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text:
The fabrication of activated carbon based supercapacitors. In particular, a monolithic activated carbon plate or honeycomb electrodes (4, 6 and 8) made by extrusion, molding, or casting is described. The carbon monolithic plates or honeycombs are fabricated from synthetic carbon precursor and active ingredient leading to superior electrical properties.
1. A monolithic high surface area activated carbon electrode characterized by having an apparent density in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm3, and flexural strength of at least 50 psi, wherein said continuous activated carbon structure is produced in-situ.
2. A double layer capacitor cell having a first and a second electrode, characterized in that at least one of said electrodes comprises a monolithic activated carbon structure.
3. The double layer capacitor cell of claim 2, wherein the cell is a honeycomb structure having a plurality of cell walls defining a plurality of cells.
4. The double layer capacitor cell of claim 3, wherein the cell walls comprise the first electrode.
5. The double layer capacitor cell of claim 4, wherein the cells contain material which comprise the second electrode.
6. A high surface area activated carbon electrode device formed by a process comprising:
(a) preparing a composition comprising cross-linkable resin, a filler, and a binder;
(b) forming the composition into a shaped article;
(c) curing the article;
(d) carbonizing the article; and
(e) activating the article to form an activated carbon electrode.
7. The activated carbon electrode of claim 6, wherein the composition comprises 50-90 wt. % resin, 10-50 wt. % filler.
8. The activated carbon electrode of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises 50-75 wt. % resin, 25-45 wt. % filler, and 2-10 wt. % binder.
9. The activated carbon electrode of claims 7 or 8, further comprising at least one processing aid selected from the group consisting of lubricant, molding agent, and acid.
10. The activated carbon electrode of claim 6, wherein the shaped article is formed by a method selected from the group consisting of casting, extrusion, and molding.
11. The activated carbon electrode of claim 10, wherein the shaped article is formed by extrusion, and wherein the process further comprises the step drying the shaped article or extrudate prior to the curing step.
12. The activated carbon electrode of claim 11, wherein the extrudate is dried at a temperature in the range of 75-95, cured at a temperature in the range of 110-180, carbonized in inert gas at a temperature in the range of 700-1100, and activated in CO2 at a temperature in the range of 750-1000.
The invention relates to high surface area, activated carbon electrodes which may be used as electrodes for electric double layer capacitors.
Capacitative energy storage in EDLC uses the charging of the so-called double layer at an electrode/electrolyte interface where polarization of the electrode induces a rearrangement of ions having the opposite charge sign in the immediate vicinity of the electrode. Depending on electrode materials and electrolyte chemistry, typical double layer capacitance values range from 10 to 50 pF/cm2 on metals. In double layer capacitors, the capacitance arises by separation of electron at a metal or carbon electrode surface and ionic charges in the immediately contiguous electrolytic solution. Because the charge separation arises over only a distance of 2 to 5 Å, large specific capacitance values can be developed, i.e., 10-20 μF/cm2 of the electrode interface.
An EDLC cell is composed of two high specific area electrodes and the overall capacitance is given by 1/Ccell=1/C1+1/C2, where C1 and C2 are the capacitances of the first and second electrode respectively. Ideally, C1 equals C2 so that the capacitance of the cell is one half that of an individual electrode and the specific capacitance, per g of the cell is one fourth of the specific capacitance of an individual electrode, e.g., C=50 F/g of electrode material having theoretical 200 F/g specific capacitance.
EDLC devices usually exhibit a set of unique properties having an effect on their performances. The most important feature is the frequency dependence of the capacitance and equivalent series resistance (ESR). Such behavior reflects the distributed nature of the double layer capacitance in relation with the porous structure of the electrodes. Consequently both the capacitance and ESR decrease with increasing frequency. At high frequency (short times), only the exterior surface or large pores of the carbon is available for charge or discharge. At lower frequencies, current penetration into the porous structure becomes progressively deeper until all the electrode surface area is accessed at very low frequency. This directly impacts the practical capacitance in relation with the charge/discharge rate.
Compared to batteries, the charging/discharging process of capacitors are virtually energy loss free. Another consequence of the non-faradaic nature of EDLC charging is that there is virtually no limitation in cycling life provided the materials used are chemically and environmentally stable. Besides the capacitance value of an electrode material, the charging/discharging kinetics of the double layer is very important as it directly influences the power capabilities of the assembled capacitor. The kinetics of porous carbon electrodes have been studied by Soffer et al, and such studies have shown that the electrode microstructure is key to fast charging/discharging processes as it directly influences the pore size distribution, the mean pore diameter and length, and the conductivity of the carbon phase.
Specific surface area and pore size distribution are important parameters to control in order to optimize the specific capacitance, per g of the electrode material. It has been shown that specific surface area up to 2000 m2/g are linearly correlated to specific capacitance (F/g). Since high area conducting carbon materials are available with specific area values up to 2000 m2/g, very large specific capacitance g−1 can theoretically be achieved. For example, for a specific area of 1000 m2/g, the specific capacitance values up to 200 F/g can ideally be obtained. In practice, these high capacitance values are not realized due to physical and chemical limitations that still need to be better understood. It has also been shown that the pore size distribution of activated carbon materials has an effect on the temperature dependence of capacitance, (C). Results have shown that a desirable microstructure is one that yields high specific surface area while maintaining a low contribution of ultramicropores (d<2 nm) to the total pore volume. However, measured capacitance values for such microstructures have been below the expected 10 to 20 pF/cm2, with the reported high value for specific capacitance of activated carbon fiber electrodes13 being only 6.9 μF/cm2. At carbon electrodes, polarization is said to induce a semiconductor type space charge capacitance. This additional capacitance has a low value and dominates the capacitive charging process.
Marked effects of surface chemistry of porous carbons on double layer charging has been observed. For example, solvent cleansing or thermal treatments in controlled atmospheres have shown variations in capacitance values and/or in cathodic and anodic charging behaviors. Another acknowledged effect of carbon surface chemistry is the correlation of the current leakage of a capacitor with the fraction of surface acidic functional groups. Heat treatment (1000� C.) of activated carbon fibers under N2 reduces the amount of acidic groups and lowers the leakage current of the capacitor in the charge state. A direct consequence of this effect is that phenol resin based carbon fibers are preferred to pitch, cellulose or PAN fibers having high contents of acidic groups.
Supercapacitors with high capacitance i.e. anywhere from 1 F to 1500 F are becoming increasingly important as energy storage devices for various applications such as consumer electronics (low back up currents 1 mA or less) needed in CMOS, RAMs, Clock ICs in consumer electronics and microcomputers; for secondary power sources or for starting small electric motors (up to 50 mA); and actuators or primary power sources for transient needs(up to 1 A). The development of large specific energy and power capacitors is said to open up a new range of potential applications, including hybrid and electrical vehicles, car engine cranking, cold start for exhaust control devices, utility load leveling, internal combustion engine starting, and many others.
Many of today's commercial supercapacitors are based on activated carbon electrodes with aqueous or organic electrolytes. Typically the construction of such electrodes is based on either activated carbon fibers or activated carbon powder. From the fibers an electrode is made by fabricating a sheet of fibers via papermaking techniques. The sheet is then plasma sprayed with aluminum to form a current collector. A tubular capacitor is then formed by spiral winding such sheets with a polymeric separator in between. When the electrodes are made from powders the fabrication typically consists of mixing the powders with binders and then coating this mixture on a metallic current collector sheet. The electrodes thus fabricated are then packaged with separators, typically a polymeric thin porous film, and in appropriate containers made of stainless steel or other material. Attempts are continually being made to increase the power density of these capacitors by optimizing the carbon nanostructure and surface chemistry as well as increasing the packing density of activated carbon powders and minimizing the amount of space occupied by the current collectors separators and other components so that more active material is packed in a given volume or for a given weight.
Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide an activated carbon electrode which overcomes many of the above-stated shortcomings of fiber and powder-based activated carbon electrodes.
The invention relates to monolithic high surface area activated carbon electrodes. In particular, the electrodes are made of continuous carbon structures which are produced in-situ and characterized by having apparent densities between 0.1 to 1.6 g/cm3, and flexural strengths of at least 50 psi.
The monolithic activated carbon electrodes are formed using a raw material mixture of (a) thermosetting resin which resin can be either solid or liquid, and (b) hydrophilic filler, preferably, carbonizable, organic and/or inorganic filler. Optionally, for certain electrode structures such as honeycombs, a temporary organic binder may be added to the mixture. Also, if desired an effective amount of extrusion aids may also be added to the mixture in order to facilitate the extrusion process to form the monolithic electrodes.
