text: WILLIAM Z. BLACK, Ph.D., P.E. Regents' Professor George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia William Z. Black is a Regents' Professor and Georgia Power Distinguished Professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech. He received his BS and MS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois and his Ph.D. from Purdue University. He has been a member of the faculty in Mechanical Engineering since 1967. He is a former associate director of the ME graduate program and he has twice received the Georgia Tech Outstanding Teacher Award. He is the author of over 60 technical publications in the Transactions of ASME and IEEE and he is the co-author of three undergraduate engineering books. In 1989, ASEE awarded Dr. Black the Ralph Coats Roe Medal which recognizes outstanding professional contributions in Mechanical Engineering. He also received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Illinois in 1989 and he is a Fellow of ASME and IEEE. Dr. Black has conducted research in the area of heat transfer from electronic and electrical equipment for the past 30 years. Sponsors include private industry, governmental agencies and major research laboratories. He has also been a consultant to numerous industrial companies, law firms, and government agencies. LECTURE TOPIC: HVAC Design and Its Relationship to Fire Litigation In today's atmosphere in which most serious accidents result in some form of litigation, engineers must design and build structures with the utmost care and concern for the safety of all occupants. In the event of a fire, occupant safety involves consideration of not only obvious systems such as the sprinkler and fire alarm systems, but also consideration of the HVAC design, HVAC operation and selection of the building contents. Since most loss of life in a fire results from smoke inhalation rather than burns, the designer and builder of a structure must be aware of how their participation in the building will affect the safety of the occupants who utilize their building. This talk will focus on the influence of building design and construction on the development and movement of smoke when a fire occurs in a building. Examples will be taken from several major fires including the MGM Grand Hotel fire in Las Vegas, the DuPont Plaza Hotel fire in San Juan and the Cathedral Hill Hotel fire in San Francisco. The litigation that evolved from these fires will be used to suggest ways that engineers can minimize the impact of fire litigation if it should occur. 02-07-01 RICHARD A. CHARLES, P.E. Principal Charles & Braun, Consulting Engineers San Francisco, CA Richard A. Charles, P.E., is a Principal of Charles & Braun, Consulting Engineers, in San Francisco, California. During his more than 45 years of engineering work, Mr. Charles has been responsible for or supervised the design of nearly 4,000 projects, including a complete college campus, shopping centers, condominium complexes, boiler plants, hospitals, office buildings, and virtually every type of structure requiring environmental control. Mr. Charles' interest in energy management predated the dramatic increases in energy costs of the 1970s. Instead, he focused on the efficient operation of HVAC equipment. In 1965, he became a charter member and officer of Automated Procedures for Engineering Consultants, which developed software programs for mechanical and electrical engineers. He was also Region X's Vice Chair for energy management, was ASHRAE's representative to the California Energy Commission, judged ASHRAE Energy Awards, and sat on the committee which drafted ASHRAE's Energy Policy in the 1980s. Mr. Charles has served the Society well in a variety of capacities since 1962. He was President of ASHRAE's Golden Gate Chapter in 1974-75. In addition, he served on the ASHRAE Board of Directors from 1988-93, culminating with the Presidency in 1992-93. Mr. Charles is an ASHRAE Fellow, and he has received the Society's Distinguished Service Award and the Exceptional Service Award LECTURE TOPICS: ASHRAE: Past, Present, Future and You Mr. Charles is a registered professional mechanical engineer in the state of California and has over 45 years of experience in the HVAC industry. As Past President of ASHRAE, Mr. Charles is well qualified to speak about ASHRAE and the benefits to the design professional as well as ASHRAE's technology legacy to our industry through its on going research. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)-Simple Solutions To Complex Concerns Mr. Charles will speak about past experiences with IAQ problems in buildings, which ended with simple solutions. He will present the latest information on Standard 62-1989, "Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ" revisions. The revised Position Statement and Position Paper on legionellosis will be presented along with the latest information on GPC 12P, Minimizing the Risk of Legionellosis Associated with Building Water Systems. ASHRAE Standard 62 The lecture covers the beginning of Standard 62, showing changes that have taken place to date and where we are headed in the future, including discussions on continuous maintenance of the standard and the latest amendments which have been approved. Practical Design, Operation and Maintenance of Mechanical Systems in Office Buildings This lecture covers the key elements necessary to design, operate and maintain mechanical systems in office buildings, including discussions on commissioning. 02-07-01 WILLIAM J. COAD, P.E. McClure Engineering Associates St. Louis, MO William J. Coad is a principal and immediate past Chairman and CEO of McClure Engineering Associates, a mechanical and electrical consulting engineering firm. He has been with the company for forty years engaged in the design and analysis of all aspects of building systems and as a principal of the company. He is also on the Board of Directors of Mestek Corporation of Pittsburgh and of Exergen Corporation of Boston. He was an affiliate professor of mechanical engineering at Washington University teaching graduate level courses in HVAC systems for 29 years, and was the 2001-02 President of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Mr. Coad has authored two books and over one hundred articles and papers on various aspects of building systems and energy engineering. He and his firm have been pioneers in the development of computer programs for building energy analysis, cogeneration systems, well water source heat pumps, one-pipe chilled water systems, and variable flow chilled water systems. He has been active in technical, professional, and civic organizations and has received numerous awards for his technical contributions, including ASHRAE's highest award for technical achievement, the F. Paul Anderson Award. LECTURE TOPICS: VAV System Design: Problems and Opportunities This talk explains the history and the physical principals of VAV systems. After exploring the genesis of the concept, the evaluation of state-of-the-art systems is presented from a critical perspective. Through an analysis of the deficiencies in the performance and economic parameters, concepts of systems based upon elementary thermodynamics and fluid theory coupled with decreased complexity will be presented. Air Conditioning Systems for Improved Comfort and Air Quality Indoor air quality is of increasing concern as society redefines the needs of the indoor environment. This talk presents a new perspective on the topic, starting with the fundamental dynamics of psychrometric instability and its affect upon the controlled environment. System directed solutions will be presented which reflect a significant departure from existing design practices. A Fundamental Perspective on Chilled Water Systems With chilled water systems, as with most other engineered energy systems, the parameters of performance and energy efficiency are totally synergistic. However, as these systems have grown in size they seemed to have grown in complexity and performance problems resulting therefrom have led to numerous publications and papers on how to fix the problems. This talk examines the fundamental objective and physics relating to chilled water system design and suggests design guidelines for all practitioners from entry level engineers to experienced professionals. The Ethics and the Economics of Energy Conservation This talk explores the economics of energy conservation and the failure of economic alternatives in the search for more energy conservative buildings and machines. Then, based upon this observation an alternative perspective leads to the conclusion that energy conservation is an ethic, and if this ethic is embraced by those who practice in the energy sciences, the inevitable result will be improved system performance, energy conservation and economics. 02-07-01 DONALD G. COLLIVER, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Donald G. Colliver is an Associate Professor in the Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY. He has conducted extensive research in energy usage in residences, air infiltration and ventilation, and the analysis of climatological data for determination of design weather conditions. Much of the weather data research has been done in support of research projects determining the short-term extreme periods of temperature and humidity and also in developing the tables of design weather conditions in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. He has authored over 125 papers and articles, numerous Handbook chapters and developed several weather analysis design tools that use historical data on CD-ROMs. Active in ASHRAE, Dr. Colliver has served as President of the Bluegrass Chapter and will be serving as ASHRAE President in 2002-03. He has served on the Society Board of Directors and the Board Executive Committee as President-Elect, Treasurer, Vice President and as a Director-at-Large. He was a trustee for the ASHRAE Learning Institute, and has served as chair of several committees and councils including the Finance Committee, the Board Subcommittee on Standards Development, Regions Council, Education Council, Technology Council, the Standards Committee, President-Elect Advisory Committee, and several technical committees. He has served on numerous other committees including the ASHRAE Program Committee, CIBSE/ASHRAE Joint Conference Committees and several technical committees and standard project committees. Dr. Colliver has received the Distinguished Service Award and Journal Paper Award in 2000. Dr. Colliver is a Registered Professional Engineer in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and is an ASHRAE Fellow. He is a graduate of the University of Kentucky and received his Ph.D. from Purdue University. LECTURE TOPIC: Advances in Design Weather Conditions and Tools The outdoor weather conditions greatly impact the design and energy usage of buildings and equipment. There have been many recent additions to the design weather values in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. These multiple design conditions for a particular location have significant implications for the system designer. The topics to be covered in this presentation include a discussion of the new design information and how it impacts designers of air systems, heating systems, cooling systems, and dehumidification systems. Additional topics include an overview and demonstration of the different ASHRAE CD-ROMs containing weather tools and a discussion of the differences in data needed for annual energy estimation versus that needed for equipment selection of building design. 