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NASA IG Wants Improvements to Planetary Science Senior Reviews
NASA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) is seeking improvements in how NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) decides on extending mission operations in its four scientific disciplines, especially planetary science.
SMD has four divisions that manage its scientific spacecraft -- astrophysics, earth science, heliophysics, and planetary science. Those spacecraft routinely operate for years after their primary missions are completed and SMD holds "Senior Reviews" every two years to assess whether extending the mission operations for each spacecraft is a worthwhile investment in terms of the scientific return.
The OIG report issued today generally praised the Senior Reviews for astrophysics, earth science, and heliophysics for including all eligible projects and providing budgetary and programmatic guidance for five years. By contrast, the OIG criticized planetary science Senior Reviews because they "unnecessarily excluded some projects," focused on a shorter time frame, and "had no documented rationale for extended mission budget guidelines." SMD's Planetary Science Division (PSD) just completed its 2014 Senior Review.
That is not to say that the other three divisions got a complete green light. The report goes on to say that all four divisions provide guidance that projects in extended operations should cost less, with astrophysics and heliophysics specifying than the costs for extended mission operations should be one-third less that during the primary mission phase. Only rarely are costs reduced to that level, however, and sometimes they actually go up. Of the 22 projects investigated, only one received one-third less in its first year of extended operations and 10 of the 22 received more and the "pattern remained relatively constant through the first 3 years of extended operations." According to a chart in the report, examples of the projects that received more in their first year of extended operations than in the last year of primary operations are Aqua, Cloudsat, IBEX, Spitzer Space Telescope, STEREO, SWIFT, and Terra.
The OIG offered four recommendations to improve the Senior Review process, three of which were targeted specifically at the PSD. SMD Associate Administrator John Grunsfeld responded in a letter that is appended to the report. He generally concurred with the recommendations while acknowledging that there may be cases where flexibility is required. For example, the OIG recommended that funding and program guidance be provided for "at least the next four fiscal years," instead of two as is currently the practice for PSD. Grunsfeld said he was not opposed to reconsidering PSD's two-year horizon, but that the missions vary enough between divisions that "tailored approaches" may be needed.
Grunsfeld also said that NASA would continue to exclude missions from Senior Reviews if their primary mission operations had not begun by the time the Senior Review was conducted. For example, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission was not included in the recently completed 2014 Senior Review because it had not yet reached Mars. The OIG argued, however, that the Senior Review covered operations for FY2015-2016 and by then MAVEN will be past its primary operational period.
NASA Rescinds CCtCAP Stop-Work Order, Boeing and SpaceX May Proceed
NASA today rescinded its directive to Boeing and SpaceX to stop work on the Commercial Crew Transportation Capability (CCtCAP) contracts because of the protest filed by Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC). The agency said it was acting under its statutory authority to avoid significant adverse consequences.
In a posting to its commercial crew website, NASA said a failure to provide commercial crew services for the ISS as soon as possible could pose a risk to ISS crews, jeopardize continued ISS operations, delay increasing the size of the ISS crew from 6 to 7 (the additional crew member's time would be primarily devoted to scientific research that is the fundamental rationale for building the ISS), and could result in the United States failing to meet its international commitments.
"These considerations compelled NASA to use its statutory authority to avoid significant adverse consequences where contract performance remained suspended," NASA said.
NASA awarded the CCtCAP contracts on September 16, but SNC filed a protest with the Government Accountability Office (GAO) on September 26. GAO has 100 days to rule on the protest, which could have delayed worked until January 2015.
Arianespace Announces Cause of Galileo Launch Anomaly
Arianespace released the results of an investigation into why two European Union (EU) Galileo navigation satellites were left in the wrong orbit following a launch using Russia's Soyuz rocket with Fregat upper stage. The root cause was a "shortcoming" in the system thermal analysis of the Fregat design that led to freezing of the hydrazine fuel.
The conclusion was reached by an Independent Inquiry Board established by Arianespace after the August 22, 2014 anomaly. The two Galileo satellites, intended to be the first of the Full Operational System, were stranded in an orbit that renders them unable to perform their primary mission. The inquiry Board was led by Peter Dubock, former Inspector General of the European Space Agency (ESA). The EU is funding the Galileo navigation satellite system, which is similar to the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS). ESA is the EU's design and procurement agent for Galileo. The EU plans to have 30 operational Galileo satellites in orbit by the end of the decade.
Arianespace launches Russia's Soyuz rocket from its launch site in Kourou, French Guiana, through a partnership with Russia's space agency, Roscosmos, and two Russian manufacturers -- RKTs-Progress, which builds Soyuz, and NPO Lavochkin, which builds the Fregat upper stage.
At first, the August 22 launch seemed to go fine, but the satellites were later discovered in the wrong orbit. The Arianespace inquiry drew on data supplied by its Russian partners and its findings "are consistent with" a separate board of inquiry appointed by Roscosmos.
The Soyuz rocket was exonerated and found to have performed as planned. The problem was in the Fregat upper stage because the hydrazine fuel froze and blocked the fuel supply to the Fregat's thrusters. The fuel froze because the hydrazine and cold helium feed lines were connected by the same support structure, creating a thermal bridge. The root cause was found to be "ambiguities" in the design documentation as the result of poor system thermal analysis in the design phase.
Arianespace concluded that the issue is easy for Lavochkin to resolve and launches could resume as early as December 2014. The company also noted that this failure followed 45 consecutive successful uses of the Fregat.
MIT Analysis Paints Bleak Outcome for Mars One Concept - UPDATE 2
UPDATE 2, October 10: The MIT students will hold a Reddit Ask Me Anything (AMA) session from 3:00-6:00 pm ET today to answer questions about their analysis (username: MarsOneAnalysis). The AMA can be accessed at: http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/2ivo0t/we_are_the_authors_of_the_mit_mars_one/. They also have posted an Open Letter to further explain their purpose and conclusions. If we learn of Mars One holding any similar public discussion, we will be happy to spread the word on that as well.
UPDATE: This October 7, 2014 article was updated on October 8 with a response from Mars One co-founder and CEO Bas Lansdorp. On October 9, Mr. Lansdorp added a comment to the DisQus feature of this website explaining some of his concerns about the MIT analysis.
An analysis by a team of MIT students of the Mars One concept to send people to Mars on one-way missions to establish a settlement there offers a bleak picture of the outcome. The paper was presented at the International Astronautical Congress (IAC2014) in Toronto last week.
Sydney Do, Koki Ho, Samuel Schreiner, Andrew Owens and Olivier de Weck conducted "An Independent Assessment of the Technical Feasibility of the Mars One Mission Plan" supported by grants from NASA and the Josephine de Karman Fellowship Trust.
The team looked at the Mars One plan as outlined in public sources, especially its assertions that a sustainable society on Mars can be established beginning in the 2020s using existing technology. A "pre-deployment" phase between 2018 and 2023 would send robotic precursors and establish a crew "habitat" on the surface to await the first crew, which would be launched in 2024. Additional four-person crews and habitats would be launched at every 26-month opportunity thereafter.
Because many details of the Mars One plan are not available, the MIT team made a number of assumptions that are comprehensively explained in order to conduct their analysis.
Some of the key conclusions of the study are that:
The lead author, Sydney Do, a Ph.D. candidate in aeronautics and astronautics at MIT, said via email that in his view "the Mars One Concept is unsustainable" because of the current state of technology and its "aggressive expansion approach" of quickly adding more and more people rather than keeping the settlement at a fixed size for a period of time.
The paper acknowledges that the study was based on "the best available information" and the team is willing to update their analysis if more information becomes available.
MarsOne co-founder and CEO Bas Lansdorp, in an email to SpacePolicyOnline.com on October 8, said that while he welcomed the students' analysis, his company does not have time to respond to all the questions it receives from students and "the lack of time for support from us combined with their limited experience results in incorrect conclusions."
Editor's Note: Mr. Lansdorp's October 8 email discusses several areas where he believes the MIT analysis is incorrect. We encouraged him to post his entire comment to our website's DisQus feature, but he declined. We responded that if he does post his entire reaction elsewhere (perhaps on the Mars One site), we will be happy to include a link to it.
Editor's Note 2: On October 9, Mr. Lansdorp did, indeed, add a comment to the DisQus feature of this website explaining his concerns. It can be found in the comment stream labeled "Bas Lansdorp."
Stephen Volz Moves from NASA to NOAA to Lead NESDIS
Stephen Volz has been chosen by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to succeed Mary Kicza as head of NOAA's Satellite and Information Service (NESDIS). Volz begins his new duties on November 2.
Volz comes to NOAA from NASA, where he was associate director for Flight Programs in the Earth Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate (SMD). NASA and NOAA have a close relationship on environmental satellites, which includes weather satellites. NASA is the procurement agent for NOAA's satellites, overseeing their development and launch after NOAA sets the requirements. NESDIS is the part of NOAA that is responsible for satellites, including the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R series now in development.
NOAA Administrator Kathy Sullivan praised Volz's "outstanding executive leadership skills and technical expertise." And while NASA may be losing a top manager, SMD Associate Administrator John Grunsfeld also expressed enthusiasm: "We are thrilled that NOAA has selected one of our top program managers" and "I look forward to working with him as [both agencies] continue to support a weather-ready nation."
Dr. Stephen Volz. Photo credit: NOAA
At NASA headquarters, Volz was the program executive for CloudSat, CALIPSO and ICEsat. While at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, he was an instrument manager, a systems engineer, and a cryogenic systems engineer on programs including the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), a satellite that enabled discoveries that won John Mather and George Smoot Nobel Prizes. Volz also worked at Ball Aerospace, where he led the design and development of the Spitzer Space Telescope. He has a Ph.D. in experimental condensed matter physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Volz succeeds Mary Kicza, who also joined NOAA from NASA. She retired earlier this year.
