at least to support the roof, the perimeters are 10 meters at most and 5 meters at least. Every Grotto is in a shape of triangle with the peak pointing inside and the base facing front. Every grotto was well separated and there was no connection between grottoes. There is a huge square pool 5 meters deep with a area of 20 square meters that was half-carved and half-laid. A clear rock picture was seen at a point of 10 meters high in No.1 grotto containing three animals a horse, bird and fish. This was the only rock picture found in the seven grottoes. The line and pattern are simple and vigorous, straightforward and uninhibited, full of artistic conceptions.
3). The construction marks of Longyou Grottoes are still fresh.
The accurate starting date of the huge and delicately designed Longyou Grottoes was nowhere to be found. The records of the human studies of Longyou started in the Han dynasty. There were no traceable records before. From historic information of Zhou and Qin dynasties and the documents from Tang dynasty, Hanyu wrote The Monumental to Xuyuan Emperor. There was the record showing "to make the room by chiseling to set a memorial temple for Emperor Yuan". Emperor Yuan was the fifth emperor in the West Zhou (eleventh century BC to 77 year BC.). There is no record of how huge the "room" is. In chiseling the stone to make the room, and the association with the grottoes in Longyou still is questionable. If it was, the grottoes were built at least 2,500 or 3,000 years ago. They have gone through numerous floods and calamities and wars in such a long period, the mountains have changed their appearance and the exposed stones have been weathered, but the shape, patterns and marks are still fresh, as if it were made yesterday.
II. The dissection and question about the Longyou Grottoes;
After on the spot investigation plus quotation of the works of classics, scientists and scholars have put forward many explanations for the Grottoes, but most of them could not justify themselves so they were unconvincing
1) Theory of the tomb (including the theory of emperor palace and theory of storage)
According to The Monumental to Xuyuan Emperor written by Hanyu, many archaeologists have put forward that the grottoes were the tombs of the old emperors, or the emperor halls or place for storage. This interpretation is undoubtedly far-fetched.
First: if it was the emperor halls for the members of the emperor to live, why there were no trace of the funeral objects and things left behind by the deceased.
Second: if it were the emperor place, it would be separated into different halls, such as the hall for morning meeting, the palace for sleeping and the place for the guards to live, etc. The grottoes were empty and nothing for blocking could be seen.
Third: if it were an emperor palace, it would have traces of the people living there, but the walls of the grottoes were still very clear and fresh.
Fourth: The distance between of the stairs is very long; it was difficult to transport the goods in and out of the grottoes. Wouldnt they consider the disasters caused by the flood, fire, earthquake and other nature calamities?
2) Theory of mining (including digging other mineral resources)
Some experts held that Longyou Grottoes were the abandoned caves left by digging the stones, it could justify itself.
First: The safest and the most economic approach is to do the work outside, it is both safe and convenient for digging, why did they design deliberately such a way to do so.
Second: the stones in the grottoes belong to the stones formed by the red soil deposits, judging from appearance, the stones are easy to get weathered, why take such huge and painstaking project to dig the stones that could easily get weathered.
Third: the underground operation would need a lot of equipment and apparatus, such as equipment for digging, illumination, transportation, etc. How did they get these problems solved? Why were no marks left at all?
Fourth: If these caves were abandoned caves for digging stones, why did they make such delicate and regular decorations.
3) The troop station theory:
Some experts held that the grottoes were the places of troop stations of emperor Yue to revenge, the explanation was that he was afraid of the leakage of the information, he dug this underground grottoes for war preparations. This interpretation also has many points to be doubted.
First: it was not a work to do in short period of time, if you spent so many years to dig and then many years to prepare, should you lose and abuse the power already weak and small?
Second: if they worried about the leakage of the information, didnt they worry about the collapse caused by sabotage from the enemy because of the leakage of the information?
Third, in the grottoes, it is impossible to use the nature illumination and there were no trace left by the artificial lighting, how all this could be explained?
Fourth: troop station should be characteristic of smooth road, promptly getting in and out, this is the common knowledge of the military, but the grotto had only one way with three meter distance between the stairs, how could they embody the strategy of the fast movement.
Fifth: if it were for the troop station, they should have left some trace of fighting and exercise.
4) The theory of the alien civilization
UFO experts made on the spot investigation and analysis. They raised the theory of civilization left by the alien. It is to some extent convincing, but still there are many questionable points as follows.
First: How many aliens and equipment are needed to fulfill such a huge project? Could so many aliens land on the earth?
Second: on the whole, the digging of the grottoes was very regular, the chiseling marks were standard and sophisticated, aliens must have used sophisticated equipment to operate. But under careful observations, the chiseling marks also displayed fine differences. We would say that this was done by skilled craftsman rather than done by powerful equipment.
Third: what was the purpose of the aliens digging these grottoes. If they dug these grottoes to live in, it was better and more economic to build an earth observation station with their materials. If the dug these grottoes for gleaning the elements from earth, why did they do such a delicate and careful work? If they dug these as presents to earth, to dig so many grottoes is no better than to dig only one or two grottoes and put one or two civilized products from the other space, which could carry more meaning.
III. Preliminary points of view of author.
According to the careful on the spot observations in the grottoes and comprehensive analysis from all materials by myself. I think it was too early to come to any conclusion with the currently collected information. The accurate answers need complete unearthing and more comprehensive observations. But some points are certain:
1) The grottoes were not formed naturally.
The area in the middle of Zhejiang is hilly land. According to the quotation from the classics, about 300 to 250 million years before. In the geologic age, this area was an ocean. Times brought about great changes of the world. Great orogeny came about in the earths crust in this region. The earths crust raised and became bulged and formed many folds and crease. This region became an area with many caves, such as the double-dragon cave, ice-pot cave and Chaozhen cave in Jinhau City, and also the underground cave in Lanxi City. All these caves were obviously different from the Longyou Grottoes.
2) The grottoes were not built by modern technology:
The development of the production power has offered more and more advanced underground digging machines to humans. It makes the underground operation safer and more efficient, such as the digging of coal and the excavation for underground transportation, etc. But the modern human starts from the safe, economic and beautiful points of view. Underground digging was in a straight line. Once it takes shapes, it would be reinforced and begins to make it beautiful instead of decorating original-digging models directly. In addition, if it was a product of the modern technology, it should be a project built after the industrial revolution in 18 century. Such a huge project, if I was built after 18 century, must have left detailed records in history.
3) The ancients did not build the grottoes:
Huge projects and backward production methods form striking contrasts. It was not possibly built by an individual or common person. Only the emperor and the leaders could have organized such a huge project and the digging capacity. Like the construction of the Great Wall, which was built to defend against invasion from the outside. It was really unnecessary to spend so much manpower and so much time to dig these grottoes without any purpose. Therefore, the Longyou grottoes were not the product of the poor and backward ancients out of leisure and for enjoyment.
While the Longyou Grottoes shows simplicity and magnificence, it also is an immeasurable mystery to the world. Longyou Grottoes could compare with the Pyramids in Egypt, and also could match the mysteriousness of the UFO. It deserves the efforts of all the men of insight to investigate and to disclose this worldly mystery close to us.
Posted by Mitch Williamson at 6:54 PM No comments: Links to this post
Wednesday, November 12, 2014
The extraordinary beginnings of human consciousness
Our consciousness sets us apart from all other life. Yet, its evolutionary appearance highlights the accidental nature of our origins, writes Darren Curnoe
The beginning of our species is one of the most significant events in the Earth's — some say the universe's — history. At its centre is answering big questions like the beginnings of consciousness.
The 20th century luminary of biology, Julian Huxley, believed the evolutionary arrival of humans was so profound an event in Earth's history that he dubbed the geological period when it occurred the "Psychozoic Era".
That is, the geological era of the soul or mind.
Contemporary cosmologists like Paul Davies have even argued that the evolution of humans gave the universe self-awareness.
We humans have always thought of ourselves as rather unique in the natural world — even special — a vast intellectual gulf seemingly separating us from all other life.
To reinforce this, we have constructed cosmologies placing humans at the centre of the cosmos: the Sun orbiting the Earth — as seen for example in Ptolemy's geocentric model of the universe.
This view changed of course with Copernicus who showed some 1,300 years later that the Sun was at the centre of universe; well the solar system more accurately, the Earth being just one of several celestial or extraterrestrial bodies orbiting the Sun.
Four hundred years later came the space race. Humans, through the Apollo missions, ventured beyond our Earthly — our evolutionary — home, setting foot on our extraterrestrial neighbour.
We were struck by our seeming aloneness and insignificance in the universe: our pale blue dot of a home set against the vast black expanse of the universe.
This event also marked the serious search for life in outer space, and there's something rather poignant about our desire to see just whether we ARE actually alone in the universe.
So far we seem to be one of a kind. Yet, it hasn't always been this way, being alone I mean.
