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Video: The Voltron of Laptops Fights E-Waste
Engel-Hall knows whereof he speaks, having spent the last nine months as part of a team of mechanical engineering students from Stanford University and Finland's Aalto University researching the problem of e-waste. Sponsored by the design software firm Autodesk, the students spent nine months researching, prototyping, and conducting user tests with the goal of making electronics recycling a simpler, more effective, and more engaging process for consumers with the goal of reducing the amount of e-waste that goes to landfills.
"Our culture of more, more, faster, faster, smaller-cooler-gadgets is not showing any signs of letting up," says Engel-Hall. "So something needs to be done…[and that's] where we come in. If our team can develop a more recyclable electronic device then we can take what we learned from that experience and share that 'recyclable design' wisdom with others and hopefully inspire people to pick up where we left off."
That's what the enterprising group has done with Bloom, a prototype laptop computer made possible in part by Autodesk's modeling software, and designed so that its user can easily disassemble it without any tools in just 30 seconds (part of the process is shown in the photos here). The LCD, motherboard, and battery easily separate and can be place inside a prepaid envelope hidden behind the screen and mailed to a specialized recycling facility. The rest of the computer can be tossed in the average household recycling bin.


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Florence St. Vincent de Paul hosts Giving Tree
November 21, 2014 FLORENCE, Wis. — For the past 21 years, St. Vincent de Paul volunteers have spearheaded a community effort to make Christmas brighter for Florence County families. more »»
Jazz band performs
November 21, 2014 more »»
Iron River plans sparkling events for Christmas in Lights celebration
November 21, 2014 IRON RIVER-It will be bright day, and night, in Iron River on Dec. 6 for the Christmas In Lights celebrations. more »»
Niles Hiltunen Benefit Fund, Inc. concert planned on Saturday
November 21, 2014 IRON RIVER — The Niles Hiltunen Benefit Fund, Inc. and the Windsor Center present The Niles Hiltunen Benefit Fund, Inc. Concert on Saturday, Nov, 22 at 7 p.m. at the Windsor Center in Iron River. more »»
Hogan presentation
November 21, 2014 more »»
Upper Peninsula supplemental feeding permits will be available beginning Dec. 15
November 21, 2014 LANSING — Since the arrival of heavy snowfall across Michigan's Upper Peninsula, the Department of Natural Resources has been monitoring accumulated snow depths for potential impacts to wildlife and... more »»
Wicklund receives award in Green Bay
November 21, 2014 GREEN BAY, Wis. — Johanna Wicklund recently received the prestigious Outstanding Fundraising Professional of the Year awar. more »»
Preparations under way for ATC power line construction
November 21, 2014 DE PERE, Wis. — Real estate and tree clearing activities are under way along the 58-mile corridor of American Transmission C. more »»
21 Indian reservations joining buyback program
November 21, 2014 BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) — Federal officials on Thursday doubled the number of American Indian communities involved in a $1.9 billion government effort to return lands on reservations to tribal ownership. more »»
Students sought for exchange program
November 21, 2014 EAST LANSING — High school students currently in grades 9-11 are invited to apply to a statewide student exchange program that would take them to Shiga, Japan, our Sister State, for two weeks during... more »»
Wisconsin tribe joins buyback
November 21, 2014 ODANAH, Wis. (AP) — An American Indian band in northern Wisconsin is joining a government effort to return lands on reservations to tribal ownership. The U.S. more »»
Feds set up fish shop for undercover trout probe
November 21, 2014 L'ANSE (AP) — Those fishy-smelling guys buying your catch? Those were the feds. U.S. more »»
Meth suspects in court
November 20, 2014 IRON MOUNTAIN — The cases against two defendants accused of operating a methamphetamine lab on the north side of Iron Mountain are progressing through Dickinson County Circuit Court. more »»
Case advances in IM shooting
November 20, 2014 IRON MOUNTAIN — Two Iron Mountain residents accused of felony drug and weapon charges following an accidental shooting incident were in Dickinson County District Court on Wednesday to waive their... more »»
Recount sought in West Branch vote
November 20, 2014 IRON MOUNTAIN — A recount has been requested in the Nov. 4 general election race for West Branch Township supervisor. more »»
Iron Mountain woman faces felony business theft charges
November 20, 2014 FLORENCE, Wis. — An Iron Mountain woman has been accused of taking thousands of dollars from R&S Liquor in Florence while employed at the store. Susan A. more »»
Brown County binge drinking highest in U.S.
November 20, 2014 GREEN BAY, Wis. (AP) — Adults in Brown County binge drink more than those in other parts of the state, which was ranked highest in the nation for alcohol gorging, according to a new survey. more »»
Witnesses to crash sought
November 20, 2014 IRON MOUNTAIN — Iron Mountain Police Department officials are seeking witnesses to a two-vehicle crash that occurred Wednesday afternoon. more »»
Christmas in Florence
November 20, 2014 The fifth annual Christmas in Florence event is planned for Saturday, Dec. 6. Come experience the sights and sounds of the season from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. more »»
Webcams on U.P. roads
November 20, 2014 MARQUETTE — This winter, motorists have an expanded online vantage point to view stretches of state highway across the Upper Peninsul. more »»
News, Blogs & Events Web