The use of a filler is necessary in order to manufacture the monolithic electrodes of the invention. Attempts to caste a plate of the resin to fabricate the electrodes resulted in many manufacturing difficulties. Particularly during carbonization, there is about a 50% weight loss of the resin in the form of low molecular weight compounds. The carbon yield is thus only about 50%. Associated with this loss in material is a large volume shrinkage which leads to severe warping and cracking of the plate, making it very difficult to fabricate a monolithic and continuous activated carbon electrode.
In one aspect, the mixture is formed into a self-supporting structure which is then dried, cured, carbonized, and activated in situ to form a monolithic activated carbon electrode.
The monolithic, activated carbon electrodes of the invention can be formed by any known methods such as by molding, casting, extrusions etc.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electric double layer electrode according to one embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2�2 of FIG. 1.
Recently, a unique carbon technology to fabricate flat plates, honeycombs and other shapes of high surface area activated carbons has been disclosed for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,451,444 (DeLiso), U.S. Ser. No. 08/450,857 filed May 25, 1995 (DeLiso), and U.S. Ser. No. 08/741,840 filed Oct. 31, 1996 (Gadkaree). These structures are continuous carbon structures formed without any binders, which are characterized by very high strengths, making them particularly useful for the present electrodes.
We have found that the addition of certain fillers to the resin mixture minimizes shrinkage, eliminates warping, and allows the fabrication of monolithic carbon structures in the form of plates and honeycombs for example. In addition to the above advantages, fillers also reinforce the structure and prevent the formation of cracks. Fugitive fillers which burn off during carbonization create paths for the escape of low molecular weight compounds, and allow activation of the internal structure, thus enabling uniform activation through the structure and increasing the capacity of the structure.
The advantages of the continuous carbon monolithic electrodes include: (1) higher packing density of carbon, and therefore, higher capacity when compared to powder and binder systems; (2) more compact device which is easier to fabricate since no metal strips are needed; (3) carbon has sufficient conductivity therefore, a significantly thinner film current collector will be sufficient in the present electrode design, leading to a more efficient use of space; and (4) a high capacity compact capacitor.
In one preferred embodiment, a monolithic high surface area electrode having a high capacity compact capacitor can be obtained from the present system in the form of a honeycomb by using the honeycomb itself as one electrode, and introducing the second electrode in the form of monolithic rods in the cells (or holes), with a separator formed between the two electrodes to electrically isolate such electrodes as illustrated in the figures. The electrode occupying the cells or holes of the honeycomb may be fabricated in one piece as an extruded rod. Alternatively, they can be formed from a carbon powder/binder system. In the case of the powder electrode a metal wire will have to be inserted in the cell as a current collector. This embodiment of the invention is illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2. In this embodiment, the electrode device is a 9-cell honeycomb structure in which two electrodes 6 and 8 are separated by a separator 4. In the honeycomb device, one electrode, 6 is formed by extruding the resin composition of the invention into a honeycomb having a desired number of cells. The second electrode, 8 can be formed for example, by extruding the same composition into rods which are then inserted into the cells. The separators may be formed in the cell walls before electrodes 8 are inserted into the cells.
In the honeycomb design, all the electrodes in the cells are connected together. With the cell walls of the honeycomb forming the other electrode, the result is a large number of capacitor in parallel, with the total capacity being
where n is the number of cells in the honeycomb and Ci is the capacity of one cell capacitor.
The major difficulty in this approach is that the separator polymer film may be difficult to introduce in the honeycomb cells. One inventive approach of introducing the separator is by dipping the honeycomb in a polymer/solvent solution, for example, in a 10 wt % solution of PVDF and acetone. The honeycomb is then removed from the solution and dipped immediately in a solution of organic solvent and water to precipitate a porous polymer film on the honeycomb. The thickness and porosity of the separator is determined by the concentration of the polymer/solvent solution and also by the ratio of solvent/water. This film serves as a separator. Other polymer films may be deposited in the same way. Another approach to depositing the separator is to deposit a thin layer of polymer particles inside the cell via a fluidized bed or through a hot air gun. Ceramics or glass may also be deposited via plasma spraying or other thin film deposition techniques to form the separator. In one embodiment, the separator is a porous polymer film which is introduced into the cells of a honeycomb. In another embodiment, flat plate-type electrodes were formed using the monolithic activated carbon of the invention.
To form the electrodes by extrusion, typically dry components are blended and then mixed with liquid components in a muller. Water is added if necessary to make the mixture handleable for extrusion. The mixture is then extruded. Conventional extrusion equipment can be used. For example, the extrusion can be done using a hydraulic ram extrusion press, or a two stage de-airing single auger extruder, or a twin screw mixer with a die assembly attached to the discharge end. In the latter, the proper screw elements are chosen according to material and other process conditions in order to build up sufficient pressure to force the batch material through the die.
The mixture can be extruded into any convenient shape or size depending on the specific application. The preferred shape is a honeycomb structure. Honeycombs can have typically about 1.3-94 cells/cm2 (about 9-600 cells/in2) and wall (web) thicknesses of about 0.15 to 1.3 mm (about 3-50 mils), although lower or higher cell densities may be fabricated by using appropriate forming dies.
The shaped bodies are then dried. Drying can be done in air at room temperature-80� C., or in dielectric or microwave dryers. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the fillers provide adequate pathways for escape of gases during the heating, thus preventing build up of by-products in the body.
The dried bodies are then cured in the shaped form by heating under the specific temperature and time conditions required for the given resin. The curing can be done by standard methods, in a conventional oven. Standard curing conditions are generally found in the manufacturers' literature. For example, for phenolic resole 43290 from Occidental Chemical Co. the shaped body is heated in air to about 140-155� C. The final temperature is attained slowly so that the body does not distort. Optionally, the body can be first heated to about 90� C.-100� C., then to about 120� C.-130� C. and held at this temperature for about 1-2 hours. It is then heated to about 140� C.-155� C. and held for about 30 minutes-2 hours for final cure. Curing can also be done in a dielectric or microwave oven.
The cured, carbonized and activated carbon structure is self supporting and can be used as an electrode without any further machining or processing.
Carbonization is carried out by heating the body in an inert or reducing atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon or forming gas. Forming gas is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. Typical mixtures by volume are 92:8 or 94:6 N2:H2, although any mixtures can be used.
Carbonization temperatures are about 600� C.-1100� C. or more typically about 700-1000� C. for a length of time of usually about 1-20 hours. While the body is in the temperature range of about 300-600� C., the fugitive materials vaporize. During carbonization low molecular weight compounds separate out and carbon atoms form graphitic structures. After carbonization, the body typically contains random three dimensional oriented graphitic platelets with amorphous carbon between the platelets. Various fillers incorporated in the mixture may have the desirable effect of minimizing shrinkage during carbonization when 40-60% of the initial weight of the resin is lost. The fillers also act as reinforcement to prevent the formation of cracks and to deter propagation in the structure. We have found that the use of fillers facilitates the formation of monolithic structures on a sufficient scale to form supercapacitor electrodes.
Activation is done by partially oxidizing the carbonized body in a suitable oxidant such as CO2, steam, air, or a combination of these, etc. Activation can be carried out at temperatures between about 700� C.-1000� C. Activation conditions depend on type and amount of resin, flow rate of gas, etc. Partial oxidation during activation causes the removal of the amorphous carbon and the formation of molecular size porosity between the graphitic platelets. This porosity and the graphitic platelets impart advantageous capacitive properties to the resulting activated carbon body making such body particularly suitable as electrodes for supercapacitors and double layer capacitors.
Any resin having a high carbon yield is suitable for the high surface area activated carbon electrodes of the invention. By high carbon yield, we mean that the ratio of the weight of carbon to the weight of the cured resin is greater than 0.1, preferably, greater than 0.2, and more preferably, at least 0.4, after carbonization.
Suitable resins include, crosslinkable synthetic resins, or mixtures of such resins with other modifying agents. When the resins are used in combination with modifying agents, it is preferred that the resin constitute greater than 50% of the mixture. Phenolic resins such as phenol formaldehyde, and furfuryl-based resins such as furan, are resins of choice because of their high carbon yield on carbonization. Phenol formaldehyde can be used in liquid form (resole) or solid form (novolak). Furan can be used in liquid form.
Non-limiting examples of useful resins include:
(i) phenolics modified with aniline;
(ii) copolymers with phenolics such as with amines, chlorinated phenols, nitromethane, organosilicone compounds, alkyl resins, urea or melamine;
(iii) phenolics treated with trichlorohydroxin, ether resin, ethylene oxide polymers, ketones, and hydrogen peroxide;
(iv) blends of phenolics with epoxy resins, furfuryl alcohol resins, ketoneadelyde condensates, polyamide-phenolic melamine and urea resins, glycerine, natural and synthetic rubber, polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride and other blends and other similar known blends;
(v) acetylene phenol, acrolein phenol, cellulose-phenol, cyclopentadienephenol, ketone-phenol, lignin phenol, styrene phenol, starch phenol, silicic acid ester phenol, polysocyanate phenol, sulfur phenol and others; and
(vi) resorcinol-formaldehyde.
