text:
- Kent Devereaux Department Chair
- Francisco Orozco Music Department Administrator
- Megan Campbell-Miller Production Coordinator
- Alek Edmonds Technical Director
- Frank Phillips PONCHO Concert Hall Facilities Manager
Composition Faculty
- Tom Baker
- Steve Barsotti
- Emily Doolittle, Ph.D.
- Janice Giteck
- Gretta Harley
- Wayne Horvitz, Composition, Improvisation
- Eyvind Kang, Violin and Viola
- Jim Knapp, Trumpet, Jazz Composition
- Jovino Santos Neto, Piano, Jazz Composition
- Jarrad Powell
Instrumental Faculty
- Kofi Anang, African Drums
- John Carrington, Harp
- Brian Chin, Trumpet
- Peggy Dees, Clarinet
- Mara Gearman, Viola
- Brent Hages, Oboe and English horn
- Jeff Hay, Trombone
- Jennifer Hinkle, Trombone, Bass Trombone
- Mark Ivester, Drums
- Joe Kaufman, Double Bass
- Matt Kocmieroski, Percussion
- Seth Krimsky, Bassoon
- Martin Kuuskmann, Bassoon
- Paige Stockley Lerner, Cello
- Michael Jinsoo Lim, Violin
- Peter Mack, D.M.A., Piano
- Roger Nelson, Chorus, Piano, Conducting
- Michael Nicolella, Guitar
- Margie Pos, Bass, Musicianship
- Julian Priester, Trombone, Jazz History
- David Ritt, Trombone, Bass Trombone, Bass Trumpet
- Mark Robbins, French horn
- Murl Allen Sanders, Accordion
- Adam Stern, Conducting, Orchestral Studies
- Stephen Stubbs, Lute, Baroque Performance Practices
- Paul Taub, M.F.A., Flute
- Hans F. Teuber, Woodwinds
- Jay Thomas, Trumpet, Saxophone
- Ben Thomas, D.M.A., Vibraphone, Percussion
- Cristina Valdes, Piano
- Tom Varner, French Horn
Voice Faculty
- Michael Delos, Voice
- Becca Duran, Jazz Voice
- John Duykers, Voice, Opera
- Kelly Harland, Jazz Voice
- Johnaye Kendrick, Jazz Voice
- Jessika Kenney, Voice
- Natalie Lerch, D.M.A., Voice, Musical Theater, Opera
- Cyndia Sieden
- Kathryn Weld, Voice
- Beth Winter, Jazz Voice
Jazz Faculty
- Tim Carey, Jazz Theory
- Dawn Clement, Piano
- Paul de Barros, Jazz History
- Chuck Deardorf, Bass, Jazz Ensembles
- Becca Duran, Jazz Voice
- Gary Gibson, Percussion and Music Notation
- Randy Halberstadt, Piano, Jazz Theory
- Jeff Hay, Trombone
- Wayne Horvitz, Composition, Improvisation
- Mark Ivester, Drums
- Eyvind Kang, Violin and Viola
- Johnaye Kendrick, Jazz Voice
- Jim Knapp, Trumpet, Jazz Composition
- Jovino Santos Neto, Piano, Jazz Composition
- Margie Pos, Bass, Musicianship
- Julian Priester, Trombone, Jazz History
- Murl Allen Sanders, Accordion
- Chris Spencer, Jazz Guitar
- Hans F. Teuber, Woodwinds
- Jay Thomas, Trumpet, Saxophone
- Ben Thomas, D.M.A., Vibraphone, Percussion
- Tom Varner, French Horn
- Beth Winter, Jazz Voice
Early Music Faculty
- Vicki Boeckman, Recorder
- Tekla Cunningham, Violin
- Jillon Stoppels Dupree, Harpsichord
- Maxine Eilander, Harp
- Kris Kwapis, D.M.A., Baroque Trumpet, Cornetto
- Anna Mansbridge, Renaissance & Baroque Dance
- Ingrid Matthews, Violin
- Byron Schenkman, Piano, Harpsichord
- Janet See, Baroque Flute
- Stephen Stubbs, Lute, Baroque Performance Practices
- Margriet Tindemans, Viola da Gamba
- Nathan Whittaker, Baroque Cello
- Nancy Zylstra, Voice
Jim Knapp
Jim Knapp is a trumpet player, composer, and bandleader. Born in Chicago, Knapp received B.A. and M.A. degrees in Music Composition from the University of Illinois where he studied with Kenneth Gaburo and Salvatore Martirano, among others. For the past thirty-eight years he has made Seattle his home, where he has led the Composers and Improvisors Orchestra, various small jazz ensembles, and more recently, the Jim Knapp Orchestra.
Knapp has received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Seattle Arts Commission, King County Arts Commission, Meet the Composer, and Artist Trust. In November 2006, he was honored by Cornish College of the Arts with a special award recognizing his "35 Years of Jazz." In 2007, he was inducted into the Earshot Jazz Hall of Fame.
The Jim Knapp Orchestra has recorded three CDs: Things for Now on A-Records, On Going Home on Seabreeze, and Secular Breathing on the Origin label. As a composer and performer Knapp has recorded for the ECM, A-Records, Origin, Pony Boy, Seabreeze, Flying Fish, Catalyst, and Mode record labels.


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November 27, 2014
COLUMBIA, Mo. (AP) - The Missouri womens basketball coach has apologized after two of her leading scorers were arrested on suspicion of misdemeanor assault and indefinitely suspended.
At a regular post-game press conference Sunday, Cindy Stein apologized to the community, the athletic administration and the "whole Mizzou nation."
Stein confirmed the girls' suspensions were indefinite. She said more information would be made available "at an appropriate time."
Senior forwards Jessra Johnson and Amanda Hanneman were arrested
Friday. Police have said the two were involved in an argument off campus. The Columbia Daily Tribune reported that the victim was a male cheerleader.
Johnson was averaging 14.1 points per game while Hanneman was chipping in with 13.3 points per game before the suspensions.
Copyright 2014 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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November 5, 2014 - Industry News
Bobit Business Media has acquired the Truck Fleet Management media properties from the American Trucking Associations (ATA) in a deal that closed Nov. 5.
Tags: Bobit Business Media, ATA, Mergers & Acquisitions
July 24, 2014 - Industry News
Kristin O'Driscoll, fleet manager for Baxter Healthcare, was honored with the 2014 Fleet Safety Award at a lunchtime ceremony held on July 23 during the 3rd annual Fleet Safety Conference, in Schaumburg, Ill.
Tags: Bobit Business Media, AALA, Fleet Safety Conference, Fleet Safety Award, Awards
July 9, 2014 - Industry News
Family, friends, and colleagues paid their respects to Ed Bobit at a memorial service, honoring the Bobit Business Media founder and chairman as a publishing force known for his tough-but-fair approach to business and family.
Tags: Ed Bobit, Automotive Fleet, Bobit Business Media, Memorials
June 29, 2014 - Industry News
Ed Bobit, founder and chairman of Bobit Business Media, and publisher of Automotive Fleet magazine and many other media brands, passed away June 29 at the age of 86.
Tags: Ed Bobit, Obituary, Bobit Business Media, Automotive Fleet
March 12, 2013 - Industry News
Bobit Business Media announced that Kate Miller has left the company to pursue new opportunities. Miller had been publisher of Heavy Duty Trucking and was president of Newport Business Media when it was acquired by Bobit in May 2012.
Tags: Bobit Business Media, Heavy Duty Trucking magazine
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text:
I own a 2013 WRX Sedan
This is what I have done so far and the direction that I'm going in.
Looking for about 350whp when all is said and done.
Rally Armour mud flaps
Subaru OEM rain guards
Black special edition badges
Side body moldings
JDM vinyls chrome delete
Vinyl emblem overlays
Kartboy front and rear shifter bushing
WhiteLine positive shift kit
Kartboy shift linkage bushings
Kartboy pivot bushings*
Beatrush propeller shaft mounts*
WhiteLine swaybars 24mm front (Stiff) 22mm rear (Middle setting)
Kartboy Endlinks
Engine Modifications:
Cobb down pipe catted
Cobb SF Intake
Cobb air box DEI reflectagold lined
Invidia N1 cat back
GrimSpeed heat shield
PTP turbo blanket
Custom Stage2 Tuned by Brentuning
Interior Mods:
SPT short throw shifter and bushing
WC Lathe Werks custom shifter
Cobb AP and dash mount
Now for the near future:
Process Wes TMIC
DW65c fuel pump
750-1000cc Injectors
Wideband 02 sensor
Killer B Equal Length Headers ( I'm selling a kidney)
Re Tune by BrenTuning Charlton Ma
*Awaiting installation