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Northrop Grumman Awarded US$88-Million Navy Contract
According to the US Department of Defense, Navy, Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Charlottesville, Va., is being awarded an $88,153,800 contract to acquire integrated bridge systems and steering/ship control systems, related hardware and associated services. DoD explains that the systems are comprised of chart servers, network interface boxes, flat panel displays, radar systems, navigation software, ship control software, global positioning systems, weather sensors, depth sensors, speed sensors, digital compass systems, ship control display systems and sonar systems. These items represent a modernization upgrade from existing systems currently in use. In addition, Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., will be required to provide services associated with the analysis, repair, improvement, installation, testing and operational training of fleet personnel on this equipment. Work will be conducted at various ship homeports inside and outside the United States and on deployed vessels, and will completed by April 2019. Fiscal 2014 other procurement, Navy contract funds in the estimated amount of $100,000 will be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. DoD add that the Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, Ship System Engineering Station, Philadelphia, Pa., is the contracting activity (N65540-14-D-0002).
Latest DofD Navy Contracts
Navy contracts have been awarded, amongst others, to Northrop Grumman Systems Corp. to provide LCS mission modules, and to Electric Boat Corp. for Virginia-class submarine spare parts manufacture and procurement. Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Bethpage, N.Y., is being awarded a $25,272,171 modification under previously awarded contract (N00024-06-C-6311) to provide three mission modules, support containers and engineering and production planning services for mission packages that will deploy
Good As Gold
Northrop Grumman Corporation's Gold Team was chosen by the U.S. Navy to complete the system design for the Navy's advanced, 21st century surface combatant, DD(X). The project replaces the $25 billion DD-21 program of land-attack destroyers that was scrapped last fall. Northrop Grumman's Ship Systems sector will lead the system design, engineering prototype development and testing of the DD(X) System under a $265 million contract awarded today by the Navy
Northrop Grumman Extends Tender Offer
Northrop Grumman Corporation today announced that it has extended its pending exchange offer for all outstanding shares of common stock, including associated rights, of Newport News Shipbuilding Inc. (NYSE: NNS) from Oct. 18, 2001, to Oct. 25, 2001, at midnight E.D.T. Approximately 7,571,023 shares of Newport News Shipbuilding common stock had been tendered to Northrop Grumman as of 5:00 p.m. E.D.T. on Oct. 18, 2001,
Northrop Grumman Wins Navy Deal
Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Linthicum, Ms., is being awarded a $9.7m cost-plus-fixed-fee task order for Aperstructures. "Aperstructures" is an Office of Naval Research coined word developed from the concept of incorporating the structural component of an aperture into the load carrying members of a ship's superstructure. The Aperstructures program herein addresses risk reduction for the incorporation of large and small arrays into a notional superstructure
Northrop Grumman Completes Spin-off of Huntington
LOS ANGELES, March 31, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) today announced that it has completed the previously announced spin-off of its subsidiary Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. (NYSE: HII). Northrop Grumman stockholders of record at the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on March 30, 2011, received one share of HII common stock for every six shares of Northrop Grumman common stock held
Northrop Grumman Team Wins Navy Contract
A team led by Northrop Grumman Corporation will help the U.S. Navy streamline security assistance and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) for the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) through a contract under the General Service Administration's Millennia Lite contracting vehicle. The contract is worth more than $80 million over 10 years to Northrop Grumman's Information Technology (IT) sector if all options are exercised. This award also solidifies the position of Northrop
Northrop Grumman to Acquire Litton Industries for $5.1B
In a move which effectively creates a defense and marine naval construction giant, Northrop Grumman Corp. and Litton Industries jointly announced late last month that they have signed a definitive agreement under which Northrop Grumman will acquire for cash all of the outstanding shares of Litton for $80 per common share and $35 per Series B Preferred share. The transaction is valued at approximately $5.1 billion, which includes the assumption of Litton's $1.3 billion in net debt.
Navy Awards Northrop Grumman Perfect Scores on Restoration of USS Cole
Northrop Grumman Corporation announced today that the U.S. Navy has awarded Northrop Grumman Ship Systems perfect scores for the work accomplished during the final phase of restoration of the Aegis guided missile destroyer USS Cole (DDG 67). Northrop Grumman Ship Systems received the highest marks possible in the specified performance areas of Schedule, Technical, Management and Cost for the performance period from January through April 2002; and, based on the perfect scores
Northrop Grumman to Integrate Navy LCS Mission Package
Northrop Grumman Corporation received a $28 million contract from the U.S. Navy for engineering and production planning services for surface warfare and mine countermeasures mission module components that will deploy from, and integrate with, the littoral combat ship (LCS). With this award, Northrop Grumman continues its role as the mission package integrator with expanding roles in systems engineering, mission module production and mission package fleet sustainment
Northrop Grumman Advances Unmanned Maritime Capabilities
Innovative unmanned systems program moves forward to Phase II. Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) is developing new, advanced unmanned systems to support the Department of Defense's capability to deploy global persistent intelligence, surveillance
Mine Detection Robot Performs in Bahrain
As the demand for naval technology rapidly escalates globally, the Middle East remains a hotspot for investment and innovation. To this end, Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC), in support of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command in Manama, Bahrain
Northrop Grumman Sponsors Maritime RobotX Challenge
Northrop Grumman Corporation is expanding its support for science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education across the globe by sponsoring the Maritime RobotX Challenge in Singapore, Oct. 20-26. Bringing together 15 teams of university students from five countries (United States
Leavitt tapped to head Northrop Grumman Maritime Systems Business
Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) named Todd Leavitt, vice president of the company's Maritime Systems business unit, effective immediately. Leavitt will have executive responsibility for all Maritime Systems programs and products
Northrop Grumman Appoint MD for Sperry Marine Business
Jeanne Usher has been named managing director of the Sperry Marine business unit, effective immediately inform Northrop Grumman Corporation. Usher succeeds Alan Dix, who recently retired following a distinguished career with the company spanning 33 years.
Northrop Grumman Turbine Generators Selected for USN ORP
Northrop Grumman selected to provide turbine generator units for U.S. Navy's Ohio Replacement Submarine Program Northrop Grumman Corporation announced it has been awarded a contract by shipbuilder General Dynamics Electric Boat to complete detailed design and subsequent manufacturing, assembly
Northrop Grumman, US Navy Conduct Successful Simultaneous Tests
Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) and the U.S. Navy successfully flew the unmanned MQ-8B Fire Scout simultaneously with the MH-60R Sea Hawk helicopter for the first time. The capability demonstrates how a mix of aircraft can increase a ship commander's intelligence-gathering capabilities
HII's Petters Honored by Navy League
Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) announced today that Mike Petters, its president and CEO, was honored by the Navy League of the United States New York Council at a dinner last night in New York City. Petters was awarded the Rear Admiral John J
Midshipman Named Northrop Grumman Navigator of the Year
Northrop Grumman Corporation recently presented the 2014 Elmer A. Sperry Junior Navigator of the Year Award for 2014 to Midshipman Robert Francisco Yerkes-Medina in ceremonies at the U.S. Naval Academy. The award recognizes a member of the graduating class who has demonstrated outstanding
Remotec Awarded US Navy Repair Contract
The U.S. Navy has awarded Northrop Grumman Corporation subsidiary Remotec Inc. an $8.8 million contract to repair and upgrade 103 MK3 Series Remote Ordnance Neutralizations Systems (RONS), increasing the capabilities and availability of the explosive ordnance disposal robots.
Sperry Navigation Systems for 7 Bulk Carriers
Northrop Grumman Corporation has been awarded a contract by Peter Dohle Schiffahrts-KG to supply the Integrated Bridge Systems, including navigation, voyage data recorders and radio systems, to seven new bulk carrier ships. Northrop Grumman's Sperry Marine business unit will supply the
Northrop Grumman Enhances VMFT Software
Northrop Grumman Corporation announced that its latest VisionMaster FT (VMFT) software now includes ADMIRALTY Information Overlay (AIO) as an integral element of its Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) based navigation system making additional chart information available to
Northrop Grumman Awarded Navy IT Contract
Grumman Corporation informs it has been selected by the US Navy as one of five contractors for the Consolidated Afloat Networks and Enterprise Services (CANES) full deployment production contract to upgrade cybersecurity, command and control
Navy Unmanned Aircraft Sets the Bar
The Navy's X-47B unmanned aircraft has completed its final test aboard 'USS Theodore Roosevelt' (CVN 71) and has returned to its home base at Naval Air Station Patuxent River after eight days at sea , informs U.S. Naval Air Systems Command.
New Heater Kits for Northern Sea Route Vessels
Northrop Grumman develops winterization field upgrade kits for vessels using the Northern Sea Route These heater kits will enable Marine Navigation Radar Turning Units to be operated in temperatures down below -55 degrees Celsius, in addition to keeping the S-Band and X-Band sensors in the


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Danielle Carroll
22 posts and 1 follower since Jul 2013
This is a little 4th of July Unicorn cake I made for a friend of mine, who is over the moon in love with unicorns :)
4th of july
Jul 2013
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Elli Warren
... Jul 2013
So cute! :-)
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Welcome To GMTruckClub.com!
The #1 Chevy Truck Forum Online
Online since 2004, we're the #1 Chevy Truck & SUV user community. If you have any questions about your Chevy or GMC Truck, SUV or Crossover, or just want to connect with other GM owners and enthusiasts around the world, you've found the best place on the internet to do that.
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How I spent Fathers day with my Pops.. From the B-17 to the Space Shuttle
Discussion in 'The Coffee Shop ~ Chit Chat' started by Enkeiavalanche, Jun 19, 2012.
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Downloads: 433
Pages: 43
Rated: 3 times Rate It
Author: Courtney Webb
Stories about girls and their troubles and the troubles they make.
In these times maybe everyone should own a gun.
Women used guns years ago to protect theirself. Not all women had a man around, so they did what they had to do to survive. I personaly think every woman should know how to use a gun & own one,especially in these strange times. RG in va.
Courtney Webb is an English teacher in South Korea. When she is not harassing her students or traveling, she is busy creating yet more stories! You can also buy these books on Amazon.com!
Published:Apr 2013
Poetry and short stories about love, romance and life in and about the Land of the Morning Calm.
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A wee sampling of some of Scotland's most famous authors. That, a little bit about their personal lives too.
A reading workbook created from authentic materials with question and answer pages as well as teacher references. The second part of the book are lesson works...
Published:Nov 2014
This is the second book featuring dashing Major Dickey, a retired Indian Army Officer.Dickey gets involved in a family quarrel that appeared petty initially....
Formats: PDF
Pushed into a fight he couldn't win Bishop Hannigan rode away from his home, his love and his family only to be thrown into the Civil War and confrontation th...
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Can a young man succeed in dying amid the splendour of Mexico? In Houlihan's Wake, a young Irishman goes to Playa Chisme, on the Pacific coast of Mexico, det...
Formats: PDF, Epub, Kindle
The Doctor joins his daughter Jenny and Captain Jack for a quick Christmas Adventure in Space and Time
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Find records of Sharron Neff
Find birth, death, marriage, military, and other records of Sharron L Neff at Ancestry.com.Search for records
Biography & Family History Add details
Sharron L Neff (1941 - 2003) was born on June 18, 1941. She was born into the Neff family.
Sharron had no marriages. Sharron died on March 4, 2003 at 61 years old.
Sharron L Neff's last known residence is at Hermiston, Umatilla County, Oregon.
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Posted: 23 May 2014 | 6:00 am
Villa rental entity Thailand Holiday Homes has entered into an agreement with leading agency Asian Trails for bookings to be available on the latter's online presence.
Thailand Holiday Homes has products available over the entire country and a widespread inventory of upscale products.
The online payment portal for bookings will continue to be made direct to THH.
Asian Trails is one of Indochina's largest travel providers.
Top Chinese economy hotel chain now in Thailand
Uber ride share now in Phuket
Looking for hotel exec job in Asia/ Try TopHoteliers
A column featuring environmental issues and conservation around the island. Click here for more Green Reports check out the latest story from the leading experts:
Zinc Journeys Gains Green Recogniation
Zinc Invision's eco luxury resort in Sri Lanka has earned a WTTC environmental awards.
Aleenta Leads Carbon Free Cooking Initiative
Thai hotel Aleenta Hua Hin has initiated a carbon free cooking drive, aimed at improving the property's sustainable footprint.
Tourism and Investment Update Where Is The Turning Point?
For Those Of You Sleeping - Phuket News in 74 Words
Philippines Adopts New Tourism Act, What About Thailand?
Library of published hospitality, tourism and property market intelligence.
The Cove's Ric O'Barry Talks About Phuket dolphins
PHUKET GAZETTEBill Barnett's Property Watch Column Comes To An End
PROPERTY REPORT SOUTH EAST ASIADevil In The Detail