Living with the cousinsOur ancestors shared the planet with other intelligent life not so long ago — the blink of an eye in evolutionary time — with creatures a lot like us.
Our ancestors shared their world with them for most of our evolutionary history stretching back to around eight million years ago, to the beginning of two-footed apes.
Being alone, as we are today, is the unusual state of affairs.
You've undoubtedly heard of the Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis? They lived up until just 40,000 years ago.
The so-called 'Hobbit' — or Homo floresiensis — from the island of Flores. It lived up until around 17,000 years ago.
Or, the Red Deer Cave people, one of my own discoveries with my colleague Ji Xueping, from southwest China. Cousins that lived even more recently, up until about 10,000 years ago.
Arrival of the mindOur species evolved only about 200,000 years ago: probably the newest arrival on the evolutionary scene.
Yet, if we look at the evidence for the behavior our ancestors — the archaeological record — we can scarcely distinguish the behaviour of sapiens-humans from our cousins.
That is, until somewhere in the geological window of time around 50, 60 or 70 thousand years ago. Roughly three quarters of the way through our species' evolution.
At this time, we saw a major event which archaeologists have dubbed the 'Human Revolution'.
At this time we saw the first examples of jewellery being made.
Also at this time, humans took their first steps out of Africa — the humans who went on to the found the world's living populations across the globe.
People lived for the first time in previously unoccupied areas; like rainforests, intensely arid zones including deserts, high mountain ranges, and they quickly settled the Arctic region.
East Asia was also settled about 50,000 years ago for the first time by humans, as was the island continent of Australia.
All of this occurred about the time our kind left Africa. Not earlier, and sometimes a little later. And despite the fact we had existed as an unremarkable species for around 150,000 years.
We saw the first cave paintings at this time, in Europe, Asia and Australia. Symbolic representations of the internal and external world through vivid paintings of cave and rock shelter walls.
And we saw a much wider range of tools being made, with rapid innovation in tool form and use.
Tools called 'microliths': tiny tools that replaced in many places the bigger, chunkier tools made by our earlier ancestors and relatives.
In short, we saw humans in all of our glory: with our vivid internal world and imagination, and living in virtually every nook and cranny the planet has to offer.
Gift from a departing relativeSo, why the 'Human Revolution' then and not some other time during the 200,000-year span of our species?
We can piece together the evidence to develop a rather surprising scenario: a truly remarkable narrative of our origins, based on the latest science.
At about 60,000 years ago, when our human ancestors were beginning to make their journey to settle new parts of Africa and the rest the Old World the planet was a very different place to today.
It was a world inhabited by our close relatives: cousins living in parts of Africa, and in Asia and Europe.
Now, something rather extraordinary seems to have occurred about this time, as has been shown by the work of some very clever geneticists.
When our ancestors moved into these new places they did something that seems to be a first in human evolution — they mated with the locals.
Now our genome, it turns out, is like a patchwork quilt. It's estimated that up to five per cent of the DNA of people living in North Africa and outside of Africa today comprises Neanderthal genes.
And a similar value also for the Denisovans — a mysterious species from Siberia we know from a single tooth and finger bone, but also its genome.
It might strike you as odd that different species interbreed. But, in fact, between species mating is common in nature and is actually an important source of evolutionary innovation right across life.
The Denisovans, for example, probably gave us a raft of genes associated with immune function and genes that allowed people living today in the Himalayas to survive at high altitude.
Accidental origin of usThere's another really fascinating and potentially profound genetic gift they gave us on their way out: a variant of the microcephalin gene.
This gene plays a key role in brain size in humans and there is ample evidence it has been under strong selection in recent evolution.
Now, genetic studies suggest this gene may actually have been added to our genome through interspecies interbreeding with a close cousin. Maybe even with the Neanderthals.
I don't wish to suggest this is THE gene for consciousness, for without doubt something as complex as the human mind or consciousness must involve multiple genes or even networks of genes.
But, the microcephalin gene is likely to be a key gene, without which consciousness might not exist.
So, it could be that the psychozoic of Huxley, or the universal consciousness of Davies, resulted from the incorporation of a gene we received from a close evolutionary relative.
Isn't this the ultimate irony? We get the gene, send them to extinction, and claim universal consciousness while we're at it!
Science constantly updates and knowledge progresses. And, without doubt, this story will change as well. But, in the end, this doesn't really matter because it highlights one really important aspect of our evolution.
It is clear that we humans, and our remarkable consciousness, were not planned, nor inevitable, and not built into some design for the universe or the fabric of the cosmos.
Instead we were accidental, our evolution contingent.
The very feature we hold so dearly may in fact result from a chance encounter in a dark alley, even an evolutionary one-night stand.
This article is based on a TEDX Brisbane talk given on 5 October 2014. A longer version is available on Walking on Two Feet.
Associate Professor Darren Curnoe is an evolutionary biologist at the University of New South Wales. He writes about all aspects of evolution on his blog blog. His work with colleague Ji Xueping is featured in the documentary Enigma Man: A Stone Age History. He also appears regularly on ABC 702.
Posted by Mitch Williamson at 12:53 PM No comments: Links to this post
Sunday, November 9, 2014
A brinicle (brine icicle, also known as ice stalactite) forms beneath sea ice when a flow of extremely cold, saline water is introduced to an area of ocean water, being the undersea equivalent of a hollow stalactite or icicle.
Known since the 1960s, the generally accepted model of their formation was proposed by the US oceanographer Seelye Martin in 1974.[1] The formation of a brinicle was first filmed in 2011 by producer Kathryn Jeffs and cameramen Hugh Miller and Doug Anderson for the BBC series Frozen Planet.
At the time of its creation, a brinicle resembles a pipe of ice reaching down from the underside of a layer of sea ice. Inside the pipe is the supercold, supersaline water being produced by the growth of the sea ice above, accumulated through brine channels. At first, a brinicle is very fragile; its walls are thin and it is largely the constant flow of colder brine that sustains its growth and hinders its melt that would be caused by the contact with the less cold surrounding water. However, as ice accumulates and becomes thicker, the brinicle becomes more stable.
A brinicle can, under the proper conditions, reach down to the seafloor. To do so, the flow of supercold brine from the pack ice overhead must continue, the surrounding water must be significantly less saline than the brine, the water cannot be very deep, the overhead sea ice pack must be still, and currents in the area must be minimal or still. If the surrounding water is too saline, its freezing point will be too low to create a significant amount of ice around the brine plume. If the water is too deep, the brinicle is likely to break free under its own weight before reaching the seafloor. If the icepack is mobile or currents too strong, strain will break the brinicle.
Under the right conditions, including favorable ocean floor topography, a brine pool may be created. However, unlike brine pools created by cold seeps, brinicle brine pools are likely to be very transient as the brine supply will eventually cease.
On reaching the seafloor, it will continue to accumulate ice as surrounding water freezes. The brine will travel along the seafloor in a down-slope direction until it reaches the lowest possible point, where it will pool. Any bottom-dwelling sea creatures, such as starfish or sea urchins can be caught in this expanding web of ice and be trapped, ultimately freezing to death.
The formation of ice from salt water produces marked changes in the composition of the unfrozen water. When water freezes, most impurities are forced out of solution; even ice from seawater is relatively fresh compared with the seawater it is formed from. As a result of forcing the impurities out, sea ice is very porous and spongelike, quite different from the solid ice produced when fresh water freezes.
As the seawater freezes and salt is forced out of the pure ice crystal lattice, the surrounding water becomes more saline. This lowers its freezing temperature and increases its density. The lower freezing temperature means that the surrounding water does not freeze to the ice immediately, and the higher density means that it sinks. Thus tiny tunnels called brine channels are created all through the ice as this supersaline, supercooled water sinks away from the frozen pure water. The stage is now set for the creation of a brinicle.
As this supercooled saline water reaches unfrozen seawater below the ice, it will cause the creation of additional ice. If the brine channels are relatively evenly distributed, the ice pack grows downward evenly. However, if brine channels are concentrated in one small area, the downward flow of the cold water, now so saline that it cannot freeze at its normal freezing point, begins to interact with unfrozen seawater as a flow. Just as hot air from a fire rises as a plume, this cold water descends as a plume. Its outer edges begin to accumulate a layer of ice as the surrounding water, cooled by this jet to below its freezing point, ices up. This is a brinicle: an inverted "chimney" of ice enclosing a downward flow of this supercold, supersaline water.
When the brinicle becomes thick enough, it becomes self-sustaining. As ice accumulates around the down-flowing cold jet, it forms an insulating layer that prevents the cold, saline water from diffusing and warming. As a result, the ice jacket surrounding the jet grows downward with the flow. It is like an icicle turned inside-out; rather than cold air freezing liquid water into layers, down-rushing cold water is freezing the surrounding water, enabling it to descend even deeper. As it does, it creates more ice, and the brinicle grows longer.