What's Happening in Space Policy October 6-10, 2014
Here is our list of space policy related events for the week of October 6-10, 2014 and any insight we can offer about them. Congress is in recess until November 12.
During the Week
World Space Week 2014 continues (it began on Saturday) with events worldwide commemorating the beginning of the Space Age on October 4, 1957 and the benefits derived from space over the decades. This year's theme is "Space: Guiding Your Way" and the DC chapter of the International Space University alumni association will hold a Space Café on Tuesday featuring James Miller, who works for NASA's Space Communications and Navigation program.
Two of the five standing committees of the National Research Council's (NRC's) Space Studies Board (SSB) will meet this week. The five committees align with the five Decadal Surveys the SSB produces that advise NASA and other agencies on the top space science priorities. The committees provide a forum to maintain discussion about the topics in between the once-a-decade (hence "decadal") reports. This is the first meeting of the new Committee on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space, formed after completion of the first Decadal Survey for that field of research, which was published in 2011. It is meeting at the NRC's Keck Center on 5th Street Tuesday and Wednesday, though the sessions on Wednesday are closed to the public. The SSB's Committee on Solar and Space Physics will meet Tuesday-Thursday across town at the National Academy of Sciences building on Constitution Ave. It will have open sessions the first two days. (If you're keeping track, the Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Sciences and the Committee on Earth Science and Applications in Space met in September; the Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics meets in November.)
On Tuesday the first of two "U.S." spacewalks scheduled for October will take place from the International Space Station (ISS). They are "U.S." because they involve tasks on the U.S. Operating Segment (USOS) and the spacewalkers will be wearing U.S. spacesuits, but one of the two is Europe's Alexander Gerst (joining NASA's Reid Wiseman) so it really is a U.S./ESA spacewalk. Next week (October 15) Wiseman and NASA's Barry "Butch" Wilmore will do another spacewalk, and the week after that, on October 22, two of the Russian cosmonauts will do a spacewalk on their segment of the ISS. It's a busy time on the ISS with visiting spacecraft coming and going in addition to those spacewalks. Three new crewmembers just arrived on September 25. Two cargo spacecraft, a Russian Progress and SpaceX Dragon, already docked there will depart and be replaced by a new Progress and an Orbital Sciences Corporation Cygnus later this month.
Those and other events for the week of October 6-10 that we know about as of Sunday afternoon are listed below.
October 6-10, Monday- Friday
Tuesday, October 7
Tuesday-Wednesday, October 7-8
Tuesday-Thursday, October 7-9
Tuesday-Friday, October 7-10
Thursday, October 9
IAC2014 Day Four Opens with Diverse Views on the Post-ISS Future
Bigelow Aerospace plans to make being an astronaut less special because there will be so many of them promised the company's Washington representative Mike Gold. Gold was one of the panelists at a session of the 2014 International Astronautical Congress (IAC2014) today (October 2) on what's next after the International Space Station (ISS).
As has been typical at this IAC, top level representatives of Russia and China are not here to participate in plenary sessions because of visa issues, but others from those countries were able to attend to present papers in technical sessions. In this case, Zhao Yuqi of China's Manned Spaceflight Agency was absent from this post-ISS plenary. Nonetheless, the panel provided a broad array of viewpoints, from Gold's private sector perspective, to Bill Gerstenmaier from NASA, to Hansjörg Dittus from the German space agency DLR, to German former astronaut Ernst Messerschmid, currently a professor at the Universität Stuttgart.
If there was one message from all of them it was that the International Space Station (ISS), while an outstanding success with tremendous potential, will be one-of-a-kind.
Dittus made a case for a modular approach to future space facilities where the modules are not linked together as they are in ISS. He advocates a separation of tasks in separate modules to avoid complex international agreements and technical interfaces. He also thinks the modules should be equipped as observatories, especially for earth remote sensing, not as laboratories.
The panelists were asked if they were told to build a space station again, would they build another ISS. Gerstenmaier, who heads NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, said that if someone gave him the money to build another low Earth orbit (LEO) space station "I'd give it back." His message was that NASA and its ISS partners are demonstrating that there is a reason for others – the private sector – to go there, but another government-sponsored LEO space station is "not what we need to do." Instead "we're going to explore."
Messerschmid outlined technologies that will enable exploration, advocating "To Mars, together."
Gold, who can be counted on for pithy observations replete with references to Star Trek, did not disappoint. Among his major messages was that just as countries need to work together, so do companies. He argued against pitting "new space" against "old space" because "the pie is too small." Borrowing a quote from Benjamin Franklin, he said "if we don't hang together, we will surely hang separately." Later, when questions turned to the appropriate degree of risk taking for human spaceflight programs, he quoted "a famous Canadian, William Shatner" who said in his role as Captain Kirk of the Federation Starship Enterprise "Risk? It's why we're here." Gold went on to talk about financial risk, and noted that a Russian colleague ruefully commented to him that Russian billionaires buy yachts while American billionaires create space companies.
Regarding risk, Gerstenmaier explained the three-tier approach NASA is using to describe the steps away from Earth: Earth Reliant in LEO where crews can return home in hours; Proving Ground in cis-lunar space where getting home requires many days; and Earth Independent when the tie to Earth is broken. He said NASA was not ready from a risk standpoint to send crews to an asteroid in its native orbit (as President Obama initially directed), but the Asteroid Retrieval Mission, where the crews will be in the Proving Ground region, is the right step – not too much risk, nor too little.
In a philosophical moment, Gerstenmaier talked about how ISS crew members landing in Kazakhstan say they are "home" no matter where on Earth they are from. "We have changed the definition of home," he said, where "home" is Earth. He said his vision is that someday LEO or cis-lunar space will be "home."
In response to a question about whether there is a future for young people to be astronauts, Gold said "I want to see a day when being an astronaut is something you do to make a living," not an elite profession. Bigelow is committed to making astronauts "not special" because there will be so many of them and from all over the world. He noted that right now there are six seats for ISS crews, three of which are occupied by Russians, two by Americans, and one by other countries. "One seat for all the other countries?" Bigelow "is determined to change that," he exclaimed.
Gerstenmaier took a different tack, stressing that one does not need to be an astronaut. What is important is being part of a high performing team: "If you're lucky, you get to be at the pointy end of the rocket, but it is just as rewarding to be one of the engineers sitting in the back."
The question of cooperating with China arose as it often does in these settings. Gerstenmaier pointed out that under current law NASA cannot discuss human space cooperation with China, but expressed hope that the situation may change in the future. Gold agreed that if mutual benefit can be shown, the China door may open, but for now China is the "third rail" of export control politics. Although changes are being made to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), they do not apply to China, he pointed out.
Editor's note: this is our final IAC2014 report. The conference continues tomorrow, but we must depart.
NASA Directs Boeing and SpaceX to Stop Work on CCtCAP
Boeing and SpaceX were directed by NASA to stop work under the Commercial Crew Transportation Capability (CCtCAP) contracts because of Sierra Nevada's protest of the award.
The CCtCAP contracts were awarded on September 16, 2014: $4.2 billion to Boeing and $2.6 billion to SpaceX. CCtCAP is the final phase of NASA's commercial crew development program that is expected to lead to new crew space transportation systems by the end of 2017. Since the space shuttle was terminated in 2011, NASA has had to rely on Russia to take crews to and from the International Space Station (ISS). The commercial crew program is intended to restore America's ability to launch American astronauts on American rockets from American soil.
Boeing. SpaceX and Sierra Nevada are all funded under the current phase of the program called Commercial Crew Integrated Capability (CCiCAP). Boeing has completed all of its CCiCAP milestones, but SpaceX and Sierra Nevada have not.
Sierra Nevada filed a protest of the CCtCAP award with the Government Accountablity Office (GAO) on September 25.
NASA spokeswoman Stephanie Schierholz said in an emailed statement this afternoon that "Pursuant to the GAO protest, NASA has instructed Boeing and SpaceX to stop performance of the CCtCAP contracts." The stop work order does not affect CCiCAP, however: "All work related to NASA's Commercial Crew Integrated Capability (CCiCAP) Space Act Agreements (SAA) will continue," she added.
IAC2014 Day Three: Stratolaunch and Sierra Nevada Courting on Dream Chaser
One of the highlights at today's (October 1) International Astronautical Congress (IAC2014) was a presentation by Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) and Vulcan Inc., Paul Allen's investment group that is funding the development of Stratolaunch. The two companies are discussing a potential partnership wherein Stratolaunch would be used to launch a 75 percent version of Dream Chaser into low Earth orbit (LEO).
Vulcan oversees Paul Allen's financial interests, ranging from the Seattle Seahawks to real estate to philanthropy to Allen's "pet thing" – space exploration, according to Chuck Beames, who briefed an IAC2014 crowd along with SNC's Mark Sirangleo. Beames heads Vulcan Aerospace, a Vulcan division, and is Executive Director of Stratolaunch. He joined Vulcan earlier this year after serving as principal director, space and intelligence, to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics and overseeing the acquisition restructuring of the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Allen, a co-founder of Microsoft, is perhaps best known in the space business as the financial backer of Scaled Composite's SpaceShipOne design, which won the Ansari X-Prize in 2004. One of Allen's current projects is Stratolaunch, an aircraft that would serve as a launch platform for a three-stage rocket, Thunderbolt, to send people or cargo into suborbital or orbital spaceflight. As Beames described it, Stratolaunch, with a 385 foot wingspan, can launch 13,500 pounds into low Earth orbit (LEO). The plane is expected to have its first flight in 2016 with a demonstration space launch in 2018.