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Post Content
Erin Burke
Protected Species Specialist, Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF)
The 2011 right whale season in Cape Cod Bay had our heads spinning! On several occasions in April, the aerial survey team documented over 100 individual right whales during each flight. This far exceeds our previous record for a single day, which was 70 individuals back in 2010. This year, right whales started piling up in the Bay in mid-April, which is typical, but the size and stability of the aggregations of whales was unlike anything we've ever seen. The whales were clustered in the eastern portion of Cape Cod Bay, most of them hugging the shore from Race Point down to Long Point, and even inside Provincetown Harbor on a few days.
Food resources in the eastern portion of the bay were very dense and stable, and the whales were understandably preoccupied with eating – surface and sub-surface feeding on patches of zooplankton, a behavior which makes them vulnerable to vessel collision. The Department of Fish and Game's Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) issued an advisory to mariners to post look-outs and go slow (10 knots or less) to avoid colliding with this endangered species. Ship strike is a leading cause of human-induced mortality for right whales.
Although our aerial survey team is still matching whale photographs and tallying the numbers from this past season, they have already confirmed over 300 individual whales seen in Cape Cod Bay and adjacent waters in 2011, and that number could rise! That's 63 percent of the known population of 473 animals and surpasses our record-breaking count of 199 whales in 2010. It is consistent, however, with the extraordinary number of right whales we've been seeing since 2007, despite making no changes to our survey effort.
Why have we been seeing so many right whales around Massachusetts in recent years? The answer is complicated and likely due to a combination of factors, such as recruitment of young animals into the population, use of Cape Cod Bay by individuals not normally seen there, excellent food resources in our area, and poor food resources elsewhere. Further analysis of the data is needed to understand the trend.
But the news hasn't been all good. Between January and April 2011, four right whales were found dead off the Southeast US coast, including one female seen with a new calf, which was not expected to survive without its mother. During the winter, many right whales migrate down to Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas to give birth and socialize, traversing a very urban ocean in the process.
The exceptional year we've had here in Massachusetts further illustrates the importance of Cape Cod Bay to the North Atlantic right whale population. Along with our partners at the Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, we will continue to monitor and protect this endangered species, with a hopeful eye on the future.
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Increased Carbon Sequestration: Another Reason to Hug a Tree posted on Nov 6
Over the course of more than 20 years, a recent Harvard Study found that with longer growing seasons eastern forests are sequestering more carbon than ever before—as much as 26 million metric tons more. And the Massachusetts forests were already doing a lot to offset our …Continue Reading Increased Carbon Sequestration: Another Reason to Hug a Tree
2014 DAR Agricultural Calendar: October posted on Oct 29
October's Massachusetts Agriculture Calendar Photo Contest winner was Steve Golson who photographed Hereford beef cattle at Sorli Farm in Carlisle. Sorli Farm has been operated by three generations of the Sorli family since 1745. The family purchased the land in 1914, so it's fitting that the …Continue Reading 2014 DAR Agricultural Calendar: October
Wood: The Future (and Past) of Green Infrastructure posted on Sep 30
Wood, one of the oldest building materials in human history, might also be the greenest.


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What happens on signing day is not nearly as important as what ha...Pat Forde
In looking back at the Class of 2006, one thing is clear: What happens on signing day is not nearly as important as what happens every day thereafter.Story | Conversation | January 28, 2010
Oklahoma Sooners, Oregon Ducks and Virginia Tech Hokies are back ...Pat Forde
From September's lessons to October's forecasts to the coaches' corner, The Dash runs through it all.Story | Conversation | September 29, 2009
Should the Florida Gators, Texas Longhorns, Miami Hurricanes or A...Pat Forde
From a poll discussion to a feud flaring up to the unbeaten but unloved, The Dash runs through it all.Story | Conversation | September 22, 2009
Florida Gators QB Tim Tebow involved in an SEC football-style who...Pat Forde
Welcome to a live-action game of Clue, SEC football style. The crime: Who didn't vote for Tim Tebow.Story | Conversation | July 23, 2009
Pat Forde: Dashing through the bowlsPat Forde
Ready to play a little Bowl-der Dash? With the 34-game bowl-season sprint from Washington, D.C., to Miami about to kick off, The Dash picks the winners.Story | Conversation | December 18, 2008
Pat Forde: The DashiesPat Forde
While the BCS continues to provide annual snafus, The Dash is proud to present his annual awards: The Dashies.Story | Conversation | December 02, 2008
Pat Forde: Sower of discordPat Forde
From the wishful thinking for BCS chaos to the Dawgs & Gators to the showdown in Lubbock, the Dash runs through it all.Story | Conversation | October 28, 2008
These schools put the student back in student-athletePat Forde
From real student-athletes to September superlatives to what's ahead in October, the Dash runs through it all.Story | Conversation | September 30, 2008
Happy to be back, The Dash kicks off the seasonPat Forde
Back from Beijing, CTD -- that's Columnist The Dash to you -- runs through it all, from debuts to hot seats to turnovers.Story | Conversation | August 26, 2008
SEC forecast: No repeat for Tebow, Saban scores upsetPat Forde
Pat Forde offers up five predictions for the upcoming SEC season, including the chances of Tim Tebow repeating as Heisman Trophy winner.Story | Conversation | August 06, 2008
Midsummer night's dream reveals puckish prognostications for '08Pat Forde
Notre Dame going bowling. Texas' streak coming to an end. Tommy Bowden breaking into a sweat. JoePa barricading the door. Pat Forde's midsummer night's dream revealed some surprising 2008 predictions.Story | Conversation | June 23, 2008
Sifting through the fans, coaches and games on the trash heapPat Forde
From trashy fans to coaches who could get trashed to blue-blood games in the trash heap, The Dash runs through it all.Story | Conversation | October 16, 2007
Upsets make midseason landscape hard to recognizePat Forde
From upsets to coaches to busts to worst fan reactions to conference calls, The Dash's run through the midseason report has it all.Story | Conversation | October 09, 2007


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Figaro (Denis Sedov), Cherubino (Mika Shigematsu)and Susanna (Sivan Rotem)
©1997 Gary Smith Photo
Check out Seattle Opera's new and improved blog! Updated weekly.
Bring a group to the opera and enjoy big discounts and a free ticket too!
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The gesture, which is not uncommon in Korea, comes as Samsung's earnings guidance falls far below analyst estimates.
Let's crowd-source an answer to this important question, with a special eye toward families with multiple users.
For a limited time, Sprint is luring in customers with trade-in and early termination fee credits.
Ahead of a suspected revamp of its set-top box, Apple includes a $25 iTunes gift card with the purchase of the current incarnation of Apple TV to binge on Oscar movies.
Vodafone has reorganised its 4G tariffs, so you can kiss goodbye to the extra 4GB of data that made Vodafone such an enticing prospect.
Taxi booking app goCatch aims to help minimise weekend violence by offering cabbies a monetary reward for collection from certain areas at certain times.
A Cheapskate exclusive and an awesome gift, the InkFusion comes in a huge assortment of themes and designs -- everything from sports to sci-fi.
Want to know how to get more money for your old tech toys? In this edition of Ask Maggie, CNET's Marguerite Reardon lists some Web sites with great deals this holiday season.
Kind of like a Chromebook, but with Windows 8.1, this is perhaps the best laptop deal I've seen all year.
Sign up for a Vodafone 4G deal by the end of January and you'll get unlimited data for three months, and an extra 4GB per month until your contract's up.


text:
Canon Announces EOS C300, 4K Camcorder, and New Lenses
Jennifer O'Rourke - November 04th, 2011
Jennifer O'Rourke - November 04th, 2011
I am a beginner lyricist and guitarist. I want to pursue song writing, not performing. I'd like to buy a cam that allows me to share the music I've written, and video blog as well. I've looked at the flip video ultra, as it's been recommended for video blogging. What do you think about this cam for recording my songs as well? Do I need a microphone?
My humble thanks!
Y'all probably get this a lot, but I'm new and need help. I've been editing on a small scale for a couple years now and on final cut express for about a year but next year I will be a senior in high school and will be doing an independent film course and I am probably going into film in college so I need a good camera.
As a person who enjoys filming outdoors, especially during severe weather events, and having seen lots of videos on YouTube about severe storms including derechos, downbursts, and even a few tornadoes,I have developed and invented a way that everyone should use to keep all that rain out of their camera while filming, so you don't have to retreat so far back when the rain starts pouring down.
I"ve recently graduated with a film degree from the University of North Texas. Unlike many of my fellow students, I wasn't blessed with the financial ability to buy a camera (or have one purchased for me) upon graduation. SO, I find myself as a director without anything to direct with! I'm looking for a camera (DSLR or otherwise) that would be affordable on a shoestring budget like mine. I can swing from $1000.00 to $1500.00, approximately. A starting kit (body, zoom lens, etc) is all I really need for now. Any suggestions would be appreciated!
I use a Canon XH-A1 to videotape barrel races and need to make it where contestants can view their race from earlier in the day. My problem is that I only have one camera and I'm still using it to film other races that continue throughout the day. I typically have my laptop so I can hook up a different camera to it that uses mini DV tapes but don't want to spend much money. Does anyone have a recommendation for a decent camcorder that uses mini DV tapes I can purchase for this purpose? I saw some tape decks but they were out of my market.
Hi Guys,
I have a camera package for sale. Local pickup in Toronto and cash only. You can test the gear at my place if you want. The craigslist posting is here with a photo (contact me through there please): http://toronto.en.craigslist.ca/tor/pho/2109479345.html . Here is the info:
i am planning to buy the Panasonic AF 101, but i am a little bit confused with the kind of lenses that camera can take and the adaptors i need.
there is anyone that can help me?
I'm the owner of Gamefilm360 and we are a storage/organizer for coach's game films. We are in need of someone who could help the technically-challenged coach's get the video from camera to site. Normally very easy questions, yet I'm not the technical guy either. Most of the work could be done via email, some via phone call...the business is taking off in a big way - could lead to supervisor-type position.
© 2014 Videomaker, Inc. All rights reserved.


