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Boston Freedom Trail Day Trip from New York
Read what other Viator.com travelers think about the Boston Freedom Trail Day Trip from New York. What they loved, what they liked and what they think could be improved, it's all here to help you make the most of your next trip.
Click here for tour details, schedule and pricing
The trip was very well organized but the guide could have been a bit more engaging.
Mark H
United Kingdom
A really long day and the weather spoilt our first trip to Boston. It rained torrentially throughout. Nothing wrong with the trip but be prepared for traffic chaos in NYC and Boston. We had a mixed coach of language speakers meaning we had an English version and then an Italian version of everything. This got to be tedious.
This tour was too long. Too far away and too much time on the bus. What we did see of Boston was lovely and our tour guide - Nina was terrific. But i wouldn't recommend this as a day trip. Too much time on the bus.
This was an interesting excursion although I think I should have done a little more US history research. However, our tour guide was most informative and made the tour interesting. We seemed to have plenty of time at each location except at the Constitution stop where we only had about 5 minutes to look over the ship. The whole day was also very long; again I didn't realize that Boston is actually about 3 and a half hours from NY so the tour was about 15 hours. Still it was nice that someone else was doing the driving.
Anne W
Would of liked longer in Boston, not enough information giving by the tour guide, being an international tourist, would of liked to have known a little bit more about the place.
Didn't appreciate the smoking tour guide either, thought that was highly unprofessional, especially when she was talking to us and blowing smoke in our faces!!
Boston was beautiful but 12 hours is a long day to spend less than 3 hours in Boston.
Luckily This Trip was Booked for Sunday 28th October before Sandy hit. Raining but had a good time enjoyed the Clam Chowder especially. had to be cut short as New York was beginning to shut down but guide assisted us advising us to get Take out in case the diners and Restaurants were closed when we got back to the city. Would have been a wonderful trip except for the weather and Sandy
A good way to see an overview of Boston. Good value for money
Long trip which didn't start well with the bus over half hour late arriving. Guide was very knowledgeable and made the trip interesting. Not enough time yo ourselves in Boston. Only had about 90 mins free time in which to have lunch and explore the city - this wasn't enough! We got caught up in rush hour traffic on the way back and when we stopped for the drivers break it was at a place that didn't have any food outlets.
Bus was very cold could not relax it was freezing
Good trip....too much travel!
Zerrin S
The Boston was an amazing city: Our guide Beatrix and driver Tommy were an excellent team. Actually in the morning, we did not start the day so nice. The Travel Agency who provides the tour in NY did overbooking and about 25 people had to wait for second bus for 2 hours. We were told to be at the meeting point at 6:45 am and would leave at 7:00 am. But we left the city at 9:00am. Sorry, but when many people came, The tour operators were in a panic how to put us to the buses. Anddd no second bus... In the morning the wheather was too cold. It was terrible. After then, Our guide Beatrix was a luck for us. She was excellent and very proffessional. Because of her we spend really nice day with them. But the Organization is too poor to be honest...
Was a good trip bit long to get there and back over 4 hours each way. The tour guide however was not that good, she spent all the time talking to a Spanish couple in Spanish and when I asked her a question she was very short with me. Would not do the dy trip again but would rather stay overnight.
the tour great, the tour company, hopeless.not the best day as it rained most of the day. this tour needs at least another hour or 2 in Boston.
This trip is "worth doing", if you want to get a quick glimpse of Boston. I wish we had more time for lunch and extra time at Quincy Market or just to walk around Boston. The ride home was good- we went on a Sunday so the traffic wasn't too bad.


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Originally published Wednesday, December 18, 2013 at 6:05 AM
Recipe: Maple Bourbon-Glazed Ham
Serves 25
½ cup bourbon
2 tablespoons butter
½ cup maple syrup
½ teaspoon ground cinnamon
1 tablespoon cornstarch
2 tablespoons water
1 (6-pound) fully-cooked ham
1. Combine the bourbon, butter, maple syrup and cinnamon in a small saucepan. Mix the cornstarch and water until smooth and stir it into the bourbon mixture. Heat and stir until it boils.
2. Place the ham in a shallow baking pan. Make diagonal slashes, crisscrossing on the fat side of the ham. Pour the glaze over the top of the ham. Insert a meat thermometer in the thickest part of the ham.
3. Bake in a preheated 325-degree oven 20 to 25 minutes per pound or until a thermometer reads 140 degrees, spooning glaze on occasionally. Remove from the oven and cool slightly before carving; arrange the slices on a platter.
Note: If you have the butcher pre-slice the ham and tie it back together, it will allow the glaze to penetrate through each slice. Untie before serving.
From The Seattle Times archives, 1990
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We partnered with The Outnet to help you shop for all the perfect pieces you need for fall. This week, we take a look at some of Amanda Hearst's favorite things.
Jacquard Shift Dress
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Verizon Wireless has today announced that the LG Enlighten smartphone will be arriving on their network from September 22nd onwards for $79.99.
The LG Enlighten will be shipped running Andorid 2.3 Gingerbread and is equipped with a 3.2-inch touchscreen display with a low 480 x 320 resolution and powered by a 800MHz processor. Its also equipped with a full slide-out QWERTY keyboard, 3.2-megapixel autofocus camera/camcorder and ships with a 2GB microSD card.


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Handmade Expo Market
The popular event at Morayfield has a lot to celebrate at their next market on Sunday the 7th December
Not only is it their second birthday at the fabulous indoor venue, they are also celebrating a change in market coordinator, a fabulous Christmas market and the name change of the Morayfield Leisure Centre to the Morayfield Sports and Events Centre.