A Stratolaunch-Dream Chaser system envisions using Stratolaunch to launch a 75 percent version of Dream Chaser into space with cargo or two-three crew. It could launch and return to the launch site within 24 hours in a "responsive space" mode. It could take off from anywhere in the world and deliver cargo or people to any inclination orbit and, with its cross-range capability, land anywhere there is a runway that can handle a 747 or A320 aircraft.
SNC has a strong presence here at IAC2014, with company officials, including Sirangleo, stressing the company's 26-year history in the space business and Dream Chaser's origin as a NASA design for returning crews from the International Space Station (ISS). NASA's program, HL-20, was cancelled and SNC picked it up. SNC is one of the three companies supported by NASA in the Commercial Crew Integrated Capability (CCiCAP) phase of the commercial crew program, but recently lost out to Boeing and SpaceX on the final phase, Commercial Crew Transportation Capability (CCtCAP). SNC is protesting that decision.
Beames said taking crews or cargo to the ISS is only one possibility and that as a former "Air Force guy" he is "excited" about the military possibilities of such a capability. In a later interview, he offered the example of launching smaller versions of GPS to reconstitute the GPS constellation on an as-needed basis.
Beames stressed that no final decision has been made on the partnership and the next step is to "mature the architecture."
Commercial Space Dominates IAC2014 Day Two
Day 2 of the 2014 International Astronautical Congress (IAC2014) kicked off with a plenary session on commercial space followed by a technical session on the same topic. Both played to packed houses, a change from the past where commercial space sessions were often among the most lightly attended. Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) was particularly in the limelight, with technical papers and press events highlighting Dream Chaser's versatility and a range of partnerships including a new "Global Project" to globalize Dream Chaser's business base.
SNC is protesting its loss of NASA's Commercial Crew Transportation Capability (CCtCAP) contracts and NASA and SNC officials are fervently avoiding answering any questions about CCtCAP. (NASA officials would not even answer a generic question about whether the 2-6 operational flights in the contracts assume that International Space Station operations will be extended to 2024.)
However, SNC is also participating in the current Commercial Crew Integrated Capability (CCiCAP) phase. Following SNC's Global Project press conference, John Olson, SNC Vice President of Space Systems, said that the company is "marching forward" to meet its two remaining CCiCAP milestones and Dream Chaser's first launch (without a crew) aboard an Atlas V remains on schedule for November 2016. However, the company is awaiting "further dialogue and discourse" with NASA to see if the agency has additional guidance it wants to provide on CCiCAP.
Global Project is an "opportunity to change the world," enthused SNC's Cassie Lee by offering Dream Chaser as a "turnkey" system to countries around the world for crewed or uncrewed customized flights. Dream Chaser is "launch vehicle agnostic" she stressed and while the company has been working with Atlas V for many years, it can be launched from other rockets and land in other places in the world. She provided no details on cost – it is "not a price per seat or price per pound" she said – or what other launch vehicles are capable of launching it, but Olson explained later that it could be launched by Delta IV, Falcon 9 or Falcon Heavy in the United States, or by SNC's European or Japanese partners using Ariane V (ES or ME), possibly Ariane 6, or H-IIB. Dream Chaser can also land in other countries, Lee said, and is easy to return to a launch site via flatbed truck or cargo aircraft since Dream Chaser is only 30 feet long and the wings and rudder are removable.
Later in the day SNC announced another new initiative with Stratolaunch that involves a "scaled version" of Dream Chaser integrated with a Stratolaunch air launch system. More details will be announced here at IAC2014 tomorrow.
Meanwhile, although visa problems prevented China and Russia from participating in yesterday's Heads of Agencies panels, there is some representation from both countries here. China's space agency has a substantial presence in the exhibit hall (by contrast, NASA does not have an exhibit there at all) and at least one Russian, Alexander Derechin, presented his paper on Russia's space tourism activities. He noted that Sarah Brightman will begin training for her mission next year. When asked if any wealthy Russians are on the list of future space tourists, he said he had approached four individuals, but there were no takers yet.
The IAC is a dizzying array of parallel sessions throughout each day on technical, policy and legal space issues. Many papers with Russian and Chinese authors are listed in the program and it is not possible to be in every session to keep score of who actually came to Toronto, but it can be said that Russia and China were not completely excluded from the conference.
Among today's other tidbits are the following:
Events of Interest
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TripAdvisor Reviews Education Hotel Leshan
Travel Blogs from Leshan
The Giant Buddha
... climbing lots of stairs to reach the top, next to the Buddha's head. Thankfully there was no waiting, but obviously on very busy days it looks like people line up for hours. Next we walked down the side of the Buddha until we reached his feet...it was fantastic, very impressive and extraordinary to think it was built over 1500 years ago! For some reason I didn't take a ...
Climbing Mt. Emei~ exhilarating monkeying around!
... continued on the monkey bridge where they congregated, you had to empty your pockets, leave all your possessions at the entrance with the group and if they sit on your head, show no fear. Without following his instruction, you could lose possessions that are important to you, like the man who decided to risk it and one went off with his wallet, or be bitten and admitted to the on-site Rabies clinic.
Happily I can report that nobody ended up in ...
Blessed encounter with the Giant Buddha
... during the Tang Dynasty. It is the largest Buddha in the world. He sits quietly facing Mt Emei as he blesses the nation and all his followers. In order to see him properly you will need to take the boat ride. It is quite reasonable in price and the view is perfect for photographs.
You can also get off at the bottom of the Buddha and climb winding staircases around him ...
Leshan Giant Buddha
There was a really huge Buddha, y'all.
In the morning my group of ten walked to the bus station to take a 2 hour bus to Leshan, south of Chengdu where we had been staying. After arriving, we took another shorter busride to the Grand Buddha Park and had lunch outside of the park. During the experience we felt extremely bombarded by Chinese natives offering to take us places, eat at their restaurant, stay in their hotels. I felt very sorry for the two Asian Americans in my ...
Big Buddha
... chambre vraiment tr�s simple dans une rue avec un bon march� et beaucoup de cuisine de rue. Les locaux semblaient encore plus �tonn�s que d'habitude de nous voir y manger. On a pris quelques tranches de porc pour aller avec nos nouilles fries, puis le lendemain un demi-canard laqu� d�licieux pour 20 yuans (2 euros 50).
Leshan est c�l�bre pour une seule chose mais pas la moindre: le plus grand Bouddha du monde (il a pris la ...
Other places to stay in Leshan
Jia Zhou BinguanDowntown, Leshan | Hotelfrom $32
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Jinye Grand HotelDowntown, Leshan | Hotelfrom $37
Xingfa HotelDowntown, Leshan | Hotelfrom $23
Heizhu Gou Hot Spring HotelJinyan Yi Autonomous County of Ebian County, Hot Springs Village, Leshan | Hotel

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Vanessa Hudgens Covers In Style
Is Vanessa Hudgens looking up to Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen?
"They take crazy chances and I love them for that," said Hudgens of the mini-moguls' fashion sense.
While Vanessa is inspired by the fashions of Nicole Richie and Kate Moss, she claims she is not a "label whore." "For the most part, I dress myself," said Hudgens.
Hudgens embraces her sexy side on the cover of UK In Style and talks about her latest roles, why she doesn't want to move in with Zac and the explicit photos of her that appeared on the internet in 2007.
With roles in the upcoming flicks Bandslam and Sucker Punch, Vanessa is done with her "bubbly" image from High School Musical and is pursuing "dark" and "sexy" characters that "kick ass."
"It's totally my Angelina Jolie part. People are either going to love me for doing it or hate me for doing it, but I'm very excited," said Hudgens of the movie Sucker Punch.
Vanessa has her yummy boyfriend Zac Efron to enjoy her success with. Unfortunately one thing she isn't willing to share with him is her home. "I'm young, I should have my own place. I think that everybody should buy their own home on their own," said Hudgens.
Although it may seem like everything is perfect for Hudgens now, there was a time when she was struggling to maintain her perfect image.
"It happened and it's stupid and it sucks, but it's a thing of the past," said Vanessa of the explicit photos that appeared on the internet two years ago. "I've got to live up to my faults. It is what it is. But you choose your own path."
Looks like Vanessa is choosing the right path now and we can't wait to see her debut her darker, sexier side in her upcoming movies.
Enjoy Vanessa's sexy photospread and be sure to share your thoughts in the comments section.


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Solar installations to grow more than 18 percent yearly through 2020
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- Patrick O'Grady
- Managing Editor- Phoenix Business Journal
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The solar market globally is continuing to grow, and a new report says it will have a compound growth rate of 18.5 percent through 2020.
ASDReports found the industry has grown from 7.3 gigawatts of installations in 2006 to more than 71.3 gigawatts in 2011, for a 57.3 percent annual growth rate.
Total installs will be at nearly 330 gigawatts by 2020, the study says.
That's potentially good news for a solar industry that is flagging because of overproduction. Companies such as Tempe-based First Solar Inc. and Suntech Power Holdings Co. Ltd. have cut back on production — and workers — as demand hasn't caught up with available production.
Phoenix and Arizona are at the epicenter of U.S. solar growth, with hundreds of gigawatts of power production planned between this state and California.
The study released this week also looked at where countries stand now and which are the largest markets. Italy and Germany topped the list for 2011, but both countries have scaled back incentive programs that were a boon to the solar industry. Combined, the two countries made up a little over 50 percent of the installation market.
The U.S. was third in installations, making up 6.3 percent of the market, followed by China, France, Japan and Australia.