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1-8 of 8 properties to rent found
£595 pcm
1 bedroom semi-detached bungalow to rent Bridge Place, Godmanchester
OLIVER JAMES are pleased to present this recently refurbished ONE BEDROOM BUNGALOW to rent. The property is located just over the bridge between Huntingdon and Godmanchester meaning only a short walk to the town centre and Huntingdon train station. More details ›
£675 pcm
2 bedroom terraced house to rent Hudpool, Godmanchester, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE29
A lovely 2 bedroom terrace house available to rent in Godmanchester. It has a modern new kitchen and bathroom and has recently been redecorated throughout. One large double bedroom to the front and single bedroom to the rear. Front and back garden, both low maintenance and the back garden is a More details ›
£1,200 pcm
4 bedroom detached house to rent Comben Drive, Godmanchester, HUNTINGDON, Cambridgeshire
harveyrobinson are delighted to offer 'To Let' this modern 4 bedroom detached home in the popular village of Godmanchester.The property boasts living room, kitchen/diner, utility room, cloakroom, 4 bedrooms with en-suite to master. Enclosed rear garden, single garage and driveway. The property is... More details ›
£540 pcm
1 bedroom terraced house to rent West Street,Godmanchester,Huntingdon,PE29
One bedroom terrace house More details ›
Added on 13/11/2014 by Pennington Properties, Huntingdon. Call: 01480 580052 Local call rate
£415 pcm
Studio flat to rent Godmanchester
HALF PRICE REFERENCING AND FIRST MONTHS RENT HALF PRICE FOR A CHECK-IN BY 5th DECEMBER (other fees may apply). This STUDIO APARTMENT is located at the RIVERSIDE in GODMANCHESTER. Accommodation comprises of living area, kitchen and bathroom. Has the perk of FANTASTIC VIEWS of the River. There is a... More details ›
Reduced on 03/11/2014 by Maxine Lester Residential Lettings, St. Ives. Call: 01480 580063 Local call rate
£1,200 pcm
4 bedroom detached house to rent POST STREET, GODMANCHESTER
THOMAS MORRIS are delighted to offer for RENT this character FOUR BEDROOM DETACHED family home situated within the much sought after town of Godmanchester. Accommodation comprising of reception hall, dining room, study, sitting room, kitchen, utility and cloakroom. Upstairs there are four double ... More details ›
- Photos: 11
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£13,500 pa
Office to rent Godmanchester
OLIVER JAMES are delighted to present this 18th CENTURY, GRADE II LISTED OFFICE SPACE to let. The premises provides 1240 sq ft of office space and includes eight separated office spaces as well as ample storage in the form of a cellar and external storeroom. More details ›
- Photos: 2
- Floorplans: 0
Warehouse to rent Cardinal Park, Cardinal Way, Godmanchester, Huntingdon, PE29
The property itself is situated in a highly VISABLE and PROMINENT location, adjacent to the Godmanchester junction of the A14 linking with the A1198. The property is on the ESTABLISHED Cardinal Park development adjacent to a number of other companies including Comtec Ltd, DHL, Firstan and CDT Ltd. More details ›
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Your information has been sent to 0 out of 6 agents who have property to rent in the area you specified.


text:
Please give the formats for different questions (advertisement ,poster ,invitations ,etc) relating to writing section for CBSE class 12 board exams.
thank you
Asked by Shibani Mishra(student) , on 12/11/11
Become a English expert
Start Now with Video Lessons, Sample Papers, Revision Notes & more for Class-XII-Science - CBSE
Ask a QuestionHave a doubt? Ask our expert and get quick answers.Show me more questions


text:
Mary Ann Linthicum b 3/25/1829 married Stephen Smith b 5/31/1835, and these are my great grandparents. I was born 3/25/1931, 102 years to the day after Mary Ann was born. I assume from what you said that these are your great grandparents also!
One of my relatives sent me this list of Mary Ann's siblings and birth dates. These names agree fairly well with your list. What were you comparing your list with?
Harriett Caroline Linthicum 8/23/1827
Edward Perrell Linthicum ~1832
Charles Masterson Linthicum ~1833
Elizabeth Linthicum ~1835
Hezekiah K Linthicum ~1836
Joseph K Linthicum ~1838
William J Linthicum ~1840
Rachael A Linthicum ~1843
John L Linthicum ~1845
Archibald Linthicum 1849
Randa Linthicum ~1849 (This is probably your Miranda?)
Missouri Virginia Linthicum ~1848
Strite Linthicum ~1853
Notify Administrator about this message?
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Kylie and Kendall Jenner (Plus Nicki Minaj, Usher and More) Pose For New Beats By Dre Ad
Kim Kardashian's younger half-sisters, Kylie and Kendall Jenner, are following in her selfie footsteps in one of the holiday shopping season's...MORE
Angelina Jolie Wants to Learn How to Cook to Be a Better Wife for Brad Pitt
As if being an Oscar-winning actress and a director isn't enough, Angelina Jolie is also looking to hone her skills in... MORE
Angelina Jolie to Quit Acting: 'I've Never Been Comfortable as an Actor'
If all goes according to Angelina Jolie's plan, you will no longer see the 38-year-old actress on the...MORE
Was 2014 the Year the Sexiest Men Alive Got Hitched?
People Magazine will announce this year's "Sexiest Man Alive" tonight and while we eagerly await the big reveal, here's a look at the past cover boys who have settled down since earning... MORE
Pretty Little Liars: Could Aria Be A?! Lucy Hale Spills 'It Would Make Sense'
If you're like us, you're probably anxiously awaiting the Pretty Little Liars...MORE
Stars on Set Photos
Elle Fanning is that you?! An unrecognizable Elle, 16, was snapped on the New York City set of her new film Three Generations on Nov. 10, 2014, in which she plays a transgender teen who is transitioning from female to male. The intense new film also stars Naomi Watts as Elle's mother, and Susan Sarandon as her grandmother. MORE
Perfect Match! Star Couples Who Dress Alike
Does the couple that dresses together, stay together?�That might be Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's secret to wedded bliss. The rapper and reality star stepped out in New York City on Nov. 6, 2014, both wearing Balmain blazers. Kim had fashioned hers into a mini-dress, while Kanye wore his over jeans and super low-cut v-neck.This look must be a family affair. Kim announced on her Instagram that the newlywed's daughter North West also has the blazer.� Check out more his and hers outfits in ET's gallery, and decide for yourself which star couple is the best dressed.MORE
Who Are The Top 5 Tabloid Targets?
Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie, Kim Kardashian, and Jennifer Aniston are just a few of the stars that can't seem to stay off of the tabloid covers for too long. But who leads the pack for the most valued... MORE
Angelina Jolie Talks Marriage: It Feels Different
Newlywed Angelina Jolie has never looked better on the cover of...MORE
Zach Galifianakis Asks Brad Pitt About Jennifer Aniston's 'Friends' on 'Between Two Ferns'
Surprise..... MORE


text:
Mother's Microbes Protect Baby's Brain
November 19, 2014|
Bacteria in the gut of a pregnant mouse strengthen the blood-brain barrier of her developing fetus.
November 19, 2014|
Bacteria in the gut of a pregnant mouse strengthen the blood-brain barrier of her developing fetus.
November 10, 2014|
A comprehensive map of human proteins throughout the body identifies the testes as home to the most unique blend of gene products.
November 7, 2014|
The right mix of mouse embryonic stem cells in a dish will start forming early embryonic patterns, according to two studies.
November 1, 2014|
The recent discovery of super-enhancers may offer new drug targets for a range of diseases.
November 1, 2014|
Glial cells consume mitochondria released by neurons in the optic nerve.
October 27, 2014|
Cellular blebs shed by tumor cells can process short stretches of RNA that go on to induce tumor formation in neighboring cells.
October 14, 2014|
Anticorruption officials have charged a professor at China Agricultural University with misusing government research funds.
October 13, 2014|
Researchers craft hormone-producing pancreas cells from human embryonic stem cells, paving the way for a cell therapy to treat diabetes.
October 9, 2014|
A movie based on the Woo Suk Hwang cloning scandal is popular in South Korea, but the plotline strays from reality.
October 9, 2014|
Mitochondrial mutations inherited from the mother can shorten a mouse's lifespan.