text:
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About Us
We spend a lot of time at Petco, usually in Rehoboth. We try to do the 2nd and 4th Saturdays, but keep an eye for information if things change. Kristi's Kats tries to find homes for all of the kats in the rescue, but if that does not happen, they will live their life here. However, the more kats that are adopted, the more we can help. You can do your help by adopting, fostering, networking the available kats. Please let me know if you have questions!
All the cats in the rescue have been tested for FIV and Feline Leikemia. They are up to date on their shots and have already been spayed or neutered. The only exception would be a kitten that is too small to be fixed. If that is the case, there is an additional fee to adopt a kitten. The State of Delaware requires a deposit for animals not fixed at time of adoption. The general adoption fee per cat is $50. Please let me know if you have any questions.
Kristi's Kats, Inc. is a small cat rescue that started with just 1 litter of kittens and a feral colony. Now that the colony has stabilized, KKI is becoming a formally recognized cat rescue. Currently, we only take cats and kittens from other rescues that need a little bit of extra attention.
Kristi's Kats, Inc. focuses on the special needs cats. Sometimes this means missing appendages, eye issues, severe upper respiratory infections, and so on. These cats need a little one-on-one and time to heal.
As of November 1, 2013, we are now a 501(c)3 tax exempt organization! We always need cleaning supplies, paper towels, laundry detergent, mops, kitty litter, cat food, bedding (sheets, towels, blankets), gift certificates to the Georgetown SPCA or Four Paws Animal Hospital for care, trash bags, and more. We also need people to volunteer. Litter boxes need to be cleaned, floors need to be washed, and cats need to be loved. If you are interested in helping out, please call or email Kristi's Kats, Inc.
****Please Note - Not all of our adoptable cats are on this page. We have several long term residents that would love their own home, but we feel these resources are best for showcasing our most adoptable. All the cats in the rescue are loved and SAFE. If you are one of those people that prefers cats (not kittens) and wants to help one of these cats, please call.***
Also, don't forget to check out our webpage: www.kristiskats.com.
The cats would love to have visitors. Please contact the rescue if you are interested.


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I had a couple of issues integrating it into another component (Fox Contact) but Viktor fixed it. Now it works across my site clean and simple.
Use it - and donate!!
Thank you very much for your review!
Also... I think it would be VERY cool to have the option to allow the form to auto-populate the email address field for registered users based on their login credentials.
Good module though... just not quite 100% there for me - yet :-)
Thank you for the review.
You could have contacted me to learn that there is a custom version that shows the form again, after submitting a question.
Moreover, it is quite unusual for a user -not a tester- to submit the form twice on a row.
Why would he do that, other than spamming?
The feature for the auto email is a nice idea.
Thanks for that.
If you'd like to contact me and get these two features, please do not hesitate to do so at email@example.com


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Home / Blog / Poor First Half Dooms Hornets, Leads to 101-97 Loss To the Nets / Eric Gordon Nets
Eric Gordon Nets
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Published: February 26, 2013
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text: Wonderful opportunity for commercial and residential income property. Main floor has nearly 1000 square feet with a large front office/shop, two smaller offices and can accommodate two separate bathrooms. There is a full basement for plenty of storage. There is also a two car attached garage with access from the alley. Upstairs is a two unit apartment . This property also comes with the vacant lot to the east of the building. Great income potential or own your business and live upstairs!


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okay this person did the crime back in 1989 served some time and got good time for that but was also supposed to do probation for one year and did not.Has been pulled over a couple of time and never told there was a warrant for his arrest.Now, in 2013 he was pulled over and told he has a warrant out of Ohio and taken to jail.What can be done if anything he currently is in another state living now well arrested now ,will they take him back to Ohio?
Although, I do not practice in Ohio, I am fairly confident that there is no statute of limitations on probation revocations. He will have to take care of the Ohio warrant.
Like Mr. Luna, I do not practice law in the State of Ohio. That said, I have never heard of a statute of limitations applying when it comes to a probation revocation. They may indeed take him back to Ohio. He needs a criminal defense attorney to deal with this!
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Red Mango - what do you think?
One is opening on my block and I would hope it is healthy......
I've only tried three of those frozen yogurt places -- Red Mango, Pinkberry and Crazy Bananas. Red Mango tastes the best, IMO. Apparently, it seems that other people would disagree as Pinkberry is always so crowded. But I think that comes from marketing more than anything else.
I haven't been to any of the other yogurt places aside from RM but I do like it a lot. Just the right combo of sweet and sour. I'd stay away from the shakes because the flavor seemed a little muted for some reason when I got one. Otherwise, it's great!
Taboo, if you're really interested in frozen yogurt, check out this recent thread.
Red Mango might be my fave of these places now, though Yolato is close... also really like ks cause it's healthier-less sugar, so tastes it. I have been a Pinkberry fan, but those days seem to be fadin g;-) i do like their green tea flavor alot, but like Red Mango's better.
I love Red Mango! The plain if great. Creamy, not too tart. A great treat. I usually hate frozen yogurt, either it is too sweet, grainy tasting or has a too fake tartness. This is perfect. You are lucky they are opening on your block. Well maybe not your wallet. It isn't cheap...


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Highly Recommended, one of King's best film adaptations.
Even though the ending is very, very depressing, I said to myself, you know, for once a movie ended the way it really should have, and keeps you wondering "why?"
Sadler then suddenly finds religion, following probably the stangest character of them all Marcia Gay Harden as Mrs Carmody.
I've always said: "a *true* horror story cannot have a happy ending" - it must end with the protagonist dead, dying, permanently disfigured, damaged or hopelessly insane. Read morePublished 5 days ago by Ed Urd
Great Movie!, It's very rare for me to not predict the ending of a horror thriller. Great Ending!Published 6 days ago by Joe Shmo
Quite gorey at times; didn't feel it was necessary. My 14-year-old grandson and I both read Stephen King, and enjoy his movies, which we watch together. Read morePublished 7 days ago by Patricia
The Mist has everything that a scary movie about monsters should have. You will not be disappointed. It is one of my favorite Stephen King movies of all time. Read morePublished 7 days ago by Skillet Black
Very well done-follows the story pretty well and not one of the dumb "Rock & Roll" type Stephen Kind adaptations. Serious & Scary.Published 9 days ago by JSMCO
|From this Discussion
|THE MIST in Glorious BLACK & WHITE!
yeah, the black and white version is great, btw!!!
Mar 25, 2008 by J. Osborne | See all 12 posts
Hey Sara,
Yeah I saw that too. I geeked out and high fived my friends over it!
Nov 11, 2008 by Brian Swane | See all 6 posts
|What's on disc 2?
lots of cool making-of's AND a b/w version of The Mist.two movies for the price of one.can't beat that.
Apr 22, 2008 by Christoper L. Gaona | See all 2 posts
|Limited Collector's Edition....Anyone...
I just looked in the two disc collector's edition I got from Amazon and in the dvd jacket there is a 6 page booklet. There is some pages with the title From the Director and Screenwriter, some more titled Stephen King On His Collaboration with Frank Darabont, and finally one titled Stephen King... Read More
May 29, 2008 by Mike Liddell | See all 3 posts
|the double feature Mist/1408 blu ray
According to screenshots of the back of the blu-ray case, it has no extras and probably both movies on 1 dual-side disc..If you have the money you might as well get The Mist 2 disc version which comes with a black and white version and bunch of extras.
Apr 14, 2013 by V. Phann | See all 2 posts
|3 actors from the walking dead
|Be the first to reply