Extrusion of the resinous mixtures into honeycomb-shaped electrodes, in particular, mixtures containing phenol formaldehyde resins, can be achieved by the method disclosed in co-pending, co-assigned U.S. Ser. No. 08/650,685 filed May 20, 1996, incorporated herein by reference. Phenol formaldehyde resins are commercially available in liquid or solid form and are made by reaction of phenol and formaldehyde. It has been disclosed in the above referenced application that when the reaction is carried out between one mole or more of formaldehyde per mole of phenol under alkaline conditions, the reaction once started is capable of continuing to completion without further addition of material until the reaction mass has become insoluble and infusible. These resins are referred to as single stage resins or resoles. In commercial practice, in most cases, the reaction is carried to a predetermined point and the resin is then cooled to retard the reaction. Most commercial products are aqueous liquids with various degrees of viscosity (e.g. 100-1000 cps). The resin is then further processed to various shapes, etc.
When the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde is carried out in acidic medium with one or more moles of formaldehyde per mole of phenol, the reaction rapidly goes to formation of an insoluble and infusible mass. In commercial practice the reaction is carried out in acidic medium by condensing one mole of phenol with less than 0.9 moles of formaldehyde. In this case, the reaction proceeds to the formation of a permanently fusible resin, which requires addition of some form of formaldehyde before it converts to the insoluble, infusible stage. This resin is called a two stage resin. The product of the first stage is called novolak. In order to cure novolaks some form of formaldehyde or formaldehyde donor must be added to bring the ratio of formaldehyde to phenol to the proper level for curing. Typically, hexamethylenetetramine (�hexa�) is commonly used and is blended with resin in finely divided form. Under the influence of heat, the hexa breaks down into formaldehyde and ammonia and formaldehyde reacts with novolak causing it to cure. Many other curing agents other than hexa are described in the literature such as ethylenediamine-formaldehyde products, anhydroformaldehydeaniline, and methylol derivatives of urea or melamine, paraformaldehyde, etc.
It is important to note that in the practice of this invention, liquid and solid resins are not to be mixed for the extrusion process. Within a liquid resin system, a mixture of different liquid resins can be used, e.g. a mixture of resole and liquid furan. Likewise within a solid resin system, a mixture of different solid resins can be used such as in commercial bulk molding compounds. When casting processes are used, mixtures of solid and liquid resins may be used.
When a liquid resin is chosen, the preferred resin is phenolic resole having a high viscosity (100-1000 cps). One especially suited phenolic resole resin is available from Occidental Chemical Corporation, Niagara Falls, N.Y. under the product name of Plyophen 43290. Plyophen 43290 is a liquid one step phenolic resin containing phenol, formaldehyde, and water, having a specific gravity of 1.22-1.24, a boiling point >100� C. and a pH of 7.5-7.7@ 100 gm/l. Another suitable phenolic resin is a product available from Borden Chemical Co. with the product name of Durite. This resin is chemically similar to Plyophen resin but has a viscosity of about 300 cps.
Furan resins are available as liquids. One furan that is suitable to the practice of the present invention is supplied by QO Chemicals, Inc. under the name of Furcarb� LP. Furcarb� LP resins are preparations of phenol (4% max) in furfuryl alcohol, and have a specific gravity of 1.2, and a boiling point of 170� C. The viscosity is 300 cps.
When solid resin is chosen, the preferred resin is phenolic novolak.
Phenolic molding compounds are available commercially. These molding compounds are solid and contain various mineral, organic and inorganic fillers usually at about 25 to 70 wt. %. Such commercial products may be used in the present invention. The solid compounds can be ground to a fine powder and the binder, extrusion aids, and additional fillers added and mixed in, and extruded. Depending on the compound and the content and type of filler already present, the level of filler and binder is adjusted to give the ranges of this invention. Molding compounds available from DUREZ Division of Occidental Chemical Co. such as general purpose compounds, medium impact compounds, glass-filled or heat-resistant electrical grades or compounds identified by numbers such as 32424, 32110, and 18420 can be used. Several molding compounds are available with wood flour, cotton or other type of organic fillers also and such compounds can also be used.
Temporary Binder
A temporary or fugitive binder is used to bind the resin and fillers, and will be removed in the heat-treatments. With either type of resin, a plasticizing organic binder is most typically used. A plasticizing organic binder contributes to the plasticity of the mixture for shaping into a body. The plasticizing organic binder according to the present invention refers to cellulose ether binders. Some typical cellulose ethers are methylcellulose and its derivatives such as ethylhydroxy ethylcellulose, hydroxybutylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxy methylcellulose, and mixtures thereof. Methylcellulose and/or methylcellulose derivatives are especially suited as organic binders in the practice of the present invention with methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or combinations of these being preferred. This can include a mixture of different types of methylcellulose and/or different types of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Some sources of methylcellulose and/or its derivatives are Methocel A4M, F4M, and F40M from Dow Chemical Co.
Extrusion Aid
Extrusion aids are included as optional additions to the raw material mixture in amounts sufficient to enhance the lubricity of the mixture for ease in passing through the extruder and die, especially in solid resin mixtures. The extrusion aids are the same for both types of resin mixtures. Some preferred extrusion aids are soaps, fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic acid, etc., polyoxyethylene stearate, etc. or combinations of these. Especially preferred is sodium stearate. Optimized amounts of extrusion aid(s) depend on the composition and binder, although generally extrusion aids make up no more than about 3% by weight of the mixture.
For both liquid and solid resin systems, the filler must be hydrophilic in order to be easily wet by the liquids in the system. The fillers are most typically an oxygen-containing, e.g. oxide substance, and are therefore relatively inexpensive. Generally, with both liquid and solid resins, the fillers can be carbonizable and/or inorganic.
The fillers can be fibrous. Fibrous fillers typically give higher strength and stiffness to a structure compared a particulate structure. According to this invention, by fibrous is meant a length of up to about 1 centimeter, and preferably up to about 500 micrometers. The diameter is up to about 500 micrometers, preferably up to about 100 micrometers, and most preferably up to about 10 micrometers.
We have previously disclosed that for liquid resin systems, it was found that addition of a hydrophilic carbonizable (essentially organic) filler with or without a hydrophobic organic filler, (preferably fibrous), is necessary to form a good honeycomb extrusion. Hydrophilic organic fibrous filler allows the liquid resin to infiltrate the fibrous structure at high loading levels. The mixture has good rigidity and is extruded into a honeycomb shape easily and maintains the shape on carbonization. Inorganic hydrophilic fillers preferably with a fibrous morphology can also be used with liquid resins in addition to the carbonizable filler. Mixtures of organic and inorganic fillers result in optimized strength and rigidity of the final carbon product, as well as minimization of cost. Inorganic fillers also minimize shrinkage and warpage.
Both natural and synthetic carbonizable fillers can be used. Examples of natural materials are wood, such as pine, spruce, redwood, ash, beech, birch, maple, and oak; sawdust; shell powders such as, ground almond shell, coconut shell, apricot pit shell, peanut shell, pecan shell, and walnut shell; cotton fibers such as, cotton flock, cotton fabric, cellulose fibers, and cotton seed fiber; chopped vegetable fibers such as, hemp, coconut fiber, jute, and sisal; as well as other materials such as corn cobs, citrus pulp (dried), soybean meal, peat moss, wheat straw, wool fibers, corn, potato, rice, and tapioca etc. Flour from grains such as wheat, corn, rice etc, may also be used. Nonlimiting examples of synthetic materials are regenerated cellulose, rayon fabric, cellophane, etc.
Examples of particularly suitable carbonizable fillers for liquid resins are cellulose, cotton, wood, and sisal, or combinations of these, all of which are preferably in the form of fibers. In one useful embodiment, the carbonizable fiber filler is a cellulose fiber supplied by International Filler Corporation, North Tonawanda, N.Y., having the following sieve analysis: 1-2% on 40 mesh (420 micrometers), 90-95% thru 100 mesh (149 micrometers), and 55-60% thru 200 mesh (74 micrometer).
Another approach for making a honeycomb or flat plate electrode structure according to the invention is to utilize a preformed structure of organic material such as cellulose fibers for example, and to impregnate the resin into the structure by dipping, spraying etc. The impregnated structure is then cured, carbonized and activated to form a monolithic electrode structure.