text:
For Sale: LW 3 Speed Shifter
Ad #2405388 Posted:2014-11-24 13:20:40
This ad expires in 23 days.
This shifter utilized the same design and concept as our standard 3,4 & 5 speed shifters but cuts the weight in half of a standard 3 speed.
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This item is USED
Trades NOT ACCEPTED
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Business Information
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The basic principle in repairing retinal detachments is closing the retinal break. An internal tamponade is a material suitable for intraocular use which is used to directly close a retinal break. A scleral buckle is a flexible device which can conform to and allow movement of the sclera. A new method to treat retinal detachment is to combine usage of a magnetic fluid tamponade with a magnetized flexible scleral buckle, which effects tamponade of the retina without interfering with vision. A substantial percentage of complicated retinal detachments currently go on to blindness despite multiple attempts at surgical intervention because of our inability to tamponade retinal breaks in certain locations. In a cross-sectional view of the eye, the retina and choroids sit on the sclera. Each break in the retina therefore sits on a specific location on the sclera. The magnetic scleral buckle (msb) is positioned on the exterior aspect of the sclera at the location of the retinal break, employing the msb's trans-scleral magnetic field, and magnetically attracts the silicone magnetic fluid to the retinal break. This system of silicone magnetic fluid and magnetized scleral buckle can thus tamponade retinal breaks wherever they occur.
1. A scleral buckle for treating a detached retina in an eye comprising:
a flexible biocompatible band dimensioned to fit around said eye;
wherein said buckle comprises magnetic particles.
2. The buckle of
3. The buckle of
4. The buckle of
This application is a division of Ser. No. 09/075,698 filed May 11, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,135,118 which is based on U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/046,171, filed May 12, 1997, incorporated herein by reference in full.
This invention relates to methods for treating disorders using a magnetic fluid. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for treating a detached retina using a magnetic fluid in combination with a magnetized scleral buckle, and to methods for directing delivery of a compound by using a magnetic fluid carrier.
The mammalian eye comprises two chambers. The anterior chamber is bounded by the cornea and lens, and contains the aqueous humor. The volume behind the lens contains the vitreous humor, with the retina attached to the back wall of the eye. The retinal layer is not firmly attached to the eye, and can become detached, resulting in eventual death of the retina and loss of vision. The retina may detach along an edge, e.g. as the result of traumna, or as the result of a tear allowing fluid to leak underneath the retina and separate the retina from the underlying choroid. Retinal detachment can be treated by means of a scleral buckle, a silicone band that encircles the eye and compresses the wall of the eye inward against the retina. Alternatively, the vitreous humor may be replaced in whole or in part with a tamponade, a heavy liquid or gas intended to flatten the retina against the choroid.
Currently used internal tamponades (SF6, C3F8, silicone oil) float up, leaving the inferior retina unprotected, or sink down (fluorosilicone), leaving the superior retina unprotected. Current tamponades also fill the vitreous cavity, decreasing vision, and contact anterior chamber structures, causing cataract and glaucoma.
A new method for treating retinal detachment is provided, combining use of a magnetic fluid tamponade with a magnetized scleral buckle, which effects tamponade of the retinal margin without interfering with vision.
One aspect of the invention is a method for treating retinal detachment, by administering to the vitreal chamber a sufficient amount of a magnetic fluid, and applying a magnetized scleral buckle to the eye.
Another aspect of the invention is a magnetic fluid tamponade suitable for use in the eye.
Another aspect of the invention is a magnetized scleral buckle suitable for use in the method of the invention.
Another aspect of the invention is a method for delivering a compound to a relatively inaccessible location, by combining the compound with a magnetic fluid, administering the resulting composition at an accessible location, and directing the composition to the relatively inaccessible location by magnetic attraction.
One object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for effecting a retinal tamponade along the periphery of the retina, without contacting the lens or anterior chamber structures, or obstructing the vitreous cavity.
Another object of the invention is to provide a means for shielding the macula from radiation retinopathy.
Another object of the invention is to provide for local delivery of intraocular chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic agents.
Another object of the invention is to provide a stable magnetic silicone fluid.
Another object of the invention is to provide a magnetized scleral buckle.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an eye having a magnetized scleral buckle and a magnetic fluid tamponade.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an eye having a magnetized exoplant and magnetic fluid.
The term �magnetic fluid� as used herein refers to a biocompatible liquid having magnetic particles dispersed throughout. Magnetic fluids can be manipulated using magnetic fields.
The term �biocompatible� refers to materials which do not cause undue inflammation or injury when in extended contact with living tissue.
The term �effective amount� as used herein refers to an amount of magnetic fluid sufficient to hold a detached retina in place. In general, an effective amount will be the amount necessary to form a ring around the inside of the vitreal chamber having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, and a width of about 1 to about 7 mm.
The term �cross-linkable polymer� refers to a flexible plastic polymer which can be rendered rigid by addition of a crosslinking agent or catalyst.
The term �magnetic particles� refers to metallic particles that are attracted to magnetic fields.
The term �relatively inaccessible location� refers to a site within the body that is difficult to directly access through standard surgical techniques without undue or unacceptable damage to surround tissue. Examples of relatively inaccessible locations include intracranial regions and intraocular sites, where surgical access can carry the risk of brain damage or loss of vision.
The term �exoplant� or �localized scleral exoplant� refers to a generally flat patch that is sutured or adhered to the outer surface of the eye.
General Method
Magnetic fluids useful in the invention are preferably biocompatible. Thus, the magnetic fluid preferably comprises a non-toxic polymer carrier, such as a fluid dimethylsiloxane, hydrogel or the like. The fluid may further comprise surfactants and/or dispersing agents to stabilize the combination of polymer and magnetic particles. A presently preferred stabilizer is a block polymer having a central block of poly(3-cyanopropyl)methylsiloxane flanked by blocks of polydimethylsiloxane. Block copolymers are often more efficient than homopolymers as dispersion stabilizers. The stabilizer comprises �anchor� blocks which strongly absorb onto the magnetic particle surface, and �tail� blocks which protrude into the medium. Triblock copolymers are preferred having a poly(3-cyanopropyl)methylsiloxane (PCPMS) �anchor� block flanked by two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) �tail� blocks. Approximately equal volumes of stabilizer and magnetic particles are used, and typically together constitute about 2% to about 50% of the volume of the magnetic fluid, preferably about 5% to about 30%, most preferably about 10% by volume. The ratio of stabilizer to magnetic particles is from about 1:10 to about 10:1, preferably from about 3:5 to about 5:3, most preferably about 1:1 by volume. The remainder of the magnetic fluid comprises the non-toxic biocompatible carrier, and optionally other stabilizers and preservatives.
The block copolymer stabilizers are made according to the method described in Li et al., �Polydimethylsiloxane-b-Poly(3-cyanopropyl) methylsiloxane-b-Polydimethylsiloxane Triblock Suspension Stabilizers�, Polymer Preprints, August, 1996, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The magnetic particles are any ferromagnetic element or compound, including without limitation Fe, Ni, Co, Fe2O3, Neodymium, Samarium, and the like, and are preferably about 2-10 nm in maximum diameter. The medium is a polyalkylsiloxane, such as polydimethylsiloxane.
The amount of stabilizer used will depend upon the concentration of magnetic particles required to hold the tamponade in place with a magnetized scleral buckle of given magnetic strength. This may be determined empirically by those of ordinary skill.
The stabilizer, comprising an anchor block which binds to metal and two tail blocks which are compatible with silicone fluid, is used to suspend magnetic particles in silicone fluid. The anchor blocks of poly(3-cyanopropyl)methylsiloxane (PCPMS) with reactive cyano end groups are prepared using an anionic redistribution reaction of cyclic monomers. Li et al., supra. The stabilizer having a PCPMS anchor block flanked by two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tail blocks are formed using lithium silanolate terminated PCPMS to polymerize hexamethyltrisiloxane. Li et al., supra
γ-Fe2O3 powder (or other magnetic particles) is dispersed in silicone monomer containing minor amounts of the triblock stabilizers with ultrasonification.
While not being bound to a theory, it is believed that the stabilizer produces a stable colloidal suspension because:
1. The block copolymers are strongly absorbed onto the metal surface via the central cyano-containing PCPMS �anchor� block.
2. The �tail� blocks of PDMS extend into the PDMS medium. In close proximity, the mutual repulsion of these tails causes them to extend as far as possible into the medium.
3. The particles tend not to coagulate because approach of the particle�stabilizer complexes causes an unfavored decrease in entropy.
4. Also, coagulation of the particles requires desorption or lateral surface movement of the stabilizers which is an unfavored energy requirement.
The scleral buckle comprises a flexible biocompatible material, suitable for application to the sclera. The buckle is preferably a flexible silicone band, dimensioned to fit snugly around the eye and gently compress the eye so that the inner surface of the vitreal chamber is urged into contact with the periphery of the retina. The buckle is preferably fabricated by combining medical grade siloxane with magnetic particles (as described above for the magnetic fluid) prior to cross-linking or curing. Buckles can be provided in the form of strips or rings, generally as a relatively flat band. Rings are provided in a plurality of different diameters, to accommodate eyes of different sizes. Strips can be provided in any length, and cut to fit at the time of application, followed by connecting the ends of the strip. Strips and rings are preferably cast in their final form. Scleral exoplants or patches are formed in the same way, and can optionally be provided with positioning straps.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an eye 101 having cornea 102, lens 103, choroid 104, retina 105, vitreal chamber 107, magnetic scleral buckle 106 and magnetic fluid 110 of the invention. In the practice of the invention, a subject is generally first diagnosed as having retinal detachment. The method of the invention is particularly suited for treating holes along the periphery of the retina 109. The eye is first subjected to a partial or total vitrectomy (removal of part or all of the vitreous humor) by surgical methods. The magnetic fluid is applied, for example using a syringe, and the magnetic scleral buckle 106 is positioned immobilized in place, generally by suture or adhesive. The scleral buckle attracts the magnetic fluid 110 to an annular position inside the eye, closest to the retinal periphery 109.
Detachments in other regions of the retina can also be treated, by positioning the scleral buckle over the detached region, or by applying a magnetized exoplant. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an eye 200 having a magnetic fluid tamponade 202 held in place by a magnetized exoplant 201. The exoplant 201 can be fixed in place using adhesive, sutures, and/or positioning bands 203. The localized exoplant is also suitable for treating intraocular tumors, when used in combination with a magnetic fluid 202 containing a chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic agent. Further, one can employ an exoplant to shield the macula from radiation damage during cancer treatment by applying an exoplant to the sclera such that magnetic fluid injected into the vitreous chamber covers the macula. The magnetic fluid partially shields the macula from the effects of radiation, which may otherwise lead to radiation retinopathy. The exoplant and fluid can be removed at the conclusion of treatment.
An encircling magnetized scleral buckle and magnetic fluid produces a 360 degree ring of magnetic fluid in apposition to the retinal periphery. Furthermore, the central vitreous cavity is free of magnetic fluid, and there is no contact between the magnetic fluid and the lens, anterior chamber structures, and macula.
Neodymium/iron particles are dispersed in polysiloxanes with acetoxy functional groups which condense in the presence of atmospheric moisture at low temperature to yield crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane elastomers. These are molded in an appropriate configuration for scleral buckling elements, having about 10% by volume magnetic particles.
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Referenced by
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What you say:
A new rugby season needs new plans and drills and Sportplan is certainly going to me with that.
United Kingdom
via Rugby Facebook Page.
Warm up drills in rugby are important because they get your players' muscles ready for exercise and help to reduce the risk of injury. They're also a great way to mentally switch on players and to get them ready for the demands of training sessions or a match.
The rugby warm up drills, games and videos below will boost your players' handling, game-awareness, fitness and agility skills while also sharpening their ball skills and movement off the ball. Use these rugby practices to bring new ideas to your warm up and cool down routines today.


