text:
Bills back to normal after finally returning home [4:27 PM]
AP reports: '"It was just a busy, hectic week. And really this win was for the city of Buffalo, giving back for everything that they've been through," receiver Robert Woods said. "It feels good, especially after a win. Now we've just got to get another one."'
Bills will play in Orchard Park on Sunday [12:58 PM]
Buffalo News reports: 'He said the stadium suffered some damage but not enough to delay Sundays game.'
Mario Williams can't be stopped, and 5 observations from stats and snap counts in Bills-Jets game [12:57 PM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: 'Williams now has 12 sacks this season, and the Bills, who sacked Jets quarterbacks six time on Monday, have a league-leading 46 sacks, eight better than the next best team in the NFL.'
Doug Marrone, possibly coaching for his job, rallies Bills around tough circumstances in crucial win [12:57 PM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: '"He just kept telling us every day that people are counting us out," offensive tackle Seantrel Henderson said. "All our losses (are) pretty much close other than two of them. And hey, we fight. That's what we do. Coach Marrone always preaches that we're still in the race. We can still win out. We can beat anybody in the NFL. We all believe that. We rallied around coach Marrone and the whole coaching staff, and we're just going to keep riding this thing out. That's what we're going to do."'
Thanks Bills [12:56 PM]
WGR-AM reports: 'Look, I didn't experience this storm like so many of you did. But I'd be willing to bet that scenes like the one playing out in my living room were happening all over Western New York. The game even happened at an early enough hour that I could see my way clear to let my guys push past their normal bedtime to enjoy it with me. Here's hoping many of you did likewise.'
What they're saying: Bills 38, Jets 3 [12:55 PM]
BuffaloBills.com reports: 'Yeah, I thought we played pretty well on offense minus maybe a couple of three-and-outs because of a couple of penalties or lack of execution. But overall I thought we played well, played with a great mentality and that was really Coach (Doug) Marrones message to the offense, just go out there and take it and trust in each other, trust in the system. I think we probably did a better job at that than any time throughout the year so far.'
Solid win for Bills, given the situation [11:36 AM]
Olean Times Herald reports: 'But as soon as I came out and saw all those blue jerseys, I thought, Holy cow, baby, here we go ... weve got the crowd. It was a relief and we needed to get them into the game.''
Bills' Fred Jackson jokingly imitates former teammate Marshawn Lynch in postgame interview [8:04 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: 'While Lynch added a dozen more one-word answers to round out his interview, Jackson could barely keep a straight face giving that short of an answer. The two played together in Buffalo for their first four seasons in the league, but apparently Jackson's cordial nature with the media didn't rub off on the Seahawks' star.'
Bills ride a perfect storm of emotion to win over Jets [1:59 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'We wanted to give the people back in our region a chance to smile a little bit by the way we played, Marrone said. Its more important for them than it is anything else.'
Win after week of adversity is anything but routine [1:58 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'But for one night, with Buffalo fans looking for something to lift their spirits after a week of relentless bad weather, the Bills played like a team that mattered, like a proud, determined squad that feels it is better than its circumstances, better than its record suggests.'
Lions add personal touch to their hosting duties [1:57 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'I dont think we would have been as prepared without the way they opened their arms to us, Bills coach Doug Marrone said.'
Ten Plays That Shaped The Game [1:56 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'The Jets used a bunch of two- and even three-tight end sets in the first half with the aim in part of slowing down the Bills pass rush. Mario Williams destroyed the plan late in the second quarter when the Jets lined up three tight ends to the right side of the formation. He burst to the inside of rookie Jace Amaro and pushed both him and tight end Jeff Cumberland backward until he took down Michael Vick for a 10-yard sack.'
Matchup winners [1:55 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'Everything that could go wrong has gone wrong for the Jets at cornerback.'
Quarterly Report [1:54 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'Mario Williams didnt need his red contacts to terrorize the Jets. His did that on his own with his play inside Ford Field.'
Report Card [1:53 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'Despite all the potential distractions, Doug Marrone kept his team focused and motivated. The Bills were not flat, scoring a touchdown on their first possession. It was their first red-zone touchdown in nine quarters. The defense was ferocious, and the special teams scored a touchdown. The Bills didnt ease off the accelerator in the second half.'
Five things about the Browns [1:52 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'Pettine might have been their 10th choice for head coach, but the Browns look like theyve found a good one in the former Bills defensive coordinator.'
Traveling fans have motors that dont quit [1:51 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'This is Buffalo weather, said Chauncey Carter, who lives downtown in the city. It doesnt bother me at all. Ive been here since 1 oclock. I love the Bills. I dont have a choice. I think a win would lift up the city and give people a distraction from whats happening at home.'
Diehard Bills fans head to Detroit to keep their streaks alive [1:50 AM]
Buffalo News reports: 'I was given an exemption for the Toronto series, because of the moral stand I took in not endorsing the Toronto games, kidded Braun, an attorney with Phillips Lytle in downtown Buffalo. But for this game, morality didnt come into play.'
Buffalo Bills blast New York Jets [1:49 AM]
Rochester D&C reports: '"Our guys were ready to go," said Marrone, who left his home last Tuesday to go to work at Ralph Wilson Stadium and hasn't been back since, as he was snowed in at his office before the team escaped to the Motor City on Friday. "We wanted to give the people back in our region a chance to smile by the way we played."'
Bills were 'shockingly' sharp [1:48 AM]
Rochester D&C reports: 'Never mind the fact that they hadn't played since Nov. 13, and spent almost as much time shoveling snow as they did practicing leading up to this game. The defense was simply dominant as the Jets couldn't get anything established (218 yards).'
Bills have Detroit to thank for setting up showdown with Browns [1:47 AM]
Rochester D&C reports: 'The Bills had so many highlights against New York it's difficult to list them.'
Report card [1:46 AM]
Rochester D&C reports: 'This was a dominating performance across the board for the Bills, one that was much needed. The goal for Buffalo was to beat a team that it clearly should beat, and to give the folks back home something to smile about, and the Bills succeeded on both fronts.'
Bills, Browns game will be played in Buffalo [1:45 AM]
Rochester D&C reports: '"The heat wave has certainly helped over the last 48 hours," Brandon said with a laugh, referencing the unusually warm temperatures Sunday and Monday in western New York that melted some of the record snow. "We've had over 500 shovelers on site over the last two days and we've made tons of progress. Our stadium operations staff said all indications are that we're full go, ready to practice tomorrow and get back to our normal routines."'
Robert Woods, Kyle Orton have big games as Buffalo cruises to 38-3 win [1:44 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: 'The Bills came in with an NFL-high 39 sacks, and they added seven more Monday, including two each by Mario Williams and Jerry Hughes.'
Ford Field provides unique atmosphere for Buffalo Bills' blowout win over New York Jets [1:43 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: '"I'll tell you what," Bills coach Doug Marrone said. "Our fans, they were phenomenal. When I first came out there, I didn't know what to expect. I know there was a radio station trying to garner up a bunch of Jet green out or something like that. We heard that and obviously were concerned about, 'Is it going to be a home field' and stuff like that, be ready for a silent count. As soon as I came out and looked to the right and saw all those blue jerseys, I was like, 'Holy cow, baby. Here we go.' That was a little bit of a relief for me in the beginning of the game."'
Doug Marrone gives game ball to Erie County emergency response team after Buffalo Bills win [1:42 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: '"Afterwards, I gave the game ball obviously to the emergency response team in Erie County," Marrone said. "I think that's important. Pretty much too many people to thank for us being able to get it together."'
Buffalo Bills respond to adversity, and 5 observations from dominant win over Jets [1:41 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: 'Maybe the extra time off helped the Bills figure out their red-zone issues. After failing to score a red-zone touchdown against the Chiefs or Dolphins the last two games, the Bills scored three touchdowns in three trips to the red zone on Monday and scored 38 points. Either the Bills figured something out or the Jets are just that bad. Buffalo now has 81 points in two games against the Jets this season and 156 points in their other nine games.'
Fred Jackson active, Marquise Goodwin inactive [1:40 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: 'Goodwin and Williams have been jockeying for position at the bottom of the Bills' wide receiver depth chart throughout the season, and it appears Williams has passed Goodwin this week.'
Russ Brandon says Buffalo Bills '100 percent ready' to host Cleveland Browns at Ralph Wilson Stadium [1:39 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: 'The Bills' plan is to travel back to Buffalo after their Monday night game and resume life as normal after a hectic week that included two missed practices and a relocated, postponed Week 12 game.'
NFL, Buffalo Bills considered Yankee Stadium, Penn State before settling on Ford Field [1:38 AM]
Syracuse Post-Standard reports: 'Once it came down to a handful of NFL stadiums, Ford Field made the most sense because of its proximity to Buffalo, indoor field and the fact that the Lions were playing on the road in Week 12.'