The change of name is the start of some wonderful things happening at the Morayfield Sports and Events Centre and the New Year will see a change in market layout as well as a new co-ordinator.
Linda and Tim Simpson are stepping down from their current position as Linda deals with problems Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has dealt her in the last few months. Expect to see Linda around though as the creative director for the Morayfield Market.
Attracting between 60 -100 fabulous crafters, artisans and growers, the Handmade Expo Market celebrates excellence in making, baking , growing and is proud to say that they are the biggest indoor handmade market on the north side of Brisbane.
'A lot of people are pleasantly surprised when they walk through the doors of the Morayfield Sports and Events Centre on market day,' said Linda Simpson (outgoing coordinator). 'It is such a huge venue with plenty of room to move and great lighting and add to that the wonderful stallholders who create little pop up shops every month, we often hear people exclaim 'wow' when they walk in.'Continue reading this article in the Messenger
Kid's Christmas Colouring Competiton
Three age groups, with $100 cash prize each
This Year we're giving away three prizes of $100 to spend however you wish!
So kids, grab your colouring and decorating gear and give Santa some colour! There are three age groups and a winner will be selected from each. The age groups are: 3-5, 6-9 and 10-13.
Get your entries in by Tuesday December 2, don't forget to put your details in the space provided, and good luck!
Find the colouring page at the back of the magazine or download and print the colouring page by clickling here.
Find the entry details in the Messenger
Would you like to WIN
a luxury beauty experience?
From the moment you step in Simply Elegant, the calming, tranquil sounds of running water begin to sooth away the stress and strain of the outside world. No pressure, no deadlines, just peaceful pampering and some time purely for you.
Simply Elegant are offering one of our lucky readers a pamper package, valued at $504,so you can look and feel your best for the festive season.
The prize is a Gold Class Signature Package, which includes a Gold Class Pedicure, an Indulgent Signature Facial, a warm hand infusion and a Pevonia Body Product Pack. There are no exclusions
Find the entry details in the Messenger
Norths Salvation Army Christmas Appeal
Norths is bringing the community together to support those in need
Christmas is a happy time for most but spare a thought for those families who won't have the happiness and joy of opening presents this year.
The Norths Salvation Army Christmas appeal has been running for several years and hundreds of toys have been donated for children who are disadvantaged. This year we hope our generous members will continue their tradition of giving to this worthwhile cause. Members and guests are invited to place toys under the Christmas tree in the foyer of the club. The tree will be up until the 12th of December before the toys are collected by the Pine Rivers Salvation Army and distributed to disadvantaged children in the community.
For more information regarding the Christmas appeal, please call Norths on (07) 3285 2733, or email Norths at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Your support this year will be most appreciated.
More great articles in The Messenger
Recipe to Riches
North Lakes Local wins 'BBQ' episode
Michael Cainero of North Lakes, Queensland was revealed as the winner of episode two of the second season of Network Ten's Recipe to Riches, with his home-grown creation The King of Sausages – Pork, Apple & Cinnamon Sausages.
Building on Woolworths promise to turn ideas into reality on television and in stores nationwide, Michael's delicious cinnamon-infused pork and apple sausages were on shelves of more than 900 Woolworths stores and online for one week only or until stocks runs out.
The Recipe to Riches' BBQ episode saw a heated battle to win over not just the experts' taste buds, but also their shrewd commercial judgement. The Queensland resident's pork and apple sausages outperformed Adam Scasni (VIC)'s Gourmet Infused Butters and Natalie French's Beef Ball San Choy Bow, with Michael winning $10,000 as the episode winner and now in the running to secure the grand prize of $100,000 and a partnership with Woolworths that could change his life.
Sausage making is in Michael's DNA, having grown up making sausages with his Italian grandparents. The Queensland tradie has devised his BBQ treats with his family as inspiration. When Michael tastes cinnamon, he thinks sausages. It's an ingredient that most of us associate with donuts and sweets, not snags, but mix it with pork and apple, and Michael reckons he's got a winner.
Continue reading this article in the Messenger
Pictured: Champion snag man Michael Cainero with his brilliant bangers at North Lakes Woolies.
Photo by Renee Melides
School Dates and Holidays For 2014
Queensland state school students have returned for Term 1 on Tuesday 28 January, the day after the Australia Day public holiday.
Minister for Education, Training and Employment John-Paul Langbroek said teachers reported back on Thursday 23 January, with student-free staff development days for 23 and 24 January.
"I'm looking forward to another significant and exciting year for education in Queensland," said Mr Langbroek.
He said a student-free day would fall in Term 4 on Monday 20 October, with three discretionary student-free days – which may be changed by individual schools – pencilled in for the start of the Easter break on 7-9 April.
"Last year the Government legislated the Labour Day public holiday would be marked on the first Monday in October, this year it falls on the 6th, with the Queen's Birthday to be celebrated on 9 June in line with most other states and territories."
"The class of 2014 will end for Year 12 students on Friday 21 November," said Mr Langbroek.
"Years 10 and 11 finish their school year on Friday 28 November, with most other state schools breaking up on 12 December. Some regional and remote school finish on 5 December."
Mr Langbroek said Independent schools and Catholic schools base their holidays on the state school dates but they can vary from school to school.
"I suggest the families of students who attend non-state schools, to please check with your particular school for attendance dates," he said
"The Newman Government is working hard to revitalise front line education services so that Queensland continues to be a great state with great opportunities.
"I wish all staff and students across Queensland a very successful and safe school year in 2014."