Some inorganic fillers that can be used are oxygen containing minerals such as clays, zeolites, talc, etc., carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, aluminosilicates such as kaolin (an aluminosilicate clay), flyash (an aluminosilicate ash obtained after coal firing in power plants), silicates, e.g. wollastonite (calcium metasilicate), titanates, zirconates, zirconia, zirconia spinel, magnesium aluminum silicates, mullite, alumina, alumina trihydrate, spinel, feldspar, attapulgites, and aluminosilicate fibers, cordierite powder, sand (silica), vermiculite, etc. In some cases, activated carbon powder or graphite powder may also be used to replace a fraction of the filler. However, if activated carbon or graphite powder is used the resin based carbon produced in situ remains the main active part of the structure. The addition of graphite increases conductivity of the electrode.
Examples of especially suited inorganic fillers are cordierite powder, talcs, clays, and aluminosilicate fibers such as provided by Carborundum Co. Niagara Falls, N.Y. under the name of Fiberfax, and combinations of these. Fiberfax aluminosilicate fibers measure about 2-6 micrometers in diameter and about 20-50 micrometers in length.
Hydrophobic organic fillers provide additional support to the shaped structure and introduce wall porosity on carbonization because in general they leave very little carbon residue. Some hydrophobic organic fillers are polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyester fibers (flock), nylon fibers, polypropylene fibers (flock) or powder, acrylic fibers or powder, aramid fibers, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
In general the particle or fiber size of the fillers must be such that they will be able to pass through the respective die in forming thin walled structures such as honeycombs. For example, for extrusion of a 0.15 mm (6 mil) wall honeycomb through a die that has 152 micrometer openings, up to about 420 micrometer long cellulose fibers have been found to work well. This example is merely illustrative and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific size fillers for specific size structures.
For both solid and liquid resins, the filler makes up about 10 to 85, preferably, 2545 wt. %, of the mixture (excluding any water that is added). The weight ratio of filler to resin is generally about 0.1 to 0.5.
Such compositions are advantageous for liquid resin systems because the carbonizable hydrophilic materials such as cellulose fibers soak in the liquid resin and form a stiff batch which can be extruded. Additionally on carbonization, they yield carbon which results in additional adsorption capacity. The inorganic filler reduces shrinkage on carbonization and imparts strength and stiffness and reduces batch cost.
The following experiments were carried out with a salt of fatty acid as a pore former in phenolic resin to determine whether monolithic continuous carbon plates can be fabricated, which are suitable for electrodes in supercapacitors. These experiments are described below.
Phenol formaldehyde resole resin available from Borden Inc., was mixed with 5 wt % Zinc Sterate by stirring. Since curing agents are already incorporated in all phenolic resins as received from manufacturer no other additives were added to the resin. The mixture was stirred at room temperature to achieve good mixing. The mixture was then poured in a tray and the tray was placed in an oven at 90� C. to set, and kept at that temperature for three hours. The tray was then heated to 150� C. to fully cure the resin. After curing at 150� C., the tray was removed. The mixture was observed to have cured into a severely cracked and brittle patty which had foamed nonuniformly. Carbonization of this patty at 900� C. in nitrogen resulted in further cracking of the patty, indicating that the process was not useful to make monolithic electrode structures.
In an attempt to minimize the non-uniform foaming observed in comparative example 1, in this experiment, instead of placing the resin-zinc stearate mixture in the oven at 90� C., the tray containing the 5 wt. % Zinc stearate and resin mixture was placed in the oven at 25� C. and very slowly heated(1� C/min) to 80� C., and held at this temperature for 1.5 hours, heated to 95� C. at 0.2� C/min and held at that temperature for 3 hrs. The mixture was further heated slowly at 0.2� C. min to 150� C. and held at that temperature for 3 hrs to complete the curing process. This experiment also resulted in a patty which was severely cracked, and non-uniformly foamed. As in Comp. Example 1, this patty was also not useful for making electrode structures.
The following non-limiting examples are provided as illustrations of the invention. All parts, portions, and percentages are on a weight basis unless otherwise stated.
Durite resin (from Borden Chemical) at 63.1 wt %, hardwood flour (from American Wood Fibers, WI) at 28.2 wt %, Methocel binder at 4.8 wt %, SAN lubricant at 1 wt %, oil (3 in 1 from 3M) at 1 wt %, phosphoric acid at 1.9 wt % and appropriate amount of water were mixed in a muller and extruded into a ribbon (one inch wide and ⅛ inch thick). The ribbon was then dried at 95 C and then cured at 125 C for two hours and at 150 C for two hours. The cured ribbon was then carbonized in nitrogen at 900 C for six hours and then activated in carbon dioxide for 4 hours at 800� C. No cracking, warping, or distortion was observed in the ribbon. The activated ribbon was cut into rods about one inch long and {fraction (1/16)} inch square cross section. These rods were measured for capacitance with sulfuric acid as electrolyte via the following procedures.
Two techniques were used to measure the double layer capacitance of the monolithic carbon rods. Both techniques use a three-electrode set-up where the working electrode is the carbon rod immersed in the electrolyte, the counter electrode is a Pt foil and the reference electrode is a Pt wire or a saturated calomel electrode. Chronopotentiometry measures the working electrode potential versus time while a constant current is used to charge the double layer. Since Q=CV with Q is the charge passed in Coulomb, C the capacitance in farad and V the potential in volt, the capacitance is given by C=Δ(i.t)/ΔV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also used. In this technique, the frequency response to a small amplitude ac voltage signal is analyzed in order to measure the impedance of the electrode. For a pure capacitor, Z=1/jωC, where ω is the pulsation. The capacitance measured by this technique is usually given at low frequency (1 mHz).
Depending on the current value ranging from 50 mA/g to 200 mA/g, the rods according to this example had a specific capacitance ranging from 65 to 115 farads/g. When measured in a standard three-point bend flexural strength test with support span of 0.75″, the rods were observed to have strength of 300-600 psi. Thus, the resulting rods are strong and therefore easy to handle during manufacturing. The apparent densities of the rods ranged from 0.6-0.71 g/cm3.
The rods as mentioned in example 1 were tested in an organic electrolyte composed of 0.5 M (C2H5)4NBF4 (from Alfa) in propylene carbonate (Aldrich). The electrolyte has a higher operating voltage (3 volts vs 1 volt for sulfuric acid) and the stored energy is greater (E=�CV2). In cases where more specific energy and power is required such capacitors may be useful. In particular, high nominal voltage devices as easier to assemble because they require less series connection between cells.
A composition containing 61.5 wt % Durite resin, 27.6 wt % hardwood, 4.7 wt % methocel, 1 wt % SAN and 5.2 wt % polyester fiber (which burns out during carbonization leaving porosity behind for activation of carbon) was extruded into ribbon and then cured, carbonized and activated as described above. This composition had a capacitance of 75-85 farads/g in sulfuric acid and 30-50 farads/g in organic electrolyte.
A composition similar to example 3 but containing 10 wt % polyester fiber instead of 5.2 wt % as in example 3 was extruded both as ribbon and as a honeycomb. The capacity for the rods made from this composition was 125 farads/g and for the honeycomb was 97 farads/g in sulfuric acid as measured via impedance spectroscopy at 1 mHz. The rods had flexural strengths of 200-400 psi when measured on a 3-point strength test as described in Example 1, again showing that the structures are of sufficient strength to allow the shaping of the material into desired shapes for the electrode device of the invention.
All of these examples show that high capacitance is obtained from monolithic structures made from carbon where the carbon is produced in situ. These high capacitance values are unexpected because difficulty associated with activating such strong, monolithic structures and getting the carbon properly activated, in addition to ensuring that the carbon surface is accessible to the electrolyte.
The following examples illustrate how some of the electrode devices were assembled from the monolithic structures and give the measured values of the capacitance as well as the specific energy that can be stored in such devices.
A thin ribbon was extruded from the same composition as described in example 4. After curing, carbonization and activation, two 0.7 mm thick carbon electrodes (2.5 cm�2 cm) were cut. After soaking in the appropriate electrolyte, a cell was assembled by interposing a piece of a porous paper separator in order to prevent shorting between the two electrodes. Capacitance measurements were performed on this cell by connecting the electrodes to the working electrode terminal and the shorted counter and reference electrodes respectively (two electrode configuration). The capacitance of the device with organic electrolyte was 1.3 farads.
Rods having the same composition as described in example 4 were cured, carbonized and activated. 4 rods 3 cm long and 0.3 cm square cross section were assembled by interposing a separator sheet between them in a prismatic arrangement where each rod has two sides facing other rods (2�2). Electrical connections were made in a chess board manner. In sulfuric acid electrolyte, the capacitance measured by chronopotentiometry was ranging from 14 to 36 farads. Impedance measurement was 12.7 farads at 1 mHz. In organic electrolyte, the results were 4-7 farads and 2.3 farads respectively.