01-07-01 J. E. COX, Ph.D., P.E. Consultant 4311 North 15th Street Arlington, VA 22207-3126 Jim Cox served as the Society's Director of Government Affairs until Fall 2000, when he continued as Senior Policy Advisor for ASHRAE's Washington Office through June 2001. He has also been a Contributing Editor to the ASHRAE Journal. He is a native Texan, educated as a mechanical engineer in Texas and in Oklahoma. Jim is a licensed Professional Engineer. Prior to joining ASHRAE staff in 1981, he was Professor of Mechanical Engineering at a large state university. His technical specialties are in the fields of thermodynamics and heat transfer, where he taught graduate and undergraduate courses and conducted research. He has some 30 technical and professional publications, and since January 1982, has published more than 200 monthly articles for ASHRAE on government and related technical issues. In July 2000, he initiated the bimonthly "Issue Snapshot" for the ASHRAE web page. Jim brings a background of having participated in all the responsibilities of the Society's Washington Office which includes maintaining channels of communications with both the executive and legislative branches of the federal government. Liaison with the Washington offices of related industries, trade associations and other technical and professional organizations was an important part of monitoring issues. LECTURE TOPIC: Technical Issues Impacting HVAC&R Technical problems become issues when there is government involvement or anticipated governmental activity. Environmental concerns are the principle driving forces on many of those issues affecting the HVAC&R industry - whether it be issues surrounding many of today's refrigerants, energy conservation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or indoor air pollution concerns. On ozone depletion issue, there have been no recent changes to the provisions of the Montreal Protocol, although implementation of the terms of these agreements continues. The U.S. remains below the current allowable HCFC "cap." Climate change is a rapidly developing global issue. The scientific understanding of the global-warming phenomena is advancing. The international community has initiated the first binding agreement, the Kyoto Protocol. Since HFCs are identified as a targeted greenhouse gas, some countries are seeking policies limiting the future of HFCs. Refrigerants available for the long-term future will be affected by how these global environmental concerns are addressed. An update will be provided on the status of the international agreements, and the processes for implementing policies in the HVAC&R industry. Renewed interest in energy conservation will be an important component in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Department of Energy is publishing findings from numerous studies on energy consumption of buildings, building systems and system components. The purpose of these studies is to identify opportunities for additional energy savings. Even though indoor air quality problems exist, the issue has not resulted in many actions by legislative and regulatory bodies, although proposals have emerged through the years. Individual issues generate their own momentum and sequence of events. The importance of specific issues may rise or fall with the calendar. Topics discussed will reflect the current areas of activity. 02-07-01 JAMES CHRISTOPHER EDMONDSON President James M. Pleasants Company, Inc. Greensboro, NC Chris Edmondson received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina State University in 1967. During the summers, he worked at Barber Coleman and Jay Johnson Controls. After graduation, he spent four and a half years as a salesman with the Trane Company. In 1971, he came to work for the James M. Pleasants Company, Inc. (Manufacturer's Representative for the ITT Fluid Handling Division). He worked as an outside salesman until 1978, when he was promoted to Vice President and Sales Manager until 1987. Since 1987 to the present time, he has served as President of the James M. Pleasants Company, Inc. Mr. Edmondson has served many years in the ASHRAE organization, holding positions such as Secretary/Treasurer, Vice President and President of the North Piedmont Chapter. For the fiscal year 1985-86, he received the Rudy Ferguson Memorial Award (Presidential Award of Excellence). In 1985, he became a technical speaker to various ASHRAE chapters which continued through 1989. He spoke at ASHRAE's Region VII CRC in 1992 and also at Birmingham's Region VII CRC as a technical speaker. He also held the position of Educational Activities Vice Chair for Region IV from 1992-1994. In 1998- 2000, he was Region IV ARC. He is currently Region IV DRC. During 1980-1990, he has presented papers to various engineers on the following subjects during seminars he also presented: Basic Primary/Secondary Variable Volume Pumping Chiller Piping Air Control Plumbing Piping Systems His principal areas of interest are energy savings, primary/secondary variable volume systems, heat transfer, hydronic systems, plumbing piping systems and control chilled water plant design. LECTURE TOPICS: A Review of Primary Secondary Systems A history of primary secondary systems and a basic review of the principals involved will be discussed. Typical applications for chilled water, hot water and chillers will be reviewed. The Primary Secondary versus Variable Primary Debate A basic review of both systems will be discussed. A comparison of the two with pros and cons will be presented. A comparison of the two in chiller applications will be presented. Cooling Tower and Condenser Piping A basic review of multiple cooling tower and condenser water piping requirements with special emphasis on the required flow rates and sequencing of the major components. An Introduction to Ice Storage Systems With energy deregulation, there is an increasing awareness of alternate systems to decrease energy cost. This is a basic introduction to the ice storage system and their potential impact of providing chilled water to HVAC systems with reduced energy cost. Manual versus Automatic Balance of Hydronic Systems The pros and cons of manual versus automatic balance is discussed and evaluated. There are applications and needs for both types of systems. This talk will review the issues involved. 02-07-01 MARALYNNE FLEHNER, ESQ. Attorney at Law King of Prussia, PA Maralynne Flehner is a litigating attorney with more than 20 years experience representing corporate and individual clients in state and federal courts and in arbitration proceedings. During the course of her professional career, Ms. Flehner served as senior law clerk to a federal district court judge, as a member of the litigation department of a large Wall Street law firm, and as the principal of her own law firm. Now retired from the active practice of law, she continues to represent private litigation clients, serves as an arbitrator and chairperson for the National Association of Securities Dealers, and writes articles for HVAC industry publications. She is a member of ASHRAE and the Chair of ASHRAE's Task Group on General Legal Education. Ms. Flehner received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, with high honors, from the University of Massachusetts, and a Juris Doctor degree, with high honors, from St. John's University School of Law in New York. She graduated first in her class in law school and is the recipient of numerous awards. Ms Flehner is admitted to practice in the state and federal courts of New York and Pennsylvania, and in the United States Supreme Court. LECTURE TOPIC: The ASHRAE Member's Survival Guide This general legal education program focuses on legal and non-legal steps that ASHRAE members can take to avoid being sued, and to limit their exposure if they are sued. The first segment of the program identifies many of the risks that ASHRAE members face (including risks arising out of plans and specifications, cost estimates, site visits, environmental hazards, project delays, changed conditions, and lawsuits), and discusses how members can avoid and limit these risks through the use of contract terms. The program also identifies provisions commonly contained in client generated agreements that should be carefully avoided. The second segment of the program concentrates on non-legal skills and techniques that can help members avoid litigation. This portion of program discusses problem solving; how to determine when a problem is escalating into a dispute; what to do if you find yourself with a full blown dispute on your hands; when to settle; and how to conduct effective settlement negotiations. The final segment of the program focuses on the kinds of documents members should always maintain, and the kinds of documents they should never generate; briefly describes what members can expect in litigation; and concludes with tips on how to survive the stress of a lawsuit. 02-07-01 DONALD P. GATLEY, P.E. Gatley & Associates, Inc. Atlanta, GA Donald P. Gatley is a 1954 Mechanical Engineering graduate of Vanderbilt University, an ASHRAE Fellow and a Professional Engineer (registered in 21 states when active). His career includes 13 years with the Trane Company, 8 years in design/build mechanical contracting, and 24 years in the practice of consulting engineering. He has served a Chair of Georgia's Building Energy Code Committee, as President of the Southface Energy Institute, and as a consultant to the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and its Thermal Storage Applications Research Center (TSARC). He is known for his work in the prevention and correction of building moisture problems, energy conservation in all types of buildings and his hotel experience. He is a recipient of the ASHRAE Distinguished Service Award and two ASHRAE International Energy Awards. Mr. Gatley is the author of the Psychrometrics Handbook 2001, the EPRI Cool Storage Open Hydronic Systems Design Guide (1995), the EPRI Cool Storage Ethylene Glycol Design Guide (1992), co-author of the Mold and Mildew Handbook published by American Hotel and Motel Association (1991), and the book Moisture and Mildew Control (1992). He has written over thirty articles on subjects ranging from central drinking water systems, the control of DX cooling coils, life cycle costing of central chilled water plants, effective air side design, gas phase filtration of exhaust air, thermal storage systems, quieting residential systems, moisture control in the home, and enhanced dehumidification systems. He has been involved in the correction of wall moisture problems in over twenty buildings since 1978. LECTURE TOPICS: (NOTE: The first topic is a meeting presentation; the second topic is a 4-5 hour educational seminar) Fun with the Invisible Substance Water Vapour – Myths, Puzzles and Fundamentals for a Lifetime (Several puzzles deal with surface mold and mold behind vinyl wall covering) This 45-minute talk is structured for any combination of ASHRAE members, spouses, architects, home builders and residential air conditioning contractors. "Fun" implies that the talk involves the audience with the moisture myths and puzzles each of us encounter in our homes and buildings. Most of the audience will leave with a far better understanding of the elusive substance called water vapour or humidity. Since moisture is the single controllable variable in preventing mold, three of the "puzzles" will provide practical and positive means of avoiding mold. Skeptics may leave with doubts, but they may think twice the next time they encounter a humidity problem or moisture mystery and consider a technique based on a myth as a solution. Water vapour makes no distinction between your home or a commercial-industrial building and many of the solutions are presented in terms of your home and its IAQ – topics that effect the long-term health of your spouse and children. Psychrometrics – From Forgotten Fundamentals to Practical Application This four-hour course is structured as a chapter educational seminar. It requires one or two breaks and thus the total length is approximately five hours. This course does not overlap the 45 minute talk and for economy could be presented on the same day as the 45 minute talk. Attendees should leave with a lifetime understanding of underlying fundamentals (which are rarely taught); full knowledge of the equations used in psychrometrics, accuracy and limits of the equations, accuracy limits (and hidden assumptions) of the constants used in simplified air quantity and other HVAC equations; all psychrometric processes; FAQs and error avoidance. Course material is the 317 page Psychrometric Handbook. A beta test of this course was used by the Atlanta Chapter with proceeds to the chapter's annual contribution to ASHRAE research. The instructor's fee, other than the cost of the handbooks, is waived provided that the proceeds go to the sponsoring chapter's research contribution. Handbooks ($89 per attendee) for the course are provided to the sponsoring chapter at a 15% discount ($75 chapter cost). Suggested attendee fee for this course is in the range of $195 to $295+ with net proceeds to the chapter. Course outline is available by contacting the author. It is suggested that this course be underwritten by guaranteed attendance commitments from local and regional consulting engineers, design build-contractors, manufacturers, etc. Because of the cost and time commitment, this course is probably not attractive to members of a local student chapter. It may be attractive to those students and graduate students committed to a career in air conditioning, meteorology, drying, dehumidification and some agricultural engineering students. It is suggested that individual local chapter members underwrite expenses for students wishing to attend. 