The 2014 state school calendar outlining term, holiday and staff development dates can be downloaded from www.education.qld.gov.au/public_media/calendar/holidays.htmlRead more in The Messenger


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Legislator roll call
• Feb. 8
House Bill 1627: Limiting the authority of boundary review boards
Makes changes to provisions governing the authority of boundary review boards (boards) to modify annexation proposals. Authorizes a board to increase by no more than 15 percent the area of annexation for proposed annexations of 100 acres or more to a city or town. Authorizes a board to increase no more than 100 percent the area of annexation for proposed annexations of less than 100 acres to a city or town. Establishes new requirements for boards that increase the area of city or town annexations.
Passed 56 to 42
Steve Tharinger: Yes
Kevin Van De Wege: Yes
House Bill 2191: Concerning police dogs
Authorizes courts to impose a civil penalty of $5,000 for harming a police dog or $10,000 for killing a police dog.
Passed 98-0
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
House Bill 2270: Concerning signage for automated traffic safety camera locations
Requires local legislative authorities who approve the use of automated traffic safety cameras to adopt specific and quantifiable standards for the location of signage indicating a zone where the cameras are used. Adds requirements for signs marking a location where an automated traffic safety camera is in use; the signs must be at least 100 feet from the camera and be easily readable to a driver approaching the camera.
Passed 95-0
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
• Feb. 9
House Bill 2048: Concerning document surcharges collected by county auditors
Increases the Homeless Housing and Assistance Act document recording surcharge through June 30, 2017. Adds requirements to local governments and the Department of Commerce related to housing vouchers paid for with document recording fees. Requires cities and counties receiving more than $3.5 million in document recording surcharges to receive a Washington State Quality Award program or similar assessment every two years.
Passed 55-42
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
House Bill 2331: Concerning mandatory reporting of child abuse or neglect
Requires that any adult who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has suffered severe abuse or neglect must report such abuse or neglect to law enforcement or the Department of Social and Health Services. Provides that the penalty for a mandatory reporter who knowingly fails to report is a misdemeanor.
Passed 59-38
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
House Bill 2499: Expanding disclosure of political advertising to include advertising supporting or opposing ballot measures
Requires political advertising supporting or opposing ballot measures sponsored by a political committee to name the "top five" contributors in the advertisement.
Passed 75-22
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
House Bill 2535: Creating a juvenile gang court
Authorizes counties to establish and operate juvenile gang courts, where juvenile offenders involved in criminal gangs may receive evidence-based services designed to reduce gang-related offenses while under continuous court supervision.
Passed 92-4
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
• Feb. 10
House Bill 2232: Establishing a government-to-government relationship between state government and federally recognized Indian tribes.
Directs the Governor and state agencies to establish government-to-government relationships with federally recognized Indian tribes in order to enhance and formalize working relationships with the tribes through collaboration and consultation.
Passed 69-27
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
House Bill 2233: Creating a procedure for the state's retrocession of civil and criminal jurisdiction over Indian tribes and Indian country.
Creates a procedure by which the state may retrocede to the federal government criminal and/or civil jurisdiction over Indian tribes located in the State of Washington. Requires the state to retain the civil jurisdiction necessary for the civil commitment of sexually violent predators.
Passed 54-42
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: Yes
House Bill 2601: Improving public transit through the creation of transit service overlay zones.
Allows regional transportation planning organizations to establish criteria for transit service overlay zones, which must include frequent bus service, minimum employment and housing unit densities, connection of employment and population centers, and transit assistive design criteria. Allows a zone that meets the local RTPO criteria and is established through an interlocal agreement to be included in a city's comprehensive plan.
Passed 60-35
Tharinger: Yes
Van De Wege: No
• Feb. 13
Senate Bill 6494: Improving truancy procedures
Lowers from 17 to 16 the maximum age of a child at which a school district may be legally required to file a truancy petition. Court jurisdiction is not required to terminate when a child turns 17, nor is a school district precluded from filing a truancy petition. The petition must include information describing the child's current academic status in school. A court may not issue a bench warrant for a child for failure to appear at an initial truancy hearing, but may enter a default order assuming jurisdiction over the child. After the court assumes jurisdiction, the school district must periodically update the court about the child's academic status in school at a schedule to be determined by the court.
Passed 31-17
Jim Hargrove: Yes
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Midfielder on his match-winner and landmark 400th appearance.
More match reaction, plus Blues linked with three players.
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Secure your seat for a host of thrilling Goodison games in 2015.
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Shop for the latest Everton Autumn/Winter fashion today.
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Catch up with the very latest press briefing from the boss.
A rundown of the latest injuries and suspensions affecting the senior squad.
There are a wide host of lounges here at Goodison to suit every taste and requirement - both on matchday and for events.
Holidays Are Coming! Okay, maybe it feels too soon - but if you don't book now you could miss out!
Take a step inside the world-renowned Everton Academy.
There are a range of products available offering you a chance to win big money prizes.
Details on our forthcoming coaching camps for youngsters.
An interactive journey through our illustrious history, from 1878 to present day.
Learn all you need to know about the men who have sat in the managerial hotseat.
Learn more about the charity that supports former Blues.
We have a wide array of exclusive signed items listed on our new Everton eBay Auction platform.
Find the nearest Supporters' Club to you on our interactive map.
Everton's array of partners deliver a plethora of offers and benefits for our fans.
VfL Wolfsburg (A) Thu 27 Nov 2014, 18:00, Europa League
by Matthew Gamble
30 July 2013 00:01
Phil Jagielka is relishing the added responsibility which comes with his first pre-season tour as Everton skipper.It's been a period of firsts for the 30-year-old defender after he took over the captaincy from Phil Neville earlier this year.But the England international insists the additional work which forms part of the captaincy is something he enjoys.Jagielka told evertontv: "With the captaincy comes responsibility and that's something I have to take on board and hopefully do well at."There are quite a few firsts as the new captain, this is the first proper tour and it's exciting."I get asked a lot more questions, but that's something you expect. If the players aren't sure what's going on then I am normally the first port of call. It's been enjoyable but a little bit more hard work than I have been used to."