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Coleen McLoughlin to become new face of Diet Coke
By by Alex Donohue, brandrepublic.com, Monday, 06 November 2006 08:40AM
LONDON - Coleen McLoughlin, girlfriend of England and Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney, is to become the face of Diet Coke, matching her partner's contract with sister brand Coke Zero.
According to reports, McLoughlin and Rooney will appear together in a TV and billboard campaign this Christmas in a deal that follows her £1.5m agreement with Asda clothing range George for its Must Have range, which launched in September.
Rooney was dropped as the face of Asda just three months into a £3m deal in July, following poor performances in the World Cup for England.
It is understood that McLoughlin and Rooney had previously wished to be viewed as "separate acquisitions" in ads, but the deal with Coca-Cola will mark the first time the couple have appeared in a campaign together.
McLoughlin already has a £500,000 contract with LG Mobile, to advertise its touchpad slide mobile phone, and helped launch the company's LG Chocolate Pink phone range in Manchester on Friday.
She has garnered an estimated £6m in ad deals, making her one of the most successful England WAGs, along with Victoria Beckham, who launched the Intimately Beckham scent range, and Girls Aloud singer Cheryl Tweedy, wife of Ashley Cole, who helped launch Coke Zero in July.
McLoughlin also has a £1.5m ad deal with Nike to promote its Nike C womenswear range.
If you have an opinion on this or any other issue raised on Brand Republic, join the debate in the Forum.
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Here goes and hope this makes sense. The book is index alphabetically--for instance the surname Williams---then every page that has a Williams is given. When you go to that page in gives the row # sometime plot # and grave #. The book is grouped by Sections. If you could email me the name of your parents I will look them up and give you the location of the graves. There is also a map in the front of the book that shows where the different sections are.
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Menswear Shop
Park Lane Collection
Menswear Shop
48 Park Lane, Mayfair, W1K 1PR [map]
Park Lane Collection sell exclusive handmade Italian suits and jackets as well as a selection of shirts, ties and accessories
Patrick Hellman
Menswear Shop
54 St. James's Street, St. James's, SW1A 1JT [map]
Peckham Rye
Menswear Shop
11 Newburgh Street, London, W1F 7RW [map]
Peckham Rye has a 200 year heritage of producing fine London tailoring.
Pellini Uomo
Menswear Shop
93A Knightsbridge, Knightsbridge, SW1X 7RB [map]
Pellini sell a range of Italian designer clothes for men including coats, jumpers, socks and accessories.
Pretty Green
Menswear Shop
57 Carnaby Street, W1F 9QF
Pretty Green is a British clothing label founded and designed by Liam Gallagher.
Pretty Green
Menswear Shop
4 East Piazza, Covent Garden, Covent Garden, WC2E 8HD [map]
The second retail outlet in London for Liam Gallagher's Pretty Green label.
Q By Santos & Mowen
Menswear Shop
10 Earlham Street, Covent Garden, WC2H 9RY [map]
Q By Santos & Mowen sell a collection of clothes, accessories and sportswear for men.
Richard Gelding
Menswear Shop
27 North Audley Street, Mayfair, W1K 6WU [map]
Richard Gelding sell a wide range of formal menswear as well as a selection of accessories including socks, belts and cufflinks.
Romeo's Menswear
Menswear Shop
74 Chancery Lane, Holborn, WC2A 1AD [map]
Savoy Taylors Guild
Menswear Shop
93-95 Strand, Charing Cross, WC2R 0DW [map]
A division of Moss Bros, Savoy Taylors Guild sell an extensive range of contemporary designer labelled suits, blazers, trousers, shirts and sports jackets for men.
Sefton Menswear
Menswear Shop
196 Upper St, Islington, N1 1RQ [map]
Sefton specialise in a range of formal and casual wear for men and women.
Simon Carter
Menswear Shop
32-34 Shepherd Market, Mayfair, W1J 7QW [map]
Designer Simon Carter is known for accessories and clothing hallmarked by quintessential British tailoring, fine craftsmanship and a dash of gentlemanly eccentricity.
Start - Formalwear
Menswear Shop
40 Rivington Street, Shoreditch, EC2A 3LX [map]
Start - Menswear
Menswear Shop
59 Rivington Street, EC2A 3LX [map]
Designer menswear in the heart of Shoreditch, Start was founded in 2002 by husband and wife team Brix and Philip Start.
Stumper & Fielding
Menswear Shop
107 Portobello Road, Notting Hill, W11 2QB [map]
Stumper & Fielding is an independent clothing store offering traditional English clothing with a contemporary twist
Suit 2 Suit
Menswear Shop
232 Baker Street, Marylebone, NW1 5RT [map]
The Suit Company
Menswear Shop
136 Oxford Street, Marylebone, W1D 1LX [map]
Menswear Shop
249 Portobello Road, Notting Hill, W11 1LT [map]
Supra sell a wide range of designer streetwear for men and women.
Menswear Shop
71 Chamberlayne Road, Brent Park, NW10 3ND [map]
Supra sell a wide range of designer streetwear for men and women.
You Might Also Like
Department Store
87-135 Brompton Road, Knightsbridge, SW1X 7XL [map]
Harrods remains at the height of British luxury retail, attracting millions of loyal customers from across the globe with its unrivalled product selection.
Department Store
Regent Street, W1B 5AH [map]
Liberty is one of the last great emporiums for innovative and eclectic design. Explore five floors of fashion, beauty, accessories and homewares to find a selection of beautiful and luxurious products
John Lewis Oxford Street
Department Store
300 Oxford Street, W1A 1EX [map]
John Lewis Oxford Street is an unmissable shopping destination for visitors to London, offering one of the best collections of British brands and famed for its rich heritage and Royal Warrant status.


text:
Ginger's Birthday Cheats for iPhone - iPodHome / iPhone - iPod /
This page contains Cheats for Ginger's Birthday organized by sections for iPhone - iPod. Ginger's Birthday is a Action General game, made by Out Fit 7 Ltd., released on Apr 26, 2013 and published by Out Fit 7 Ltd.. If you can't find a hint or secret in our list, then please check this page periodically for the latest updates.
- Developer:
Ginger's Birthday iPhone - iPod Cheats
Talking Ginger is turning 5 and it's time for the best birthday party ever - with awesome food, fun games and a happy little kitten. And yes, you're invited! Pick from a variety of yummy snacks to feed Ginger and make his tummy happy. Grab a party whistle and blow it until you're out of breath. And what's a good birthday party without a huge cake, right? Help Ginger blow out all the pesky little candles now! Every time you feed Ginger, make some noise with the party whistle and blow all the candles out, you unlock new puzzle pieces of Ginger's birthday party memories. There are 40 jigsaw puzzles to unlock (with more to come!), so you better get started fast. ;)Out Fit 7 Ltd.
- Publisher: Out Fit 7 Ltd.
- Genre: Action General
- Release Date: Apr 26, 2013
- ESRB: Not Set
Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Ginger's Birthday expert then please try to help others with their questions.
I need that lunch bag how to get it:-)...
Posted on: 09-06-2013
Since I unlocked the "spooky" candle, the green one with a Halloween face, I couldn't blow it out. I tried double tapping, single tapping, long tapping, short tapping, multiple tapping, and ...
Posted on: 07-26-2013
Don't forget to Bookmark this page for the latest Ginger's Birthday Cheats. At this moment there are no cheats or walkthroughs available for Ginger's Birthday. If you know cheats, secrets, hints or glitches for this game then please Submit them.Submit Cheats
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How long should I wait to take plan B after consuming advil ?
I just took an advil how long do I have to wait until I take a Plan B
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Thanks for the query
is ibuprufen, it is taken most often for
tooth ache
. I dont exactly know what is the Plan B!
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Advil is ibuprufen, it is taken most often for tooth ache. I dont exactly know what is the Plan B!