02-07-01 VICTOR W. GOLDSCHMIDT, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, Purdue University School of Mechanical Engineering Current Address: "SummerSet", Northport, MI Victor W. Goldschmidt, Emeritus Mechanical Engineering Professor, served at Purdue University from 1964 through 2000. He is currently engaged with "Dynamic Creativity" as a facilitator and engineering consultant. During his 34 years at Purdue University, Mr. Goldschmidt was responsible for educating mechanical engineering students, including the direction of graduate research in the HVAC area. Most of his service with graduate students was with the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories with heavy support from the HVAC industries. During early stages of his career, he served as Director of the Engineering Purdue Fellows in Latin America; during later stages he served as department head for Freshman Engineering. Prior to his academic involvement, he worked in Applications Engineering and Development Engineering with Honeywell. Mr. Goldschmidt has taught most every course in thermal sciences offered at Purdue, as well as a special upper level technical course on the "Creative Process in Engineering." He is trained as a Synectics (special brainstorming) facilitator and currently engaged in the development of strategic plans and problem solving sessions. A past ASHRAE Director-at-Large, he currently serves a member of Technology Council, on the ASHRAE Board Planning Committee, and on the Nomination Committee. He is an ASHRAE Distinguished Service Award recipient and Fellow, as well as Honorary Member of IIR, ACAIRE and AAF. He resides in North Michigan, above Traverse City. LECTURE TOPICS: Air Conditioning: A look Into the Past and a Guess Into the Future Starting with a brief historical review, and some of the trends in research, predictions are made as to what the future might be in air conditioning for human comfort. The presentation could be considered "technically entertaining." Suggesting the fallacies of predictions, it shows the historical delays from defining a concept to the marketing of an actual product. The implications to our industry are noted as well. Thirty Years of Research in HVAC&R An overview is given of thirty years of research conducted by students under the speaker's tutelage. Major successes and failures are pointed out. The dynamics of effective industry-sponsored research in academic institutions are noted, challenging some of the current paradigms. The presentation will identify those areas where further research could be needed, and also suggest some where research should not be a high priority. Releasing Individuals' Own Creativity Growth requires change; change is aided by new ideas; and new ideas require creativity. The potential to be creative is within all of us. The lecture is intended as a means for individuals to attempt to realize their own potential to be creative. Theories of creativity, blocks to creativity, and exercises to develop creativity are presented. Examples of engineering students awakening their creativity will be presented. These will be from a decade of facilitating a course on engineering creativity. To the extent possible, the lecture will include some audience participation. Differing Perspectives Into Ozone Depletion and Global Warming This lecture is intended to provide a different perspective to the usual formal presentation on these topics. It was the consequence of attempting to analyze the available data to demonstrate the reality of ozone depletion and global warming. Unfortunately, the analysis led to the conclusion that the only reality is in the uncertainties in these areas. Data demonstrating the ozone depletion and global warming trends are summarized and the common understanding of terminology such as ODP and GWP is presented. The lecture ends with a listing of assumptions and aspects of the data that could raise questions as to the validity of the implied trends. Active Listening and Styles of Communication Role playing by the audience will assist in visualizing aspects of adverse responses. This will set the stage to define and exercise active listening techniques. Active or empathetic listening is essential to effective communication and group dynamics. Principles of Leadership and Group Dynamics Effective leadership is essential in ASHRAE committee work. The distinctions between management and leadership are brought forth, together with major concepts defining effective leadership. Concepts of group dynamics, including non-verbal communication styles are also presented. 02-07-01 GUY W. GUPTON, JR., P.E., CCS Consulting Engineer Gupton Engineering Associates, Inc. Livingston, MT Guy Gupton currently is semi-retired, consulting on previously designed projects and on new projects for large aircraft corrosion control facilities and writing books on building systems operation and maintenance. He attended Georgia Military College for his freshman year and then enrolled in Georgia Institute of Technology to major in Mechanical Engineering. He enlisted in the U.S Air Corps Enlisted Reserves and was assigned to the Army Specialized Training Reserve Program at the University of Florida. After an accident while training as an Aviation Cadet, he was discharged from the Air Corps in 1945 and went to work in the HVAC&R industry learning to design ammonia refrigeration systems. After working for contractors for three years in the field, he began work in consulting engineering, doing what he liked to do most -- design with oversight of construction. In 1977, he began teaching HVAC&R related courses part-time in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. By 1983, his classes had increased from 15 students to more than 75 students. His areas of expertise include building systems in general with a great deal of experience in horizontal laminar flow ventilation of large aircraft paint facilities. He joined ASRE in 1954 and ASHVE in 1956. He has served on standing committees of ASHRAE as well as on TCs. LECTURE TOPIC: I Learned About HVAC&R From That This talk is a collection of recollections of the problems found in building systems construction and operation, with a summary of lessons learned from each. Lecture topics may be selected from a list which includes about 30 topics each, requiring about five to seven minutes to discuss. The topics are written in a somewhat humorous vein and make the program suitable for presentation during lunch. The subjects range from failure of engineers to observe proper testing procedures, failure of the contractor to keep a copy of the Project Manual in the field, test and balance agency misdeeds during the early days of T&B, failure of building operation and service technicians to follow proper operating procedures, and problems with pneumatic control system air piping. 02-07-01 RICHARD B. HAYTER, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Dean of Engineering For External Affairs Kansas State University Manhattan, KS Dr. Richard B. Hayter was the 1995/96 President of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. He is a member of the ASHRAE Nominating Committee, Resource Development Committee, Board Policy Committee on Standards, and serves on the Board of Trustees of the ASHRAE Foundation and the ASHRAE Learning Institute. His ASHRAE awards include the Distinguished Service Award, the Region IX Hall of Honor, the Ralph G. Nevins Award for Physiology and Human Environment, the John F. James Award for International Activities, and the ASHRAE-Alco Medal for Distinguished Public Service. He is an ASHRAE Fellow. Professor Hayter is Associate Dean of Engineering for External Affairs at Kansas State University. A licensed professional engineer, he received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from South Dakota State University; and his M.S. and Ph.D. from Kansas State University. Prior to his present position, he served in the U.S. Air Force and was executive vice president of an engineering consulting firm specializing in energy management in commercial and industrial buildings. LECTURE TOPICS: Technical Communications for the Practicing Professional Practicing engineers and technologists have a solid foundation of technical skills as a result of their academic education and job experiences. However their ability to communicate this knowledge to their peers, clients, employers, general public and even politicians is critical to their success as professionals. The importance of communication skills, including listening, and techniques for conveying a technical message regardless of the audience will be presented. Engineering Your Future It is important that engineers and technologists are as deliberate about engineering their career as they are in engineering building systems and equipment. Active participation in technical societies such as ASHRAE helps in this design process. You will learn about specific opportunities for professional growth through ASHRAE involvement and how that participation will contribute toward the engineering of your future. Designing for Comfort "Thermal Comfort: That condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment." Fortunately, there is more guidance that ASHRAE provides in the design of environmental control systems than merely a definition. ASHRAE and others have conducted extensive research to determine conditions necessary to maintain thermal comfort. Within these conditions, engineers have considerable latitude in the design of their systems. It is critical that engineers understand the variables affecting comfort, the interaction of these variables and how they can be incorporated in system design to maintain comfort at the least energy expense. The Energy Design Process for High Performance Buildings NOTE: (Primarily suitable for technical session of approximately 15 minutes) Successfully designing, constructing and operating high-performance buildings requires a team approach from the very inception of the design process. Ideally the team would include the building owner and operator, building designers, equipment suppliers and contractors. Regardless of the composition of the team, the design process is critical. This presentation will give details of a process that focuses on energy efficiency. Actual high-performance buildings which have been designed using the suggested process will be shown as examples. The Future of the HVAC&R Industry Our industry has had a profound effect on humanity throughout the globe. Occupants in our buildings are more comfortable, healthier and productive. Food can be transported throughout the world and industrial processes have been made possible because of our technology. These improvements have been brought on by both advances in technology, market changes, societal concerns for our environment and political decisions. Regardless of the reasons for this change, we must be prepared to direct those changes for the betterment of our clients and our industry. This presentation will discuss new advances in technology, market trends and global standards affecting the use of our systems and equipment and how you can have a positive effect on the future of our industry. 