Jagielka is tasked with leading the Everton side into the three-game tour which begins with a clash with Italian heavyweights Juventus on Wednesday.He admits the calibre of the opposition has geed up the Blues squad.Jagielka continued: "As far as the teams we have got, we couldn't have asked for a better pre-season. "It's always nice to play for something. sometimes it can be more of a fitness session but when there is something to play for and you can get those positive vibes going."
You can watch Everton's games in the USA on live on evertontv, or on demand afterwards.
The boss and the players discuss Saturday's win.
Find and which games are on sale - and to who.
REACTION: More from @Osman21Leon, @sylvaind15tin, @seamiecoleman23 and Roberto Martinez on @evertontv: evertonfc.com/evertontv #EFC
VIDEO: If you missed it earlier, here's what @Osman21Leon thought about bagging the winner on his 400th Blues outing: evertonfc.com/news/2014/11/2…
COMPETITION: Win a VIP matchday experience, courtesy of @StubHubUK: evertonfc.com/news/2014/11/2… #EFC
COMMUNITY: The complete guide to what's been going on this week with Everton's official charity: community.evertonfc.com #EITC #EFC


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Windows Help
It's free to register, to post a question or to start / join a discussion
why do i have to swich on the wireless printer to access the internet on the wireless laptop?
Likes # 0
Posted September 14, 2011 at 1:15AM
Hi, i have a wireless laptop and have just bought a wireless printer which i have manged to set up and it works fine, but now for some reason, i can only access the internet if the printer is switched on, is there a solution to this, as i really don't want to have to keep on switching the printer on every time i want to use the internet, if anyone knows the answer, please can you explain it very simply!! many thanks
Likes # 0
Posted September 14, 2011 at 9:33AM
I could be wrong but it sound like the printer is connecting directly to your laptop and not through your router.
HP printers allow you to view or print out the network setting your printer may have the same options and should tell you if the printer is connecting via your router if it is it will show the router SSID name.
Likes # 0
Posted September 14, 2011 at 12:39PM
Hi, thank you for replying, i have printed the printers network settings and you are right it does show my SSID name, have you any idea on how to fix it, many thanks
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Check out our Pie of the Day Pinterest board.
Learn new tips, tricks and techniques from the Test Kitchen experts. Save $5 with code ONLINE at checkout.
Perfect dinners in a pinch with 316 quick-and-easy recipes!
How well you package your food for freezing will affect its quality. To prevent freezer burn and preserve freshness, try this simple technique.
The plastic-and-foil-wrap method is handy for semisolid foods such as casseroles. Before filling your baking dish, line it with heavy-duty aluminum foil and then with plastic wrap, making sure you have enough to overlap the top of the dish. Once the food has cooled, it's ready to be packaged. Fill the lined baking dish and use the plastic wrap layer to cover the top; remove as much air as possible. Then seal the plastic wrap with the foil layer and place the pan in the freezer. Once it's frozen, remove the sealed meal from the pan and place it in a plastic resealable freezer bag. Remove foil and plastic wrap before baking.
Use a label to identify and date your dish. Include an expieraation date. Many casseroles can be frozen for up to 3 months.
When chicken pieces are on sale, I buy several packages and bake all the chicken, skin side up,…
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The gym I go to was giving away free samples of Vita Coco Coconut Water, and I tried the 100% Pure Cocount Water. I wasn't too enthused about this variety - maybe coconut water isn't for me - but I decided to try one of the flavored kinds as well, the Acai & Pomegranate.
The thing that got me about the regular (100% pure) flavor was the combination of refreshing and sweet with the strange thick texture. Not my cup of tea. With this one, though, the addition of pomegranate and acai make it taste more like a smoothie, which is great. The fact that those fruits have antioxidant properties is an added bonus. I thought this flavor was much better than the regular one, although it would still take some getting used to.
I love how Vita Coco describes their product, "Did you know that coconut water has 15 times more potassium than that found in sport drinks? It's also naturally loaded with the five key electrolytes: potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium and calcium. It's what you need to stay hydrated. On a diet? No sweat! Vita Coco is also fat and cholesterol free. Sure, you may not be a marathon runner, a football player or Tour de France winner, but your every day life is hectic enough - you should be hydrated while you live it. Go ahead, get hydrated and remember that life is a sport!" How could I resist a tag line like that - marketing at it's finest, and it was working on me!
I've heard about the benefits of this drink for a while now but haven't had the chance to taste it for myself until now. Supposedly this is one of the best drinks to replenish electrolytes - a natural Gatorade, as it were - with minimal calories and natural ingredients (just coconut water) - no sugar added or anything else for that matter. My gym was giving away 17-ounce containers for free last week, so I picked one up one of the original, Vita Coco 100% Pure Coconut Water.
In terms of taste, I was less than enthused. Sure, this tastes fine, but the thick texture really got to me. It tasted of coconut for sure, but it was very sweet (although not artificially). It was refreshing, but this variety really wasn't floating my boat so to speak.


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Listen to The Rock live from anywhere
Rock Workday10am - 3pm weekdays
Foo Fighters made the last night of the Reading Festival in England one to remember by playing a mammoth 26-song set and singing happy birthday to Dave Grohl's mum.
The band brought the three-day music event to an end on Sunday night after headlining at the festival's sister site in Leeds, England on Friday.
Ploughing through 26 tracks over two-and-a-half hours, Grohl announced that the performance would be the band's last for the near future.
He told revellers, "You guys realise we've got a lot of songs to play. It's the last show of the tour and it's the last show for a long time.''
