text: INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE AND IDEAS 3 WROE ALDERSON…PROFESSOR A Giant of Marketing Theory 42 MICHAEL MILKEN…WG'70 New Financial Models Can Change the World 3 RAYMOND PACE ALEXANDER…W'20 43 HOWARD E. MITCHELL…PROFESSOR Towards a More Humane Model of Business Pioneering Lawyer, Judge, and Civil Rights Leader 43 ADITYA MITTAL…W'96 Forges the Deals for the World's Largest Steel Company 4 ANIL D. AMBANI…WG'83 Empire Builder 44 LAURENCE ZA YU MOH…WG'53 A Culturally Fluent Businessman 4 WALTER H. ANNENBERG…W'31, HON'66 Dynamic Publisher, Philanthropist 44 MICHAEL J. MORITZ…WG'78 A VC With a Silicon Touch 5 TAN SRI DATO' DR. ZETI AKHTAR AZIZ…G'74, GRW'78 45 ELON MUSK…W'97 A Serial Entrepreneur Paypals It Forward The Calm Center of Malaysian Banking 46 SCOTT NEARING…PROFESSOR 6 JAY H. BAKER…W'56 Transforming Retailing Through Education A Radical Who Laid the Groundwork for the Tenure System 6 ALFRED R. BERKELEY III…WG'68 He Took Stock of NASDAQ's Boom 46 PETER M. NICHOLAS…WG'68 Devices With Minimal Invasion, Maximum Benefit 7 ANNE BEZANSON…PROFESSOR Pioneer in Academic Business Research 47 WILLIAM S. PALEY…W'22, HON'68 He Created Network Broadcasting 7 RICHARD BLOCH…W'46 Tax Preparation for the Masses 48 MANUEL V. PANGILINAN…WG'68 Big Deals and Big Goals for the Philippines 8 DR. BOEDIONO…GRW'79 Indonesia's Financial Rudder 48 CORRADO PASSERA…WG'80 8 GEOFFREY T. BOISI…WG'71 Visionary Investment Banker Order, Efficiency, and Cooperation for Italian Post and Banking 9 JAMES CHADBOURN BOLLES…W'29 49 RONALD O. PERELMAN…W'64, WG'66 Master Investor International Foothold for U.S. Manufacturing 50 FRANCES PERKINS…ATTENDED 1918–1919 The Force Behind the Social Security Act 9 ROBERT A. BOWMAN…WG'79 Keeping His Eye on the Digital Ball 51 HOWARD V. PERLMUTTER…PROFESSOR 10 WILLIAM J. BRENNAN JR.…W'28, HON'57 A Voice of Globalization for an Imperiled Planet Architect of U.S. Protections for Individual Rights 51 LEWIS E. PLATT…WG'66 A Gentleman in Silicon Valley 11 CHARLES BUTT…W'59 Express Checkout for Retailing Innovations 52 RUTH PORAT…WG'87 A Deft Touch for Capital Markets Good and Bad 11 SAFRA CATZ…W'83, L'86 Oracle's President and CEO 52 DAVID S. POTTRUCK…C'70, WG'72 A New Kind of Leadership 12 ROBERTO F. CIVITA…W'57 A Savvy Publishing Innovator for Brazil 53 J.D. POWER III…WG'59 Consumer Research Pioneer 12 WILLIAM C. COBB…W'78 Brand Innovator for Pepsi and eBay 53 EDMUND T. PRATT JR…WG'49 He Turned Pfizer Into a Global Corporate Citizen 13 ARTHUR D. COLLINS JR.…WG'73 A Medical Calling Redirected 54 IQBAL QUADIR…G'83, WG'87 Brought Phone Service to the Bangladeshi Poor 13 ROBERT L. CRANDALL…WG'60 He Made Airlines Fly Higher 55 RUTHANN QUINDLEN…WG'83 She Wrote the Book on Internet Investing 14 BRUCE E. CRAWFORD…W'52 Ad Man, Arts Executive 55 RICHARD S. REYNOLDS JR.…W'30 Shaped Reynolds Metals 15 JEAN ANDRUS CROCKETT…PROFESSOR Led Philly Federal Reserve 56 SYLVIA M. RHONE…W'74 An Ear for Talent and a Mind for Business 15 EDWARD E. CRUTCHFIELD…WG'65 Built a Banking Giant 57 BRIAN L. ROBERTS…W'81 Deal-Maker Who Built a National Media Company 16 JAMES DEPREIST…W'58, ASC'61, HON'76 Leading in Perfect Harmony 57 RALPH J. ROBERTS…W'41, HON'05 A Pioneer on Cable's Frontiers 16 PRIDIYATHORN DEVAKULA…WG'70 A Trusted Leader for Turbulent Times 58 FRANCIS C. ROONEY JR.…W'43 Specialty Retailer Made Malls Boom 17 CONNIE K. DUCKWORTH…WG'79 She Opened the Old Girls' Network 58 CHARLES S. SANFORD JR.…WG'60 17 ROBERT G. DUNLOP…W'31, HON'72 He Made Sun Oil Rise A Financial Innovator Who Modernized Risk Management 18 ROBERT EILERS…PROFESSOR Originator of Health Care Management 59 ALFRED N. SCHINDLER…WG'78 18 MICHAEL L. ESKEW…AMP'93 He Delivers for UPS His Acquisitions Elevated a Family Business to New Heights 19 WENDY FINERMAN…W'82 Oscar-Winning Producer 59 DONALD SCHNEIDER…WG'61 Transformed the Trucking Industry with Technology 20 JEROME FISHER…W'53 A Pair of Shoes in Every Closet 60 HENNING SCHULTE-NOELLE…WG'73 He Europeanized Allianz 20 W. FRANK FOUNTAIN…WG'73 A Compassionate and Connected Leader 60 JOHN SCULLEY III…WG'63 Marketing Genius for Pepsi and Apple 21 IRWIN FRIEND…PROFESSOR His Research Challenged Conventional Wisdom 61 JOSEPH M. SEGEL…W'51 'King of the Startups' at Franklin Mint and QVC 21 BERNARD F. GIMBEL…W'1907 Retail Innovator and Legendary Competitor 61 NABEEL A. SHAATH…WG'61, GR'65, HON'96 A Palestinian Voice for Peace 22 ROBERT B. GOERGEN…WG'62 Investor, Entrepreneur, Candlestick Maker 62 SUZANNE SHANK…WG'87 Community Builder, Public Finance Specialist 22 STANLEY GOLDSTEIN…W'55 Reinventing Health and Beauty Retail 62 EDWARD B. SHILS…PROFESSOR The Entrepreneur of Entrepreneurial Management 23 PAUL GREEN…PROFESSOR The Father of Conjoint Analysis 63 ALVIN V. SHOEMAKER…W'60, HON'95 Decision-Maker for a Deal Factory 24 JOHN G. GUFFEY…W'70 Pioneer of Social Investing 24 D. WAYNE SILBY…W'70 Pioneer of Social Investing 24 GEORGE B. HARVEY…W'54 He Changed the Face of Pitney Bowes 63 SCOTT R. SIMPLOT…WG'73 He Put the 'Business' Into Agribusiness 25 VERNON W. HILL II…W'67 Maverick Who Put the "Retail" in Retail Banking 64 MALLIKA SRINIVASAN…WG'85 A New Voice in a Tradition-Bound Industry 25 SOLOMON S. HUEBNER…PROFESSOR The Father of Insurance Education 64 MICHAEL STEINHARDT…W'60 Turned Risk Into Wealth 26 JON M. HUNTSMAN SR.…W'59, HON'96 From Bootstrapper to Philanthropist 65 VERNON STOUFFER…W'23 He Changed How America Ate 27 EMORY RICHARD JOHNSON…PROFESSOR Transportation Studies Pioneer 65 MICHAEL L. TARNOPOL…W'58 He Defined 'Sustained Leadership' 28 REGINALD H. JONES…W'39, HON'80 The Business Leader as Statesman 66 GEORGE W. TAYLOR…PROFESSOR Father of American Arbitration 29 JEFFREY KATZ…WG'71 He Made Times Square Spectacular 66 DOROTHY SWAINE THOMAS…PROFESSOR 29 LAWRENCE R. KLEIN…PROFESSOR The World's Master Econometrician Opened Beachhead for Women in Academia 30 PAUL KLEINDORFER…PROFESSOR The Guru of Risk Management 67 LAURENCE A. TISCH…WG'43 Dreamer Behind a 'Born-in-Brooklyn' Empire 30 GERARD KLEISTERLEE…AMP'91 A Plainspoken Leader for Philips 68 WILLIAM J. TRENT JR.…WG'32 Architect of the United Negro College Fund 31 YOTARO KOBAYASHI…WG'58 Forward-Thinker for a Japanese/American Venture 68 DONALD J. TRUMP…W'68 The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate 31 JOSH KOPELMAN…W'93 Selective Entrepreneur, Venture Capitalist 69 REXFORD G. TUGWELL…W'1915, G'16, GR'22 A 'Topman' of FDR's Brain Trust 32 ANN MCLAUGHLIN KOROLOGOS…WG'88 A Leader for the Public Good 70 CESAR VIRATA…WG'53 Progressive Leader for the Philippines 32 SIMON KUZNETS…PROFESSOR Inventor of Gross National Product Measure 70 DAVID A. VISE…W'82, WG'83 Pulitzer-Prize Winner Who Chronicled a Crash 33 LEONARD A. LAUDER…W'54 A Leader in Beauty and Global Education 71 JACOB WALLENBERG…W'80, WG'81 34 RISA LAVIZZO-MOUREY…WG'86 A Healer for the Health Care System Leading a Swedish Banking Dynasty into the 21st Century 35 SEHOON LEE…WG'75 Took a Korean Business Global 71 GEORGE A. WEISS…W'65 A Promise to Keep for Struggling Students 35 LAWRENCE LESSIG…C'83, W'83 The Guru of Cyberlaw 72 ALFRED P. WEST JR.…WG'66 A CEO Who Broke Out of the Box 36 ALAIN LEVY…WG'72He Topped Charts With Polygram 72 JOSEPH H. WILLITS…PROFESSOR AND DEAN 37 WARREN N. LIEBERFARB…W'65 Father of the DVD Redefined Wharton as a Center for Academic Research 37 ALFRED C. LIGGINS III…WG'95 Radio One's Number One 73 RICHARD ROBERT WRIGHT SR.…WEV'21 Educator, Banker, Civil Rights Leader 38 GEORGE L. LINDEMANN…W'58 A Clear-Eyed Visionary 73 PETER A. WUFFLI…AMP'99 An Understated Integrator for UBS AG 38 MARTIN LIPTON…W'52 A Tough and Inventive Corporate Lawyer 74 LAWRENCE ZICKLIN…WG'59 Advocate for Ethics 39 PETER S. LYNCH…WG'68 Stock Superstar Who Beat the Street 74 MORTIMER B. ZUCKERMAN…WG'61 Multifaceted Real Estate and Media Magnate 40 WILLIAM L. MACK…W'61 He Made Real Estate a Science 75 KLAUS ZUMWINKEL…WG'71 41 DANIEL M. MCGILL…PROFESSOR Paved the Way for Pension Reform He Transformed a National Postal Service into the Global Leader in Logistics 41 HAROLD W. MCGRAW III…WG'76 A Publishing Giant Goes Digital 76 MARTIN E. ZWEIG…W'64 A Forecaster Who Made Headlines and Moved Markets 22 5 I N U UEN A AP PEOPL A AN I DEA 1212 5NIF LF LE N T IT IL L E O P L E E N D DDIE A S S INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE AND IDEAS IT ALL STARTED RIGHT HERE. We invite you to celebrate 125 years of management education through the stories of 125 influential alumni and faculty in this special Wharton Alumni Magazine. Wharton was founded as the first collegiate school of business in 1881. That innovation was the spark that ignited a succession of innovations — the first busi- ness textbooks, the first research center, the first MBA in health care. Today more than a thousand colleges and universities around the world offer business majors. One-quarter of all undergraduate degrees in the U.S. are awarded in business. And Wharton continues to introduce new programs and new learning approaches, and to disseminate new knowledge. In the past 125 years, business has become the engine that drives economic growth, improves quality of life, fosters global exchange, and creates opportunity. And Wharton fuels that engine. Thus the true story of Wharton isn't just what happens on campus — it's the story of how our alumni and faculty influence the world through their actions and ideas. It's the story of how they have created value and advanced knowledge, withstanding the ups and downs of markets, careers, and lives. Since its founding, the School has graduated nearly 100,000 business leaders. If we told each success story, we would fill 850 of these magazines. Our 200-plus current Wharton faculty alone would require more than one issue. The Wharton School of the University We are proud of the impact of the Wharton alumni and faculty — individu- of Pennsylvania — founded in 1881 as the first collegiate business school — als who have elevated disciplines, developed economic models, influenced capital is recognized globally for intellectual leadership and ongoing innovation markets, spread prosperity, and built companies. Together, these stories create a across every major discipline of busi- ness education. The most comprehen- picture of the diversity, sweep, impact, and influence of Wharton over the past sive source of business knowledge in the world, Wharton bridges research 125 years. and practice through its broad engage- ment with the global business commu- nity. The School has more than 4,600 undergraduate, MBA, executive MBA, and doctoral students; more than 8,000 annual participants in executive educa- tion programs; and an alumni network of more than 81,000 graduates. "As the possession of any power is usually accompanied by taste for its exercise, it is reasonable to expect that adequate education in the principles underlying successful business management and civil government would greatly aid in producing a class of men likely to become pillars of the State, whether in private or in public life." Joseph Wharton Letter to the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania proposing the establishment of the first collegiate business school, March 1881 W Wharton Undergraduate WG Wharton MBA AMP Wharton Advanced Management Program GRW Wharton PhD C Penn College of Arts & Sciences G Penn Master Degree L Penn Law HON Honorary Degree WEV Wharton Evening School Wharton Professor See p. 77 for notes on how this issue was compiled Jules Schick, 1963 A GIANT OF MARKETING THEORY WROE ALDERSON, PROFESSOR ARKETING was once L M considered a trade. Wroe Alderson proved it was a science as well. After beginning his career as a consultant, Alderson joined the Wharton faculty in 1959. He quickly became the leading marketing theorist of his time. Alderson saw that mathematical models and quantitative techniques could be used to re- G.M. Wilson, circa 1935–1940 search and analyze consumer taste, the size of advertising budgets and sales forces, and in distributing marketing messages across media — techniques that helped create the field of market research. Wharton Marketing Professor Paul Green (see p. 23) calls Wroe Alderson an "in- L tellectual monarch of marketing research." But Alderson, he affectionately adds, was a PIONEERING LAWYER, 1958. In 1959, Alexander became the first black judge on the Common Pleas Court of Quaker with little time for monarchies. Today JUDGE, AND CIVIL Wharton's Marketing faculty comprise the Philadelphia. most cited department in the world. RIGHTS LEADER While his highest profile roles were as Under Alderson's leadership, Wharton RAYMOND PACE ALEXANDER, W'20 counsel for the NAACP (National Associa- began to build a more scientific tion for the Advancement of Colored People) basis for marketing research and RAYMOND PACE ALEXANDER, Whar- and other clients, he first gained notice as became a major force in applying ton's first black graduate, challenged many a plaintiff. In 1924, he was excluded from analytic models to marketing chal- segregated institutions in the Philadelphia a Chestnut Street theater showing The Ten lenges. With a firm belief that theory and area, making an indelible impression on the Commandments. He took the theater owners practice go hand in hand, Alderson wrote city and the profession of law. to court and won their pledge never to dis- the book, Marketing Behavior and Executive Alexander beat incredible odds as a young criminate again. Action, which focused on social science rather boy. His mother died when he was 12, and He made headlines later for his involve- than institutional economics. Alexander was forced to support himself. ment in other landmark cases. In the early Alderson, with his young colleague He managed to maintain stellar academic cre- 1930s, he took two Chester County school Green, opened a Management Science Center dentials and enrolled with a scholarship, grad- districts to court after they tried to establish at Wharton in 1962. He used the center as uating in 1920. racially segregated school systems. His victory part of his MBA course in Marketing Man- After Wharton, Alexander graduated in that case marked an end to de jure segrega- agement, giving his students a chance to act as from Harvard Law School in 1923. That year tion in Pennsylvania schools. In the Trenton consultants and to practice new techniques on he married Sadie Tanner Mossell, who in Six Case of 1948, he eventually cleared black real-world problems — now common prac- 1927 became the first black woman to earn a defendants falsely accused of killing a white tice in MBA education. Alderson also estab- law degree from Penn, where her father Aaron shopkeeper — a case that Alexander won on lished Wharton's Annual Marketing Theory Albert Mossell was the first black graduate. appeal with the help of attorney Thurgood seminars, served as Trustee of the Marketing She was also the first African-American Marshall, the future first black U.S. Supreme Institute, and engineered the migration of the woman to receive a PhD in economics, also Court justice. famed Operations Research group at Case In- obtained at Penn. Alexander died in 1974. stitute to Wharton in 1963. The founder of Philadel- "He carved a course through which mar- phia's premier black law firm, Alexander's victory in keting theory would develop, drawing in Raymond Alexander was not con- that case marked an end streams of research from other researchers and tent with breaking barriers. He to de jure segregation in other disciplines, eroding and shaping the as- and his wife both landed top legal Pennsylvania schools. sumptions of marketing research, carving out and political jobs in the city. He an indelible path of the landscape of market- was president of the National Bar ing," wrote Terry Beckman of Queens Uni- Association from 1933 to 1935, versity in a paper titled "The Wroe River: The and won election to the Philadel- Canyon Carved by Alderson." phia city council from 1951 to WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 3 EMPIRE BUILDER DYNAMIC ANIL D. AMBANI, WG'83 PUBLISHER, NDIAN BUSINESSMAN ANIL AMBANI has been known PHILANTHROPIST I to tell aspiring entrepreneurs, "Work till your last breath. Work WALTER H. ANNENBERG, W'31, is worship." HON'66 This fervent work ethic is not surprising for the former vice chairman and managing director of the Reliance Group, India's WHEN WALTER ANNENBERG largest private sector company. And while Ambani has won re- took over his father's faltering publish- spect for his unrivaled toughness in negotiations, the one-time ing business after the older man died in Douglass Kirkland, 1990 youth icon still enjoys rockstar-level celebrity in India. 1942, few thought of him as a potential In 2006 he was honored as Businessman of the Year by the Times success. Yet the younger Annenberg L of India. transformed the company by anticipat- Today, Ambani leads Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, ing demographic and cultural trends, one of India's top three private-sector business houses, with a $6 billion and turned his business success into a net worth. With India's largest customer base of more than 50 million second career in philanthropy. across several industries, the Reliance ADA Group is said to touch Annenberg's business beginnings were not auspicious. He left the lives of 1 in 10 Indians daily. Its business presence extends to Wharton before finishing his degree, and his father's company was 4,500 towns and 300,000 villages in India, and five continents across millions of dollars in debt when the younger Annenberg took charge. the world. Conservative in his politics, Annenberg was progressive in the maga- Reliance was founded by Anil Ambani's father, the late Dhirub- zine world. In the 1940s, he saw that fashion was getting younger. hai Ambani, a shrewd ex-schoolteacher who built an empire from a As the post-World War II youth culture was burgeoning, he started simple textile-trading business and who taught his two sons the busi- Seventeen magazine. It was an immediate success, selling 400,000 ness. In recognition of his achievements, Dhirubhai received the Whar- copies of its first issue. ton Dean's Medal in 1998. Anil then started Anil Dhirubhai Ambani He was the leader of the bandwagon for yet another post-War Enterprises group with interests in telecom, energy, entertainment, and craze, television, launching TV Guide in 1953. It soon became the financial services. Since then, the company has continued to expand largest-circulation magazine in the country, eventually reaching 17 through a streak of high-profile acquisitions, mainly in entertainment million copies a week. His publishing empire included the Philadelphia and insurance. Inquirer, Daily News, and the Racing Form, horseracing's most promi- Ambani joined Reliance as co-CEO after graduating from Whar- nent publication. He also owned TV and radio stations in major mar- ton in 1983. He pioneered many financial innovations in Indian fi- ket cities, including Philadelphia. nance, including leading India's first forays into overseas capital As a dominant media owner in Philadelphia, Annenberg used his markets with international public offerings of global depositary properties to advance his views. He helped root out government corrup- receipts, convertibles, and bonds, as well as directing Reliance in its tion, oppose Senator Joseph McCarthy, and promote the Marshall Plan, efforts to raise billions from overseas financial markets. His next big but he also refused to allow his perceived enemies — from consumer ad- venture is Zabak.com. Reliance plans to invest $100 million into the vocate Ralph Nader to actress Zsa Zsa Gabor — to appear in the pages online casual gaming business with of his papers. an initial portfolio of 150 games. He pioneered many His prominence in Republican politics led President A member of Wharton's Board financial innovations Richard Nixon to appoint him Ambassador to Great of Overseers and Executive Board in Indian finance, Britain in 1969. He was later honored for his service by for Asia, Ambani was the first recipi- both the U.S. (which awarded him a Presidential Medal of ent of the Wharton Indian Alumni including leading India's Freedom) and Britain (which knighted him). Award. In 2006, he was chairman of first forays into overseas Annenberg's diplomatic appointment led him to sell the Wharton Global Alumni Forum capital markets. off his publishing properties in 1988, when he sold in Mumbai. TV Guide to Rupert Murdoch for more than $3 billion. Annenberg used his fortune to buy and donate L art and fund educational institutions, primar- ily the Annenberg Schools of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of South- ern California. Other gifts helped fund the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and the United Negro College Fund (see William Trent Jr., WG'32 p. 68). "Education," he once said, "holds civilization together." Pnit Paranjpe, Reuters, 2006 4 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S THE CALM CENTER OF MALAYSIAN BANKING TAN SRI DATO' DR. ZETI AKHTAR AZIZ, G'74, GRW'78 EWS STORIES ABOUT N Tan Sri Dato' Dr. Zeti Akhtar Aziz, governor of Malaysia's central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia, inevitably make reference to her reputation as a paragon of steady, intel- lectual calm. And with good reason: Faced with a formidable baptism by fire as the newly appointed acting governor of Bank Negara Malaysia, at the height of the Asian financial crisis in 1998, she successfully introduced and implemented an exchange control strategy that restored stability. She then created a mas- ter plan for the financial sector — a strategy that included consolidating the banking system while rapidly expanding the Islamic financial sector. "Cool, intellectual, and respected for toughness as a regulator, her contribution has Bank Negara Malaysia been both on the international and local front," said a Euromoney profile about Zeti, a Wharton PhD who authored a pioneering dissertation on capital flows and their implica- tions for policy. In 2005 Euromoney named Zeti Central Bank Governor of the Year for her pivotal role in reforming the exchange of Malaysia's financial system — growth Zeti rate, the capital markets, and the banking in- has led both in the domestic and international WHARTON first dustry. arena. She chaired the Inauguration Commit- 1881 The pioneering Zeti, who had previously held senior po- tee for the establishment of the Islamic Finan- sitions in the departments responsible for cial Services Board (IFSB) and had an active vision and philanthropy monetary and financial policies and reserve role in its creation. In 2002, Zeti headed a management, team to launch the of Joseph Wharton has been with In 2005 Euromoney named Malaysian global Islamic created the world's the Central Zeti Central Bank Governor of Sukuk, the world's first Bank since the Year for her pivotal role in Sukuk (a Shari'ah-com- first collegiate business 1985. pliant security) to be is- Zeti has reforming the exchange rate, sued by a sovereign. school. been an im- the capital markets, and the Late last year, Zeti portant figure banking industry. announced the launch of in driving the the Malaysia Interna- growth of Is- tional Islamic Financial lamic finance, not just in Malaysia but also in Centre (MIFC), which will pave the way for other parts of Asia, as well having an influen- the offering of Islamic financial products and tial role in the debate to establish common services in international currencies from any- standards of what is considered Shari'ah (Is- where in Malaysia. lamic law) compliant. Zeti is a member of Wharton's Executive Islamic banking and finance started Board for Asia. when Muslims began seeking financial ser- vices that met Islamic principles. Today Is- lamic banking accounts for at least 11 percent WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 5 Tommy Leonardi, 2002 TRANSFORMING RETAILING THROUGH EDUCATION JAY H. BAKER, W'56 L HEN DR. JAY H. Baker entered the retailing field W after graduation, it wasn't a big draw for Wharton students. But he knew it was the right place for him. He gained experience at an early age work- ing in his parents' millinery store in Flushing, NY. Then a career assessment test told him that retail- ing was one of the professions most suited to his NASDAQ, 1998 abilities and his friendly, personable nature. That aptitude test was right on target. More HE TOOK STOCK than 40 years after he began in Macy's training OF NASDAQ'S program, Baker retired in 1999 as president of L Kohl's Corp., the Milwaukee-based store chain he BOOM grew to a $3.8 billion, 300-store powerhouse. ALFRED R. BERKELEY III, WG'68 Baker, his two partners Bill Kellogg and John Herma, and financial investors bought Kohl's in a leveraged buyout from British conglomer- ALFRED BERKELEY III BECAME PRESIDENT of the NASDAQ ate BATUS in 1986. They refocused the company and in 1992 took it Stock Market in 1996, back when it was a helter-skelter kind of place public. Today Kohl's continues to be one of the fastest-growing retailers — full of potential, but still with a few rogues in its midst. Berkeley had in the country. had a long run as a successful executive at Alex Brown Inc., and Since his retirement, Baker To reverse this trend, Baker wanted to bring status and stability to what had become, in the and his wife Patty have contin- joined with Wharton to run-up to the big technology stock boom, the country's sec- ued to impact the retailing in- create the Baker Retailing ond-largest stock market, bypassing the traditional ones like dustry by giving to Wharton for the American Stock Exchange. Initiative, an educational such initiatives as undergraduate Berkeley, who received his MBA from Wharton in scholarships, the Patty and Jay "industry center" focused 1968, faced a quandary: How could NASDAQ be more H. Baker Forum in Jon M. on retail research and on ex- palatable for traditional customers? "My philosophy is that Huntsman Hall, and the Jay H. posing students to the field. customers have to come before brokers and all investors have Baker Retailing Initiative to sup- to be treated equally," Berkeley told the financial press. "And port retailing education and research. I believe that technology is the way to implement performance and Throughout his career, Baker had observed a trend of diminished policy issues." focus on retail at top schools, declining interest in retail careers from Berkeley put in strict rules for trades and company reports, top students, and fewer relationships between retailers and top univer- quelling the over-pricing scandals that had dotted the NASDAQ's past, sities. To reverse this trend, he joined with Wharton to create the Baker and pushed computerization and other standards in Retailing Initiative, an educational "industry center" focused on retail high-tech trading that made NASDAQ not only palat- research and on exposing students to the field. Student interest has able, but for many the preferable way to enter the mar- been so strong that a secondary undergraduate concentration in retail- ket. No longer did companies rush to the New York Stock Exchange ing has been added. once they became bigger — Microsoft, Intel, Amgen, and other matur- Jay and Patty Baker have extended their generosity to the Fashion ing multibillion companies stuck with Berkeley and his newly re- Institute of Technology to create the Patty and Jay H. Baker School of spectable NASDAQ. Business and Technology. Academic interest in retailing has already After the NASDAQ slide of more than 50 percent in 1999 and spread to Columbia, the University of Arizona, and the University of 2000, Berkeley decried the rise in speculation, as opposed to long-term Florida, among others. investing. He pushed NASDAQ companies to accept more rigid stan- A Wharton Overseer, Baker couldn't be happier. "Part of my dards for investment and accounting, which attracted more institutions dream was that there would be other schools getting interested," he told and individual investors — the basis for successful long-term stock ex- Women's Wear Daily. change success. His technological innovations improved time-lag prob- lems for traders, making cheating on the margins of those trades next to impossible. Under Berkeley's rule, NASDAQ became not only a hot market, but a leader in trading efficiency. Berkeley retired from NASDAQ in 2003, and is chairman of Pipeline Trading Systems, a registered broker-dealer specializing in electronic block trading of securities, that is a subsidiary of e-Xchange Advantage Corp., where Berkeley is also chairman. 6 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S PIONEER IN ACADEMIC TAX PREPARATION BUSINESS RESEARCH FOR THE MASSES ANNE BEZANSON, PROFESSOR RICHARD BLOCH, W'46 NNE BEZANSON had BY THE TIME Richard Bloch had reached and set out to make the world a better place A not yet completed her PhD in economic history in 1921, yet she was about to make history herself. At Wharton, the young Canadian helped establish the first business school research center, the Industrial Research Unit (later known as Industrial Research Depart- age 52, he had clearly made it. for cancer victims. He endowed the R.A. He had graduated from Wharton at age Bloch Cancer Management Center at the 19 and briefly went into various businesses University of Missouri, Kansas City, and outside his hometown of Kansas City, MO. developed the National Cancer Institute's He returned to Kansas City in the early 1950s "PDQ2" computer system, which informed to join his brothers, Henry and Leon, in a patients of the latest in cancer treatment. He family bookkeeping business. In 1955 they served on President Reagan's National Cancer branched out into tax preparation — at a Advisory Board and endowed parks in two mere $5 a return — when the Internal Rev- dozen cities dedicated to cancer victims. ment or IRD), with Professor Joseph enue Service cut back on tax advising services. All the while, though, Bloch did his Willits (see p. 72). The founding By the late 1970s, H & R Block (the spelling own taxes. marked Wharton's shift toward becoming changed to ease customer identification) was Before he died in 2004 at the age of 78 an academic business research hub — defin- doing about 10 percent of the nation's returns — of heart failure, not cancer — he was able ing a new role for business schools that con- — inexpensively and efficiently. to establish his own unofficial holiday, Na- tinues today. Fast forward through a tremendous tional Cancer Survivors Day, the first Sunday Bezanson's 1921 article on promotion career: It had been nine years since he had in June, designed to promote awareness of practices became the first product of the IRD. semi-retired from what was then the largest cancer and its cures. Bezanson continued her practical research in tax-preparation business in the world. The the early 1920s, writing a series on personnel rest of life seemed to be smooth sailing. issues, focusing on turnover, worker ameni- Except that Bloch had been a heavy ties, and accident prevention. smoker. Doctors told Willits and Bezanson designed an ambi- him he had lung cancer By the late 1970s, H & R Block tious research program to explore and help and only three months to was doing about 10 percent of the civilize industrial working conditions, with the live. Through aggressive nation's returns — inexpensively goal of social change. In 1922, Bezanson and treatment, he beat it — Willits spent a year studying the earnings of and again beat colon can- and efficiently. coal miners at the U.S. Coal Commission. cer two years later. Employer associations, government agencies, He sold all of his H and international organizations continued to & R Block stock in 1982 look to the IRD for timely and practical knowledge. In 1929, Bezanson finished her Harvard 1896 PhD and became the first female faculty mem- ber of Penn's Graduate School of Arts and Through a Wharton Sciences. Under her leadership as co-director (which continued until 1945), the IRD had fellowship, W.E.B. many women on its team and pursued research DuBois undertook his into the economic status of workers, revealing for the first time hard proof of the disparities in classic study of the L salaries and promotions for women and mi- norities across many industries. social and economic Bezanson became the first woman to conditions of urban get full tenure at Penn, and in the 1930s sat on the National Bureau of Economic Re- blacks. search Price Conference. From 1939 to 1950 Bezanson was a part-time consultant at the Rockefeller Foundation, where she organized the first-ever roundtable on economic history in 1940. As a result of this involvement, Bezanson played a crucial role in the creation of the Economic History Association in the early 1940s, serving as president between H& R Block, 2003 1946–1947. She died in 1980. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 7 A bold and blunt-spoken leader, Boisi VISIONARY Beawiharta, Reuters, 2003 has thrown himself into charitable pursuits INVESTMENT BANKER with characteristic vigor. A Knight of Malta GEOFFREY T. BOISI, WG'71 and devout Catholic, Boisi serves as trustee for the Papal Foundation and Joseph P. Kennedy IN 1978, ONLY SEVEN years after earning Enterprises. In addition, Boisi is a co-founder his Wharton MBA, Geoffrey Boisi became and chair of The National Mentoring the youngest partner of Goldman, Sachs & Partnership and is a director of Communities Co. As Management Committee partner, the in Schools. young banker became responsible for the Throughout his career, he has continued firm's worldwide investment banking activi- his service to Wharton. Boisi served ties. He then became co-founder, chairman, as co-chair with the late Mickey Tarnopol, and CEO of The Beacon Group, LLC, a pri- W'58 (see p. 65), vice chairman of the Invest- L vate equity and advisory firm headquartered ment Banking Division of Bear, Stearns & in New York City. Co., Inc, on Wharton's Campaign for INDONESIA'S Boisi made a celebrated deal in 2000 Sustained Leadership, helping the School when he sold Bea- surpass its original $350 mil- FINANCIAL RUDDER con for $500 mil- Boisi served as co-chair lion campaign goal to raise DR. BOEDIONO, GRW'79 lion to Chase with the late Mickey $445.7 million. He and Manhattan Bank, Tarnopol, W'58, vice Tarnopol were both honored HEN DR. BOEDIONO W which soon merged with Wharton Dean's took over Indonesia's Fi- chairman of the Invest- with J.P. Morgan & Medals in 2003. Boisi cur- nance Ministry in August Co. Boisi served as ment Banking Division of rently serves on Wharton's 2001, the country's econ- vice chairman of Bear, Stearns & Co., Inc, Board of Overseers. omy and financial system investment banking on Wharton's Campaign were still mired in the for the new JP for Sustained Leadership, Asia crisis of 1997–98. Morgan Chase, en- helping the School sur- He was about to single-handedly steer In- visioning a world donesia onto a strong growth path. of giant business pass its original $350 Former college economics professor enterprises — "cor- million campaign goal Boediono, who is on Wharton's Executive porate city-states," to raise $445.7 million. Board for Asia, took control. Using the he called them — political skills gleaned in an earlier post as and reconfiguring the company as a combina- planning minister, he quickly secured a tion investment and commercial bank that direct reporting line to President Megawati Sukarnoputri, then per- would serve them with a leaner, more produc- tive staff. WHARTON first suaded the International Monetary In 2002 JP Morgan Chase suffered heavy Between 1895 and Fund to resume a debt program losses in Enron, Global Crossings, and other after a one-year hiatus. bad investments that preceded Boisi's arrival. 1915, Wharton faculty "It was very clear that the first priority The one-time wunderkind then shocked Wall must be instilling some sense of normality for created new business Street with a sudden early retirement amid a the macroeconomy before we could do any- management shake-up by Chairman and disciplines in: thing," he said in a 2003 BusinessWeek Online CEO William Harrison. article. Boediono remained in office until 2004, • Accounting earning a "glowing international and domestic L reputation" for his extreme fiscal prudence • Insurance and technocratic finesse. He returned to gov- ernment just one year later under President • Business Law Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Today, Boediono is Indonesia's Coordi- • Marketing nating Minister for the Economy and was re- • Finance cently described by The Jakarta Post as "one of Indonesia's most highly respected economic • Transportation policymakers," adding "the return of Boe- Wharton Alumni Magazine, 2004 diono's steadying and unifying influence is • Industrial something for which to be grateful." Management 8 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S INTERNATIONAL Courtesy of Bolles Family FOOTHOLD FOR U.S. MANUFACTURING JAMES CHADBOURN BOLLES, W'29 L OME SUCCESSFUL people S pull themselves up by their bootstraps. But James Chad- bourn Bolles used his socks. Bolles' career started after he graduated from Wharton and joined the American Trust KEEPING HIS EYE Co., before moving into manufacturing, his ON THE DIGITAL BALL college major. Starting work in 1938 at Rufus ROBERT A. BOWMAN, WG'79 D. Wilson Inc. in Burlington, NC, Bolles took the reigns of the hosiery-producing firm "IT'S VIRTUALLY impossible to complain L and expanded it by purchasing other mills, about this job," says Bob Bowman, the presi- changing the company's name to Chadbourn dent and CEO of Major League Baseball Gotham Inc. By 1946 he moved the company Advanced Media, MLB's flourishing Internet to Charlotte, NC. arm. "Because when people like doctors Through strategic acquisitions and inter- and lawyers and bankers are complaining WARNACO nal capital investments, Bolles created an im- about their jobs, and then you mention you pressive record of market value growth and work in baseball, there are not a lot of sympa- appreciation. Even while relaxing, Bolles had thetic ears." clear vision for opportunity. To anyone He bought the Opel Bolles' company devel- familiar with the While Bowman has leveraged his com- Strumpfwerke AG plant in oped innovative products, baseball busi- pany's position in the ticketing and merchan- Hamburg, Germany as he partnering in 1955 with ness, Bowman's dising areas — as well as building such a vacationed with his wife Rose- work with MLB mammoth broadband pipeline that BAM mary in Portugal. Bolles de- Burlington Industries to Advanced Media now hosts sites for top music acts and even the clared that he was determined introduce stretch socks leaves little room NCAA basketball tournament's streaming "to gain a foothold in the Eu- and stockings using for complaint. video — Bowman has always clung to the fact ropean Common Market." fibers developed during Just 10 years ago, that baseball, because it plays 2,430 games a In the meantime, the wool and silk shortages only a few base- year, had vastly more material to exploit than company developed innova- ball owners had any other sport. Bowman's enterprise first tive products, partnering in of World War II. ever heard of the tackled radio, began webcasting every game in 1955 with Burlington Indus- Internet. Today, full this season — in perfectly watchable video tries to introduce stretch socks BAM, as it's clarity — and now is tackling an array of wire- and stockings using fibers developed during known among baseball fans, oversees MLB's less services. wool and silk shortages of World War II. In online business on its portal (mlb.com) and The result could be millions in income 1962, his company introduced a revolution- elsewhere, from ticketing and merchandise to to be shared among baseball's 30 owners. ary new product: "Foreva," the runless, seam- Web broadcasts and wireless services. It has MLBAM could help fill the financial gulf be- less women's stocking. When rival Hanes exploded from a 2000 startup with $120 mil- tween the game's opulent New York Yankees Hosiery Mills Co. introduced its competitive lion in seed money to a profitable company and budget Kansas City Royals. product the very same week, its president with $195 million in annual revenues and "I don't know if they're taking Gordon Hanes joked, "This is the death knell growing at some 30 to 40 percent a year. Said me more seriously or the business," of the hosiery business." MLB commissioner Bud Selig, "I don't think Bowman quipped about ownership, While the promise of "runless" was over- a lot of people understood how important this "but they're certainly taking this sold, women's stockings were about to be is going to be." business more seriously." severely challenged by changing women's fashions. But by targeting the international market, Chadbourn continued to post sales increases despite the downturn in U.S. de- mand for hosiery products. When Bolles retired in 1970, he had grown the company from a small regional firm to an international and diversified textile and apparel complex with $68 million in sales. Bolles died in 1987. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 9 ARCHITECT OF U.S. Library of Congress, 1976 PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS WILLIAM J. BRENNAN JR., W'28, HON'57 S THE INTELLECTUAL A leader of the movement to- wards expanded individual and civil rights, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court William Brennan funda- mentally changed the court's approach toward the Consti- tution. After his death in July 1997, he was called "probably the most influential justice of the century" by Justice Antonin Scalia. Brennan served the court for a near record-breaking three decades. When Brennan graduated with a degree in economics in 1928 from Wharton, the per- sonable Newark, NJ, young man embarked on a journey that would lead him to become one of the most revered and dominant U.S. Supreme Court justices. After law school at Harvard, Brennan en- tered the Army during World War II, rising to Colonel in 1945. Between 1949 and 1951 he was a judge on the New Jersey Superior Court and then that state's Supreme Court before being appointed by President Dwight WHARTON first Eisenhower, a Republican, in 1956 to the 1921 The Industrial U.S. Supreme Court. indispensable. What drove him were passion Brennan was the quintessential liberal and compassion, insight and empathy, and Research Unit (IRU), jurist for causes ranging from civil rights to a dream of a Constitution of, by, and for the world's first business opposing the death penalty. the people." Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Tribe By the time he retired in July 1990, school research center, wrote that Brennan was Brennan had ruled in 1,360 the "principal architect of Brennan was opinions, surpassing all but one marked Wharton's shift the nation's system for the "principal justice in the court's history. His protecting individual vital cases included New York to a strong interdisci- architect of rights." He continued, Times v. Sullivan, which estab- plinary approach to the nation's lished the actual malice standard "Intellect alone could never have achieved so system for of which press reports could be research and engage- much, though Brennan's protecting indi- considered to be defamation and intellectual brilliance and vidual rights." libel (allowing free reporting of ment with the business analytical acumen were civil rights campaigns in the southern U.S.), and Furman v. community. Georgia, which ruled application of the death penalty required consistency (resulting in the suspension of the death penalty from 1973 to 1976). 10 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S EXPRESS CHECKOUT FOR RETAILING INNOVATIONS CHARLES BUTT, W'59 AS AN 8-YEAR-OLD, CHARLES BUTT began bagging groceries in his family's stores — a business his grandmother had started with a $60 loan in 1905 on the ground floor of her home in the Texas Hill Country. Today, Butt chairs the privately held, San Antonio, TX-based H-E-B supermarket chain, with 320 stores, including 25 locations in Mexico, and $13 billion in sales. The third-generation grocer became Oracle H-E-B's CEO in 1971, and has led the company's evolution into a L major regional retailer with significant vertical integration in food processing. Described by a retail trade publication as "a benchmark for market ORACLE'S PRESIDENT AND CFO SAFRA CATZ, W'83, L'86 domination," H-E-B has gobbled up two-thirds of the local supermar- ket dollars in several Texas metro areas, "in the process offering some ESPITE HER high-profile post — co-president encouragement to grocers that have resigned themselves to living in Wal-Mart's lengthening shadow." Indeed, the company is today the nation's 15th largest grocery chain based on revenue and the leading company of its kind in Texas. In 2006, H-E-B was number 11 on Forbes' list of largest privately held companies and the largest privately held company in Texas. H-E-B is also known for its generosity, with 5 percent of annual pre-tax earnings given to civic and charitable organi- zations in the communities in which the company operates, including schools and food banks. D and CFO of business-software company Oracle Corp. — very little has been written about Safra Catz except that she prefers not to be written about. While Forbes named Catz to its annual list of Most Powerful Women, one report states, "Catz … prefers to leave the media spotlight to her boss" — scene-stealing CEO Larry Ellison. Despite her obvious discomfort with the limelight, Catz's influ- ence at Oracle is undeniable. A former investment banker who ran H-E-B manages to offer the customers varied store formats: from Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Inc.'s software business before joining the H-E-B Plus stores of 140,000 square feet to its 75,000-square-foot Oracle as Senior Vice specialty gourmet offering, H-E-B Central Market. Each is tailored President in 1999, to the demographics and ethnicities of its immediate neighborhoods, Catz put an end to the Catz drove the $10.6 experts say. company's free-spending billion hostile takeover As Butt himself told Wharton Alumni Magazine in 1997, "The ways after the technol- of PeopleSoft Inc. The most important place a retailer can be is in the store. That's where you can speak with customers personally ogy boom ended, and the deal vaulted Oracle to company has prospered. second in the business- and learn about their changing needs." management software market behind SAP AG. And Oracle is still growing its market share, including such mam- moth acquisitions as its 2005 $5.85 billion purchase of rival Siebel L Systems Inc. Promoted to co-president in 2004 and adding the title of CFO in 2006, Catz honed her skills restructuring Oracle itself. She put an end to the company's free-spending ways after the technology boom ended, and the company has prospered. Operating profits were 40 percent of revenue in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006, up from 21percent dur- ing 1999. Catz hinted at her operating style in 2006, in answer to a question about the lack of women in technology after an appearance at the Women's High-Tech Coalition, a Silicon Valley group. "You have to be better," she said. "You have got to work harder, work longer, be louder." Wharton Alumni Magazine, 1997 WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 11 A SAVVY PUBLISHING Peter Olson, 1992 INNOVATOR FOR BRAZIL ROBERTO F. CIVITA, W'57 T DID NOT seem like a propitious L I time to launch a serious news maga- zine in 1968 when Roberto Civita, scion of the Brazilian publishing con- cern Abril, decided to start Veja, a glossy that would stand somewhere between Time, Newsweek, and People Weekly. Civita's father founded Abril 18 years before as a conservative media company, but Roberto saw an opportunity to be the biggest as senior vice president and chief marketing officer for Tricon Restaurants International, he drove the aggressive international expan- player in a quickly growing country. sion of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, The problem was that the military gov- and Taco Bell. ernment in Brazil was not happy about dis- In 2000, Cobb moved to the online in- senting voices, and was intent on censoring novator eBay as senior vice president of global them or, worse, shutting them down. Civita, marketing, responsible for eBay's branding though, was careful. He pegged his magazine and marketing activities worldwide, including as straightforward, at the same time riding a advertising, promotions, direct marketing, wave of increased literacy in South America's partner relationships, business development, largest nation. and Internet marketing. Civita took over as chief executive of His brand-building journey again Abril from his father in 1982 and built a varied headed international when Cobb, as the se- media empire, which included not only Veja, nior vice president of eBay International, but comic books, book publishing, magazines, L eBay drove the company's global expansion from cable television, and maps and travel guides. 2002 to 2004, resulting in eBay's on-the- Veja was Abril's flagship, and its tone and ground presence today in 33 countries. credibility set it apart from cheekier Brazilian BRAND INNOVATOR Currently, Cobb is the president of eBay titles, winning respectability from both right FOR PEPSI AND EBAY Marketplaces North America, where he over- and left in Brazil's increasingly tense political WILLIAM C. COBB, W'78 sees the marketing, strategic planning, climate. He kept his company above politics and business development for all of eBay's and made good profits even when Brazil PEPSICO, INC., the food and drink industry North American businesses. This includes would have its periodic bouts of currency de- mega-giant, is known for building brands eBay.com, eBay Canada, eBay Motors, Shop- valuation — Veja had a circulation of more such as Pepsi, Pizza Hut, and Doritos and ping.com, Rent.com, and StubHub. than 1.1 million at the turn of the millennium. growing marketing talent like Bill Cobb. Cobb continues to live consumer mar- Abril was the first Brazilian media Cobb emerged in the 1990s as one keting, brand-building, and innovation and is company to attract significant for- of PepsiCo's pedigree marketers who proved the champion of the eBay community, the eign investment — $50 million from his ability to innovate, build brands, and buyers and sellers around the world who trade the U.S. firm Capital Group. globally market and expand the restaurant with each other. Abril now publishes seven of Brazil's ten franchise business. largest circulation magazines, and by 2004 As vice president of new As vice president of new sold 180 million copies a year and reached 26 business for the soft drink divi- million readers. business for the soft drink sion, Cobb forged the way for Not only is the media Civita's business, PepsiCo in the new-age bever- division, Cobb forged the it's his passion. During Wharton's 2006 age race against the Coca-Cola way for PepsiCo in the new- Global Alumni Forum in Rio de Janeiro, he Company with the launch of age beverage race against explained, "Ensuring the free flow of accurate Aquafina Water and the Pepsi/ the Coca-Cola Company. information and responsible opinion and Starbucks Coffee partnership for analysis to the largest number of people possi- ready-to-drink coffee products. ble is the best way we can nurture the eco- Soon after he was the ap- nomic, social, and political development of pointed the chief marketing our great country." officer and senior vice president for Pizza A member of Wharton's Executive Board Hut — the world's largest pizza chain and for Latin America, Civita has been a keynote third-largest restaurant business — he put the speaker at two other Global Alumni Forums. sizzle back into pizza. Cobb next took his brand-building passion international, where 12 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S HE MADE AIRLINES FLY HIGHER Medtronic, 2006 ROBERT L. CRANDALL, WG'60 L A GREAT DEAL of what has been done right by the troubled airline industry is due to the will of Robert Crandall. During his tenure at American Airlines from 1980 to 1998, which includes stints as president and chairman, he started the modern frequent flyer program, began the hub and spoke system to keep people flying from small cities to major ones on a simplified schedule, and began code-sharing with domestic and John Abbott, 2003 L important foreign airlines. Sometimes, Crandall went back and forth with such innovations, as when he put A MEDICAL in many tiers of fares at American, then CALLING REDIRECTED changed to simplified fares, then went back to ARTHUR D. COLLINS JR., WG'73 the more complex system. Even this was a response to technological innovation. He had T'S TOUGH TO picture Medtronic reports that every five seconds, a Medtronic his analysts figure out, with mathematical I CEO and Chairman Arthur Collins Jr. product is used to save or substantially im- matrices, which kinds of travelers flew at as anything other than a poised profes- prove a life. what times, on which routes, and with what sional. But get him talking, and you'll "My hope for the future is that we'll advanced planning. His goal, he said, was to glimpse the young boy who followed accelerate the use of advanced medical tech- fill every seat in a plane, not just have the most his doctor dad on medical rounds. nology to provide even better medical simplified system. The result? Sabre, the Today, Collins brings the same excite- solutions," Collins says. To that end, he often modern reservations system. ment with him when he meets patients helped "scrubs in" with surgeons using Medtronic Crandall is notably blunt, even brusque. by Medtronic's medical devices. products and walks the R&D labs and manu- U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney was When it came to choosing a career path, facturing facilities. CEO of Halliburton when USA Today asked however, Arthur Collins Sr. — himself a Penn Lauded as an innovative leader for him to comment on Crandall's legacy grad — had a piece of advice for his son: Medtronic and as chairman of the Advanced upon retirement. "If you don't have an undeni- Medical Technology "His greatest asset: He tells you exactly able calling to be a physician, "My hope for the future Association, Collins what he thinks," said Cheney. "In the corpo- don't do it." Bitten instead is that we'll accelerate was appointed by the rate world and politics, most people are reluc- by the business bug, Collins the use of advanced U.S. Commerce Sec- tant to do that. They don't want to offend combined his childhood awe medical technology to retary to the Measur- anyone or hurt their position. But it's vital to of healing with leadership ing Innovation in the work with people like Bob." skills nurtured in the U.S. provide even better 21st Century Econ- Even his union rivals praise Crandall as Navy and the Wharton MBA medical solutions." omy Advisory Com- a tough adversary in negotiations but an program. After consulting at mittee in 2006. He's unstinting ally in improving the industry. Booz Allen Hamilton and now charged with Denise Hedges, the president of the Associa- working for Abbott Laboratories, he joined understanding and measuring how U.S. inno- tion of Professional Flight Attendants told Medtronic, in 1992. Early in 2001, Collins vation contributes to American economic USA Today, "Crandall's brilliant, creative fi- became CEO, and a year later was elected growth and productivity. nancial and marketing skills are something chairman of the board. Collins is also a Wharton Overseer. a manager can learn from." Minneapolis-based Medtronic is the world's largest medical device company, with revenues annualizing at more than $12 bil- lion. Medtronic is best known for its pace- makers and implantable defibrillators, but also makes products to battle a range of car- diac and cardiovascular problems. The firm has also branched into treating neurological and spinal disorders, diabetes, and urological and gastrointestinal problems. Medtronic WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 13 wide, and the Diversified Agency Services unit, triggering waves of industry consolida- tion. As CEO and chairman, Crawford worked with CFO and EVP Randall J. Weisenburger, WG'87 (a member of Wharton's Board of Overseers who established the Wharton-Omnicom Com- munications Fellows Program), to grow Omnicom with a successful strategy of buying smaller, specialized agencies with talented management. In 2002, while still Omnicom chairman, Crawford took over the leadership of Upper West Side Manhattan's artistic jewel, the Lincoln Center, which was in internal disar- ray. The dozen different arts groups that used the center were arguing constantly over every- thing from schedules to development rights. John Abbott, 1994 With an elder statesman's gravitas and a busi- nessman's no-nonsense manner, he was an antidote to the bickering among the center's various arts groups. Crawford, a past president of the 1921 Metropolitan Opera, threw himself into the AD MAN, new job, mollifying constituent performing The Wharton MBA ARTS EXECUTIVE groups, boosting the number of shows pro- BRUCE CRAWFORD, W'52 duced, and determining what should be de- Program enrolled its veloped on the immense parcel along the UNDER CHAIRMAN BRUCE Crawford, mid-to-upper stretches of Broadway. He left first class. advertising giant Omnicom was best known the Lincoln Center chairmanship in 2005, for creating buzz with advertisements, partic- with the health of the center restored. ularly television spots, that were quirky rather More than anything, Crawford is ad- than straight. His company had Donald mired by Wall Street and the creative com- Trump, W'68 (see p. 68) and his ex-wife munity alike for his ability to see both the Ivana secretly meeting to enjoy a Pizza Hut bottom line and artistic excellence. He under- pizza together, celebrities wearing milk stands that success in both opera and mustaches for the "Got milk?" spots, and advertising requires substantial financing Clydesdales playing a horsey game of football. and a watchful eye. In his professional life, Crawford has also taken a Crawford is admired by Wall few unexpected turns. A true Street and the creative com- renaissance man, he is com- munity alike for his ability to fortable among artists and executives, and speaks the see both the bottom line and language of high culture artistic excellence. while trafficking in the glib pop lingo of advertising. Then chairman of BBDO Worldwide, in 1986 Crawford presided over the Big Bang — the creation of Omnicom, then a newly created holding company that comprises the BBDO Worldwide, DDB Needham World- 14 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S LED PHILLY BUILT A FEDERAL RESERVE BANKING GIANT JEAN ANDRUS CROCKETT, EDWARD E. CRUTCHFIELD, WG'65 PROFESSOR WHEN EDWARD E. Crutchfield started ENACITY coupled with running day-to-day operations at First Union T brilliance were key to Jean Bank as its chief executive officer in 1984, the Andrus Crockett's ground- organization had $7 billion in assets. That's breaking career. She was not bad for a regional bank in western North the first female department Carolina, but it was a mere blip on the na- chair at Wharton, the first tional scene. By the time the man the banking woman to lead the Faculty world dubbed "Fast Eddie" stepped down be- Senate, and the first woman to chair the Fed- cause of a bout with cancer in 2000, First eral Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. Crockett, Union was a $258 billion bank — the sixth who died in 1998, was a scholar of consump- largest in the country. By the time he became chief executive in tion and savings, investment, financial Crutchfield earned his nick- 1984, interstate banking had become feasible. interest rates, markets, and the eco- name by making more than 100 Crutchfield took full advantage, spreading nomics of health care. She published banking acquisitions during his 16 First Union mostly toward the more lucrative widely in major scholarly journals and also years at the helm of First Union. In markets in the Northeastern United States. held a series of public service positions the process, he turned Charlotte into one of Crutchfield was considered an outsized per- throughout her career. the world's major banking centers. sonality and constantly on the prowl to make Crockett broke new ground in her analy- After earning his MBA at Wharton in a deal. ses of the stock market and investors. In 1970, 1965, Crutchfield returned to North Car- He was behind the scenes, having just re- for example, she and Wharton colleagues olina to become a banking bond analyst. In tired as CEO, when First Union made its Irwin Friend (see p. 21) and Marshall Blume 1972 at age 32, he was president at First biggest acquisition, buying its North Carolina found that mutual funds did little to improve Union, the youngest at that position at any neighbor, Wachovia. The deal created the the market's efficiency. On average, they major bank in the country. He became an fourth-largest bank in the country under Wa- found, mutual-fund investors would have early advocate of advancing technology in the chovia's corporate identity. Crutchfield's fared better had they simply bought an equal consumer banking business and of offering legacy makes him the man who made consol- number of shares of every common stock on non-traditional financial services to both idation the watchword for the early years of the New York Stock Exchange. consumer and business customers. interstate banking. She was promoted to full professor in 1966 Crockett broke new and named chairwoman ground in her analyses L of the finance department of the stock market in 1977. In 1989, she re- ceived the University's and investors. Distinguished Faculty Award for "pioneering all-University leadership and for dedication to furthering the careers of junior colleagues and graduate students." L Crockett served as a director of the Fed- eral Reserve Bank of Philadelphia from 1977 to 1982, and was appointed chairwoman of the regional bank in 1982. In one of her first statements in that post, she echoed a theme sounded by former Fed chairman Paul A. Volcker, who argued that Federal deficits had to be cut to make the Fed's job less agonizing. Wachovia Bank "Interest rates," Crockett said at that time, "would not have to be this high if fiscal policy were used in addition to monetary policy to fight inflation." Wharton Publications WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 15 LEADING IN plans for building the Oregon Symphony. PERFECT HARMONY "I'd call him a multitasking demon," for- 1924 mer Oregon Governor Neil Goldschmidt once JAMES DEPREIST, W'58, ASC'61, said. "In addition to the music, he was in- Professor Solomon HON'76 volved in any number of things: fund-raising, promoting, and transforming the orchestra." Huebner helped shape HE OREGON Symphony T U.S. Senator Mark Hatfield called the future of insurance dedicated the 2002–2003 DePreist the dominant figure in the season to its music director state's cultural life for 20 years. education with his for more than two decades, DePreist, in addition to being a busy James DePreist. A program for guest conductor, is now permanent conduc- keynote address on the tribute season declared, tor of the Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony "James DePreist's legacy is Orchestra. the value of human life every note the orchestra will ever play." as a nation's greatest A board member of the orchestra summed it up this way: "He took a group that A TRUSTED LEADER resource. wasn't a full-time professional ensemble and made it into a first-rate orchestra, in part be- FOR TURBULENT TIMES cause of his ability to attract and keep first-rate PRIDIYATHORN DEVAKULA, WG'70 players." His 50-plus recordings include more than a dozen records with the Oregon Sym- PRIDIYATHORN DEVAKULA, the great- sending it into a downward swirl. They phony that helped immeasurably in growing grandson of a Thai king, has long been an in- looked for a figure who would assure the its international reputation. novative thinker for the Thai economy, most world that one of Asia's new tigers would con- Born in Philadelphia in 1936, DePreist prominently as the country's central bank tinue to roar. Pridiyathorn was tapped to be earned an undergraduate degree from Whar- chief in the early 2000s. He rose to that post finance minister and deputy prime minister ton and a master's from Penn's Annenberg after serving for two decades as an executive in for economic affairs. School before studying composition at the the country's private banking system. The Straits Times of Singapore called Philadelphia Conservatory of Music. Pridiyathorn became the head of the Pridiyathorn "highly respected" and wrote, "At the time that I was at Wharton it Bank of Thailand in 2001 at the height of "His appointment in particular has reassured seemed very logical. I was going to be a rampant inflation in investors that there lawyer," DePreist recalls. "I was making a ge- Southeast Asia. He believed "His appointment in will be policy conti- ographical separation in my mind between that the inflation was particular has reassured nuity on the eco- those things that brought me a great deal of caused by Prime Minister investors that there will nomic front." pleasure, and practical things. All of my musi- Thaksin Shinawatra's over- As finance min- cal activities were both avocational and ex- spending and tried to be policy continuity on ister, Pridiyathorn tracurricular." counteract it by continually the economic front." continued his tight His gifts, however, were too great to con- raising interest rates until controls, restricting fine to a pastime. DePreist's maternal aunt inflation subsided. foreign investments was legendary contralto Marian Anderson, When a military coup toppled the gov- and putting in policies to curb speculation in the first African American ever to perform on ernment of Thailand in 2006, the new rulers the baht, Thailand's currency. In February stage at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. of the Asian nation were worried that the 2007 he resigned his posts from the nascent Anderson favored her nephew with gifts of change would rile the country's economy, Thai government. classical records, sending him down the path L Taking on the honorific title of Mom that led to his receiving the National Medal of Ratchawong, reserved for royal descendants, Arts from the National Endowment for the Pridiyathorn commands respect as well for his Arts in 2005. forthright handling of economic policy and In Portland, DePreist drew on his Whar- corruption in government. He has removed ton degree to devise ingenious marketing executives from banks whom he believed were L engaging in bribery and took on both military and civilian officials when he thought they were pushing policies that were self-serving and not moving the general Thai economy forward. His legacy as an independent figure is unusual in Thailand, which was primarily under either military rule or monarchy Sukree Sukplang, Reuters, 2001 through most of the 20th and 21st centuries. Oregon Symphony, 2004 Pridiyathorn is a member of Wharton's Executive Board for Asia. 16 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S Wharton Alumni Magazine, 2004 SHE OPENED THE OLD GIRLS' NETWORK CONNIE K. DUCKWORTH, WG'79 "MANY WOMEN don't realize that they can L achieve their dreams and execute on their pas- sions in business," Connie Duckworth has said. "It really is a wonderful form of self-ex- pression. And the beauty of having a success- ful business is it gives you a wonderful economic platform from which to do good." Duckworth has used that platform throughout her career. She began at Arco in the oil business in the late 1970s when the in- dustry was at its hottest, then became a woman of firsts at Goldman Sachs, serving as the firm's first female sales and trading part- ner, co-head of the Municipal Bond Depart- ment, head of Fixed Income in Los Angeles, and co-head of the Chicago office. All the L while she spent hundreds of hours helping younger women understand the hows and HE MADE Sunoco whys of succeeding in business. SUN OIL RISE In 2001, Duckworth retired from Gold- ROBERT G. DUNLOP, W'31, HON'72 man to make mentoring fledgling business- women her full-time vocation. She co- OBERT DUNLOP called Under Dunlop, Sun Oil in 1958 intro- founded 8 Wings Enterprises, a group of angel investors that advises and selectively funds early-stage, women-led companies, co-authored The Old Girls' Network: Insider Advice for Women Building Businesses in a Man's World and served as chair of the Committee of 200, a professional organiza- trepreneurs and corporate executives. R himself a "bean counter." Despite his sober self-assess- ment, Dunlop led Sun Oil Co. in innovative marketing strategies and aggressive ac- quisitions. His leadership converted a regional com- tion of the nation's most powerful women en- pany into a fully integrated corporation by greatly expanding its marketing territory, duced an innovation that is now familiar: the Custom Blending Pump, a novel system for dispensing a choice of five octane grades of gasoline from a single pump. It revolutionized the method of marketing gasoline, al- lowing companies to market higher- priced blends. A model of the pump is on display at the Smithsonian Institution. Now Duckworth is in the spotlight for manufacturing, and production. Sun expanded into Canada, and later her work as founding president of Arzu, a not- The valedictorian of his Wharton class, into Venezuela beginning in 1957. The for-profit organization that aims to provide Dunlop joined the Philadelphia oil company Venezuelan Sun Oil Company produced sustainable income to Afghan women by as an accountant. At the age of 37, Dunlop more than one billion barrels of oil from Lake sourcing and selling the was handpicked to be- Maracaibo before ceasing operations in 1975 carpets they weave. "The beauty of having come the first president of when the Venezuelan government national- "There's a 'woman-made' a successful business Sun outside the Pew fam- ized Sun's holdings. When Sun Oil merged craft made in virtually is it gives you a won- ily, whose patriarch with Sunray DX Oil of Tulsa, OK, in 1968, every remote region in the derful economic plat- Joseph Newton Pew the company's assets increased by a staggering world," Duckworth told founded the company in 50 percent. the New York Times, form from which to 1886. Endowed with re- Dunlop's ability to adapt to changing which featured Arzu in do good." markable recall — always energy market conditions increased Sun's January. "The key is to remembering the names business volume fivefold by the time he retired connect them with the biggest consumer of employees after an initial meeting — Dun- as chairman and CEO in 1974. Dunlop died market in the world, which is us." She said her lop was serene and pensive, as well as some- in 1995. Wharton training "helps her bring private-sec- times self-effacing, often referring to his tor skills to apply to public-sector problems." accounting roots but obviously proud of his Duckworth is a member of the School's superb technical prowess. Board of Overseers and winner of the Kathleen McDonald Distinguished Alumnae Award from the Wharton Women in Business organization. When the Wharton Club of New York revived its Joseph Whar- ton Awards in 2006 after a 15-year hiatus, Duckworth was one of the first honorees. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 17 LDI HE DELIVERS FOR UPS MICHAEL L. ESKEW, AMP'93 HE ONLY WAY TO T stay ahead when you're running a 100-year-old company that's already done great things, UPS CEO and chairman Mike Eskew believes, is to be "constructively dissatisfied." Like his eight predecessors, Eskew, a 1993 graduate of Wharton's Advanced Manage- UPS ment Program, came up through the ranks at L UPS, starting as an industrial engineer in his home state of Indiana. And since he took ORIGINATOR OF charge of the world's largest shipping carrier HEALTH CARE L in 2002, both business innovations and finan- cial results have been impressive, with interna- MANAGEMENT tional profits soaring as Eskew's push toward ROBERT EILERS, PROFESSOR global expansion has taken hold. He's recently overseen the development of a multibillion- WHEN ROBERT EILERS conceived the "When he started the health care man- dollar information-technology infrastructure Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics agement program, the whole idea was to bring to allow the company — and customers — to in 1967, the notion of a high-level institute sound management and economic principles track 14 million packages a day. Since 1999, that would bring together the Wharton to health care, which up until that time had Eskew has moved the company into the sup- School and Penn's medical school to address largely been insulated from them," said ply-chain management business by acquiring the problems of health care was unheard of. Arnold J. Rosoff, Professor of Legal Studies 20 related businesses in logistics, technology, The Institute, a precursor to the Health and Health Care Systems. "Up until that banking, and retail postal and business ser- Care Systems Department (the first such de- point, anyone who talked money to doctors vices. partment created at a business school), was angered them." The low-key Eskew doesn't dwell on dis- the brainchild of Eilers, professor of insurance Through Eilers' vision and energy, both appointments, and says that if you don't at Wharton and community medicine at ventures distinguished Penn as one of the first make mistakes, "you really haven't Penn's School of Medicine. Eilers es- universities to advance interdisciplinary schol- pushed hard enough." In a Fast Com- tablished the Institute to serve as a arship in the management and health sciences pany magazine profile, he recalled his angst bridge between medicine and Whar- through a formal partnership between its over his decision to buy six 747 airplanes from ton, realizing that an educational component business and medical schools. American Airlines when he moved UPS into was crucial to the Insti- On a national the air shipping business in 1984. "I knew we tute's credibility within Eilers was also an early level, LDI had a could use four (planes). But it was six or noth- the School. That also architect of national health major impact ing. I said, 'We'll take them.' I couldn't sleep meant creating an MBA insurance policies and health on the manage- for a week, thinking I had ruined the com- major in 1970 — the ment of health pany. But we filled up not only those six, but first MBA program in maintenance organizations, care systems and 280 others. We found a way to grow this busi- health care management writing much of President set the standard ness and take us around the world." Indeed, — and later undergrad- Nixon's 1970 national health for that field. in the early 1980s, UPS had just a hint of uate and doctoral con- insurance plan while serving Eilers was also business in Canada and West Germany. centrations, with the as special assistant to the an early archi- Today, it's in 200 countries. specific goal of training tect of national managers and analysts of President. health insurance Meanwhile, he's also working to expand service to China, double capacity at UPS' Eu- health care systems. policies and ropean base and spending $1 billion to ex- health maintenance organizations, writing pand the company's Louisville air hub 60 much of President Nixon's 1970 national percent by 2010, according to a USA Today health insurance plan while serving as special profile. "The biggest challenge is compla- assistant to the President. He was a driving cency," he has said. "You need to fight that. force on a team of three consultants to the We always think we can do better, be better." Undersecretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, which developed Medicare, Part C. It was this team that coined the term "health maintenance organizations." 