02-07-01 DAN INT-HOUT III Chief Engineer Krueger Richardson, TX Mr. Dan Int-Hout, Chief Engineer, Krueger, is responsible for the presentation of technical data and advanced application engineering for the Grilles, Registers and Diffusers, as well as the VAV air terminals, produced by Krueger. Mr. Int-Hout originally joined Krueger in 1981, but has had several other jobs in the industry, including Owens Corning Fiberglas, Carrier, Titus and Environmental Technologies, in engineering, marketing and product research roles. Mr. Int-Hout has been in the air distribution research and design business since 1973, has a Masters degree in Business Management from Central Michigan University, and a Bachelors degree in Biology and Physics from Denison University. Mr. Int-Hout has written over 30 technical papers and articles on VAV system performance, acoustics, air diffusion, controls and occupant comfort. He was recently Chairman of both ASHRAE Technical and Standards Committees on Thermal Comfort, is a past Chairman of several other related ASHRAE Technical and Standards Committees, as well as ASHRAE Standards and Environmental Health Committees. He received the ASHRAE Distinguished Service Award in 1993. He is currently the Chairman of the ARI Committee on Applied Acoustics (885) and Chair of ISO 205 U.S. Panel on Thermal Comfort. He is presently a member of the ASHRAE Technical Activities Committee (TAC). LECTURE TOPICS: Designing for Occupant Acceptance In order to meet the increased expectations of building occupants, designers must be aware of the conflicts between cost economics, occupant productivity and life cycle costs. Buildings that do not meet the needs of the occupants often result in expensive redesign, or worse, result in lawsuits against all parties involved. Recent court cases make it imperative designers understand the changing 'rules' of the road. Subjects: 1. Air Distribution: Selecting components and system parameters for effective air mixing 2. Thermal Comfort: Determining optimum occupant comfort strategies 3. Acoustics: Accurately predicting end use environments 4. IAQ: The changing face of ASHRAE Standard 62, and upcoming developments Avoiding Sick Buildings While Assuring Occupant Productivity and Building Optimization In order to meet the increased expectations of building occupants, designers must be aware of the conflicts between cost economics, occupant productivity and life cycle costs. Cost savings measures have resulted in severe building problems, including deaths due to Legionnaire's disease, and often energy consumption increases. Buildings that do not meet the needs of the occupants often result in expensive redesign, or worse, result in lawsuits against all parties involved. Recent court cases make it imperative that designers understand the changing 'rules' of the road. Building owner's need to understand how their building systems work, to avoid creating problems in a tightening economy. Subjects covered: 1. Air Distribution: Selecting components and system parameters for effective air mixing 2. Thermal Comfort: Determining optimum occupant comfort strategies 3. Acoustics: Accurately predicting end use environments 4. IAQ: The changing face of ASHRAE Standard 62, and upcoming developments Selecting VAV for Acceptable IAQ In order to meet the increased expectations of building occupants, designers must be aware of the conflicts between cost economics, occupant productivity and life cycle costs. Buildings that do not meet the needs of the occupants often result in expensive redesign, or worse, result in lawsuits against all parties involved. Recent court cases make it imperative that designers understand the changing 'rules' of the road. Recent Specifications for VAV components are often flawed, and meeting the specification will result in unacceptable spaces, and poor IAQ. With the large number and types of VAV terminals available on the market, we are getting a number of questions regarding the proper selection and interpretation of VAV terminal specifications. This talk will cover proper engineering specifications and designs for this broad product range, with updates on the latest rules and knowledge regarding VAV box type, linings, accessories and air flow limitations. 02-07-01 PROF. ADEL KHALIL, Ph.D. Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering- Cairo University Cairo- Egypt Professor Khalil is currently a professor in Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Cairo University, Egypt. He also worked as a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Nuclear Research Center at Karlsruhe (Germany) and the American University in Cairo- Egypt, and Head of Mechanical Engineering Department U.A.E University, U.A.E. Prof. Khalil received his Ph. D degree in Mechanical Engineering, from the University of Wisconsin, Madison-Wisconsin, M.Sc. and B. Sc. Degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Cairo University. Prof. Khalil is a professor of heat transfer, refrigeration and Air conditioning. Other areas of teaching and research interests include: cryogenics, applied superconductivity, new refrigerant blends, Environmental Engineering and Solar Energy. He directed and participated in several research projects and has numerous publications in the subject of heat transfer and is a Certified Consultant in design and inspection of refrigeration and air conditioning systems in both comfort and industrial applications as well as industrial energy and environmental management systems. Lecture Topics Recent Developments in New and Alternative Refrigerants Factors considered in refrigerant selection, classification of refrigerants, environmental impact of CFCs and HCFCs, Ozone depletion and Global warming, development of new alternative refrigerants and refrigerant blends, thermo-physical properties and performance indices, compatibility with lubricating oils, seals, piping,.. etc. Life cycle cost analysis of equipment conversion vs replacement options- containment, recycling, disposal and alternative systems. Developments in Food Freezing Technology -Heat transfer with phase change- relationship between freezing time and food quality -Conventional freezing methods: air blast freezers, contact freezers, conveyor belt freezing, plate freezers, fluidized beds. -Cryogenic freezing technology (liquid Nitrogen- CO2) -Economics of food freezing Indoor Air Quality Problems in Comfort and Industrial Applications Human comfort and sources of Indoor Air Contamination, Sick Building Syndrome (symptoms and causes), ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Standards, Industrial air quality problems and Standards, Solutions to Comfort and Industrial IAQ Problems, local contaminant removal and energy conservation vs indoor air quality. Future of Solar Cooling and Air Conditioning Global and diffuse solar radiation patterns, solar thermal vs solar electrical systems, absorption Refrigeration systems, desiccant dehumidification systems, desiccant/ evaporative cooling, hybrid and thermal storage systems and life cycle cost analysis. 02-07-01 WAYNE KIRSNER, P.E. Kirsner Consulting Engineering, Inc. Atlanta, GA Wayne Kirsner is the principal of Kirsner Consulting Engineering, Inc. He received his BS in Mechanical Engineering in 1980 and MS in Physics in 1973 from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Mr. Kirsner specializes in forensic investigation of industrial steam accidents and troubleshooting chilled water distribution systems. He is an annual visiting lecturer at the University of Wisconsin's "Boiler Plant Design Seminar" and their "Chilled Water Plants for Central and District Cooling Systems" weeklong seminars. His latest article is "Flooded Manholes and Submerged Steam Lines – The Danger of Nucleate Boiling," which appeared in the first quarter 2002 issue of District Energy Manager. Other published articles by Mr. Kirsner on waterhammer accidents, steam safety, and chilled water design are available at www.kirsner.org. LECTURE TOPICS: Understanding Steam Condensation Induced Waterhammer This is the type of waterhammer that kills people. Its initiating mechanism is much different than the image most engineers have of what causes waterhammer – i.e., fast moving steam picking up a slug of condensate and hurling it downstream against an elbow or a valve. Because it does not require flowing steam, it often occurs during relatively quiescent periods when operators least expect it. Operators and engineers need to understand this type of waterhammer so they can avoid procedures which can initiate it, and designs that are susceptible to it. 3 GPM/TON Condenser Water Flow Wastes Energy, Right? Wrong! Generalizations can be helpful when they are accurate and broadly applicable, but they can also be misleading when they reach too far. One such generalization put forward in the last several years is that the ARI standard of 3 gpm/ton condenser water flow rate for water-cooled chillers is too high. It is suggested, depending on the source, that the optimum condenser water flow rate per ton is actually 2 gpm, 1.5 gpm, or even the minimum flow recommended by the chiller manufacturer. Fortunately, the accuracy and generality of this assertion can easily be tested using simple thermodynamic principles. This talk will look at how the theoretical power requirements of each of the three equipment elements change if the condenser flow rate is reduced from 3 to 2 gpm/ton in an effort to prove, or disprove, the assertion above. The Demise of the Primary-Secondary Pumping Paradigm for Chilled Water Plant Design The problem with the primary-secondary design of chilled water systems is that it cannot deal effectively with "Low Delta Central Plant Syndrome." Low Delta T is the condition whereby anemically low CHR temperature causes excessive chilled water to circulate to meet system cooling loads, and chillers receiving the low CHR temperature cannot be loaded to their design capacity. Virtually every large system suffers from this syndrome to one degree or another. It is especially problematic in primary-secondary systems where excess secondary CHR flows through the crossover-decoupler pipe dilutes the temperature of CHS going out to the system. Mr. Kirsner believes that design engineers need to recognize the epidemic nature of this problem and begin to view it as a design problem, not as a maintenance or operator problem. The Causes of Low Differential Temperature Syndrome in Chilled Water Systems Are all chilled water plants doomed to one day suffer from Low Differential Temperature Syndrome? Is it as inevitable as old age? In previous articles written by Mr. Kirsner on chilled water design for HPAC Magazine, he has advocated that engineers accept the fact that low differential temperature is present in virtually all older central plant chilled water designs and engineers should begin to design chilled water plants that are flexible enough to deal with it if it becomes a problem. Designing for low differential temperature at the central plant generally means abandoning certain sacred cows – like traditional primary-secondary pumping. Those who disagree with this approach argue – "Why put a band-aid on the central plant instead of fixing the problem out in the system, especially in light of the complication the band-aid approach is likely to cause to an otherwise simple central plant design." The crux of the differing views in this debate lies in each side's apprehension of the key issue "How well do we understand what actually causes low differential temperature, and how easy is it to eliminate?" This presentation discusses the underlying causes of low differential temperature so we can begin to understand why it is so widespread, and whether or not it can be eliminated from older systems. 02-07-01 W. BRUCE LONGINO, P.E. Carrier Complete Systems Atlanta, Georgia Bruce Longino is currently Director of Engineering Services for Carrier Complete Systems in Atlanta, Georgia. In this capacity he is a consultant to the Atlanta Engineering community on how to apply various Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning equipment and systems. Mr. Longino graduated from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1972 with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree. After school he was a Consulting Engineer with Southern Engineering Company of Georgia for five years. During this period he designed HVAC and plumbing systems for residential, commercial and institutional facilities. After becoming a Registered Mechanical Engineer Mr. Longino became an Engineering Consultant with Mingledorff's Inc. helping consulting engineers with HVAC system designs. He then became Director of Gas Air Conditioning for Atlanta Gas Light Company. In this capacity he worked with utility leaders, manufacturers and consulting engineers to utilize natural gas to efficiently cool and de-humidify residential, commercial and institutional facilities. During the past 29 years Mr. Longino has conducted hundreds of seminars and written many articles to help train contractors, engineers and owners in the art and science of HVAC system design. LECTURE TOPIC: How to Pre-Condition Outside Air to Ensure Good IAQ ASHRAE Standard 62 – 1989 and now 62 - 1999 has substantially increased the amount of ventilation air requirements in residential, commercial and institutional facilities. This was done to improve IAQ through the dilution of contaminants produced in the occupied space. Unfortunately the increased amount of outside air has in many cases reduced the IAQ. The reason is that in humid climates, standard HVAC equipment is not able to remove the additional moisture. In many cases the moisture build-up in the buildings has caused biological contaminates to breed. This condition has caused illnesses in the building occupants. This talk discusses 18 different ways to pre-condition the outside air before it is released in the occupied zones or into the standard HVAC equipment. Many of these methods control the humidity of this air as well as the temperature. 