Monolithic honeycombs and rods having the same composition as described in example 4 were prepared. No cracks or warping of the honeycomb or plate were observed. The 9, 12 and 16 cell honeycombs were cured, carbonized and activated yielding the following geometries:
The honeycombs had apparent densities of 0.28 to 0.32 g/cm3. It should be noted that for the purposes of determining the apparent densities of the honeycomb structures, the measured volume of the honeycombs included the volume of the open cells, hence, the relatively lower values for apparent densities.
Rods were prepared with the corresponding geometries enabling the assembling of the devices by individually wrapping each rods with a separator thin sheet and inserting the rods in the corresponding honeycomb cells. The assemblies were allowed to soak in organic electrolyte.
In each case, electrical connections were made between the honeycomb body and a string of clips attached to every rod. Capacitance measurements are summarized in the following table:
From examples 5 to 7, the following device characteristics can be derived:
A composition containing 76.88 wt % novolak phenolic resin powder from Occidental Chemical Co., Niagara Falls, N.Y., 12.8 wt. % of cellulose fiber, 8.92 wt. % methocel binder, and 1.26 wt. % SAN lubricant was extruded into a {fraction (1/16)}″ thick ribbon which was then cured, carbonized at 900� C. for 6 hours in nitrogen and activated in carbon dioxide at 900� C. for 7.5 hours. Rods cut from this ribbon were found to have capacitance of 24.4 farads/g in organic electrolyte when measured according to the method described in Example 1. The rods had a capacitance of 136 farads/g in sulfuric acid.
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Passionate, driven individual needed to lead client-side web app development (JS, HTML5, CSS3, JQuery). Ground floor opportunity to work at a company that is tackling a huge problem by innovating new products & services that our clients are clamoring for.10/31/2014 Charleston, SC Save This Job
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text: Ryan: Romney 'would have said it differently' Add to ... AP Video Published Wednesday, Sep. 19 2012, 6:35 AM EDT Last updated Wednesday, Sep. 19 2012, 6:36 AM EDT Republican vice-presidential candidate Paul Ryan defended Mitt Romney, who is under political fire for saying 47 per cent of Americans think the government should take care of them. Ryan said Romney was pointing out the recent increase in poverty. Watch More Video: Victoria man's letter about U.S. politics go viral Obama takes tough line on Putin Obama delivers veiled message to China Obama announces nominee for attorney general John Kerry says extremism is the 'challenge' of this generation Obama: U.S. has health system to stop Ebola before it reaches outbreak levels Obama, Netanyahu meet for first time since Gaza war Obama kicks off campaign against campus sexual assault Jimmy Carter wishes Obama success against Islamic State U.S. will not fight another ground war in Iraq, Obama says 'This can't be America's fight alone,' Obama says of ISIS Obama: U.S. to expand strikes against Islamic State Hillary Clinton to decide on presidential run in 2015 Obama calls for 'dismantling' of Islamic State at NATO summit Joan Rivers was 'gutsy,' 'overpowering,' Letterman says Obama, Cameron go back to school - in Wales Fighting continues in Ukraine as ceasefire efforts founder Obama affirms 'rock solid' support for Baltic states Russia expert describes Obama's 'impossible' task U.S. Cuban 'Twitter' was part of bigger plan Comments AA More Related to this Story Video: Obama: President represents entire country Video: Romney donor video shakes up U.S. presidential race Video: Romney: 'Victims' comment not elegantly stated


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But hopefully not for much longer. According to Bisnow, the Rappaport Companies-leased space is in negotiations with Nordstrom Rack, meaning there might soon be a wealth of cut-price clothing, shoes, and accessories coming to L Street. Full disclosure: This is excellent news for Washingtonian staffers, who work on the same block (although possibly bad news for our bank accounts).
Nordstrom Rack Possibly Moving to Old Borders Space Downtown
The 1800 L Street spot might soon have a new tenant. By Sophie Gilbert
Comments () | Published June 7, 2012
For workers in the Golden Triangle District downtown, there's been nothing but bad news when it comes to retail. Last year alone we lost the Filene's Basement on Connecticut Avenue and the much-loved Borders at 1800 L Street, Northwest. Since then, the former bookstore space has had temporary incarnations as a gallery space (Fotoweek DC, Washington Project for the Arts) and an unlikely event space (BYT's New Year's Eve Party, Funny or Die's White House Correspondents' Dinner event), but is woefully empty most days.
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Encore (1951)
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Movie Info
The producers of Quartet and Trio concluded their cycle with this omnibus film, which features three stories based, as in the previous film, on tales by W. Somerset Maugham. "The Ant and the Grasshopper" concerns Tom Ramsey (Nigel Patrick), a fiscally unstable young man who is constantly borrowing money from his brother George (Roland Culver). Eventually, George falls on hard times and is forced to sell the family estate, just as Tom marries a wealthy woman and is in a position to purchase it. In "Winter Cruise," Miss Reid (Kay Walsh) is an aging spinster taking a voyage aboard a cargo ship. She has little to do but engage the others on board in conversation, which the passengers find so annoying that they arrange a ship-board romance for her with Pierre (Jacques Francois), a porter, in the hopes that it will keep her quiet. And "Gigolo and Gigolette" features Glynis Johns as Stella Cotman, whose husband Syd (Terence Morgan) earns his living as a performer in a high-wire act. Stella is terribly worried that Syd's risky profession will lead to his death, so she takes their life's savings to a casino in hopes of winning enough that he can retire. However, her plan hardly goes as she hoped. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi … More
- Rating:
- Unrated
- Genre:
- Drama , Classics , Comedy
- Directed By:
- Harold French , Pat Jackson
- On DVD:
- Jun 7, 1988
- Runtime:
Nigel Patrick
as Tom Ramsey
Roland Culver
as George Ramsey
Kay Walsh
as Miss Reid [Winter Cr...
Alison Leggatt
as Freda Ramsey
Glynis Johns
as Stella Cotman [Gigol...
Charles Victor
as Mr. Bateman
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The first two stories are a charming pair of lightly comic tales and the last darker in tone but no less of a pleasure owing to the enchanting presence of Glynis Johns, who looks utterly sensational and gives a terrific performance.More
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3221 Donald Douglas Loop S. (Airport Ave.) Send to Phone
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Typhoon Restaurant Review: Typhoon sits in a prime location right next to the runway of the Santa Monica Airport. The restaurant's sleek design with aviation and weather motifs is courtesy of Stephen Francis Jones, whose firm SFJones Architects has worked on many Southern California establishments including Daily Grill, M.B. Post and Spago Beverly Hills (when Wolfgang Puck's restaurant moved from West Hollywood to its current location in the 1990s). The mirrored weather map behind the bar is a stunning piece of aeronautical art. There are also a few TVs often tuned in to sporting events. Customers' pilot licenses are showcased on the pillars like the caricatures of movie star clients on the walls at The Palm. The exhibition kitchen executes dishes from every corner of Asia: Japanese gyoza, Indian samosas, Chinese dim sum, Thai coconut-chicken curry, Filipino fried squid, Indonesian crispy noodles and much more. Softshell crab may appear as a seasonal special. The deep-fried whole catfish is one of the restaurant's specialties, but if you're looking for something lighter, opt for the whole steamed pink snapper with soy-ginger sauce. For the more adventuresome, there are Taiwanese stir-fried crickets and even crunchy scorpions. If the exotic fare isn't enough to keep your attention, you can enjoy panoramic city views and the arrivals and departures of multimillion-dollar Gulfstreams. Another perk if you're flying in to dine at Typhoon --- transient parking for single engine and light twin aircraft is available right in front of the restaurant. Live jazz bands perform on most Monday and Tuesday nights; cover charges may apply.
Check out the 2014 edition of GAYOT's Annual Restaurant Issue, which features the Top 40 Restaurants in the U.S., Rising Chefs and more.


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New answers tagged fonts
The information given to you was seriously outdated—and unrealistic, since most people could not be bothered to download and install fonts. You can download a font and then generate different versions (formats) of it, for different platforms, to be used via @font-face. However, you need permission from the copyright holder of the font. Not all fonts are ...
Yes, you can. Just upload the font to your server and in your CSS add this: @font-face { font-family: YourFont; src: url(YourFont.tff); }
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Headline News FotoKem Provides End-to-End Post Services for LAIKA's 'Boxtrolls'
End-to-end postproduction services for LAIKA's latest 3D animated feature include raw file conversion, digital intermediate and color grading.
End-to-end postproduction services for LAIKA's latest 3D animated feature include raw file conversion, digital intermediate and color grading.
Adapted from the Seth Grahame-Smith's novel of the same name, 'Pride and Prejudice and Zombies' combines Jane Austen's classic 1813 novel with elements of modern zombie fiction.
With Angela Santomero serving as Creator and Executive Producer, 'Creative Galaxy' is a make-along, create-along art adventure series for children ages three to five.