Patrick O'Grady is managing editor of the Phoenix Business Journal.
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System Administration Software
- Emulators
- Benchmark
- Boot
- Clustering
- Filesystems
- Operating System Kernels
- Hardware
- Installation/Setup
- Logging
- Networking
- Systems Administration
- Software Distribution
- System Shells
- Distributed Computing
- Storage
Showing page 1 of 20.
Windows Directory Statistics
A program to find the space hogs on your disk drives17,378 weekly downloads
Info-ZIP project
Info-ZIP portable compression/archiver utilities (Zip, UnZip, WiZ, etc.)3,864 weekly downloads
Complete web server environment (WAMP) for Windows.2,090 weekly downloads
Frhed is an binary file editor for Windows. It is small but has many advanced features like ability to load big files partially.2,189 weekly downloads
Binary (hexadecimal) editor for Windows733 weekly downloads
WinLIRC, the Windows port of the Linux Infrared Remote Control package. Control your computer via remote!690 weekly downloads
Usb Sniffer for Windows
Based on tom and roland from wingmanteam work. This is a tool that log the usb data exchange between hardware and device driver!449 weekly downloads
Windows software to safely rename of thousands of files via regex.201 weekly downloads
Gens is a win32/unix Sega Genesis / Sega CD / Sega 32X emulator.148 weekly downloads
The Psx Emulation Open Source project (P.E.Op.S.) contains several open source libraries (plugins) for freeware MSWindows and Linux psx/ps2 emulators.190 weekly downloads
Advanced Regedit (win32)
This program mostly covers MS Windows Regedit functionality (some things are still missing, though). In fact, the only 'advanced feature' at this time is a search/replace function. ATTN Vista & 7 users! You must run this program as administrator for correct operation.327 weekly downloads
The Nemesis Project
The Nemesis Project is designed to be a command line based, portable human IP stack for UNIX-like and Windows systems. The suite is broken down by protocol, and should allow for useful scripting of injected packets from simple shell scripts.321 weekly downloads
WinFellow - Amiga Emulator for Windows
WinFellow is a high performance Amiga Emulator primarily targeted for Windows. It's distinguished API and core does however allow a fairly easy port to other OS.198 weekly downloads
Proxytunnel is a program that connects stdin and stdout to an origin server somewhere in the Internet through an industry standard HTTPS proxy. This will allow you for example to access SSH servers when you normally only have http(s) access.166 weekly downloads
Phex - P2P Gnutella filesharing program
Phex is a P2P filesharing client which connects to the Gnutella network. It is multi-plattform and malware-free. It offers advanced functionalities and integrates all common Gnutella extensions like multi-source downloads and advanced search features164 weekly downloads
MD5summer - Win MD5 file hash utility
The MD5summer is a GUI application for generating and verifying MD5 checksums of files. Entire directory structures can be summed recursively. Input and output files are compatible with those of the GNU md5sum application.106 weekly downloads
TurboPower SysTools
SysTools is a library of utility routines & classes for Borland Delphi, C++Builder, & environments that support COM. It includes 1-D & 2-D bar codes, sorting, money routines, logging, high-precision math, a run-time math expression analyzer, & much more.69 weekly downloads
Several available software applications may need to be started as a Windows service, but are not designed to do so. Therefore a Windows Service will be created that can start and stop these applications, as if they were a Windows Service themselves.75 weekly downloads
Delphi ModBusTCP library
We are developing a set of Delphi components to communicate with a ModBus PLC over TCP/IP. The library provides components to implement both a ModBus master and a Modbus slave, and is based on the Indy component set (both Indy 9 and 10 are supported)74 weekly downloads
SNEeSe is an emulator for the Nintendo SNES console for x86 PCs. SNEeSe is written in 32-bit C, C++, and NASM x86 assembly. Project goal is to make as accurate, functional, and usable an emulation core as is reasonably possible.58 weekly downloads
Zebedee Secure Tunnel
Zebedee is a simple program to establish an encrypted, compressed "tunnel" for TCP/IP or UDP data transfer between two systems.68 weekly downloads
A windows software that makes it easy to remove id3 tags from mp3 files.224 weekly downloads
Liberum Help Desk
Liberum Help Desk is a web-based application for managing support requests with in a small business or organization. It is written for ASP in VBScript/HTML and runs on Windows with IIS utilizing Windows domain or database authentication.123 weekly downloads
oSync will continue its service via www.osync.com120 weekly downloads
GameBase - Universal Emulator Frontend
GameBase is a fully-featured retro-gaming emulator frontend and game database utility. It supports virtually any emulator for any system and has versatile database searching and filtering. It is the official frontend for the GB64 Collection of C64 games.71 weekly downloads


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Garth Newel Music Center in Hot Springs, VA presents the Excelsa Quartet with Teresa Ling, Violin & Evelyn Grau, Viola, in a concert featuring the works of Mozart & Brahms. 3pm Concert. Pay-what-you-wish. Light refreshments will be available for purchase. For more information or to make reservations, call 540.839.5018 or visit www.garthnewel.org.
Event begins at 3:00PM
Presented by: Garth Newel Music Center
WETA looks back at the people and events of the 1980s — the disorderly decade that saw Washington's emergence as a true global capital.See all broadcast times →
Questions on how to listen to Classical WETA 90.9 FM or VivaLaVoce online? Problems connecting to the stream? Let us help!Learn more →
Garrett Peck, author of "Capital Beer: A Heady History of Brewing in Washington, D.C." discusses the history of brewing in the nation's capital.Watch video →
Your very own WETA kid can now watch favorite TV shows whenever he or she wants!Start Watching →
Arlington, Virginia's Fire Chief James Schwartz recalls the county fire department's milestones.Watch video →
WETA Channel 26 hit the Washington airwaves on October 2, 1961, when station manager George Baker introduced viewers to WETA's inaugural broadcast, The New Era.Watch first broadcast →


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Tikkah carefully picks up stragglers and brings them home in her mouth.
Why, yes, we are a blended family.
luv is blind!
Why Do You Run?
Staying Home on Black Friday Was a Good Choice
That Kid Has Their Priorities Straight
Animal of the Day: German Shepard Hates Mr. Trololo
The First Official Trailer for 'Jurassic World' is Here, ...
This Woman's Monopoly Game With Her Boyfriend in the Only ...
Buddy, We've Got Bad News for You
What, You Don't Like the Cats?
Missing the Point, Just in Time for the Holidays
A Baltimore Man Admits to Starting a House Fire Just to Get ...
Pick Your Site Name
Tell me more


text:
SlideShare for iOS
by Linkedin Corporation
FREE - On the App Store
• ICT Capability ...
• ICT Capability
• Exploratory play with ICT
• Programmable toys
• Game based learning
• Creative challenge – illustrate 'The Internet' through a painting. Post it up to BlogFolio and add a reflective comment.
• Play with one of the progtammable toys or video games discussed during the session. Post a reflection to your blog, focussing on what children might learn through this or similar technology.
• Read Williamson (2009) and discuss the place of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) computer games in primary education.
• You might like to spend at least some of the summer break playing one or two computer games; if so, blog about your experience, focussing on the learning that takes place whilst playing.
• Please make sure you have completed all directed task work for Year 1 and that your blog is completely up to date.


text:
Ebola Outbreak
Military & Spy Tech
3D Printing
Best Fitness Trackers
Human Origins
Image of the Day
Tech Archive
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10 November 2014, 01:09 PM ET
Mouthwatering Math: Culinary Creations Combine Food and Formulas
What do mathematics and cooking have in common? They both involve a search for beauty in the world around us, one mathematician says.
07 November 2014, 10:35 PM ET
'Social Impact Design' Merges Style With Mission (Gallery)
Good designs do not need to be designs out of reach.
07 November 2014, 02:16 PM ET
Cyber-Roach! Mic-Equipped Bugs Could Aid Disaster Rescue
Cyborg cockroaches equipped with microphones could one day be used to navigate disaster scenes and listen for survivors.
06 November 2014, 05:32 PM ET
TomTom Runner Cardio: Fitness Tracker Review
The TomTom Runner Cardio is a GPS watch with a built-in heart-rate monitor, for people who want a simple device to track their runs.
06 November 2014, 12:00 PM ET
Ghost Illusion Created in Lab with New Robot
Sometimes people report they can feel a strange presence around them — a ghost. Now scientists create the eerie sensation in people using a robot.
06 November 2014, 11:35 AM ET
Ghost Illusion Created in Lab with New Robot | Video
Sometimes people report they can feel a strange presence around them, a ghost. Now scientists create the eerie sensation in the lab using a robot.
06 November 2014, 07:49 AM ET
NYC Art Exhibit Showcases Stunning Math-Inspired Paintings
In an art gallery in Lower Manhattan hangs a collection of paintings that any math geek can appreciate.
06 November 2014, 07:47 AM ET
Photos: Math Meets Art in NYC Exhibition
A former hedge-fund manager in New York City is making art that any math or science geek can appreciate.
05 November 2014, 05:10 PM ET
Two New Fitness Trackers Coming from Jawbone
Two new fitness trackers from Jawbone were announced today — a less expensive tracker for exercise newbies and a high-end tracker with more bells and whistles.
05 November 2014, 01:01 PM ET
Super Smasher: Particle Colliders May Get Smaller & More Powerful
A new type of particle accelerator could generate high levels of collision energy in just a few meters of space, making a much smaller and more powerful atom smasher possible, and at a cheaper cost.
05 November 2014, 09:44 AM ET
Shrinking Particle Colliders May Expand Physics Discoveries | Video
The new 'plasma wakefield' method for accelerating electrons may pave the way for a new generation of tiny but powerful particle accelerators. Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Lab seek a 'paradigm shift' to make big waves in plasma science.