02-07-01 WILLIAM A. LOTZ, P.E. Consulting Engineer Acton, Maine Mr. Lotz specializes in consulting on moisture and insulation problems in buildings. He has 40+ years experience in building construction; materials technology, and design, and has clients all over North America. Mr. Lotz has published over 250 technical articles in such publications as: ASHRAE Journal, Engineered Systems, RSI, Plant Engineering, Insulation Outlook, ASTM, Engineering News Record and HPAC. Mr. Lotz has a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Miami and is a registered Professional Engineer in eight states. Mr. Lotz has been a member of ASHRAE for more than 40 years, is a Life Member and a Fellow. LECTURE TOPICS: Thermal Insulation Systems in Buildings vs. the HVAC System Unless the thermal envelope (i.e. the insulation-vapor barrier system) is carefully designed and installed it may have a major negative impact on the HVAC system. Airflow through the thermal envelope can reduce the insulation system R-value to near zero. A classic example of this is an acoustical ceiling with insulation batts on top of the tile and a pressure difference across the ceiling. Another example is the HVAC designer using a pressure difference across the thermal envelope in an attempt to control moisture issues. Insulation failure can result in ice dams in northern climates and moisture condensation in hot humid climates and cold climates. I have seen many so-called HVAC failures that were actually insulation system failures. Vapor barriers/retarders are a very important aspect contributing to the performance of the HVAC system. A vapor barrier is not a vapor barrier if it allows air transfer. Moisture Problems in Buildings Moisture problems are the most common problems in buildings. Excessive moisture or uncontrolled moisture is a component of many IAQ problems. It is much less expensive to prevent moisture issues than it is to correct the problems after they occur. The first step in the solution of a moisture failure is external (rain or ground water leakage) or internal (condensation). Many buildings have a combination of both sources. Humidified buildings (residential, commercial and industrial) have unique solutions. Indoor pool buildings and trash-to-energy plans are two types of structures that frequently have condensation stains, rot and corrosion resulting in lawsuits. Buildings in hot-humid climates such as the U.S. Gulf Coast are just as likely to have mold and mildew as in buildings along the Canadian border. Is the HVAC system a part of the problem or a part of the solution? I have seen both. Pipe Insulation Liability on Underground Piping Thermal insulation is quite vulnerable to expensive failure on underground piping. These failures are the result of water entering and destroying the insulation system. The HVAC designer frequently does not have adequate ground water level studies prior to specifying a system. Ground water level (year round) is the single most important issue in choosing an underground insulation/conduit system. Manufactures of insulation systems for underground pipes do not adequately provide design engineers or contractors with the benefit of the many lawsuits that have shown weaknesses in their products and their application. 02-07-01 KENNETH R. LUTHER Manager Engineering Services ITT Fluid Handling Morton Grove, IL Kenneth R. Luther, Manager of Engineering Services of the Fluid Handling Division of ITT Fluid Technology Corporation, Morton Grove, Illinois, is responsible for the engineered products of Fluid Handling, including Packaged Systems, Centrifugal Pumps, and related accessories. Previous to Fluid Handling, Mr. Luther, a civil engineer, was Marketing Manager for the Packaged Systems Group – ITT Bell & Gossett, held management positions with two international variable speed drive manufacturers, and was a consulting engineer for seven years. Mr. Luther is a member of ASHRAE where he is active in TC 1.9 – Electrical Systems (past Chair and currently Standards Subcommittee Chair); TC 6.1 – Hydronic & Steam Heating Equipment & Systems; TC 6.11 – Pumps & Hydronic Piping (currently Chair and Standards Subcommittee Chair); voting member and former Chair of the Mechanical Subcommittee of SSPC 90.1 – Standards Committee on Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings. He is also active in ASPE and ASHE and has spoken at many of their society meetings. Mr. Luther has presented technical papers at ASHRAE, NEBB, ISA, and EPRI Annual Meetings and published papers on numerous aspects of pumping systems in the ASHRAE Journal, Maintenance Technology, Heating Piping and Air Conditioning, Pumps and Systems and the Florida Specifier. LECTURE TOPICS: Chilled Water System Forensics The topic of low return water temperature in chilled water systems is very complex. It can be related to the classic "chicken and the egg" story, which came first? Low return water temperatures do exist in some HVAC systems. Is it because of the type of system design? Is it because of the way the system is designed? Is it because of the equipment selected for the system? Is it because of the way the system is installed? Is it because of the way the system is operated? Is it because of the way the system is maintained? The answer is any one of the above reasons, several of the above reasons, or all of the above reasons. So before we get into the forensics of curing an existing system with low return water temperature, let's review the proper design techniques for modern chilled water system. Proper design, up-front, alleviates the need to treat symptoms later on. Getting the Least Operating Cost Out of Your Pumping System When faced with the task of designing an HVAC pumping system, the engineer has many factors to consider….present load versus future load; pipe corrosion; dual usage; hot water and chilled water; accurate pressure drop data; piping installation; and safety factor, among others. The result is usually the selection of a pump that is over-sized (over-headed) for the application. During this session, we discuss the steps that need to be taken to minimize pump over-sizing; the operational, maintenance and financial impact of pump over-sizing; and what to do with your over-sized pump. Modern HVAC Pumping Systems Moving fluids from the production source to the load and back is a significant portion of the HVAC engineer's design task. No one pumping method is the best for all applications. During this session we review the reasons for utilizing variable volume pumping, discuss design criteria and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the five types of variable volume piping systems: Primary-Secondary Primary-Secondary-Tertiary Primary-Secondary-Tertiary Hybrid Primary-Secondary Zone Primary Variable Speed 02-07-01 STANLEY A. MUMMA, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA Dr. Stanley Mumma is currently a Professor of Architectural Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Prior to joining Penn State in 1984, he was a General Motors Corporation project engineer for 3 years between his undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, and his graduate work at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Since earning his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 1974, under the mentorship of Dr. Will Stoecker, he has also held faculty positions at Ohio State University and Arizona State University. In the first half of his academic career, his research focused principally on solar and alternate energy. Then his interests changed to innovative ways of meeting ASHRAE Standard 62 in an energy efficient fashion. That work has led to his current intense interest in dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS). In the year 2001 alone, he published 14 papers on the subject and that number continues to grow. During his career, he has 71 peer reviewed publications and 57 other publications. Two of those publications were recipients of ASHRAE best paper awards. He has also received ASHRAE's Distinguished Service Award, the E.K. Campbell Award of Merit, and the grade of Fellow. Currently Dr. Mumma is a Board-appointed trustee of the ASHRAE Learning Institute. LECTURE TOPICS: Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) Dr. Mumma will present his view of DOAS, including in depth psychrometric analysis. Then he will discuss why he is convinced engineers are seriously considering them. The reasons are based primarily upon the following six propositions: 1. Ventilation air distribution uncertainty in all air VAV systems. Engineers cannot be sure where the ventilation air, in all air systems, is distributed once brought into the building and mixed with return air at the air-handling unit. Therefore engineers cannot really defend compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62-1999 when using all air VAV systems. 2. Excess OA flow and conditioning required for all air VAV systems. When the multiple spaces equation of ASHRAE Standard 62-1999 is used, generally from 20-70% more outdoor air is required in an effort to assure proper ventilation air distribution in all air systems than is required with a dedicated outdoor air system. 3. VAV box minimum settings must be suprisingly high. Perhaps contrary to current practice, VAV box minimums must reflect both the ventilation requirements of the space and the fraction of ventilation air in the supply air. When the box minimums are properly set to satisfy the ventilation requirements, the potential for considerable terminal reheat becomes an issue. 4. Inability of most all air VAV systems as currently designed to decouple the space sensible and latent loads and to provide adequate environmental safety. This leads to potential IAQ problems and sick-building illnesses, not to mention the terrorist threat. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory estimates that U.S. companies spend as mush as $58 billion annually to cover medical expenses and $200 billion annually in lost productivity as a result of sick-building illnesses. 5. Significant first and operating cost savings can be realized when the DOAS employs total energy recovery as required by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999. This will be contrasted with all- air VAV systems that employ demand controlled ventilation. 6. Ceiling radiant cooling may be the optimum parallel sensible cooling approach to use with the DOAS. Common concerns on condensation, capacity, cost, and comfort will be dismissed. And the green building LEED rating point potential of the DOAS/cooling panel approach will be very briefly explored. 02-07-01 BJARNE W. OLESEN, Ph.D. Director, Research and Development Wirsbo - "VELTA" GmbH and Company KG Norderstedt, Germany Dr. Bjarne Wilkens Olesen obtained an MS in Civil Engineering from the Technical University of Denmark in 1972, and a Ph.D. at the Laboratory of Heating and Air Conditioning, Technical University of Denmark in 1975. In 1982, he received the Ralph G. Nevins Physiology and Human Environment Award, and in 1997, the Distinguish Service Award from ASHRAE. In 1997, he received the ANSI Meritorious Service Award from American National Standard Institute. In 2001 he became an ASHRAE Fellow. Dr. Olesen was employed as a research scientist at the Laboratory of Heating and Air Conditioning, Technical University of Denmark, from 1972-90. He performed research on the influence of the thermal environment on human beings (floor temperatures, draught, vertical air temperature differences, radiant temperature asymmetry, spot cooling, thermal insulation of clothing, measurements of the thermal environment). In 1978-1992, he worked part time as product manager at Brüel & Kjaer in planning, development and marketing of instruments for measuring and evaluation of the thermal environment, indoor air quality and the performance of the ventilation system (tracer gas measurements). In 1992- 1993, he was Senior Research Scientist, Indoor Environment Program, College of Architecture and Urban Studies, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. He performed research on indoor air quality and ventilation in buildings, laboratory testing of displacement ventilation system, teaching in calculation of heating and cooling loads, design criteria for the indoor environment and HVAC systems in buildings. Since 1993, Dr. Olesen has been Head of Research & Development at Wirsbo - "VELTA" GmbH and Company KG, Norderstedt, Germany. He works with methods and systems for heating and cooling of buildings with special emphasis on water based radiant systems. Dr. Olesen is chairing or serves as a member of several ISO, CEN, ASHRAE and DIN standards committees related to thermal environment, indoor air quality, ventilation and heating and cooling systems in buildings. He has published approximately 200 papers. LECTURE TOPICS: The Possibilities and Limitations of Water Based Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems The demand for comfort, better insulation of buildings, and increased internal loads from people and equipment has increased interest in installing a cooling system to keep indoor temperatures within the comfort range. Due to the use of energy, high costs, problems with IAQ, draught and noise, it is in several countries often debated if full air-conditioning of buildings is recommended. Alternatively, heating and cooling may be done by water based radiant heating and cooling systems, where pipes are embedded in the building structure (floors, ceilings, walls) or in the center of the concrete slabs between each story. Activating the building mass will not only give a direct heating-cooling effect, but also, due to the thermal mass, reduce the peak load and transfer some of the load to outside the period of occupancy. Because these systems for cooling operate at water temperature close to room temperature, they increase the efficiency of heat pumps, ground heat exchangers and other systems using renewable energy sources. The lecture will discuss the possibilities and limitations of water-based radiant heating and cooling systems. Performance regarding comfort and energy will be presented and discussed based on computer simulations, measurements in test rooms and measured performance in existing buildings. International Standards for the Thermal Environment, Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation The main purpose of most buildings and installed heating and air conditioning systems is to provide an indoor environment that is acceptable and does not impair health and performance of the occupant. Today most people spend more than 90% of their time during work, at home, during transportation or leisure time in an artificial indoor environment created by man. Buildings and installations should therefore be designed, installed and operated so that a substantial majority of users during the time of occupancy can achieve a healthy and acceptable indoor climate. The knowledge on the thermal climate parameters (air temperature, operative temperature, air velocity, humidity, clothing, etc), their influence on the occupants and the influence of buildings and systems on these parameters are today relatively well know and established in international standards. The knowledge on indoor air quality (ventilation, bioeffluents, tobacco smoke, humidity, emissions from building materials and HVAC systems) has during the last decade increased and several standards are now published or are being prepared. This lecture will give criteria for design and evaluation based on existing international standards or standards in progress. 02-07-01 RAYMOND E. PATENAUDE, P.E. President The Holmes Agency, Inc. St. Petersburg, FL Raymond E. Patenaude, P.E. is a registered Professional Engineer specializing in energy management and indoor air quality. He has been a Consulting Engineer for over twenty- two years involved with the analysis, design and construction of building heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment and systems. Mr. Patenaude is also active within the Technical Professional Societies currently serving as a Vice President and member of the Board of Directors for the American Society of Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. In addition, he is also active with the Association of Energy Engineers as a Board member of the Certified Indoor Air Quality Professionals and a Certified Energy Manager. Mr. Patenaude has designed, built, retrofitted and analyzed over 1,500 buildings including commercial, institutional and industrial facilities. Presently he is employed with Mechanical Services, Inc. in the capacity of Senior Consulting Engineer working on energy and indoor air quality related projects, including desiccant dehumidification. LECTURE TOPICS: Indoor Air Quality ASHRAE Standard 62 provides designers, owners and facilities operators a standard for designing ventilation and acceptable indoor air quality. This lecture traces the history and development of Standard 62 to the present including the continuous maintenance process to change the standard. In addition, a comprehensive analysis with examples on using standard 62 is presented. Examples include traditional outside air ventilation systems, more advanced systems such as desiccant dehumidification, integrated systems and advanced air cleaning devices. Energy Management The consumption of energy within buildings goes far beyond the traditional design of the building. This lecture provides designers, owners and facilities operators a team approach to managing energy within their facility. The approach starts with the design options available to reduce energy consumption. A life cycle cost analysis is used to qualify energy reduction measures and practical examples are provided. In addition, options are presented to measure and monitor the buildings energy usage and compare these to multiple building sites and usage dates. Desiccant Dehumidification Indoor air quality and energy reductions in buildings have combined to present a challenge to designers, owners and facilities operators in achieving both. This lecture addresses the opportunities in using desiccant dehumidification to achieve dry indoor conditions in humid climates while reducing the energy consumption of air conditioning. An overview of the desiccant process is provided including fundamentals, types of desiccants, components of desiccant systems and practical design examples. In addition, the most recent research and development on an integrated desiccant/vapor compression system is presented. Moisture in and Around Buildings, a Recipe for Disaster In hot and humid climates, engineers, designers, contractors and owners face mounting challenges controlling moisture in buildings. Sometimes the issues involve other building systems that the HVAC professional has no control over. However, when the mold, mildew and fungus start to infest the building, the HVAC professional is the first to be blamed. The HVAC professional is also challenged with continuing research and design developments that lend insight to the design strategy. ASHRAE research, through its technical committees and task groups has advanced the arts and sciences of this special area of interest. 01-07-01 RICHARD H. ROOLEY, FREng Rooley Consultants Bucks, England Richard H. Rooley (FREng FASHRAE) is a Consulting Engineer in London, England. He has designed HVAC systems and developed operation and maintenance procedures for commercial, health, public buildings and housing. He has worked with universities in research on indoor air quality and investigated problem buildings and achieved solutions. He acts as an expert in litigation, and as an arbitrator and mediator in disputes. In seeking solutions to problems in buildings, he has used teams of professionals, from inside and outside the HVAC industry. Mr. Rooley has been a member of ASHRAE since 1976, and has served on many standing and technical committees. He has chaired the Administration Council, Education Council, Publishing Council, Member Council, and ASHRAE Planning Committee. He has served as a Vice President for three years and currently serves as Treasurer of ASHRAE. He is a Fellow of ASHRAE, has received the Distinguished Service Award, the Regional Award of Merit and the International Activities Award. Outside America, Mr. Rooley is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, the Chartered Institutions of Building Services Engineers, and an Associate of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. He has been Master of The Worshipful Company of Engineers in London, is a freeman of the City of London, and is a Licensed Lay Minister in the Church of England. LECTURE TOPICS: Worst Practice Lessons for Future Quality This talk will review problems in the construction process that have led to litigation or arbitration. There are many opportunities in construction for conflict. Troubles are based on technical and procedural problems, both of which are a result of human failings. Triggers for a dispute are remarkably similar project to project. Many problems result from an inability to design and manage the interface between activities even though each activity is carried out in accordance with good practice. Quality management solves problems of how well a particular piece of work is done, but may not address the way in which groups work together. History of Maintenance and Looking to the Future: The Divergence of Building Services Design from Maintenance in 1950 to its Convergence in 2020 Tracing the commonality of design, construction and maintenance, from the code of Hammerabi in 2000 BC through Victorian engineering to World War II, shows common trade based skills. The foundation and early years of ASHVE fit neatly into this history. The Second World War led to refinement of technological design. Post-war changes in the education and training of engineers separated the scientifically based design practice from the trade based maintenance and construction practice. In the building industry at the present time, there is a lack of understanding and trust between the designer and the maintainer which has caused, or is the result of, problem buildings and in particular Sick Buildings Syndrome. Contemporary lessons from manufacturing, and in particular aircraft manufacturing industries indicate that computer based design, diagnostics and simulation will draw the strands of design and maintenance together, before 2050, and possibly by 2020. The convergence will be successful only if ASHRAE members acknowledge the need and show technical and cultural leadership. This talk will describe actions that must be taken and practices followed by the working engineer. Quality of the Internal Workplace and Worker Productivity: A Look Beyond Engineering This talk is in three parts: the work of the HVAC Engineer, definitions of productivity, and other aspects. The HVAC Engineer who refers to the ASHRAE standards and applies knowledge and wisdom contained in the ASHRAE Handbooks has solved a major part of the problems of indoor air conditioning. The talk will review the current knowledge base and consider related technical aspects of lighting and architectural features. As comfort is perceived as a state of well being, productivity is usually taken as a perception of efficiency. Work in this area has mainly addressed the perception of productivity, but others rely on measurement including keyboard accuracy and speed. Aspects of productivity are the business of the HVAC engineer. In parallel with developments in the HVAC and comfort aspects of indoor air quality, there is a large body of alternative knowledge. The talk will review this, ranging from the philosophy of work and management technique through the application of fung shui and other behavioral guides. The electronic smog generated by the increasing use of computers, power lines and mobile phones will be presented. The influence of earth energies and their interruption by electric and magnetic energy will be described. A view will be presented for discussion on whether and to what extent the HVAC engineer is challenged in their design by this alternative research. 