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Published by Vivendi, Developed by Vivendi
US release date: Oct 30th, 2007 | EU release date: -
This dragon has been slain.
Review written by
Spyro used to be one of the best platformers around. His PS1 games made Mario 64 look like a piece of crap. But after that, Spyro began to suffer the same fate as Mr Crash Bandicoot- new companies began to come in and make Spyro games, but the series was going nowhere. These games were basically the same thing again and again. So also like Crash B, The Spyro formula was changed to be more combat oriented, thus the "Legend of Spyro" trilogy was born. But unlike Crash, the change didn't work so well for Spyro.
Repetitive. You progress through a linear path, and along the way, you're attacked by enemies and must unleash all your badass new elemental moves to defeat them. Sounds good, right? Well, it was the first few times, but that's pretty much what the entire game consists of. And 90% of the time, it's the same freakin' enemies- evil baboons.
A darn shame considering the Spyro series was once praised for its variety. The fight mechanics themselves are also flawed. The monkeys mercilessly slaughter poor Spyro. It's nearly impossible to recover from an attack since they just keep hitting you.
There are platforming segments on occasion, but not only are they all exactly the same each time, they might as well have been ripped straight out of other games. There is absolutely nothing original about this game.
But developer Krome Studios made this trilogy to tell a story, and they do that quite well. The story picks up where the last game, Legend of Spyro: New Beginning left off. Spyro has to stop Gaul the Ape King from resurrecting the Dark Master. It actually gets very deep and has the voices of Elijah Wood, Billy West and Gary Oldman. But the fact the story is interesting does not excuse the gameplay flaws.
The graphics are average, as is the music. Storyline is the only thing this game really has going for it, and I dunno about you guys, but I don't play a game to read a book. I play it to have a good time, which Spyro: Eternal Night has failed to provide.
No posts yet for this game. Silence is golden?
Yacht Club Games Interview
David D'Angelo gives us some chat on Shovel Knight
Reggie Fils-Aime Talks Nintendo Third Party Woes
Who needs Call of Duty when you have Mario and Zelda
11.5.2014 Nintendo Direct Showcases Upcoming Games
2015 shaping up to be a great year
Nintendo Introducing a Pre-Download Option for its Digital Releases
An exciting idea that brings a potential problem with it
Former Factor 5 President Reveals Cancelled Rogue Squadron Game for the Wii
The force wasn't strong with this one
3DS Homebrew Channel Back on Track After Slight Delay
Giving gamers a place to brew their own games
Pokemon: Omega Ruby/Alpha Sapphire Dual Pack Confirmed
Why choose, when you can have both
Wii U Owners Frustrated Over Low Stock for Bayonetta 2
This witch is proving elusive for gamers
Super Smash Bros. Overload
8 player smash, new game modes, stage builder, and the return of Mewtwo
Psyscrolr Prepares To Imbue The Wii U eShop With Psychic Platforming
Mind Bending
Planes: Fire & Rescue
Released on November 6th, 2014
The Voice: I Want You
Released on October 21st, 2014
Skylanders Trap Team
Released on October 5th, 2014
Wipeout: Create & Crash
Angry Birds Star Wars
Released on October 29th, 2013
Anonymous said:
The Wii U is certainly unique - no question about that. Regarding third-party support, I'd make a distinction ... Reggie Fils-Aime Talks Nintendo Third Party Woes
Rob Jones said:
Nice one Matt, good interview. ... Yacht Club Games Interview
Zachary Wickwire said:
This was a good read. I am glad to hear that they have so much planned for Shovel Knight, it was easily one of the best ... Yacht Club Games Interview
sena_16 said:
how will you play this thing YA-HA! ... Eyeshield 21
Rob Jones said:
I've got the basic white Wii U, so my USB hard drive is a godsend. ... Nintendo Introducing a Pre-Download Option for its Digital Releases
Wii's World is not officially affiliated with Nintendo! (but they wish we were).


text:
A note from Les Cayes, Haiti...
Jolette, a 13 year old intelligent young girl, entered our clinic with her mother and a "Good Samaritan" who noticed them having difficulty getting a ride on a motorcycle taxi because Jolette was "not normal." She needed surgery on her severely bowed legs when she was younger, but her family could not afford it. Jolette had performed well in school, making excellent grades and entertaining her classmates with her beaming personality. However, this past year, her mother could no longer afford to buy a uniform or pay school fees, so Jolette stayed at home while the mother tried to find work cleaning and selling items on the street. MTI's Advantage Program was able to arrange for surgery on Jolette's legs and she is now receiving post-surgery care from the clinical staff. She is now walking with a walker and entered school again this past fall.
We are grateful to Good Samaritans such as this man and YOU who have assisted the Medical Teams International Haiti Advantage Program to share the love of God! Thank you for your generous support of our programs in Haiti.
Yesterday, our Tigard REAL. LIFE. Exhibit received a visit from a very generous local girl!
After visiting the exhibit with her nursing school class this winter, Oregon resident Stephanie Hartwig brought home several flyers about MTI's work to share with her family. Her 7-year-old daughter Kylah was very interested in the material and decided she wanted to raise money for a ventilated stove to help a family in Guatemala. For Christmas, Kylah requested that her family and friends donate a portion of what they would have spent on her presents to her stove fund.
Kylah ended up raising $150 - even more than the $130 it costs to build a stove - and came in with her parents to personally donate!
This traditional stove fills a home with smoke, making it difficult for children to breathe.
A Guatemalan family with a new ventilated stove built by MTI volunteers.
Thank you to Kylah and all of our donors who time and again generously demonstrate the love of Christ to all people in need!
Visit our REAL. LIFE. Exhibit to experience firsthand what it's like to live in a Guatemalan community where children die easily from preventable diseases.
Today MTI staff delivered hygiene supply kits to impacted families as well as rescue workers and volunteers who have been working nonstop since the March 22 mudslide that devastated the small community of Oso, Washington, destroying homes and lives.
We delivered over 300 kits of donated supplies at the request of Snohomish County Emergency Response. The supplies, such as toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo, and soap, were assembled by MTI staff and volunteers.
© 2013 Medical Teams International. All rights reserved


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Cute Cottage in Nature, 3min. to Hotels, Palm Beach & Tierra Del Sol, Aruba $115
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By James J. Green |
May 20, 2013
Clark has shown quiet but confident leadership not merely in growing Schwab's custody unit, but in addressing many of advisors' most trying issues.
By Michael Finke |
January 23, 2013
A recent survey conducted by Fidelity Investments found that only 57% of clients felt their advisor provided value during "recent market conditions."
By Marlene Y. Satter |
September 28, 2012
Among the winners is David King, who will be honored posthumously for his visionary devotion to the development of the financial planning movement as an established profession.
By Susan B. Weiner |
December 1, 2006
For most advisors, it's a no-brainer to pick the fund with lower expenses, assuming the fund's style, market capitalization and other major factors are equal....
By Angie Herbers |
July 1, 2005
My articles in the February and March issues of this magazine about the lack of a career path for young planners ("Great Divide") certainly struck...
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There's more to an investment portfolio than just stocks and bonds. More specifically, there's more staying power to a portfolio that makes room for the...
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Just the Answer – Brian Duffy, Guinness
Smirnoff and Johnnie Walker may make Diageo more money, but there is no more iconic brand in its portfolio than Guinness. Nevertheless, speculation continues that Diageo may sell off its main beer brand. In this month's Just the Answer interview, Brian Duffy, global brand director for Guinness, addresses that question, while also discussing Guinness's progress in Africa where it was recently hit by a counterfeiting scam, the development of off-trade sales and product innovation.
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Click Here for Articles About JIMMY KIMMEL LIVE
VIDEO: Matt Damon Seeks Revenge on Tonight's JIMMY KIMMEL LIVE
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November 21, 2014
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November 20, 2014
|Related: JIMMY KIMMEL LIVE, ABC
Since the beginning of Jimmy Kimmel Live in 2003, the Late-Night host has made it a nightly tradition to 'bump' Matt Damon from his show, explaining that unfortunately he's run out of time for the A-list star. The two men have a decade long history of taunting each other.
Now Damon has taken matters into his own hands. The Oscar winner accepted Kimmel's invitation to finally be a guest on his show tonight, but then arrived at the "JKL" studio this morning and promptly took Kimmel hostage. How will the show go on? Tune in TONIGHT at 11:35 p.m., ET on ABC.
Below, check out Matt Damon's plan for revenge!
Jimmy Kimmel serves as host and executive producer of Emmy Award-nominated "Jimmy Kimmel Live," the ABC Television Network's late-night talk show. Now in its tenth season, "JKL" is packed with hilarious comedy bits and features a diverse lineup of guests including celebrities, athletes, musicians, comedians and humorous human interest subjects. Every night Kimmel delivers his up-to-the minute take on the latest news and pop culture topics from the day's events in his monologue
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- VIDEO: SNL & Cameron Diaz Parody New ANNIE Film with 'Sneak Peek'
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A family lunch was really enjoyed by all we sat outside on the front as it is a lovely quiet village. I often bring our wi lunch club as it is a local clear favourite excellent service and value for money really nice home cooked food.
- Also Known As:
- The Old Ship Hotel Lowdham
- The Old Ship Inn Lowdham, England