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text: Pinto Madness by Mark Dowie One evening in the mid-1960s, Arjay Miller was driving home from his office in Dearborn, Michigan, in the four-door Lincoln Continental that went with his job as president of the Ford Motor Company. On a crowded highway, another car struck his from the rear. The Continental spun around and burst into flames. Because he was wearing a shoulder strap seat belt, Miller was unharmed by the crash, and because his doors didn't jam he escaped the flaming wreck. But the accident made a vivid impression on him. Several months later, on July 15, 1965, he recounted it to a U.S. Senate subcommittee that was hearing testimony on auto safety legislation. "I still have burning in my mind the image of that gas tank on fire," Miller said. He went on to express an almost passionate interest in controlling fuel-fed fires in cars that crash or roll over. He spoke with excitement about the fabric gas tank Ford was testing at that very moment. "If it proves out," he promised the senators, "it will be a feature you will see in our standard cars." Almost seven years after Miller's testimony, a woman, whom for legal reasons we will call Sandra Gillespie, pulled onto a Minneapolis highway in her new Ford Pinto. Riding with her was a young boy, whom we'll call Robbie Carlton. As she entered a merge lane, Sandra Gillespie's car stalled. Another car rear-ended hers at an impact speed of 28 miles per hour. The Pinto's gas tank ruptured. Vapors from it mixed quickly with the air in the passenger compartment. A spark ignited the mixture and the car exploded in a ball of fire. Sandra died in agony a few hours later in an emergency hospital. Her passenger, 13-year-old Robbie Carlton, is still alive; he has just come home from another futile operation aimed at grafting a new ear and nose from skin on the few unscarred portions of his badly burned body. (This accident is real; the details are from police reports.) Why did Sandra Gillespie's Ford Pinto catch fire so easily, seven years after Ford's Arjay Miller made his apparently sincere pronouncements – the same seven years that brought more safety improvements to cars than any other period in automotive history? An extensive investigation by Mother Jones over the past six months has found these answers: Fighting strong competition from Volkswagen for the lucrative small car market, the Ford Motor Company rushed the Pinto Into production in much less than the usual time. Ford engineers discovered in pre-production crash tests that rear-end collisions would rupture the Pinto's fuel system extremely easily. Because assembly-line machinery was already tooled when engineers found this defect, top Ford officials decided to manufacture the car anyway – exploding gas tank and all – even though Ford owned the patent on a much safer gas tank. For more than eight years afterwards, Ford successfully lobbied, with extraordinary vigor and some blatant lies, against a key government safety standard that would have forced the company to change the Pinto's fire-prone gas tank. 1 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 By conservative estimates Pinto crashes have caused 500 burn deaths to people who would not have been seriously injured if the car had not burst into flames. Burning Pintos have become such an embarrassment to Ford that its advertising agency, J. Walter Thompson, dropped a line from the end of a radio spot that read, "Pinto leaves you with that warm feeling." Ford knows the Pinto is a firetrap, yet it has paid out millions to settle damage suits out of court, and it is prepared to spend millions more lobbying against safety standards. With a half million cars rolling off the assembly lines each year, Pinto is the biggest-selling subcompact in America, and the company's operating profit on the car is fantastic. Finally, in 1977, new Pinto models have incorporated a few minor alterations necessary to meet that federal standard Ford managed to hold off for eight years. Why did the company delay so long in making these minimal, inexpensive improvements? Ford waited eight years because its internal "cost-benefit analysis," which places a dollar value on human life, said it wasn't profitable to make the changes sooner. Before we get to the question of how much Ford thinks your life is worth, let's trace the history of the death trap itself. Although this particular story is about the Pinto, the way in which Ford made its decision is typical of the U.S. auto industry generally. There are plenty of similar stories about other cars made by other companies. But this case is the worst of them all. The next time you drive behind a Pinto (with over two million of them on the road, you shouldn't have much trouble finding one), take a look at the rear end. That long silver object hanging down under the bumper is the gas tank. The tank begins about six inches forward of the bumper. In late models the bumper is designed to withstand a collision of only about five miles per hour. Earlier bumpers may as well not have been on the car for all the protection they offered the gas tank. Mother Jones has studied hundreds of reports and documents on rearend collisions involving Pintos. These reports conclusively reveal that if you ran into that Pinto you were following at over 30 miles per hour, the rear end of the car would buckle like an accordion, right up to the back seat. The tube leading to the gas-tank cap would be ripped away from the lank itself, and gas would immediately begin sloshing onto the road around the car. The buckled gas tank would be jammed up against the differential housing, which contains four sharp protruding bolts likely to gash holes in the tank and spill still more gas. The welded seam between the main body frame and the wheel well would split, allowing gas to enter the interior of the car. Now all you need is a spark from a cigarette, ignition, or scraping metal, and both cars would be engulfed in flames. If you gave the Pinto a really good whack – say, at 40 mph – chances are excellent that its doors would jam and you would have to stand by and watch its trapped passengers burn to death. This scenario is no news to Ford. Internal company documents in our possession show that Ford has crash-tested the Pinto at a top-secret site more than 40 times and that every test made at over 25 mph without special structural alteration of the car has resulted in a ruptured fuel tank. Despite this, Ford officials denied having crash-tested the Pinto. 2 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 Eleven of these tests, averaging a 31-mph impact speed, came before Pintos started rolling out of the factories. Only three cars passed the test with unbroken fuel tanks. In one of them an inexpensive light-weight metal baffle was placed so those bolts would not perforate the tank. (Don't forget about that baffle, which costs about a dollar and weighs about a pound. It plays an important role in our story later on.) In another successful test, a piece of steel was placed between the tank and the bumper. In the third test car the gas tank was lined with a rubber bladder. But none of these protective alterations was used in the mass-produced Pinto. In pre-production planning, engineers seriously considered using in the Pinto the same kind of gas tank Ford uses in the Capri. The Capri tank rides over the rear axle and differential housing. It has been so successful in over 50 crash tests that Ford used it to its Experimental Safety Vehicle, which withstood rear-end impacts of 60 mph. So why wasn't the Capri tank used to the Pinto? Or, why wasn't that baffle placed between the tank and the axle – something that would have saved the life of Sandra Gillespie and hundreds like her. Why was a car known to be a serious fire hazard deliberately released to production in August of 1970? Whether Ford should manufacture subcompacts at all was the subject of, bitter two-year debate at the company's Dearborn headquarters. The principals in the corporate struggle were the then-president Semon "Bunky" Knudsen, whom Henry Ford II had hired away from General Motors, and Lee Iacocca, a spunky young turk who had risen fast within the company on the enormous success of the Mustang. Iacocca argued forcefully that Volkswagen and the Japanese were going to capture the entire American subcompact market unless Ford put out its own alternative to the VW Beetle. Bunky Knudsen said, in effect: let them have the small-car market; Ford makes good money on medium and large models. But he lost the battle and later resigned. Iacocca became president and almost immediately began a rush program to produce the Pinto. Like the Mustang, the Pinto became known in the company as "Lee's car." Lee Iacocca wanted that little car in the showrooms of America with the 1971 models. So he ordered his engineering vice president, Bob Alexander, to oversee what was probably the shortest production planning period in modern automotive history. The normal time span from conception to production of a new car model is about 43 months. The Pinto schedule was set at just under 25. Design, styling, product planning, advance engineering and quality assurance all have flexible time frames, and engineers can pretty much carry these on simultaneously. Tooling, on the other hand, has a fixed time frame of about 18 months. Normally, an auto company doesn't begin tooling until the other processes are almost over. But Iacocca's speed-up meant Pinto tooling went on at the same time to product development. So when crash tests revealed a serious defect in the gas tank, it was too late. The tooling was well under way. When it was discovered the gas tank was unsafe, did anyone go to Iacocca and tell him? "Hell no," replied an engineer who worked on the Pinto, a high company official for many years, who, unlike several others at Ford, maintains a necessarily clandestine concern for safety. "That person would have been fired. Safety wasn't a popular subject around Ford in those days. With Lee it was taboo. Whenever a problem was raised that meant a delay on the Pinto, Lee would chomp on his cigar, look out the window and say 'Read the product objectives and get back to work.'" 3 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 The product objectives are clearly stated in the Pinto "green book. "This is a thick, top- secret manual in green covers containing a step-by-step production plan for the model, detailing the metallurgy, weight, strength and quality of every part in the car. The product objectives for the Pinto are repeated in an article by Ford executive F. G. Olsen published by the Society of Automotive Engineers. He lists these product objectives as follows: 1. TRUE SUBCOMPACT • Size • Weight. 2. LOW COST OF OWNERSHIP • Initial price • Fuel consumption • Reliability • Serviceability. 