02-07-01 FRANK SHADPOUR, P.E. Consulting Engineer Gem Engineering, Inc. San Diego, Ca Frank Shadpour is the author of the book "Fundamentals of HVAC Direct Digital Control." He is a registered Mechanical Engineer and Certified Construction Specifier. He is a mechanical engineering graduate of the University of Southern California and has a Master's degree from the University of the Redlands. Mr. Shadpour has been an instructor of design and control HVAC courses at the University of California at San Diego since 1987, and the past president of the ASHRAE San Diego Chapter. Currently, he is the Vice Chair of the ASHRAE Technical Committee 1.4 "Control Theory and Application," and serves as an ASHRAE Region X Nominating Committee member. Mr. Shadpour is a consulting engineer and Principal at GEM Engineering. LECTURE TOPICS: HVAC Direct Digital Controls Design Practical Examples and Rule of Thumb Checks Six Steps of HVAC DDC Design Five Steps of HVAC Controls Six Steps of Control Actions Practical Examples Rule of Thumb Checks HVAC DDC Open Systems ASHRAE BACnet LonWorks and Open Systems Networking and Gateways Practical Examples How to Upgrade an Existing HVAC Control system Available Choices with Today's Technology Do's and Don'ts Utilizing Existing Investments to their Maximum Potential Practical Examples DDC Systems as a Tool for Commissioning Commissioning Process Objectives DDC Commissioning Steps DDC Commissioning Forms 72 Hours Trend Data Presentation Practical Examples 02-07-01 ALAN C. VEECK Vice President and General Manager Airpure Filter Sales and Service Virginia Beach, VA Alan C. Veeck, Vice President and General Manager, is responsible for Airpure subsidiary operations on the East Coast. He is also Vice President of BIOTEC, Inc., a biosafety cabinet certification and indoor air quality company. Mr. Veeck has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration from Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana. He has 17 years of experience in the air filtration industry, is Past President of the National Air Filtration Association (NAFA), and currently serves as Chair of NAFA's Product Certification Program. He has been an avocational instructor for Dale Carnegie Training for 22 years. Mr. Veeck has been active in ASHRAE since 1985 and is the current Chair of TC 2.4, Particulate Contaminants and Particulate Contaminant Removal Equipment. He led the research project, RP909, "Efficacy of Antimicrobial Treatments of Fibrous Air Filters," and has chaired several forums and seminars. Mr. Veeck is also a National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Accredited Biosafety Cabinet Certifier and is active in the indoor air quality industry and a member of the American Biological Safety Association. LECTURE TOPICS: How to Clean up the Indoor Environment – ASHRAE 52.2 Filter Testing Standard and How to Engineer It With implementation of the new ASHRAE Testing Standard 52.2, there is a new set of criteria to test filters. At the same time, there is an opportunity for engineers to specify the level of air cleanliness with filtration. This discussion will help ASHRAE members better understand the new standard and how to apply it. What's in the Air? Solutions for Indoor Environments in New and Existing Buildings Particulate matter indoors provides an environment that is not conducive to building inhabitant productivity and may possibly have adverse health effects. This discussion identifies contaminants in the indoor environment with suggested ways to remove them through filtration. Air Filters 101 – A Short Course in the Principles and Applications of Low, Medium and High Efficiency Air Filters Air filtration is a misunderstood science for most people. This discussion focuses on how a filter "filters," the different efficiencies of filters, and how to identify which filter best fits the application and need of a facility. 02-07-01 THOMAS E. WERKEMA, Jr. Vice President, Regulatory Activities ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc. Philadelphia, PA Thomas Werkema graduated from the University of Michigan in 1971 with a BS in Chemical Engineering and in 1975 from Seidman Graduate School, a division of Grand Valley State Colleges, with an MBA. Mr. Werkema has worked in the chemical industry for a variety of companies, building chemical plants, running them as plant manager, and in 1987, became Business Manager for the Industrial Chemical Division of Pennwalt, a $200 million business. In 1993, he became Vice President of Regulatory Activities for ATOFINA, the successor to Pennwalt. For the past 9 years, Mr. Werkema has been involved in and attended United Nations meetings of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. Mr. Werkema recently accepted the position of TEGA Government Activities member of ASHRAE in 2001. He also serves on the Board of Directors of the Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy, a leading fluorocarbon advocacy group, the Board of Directors for the International Climate Change Partnership, the Strategic Implementation Leadership Council related to chlorine issues, and leadership roles in several other trade associations. LECTURE TOPICS: Climate Change The presentation on climate change will vary since the science understanding and politics change continuously. The current understanding of the science of climate change will be reviewed. The new science assessment completed will be presented. The current international Kyoto Protocol negotiations and the industry relevant issues as well as positions by the significant parties are presented. In addition, current U.S. voluntary programs (including President Bush's new program), EU Commission derived programs, member state programs, Canadian programs, and possible impacts on U.S. industry are reviewed. Ozone Depletion The science of Ozone Depletion will be reviewed and updated in 2002 for publication in late 2002. This lecture will include an update on current ozone depletion science, recent Antarctic hole activity and Arctic depletion, projections for future recovery, and the various CFCs/HCFCs and other chemical species and their impact. Mr. Werkema is a review author for the science "Effects" report. International Fora, Domestic Implementation, Politics and Science Lecture topics include a broad range of international initiatives that may affect ASHRAE, national and regional developments and their potential impact on business, and the current state of science for ozone depletion and climate change. Mr. Werkema has made presentations worldwide from Africa to Asia, and he is a well known and respected authority on these topics. Please contact Thomas Werkema for additional details. 02-07-01 RONALD J. WILKINSON, P.E. Montana Division of Architecture and Engineering Commissioning Program Helena, MT Ronald J. Wilkinson is responsible for managing the State of Montana's building commissioning program. He earned his BSMAE from the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago in 1971 and his MPA from The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington in 1985. He is a licensed mechanical engineer in the states of Washington and Montana, with 30 years of engineering experience in commercial, industrial and institutional facilities design. Mr. Wilkinson was Secretary, Treasurer and Vice Chair of the Seattle Chapter of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers from 1978-1982, has been a member of ASHRAE since 1982 and is currently a member of the Building Commissioning Association. He is a recipient of the Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Excellence Award, the Montana Governor's Award for Excellence and is an ASHRAE Research Investor. He is a Vice President at Large and C0-Chair of the Commissioning Guidelines Committee for the National Association of State Facilities Administrators (NASFA) and a member of the HPAC Magazine Editorial Board. Mr. Wilkinson is a national author and speaker on the topics of commissioning and environmental control systems. He has written for most major publications in the field of facilities design and energy conservation, including the ASHRAE Journal, and is the author of the "Best Practices in Commissioning" handbook published by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance. He has been invited speaker at the National Conferences on Building Commissioning since 1998 and will lecture and provide workshops at the 2002 conference in Chicago. LECTURE TOPIC: Building Commissioning Building commissioning is quality assurance applied to building construction. Integrated commissioning begins in the planning stage of a new building and continues through construction and the first year of occupancy. It includes documentation of the design intent, plans checking, inspection, testing, O&M training and monitoring and is multi-disciplined, employing a team of engineers, control and air balance technicians. Mr. Wilkinson's programs are based on ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996, wherein the commissioning program is coordinated by an independent third party commissioning authority. Mr. Wilkinson offers seven commissioning programs. The programs range from a general overview to more detailed treatments of commissioning project management. Program times are from one to six hours and include lectures as well as group exercises. The shorter programs of a general overview and current events are appropriate for luncheon or dinner meetings. The more in-depth programs are intended for a classroom/workshop environment. All programs are in PowerPoint format and include annotated workbooks for all participants. 02-07-01 VERLE A. WILLIAMS, P.E., CEM Consulting Engineer San Diego, CA Verle Williams, a registered Professional Engineer and a Certified Energy Manager, is the owner and president of Utility Services Unlimited, a professional consulting firm specializing in energy efficient systems studies, designs and performance verification. Mr. Williams is a 1960 graduate of the University of Colorado at Boulder, with a BS in Mechanical Engineering, and a BS in Business. Mr. Williams' specialty for 41 years has been automatic controls, their application to solve complex challenges, and their design for reliable and simplified operation. His consulting services have taken him into many complex plants and challenged him to get "out of the box" and think about solutions that are outside the normal procedures and systems format. Mr. Williams has spoken on various energy related topics to many national society meetings, local technical society meetings, and civic organization meetings, and has written over 35 published articles and papers. He has taught energy conservation classes at the University of California, San Diego Engineering Extension College, North Seattle Community College, and miscellaneous refresher classes in the area. Mr. Williams is very active in local, regional and Society-level ASHRAE activities. He is a Fellow/Life Member of ASHRAE and has received numerous awards through the years. LECTURE TOPICS: Central Chiller Plants Turn Up Gold Energy consumption of chiller plants often goes unchecked. This area has literally been a gold mine of conservation opportunities for 99% of the chiller plants visited. Starting with the pumping system, what pressure differential is there? What is needed in the buildings or air handlers served? What about the devices absorbing the pressure differential? Are they needed or is there another way to accomplish the goal? Is there a balance between the required flow and the pumps installed? Is it a constant speed primary-secondary, a variable primary, or a constant primary-variable secondary pumping system? If it is variable speed pumping, what controls the speed of the pumps? How about the control system? Are the pumps controlled as one element of an integrated control system, one that reads the needs of the devices served to determine the pump speed and pressure differential? Can the operator easily diagnose the total plant operation with the control system central station? In case of an emergency, can one dial in and look at all systems from a laptop from off-site? Are the flow readouts reliable? Does the control system integrate directly with the chiller control system? Want to talk about control systems? Come to the meeting and do just that. "Virtual" Central Chiller Plant Did you know that you can tie all those building chillers and pumping systems together, without adding pumps, to serve the entire campus cooling needs? Whether an office complex, an industrial complex, or a university campus, the entire cooling load can be met by the chiller(s) within any building connected to the loop. This permits only one chiller to supply the cooling needs of all the operating building systems during light load conditions. As the load increases, another chiller system is added. Energy savings will normally repay the cost of installing the piping system within a very reasonable time. What are the concerns? How can those concerns be addressed? Does it really work? Isn't this contrary to all we've learned for years about chiller plants and campus distribution systems? Is there variable water flow in the chiller? How can the system be balanced? Does it need to be balanced? How can it be controlled effectively? Does it require a full time control system operator? These questions can be addressed at the meeting. Automatic Controls Automatic Controls can reduce the energy consumption of old or new double duct systems, without the expense of converting them to VAV and at a much lower cost. The preprogramming work is an important issue to address. How can we save energy with a double duct system? What do you mean, install a VFD on a constant volume system? What does a constant volume-variable pressure system look like? How can the system be controlled? Attend the meeting and ask those questions. 02-07-01


text:
The 2006 Tablas Creek Vineyard Roussanne is Tablas Creek's fifth national release of its 100% Roussanne. The wine is exuberantly and elegantly in character of the Roussanne grape, with honey, honeysuckle, and pear aromatics, a rich, viscous mouthfeel with just a hint of oak, and a long, lingering finish.