The rocker also took time to remember his former Nirvana bandmates, the late Kurt Cobain and Krist Novoselic, by dedicating his Three Days song to them. He added, "I'd like to dedicate this song to a couple of people who couldn't be here tonight. This one's for Krist and this one's for Kurt.''
Grohl then remembered when Nirvana played the festival 20 years earlier and how the crowd sang happy birthday to his mother - and brought her out onstage to relive the moment.
He said, "In 1992 when Nirvana played here, the last show we ever played in England, you sang happy birthday to my mom. Here's your chance."
Meanwhile, Kasabian closed Leeds festival with renditions of the Beatles' She Loves You and Fatboy Slim's Praise You, as well as paying tribute to late astronaut Neil Armstrong, who died on Saturday (25Aug12).
This could also be of interest...
The Rolling Stones are celebrating their return to the road with a major windfall after making $23.6 million (£14.8 million) in the first week of their rescheduled Australian tour.
A parents group has gone to town on Sons of Anarchy producers, for featuring a lengthy sex scene that has dubbed as "the f--ktage".
AC/DC drummer Phil Rudd's murder plot charge has been dropped, just a day after his arrest.
And it's not half-bad.
AC/DC drummer Phil Rudd's alleged gun for hire has defended him, saying he is a good man who has done a lot for the Tauranga community.
AC/DC drummer Phil Rudd has been charged with attempting to procure a murder, threatening to kill and drug charges.
Read NME's excellent write up about the band, plus their review of Sonic Highways.
Awesome cover with Zac Brown and even better corpse face paint.
The Rock presents Foo Fighters live in Christchurch and Auckland next February. Tickets on sale now.
Devilskin are hitting the road this summer, touring spots all over New Zealand to unleash their unique and devastating sound on audiences up and down the country.
Dragon, The Exponents and The Feelers kick off the summer Clash of the Titans tour
Shihad are hitting the road this summer, and they're taking Airbourne, I Am Giant and Cairo Knife Fight with them. Tickets on sale now.
Han Yue breaks World Record for 8cm parallel parking
The Morning Rumble Podcast - Friday November 28
Jono and Ben Podcast Thursday 27 November
Jono and Ben Podcast Wednesday 26 November
The Morning Rumble Podcast - Thursday November 27
Wind Up Your Wife - Hold your horses
The Morning Rumble Podcast - Wednesday November 26
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text:
Originally written on Steelers Depot | Last updated 11/15/14
Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger was 15-of-23 passing for 134 yards with 3 touchdowns to Leonard Pope, Antonio Brown and Plaxico Burress to lead the team to a 24-10 win Sunday over the Cleveland Browns in the 2012 season finale. The win means that the Steelers finish the season at 8-8 after going 3-3 in the AFC North division. The win also means that the team avoided finishing the season with a sub-.500 record, something that they haven't done since going 6-10 in 2000. The Steelers defense managed to force 4 turnovers in the game as safety Troy Polamalu recorded his first Read more [...]
Original Story: http://www.steelersdepot.com/2012/12/...
PLAYERS: Ben Roethlisberger, Leonard Pope, Antonio Brown, Plaxico Burress, Troy Polamalu
TEAMS: Pittsburgh Steelers, Cleveland Browns
TEAMS: Pittsburgh Steelers, Cleveland Browns
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text:
Politico's Ben Smith, in response to Obama campaign complaints that the New York Times as inadequately covered John McCain's involvement in the Keating Five scandal:
The Keating Five scandal, though, is hardly a secret. Indeed, the story is central to McCain's political narrative. He's called his actions a mistake, and the episode is what transformed him into a self-stylled reformer.
"He has basically dedicated his career since that moment to the cleaning up of Washington," McCain aide Douglas Holtz-Eakin told me last week.
Smith says the Keating Five scandal is well-known -- and points to McCain's spin on it as evidence. But that doesn't contradict the argument that McCain's actual relationship with Keating (as opposed to the pro-McCain spin that the incident turned him into a reformer bent on "cleaning up" Washington) -- it reinforces it.
If there's a clearer example of the media's continued failure to subject McCain to the level of scrutiny they've given to Obama's relationships with Tony Rezko and Rev. Wright, I don't know what it is. Reporters rarely bring up Keating unless it's to remind us that the incident turned McCain into the World's Greatest Reformer.
And yet when this is pointed out, Ben Smith says Keating isn't a secret -- hey, we know McCain's hand-picked "narrative" about it. What more could anyone ask for?
How about a version of the story that isn't McCain's own chosen "narrative"?
And that for "40 years, Democrats have been mostly out of stop with the nation."
Oh my. So for all those years in the last four decades when Democrats controlled Congress (and often the White House) they were out of step with the country? And when Democrats threw out the Republican majority in recent years, they were out of step?
Also note that Newsweek's Jonathan Darman, in making his case, does not point to a single poll or survey result to back up his claim that America is a center-right claim. We're not surprised. Because as a Media Matters study indicated, the relevant polling data suggests just the opposite; that across the board Americans side with a Democratic, or liberal agenda, in terms of big government, gun control laws, gay rights, abortion rights, tax cuts and foreign policy.
American Prospect looks at what it means now that newspaper chains are closing up their Beltway bureaus, and how one of journalism's best jobs is becoming extinct.
Following up on last week's posts about Time's Michael Scherer's Swampland post about Obama, McCain and Social Security ...
Today, Scherer acknowledges that "McCain supported the Bush plan then, and still speaks in favor of the private account idea in the future" and concludes:
The social security example did not belong where I put it in the post, and by placing it there I launched a confusing discussion about the issues--committing the same crime that I was chastising the candidates for committing.