Toei Animation heads to Brand Licensing Europe 2014 to introduce 'Sailor Moon Crystal,' the reboot of the classic franchise.
Nickelodeon's new, interactive, preschool series Blaze and the Monster Machines premieres Monday, Oct. 13.
4K Codex recording system used for forthcoming IMAX production to orbit the Earth for the next twelve months.
Aardman Animations helps BBC Wales celebrate the centenary of Dylan Thomas's birth with The Hunchback in the Park, an animated short featuring Michael Sheen.
'Ever wonder where all those emotions really live?' Walt Disney Studios and Pixar Animation Studios unveil the first teaser trailer for 'Inside Out,' the latest film from director Pete Docter.
Team Detroit taps King and Country to produce "9 to 5'ers," a dynamic spot for the 2015 Ford Transit.
In celebration of International Animation Day, ASIFA-SF, The Disney Family Museum and the National Film Board of Canada are hosting an in-person evening with filmmakers Torill Kove and Nicola Lemay.
Studio AKA director Eamonn O'Neill directs another captivating spot for the NSPCC, "Online Bullying: Three Things That Can Help."
Christopher Nolan's highly anticipated sci-fi epic will be released in 70mm IMAX, 70mm and 35mm formats on Wednesday, November 5th, two days ahead of its nationwide release.
Renegade Animations goes retro for a new, animated advertising campaign for the restaurant chain Wienerschnitzel.
Disney Junior announces a new primetime special, Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Battle for the Book! premiering Sunday, October 26.
Kabillion signs a distribution deal with Premavision Inc. / Clokey Productions for the iconic series Gumby.
Curated by ACME Filmworks founder Ron Diamond, the 16th Annual Animation Show of Shows features both studio and independent films from the U.S., Canada, Norway, France, Great Britain, Poland and Russia.
Netflix announces first original movie, 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: The Green Legend,' to be directed by Yuen Wo-Ping and produced by The Weinstein Company.
Alec Baldwin and Kevin Spacey duke it out in diapers for DreamWorks Animation's upcoming CG-animated comedy, 'Boss Baby,' due in theaters March 18, 2016.
Student team from California State University, San Jose wins nationwide competition to create 30-second animated short in just 24 hours.


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College News
Pharmacy Adjunct Promoted to Lead Pharmacy Division at Excellus BlueCross BlueShield
Dr. Mona Chitre, an adjunct faculty member in the Wegmans School of Pharmacy, was recently promoted to vice president of pharmacy management at Excellus BlueCross BlueShield.
Chitre's primary responsibilities include clinical and operational oversight of all aspects of Excellus BCBS' pharmacy program, which spends $1 billion annually on members' prescription medication. She will also handle clinical program development, formulary and medical management, employer group support, and vendor management.
She has worked at Excellus BCBS for more than 12 years, and most recently served as director of clinical services, strategy, and policy. Chitre earned her undergraduate and doctoral degrees in pharmacy from Rutgers University, and did her primary care residency with the Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System in Buffalo. She was one of the first certified geriatric pharmacists in New York State.
Chitre has published several papers and abstracts in scientific journals on topics including diabetes, infectious disease, managed care trends, and medication therapy management.
In addition, Chitre is a member of the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, serves on the board of directors for the Ronald McDonald House Charities of Rochester, and volunteers with the Victor Central School District.
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- Martínez-Hernández, Rovira-Figueroa, and Eaton presented at STANYS Conference
- Alumna Releases Romance Novel
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- Alumna Shares Journey with Cushing's Disease with Nursing Students
- Rhone Attends BGS Student Leadership Fall Forum
- Staff Recognition Program Seeking Nominations
- St. John Fisher College's 12th Justinian Medal Presented to Michael R. Law, Esq. '69
- Students Receive Dante Scholarship from Italian Women's Civic Club
- Madigan to Serve as Guest Lecturer for December First Friday Lecture
- Investment Club Travels to New York City
- Student Athletes "Scare Away Brain Cancer" in Honor of Teammate
- Veterans Affairs Club, President Bain Host Veterans Day Celebration
- St. John Fisher College to Celebrate 12th Annual Philosophy Day
- St. John Fisher College and Herkimer College Announce 2+2 Partnership Agreement


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Watch our video!Chapel Haven is proud to be an inaugural winner of AFAA Applauds, a national initiative recognizing innovative, high-quality support programs for adults living with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).
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Providing an array of lifelong individualized support services for adults (18+) on the autism spectrum and those with developmental and social disabilities, enabling them to lead independent and productive lives.
"Chapel Haven is an amazing organization. We have always felt a total commitment both to our child and to the population that the organization serves. If there is an identified need in their population that is not being met, they develop a program to deal with it."
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Category Archives: Events
Special Olympics Bowling Holiday Classic Draws 85 participants!
Chapel Haven had a huge turnout this weekend for the Special Olympics Bowling Holiday Classic at the Milford AMF Lanes. Chapel Haven Rec Supervisor Michael Verzella reports 85 people bowled, both residential students and community members. Chapel Haven participated in both the … Continue reading
Posted in Events, News Tagged Chapel Haven, community members, Special Olympics Bowling holiday classic, students, Unified Sports Leave a comment
Register For Open Houses Dec. 6, 2014
Open Houses are scheduled for the following locations: Saturday, December 6, 2014, from 10 a.m. to noon, Chapel Haven, 1040 Whalley Avenue, New Haven, CT: This morning open house is scheduled for a Saturday morning to make it easier for busy … Continue reading
Posted in Events Leave a comment
SAIL Program enjoys Riding High Dude Ranch trip
The SAIL Program recently experienced another travel adventure…this time to Ridin'-Hy Ranch in upstate New York. Eleven individuals accompanied by two staff enjoyed the great outdoors and all the dude ranch had to offer; the group went horseback riding, fishing, … Continue reading
UARTS Chapel Haven rolls out at North Haven site
Chapel Haven is delighted to launch UARTS- Chapel Haven, a new program made possible by a grant from the CT Office of the Arts and Department of Economic Development. Four days a week, 10 Chapel Haven community members are developing … Continue reading
Posted in Events, News Tagged accessibility, arts and disabilities, Autism, disabilities, engagement, professional artists, recycled materials, Uarts Comments Off
The 2014 Bowl-a-thon was fun and raised a lot of money!
Chapel Haven's 10th annual Bowl-a-thon raised a record amount of money – in excess of $41,000 – and drew participation from 140 bowlers. Mike Verzella, supervisor of recreation and the key organizer behind this popular event, said he is grateful … Continue reading
Tennis, anyone? Chapel Haven rolls out new tennis clinic
Chapel Haven is rolling out its first Tennis Clinic! This fall, students and community members have the chance to sign up and receive top-notch tennis instruction in October sessions from Chapel Haven parent and tennis pro Jerry Weil. Jerry has … Continue reading
Chapel Haven President Recognized as Rising Star
Chapel Haven President Michael Storz has been selected by Business New Haven as a "Rising Star" for 2014. Mike is among a prominent group of 14 business and community leaders recognized for their leadership, innovative and dedication in the September … Continue reading
Chapel Haven's Founders Nurtured a Dream of Independence 42 years ago
Never underestimate the power of determined parents. That is the lesson behind the founding of Chapel Haven, which started as the dream of a group of parents celebrating their kids' graduation from Maplebrook School in Amenia, NY in the early … Continue reading
Posted in Events, News Tagged Chapel Haven, disabilities, independent living, Jerry Rossman, Maplebrook School, transition Comments Off
Chapel Haven may be coming to a conference near you!
Chapel Haven and Chapel Haven West are everywhere! Our staff, coordinated through our Admissions Office, are out and about presenting and talking to parents and professionals at conferences throughout the U.S. This is a great way to get to know … Continue reading


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Raw images obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft from the closest flyby of Saturn's moon Rhea have begun streaming to Cassini's raw image page.
At closest approach, Cassini glided within about 69 kilometers (43 miles) of Rhea's surface at 4:53 AM UTC on Jan. 11, which was 10:53 PM Pacific Time on Jan. 10.
Explore further: What is the difference between asteroids and comets?
More information: To see the raw images, go to saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/raw/ and click on "Search Images."


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A five foot-wide sinkhole has opened up in the middle of a Wallington street.
The hole, which is around three feet deep, opened up and swallowed the wheel of a car in Maldon Road at 9am today.
Police have closed the road between Manor Road and Harcourt Road.
A statement from the police said: "The hole is in the road and is about 5ft wide and 3ft deep. A car had one of its wheels in the hole and the vehicle has now been recovered.
"It is believed the car was being driven at the time the hole opened up. There are no injuries reported. Sutton Council is aware."
Sinkholes have been reported around the country following the recent heavy rains.