3. CLEAR PRODUCT SUPERIORITY • Appearance • Comfort • Features • Ride and Handling • Performance Safety, you will notice, is not there. It is not mentioned in the entire article. As Lee Iacocca was fond of saying, "Safety doesn't sell." Heightening the anti-safety pressure on Pinto engineers was an important goal set by Iacocca known as "the limits of 2,000." The Pinto was not to weigh an ounce over 2,000 pounds and not to cost a cent over $2,000. "Iacocca enforced these limits with an iron hand;" recalls the engineer quoted earlier. So, even when a crash test showed that that one-pound, one-dollar piece of metal stopped the puncture of the gas tank, it was thrown out as extra cost and extra weight. People shopping for subcompacts are watching every dollar. "You have to keep in mind," the engineer explained, "that the price elasticity on these subcompacts is extremely tight. You can price yourself right out of the market by adding $25 to the production cost of the model. And nobody understands that better than Iacocca." Dr. Leslie Ball, the retired safety chief for the NASA manned space program and a founder of the International Society of Reliability Engineers, recently made a careful study of the Pinto. "The release to production of the Pinto was the most reprehensible decision in the history of American engineering," he said. Ball can name more than 40 European and Japanese models in the Pinto price and weight range with safer gas-tank positioning. Ironically, many of them, like the Ford Capri, contain a "saddle-type" gas tank riding over the back axle. The patent on the saddle-type tank is owned by the Ford Motor Co. Los Angeles auto safety expert Byron Bloch has made an in-depth study of the Pinto fuel system. "It's a catastrophic blunder," he says. "Ford made an extremely irresponsible decision when they placed such a weak tank in such a ridiculous location in such a soft rear end. It's almost designed to blow up – premeditated." A Ford engineer, who doesn't want his name used, comments: "This company is run by salesmen, not engineers: so the priority is styling, not safety." He goes on to tell a story about gas-tank safety at Ford: Lou Tubben is one of the most popular engineers at Ford. He's a friendly, outgoing guy with a genuine concern for safety. By 1971 he had grown so concerned about gas-tank integrity that he asked his boss if he could prepare a presentation on safer tank design. Tubben and his 4 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 boss had both worked on the Pinto and shared a concern for its safety. His boss gave him the go- ahead, scheduled a date for the presentation and invited all company engineers and key production planning personnel. When time came for the meeting, a total of two people showed up – Lou Tubben and his boss. "So you see," continued the anonymous Ford engineer, "there are a few of us here at Ford who are concerned about fire safety." He adds: "They are mostly engineers who have to study a lot of accident reports and look at pictures of burned people. But we don't talk about it much. It isn't a popular subject. I've never seen safety on the agenda of a product meeting and, except for a brief period in 1956, can't remember seeing the word safety in an advertisement. I really don't think the company wants American consumers to start thinking too much about safety – for fear they might demand it, I suppose." Asked about the Pinto gas tank, another Ford engineer admitted: "That's all true. But you miss the point entirely. You see, safety isn't the issue, trunk space is. You have no idea how stiff the competition is over York space. Do you realize that if we put a Capri-type tank in the Pinto you could only get one set of golf clubs in the trunk?" Blame for Sandra Gillespie's death, Robbie Carlton's unrecognizable face and all the other injuries and deaths in Pintos since 1970 does not rest on the shoulders of Lee Iacocca alone. For, while he and his associates fought their battle against a safer Pinto in Dearborn, a larger war against safer cars raged in Washington. One skirmish in that war involved Ford's successful eight-year lobbying effort against Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 301, the rear-end provisions of which would have forced Ford to redesign the Pinto. But first some background: During the early '60s, auto safety legislation became the bête- noire of American big business. The auto industry was the last great unregulated business, and if if couldn't reverse the tide of government regulation, the reasoning went, no one could. People who know him cannot remember Henry Ford taking a stronger stand than the one he took against the regulation of safety design. He spent weeks in Washington calling on members of Congress, holding press conferences and recruiting business cronies like W. B. Murphy of Campbell's Soup to join the anti-regulation battle. Displaying the sophistication for which today's American corporate leaders will be remembered, Murphy publicly called auto safety "a hula hoop, a fad that will pass." He was speaking to a special luncheon of the Business Council, an organization of 100 chief executives who gather periodically in Washington to provide "advice" and "counsel" to government. The target of their wrath in this instance was the Motor Vehicle Safety Bills introduced in both houses of Congress, largely in response to Ralph Nader's Unsafe at Any speed. By 1965, most pundits and lobbyists saw the handwriting on the wall and prepared to accept government "meddling" in the last bastion of free enterprise. Not Henry. With bulldog tenacity, he held out for defeat of the legislation to the very end, loyal to his grandfather's invention and to the company that makes it. But the Safety Act passed the House and Senate unanimously, and was signed into law by Lyndon Johnson in 1966. 5 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 While lobbying for and against legislation is pretty much a process of high-level back- slapping, press-conferencing and speech-making, fighting a regulatory agency is a much subtler matter. Henry headed home to lick his wounds in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, and a planeload of the Ford Motor Company's best brains flew to Washington to start the "education" of the new federal auto safety bureaucrats. Their job was to implant the official industry ideology in the minds of the new officials regulating auto safety. Briefly summarized, that ideology states that auto accidents are caused not by cars, but by people and highway conditions. It is an experience to hear automotive "safety engineers" talk for hours without ever mentioning cars. They will advocate spending billions educating youngsters, punishing drunks and redesigning street signs. Listening to them, you begin to think that it is easier to control 100 million drivers than a handful of manufacturers. They show movies about guardrail design and advocate the clear-cutting of trees 100 feet back from every highway in the nation. If a car is unsafe, they argue, it is because its owner doesn't maintain it properly. In light of an annual death rate approaching 50,000, they are forced to admit that driving is hazardous. But the car is, in the words of Arjay Miller, "the safest link in the safety chain." Before the Ford experts left Washington to return to drafting tables in Dearborn they did one other thing. They managed to informally reach an agreement with the major public servants who would be making auto safety decisions. This agreement was that "cost-benefit" would be an acceptable mode of analysis by Detroit and its new regulators. And, as we shall see, cost-benefit analysis quickly became the basis of Ford's argument against safer car design. Cost-benefit analysis was used only occasionally in government until President Kennedy appointed Ford Motor Company President Robert McNamara to be Secretary of Defense. McNamara, originally an accountant, preached cost-benefit with all the force of a Biblical zealot. Stated in its simplest terms, cost-benefit analysis says that if the cost is greater than the benefit, the project is not worth it – no matter what the benefit. Examine the cost of every action, decision, contract, part, or change, the doctrine says, then carefully evaluate the benefits (in dollars) to be certain that they exceed tile cost before you begin a program or pass a regulation. As a management tool in a business in which profits count over all else, cost-benefit analysis makes a certain amount of sense. Serious problems arise, however, when public officials who ought to have more than corporate profits at heart apply cost-benefit analysis to every conceivable decision. The inevitable result is that they must place a dollar value on human life. Ever wonder what your life is worth in dollars? Perhaps $10 million? Ford has a better idea: $200,000. Remember, Ford had gotten the federal regulators to agree to talk auto safety in terms of cost-benefit. But in order to be able to argue that various safety costs were greater than their benefits, Ford needed to have a dollar value figure for the "benefit." Rather than coming up with a price tag itself, the auto industry pressured the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 6 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 to do so. And in a 1972 report the agency determined that a human life lost on the highway was worth $200,725 [Table 1]. Inflationary forces have recently pushed the figure up to $278,000. Furnished with this useful tool, Ford immediately went to work using it to prove why various safety improvements were too expensive to make. Nowhere did the company argue harder that it should make no changes than in the area of rupture-prone fuel tanks. Not long after the government arrived at the $200,725-per-life figure, it surfaced, rounded off to a cleaner $200,000, in an internal Ford memorandum. This cost-benefit analysis argued that Ford should not make an $11-per-car improvement that would prevent 180 fiery deaths a year. This cold calculus [Table 2] is buried in a seven-page company memorandum entitled "Fatalities Associated with Crash-Induced Fuel Leakage and Fires." The memo goes on to argue that there is no financial benefit in complying with proposed safety standards that would admittedly result in fewer auto fires, fewer burn deaths and fewer burn injuries. Naturally, memoranda that speak so casually of "burn deaths" and "burn injuries" are not released to the public. They are very effective, however, with Department of Transportation officials indoctrinated in McNamarian cost-benefit analysis. All Ford had to do was convince men like John Volpe, Claude Brinegar and William Coleman (successive Secretaries of Transportation during the Nixon-Ford years) that certain safety standards would add so much to the price of cars that fewer people would buy them. This could damage the auto industry, which was still believed to be the bulwark of the American economy. "Compliance to these standards," Henry Ford ll prophesied at more than one press conference, "will shut down the industry." The Nixon Transportation Secretaries were the kind of regulatory officials big business dreams of. They understood and loved capitalism and thought like businessmen. Yet, best of all, they came into office uninformed on technical automotive matters. And you could talk "burn injuries" and "burn deaths" with these guys, and they didn't seem to envision children crying at funerals and people hiding in their homes with melted faces. Their minds appeared to have leapt right to the bottom line – more safety meant higher prices, higher prices meant lower sales and lower sales meant lower profits. So when