Scherer still insists the Obama's ad's assertion that Social Security privatization constitutes "risking Social Security on the stock market" is a "distortion" that "exaggerat[es] the worst-case scenario of Bush private account plan." Since Scherer acknowledges that the plan involves investing some Social Security funds in the stock market, and since (I assume) he would acknowledge that investing the stock market involves "risk," it seems misguided at best to continue to call the ad a distortion.
Nonetheless, Scherer's post today is a welcome acknowledgment that he was wrong, and that he muddied the issue rather than illuminating it. Scherer could have ignored the matter, as many journalists do when they are wrong. Or he could have offered a terse two-sentence statement that walked back his original claim without really making clear what he got wrong in the first place. That, too, would have been all-too-typical of "corrections" to flawed news reports. Scherer didn't do that. Instead, he posted five paragraphs of explanation, including clear statements that he got it wrong and that he confused the debate rather than clarifying it.
More journalists should take their mistakes as seriously as Scherer does in his post today.
This media narrative has already become quite tiresome: Joe Biden, while campaigning non-stop, often makes unscripted comments that journalists try desperately to whip into "gaffes" so they can write stories about how Biden is gaffe-prone. The Politico is the latest on the Biden-is-a-goof assembly line and the results are embarrassing. Not for Biden but for Politico.
Headlined, "Blue-collar vote, one gaffe at a time," readers likely expect Politico to provide a long list of gaffe's to substantiate the article, right? Wrong. Here's Politico money graph where it pretty much details all its proof of Biden's gaffey-ness:
Among other things, the Delaware senator has said that Hillary Rodham Clinton may have been a better vice presidential pick; accidentally referred to his partner as "Barack America"; told a wheelchair-bound man to "stand up"; and called Michelle Obama's convention speech "the most remarkable speech I have heard in my life."
Let's take those one at a time.
1. Biden's comment about Clinton came in response to a voter in New Hampshire who told Biden he was glad Barack Obama picked Biden over Clinton. Meaning, Biden was being a gentleman and saying something gracious about Clinton in return. The Politico left out the context.
2. So what if he referred to Obama as "Barack America"?
3. The wheelchair incident was indeed a gaffe and Biden quickly apologized for it.
4. Biden said Michelle Obama's speech the most remarkable he'd ever heard because that's what he believes. Who are Politico reporters to doubt Biden's word?
Elsewhere is the soggy story, Politico thinks it's a big deal that while campaigning in parts of Pennsylvania where there are lots of Catholic voters, Biden talks about his Irish Catholic roots.
Note to Politico: That's called smart campaigning, not making a gaffe.
The deep irony with the media's beloved, Biden-says-nutty-things narrative is that campaign journalists whine incessantly about how scripted candidates are and that their interaction with voters out on the trail isn't authentic. But when somebody like Biden comes along and communicates freely with voters and routinely ventures off-script, what does the press do? It mocks the candidate for not being scripted enough.
At least not the one Eric Alterman placed to the paper's deputy editor of the national section, Bill Hamilton, asking for a clarification regarding the daily's policy on passing along campaign falsehoods to readers.
And Alterman even made sure his phone message was polite.
Howard Kurtz publishes one of his patented media mash notes on Monday where he seemingly spins a wheel containing names of (mostly conservative) elite Beltway pundits and decides that that week they're hotter than hot and then collects quotes from that pundit's media pals who couldn't agree more. The whole ritual is rather tired and hollow and high schoolish.
Today, for no apparent reason, it's David Brooks turn to wear the tiara.
And FYI, despite Kurtz's best efforts to suggest Brooks is somehow respected on the Left, which makes his appeal unique, the truth is Brooks is routinely mocked by liberal for being intellectually dishonest. But none of that matters, because the Beltway crowd thinks Brooks is just swell.
You're about to get lots of emails and phone calls regarding Ron Fournier. Courtesy of readers at Al Giordano's The Field.


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Your sanctuary is the same as mine. Legolas, Aragorn, Elladan, Elrohir, any of them seem to look right off the page or out of the film and seem to say, "I'm here, there is no reason to fret, I'll protect you.
Author's Response: Hmm, I should add The Cullens from Twilight to that list . . . especially Jasper, Jasper rox and that isn't even the best way to describe him, he's awesome. Thanks for the review - Li
I thought I was your sanctuary!
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text:
A resistor, fabricating method, and thermal sensor material for resistors that incorporate high Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) values and low resistivity for better sensitivity in infrared imaging applications are disclosed. Amorphous oxide thin films, preferably oxides of vanadium (VOx), were deposited on thermally grown silicon dioxide by direct current (DC) magnetron co-sputtering of noble metals (gold and platinum) in a controlled argon/oxygen atmosphere. The ideal conditions for preparing an amorphous vanadium oxide/noble metal thin film are identified. TCR and resistivity results showed that the additions of gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) into VOx reduced the resistivity. However, only gold (Au) was found to improve TCR value. Reducing the amount of oxygen in the thin film, further improved the ratio between TCR and resistivity. Infrared detection and imaging devices can be greatly improved with a ōdrop-inö amorphous vanadium oxide/noble metal thin film of the present invention.
1. A resistor consisting essentially of:
a mixture of a high resistivity material co-dispersed with a low resistivity material to form a nanocomposite material such that the change in resistance with temperature of the nanocomposite material is substantially that of the high resistivity material and that the resistance of the nanocomposite materials is intermediate to that of the high resistivity materials and that of the low resistivity material.
2. The resistor of
3. The resistor of
4. The resistor of
5. The resistor of
6. The resistor of
7. A nano-composite thin film material comprising:
a vanadium target simultaneously co-sputtered with a noble metal in a reaction chamber containing argon gas and a controlled oxygen concentration to produce the nanocomposite thin film of an amorphous vanadium oxide in combination with the noble medal co-dispersed in the thin film.