05 November 2014, 07:43 AM ET
Reading Robot Minds with Virtual Reality
With no brains to peer into, researchers have to work hard to dissect a bot's point of view.
04 November 2014, 10:56 PM ET
Facts About Boron
History, properties and uses of the element boron.
04 November 2014, 05:00 PM ET
Photos: F-35C Fighter Jet Successfully Lands on Aircraft Carrier
An F-35C Lightning II fighter jet conducted its first landing aboard an aircraft carrier on Nov. 3. The successful touchdown was considered a landmark moment for the U.S. Navy.
04 November 2014, 02:01 PM ET
Touchdown! F-35 Fighter Jet Nails 'Landmark' Aircraft Carrier Landing
In a historic moment for the U.S. Navy, a F-35 fighter jet successfully landed aboard an aircraft carrier off the coast of San Diego.
04 November 2014, 01:50 PM ET
Mini-Rover Stresses Penguins But Not As Much As Humans | Video
To keep wild King Penguins from stressing out, researchers piloted a rover to collect data from Passive Integrated Transponders tags (PIT-tags).
04 November 2014, 11:34 AM ET
Joint Strike Fighter Makes First Carrier Landing | Unclassified Video
According the Navy, the F-35C Lightning II "carrier variant" JSF successfully made the flight deck of USS Nimitz's (CVN 68) on Nov. 3rd, 2014.
04 November 2014, 06:51 AM ET
Digital Archive Lets Web Surfers Travel Back in Time
In honor of the 25th anniversary of the World Wide Web this year, Stanford created a digital archive of its bygone Web pages, some of which were among the earliest pages ever published on the Web.
03 November 2014, 05:56 PM ET
Virtual Reality Environment Created For Autonomous Vehicle Testing | Video
Using projectors, motion capture tech and animation software, researchers at MIT have developed a system where obstacles can be simulated for autonomous vehicle testing.
03 November 2014, 10:57 AM ET
Robot Kills Ebola (and more) With High Intensity UV Flashes | Video
US Air Force hospitals are deploying a new weapon against pathogens in hospitals. The Xenex Germ-Zapping Robots disinfect with full spectrum UV light and can kill.
03 November 2014, 09:52 AM ET
SpaceShipTwo Wreckage Investigated By NTSB | Raw Video
01 November 2014, 02:47 AM ET
What Is the Strong Force?
The strong nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces in nature. It is responsible for binding together the fundamental particles of matter to form larger particles.
30 October 2014, 06:48 PM ET
Rare Look Inside Tiny Mouth Wins 'Small World' Photo Contest
The winners of this year's Nikon Small World photo competition have been announced. The grand prize goes to a photographer who captured a rare glimpse inside of a rotifer's open mouth.
30 October 2014, 04:25 PM ET
Images: 'Small World' Photo Contest Winners
A peek into the mouth of a microscopic animal took the top award in photo contest that honors all this small.
30 October 2014, 12:53 AM ET
Big Data is Transforming Sports
The field of "big data" analytics has come to sport and athletics, with massive implications for sport as we know it.
29 October 2014, 02:50 PM ET
Ghost Busters! Night-Vision Camera Touted As Paranormal Tracker
If you're looking for something spooky to do this Halloween, you might consider walking around the block to search for ghosts in your neighborhood.
29 October 2014, 02:17 PM ET
Military Sets New Record for World's Fastest Microchip
A new Guinness World Record has been set for the fastest microchip ever made, officials announced Tuesday (Oct. 28).
29 October 2014, 07:34 AM ET
Electric Trucks Plus Drones Could Make Deliveries 'Green'
An Ohio-based company thinks it has a better idea for how to deliver packages to future online shoppers: combine drones with fuel-efficient, "green" delivery trucks.
29 October 2014, 07:25 AM ET
Chilly Record! Coldest Object on Earth Created in Lab
A chunk of copper became the coldest cubic meter (35.3 cubic feet) on Earth when researchers chilled it to 6 millikelvins, or six-thousandths of a degree above absolute zero (0 Kelvin).
29 October 2014, 01:28 AM ET
The Password is Dead, Long Live the Password (Op-Ed)
Malicious software designed to steal usernames and passwords has augmented phishing. If the end user could be compromised, entry through the protected gates of corporate and government systems would be easier, sometimes guaranteed.
28 October 2014, 04:16 PM ET
'Potential Breakthrough' Tech Can 'Reverse' Heart Failure | Video
An aorta cuff, called the C-Pulse, has shown a lot of promise in a study involving 20 patients. The cuff is attached to the aorta, syncs to a patients pulse and assists in squeezing blood from the heart.
28 October 2014, 02:39 PM ET
Mad or Sarcastic? Your Computer Might Know Someday
The software on your smartphone may be able to recognize your voice, but it probably can't pick up nuances like sarcasm or outrage. But research on how to detect opinions and attitudes in everyday speech could enable tomorrow's computers to pick up on the
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text:
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Search our online cv boot catalog and find the lowest priced discount auto parts on the web. We sell wholesale to the public. We offer high quality new, OEM, aftermarket and remanufactured Ford EXP CV Boot parts. We specialize in a wide-variety of high-quality car parts and accessories for your car, truck or SUV. Call toll free to order or place your order online via our secure checkout system. Our online parts catalog uses real-time inventory, so you can be assured the parts you buy are in stock at the time of ordering. Most orders are shipped the same day. They are available for the following Ford EXP years: 1985, 1984, 1983, 1982, 85, 84, 83, 82. This part is also sometimes called Ford EXP Axle Boots. We stock cv boot parts for most Ford models including F150, Explorer, Ranger, Taurus, Focus, Escape, Escort, Festiva, Probe, Windstar, Expedition, Tempo, Freestyle, Contour, Thunderbird, Explorer Sport Trac, Five Hundred, F250, Aspire, Aerostar, Fiesta and F150 Heritage.
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Part was the correct part, it was shipped and recieved promptly, the packaging was first rate, the part (switch panel) worked properly. The price on this item was far better than I could find anyw...


text:
Eileen Campbell
Eileen is an aspiring ornithologist and writer. She is working through a B.S. in Honors Integrative Biology with minors in Communications and Environmental Science at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. Eileen is an avid writer of both fiction and nonfiction, and also enjoys playing violin and piano in her spare time. She loves being outside, and she's aiming for a career in hands-on field research. She plans to continue her education until she gets a PhD.
|"...The reality is it is my son's body to do with as he chooses! ..."
- by reader This Chick
"...The sad part is nothing is made to last any more! You want to fix them up but there is no one to do so and you are told that it's just cheaper to buy a new one..."
- by reader Dale
"... Chair yoga is a relaxing cardio workout that gets you moving slowly with proper guidance and group support...."
- by reader Erin
- 10 beautifully useful things made from 'useless' trash
- 11 things humans do that dogs hate
- Photographer finds radiance in wildlife of Arctic tundra
- 10 recipes for Brussels sprouts that will make them your new favorite vegetable
- How to help stray animals survive the winter
- 10 natural cough remedies
- How 'hygge' can help you get through winter
- Why is it so hard to walk and not spill your coffee? Physicists have the answer
- 22 surprising uses for turmeric
- Help! I forgot to thaw the turkey


text:
Cops Corner: Longboat Key
Date: July 3, 2012
by: Observer Staff
June 22
Pedal to the concrete
12:07 p.m. — 700 block of Dream Island Road. Property Damage. A man accidentally hit his gas pedal instead of his brake pedal while backing out of his driveway, causing him to strike a cinder-block wall and knock down its brick support column. The driver said that he is a friend of the property owner and would notify him of the incident.
Shouldering the load
10:55 p.m. — 5300 block of GMD. Disturbance. A waitress told police that the owner of the restaurant where she works used explicit language and pushed her right shoulder three times during an argument about a guest who was having trouble getting the glass of wine he ordered. The restaurant owner appeared slightly intoxicated, according to police. The owner said that he told both the waitress and a bartender who were arguing about the issue to shut up but denied touching the woman. Police planned to investigate further.
June 25
Temporary arrangement
4:36 p.m. — 500 block of Bayview Drive. Public Service. Firefighters and police told a woman that she should leave her home due to high waters and a lack of electricity. The woman didn't want to leave but agreed after police called her neighbors, who said that she could either stay with them or in a vacant rental next door.
Hot wire
4:40 p.m. — Intersection of Gulf of Mexico Drive and Gulf Side Road. Fire. Police found a wire that had been severed after receiving a report of downed wires.
False alarm
6:05 p.m. — Intersection of Gulf of Mexico Drive and Companion Way. Fire. Police responded to a report of arcing wires but found no obvious signs of arcing.
June 26
Exploded transformer
4:07 a.m. — 5800 block of GMD. Fire. Police saw a transformer explode while patrolling a neighborhood and advised dispatch to contact firefighters.
Currently 0 Responses
- Nov
29 Santa Jaws at Mote Aquarium
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
- Dec
6 4th annual Longboat Key Gourmet Lawn Party
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
- Dec
6 Santa Jaws at Mote Aquarium
12:00 pm
- Dec
13 Santa Jaws at Mote Aquarium
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
PHOTO GALLERY: Bird Key Yacht Club's Commodore's Ball
On Nov. 22, Bird Key Yacht Club held its annual Commodore's Ball.
PHOTO GALLERY: St. Mary, Star of the Sea, Christmas Bazaar
On Nov. 22, St. Mary, Star of the Sea, Catholic Church held its annual Christmas Bazaar.