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Grizzlies take note of rhythm as preseason rolls on
As the preseason grinds on, the Memphis Grizzlies take on Rio de Janeiro Flemengo on Friday (Oct. 17th) at FedExForum. It will be the second preseason home game, following a 93-88 victory over the Atlanta Hawks last Saturday (Oct. 11).
The Grizz will take the home court after falling on the road to the Kevin Durant-less Oklahoma City Thunder on Tuesday. It was OKC's first game since perennial All Start Durant went down with an injury that will keep him sidelined for several weeks.
- Written by Kelley Evans
- Category: Original


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Making your own baby food not only saves you money but allows you control over what's in your baby's...
We're still frosting in Kansas but the herbs have gone on sale, and I'm happy to report that even th...
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This Delicious and Moist High Fiber Muffins recipe is a tasty way to get your daily dose of fiber.
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Golf: Lydia Ko dreading Singapore heat at HSBC Women's Champions
Published on Jan 15, 2014 12:35 PM
Singapore's stifling heat is the biggest concern for golf prodigy Lydia Ko as she prepares to tee off at the HSBC Women's Champions tournament next month.
The 16-year-old New Zealander is among the biggest draws of the Feb 27-March 2 event, which carries a prize purse of US$1.4 million (S$1.75 million).
The teenager, ranked fourth in the world after turning pro in October, first played here at the Queen Sirikit Cup last year, where she led the Kiwis to a runners-up finish.
"I remember it was really, really hot," she said during a phone interview with Singapore media on Wednesday.
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- "Tap Dance Now That's Entertainment"
The New AM 740 presents the ARB production of Tap Dance Now That's Entertainment featuring Arthur Duncan of The Lawrence Welk Show
November 27 at Carmen's Dinner Theatre in Hamilton.
Tickets are available by calling 1-800-753-9857 or go to carmens.com.
- Nov 27
- Hamilton
- Celtic Christmas: Donnell Leahy & Family
The New AM 740 is the "Official Radio Sponsor" of the TSO's Pop Concert…Celtic Christmas: Donnell Leahy & Family - December 9 and 10 at Roy Thomson Hall.
Join JUNO Award–winning fiddler Donnell Leahy and his family plus special guest Natalie MacMaster for a Celtic holiday celebration! Complete with fiddling, dancing, and storytelling, it's sure to be a high-energy, action-packed performance that will make your Christmas season.
For more information or to order tickets visit tso.ca or call (416) 593-4828.
- Dec 9
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- Venus if Fur
Venus in Fur
The New AM 740 is the "Official Radio Sponsor" of last year's hottest play Venus in Fur (the "Dora Award" winner)
See the much anticipated performance at The Berkeley Street Theatre in Downtown Toronto from December 18 to 28.
A 4-star sexy showdown of the sexes that was the Audience Favorite at the 2014 Dora Awards.
For more information or to buy tickets call (416) 368-3110 or go to canadianstage.com.
- Dec 18
- Toronto
- Jersey Boys
"TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE!" raves the New York Post for JERSEY BOYS, the Tony®, Grammy® and Olivier Award-winning Best Musical about Rock and Roll Hall of Famers The Four Seasons: Frankie Valli, Bob Gaudio, Tommy DeVito and Nick Massi. This is the true story of how four blue-collar kids became one of the greatest successes in pop music history. They wrote their own songs, invented their own sounds and sold 175 million records worldwide—all before they were 30!
On from December 17, 2014 – January 4, 2015 at Ed Mirvish Theatre.
For tickets visit mirvish.com.
- Dec 18
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Matt Dusk
A Juno Award-nominated Crooner who has the winning combination of charm and talent! Matt Dusk will perform a repertoire of swing, pop, and jazz, adding a modern twist to the standards.
Hits: "My Funny Valentine," "Two Shots of Happy One Shot of Sad" and "This Could be the Start of Something Big."
It's a holiday performance that you don't want to miss!
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Bob Kinnear, President, Amalgamated Transit Union Local 113 suggests that the rules for distracted drivers are unclear and unevenly enforced.… read more
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OPP Sergeant Dave Woodford and Commissioner Chris Lewis discuss distracted drivers and take Zoomers calls on other road safety issues.… read more
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|By PlatformPCPS3Xbox 360Wii U3DSPS VitaAndroidiPhoneiPadOther HardwareEditor's Choiceby Author
|By LatestThe best and worst s : May Returns WWE 2K15
5.0Sonic Boom: Rise of Lyric
5.0Super Smash Bros. for Wii U
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7.5Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha...
9.0Never Alone
7.0Review in Progress: World of... Five Nights at Freddy's 2
7.0Mario Kart 8 DLC Pack 1
8.5More reviews
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Spencer and I are both two people who get really excited whenever our favorite non-denominational holiday rolls around. We have already been getting into the mood by listening to some of the greatest seasonal song hits from B...
When I was a child, I use to collect these small flesh colored rubber men. They were pretty odd, but they were all unique. They were called Muscle Men, and I had an army of them. Then my destructive self decided to let them m...
|Johnny Luchador
You guys may remember a movie called The Golden Compass. While out searching for games to play on a show Spencer and I came across the game based on this movie. This movie had bears wearing armor...BEARS IN ARMOR. So naturall...
As you might've heard yesterday, I am back with Destructoid as full-time Video Warlock. And so, I've wasted absolutely no time whatsoever abusing my newfound power, and here's the first episode of my new show: Sexy Video Game News Hole. It is exactly what it sounds like.
Today, we discuss the absurd contraption rigged up for the VR Japan Oculus Rift game jam this last weekend, which was basically a robotic arm and a Fleshlight rigged up as a peripheral for the popular virtual reality headset.
(I'm sorry, Mom.)view full story + comments
Spencer and I pretty much agree that Mario Party 2 is the best in the series. The characters cosplay depending on what stage they were in! You haven't Mario Partied until you see Donkey Kong in a wizard outfit, that's what I ...
Look at that thing. LOOK AT IT. My god we're beautiful.
In fact, I'd go so far as to say that Dtoiders are the sexiest people at any industry event. E3? Check. gamescom. Czech. PAX? You bet your ass, check. And because we're so sexy, we love taking pictures of each other. ALL. THE. TIME. And this year's PAX Prime was no exception!
So please enjoy this gallery of community photos, courtesy of Mr. Gobbldigook and Meanderbot! Got any other photos to add to the gallery? Drop the link in the comments and I'll upload them!view full story + comments
I really like Killer is Dead. I want to like it more, but I'm increasingly unsure if I should. Unfortunately, the awful Gigolo missions are a big part of planting the seed of distrust in my mind.
Hah! I bet you thought you'd avoided a tirade on why Killer is Dead's Gigolo missions are the worst thing since Reaganomics when Chris Carter only mentioned them in passing in his review. Allow me to Killer is Shed some light on the problem.
Gentlemen, get your oils and scented candles ready, because Senran Kagura Burst will be arriving in Europe some time in Q1 2014. Americans received a localization confirmation from XSEED earlier this week, seemingly leaving o...
|Tony Ponce
Senran Kagura Burst is coming to the Nintendo 3DS in North America, XSEED Games has announced. The Tamsoft-developed side-scrolling brawler will launch exclusively via the Nintendo eShop this fall. A two for one followi...
|Kyle MacGregor
Hey guys! I'm back! And here's today's Destructoid Show, gettin' nasty and stupid with its bad self. Rayman Legends is hitting PC, which is great. The Oculus Rift is supported by a game about sexy maids, Saints Row IV has a ...
|Max Scoville
Oh my God... what is happening in those first 10 seconds!? Nintendo suddenly realized that it forgot to advertise the Wii U and has scrambled to put together a set of TV commercials. But the one for New Super Luigi U is just...
|Tony Ponce
The fourth Smash Bros. was only announced last week, but fans the world over have already contributed a wealth of art based on the three new characters. However, Japanese art community pixiv has taken a particularly big shine...
|Tony Ponce
Hello boys and girls, here's today's Destructoid Show for you to rub your dirty little eyeballs all over. Mmmm. Yes, just like that.
Bethesda is done with Skyrim, and they've now begun teasing their next exciting mystery project. Killer Is Dead has dirty nasty sexy gigolo missions for you to do when your parents aren't in the room. Respawn Entertainment trademarks "Titan," whatever that means. XCOM promotional materials are disappearing from the web, possibly to pave way for a rebranding, and Lobo is the first DLC for Injustice: Gods Among Us.view full story + comments
[Update: Skullgirls lead designer Mike Z has contacted Destructoid to say that ZONE's pornographic work was not considered during the hiring process. The writer apologizes for not making it clear that this was ...
|Vito Gesualdi
8bit Ego artist Josh Summana, who recently shared a time-lapse video of his killer Donkey Kong painting, has clued me into a new piece as part of his "Heroes" line. If you haven't already, do check out his "Villains" line as...
|Tony Ponce
It's disgusting how men continue to be objectified in the games industry. Here's our latest example: meningameshotornot.tumblr.com Despite all their hard work, award winning Tweets, and awesome review-score-giving abilities, ...
|Allistair Pinsof