A brinicle is limited in size by the depth of the water, the growth of the overlying sea ice fueling its flow, and the surrounding water itself. In 2011, brinicle formation was filmed for the first time.
Posted by Mitch Williamson at 2:45 PM No comments: Links to this post
Tsingy de Bemaraha
Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve comprises karstic landscapes and limestone uplands cut into impressive 'tsingy' peaks and a 'forest' of limestone needles, the spectacular canyon of the Manambolo river, rolling hills and high peaks. The undisturbed forests, lakes and mangrove swamps are the habitat for rare and endangered lemurs and birds.
The integral nature reserve of Tsingy of Bemaraha lies 60-80 km inland from the west coast in the northern sector of the Antsingy region of the Bemaraha Plateau, north of the Manambolo River Gorge. The additional forests and lakes nominated include all the remaining native forest, mangrove and lakes between the west coast and the Bemaraha Reserve, lying between the Sohanina and Manambolo rivers.
Much of the reserve integral to Tsingy de Bemaraha comprises limestone karst, delimited to the east by abrupt cliffs which rise some 300-400 m above the Hanambolo River valley and extend several tens of kilometres from north to south. The western slopes rise more gently, and the whole western region of the reserve forms a plateau with rounded hillocks which slope away to the west. To the north undulating hills alternate with limestone extrusions, whereas in the south extensive pinnacle formations make access extremely restricted. The Hanambolo River Gorge is on the southern edge of the reserve. Both seasonal and permanent rivers flow on the plateau (draining to the west), and numerous permanent springs arise at the base of the Tsingy on both sides.
Vegetation is characteristic of the calcareous karst regions of western Madagascar, with dense, dry, deciduous forest, and extensive anthropogenic savannahs.
The fauna of the region has not been studied in any detail. The Tsingy is the only known location for chameleon, and the only western dry forest site known for Madagascar grey-throated rail (only previously known from north-western and eastern Madagascar). The reserve is also the only protected area where the endemic nesomyine rodent is known to occur and there is also an unconfirmed report of aye-aye just outside the reserve. Other notable species include goshawk, which may be threatened, and lemur, all of which are (or may be) threatened.
The entire park is composed of a forest of needle-like rock spires up to 120 meters high in some areas. The rock, formed by water eroding away the limestone, is razor sharp and provides a home to hundreds of species that aren't found anywhere else on earth.
Visually the place is eerie enough, but it's also very under-researched. In fact, few scientists ever travel deep into the forest, and only a handful have ever done it more than once.
A journalist for National Geographic describes how difficult it is to travel through the park: "We squeezed through passages, our pack straps catching on fingers of stone. We stemmed narrow ravines and nervously straddled fins that were like fences topped with broken class. The rock pierced our boots, leaving holes in the rubber. Usually we came over needle-sharp rises only to descend onto mats of thin soil covering yet more serrated rock. We'd carefully find our balance, then try to figure out what to do next."
Posted by Mitch Williamson at 2:37 PM No comments: Links to this post
Eye Of The Sahara
Atlantis main Island according to the text of Plato in Timaeus & Critias written in 360 BC.
The Richat Structure, also known as the Eye of the Sahara or blue eye of Africa, is a prominent geological circular feature in the Sahara desert in Mauritania near Ouadane. It is nearly 50 kilometers across and very visible from space. Initially interpreted as an asteroid impact structure because of its high degree of circularity, and then as a structure formed by a volcanic eruption that also seems improbable because of the lack of a dome of igneous or volcanic rock, it is now argued to be a highly symmetrical and deeply eroded geologic dome that collapsed. So it is now thought by many to have been caused by uplifted rock sculpted by erosion. But the fact that the "rings", are equidistant to the centre and that the Richat Structure is nearly circular remains a mystery.
And new questions arise. Some people are amazed by the resemblance of this structure with the representation we have of Atlantis by Plato. According to Plato, the island was circular, divided into concentric circles of land and water: "There were 2 of land and 3 of water... Atlantis when sunk by the earthquake became an impossible barrier of mud to voyagers sailing from hence to any part of the ocean..." And he spoke about a mount sheltering the city by North and "and encompassing a great plain of an oblong shape in the south "...etc... Atlantis in Greek means Atlantis, nesos : the island of Atlas. And we get near the geologic eye at the North the Mount Atlas. According to Plato, Atlantis was lying "in front of the Pillars of Hercule", and we are there just in front from South and not beside from East or West as many authors are searching...
Antoine Gigal - April 2012
- Martinez-Frias, J., Rull, F., Martín-Redondo, M.P., Delgado, A., Fernández-Sampedro, M.T., García-Talavera, F., López-Vera, F. and Menor Salván, C.(2011)Multianalytical characterization of silica-rich megabreccias from the proposed natural area of Richat (Sahara desert, Mauritania). Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment v. 15, no. 3, pp. 49-54.
- 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=pTTnYRaZ55A French video with animations by geologists.
- 3. Nemiroff, R., and J. Bonnell (2002) Earth's Richat Structure, Astronomy Picture of the Day, October ...Astronomy Picture of the Day, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.
Posted by Mitch Williamson at 2:29 PM No comments: Links to this post
Labels: Mystery
Devils Postpile
The Devils Postpile formation is a rare sight in the geologic world and ranks as one of the worlds finest examples of columnar basalt. Its columns tower 60 feet high and display an unusual symmetry. Another wonder is in store just downstream from the Postpile at Rainbow Falls, once called a gem unique and worthy of its name. When the sun is overhead, a bright rainbow highlights the spectacular falls.
The monument is also a portal to the High Sierra backcountry; some 75% of the monument is included in the Ansel Adams Wilderness. At 800 acres, Devils Postpile National Monument may be considered small by some, yet its natural and recreational values abound.
Some details of the geologic origin of the Devils Postpile are not completely clear, but enough is known to reconstruct much of the story. Until recently, it was thought to have formed about one million years ago. Current studies suggest that the Postpile was formed less than 100,000 years ago when a cooling lava flow cracked into multi-sided columns. However, to fully understand the geologic setting of the Postpile we must go back millions of years to a time when there was no Sierra Nevada and California was a shallow sea.
The beginning of North America
For nearly 500 million years, what is now Eastern California was a shallow sea. The western edge of North America was several hundred miles east of the present coastline and North America was part of a large super-continent called Pangaea. This super-continent was the land mass from which all of today's continents were born.
About 200 million years ago, Pangaea began to split and North America began moving to the West while Europe and Asia moved to the East. While all the rifting and moving of Pangaea and North America was taking place, sediments and gravel were steadily eroding from western North American (near present-day Utah and Nevada) and washing out into the shallow sea that covered present-day California.
The stage is set for California to arrive
As North America drifted westward the adjacent oceanic crust was thrust downward and beneath the moving continent. A north-south subduction zone was born, and for millions of years oceanic crust continued to slam into the westward moving North American continent. Most of the crust slid beneath North America, but occasionally a slice of this sedimentary crust would be thrust onto the continent's edge. Intermittently, North America would get a big chunk of land added to its western margin as volcanic islands, similar to those of Hawaii or Indonesia, were scraped onto the coast, a process called accretion. These pieces of accreted land are called exotic terranes and the addition of each terrane to North America took millions of years. One such terrane, the Smartville complex, contained the gold veins that would bring wealth and people to the state, some 160 million years later. In this fashion the western edge of North America expanded further and further to the west, and the land we know to be California arrived, piece by piece, like waves from the sea.
Mountains begin to rise: The ancestral Sierra Nevada
About 140 million years ago, the friction and pressure between the two plates was so great that the land began to crumple and mountains began to rise east of the subduction zone, the ancestral Sierra Nevada was born. During this period of uplift, the accreted terranes and sedimentary layers were twisted, folded and squeezed together and rocks changed from one form to another, a process called metamorphosis.
As the mountains rose and great pressures metamorphosed California's rocks, the subducted crust melted below due to pressure and contact with the Earth's molten mantle layer. The subducted crust slowly melted from hard rock into magma. In some cases, the magma rose upwards into the continental crust forming large underground magma chambers. Wherever this magma cooled underground (over millions of years) granite formed. Millions of years later this granite would be thrust upwards as the mountains we see today. But not all of the magma cooled underground. Some breached the surface creating volcanoes and fissures, spewing lava of varying types onto land. At this time, the Sierra Nevada would have looked more like the present-day Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington or the Andes Mountains of South America. Lasting evidence of this volcanic period is common in the area surrounding Devils Postpile. For instance, the dark green rocks of the Minarets and the Ritter Range were created by a caldera that formed during this time. Hornfels near the Minaret Summit and San Joaquin Ridge are likely from this time period as well. Both of these examples have been highly metamorphosed during the millions of years since their original creation. Though the ancestral Sierra Nevada was rising, it was not nearly as high as the mountains we see today. Many millions of years would pass before the Sierra Nevada would rise to its current elevations.