PHOTO GALLERY: Longboat Key Chamber of Commerce Chairman's Reception
On Nov. 20, the Longboat Key Chamber of Commerce held a Chairman's Reception at Amore by Andrea, which recognized its former chairs from 1993 to 2013.


text:
Related quotes
"The Fed is a price fixer; it fixes the price of short-term credit. If there's an increase in demand for credit, interest rates want to rise. But because the Fed is fixing the price of credit to keep rates from rising, it has to create more reserves or allow banks to create more money, and that's what leads to bubbles."
"You can do three things with a fixer-upper: You can buy it to live in it. You can fix it and flip it. Or you can fix it and rent it out. I've done all three, and all three have worked for me."
"He runs the same routes. It's a 'go' route, and he throws his hand up if he feels he has you beat . . . Most of the time he feels he has you beat. They (also) run a couple of 'dig' routes and 'curl' routes to keep you honest. It's the same thing."
"We're going to diversify the route system into a lot of new routes. We feel really good about what we're doing going forward."


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Mariners option Jesus Montero to Triple-A to make room for Kendrys Morales
Jul 25, 2014, 6:55 PM EST
The Mariners have optioned DH Jesus Montero to Triple-A Tacoma to make room for Kendrys Morales, Bob Dutton of the Tacoma News Tribune reports. Morales is in the Mariners' starting lineup tonight, batting clean-up against the Orioles.
Morales rejoined the Mariners in a trade yesterday which sent Stephen Pryor to the Twins. The 31-year-old 1B/DH didn't have a great start with the Twins, posting a disappointing .234/.259/.325 slash line with one home run and 18 RBI in 162 plate appearances. The Twins had signed him to a one-year deal worth a prorated $14 million on June 8.
Montero, 24, performed poorly in a handful of plate appearances at the major league level, slashing .235/.235/.412 with one home run and two RBI in 17 trips to the plate. To his credit, Montero has performed well with Tacoma, where he has spent a vast majority of his season, but the Mariners would prefer to see him translate that into success in the majors.
Announcement: Hardball Talk's partner FanDuel is hosting a one-day $35,000 Fantasy Baseball league for Friday night's MLB games. It's $25 to join and first prize is $6,000. Starts at 7:05pm ET on Friday. Here's the FanDuel link.
Before you go citing 2011 . . .
Nov 24, 2014, 8:57 AM EST
It's easy to say "it didn't work before, so it won't work this time," but doing so is to misread the current situation with the Boston Red Sox.
Report: Pablo Sandoval and the Red Sox agree to a five-year deal at close to $100 million
Nov 24, 2014, 7:46 AM EST
A huge day for the Red Sox starts out with a Panda.
So what would the Red Sox look like with Hanley Ramirez and Pablo Sandoval?
Nov 24, 2014, 6:38 AM EST
It could happen. It could happen as early as today, folks.
Report: Red Sox finalizing a 5-year, $90 million deal with Hanley Ramirez
Nov 23, 2014, 11:41 PM EST
The Red Sox and Hanley Ramirez will finalize a deal on Monday in the range of five years and $90 million, according to Ken Rosenthal.
Astros showing interest in David Robertson
Nov 23, 2014, 11:10 PM EST
The Astros, in the market for a top-end closer, have spoken to the agent of David Robertson.
MLB players react to Odell Beckham, Jr. catch on Sunday Night Football
Nov 23, 2014, 10:20 PM EST
Giants receiver Odell Beckham, Jr. made a ridiculous catch on Sunday Night Football. MLB players reacted to it on Twitter.
Rangers have spoken with the Braves about Justin Upton
Nov 23, 2014, 9:35 PM EST
The Braves have been shopping Justin Upton and the Rangers are interested.
Giancarlo Stanton expected to pay $141 million in taxes over the span of his new contract
Nov 23, 2014, 8:25 PM EST
Uncle Sam will be coming for Giancarlo Stanton.
Marlins have discussed trading for Wade Miley
Nov 23, 2014, 7:15 PM EST
The Marlins have discussed swapping Nathan Eovaldi for Wade Miley.
Red Sox going after both Pablo Sandoval and Hanley Ramirez
Nov 23, 2014, 6:05 PM EST
The Red Sox could revamp the left side of their infield if they have their way in free agency.
Pirates trade first baseman Ike Davis to the A's
Nov 23, 2014, 4:45 PM EST
Davis was designated for assignment by the Bucs a couple of days ago to open up a 40-man roster spot for top pitching prospect Jameson Taillon. Now the first baseman is headed to Oakland.
"At least six" teams interested in Jon Lester
Nov 23, 2014, 2:15 PM EST
The Red Sox and Cubs have long been considered the favorites to sign free agent Jon Lester, with the Braves and Cardinals also lingering. But there may be a surprise coming.
Indians acquire Charles Brewer from the Diamondbacks
Nov 23, 2014, 12:03 PM EST
Paul Hoynes of the Cleveland Plain Dealer reports that the Indians have acquired right-hander Charles Brewer from the Diamondbacks in exchange for cash.
Torii Hunter "favors the Twins"
Nov 23, 2014, 10:51 AM EST
Torii Hunter could be headed back to where it all began.
Video: Introducing new commissioner Rob Manfred
Nov 23, 2014, 9:44 AM EST
Watch as former MLB commissioner Bud Selig introduces new commissioner Rob Manfred …
Diamondbacks trade Mike Bolsinger to the Dodgers
Nov 22, 2014, 10:35 PM EST
The Dodgers added some pitching depth, picking up Mike Bolsinger from the Diamondbacks on Saturday.
Wily Mo Pena is a free agent and the Twins are interested
Nov 22, 2014, 9:30 PM EST
Wily Mo Pena could be back in the major leagues if the Twins are willing to play ball.
Derek Jeter went golfing with President Obama
Nov 22, 2014, 8:25 PM EST
Are they looking to hire a caddie?
Rockies sign John Lannan to a minor league deal
Nov 22, 2014, 7:20 PM EST
The Rockies added a bit of pitching depth, signing John Lannan to a minor league deal.
If Giants can't bring back Pablo Sandoval, they're expected to bid on Yasmany Tomas
Nov 22, 2014, 6:15 PM EST
The Giants have a Plan B if they can't bring back Pablo Sandoval.
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- MLB players react to Odell Beckham, Jr. catch on Sunday Night Football 23
- Report: Red Sox make $95 million offer to Pablo Sandoval 77
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text:
Dr. Jo Ann J. Jackson, MD
Pediatrics, Willoughby Hills Family Medical Center
- 2570 Som Center Rd
Willoughby Hills, OH 44094
- 1 Office Location
- (440) 943-2500
Dr. Jo Ann J. Jackson has been practicing medicine for 30 years. Dr. Jackson graduated from the Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine in 1984. She practices medicine in Willoughby Hills, OH and specializes in Pediatrics. Dr. Jackson is affiliated with Cleveland Clinic. She speaks English, French, German, Chinese, Spanish and Vietnamese.
Gender: Female
Years in Practice: 30 Years
Languages Spoken: English, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, Vietnamese
Medical School: Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1984
Hospital Affiliations: Cleveland Clinic
Specialties: Pediatrics


text:
Property to let in Carden Close, West Bromwich B70 - 1 bedroom
£375 pcm (£87 pw)
Irvan Avenue, West Bromwich B70Maisonette to rent - 1 bedrooms
*** winter sale! ****** reduced reference fee's on this property! ****** priced for A quick let! ***Shipways are delighted to offer this ground floor maisonette available to let now! This newly redecorated home consists of a lounge, separate kitchen, ... More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Sandwell & Dudley (1.2 miles)
- Dudley Port (1.4 miles)
Marketed by Shipways, B42. Call 0121 411 0009


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Please do not just copy-paste information from Wikipedia. It causes copyright issues. --Pie 00:22, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
On top of that, please use proper grammar.--Pokencyclopedia 15:52, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
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thanks pie!--user:aaron sama fangirl 9:01 pm, 3rd october 2006


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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL COIN SORTING APPARATUS 1'? Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 19, 1962 Jn venfars W N 17 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 19, 1962 Jn venfor's Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL 3,227,363
COIN SORTING' APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 17 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jnvenlors Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL 3,227,363
COIN SORTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Fig.6
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COIN SORTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 1'? Sheets-Sheet 8 gas Jnvenfars 17 Sheets-Sheet 9 J0 venfars Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL COIN SORTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL 3,
COIN SQRTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 17 Sheets-Sheet 10 Fig. 14
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COIN SORTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 1' Sheets-Sheet 12 17 m 353 Fig.
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4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL COIN SORTING APPARATUS 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 15 Filed Oct. 19, 1962 Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL 3,227,363
COIN SORTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 14 J0 venforfS Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL 3,
com SORTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1962 17 Sheets-Sheet 16 JnvenforS Jan. 4, 1966 A. HECKER ETAL COIN SORTING APPARATUS 1'7 Sheets-Sheet 1 7 Filed Oct. 19, 1962 .717 van/0P3 United States Patent 3,227,363 COIN SORTING APPARATUS Alfred Hecker and Emil Fenrich, Bielefeld, Germany, assignors to Anker-Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Bielefeld, Germany, a German corporation Filed Oct. 19, 1962, Ser. No. 231,752
Claims priority, application Germany, Oct. 20, 1961,
A 38,617 28 Claims. (Cl. 235-7) Our invention relates to apparatus for sorting coins in accordance with their monetary denominations, particularly for coin dispensers controlled by cash registers.