J.C. Echold, Director of Automotive Safety (chief anti-safety lobbyist) for Ford, wrote to the Department of Transportation – which he still does frequently, at great length – he felt secure attaching a memorandum that in effect says it is acceptable to kill 180 people and bum another 180 every year, even though we have the technology that could save their lives for $11 a car. Furthermore, Echold attached this memo, confident, evidently, that the Secretary would question neither his low death/injury statistics nor his high cost estimates. But it turns out, on closer examination, that both these findings were misleading. First, note that Ford's table shows an equal number of burn deaths and burn injuries. This is false. All independent experts estimate that for each person who dies by an auto fire, many more are left with charred hands, faces and limbs. Andrew McGuire of the Northern California 7 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 Burn Center estimates the ratio of burn injuries to deaths at ten to one instead of the one to one Ford shows here. Even though Ford values a burn at only a piddling $67,000 instead of the $200,000 price of life, the true ratio obviously throws the company's calculations way off. The other side of the equation, the alleged $11 cost of a fire-prevention device, is also a misleading estimation. One document that was not sent to Washington by Ford was a "Confidential" cost analysis Mother Jones has managed to obtain, showing that crash fires could be largely prevented for considerably less than $11 a car. The cheapest method involves placing a heavy rubber bladder inside the gas tank to keep the fuel from spilling if the tank ruptures. Goodyear had developed the bladder and had demonstrated it to the automotive industry. We have in our possession crash-test reports showing that the Goodyear bladder worked well. On December 2, 1970 (two years before Echold sent his cost-benefit memo to Washington), Ford Motor Company ran a rear-end crash test on a car with the rubber bladder in the gas tank. The tank ruptured, but no fuel leaked. On January 15, 1971, Ford again tested the bladder and again it worked. The total purchase and installation cost of the bladder would have been $5 08 per car. That $5.08 could have saved the lives of Sandra Gillespie and several hundred others. When a federal regulatory agency like the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) decides to issue a new standard, the law usually requires it to invite all interested parties to respond before the standard is enforced – a reasonable-enough custom on the surface. However, the auto industry has taken advantage of this process and has used it to delay lifesaving emission and safety standards for years. In the case of the standard that would have corrected that fragile Pinto fuel tank, the delay was for an incredible eight years. The particular regulation involved here was Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 301. Ford picked portions of Standard 301 for strong opposition back in 1968 when the Pinto was still in the blueprint stage. The intent of 301, and the 300 series that followed it, was to protect drivers and passengers after a crash occurs. Without question the worst postcrash hazard is fire. So Standard 301 originally proposed that all cars should be able to withstand a fixed-barrier impact of 20 mph (that is, running into a wall at that speed) without losing fuel. When the standard was proposed, Ford engineers pulled their crash-test results out of their files. The front ends of most cars were no problem – with minor alterations they could stand the impact without losing fuel. "We were already working on the front end," Ford engineer Dick Kimble admitted. "We knew we could meet the test on the front end." But with the Pinto particularly, a 20-mph rear-end standard meant redesigning the entire rear end of the car. With the Pinto scheduled for production in August of 1970, and with $200 million worth of tools in place, adoption of this standard would have created a minor financial disaster. So Standard 301 was targeted for delay, and, with some assistance from its industry associates, Ford succeeded beyond its wildest expectations: the standard was not adopted until the 1977 model year. Here is how it happened: There are several main techniques in the art of combating a government safety standard: a) make your arguments in succession, so the feds can be working on disproving only one at a time; b) claim that the real problem is not X but Y (we already saw one instance of this in "the problem is not cars but people"); c) no matter how ridiculous each argument is, accompany it 8 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 with thousands of pages of highly technical assertions it will take the government months or, preferably, years to test. Ford's large and active Washington office brought these techniques to new heights and became the envy of the lobbyists' trade. The Ford people started arguing against Standard 301 way back in 1968 with a strong attack of technique b). Fire, they said, was not the real problem. Sure, cars catch fire and people burn occasionally. But statistically auto fires are such a minor problem that NHTSA should really concern itself with other matters. Strange as it may seem, the Department of Transportation (NHTSA's parent agency) didn't know whether or not this was true. So it contracted with several independent research groups to study auto fires. The studies took months, often years, which was just what Ford wanted. The completed studies, however, showed auto fires to be more of a problem than Transportation officials ever dreamed of. A Washington research firm found that 400,000 cars were burning up every year, burning more than 3,000 people to death. Furthermore, auto fires were increasing five times as fast as building fires. Another study showed that 35 per cent of all fire deaths in the U.S. occurred in automobiles. Forty per cent of all fire department calls in the 1960s were to vehicle fires – a public cost of $350 million a year, a figure that, incidentally, never shows up in cost-benefit analyses. Another study was done by the Highway Traffic Research Institute in Ann Arbor, Michigan, a safety think-tank funded primarily by the auto industry (the giveaway there is the words "highway traffic" rather than "automobile" in the group's name). It concluded that 40 per cent of the lives lost in fuel-fed fires could be saved if the manufacturers complied with proposed Standard 301. Finally, a third report was prepared for NHTSA. This report indicated that the Ford Motor Company makes 24 per cent of the cars on the American road, yet these cars account for 42 per cent of the collision-ruptured fuel tanks. Ford lobbyists then used technique a) – bringing up a new argument. Their line then became: yes, perhaps burn accidents do happen, but rear-end collisions are relatively rare (note the echo of technique b) here as well). Thus Standard 301 was not needed. This set the NHTSA off on a new round of analyzing accident reports. The government's findings finally were that rear-end collisions were seven and a half times more likely to result in fuel spills than were front- end collisions. So much for that argument. By now it was 1972; NHTSA had been researching and analyzing for four years to answer Ford's objections. During that time, nearly 9,000 people burned to death in flaming wrecks. Tens of thousands more were badly burned and scarred fertile. And the four-year delay meant that well over 10 million new unsafe vehicles went on the road, vehicles that will be crashing, leaking fuel and incinerating people well into the 1980s. Ford now had to enter its third round of battling the new regulations. On the "the problem is not X but Y" principle, the company had to look around for something new to get itself off the hook. One might have thought that, faced with all the latest statistics on the horrifying number of deaths in flaming accidents, Ford would find the task difficult. But the company's rhetoric was brilliant. The problem was not burns, but . . . impact! Most of the 9 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 people killed in these fiery accidents, claimed Ford, would have died whether the car burned or not. They were killed by the kinetic force of the impact, not the fire. And so once again, the ball bounced into the government's court and the absurdly pro- industry NHTSA began another slow-motion response. Once again it began a time-consuming round of test crashes and embarked on a study of accidents. The latter, however, revealed that a large and growing number of corpses taken from burned cars involved in rear-end crashes contained no cuts, bruises or broken bones. They clearly would have survived the accident unharmed if the cars had not caught fire. This pattern was confirmed in careful rear-end crash tests performed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. A University of Miami study found an inordinate number of Pintos burning on rear-end impact and concluded that this demonstrated "a clear and present hazard to all Pinto owners." Pressure on NHTSA from Ralph Nader and consumer groups began mounting. The industry-agency collusion was so obvious that Senator Joseph Montoya (D-N.M.) introduced legislation about Standard 301. NHTSA wafed some more and again announced its intentions to promulgate a rear-end collision standard. Waiting, as it normally does, until the last day allowed for response, Ford filed with NHTSA a gargantuan batch of letters, studies and charts now arguing that the federal testing criteria were unfair. Ford also argued that design changes required to meet the standard would take 43 months, which seemed like a rather long time in light of the fact that the entire Pinto was designed in about two years. Specifically new complaints about the standard involved the weight of the test vehicle, whether or not the brakes should be engaged at the moment of impact and the claim that the standard should only apply to cars, not trucks or buses. Perhaps the most amusing argument was that the engine should not be idling during crash tests, the rationale being that an idling engine meant that the gas tank had to contain gasoline and that the hot lights needed to film the crash might ignite the gasoline and cause afire. Some of these complaints were accepted, others rejected. But they all required examination and testing by a weak-kneed NHTSA, meaning more of those 18-month studies the industry loves so much. So the complaints served their real purpose – delay; all told, an eight- year delay, while Ford manufactured more than three million profitable, dangerously incendiary Pintos. To justify this delay, Henry Ford II called more press conferences to predict the demise of American civilization. "If we can't meet the standards when they are published," he warned, "we will have to close down. And if we have to close down some production because we don't meet standards we're in for real trouble in this country." While government bureaucrats dragged their feet on lifesaving Standard 301, a different kind of expert was taking a close look at the Pinto – the "recon man." "Recon" stands for reconstruction; recon men reconstruct accidents for police