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April 8 (Bloomberg) -- Barton Crocket, Analyst at Friedman Billings Ramsey, discusses the state of online streaming video and Amazon's claims of surpassing both Hulu and Apple. He speaks on Bloomberg Television's "In The Loop." (Source: Bloomberg)
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Story: Nov 18, 2014
New film studies prof helps students appreciate film as art ...
CIA Exhibition: Nov 07, 2014
Fall 2014 Exhibitions
Story: Nov 15, 2014
Students capture two of the top prizes in museum's surreal d...
Events: Dec 05, 2014
Student Holiday Craft Sale
Social: a day ago via Facebook
Registration opens on Monday, Nov. 25 for the Cleveland Institute of Arts 2D3D national art and design competition for high school students. There are 13 cash ...
Story: Nov 04, 2014
New CIA building taking shape; set for December completion
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CIA again named to "Best in the Midwest" list
Cinematheque . Film Schedule . This is Not a Film
In Film Nist
2011 | Jafar Panahi, Mojtaba Mirtahmasb
Master Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi (The White Balloon, The Circle, Offside), currently under house arrest in Tehran while appealing a six-year prison sentence and a 20-year-ban on filmmaking, documents (via digital video) a day in his apartment-bound life. The result, which was smuggled out of Iran to the Cannes Film Festival on a flash drive hidden in a cake (!), is one of the year's most subversive and acclaimed whatsits. "A great film…A triumph of creativity and courage over repression." –Entertainment Weekly. Has a 100% "fresh" rating (unanimous favorable reviews) on RottenTomatoes.com!
at the Cleveland Institute of Art
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Connect your printer to Ethernet systems using the NC-6100h print server.
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Steelcase launched Redeem and Retrieve, two new seating upholstery fabrics that are the result of an innovative recycling process established in collaboration with Designtex, Victor Group, and Unifi.Add a comment
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA's) Final Rule for the Disposal of Controlled Substances was recently published.Add a comment
Keep America Beautiful (KAB) said that Lowe's has awarded KAB a $1 million Lowe's Community Partners grant. Lowe's donation will support more than 60 local community service projects and KAB's Great American Cleanup, the nation's largest community improvement program.Add a comment
A new company, swissRTec America, Inc., specializing in recycling technology, has opened its doors in Kensington, New Hampshire.Add a comment
SG Preston (SGP), a bioenergy company, has planned development of a 120 million gallon renewable diesel facility in Lawrence County, Ohio. The SGP South Point facility will have total investment of $400 million, create 100 permanent jobs and be the world's largest purpose-built producer of renewable diesel upon completion, estimated to occur in 2017.
A key component of the facility's development is the licensing by SG Preston of advanced process technology which has been successfully proven at commercial scale at other locations. This technology efficiently converts waste feedstock into renewable diesel, which is chemically identical to petroleum-based diesel and can be used as a drop-in replacement in vehicles with no modifications. Moreover, this technology allows SG Preston to customize its biofuel offering by adjusting fuel characteristics to meet various operating environments (extreme cold or heat) of the end user without diluting energy content in the fuel blend. This technologically advanced process also delivers lifecycle reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared with diesel from petroleum.
Other partners in the project include the Lawrence County Economic Development Council, which is investing 62 acres in land and other incentives. The Appalachian Partnership for Economic Growth and JobsOhio were also instrumental in securing the investment and technology to play a role in the future of southern Ohio.
"For SG Preston, this is an important milestone and part of a larger vision of partnering with leading, global refining technology partners and local communities to develop a portfolio of renewable diesel and renewable jet fuel refineries targeting 1.2 billion gallons per year, or 20 percent of the federal RFS2 biomass-based mandate for biofuels," said R. Delbert LeTang, chief executive officer of SG Preston.
Pre-engineering studies for the facility are expected to begin in September 2014, with commercial operations targeted for 2017.
Published in the September 2014 Edition of American Recycler NewsAdd a comment
Tucson's Environmental Services Department (ES) began a pilot program to collect food scraps from local restaurants and grocery stores.Add a comment


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good pads
Reviewed By Songyun X (Sunnyvale, CA) Reviewed for a 2013 Volkswagen GTI —11/24/2014 10:29 PM
it's a good pads. a little bit noise sometime. but not a big deal. can feel the improve of stopping the car.
Reviewed By Khoranhlai M (Lithonia, GA) Reviewed for a 2003 Honda Accord —11/3/2014 11:47 AM
I did research on the best brakes and EBC came up. I'm very impressed. I'm a fast driver, so I need good stopping power. These brakes don't disappoint. I'm very pleased with my purchase. Not to mention the price was great!


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Everyone claims to be a descendant of this writer dude. But, really, most of you are new world wannabes looking for some legitimate connections that only my family has.
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It is a bad hotel. The room is dirty, unconfortable and old. Have a good location, bed and air condicioned. Don't habe fridge in the room. I hope never come back here. The location is great near to every thing.
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WITN Week In Review
Posted: 06/27/2014 - WITN takes a quick look back at some of the top stories from the past week.
Posted: 06/27/2014 - WITN takes a quick look back at some of the top stories from the past week.
Updated: 06/30/2014 - The Coast Guard has ended its search for a diver missing off our coast last week.
Posted: 06/27/2014 - Fort Bragg could lose 16,000 military and civilian jobs in the next six years under a new projection of the impact of the shrinking defense budget.
Updated: 06/27/2014 - A 12-year-old Detroit, Michigan boy who had been missing for a week and a half and was the subject of an extensive search is out of the hospital and has been released to his mother after he was found alive and well in the basement of his father's home.
Posted: 06/27/2014 - For the next 24 hours you can literally have your thumbs on the pulse of police action across the world, thanks to a global tweet along.
Updated: 06/27/2014 - On Friday, the most recent medal of honor recipient returned to the base he once served to share his story.
Posted: 06/27/2014 - An eastern North Carolina Chef is taking his skill to the national stage for a chance to win thousands of dollars.
Updated: 06/26/2014 - People everywhere were glued to their TV's for Thursday's World Cup Matchup between the USA and Germany, and that includes at Camp Lejeune
Updated: 06/26/2014 - The Greenville Police Department has received ballistic vests for all six of its K9s thanks to a nationwide Groupon event that raised more than $335,000.00.
Posted: 06/25/2014 - NBC and the producer of "The Biggest Loser" say trainer Jillian Michaels is exiting the weight-loss competition series.
Updated: 06/26/2014 - Republican House Speaker John Boehner says he wants to sue President Obama for trying to change the law.
Posted: 06/25/2014 - As Congress continues to investigate why it took some veterans so long to see a doctor, we're hearing shocking new revelations from a Veterans Affairs employee who says she was forced to keep that secret appointment list.
Posted: 06/25/2014 - A graphic ad campaign from the Centers For Disease Control And Prevention aimed at helping smokers quit will soon hit the airwaves.
Updated: 06/25/2014 - About 100 vintage cars competing in an annual car race will make a stop at the Colonial Capital Wednesday.
Updated: 06/24/2014 - A United States Department of Agriculture program is providing free lunches this summer to help families who rely on school meals for their kids.
Updated: 06/24/2014 - A Greene County woman says she's been forced out of her rental home by bats, and there's nothing she can do about it.
Posted: 06/24/2014 - A Newnan, Georgia man is thankful to be alive after literally being blown out of his boots by lightning on Saturday afternoon.
Posted: 06/24/2014 - Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson says the Obama administration is looking at every possible option to help respond to a flood of immigrants crossing the border illegally in southern Texas.
Posted: 06/24/2014 - A Texas officer pulls a woman from tracks moments before a speeding train passes.
Updated: 06/24/2014 - When a wild owl gets trapped in your house, "who" you gonna call?
Posted: 06/23/2014 - A review of the handling of the Jerry Sandusky child molestation case is faulting police and prosecutors for delays but found no evidence that politics affected the investigation.
Posted: 06/23/2014 - Transportation officials plan to check again to see if the channel in the Hatteras Inlet along the Outer Banks is deep enough to allow ferry boats to pass.
Posted: 06/23/2014 - Honda, Mazda and Nissan are recalling millions of vehicles globally for a defective airbag manufactured by supplier Takata Corp. that could possibly explode.
Posted: 06/23/2014 - The Newly crowned Miss North Carolina has ties to the east.
Updated: 06/20/2014 - Keith Acree, public information officer with the North Carolina Department of Corrections, tells WITN the offensive message was left on a phone previously issued to Matthew Wood.