8. The material of
9. The resistor of
10. A nano-composite thin film resistor consisting essential of:
a vanadium target simultaneously co-sputtered with a noble metal in a reaction chamber containing argon gas and a controlled oxygen concentration to produce the nanocomposite thin film of an amorphous vanadium oxide in combination with the noble medal co-dispersed in the thin film.
11. The resistor of
This invention claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/981,238 filed Oct. 19, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to semiconducting materials, and in particular to improvements in conventional amorphous semiconducting materials used as temperature dependent resistors and in micro-bolometers to increase sensitivity for infrared imaging and detection.
In the past, infrared imaging and detection was mainly of interest for photon detectors used in military applications. Infrared photon detectors have excellent performance in their detection range and response time, but are very expensive and must be cooled at cryogenic temperature to insure high performance.
With today's heightened interest in security and surveillance, the civilian sector requires infrared detection and imaging; thus the market is asking for devices at lower cost. Microbolometers have become the instrument of choice for infrared imaging and detection because they are cheap and can reach quite good performances with a detection range and a response time good enough for civil applications.
The microbolometer infrared imaging industry is estimated to have a value of several hundred million dollars annually. Microbolometers are thermal sensors that operate on the principle that radiation is absorbed by a sensible material that turns temperature changes into measurable resistance changes. To have the highest sensibility, the thermal conductance between the sensible film and the substrate must be minimized. Thus, the sensible film of microbolometers is deposited on a suspended thermally insulating membrane, such as silicon nitride. To have a fast response time, the thermal capacity must be minimized.
Infrared images are maps of heat or thermal radiation. Each temperature range is assigned a visible light color to represent it, allowing the infrared measurements to be translated into an image that we can see. For example, infrared cameras detect heat radiation that can be used to ōseeö the heat from warm blooded animalsŚeven at night. Deer in a forest would be invisible to an ordinary human eye or to an ordinary camera. However, an infrared camera can capture an image of such an animal that cannot be obtained from a visible light image.
The following references reveal the state of the art in the use of semiconducting materials related to infrared imaging.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,961,168 to A. Agrawal, et al. describes durable electrooptic devices comprising ionic liquids.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,453 to Vigliotti et al discloses thermal sensors prepared from nanostructured powders.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,775 to Vigliotti et al describes reducing manufacturing and raw material costs for device manufactured with nanostructured powders.
U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0132101 to Fonash et al describes deposited thin film void-column network materials comprising a network of silicon columns in a continuous void creating a porous continuous film.
U.S. Patent Publication 2004/0005483 to Lin describes perovskite manganites for use in coatings for blocking electromagnetic interference fields (EMIs).
U.S. Patent Publication 2004/0108628 to Yadav et al describes nanostructured devices from ceramic nanomaterials.
U.S. Patent Publication 2004/0180203 to Yadav et al discloses nanomaterial compositions with distinctive shape and morphology.
U.S. Patent Publication 2004/0161949 to Yadav et al discloses semiconductor and device nanotechnology and methods for their manufacture.
U.S. Patent Publication 2006/0068080 to Yadav et al discloses combinatorial discovery of nanomaterials.
D. Zintu et al in ōDual Ion Beam Sputtering Vanadium Dioxide Microbolometers by Surface Micromachiningö Infrared Physics & Technology 43 (2002) pages 254-250 describes microbolometer prototypes that are prepared using amorphous vanadium dioxide as the sensible material. The prototypes performances are close to the state of the art with detection range and response time of a few milliseconds.
The use of vanadium oxides as semiconductor materials in bolometers is discussed by Paul W. Kruse in Uncooled Thermal Energy; Arrays, Systems and Applications, Chapter 4, ōResistive Bolometers,ö STIE Press, Bellingham Wash. (2002).
Improvements in semiconductor materials and other material applications require a basic improvement over normal physical limitations. It would be desirable to have more options in high performance, increased sensitivity, semiconducting materials used as temperature dependent resistors and in microbolometers for infrared imaging and detection.
The present invention provides a ōdrop inö replacement of semiconducting materials and a significant improvement in current semiconducting materials for resistors and microbolometer technology.
A primary objective of the present invention is to provide thin films suitable for replacing the temperature sensing material in conventional resistors.
A secondary objective of the present invention is to provide thin films suitable for replacing the temperature sensing material in conventional microbolometers.
A third objective of the present invention is to provide a synthetic method for the formation of thin films suitable for replacing the temperature sensing material in conventional microbolometers.
A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide an improved semiconducting material that provides a large negative temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic of large bandgap semiconducting materials in materials having significantly reduced resistivity.
A fifth objective of the present invention is to provide improved performance of infrared imaging microbolometers.
A sixth objective of the present invention is to provide improved performance of electronic sensor applications.
A seventh objective of the present invention is to provide a thin-film structure consisting of crystalline regions of noble metal within an amorphous semiconducting oxide.
A preferred resistor includes a mixture of a high resistivity material and a low resistivity material combined such that the change in resistance with temperature of the composite material is substantially that of the high resistivity material and that the resistance of the composite materials is intermediate to that of the high resistivity materials and that of the low resistivity material.
The preferred resistor is in the form of a thin film and consists of two materials that are combined as a nanocomposite material.
It is also preferred that the resistor is formed by simultaneous deposition of both materials, wherein the high resistivity material is a semiconductor and the low resistivity material is a metal; preferably, the semiconductor is an amorphous oxide and the metal is a noble metal.