text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.comments2014-11-18T16:02:41.896-05:00The Confrontation BlogRichard D. Friedmanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-48580473114479577662014-11-18T16:02:41.896-05:002014-11-18T16:02:41.896-05:00FWIW in my view Paul both takes a much to narrow v...FWIW in my view Paul both takes a much to narrow view of what constitutes state action and also what constitutes coercion.

Professor Friedman is correct that putting someone on the witness stand is pure state action. Properly understood, it is the action of the Judaical power of the sate and not its Executive power; the prosecution demands that the witness appear via a subpena, it is the judiciary that compels the appearance. However, from the viewpoint of the defendant this distinction matters not one whit and the Confrontation right is designed to protect the accused, not the Executive power.

But even if one doesn't swallow that line of thinking the teachers in this case were still witness against Clark, even by the definition put forth by Akhil Amar in the paper Paul cites. Amar claims that a action becomes state action when the government "appears on the scene". The mistake Paul makes is to limit this statement to the /physical/ appearance of the government. The government did appear on the scene in Clark through the legislative function when it mandated reporting. To be sure, once again, the state did not appear on the scene in the form of the Executive power but this is not relevant. For Confrontation Clause purposes it should not matter which branch of government is doing the coercing.

I recognize that there is a way that this seems somewhat unfair. The Executive is bearing the cost for something it had nothing to do with. But the Executive power doesn't lie isolated and distinct--The Executive is merely the representative of the people at the court and it is the collective will of the people, in whatever structural form it takes, that the Confrontation right is designed to email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-78630143648171650142014-10-30T11:05:48.325-04:002014-10-30T11:05:48.325-04:00I think the discussion about whether a child is a ...I think the discussion about whether a child is a witness, quasi-witness, or non-witness missing the point. Criminal defendants have a constitutional right to a fair trial. For example,under Brady, the prosecution violates a defendant's right to due process by failing to disclose material evidence that is favorable to the defense, regardless of a lack of bad-faith. It is a due process violation, not because this situation is explicitly addressed in the constitution, but because it is contrary to fundamental notions of fairness embodied by the right to due process. As such, there is no reason why the Court could not conclude that those same notions of fundamental fairness require a defendant be given an opportunity to examine a child "witness" outside of court as the professor suggests. (I'm not saying the Court will so hold; I'm just saying that the analytical framework and precedent for such a holding is well established). Whether or not the child is a witness for purposes of the CC is, as the prof might say, orthogonal to this point. email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-64728097013328958362014-10-29T17:41:45.623-04:002014-10-29T17:41:45.623-04:00I'll make a quick response to this anonymous p...I'll make a quick response to this anonymous posting.

Obviously, the Constitution does not speak of a quasi-witness. That's our term, meant to express the particular situation governing the child. Nothing in our argument depends on the term we use.

(1) Some very young children, we argue, are not capable of being witnesses within the meaning of the Confrontation Clause. If that is right, then the Clause just does not apply to them and does not in itself constrain the state.

(2) But despite the fact that (by hypothesis) the child is not a witness, the child may be a potential source of valuable evidence for the prosecution. (That's why we use the term quasi-witness, but ignore it if you don't like it.) There are lots of sources of evidence that are not witnesses and to which the Confrontation Clause does not apply.

Of course, I agree with the commenter that the state does not have aright to make a case and that its ability to do so is constrained by the Constitution. I don't believe that the Confrontation Clause applies to some very young children, but other constraints do. And I think the state should be constrained in much the same way that numerous courts have held the state is constrained in using evidence from non-human sources -- by a requirement that the accused have a right of examination through a non-human expert.

Really, the only thing that is novel about our argument is the idea that some very young children ought to be treated by the model that governs non-human sources of evidence, rather than by the one that governs adult witnesses. I believe that this is correct as a matter of principle. And the practical benefits are enormous.Richard D. Friedmanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-15150675881819816862014-10-29T16:53:00.482-04:002014-10-29T16:53:00.482-04:00There is no provision in the Constitution for a &q...There is no provision in the Constitution for a "quasi-witness". The Confrontation clause speaks of "witness" not a "quasi-witness". So either the child is a witness or they are not--it's binary. If they are not, then the evidence needs to be suppressed. More fundamentally, what bothers me about the Professors post is its implicit assumption that the State has a right to make a case; it doesn't. It has the power to make a case and that power is limited by the Constitution. It may very well be that some cases as simply not prosecutable because the only relevant evidence is from a child. Tough. That's the breaks. I resent the notion that it is OK mangle and manipulate the Constitution into unrecognizable shapes "for the sake of the children". email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-44244409370648369752014-10-28T22:52:51.379-04:002014-10-28T22:52:51.379-04:00Professor Friedman, Thank you for the kind words...Professor Friedman,

Thank you for the kind words. Although I am not sure that being described as a "very resourceful," "wrong-headed" person was intended as flattery. Perhaps "well intentioned, but misguided" would have softened the blow.

All kidding aside, thank you for allowing me to participate on your blog despite my critical analysis of your conception of the confrontation right. And, yes, I have read almost everything that you (as well as other esteemed academics) have written regarding confrontation. In so doing it wasn't my intent to be "scary" in the (academic) stalker sense. I just want to ensure that when I speak (or write) about a particular legal issue that I have given great consideration to the opinions of others, especially when those holding contrary views are as preeminent in their field as are you when it comes to evidence law in general and the Confrontation Clause in particular.