Beginning about 65 million years ago, the ancestral Sierra Nevada began a long period of erosion. The climate was warm and wet at this time, accelerating both chemical and physical erosion processes. Warm shallow seas lapped at the base of the mountains. Rivers carried volcanic and metamorphic rocks and sediments into this shallow sea which is where the Great Central Valley of California lies today.
The Sierra Nevada takes on its present form
A renewal of volcanic activity in the Sierra Nevada and Cascades began some 30 million years ago and continues even today. The whole mountain range began tilting to the southwest some 25 million years ago as the Sierra Nevada slowly evolved into its present shape and form. Still, the Sierra was low enough to allow many rivers beginning in present-day Nevada flowed through the mountains en route to the Pacific. The San Joaquin River was one of these. It is believed that the headwaters of the San Joaquin began further to the east in present-day Nevada. About three million years ago a lava flow filled the northern portion of the San Joaquin River Valley isolating the river to areas west of the Sierran crest. Vestiges of this flow are seen in the dark layered, reddish rocks along the San Joaquin Ridge and above the road near Agnew Meadows. These rocks can be seen from the bridge near Devils Postpile, a ¼ mile walk from the Ranger Station.
By about 2 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada began rising quite rapidly. The range began tilting westward, uplifting peaks along the eastern edge to elevations comparable with those seen today. The climate became cooler and wetter during these times and as the Sierra Nevada rose higher and higher into the colder elevations, precipitation fell as snow instead of rain. During the intermittent ice ages, so much snow would accumulate that large glaciers formed. Beginning high up in the Ritter Range, glaciers flowed down the Reds Meadow Valley repeatedly throughout these centuries, shaping the valley to near its present form. This most recent period has been one of many dramatic and often opposing forces: volcanoes spewing fiery lava east of the Sierra's crest, mountains growing curtains of ice along the crest itself, earthquakes thrusting mountains higher and higher, and glaciers grinding mountains into domes. It is within this dramatic context that the Devils Postpile formation came to be.
The Postpile begins as a lake of lava
An estimated 80,000 to 100,000 years ago a lava vent began spewing hot basaltic lava into the Reds Meadow Valley near present-day Upper Soda Springs, a few miles north of the Monument. Basalt lava is rich in iron and magnesium and is typically much hotter than other types of lava. Because of these traits, basaltic lava tends to have a lower viscosity and will flow more quickly than other lava types. The lava flowed down the valley like a river until it was blocked by a natural dam, probably a glacial moraine left down-valley by a receding glacier during a previous ice age. The lava began filling the valley behind this dam, creating a lava lake 400 ft. deep in some areas. Such depth is uncommon among lava flows and plays a crucial role in the formation of the long columns we see today.
The lava cools and cracks reach deep into the formation
As the lava flow ceased, the molten rock began cooling into solid rock. Shallow parts of the lava flow would have solidified first, with deeper parts of the lava lake requiring much more time to release the massive amount of stored thermal energy. As the lava lake cooled and solidified from a molten soup to solid rock it began to contract. Contraction stresses developed because the cool solid form of basalt has a lesser volume than the hot liquid form. Cracks, also called joints by geologists, began to form. Jointing releases internal stress created by the cooling and associated contraction. In some locations, such as at the Devils Postpile, the jointing formed columns. Jointing would have begun at the top, bottom and all around the edges of the lava lake where the lava made direct contact with a cooler surface. The cracks would have extended inwards over time as the more insulated locations within the lava lake finally released enough thermal energy to change from a liquid to a solid state.
Powerful forces expose the beauty of the Postpile
The Devils Postpile used to be much taller than what we see today. Powerful erosive forces have been at work during the last 80,000 to 100,000 years carving, shaping and demolishing remnants of the lava flow. Freeze-thaw cycles help break apart the columns. Earthquakes knock columns down into the talus slope below. The river slowly eats away at pieces that fall into the water. But no force has left a greater footprint on the Postpile than that of glaciers. In fact, we wouldn't even see the beautifully straight hexagonal columns hidden within the depths of the lava flow had glaciers not excavated the formation. Several distinct glacial periods have occurred since the Postpile was formed and each has dug deeper and deeper into the dense, heavy rock known officially as andesitic basalt. The last major glacial period ended about 15,000 years ago. Glacial polish and striations evident on top of the Postpile are from this last glaciation.
Chromium is usually bound up in rocks as chromium III. However, weathering will convert chromium III to chromium VI if there is at least 0.1 per cent oxygen in the atmosphere. This results in a small change in the ratios of chromium isotopes 52 and 53.
"If there's less than 0.1 per cent oxygen in the air, the chromium isotopes don't change," says McGoldrick.
"Our study shows chromium in rocks older than 800 million years hadn't changed, which indicates that atmospheric oxygen levels were less than 0.1 per cent until that time."
Multicellular organisms only diversified after atmospheric oxygen levels increased above 0.1 per cent around 800 million years ago.
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text: Factory GM London | Circa £100,000 + package | From Telegraph Jobs Our client is one of the UK`s largest private label food manufacturing groups with annual revenues in excess of £1.2 billion. They currently have an opportunity for a Factory GM to join one of... their chilled manufacturing sites in London as they look to drive growth and initiate cultural change programme. Reporting to the Divisional Operations Director, the Factory GM will be responsible for managing and leading the operation and development of the site to ensure that business targets are met. Key responsibilities will be to: Develop and maintain strong leadership across the site, ensuring at all times that a well-structured and motivated management team is in place. Ensure effective teamwork throughout the business where any potential conflict is minimised. Ensure... Upload CV Go To Job Save Job

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Developer: Creative Assembly
Genre: Strategy
Preview: Trailer
Info: NFO
Size: 9400 MB
Format: ISO
Release Date: Sep 3, 2013
Release Name: Total War ROME II-RELOADED
Description: Encompassing one of the best-known periods in world history, Total War: Rome II will combines turn-based campaigns with large, cinematic real-time battles.Become the world's first superpower and command the most incredible and vast war machine of the Ancient world. Dominate the enemies of your glorious empire by military, economic and political means. Your rise will bring admiration from your followers but will also attract greed and jealousy, even from your closest allies. Will betrayal strike you down, or will you be the first to turn on old friends? How much are you ready to sacrifice for your vision of Rome? Will you fight to save the Republic, or plot to rule alone as Dictator – as Emperor?
Total War: ROME II – Emperor Edition (PC)
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text:
Kramer Releases VP-727T In-CTRL™ Seamless Switcher
Kramer Electronics is pleased to be showing the VP-727T Remote Control Panel for use with the VP-727 In-CTRL Seamless Switcher, at InfoComm in booth #4040.
The VP-727T is designed for use in live production and presentation environments which require remote operation of the VP-727 In-CTRL Seamless Switcher. The panel features a "T-Bar" for manual transitioning between video sources. more
Related Topics: Corporate AV, Education, Government, Houses of Worship, News |


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News Feeds
Who voted to arm the Syrian rebels?
Obama and Putin cite differences on Syria but say they want violence to end
President Barack Obama and his Russian counterpart — on opposite sides of a civil war but using delicate language about a difference of opinion — said Monday that they shared an interest in stopping the bloodshed in Syria, as the White House planned to announce more than $300 million in a new humanitarian aid package to go to the war-torn country and its neighbors. Obama and President Vladimir Put...
Putin, Obama to have dinner at G-8 summit
Syria tops agenda as Obama meets Putin at G-8 in Northern Ireland
President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin met Monday for the first time in more than a year, with the American leader hoping to persuade his counterpart to nudge the president of war-torn Syria to the negotiating table.Obama and Putin had a what was described as a "bilateral meeting" at the Group of Eight summit in Northern Ireland after Obama angered Moscow by authorizing Americ...
Obama, Putin discuss Syria at G-8 summit
Obama, Putin prepare for meeting
Supreme Court strikes down Arizona voter ID law
First Thoughts: Cold War tensions are back
Cold War tensions are back as G-8 summit begins… A test of Obama's international leadership… Cheney vs. Gore on NSA surveillance… New Yorker: Everything you wanted to know about the Gang of Eight... Boehner to abide by Hastert Rule on immigration?... What does Rowhani's win mean for the U.S.?... Poll: Markey leads Gomez by double digits… And Manchin gears up … for 2018!!!*** Cold War tensions are...
Poll: Obama's ratings slip following recent controversies
The series of controversies in Washington over the last month have taken a political toll on President Barack Obama, according to one new poll released Monday that showed his ratings slipping.Even as Americans mostly back the National Security Agency's controversial practices involving the "data-mining" of phone and internet records, Obama's own approval rating has suffered slightly, driven by dro...


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KEYNOTES, TALKS, & WORKSHOPS. The first step toward positive health behaviors is changing attitudes. In her speaking, Rebecca delivers multi-media keynote and informal talks to audiences across the globe.