The British Geological Survey said the country can expect more holes as the water table recedes following the bad weather.
Do you know more? Call 020 8722 6355 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Students aim to have health app created as part of national competition
- Dust off your past and enjoy a visit from TV's Eric Knowles
- Dig around in the Wandle: Treasure hunt events coming up
- High Court judge refuses Beddington incinerator campaigner permission to appeal
- Man charged with raping 15-year-old girl in Grove Park Carshalton and two other offences


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Velvet Ribbons
Velvet ribbons are among our favorite ribbons here at M&J Trimming. The plush and soft texture and rich colorful luster of the velvet ribbon makes it a wonderful material to work with on projects that range across crafts to high-end fashion. A popular trim among M&J shoppers, our assortment of velvet ribbons includes single face and double face styles, crushed velvet patterns, and velvety ric rac in a full spectrum of colors for every season.
Grid List
6 Item(s)
7/8" (22mm) imported velvet ribbonFrom $1.48/Yard
1 3/8" (36mm) imported velvet ribbonFrom $2.03/Yard
2" (50mm) imported velvet ribbonFrom $2.77/Yard
5/8" (16mm) crushed velvet ribbonFrom $2.90/Yard
1" (23mm) crushed velvet ribbonFrom $3.63/Yard
3/8" (9mm) needle cord velvet ribbonFrom $1.81/Yard


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Venice Condo Rental Photos and Description
Condo, 2 Bedrooms, 2 Baths, (Sleeps 4)
*South Side SUN! Enclosed Lanai! Top floor unit with breathtaking views of Gulf beach and intracoastal waterway*
Take an early morning walk on the beach, right outside the door. Come back for breakfast on the lanai, with beautiful sunny views of the Gulf and the Intracoastal Waterway. Enjoy a refreshing swim in the pool, and then relax in the sun.
Have lunch, and then enjoy some unique shopping in downtown Venice, or with a short drive to Sarasota's St Armands Circle. Play a round of golf on one of the many beautiful courses nearby. Dine at one of the many fine restaurants in the area, and enjoy the cultural attractions -- or relax and walk to the jetty, and watch the dolphins play as the sun sets into the Gulf.
Keywords: Beachfront,island,waterfront,condo,sand,water,furnished,comfortable,bright,sunny,Gulf, beach
- Suitability:
- Long-term Renters Welcome
- children welcome
- limited accessibility
- non smoking only
- pets not allowed
About Kevin & Debora
We chose Venice Island for the beautiful sandy beaches and the quaint shopping center downtown.
Kevin & Debora purchased this condo in 1999
Why Kevin & Debora chose Venice
Venice Island is well known for sandy beaches with abundant shark's teeth. Our top floor condo has views of the Gulf of Mexico and the Intracoastal Waterway from every window and from the lanai. The beach and our pool are just outside our door, providing the relaxing sounds of water while enjoying the fresh Gulf air.
This particular unit has the benefit of covered parking for your car.
What makes this condo unique
South side SUN ! A fully-enclosed lanai for all-weather flexibility ! Our condo has breathtaking views of water from every window. The sandy white beach is right outside our door and perfect for lazy days in the sun or surfing the waves. The public boat launch is directly across the street. The South Jetty is a short walk up the beach. Dolphins are often seen there searching for a meal. There are many restaurants within walking distance or a short drive away. Just a few minutes away, cultural opportunities can be found in Venice, or in the city of Sarasota including museums, theatres and shopping. Many other attractions in Tampa, Fort Myers, and other locations within an hour or so.
Guestbook comments from the owner
The condo is beautifully decorated with views of water from every window. The covered parking keeps your car from over heating in the sun. The beach is right there!


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Would you like to get a jump start on your Christmas shopping & earn some products for yourself as well? Join my Turkey Trot this month! Email or message me on Facebook & I'll get your started!
Saturday, November 1, 2014
Monday, October 6, 2014
Tuesday, July 15, 2014
Overcoming Obstacles on Pinnacle Mountain
Last weekend, we had the chance to visit some friends on a mini-vacay to Little Rock.
First, we met our friends Lauren & David and their cute little baby, Caroline.
I was so sad that I forgot to take any pictures.
Oh well, we'll just have to go & visit them again sometime soon. :)
Then, we met my sweet college friend, Ashli, & her husband for dinner.
She showed us this old Catholic Church just a few doors down from her condo.
Ethan was so amazed with the disciples on the doors.
On Friday, we spent several hours at the Museum of Discovery in downtown Little Rock.
We all had a blast exploring the various exhibits!
In fact, when it was time to leave, we had to drag a few little ones away.
Then, we walked to around downtown, across a bridge & into a submarine!
This is the USS Razorback. Very interesting tour!
The tour guide told us we had to climb in just like the servicemen used to do it!
It's amazing how they managed to live life in this very small space!
Did you know the USS Razorback is named after the
Razorback Whale & not after the
University of Arkansas Razorbacks?
On Saturday morning, we set out to hike up Pinnacle Mountain.
I agreed to hiking because I'm a "boy mom" who really does NOT like
to sweat! I really don't like the sun either. But I felt like it was time
to do something the boys would enjoy.
And yes, this may be a cinch for a lot of people, but it was
no easy task for this girl!
I was slow but ok until we got to the steeper area with lots of boulders.
And I would have been fine just sitting on the bench when we got
to "marker 9," but no one would let me stop.
(Why didn't we take a picture of the huge boulders we had to climb?)
It reminded me of the "Biggest Loser" episodes when the contestants are
pushed to their limits. I was very thankful for Eric, Robin, & Jimmy pushing me to
go all the way to the top! It was really pretty, but I was so exhausted & hot that
all I could think about was 'how in the world am I going to get back down?'
The kids had a wonderful time! They hiked up that mountain so fast!
They had fun exploring God's beauty!
Ethan found his "secret lair" and kept climbing this tree.
It scared his brother & it should have scared me...
but like I said, I was exhausted & wasn't thinking very clearly.
He & Kallie even started exploring the rocks on the "steep side"
of the mountain. Again, I should have been worried...
but it was kind of nice not to.
My cool teenager took care of the worrying for me.
And my sweet husband enjoyed his "marriage enrichment activity."
He exercised quite a bit of patience as we navigated the mountain together.
What wonderful memories we made together!
Posted by BeechemBrightSpots at 9:33 PM No comments:
Monday, June 30, 2014
Ethan Is 3!
**Note: As I was looking through my blog today, I noticed I had several "drafts" that I never completed. So you might just see a few OLD pics in the next few days. It's fun to look back & see how much my boys have grown!
Posted by BeechemBrightSpots at 3:08 PM No comments:
Grant's Graduation Film Reel Cake
A few weeks ago, I had the privilege of creating a graduation cake for one of our dear friends.
He is heading to Liberty University in the fall to study Film Production,
so a movie inspired cake was in order!
I first asked him to give me a list of his top 30 movies. I created some film strips
with a film strip bulletin board border that I found at a party supply store. I found
images of his favorite movies & cut & pasted them to the film strip boarder. Then,
I laminated the film strips.
I created the film reels using scrapbook paper & aluminum foil.
I covered one side with foil (the side that wouldn't be seen)
and glued the scrapbook film reel to the other side. I free-handed the black
figures on the gray paper. I also laminated the scrapbook reels.
(Practicing with cake pans & dishes to make sure this would look right.)
(Practicing a little more...)
(Trying to envision how this would all come together...)
I iced all the cakes with "silver screen" colored buttercream icing.
I couldn't complete the assembly until we traveled 3 hours to their home.
Thankfully, the cakes made it safely!
(My husband is a great driver!)
Finally got it all assembled!
And there you have it!
The film reel graduation cake! I hope everyone enjoyed eating
it as much as I enjoyed creating it!
We're so proud of you, Grant! We look forward to
seeing how God uses you to change the world!