Regards,

Paul

P.S. Since you are going to refrain from commenting on the Clark case, perhaps you can convince some of your AALS Evidence Section/LISTSERV colleagues to be guest commenters in your absence?

 firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-12711918040744413302014-10-28T16:42:32.878-04:002014-10-28T16:42:32.878-04:00I think I won't add to this particular exchang...I think I won't add to this particular exchange by commenting substantively on Paul's comment. But I'll use Brian's comment as an opportunity to say how much I do value and enjoy Paul's participation in this blog. He is indeed very resourceful -- though I sometimes do find his arguments wrong-headed I know they will be powerfully argued, and based on deep knowledge of the case law and academic literature. He seems to have read everything I've ever written, at least on confrontation. It's a little scary, actually!Richard D. Friedmanhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-23749905408157443452014-10-28T14:01:41.927-04:002014-10-28T14:01:41.927-04:00I'm going to limit my comments on this subject...I'm going to limit my comments on this subject on the blog; I expect to put in an amicus brief making the argument that there is a due process right to have an examination of the sort I am suggesting. I don't think this is novel or adventurous, once one accepts the premise that the child is not capable of being a witness (which the trial court held in Clark) and so should not be treated the way adults are. Numerous cases have spoken of a defendant's constitutional right in some circumstances to examine physical evidence through an expert. A leading case is Barnard v. Henderson, 514 F.2d 744 (5th Cir. 1975), which said, "The question is not one of discovery but rather the defendant's right to the means necessary to conduct his defense. . . . Fundamental fairness is violated when a criminal defendant on trial for his liberty is denied the opportunity to have an expert of his choosing, bound by appropriate safeguards imposed by the Court, examine a piece of critical evidence whose nature is subject to varying expert opinion." The child is a physical source of evidence that, in the prosecution's view, responded in a given way to a particular stimulus (told the truth when asked a question about what happened). If the speaker were an adult, the defense's opportunity to test whether that is right would have been cross-examination in open court. That isn't possible, or appropriate, or adequate, in this circumstance. But the defense has to have some ability to examine the child and test the stimulus-response relationship that the prosecution claims.Richard D. Friedmanhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-5362397829153817152014-10-28T13:44:20.631-04:002014-10-28T13:44:20.631-04:00Thanks for your comments, Paul and Professor Fried...Thanks for your comments, Paul and Professor Friedman. I enjoyed this exchange and appreciate that you two (it seems) have a working relationship despite disagreeing. That's rather rare, especially in all things internet-related.Brian firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-68982996123422069272014-10-28T13:26:33.437-04:002014-10-28T13:26:33.437-04:00This is an interesting idea. I like the idea of a ...This is an interesting idea. I like the idea of a right to examination, though I don't know that I'd go the route of saying the child is not a witness within the meaning of the Clause. I need to consider that idea further.

You could argue instead that the Confrontation Clause provides rights other than literal cross-examination. The difficulty, as Paul and Anonymous at 11:27 noted, is that I doubt many of the current justices would get behind that idea.Brian firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-35154829299276793272014-10-28T11:27:02.824-04:002014-10-28T11:27:02.824-04:00I tend to agree with Paul. Regardless of the merit...I tend to agree with Paul. Regardless of the merits of the prof's proposal, in order to adopted it, the Court would have to expand a criminal defendant's constitutional right to discovery well beyond Brady. While I could see Ginsburg and, maybe, Sotomayor and Kagan, accepting the idea that a child witness is a unique situation requiring specially tailored procedures to protect a defendant's due process right to a fair trial, I can't imagine any other justice getting on board with firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-9983336198563825492014-10-27T19:40:30.620-04:002014-10-27T19:40:30.620-04:00If the very young child is not a "witness&quo...If the very young child is not a "witness" within the meaning of the CC, what provision of the Constitution would provide the
defendant with a right to examine the child before trial?

I have no problem with this proposal. However, I believe that any such right, like any nonconstitutional evidentiary issue, is a matter governed exclusively by respective state constitutions and state and
federal evidence law -- not the federal constitution.

Also, if a very young child is a source of evidence in the same way that a bloodhound (who leads the cops to the defendant carrying the victim's belongings) is a source of evidence, why should a defendant be permitted (by evidence law) to examine the child before trial when, in the case of the bloodhound, he has no such right?

Interesting concept, but absolutely no chance of it being accepted as a matter of federal constitutional law by a single firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-18928001186133555222014-10-27T14:34:04.049-04:002014-10-27T14:34:04.049-04:00With respect to the Raleigh case, consider the fol...With respect to the Raleigh case, consider the following:

There was a clear, unmistakable, causal connection between Cobham's accusatory hearsay and state action. The Crown extracted the words from Cobham's mouth while he was in custody and himself accused of conspiring to kill the King. Given these circumstances, it is easy to see why the government's using his accusation to convict Raleigh without affording Raleigh a right of confrontation would be such an affront and would have motivated the Framers to include the Confrontation Clause in the Bill of Rights. Cobham clearly became a "witness against" Raleigh only because of the involvement of the Crown in producing his accusation.

Now let's contrast Cobham's government-generated accusation to the hearsay from a private person anonymous gentleman (accusing Raleigh of conspiring to cut the King's throat) made to another private person -- a boat pilot by the name of Dyer -- without any government involvement.

At his trial, Raleigh argued that he was being denied his right to confront Cobham. But he never raised a confrontation objection to the admission of the accusation of the private person/anonymous gentleman. Rather, the sole objection to Dyer's repeating that accusation was based upon its lack of reliability.

Professor Friedman himself acknowledges that the Confrontation Clause was not intended to exclude unreliable hearsay (such as the anonymous accusation). Rather, he contends that it was designed to deem hearsay declarants such as Cobham as "witnesses against." (See, Friedman, Richard D., The Mold That Shapes Hearsay Law, 66 Fla.L.Rev. 433 (2014).)

I agree with Professor Friedman that Cobham was a "witness against" Raleigh within the meaning of the Confrontation Clause. And I agree with him that the anonymous gentleman was not a "witness against" within the meaning of the Confrontation Clause. Where we part company is the reason why Cobham's hearsay is barred by the Confrontation Clause, but the anonymous gentleman's accusation is not.

Cobham's accusation was the direct result of coercive government conduct designed to accuse a targeted person (Raleigh) of a crime. Cobahm's accusation was not the product of his own free will, but was tainted by coercive government action (similar to the coercion prohibited by the Fifth Amendment).

In contrast, the anonymous gentleman's voluntary private party accusation made to another private party/Dyer bore no connection to any government influence. It was the the product of his own free will untainted by any conduct on the part of the Crown or its agents.

Whether or not the Raleigh case was "atypical" of prosecutions of the pre-Revolutionary era, as Professor Friedman contends, is beside the point. There is virtually unanimous agreement that Raleigh's case served as the basis for the inclusion of the Confrontation Clause in the Bill of Rights. And a careful examination of the hearsay evidence that was admitted at that trial, and Raleigh's objections to such admission, reasonably establishes that only hearsay that bears a causal connection to some conduct on the part of the government is within the scope of the clause. (This argument is in addition to the "incorporation" argument that I set forth previously on this blog.)

Clark will provide the Court an opportunity to reexamine the "history" (set forth in the Crawford majority and dissenting opinions as well as discussed in post-Crawford academic writings). This history, in particular Raleigh's case, I contend requires state action (as one of several elements) before hearsay will fall within the scope of the Confrontation Clause.

firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-52471797189987242322014-10-27T13:19:26.713-04:002014-10-27T13:19:26.713-04:00True, the Court has not yet definitively decided i...True, the Court has not yet definitively decided if state action is required before hearsay can be barred from introduction at a criminal trial by the Confrontation Clause. And, assuming some form of state action is necessary, what the defendant is required to establish.

And, yes, Connelly does not directly answer these questions. But it is one in a very long line of Supreme Court cases establishing state action as a fundamental component limiting the scope of constitutional protections.

As Yale Law School Professor Akhil Amar has stated: "Professor Friedman's ... clever argument sidesteps a powerful counterargument rooted in a basic principle of constitutional structure: the Constitution is mainly addressed to state action." (See, Amar, Akhil Reed, Confrontation Clause First Principles: A Reply To Professor Friedman, 86 Geo. L.J. 1045, 1048 (1998); see, also, Daniel B. Shanes, Confronting Testimonial Hearsay: Understanding The New Confrontation Clause, 40 Loy.U.Chi.L.J. 879, 900-901, 909 (2009).)

Let's assume that teachers who questioned the child in Clark were not state actors (simply because they were mandated reporters). And let's assume further that the three year old child's accusatory hearsay statement was patently unreliable (because, among other things, the state trial court found that he was incompetent to testify). It is clear under the Court's holding in Perry v. New Hampshire, 132 S.Ct. 716 (2012), that the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause could not serve as a bar to the admission of the hearsay in a state court because (and this is critical) there was no causal connection between the child's hearsay accusation and any "state action." And, according to the Perry decision (echoing the Connelly decision which is cited at page 726), a state court's admission of the accusatory hearsay into evidence does not, by itself, constitute "state action" required to trigger application of the Due Process Clause.

If, based upon the above hypothetical, Clark could not rely on the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause to exclude the child's hearsay accusation how can he conceivably rely upon the Sixth Amendment's Confrontation Clause given the indisputable fact that the later applies to the states only because of the former?

As I have previously stated, the Confrontation Clause (just like the Due Process Clause in Perry) can't serve as a bar to the admission of hearsay unless the defendant seeking exclusion establishes a sufficient causal connection between the hearsay and some conduct, some action, on the part of the state government.

In Clark, given that the teachers were not state actors when they questioned the child (i.e., their conduct in questioning the child is not "fairly attributable" to the state because of Ohio's mandatory reporting law), the Confrontation Clause is inapplicable, regardless of whether the hearsay consists of an unreliable accusation.

One last point: If the admission of the child's unreliable accusation would "shock the conscience" the defendant might have a substantive due process right to seek its exclusion. But any such extreme circumstances (i.e., a private person nonstate actor obtains the hearsay evidence from another private person nonstate actor by means of torture) do not exist in Clark.

The private person/child's statement to the private person/teachers is, like the private person hearsay in Dutton and White, not covered by the Confrontation Clause (or, according to Perry, the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause).