18 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S OSCAR-WINNING PRODUCER WENDY FINERMAN, W'82 ENDY FINERMAN'S W dogged nine-year cam- paign to make Forrest Gump has become the stuff of Hollywood lore: While still in her 20s, Finerman found the story of the slow- witted Gump and knew she needed to bring it to the screen. But no one — not actors, directors, agents, or studios — shared her interest. Fin- erman persevered, eventually finding a screen- writer who wove the book's episodic and unconventional narrative into a cohesive story — a screenplay that caught the attention of actor Tom Hanks, who agreed to star. And in 1994, nine years after she started the project, Forrest Gump hit the big screen. It went on to win six Oscars, including Finerman's for pro- ducing a film that moved so many. Wire Image, 1995 "Did I get discouraged?" she told the New York Times. "Absolutely. Was it frustrat- ing? Absolutely. But as soon as I got that script I knew, with certainty, that the time had come for Forrest Gump's story to be told." Unlike most of her Wharton classmates lured star Meryl Streep into a project with 1931 who headed to Wall Street after graduation, a modest $35 million production budget. Finerman started her career in entertainment The resulting film earned more than $330 Professor George at The Movie Channel in New York. She later million in worldwide box office and nabbed a went west to become a business affairs execu- Golden Globe win and Oscar nomination for Taylor, the "father of tive for Universal Television. Finerman Streep's devilish comic turn. Her latest project American arbitration," joined Steve Tisch Productions as vice presi- is P.S., I Love You, starring Hilary Swank, to dent of production and development in 1985, be released in 2008. ended the first of where she came across the galleys for Winston Finerman served on Wharton's Under- Groom's novel Forrest Gump. graduate Executive Board for over a decade 2,000 strikes he helped Today Finerman and is helping to generate settle. Appointed to runs Wendy Finerman Finerman persevered, excitement among her class- Productions and has eventually finding a mates for their 25th reunion. serve under five presi- produced such popular screenwriter who wove films as The Fan, Step- dents, he was later mom, Drumline, and the book's episodic and the British-Academy- unconventional nature inducted into the U.S. award-winning Fairy into a cohesive story. Labor Hall of Fame. Tale: A True Story. Most recently, she put her determination into the 2006 hit, The Devil Wears Prada. She op- tioned the treatment by Lauren Weisberger inexpensively before it became a surprise best- seller, shepherded the script through numer- ous writers, championed the hiring of first-time film director David Frankel, and WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 19 M&T Archives, 2004 A PAIR OF SHOES IN EVERY CLOSET JEROME FISHER, W'53 Paola Nogueras, 2005 N THE MID-1970S, Jerome Fisher I would look at the upscale runway shows and marvel at the shoes the models were wearing. Unfortunately, the closest most women would get to those shoes was seeing them in the pages of Vogue or Harper's Bazaar. Fisher found he could modify the designs and manufacture them quickly in Brazil. Fisher's office was in the iconic sloped, glass building in Manhat- 1953 L WHARTON first The Securities L A COMPASSIONATE AND CONNECTED tan, 9 West 57th Street, so he modified that, too, and Industry Institute was LEADER named the new brand Nine West. W. FRANK FOUNTAIN, WG'73 Fisher's approach was innovative, and Nine established, the first West soon became the dominant brand in depart- IN 2006 Crain's Detroit named Frank ment stores through in-store marketing displays. and longest-running Fountain the region's number-one Instead of spending heavily on traditional advertis- custom executive pro- "most connected" person — the local ing, beginning in 1983 the Nine West team focused leader who had forged the most connec- on opening concept shops to present the full gram among business tions through civic and nonprofit board brand vision — updated styles and good quality at service. For Fountain, who is Daimler- moderate prices. schools. Chrysler's Group Senior Vice President Before long, the company was selling one of of External Affairs and Public Policy, every five pairs of women's shoes in America. By the being connected is part of his job. But time Fisher merged the company with Jones Apparel it's also who he is. in 1999, the company was valued at more than $1 billion. "Most of the success that I have experienced throughout my career The son of a successful shoe manufacturer, Fisher has said that he can be traced back to the intense, challenging, sometimes painful, was "cloned into" the business. He worked in his father's factories as a but always inspiring experience in my two years in West Bengal, teen, sold shoes while at Wharton, and even wrote a thesis on the India," Fountain has said of the time he spent in the Peace Corps from demise of the New England shoe manufacturer. 1966 to 1968. His work there helped farmers produce a Even after Fisher took Nine West public in 1993, he kept tight record-breaking rice harvest and introduced handicraft control of the company's business dealings, including operations in makers to marketing. Brazil, where Nine West at one time employed more than 60,000 Creative, resourceful, and cognizant of local, national, and inter- workers. Fisher has called the creation of jobs in Brazil one of the most national communities' connections, Fountain was born in 1944 Brew- rewarding aspects of his career. ton, AL, as the oldest of seven children in a struggling farm Fisher has been a Penn Before long, the company family. He learned early the benefits of "working hard and Trustee and a Wharton Over- was selling one of every working smart," attributes that helped him to earn a bachelor's seer. In 1995, he endowed what five pairs of women's degree in history and political science in 1966 from Virginia's has become the Jerome Fisher shoes in America. Hampton University. Program in Management & By 1973, after returning to the U.S., Fountain earned his Technology, an interdisciplinary Wharton MBA, then landed a job at Chrysler as an investment program between Wharton and analyst. By 1995 he was appointed vice president for government Penn Engineering that was the first of its kind. In addition, he and his affairs, ascending to the position of senior vice president after the 1998 wife Anne have also been honored with the naming of Fisher-Hassen- merger of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler Corp. He also oversees commu- feld College House, part of the historic quadrangle renewal project, nity relations and educational programs as president of the Daimler- and the Anne and Jerome Fisher Fine Arts Library, both in recognition Chrysler Corporation Fund. of their gifts. In his professional role, Fountain oversees the distribution of more than $20 million in grants annually, aimed at developing a skilled workforce, ensuring community vitality, and encouraging employee involvement. In his private life, Fountain is busy on many boards, especially those that support the Detroit community, including Detroit Public Schools, and development and health care in Africa, including the Cor- porate Council on Africa and Africare, which address HIV-AIDS and other issues. Fountain is also a Wharton Overseer. 20 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S HIS RESEARCH CHALLENGED CONVENTIONAL WISDOM IRWIN FRIEND, PROFESSOR LUCKED FROM THE U.S. Friend's 1962 book, A Study of Mutual P Department of Commerce, Funds, anticipated much of the later theory Professor Irwin Friend was an and empirical work of efficient markets. He intellectual powerhouse whose was the first to question the commonly held path-breaking research of view that mutual funds perform better than an emerging financial institutions unmanaged portfolio of individual stocks. brought new influence to The study also suggested that a conflict of in- Wharton's Finance Department — as well as terest existed between a mutual fund's share- industry-wide reforms. holders and the fund's investment advisor. As chief of Commerce's Business Struc- He wrote that increased sales "automatically Courtesy of the Gimbel family, circa 1950 ture Division from 1947 to 1953, Friend in- produce increases in the dollar amounts of troduced the concept of collecting data management fees … and … brokerage busi- on expectations of plant and equip- ness to distribute," with no benefit to in- ment expenditures. In the 1950s and vestors. The study, prepared for the Securities 1960s, as head of and Exchange Commis- Wharton's Securities Friend was the first to sion and the most com- Research Unit (SRU), question the commonly prehensive report in Friend examined the held view that mutual decades, became a pre- OTC market for cor- cursor to the rise in index funds perform better than porate equity, the funds — and won wide L savings and loan in- an unmanaged portfolio recognition that led to dustry, the mutual of individual stocks. industry reforms. uation from Wharton. By 1908 he was vice fund industry, and the president of the Philadelphia store, one of sev- investment banking eral developed from his grandfather's mid- industry, scholarship that was widely used by RETAIL INNOVATOR 1800s Indiana-based lace-and-pots store. Congressional committees, Federal and state His competitive streak immediately regulatory agencies, academic groups, and se- AND LEGENDARY became apparent when Gimbel expanded curities organizations. COMPETITOR into New York retail turf in 1910, where he His early 1950s study of the OTC mar- BERNARD F. GIMBEL, W'1907 launched a legendary battle with Macy's. ket developed the first comprehensive data on Despite initial opposition from his father and the structure of that market and provided the WHEN A CHAMPIONSHIP BOXER seven uncles, Gimbel's New York store first serious estimates of the number of partic- describes you as a tough competitor, you became a resounding success via ipants, volume of transactions, size, and vari- know it's true. the introduction of discount "base- ability of bid-ask spreads, and the relative In 1967, heavyweight champion boxer ment" sales and other retail initia- importance of the market in distributing new Gene Tunney wrote a Reader's Digest profile of tives. Gimbel soon bought upscale Saks, a issues of small firms. Bernard Gimbel, the retailing giant who move that provided a significant cushion served as his occasional sparring partner: when Gimbel's suffered during the Great L "Whether he was negotiating a multimillion- Depression. dollar deal, devouring a gargantuan platter of Purchasing and selling hard-to-find corned beef and cabbage, jogging five miles items during World War II, as well as devel- before breakfast, or betting on a horse race, he oping stores at suburban shopping malls, al- did it with a verve and gusto that was pure joy lowed the company to greatly expand. Annual to watch." sales increased during Gimbel's tenure as Tunney (pictured, right, with Gimbel) president (1927–1953) from $15 million to recalled that the fully-clothed Gimbel burst $600 million. Gimbel died in 1966. into the shower with him after Tunney's famous defeat of Jack Dempsey in Philadel- phia on September 23, 1926. Before the fight, Gimbel had conferred with him about boxing strategy, and his congratulations couldn't wait. Frank Ross, 1968 Born in 1885 into a retailing family, Gimbel went to work fulltime in the Gimbel's Philadelphia store in 1907 following his grad- WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 21 INVESTOR, what he calls "hobby investments" — that is, ENTREPRENEUR, deals that were too small to interest Sprout. In 1976, he came across a Brooklyn, NY, CANDLESTICK MAKER firm called Valley Candle Co. Goergen and ROBERT B. GOERGEN, WG'62 three friends put up a total of $50,000. He then raised $300,000 more from other '' AIZEN" IS A Japanese friends and family members. That enabled the K word that Bob Goergen likes to use to explain his approach to business. He came across the word — denoting ing about Japanese management practices. "gradual change" — when read- "I use it to differentiate between great leaps forward and thoughtful, gradual changes partners to persuade Chemical Bank to lend them $650,000 more. They bought Valley for $1 million. Within a year, Goergen heard that an- other candle company — Candle Corp. of America in Chicago — was for sale. This time, the price was $3.3 million. Goergen again called on his network. To get a large enough loan, he had to pledge his personal as- where your likelihood of success is much sets, too. Goergen decided to step up his in- CVS higher," he explains. volvement to protect his investment — in L Goergen, chairman and CEO of Blyth 1978, he quit his managing partner job and Inc., a Wharton Overseer, and the namesake became a full-time candle maker. treated people," Goldstein told a Knight-Rid- of Wharton's Goergen Entrepreneurial Man- der reporter when he retired. "We became a agement Program, has built a remarkable ca- preferred place to work." reer on this concept. Indeed, prudent risk-taking helped Goergen trans- CVS quickly grew to REINVENTING HEALTH dozen stores before the a chain ofCorp., Melville three form Blyth from a small candle AND BEAUTY RETAIL a specialty retailing chain run by Francis A. maker ($2.8 million in sales) into STANLEY GOLDSTEIN, W'55 Rooney Jr., W'43 (see p. 58), acquired it one of the nation's largest home-ac- for $12 million in 1969. Goldstein stayed on cessories companies ($1.6 billion in WHEN STANLEY GOLDSTEIN started a as president, and in 1987, became CEO 2006 sales). new business with his brother, Sidney, and a of Melville. Goergen had an entrepreneur's eye for friend, Ralph Hoagland, he picked a name He soon determined that Melville's ex- calculated risk from the start. As a rookie at the that he thought said it all, "Consumer Value pansion had become unwieldy. He sold off or advertising agency McCann-Erikson, he up- Stores" — CVS. The main idea of success in closed all but CVS, eventually shedding the dated Coca-Cola's marketing campaign by business, Goldstein thought, was to be aware Melville name as well. He moved the com- hiring the Supremes to sing the Coca-Cola at all times what consumers wanted and to pany back to his hometown of Woonsocket, theme — a replacement for the aging sound of give them value in the process. RI, and by the time he retired as CEO in the Limeliters. By the time he retired from the board of 1998, it had $15 billion in sales and more He followed with a stint as a manage- CVS in 2006, it was the largest drugstore than 100,000 employees. ment consultant at McKinsey & Co., and next chain in the U.S. with more than 4,000 out- After retirement, even while still on the at Donaldson Lufkin & Jenrette, with the lets. In 1963, though, the Goldstein brothers CVS board, Goldstein started a foundation Sprout Group. When Goergen became the didn't feel successful. Their health and beauty for education reform. A former Wharton managing partner at Sprout, he began to make products distribution firm was barely break- Overseer, he hopes to improve both public L ing even. Hoagland was a and private schools Procter & Gamble sales- The main idea of success in inner cities and man, and the three wanted in business, Goldstein other areas in need. something dynamic and thought, was to be aware new. They opened up their first CVS in Lowell, MA, at all times what con- a working-class Boston sumers wanted and to suburb, and were able to give them value in the capitalize in two ways. process. Hard workers were being laid off as manufacturing businesses were shutting down, and pricing controls on drug items were being eased. Goldstein decided to pay workers a little Courtesy of Robert Goergen bit more than his competitors and provide other amenities, like health insurance cover- age and much-anticipated holiday parties. "We just used common sense in the way we 22 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S THE FATHER OF CONJOINT ANALYSIS PAUL GREEN, PROFESSOR ARKETING professor Paul M Green is often called "the father of conjoint analysis," the powerful predictive sta- tistical technique and back- bone of market research. Conjoint analysis allows marketing managers to make accurate decisions about what products and services to sell — and helped make Green marketing's most cited author. Green, who retired in 2005, earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics from Penn, then spent 12 years working in indus- try, including stints at Sun Oil, Lukens Steel, and DuPont, while also complet- ing his PhD at Penn. Green's years in industry provided the real-world direction his research would ultimately become famous for. "Sometimes these two motivations — the theoretical and the pragmatic — will merge and lead to a high-impact result, that is, an idea that is both intellectually exciting and ap- pealing to the practitioner," he once observed. In 1962, Green left DuPont to work full- time in Wharton's Marketing Department. Two years later, Green came up with the idea and the name for conjoint analysis while read- Tommy Leonardi, 2005 ing a research article from a mathematical psy- chology journal that provided a new system to measure rank order data. "It occurred to me after reading the arti- cle that this could be applied to marketing as opposed to just a measurement," Green's years in industry what people would do in the 1962 Green said. "We provided the real-world future based on how they an- could give people direction that made his swered questions about likes Professor Irwin Friend bundles of things and dislikes. research famous. Today, Green's statistical led a milestone study that they might want and measure modeling technique has been of mutual funds for how they react." applied to an enormous list of The idea that his products and companies, the Securities and models could be from those selling bar soaps useful beyond finding out what characteristics and gasoline to those selling luxury automo- Exchange Commission. already appealed to people was a revelation. biles and pharmaceuticals. Green began to wonder if he could predict In 1996, Green won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Marketing Association, while last year, he won the INFORMS Impact Prize for lifetime achievement and was named the first recipient of the MIT Sloan School of Management Buck Weaver award. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 23 The Calvert Corp. HE CHANGED THE FACE OF PITNEY BOWES GEORGE B. HARVEY, W'54 WHEN PITNEY BOWES hit some rough spots during the recession of 1981–1982, Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chairman George Harvey had a revelation. The Calvert Group "Women were putting in more time than the men — and more consistently beating their sales quotas," he told BusinessWeek. His view L of the company's workforce would never be the same. they joined two partners to turn to the direct "This realization helped set off an effort PIONEERS OF investing through Calvert Social Venture to boost top female ranks," BusinessWeek SOCIAL INVESTING Partners. The small venture fund has made in- observed. "If I'm going to get the best talent, JOHN G. GUFFEY, W'70 AND vestments ranging from an educational video I've got to look at the entire population," D. WAYNE SILBY, W'70 producer for inner-city youth, a biomedical remarked Harvey. He joined Pitney Bowes, producer of a needle-free insulin delivery sys- in 1957 and rose to the top leadership posi- AYNE SILBY and John tem, and a pharmaceutical company that de- tions in 1981. The company is now one of the W Guffey didn't invent so- velops drugs from tropical plants, tapping the world's largest providers of mailing, office, cial investing, but the knowledge of traditional medicine and com- and logistics systems, as well as management two founders of the pensating indigenous tribes in the process. and financial services. Calvert Group turned Funding their initial scheme was prob- He aggressively recruited women and the concept mainstream. lematic. Guffey told The Washington Post in graduates from historically black universities, In the 1960s and 1989 that he thought social investing "is still demanding women "get 35 percent of all 1970s, opposition to the not mainstream enough to convince large new management jobs and promotions" and Vietnam War, nuclear power, and other mutual funds to promote them." signing to the board several women and causes spread interest in social investment A lot has changed. According to the So- minorities. practices. Wharton classmates Silby and cial Investment Forum, total investments In addition to transforming Pitney Guffey set out to identify similar using at least one social investment strategy Bowes's recruiting, Harvey was transforming companies in which maximizing have grown from $40 billion in the company's shareholder value and optimizing 1984 to more than $2.29 trillion "If I'm going to get business itself. Just social concern were concurrent in in assets, according to the 2005 the best talent, I've got two years after their missions and operations. report by the Social Investment to look at the entire Harvey started as In 1976, after Silby received his law de- Forum (SIF). Social investments CEO in 1983, the gree from Georgetown University, the two now account for about 13 per- population," remarked company's rev- founded the Calvert Group on those princi- cent of all money under profes- Harvey. enues exceeded $2 ples. In 1982, the Calvert Group introduced sional management in the U.S., billion, a 50 per- the first money market with a social screen according to the SIF report. cent increase from and the Calvert Social Investment Fund — 1979. Bolstering the first mutual fund explicitly excluding sales were the introduction of new copiers, South African investments. facsimile machines, and scales with micropro- L In the ensuing years, the company has cessors. By 1988, the company began to pro- continued to innovate, introducing the first vide on-site staffing and mail-document socially screened bond fund (1987) and the management expertise. As the 1990s ensued, first social global fund (1992). In 1990 the company revenue rose to more than $3 billion shareholders of the Calvert Social Investment with Pitney Bowes introducing advanced Fund voted to place one percent of the assets technology in mailing and for small busi- of the mutual fund in below-market invest- nesses, as well as corporate products. ments in local nonprofit financial intermedi- Since retiring in 1996, Harvey, a former aries to support micro-credit, low-income Wharton Overseer, has served as a trustee or housing, small business and other community director for numerous corporations and chari- development initiatives. ties, including Merrill Lynch, Pfizer, McGraw While Silby and Guffey sold the Calvert Hill Inc., and United Way of America. Group to Acacia Mutual Life Insurance Co. Pitney Bowes Inc. in 1984, they remain members of the board of the Calvert Social Investment Fund. In 1989, 24 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S THE MAVERICK WHO PUT THE 'RETAIL' IN RETAIL BANKING VERNON W. HILL II, W'67 NSIGHT AND innovation often L I come from juxtaposition of two seemingly dissimilar fields. Ask Commerce Bank President/CEO Vernon Hill. Also a successful owner of a string of Burger Kings, Hill de- cided that banking could be just like selling hamburgers, and that bankers Brendan McDermid, 2006 L seemed to be worried more about counting THE FATHER Heubner Foundation bills and coins than serving customers. For his insights, two Fast Company writers called him OF INSURANCE one of the "most original minds in business" EDUCATION in their 2006 book, Mavericks at Work: SOLOMON S. HUEBNER, GRW'13, Beyond Business as Usual. PROFESSOR Bankers used to keeping bankers' hours initially dismissed SOLOMON HUEBNER'S designation as varying all the way between a messiah and a Hill, but by the 1990s, lots of the "father of insurance education" is undis- charlatan, and of course he was neither." them were running to emulate puted. He taught the first course ever given in Industry giant John Hancock instead called Hill's consumer-friendly approach insurance, established the insurance depart- him a hero. to banking. From his Cherry Hill, NJ, ment — and became the architect of the mod- Huebner revolutionized the industry base, Hill slowly spread Commerce Bank in ern financial services industry. with qualifying exams and required accredita- the Philadelphia area before breaking into the Although his Wharton doctoral thesis tions for national industry standards, almost New York, Washington, and Florida markets. concerned foreign-trade aspects of marine single-handedly instituting scruples that His approach was simple, he said: Figure insurance, Huebner invited life insurance helped to propel sales to almost incomprehen- out what people wanted in a bank. So Hill managers to lecture to his early Whar- sible levels. He founded the American College emphasized having more tellers and customer ton students. He quickly realized the of Life Underwriters in 1927 and the Ameri- service employees and kept his stores — he urgent need for uni- can Institute for preferred that name to "branches" — open formity, fairness, and hon- Huebner taught the first Chartered Prop- into the evening, all day Saturday, and at least esty in the industry. erty Casualty a few hours on Sundays. course ever given in insur- Huebner wrote pio- ance, established the Underwriters in When lines formed, managers would neering texts on various 1942. Huebner hop up and open another window. Hill took types of insurance, includ- insurance department — died in 1964. away the glass from those teller stations, be- ing life, property and ma- and became the architect lieving it to be an intimidation to customers. rine — always stressing of the modern financial There was always a cache of pens for cus- honesty, professionalism, services industry. tomers to use and take away. Kids got and the quest for expert lollipops and dogs coming through the drive- knowledge. He established in windows got biscuits. Free coin-counting an insurance department at Wharton by 1913 machines were de rigueur at Commerce where he taught until retiring in 1953. branches. Commerce charged no fees at its au- Huebner often traveled the country to tomatic teller machines and often reimbursed insurance meetings, fiercely advocating for in- customers for other banks' ATM charges. dustry change. He once told an audience of When charges of political influence threat- salesmen and executives that "life insurance ened its image, Hill discontinued Com- salesmanship must be given the status of a merce's political action committees and got profession — a high calling," comparing the out of the government bond business. profession to law, medicine, and the ministry. Hill's motto for Commerce was "Amer- He earned top-teaching awards during his ica's most convenient bank" and by 2006, tenure by animatedly exhorting students to be it had grown to 375 stores, with the intention "noble" about their mission. One teaching of having more than 1,000 within the colleague exclaimed, "You will find appraisals next decade. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 25 WHARTON first 1970 The first MBA program in Health Care Management was introduced at Wharton. FROM BOOTSTRAPPER TO PHILANTHROPIST JON M. HUNTSMAN SR., W'59, HON'96 HE STORY OF JON T Meade Huntsman is the stuff of which the Ameri- can Dream is made: threadbare upbringing in Blackfoot, ID, to Whar- ton graduate, to patriarch of what was the nation's largest family-owned Courtesy of Huntsman family and -operated business. At the apex of that often-bumpy journey, he found himself one of America's wealthiest people and among the nation's top 25 all-time philanthropists. Huntsman is also a wealthy man in terms of family. He and his wife Karen have nine children (including five Penn graduates, one of whom is Jon Jr., C'87, the governor of Utah) and 55 grandchildren. Huntsman grew up in Idaho, the son of Lawyers, business associates, and friends Huntsman's company, Huntsman a schoolteacher. He attended Wharton on urged Huntsman to cut his losses by declaring Corp., a Utah-based chemical conglomerate, scholarship and hatched his fortune out of bankruptcy, but Huntsman refused. He ar- had 2005 revenues of $13 billion. Huntsman eggs — or rather egg containers. He dreamed ranged emergency financing, and his long- is also widely known for his philanthropy: He up polystyrene containers for eggs after work- private company went public in 2005. has given more than $200 million to establish ing for his uncle, who sold his eggs in old- Asked by Forbes magazine about his first the Huntsman Cancer fashioned, less protective big break, Huntsman recalled the following: Institute and Hospital at Thirty-five years and cardboard. Eventually, "It came during a very difficult period — the the University of Utah. many mergers later, Huntsman started his Arab oil embargo of 1973–74.… Breaks often Anyone with a link Huntsman Corp. is one own container company, come from a difficult period, from being to Wharton knows of the world's biggest which, among other forced to deal with things that come up. I've Huntsman's name. He things, created signature always viewed hurdles and challenges as op- chemical makers. "clamshell" boxes for Mc- portunities to move ahead." is, after all, the largest benefactor in Wharton's Donalds' Big Macs. In Huntsman, Chair of Wharton's Board of long history and a leader 1976, Huntsman sold the Overseers, former Chair of the Campaign for in the Campaign for Sus- firm and then re-pur- Sustained Leadership, and Vice Chair of the tained Leadership, which chased part of it back. University's Board of Trustees, chronicled his in 2003 became the most successful campaign Thirty-five years and many mergers later, own story in Winners Never Cheat: Everyday ever at any business school. His gifts estab- Huntsman Corp. is one of the world's biggest Values We Learned as Children (But May Have lished the Huntsman Program in Interna- chemical makers. Forgotten), published by Wharton School tional Studies & Business, a dual-degree Huntsman has also known hard times, Publishing in 2005. program for undergraduates, and he has been having survived prostate and mouth cancer. honored as the namesake of the School's And his company nearly went bankrupt in newest state-of-the-art building. 2001 when its cyclical industry slumped. 26 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S TRANSPORTATION WHARTON'S LEADERS The Wharton School has STUDIES PIONEER influenced the practice of business through the leaders it EMORY RICHARD JOHNSON, PROFESSOR has educated. In turn, the School has been shaped by the founder, deans, and directors at its helm. EMORY JOHNSON was Wharton's first spe- cialized business professor who not only pio- JOSEPH WHARTON, FOUNDER Alfred H. Williams 1939–1941 neered U.S. transportation studies but practiced Philadelphia industrialist and philan- A protégé of Willits, Williams later became in the field. His work thropist Joseph Wharton invented president of the Philadelphia Federal built the foundation business education when he established Reserve Bank. for the consolidation the School in 1881. Born in 1826 to a of U.S. railways, and it Quaker family, Wharton made his fortune C. Canby Balderston 1942–1954 was Johnson who set through entrepreneurial ventures in the Balderston spearheaded a fund-raising cam- the tolls for the brand- production of lead, zinc, and nickel. After paign to make possible the construction of new Panama Canal. the Civil War he became the largest share- the first building for the Wharton School, While previous holder of Bethlehem Iron Company, Dietrich Hall. professors had taught a which was renamed Bethlehem Steel University Archives general management Company. C. Arthur Kulp 1955–1957 curriculum, Johnson An early proponent of Frederick Kulp was the first Wharton dean to be focused on commerce Taylor's principles of scientific manage- named with the participation of faculty. and transportation ment with a keen interest in the natural beginning in 1894. sciences, Wharton wrote and published Willis J. Winn 1958–1971 As Wharton developed its first four-year curricu- papers on astronomy and metallurgy Winn led curricular reform and upgraded lum, Johnson was determined to cre- throughout his life. He died in 1909. Wharton's academic programs, the PhD ate those business specialties — the first ever offered on the university and entrepreneurial programs in particular. level, and a hallmark of Wharton's DIRECTORS curriculum today. Edmund J. James 1883–1896 Donald C. Carroll 1972–1983 Responsible for instruction in geography, Wharton's first Director designed a practi- Carroll enhanced the School's depth and commerce, and transportation, Johnson in 1903 cal curriculum that encouraged profes- strength with interdisciplinary programs began to author texts on transportation, includ- sional specialization along with instruction and inter-school degrees, including the ing the landmark American Railway System, the in the social sciences. undergraduate degree in Management & first such volumes in the field, as his Technology. doctoral students focused on geography Simon N. Patten 1896–1912 and commerce. Some of his students be- Influenced by the Progressive Movement, Russell E. Palmer 1983–1990 came well-known scholars in their chosen fields, Patten introduced concepts of "practical Palmer successfully strengthened and including future insurance giant Solomon philanthropy" into Wharton's curriculum. broadened the faculty, increased the quality Huebner (see p. 25). of applications, oversaw the building of the An early member of the U.S. Isthmian DEANS Steinberg Conference Center, and furthered Canal Commission charged with building a Roswell C. McCrea 1912–1916 the international and cross-disciplinary canal to shorten shipping routes from East to Under his leadership, the Wharton faculty curriculum. West, Johnson was renowned for his transporta- strengthened ties with Philadelphia's gov- tion expertise. In 1911 he was called to the ernment administrators. Thomas P. Gerrity 1990–1999 Panama Canal to develop tolls. These fees were Gerrity oversaw the reengineering of the to be paid by ships to use the Canal, according to William C. McClellan 1916–1919 School's MBA and undergraduate programs Johnson's scale, taking into account cargo vol- McClellan worked closely with University to reflect the technology-oriented world. He ume and ship measurements. trustees to raise the stature of the School spearheaded the fundraising effort for Jon In 1913 he became Pennsylvania's state reg- within the University. M. Huntsman Hall, the world's premier ulator of railroads. He next served as primary business school academic facility. architect of national transportation policy as a Emory R. Johnson 1919–1933 member of the Executive Committee of the Johnson brought depth to Wharton's Patrick T. Harker, 2000-2007 Chamber of Commerce's National Transporta- programs by requiring professional spe- Harker strengthened the School's focus tion Conference. He helped develop a cohesive cialization among faculty and students. on innovation, integrity, and engagement regulatory vehicle for the transportation industry (More, left) with the business community. He led the that became the far-reaching Transportation Act creation of Wharton West in San Francisco, of 1920, which directed the Interstate Com- Joseph H. Willits 1933–1939 forged an alliance with INSEAD, and led merce Commission to consolidate U.S. railway Willits emphasized the importance of the Campaign for Sustained Leadership, properties. Johnson died in 1950. economic research and its application to the most successful business school cam- the affairs of business. (More on p. 72) paign ever. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 27 THE BUSINESS LEADER AS STATESMAN REGINALD H. JONES, W'39, HON'80 HEN MANY OF HIS W contemporaries in the business world viewed government as an adver- sary, Reginald Jones, CEO of diversified U.S. conglomerate General Electric (GE) through- out the 1970s, preached cooperation. His success at GE and in the public forum has made his management style a standard in the late 20th century. Jones joined GE when he graduated from Wharton, and didn't leave until he re- tired as chairman and CEO in 1981. Along the way, he learned every aspect of the busi- ness — first as a traveling auditor, then as a University Archives manager in consumer, utility, industrial, con- struction, and distribution fields. His ground- level knowledge served him well as chief 1971 executive, allowing him to delegate effectively so that he could manage the larger picture, in- Simon Kuznets, for- cluding international expansion. ident's Export Council. There he served as an In Jones's nine years as CEO, GE's sales eloquent voice for the expansion of world mer Wharton profes- more than doubled and its net income tripled, trade and the restoration of U.S. competitive- despite the difficult business environment. ness. As chairman of the Business Council sor, won the Nobel Jones took over as chief executive in 1972, and co-chairman of the Business Roundtable, Prize in Economics and the political climate — Watergate, he led the movement to develop a construc- Vietnam, racial tensions, sexual freedoms — tive business-government dialogue. for a method to mea- inevitably spilled over into the business world, By 1979, he had convinced his fellow which was in a slump. GE itself was in some executives his cooperation strategy was best, sure the Gross businesses under attack, including nuclear and a survey of 1,439 American leaders by energy. U.S. News & World Report called him the National Product Jones worked to find common ground. country's most influential businessman. which he developed He traveled often to Washington, met di- Even those with whom he clashed rectly with Congress, praised Jones on his while at Wharton. and provided counsel A survey of 1,439 preparation and style. on economic policy to American leaders "I think he is one of Presidents Nixon, Ford, the wisest, most intel- by U.S. News & World and Carter. ligent, most informed Jones retained his Report called Jones the people on public pol- role with GE and served country's most influen- icy issues that I have as chairman of the Pres- tial businessman. ever met," Stuart Eisenstat, President Carter's domestic af- fairs chief told the New York Times. Jones, a former chair of Wharton's Over- seers and a Penn Trustee, was awarded an honorary doctorate from Penn in 1980. He is recognized at Wharton through the Reginald H. Jones Professorship of Corporate Manage- ment and the Reginald H. Jones and Grace Cole Jones Decade Donors. He died in 2003. 28 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S HE MADE TIMES THE WORLD'S MASTER SQUARE SPECTACULAR ECONOMETRICIAN JEFFREY S. KATZ, WG'71 LAWRENCE R. KLEIN, PROFESSOR " TIMES SQUARE, so recently New York's HORTLY after winning the model to counter this thinking. The pent-up shame, is today its symbolic heart," the New oper Jeffrey Katz deserves some of the credit. his career. As CEO and principal partner of Sherwood Equities, he bought some property in Greenwich Village when it was hot in the late 1970s. By the time his apartments went to market, the New York real estate was at the S York Post wrote in 2004. And real-estate devel- Katz learned an important lesson early in 1980 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, Lawrence Klein commented to Wharton Alumni Magazine that once researchers win a Nobel, they were consid- ered "experts on everything. People ask them questions on every subject whether they know anything about it or not." demand for consumer goods, he correctly ar- gued, combined with the purchasing power of returning soldiers, would ward off a depres- sion. Later he predicted correctly again that the end of the Korean War would bring only a mild recession. Klein moved to the University of Michi- gan, where he built the bigger and more com- plicated Klein-Goldberger model with trough of a 1981–82 recession. He would not Klein was too careful to say anything but then-graduate student Arthur Goldberger, make the same timing mistake again. "I don't know" unless he knew the answer for then to Oxford University, where he created a In his next project he invested in the sure. But as the world's master econometri- model of the British economy. East Side of Manhattan just when property cian, he knew his specialty better than anyone. Klein returned to the U.S. to join Penn's there started to skyrocket. He targeted the Honored for his work in developing Department of Economics in 1958, joining area around the new Javits Convention macro-econometric models for na- Wharton a decade later, where he built the Center when others thought the West Side, tional, regional, and world economies, now-famous "Wharton model" of the U.S. Hudson River location was too far away from Klein's research has become the standard for economy — a model with more than a thou- too much. economists worldwide. His Nobel cita- sand simultaneous equations. Most influentially, he invested in Times tion states that "few, if any, re- Later in his career, in 1976, Klein served Square — when it was at its seediest. Offices search workers in the empirical as coordinator of President Jimmy Carter's were leaving and the "Guys and Dolls" feeling field of economic science have had economic task force before the U.S. presiden- of the area was fading. Katz felt the Pompidou so many successors and such a tial election, later declining an invitation to Centre in Paris could be the model — create large impact as Lawrence Klein." join Carter's administration. unique architecture and the area will prosper Klein began model building while still a While Klein retired from full-time teach- around you. graduate student. After getting his PhD from ing at Wharton in 1991, he has occasionally To do so, he remade One Times Square. MIT in 1944, he moved on to the Cowles taught classes at the Osaka International It was a fitting move. The wedge-shaped tower Commission for Research in Economics, then University, Ritsumeikan University, and Re- built by the New York Times in 1904 gave the at the University of Chicago. While there he itaku University in Japan. Another ambitious square its name and rivets the world's atten- built a model of the U.S. economy with effort, Project LINK, incorporated data tion when the ball drops each New Year's Eve. the goal of forecasting economic conditions from a multitude of industrialized, centrally When Sherwood Equi- and estimating the impact planned, developing countries to forecast ties bought an interest in While Sherwood was of changes in government trade and capital movements and to test the the building in 1996, it remaking one icon, spending, taxes, and other effects of proposed changes in political and was hopelessly outdated. they were building policies. economic policies. Instead of refurbishing, another — Two Times In 1946 the conventional L the partners marketed Square. wisdom was that the end of it as a tenantless sign World War II would sink the tower at the crossroads economy into a depression for of the square, wrapping a few years. Klein used his it in the signature electronic and vinyl bill- boards known as "spectaculars." Katz formed Sherwood Outdoor to manage the signs. L And even before Sherwood was remaking one icon, they were building another — Two Times Square, with seven spectacular signs of its own, a Renaissance Hotel, and 40,000 square feet of retail space. Katz's privately held Sherwood Equities, Inc. now owns and manages more than $3 billion in properties, with kudos and Courtesy of Jeffrey Katz awards for both innovative designs and the foresight to redevelop areas that others had University Archives written off. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 29 Tommy Leonardi, 2003 employed 400,000 people. Now it was down to about 160,000. Into that breech strode Kleisterlee, with a long history of the Philips culture and a L knack for moving people forward. He had started at Philips straight from college in 1974, and as chairman took the company Paul Vreeker, Reuters, 2006 back to its heritage. L Where some large European technologi- cally oriented manufacturers, like Thomson, THE GURU OF Grundig, and Telefunken, withered before RISK MANAGEMENT the Asian crush, Philips, under Kleisterlee's slow-growth approach, prospered. It went PAUL KLEINDORFER, PROFESSOR into fast-growing businesses like medical products, and continued its lighting and ISK management arrived in alized every company needs to be concerned small-appliance divisions. R force in the chemical indus- try in 1984 with a poi- sonous gas leak at a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India — an accident that killed more than 3,000 peo- ple and injured thousands of others in nearby villages. "People realized then it could sink a com- about this issue. Terrorist attacks also ex- panded thinking on potential risks, Kleindor- fer points out, acknowledging that while he has written several books about the postal ser- vice, not one of them spotted the potential for a few letters containing deadly anthrax spores to bring the entire system to its knees. Most recently, Kleindorfer's research of- fered new insights into managing the risk of In 2006 he realized that Philips semi- conductor business (which he once called "the heart of the company") didn't fit his vision for the company. So he sold it off for $10 billion and used the proceeds for a stock buyback. He reorganized the unwieldy conglomerate into four easy-to-understand units — medical, lighting, consumer electronics, and domestic appliances. Philips was back on track, and in- pany," said Wharton's Paul Kleindorfer, An- supply chain disruption, an issue he argued vestors cheered. heuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of should be a high priority for senior managers Working hard and going back to basics is Management Science at Wharton and profes- and shareholders since global supply chains Kleisterlee's message in how to survive while sor emeritus of Operations and Information are in a state of constant evolution. other old-line firms died. As he once told the Management. London Sunday Telegraph, he doesn't model "A major company, Union Carbide, himself after outrageous business heroes, only with 111,000 employees, disappeared from A PLAINSPOKEN calm, spiritual ones. "Ghandi, the Dalai Lama the planet because of Bhopal," said Kleindorfer, the author or co-author of LEADER FOR PHILIPS — people who take a position and show lead- GERARD KLEISTERLEE, AMP'91 ership and do difficult things. They really 15 books and more than 100 research lead, but they're also humble." papers. "This was a gripping, chastening expe- rience. These incidents gave rise to the whole IN AN ERA of risk-takers, Gerard Kleister- risk management paradigm and particularly lee's way to success was being steadfast and the crisis management side of it." forthright, clinging to the principles that have As the co-director of the Whar- made Royal Philips Electronics a market ton Center for Risk Management leader over the long run. But in 2006, he and Decision Processes from made headlines for selling off his company's 1992–2005, Kleindorfer has led this second-most profitable arm to institute a burgeoning field and worked to stock buyback. For this bold move back to ba- give companies the tools to protect sics, Fortune named themselves. In particular, Kleindorfer has him Europe Business- He reorganized the unwieldy focused on the chemical and process indus- man of the Year. conglomerate into four easy- tries and on the catastrophic risks associated When Kleisterlee to-understand units — medical, with natural hazards, terrorism, and major ac- became CEO of Philips in 2001, the company lighting, consumer electronics, cidents — work that has taken him around the world to consult with dozens of compa- had receded in influ- and domestic appliances. nies and government agencies. ence. It had made its Philips was back on track, And while risk management was well reputation in the early and investors cheered. recognized in safety-intensive and environ- 20th century as a maker mentally sensitive industries, it wasn't until of quality light bulbs, but had branched out the terrorist attacks on 9/11 that managers re- into other electronics — semi-conductors, ra- dios, televisions, cassette recorders. Despite Philips innovations like the co- development of the CD player, Asian firms had caught up and even passed it. It had once 30 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S FORWARD-THINKER become executive vice president, president, and then CEO of Fuji Xerox, rising to chair- 1971 FOR A JAPANESE/ man of the board in March 1999. Wharton's impact on AMERICAN VENTURE Under Kobayashi, the company has be- marketing expanded YOTARO KOBAYASHI, WG'58 come responsible for the innovation and manufacture of many Xerox products. Its in- S CHAIRMAN OF THE novations include the world's first multifunc- with the introduction A Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., tion printer/copier in 1987. of conjoint analysis. Yotaro Kobayashi is a busi- A key to his company's success has been ness visionary. And his his belief that trade-offs between features and This innovative company, a joint venture cost should not be made too early. He told between Fuji Photo Film Wharton, "You just cannot make hasty deci- approach to under- Co., Ltd. and America's sions about what it is not possible to do. standing consumer Xerox Corp., a global entity There are so many things that can be done, based in Japan with $9.5 billion in revenue and many managers give up too early." preferences became and 36,000 employees in 2004, has prospered under his direction. one of the most exten- Originally a distributor of Xerox prod- SELECTIVE sively used marketing ucts in Asia, Fuji Xerox began to develop its own products by 1973. "We wanted to ENTREPRENEUR, tools worldwide. be able to respond to the pressure VENTURE CAPITALIST of the market with our own product JOSH KOPELMAN, W'93 development, and Xerox went along with it," he once said in an interview with STARTING HALF.COM, Infonautics, and Wharton Alumni Magazine. But, he joked, an anti-spam company called Turntide has "For the first 10 or 15 years, people looked at led serial entrepreneur Josh Kopelman to re- to be selective risk-takers, not rash gun- our work as if we were moonshining." think tenets of business orthodoxy. Foremost slingers, he says. They have to look for Although guiding Fuji Xerox to the apex among them is the notion that entrepreneurs chances to reduce risk, where they can. But of imaging technologies, Kobayashi has been a have to find radically new niches. "If I see a when big enough opportunities pop up, they keen observer of social dynamics as they relate white space in the market, my belief is that shouldn't fear taking a calculated plunge. to economic and corporate development. A you have to wonder why it's there. Have there When he started Half.com, which member of Wharton's Executive Board for been 20 other people who've tried to solve it Kopelman sold to eBay in 2000, Amazon al- Asia and a former Penn trustee, he has been and weren't able to? ready had shown that folks would buy books outspoken regarding the need for balancing "I don't like to solve new needs. I like to and CDs online. And Kopelman knew that individualism and competition with company solve urgent and pervasive needs but do it in a many of his friends and family members had loyalty and even the volatile historic politics different way." shelves groaning with old books and CDs between Japan and China. Kopelman, who now runs a venture- that they would be happy to unload. But no Kobayashi joined Fuji Photo just after capital firm in West Conshohocken, PA, site had emerged to dominate sales of used graduating Wharton, and by 1978 he had called First Round materials. (Unlike larger, more Capital, believes "I don't like to solve expensive items, these didn't that many aspiring new needs. I like to seem sensible candidates for on- entrepreneurs mis- solve urgent and per- line auctions.) L understand the vasive needs but do He explains, "When you're role of risk-taking looking to solve an urgent and in startups. En- it in a different way." pervasive need, there are trepreneurs have advantages to understanding L Main Street's needs, not just the needs of Silicon Valley." At Wharton, Kopelman serves on the board for Wharton Entrepreneurial Programs. Courtesy of Josh Kopelman, 2006 Fuji Xerox WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 31 A LEADER FOR THE PUBLIC GOOD ANN MCLAUGHLIN KOROLOGOS, WG'88 here are not many reasons to T abandon the Wharton Execu- Wharton Publications tive MBA program mid-term. But when the President of the United States asks you to become the l9th Secretary of Labor, you have little choice. That is how it happened L in l987 for Ann McLaughlin Born in 1901, Kuznets migrated to New Korologos, when President Ronald Reagan York City in 1922. While studying for his chose her to become only the second woman doctorate at Columbia University, Kuznets in that slot. Amazingly, the first woman also worked with the great institutional economist had a Wharton connection, Frances Perkins Wesley Clair Mitchell, who administered (see p. 50). Kuznets' dissertation and invited him to join Korologos blazed her own path with the National Bureau of Economic Research. major programs to educate young workers Kuznets' research on 15 to 20 business cycles Aspen Institute and to involve women, minorities, and older was later called the "Kuznets Cycle." L workers in the workforce. She helped cre- Kuznets joined Wharton's faculty in ate the Labor Department's $2.2 1931, where he began to develop national billion tax credit child care initiative income estimates of the U.S. "In a field where and collaborated with the Secre- theory was and is the be-all and end-all of taries of Education and Commerce INVENTOR OF intellectual accomplishment, Kuznets taught through a program calling for better that the touchstone of achievement is insight education in high-technology work GROSS NATIONAL into empirical reality," wrote economist amid global competition. Reagan hon- PRODUCT MEASURE Richard A. Easterlin, GrW'53, in a 1997 ored Korologos, who had previously served in SIMON KUZNETS, HON'56, HON'76, issue of American Economist. the U.S. Treasury and Interior departments, PROFESSOR Kuznets' book National Income and Its with a President's Citizen Medal for Public Composition, 1919–1938, published in 1941, Service. DURING WORLD WAR II many academics is one of the most historically significant Today she is chair of the influential works on Gross National Product. His under- put their ideas on hold for national interests. think-tank, the RAND Corp., a member of standing of national economies became virtu- For economist Simon Kuznets the war effort the Dana Foundation board, chairwoman ally unsurpassed as his new economic was an opportunity to put his ideas — and emeritus of the Aspen Institute (where she still concepts were explored, debated, and imple- ideals — into practice. As associate director of serves as a Board Member), and a member of mented. In fact, he later tried to show the U.S. the Bureau of Planning and Statistics at the Wharton's Board of Overseers. Commerce Department that the GDP isn't War Production Board, Kuznets devel- She has been known as a firm but fair always an authentic measure of a society's oped a massive "input-output" survey leader whose style includes the ability to see well-being, sometimes upsetting opponents that reshaped munitions production by problems clearly without politicizing them. As to his views and theories. predicting demand. The adoption of his mea- chair of the nonprofit Aspen Institute's board, sure of Gross National Product further trans- Kuznets died in 1985. she deftly managed the dismissal of an under- formed the war economy. performing CEO with no fall-out to the orga- A Nobel Prize laureate "In a field where theory nization. On the Microsoft board, she served (1971) for his novel — and some- was and is the be-all and on the software firm's three-person committee times controversial — economic end-all of intellectual ac- charged with complying with an antitrust set- empirical research regarding na- complishment, Kuznets tlement. As presiding director of the Fannie tional economic growth, Simon taught that the touchstone Mae board, she helped manage an investiga- Kuznets' early Jewish education tion by federal regulators and return the mort- in Czarist Russia and exposure to of achievement is insight gage lender to viability. social and economic movements into empirical reality." "During difficult times you need to look ranging from Marxian-socialism for the common interests and you need to to free enterprise prompted trust the process," she has said. "That seems to meticulous studies of social and technological work for me." ramifications on economies. Through his work on business cycles and disequilibrium as- pects of growth, he is credited with helping launch development economics. 32 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S A LEADER IN BEAUTY AND GLOBAL EDUCATION LEONARD A. LAUDER, W'54 N AN AGE OF BUSINESS I arrogance and self-promotion, Leonard Lauder transformed a small, homey cosmetics company into a multibillion-dollar giant by deference and collegiality. Lauder realized that his mother, Estée Lauder, was the face of a business that was almost entirely about image. Though he took over Estée Lauder in 1972, when its sales were in the tens of millions of dollars, and turned it into that billion-plus cosmetics behemoth, he always introduced his mother as his inspiration, the one who made the company significant. His great skill was to attend to details and know exactly whom his market was. He wanted the mid-to-high- end customers, so he stayed in department stores while his competitors developed exten- sive drug-store distribution. When those de- partment stores proliferated in the suburban mall boom of the 1970s and 1980s, Estée Lauder's target customers also proliferated. Estee Lauder Company, circa 1975 WHARTON first 1973 With the creation of the Wharton Entre- preneurial Center, Wharton was the first Lauder also believed in finding out who In 2006, Leonard Lauder (a former Penn his employees were. He would travel exten- Trustee) and his brother Ronald S. Lauder, business school to sively around the country, visiting Estée W'65, the renowned diplomat, executive, and Lauder kiosks, introducing himself to sales art collector, were recognized as Dean's Medal offer a fully integrated clerks and stock people. He tested each of recipients during commencement. The broth- program in entre- the company's fragrances and was said to ers, who founded the Joseph H. Lauder Insti- have the best nose in the business. He would tute of Management and International preneurial studies. have yearly retreats for middle managers, Studies at Penn in honor of their father, were "Estée Lauder University," and, those employ- honored for their commitment to global busi- ees said, he would actually listen to their ness and their belief that a serious interdisci- suggestions. plinary academic curriculum — combining Asked by the New York Times in 1987 if business fundamentals with language profi- the approach was not a little paternalistic, he ciency, and international cultural, social, polit- said, "I think that the concept of accusing ical and economic expertise — are vital to the someone of running a paternalistic company, growth of business worldwide. This year that's not an accusation. One should compli- marks the 20th anniversary of Lauder's first ment someone on that." graduating class. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 33 A HEALER FOR THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM RISA LAVIZZO-MOUREY, WG'86 HERE'S NO DOUBT that aspects of the U.S. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2005 T health care system are ailing. Millions of working people are uninsured, access to services varies widely, and Medicare is predicted to reach a crisis in coming years. Perhaps no one is better suited to help heal the system than Dr. Risa Lavizzo-Mourey. As the presi- dent/CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation since 2003, Lav- izzo-Mourey has applied both business and public-health principles to set specific objectives for strategic investment and redesigning systems to do so efficiently. From a career as a practicing physician and work in academic medicine, she moved into the public sphere as an expert in health care policy, held positions in government, and played a key role in philan- thropy. After earning her medical degree from Harvard, Lavizzo- Mourey went on to earn her MBA at Wharton. At Penn's School of Medicine, she served as a Robert Wood Clinical Scholar, where she specialized in geriatric medicine. While at Penn she became the Direc- tor of the Institute of Aging and the Sylvan Eisman Professor of Medicine and Health Care Systems. While the foundation's $9.6 billion in assets make it the nation's largest health care philanthropy, its resources are dwarfed by the scope of the need. Under Lavizzo-Mourey's leadership, the foundation refo- cused its priorities and restructured its grant-making activities into four strategic-investment portfolios. Says Lavizzo-Mourey, "When we take all of those societal or sys- temwide opportunities for changing the population's health and com- bine them with what individuals can do with one single patient, we really have the opportu- Lavizzo-Mourey has applied both nity to transform society in major ways." The problems Lavizzo-Mourey aims to business and public-health principles solve are indeed big — bigger than any single to set specific objectives for strategic leader or even any foundation — but she is investment and redesigning systems able to see both broad issues and the individu- to do so efficiently. als affected. Always a doctor as well as an exec- utive, she still treats patients at a community health clinic in New Brunswick, NJ. She says of herself: "What continues to energize me is the oppor- 1975 tunity to address big problems in the area of health and health care, to The MBA Program for make a difference on a large scale, and to touch people directly and change their lives." Executives began. The program's every-other weekend format allows executives to pursue a full Wharton MBA while working full-time. 34 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S TOOK A KOREAN Saint-Gobain HanGlas, 2006 BUSINESS GLOBAL SEHOON LEE, WG'75 OING THE RIGHT thing D for a company isn't always easy. That's something Dr. Sehoon Lee knows well. L As CEO of HanGlas Group, he restructured the Steve Gladfelter, 1999 Korean glass-making firm to allow his nationally dominant company to compete in the burgeoning Northeast Asian Lee, co-chairman of HanGlas since market. He calls the episode "the most painful 2000, has long served Wharton as a charter of his career," but the move proved to be a member of the Wharton Executive Board for wise one. While many companies faltered in Asia and as a member of Wharton's Board of L the Asian financial crisis of 1997, Lee's com- Overseers. In 1994 he received the Wharton Alumni Award for Distinguished Service. The Supreme Court Building is a long pany emerged from the storm even stronger He has also been honored by the French gov- way from South Dakota, where Lessig was than before. ernment with the Legion d'Honneur because born in 1961. After graduating from the After graduating with a Wharton MBA of his work in promoting Franco-Korean Wharton School, this third-generation Penn and working at Citibank, Lee returned to business ties. graduate studied philosophy at Cambridge South Korea as finance director for HanGlas University, where he encountered ideas that Group, which his father had co-founded amid helped set him on a collision course with his the devastation of the Korean War. At that conservative upbringing. time, the company had annual of sales of US THE GURU He went on to graduate from Yale Law $35 million. By 1995, he was the CEO of a OF CYBERLAW School. By his own description a "constitu- billion-dollar corporation. Although the com- LAWRENCE LESSIG, C'83, W'83 tional scholar whose first passion is constitu- pany was profitable and diversified in all as- tional interpretation," he clerked for the pects of the glass business across Korea, he "IN THE REALM OF INTERNET politics distinguished University of Chicago law pro- believed it faced considerable risk. Its debt and law, no one even approaches Lessig's fessor Judge Richard Posner on the 7th Cir- level was high, and it was facing competition stature," Wired magazine proclaimed in 2002. cuit Court of Appeals, then U.S. Supreme from cheaper Chinese imports. "He is cyberlaw." Court Justice Antonin Scalia. He identified two areas — architectural Since the mid-1990s, Stanford Law Having taught at Harvard and the Uni- glass and automotive glass — as core compe- Professor Lawrence Lessig has been engrossed versity of Chicago, Lessig is currently a profes- tences, and decided to restructure, investing with the intersection of constitutional law sor at Stanford Law School, founder of internationally in those core areas, and selling and intellectual property law — formerly its Center for Internet and Society, and a fel- off HanGlas subsidiaries that manufactured uncharted territory low of the American other products. The rest of the board, includ- where he is taking on Lessig has gained a follow- Academy of Arts and ing his father, initially balked at his plan, some of the world's ing and even inspired a Sciences. As an avid which involved reducing the workforce from most powerful corpo- student movement based supporter of free and 7,000 employees to fewer than 2,000, but Lee rations. In 1998 he open source software, persuaded them. gained notoriety when on the belief that overly he is also founder and The restructuring was completed in he was removed, at restrictive copyright laws CEO of the Creative September 1997, and the financial crisis Microsoft's instiga- hinder creativity in society. Commons, a board hit Korea by December. With a lean tion, from the land- member of the Elec- operation and negative debt, the mark case DOJ v. tronic Frontier Foun- company withstood the turmoil. Microsoft Corp. In 2002, he argued unsuccess- dation, and on the board of directors of In 1998 Lee expanded a business associ- fully to overturn the 1998 Sonny Bono Copy- Software Freedom Law Center. ation with Saint-Gobain Group, a French- right Term Extension Act in Eldred v. Ashcroft His book Free Culture: The Nature and based glass and materials giant, into a full — his first case before the U.S. Supreme Future of Creativity was the text for the 2006 strategic alliance. The company is now known Court, and only his second case in front of Penn Reading Project, in which all incoming as Saint-Gobain HanGlas (Asia) Pte. Ltd. any court. freshmen read and discuss a selected book. Despite the setbacks, proponents of "free culture" and the "wiki" model of Inter- net collaboration see him as a folk hero. Lessig has gained a following and even inspired a student movement based on the belief that overly restrictive copyright laws hinder cre- ativity in society. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 35 EMI WHARTON first 1979 Wharton and Penn Engineering launched a new joint- degree program, now the Jerome Fisher Program in Management & Technology (M&T), the first undergraduate gistics, and marketing, in 1979 he became program of its kind. HE TOPPED CHARTS CEO of CBS France. In 1984 Levy moved to WITH POLYGRAM PolyGram as CEO of its French operations, ALAIN LEVY, WG'72 just as the CD was gaining ground among early adopters. Levy built the business into N 2006 Alain Levy startled an audi- France's largest record company with a mar- such as Four Weddings and a Funeral, Trainspot- I ence at London Business School with ket share of more than 30 percent. In 1988, ting, and Fargo. In 1998 PolyGram was sold to the statement: "The CD as it is right he became London-based executive vice pres- Seagram and Levy left the company. now is dead." ident of PolyGram in charge of its worldwide More recently, as CEO of EMI from Blunt words from the man who pop and music publishing activities. During 2001 to 2006, he helped the company mine ruled music during the 1990s — the this time, he played a leading role in Poly- its powerful back catalog and develop a digital decade when the CD was the domi- Gram's negotiations to acquire Island strategy for online marketing and download- nant format. As head of Polygram, Records and A&M Records, which brought able ringtones to stave off the continuing Levy used smart acquisi- to PolyGram top-selling threat of pirated downloads and declining tions and A&R to turn Four years later Poly- artists U2 and Sting. CD sales. the minor label into a Gram became the In 1989 Levy was Levy is a member of Wharton's Executive worldwide entertainment number-one music appointed worldwide Board for Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. force that sold one out of president and CEO of company in the world, every five albums during PolyGram, where he his tenure. and Levy established led the acquisition of Levy, a native of a film arm. Motown and Def Jam, France, joined CBS Inter- further diversifying Poly- national after graduating Gram's musical slate. from Wharton in 1972. After working in the Four years later PolyGram became the num- U.S., France, and Italy in manufacturing, lo- ber-one music company in the world, and Levy established a film arm — PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, which produced and distributed profitable and influential films 36 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S FATHER OF THE DVD RADIO ONE'S WARREN N. LIEBERFARB, W'65 NUMBER ONE ALFRED C. LIGGINS III, WG'95 WHILE MANY GADGETS have inventors, IS MOTHER, the leg- Hughes had also launched Almic Broadcast- the DVD had a father. Warren Lieberfarb is credited with the vision, persuasiveness, and persistence that took the DVD from an idea — "a high-quality digital movie on a CD" — to the fastest consumer electronic product adoption ever. In the early 1990s, Lieberfarb, then the H endary Kathy Liggins Hughes, co-founded Radio One with limited funds, building the com- pany station by station. Since taking over as CEO, Alfred C. Liggins president of Warner Home Video, surveyed III has turned it into a multimedia empire the digital future of entertainment. While with 70 stations, billions in assets, and mil- ing, later Radio One. After graduating from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1983, Liggins worked for sta- tions in Los Angeles while studying at the University of California. Returning to Washington in 1985, Lig- gins managed sales and promotions for his mother's radio station. The station flourished via increased advertising and the firm pur- analog videocassette sales and rentals were lions of mostly black nationwide listeners. chased soft-rock station WMMJ-FM, chang- profitable, Wall Street analysts predicted "We are in the business of aggregating ing the format to rhythm-and-blues, a decline. Lieberfarb believed that by producing audience for this particular demographic and formula often repeated to access underserved a superior digital packaged product, the providing content to them," says Liggins, black audiences with R&B, hip-hop, and home video industry could jump out ahead of who's now moving into the Web, XM Satel- gospel programming. digital content delivery via cable, satellite, lite Radio, cable television, and expanding a After earning an MBA from Wharton in and DSL. Using the resources of his com- national talk-show network. 1995, Liggins was promoted to CEO in pany, he forged a network of alliances among Liggins learned the business at his 1997. The company's growth exploded. By film studios, consumer electronics manufac- mother's knee. Although Hughes, chairman 1999, to raise more capital, Liggins took turers, and technology companies. The result? of the company, remained married for two the company public and brokered a The alignment of hardware and software to years and was just 17 at the time of her son's $1.3 billion deal with media power- create an inexpensive, high-quality mass con- 1965 birth in Omaha, NE, the young family house Clear Channel. In 2001 Radio sumer product. soon moved to Washington, DC. Hughes One expanded further, making it Consumers were waiting. Within five worked at Howard University's radio station the largest urban-market radio com- years of the first as a host and station manager, pany, entrenched in 22 markets with 18 mil- players becom- The result? The alignment but she had bigger plans. lion listeners. Recently, Liggins moved into ing available, of hardware and software By 1979 Hughes pur- cable television with the creation of TV One 30 million were to create an inexpensive, chased WOL-AM in Wash- via the help of cable giant Comcast, making sold in the U.S. high-quality mass con- ington, financing the venture him one of America's youngest and most and 22 million by selling her home and car, dynamic media moguls. outside the sumer product. requiring the family to live in L U.S. It took the trailer studio. By 1980, VCRs 13 years she and her husband Dewey to achieve the household penetration that DVDs did in only five. Now the principal of Warren Lieberfarb L Associates, Lieberfarb says, "Succeeding in Hollywood necessitates tenacity, persever- ance, and willingness to accept a lot of blows. There's not only resistance to change due to Jonathan Newton, The Washington Post, 2003 risk-aversion, but ingrained technophobia. Al- though the industry is driven by technology in production, post-production, and distribu- tion, particularly in the digital era, there is a limited appreciation on how to evaluate tech- nology alternatives." He acknowledges that the revolution is continuing. "Access to content at your sched- ule, your location, your device will be the next generation of the dissemination of entertain- ment," said Lieberfarb. "As someone who loves movies, that's something I look forward to." Tommy Leonardi, 2005 A former Penn Trustee, Lieberfarb is a member of Wharton's Undergraduate Execu- tive Board. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 37 A CLEAR-EYED VISIONARY GEORGE L. LINDEMANN, W'58 L EORGE LINDEMANN sees G clearly what other people don't — trends on the cusp of breaking, from the soft contact lens to cable televi- Tommy Leonardi, 2006 sion to cellular phones to Spanish-language radio. But he has viewed himself as a dabbler — some- one who loves ideas and innovations, no Activated Communications Group matter what the field. Few entrepreneurs can match the diversity of his successes. L Initially Lindemann earned his Wharton degree and went home to New York to work in his father's cosmetics and hair care firm. While there, he noticed the baby-boom era surge in the need for pharmaceutical and medical products and decided to branch out into that market. That led to Permalens, the first perma- A TOUGH "As a matter of lawyering, it's absolutely nent-wear soft contact lens, which Linde- brilliant," Stanford University Law Professor mann developed and marketed. He sold that AND INVENTIVE Ronald Gilson told Legal Affairs. He said he contact lens business to Cooper Labs in 1971 CORPORATE LAWYER considers the poison pill to be the most signif- for $60 million. His next investments were MARTIN LIPTON, W'52 icant piece of corporate legal artistry in the equally prescient. His Vision Cable Com- 20th century. munications was among the first A FOUNDING PARTNER of of Wachtell, More recently, Lipton has defended gen- cable television firms in the Northeast Lipton, Rosen & Katz, Martin Lipton was erous executive compensations. While speak- and the South. He became the CEO and dubbed one of the "100 Most Influential ing at the Reuters Investment Banking president of Metro Mobile Communications, Lawyers in America" by the National Law Summit in New York he asserted, "Most of Inc., one of the largest specialized mobile and Journal. Most famously, Lipton invented the the high executive compensation has cellular radio dispatch companies in the "poison pill," a takeover defense used by pub- stemmed from the equity incentive plans and country. Bell Atlantic acquired it in 1992 for licly-traded companies to discourage unso- there's no way in which they could have cre- $2.6 billion. licited acquisitions. His tenacious tactics ated that compensation unless the company Though he could have easily retired, hav- established him as a household name — if prospered and the equity appreciated." Lip- ing moved to Palm Beach, FL, and become your household is made up of corporate ton and his firm have won some massive and part of the social scene there, Lindemann saw lawyers and directors. controversial settlements. In 2007 they repre- other fields in which to lead. He became the Lipton developed the idea for the poison sented the Board of Directors of Home Depot chairman and CEO of Southern Union Com- pill defense during two 1982 hostile takeover Inc. that gave its departing boss a $210 mil- pany, one of the largest natural gas pipeline battles in Texas. In one, General American lion payout. companies in the United States. Seeing the Oil was defending itself against a bid by The New York Times, when highlighting upsurge of Latin American immigrants com- corporate raider T. Boone Pickens. Lipton the accomplishments of Lipton, maintains, ing to live in America, he bought and man- urged the board to dilute "While share- aged a string of Spanish-language radio Pickens' stock purchases Some experts consider the holder gadflies stations as well. by the flooding the market poison pill to be the most have criticized Lindemann's energy doesn't stop with with new shares. They significant piece of corpo- Mr. Lipton for business. His 180-foot schooner Adela won wouldn't, and the com- being an apolo- the Maxi Yacht Rolex Cup in 2005 at Porto pany was sold to a last- rate legal artistry in the gist for corporate Cervo, Italy. minute bidder. Lipton 20th century. management, then employed another that assertion version in the defense of El Paso Company. misses the point — that Mr. Lipton's fidu- Using the threat of the "poison pill" (a term ciary responsibility is to best represent and ad- not coined until the next year), El Paso nego- vocate in support of his client's interests." tiated its sale to the hostile suitor from a posi- And on that notion, Mr. Lipton leaves tion of strength. little room for objection. While still controversial, the tactic was ruled legal in 1985. 