departments, insurance companies and lawyers who want to know exactly who or what caused an accident. It didn't take many rear-end Pinto accidents to demonstrate the weakness of the car. Recon men began encouraging lawyers to look beyond one driver or another to the manufacturer in their search for fault, particularly in the growing number of accidents where passengers were uninjured by collision but were badly burned by fire. 10 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 Pinto lawsuits began mounting fast against Ford. Says John Versace, executive safety engineer at Ford's Safety Research Center, "Ulcers are running pretty high among the engineers who worked on the Pinto. Every lawyer in the country seems to want to take their depositions." (The Safety Research Center is an impressive glass and concrete building standing by itself about a mile from Ford World Headquarters in Dearborn. Looking at it, one imagines its large staff protects consumers from burned and broken limbs. Not so. The Center is the technical support arm of Jack Echold's 14-person anti-regulatory lobbying team in World Headquarters.) When the Pinto liability suits began, Ford strategy was to go to a jury. Confident it could hide the Pinto crash tests, Ford thought that juries of solid American registered voters would buy the industry doctrine that drivers, not cars, cause accidents. It didn't work. It seems that citizens are much quicker to see the truth than bureaucracies. Juries began ruling against the company, granting million-dollar awards to plaintiffs. "We'll never go to a jury again," says AI Slechmr in Ford's Washington office. "Not in a fire case. Juries are just too sentimental. They see those charred remains and forget the evidence. No sir, we'll settle." Settlement involves less cash, smaller legal fees and less publicity, but it is an indication of the weakness of their case. Nevertheless, Ford has been offering to settle when it is clear that the company cant pin the blame on the driver of the other car. But, since the company carries $2 million deductible product-liability insurance, these settlements have a direct impact on the bottom line. They must therefore be considered a factor in determining the net operating profit on the Pinto. It's impossible to get a straight answer from Ford on the profitability of the Pinto and the impact of lawsuit settlements on it – even when you have a curious and mildly irate shareholder call to inquire, as we did. However, financial officer Charles Matthews did admit that the company establishes a reserve for large dollar settlements. He would not divulge the amount of the reserve and had no explanation for its absence from the annual report. Until recently, it was clear that, whatever the cost of these settlements, it was not enough to seriously cut into the Pinto's enormous profits. The cost of retooling Pinto assembly lines and of equipping each car with a safety gadget like that $5.08 Goodyear bladder was, company accountants calculated, greater than that of paying out millions to survivors like Robbie Carlton or to widows and widowers of victims like Sandra Gillespie. The bottom line ruled, and inflammable Pintos kept rolling out of the factories. In 1977, however, an incredibly sluggish government has at last instituted Standard 301. Now Pintos will have to have rupture-proof gas tanks. Or will they? To everyone's surprise, the 1977 Pinto recently passed a rear-end crash test in Phoenix. Arizona, for NHTSA. The agency was so convinced the Pinto would fail that it was the first car tested. Amazingly, it did not burst into flame. "We have had so many Ford failures in the past," explained agency engineer Tom Grubbs, "I felt sure the Pinto would fail." How did it pass? Remember that one-dollar, one-pound metal baffle that was on one of the three modified Pintos that passed the pre-production crash tests nearly ten years ago? Well, it is a standard feature on the 1977 Pinto. In the Phoenix test it protected the gas tank from being perforated by those four bolts on the differential housing. 11 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 We asked Grubbs if he noticed any other substantial alterations in the rear-end structure of the car. "No," he replied, "the [baffle] seems to be the only noticeable change over the 1976 model." But was it? What Tom Grubbs and the Department of Transportation didn't know when they tested the car was that it was manufactured in St. Thomas, Ontario. Ontario? The significance of that becomes clear when you learn that Canada has for years had extremely strict rear-end collision standards. Tom Irwin is the business manager of Charlie Rossi Ford, the Scottsdale, Arizona dealership that sold the Pinto to Tom Grubbs. He refused to explain why he was selling Fords made in Canada when there is a huge Pinto assembly plant much closer by in California. "I know why you're asking that question, and I'm not going to answer it," he blurted out. "You'll have to ask the company." But Ford's regional office in Phoenix has "no explanation" for the presence of Canadian cars in their local dealerships. Farther up the line in Dearborn, Ford people claim there is absolutely no difference between American and Canadian Pintos. They say cars are shipped back and forth across the border as a matter of course. But they were hard pressed to explain why some Canadian Pintos were shipped all the way to Scottsdale, Arizona. Significantly, one engineer at the Sr. Thomas plant did admit that the existence of strict rear-end collision standards in Canada "might encourage us to pay a little mere attention to quality control on that part of the car." The Department of Transportation is considering buying an American Pinto and running the test again. For now, it will only say that the situation is under investigation. Whether the new American Pinto fails or passes the test, Standard 301 will never force the company to test or recall the more than two million pre-1977 Pintos still on the highway. Seventy or more people will burn to death in those cars every year for many years to come. If the past is any indication, Ford will continue to accept the deaths. According to safety expert Byron Bloch, the older cars could quite easily be retrofitted with gas tanks containing fuel cells. "These improved tanks would add at least 10 mph improved safety performance to the rear end," he estimated, "but it would cost Ford $20 to $30 a car so they won't do it unless they are forced to." Dr. Kenneth Saczalski, safety engineer with the Office of Naval Research in Washington, agrees. "The Defense Department has developed virtually fail-safe fuel systems and retrofitted them into existing vehicles. We have shown them to the auto industry and they have ignored them." Unfortunately, the Pinto is not an isolated case of corporate malpractice in the auto industry. Neither is Ford a lone sinner. There probably isn't a car on the road without a safety hazard known to its manufacturer. And though Ford may have the best auto lobbyists in Washington, it is not alone. The anti-emission control lobby and the anti-safety lobby usually work in chorus form, presenting a well-harmonized message from the country's richest industry, spoken through the voices of individual companies – the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, the Business Council and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 12 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 Furthermore, cost-valuing human life is not used by Ford alone. Ford was just the only company careless enough to let such an embarrassing calculation slip into public records. The process of willfully trading lives for profits goes back at least as far as Commodore Vanderbilt, who publicly scorned George Westinghouse and his "foolish" air brakes while people died by the hundreds in accidents on Vanderbilt's railroads. The original draft of the Motor Vehicle Safety Act provided for criminal sanction against a manufacturer who willfully placed an unsafe car on the market. Early in the proceedings the auto industry lobbied the provision out of the bill. Since then, there have been those damage settlements, of course, but the only government punishment meted out to auto companies for non-compliance to standards has been a minuscule fine, usually $5,000 to $10,000. One wonders how long the Ford Motor Company would continue to market lethal cars were Henry Ford ll and Lee Iacocca serving 20-year terms in Leavenworth for consumer homicide. This article was published in September of 1977, and in February 1978 a jury awarded a sixteen-year-old boy, badly burned in a rear-end Pinto accident, $128 million in damages (the accident occurred in 1973 in Santa Ana, Calif.). That was the largest single personal injury judgment in history. On May 8, 1978, the Department of Transportation announced that tests conducted in response to this article showed conclusively that the Pinto was defective in all respects described in the article and called for a recall of all 1971 to 1976 Pintos – the most expensive recall in automotive history. 13 Pinto Madness – Sociology101 Mark Dowie, "Pinto Madness," from Mother Jones, September/October 1977. 14 Pinto Madness – Sociology101


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Wisconsin's Death Toll From H1N1 Continues to Rise
Posted: 11/05/2009 - The total number of Wisconsin residents who have died from the H1N1 virus since spring is now up to 16.
Posted: 11/05/2009 - The total number of Wisconsin residents who have died from the H1N1 virus since spring is now up to 16.
Updated: 11/09/2009 - The Jingle Bell Run/Walk for the Arthritis Foundation is set for December 12 in Wausau. But the time to sign up is now.
Updated: 11/04/2009 - Flu cases on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus held steady last week, according to the weekly flu report from University Health Services.
Updated: 11/03/2009 - College students are very mobile people, always on the go and often, running on less than a healthy amount of sleep. And health experts say that makes them more susceptible to getting sick.
Updated: 11/01/2009 - KENOSHA, Wis. (AP) -- The Kenosha County health department says the death of a local adult is related to the swine-flu virus.
Updated: 10/29/2009 - It isn't just schools asking people who are feeling ill to stay home.
Updated: 10/29/2009 - School districts across Northcentral Wisconsin are keeping a close eye on students coming down with flu symptoms.
Posted: 10/28/2009 - The Family Birth Center at Saint Clare's is temporarily restricting visitors until further notice.
Posted: 10/28/2009 - The H1N1 vaccine is in very limited to supply.
Updated: 10/23/2009 - You might have a bottle of it on your desk or next to your bathroom sink. Either way, hand sanitizer has become a big seller.
Updated: 10/23/2009 - Three schools closed in Wisconsin on Thursday because of influenza-like illness, bringing the total number to 17 individual schools or entire school districts that have been closed at some point this month because of the flu.
Updated: 10/22/2009 - Women in our area don't always have to go to their doctor's office to get a mammogram.
Updated: 10/20/2009 - The first batches of the H1N1 vaccine in Wisconsin are being distributed this week.