SLEEP WELLNES CONSLUTING. Sleep is a critical health behavior, yet often one that is often forgotten in typical health promotion in workplace-based health initiatives and wellness programs. Adults need 7 – 8 hours of sleep, while teenagers need closer to 9 hours of sleep at night.
INDIVIDUAL CONSULTATIONS. With mounting to do lists, and ever expanding calendars, too often sleep gets the short end of the stick in all of our lives. Rebecca works one on one with individuals interested in learning more about good sleep habits, small changes to their everyday routines that can make dramatic differences in their day-to-day happiness, and success in the workplace, at school, or on the sports field.


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Senior Member
When I first started a year ago I started playing Kayle right after her first remake and she quickly became my main. Now, a year later, she's about to get another remake and I want to get back into her. But I don't quite know how I should be building her.
The old build was Zerker Greeves (sometimes Mercs) Rageblade, and Nashor's tooth. Has this changed at all? I know CDR is important for her, but 15% from masteries/runes and blue should be sufficient. I had considered trying Manamune, Zerkers, and Rabadon's on her.
So how is everyone building her? Any interesting builds going on?
© 2014 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


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There is almost too much information out there to sift through when planning to attack a new market or start a new venture. You need to be selective and focused. It should rarely be necessary to buy data. Here are ten top research tips.
1. Google – everyone uses search engines and Google is the most popular. However, try the 'advanced search' facility which enables you to use more search criteria to improve the quality of what comes back.
2. Check rivals – look at the sites of those you compete with. Register to receive their regular newsletter or RSS feed – let them tell you what they're up to!
3. Search people – research the people you want to do business with, or who compete with you. Find out what they're involved with – read their blogs, read criticism and praise.
4. Read minutes – most public organisations publish meeting minutes on the web. This can give you valuable background information if you're tendering for public sector work.
5. Learn search techniques – there are some clever things you can do with '&' and other symbols to gain specific information. Some examples are listed opposite.
6. Ask the obvious – if you want to know what a word means, type into the search engine the phrase 'xxxxx means' and you'll probably get a definition back.
7. Join a newsgroup – these are popular at home as well as at work. News and user groups give you access to a community of people most likely to know the answers to your questions. Ask people as well as a search engine.
8. Numbers count – many people forget that search engines can search phone numbers and postcodes. Google your own work phone number – you may be surprised what is revealed!
9. Go to university – you'll be amazed at how much new knowledge you can harvest from a university's website. Find the homepages of the academics researching your business sector. Most will have hyperlinks to papers they've written. Also visit university library sites – they're full of free information.
10. Check out books – the book reviews on sites such as Amazon often contain enough to inform you without having to buy the book.
Source: The Entrepreneur's Book of Checklists
- This blog download stuff contain only links to other sites on the Internet
- I do not host or upload any file here
- The article are written in English & Bahasa Malaysia.
Friday, October 31, 2014
- Mista Zam
- 2014, Tutorial Tips
- No comments
There is almost too much information out there to sift through when planning to attack a new market or start a new venture. You need to be selective and focused. It should rarely be necessary to buy data. Here are ten top research tips.
Thursday, October 23, 2014
- Mista Zam
- 2014, News
- No comments
Umat Islam keliru tentang membenarkan pegang anjing dgn tangan yg kering adalah dalam beberapa keadaan seperti darurat dan memburu. BUKAN pegang dan bela secara SENGAJA.
Bersikap ihsan kepada haiwan sememangnya satu tuntutan dalam Islam termasuk berlaku ihsan ke atas Anjing. Telah terbukti di dalam hadith yang sahih seorang pelacur tua telah dimasukkan ke dalam syurga kerana memberi minum seekor anjing yang kehausan.
"Ketika seekor anjing berpusing mengelilingi sebuah perigi dan hampir mati kerana dahaga, seorang pelacur daripada suku Bani Israil melihatnya. Lalu dia menanggalkan kasutnya dan memberi anjing tersebut minum dengannya. Maka Allah mengampunkan dia kerana perbuatannya itu." [Hadith Riwayat al-Bukhari di dalam kitab Shahihnya, hadis no: 3467]
Namun, kempen "I Want to Touch a Dog" bukanlah cara yang dimaksudkan oleh Nabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam.
Bersikap ihsan bukan bermaksud membela ataupun membelai. Sebaliknya ia bermaksud menjaga hak-hak haiwan trsebut. Sebagai contoh, apabila sakit ianya dirawat, apabila lapar diberi makan.
Bagi orang Islam, anjing tidak boleh dijadikan "pets", dibelai-belai, dimanja-manjakan, berbeza dengan kucing yang boleh menjadi teman kita bagi umat Islam.
"Kucing ini tidaklah najis. Sesungguhnya kucing merupakan haiwan yang sering kita jumpai dan berada di sekeliling kita." (HR. At Tirmidzi, Abu Daud, An Nasa'i, Ibnu Majah, Ad Darimi, Ahmad, Malik. Syaikh Al Albani dalam Irwa'ul Gholil no. 173 mengatakan bahwa hadits ini shahih)
Islam menetapkan kucing adalah haiwan peliharaan dan disifatkn dekat dengan manusia tetapi bukan anjing. Namun, kita diizinkan pelihara anjing dalam dua keadaan sahaja iaitu:
1. membela anjing untuk menjaga keselamatan
2. membela anjing untuk memburu
Selain daripada itu, tidak pernah diizinkn oleh syariat malah menjadi janggal acara seperti "I Want to Touch a Dog" diadakan apatah lagi diasaskan oleh orang Islam sendiri.
Saya menyokong sepenuhnya apa yang dilaksanakan oleh sahabat saya salah seorg Doctor Pakar di pusat perubatan swasta yang mengadakan rawatan percuma ke atas anjing-anjing pemburu masyarakat orang asli yang cedera. Perbuataan ini dikategorikan bersikap ihsan kepada anjing.
Saya bukan anti anjing, Tapi saya cuba sampaikan mengikut perspektif syariat dalam isu ini. Umat islam tak perlu 'support' kempen seperti ini. Sebaliknya umat Islam perlu 'support' kempen "Ihsan" kepada haiwan secara keseluruhannya termasuk anjing dan lain-lainya. Ini membuktikan ke-universal-an Islam.
Adakah selepas ini akan ada program "I Want to Touch a Pig" ?
Sumber: fb/mygosip
*Tepuk dada tanya iman :)
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
- Mista Zam
- 2014, Malaysia
- No comments
Believe You Are Your WorkWhen you're in University, did you ever wonder how it would be like once you have graduated and officially stepped out of the comfort zone, which is the student life, and entered the workplace? Sure, some of you may have had dreams of donning a tailored business suit and signing big deals. Yet others would be dreaming of saving lives, be it in the medical profession or the public services profession.
And then you will get those who dream of making it big on a public stage one day; the artists, the performers, the designers. Put together every other profession in between all that was aforementioned and all that weren't, and you would get the idea of how fresh graduates are sometimes known as the "eager beavers". We now take a look at the top 10 earning professions for those who have just been certified in their chosen fields. Some of the entries are quite a surprise, while others will only have your mother nodding in agreement and tutting at you, while you roll your eyes for the umpteenth time.
Do take note that these findings are taken from JobStreet.com who used their "salary matching feature" in order to conduct a study to find out average salary for each sector.
10) IT – Software (~ RM2,452/month)
What is IT? Apart from it being the acronym for "information technology" (any child can tell you that now, such is the hold that technology has over people nowadays!), it can be divided into two main categories: software and hardware. The former is referring to the programs within a computer, regardless of their architecture, and it has a non-tangible nature. Engineers who are tasked to maintain the software have to ensure that the programs installed are able to run the computer systems or hardware.
The nature of this job may sometimes cause the engineers to have odd working hours as the programs may crash at any time of the day, hence jeopardising business.
9) Sales – Corporate (~ RM2,456/month)
Don't misunderstand, this job is very dissimilar to the normal salespeople who accost you and pitch their talk for all sorts of things by the sidewalks or in eateries. The word "corporate" should already be a give-away; this position requires one to be able to close large orders or sales between their company and another, all while maintaining close business ties and safeguarding relationships. For example, if Fuji Xerox were to sign a deal with Mercedes in order to provide all their offices with printers nationwide.
The amount of money that is transacted between these two large companies and the significant amount of profit earned would therefore ensure that the salespeople in Fuji Xerox will be working very hard in order to maintain their relationships with Mercedes in order to secure them for any future transactions.
8) Actuarial Science (~ RM2,475/month)
Now this is an interesting position to be working in, as it involves the application of "mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance, finance and other industries and professions". Putting it simply, it means that an actuarial scientist is required to be fully qualified to perform a whole lot of calculations that actually includes a range of other subjects such as financial economics, probability and statistics. This is in order to estimate future contingent events for long-term insurance coverage that requires the knowledge to discount the value of funds set aside and invested.