In a known automatic coin sorting apparatus, only one coin chute is rovided for each coin denomination. Individual coins are issued from the chutes by manually actuated ejectors. Since, on the average, the coin quantities of different denominations being dispensed are similar, Whereas for design reasons the coin storing capacity of the chutes for thicker coins, usually those of higher denominations, is smaller than that of the other chutes, the coin chutes of certain coin denominations, particularly those of higher value, must be refilled rather frequently.
Also known are coin dispensing devices in which the ejection of coins is controlled automatically in dependence upon the operation of computing mechanisms in a cash register, and such automatic dispensers have been equipped with a plurality of identical chutes for coins of one and the same denomination, but the sorting of coins into the individual chutes assigned to the same denomination rnust be done by hand.
It is an object of our invention to improve coin sorting devices generally of the first-mentioned, automatically sorting type by considerably increasing their storage capacity, to secure automatic replenishment of their chutes with coins, and to make them applicable for automatic coin dispensing operation under control by a cash register.
To this end, and in accordance with a feature of our invention, we provide for each of a number of coin denominations a plurality or group of chutes and equip each group of equal-denomination chutes with a control memher for sequentially filling these chutes.
According to another feature of our invention, we connect the chutes with a coin guiding device leading to a coin collecting container and which receives those coins that exceed the number storable in the chutes to pass them into the container.
According to a further feature of the invention, we provide an automatic coin sorting apparatus embodying one or more of the above-mentioned features, with an automatically controlled coin dispensing device and with control means that actuate the coin sorting and dispensing operations under control by a cash register.
Another feature of our invention resides in the provision of a guide means selectively displaceable between two positions which in one position supplies the coins, placed into the coin sorting apparatus, to the chutes of the dispensing device, whereas it supplies these coins to the till of the cash register when in the other position.
According to a feature more specific than the one last mentioned, a cash register is provided with a coin guiding rail connected with the coin sorting device and having individual coin deflectors that pass the coins into respectively different compartments of the cash drawer.
According to still another feature, we design the coin sorting device as an independent unit and connect it removably with coin chutes preferably designed as an exchangeable coin-magazine assembly.
It is also within the features of our invention to give the above-mentioned coin guiding rail at the coin-contacting side such a contour that only a line contact takes place between the coins and the guiding rail.
3,227,363 Patented Jan. 4, 1966 The above-mentioned and further objects, advantages and features of our invention, said features being set forth with particularity in the claims annexed hereto, will be apparent from, and will be described in, the following with reference to the apparatus according to the invention illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which FIGS. 1 through 18 relate substantially to a first embodiment and a few modifications of components thereof, and FIGS. 19 to 25 relate essentially to details and other modifications. In detail:
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a cash register with a coin dispensing device embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 is a part-sectional side elevation of the cash register shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows details of a feeler control appertaining to the same cash register, also in side elevation.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the coin dispensing apparatus according to FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a front view of the same dispensing apparatus, partly in section.
FIG. 6 shows details of the coin ejector components that form part of the same dispensing apparatus.
FIG. 7 is a lateral view of a feeler control for the coin chutes.
FIG. 8 shows the feeler control devices for the coin chutes by a view in the direction of the arrow A indicated in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a cross section along the line BC according to FIG. 7.
FIG. 10 is a schematic electric circuit diagram of the coin dispensing apparatus.
FIG. 11 is another, modified circuit diagram of the coin dispensing apparatus, applicable instead of the one shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a front view of a coin sorting rail and coin distributing device for coin chutes appertaining to the same denomination; and FIG. 13 is a part sectional side view of the same components as shown in FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 shows partly in section one of the coin chutes modified in comparison with those of FIGS. 12, 13 for automatic switching of the coin distributing device; FIG. 15 is an electric circuit diagram of the coin distributing device according to FIG. 14; and FIG. 16 shows in section a modified detail similar to FIG. 13 but relating to an electromagnetically controlled coin distributor device according to FIGS. 14 and 15.
FIG. 17 shows a coin sorting bar with a coin switching device; and FIG. 18 shows a detail of FIG. 17 seen from the right of FIG. 17.
FIG. 19 is a part-sectional front view illustrating the lower portion of a cash register with a built-in coin sorting apparatus for passing coins into compartments of the cash drawer.
FIG. 20 is a side view in section of a coin-feeder device applicable with a cash-register apparatus according to FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram relating to the coin sorting apparatus for the cash drawer according to FIGS. 19 and 20.
FIG. 22 is a front view of a coin chute magazine equipped with a sorting rail; and FIG. 23 is a cross section along the line D E in FIG. 22.
FIG. 24 is a cross section of the sorting rail according to FIGS. 22 and 23; and FIG. 25 is a front view of the same sorting rail.
The keyboard 1 of the cash register 2 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a bank 3 of control keys and several banks 7 of amount-posting keys 15 (FIGS. 1, 2). The control key bank 3 comprises a total key 4 (FIGS. 1, 3, 10, 21) and a row 5 (FIG. 1) of adding-mechanism selector keys and another selector key 6. Located above the keyboard 1 is an indicator 8 and an item counter 9. A window 10 beside the keyboard 1 permits inspecting a record tape 11. Beneath the keyboard and immediately above a narrow table top 12 there is located a rectangular opening 13 with a guide sheet 14 through which are ejected the checks or other vouchers issuing from the machine as a result of the registering operation. The cash register is of the change-computing type. Such cash registers are known from Patent 3,049,288 and are also described in application Serial No. 86,878, filed February 3, 1961, of G. Becker, now Patent 3,066,861, both assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Reference for details may be had to these patents if desired. However, to the extent the components of the change-computing cash register are essential in conjunction with the present invention, they will be described presently.
When one of the individual keys 15 (FIG. 2) in a digital amount-posting bank '7 is being depressed, the shank 16 of the key controls a feeler member 17 of a differential mechanism 21 rotatably mounted on the frame structure 22 of the key bank by means of a pivot pin 24. Rotatably linked to the feeler 17 of the differential mechanism 21 is a linking rod 25 connected by a journal pin 26 with a gear segment 27. Each amount key 15 carries a cross pin 28 acting upon a latching slider 29 which is guided by means of a pin-and-slot connection 36 for displacement relative to the frame structure 22. Each of the individual key banks 7 possesses such a slider 29 which, when one of the amount keys in the bank is depressed, latches the key in depressed position and releases it when any other key of the same bank is actuated.
The amount keys 15, as well as the control keys of bank 3 and of the adding-mechanism selector bank 5 (FIG. 1) are held in position by means of bank brackets 34 fastened by bolts 38, 39 to the walls of the machine frame structure partially ShOWn at 40 and 41. Mode control slider 44 and are displaceably mounted on the machine wall 41 and are guided by means of pin-andslot connections 42, 43. The sliders 44-, 45 have respective rack portions 46, 47 meshing with a pinion 49 on a mode control shaft 48. When control shaft 48 revolves, the pinion 49 conjointly displaces the mode control sliders 44 and 45 in mutually opposed directions respectively. The mode control shaft 48 is driven under control by the keys of control-key bank 3 or the adding mechanismselector bank 5 by means of mode control cams (not shown) fastened on the machine main shaft 35 and correlated to the operating modes addition, subtotal and total.
Fastened on a control shaft 50 which is journalled in the lateral walls 40 and 41 of the machine frame structure is a computing mechanism 51 of the known type whose counting wheels can be brought into meshing engagement with the above-mentioned gear segment 27 under control by a lever 53 which in turn is controlled by the mode control slider 44. A counter segment 55 meshing with gear segment 27 drives a pinion 57 journalled on the machine wall 41 by means of a bearing pin 56. Pinion 57 meshes with a spur gear 58 firmly fastened to a tubular shaft 59 which is coaxially and rotatably mounted on a shaft 60. Assigned to each of the respective amount key banks 1 for the units-cent and tens-cent rows is a separate differential mechanism 21, a gear segment 27, a computer wheel pair of the adding mechanism 51, a counter segment 55, a gear 58 and a tubular shaft 59 or 61, in accordance with the foregoing description. The tubular shafts 59, 61 have their cylindrical surfaces provided with recesses 62, 63. These recesses can be engaged by feeler noses 64, 65 of respective feeler levers 67, 68 which are mounted beside each other on a shaft 66 and are biased by respective pull strings 69, 70 toward the tubular shafts.
The mechanism just described as well as the electric components connected therewith and described hereinafter, are in accordance with the control apparatus illus- 4 trated and described in US. Patent 3,061,184 assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
The feeler levers 67, 68 carry respective arms 71, 72 which control respective electric contacts 74, 75 (FIGS. 2, 11). Each arm 71, 72 (FIG. 2) has a lateral lug 76, 77 to act as an entrainer. The entrainer 76, 77 cooperates with a bridge member '78 on a spring-loaded control arm 79 and is actuable by means of a control lever 80. The lever 80 is pivoted on a pin 81 mounted on the machine frame structure and is driven by earns 82, 83 secured to the machine main shaft 35. Rigidly connected with the control arm 79 is a feeler lever 84 whose feeler tip 85 cooperates with a control member 87 (FIGS. 2, 3). The control member 87 is fastened on a shaft 86 and has a recess 88 along its periphery. The feeler tip 85 can drop into the recess 88. The shaft 86 also carries a lever 89 (FIG. 3) which is connected by a linking rod 90 with the feeler member 92 of the differential mechanism 93 appertaining to the control-key bank 3. As soon as the feeler member 92 of the differential mechanism 93, when performing a totalizing operation for computation of an amount of change, abuts against the shank 94 (FIG. 3) of the total key 4, the feeler tip 85 of member 84 can drop into the recess 88 and the feeler levers 67, 68 (FIG. 2) can likewise cooperate with the recesses 82, 83 of the tubular shafts 59, 61. As a result of these operations, the corresponding electric contacts 74, 75 (FIGS. 2, 11) are actuated and control the issuance of the amount of change, as will be more fully described below.