Posted: 10/19/2009 - The U.S. Department of Agriculture says at least one pig from Minnesota has tested positive for the H1N1 virus, the first case of a pig contracting the virus in the United States.
Updated: 10/19/2009 - A Cargill Meat Solutions plant in Milwaukee is voluntarily recalling over 5,500 pounds of beef tongues because the tonsils may not have been completely removed.
Updated: 10/16/2009 - Aspirus Wausau Hospital attempts to take the spook out of shots for area children.
Updated: 10/16/2009 - CASHTON, Wis. (AP) -- A family member has identified the victim of swine flu in Monroe County as a 1-year-old child from Cashton.
Updated: 10/14/2009 - The Medford School District will close at the end of the day today due to an H1N1 outbreak.
Updated: 10/13/2009 - Reach for these items next time you're feeling under pressure, under the weather, or just too close to that breaking point. Munching on these stress-free foods will help pull you back into the game.
Updated: 10/12/2009 - The first batch of H1N1 vaccines will be hitting our area by the end of this week.
Posted: 10/09/2009 - MADISON, Wis. (AP) -- Thousands of low-income childless adults applied to get into Wisconsin's insurance program for them before the noon Friday deadline when enrollment was frozen.
Updated: 10/08/2009 - It's been said that dog saliva can cure a broken heart, but some dogs in our area are also proving they can help your health.
Updated: 10/07/2009 - MADISON, Wis. (AP) -- Democratic lawmakers say they'll introduce a bill to improve insurance coverage for the mentally ill and drug addicts.
Posted: 10/07/2009 - An interactive Web site is being offered to help people decide just how bad their flu symptoms are.
Updated: 10/07/2009 - WISCONSIN DELLS, Wis. (AP) -- The Columbia County health department has closed the Wisconsin Dells School District after hundreds of students missed school with influenza-like illness.


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Black Friday Special!
This Freeman Combo features three guns and a compressor.
Limited Supplies! $169.99
Teknatool Products 15% Off
Now is the best time of the year to get your NOVA and Teknatool fix!
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Open this book for insight about Chinese furniture. The beauty of traditional Chinese design is seen in the simplest household implements as well as in the great houses and furnishings of the Emperors. This new book celebrates items found in the households of China that are now finding growing appreciation among Western collectors and designers. Baskets, buckets, boxes, small items of furniture and cabinetry, and items of play and relaxation like mahjong sets, puppets, and bird cages are all featured.
This is the first book to discuss at length these Chinese accessories from 1850-1930. The author draws on her wide expertise as a long-time importer of Chinese antiques and passes her knowledge on to the reader. A wide range is illustrated with more than 275 color photos and detailed descriptions as well as a guide to retail values.
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- Publisher: Sigma-Team
- Release Date: Mar 14, 2009
- Summary: Alien Shooter 2 -Reloaded is a large-scale sequel to the first part of Alien Shooter. This is the unique alloy of arcade action and RPG elements which combines well-established world of classical games and unmatched dynamics of the first part. Alien Shooter 2 - Reloaded is a modified version of the Alien Shooter 2 game. Sigma Team started working on it right after release of AS2, taking into account the players' wishes. [Steam]… Expand
- Developer: Sigma-Team
- Genre(s): Action
- Cheats: On GameFAQs
- More Details and Credits »
Score distribution:
Positive: 1 out of 1
Mixed: 0 out of 1
Negative: 0 out of 1
Larger and more in-depth than the first remake, Alien Shooter 2: Reloaded packs a nice amount of fun into an incredibly small package.
Score distribution:
Positive: 1 out of 3
Mixed: 0 out of 3
Negative: 2 out of 3
AdamR.Jun 27, 2009There's Aliens. You shoot them. The title is very apt. However, you shoot a LOT of aliens in a LOT of different ways, it is always accessible yet challenging, and the graphics are simple, yet it works for what it is. Sigma team has a formula which it uses, and has thoroughly mastered: Make shooting 1 alien feel very satisfying, then add as many enemies falling into the body count as your brain can process. If Diablo is too deep and complicated for what your looking for at the moment, you can't go wrong here.… Expand
Dec 11, 2012I got this "Shooter" quadrilogy on special for 5bux a while ago and this game is the best of them. There's loads of character customization with room for multiple playthroughs depending on how you build your BALD. Chock full of old-school gameplay, bad dialogue, the worse voice acting since sega CD, the fun of this game comes from chewing through waves of cannon fodder with bigger and more ridiculous weaponry. Generic and forgettable.… Expand


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8 Stretches To Keep You Limber (and Sane) During Holiday TravelThere's no two ways about it, holiday travel is about
2014 Holiday Gift Guide: Slick Buys for the Men in Your LifeThe men in our life: So important, yet for some
2014 Holiday Gift Guide: Under-$25 DelightsA great gift should have absolutely nothing to due with
Carrie Underwood's No-Fail Workout
and Diet Favorites
"I love eating and talking about food. I've been a vegetarian for seven years. But after seeing a friend who looked amazing and had recently gone vegan, I thought, What's holding me back?"
"Now I'm 95 percent vegan. Sometimes you're at a birthday party and there's cake and...you know, you can't resist. My veganism is based on a concern about where my food is coming from. In my perfect world, I'd have webcams wherever food is processed so I'd know how clean it is."
"I'll never eat meat again, because I look and feel better without it, but if I could raise my own cows and chickens and produce my own eggs and cheese, it would be awesome! The food would taste better, because the animals would be happy."


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Join us and senior finance professionals at the upcoming Regulatory Executive Forum.
This two-day event is the premier forum for decision makers from official sector wealth, reserves and savings funds to examine the implications of current market stresses on investment strategy, risk management and market engagement.
Don't miss this unique opportunity to learn from and network with the most
active and experienced Chinese and foreign cross-border private equity firms.
Attending this course will provide you with a strong foundation in which to
enhance your capabilities and develop your base knowledge in dealing in private
equity in China.
The outlook for the Australasian market is positive as a record number of IPO exits have provided strong returns for investors and has proven that PE can outperform listed equities and compete with global divestment figures. Fundraising in terms of dollar value has been high but the number of PE funds successfully raising new commitments has declined as investors flock to the best in class.
The flagship National Asset-Liability Management conference takes place in London on 13 & 14 March 2014. This is a must-attend event for decision makers from central banks, sovereign investors, state pension funds and treasuries to come together and discuss the latest industry challenges and conditions. This year's conference will be split into three themes; Current market challenges in reserve management; managing asset allocation decisions in response to monetary policy changes; efficient risk management strategies in an uncertain market.
Following on from the great success of the 2013 event, unquote" are delighted to be holding the CEE Private Equity Forum in Warsaw again in 2014 on Tuesday 8 April.
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All New Underwater Housing Fleet for Rent – Plus New Sound BlimpsBL News Gear Talk
BorrowLenses.com has received a whole new fleet of underwater housing units and brand new sound blimps from AquaTech! Underwater housing units allow you to shoot photos and video up to 33′ under water while the sound blimps reduce shutter sounds by up to 90%. So whether you're doing ethereal, watery fashion shoots, capturing athletes in strong surf, or being as inconspicuous as possible at a special event, we'll have you (and your gear) covered with AquaTech. (more…)


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August Alsina might have thought he was ready to go back to work after collapsing onstage and falling into a three-day coma last month, but ...Read More
Wiz Khalifa Leaves The Club With A New Girl
Now that Wiz Khalifa and Amber Rose's marriage has dissolved they are officially back on the market. Amber was recently spotted leaving the club with ...Read More
Check Out the Lyric Video For Kendrick Lamar's "i"
After what seemed like a long lull in solo music, Kendrick Lamar kicked off the campaign for his sophomore major label project with the well-received ...Read More
Waka Flocka Flame "Lifestyle (Remix)"
Though he might have some legal issues on his hands after recently being arrested for packing a gun in the airport, Waka Flock Flame decides ...Read More
Bobby Shmurda Performs "Hot N-gga" On The Tonight Show
\ Shmurda season continues to heat up as the hot one himself made his network television debut on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, last night. ...Read More
Childish Gambino's "Telegraph Ave" Video Has A Sick Twist
With new music recently hitting the streets, Childish Gambino is still making noise off tracks from his 2013 album, Because The Internet. Today, Gam drops ...Read More
Watch Migos And Johnny Cinco's "Top Floor" Video
Migos are never short on new material. Today, the Atlanta trio drops the new visual for the track "Top Floor" with fellow A-Town trap rapper, ...Read More
Listen To Childish Gambino's 'KAUAI' EP
There are two parts to every story. After dropping the first half of his new mixtape STN MNT, earlier in the week, Childish Gambino privies ...Read More
Drake Hands Out #HoodGrammys On Instagram
Drake has gone from winning Grammys to choosing categories and picking winners. Well, sort of. Early, this morning, apparently high off recently passing The Beatles ...Read More
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Topic: Save the Earth! - The Incremental - / Welcome to the forum!