text:
Oleanolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important compounds.
ABSTRACT Oleanolic acid has been isolated from chloroform extract of Olea ferruginea Royle after removal of organic bases and free acids. The literature survey revealed it to be biologically very important. In this review the biological significance of oleanolic acid and its derivatives has been discussed. The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on oleanolic acid and its natural and semisynthetic analogs, focussing on its cytotoxic, antitumer, antioxidant, anti-inflamatory, anti-HIV, acetyl cholinesterase, alpha-glucosidase, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, spasmolytic activity, anti-angiogenic, antiallergic, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. We present in this review, for the first time, a compilation of the most relevant scientific papers and technical reports of the chemical, pre-clinical and clinical research on the properties of oleanolic acid and its derivatives.
Article: High value triterpenic compounds from the outer barks of several Eucalyptus species cultivated in Brazil and in Portugal[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The chemical composition of the lipophilic extracts of the inner and outer bark fractions of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urograndis (E. grandis×Eucalyptus urophylla) cultivated in Brazil and Eucalyptus maidenii, cultivated in Portugal was studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The extracts were shown to be mainly composed of triterpenic compounds (along with mono and sesquiterpenes in E. maidenii) followed smaller amounts of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and aromatic compounds.Triterpenic acids (mainly ursolic, betulinic and oleanolic acids), are particularly abundant in outer barks representing 5.2g/kg, 5.7g/kg and 9.3g/kg in E. urograndis, E. grandis and E. maidenii outer barks, respectively. Although these compounds were found in considerably smaller amounts than those previously reported for Eucalyptus globulus, the total amounts of bark generated every year in South American pulp mills using E. urograndis and E. grandis, as well as the growth potential of E. maidenii plantations, the bark residues from these species are obvious candidates for the extraction of valuable triterpenic compounds.Industrial Crops and Products 01/2011; 33(1):158-164. · 3.21 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The plant-derived terpenoids are considered to be the most potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic compounds known. Enzymatic biotransformation is a very useful approach to expand the chemical diversity of natural products. Recent enzymatic biotransformation studies on terpenoids have resulted in the isolation of novel compounds. 14-hydroxy methyl caryophyllene oxide produced from caryophyllene oxide showed a potent inhibitory activity against the butyryl cholinesterase enzyme, and was found to be more potent than parent caryophyllene oxide. The metabolites 3β,7β-dihydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid, betulin, betulonic acid, argentatin A, incanilin, 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, 3,11-dioxo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid produced from 18β glycyrrhetinic acid were screened against the enzyme lipoxygenase. 3,11-Dioxo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid, was found to be more active than the parent compound. The metabolites 3β-hydroxy sclareol 18α-hydroxy sclareol, 6α,18α-dihydroxy sclareol, 11S,18α-dihydroxy sclareol, and 1β-hydroxy sclareol and 11S,18α-dihydroxy sclareol produced from sclareol were screened for antibacterial activity. 1β-Hydroxy sclareol was found to be more active than parent sclareol. There are several reports on natural product enzymatic biotransformation, but few have been conducted on terpenes. This review summarizes the classification, advantages and agents of enzymatic transformation and examines the potential role of new enzymatically transformed terpenoids and their derivatives in the chemoprevention and treatment of other diseases.Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 10/2012; · 1.50 Impact Factor
Article: Solid-Phase Library Synthesis of Bi-Functional Derivatives of Oleanolic and Maslinic Acids and Their Cytotoxicity on Three Cancer Cell Lines.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A wide set of 264 compounds has been semi-synthesized with high yields and purities. These compounds have been obtained through easy synthetic processes based on a solid-phase combinatorial methodology. All the members of this library have one central core of a natural pentacyclic triterpene (oleanolic or maslinic acid) and differ by 6 amino acids, coupled with the carboxyl group at C-28 of the triterpenoid skeleton, and by 10 different acyl groups attached to the hydroxyl groups of the A-ring of these molecules. According to the literature on the outstanding and promising pharmacological activities of other similar terpene derivatives, some of these compounds have been tested for their cytotoxic effects on the proliferation of three cancer cell lines: B16-F10, HT29, and Hep G2. In general, we have found that: around 70% of the compounds tested show cytotoxicity in all three of the cell lines selected; around 60% of the cytotoxic compounds are more effective than their corresponding precursors, i.e. oleanolic (OA) or maslinic (MA) acids; and nearly 50% of the cytotoxic derivatives have IC50 values between 2- to 320-fold lower than their corresponding precursor (OA or MA).ACS Combinatorial Science 06/2014; 16(8):428-447. · 3.64 Impact Factor
Page 1
Oleanolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important
1PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Karachi 75280, Pakistan, and2Department of Chemistry,
The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
(Received 28 April 2007; accepted 29 July 2007)
Oleanolic acid has been isolated from chloroform extract of Olea ferruginea Royle after removal of organic bases and free acids.
The literature survey revealed it to be biologically very important. In this review the biological significance of oleanolic acid
and its derivatives has been discussed. The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on oleanolic acid and its natural
and semisynthetic analogs, focussing on its cytotoxic, antitumer, antioxidant, anti-inflamatory, anti-HIV, acetyl
cholinesterase, alpha-glucosidase, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, spasmolytic activity,
anti-angiogenic, antiallergic, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. We present in this review, for the first time, a
compilation of the most relevant scientific papers and technical reports of the chemical, pre-clinical and clinical research on
the properties of oleanolic acid and its derivatives.
Keywords: Oleanolic acid, biological significance, olea ferruginea
Oleanolic acid (1) along with other triterpenoidal
compounds like, ursolic acid (2, Scheme–1), olea-
nolic acid glycosides and few sugers were isolated from
Olea ferruginea [1] and also from R. stricta growing in
Kashmir [2]. A group of scientists from Japan isolated
a hypoglycaemic component, elatoside E, and elato-
side Falong with oleanolic acid and its glycosides from
the root cortex of Aralia elata Seem. (Araliaceae)
growing in Japan [3]. Chemical investigation of
Eugenia jumbolana flowers by scientists also revealed
the presence of oleanolic acid [4]. Isolation of
oleanolic acid from various plants by different workers
has been known. The plants were Beta vulgaris L.
(Suger Beet,Chenopodiaceae) [5], Kochiae fructus [6],
Kochia scoparia Schrad, Momordica cochinchinensis
Spreng.) [7], Tiarella polyphylla [8], Clerodendranthus
spicatus [9], Perilla frutescens [10], Glechoma hederaceae
[11], Olea europaea [12,13], Couepia polyandra [14],
Liquidambar formosana [15], Pistacia terebinthus
galls[16], Rosmarinus officinalis L. [17], Crataegus
pinnatifida Bunge [18], Luffa cylindricall [19], Rosa
woodsii, (leaves), Prosopis glandulosa (leaves and twigs),
Phoradendron juniperinum (whole plant), Syzygium
claviflorum (leaves), Hyptis capitata (whole plant),
Ternstromia gymnanthera (aerial part) [20], Plantago
major [21] and Ludwigia octovalvis [22]. A number of
oleanolic acid derivatives have been prepared.
Oleanolic acid derivatives (4-14) showed anti-HIV
activity. 3-O-fatty acid ester derivatives (22-27)
showed antifeedant activity. Semi synthetic oleanolic
acid derivatives (2-7) showed gastro protective and
ulcer-healing activity. Oleanolic acid glycosides (41-