The coin sorting and dispensing device 100, according to FIGS. 1 and 4, is controlled by the totalizer mechanism 51 of the cash register 2 and is designed as follows.
Mounted in the top portion 1 of the housing 102 is a hopper 103 provided with a lid 104. The hopper 103 (FIG. 4) has a guide wall 105 extending downwardly into the inner space 106 of a cylindrical container 107 whose bottom portion 108 is covered by a feeder disc 109 (FIGS. 4, 5). Machined into the peripheral zone of the feeder disc 109 are one or more circular openings 110 (FIG. 5) whose dimension depends upon the diameter of the largest coin 111 (for example /2 dollar). The thickness of the feeder disc 109 corresponds approximately to the thickness of that coin so that during feeding operation several smaller and thinner coins may become entrained simultaneously. A fixed guide cam 112 fastened to the housing 102 beneath the feeder disc 109 engages an annular groove 113 of the feeder disc 109 interrupted by the opening 110. The fixed cam 112 reduces in the feeding direction the air gap formed by the annular groove 113. The supporting surface thus remaining for the coin 111 is so dimensioned that only a single coin 111 can be forwarded whereas the other coins will slide out of the opening 110. The feeder disc 109 is fastened on a shaft 114 (FIG. 4) revolvable in a roller bearing 115 of the housing 107. Keyed to the shaft 114 is a belt sheave 116 which is connected by a V-belt 117 with a sheave 118 driven from a gear motor 119.
The above-mentioned opening 110 in feeder disc 109 cooperates with an elongated slot 120 (FIG. 5) in the bottom portion 108 of the cylindrical container 107 to which a guide sheet 121 is fastened. The elongated slot 120 is covered by a diaphragm 122 so that only one coin 111 at a time can be pushed through the slot 120, this coin being transported to the ejecting position through the opening 110 of feeder disc 109. Due to its gravity, the forward coin 111 rolls over the guide sheet 121 upon a sorting rail 123 which is arranged at a slight inclination above the coin chutes 124, 125 (FIG. 5).
Fastened to the sorting rail 123 at the height of the individual coin chutes 124, 125 are respective deflector segments 126, 127. These are so dimensioned that only the coins 111 corresponding to the particular coin chutes 124, 125 are seized and deflected into the chutes. The
individual coin chutes 124, are slightly inclined with respect to the base plate 124 of the apparatus (FIG. 4) and are fastened beside each other on a transverse support 129.
At their respective front sides the chutes possess rectangular recesses 131, 132 and 133. The recess 131 is traversed by a feeler member 134 for checking the automatic dispensing of coils. Another feeler member 135 of an electric contact 136 passes through the recess 132, and a coin ejector member 137 passes through the recess 133. An elongated hole 138 permits visual inspection of the individual chutes 124, 125 to determine whether they are sufficiently filled. Each coin chute 124, 125 merges upwardly with a unilaterally open coin catching funnel 139 whose opening faces the sorting rail 123 so that the deflected coins 111 can drop into the respective chutes 124, 125. Fastened to the inner, upper edge of the coin chutes 124, 125 is a trough 141 which receives all of those coins 111 that are not stored in the individual chutes 124, 125. The proper coin guidance by the trough 141 is aided by the inclined arrangement of the chutes 124, 125 and the transverse support 129. Due to the slight friction, the surplus coins 111 glide by gravity into the trough 141.
In order to be certain that coins having roughened surfaces will pass into the trough 141, the apparatus is provided with the abovementioned coin ejector member 137 which, during filling operation, is moved clockwise (FIG. 6) by a pull spring 142. The ejecting operation is controlled by a cam 143 on a shaft 114. The cam releases a roller lever 145 rotatably mounted on a fixed pivot pin 144 and articulately joined by a link 146 with the lever 147 of the coin ejector member 137, the lever 147 being biased by the pull spring 142. The coin trough 141 which is likewise slightly inclined as apparent from FIG. 1, is in connection with each individual coin chute 124, 125 and guides the surplus coins into a collecting container 148 (FIGS. 4, 5).
The device for ejecting the coins to automatically dispense an amount of change is designed as follows.
Each coin chute 124, 125 (FIG. 4) is open at the bottom and traversed by one or more ejectors 150, 151 depending upon the particular requirements. The ejectors 150, 151 consist of flat sliders which are displaceably mounted on the transverse support 129 and possess in their forward portions respective circular recesses 152, 153 substantially adapted to the internal diameter of the coin chute so that the lowermost coin 111 in the chute rests upon the top surface of the transverse support 129. The thickness of each ejector 150, 151 normally corresponds to that of one of the coins 111 in the stack. However, if two coins are to be simultaneously ejected from a coin chute in a single operation, then the particular ejector can also be given twice the normal thickness so that it simultaneously seizes two coins during each ejecting stroke.
Each ejector 150, 151 is controlled by a cam 154, 155 on a shaft 157 journalled in the lateral walls 156. Also mounted on the shaft 157 is a single-revolution magnetic clutch 158 driven from an electric motor 159 (FIG. 5) through a transmission 160 and an endless V-belt 161. The cams 154, 155 are engaged by respective rollers of follower levers 163, 164 which are biased by respective pull springs 165, 166 attached to a fixed pin 167. Each follower lever 163, 164 is linked to one of the respective ejectors 150, 151 by means of a pin-and-slot connection 166, 167.
The ejecting operation is controlled by electromagnets or solenoids 168, 169 whose respective cores carry latches 170, 171 engageable with openings 172, 173 of the re spective ejectors 150, 151. As soon as one of the mag nets 168, 169 is energized, its armature core 174, 175 pulls the latch 170, 171 upwardly (FIG. 4) so that the one correlated follower lever 163 or 164 can follow the driving motion of the cam 154 or 155. During the active stroke, the ejector pushes the coin 111 into the coin 6 trough 177. The wall of the trough is so inclined that the coin remains upright and rolls in the trough and through a connecting channel structure 178 (FIG. 1) into a coin receiving cup 179.
For checking the coin-ejecting operations each chute 124, 125 is provided with the above-mentioned feeler member 134 (FIG. 4). This member is controlled by a cam 180 (FIG. 7). The cam is fastened on the abovementioned cam shaft 157 and cooperates with an angular follower lever 182 rotatably mounted on a fixed pivot pin 181. An arm 183 of lever 182 is linked by a rod 184 with a lever 185 on shaft 186. The individual feeler members 134 are loosely rotatable on the shaft 186 (FIG. 8) and are prevented from axial displacement by means of shoulder rings 187, 188. The ring 187 (FIGS. 8, 9) has an entrainer claw 190 coacting with a counter claw 191 on the feeler member 134 so that when the shaft 186 turns clockwise relative to FIG. 7, the feeler member 134, under the biasing force of a pull spring 192, can follow the motion if the feeler member 134 is not stopped by a coin 111. Freely rotatable on shaft 186 is a control bracket 193 that extends over all of the feeler members 134 and is kept in engagement therewith by a relatively weak pull spring 194 (FIGS. 7, 8). As soon as any one of the feeler members 134 turns clockwise (FIG. 7) it entrains the bracket 193 in the same sense of rotation. The bracket 193 serves for controlling the circuits of the motor 159 (FIGS. 5 and 10) described presently.
The electric system connecting the cash register 2 with the coin dispensing and sorting apparatus 100 is energized from a direct-current power supply under control by a main switch 200 (FIG. 10) through a positive bus 201 and a negative bus 213. The positive bus 201 is connected through a lead 202 (FIG. 10) with a switch contact 203 controllable by the abovementioned bracket 193 (FIGS. 4, 7, 8, 10). In the bracket position illustrated in FIGS. 4, 7 and 10, the contact 203 is closed and passes current through conductors 204, 205 to a switch contact 206 which is normally open and is controlled by the total key 4 of the cash register 2 to close when the key 4 (FIGS. 1, 3, 10) is depressed, the latter position being shown in FIG. 10. Key contact 206 is connected by a lead 207 with a switch contact 208 controlled by a cam 209 of the machine main shaft 35 (FIG. 2). Switch contact 208 is connected by a lead 211 with a control relay 210 which in turn is connected by a lead 212 with the negative bus 213.
A self-holding circuit for relay 210 extends from lead 204 through lead 214 and a normally open self-holding contact 215 of relay 210 to a lead 216 connected to a switch contact 217 which is controlled by a cam 218 fastened on the shaft 157 according to FIGS. 4 and 7. Switch contact 217 is connected by a lead 219 with the lead 211. A manually operable, normally open switch 220 has one pole connected by leads 221, 222 with the positive bus 201 and the other pole connected by lead 223 with lead 211 of relay 210. When switch 220 is manually closed it bridges the contacts 203, 206, 208 and 217. The control relay 210 has another, normally open contact 224 which is connected by leads 221, 225 with the positive bus 201 and by a lead 226 with the drive motor 159 (FIGS. 10, 5) and also through a lead 227 with an electromagnetic single-revolution clutch 158 (FIGS. 4, 10).
The circuits of the drive motor 159 and the single revolution clutch 158 are shown simplified. A time delay relay can be additionally interposed between lead 226 and clutch 158 for the purpose of delaying the starting operation of the clutch 158. The drive motor 159 is connected through leads 228, 229 with the negative bus 213, and the clutch 158 is connected with the same bus 213 through a lead 230.
As soon as one of the feeler members 134 (FIGS. 4, 7), after being released by the cam 180, drops into the interior of the corresponding coin chute 124, 125 while
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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