What a good news. A new version for friday :D woohoo. Im trying to catch up on the TV Series Sons of Anarchy and im killing those bastard Aliens at the same time. So i guess, my hand will hurt baddly on saturday morning :P Btw, big thanks to you for that game. I dont know why but, so far, for me, it is the my most addictive Idle game i played on Kong and i played maybe all of them on kong heheh. So very nice Job. i wish we could still donate.


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November 29, 2014
MARYVILLE, Tenn. (WVLT) -- The Blount Co. Sheriff's Office said it seized thousands of dollars worth of cash and jewelry following a raid on an Alcoa-based jewelry/ gold-buying store on Tuesday. The shop's owner Danny Dossett Malone was cited for violating the states scrap jewelry laws and could face more charges, Sheriff Berrong added.
Authorities served the warrant at Malone's Jewelry, 332 Gill Street, after receiving several reports that it wasn't asking for identification when buying scrap jewelry or supplying transaction information to officials.
State law requires businesses that purchase scrap jewelry to register with local law enforcement. They must also get identification from sellers and wait 20 days before reselling anything they buy. All purchases must be reported to local authorities by noon the next day as well.
The Sheriff's Office said its Criminal Investigation Division followed up on several complaints, which often stemmed from burglary and theft cases.
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Feature stories
Rent a pet and save its life
During the holidays, you might ask for a gift that will help a needy animal and give you an unusual friend.http://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_296h/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2014/11/11/KidsPost/Images/chicken.jpg 222 296
Chilly weather is perfect for skating outdoors
Grab your mittens and revisit an old favorite or try out a new rink.http://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_296w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2013/11/24/Local/Images/skating0021385326331.jpg 296 196
Remembering a wall that divided a city
The Berlin Wall, which came down 25 years ago, split the great German city, separating friends and families.http://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_296h/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2014/11/02/Others/Images/2014-11-01/KD-berlin0051414896427.jpg 267 296
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In the kitchen
This month's class: Annandale Terrace third-graders
The kids enjoy playing and watching soccer. They also like pizza, bike-riding and author Jeff Kinney.
In the kitchen
Pumpkin seeds are tasty with cinnamon and sugar
Instead of reaching for another piece of Halloween candy, try this sweet and crunchy snack.
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A showcase of daily weather art illustrations from KidsPost readers.
Fred Bowen's The Score
For the title of NBA's greatest, is it James or Jordan?
When Cavaliers superstar LeBron James plays on Friday, will fans be watching the greatest of all time?
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Seventh book takes middle schoolers to the Mall without Origami Yoda.
For families
Find kid-friendly performances, restaurants and museums to take your parents to!
We want to hear from you! E-mail us with your comments and story suggestions


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In anticipation of Dr. Dre's Detox dropping later this year, SOHH reached out to The Chronic 2001 collaborator Devin the Dude to find out if he will be featured on the long-awaited project.
Devin said he he hopes his contributions make it onto the album.
"I believe the Detox record is going to be very well worth waiting for," Dev told SOHH. "With the upcoming line-up that I heard is gonna be on there, a lot of powerful producers and a lot of very talented artists are on there so it's like fine wine. [laughs] It's like fine wine, man. I'm hoping I get the chance to make the cut but if not, I'll be promoting it just as much as if I was because I appreciate him reaching out to me and having me out there to just give it a shot and see what was going on and he's very excited about it. And everybody pretty much saw that in his eyes and how he moves around and does his thing in the studio and get very creative and get things moving — so yeah, it's gonna be real cool." (SOHH)
Back in 2007, Dev said there were early talks of him being involved on Detox.
"Well actually man, I talked to one of the guys with him, working on the Detox album and [he] asked me if I wanted to be a part of it and to hit them with the details and I was like 'Yeaaaa!,'" he revealed in an interview. (Dubcnn)
The rapper recently recalled working with Dre for 2001's "F*ck You" collaboration.
"When Rap-A-Lot told me that Dre wanted me to come out and work with him I didn't believe it and thought it was a very unfunny joke," Devin remembers. "But it wasn't a joke. Dre called my house and it was the best phone conversation I ever had. He told me how he and Snoop used to listen to the Odd Squad's music on his first Chronic tour. I was speechless! I'm in debt to both Dre and Snoop for reaching out like they did. 'F*ck You' did a lot for me and my rap career. It inspired me to move forward with my career." (Press Release)
Dre recently said his new single with Jay-Z, "Under Pressure," will likely be released this month.
"Yes, hopefully we'll be releasing ['Under Pressure'] in the next two weeks or so," Dre said in an interview referring to his Jay-Z collaboration. "And I'm definitely gonna be putting the album out this year. Finally, you know, and I think everybody is gonna be happy with it. That's it right now. I'm just trying to finish thisrecord, finally get it done, get it out and start promoting it." (CNBC)


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MCC-Maple Woods
Learning Resources Building
First Floor, LR 102
2601 N.E. Barry Road
Kansas City, MO 64156
Phone: 816.604.3011
Fax: 816.437.3484
These noncredit online classes offer flexibility and convenience. Classes run for six weeks, and consist of 12 lessons.
College for Kids
College for Kids offer enrichment opportunities for kids and teens ages 7-14. All classes are designed to develop new interests, teach meaningful skills and excite students about learning. Scroll down to see all the Saturday classes we are offering this Fall or to download a PDF of the schedule click here.
2014 Fall class enrollment is now open. Click here to download the registration form or email email@example.com or call 816.604.3011 with any questions about upcoming programs.
Our accounting system requires a student I.D. number. The last four digits of your Social Security number are used for this purpose. Please have this information available when you enroll. If you are enrolling for a child, you must have their information to enroll.
Instructors are paid from fees collected, so we must guarantee a minimum enrollment to hold a class. If it is necessary for you to withdraw from a class, please contact the Community Education office, 816/604-3011, at least five (5) business days prior to the class start date. You may request a full refund – minus a $5.00 processing fee. No refund will be given for classes canceled less than 5 business days prior to the start of the class.
Get a hands-on, up close look at reactions in action when this cool chemistry day explores mystery substances, chemical bonding, catalysts and even your own invisible ink!Date: November 15, 2014, Postponed to November 22. 2014 Time: 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Age/Grades: 6-12 years/ 1st -6th grade Cost: $65.00 Each child must bring a snack and sack lunch.
Young engineers will have lots to talk about after a full day of building and testing structures out of lots of different materials! They check out pyramids, arches, inflatable beams, test the strength of eggs, and build bridges and sky scrapers. In between, children will have fun playing games and puzzles with shapes and structures.Date: December 6, 2014 Time: 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Age/Grades: 6-12 years/ 1st -6th grade Cost: $65.00 Each child must bring a snack and sack lunch.
Find out how wedges, screws and levers help us in our daily lives. Run through an obstacle course and use teamwork to show how useful simple machines can be. Students will be introduced to the concepts of simple machines; the wheel and axle, pulleys, levers, wedges, inclined planes, screws, and pulleys. They will discover the three classes of levers, the use of the fulcrum and investigate the relationship between screws, inclined planes and the forces of balance, gravity and friction. Students will observe the awesome power of pneumatics and hydraulics, participate in a pincher relay, experiment with pulley systems, investigate the force of friction, and construct their own mega-pinchers, micro-pinchers and a miniature catapult to take home. They will see how combining simple machines they can create very complex machines such as robots.Date: December 13, 2014 Time: 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Age/Grades: 6-12 years/ 1st -6th grade Cost: $65.00 Each child must bring a snack and sack lunch.
Students will learn painting techniques as we do a step by step painting on canvas. We will be covering the elements and principals of design, studying specifically line, shape, color, monochromatic, complementary colors, balance and composition. Students will learn brush handling skill, along with painting techniques. All students will leave with a canvas painting masterpiece. Class taught by Angie Carmack, Art teacher in the Kearney R-1 district.Date: November 15, 2014 Or Date: December 6, 2014 Time: 9-11:30 a.m. Time: 9-11:30 a.m. Ages: 8-10 Ages: 8-14 Cost: $35.00 includes materials Cost: $35.00 includes materials
Students will be working with Lego Robotic kits and learning basic computer animation techniques. During each class, students will be programming animation sequences and building Lego models with sensors that interact with their computer animation programs. Will your video game activate your Lego creation and make it move or make sounds?? Students will be working in pairs, so enroll with a friend or make a new friend in class.
November 22, 2014
Time: 9am - 3:30pm
Ages: 8-12
Cost: $100.00