38 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S STOCK SUPERSTAR WHO BEAT THE STREET PETER S. LYNCH, WG'68 TOCK picker extraordinaire S Peter Lynch's "invest in what you know" strategy has made him a household name with investors both big and small. A Boston resident for all but his Wharton years, Lynch ran Fidelity Investments' Mag- ellan Fund from 1977 to 1990, uncovering investment gems like Taco Bell, Pier One Imports, and Dunkin' Donuts. During the Lynch years, Magellan was the top- ranked general equity mutual fund in America, averaging an amazing 29.2 percent return a year, and only underperforming the S&P 500 index twice. He retired in 1990 at the age of 46, a move that brought mailbags of letters from distraught investors. While running Magellan, Lynch avoided hot, fast-growth industries, preferring instead to find an overlooked stock in a sleeper sector. Then, he learned as much as he could about it. "The person that turns over the most rocks wins the game. And that's always been my philosophy," Lynch has said over the years. Now vice-chairman of Fidelity Invest- ments, Lynch has lived and breathed his strat- egy, even choosing one company, Hanes, in the 1970s because his wife bought and loved its new L'Eggs pantyhose line — the first de- partment-store-quality pantyhose sold to Ben Baker, 2005 American women via supermarkets. "I did a little bit of research," Lynch told PBS's Frontline. "I found out the average 1980 woman goes to the supermarket or a drugstore once a week. And they go to a woman's spe- Professor Lawrence cialty store or department store once every six Lynch's widespread influence was broad- weeks. And all the good hosiery, all the good ened further by his three bestselling texts on Klein won the Nobel pantyhose is being sold in department stores. investing (written with co-author John They were selling junk in the supermarkets. Rothchild), including One Up on Wall Street, Prize in Economics for They were selling junk in the drugstores." Beating the Street, and Learn to Earn, which creating econometric Lynch knew Hanes had a winner. L'Eggs was written for teenagers. became a huge success, and Hanes became He has long insisted that individual in- forecasting models Magellan's biggest position. vestors who don't have time to learn compli- cated quantitative stock measures or read that help predict global lengthy financial reports can research stocks as economic trends. well or better than most investment profes- sionals by using the "invest in what you know" principle to find undervalued stocks. "Go for a business that any idiot can run," he has said, "because sooner or later, any idiot probably is going to run it." WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 39 HE MADE REAL ESTATE A SCIENCE WILLIAM L. MACK, W'61 '' N THOSE days, real estate was re- I ally a cottage industry," Bill Mack has said of his early career in the 1960s. "Most of the people in the business did not have a finite un- derstanding of finance, but used a pretty good back-of-the-envelope sense. The level of sophistication 40 years ago was marginal." The time was ripe for the Louis M. Lanzano, 2000 financial whiz kid to turn that cottage industry into a Class A office space empire. Mack soon cofounded the Mack Company and later Apollo Real Estate Advisors, and along the The Mack Company began building way used his real estate expertise to benefit a one-story industrial warehouses, then WHARTON first slate of nonprofits, from Wharton itself to branched into office space. Today Apollo Real 1980 Wharton New York's Javits Center. Estate Advisors has co-developed marquee Mack was an entrepreneur even in his buildings around the world, including the launched the LEAD very first job attempting to do equity invest- new Time Warner Center in New York, and ments with New York industrial leasing bro- Mack-Cali (the company formed when the (Leadership, Education ker Robert Joseph and Co. Mack Company merged with Cali Realty in Smart, bold, and enterprising, 23-year- 1997) owns and operates a portfolio of office and Development) old Mack proposed that the company's equity buildings with 35.9 million square feet of Program, which positions include him as a partner. The first Class A office space. deals he had in mind didn't work, but Mack As chairman of Penn's Facilities and becomes a nationwide soon saw opportunities of his own. Campus Planning Committee, Mack cham- "Most of the inquiries for new ware- pioned the addition of Wharton's state-of- program introducing house space was for New Jersey — a foreign the-art Jon M. Huntsman Hall, as well as new talented minority high place for a boy from Queens," he said in a academic, residential, and retail spaces that 2006 Wharton Alumni Magazine interview. In have transformed campus in recent years. school students to the 1963, he and his family bought an affordable, In the 1990s, he helped strengthen New York well-located 5 1/2 as chairman of world of business. acre parcel in the Today Apollo Real Estate the Javits Center, swamps near the the first chairman Advisors has co-developed Lincoln Tunnel. of Long Island He set up a trailer, marquee buildings around Power Authority, and all of a sudden, the world, including the and a member of he was a developer. new Time Warner Center in Empire State New York. Urban Develop- ment Agencies. Mack serves on Wharton's Board of Overseers and as Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the University of Pennsylva- nia. In 1999 the William and Phyllis Mack Center for Technological Innovation was named to honor the couple's gift. 40 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S PAVED THE WAY FOR McGill remained the pension industry's voice of reason well into his 70s. In 1993, for PENSION REFORM instance, he was tapped by the New Jersey Su- DANIEL M. MCGILL, GRW'47, perior Court to assist in the rehabilitation of PROFESSOR Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, seized by federal regulators after a run by pol- THE UNDISPUTED "DEAN" of the pen- icy holders. And the pension business, with sion industry, Professor Dan McGill's pio- the 2006 Pension Reform Act signed into law neering research raised serious questions last year and as record numbers of companies about the soundness of many of the nation's freeze pension plan benefits, remains as com- private pension programs — work that plex and controversial as ever. pointed the way to the reforms of the landmark 1974 Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). A PUBLISHING GIANT McGill, a Wharton PhD, was recruited from a teaching post to direct the School's GOES DIGITAL newly created Pension Research Center HAROLD W. MCGRAW III, WG'76 (PRC) in 1952. An offshoot of Wharton's In- L HILE Harold McGraw W surance Department, the PRC sprang up to study the growing corporate practice of pro- III shares the family viding retirement benefits as a part of an em- name of the company's McGraw-Hill ployee's wage package. founder, he has never McGill brought to light this entirely new mistaken McGraw- business of pensions as well as creating accept- Hill Inc. for a family able standards of performance. His influential business. In his first textbook, Fundamentals of Private Pensions decade as COO and then CEO, McGraw, His biggest move, though, was into the was first published in 1964 and — now in its known familiarly as Terry, took McGraw- digital realm. Ahead of the curve, he made eighth edition — remains the pension indus- Hill international, expanding into 38 coun- money with BusinessWeek's online presence try's authoritative text. tries — and into the digital world as well. and turned out educational publications on- McGill's capstone work for the PRC, And as chairman of the Business Roundtable line in proliferation. Standard and Poor's was "Fulfilling Pension Expectations," revealed a since 2006, he now leads the organization of innovative in producing digital information series of serious legal and financial problems chief executive officers, who in turn lead for the financial markets. He pushed research and recommended reforms to shore up the U.S. companies with $4.5 trillion in annual and development, something normally left to pension business. Congress and a presi- revenues, more than 10 million employees, businesses like pharmaceuticals or manufac- dential commission took note and and nearly a third of the total value of the U.S. turing, because he thought that the digital McGill was hired as a consultant, stock markets. world made publishing more like those types and they ultimately agreed with the When McGraw took over the operations of companies. PRC's findings and wrote many of of the publishing firm that his great-grandfa- McGraw saw publishing, which had long its recommendations into ERISA. ther had started in the late 19th century, it been a stodgy business, as dynamic, and made was, to his mind, fat and lazy. It was 1993, it so. "What this is about is change and how L and the digital revolution in media was stir- we manage change," he told the Financial ring. McGraw wanted to take McGraw-Hill Times in 2000. "We have to reinvent ourselves not only into the cyber-world, but around the continuously. It was OK eight years ago to world as well. talk about it, but today we have got to do it." He first sold off what he believed were antiquated or He pushed research and difficult to distinguish maga- development, something zine titles, keeping big sellers normally left to businesses like BusinessWeek (6.3 million like pharmaceuticals or circulation) or premier publi- cations in their fields like Ar- manufacturing. chitectural Record. He boosted the profile of the company's Standard and Poor's brand and built up the sagging educational publishing business, just as governments also built up spending for ed- ucational materials. University Archives WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 41 Tommy Leonardi, 2006 1982 Finance Professor Jean Crockett was appointed the first woman chair of the board of the Federal Reserve Bank NEW FINANCIAL yield bonds (also known as junk bonds) and of Philadelphia. more than 50 other financial instruments. MODELS CAN The financing markets continue to bear his CHANGE THE WORLD imprint. An editor of Harvard Business Re- MICHAEL MILKEN, WG'70 view later wrote, "Much of the strength and resilience of the economy today — including '' HERE'S A NEW realiza- its ability to rebound in times of adversity — of cancer. Other endeavors include the T tion in medical research is due to the way people using Milken's fi- that things need to be nancing vehicles remade ailing companies or done quickly, and that put their entrepreneurial zeal to work … they can be done Milken created a tremendous pool of liquidity quickly." This realization and guided its use with surgical precision." didn't come from re- Yet Milken became a magnet for contro- searchers, but from a versy in the late 1980s. A laudatory Novem- businessman — Michael ber 2004 Fortune story claimed, "Not since Milken. Milken advo- the days of J.P. Morgan had any financier left Milken Institute, a non-partisan economic think tank; the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the world's largest philanthropic source of funds for prostate cancer research; and Faster- Cures, an "action tank" dedicated to remov- ing the barriers that slow the discovery and development of new medical solutions. The 2004 Fortune profile, which dubbed Milken "The Man Who Changed Medicine," cates the use of financial innovation as the so deep a mark on corporate America or reported that in the fight against prostate can- means to solve such global challenges as cli- stirred so many conflicting passions.…" cer he "has energized the medical establish- mate change and poverty, as well as disease — Just a few years after starting in business, ment in a quest for a cure. Now thousands of big problems that Milken started to men are living longer — and leaders every- may be more effec- "Much of the strength and engage his business where are taking notice." tively addressed with resilience of the economy innovations in phi- the power of capital today — including its lanthropy. Today markets than with he is ranked not philanthropy or gov- ability to rebound in times only as one of the ernment mandates of adversity — is due to leading economic alone. the way people using innovators in the More than 35 Milken's financing vehicles United States, but years ago, philan- remade ailing companies …" also as one of the thropist, financier, most generous and Wharton School living Americans. alumnus Milken began applying the innova- During the past 30 years, he and his family tions he developed during his studies at have given more than $750 million to medical Wharton to revolutionize modern capital research and education. Their Milken Family markets through the introduction of high- Foundation has created models in how philanthropy can advance education, youth programs, inner-city solutions, pediatric neu- rology, and treatments for various forms 42 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S TOWARDS A Resources and Management also directed Wharton's Center for Transit Research and MORE HUMANE Management Development. MODEL OF BUSINESS He had a direct and lasting impact as HOWARD E. MITCHELL, PROFESSOR well. Mitchell redesigned public transportation systems to be more OWARD MITCHELL humanistic in major U.S. cities, H of the metals industry at a time of consolida- brought corporate social including Philadelphia and via a tion and the need for updated technology. responsibility and equality $90 million project for New York Aditya Mittal was a 30-year-old chief issues into American organi- City. He also established criteria for financial officer in early 2006 when he led the zations at a time when nei- corporate social responsibility, con- negotiating team that made the $34 billion ther was assumed. Mitchell sulting for General Motors, Ford Motor Co., deal with Arcelor SA (then the second-largest was the founding director of and the U.S. Department of Transportation. company) that turned Mittal into the largest Wharton's Human Resource Center and only A Wharton fellowship and forum focus- steel production company in the world. the second African-American professor hired ing on blacks in industry are named in his Mittal's 10 percent portion of the global steel at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as honor. Mitchell died in 1999. production capacity is three times the share of the first at Wharton. any other company. At the height of the civil rights move- Mittal has been intent on building the ment in 1965, Mitchell wrote that America FORGES THE company through debt and acquisitions, be- needed "devices and a sharp look at the pro- cesses whereby we assure greater oppor- DEALS FOR THE lieving that consolidation and market share are keys to success in the metals industry. His tunities for realizing the maximum WORLD'S LARGEST father grew Mittal Steel from a loose agglom- potential for the pursuit of happiness STEEL COMPANY eration of reconditioned steel mills into a and individual growth in every citizen." He ADITYA MITTAL, W'96 giant that made him the third-richest man in made it his goal to do so. the world after Bill Gates and Warren Buffet. Born in Indiana in 1921, Mitchell DURING THE SMELTING process, fire Mittal joined his father's company after earned a psychology degree from Boston Uni- hardens steel. For Mittal Steel Co., trial by fire graduating Wharton magna cum laude. He versity, where he distinguished himself as a transformed Aditya Mittal from a recent quickly proved himself by managing the IPO varsity athlete in football, basketball, and Wharton graduate into a respected president for Ispat International NV. This deal was the baseball, earning a spot in BU's athletic Hall and CFO. Along the way, he has forged the largest ever IPO in the steel industry, raising of Fame. During the summer between his deals to build the largest steel producer in over $775 million and receiving an equity deal sophomore and junior years, he pitched for the world. of the year award for 1997. the New York Black Yankees in the National One of the most difficult things to do in He was promoted to head of mergers and Negro League. business is to be successful as the child of the acquisitions in 1999, and since that time has When Mitchell graduated in 1943, he business's founder. In the racked up an impres- served in the Army in Europe during World case of Mittal, he not only Mittal Steel made 50 sive record. Accord- War II, where he again distinguished himself lived up to the expections acquisitions or mergers ing to Dealogic, a (he was later honored with a service award by of his father, Lakshmi Mit- under Mittal's leadership firm that tracks President Bill Clinton). After the war, tal, who started Mittal Steel mergers, Mittal Steel Mitchell earned a doctorate in clinical psy- since 1999. made 50 acquisitions Co., but kept it at the top chology from Penn in 1950, starting at the or mergers under medical school as an assistant professor of psy- L Aditya Mittal's lead- chiatry in 1955. For 37 years he taught at ership since 1999. In 2005 he was selected as Penn schools, including 18 years at Wharton, one of the World Economic Forum's Young breaking ground on issues ranging from fam- Global Leaders. ily psychology to corporate social sensitivity. At Wharton, Mittal is a member of the The UPS Foundation Professor of Human Executive Board for Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. L Courtesy of Aditya Mittal, 2006 University Archives WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 43 Sequoia Capital A VC WITH A SILICON TOUCH MICHAEL J. MORITZ, WG'78 L MICHAEL MORITZ CAN pick 'em, but he isn't afraid to share a few tips. During a recent interview with the UK's Observer, the native Welshman and top venture capital deal- Wharton Publications maker said he's learned to avoid doing deals with "anyone wearing Armani T-shirts, loafers with no socks, or who uses words like 'synergy,' 'no-brainer,' or 'slam-dunk.'" Moritz co-runs Sequoia Capital, the L Silicon Valley VC firm whose investments were making in Japan for Japanese con- include Google, Yahoo!, and PayPal (founded A CULTURALLY sumers," wrote Furniture Today, the leading by fellow alumnus Elon Musk, W'97, oppo- FLUENT trade journal in the industry. "Larry realized site page), as well as technology luminaries BUSINESSMAN, the same thing about furniture." Apple, Cisco, and eBay. Recently, Sequoia He sold Universal Furniture in 1989 and made an estimated $480 million in profit in FROM SHANGHAI eventually started Fine Furniture Design and less than a year by backing YouTube, the TO TENNESSEE Marketing, one of the first Asian companies video-sharing business founded by two Pay- LAURENCE ZA YU MOH, WG'53 to concentrate on upper-end American furni- Pal coworkers and acquired by Google, and ture. Though Moh was in the vanguard in sold Atom Entertainment in 2006 to Viacom HEN LAURENCE manufacturing in China for the American for $200 million. It's not surprising, then, W Moh wanted to open a market, he started factories for his more so- that Moritz tops the list of technol- factory for his furniture phisticated furniture in Tennessee and North ogy deal-makers produced by businesses in mainland Carolina. For all his moves just a step ahead of Forbes magazine in 2006 and 2007. China, he would the pack, Furniture Today called him "a vi- Moritz joined Sequoia in 1986, after personally go to the sionary in the true sense of the word." working as a reporter for Time, writing the province and, if neces- He was also a philanthropist, establish- 1984 book The Little Kingdom: the Private sary, sit outside the of- ing scholarships at schools from Singapore to Story of Apple Computer, and co-founding fices of the important officials, sometimes for North Carolina to Wharton, most named for Technologic Partners, a technology newslet- many days. his beloved wife Celia. On their 40th anniver- ter and conference company. When it comes When the plants finally opened, Moh sary, Mrs. Moh said she didn't want jewelry, to investing in Internet start-ups, Moritz has a continued his efforts to but something more preference for youth over maturity and looks please the community, For all his moves just lasting. Moh, as he for people with their own ideas for doing asking local Feng Shui a step ahead of the pack, liked to relate, gave something better. practitioners about the Furniture Today called her a gift appropriate Despite the bursting of the so-called tech best times and dates for him "a visionary in the to a furniture execu- bubble, Sequoia raised $455 million for Web openings, and even how tive's wife, a chair — 2.0 companies in the first three quarters of the doors of the factories true sense of the word." 2006, according to The Observer. And with or more precisely, a should face, in order that set of chairs. To com- IPOs for companies like Zappos.com on the the factory would be a plement the Universal way, his outlook for the future looks good. success in all ways. Furniture Professorship, which he created in "There is a common thread running Born in Shanghai, Moh went to Hong 1987, he endowed new professorships at through Sequoia's successful investments Kong upon completing his Wharton degree Wharton (where Health Care Management (Yahoo, Google, Apple) and a similar one and soon established a teakwood-flooring Professor Patricia Danzon is the Celia Z. Moh running through the misses (Webvan, business. Universal Furniture grew to be one Professor) and at Singapore Management eToys)," Mortiz told Business Today, "The of the first Far Eastern companies to concen- University, a business university begun in better investments are made from the place trate on appealing to American middle-class 1999 with support from Wharton. where the brain and the belly meet. The bad tastes in furniture. "Long ago, Toyota realized A charter member of Wharton's Execu- investments are those where the belly rules that Americans didn't care about the cars they tive Board for Asia, Moh's legacy at the and the boring investments are the ones where School includes his son, Michael Moh, W'92. the brain dominates." Laurence Za Yu Moh died in 2002. 44 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S WHARTON first 1983 The Joseph H. Lauder Institute of Management and International Studies offered the world's first MBA/MA joint-degree program in interna- tional management. A SERIAL Mark Harmel, 2003 ENTREPRENEUR PAYPALS IT FORWARD ELON MUSK, W'97 LON MUSK always wanted securely that even the smallest online busi- Tesla Motors's products are less grand E to change the world in posi- tive ways. Now he's ready for new worlds. "One of the great in- ventions of any intelligent species is expanding beyond their planet," he told USA Today. Thus, Space X, Musk's company, proposes to make space travel and launching of payloads at a cut rate nesses could use. He then sold PayPal to eBay but more spectacular, beginning with an for more than a billion dollars. electric sports car with a 3.9 second 0-60 With the $300 million he himself real- mph acceleraton and 135 mpg equivalent. ized from the two Internet sales, he decided to When production rolls out in December follow his lifelong interest in space travel and 2007, Musk plans to own and drive the very founded Space X, saying that he was not com- first one. peting with high-cost contractors like Boeing, since he was building the equivalent of a truck, while they were looking to be Ferraris. to current rockets. The thought, said Musk has always been interested in tech- Musk, was to He took some of that money nical challenges, and he's accustomed to suc- bring more people and helped found PayPal, a ceeding. Fascinated by video games as a into space and use system of transferring money pre-teen, he created "Blast Star," which was it for human eco- logical growth, not on the Internet securely that more or less a combination of two of the more popular games of the era, "Asteroid" and just deliver mili- even the smallest online busi- "Space Invaders." He sold "Blast Star" for tary objects into nesses could use. $500, he said, which is several zeroes to the the cosmos. right less than his next two businesses. He is also a In his early 20s, he started Zip2, which booster of clean included a full online publication system that power as chairman and the lead investor in interfaced with a newspaper's legacy main- two cutting-edge alternative energy compa- frame, maps, directions, and e-mail. He sold nies: Tesla Motors and Solar City. Solar City's it to Compaq for $307 million. He took some goal, he told Wharton Alumni Magazine in of that money and helped found PayPal, a sys- 2006, is to "bring solar power to everyone." tem of transferring money on the Internet He continued, "The U.S. market is the biggest in the world, and I think that if the U.S. uses 25 percent of the world's energy, that's a big market." WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 45 L A RADICAL WHO LAID THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE TENURE SYSTEM John Jewett, Boston Scientific University Archives SCOTT NEARING, PROFESSOR THE TENURE SYSTEM allows established professors to pursue re- search topics without worrying where their results take them. But this system exists, in part, because of one Wharton professor who was found to have gone "too far." L Scott Nearing was brilliant, without doubt, influencing genera- tions over his century-long life by advocating what he believed to be a DEVICES WITH MINIMAL back-to-nature lifestyle of economic and social purity. "If I am rich and INVASION, MAXIMUM BENEFIT you are poor," Nearing wrote, "both of us are corrupted by inequality." PETER M. NICHOLAS, WG'68 Nearing matriculated to Penn in 1901, where he was influenced by Simon Nelson Patten (see p. 27), the great progressive economist ETER NICHOLAS rang Wall Street's closing bell on and director of Wharton School from 1896 to 1912. Nearing earned a doctorate in economics in 1909, began teaching sociology at Wharton, and became immersed in progressive social causes in Philadelphia. Nearing soon became one of the "Wharton Eight," a group of fac- ulty who believed that they "should make a contribution not only to our students and the University but also to the society at large," in Nearing's words. Patten described Nearing as one of Penn's "most effective men, a man of extraordinary ability, of superla- tive popularity and a man who, to my mind, exerted the greatest P January 31, 2005 — an honor that was a long time in the making. The occasion was recognition of the 25- year anniversary of Boston Scientific, the medical tech- nology company he serves as chairman and that he co-founded with only 38 employees. The day he rang the bell, the company had more than 15,000 workers. A year later, the company grew again, through a hotly contested $28 bil- lion acquisition of long-time competitor Guidant. The company fin- ished 2006 with $948.7 million in revenue. moral force for good in the University." He also noted that Nearing "When we started, our goal was to become a major contributor "had the largest class in the University — there were 400 in his class — for solving problems in the health care field and I believe we have ful- and no one could have done his work better." filled this many times over," he told Wharton Alumni Magazine earlier Thus Nearing was shocked in 1915 when he was the only assistant in 2006. professor with a favorable rec- Boston Scientific has catapulted to the medical technology fore- ommendation from the faculty "If I am rich and you front with an array of devices requiring minimally invasive surgery. not to be rehired. are poor," Nearing Riding this upward wave has been the life work of Nicholas. His outspoken views Prior to launching Boston Scientific, Nicholas became well-versed against child labor and other wrote, "both of us in the medical technology sector working with Eli Lilly & Company progressive causes had run are corrupted by for a decade after completing his Wharton MBA and then as general afoul of Penn's trustees, who inequality." manager for the Millipore Corporation. "Everything in life is a judg- thought he was a dangerous in- ment call, and if you have been at this a number of years, you under- fluence on his many followers. stand how things work — and this understanding helps to mitigate the "I do not believe in muzzling any member of the faculty," said the risks," he says. University Provost. "I do believe, however, that no man may go too far." His insights led to the acquisitions of Medi-Tech in 1970 and Nearing won litigation concerning his dismissal, giving a signifi- Scimed Life Systems in 1995, among the many other companies that cant victory to academic freedom — one step toward the creation of have come under Boston Scientific's wing. the tenure system. "Alignment is key," says Nicholas, who attributes compatibility in By 1917 Nearing was fired from the University of Toledo as an business values and approach to life as vital for any potential business administrator and professor due to his opposition to America's World partnership. Over time, his company's ability to select the right part- War I involvement. In March 1918 he was indicted, but later exoner- ners and a strength to dominate niches has resulted in a near-continu- ated by the federal government via the Espionage Act for his antiwar ous 35 percent annual growth rate. writing. In the 1920s he joined the Communist party until he was More importantly, Nicholas says, "Our medical devices expelled from that organization for being too radically independent. have helped move the needle toward earlier detection Nearing later espoused a simple lifestyle of abstaining from prod- with cost-effective treatments that have resulted in a ucts and economic practices that he believed hurt society. Among his better quality of life." 50 books was the classic Living the Good Life, co-authored with his wife Helen in 1954 and republished in 1970, inspiring the countercul- tural movement of the time. Nearing died in 1983 shortly after his 100th birthday. 46 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S HE CREATED NETWORK BROADCASTING WILLIAM S. PALEY, W'22, HON'68 HE New York Times wrote T that CBS founder William Paley was to broadcasting what "Carnegie was to steel, Ford to automobiles, Luce to publish- ing and Ruth to baseball." High praise, but it's difficult to be hyperbolic when discussing Paley's influence. Chicago native Paley re- turned to the family cigar busi- ness after Wharton. In 1927 his father purchased a few struggling radio stations with a thought to use them for adver- tising his products, but the younger Paley Corbis, 1985 had bigger ideas. He soon built them into a fledgling group of radio stations called Columbia Broadcasting System, better known as CBS, the broadcasting company he ran for half a century. For more than 20 years under Paley's 1985 Paley's ideas about radio, then television, stewardship, CBS TV led prime-time ratings. were new and bold. Before Paley, individual Not only a business innovator, Paley's rarer The Wharton Inter- stations bought programming from the net- genius was in lining up programming the work and were considered the network's public wanted. He brought Jack Benny and national Volunteer clients and primary revenue source. Paley Frank Sinatra to CBS radio, and shows like I Program began. Over changed broadcasting's business model. He Love Lucy, All in the Family, M*A*S*H, and provided network programming to stations at 60 Minutes to CBS TV. the next two decades, nominal cost, instead of relying on advertisers Even more influentially, he built CBS for revenue. As News. Many among student-organized stations and view- Paley changed broadcasting's today's viewers en- ers grew under business model. He provided countered Paley for service initiatives those favorable network programming to the first time as a char- expanded, helping local terms, advertisers stations at nominal cost, in- acter in the 2005 film paid more. stead of relying on advertisers Luck, based on the Good Night, and Good community efforts and for revenue. true story of newsman developing economies Edward R. Murrow's battle with Senator around the world. Joseph McCarthy. The actor playing Paley in- toned inspirationally, "I'm with you today, Ed. And I'm with you tomorrow." It was Paley who believed that news could be a pillar for the station and its audi- ence. CBS News began its influence prior to World War II on the radio and continued on television under Murrow, Walter Cronkite, and Dan Rather. Paley, who died in 1990, made history — and preserved it. He founded what is now the Museum of Television and Radio, and the New York building is named in his honor. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 47 BIG DEALS AND BIG GOALS FOR THE PHILIPPINES MANUEL V. PANGILINAN, WG'68 L WHEN MANUEL PANGILINAN archi- tected a buyout of Philippines Long Distance Company (PLDC) in 1999, it was dubbed the corporate deal of the century in the Philip- pines. And that deal was only the beginning. In 1999 Pangilinan paid $750 million Str Old, Reuters, 2000 for 17.2 percent of PLDC common stock. Now chairman of PLDC, he's leading First Pacific, a holding company where he is execu- tive chairman, to buy the government's 46 percent stake in Philippine Telecommunica- tions Investment Corp., or PTIC, an invest- Michael Crabtree, Reuters, 2000 ment holding company with a stake in L PLDT. Two units of First Pacific already hold ORDER, EFFICIENCY, the rest of PTIC. Pangilinan first worked for American AND COOPERATION Express Bank, but then decided to go out on FOR ITALIAN POST his own, combining in the early 1980s with AND BANKING another young businessman, Anthony Salim, CORRADO PASSERA, WG'80 heir to one of the great Indonesian fortunes, to start First Pacific Corp. Salim was the silent N 1998, when Corrado Passera was Repubblica, two publishers; and Credito Ro- partner and Pangilinan worked the proverbial 24-hour days learning every detail of every business the eventual conglomerate bought. He believed in big goals, not small ones. By 2005, he was the chairman of the Philippine Long Distance Phone Company. As interested in the Philippines being as suc- I chosen to lead the Italian postal magnolo, one of Italy's most profitable banks. service, the task seemed impossi- As Managing Director and General Manager ble. There was only two months at Banco Ambroveneto, Passera led its merger worth of cash left in the system. with Cariplo, the world's largest savings bank, Postage rates were expensive, and resulting in Banca Intesa in 1998. the average time it took a domestic He had learned throughout his career letter to be delivered was an amaz- that the best way to turn around a company ingly slow five days. There was alleged corrup- was to enjoin everyone in the process. For tion by suppliers and workers alike. example, Passera knew that job cuts were cessful as his businesses had been, he used his Within months, Passera had settled crit- needed at the postal service, but to get union influential position to press for Philippine ics. He dropped the price of priority mail buy-in, he told leaders that management economic reform, calling current policies too drastically — from 2.07 Euros to 67 cents — would take their share in both cuts and complex with an abundance of little goals. He and got overnight delivery up to a credible 80 efficiencies. 17,000 jobs were cut by 2001, said in a speech in Manila that year that the percent rate. He secured financing from the and along the way, the Italian mail system plan would never fly, its objectives never fin- government to computerize its became one ished. It reminded him, he said, of what the 1,400 branches and at the same Passera dropped the price of the most emperor of Austria had said in a critique of time reduce the post office debt. of priority mail drastically dependable Mozart's music — "too many notes." He even instituted something — from 2.07 Euros to 67 in Europe. Although Pangilinan is outspoken on be- completely unknown in Italian cents — and got overnight Similarly, on half of his companies and country, he has business — the single-file cus- his first few never believed the guy at the top of the heap tomer service line. delivery up to a credible months on should just kick dirt on the minions below. He left the postal service in 80 percent rate. the job at "People respond to the fact that they 2002 and took on the chief exec- Banca Intesa, share in the effort and success of the com- utive officer's job at Banca In- Passera cut pany," he told a Wharton Global Alumni tesa, Italy's largest by assets. Its problems were staff, consolidated management, and made Forum audience in Singapore in 2005. "The similar — inefficiency, taint from banking the bank profitable. old model, where the CEO is like Jesus Christ scandals, haphazard government regulation, Passera is a member of Wharton's — exists but rarely seen — does not work any and the threat of takeover by foreign banking Executive Board for Europe, Africa, and the more. Now, people like open-style, flat conglomerates. Middle East. structures." Beginning his career at McKinsey, Passera had become the go-to leader for Italy's top companies, including CIR, a holding firm; and Modadori Group and L'Espresso- 48 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S MASTER INVESTOR CHAIRS OF THE WHARTON BOARD OF RONALD O. PERELMAN, W'64, OVERSEERS Since 1973, the leadership of WG'66 Wharton's Board of Overseers has catapulted the School in global prominence, and each chair of the Overseers has left his own imprint. L ONALD PERELMAN'S R business philosophy is that successful companies generally 1973–1987 do one thing extremely well, REGINALD H. JONES, W'39, HON'80 and they should concentrate During Jones' tenure as chair, the School on doing just that. Perelman underwent a period of rapid innovation and proved his point over and over expansion. Wharton raised the profile of again, becoming one of the its academic programs, especially the PhD. late 20th century's most ac- Programmatic firsts included the opening of Wharton Publications complished investors. the Wharton Entrepreneurial Center (1973), Perelman was one of the most successful the beginning of the Wharton Executive users of the high-yield debt (junk) bond MBA (1975), the launch of the undergraduate market. His 1985 takeover bid for cosmetics program in Management & Technology giant Revlon was financed through Michael (1979), the expansion of Steinberg Hall-Diet- Milken, WG'70 (see p. 42) and became one rich Hall (1983), and the founding of the of the best-known battles in American corpo- 1987 Lauder Institute of Management and Interna- rate history. He retains the role of Revlon tional Studies (1987). chairman to this day. The Aresty Institute His storied career began when he bought 1987–1999 a stake in a jewelry concern, Cohen-Hatfield, for Executive Education SAUL P. STEINBERG, W'59 and parlayed that into the controlling interest moved into the new Now chairman emeritus, Steinberg helped in MacAndrews & Forbes, whose main shape the international and technological product was licorice extract. Using MacAn- Steinberg Conference focus of the School. In 1987, the campus was drews & Forbes as a holding company, he expanded with the opening of Steinberg Con- acquired other businesses with strong brand Center and grows to ference Center (named to honor Steinberg, as recognition. was Steinberg Hall-Dietrich Hall). Perelman would help realize the value become a global leader Wharton built on the success of the of the company and sometimes sell non-core in senior management Overseers in 1988 by becoming the first U.S. assets. Within only a dozen years, he used his business school to establish boards in Asia and first million-dollar investment to build a port- development. Europe (and later Latin America). Wharton's folio of several billion dollars. His control aggressive focus on globalization included the spread to film processing (Technicolor), creation of new international immersion pro- banking (Golden State Bank Corp.), grams for students and faculty. movie cameras (Panavision), and tobacco In 1998, Steinberg helped kick off the (Continental Cigars — a personal favorite for Campaign for Sustained Leadership, an ambi- Perelman, who had a custom cigar created tious effort to transform the School through for his use. Eventually he the largest business school campaign ever. quit smoking and sold the Within only a company). dozen years, 1999–PRESENT Perelman has made his he used his first JON M. HUNTSMAN SR., W'59, name through deals that are million-dollar HON'96 bold, but in the end successful. During Huntsman's tenure, he has worked to Over time, Perelman's strate- investment to further transform Wharton's place in the gies of making overly compli- build a portfolio world, opening Wharton West in San Fran- cated companies slimmer of several billion cisco in 2000, and forging an alliance with turned many of them around dollars. INSEAD in 2001. In 2002, Jon M. Huntsman and gave them new life. Hall opened, a fitting tribute to its namesake, Perelman is a Wharton the largest donor in Wharton's history. Overseer and Penn Trustee. The Perelman The state-of-the-art educational facility Quadrangle, the historic heart of campus, is focused on learning while providing a new named in honor of his generous gift. home for Wharton. The School's global ex- pansion was made possible through the Cam- paign for Sustained Leadership, which was completed in 2003 and surpassed campaign goals by raising over $445 million from more than 24,000 donors. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 49 WHARTON first 1988 Wharton was the first business school to establish International Executive Advisory Boards, today advised by senior business leaders on three boards — Asia; Europe, Africa and the Middle East; and Latin America. THE FORCE BEHIND THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT FRANCES PERKINS, ATTENDED 1918–1919 STAUNCH protector of A Library of Congress, circa 1935 workers' rights, Frances Perkins became America's first female cabinet member as Secretary of Labor. Perkins was a trailblazer, working with President Franklin D. Roosevelt to design many New Deal initiatives, including the Triangle Shirtwaist in 1929. Later elected president, he called her Perkins helped establish Factory fire. The again to be Secretary of Labor in 1933. She act that established the Social Security system unemployment compensa- exits were locked, was instrumental in changing women's work in 1935. tion, the minimum wage, the conditions de- conditions, and established labor laws and in- Born in 1882 in abolition of child labor, the plorable, and 146 novation now taken for granted: unemploy- Boston, Perkins learned creation of a federal em- young female gar- ment compensation, the minimum wage, to be assertive in a so- ment workers died, abolition of child labor, the creation of a fed- ployment service, and the many jumping to eral employment service, and "old-age insur- called man's world while attending the predomi- Social Security Act. their deaths in an ance" — created through the Social Security nantly male Worcester attempt to escape Act of 1935. Classical High School. the flames. Although she encountered sexism as she After graduating from Mount Holyoke Col- The scene deeply affected her, galvaniz- rose through the ranks (for example, defend- lege in 1902, Perkins worked for several so- ing her as a labor and women's rights activist. ing in court her right to keep her maiden cial-service groups. In 1918 she began her years of study in eco- name after her marriage) Perkins received re- By 1910 Perkins moved to New York nomics and sociology at Wharton. While in markable support from Roosevelt for her ini- City to continue her studies at Columbia. Philadelphia, she participated in the women's tiatives. She served as labor secretary for a The next year she witnessed the infamous suffrage movement and gave fervent street- record-holding 12 years. She died in 1965. corner speeches while helping poor immi- grant girls. She became New York's Industrial Com- missioner when Roosevelt became governor 50 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S A VOICE OF GLOBALIZATION FOR AN IMPERILED PLANET HOWARD V. PERLMUTTER, PROFESSOR HOWARD PERLMUTTER HAS always had a gift for prediction. "In our increasingly global civilization, deep, constructive dialog The Wharton Emeritus Professor and Director of the Emerging Global competencies are essential," Perlmutter told Knowledge@Wharton. Civilization Project saw how multinational corporations would "This is true not only in the world economy, but also between people unfold as far back as 1972, before globalization had even begun in the political, social-cultural, scientific, technological, medical to take shape. Twenty years later, his writings on meeting the and ecological domains. Especially in the political realm, it is dialog challenges of the emerging global civilization garnered worldwide or death." attention. Perlmutter has long been a world authority and pioneer on glob- alization issues. His groundbreaking 1972 work, "The Multinational Firm and the Future," accurately forecast viability and legitimacy issues A GENTLEMAN for multinational corporations. In 1998-1999, the Financial Times IN SILICON VALLEY published his four-article series on multinationals and the emerging LEWIS E. PLATT, WG'66 global civilization — articles that received worldwide attention for their call to action on challenges ranging from the environment to ethnic EWIS PLATT began at Hewlett-Packard as an engi- and religious conflict, global terrorism with weapons of mass destruc- tion, and global regulation. Today, as he considers the turbulence of 9/11, the ongoing war with Iraq, the increasing threat of weapons of mass destruction and nu- clear terrorism, among other global concerns, Perlmutter's predictions have become more dire. "It's a race against time," he says. "We have to decide whether we L neer in 1966. He retired more than 30 years later as CEO — the engineer of the company's transformation. Known for his ethical business dealings, consensus- building, and modest demeanor, Platt expanded the company into a portfolio of more than 80 divisions — from test-and-measurement equipment to printers to server-computers. From 1992, when he succeeded are going to have a first global civilization, and thus work out a way founder David Packard as chief executive, the Palo Alto company grew to build cooperation among people who have never cooperated from $16.4 billion to $42 billion when he retired in 1999. before, some of whom are very great enemies and have major religious One of his last projects at Hewlett-Packard was to differences. Or will we become the last global civilization — will our spin off Agilent Technologies, a landmark decision inability to cooperate and connect destroy our world." since splitting a successful company in two ran counter Perlmutter is at work on a book, titled to the mergers and acquisitions craze of First or Last Global Civilization?, that "It's a race against time, the time. The move divided Hewlett-Packard's provides an action model he hopes will we have to decide computer and printing business from the measure- help guide world leaders in working toward whether we are going ment business responsible for products such as semi- what he calls "a symbiotic cooperative conductor testing devices. The split became a model potential." to have a first global for other corporate divorces. civilization … Or will we In the 1990s, he served on President Bill Clinton's become the last global Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotia- L civilization — will our tions and as chairman of the World Trade Organiza- inability to cooperate tion Task Force. At Platt's 1999 retirement party, he handed out French corkscrews to guests inscribed with and connect destroy the words "Gone Fishing." Instead of fishing, he put our world." those corkscrews to use at Kendall-Jackson Wine Estates, where he spent a time as CEO of that small, privately run winery. Platt returned to the corporate big-time in 2003 as non-executive chairman of a recovering American icon: The Boeing Company. The company's earnings were down, it had lost market share to Airbus, and it had shed some 4,000 commercial jobs in recent years. "I think we've L made a lot of progress," Platt said in 2005. Investors who listened ben- efited — the following year, Boeing overtook misstepping rival Airbus to become the largest aircraft manufacturer for the first time since 2000. Platt, who died in 2005, was a Wharton Overseer and helped to found Wharton West, Wharton's first-ever permanent, out-of-state Wharton Alumni Magazine, 2005 campus location. Wharton Publications WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 51 Tommy Leonardi, 2005 A DEFT TOUCH FOR CAPITAL MARKETS GOOD AND BAD RUTH PORAT, WG'87 Wharton Alumni Magazine, 2003 L TO SOME, IT CAME AS A SURPRISE when Morgan Stanley promoted Ruth Porat in 2006 to be head of the investment firm's financial institutions group (FIG). After all, Porat had never been in that division, but had made her mark advising technology and in- L dustrial companies. But the lead- 1993 was taken over by the By the early 1990s, when the online ership at Morgan Argentine firm Grupo boom burgeoned, Charles Schwab Stanley knew that Wharton's first Global Techint. Inc. was in place to take full advan- Porat was not just a Alumni Forum con- Porat preaches that tage of it. Pottruck realized that rising star, but an no one goes anywhere there was a good segment of the established one. vened in Manila, start- alone in big business. market that wanted barebones ser- "Ruth thoroughly "The success of the deal vices. Not everyone wanted research and understands the ing a tradition that depends on the team hand-holding — many people thought they company and [in- driving it," she told a could choose investments themselves and vestment bank- expands to annual classroom of Wharton merely needed someone to do the actual ing]," said Derek forums in Asia, Europe, students in 2005. trades for them. Pottruck gave them that. Kirkland, her pre- Pottruck also was the progenitor of San decessor, noting and Latin America. Francisco-style corporate management. In the that just as Porat mid-1990s, he came to realize that his was at the forefront brasher, tough-guy style was wearing thin on of technology in- the hard-working but laid-back Northern vestment when it was hot, so would she be in California business environment. Unlike financial institutions, now that that was a A NEW KIND other headstrong executives, he sought help in major emphasis for investment firms like OF LEADERSHIP life-coaching. He transformed himself into a Morgan Stanley. "The FIG practice across DAVID S. POTTRUCK, C'70, WG'72 more empathetic manager, and, as such, in- Wall Street has usually been culturally sepa- fluenced the way the upcoming technology rate from the other businesses," said Kirkland. N 1984, David Pottruck, a young and businesses in California managed employees I "There's an element here of wanting to ensure aggressive ex-Penn wrestler and foot- and customers. the best service for our clients." ball player, was frustrated with his tra- He and Schwab were co-CEOs for five When prudence meant handling ditional job at Shearson American years until 2004. By merging their clashing technology with aggressiveness, Express in New York. A slightly older styles, they built their company into one Porat was there, helping Morgan aggressive guy named Charles Schwab that held more than a trillion dollars in cus- Stanley bring to IPO such firms asked him to come across the country tomer assets. as Broadcast.com, Priceline, Ask and be the head of marketing for a new Chairman of Eos Airlines, in 2006 Jeeves, and VeriSign, Inc. She was, on kind of financial services firm Schwab had Pottruck took the reigns as CEO to take the the other hand, one of the first prominent in- in San Francisco. Pottruck said he was up for carrier from startup to a significant new breed vestment firm analysts to warn that there were the challenge. of transatlantic premium carrier. holes in the tech marketplace, when in 1998 Together, Pottruck and Schwab set a A former Penn trustee, he is currently an she started advising clients to concentrate on new tone and built up that new kind of fi- Overseer for Wharton and Penn Athletics the larger companies, like Cisco, Intel, Ama- nancial services business that became a stan- and chair of Wharton West's Advisory Board. zon, and Microsoft, and be wary of the more dard in the industry. Pottruck and Schwab A frequent guest lecturer at Wharton, he is the flighty startups. became the Mr. Inside and Mr. Outside of namesake of Penn's David S. Pottruck Health She spent a year in London and then re- the online stock trading revolution. Schwab, and Fitness Center. turned to concentrate on industrial firms. She whose name was on the firm, was the face the worked with General Electric to make Gen- public saw in commercials and on the talk worth Financial's 2004 stock offering the shows. Pottruck, a driven businessman, de- most successful IPO in two years, and advised signed the strategies and put people in place the Mexican steel company Hylsamex as it to perform. 52 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S CONSUMER RESEARCH PIONEER J.D. POWER III, WG'59 OT MANY statisticians as diverse as cellular communications, satellite N are household names, but TV, hospitals, banks, real estate, and airports. J.D. "Dave" Power III is. Heightened competition today fuels the Called the high priest of growth of the firm. Its services have expanded customer satisfaction by to include proprietary tracking studies, media the business press, Power studies, forecasting, and training services, as has lent his name to the well as business operations analyses, and con- market research company that has become sultancies on customer satisfaction trends. synonymous with automotive-quality rank- ings. In 2006 he sold JD Power and Associates L to McGraw-Hill for an undisclosed sum, but HE TURNED PFIZER he remains chairman and continues to be one of the most influential figures in the global INTO A GLOBAL auto industry. CORPORATE CITIZEN Pfizer Power began his career doing market re- EDMUND T. PRATT JR., WG'49 search for companies such as Ford and Gen- eral Motors. Bored and frustrated with the ED PRATT EXPANDED pharmaceutical ing of international trade dynamics. way management massaged his research to company Pfizer operations into almost every In 1969 Pratt became chairman and justify their decisions, he left the auto industry country of the world during the 1970s, in- president of Pfizer International; by 1971 he in the mid-1960s for chainsaw maker McCul- creasing revenue sevenfold, from $1 billion to was elected president and in 1972 rose to loch Motors Inc., which was having trouble nearly $7 billion by focusing on social respon- CEO and chairman. cracking the consumer market. He spotted a sibility, technology, world trade, and corpo- He focused on establishing research and basic flaw: The company forecast chainsaw rate creativity. development facilities worldwide, as well as sales based on the number of lumber trees it Born in 1927 Savannah, GA, Pratt the acquisition of medical-device companies could find. "I said, 'You don't sell to trees, you served in the U.S. Navy, then spent nine years and developing breakthrough products such sell to people,'" Power told McCullough exec- with International Business Machines Corp. as Procardia XL for angina and high blood utives. Power's research also showed that the (IBM). Pratt signed on with the Kennedy ad- pressure. The company's revenues soared, saws needed to be ministration as accentuated by his conservative financial smaller, less expen- Power is often credited with Assistant Secre- management and focus on creativity. "I told sive, and able to toler- accelerating the popularity tary of the Army. my colleagues that if we were creative, had ate long periods of of Japanese cars in the United After managing fun, and worked hard, we could be among the idleness. McCulloch the Army's fi- best of the best," he said. listened, and sales States. "At the time, Detroit nances, Pratt He also led Pfizer to be a positive force in took off. didn't think Japan could joined Pfizer as the community. In the 1970s, for exam- Power set off on produce anything other than controller in 1964 ple, during the darkest days of New his own in 1968. Toy- motor scooters." with an impres- York City urban decay, Pratt took a ota was an early client, sive understand- historic leadership position to ally initially asking Power Pfizer with the city, other agencies, and to survey the forklift market and beginning corporations to fight back. Instead of aban- his long relationship with Japanese carmakers. doning a manufacturing facility in the L Today, Power is often credited with accelerat- Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, as many ing the popularity of Japanese cars in the other companies did, Pratt committed to im- United States. "At the time, Detroit didn't proving the neighborhood around the com- think Japan could produce anything other pany's plant. He created low-income housing than motor scooters," he says. and donated a Pfizer building for a public Based in Westlake Village, CA, JD charter school, among other supports. Power and Associates has 750 employees in As chairman of the President's appointed 12 offices worldwide and generates over $145 Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations, million a year in revenues, according to pub- he broadened the trade agenda to include lished reports — a fivefold increase over the items of global impact, including the issue of past decade. Though the company is best intellectual property. As a chairman of the known for rating autos based on surveying Business Roundtable, he was a top voice for Tommy Leonardi, 2004 tens of thousands of consumers a year, Power U.S. corporations. today rates products and services in categories He died in 2002. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 53 BROUGHT PHONE SERVICE TO THE BANGLADESHI POOR IQBAL QUADIR, G'83, WG'87 HE IDEA for GrameenPhone T came to Iqbal Quadir during an afternoon of on-the-job frustration in 1993. His in- vestment banking office's computer network had failed, stymieing his efforts to work. As he sat there, he recalled another wasted day in 1971 when he was 13 and living with his family in a rural village in Bangladesh to escape a war that was ravaging the big cities. Since there were no phones, his mother sent him to a nearby village to fetch medicine. He walked eight miles only to find that the pharmacist was gone for the day and he had wasted the day walking. All for the lack of a telephone to call ahead. Sitting in front of his disconnected computer in New York City 22 years later, a realization dawned: If connectivity meant productivity, then it must be a weapon against poverty. That started the wheels turning on an amazing micro-lending partnership that even- tually would bring 200,000 phones to Bangladeshi villages through GrameenPhone, Martha Stewart, 2005 serving 80 million people with an average of 400 people using each of those phones. Today, GrameenPhone has become a tremendous financial success. A group of Americans who backed him originally collec- tively put in $1.65 million and got $33 mil- lion back eight years later selling their stake. Selling his own shares in GrameenPhone In addition to the 200,000 phones distributed made Quadir financially independent, and WHARTON first to villagers, GrameenPhone installed another he's using that status to build other socially 1994 Wharton and the 6 million throughout Bangladesh. Competi- conscious ventures. He created a foundation tors have added an additional 4 million units in America dedicated to development in College of Arts and since the government Bangladesh. issued its licenses, and Quadir began an amaz- And Quadir himself Sciences created the growth should double ing micro-lending part- is never far from his next first integrated under- again soon. nership that eventually big idea. Currently, he is would bring 200,000 working to install mini- graduate global business power plants that use cow phones to Bangladeshi manure as fuel to provide program, now the villages through electricity. GrameenPhone, serving Huntsman Program in 80 million people. International Studies & Business (IS&B). 54 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S SHE WROTE THE SHAPED BOOK ON INTERNET REYNOLDS INVESTING METALS RUTHANN QUINDLEN, WG'83 RICHARD S. REYNOLDS JR., W'30 UTHANN QUINDLEN RICHARD REYNOLDS JR. graduated from forming food storage. The Reynolds' ag- R was there before the tech Wharton in 1930 at the depths of Great De- boom started — and she pression. He started work as an investment was there to chronicle those banker, helping to launch a Wall Street bro- heady days. kerage firm, Dean Witter Reynolds Inc., be- The daughter of an fore joining his family's Reynolds Metals Co. Air Force officer raised in in 1938 and shaping it into a global profit- Louisiana, Quindlen found making powerhouse that introduced innova- her first fulltime job as an investment banker tive products — from foil to housing siding at Alex Brown & Sons. She carved out a niche — to the world. gressive merchandising efforts led to aluminum being accepted for a range of building construction — in- cluding the 1945 invention of alu- minum siding — and automobile manufacturing purposes. Reynolds was an optimistic and jovial leader. Time magazine, in a May 1952 article, lauded the company's "spanking new $80 in the 1980s as the first dedicated personal Born 1908 in North Carolina and a million aluminum plant in Corpus Christi, computer analyst for a big investment bank. grandnephew of the Reynolds tobacco colos- TX, that in one week attracted 20,000 visi- Later a managing director at Alex Brown, she sus founder, Richard J. Reynolds, the future tors, many of them eating hotdogs kept warm guided the IPOs of the most prominent Penn trustee would often say that "profits are on freshly poured pigs of aluminum," as a names in the personal computer software to business what breathing is to life." high school band played "Whistle While You business — Microsoft, Broderbund, America Under his leadership as president and Work." The article further noted that Online, Borland, Electronic Arts, and chairman, between 1948 and 1976, the alu- "Richard S. Reynolds Jr. had something to McAfee Associates. minum maker expanded worldwide with whistle about: he now has the world's biggest In 1993, she signed on with Institutional assets rising from $114 million in 1948 to aluminum pot line." Venture Partners, or IVP, an early-stage ven- $1 billion by 1963. By 1979 the company Reynolds was ecstatic about aluminum's ture-capital firm based in Menlo Park, CA. had revenues of $3.3 billion. future. "For the first time," said Reynolds in Again breaking ground as one of the few In addition to establishing facilities the Time article, "there will be enough alu- women to become a technology partner in a worldwide, Reynolds Jr. popularized its fa- minum for major potential users to consider top-tier venture capital firm, her mantra was mous Reynolds Wrap Aluminum Foil, trans- its use on a large scale" — from guardrails and to get the "faster, bet- light poles to home siding. ter, cheaper" compa- Again breaking ground Reynolds Metals merged with rival nies, as she told the as one of the first women Alcoa in 1999, about 20 years after Reynolds' New York Times. Those to venture into venture death in 1980. companies were usually capital in Silicon Valley, L The Reynolds Foundation headed by first-time entrepreneurs, as she Quindlen's mantra was noticed the best ones of to get the "faster, better, the personal computer cheaper" companies. era — like Microsoft and Cisco — were. In 2000, Time-Warner published her memoir, Confessions of a Venture Capitalist: L Inside the High-Stakes World of Start-Up Financing. Neither confessions nor a nostalgic look back, it became a primer for how to in- vest post-boom. Quindlen advocated not just looking at successes, but examining failed companies to see what not to do (Wired mag- azine suggested a more apt title would be 101 Things CEOs Do to Screw Up Companies). Her "don'ts" were hiring the wrong people in key positions, thinking too small to avoid risk, telling backers only what they want to hear, believing the competition is ignorant, and fo- cusing solely on money. Red Pointe WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 55 Matthew Jordan Smith, People Magazine, 2005 1995 Wharton launched SPIKE, an innovative student intranet service recognized as one of the earliest enterprise information portals. AN EAR FOR leadership, Elektra enjoyed a nearly decade- tion at Buddah Records to get her foot in the long run with such chart-topping, award-win- door. Over the next several years, Rhone won TALENT AND A MIND ning artists as Missy Elliott, Metallica, Jet, a succession of promotions, taking on broader FOR BUSINESS Fabolous, Tracy Chapman, and Jason Mraz, responsibilities in 1986 with her appointment SYLVIA M. RHONE, W'74 among others. as vice president/general manager of Atlantic's Rhone exited that post in March 2004 Black Music Operation. Two years later she YLVIA RHONE'S SKILL in when Elektra was dismantled by Warner, its was promoted to senior vice president of At- S picking the hottest superstars parent company. Today she is president and has pushed record label rev- executive vice president of Motown enues as well as chart hits to the Records/Universal Records, with direct re- peak of her industry. Today she is a recording include Stevie Wonder, Erykah Badu, and industry luminary, having Michael McDonald. risen to the top ranks of a male- dominated industry as the first black female CEO of a major Under Rhone's leader- sponsibility for the Motown label, whose stars Raised in New York's Harlem, Rhone began her career with a trainee po- lantic Records. In 1990, she was named CEO/President of Atlantic's new East/West Records America division, and later chairman as well. Often cited for her skill in picking the hottest super- stars, Rhone helped fuel the rapid growth of East/West's Black Music Division, where from March 1988 to May 1990, revenues in- creased by 400 percent. record company. Rhone led one ship, Elektra enjoyed a sition at a large Among her most significant recent pro- of Warner Music Group's most nearly decade-long run New York City jects at Motown: coaxing into completion prestigious labels as chairman with such chart-topping, bank. Within a Stevie Wonder's A Time to Love, released in and CEO of the Elektra Enter- award-winning artists as year, Rhone quit October 2005 and his first studio album in a tainment Group, where she her banking job decade. guided the consolidation of four Missy Elliott, Metallica, to pursue her labels into the Elektra Enter- Jet, Fabolous, Tracy passion for tainment Group. Under her Chapman, and Jason music, taking a Mraz, among others. secretarial posi- 56 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S DEAL-MAKER WHO BUILT A NATIONAL MEDIA COMPANY BRIAN L. ROBERTS, W'81 ORKING FOR and with W his father's company was the only job Brian Roberts ever really wanted. The fourth of five children for Ralph Roberts, W'41, HON' 05, he read The Wall Street Journal in high school and was fascinated by the stock market. Jeff Christensen, Reuters, 2003 At Wharton, few of his classmates would have guessed that Roberts would become the major player who turned Comcast into a nationwide media company through aggressive acquisi- tions, innovative content creation, and tech- nology investments. "The cable industry was still relatively small then, so it wasn't like I was being in America with 24.2 million cable-TV groomed for this big corporate job," says A PIONEER ON customers, 11.5 million high-speed internet the CEO and chairman of Comcast Corp. "I CABLE'S FRONTIERS customers, and nearly 2.5 million voice was just a kid who wanted to work for his RALPH J. ROBERTS, W'41, HON'05 customers. It is the nation's leading provider dad's business." of cable, entertainment, and communications Today he has built his "dad's business" COMCAST CORP.'S prospects are tied to products and services. into the largest cable-television operator in the founder Ralph Roberts' all-too-logical belief Like most of today's large cable compa- nation, with 24.2 million cable customers, that Americans love television and sports nies, Comcast grew through internal growth 11.5 million high-speed Internet customers, more than just about anything. and acquisitions. It has always aligned itself and 2.5 million voice customers. Its content Ralph Roberts founded Comcast in with promising young companies. In 1986, networks and investments include E! Enter- 1963 with the purchase of American Cable for instance, Franklin Mint founder Joe Segel, tainment Television, Style Network, The Golf Systems, a community antenna TV system in W'51 (see p. 61), called on Ralph Roberts Channel, VERSUS, G4, AZN Television, Tupelo, MS. He had acquired an en- with an idea for a television shopping PBS KIDS Sprout, TV One, and four regional trepreneurial streak after growing up during channel. Ralph Roberts, wowed by Segel's Comcast SportsNets, as well as majority own- the Depression, when track record as a serial ership in Comcast Spectacor, owner of the his once-affluent fam- Today Comcast is the entrepreneur, agreed to be a Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the ily lost everything. nation's leading provider founding investor in the Philadelphia 76ers NBA basketball team, and "My father died, and of cable, entertainment business and feature it on two large Philadelphia arenas. we lost all our money," Comcast's cable systems. Roberts, who became Comcast's presi- he told the New York and communications Comcast acquired control- dent in 1990, CEO in 2002 and chairman in Times in 1997. "Peo- products and services. ling interest of QVC in 2004, has led that growth via a dizzy- ple who never had a 1995, later selling its inter- ing array of ever-greater deals, from financial problem in est to Liberty Media for programming content channels to their lives can never understand what terror $7.9 billion. In 2001, AT&T Broadband the historic 2002 acquisition of there is in that." agreed to sell its cable unit to Comcast for AT&T Broadband, which nearly tripled its He began his business career as market- $47 billion in stock and $25 billion in subscriber count. Roberts' belief that the fu- ing vice president of Muzak Corp. and was assumed debt. That historic deal, by far the ture of the cable industry was in the broad- then recruited by Pioneer Suspender Com- largest ever in the cable business, was com- band platform was a key to the company's pany in the same role. Later, with the help of pleted in November 2002 and gave the rapid growth. In recent years, he has aggres- the Philadelphia National Bank, he purchased company over 21 million cable subscribers in sively pursued high-profit services such as Pioneer, which manufactured belts, wallets, 41 states, more than twice that of its closest digital video, high-speed data, and voice. jewelry, and other men's accessories. Roberts competitor, Time Warner Cable. For his efforts, he has been honored by traded in fashion for cable to purchase Amer- A key to Comcast's ability to maintain a Institutional Investor as one of the nation's top ican Cable Systems. He then asked Julian family-like culture is due in part to Roberts' CEOs for four years in a row. Brodsky and Dan Aaron to join him. In 1969, decision to create two classes of stock which the company was renamed Comcast. It went allowed for voting control by a member of the public in 1972. family. Today, Brian L. Roberts, W'81, son Today, Comcast is one of the most of Ralph Roberts, is Chairman and CEO important and influential media companies of Comcast. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 57 L A FINANCIAL INNOVATOR WHO MODERNIZED RISK MANAGEMENT CHARLES S. SANFORD JR., WG'60 THE LATE 1980s and early 1990s were turbulent times for the banking industry, but Charles S. Sanford Jr. was determined to advance Bankers Trust when he became chairman in 1987, and trans- form it from a second-tier lender into the highly profitable business of trading and custom dealing. Terry Business School During his tenure, Bankers Trust became a leader in challenging the status quo, instituting Boston College changes that were subsequently adopted broadly by the banking industry. These included: creating a process for measuring risk (RAROC), which be- L came the foundation for reg- ulatory standards to measure SPECIALTY RETAILER RAROC is the corner- bank capital adequacy; acting MADE MALLS BOOM stone of modern risk as placement agent and then FRANCIS C. ROONEY JR., W'43 management and deriva- underwriter for issuers of tives are the fastest commercial paper and, subse- RANK ROONEY used to tell everyone who would listen growing financial market quently, entry into the debt F that the way to do good business was hands-on and with — a testament to and equity markets in com- as few executives as possible. In the 1980s, as its sales grew Sanford's determination petition with investment to $7 billion, Rooney's Melville Corp. had but seven exec- banks; conceiving and devel- utives at its Harrison, NY, headquarters. "I'm allergic to to make banking more oping the business of the memos," he often said. He would regularly log 50,000 dynamic and innovative. origination and distribution miles a year visiting the businesses he acquired and built in of loans that included the dis- his 23 years as he created a retail conglomerate. tribution of loans to other market participants, which was the forerun- In 1964, when Rooney took over as president at ner to the establishment of an active secondary market for loans; Melville, it was a $180 million company primarily consist- developing dynamic businesses around transaction processing services, ing of the discount shoe chain, Thom McAn, and some of which had previously been provided as an appendage to lending rela- its manufacturers. But Rooney foresaw the rise of specialty tionship; and becoming an architect of the modern use of derivatives, retailing as the first post-World War II suburbanites nestled quite com- which are now used by corporations and institutions worldwide to fortably in their communities. Melville bought or created such chains manage risk. as Chess King, for boys and men's clothing; Foxmoor, for young RAROC is the cornerstone of modern risk management and women's apparel; Kay-Bee, for toys; Linens n' Things, for sheets and derivatives are the fastest growing financial market — a testament to San- home wares; Marshall's, for off-price clothing, and CVS, for drugs ford's determination to make banking more dynamic and innovative. and cosmetics. Upon Sanford's retirement in 1996, Bankers Trust Director While department stores may have anchored malls, Hamish Maxwell, retired chairman and chief executive officer of Rooney saw Melville's portfolio of specialty stores as a Philip Morris Companies, Inc. (now known as Altria Group, Inc.), said, big draw. He would often have five or more speaking for the board: "Charlie Sanford Melville stores in a mall, giving him clout in rents has been the principal architect of what has and sales during the big mall boom of the 1960s, 1996 been recognized during his chairmanship 1970s, and 1980s. as one of the most innovative and prof- Rooney's theory was that specialty stores Wharton and Penn's itable global financial institutions." could control inventory better than department School of Nursing A former Wharton Overseer, Sanford stores, since the latter had to have many categories, once told Wharton MBA students at a where his stores could concentrate on trends in just established a new convocation that it was in their interests to one. In many cases, especially shoes, Melville also practice what he called "enlightened capi- owned the manufacturer, making it even easier to undergraduate joint talism," that is, "a capitalism that will cre- control the inventory. ate a surplus and reinvest in social and When Rooney retired as CEO in 1987, he was degree, the Program material productive capacity for poster- by succeeded by CVS founder, Stanley Goldstein, in Nursing and Health ity.… Enlightened capitalism is a system W'55 (see p. 22). In 1991, Rooney emerged from that responds to general human needs retirement to return to the shoe business as chair- Care Management. while serving individual human aspira- man for H.H. Brown Shoe Co., to succeed Ray W. tions — certainly including personal Heffernan, the late father of his wife Frances. financial security." 58 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S and long-time family firm Otis Elevator, which was consumed by conglomerate TRANSFORMED THE United Technologies. TRUCKING INDUSTRY Schindler decided that his fam- WITH TECHNOLOGY ily's firm needed to become an DONALD SCHNEIDER, WG'61 acquirer — or it would find itself ac- quired. He created a five-member acquisi- DEREGULATION IN the 1980s could have tion team and began divesting 15 non-core killed Schneider National trucking, but businesses, such as those that built bank safes, Donald Schneider was determined that if he cranes, and machine tools, then set about could stay ahead of his newly deregulated buying smaller competitors worldwide. competitors, he could survive and thrive. In 1980 the executive committee engineered Instead of fighting deregulation, he thought, The Schindler Foundation the first-ever industrial joint venture in he would find the best ways to innovate. China. In 1989, Schindler acquired Westing- Under Schneider's leadership, Schneider house's entire North American elevator and National became the largest full-load trucking escalator business. Acquisitions throughout company in North America. the 1990s in Russia, Hungary, and Turkey His father Al had started the company by L further strengthened the company's market selling the family car, and since the younger domination. Schneider joined the company in 1961, he HIS ACQUISITIONS Though his company is listed on the had grown it steadily through acquisition. But ELEVATED A Swiss stock exchange, Schindler's aversion to it was Donald Schneider's embrace of tech- becoming a takeover target has limited his nology that transformed the company. FAMILY BUSINESS ability to quickly raise capital. "We do not Schneider National was the first big TO NEW HEIGHTS move like a large U.S. or UK company," he trucking company to use satellite tracking for ALFRED N. SCHINDLER, WG'78 told the South China Morning Post. "We have its trucks and their loads. He was the first less access to capital and cannot take big steps trucking executive to use scientific logistics, HE Schindler Elevator one after the other." making sure each truck was filled and not just T Company moves more than 700 million people per day. Alfred Schindler has run and majority owned the fiercely inde- pendent Swiss elevator and escalator company for more than 20 years. The company was founded in 1874 in Lucerne, Switzerland, by Robert Schindler, He sees no reason to change the course of running traditional routes. In a conservative history by lessening his family's control of the industry, Schneider wasn't afraid to commit company. "We have tried to keep it in the family and so far it has worked." Schneider was the When Schindler started at the com- first trucking execu- pany, the market cap was CHF 220 tive to use scientific million; as of February 2007, it was CHF 10.5 billion. logistics, making sure off. With smart Schindler is a member of Whar- each truck was filled to upfront costs if he be- lieved in the potential pay- investments, Schneider was who later sold it to a nephew — Alfred ton's Executive Board for Europe, and not just running so far ahead of Schindler's grandfather. Today, Schindler Africa, and the Middle East. traditional routes. the curve that Group is the largest supplier of escalators and it created a new the second-largest manufacturer of elevators business area: selling its logistics programs to worldwide, with 43,000 employees and oper- other industries. ations on five continents. Schneider made human investments as Though tempted by investment banking well. He advocated giving employees flexibil- after graduating from Wharton, Schindler ity, and his investment in logistics technology returned to the family firm. He set about allowed more drivers to set their own routes redesigning the company. At Wharton he with greater efficiency. And he made work L learned that many top companies — in any more comfortable: Schneider National essen- given industry — don't survive long-term. tially created the modern truck stop at the Then there was the fate of American rival company's Memphis hub, where drivers had showers, game areas, and even bedrooms for long-haul trips. In the process, he took Schneider National, a $35 million regional carrier out of Wisconsin when he succeeded his father as CEO in 1974, to a multibillion-dollar na- Schneider Trucking Company tional power. When he retired in 2002, the company employed 19,000 people and had more than 42,000 trailers delivering goods each day. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 59 HE EUROPEANIZED ALLIANZ HENNING SCHULTE-NOELLE, WG'73 L R. Henning Schulte-Noelle D has long been considered one of the most powerful figures Allianz Group in German finance. After practicing law for a year, he began at German insurance powerhouse Allianz in 1975, and quietly rose to become, in 1991, the seventh chairman MARKETING GENIUS of the board since the company was founded a FOR PEPSI AND APPLE century before. JOHN SCULLEY III, WG'63 During his tenure, Schulte-Noelle saw Allianz move from a predominantly national, JOHN SCULLEY has become famous for his to sell sugar water all your life, or do you want rather traditional insurance concern to a role in catapulting Pepsi and Apple into two to change the world?" worldwide, full-service finance conglomerate. of the world's best-known brands. The Macintosh had not yet been intro- Schulte-Noelle led Allianz through 12 years of For Sculley, the 1980s and early 1990s duced. At the time, computers were sold growth toward becoming the world's largest were heady, heated days of BusinessWeek largely based on their technology features. insurance company. He executed the conver- covers and accolades ranging from Man of The difference for Apple, says Sculley, was sion of formerly state-owned monopolistic the Year (Financial World) and CEO of the their goal to create what Jobs called an "in- insurers in Eastern Germany and made Decade (Financial News Network) to Adver- sanely great consumer experience." "On the Allianz the leading international insurer in tising Man of the Year (Adweek and Ad Age). one hand, Apple might have missed some- East Europe. He led the acquisition of Swiss As Pepsi CEO he created the Pepsi thing big by not being a technology licensing Re's main insurance group. He took over Challenge taste test advertising campaign in company, but that's not the business we were France's AGF, opening up markets for Allianz 1980, initiated from Sculley's own research. in," Sculley told Wharton Alumni Magazine. in dozens of countries. He expanded Allianz The campaign was a cultural phenomenon "We were in the business of marketing the operations in the Far East. He led important that significantly increased experience." expansions into diverse economic services tak- Pepsi's market share. "We were in the Macintosh become the ing over PIMCO and other well-known asset Apple Computer business of market- number-one selling per- managers in the U.S. founder Steve Jobs then re- ing the experience." sonal computer in the world Schulte-Noelle's mild-mannered de- cruited Sculley as CEO in during Sculley's tenure as meanor belies his bold business stance. In 1983, asking him in a now- CEO, ending in 1993. 1998 he told Wharton Alumni Magazine: "I famous line, "Do you want Today, nearly 15 years strongly support an entrepreneurial later, Wharton marketing attitude, which should allow people L professor John Zhang describes Sculley as to make mistakes. If we don't take "one of the pioneering marketers in technolo- risks, we don't achieve." gies, if not the pioneering marketer. He was In 2003 Schulte-Noelle moved behind one of the first to bring professional market- the scenes to head up the supervisory board. ing skills to an industry that was R&D and At the time, Allianz was recovering from losses production driven and market technology following the breakdown of the financial mar- products like consumer goods." In turn, Scul- kets and its 2001 takeover of ailing Dresdner ley cites Wharton Marketing Professor Wroe Bank. At the time Schulte-Noelle said, "We Alderson (see p. 3) as a key influence on his have learned the right lessons from this experi- marketing methods. ence." In the intervening years, Allianz has Now a venture partner at Rho Capital proved it through a cross-border merger with Partners in New York City, Sculley told its big subsidiary Italian Riunione Adriatica Wharton Alumni Magazine, "What makes all di Sicurtà (RAS) S.p.A. into Allianz AG and of this fun is when you are out on the edge. the conversion into a European Company — Sure you have the risk of making mistakes and Allianz SE. getting the wind knocked out of you. But Schulte-Noelle is a member of Wharton's then you also have the chance to be around Courtesy of John Sculley, 2006 Executive Board for Europe, Africa, and the when these really cool things are just starting Middle East. to happen before anyone has perspective of what they might turn into. That's the real reward." 60 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S 'KING OF THE START- Company founder Barry Diller succeeded Segel as head of QVC, buying most of Segel's UPS' AT FRANKLIN shares in the company. MINT AND QVC "If you're the easier alternative, you'll do JOSEPH M. SEGEL, W'51 well," says Segel. "QVC made it easier for people to shop than going to the mall. Mak- Reuters, Scanpix, 2002 F YOU want a home run, you have ing things easier for consumers is a pretty good formula." Segel clearly prefers starting I to keep going up to bat. That's one of many lessons from the remark- able career of Joseph Segel, the un- stoppable entrepreneur who hit two homers more than 20 years apart. When Segel retired in 1993, he was inducted into the Direct Marketing Hall of Fame; later that year, a Forbes magazine pro- file dubbed him "King of the Startups." businesses to running them. But thanks to a habit of cultivating his successor shortly after starting a new business, many of his ventures continued to thrive long after he moved on to his next idea. The Philadelphia-based Adver- tising Specialty Institute, which he started as a Wharton undergrad over 50 years ago, is still going strong. L rebuilding bridges is possible. Two-thirds of the Israeli and Palestinian public think there is no alternative but That's because in a career spanning over peace. This is my source of hope. five decades, Segel founded 22 different The people are sick and tired of violent conflict. They want to build companies in fields as diverse as publishing, A PALESTINIAN bridges." minting, photography, aviation, software, hospitality, television broadcasting, and be- VOICE FOR PEACE And despite ongoing setbacks, Shaath's havioral modification. NABEEL A. SHAATH, WG'61, GR'65, passion and commitment to finding a peace- The Franklin Mint was his first big hit. HON'96 ful resolution is resolute. Founded in 1964 to make sterling-silver When the Palestinian Authority was es- commemorative medals, the company even- NABEEL SHAATH has devoted decades his tablished in 1994, Shaath was its first minister tually branched out into other high-quality life working toward peace between the Israelis of planning and international cooperation. collectibles, including the award-winning and Palestinians. His worked to boost the area's economy by "100 Greatest Books of All Time" series. "If I am here today, it is because I still signing a free trade agreement with its neigh- With Segel at the helm, it also became the have a dream," Shaath, the former deputy bors and with the U.S. and Canada, and es- only private mint entrusted to produce the prime minister and minister of information tablishing an association agreement with the official currency for several nations, including for the Palestinian National Authority, told EU. "I was proud of the fact that we had be- the Philippines. an audience at the 2006 Wharton Global come independent after the end of the Soviet It wasn't until 1986 that Segel launched Alumni Forum in Istanbul. "I still think that era, and that we started with no debts to any- his greatest commercial success: QVC Net- body. We depended totally on our private sec- work, now a home-shopping behemoth tor, and initially we did well, with 6 percent to worth about $20 billion. Having trounced 1997 8 percent growth in GDP," he said. more than 20 other televised shop- Shaath headed the PLO's first delegation ping networks over the years, QVC Wharton released its to the United Nations in 1974. In 1991, has three times the annual sales of Shaath was a member of the Madrid Peace its predecessor and nearest rival, web-based Wharton Delegation and later was involved in negotia- tions with Israel that led to the signing of HSN (Home Shopping Network). Research Data Services the Oslo Agreements. From 1993 to 1995, Traditional ad-driven networks took serious notice: media mogul and Fox Broadcasting (WRDS). Enabling easy he served as the head of the Palestinian nego- tiation team, and participated in later negoti- L retrieval of financial ations with Israel. He has also represented Occupied Palestine at the World Economic and marketing data, it Forum. is licensed to top busi- Prior to his political career, Shaath founded Team International, a professional ness schools and insti- management and consulting company, and the Arab Center for Administrative Develop- tutions worldwide and ment in Beirut and Cairo, which did training and consulting. As a public planning and becomes the de facto transportation consultant, Shaath worked standard for quantita- extensively throughout the Arab world, estab- lishing both the Engineering and Manage- tive business research. ment Institute and the Center for Administrative Development, which offers management training in 14 offices through- out the Arab world. QVC, 2006 WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 61 Siebert Brandford Shank, 2006 L THE ENTREPRENEUR OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT EDWARD B. SHILS, W'36, G'37, GR'40, L'86, GL'90, GRL'97, PROFESSOR WHARTON MANAGEMENT Professor Ed Shils founded the Wharton Entrepreneurial Center (now the Sol C. Snider Center), the first center of its kind in the nation, cement- ing his reputation as a guru for startups. At age 87, Edward B. Shils still had legions of young people troup- L ing through his Center City Philadelphia Wharton Alumni Magazine, 1996 office for advice, which he dispensed freely and for free. COMMUNITY The George W. Taylor Professor Emeri- BUILDER, tus of Entrepreneurial Management at Whar- ton was the son of a Philadelphia cigar maker PUBLIC FINANCE who came to Penn from Simon Gratz High SPECIALIST School in 1933, the worst year of the Depres- SUZANNE SHANK, WG'87 sion. He was a baseball star there, but had to give up the sporting dream when he started UZANNE SHANK had orig- personal service those smaller investors prized. floundering in school. S communities. inally thought she would be a And then there were the cases where investors groundbreaker in engineering wanted minority firms to help them market — perhaps one of the first bonds. black women to build sub- marines for General Dynam- Detroit water department, the city of ics. Instead, she with municipal bonds to build bond businesses is to The Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, the engineers deals Shank's byword in the cultivate relationships Philadelphia, Ann Arbor and Detroit public schools, the city of Oak- He got three Penn degrees during the Depression (he later earning three more while in his 70s) and returned to Wharton as a teacher and administrator in 1955. He chaired the Industry Department from 1960 to 1963 with legendary professor George W. Taylor (see p. 66), was the chairman of the Management Department from 1968 to 1976, authored or co-authored six books and As president, CEO, and co- in many different land, the states of more than 100 research articles on public fi- founder of municipal bond Connecticut and nance, collective bargaining, entrepreneur- specialist Siebert Brandford areas, rather than Ohio all came to ship, and labor-management relations. Shank & Co., Shank has over- depending on big con- Siebert Brandford But Shils considered his real seen transactions for the state tributors to finance Shank & Co. for baby the Wharton Entrepreneurial of Connecticut for more than the bonds. representation in Center, which he started in 1973. $981 million and for more than the marketplace. Having his own consulting business $3 billion for the Detroit Water Shank's by- for years while teaching, he wanted Board, including the largest deal ever for word in the bond businesses is to cultivate re- students to get to the reality of Detroit Water — $1.14 billion — issued in lationships in many different areas, rather how to be innovative and en- August 2006, among her recent deals. The than depending on big contributors to trepreneurial. He got seed money from firm has $51 billion in total managed issues. finance the bonds. She is an advocate of friends in the business world and used the In 1997, Shank and a colleague, G. pre-marketing — getting financing set up be- Center to bring in speakers and teachers who Napoleon Brandford, decided to team with fore the actual sale date of the bonds, which proved, he said in 2001, that doing well, even another Wall Street groundbreaker, Muriel ends up getting more backers who want a in the corporate world, means being different Siebert, the first female member of the piece of the obligation, a hallmark of Siebert than the norm. New York Stock Exchange, to capitalize on Brandford Shank. "You have to allow people the latitude to their knowledge of the municipal bond In 2006 Black Enterprise Magazine fail," said Shils, who died in 2004. "You have market. Shank's strength was providing the named Shank one of the "50 Most Powerful to hire people with a tolerance for ambiguity. Black Women in Business" and one of the You don't just have rules. You have people "75 Most Influential Blacks on Wall Street." who interpret the rules for success. Jack Based in Detroit, she has established an in- Welch, Ted Turner, all these men we admire ternship program there — the Detroit Sum- had that tolerance for ambiguity. They mer Finance Institute — opening careers in formed borderless cultures within the corpo- high finance to underprivileged city students. rate world." 62 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S DECISION-MAKER FOR A DEAL FACTORY ALVIN V. SHOEMAKER, W'60, HON'95 WHARTON first 1999 Knowledge@ N THE 1980s Alvin Shoemaker helped I build First Boston into what Fortune Wharton was launched, called "the archetypal deal factory." A de- the first web-based cisive but courtly leader, as chairman Shoemaker brought balance to a firm resource of its kind, known for its aggressiveness and its tactical innovation in takeover battles. offering business analy- J.R. Simplot, 2006 After graduating from Wharton, Shoe- sis and research to maker earned a law degree from the University of Michigan in 1963. He landed jobs with thought leaders around the U.S. Treasury and the Investment the world. L Bankers Association before joining First Scott Simplot has often clashed with his Boston as vice 98-year-old father over the years. The son president in 1969. returned from Wharton in 1973 to become University Archives He departed First HE PUT THE director of planning and information technol- Boston in 1978 to ogy. At the time, analysts estimated that become president 'BUSINESS' INTO 40 percent of Simplot's profits came from and CEO of Blyth AGRIBUSINESS supplying McDonald's with fries. Eastman Paine SCOTT R. SIMPLOT, WG'73 The company was diversifying based on Webber, returning to First Boston in 1981, Jack's insights, and not all were successful. becoming board chairman in 1983. " YOU HAVE TO understand that out here, J.R. Simplot had hits — investing in Micron During the 1980s, First Boston earned farmers had sons so that the sons could run Technologies — and misses — including $200 million in fees by orchestrating the lever- the farm," Scott Simplot told the Wall Street goldmines in the Dominican Republic and aged buyout of Federated Stores. The firm Journal in 2004. "Our coconut plantations in also was involved with Texaco's hostile farm was a little bigger Simplot instead argued Colombia. Scott instead takeover of Getty Oil in 1985 — a year when than average, but the idea the numbers for com- argued the numbers for the firm handled $60 billion in merger and still applies." puter upgrades, tighter computer upgrades, tighter acquisition deals. Since 2001, Simplot budgets, and diversifi- budgets, and diversifica- In 1986 First Boston put up nearly has been chairman of J. R. tion based on strategy and $2 billion to help its client Campeau Corp., a Simplot Company, the cation based on strat- earnings, not hunches. The Canadian real estate developer, win control of Boise, ID, agribusiness egy and earnings, not numbers won out. Allied Stores Corp. — "the first time an founded by his father and hunches. The numbers After years of uneven investment banking firm has agreed one of the largest pri- won out. results, the Simplot to put up billions of dollars to help vately held firms in the Company is back on track. its client win a hostile takeover country. In this role, he In 2006, the company fight … [producing] some of the has brought in outside management and reduced debt, posted solid revenues of biggest merger fees ever earned in a begun running the agribusiness with fiscal $3.3 billion, and improved operating income single deal," wrote David Vise, W'82, discipline. That has meant standardizing ac- for the fourth consecutive year. WG'83 (see p. 70) in a Washington Post article. counting, shutting inefficient plants, limiting By 1987, First Boston's M & A group, the size of cattle herds, and cutting jobs when did more deals than any other Wall Street necessary. Other actions include expansion house, but the company's aggressive stance in Asia and Australia, including the 2003 put it into jeopardy. Shoemaker helped lead purchase of control of John West Food, an the deal to merge First Boston with Credit Australian canned-fish brand. Suisse First Boston, its European affiliate, and The company's founder, Jack Simplot, is to take the combined entity private. He retired an out-sized Boise legend — an innovator as chairman of the board in 1989. who bought a potato sorter in 1928 and Shoemaker also led the University of turned it into the biggest potato sorting oper- Pennsylvania's ascension in the 1990s by help- ation in Idaho. The company expanded into ing Penn raise more than $1 billion in capital dried onions, fish farms, and hamburger funds as chairman of the Board of Trustees. patties, hitting the big time in 1946 when a A recipient of an honorary doctorate from company chemist developed a new technique Penn in 1995 and founder of his own invest- for processing frozen French fries. ment firm, he is also a Wharton Overseer. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 63 The Hindu, 2006 A NEW VOICE IN A TRADITION-BOUND INDUSTRY MALLIKA SRINIVASAN, WG'85 L S CEO OF CHENNAI, A India-based Tractors and Farm Equipment (Tafe), Mallika Srini- vasan leads a traditional manufacturing business, but she is not a tradi- tional leader. In her two decades as a leader at Tafe, she has trans- formed the company through innovative products and processes, multiplying revenue by a factor of 30. In 1986, soon after getting her Wharton John Abbott, 1999 degree, she returned to India to take on the challenge of running a dusty, fading part of her family's business. Her father, industri- alist A. Sivasailam, chairman of the Amalga- mations Group, wanted to see what she L could do with Tafe, then a small part of pled and humane view to business. She has Steinhardt Partners with William Salomon, Amalgamations. made an effort to increase the number of former managing partner of Salomon Bros., "I had the freedom of choice in a lot of women engineers and workers in her facto- and Jack Nash, founder of Odyssey Partners. other things, but not in choosing the line of ries, saying that diversity is an essential prereq- In his autobiography, No Bull: My Life business," she told the Economic Times. "He uisite for innovation. In and Out of Markets, Steinhardt wrote about believed that I could learn a lot here." "Profits are important, but only for the industry: "Speculative joy, the joy derived Srinivasan knew that India, despite its sustaining a business," she said in a recent from being right and being rewarded may well growth as a powerful industrial and technical Economic Times profile, when they picked her be similar to the rush felt by a winning gam- services eco- as 2006 Businesswoman of the bler. I was happier when pursuing success nomic force, "Business has a larger Year. "You don't need to love than I was when savoring its fruits; the attrac- was still es- purpose … business can money to run a business. You have tion, perhaps the addiction, was in the pro- sentially an operate well only in the to have a dream to build an institu- cess, as much as in its end." agricultural social context of educated tion, to build centres of excellence, For three decades investors admired nation. But to create a great team. Business has Steinhardt's big personality and even bigger and healthy people." that didn't a larger purpose … business can financial gains. "He pioneered the no- mean that operate well only in the social con- tion that down days in the market Tafe's tractors had to be so old-fashioned — text of educated and healthy people." were no excuses for losing money," even farmers wanted newer and more sophis- former hedge fund manager and Mad Money ticated equipment. television-show host Jim Cramer has said. Srinivasan invested revenue back into "He set the bar much higher." research and development. Tafe introduced TURNED A former member of Wharton's Under- new models of tractors and other farm equip- RISK INTO WEALTH graduate Executive Board, Steinhardt is also ment almost annually, just as the car compa- MICHAEL STEINHARDT, W'60 an active philanthropist. In 1994 he founded nies do. She focused on re-engineering its the Jewish Life Network/Steinhardt Founda- processes and invested heavily in enterprise NAMED ONE OF Business Standard's "seven tion, which seeks to revitalize Jewish identity resource planning. all-time best investors," Michael Steinhardt, through educational, religious, and cultural And it paid off. Revenues increased from founder of Steinhardt Partners, was the son of initiatives. One of Steinhardt's most success- less than US $20 million in 1986 to US $660 a high-stakes gambler in New York. Stein- ful efforts has been the Birthright Israel pro- million in 2006. Along the way, Srinivasan hardt transformed that risk-taking impulse gram, which brings young Jews for their first masterminded the acquisition of a rival into high finance success by thriving in the visit to Israel. company in early 2005. Tafe is now second often-wild world of hedge funds. Steinhardt is now chairman of Wisdom in market share in India, generating brand Steinhardt himself began conservatively Tree Investments, a venture begun by loyalty among farmers who crave innovative, in business, working at mutual fund group Jonathan Steinberg, W'88, for which technically advanced products. Calvin Bullock and brokerage Loeb Rhoades legendary Wharton professor Jeremy Siegel Srinivasan, whose company runs schools after graduating. Then in 1967 he co-founded serves as Senior Investment Strategy Advisor. and hospitals in Chennai, also brings a princi- the hedge fund company eventually known as 64 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S HE CHANGED 1999 HOW AMERICA ATE The first Wharton VERNON STOUFFER, W'23 Business Plan HEN VERNON Stouffer, W L the originator of pre- Competition winners mium-priced home-style were announced. The frozen foods, was 15, his parents opened a stand in annual event became downtown Cleveland, sell- ing buttermilk and Mrs. a university-wide Stouffer's special hot Dutch apple pie. With "just like Mom used to make" as the testing ground for business standard, Vern Stouffer opened a innovative business lunch counter back home in Ohio a year after graduating from the Wharton School, but that concepts. was just the beginning. His restaurant, hotel, and frozen-food company was valued at $120 Nestle, circa 1969 million when it merged with microwave maker Litton Industries in 1967, and went on to be- came part of world food conglomerate Nestlé. He told Time magazine in late 1962, "You can't delegate quality control." Stouf- fer's was one of the first restaurant chains to use a test kitchen, where the boss tasted all HE DEFINED the School's Board of Overseers. He earned the recipes before they went on the menu. the Distinguished Service Award from the Stouffer would also slip anonymously into one 'SUSTAINED Wharton Alumni Association in 1997 and the of his restaurants and test the food, then coach LEADERSHIP' Dean's Medal in 2003. In addition, he was the cook if necessary. MICHAEL L. TARNOPOL, W'58 Vice Chair of Penn's Board of Trustees and Stouffer kept his ears and eyes open for founded the Penn Club of New York, along new trends and took risks. During the Great AT A TIME WHEN most people start to slow with his wife, Lynne, CW'60. Depression, he expanded his restaurant busi- down, Michael Tarnopol decided to try his Tarnopol's other civic and professional ness while other business owners circled the hand at a difficult and dangerous sport —polo. leadership positions were extensive, including wagons. Later, when customers told him they That was in 1979, when Tarnopol — known service on the boards of Memorial Sloan- were taking meals home and freezing them for familiarly as Mickey — was 42 years old. Kettering Cancer Center and CaPCURE, future enjoyment, he wasted no time expand- But for this global business leader, who which was founded by Michael Milken, ing this novel idea into a huge venture that was vice chairman of the International Bank- WG'70 (see p. 42). Tarnopol was the 1996 re- outlived the original restaurant chain. To ing Division of Bear, Stearns & Co., his love cipient of the American Jewish Committee's help expand the frozen-foods busi- of polo began to blossom when he worked as a Herbert H. Lehman Human Relations Award. ness, he ensured Stouffer's prod- stable boy as a young man. Many years later Tarnopol died in 2005. ucts would get prime placement by Tarnopol rediscovered his interest in horses guaranteeing to increase grocers' through his daughter, Lisa, C'85, a top junior profits in one month. equestrian. He went on to form his own polo After World War II, Stouffer saw the team, sponsored by Revlon, and won every suburbs booming and put his new restaurants major tournament in the U.S., except for the there. As skyscrapers became more prevalent U.S. Open Polo Championship. He retired L at mid-century, he opened numerous top- from the sport in 1998 at age 61. floor restaurants in them. His success on the polo field was an In 1967, Litton acquired Stouffer Foods extension of the exceptional leadership skills Corp., creating a corporate synergy that fur- he wielded professionally and in service of ther changed the way families ate. The frozen philanthropy. Tarnopol contributed to Bear food company became the first to develop Stearns' success as one of the leading U.S. products specifically for Litton's new high- securities trading, investment banking, and brokerage firms, serving an elite clientele. Wharton Alumni Magazine, 2004 speed microwave ovens, greatly expanding the market for both products. He also made an indelible mark Stouffer, whose family owned the Cleve- on Wharton and Penn. Tarnopol was land Indians baseball team from 1966 to Co-Chair of Wharton's Campaign for 1972, stayed on as chairman of the company Sustained Leadership, the most suc- until it was acquired by Nestlé in 1973. cessful business school campaign He died a year later. in history, as well as a long-time member of WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 65 OPENED BEACHHEAD FOR WOMEN IN ACADEMIA DOROTHY SWAINE THOMAS, PROFESSOR L DOROTHY SWAINE Thomas was a new breed of female academic when she began her career in the mid-1920s: instead of floor- length dresses and tightly-wrapped hair, she wore a bob, tailored clothing, and held a cigarette in a long holder. Unlike many edu- cated women of the prewar generation, she University Archives worked side-by-side with male colleagues. Thomas, Wharton's first female profes- sor, was the most successful woman sociologist of her generation. She co-directed the Study of L Population Redistribution and Eco- Wharton Publications nomic Growth, a key research report that assisted Wharton demographers in FATHER OF AMERICAN creating basic statistical descriptions of Ameri- ARBITRATION can population movements. The study, which GEORGE W. TAYLOR, GRW'30 Thomas co-authored with future Nobel Prize PROFESSOR winner and faculty member Simon Kuznets (see p. 32), broke new ground, revealing the FTEN CALLED THE The strike was the first of 2,000 he tremendous impact of geographic movement O Industrial Peacemaker, would settle. Wharton faculty mem- A staunch believer in the equality of the ber George Taylor left parties in collective bargaining, Taylor served behind a legacy of leader- for more than 40 years at Wharton, at the ship in the field of labor same time playing a critical role as the nation's and industrial relations. "Father of American Arbitration." Despite his Taylor created a whole new discipline with his often quoted statement that he "had chalk in work in labor arbitration, mediation, and his veins" and hated to leave the classroom, other sophisticated forms of alternative Taylor nonetheless served as labor adviser to on the increase in national per capita income. It also paved the way for two new PhD pro- grams at Penn, one in economic history and the other in demography. As young as 22, Thomas was co-author- ing scholarly articles. By 25, she had com- pleted her PhD at the London School of Economics, and two years later collaborated on a book with her future husband, William I. dispute resolution. five U.S. Presidents — Roosevelt, Truman, Thomas, another distinguished founder of Taylor, as a young scholar in his 20s, had Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson — as American sociology. By the end of her career, written his Wharton PhD dissertation on well as a counselor and adviser to numerous Thomas had written or co-authored 10 books, labor relations in the hosiery industry before U.S. Secretaries of Labor. including pioneering studies of the forced becoming one of the most influential "Beneath all his work there lay a strong evacuation and detention of West Coast members of the Industrial Research long-run moral purpose born of his complete Japanese Americans during World War II, Department. When the honesty," said Wharton's writes Robert Bannister of Swarthmore Col- Aberle Hosiery Mills strike A staunch believer in Joseph Willits (see p. lege in a paper about Thomas. erupted, the industry ap- the equality of the 72) of Taylor. "He used Thomas was a methodologist through pointed him "impartial chair- parties in collective to advise students: and through. "(She) helped break the person," allowing him to put bargaining, Taylor 'Never let failure go to grip of the armchair theorizing and his IRD research on collective served for more than your head.' Likewise, Dr. uncritical do-goodism that charac- bargaining into practice. terized much pre-1914 sociology, 40 years at Wharton. Taylor never let success and in the process helped establish go to his head, either." In 1995, Taylor a permanent place for sociology in was posthumously inducted into the U.S. American universities, significant foun- Labor Hall of Fame in a ceremony at the dation support, and a beachhead for women U.S. Department of Labor. He died in 1972. who would enter the discipline in the 1960s," wrote Bannister. "Thomas's considerable in- fluence on studies of the business cycle, on demography, and even on immigration his- tory … set a scholarly standard that transcends generations." 66 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S DREAMER BEHIND A 'BORN-IN-BROOKLYN' EMPIRE LAURENCE A. TISCH, WG'43 AURENCE Tisch didn't waste L time. He graduated from college at 18, and by the age of 20, he had earned a Wharton MBA in industrial management. At age 23 he purchased a 300-room winter resort in Lakewood, NJ, with seed money from his Russian immigrant parents, and he was just getting warmed up. From that single hotel, he and his brother Preston Robert "Bob" Tisch became self-made billionaires who built Loews Corp. into a $70 billion conglomerate. The enter- prises that the two founded and developed were diversified by movie and hotel chains, as well as the natural gas pipeline Texas Gas Transmission, the tobacco company Loril- lard, and the Bulova Watch Co. Laurence Tisch had an "un- canny ability to spot and acquire hugely profitable enterprises," according to Randall Pinkston, a noted corre- spondent for the news division of CBS, a company that Tisch ran as CEO and board chairman beginning in 1986. Noted for cost-cutting measures, Tisch sold CBS to Westinghouse Electric for $5.4 billion in 1995. Born in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, Tisch became a tremendous benefactor with his brother to New York City cultural institu- tions, including his undergraduate alma mater, New York University, which named Jill Kremetz, 1999 the Tisch School of Arts for them. "Hardly a New York institution escaped the brothers' largess," wrote Anna Schneider-Mayerson in a 2000 recent column for the New York Observer. "This is a born-in-Brooklyn dynasty that was Wharton announced characterized by no airs, no pretensions, no Further, the brothers' personalities excessive display of their significant wealth," complemented each other, with Bob more the creation of the said Kathy Wylde, who heads the New York gregarious and visible and Laurence incon- Wharton West campus City Partnership. spicuously handling finances while being "the leader, the spark plug, the dreamer who in San Francisco. would make the dream true," noted NYU's board chairman and fellow Wharton alum- nus, Martin Lipton, W'52 (see p. 38). Laurence Tisch served as a Penn trustee and chairman of NYU's board, as well as led the United Jewish Appeal of New York and other nonprofits. He died in 2003. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 67 THE BEST KNOWN BRAND NAME IN REAL ESTATE DONALD J. TRUMP, W'68 L IT WOULD BE difficult to find a more ubiquitous public business figure of the late 20th and early 21st The Trent family, 1970 centuries than Donald Trump. His name graces casinos in Atlantic City, condos and commercial buildings in New York, TV shows, best-selling books, resorts, television programs, and even a Mup- L pet on Sesame Street. Chris Pizello, Reuters, 2006 Trump took a successful real estate develop- ARCHITECT OF THE ment business started by his father, Fred, and turned it into a multi-faceted company. Along the way, UNITED NEGRO Trump's style has produced doubters, but no one COLLEGE FUND could deny his ability to brand his products, and to WILLIAM J. TRENT JR., WG'32 rise, phoenix-like, from everything from corporate travails to satire. HE ARCHITECT of the United Negro College Fund Trump's main areas of operation have been in Manhattan, where T (UNCF), William Trent Jr. guided the trailblazing he is said to control 18 million square feet of real estate, and Atlantic group during the turbulent Civil Rights years. City, where his Trump Organization runs three casinos, all with his As the first executive director from the organiza- name on them —Trump Plaza, Trump Marina, and Trump Taj Mahal. tion's start in 1944 until 1964, Trent raised $78 million He got his start when he turned a big profit on a Cincinnati apart- for historically black colleges so they could become ment complex his father assigned him after his Wharton graduation in "strong citadels of learning, carriers of the American 1968. He then made use of tax credits the New York City government dream, seedbeds of social evolution and revolution." was doling out in the 1970s to build his portfolio of Manhattan Born in 1910 in Asheville, NC, and raised in Atlanta, Trent was real estate. the son of an early organizer of the NAACP and president of Living- Trump became a celebrity beyond his business dealings with his stone College, a historically black college in Salisbury, NC, where the casino and high-end Manhattan residential investments, successfully younger Trent earned his bachelor's degree. He was one of the courting the press and using first black MBA students at Wharton, where he studied insur- Trump's main areas of television to his advantage. ance under Solomon Huebner (see p. 25). Graduating in 1932 operation have been in He developed a reality show in the midst of the Depression, he later described his possibilities Manhattan, where he is with NBC, The Apprentice, in of securing employment in American industry as "virtually nil." which he offered the winner of said to control 18 million He devoted himself to making opportunities for others. business challenges a six-figure He joined Livingstone College as a professor of economics, and square feet of real estate, job in his organization. At the then served as professor and dean of education at Bennett and Atlantic City, where end of most episodes, he College in Greensboro, NC. In 1938, he became adviser of his Trump Organization eliminated a contestant with Negro Affairs to the Public Works Administration and a race runs three casinos. "You're fired," which became relations officer with the Federal Works Agency under President a catch-word for viewers. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Trump has had brand- In 1944 Trent joined with Tuskegee Institute President name clothing, bottled water, Frederick D. Patterson and Mary McLeod Bethune to found the vodka, golf courses, ice cream, and a travel website. He co-owns the UNCF, a nonprofit that united college presidents to raise money col- Miss Universe pageant with NBC, and has appeared at motivational lectively through an "appeal to the national conscience." seminars for a reported $1 million a shot. He has written several books, Trent was an obvious choice for the executive director's position, starting with Trump: The Art of the Deal, and is a constant guest star on where he became a leading advocate of desegregation. In 1956 Trent network TV shows, recently earning a star on Hollywood's Walk of announced that all of the fund's colleges were open to Fame. Even when he plays himself, each performance is a tour de force. qualified applicants of any race to serve as "islands of democratic participation, both white and Negro citi- zens can come together in full, frank discussion." Trent drew the support of business tycoons and even U.S. presi- dents, including Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy Jr., who as a senator donated the profits from his book Profiles in Courage to the UNCF, and George H.W. Bush, who Trent recruited as Yale's UNCF campus coordinator when the future president was just an undergraduate. Trent died in 1993. 