These long term coverage required that money be set aside to pay future benefits, such as annuity and death benefits many years into the future.
7) Aviation (~ RM2,533/month)
This field was once the writer's dream job, believe it or not. Given the chance to pilot a plane into the clear blue skies, free as a bird, and watch the earth fall away behind. But we aren't here to reminisce about dreams gone by! Aviation is best defined as "design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft", and the word was first created in 1873 by a French writer and former naval officer, Gabriel La Landelle. In our previous article, Top 5 Highest Paying Jobs, a pilot is able to command a respectable salary that puts it on the number one spot with all the risks that they have to bear when in charge of an aircraft.
The people who are responsible for building and maintaining a solid and safe carrier, whether civil or otherwise, are also responsible in bearing the risks. Hence, it isn't hard to see why this field makes this list.
6) Geophysics (~ RM2,600/month)
There are two ways to look at this field. One is through the olden-day definition where it is only concerning the geological applications: Earth's gravity pull and its internal structure, amongst others. However, modern-day definition now takes into consideration the hydrological cycle (oceans and ice) as well as the factors that associate with other planets in the solar system. Sounds complicated? It sure is!
Not only does this field include people who study about all of the aforementioned elements, such as those who spend most of their time outdoors studying various features of the Earth or use computers for modelling and calculations, it can also involve people who are working in the oil and gas industries as they try to tackle the complex energy challenges faced by today's modern world.
5) Sales – Engineering / IT (~ RM2,612/month)
Once again, this field is far removed from the individualistic sales that depend on consumer-type sales methods; instead, it relies more on the salesperson having in-depth technical information and problem solving skills about the product or service. This is so that he or she will be able to provide advice and support (in terms of pre-sales and post-sales support). Not everyone is tech-savvy who will be able to understand the technical language that inevitably comes in this field, so one will need the patience and the ability to translate it for non-technical people.
A keen interest in all things engineering and IT will also be beneficial as the IT industry is expanding worldwide whereas the sales engineer will need to tailor solutions as they need to interact with customers having problems with equipment or are seeking a quick fix.
4) Doctor (~ RM2,719/month)
Here, we have the one job position that many, if not all, parents secretly hope their children will take an interest in. Not only is it a noble profession that garners a lot of respect where one will be able to serve others and save lives, but the job itself also pays considerably well. Generally, these people can also be known as physicians or medical practitioners, and they "promote, maintain, and restore health through studying, diagnosing, and treating illnesses, injuries, and other physical ailments".
Since there is a need for most of the doctors to be at work for irregular, and sometimes very long, hours due to the need for them to be on standby (for emergency cases), they are able to command a higher pay as their years of experience increase. In addition, doctors are able to branch out into various fields of speciality, such as for the brain, blood, female reproduction or children.
3) Sales – Financial Services (~ RM3,054/month)
Financial services actually encompass a broad range of organizations that manage money but it can best be described as the intangible economic services that are provided by the finance industry. The individuals who work in this industry are the ones who are qualified to "sell securities to individuals (such as life insurance or retirement income), advise companies in search of investors, and conduct trades." This is in addition to the basic sales skills of managing consumer behaviours and maintaining relationships.
Some of the primary responsibilities that are tasked to these financial salespeople would be to determine the financial needs of clients as well as the areas of improvement in order to assist them in achieving financial security.
2) Corporate Strategy (~ RM3,200/month)
Concerning the need for companies to create value across different businesses, this field requires its strategists to understand the way that the operations of a corporation harmonise together to achieve its goals as well as its overall scope and direction. You will be required to know how to respond to pressures from competitors as well as external issues that involve the needs of customers. This is called strategic planning for the company in order to position the company towards its chosen approaches.
In short, one can actually say that it is all about "specifying the organizations objectives, developing policies and plans designed to achieve these objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the plans".
1) Pharmacy (~ RM3,640/month)
Finally (but not least), we have the top field that a fresh graduate will be able to rake in the big bucks with: pharmacy. What immediately pops into your head as you read that word? The person in the oversized white lab coat who stands at the back of places like Guardian or Watson's? That's quite correct, yes, but did you also know that in this field, a pharmacist is able to work in different sectors such as in the nuclear pharmacy, which involves "preparing radioactive materials for diagnostic tests and for treating certain diseases, thereby requiring additional training specific to handling radioactive materials".
However, to put it simply, it is essentially a science that requires precise techniques to prepare as well as dispense drugs and medications. The primary aim for pharmacists is to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.
Top 10 Earning Jobs for Fresh GraduatesSo there you go, my young ladies and gentlemen, the ten jobs that will give you the best pay once you step out (freshly minted) from your tertiary institution.
Source: savemoney.my
Monday, October 13, 2014
- Mista Zam
- 2014, Life, Tips
- No comments
1. As
long as you are alive, anything is possible. The only valid excuse you
have to give up is if you are dead. As long as you are alive (and
healthy and free) you have the choice to keep trying until you finally succeed.
3. You are strong. You are stronger than you think. One little setback is not enough to stop you from achieving your goals. Neither are 10 or 100 or 1000 setbacks.
4. Prove yourself. You don't want to be known as someone that is weak and gives up. Go out there and prove yourself to the world and to yourself. You CAN and WILL achieve what you set out to do. The only time you fail is when you give up.
5. Believe in your dreams. Don't sell yourself short. In life there are going to be many people who will try to bring you down and tell you what you want to achieve is not possible.
6. Your family and friends. Let the people you love and who mean the world to you be your inspiration to persist and persevere. Maybe you need to try a different angle, study more or practice more but don't give up!
7. There are people worse-off. Right now there are many people who are in a worse situation and environment than you are. Are you thinking about giving up running 5 miles a week? Think about the people who are unable to even walk and how much they would give to be able to run 5 miles every day.
8. You deserve to be happy. Don't ever let anybody tell you otherwise. You deserve to be happy and you deserve to have success. Keep that mindset and never give up until you reach your destination!
9. Inspire others. Be an inspiration to others by refusing to give up. Who knows what someone else can achieve because you never gave up and in turn inspired them not to give up.
10. You are so close. Often when you feel like you want to give up you are so close to making a huge breakthrough. You are just a heartbeat away from success.
- Mista Zam
- 2014, Life, Tips
- No comments
Sometimes it can be rather difficult to build successful
relationships with men. That is due to the fact they are absolutely
different from women. If you really want to understand men, I should say
that simple communication is not enough. There are lots of books
available about men and their psychology. Perhaps you'll be surprised to
find out some interesting things about women that are important to men.
I recommend you to get acquainted with these things if you want to
avoid numerous misunderstandings with your man. Here are some of them.
1. Respect
One of the greatest things that really matter to men is respect. They do everything possible in order to be respected by their friends and colleagues. When a guy sees that he is not respected enough by others, he suffers greatly. Moreover, lack of respect may even lower his self-esteem. When it comes to relationship with women respect also should be taken into consideration. We usually don't pay much attention to this thing, but those girls who give boys respect will win over.
2. Appreciation
I was amazed to discover that almost all men can't live without appreciation. They constantly need compliments on their achievements. The only thing you have to do is to be grateful to a man and his happiness will be endless. He will experience the same feeling as you do when hearing about his love. Just say a few compliments to your guy and you will see the difference.
3. Your Smile
Do you know that your smile is fantastic? You can charm everybody with it, especially your man. Let him enjoy the warmth of your happy smile. Surely, every man wants to have an optimistic woman in his life who will always share her positive emotions with him. If a girl is happy that means she has a loving and caring boy. By showing your happiness to your guy you'll give him an opportunity to understand how good he is. Remember that such small thing like your smile contributes greatly to your relationship with the one you love.
4. Time to Think
The fact is that men don't think very quickly. When some great events happen in their life, they need extra time to process everything. Every time your man has to make a serious decision he will always hesitate and think it over for a long time. As a rule, it takes him much time to consider all pros and cons of the situation. As for women, they always know what they think of the issue discussed.
5. You Look Beautiful
It doesn't mean that your guy will grudge when he sees you wearing your favorite pajamas at home. However, it will bring him more pleasure to watch you looking your best. But you shouldn't use a lot of makeup or buy the most expensive and stylish clothes. Actually, being beautiful is not looking like a top model. Natural beauty is much more appreciated than anything else. Your sweetheart will be happy to know that you make efforts to look amazing only for him.
6. Compliments on His Work
Another thing that matters to your man is your praise for his work. Try to compliment him whenever he deserves it. If a guy works hard to achieve success, your appreciation will certainly motivate him for greater results. No matter what your husband or boyfriend does, your compliments will cheer him up. Moreover, you can improve his mood with your pleasant words.
7. Your Laugh
You can be sure that your laugh influences your man in the same way as your smile does. Without a doubt, your laugh has a magical effect on your close people. It is the brightest sign of your joy and happiness. If you smile and laugh a lot, your guy will always feel comfortable with you. I'm convinced it's impossible to build a happy and successful relationship with a man if he often sees you dissatisfied and unhappy.