Posted by BeechemBrightSpots at 2:34 PM No comments:
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Eight years ago, the world of Adelaide parishioner Peter Rozitis' came crashing down following the sudden death of his wife of 31 years. "We'd been to Mass that day and she'd sung in the choir," Peter recalls of their last
Wife's death inspires Peter's life at the altar
John 6:51-58 Jesus said to the crowd: 'I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Whoever eats of this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.' 52The Jews then disputed among
Moral power the ultimate answer to violence
Last year a French movie was released, Of Gods and Men, that was described by The New York Times as "perhaps the best movie on Christian commitment ever made," writes Ron Rolheiser. Based on a true story it tells how, in 1996, an Islamic terrorist
To believe Richard Dawkins, and many other atheists, you'd think there is a deep gulf between science and religion, that the two are intractably at loggerheads and have nothing useful to say to each other. But this is at odds with what many other
Catholic women under 40 making a difference
To highlight the work of young women in the church, NCR Online asked contributors and readers to nominate Catholic women in the US under the age of 40 whose work has greatly impressed them. Here are 12 women that the judges selected who are making a
Fears that changes to the ACT vilification laws may see churches end up in court more often, NSW priests celebrate their 60th anniversary wearing the collar, and a group of Year 12 students from Gilroy Catholic College in Sydney (pictured) this
A gold nugget is found in the pope's butler's house, the church in Colombia helps negotiate the release of two hostages, Kosovo Catholics practise their faith openly, and the first Jesuit stand-up comedy show, featuring priest-in-training Jake Martin
Nazism on the couch
Hitler, photographed in 1925 by Heinrich Hoffmann, practising his oratorical gestures. Photograph: Heinrich Hoffmann/Getty Images --- The Pursuit of the Nazi Mind: Hitler, Hess and the Analysts by Daniel Pick - Reviewed by Frances Stonor
Why I have my parents to thank for my vocation
From Ireland, where he was bitten so badly by his father's bees that he couldn't wear a collar for Mass, to Australia, where he had the unusual opportunity to see his own coffin, Fr Micheál O'Sullivan's path has been an
Talented surgeon a role model for his community
Dr Glen John ('Herb') Coorey Born September 1932, died May 2012 Dr Glen John Coorey, (known in Sydney University and medical circles as 'Herb') was a highly talented surgeon who, because of his education and career, became a role
My own personal Ignatius
"St Ignatius of Loyola was first and foremost a man of God who in his life put God, his greatest glory and his greatest service, first … he left his followers a precious spiritual legacy that must not be lost or forgotten." These words of Pope Benedict
Then the Jews began to complain about Jesus
John 6:41-51 Then the Jews began to complain about Jesus because he said, 'I am the bread that came down from heaven.' 42They were saying, 'Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How can he now say,
The nourishing power of sacred rituals
This week in Melbourne, The Age newspaper, in an article titled "Dissidents preach a new breed of Catholicism", exhibited a new level of insensitivity by holding up to ridicule what is most sacred to Catholics - and indeed, to all Christians: the
A prayer for frustrated Catholics
A prayer for Catholics disappointed by the negativity and division that seem to plague the church today, by Fr James Martin SJ, in America magazine.
The Vatican, LCWR and definitions of dialogue
As I watch the back-and-forth between the Vatican and the Leadership Conference of Women Religious (LCWR), I'm struck by how the two sides are defining the concept of dialogue and its role in resolving Church conflict. Their starkly different views of
A bridge in the Northern Territory is named after a priest who bridged a cultural divide, the bishop of Rockhampton, Brian Heenan, has no thoughts of retirement and former olympic sprinter Kylie Hanigan (pictured) brings the Olympic torch to her old school in
The Vatican warns America over a threat to Catholicism, a church in Nigeria is attacked, US Archbishop Dolan is criticised for inviting the President to dinner, and France celebrates the centenary of Abbe Pierre (pictured) who founded Emaus. Vatican warns US
Death of the Australian 'Dante'
Robert Studley Forrest Hughes 28 July 1938 - 6 August 2012 - By Randy Kennedy Robert Studley Forrest Hughes was born July 28, 1938, in Sydney, into a family of successful lawyers. His father, Geoffrey Forrest Hughes, was a flying ace during World
Sr Mary's rewarding life, doing time
SR Mary Carroll RGS, 75, has been a Good Shepherd Sister for more than 50 years. For the past 30 of those years she has dedicated herself to caring for women in prison, first at Pentridge and Fairlea prisons and now at maximum and minimum security prisons for
Last hurrah of a lifelong poetic struggle
Braiding the Voices: Essays in PoetryBy Peter SteeleJohn Leonard Press, 310pp, $32.95 Less than a fortnight before his death on June 27, Peter Steele published the book he had struggled to bring to completion, Braiding the Voices, writes Chris


text: He could mean that Brock's goal as being a doctor wasn't expanded this special as Investigator Joy VS Forrest and the family was more focused. Him suggesting the ingredients to Nurse Joy and asking for Sudowoodo and Marill to get the supplies isn't as different than the previous times he's been on Ash's journey. Only small thing was him studying in his room in the beginning of the special. Everything else were things we've seen before except with a few surprises.


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Nice screenies, Endo :D
This member has provided no bio about themself...
Nice screenies, Endo :D
If you ever need help with spelling and grammar, just shoot me a message ;) I'm good at that stuff.
Tracking, I think this is gonna be great :)
Danke, mein fruend ^^
Or maybe "conducting" the scenery ;)
Liking the looks of these, can't wait to test >.<
Looks great :D
Looks great :D looking forward to this
When it's done :/
When it's done
That looks friggin awesome :D
Man, every time I see more progress, I get more excited to see this :D
Still accepting help, yes :)
That's because it's an alpha XD
Graphics are so beautiful ^^
Can't wait to see this :D
Niiiiiiiiiice! :D
Thank you :)
Sounds great :D
Sounds great :)
Can't wait to play this :D
Suggestion: unless the eight pages are extremely significant to the story, I would remove them, because it has been used so many times (especially in "scrawl" format) that it will take away from the game.
If you have something to contribute, yes :)
Me too XD
Great to hear :D
Not too bad myself, got 2 weeks of holidays upcoming in a couple of weeks, looking forward to them :)
Aiming to have a VERY early Alpha of AH-JS done by the end of the holidays (not to release, but rather for school purposes because my art project at school was an early Alpha for my game) :D
So, how are things going so far? :)
I thought I replied to this ages ago
Anyway, thank you :D
I'll still be helping out here and there, maybe shouting an idea here or contributing a model there, but most of my attention will be given to this and the other projects to come :)
Still patiently waiting :D
Hard to do, but I'll manage


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|Another dejecting finish for T.O., Cowboys after playoff loss to Giants
|Written by Admin
|Sunday, 13 January 2008 15:55
While his eyes were hidden behind dark sunglasses, he couldn't hide his disappointment - or his loyalty to quarterback Tony Romo - after the Cowboys' 21-17 playoff loss to the New York Giants on Sunday.
``This is not about Tony. You guys can point the finger at him, you can talk about the vacation, and if you do that, it's really unfair,'' Owens said, his voice cracking. ``It's really unfair. That's my teammate. That's my quarterback. You guys do that, it's not fair. We lost as a team. We lost as a team, man.''
A week after Romo's well-documented bye weekend getaway to Mexico with Jessica Simpson and a couple of teammates, the Cowboys' season is over. After a 13-3 regular season that clinched the NFC's top seed, Dallas instead made it 11 straight seasons without a postseason victory.
Romo's fourth-and-11 pass - intended for Terry Glenn, not a double-covered Owens - was intercepted by R.W. McQuarters in the end zone with 9 seconds left, ending the Cowboys' season.
Owens pushed his helmet awkwardly on top of his head and walked toward the sideline after the play.
Defeated and deflated, there were no more chances for T.O. and the Cowboys.
As promised, Owens was back on the field for the Cowboys after missing the regular season finale and 2 1/2 weeks of practice because of an ankle sprain.
Good thing he didn't wait, because there won't be another one this season.
``They kind of doubled T.O. on the outside and Terry had a guy running with him up the middle,'' Romo said. ``I tried to throw to the one guy in one-on-one and hope for something lucky.''


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Book Description:In 1956 two Bell Labs scientists discovered the scientific formula for getting rich. One was mathematician Claude Shannon, neurotic father of our digital age, whose genius is ranked with Einstein's. The other was John L. Kelly Jr., a Texas-born, gun-toting physicist. Together they applied the science of information theory--the basis of computers and the Internet--to the problem of making as much money as possible, as fast as possible.Shannon and MIT mathematician Edward O. Thorp took the "Kelly formula" to Las Vegas. It worked. They realized that there was even more money to be made in the stock market. Thorp used the Kelly system with his phenomenonally successful hedge fund, Princeton-Newport Partners. Shannon became a successful investor, too, topping even Warren Buffett's rate of return. Fortune's Formula traces how the Kelly formula sparked controversy even as it made fortunes at racetracks, casinos, and trading desks. It reveals the dark side of this alluring scheme, which is founded on exploiting an insider's edge.Shannon believed it was possible for a smart investor to beat the market--and Fortune's Formula will convince you that he was right.
Buyback (Sell directly to one of these merchants and get cash immediately)
One fine body…
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The mission of the Educational Leadership and Higher Education Administration (ELHE) programs is to prepare students for leadership positions in the field of educational leadership and higher education. Our department offers professional and certification programs at the graduate level. The graduate programs in Higher Education Administration prepare individuals for administrative positions at the college and university level. The professional and certification programs in Educational Leadership prepare individuals of administrative positions at the building and school district level.
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