68 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S 2001 The Alfred P. West Jr. Learning Lab estab- lished Wharton as a leader in creating technology-enhanced learning tools for 21st century management education. 'TOPMAN' OF FDR'S BRAIN TRUST REXFORD G. TUGWELL, W'1915, G'16, GR'22 WHEN PRESIDENT Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Rexford Tugwell as Undersecre- tary of Agriculture in 1934, the hearings were so contentious that his opponents and sup- porters variously described them as an inquisi- tion and a crucifixion, and protested that Library of Congress, 1937 Tugwell was being forced to drink hemlock. Time reported that Iowa's Senator Murphy demanded of the well-dressed academician: "Did you ever follow a plow?" "Yes, sir." "Did you ever have mud on your boots?" "Yes, sir." "Do you know how hard it is to get a dollar out of the soil?" "Yes, sir." The answers helped the bril- was the key to he led the department's Resettlement Admin- liant, polished Tugwell win Tugwell believed intense avoiding eco- istration program of photographically docu- confirmation, 53 to 24. planning was the key to nomic and so- menting and relocating the impoverished to Tugwell had worked on avoiding economic and cial upheaval. the "Greenbelt Towns" and outlying areas, his father's fruit farm in upper social upheaval. He once He once said: but resigned due to congressional charges of New York State as a child, but "Make no small socialistic and utopian leanings. his acute asthma had led into said: "Make no small plans, for they Tugwell was then appointed governor of academic life — and eventu- plans, for they have not have not the Puerto Rico by Roosevelt from 1942 to 1946, ally for him to become the the power to move men's power to move revamping its political structure and econ- primary, but controversial souls." men's souls," omy. He exempted taxation on profits derived and dogged architect of Presi- advocating the from Puerto Rican goods sold on the U.S. dent Roosevelt's massive eco- restructuring of mainland, and he initiated free elections, be- nomic and social policy, the the farming in- coming the last appointed colonial Puerto New Deal. dustry to eliminate waste and establishing self- Rico governor. He then returned to teaching At Wharton and Penn, he earned bache- sufficient "Greenbelt Towns." and writing until his death in 1979, leaving an lor's, master's, and PhD degrees in economics Tugwell taught economics before he was indelible mark on America's domestic and and was influenced by Scott Nearing (see p. tapped by Roosevelt to become "topman of economic policies. 46), an economist extremely concerned about the Brain Trust," as described by Time (which poverty. Tugwell believed intense planning in numerous profiles also called him as debonaire, handsome, and curly-haired). Dealing with 200 communities nationwide, WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 69 PROGRESSIVE LEADER 2002 FOR THE PHILIPPINES CESAR VIRATA, WG'53 Jon M. Huntsman Hall TRESSING technological ad- opened. Setting a new S vancement and economic development to achieve social progress, Cesar Virata became one of the Philippine's most progressive prime ministers and finance leaders. standard for state-of- the-art educational facilities, the building's Robert Burke, 2003 Starting as minister of fi- opening marked the nance in 1970, Virata oversaw the Philippines' culmination of the budget and restructured debt while dealing with international monetary institutions. Yet, Campaign for Sustained L massive deficits began to build during the later years of the Marcos regime (1965–1986), Leadership, the most from being prosecuted for the misdeeds of in- partially caused by the oil crises and mass dividual brokers, and a deal he struck to put protests against Ferdinand E. Marcos, who was successful in business the Commodities Futures Trading Commis- charged with government mismanagement, school history. sion in charge of regulating stock index political repression, and financial corruption. futures. The series won the 1990 Although Virata — the grandnephew of Pulitzer Prize for explanatory jour- the first Philippine president, Emilio nalism. Aguinaldo — helped the Philippines grow The stories about Shad were not compli- economically during terms as minister of fi- peace and order, providing a judicial system; mentary, but Shad's reaction says something nance, as well as prime minister from 1981 to providing basic social services of education, interesting about Vise's work. The former 1986, he was replaced through revolution as health care, and welfare; protecting labour; SEC chief, who is now deceased, remained an prime minister by Salvador Laurel via the ap- and caring for and protecting the environ- important source for Vise's work on a book pointment of Corazon Aquino. ment." called Eagle on the Street. Still, during the 1980s Virata made Returning to private enterprise and serv- "I think that it's not the way he would energy a top priority in the Philip- ing as the president of the Bankers' Associa- have written it, but he respected it," Vise said pines, establishing more hydroelec- tion of the Philippines, Virata has been of Shad's reaction to the series. tric, as well as fuel and coal involved in strengthening the Philippines' After the Pulitzer, Vise went on to write manufacturing systems, in hope of money exchanges. He remains highly re- about the Washington, DC, financial crisis making the Philippines less depen- spected as a business and political force. of the 1990s, the Federal Bureau of Investiga- dent on foreign-sourced energy and tion and the Justice Department. The latter freer to solve its other socioeconomic prob- assignment spurred another bestseller, this lems. He focused on social development and PULITZER-PRIZE one called The Bureau and the Mole, about its connection to improving food production, former FBI agent Robert Philip Hanssen's life wealth distribution, manufacturing, trans- WINNER WHO as a double agent selling U.S. secrets to portation, and communication. CHRONICLED A CRASH the Russians. It's vital, he wrote for the United Nations DAVID A. VISE, W'82, WG'83 Now senior commentator for break- Chronicle in 2002, that "governments will ingviews.com, a leading online international continue to play a basic role in maintaining IN 1984, CORPORATE mergers and acqui- financial commentary service, Vise most L sitions were soaring. Junk bonds were on the recently published The Google Story in 2006. rise. And David Vise had just left M&A at Goldman Sachs for an entry-level journalism job at the Washington Post. His timing could- n't have been better. After the stock market crash of October 1987, Vise and his writing partner, Steve Coll, took on the daunting task of explaining what went wrong. They latched on to the idea of using former Security and Exchanges Com- Courtesy of Cesar Virata, 2006 missioner John Shad's tenure as the vehicle. In four stories published in 1990, Vise and Coll detailed Shad's professional style and goals, his battle to stop big investment firms 70 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S A PROMISE TO KEEP FOR STRUGGLING STUDENTS GEORGE A. WEISS, W'65 L GEORGE A. WEISS didn't just fulfill his own Investor AB ambitions as a successful money manager in Hartford, CT. As founder of Say Yes to Edu- L cation — a national nonprofit organization committed to dramatically increasing high Tommy Leonardi, 2002 LEADING A school and college graduation rates for our na- SWEDISH BANKING tion's inner-city youth — he uses his fortune to help others succeed. The organization has DYNASTY INTO THE served 740 at-risk students and their families. 21ST CENTURY Weiss founded Say Yes to Education in JACOB WALLENBERG, W'80, WG'81 1987 when he made a promise to send 112 seventh-graders from Philly's Belmont School HE WALLENBERG name Investor was spun off more than 90 years to college if they graduated from high school. T is synonymous with Swedish ago from SEB, the Swedish bank set up in the Since then, his program has created public banking and industry, but mid-19th century by Wallenberg's great-great and private partnerships with other philan- Jacob Wallenberg's own grandfather, and many of its long-term hold- thropic institutions, local school districts, watchword is development. ings date to the 1920s and 1930s. Investor has and universities such as Penn. As chairman of Investor AB, always been at the forefront of innovation, cit- Weiss has directed the program to the largest holding company ing its ability to change as one of the hall- change tactics as it has learned from the of Scandinavia with long- marks of its long-term success. For example students who succeeded — and those who term stakes in blue-chip Investor participated in the creation of OM, didn't. Say Yes now offers after-school and companies such as Ericsson, the Swedish option exchange in the 1980s. It summer programming, mentoring, tutoring AstraZeneca, ABB, Electrolux, Scania, Skan- established EQT, its private equity arm in and school-day academic support, family dinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB), Atlas 1994 in the very early days of private equity. outreach, and other services. He even has a Copco, and Saab, Wallenberg continuously In the late 1990s Investor, in a joint venture toll-free number kids can call to talk to looks for dynamic change. with Hutchinson him directly. The company's success is "It is not a matter of Wampoa, created Weiss also branched out to help young based on two basic principles: taking on more risk, the telecom com- people in Hartford, CT, Cambridge, MA, long-term and engaged own- but of taking advantage pany 3, one of the and, most recently, in Harlem, NY, and is ership. The Investor owner- of a widening universe largest single tele- working to create more city and state-wide ship portfolio is composed of com investments partnerships to assist thousands of our both listed and unlisted com- of opportunities." in the Nordic area. nation's inner-city youth. panies that are actively man- In addition to Of the 112 children Weiss originally aged by Investor through its significant hold- sponsored, 62 percent graduated from high board representatives. ings in Swedish blue chips, Investor's more re- school — more than twice the expected rate Wallenberg came to Wharton as an un- cent actions include increasing its investments for the school. Because Weiss figures the dergraduate after serving as an officer in the in unlisted companies, with the goal of having group could have done better with earlier in- Swedish Navy and as an intern at Morgan 25 percent of Investor's total assets in unlisted tervention, the program now begins in Stanley. He left five years later with both companies within three to five years. kindergarten. As the program has evolved, it bachelor and MBA degrees and continued Wallenberg, a member of Wharton's has consistently improved its results, with what he calls his "American experience" by Executive Board for Europe, Asia, and the average high school graduation rates now working at JP Morgan on Wall Street for two Middle East, told the Financial Times in early exceeding 78 percent and enrollment and/or years. He then moved to London to work at 2007, "It is not a matter of taking on more graduation at the post-secondary level ex- the merchant bank Hambros, then eastward risk, but of taking advantage of a widening ceeding 52 percent. again, working in Asia for SEB before return- universe of opportunities." "Businessmen like to see results," he has ing home to Sweden. said. "My goal is to help lots and lots of kids." Weiss's advocacy for increasing access to education extends to Penn, where he has created multiple scholarships over the years. A Penn Trustee, he chairs the Committee on Undergraduate Financial Aid and is a member of the Athletics Board of Overseers. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 71 A CEO WHO BROKE 2004 OUT OF THE BOX In its first year of oper- ALFRED P. WEST JR., WG'66 ation, Wharton School T SEI Investments, CEO assets, and processes almost $50 trillion in Publishing released A and chairman Al West's minimalist black desk is exactly like every other in the wide-open, cubicle- free room at SEI's head- quarters in Oaks, PA. There are no offices, secretaries, or private parking spaces, even for West. In SEI, West has stripped away the traditional layers of bu- investments transactions each year from more than 20 offices in 10 countries. At Wharton, West brought his passion for the unconventional to the classroom via the Alfred West Jr. Learning Lab, created in 2001 to "rethink the learning paradigm." West is also a member of the School's Board of Overseers and chairman of the SEI Center eight books authored by prominent leaders in business and man- agement strategy. reaucracy, creating a workplace that is both for Advanced Studies in Management, where casual and crackling with energy. the idea for the Learning Lab began. "I didn't Employees work from desks on wheels, like class — it seemed a slow way to learn," their computers and phones connected to red West says, laughing. "People learn things by and black coils of cable spiraling from the ceil- doing them." of his colleagues, Willits left his academic post ing, a set up that allows for constant move- and took a managerial position to assist with ment as priorities change. The walls America's entry into World War I. He be- everywhere are hung with more than 2,000 pieces of edgy modern art, from giant ceramic REDEFINED WHARTON came an employment manager at a naval aircraft factory, developing a reputation for mushrooms climbing up a concrete wall to a AS A CENTER FOR seamlessly managing everything from hiring, 15-foot, papier-mache polar bear, his stomach ACADEMIC RESEARCH disciplining, training, and maintaining a branded with an enormous eye. JOSEPH H. WILLITS, workforce. On his return to Wharton, Willits The egalitarian and creative setting is PROFESSOR AND DEAN went on to head his department and to create West's doing, a "visual statement of who we a new curriculum in personnel management are. This is what our culture is about — con- AS A WHARTON professor and dean, and industrial relations. Ultimately, the stant change. There are no boxes here." Joseph Willits, the son of a Quaker farmer, IRU became one of the leading labor research West co-founded SEI at Wharton in became Wharton's key figure in labor and units in the nation — and a new model for 1968 as a technology-outsourcing partner to critically defined the field of personnel academia. bank trust departments after poor eyesight and employment. In 1921, he and But Willits, who went on to become dashed his dreams of becoming a fighter pilot. research professor Anne Bezanson dean, wasn't motivated solely by ambition or Today, SEI is an asset management and in- (see p. 7) founded the Industrial Research arcane academic interest: central to his work vestment technology provider that adminis- Unit, the first business school research center. was a strong concern for democracy and social ters $366.6 billion in mutual fund and pooled This center helped redefine the role of the justice. He believed that studying personnel assets, manages almost $181.5 billion in business school itself. management and labor rela- Much of Willits' Ultimately, the IRU be- tions was the best possible L early insight came came one of the leading way to address the social crisis from hands-on expe- labor research units in of the wage-labor system. rience from outside of the nation — and a new As dean, Willits spear- academia: Like many headed a controversial curric- model for academia. ular reform effort to move the L School away from its focus on specialized business — and towards economic research and its application in business. After more than a decade of building the IRU into one of the nation's most successful research organizations, and by encouraging faculty research, Willits efforts were crucial in building not only Wharton's reputation for scholarship, but business schools as we know them today. Tommy Leonardi, 2004 University Archives 72 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S EDUCATOR, BANKER, CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER RICHARD ROBERT WRIGHT SR., WEV'21 L HEN RETIRED Union W Civil War soldier, Gen- eral Oliver Otis Howard, visited an Atlanta class- room, a school boy named Richard Robert Wright told him to pass a University Archives potent message to curious Northerners. "Sir, Courtesy of UBS tell them we are rising," he insisted. Born a slave in 1855 near Dalton, GA, young Wright had just finished a 200-mile trek with his mother to the abandoned railway-car school- L house to meet the general. Those words served as Wright's lifelong One of Wright's legacies is National During his college years at University of motto. He would commence "rising" and be- Freedom Day, February 1, a holiday Wright St. Gallen in Switzerland, Wuffli began a ca- come a trailblazing black intellectual, military initiated to recognize the day President Abra- reer as a business journalist, instinctively officer, educator, politician, civil rights ham Lincoln signed the 13th Amendment, avoiding his banker father's footsteps, and advocate, and bank entrepreneur following freeing all U.S. slaves. The holiday was estab- today believes his early training of writing his education at some of the most elite U.S. lished by a proclamation by President Harry under tight pressure has served him well. colleges, attending Wharton at age 67. Truman, and continues as the first day of He completed a doctorate in 1984 and began Opening a bank was a retirement career Black History Month. advising banks and insurance firms for McK- for Wright. He had already founded and led insey. He was a McKinsey partner by 1990, Savannah State College from 1891 to 1921. and, in 1994, became CFO of Swiss Bank Moving to Philadelphia in 1921 he AN UNDERSTATED Corp. (SBC) before it merged with Union opened the Citizens and Southern Bank of Switzerland to form UBS AG in Bank and Trust Company, the only INTEGRATOR FOR 1998. Wuffli was appointed president of the Northern black-owned bank at the UBS AG Group Executive Board of UBS in 2001 and time. Thanks to his late-life Wharton PETER A. WUFFLI, AMP'99 chief executive officer in 2003. training, the young bank withstood UBS has excelled under Wuffli because the Depression and had assets of $5.5 mil- PETER WUFFLI IS the "managerial brain of his ability to inspire and pull together se- lion when it was sold in 1957, a decade after behind a lucrative cash machine — one that nior executives, in spite of his low-key person- Wright's death. has as much money under management as ality. "I am an integrator," he says. "I make In his youth, Wright was a major in the France has gross domestic product." sure that different business groups and their Spanish-American War and the first black to So says BusinessWeek.com, one of the teams are aligned where they should be serve as Army paymaster. Throughout his myriad financial periodicals that praise the aligned and that they focus on cooperating to life, he inspired others to great heights by ini- quiet firepower of UBS AG's CEO Wuffli, a achieve synergies." tiating a black intelligentsia movement. 1999 graduate of Wharton's Advanced In this vein, in 2003, all UBS business Wright's son, Richard Robert Wright Jr., Management Program. Often described as a groups — UBS PaineWebber, UBS War- was one of the first blacks to earn a PhD at classic, understated Swiss banker, Wuffli burg, UBS Asset Management — were re- Penn in sociology, a president of Wilberforce has dramatically im- branded under the University, and a leading theologian in the proved performance at "I am an integrator. I make UBS name, unifying African Methodist Episcopal Church. Wright UBS, bringing earn- sure that different business its image as one firm Jr.'s daughter, Ruth Wright Hayre, became ings and return on eq- groups and their teams are and one brand. a legendary educator and Philadelphia uity to all-time highs. school board president after earning a doctor- aligned where they should During his time ate from Penn, joining her father as the Uni- at the UBS helm, the be aligned and that they versity's first black father and daughter financial firm has focus on cooperating to doctoral recipients. managed risk more ef- achieve synergies." "I became familiar with Major Wright by fectively, controlled my association with Dr. Hayre," said Penn costs, and gobbled graduate and U.S. Congressman Chaka Fat- market share in investment banking and tah, an admirer of Wright. "He was a tena- wealth management worldwide. cious activist who spent a great amount of time rising above matters that would have deterred others." WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 73 ADVOCATE Since Zicklin has retired, he began a weekend seminar on business ethics for fac- When it comes to his media career, Zuckerman doesn't just make headlines — he FOR ETHICS ulty at New York University and now often publishes them. As chairman and editor-in- LAWRENCE ZICKLIN, WG'59 teaches there. And he has supported his un- chief of Washington, DC-based U.S. News & dergraduate institution — Baruch College of World Report, he also contributes an opinion EUBERGER BERMAN'S N the City University of New York (which column that showcases a unique political above-reproach reputation is named the Zicklin School of Business in his worldview, often as hard to pin down as the one of the venerable invest- honor in 1997) — by helping to found the man himself. He is chairman and co-pub- ment firm's most valuable Robert Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity lisher of the New York Daily News, and has assets. It's so important, in in 2000. been involved with numerous publications fact, that former chairman over the years, including ownership of the and managing principal Atlantic Monthly for almost 20 years. To Lawrence Zicklin once fired a man for taking round out his active status in the realm of advantage of a competitor. It didn't matter MULTIFACETED public debate, he has appeared often as a guest that the employee had pressed the advantage on TV programs ranging from The McLaugh- on behalf of a Neuberger Berman client. REAL ESTATE AND lin Group on PBS to The Colbert Report on "I fired him because I understood that he MEDIA MAGNATE Comedy Central. didn't really understand what our business MORTIMER B. ZUCKERMAN, WG'61 A native of Montreal, Zuckerman earned was about," Zicklin told Wharton Alumni undergraduate and law degrees from McGill Magazine. MORT ZUCKERMAN made his first impact University and an LLM from Harvard Law in The company was founded in the De- in real estate, but his media appearances — addition to his Wharton MBA. Among his pression, went public in 1999, and was ac- from The McLaughlin Group to The Colbert many activities, Zuckerman serves as a trustee quired by Lehman Brothers in 2003. Along Report — have made him a public figure. for New York University, Memorial Sloan- the way, it maintained its reputation for in- The comparison with another famous Kettering Cancer Institute, and the Aspen In- tegrity as well as performance — something Wharton alumnus is inevitable. As Forbes stitute; and as a member of the Council on Zicklin attributes to the fact that the top man- magazine wrote in 2005: "[T]hough Zucker- Foreign Relations, the Washington Institute agers kept their eyes continually on the future man is more low-key than [Donald] Trump, for Near East Studies and the International value of the firm. They always sought to pro- the two share enormous drive and ego. Zuck- Institute for Strategic Studies. tect "the franchise," as Zicklin calls it. erman's intense side does peek out Zicklin is more than committed to ethi- sometimes. As a pitcher in the annual As chairman and editor-in-chief cal business practices — he's a true believer. In celebrity softball game in tony Sag Har- of Washington, DC-based U.S. 1997, he endowed Wharton's Carol and bor, NY, Zuckerman throws fastballs News & World Report, Zuckerman Lawrence Zicklin Center for Business Ethics while others just lob them in." Research, because he realized that American In his first role as real estate mag- also contributes an opinion col- businesses were rife with conflicts of interest. nate, Zuckerman serves as chairman of umn that showcases a unique But he never imagined such the wholesale the board of the real-estate investment political worldview. ethical slide that emerged in early 2000s. trust Boston Properties, Inc., whose re- "Not in my wildest imagination," he says. cent projects include the Times Square The Zicklin Center stands out among Tower in New York City, and which business school ethics centers because of its holds well over a hundred buildings in L emphasis on supporting and disseminating re- Boston, San Francisco, and Washington, DC. search and long commitment to the subject He co-founded the company in 1970 after (Wharton has been teaching ethics since seven years at the real-estate firm Cabot, 1975). A 2003 report by the Aspen Institute's Cabot, and Forbes, where he rose to senior Business and Society Program and the World vice president, then chief financial officer. Resources Institute identified Wharton as one of the schools that is "setting the bar for re- search activity" on social impact and environ- L mental management. The Center has since forged partnerships with the World Bank In- stitute (WBI) and United Nations Global Compact, allowing its research agenda to focus on real challenges. P.A. Waterman, Wire Image, 2004 Tommy Leonardi, 2003 74 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S Deutsche Post HE TRANSFORMED Year in 2003. Before Deutsche Post and after 2006 earning an MBA and PhD, Zumwinkel A NATIONAL POSTAL worked for a decade at McKinsey Consulting SERVICE INTO THE in Düsseldorf and New York. He moved to Wharton marked 125 GLOBAL LEADER IN Quelle AG, a huge retail company in Ger- years of innovation many, where he became CEO. LOGISTICS Zumwinkel's success at turning an and leadership in KLAUS ZUMWINKEL, WG'71 under-performing national postal service into Europe's largest postal group entailed aggres- management education '' CLIMB HIGH mountains in my sive globalization, judicious acquisitions, skill- and research. I tional leisure time and I want to also climb ful integration, treating unions as partners (he high mountains in my professional has called labor reform his "passion"), and time," Dr. Klaus Zumwinkel told taking advantage of deregulation. the Financial Times in 2005. The company has invested heavily in re- In 1990, at the behest of the cent years to make its subsidiary DHL com- German government, the devoted petitive with UPS and FedEx. Furthermore, it mountain climber approached a be- acquired the British logistics group Exel and hemoth: the German na- postal service, Zumwinkel's success integrated it into DHL, thus turn- postal market in 2009, by which time he will have presumably retired. Zumwinkel is chairman of the supervi- Deutsche Bundespost Post- at turning an under-per- ing DPWN into sory boards of Deutsche Telekom AG and dienst. As CEO, Zumwinkel forming national postal the global leader Deutsche Postbank AG (the latter a subsidiary was charged with converting in logistics. Look- of DPWN), as well as a member of the super- the money-losing public service into Europe's ing forward, visory boards of Deutsche Lufthansa AG, entity into a successful busi- largest postal group Zumwinkel has Karstadt Quelle AG and Morgan Stanley. He ness. On his watch, Deutsche entailed aggressive stressed the poten- is also a member of Wharton's Executive Post became an international globalization, judicious tial of direct mail Board for Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. group with four large divi- acquisitions, skillful to replace the per- sions: mail, express, logistics, integration, treating sonal-mail portion and financial services. of the business, The German-language unions as partners. which is rapidly manager-magazin named shrinking due to Zumwinkel Manager of the the prevalence of email. He has also positioned Deutsche Post to benefit from the projected full liberalization of the European WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 75 A FORECASTER WHO MADE HEADLINES AND MOVED MARKETS MARTIN E. ZWEIG, W'64 S THE STOCK market was A pressing higher and higher in the summer of 1987, Martin Zweig had a feeling enough was enough. In the hedge fund he ran and in the Zweig Forecast, the newslet- ter he wrote, he turned to put options, the market de- vice that allows their owners to sell shares at a particular price — a bet that that price will be going down. In October, the market collapsed, and while the big averages lost a quarter of their value in one day, Zweig's portfolio rose 8.7 percent and 50 percent for all of 1987. The former finance professor at Baruch College and Iona University was certified a stock genius. In truth, Zweig had already been, and would continue to be, a well-respected analyst and investor. He had started his newsletter in 1971 and his hedge fund in 1984, well before those limited high-end-investors became the John Abbott, 1992 rage. While still a professor, his by-word was, "Don't fight the Fed." That meant, according to Zweig's theory, that if interest rates were going down, stocks would go up, and vice versa. He also claimed the way to make money was to be risk- One of Zweig's major He has also 2007 averse, rather than taking pieces of advice was been a collector of chances on the upside. He never to hold stocks, pop culture items, Wharton's next 125 said he was a big poker player including the while at Wharton, but had even of the best compa- sequined dress years begin. stopped playing when he nies, in a bear market, Marilyn Monroe became a money manager since even they could wore to serenade because he hated losing, even disappoint. "Happy Birthday" at cards. One of his major to President John pieces of advice was never to F. Kennedy, the hold stocks, even of the best companies, Hofner bass guitar played by Paul in a bear market, since even they could McCartney, and Jackie Robinson's 1947 disappoint. rookie Brooklyn Dodger jersey — the only one known to exist. Wharton's Locust Walk lobby of Jon M. Huntsman Hall and the graduate lecture series are named in recognition of Zweig's gifts to the School. 76 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S HOW THIS ISSUE WAS COMPILED EDITOR Kelly J. Andrews To select the profiles included in this magazine, Wharton Alumni Magazine solicited nominations from students, EDITORIAL COMMITTEE alumni, faculty, and administrators through the maga- Michael Baltes, Director of Communications Karuna Krishna, Director of Publications zine, e-mail, and the Wharton 125 portal. From this list, Steven Oliveira, Associate Dean, External Affairs an editorial committee researched, reviewed, and selected CONTRIBUTING WRITERS individual stories to show a sampling of Wharton's Nancy Moffitt influence over the past 125 years. Donald A. Scott Sr. Scott Shrake Because these profiles are showcasing documented Robert Strauss influence, the stories and anecdotes were compiled largely from the public record — the business press, biographies, BUSINESS MANAGER Joanne Spigonardo daily newspapers, and Wharton publications and archives. Every effort was made to ensure that these stories were EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Brandon Dunn accurate as of press time, but business does not stand still, Christopher Gannon nor is it subject to a single interpretation. James Yu Comments on this issue are welcome. Please e-mail DESIGN firstname.lastname@example.com or call 215-898-7967. Dyad Communications ADDITIONAL CONSULTANTS AND REVIEWERS Lauren Anderson, Associate Director, Donor Relations Nicole Berlucchi, Director, Special Events, External Affairs Sherrie Madia, Director of Donor Relations Emily Robin, Senior Associate Director, External Affairs Susan Scerbo, Associate Director of Publications Jeffrey Sheehan, Associate Dean, International Relations Monica Taylor, Executive Director, External Affairs Gregory Wolcott, Director, Principal and Planned Gifts WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 77 The way a team plays as a whole determines its success. You may have the greatest bunch of individual stars in the world, but if they don't play together, the club won't be worth a dime." George Herman (Babe) Ruth, Jr. (Born in Baltimore on February 6, 1895. Died on August 16, 1948 in a town a few hundred miles up the road.) BALTIMORE, MARYLAND LEADERSHIP: ABILITY. FOCUS. PERSEVERANCE. Ability, focus and perseverance have made UHS a healthcare leader for nearly three decades. At the 2007 Wharton Economic Summit, The Wharton Sports Business Initiative will present a As one of the largest hospital panel discussion on "Leadership In sports, there are three things you management companies in the Lessons Learned from Sports." need to be a leader: ability, focus United States, UHS owns and At UHS, we know success is and perseverance. operates acute care hospitals, about teamwork that begins behavioral health facilities and with ability, and achieves We have them at UHS. ambulatory centers across the success through focus and nation — from Alaska to Florida, perseverance. We're looking and in Puerto Rico. for strong players who know In every endeavor, we remain that, too. focused on our mission of providing superior quality healthcare that patients will recommend to their families and friends. And we've built a great team of talented people who coordinate their efforts to achieve our goals. Visit us @ www.uhsinc.com 78 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S At UBS, we know the importance of investing in the future. We believe that education is the key to fulfilment, development and realizing your potential. That's why we support higher education institutions across the globe. To find out more about UBS, go to www.ubs.com. You & Us UBS is proud to support the 2007 Wharton Economic Summit. Investing in the future. Wealth Management Global Asset Management Investment Bank You & Us © UBS 2007. All rights reserved. WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 79 Whoever said you can't be both big and creative never met our 5,000 clients and over 60,000 people. Actually, those are conservative numbers. (Even though we're in advertising, not to mention all kinds of marketing services, we try not to exaggerate.) In any event, after 20 years of continuous growth, and more creative awards by far than any of our competitors, we think our people have proven that great talent and hard work can take you well beyond conventional wisdom. For this, we thank each of our clients and every one of the people serving them, past and present, in our companies around the world. We are very grateful. And that's something we cannot overstate. OmnicomGroup 80 12 5 I N F L U E N T I A L P E O P L E A N D I D E A S WHARTON FACULTY WHARTON ALUMNI BY GRADUATION 64 MICHAEL STEINHARDT…W'60 3 WROE ALDERSON Prior to 1920 68 DONALD J. TRUMP…W'68 7 ANNE BEZANSON 21 BERNARD F. GIMBEL…W'1907 71 GEORGE A. WEISS…W'65 15 JEAN ANDRUS CROCKETT 50 FRANCES PERKINS…1918–1919 72 ALFRED P. WEST JR…WG'66 18 ROBERT EILERS 69 REXFORD G. TUGWELL…W'1915, G'16, GR'22 74 MORTIMER B. ZUCKERMAN…WG'61 21 IRWIN FRIEND 76 MARTIN E. ZWEIG…W'64 22 PAUL GREEN 1920s 25 SOLOMON S. HUEBNER 3 RAYMOND PACE ALEXANDER…W'20 1970s 27 EMORY RICHARD JOHNSON 9 JAMES CHADBOURN BOLLES…W'29 5 TAN SRI DATO' DR. ZETI AKHTAR AZIZ…G'74, 29 LAWRENCE R. KLEIN 10 WILLIAM J. BRENNAN JR.…W'28, HON'57 GRW'78 30 PAUL KLEINDORFER 47 WILLIAM S. PALEY…W'22, HON'68 8 DR. BOEDIONO…GRW'79 32 SIMON KUZNETS 65 VERNON STOUFFER…W'23 8 GEOFFREY T. BOISI, WG'71 41 DANIEL M. MCGILL 73 RICHARD ROBERT WRIGHT SR., WEV'21 9 ROBERT A. BOWMAN…WG'79 43 HOWARD E. MITCHELL 12 WILLIAM C. COBB…W'78 46 SCOTT NEARING 1930s 13 ARTHUR D. COLLINS JR.…WG'73 51 HOWARD V. PERLMUTTER 4 WALTER H. ANNENBERG…W'31, HON'66 16 PRIDIYATHORN DEVAKULA…WG'70 62 EDWARD B. SHILS 17 ROBERT G. DUNLOP…W'31, HON'72 17 CONNIE K. DUCKWORTH…WG'79 66 GEORGE W. TAYLOR 28 REGINALD H. JONES…W'39, HON'80 20 W. FRANK FOUNTAIN…WG'73 66 DOROTHY SWAINE THOMAS 55 RICHARD S. REYNOLDS JR.…W'30 24 JOHN G. GUFFEY…W'70 72 JOSEPH H. WILLITS 68 WILLIAM J. TRENT JR…WG'32 29 JEFFREY KATZ…WG'71 35 SEHOON LEE…WG'75 1940s 36 ALAIN LEVY…WG'72 7 RICHARD BLOCH…W'46 41 HAROLD W. MCGRAW III…WG'76 53 EDMUND T. PRATT…WG'49 42 MICHAEL MILKEN…WG'70 57 RALPH J. ROBERTS…W'41, HON'05 44 MICHAEL J. MORITZ…WG'78 58 FRANCIS C. ROONEY JR.…W'43 52 DAVID S. POTTRUCK…C'70, WG'72 67 LAURENCE A. TISCH…WG'43 56 SYLVIA M. RHONE…W'74 59 ALFRED N. SCHINDLER…WG'78 1950s 60 HENNING SCHULTE-NOELLE…WG'73 6 JAY H. BAKER…W'56 24 D. WAYNE SILBY…W'70 11 CHARLES BUTT…W'59 63 SCOTT R. SIMPLOT…WG'73 12 ROBERTO F. CIVITA…W'57 75 KLAUS ZUMWINKEL…WG'71 14 BRUCE E. CRAWFORD…W'52 16 JAMES DEPREIST…W'58, ASC'61, HON'76 1980s 20 JEROME FISHER…W'53 4 ANIL D. AMBANI…WG'83 22 STANLEY GOLDSTEIN…W'55 11 SAFRA CATZ…W'83, L'86 24 GEORGE B. HARVEY…W'54 19 WENDY FINERMAN…W'82 26 JON M. HUNTSMAN SR.…W'59, HON'96 32 ANN MCLAUGHLIN KOROLOGOS…WG'88 31 YOTARO KOBAYASHI…WG'58 34 RISA LAVIZZO-MOUREY…WG'86 33 LEONARD A. LAUDER…W'54 35 LAWRENCE LESSIG…C'83, W'83 38 GEORGE L. LINDEMANN…W'58 48 CORRADO PASSERA…WG'80 38 MARTIN LIPTON…W'52 52 RUTH PORAT…WG'87 44 LAURENCE ZA YU MOH…WG'53 54 IQBAL QUADIR…G'83, WG'87 53 J.D. POWER III…WG'59 55 RUTHANN QUINDLEN…WG'83 61 JOSEPH M. SEGEL…W'51 57 BRIAN L. ROBERTS…W'81 65 MICHAEL L. TARNOPOL…W'58 62 SUZANNE SHANK…WG'87 70 CESAR VIRATA…WG'53 64 MALLIKA SRINIVASAN…WG'85 70 DAVID A. VISE…W'82, WG'83 1960s 71 JACOB WALLENBERG…W'80, WG'81 6 ALFRED R. BERKELEY III…WG'68 13 ROBERT L. CRANDALL…WG'60 1990s 15 EDWARD E. CRUTCHFIELD…WG'65 18 MICHAEL L. ESKEW…AMP'93 22 ROBERT B. GOERGEN…WG'62 30 GERARD KLEISTERLEE…AMP'91 25 VERNON W. HILL II…W'67 31 JOSH KOPELMAN…W'93 37 WARREN N. LIEBERFARB…W'65 37 ALFRED C. LIGGINS III…WG'95 39 PETER S. LYNCH…WG'68 43 ADITYA MITTAL…W'96 40 WILLIAM L. MACK…W'61 45 ELON MUSK…W'97 46 PETER M. NICHOLAS…WG'68 73 PETER A. WUFFLI…AMP'99 48 MANUEL V. PANGILINAN…WG'68 49 RONALD O. PERELMAN…W'64, WG'66 51 LEWIS E. PLATT…WG'66 58 CHARLES S. SANFORD JR… WG'60 59 DONALD SCHNEIDER…WG'61 60 JOHN SCULLEY III…WG'63 61 NABEEL A. SHAATH…WG'61, GR'65, HON'96 63 ALVIN V. SHOEMAKER…W'60, HON'95 WHARTON ALUMNI MAGAZINE ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 81 SPECIAL ANNIVERSARY ISSUE SPRING 2007 LEADING IN PERFECT HARMONY MASTER OF LEVERAGED BUYOUTS the CALM CENTER of malaysian banking Indonesia's FINANCIAL Rudder Keeping His Eye on the Digital Ball He Made Airlines FLY HIGHER A TRUSTED LEADER FOR TURBULENT TIMES FROM BOOTSTRAPPER TO PHILANTHROPIST THE WORLD'S MASTER ECONOMETRICIAN Stock Superstar Who BEAT THE STREET NEW FINANCIAL MODELS CAN CHANGE THE WORLD The GURU of Cyberlaw A Promise to Keep for Struggling Students He Created Network Broadcasting A Medical Calling Redirected TOWARDS A MORE HUMANE MODEL OF BUSINESS TURNED RISK INTO WEALTH DECISION-MAKER FOR A DEAL FACTORY PIONEERS OF SOCIAL INVESTING VOICE OF GLOBALIZATION FOR AN IMPERILED PLANET INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE AND IDEAS