It is obvious that you should be aware of your man's likes and dislikes, things that make him happy. In such way you can reach a mutual understanding with the most precious person in your life. Bear in mind all these things when you communicate with your sweetheart. Which of them do you find the most effective? Please share your thoughts in the comments section.
Source: amerikanki.com
Thursday, October 9, 2014
- Mista Zam
- 2014, Blogger, Nuffnang
- No comments
Kami ingin mengalu-alukan anda sebagai sebahagian dari komuniti blog
Nuffnang dan terima kasih kerana sudi mendaftar blog anda dengan
Nuffnang! Kami ingin berkongsi petua bagaimana meningkatkan pendapatan
blog anda dengan mengikuti langkah-langkah tersebut.
Apakah yang anda perlu lakukan?
Sebelum kita boleh memperuntukkan iklan kepada blog anda, sistem kami memerlukan masa untuk memproses trafik blog anda. Proses ini akan mengambil sekurang-kurangnya 21 hari selepas anda memasang unit iklan di blog anda, oleh itu jangan risau jika tidak ada iklan dipapar di unit iklan anda. Selepas blog anda diserahhakkan kempen, anda akan mendapat emel tentang info kempen tersebut daripada Ad Operations kami. Jika anda tidak berhasrat untuk mengambil bahagian dalam kempen tersebut, anda boleh emel ahli Ad Ops kami untuk menarik diri daripada kempen tersebut.
Sebagai rangkaian blog yang terbesar dalam Malaysia, terdapat banyak cara untuk anda untuk mengambil bahagian dalam komuniti Nuffnang. Berikut adalah tips daripada kami:
- Cara-cara untuk meningkatkan trafik blog anda.
Kami mencadangkan minimum 20 views setiap hari. Anda boleh mensasarkan untuk mencapai 100 views setiap hari jika trafik blog anda melebihi 20 views setiap hari.
- Pilih susun atur blog yang memberikan ruang untuk unit iklan!
Nuffnang mempunyai 3 jenis unit iklan yang anda boleh letak di blog anda iaitu leaderboard, skyscraper, dan large rectangular. Kebanyakan pengiklan akan memilih unit iklan leaderboard dan skyscraper, oleh itu kami mencadangkan supaya anda memastikan blog anda mempunyai ruang untuk unit tersebut. Untuk maklumat lanjut berkaitan dengan saiz and penempatan unit iklan, sila log masuk ke Nuffnang dan klik "Add ads".
- Pastikan Nuffnang mengetahui apa jenis blog anda!
Pada masa anda berdaftar dengan Nuffnang, anda dikehendaki melengkapkan kajian untuk memilih kategori blog anda. Dengan ini, ia membolehkan kami untuk mencari blog yang sesuai untuk kempen iklan yang berkenaan.
- Memahami pembaca blog anda.
Dengan memahami pilihan pembaca blog anda, anda boleh mengetahui bagaimanakah pembaca anda akan bertindak terhadap iklan dan jenama yang ada pada unit iklan blog anda. Iklan Nuffnang adalah disasar kepada kategori atau golongan yang berkenaan. Justeru itu, pilih kategori yang sesuai untuk blog anda, bukan sahaja akan membolehkan kami untuk memperuntukkan iklan yang sesuai kepada blog anda, malahan dapat menambah pendapatan blog anda.
- Pengiklanan banner Nuffnang.
Nuffnang akan memapar iklan di unit iklan yang ada pada blog yang telah berdaftar dengan Nuffnang. Unit-unit iklan tersebut membolehkan kami mengukur trafik blog anda, dan pada masa yang sama dapat mengiklankan di blog anda. Dengan cara ini, anda akan mendapat pendapatan. Walaupun anda hanya dikehendaki meletak salah satu unit iklan di blog anda, tetapi lebih banyak unit iklan yang anda letak, semakin tinggi peluang blog anda akan dipilih untuk kempen iklan yang berkenaan.
Sekian, Terima Kasih.
- Mista Zam
- 2014, Blogger, Nuffnang
- No comments
Hye bloggers,
Yaaaay! Finally, i decide to cash it out.
Just wanna share regarding my first payout from Nuffnang.
I earn it from 2008 till Sept 2014, its being 6 years to get this.
Well im not a hardcore blogger.
Its not much compare to year i earn it and to what other bloggers are receiving on their blog but it's a good start and it inspires me to work harder as a blogger.
But i feel exited, happy & graceful i got paid by blogging activities, its being along time to get all this.
Thanks Nuffnang :)


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How About Some Vampire Blood With That Steak?
Looking for a spooky meal this Halloween? Then you need to make reservations at the Vampire Cafe located in the famous shopping district of Ginza in Tokyo, Japan. The gothic restaurant decorated with skulls, crucifixes, candelabras, spooky spiders and Dracula's coffins makes you feel like you're in a horror movie and, is a perfect way to end this fun holiday.
The spooky effect is completed by a glowing floor of red blood cells, cobwebs hanging off chandeliers and broken mirrors. If that is not enough the restaurant also features spooky Baroque music from the 17th century and, sinister looking waiters dressed in tuxedoes.
The morbid decor also extends to the menu, which features a fun mix of Italian, French and Japanese cuisine. An order of marinated octopus suckers and smoked salmon is served in a little burial casket, while 'raw' tuna spring rolls are arranged like a cross on a bed of thinly sliced tomatoes and the chicken is cooked in a vampire gravy! For dessert there are eyeballs with hats that come with a bat cookie and many other spooky but delicious concoctions.
Need a drink? The restaurant recommends 'Vampire Blood', a mixture of red vine and fruit juice - and then of course there is myriad of other 'bloody' drinks. As you would expect, this spooky fun does not come cheap - A dinner for two will cost you about $100 USD. I would totally pay up wouldn't you?
Happy Halloween!
Sources:guardian.co.uk, odditycentral.com,damncoolpics.com
179 Comments
- deathregainedThursday, November 6, 2014 at 12:03 pmnot scary
- deathregainedSaturday, November 1, 2014 at 5:11 pmwow
- GERNESHAFriday, October 31, 2014 at 10:29 amTHAT IS NOT SPOOKY I WILL GO THERE
- happypug12Tuesday, October 14, 2014 at 8:56 amI am not going there for Halloween. Too spooky!
- cece123456789Wednesday, October 8, 2014 at 10:32 amI want to go there 😝
- asesinoThursday, September 4, 2014 at 2:57 pmI.NEED.TO.GO.TO.JAPAN.ONE.DAY
- coolnicki477Friday, August 22, 2014 at 10:30 amYou know.... its not that scary its just a normal Halloween cafe
- coolnicki477Friday, August 22, 2014 at 10:30 amOk... I eat my steaks medium rare, but I'm NOT going for vampire blood
- AbbyFriday, August 15, 2014 at 8:44 amI am so not going there!
- smileyface4lifeWednesday, June 11, 2014 at 12:59 pmthat's sooooooo cool!!!!!! OMG!! :|
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"Early childhood education has always been a field based on the vision of new possibilities for a more humane and peaceful world. It was during my years as a college instructor for women in poverty entering early childhood education that I began to explore and develop new ways of teaching that recognize the strengths and gifts of our nontraditional students."
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The average temperature in Canada varies by season and area, with the highest temperatures registering in July, when Toronto hits an average high of 81 F. The coldest months are January and February.
The city of Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories has the nation's lowest average temperature, registering an average low of minus 24 F in January. Spring temperatures arrive late in Canada. The highest average high temperature for May is 66 F for Montreal and Winnepeg. Summer highs are in the 70s in most of the country. Temperatures cool down quickly in October, when most cities have an average high in the 50s.
Jupiter's average temperature is about 24,875 degrees Fahrenheit. This doesn't mean Jupiter is a hot planet though. Near the cloud tops it's well below freezing, but the core of Jupiter
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* Vancouver, BC: 32 / 43°Fahrenheit (0 / 6°Celsius) * Edmonton, AB: -2 / 18°F, (-19 / -8°C) * Yellowknife, NWT: -24 / -9°F, (-31 / -23°C) * Inukjuak, NU: -


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Fold & Go Barn Fold & Go Mini Dollhouse
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Very adorable.
This is so cute! Natural wood toys are my favourite and I really on buy them for my nieces and nephews. They would adore this treehouse. I've also found fun wooden toys at http://woodentoygallery.co.uk but they don't have anything like this!
All-inclusive and self-storing, this compact color-reveal Scratch Art book brings the fun anywhere kids may go. With the included wooden stylus, children can etch within the lines to reveal 12 vehicle scenes featuring cars, trucks, trains, and more; by adding patterns and details, they can make each picture uniquely their own! Each set comes with built-in storage for the included stylus.