45) showed gastrointestinal transit accelerating
activity. Three oleanane type triterpene (15-17)
showed significant cytotoxicity against two human
tumor cell lines. These derivatives have attracted
considerable interest due to there biological activity.
ISSN 1475-6366 print/ISSN 1475-6374 online q 2008 Informa UK Ltd.
Correspondence: N. Sultana, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Karachi 75280, Pakistan. Tel: 92 21 8141832
35. Fax: 92 21 8141847. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, December 2008; 23(6): 739–756
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Page 2
Individual presentations on various aspects of olea-
nolic acid and its derivatives have been appeared as
articles in journals [8–16] but only few publications in
a compiled form have appeared on oleanolic acid and
its derivatives.
Biological and pharmacological significance
of oleanolic acid:
Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid which is quite common
in nature in the form either of free acid or in
triterpenoid saponin glycosides found in food,
medicinal herbs and various other plants in free form
or bound to glycosides and is distributed wildly in
plants all over the world. In recent years, it was found
that it had marked biological and pharmacological
Oleanane triterpenoids with inhibitory activity against
NFAT transcription factor from Liquidambar formosana
In a search for inhibitory components from natural
products against NFAT transcription factor, this study
investigated the ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of
Liquidambar formosana. Four oleanane triterpenoids
were isolated and identified to be liquidambaric acid,
oleanolic acid, 3 alpha-acetoxy-25-hydroxy-olean-12-
en-28-oic acid and lantanolic acid. Of these
compounds, 3 alpha-acetoxy-25-hydroxy-olean-12-
en-28-oic acid (IC50: 4.63 microM) and lantanolic
acid (IC50: 12.62microM) exhibited strong inhibitory
activity against the NFAT transcription factor [15].
Oleanolic acid as a trypanocidal constituent in Rosemary
The MeOH extract of the leaves of Rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis L.) completely inhibited the
motility of cultured epimastigotes of Trypanosoma
cruzi at the concentration of 2mg/mL after 2hours of
incubation. Activity-guided fractionation of the
MeOH extract has resulted in the isolation of three
triterpene acids, betulinic, oleanolic and ursolic acids.
Ursolic acid stopped the movement of all T. cruzi
epimastigotes at the minimum concentration (MC
(100) of 40micro g/mL (88micro M) after 48hours of
incubation. Oleanolic acid was less active (MC (100):
250micro g/mL, 550micro M) and betulinic acid was
practically inactive [17].
Two triterpenoid compounds, ursolic acid and
uvaol, were isolated from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge
leaves. Ursolic acid inhibits chitin synthase II from
S. cerevisiae with an IC50value of 0.84microgram/mL
and the inhibition appears to be selective for chitin
synthase II, whereas uvaol has no inhibitory activity
up to 280micrograms/mL. Oleanolic acid, alpha-
hederin hydrate and betulic acid inhibited the chitin
synthase II activity under the same conditions with an
IC50of 5.6, 64.3 and 98.7micrograms/mL, respect-
ively [18].
Oleanolic acid, isolated from Luffa cylindrica,
inhibits the in-vitro immunohaemolysis of antibody-
coated sheep erythrocytes by guinea-pig serum. In
further experiments this reduced immunohaemolysis
was found to be due to inhibition of the C3-convertase
of the classical complement pathway. The threshold
concentration for inhibition of C3-convertase was
100micrograms mL21. However, higher concen-
trations of oleanolic acid showed constant inhibitory
Scheme 1.
N. Sultana & A. Ata
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Page 3
effects on immunohaemolysis. Oleanolic acid also
exhibited weak inhibitory effects on individual
components of the complement system [19].
A hexane extract of Plantago major was investigated
by bioactivity-directed fractionation, using an in vitro
cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosyn-
thesis inhibition assay, and resulted in the isolation
of ursolic acid. This triterpenoid showed a significant
cyclooxygenase -2 inhibitory effect, directly on the
enzyme activity, with an IC50value of 130microM
and a cyclooxygenase-2/ cyclooxygenase-1 selectivity
ratio of 0.6. The structural isomer oleanolic acid was
found to be less active than ursolic acid, with an IC50
value of 295microM, but showed a similar selectivity
ratio (0.8). Furthermore, no significant inhibition on
cyclooxygenase -2 or cyclooxygenase-1 was observed
by the triterpenoid, 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (3).
The direct inhibitory effect of oleanolic acid and
ursolic acid on cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prosta-
glandin biosynthesis increased with preincubation,
indicating a time-dependent inhibition, while the
effect on cyclooxygenase-1 was found to be indepen-
dent of preincubation time [20].
The antifertility activity of oleanolic acid, isolated
from the flowers of Eugenia jambolana, was evaluated
in male albino rats. The administration of the
compound for 60 days decreased the fertilizing
capacityof the animalswithout anysignificant changes
in body weight or reproductive organ weights. The
compound produced arrest of spermatogenesis but
did not cause any abnormality to spermatogenic cells,
Leydig interstitial cells and Sertoli cells. Oleanolic
acid may prove to be a promising antifertility agent
devoid of undesirable side effects [4].
Hepatoprotective effects of momordin Ic and
oleanolic acid obtained from Kochiae Fructus, the
fruit of a traditional Oriental medicinal plant, were
evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-
induced liver damage in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley
rats were divided into four groups: control, CCl4-
treated, CCl4 plus momordin Ic-treated (MMDIc-
CCl4), and CCl4plus oleanolic acid-treated (OAA-
CCl4). Momordin Ic (30mg/kg of body weight) and
oleanolic acid (30mg/kg of body weight) were orally
administered once a day for 14 days. A mixture of
0.2mL/100g of body weight of CCl4in olive oil (1:1,
vol/vol) was injected 30minutes after the final
administration of momordin Ic and oleanolic acid.
The momordin Ic and oleanolic acid pretreatments
resulted in significantly lower serum transaminase,
lactic dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase
levels in the CCl4-treated rats. The CCl4-treated rats
had significantly lower activities of glutathione,
glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase,
superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione
peroxidase. However, pretreatment with momordin
Ic and oleanolic acid reduced the effect of CCl4and
helped maintain levels of the enzymes. Pretreatment
with momordin Ic and oleanolic acid resulted in
significantly lower production of aminopyrine N-
demethylase and aniline hydroxylase in the CCl4-
treated rats. Pretreatment with momordin Ic resulted
in lower catalase and aminopyrine N-demethylase
activity induction by CCl4, towards normalization.
Momordin Ic and oleanolic acid obtained from
Kochiae Fructus appear to contribute to alleviating
the adverse effects of CCl4treatment by enhancing the
hepatic antioxidant defense system [6].
Chikusetsusaponin IV and V, whose genin is
oleanolic acid, exhibited weak hemolytic activities.
Removal of glucose residue at position 29 of
chikusetsusaponin V by partial hydrolysis increased
the activity more than 30-fold. Methylation of the
carboxyl group at position 28 increased the activity
furthermore by about 10-fold, showing HD50value of
3.77microM. On the other hand, removal of the sugar
chain at position 3 of chickusetsusaponin V by partial
hydrolysis completely lost the activity. These facts
suggest that the sugar chain at position 3 of oleanolic
acid is essential but that at position 29 is pernicious for
the activity. The cytolytic agents, whose target has
been regarded as membrane cholesterol, were inacti-
vated not only by cholesterol but also by sapogenins
such as oleanolic acid, gitogenin and hederagenin.
Among saponins tested, akebia saponin B and C were
inactivated by cholesterol, but not by the genins,
probably because their affinities for the genins are too
low to form complexes [23].
Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were examined for
anti-angiogenic activities by using the chick embryo
chorioallantoic membrane assay. The presence of
ursolic acid or oleanolic acid inhibited angiogenesis in
a dose-dependent manner; the doses required for half-
maximal inhibition (ID50) were 5 micrograms and