We use most of our Roussanne in our Esprit de Beaucastel Blanc each year. However, we often have some Roussanne lots in the cellar that are so powerfully characteristic of the varietal that we feel they would be too dominant in a blend. In these cases, we reserve a small quantity of this powerful Roussanne for a single-varietal bottling.
Our Roussanne grapes were grown on our 120-acre certified organic estate vineyard.
The 2006 vintage was a study of contrasts, with a cold, wet start, a very hot early summer, a cool late summer and a warm, beautiful fall. Ample rainfall in late winter gave the grapevines ample groundwater, and produced relatively generous crop sizes. The relatively cool late-season temperatures resulted in a delayed but unhurried harvest, wines with lower than normal alcohols, strong varietal character, and good acids. Most of our Roussanne came in in one rush between September 19th and October 12th, although one block came in much later on November 1st.
The Roussanne grapes were whole cluster pressed, and fermented using native yeasts half in stainless steel and half in small French oak barrels. The wine was left on its lees for 6 months, and allowed to complete malolactic fermentation. After fermentation the wines were blended, and bottled in May 2007. The wines underwent only a light cold stabilization before bottling.
The 2006 Roussanne is a vibrant expression of the Roussanne grape. Aromas of pear, honeysuckle and hazelnut and spice are followed by a wine of rich texture, honey, pear and lemon zest flavors, moderate acidity and a long minerally finish.
[...more recent Tablas Creek press]
Not Available for Purchase
On December 6th, all VINsiders are invited to join Tablas Creek's owners and winemakers for our 10th annual En Primeur Tasting and Futures Offering. Taste the 2013 Esprit de Tablas and 2013 Panoplie, discuss the vintage, and enjoy a seasonal dish created to pair with the wines. The $30 cost to attend the event is refundable on any en primeur purchase. Register for one of two sessions (10:30am or 1:30pm) More information »
This holiday season, choose from 5 gift packages, all with shipping included in a gift box. We even have an epicurean pack including our organic estate olive oil that we can ship to all 50 states! Details & more gift ideas »
We were thrilled to receive such good reviews from this notoriously tough grader, including the 2012 Esprit de Tablas Blanc (92 points; "impeccably refined"), 2011 Panoplie (94 points; "pure elegance"), 2012 Patelin de Tablas (90 points; "a gorgeous wine and a fabulous value"), and the 2012 Esprit de Tablas (93-95 points; "a fascinating Esprit to follow over the coming years"). Read the complete review » More recent press »
November, 21 2014
Over recent weeks, I've received several questions from people wondering how to best preserve a partial bottle of wine for future consumption. Typically, they're wondering if they should invest in a system that replaces the air in the bottle with an inert gas, or in a vacuum system that removes the air from the bottle entirely... Read More »

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This is a list of small tasks that should be quick to get done and might be a good introduction to working on the documentation.
We need some basic information on the following pages. Looking for a simple definition of the term with links to further information if required.
If you don't feel comfortable writing contents from scratch: we always need people to proofread and copy edit.


text:
MADRE News
Benefits of Midwifery in Afghanistan
Posted on: Monday, July 9, 2012
Keywords: Afghanistan, Middle East, Women's Health, Economic Justice, Combating Violence Against Women
Afghanistan is often in the headlines, but far from the limelight, MADRE is working with a network of brave midwives who dare to stand up against violence and for women's health.
Keep reading for more information about the threats women face, and what we're doing about it.
Violence against Women:
Afghanistan remains one of the most dangerous places on earth to be a woman.
"Honor killing," marital rape and domestic violence, among other forms of abuse, is widespread and deeply entrenched in notions of traditional gender roles. It is estimated that one in three Afghan women experience physical, psychological or sexual abuse.
These women are systematically denied access to their basic human rights, including education, healthcare and freedom of movement. For example, cultural practice forbids a woman to travel outside the home without a male relative, making it nearly impossible to escape life-threatening abuse.
In these situations, Afghan women have little chance to live a life free from violence.
Maternal Health:
Afghanistan is also one of the worst places to be a mother. With one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, a woman in Afghanistan dies from child birth every 27 minutes.
A majority of these deaths are preventable, but barriers stand in the way of Afghan women's access to health care services, such as pre- and post-natal care:
- Cultural preference dictates that a woman be treated by women, despite a scarcity of trained female health workers.
- In rural Afghanistan, the nearest clinic could be hundreds of miles away, too far to reach in an emergency.
As a consequence, only 16 percent of Afghan women receive prenatal care, and only 14 percent of births in Afghanistan are supervised by skilled health attendants. Unsurprisingly, Afghanistan's health record is among the worst in the world.
How MADRE Helps:
While the status of Afghan women's health remains dire, the recent rise in midwifery throughout the country has proven essential in improving the health—physical, mental and social—of women in Afghanistan.
MADRE recognizes the unique opportunity offered by a midwife's access to the intimate spaces of women's lives that are often hidden away from public view. For a woman trapped in an abusive and violent situation, her midwife is one of the few people she can open up to about the dangers she faces.
Through expanding our Afghan Women's Survival Fund, an underground rescue network where women who are threatened with violence can covertly escape to safety, MADRE has newly partnered with a network of midwives to help identify at risk women.
The midwives, who themselves must remain anonymous throughout this process for their own safety, can now activate the Fund to connect abused women to resources and aid them to safety. Our Fund covers the costs of emergency medical care, food, shelter, transportation, clothing and other personal effects for women to escape.
Midwives do more than deliver babies—they give women a chance at a healthy life, safe from violence. When we support midwives, we help to clear that path to safety.
To support the Afghan Women's Survival Fund, click here.
« Back to "Press Room"
Next Article »
Archives"Press Room" Home November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 July 2006 June 2006 April 2006 March 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 April 2005 March 2005 November 2004 October 2004 April 2004 March 2004 January 2004 December 2003 October 2003 September 2003 June 2003 April 2003 January 2003 September 2002 June 2002 January 2002 November 2001 October 2001 September 2001 August 2001 January 2001
Kat Noel, Website & Media Coordinator
EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com
To sign up to receive MADRE media alerts, click here.
Bring MADRE to You
Host a MADRE Speaker
Email firstname.lastname@example.com
MADRE & Our Partners Make News
Iraqi government 'likely complicit' in persecution of LGBT community (The Guardian, November 19, 2014)
LGBT Iraqis face 'imminent risk of death' under Islamic State (Washington Blade, November 19, 2014)
Iraq: "When Coming Out is a Death Sentence" (San Diego Gay & Lesbian News, November 19, 2014)
The World's Obsession With Schoolgirls As Victims, And Why It's Putting Them In Danger (Think Progress, November 9, 2014)
Forbidden Talk - Prostitution in the Middle East (Levant TV, October 7, 2014)