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Our first stop will be Zuunmod, capital city of Tov aimag (province). After one hour driving we will arrive in the centre of this small administrative town.
From here we will continue to Manzushir Monastery. The monastery is located 8 km from Zuunmod in Boghdkhan National Park. The surroundings are beautiful and peaceful rolling hills covered with pine and cedar trees. The place is dotted with granite formation creating a mystical atmosphere. We can understand why monks settled here to live their religious life.
Manzushir Monastery was established in 1733 and included more than 20 temples and 350 monks. Tragically, it was destroyed during the Stalinist purges of 1937. We will see the two-tonnes bronze cauldron and pay a visit to the small monastery museum.
After discovering the Monastery and its secrets, we will start our trek over the Bogdkhan Mountain. We will trek through dense forests and end our trek in the Zaisan valley, at the other side of the hill. There we will be picked up by our vehicle.
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Rent Apartments on Osokorky
Apartment | 1 bedrooms | sleeps 3
|Key Info
Apartments are located 100 meters from Osokorky metro station in Kiev. It features an elevator, air conditioning and on-site mini-market. Free Wi-Fi is also available.
Featuring contemporary-style interiors, the apartments come with a flat-screen TV, wardrobe and desk. The bathrooms are equipped with a hairdryer.
Guests can prepare their meals in the kitchen, which comes complete with a kettle, fridge and dining area. Various cafes and restaurants are located within a 5-minute walk of the apartments.
The distance to Zoloti Vorota and Maidan Nezalezhnosti is 14 km from the apartments. Kiev Train Station is located 16 from the property, and Boryspil International Airport is 24 km away.
|Sleeps up to 3, 1 bedrooms
|Will consider
|Long term lets (over 1 month), Short breaks (1-4 days)
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Air conditioning, Wi-Fi available
|1 bedroom, 2 bathrooms of which 2 Family bathrooms
|1 Sofa beds, Double beds (2), Dining seats for 3, Lounge seats for 1
|Balcony or terrace
Availability Your dates are available
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Alona N.
67% Response rate
Calendar last updated:18 Oct 2013
Based in Ukraine
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A Preliminary Assessment of Decentralization in Education: Experiences in Mon State and Yangon Region02/19/2014
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The Myanmar Development Resource Institute's Centre for Economic and Social Development (MDRI-CESD) and The Asia Foundation are pleased to present the first volume in the Subnational Governance in Myanmar Discussion Paper Series.
This discussion paper examines decentralization within the formal education system in Myanmar in Yangon Region and Mon State. The aspects of decentralization considered include arrangements between the central government and the states for the management of education, including budgets, human resources, curriculum, policy frameworks, and overall decision-making authority.


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Dear Dave,
My husband works construction, so we barely scrape by during the winter months. Should we build an emergency fund for the slow times?
Dear Cathy,
I think that's a great idea. Although, I'd probably call it something other than an emergency fund. How about a squirrel fund? Squirrels need to have nuts saved up for winter, and in your case you'd be setting money aside during the summer to get you through the slow winter months.
You may think I'm playing games with the name, but really I'm not. This sort of saving isn't for emergencies. It's a budget issue, because you're planning and setting aside cash leading up to the down time you know is coming. Keep your emergency fund of three to six months of expenses separate from this, and take a careful look at what he made this winter and how much that left you short each month.
Remember, we're not talking about some random amount of money here. It's an exact amount that you can budget for accordingly. Teachers can do the same thing if they're not paid 12 months a year. It's a simple matter of planning ahead for the down time, and setting aside enough during the other nine months to see you through!
Dear Dave,
What do you think about the idea of putting your emergency fund into bonds?
Dear Ryan,
I think that's a really bad idea, and here's why. Bond values and prices go down as long-term interest rates rise. Right now, long-term interest rates—a good example would be mortgage rates—are ticking up. They've moved up a quarter of a percent recently. So, as this happens, the value of bonds goes down. If these interest rates spiked, you could lose half your emergency fund.
Never, ever put your emergency fund into things where risk and volatility are factors. An emergency fund isn't an investment. It's there to help protect things that areinvestments and your life. Keep it in something safe and simple, like a money market account where there's no penalty for early withdrawal.
We're not looking to make money with an emergency fund, Ryan. It's insurance. Just let it sit there, safe and sound, until it's needed.
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Kim Kardashian "Sad" Over Kris Humphries Annulment Filingby Hilton Hater at . Comments
Kris Humphries is almost definitely not gay. But the emerging power-forward-turned-reality-star has filed to annul his marriage to Kim Kardashian, effectively asking the court to legally decree this ex-couple's wedding never took place.
No, this does not mean they'd give back the millions of dollars earned from the televised nuptials. Those bank deposits definitely took place.
So, how does Kim feel about her estranged husband's wish for an annulment?
"The filing is, of course, upsetting," an insider tells People. "She respects Kris and just wants them both to find peace and move on... Kim doesn't want a battle."
But she may have one on her money-starved hands because - for religious reasons - a friend of Kris' tells TMZ that divorce simply is not an option for him. Even if the annulment doesn't work out, he'd prefer an "indefinite separation" because it would keep him clean in the eyes of the church.
"Kim is sad how things ended up," says the People source. "The split was a devastating decision from the beginning."
We do not believe her.
Now that things aren't going her way, she is saying he is gay....I hate this word but......she is a cunt.
She should b ashamed of herself and realize she has just started the begining of the end of her media darling career!
she needs to give him back his ring. that was with a intent to marry,not so if it was only 72 hours. maybe that is why she did it 2 have the ring.
people have money and want even more in a ring.the only think that will make her happy is MONEY!PEOPLE ARE SICK OF HEARING ABOUT THEM.
leave chris alone, she took advanage of him. he is down to earth and she is more intrested in herself and money. SHE SHOULD NEVER NEVER GET MARRIED TO ANYONE!!!
@ annette- You sure know enough and care enough to post about it. That puts your a$$ in the same boat as the rest of us. Most of us here are too old to be told what we can and can not care about.
This is what's wrong with our society. Too many people caring way too much over what someone in the public eye does with their life. So what, they split up. People are taking it way to personal. How do you know that he wasn't abusive towards her? He seems, just by watching the show, to be a huge douche anyways. There was so much pressure on Kim to go through with the wedding and all this nonsense about her doing it for the money is kind of ridiculous because she has plenty of money without and he is the one suing her. Leave the girl alone and get a life. Quite harping on the details of someone elses life. There are much more bigger and more important things going on in our country besides Kim Kardashian's divorce.
You bet she's sad. If he gets the annulment, the pre-nup goes out the window, and you know it was written to benefit her over him. Plus if it contained any confidentiality provisions, they're out too, so he's free to run his mouth now. In fact, sad isn't the right word; "terrified" is probably more accurate.
Kim is sad? Hahahaha! Puh-lease. She filed w/out even TRYING to save her marriage and that tells me she did not value this relationship. The only things she is sad about are the public backlash, the lack of a cash cow from this marriage (read: baby), that Kris beat her to filing an annulment and that the public is sympathizing w/Kris H. She thought she was America's darling but she was sorely mistaken.
NOBODY believes her, Lying biatch!
lmfao. He wants an indefinite separation because he's gay. He's not interested in marrying another woman.
Nothing more than a narcissistic


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Sonneman Gem 1 Light Wall Sconce
Sonneman Gem 1 Light Wall Sconce
Additional Documents
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Armed Sconces
|Style: Contemporary
|Finish: 1: Brass/Antique Brass
|Finish: 2: Black
|Finish: 3: White
|Shade Included: Yes
|Bulb Type: Incandescent
|Bulb Wattage: 60 Watts (W)
|Bulb Voltage: 120 Volts (V)
|Bulb Included: No
|Canopy Included: No
|Cord Included: No
|Lens Included: No
|Number of Lights: 1
|Country of Manufacture: Imported
|Assembly Required: Yes
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Sonneman Gem 1 Light Wall Sconce
Sonneman Gem 1 Light Wall Sconce
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We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund.30-Day Return Policy
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About the ManufacturerSONNEMAN - A Way Of Light - is closely connected to Robert Sonneman, the designer, and his commitment to the ideals and the promise of the brand.
OUR SKU # SEN1844Gem 1 Light Wall Sconce is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 4452.09K, 4452.09W, 4452.35K, 4452.35W


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Sharming Inn
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"A good all round hotel with friendly and helpful staff.…"
A good all round hotel with friendly and helpful staff. Our 9 year and 14 year old loved the games room - if older they would probably have joined liked the disco. Good swimming pools with immaculate landscaped grounds. Our all-inclusive holiday was brilliant value for money - the food was very edible, the drinks (alcoholic and non alcohlic) were very palatable. The rooms were clean, though theh bathrooms looked a bit worn in places. Although given a local five star rating, this was not the same as a UK five star hotel, but totally adequate for our needs.Read moreLess
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