40micrograms per chorioallantoic
respectively. Ursolic acid was a more potent angio-
genic inhibitor than oleanolic acid. It was also tested
for inhibitory effect on the proliferation of bovine
aortic endothelial cell. They effectively inhibited the
proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cell in a
concentration-dependent manner. The IC50values of
anti-proliferative effects were determined to be
5microM for ursolic acid and 20microM for oleanolic
acid. Based on these results, it was speculated that the
inhibitory effects on bovine aortic endothelial cell
proliferation of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid might
be important for anti-angiogenesis [24].
In vitro anti-HIVactivity of oleanolic acid and its
derivatives on infected human mononuclear cells
Oleanolic acid was identified as an anti-HIV principle.
It inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely infected H9
cells with an EC50 value of 1.7microg/mL, and
inhibited H9 cell growth with an IC50 value of
21.8microg/mL [therapeutic index (T. I.) 12.8].
Biological activity of oleanolic acid derivatives
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Universitaetsbibliothek Duisburg-Essen on 05/20/14
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Page 4
Pomolic acid, isolated from R. woodsii and H. capitata,
was also identified as an anti-HIV agent (EC50
1.4microg/mL, T. I. 16.6). Although ursolic acid did
show anti-HIV activity (EC502.0microg/mL), it was
slightly toxic (IC506.5microg/mL, T. I. 3.3). A new
triterpene, 1beta-hydroxy-2-oxopomolic acid was also
isolated from the CHCl3-soluble fraction of R. woodsii,
though it showed no anti-HIVactivity. Based on these
results, the examination of the anti-HIV activity of
oleanolic acid- or pomolic acid-related triterpenes
isolated from several plants were carriedout. In
addition, the derivatives of betulinic acid, isolated
from the leaves of S. claviflorum as an anti-HIV
principle, exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV
activity. Accordingly, derivatives of oleanolic acid (4-
14) showed their anti-HIVactivity (Scheme 22) [21].
Anti-AIDS agents. anti-HIVactivity of oleanolic acid and
structurally related triterpenoids
As seen in previous betulinic acid derivatives,
oleanolic acid 3-O-30, 30-dimethylsuccinate (4)
demonstrated a most potent anti-HIV activity, with
an EC50 value of 0.0005I`g/mL, and showed a greatly
improved T. I. value (22 400), while the lack of any
discernible anti-HIV activity in its isomer (5) was
similar to the corresponding betulinic acid derivative.
Compounds 6, 11, and 12 displayed relatively potent
anti-HIV activity, with EC50 values of 1.5, 1.1, and
1.2I`g/mL, respectively, but were not as potent as 4.
Moreover, the small T. I. values of 11 and 12 (4.1 and
3.9, respectively) suggested that they are slightly toxic.
Oxidation of oleanolic acid (1) with pyridinium
chlorochromate (PCC) yielded a 3-oxo- derivative
(13), which was more toxic against uninfected H9
cells than its parent compound, but inhibited HIV-1
replication, with an improved EC50 value of
0.11I`g/mL. Treatment of 1 with a molar equivalent
of potassium hydroxide furnished the potassium salt of
oleanolic acid (14). Compound 14 exhibited potent
anti-HIV activity, with an EC50 value of 0.5I`g/mL
and a T.I value of 68.6. Such enhanced anti-HIV
activity with the potassium salt (Scheme 2).
Three new oleanane-type triterpenes from Ludwigia
octovalvis with cytotoxic activity against two human
cancer cell lines
Three new oleanane-type triterpenes, (23Z)-coumar-
oylhederagenin (15), (23E)-coumaroylhederagenin
(16) and (3Z)-coumaroylhederagenin (17) (Scheme–
3) together with two known triterpene acids, oleanolic
acid and ursolic acid, have been isolated from the
whole plant of Ludwigia octovalvis, and their structures
have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
All three new triterpenes showed significant cytotox-
icity against two human tumor cell lines, namely,
oral epidermoid carcinoma KB and colorectal
carcinoma HT29, and gave IC50values in the range
1.2-3.6microM [22].
Scheme 2.
N. Sultana & A. Ata
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Page 5
Oleanolic acid derivatives with different lengths of
3-O-acidic acyl chains were synthesized and evaluated
for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease.
The lengths of the acidic chains were optimized to 6
and 8 carbons. Changing a 3-ester bond to an amide
bond or dimerization of the triterpenes retained their
inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. Introduc-
tion of an additional acidic chain to C-28 of oleanolic
acid increased the inhibitory activity appreciably,
though a derivative with onlyoneacidic chain linked at
C-28 also showed potent activity against HIV-1
protease. The inhibitory mechanism was proved
directly by size exclusion chromatography to be
inhibition of dimerization of the enzyme polypeptides.
The ester bonds of the triterpene derivatives were
found to be stable to lipase under mild alkaline
conditions [26].
3-O-acyl-betulinic and oleanolic acids, especially
the 3-O-(30, 30-dimethyl)-succinyl derivatives demon-
strated potent anti-HIVactivity [EC50, 0.00035 and
0.00086microM; therapeutic index (TI) . 20 000
and 22 326, respectively]. Several 3-O-acyl-ursolic
acids were prepared and evaluated for anti-HIV
activity. Ursolicacid
4.4microM) with oleanolic acid (EC50, 3.7microM),
although it was slightly toxic (IC5014.3microM, TI
3.3). 3-O-Diglycoryl-ursolic acid, demonstrated rela-
tively potent anti-HIV activity with an EC50 of
0.31microM and a TI of 155.5. In contrast, 3-O-(30,
30-dimethylsuccinyl)-ursolic acid, which is analogous
to the extremely potent anti-HIV betulinic acid and
was equipotent(EC50
oleanolic acid derivatives, displayed only weak anti-
HIV activity (EC50, 2.1microM, TI 23.6) [41].
The effect of oleanolic acid on the growth of human
immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in cultures of
human peripheral mononuclear cells and of mono-
cyte/macrophages (M/M) was studied. Its inhibitory
activity was also evaluated on peripheral mononuclear
cells obtained from HIV-1 infected patients. Results
obtained show that oleanolic acid inhibits the HIV-1
replication in all the cellular systems used (EC50
values: 22.7microM, 24.6microM and 57.4microM
for in vitro infected peripheral mononuclear cells,
naturally infected peripheral mononuclear cells and
M/M, respectively). As regards the mechanism of
action, oleanolic acid inhibits in vitro the HIV-1
protease activity [42].
Oleanolic acid glycosides, saponins, oleanolic
acid synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives
Antifeedant Activity of Some Pentacyclic Triterpene Acids
and their Fatty Acid Ester Analogues: The 3-O-fatty acid
ester derivatives (22-27) C (12)-C (18) of two
pentacyclic triterpenic acids, ursolic acid and olea-
nolic acid, were synthesized under mild esterification
conditions in excellent yields (80-85%) and screened
for their antifeedant activity, together with the parent
acids, against the agricultural pest tobacco caterpillar
larvae (Spodoptera litura F) in a no-choice laboratory
study. Antifeedants are potential slimming agents.
The Urs-12-ene-28-carboxy-3beta-octadecanoate
(26) and olean-12-ene-28-carboxy-3beta-hexade-
canoate (25) (Scheme– 4) were found to exhibit
exceptionally potent antifeedant
50microg/cm (2) concentration, even after 48hours
The antipruritic effects of various oleanolic acid
glycosides from natural medicines such as Kochiae
Fructus (the fruit of Kochia scoparia Schrad.) and
Momordicae Radix (the roots of Momordica cochinch-
inensis Spreng.) was examined by using a compound
48/80-induced pruritic model in mice. Oleanolic acid
3-O-monodesmosides showed an antipruritic effect,
while oleanolic acid 3, 28-O-bisdesmosides and their
common sapogenol oleanolic acid lacked the activity.
This evidence indicated that the 3-O-glycoside moiety
and the 28-carboxyl group in oleanolic acid glycosides
were essential for exhibiting the antipruritic effect.
Furthermore, it was found that the 3-O-glucuronides
showed more potent activity than the corresponding
3-O-glucosides [7].
A new triterpenoid acid named eucalyptanoic acid
has been isolated from the fresh uncrushed leaves of
Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa along with two
known constituents, beta-sitosterol and betulinic acid.
The structure of eucalyptanoic acid has been
established as 3beta-hydroxyolean-9 (11), 12-dien-
28-oic acid. eucalyptanoic acid and its acetyl (28a)
activities at
Scheme 3.
Biological activity of oleanolic acid derivatives
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