We shall firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-6773040594899472212014-10-26T19:15:10.887-04:002014-10-26T19:15:10.887-04:00The 1A (when read together with the due process cl...The 1A (when read together with the due process clauses) only prohibits the state/government from depriving a
person of their claimed right to speak or assemble. If a purely private person is solely responsible for any such deprivation, the 1A is firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-36730544476431851802014-10-26T19:04:06.974-04:002014-10-26T19:04:06.974-04:00Anonymous @ 6:06 PM, Take the 6A right to a speed...Anonymous @ 6:06 PM,

Take the 6A right to a speedy trial. If, after the state charged a defendant with a felony, the defendant was kidnapped by a nonstate actor and held against his will for a decade before escaping from his captors, the requisite state action would be absent should the defendant assert that his 6A right to a speedy trial was violated. Or, stated differently, the 6A's speedy trial guarantee, like the 6A's confrontation guarantee, requires state action. And as the Connelly case holds (albeit in the context of due process) a trial court's admitting the contested evidence does not, by itself, constitute the requisite state action.

The entire state action concept depends upon who is responsible for the alleged constitutional deprivation. In my opinion, history establishes that the CC was only intended to apply where the state/government (or their agent) was responsible for creating/eliciting/generating/producing the hearsay. That same history (in particular Raleigh's Trial) establishes that the deprivation consists of the creation of the hearsay by the state/government and its use at trial against an accused. Both creation and use are necessary to trigger application of the CC. Use without state/government creation (of the hearsay) is, like Connelly holds, insufficient to trigger constitutional email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-79838676719738920502014-10-26T18:11:28.999-04:002014-10-26T18:11:28.999-04:00Oh, and nevermind the First Amendment question. Th...Oh, and nevermind the First Amendment question. That occurred to me as soon as I hit post (declarative action in the resolution).email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-75207711743674486832014-10-26T18:06:20.252-04:002014-10-26T18:06:20.252-04:00Paul, I'm interested in how your state action ...Paul, I'm interested in how your state action requirement theory addresses the rest of the incorporated rights. Where is the state action when a court deprives someone of a jury trial or of counsel and when courts resolve religious disputes by interpreting doctrinal differences? Also, I appreciate the cite to Colorado v. Connelly, but assuming you meant the Cf. signal you used, do you perhaps have any other authority for that claim that isn't tangential? I would like to read it if email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-6563214980057228952014-10-21T01:22:03.465-04:002014-10-21T01:22:03.465-04:00The article you have shared here very awesome. I r...The article you have shared here very awesome. I really like and appreciated your work. I read deeply your article, the points you have mentioned in this article are useful. I must try to follow these points and also share others. yepi onlinehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-28304165855675637822014-10-21T01:20:39.014-04:002014-10-21T01:20:39.014-04:00The article you have shared here very awesome. I r...The article you have shared here very awesome. I really like and appreciated your work. I read deeply your article, the points you have mentioned in this article are useful. I must try to follow these points and also share others. yepi onlinehttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-41333547843162004842014-10-21T01:19:12.931-04:002014-10-21T01:19:12.931-04:00The article you have shared here very awesome. I r...The article you have shared here very awesome. I really like and appreciated your work. I read deeply your article, the points you have mentioned in this article are useful. I must try to follow these points and also share others. yepi onlinehttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-24389661371706531562014-10-20T14:32:28.244-04:002014-10-20T14:32:28.244-04:00@Anonymous @ 11:23 PM Thank you for you pointed c...@Anonymous @ 11:23 PM

Thank you for you pointed comments.

It should also be noted that in Williams none of the parties argued that a hearsay declarant is a "witness against" (within the meaning of the CC) only if the primary purpose of the questioning (by a state actor) was to accuse a "targeted" person of a crime. This was the test set forth by Justice Alito writing on behalf of the four dissenters. Justice Kagan asked where Alito came up with this formulation? The partial answer was, yours truly. (If interested, type the word "targeted" into the search box on this blog, for more details.)

I would also note that Isssue # 1 (in the cert. grant) should have been phrased differently. Instead of reading "Whether an individual's obligation to report suspected child abuse makes that individual an agent of law enforcement for purposes of the Confrontation Clause." The phrase "an agent of law enforcement" should be replaced by the broader, more encompassing, phrase "a state actor."

Based on agency principles, the Court can easily conclude that the teachers who questioned the injured child were not "agents of law enforcement" simply because they were mandatory reporters (under Ohio law). But that only begs the key question: Were they "state actors" at the time they questioned the child given the state-imposed duty to report suspected child abuse. A person can be a "state actor" without also being "an agent of law enforcement." The former category is what matters for CC purposes.

And, as I stated in prior comments, the teachers were not state actors because, inter alia, their action in questioning the child isn't "fairly attributable" to the state of Ohio. Rather, as teachers in loco parentis with the child, they had an independent, overriding/primary duty to find out how the child's injuries occurred, regardless of the mandatory reporting firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-75487668811912046252014-10-20T11:23:48.432-04:002014-10-20T11:23:48.432-04:00@Anonymous @ 3:11 PM Just because neither the OSC...@Anonymous @ 3:11 PM

Just because neither the OSC nor Ohio raised the argument promoted by Paul does not mean the argument will not carry the day. For example, In Williams v. Illinois, Alito concluded the trier of fact did not have to consider DNA report in question for its truth in order to credit the testifying expert's opinion of a match because the source of the DNA profile matched to the defendant's was established through circumstantial evidence. The Illinois Supreme Court's opinion did not hint at such a basis for its ruling, and Illinois never raised such an argument either before SCOTUS or in the state courts. Rather, the argument was raised for the first time by the U.S. Solicitor General in its SCOTUS brief. firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-88214970668571597132014-10-19T09:15:55.792-04:002014-10-19T09:15:55.792-04:00Thanks for the info! Is there a way I can tell my ...Thanks for the info! Is there a way I can tell my people about this post
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http://www.yepi3game.comyepi3http://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-73532813435729350472014-10-17T15:11:52.855-04:002014-10-17T15:11:52.855-04:00@paul. Obviously the OSC felt it had "adequ...@paul.

Obviously the OSC felt it had "adequate and independent state grounds" otherwise it wouldn't have ruled the way it did. In fact, the court specially says that it is holding that the Ohio state legislature /intended/ the teachers to become state actors. If interpreting the legislature's intention regarding its own laws isn't an independent ground then no state court ruling would be safe because interpreting the law of the state is precisely what state courts do all the time. And again, your point is not even raised by the dissent--the dissent simply disagrees with the holding, it never claims it is inadequate.

Honestly, at this point I think you're just fishing for bites. Not even the cert petition by Ohio tries to make your claim. Maybe the merits briefs will but until those briefs are in and I can evaluate their logic I'm done commenting regarding question one. email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-9532013.post-41150412565361041312014-10-17T13:01:42.634-04:002014-10-17T13:01:42.634-04:00@ Anonymous @ 2:09 AM 1. The OSC's opinion is...@ Anonymous @ 2:09 AM

1. The OSC's opinion is not supported by adequate and independent state grounds regarding either issue upon cert. was granted; and

2. AEDPA is firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
This is a quest that can begin many ways after finding the Book of Seven Keys. You can find the Book in many locations, the easiest is right in front of Breezehome in Whiterun.
You will be asked to first find the Dungeon I have created, after that, you will notice there are a few chests in that dungeon. Read the Book of Seven Keys to learn what you have to do to succeed in opening these boxes.
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- Use the Curse Client! It will do it for you.
- Remove the Sevenkeys.ESP from your Data folder.
- 6 comments
Floreed Nov 24, 2014 at 07:05 UTC - 0 likes
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tomurph Feb 18, 2012 at 20:13 UTC - 0 likes
Killing me here! Figured out the anagram on the first page. But not finding the object. Looked all around what would be logical two places. In the city and near the city. But stumped. Any bone thrown would be appreciated. Did stumble on one of the other objects so mod seems to be working great.
Forgive my vagueness, trying not to give away too much.
riocc Jan 26, 2012 at 12:48 UTC - 0 likes
Hey... great quest... got all but the Key of Greed... can't figure out the first word... doyls? loyds? can't get any sense out of that... English is my second mother tongue, but still not that versatile... could you give a hint? also, been at it for 2h, can't find the sewers... was in every deep place in whiterun... (even ran around the whole outside to see if there's an entrance there somewhere) hint here too?
thx, great work...Last edited Jan 26, 2012 by riocc
- 6 comments
- Date created
- Jan 26, 2012
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The author cut his teeth as a web developer building dynamic web sites, but more and more lately he's finding that he doesn't need to do as much on the server. In fact, sometimes he doesn't need a back end server at all. Recently, he decided to try converting a dynamic website to static using the Harp framework.
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Posted by alecn |
Oct 28 2013 / 13:17


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why so many people are eating like pigs.
And why haven't more and more people realize that when the eat junk foods it delivers deadly consequences.
Energy drinks are worse tha you think.
Warning our children and protecting them for those fancy soda ads.
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It's good to talk.


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- Forum: Food & Cooking
- Thread: Beef stew with what I have
Hey - it's all good and we're all good cooks - if we weren't our grocery bills would be a lot smaller. I try to learn something new just 'bout every day and that keeps it interesting. Thank you for your aspect on it I like your posts man.