A more preferred resistor includes a thin film of an amorphous oxide in combination with a noble metal, wherein the amorphous oxide is an oxide of vanadium and the metal is selected from the group consisting of: gold, platinum, palladium, indium, gallium, copper, and silver.
A preferred process for improving the electrical properties of an amorphous oxide-noble metal thin film resistor includes the simultaneous deposition of an amorphous oxide and a noble metal using thin film deposition sources to form a nanocomposite layer.
The preferred process of forming a thin film resistor includes the steps of selecting a vessel having a main reaction chamber with a plurality of sputter gun targets and a load lock chamber, selecting a plurality of sputter guns connected to a power supply and directed to the plurality of sputter gun targets, selecting a first set of shutters that are integrated into each of the sputter guns, selecting a second set of shutters that cover a deposition source in the main reaction chamber, operating the load lock chamber to isolate the main reaction chamber from exposure to the atmosphere, controlling the pressure of gases inside the main reaction chamber forming a vacuum condition to eliminate contaminants, using a magnetically coupled load arm to deliver a sample of amorphous oxide and noble metal material to the plurality of sputter gun targets in the main reaction chamber, isolating the sample of amorphous oxide and noble metal material from the deposition substrate by the second set of shutters, activating the power supply to operate the plurality of sputter guns directed to the sputter gun targets loaded with amorphous oxide and noble metal material, depositing a thin film of amorphous oxide and noble metal material onto the deposition substrate while the first set of shutters on the plurality of sputter guns blocks the stream of material from exiting each gun, and transferring the thin film on the deposition substrate from the main reaction chamber through the load lock chamber for removal of the thin film and evaluation as a resistor.
The preferred process for forming a thin film resistor, further includes the step of rotating the sample of amorphous oxide and metal material about a central axis during the deposition process, wherein the amorphous oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of vanadium and amorphous silicon and the metal is selected from the group consisting of: gold, platinum, palladium, indium, gallium, copper, and silver
The preferred structure of a thin film resistor includes an amorphous semiconducting oxide having crystalline regions of a noble metal within the amorphous oxide; the amorphous oxide is vanadium oxide and the crystalline noble metal is gold.
A preferred method for fabricating vanadium oxideŚnoble metal thin film composites includes selecting a processing vessel a first chamber and a second chamber, coating a plurality of substrates with thermally insulating membranes, mounting the plurality of substrates on a holder in the first chamber, allowing oxygen and argon to flow until the flow and the second chamber pressure stabilizes, loading the mounted substrates into the second chamber with vanadium and a noble metal, applying power to the vanadium noble metal target, depositing removably a thin film of vanadium oxide noble metal on the substrate inside the second chamber, and removing vanadium oxide noble metal thin film composites for use in infrared imaging and detection.
The preferred method uses a first chamber is a load lock chamber and a second chamber that is a main processing chamber, wherein the noble metal is selected from at least one of platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) and the vanadium oxide noble metal is gold (Au) addition to vanadium oxide; the vanadium oxide is selected from at least one of VO2, V2 O3 and V2O5.
A preferred composition of matter that is useful as a nanocomposite microbolometer thin film consists of vanadium oxide with noble metal clusters prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering, wherein the noble metal clusters are selected from at least one of platinum (Pt) and gold (Au), more preferably, the noble metal clusters are gold (Au).
The preferred composition of matter has thermal coefficient resistance (TCR) values and low resistivity that increase the sensitivity of a microbolometer used in infrared imaging and detection.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of a presently preferred embodiment which is illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings.
Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
Acronyms and abbreviations used herein are listed and explained below:
Incorporated herein by reference is an in depth study of the physical and electrical properties of vanadium oxide as a semiconductor material by Vu Huynh Lam in ōElectrical Properties of Reactive Magnetron Sputtered Vanadium Oxide Thin Films,ö Master's Thesis, University of Central Florida, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Orlando, Fla., (2006) (Unpublished).
Vanadium oxide is a semiconductor material that is well established for infrared sensors. It is well known that vanadium oxide can take many forms; more than 10 distinct oxide phases with different electronic properties, ranging from metallic to insulating, and a number of vanadium oxides undergo metal-insulator transitions at different temperatures. Vanadium dioxide, for example, exhibits such a transition at T=340 K. However for this invention, only the amorphous phase is used in the preparation of thin films. Vanadium oxide (VOx) is used to symbolize vanadium-oxygen compounds in the amorphous phase, a preferred material over other semiconductors due to its non-hysteretic response and high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) with respect to its resistivity values. However, the present invention may use other semiconducting materials, such as, but not limited to amorphous oxides and amorphous silicon, and specifically may use an amorphous oxide such as, but not limited to, vanadium oxide in a variety of vanadium-oxygen compounds.
Both TCR and resistivity are two important parameters that determine the performance and sensitivity of microbolometer thin films used in infrared imaging. In general, a high TCR value is accompanied by a high resistivity. Ideally, the semiconductor material preferably would obtain high TCR with low resistivity. The present invention provides a novel nano-composite microbolometer thin film with high TCR value and low resistivity.
The basic operation of a bolometer can be described as follows. Infrared radiation is emitted and absorbed through a bolometer that changes the resistance of the bolometer thin film. This change in resistance is converted into an image by the CMOS Read out Integrated Circuit (ROIC) below the surface of the thin film. A microbolometer has a micro-bridge structure that is uniquely designed for infrared detection as shown in
Vanadium oxide has been established and is well recognized to be a material that has a high resistivity change with temperature and is suitable for bolometer fabrication. In the present invention, vanadium oxide thin films have been deposited using DC magnetron sputtering method and the electrical properties were characterized such as TCR and resistivity. The deposited vanadium oxide displayed high TCR values with low resistivity. However, in order to improve the sensitivity of the bolometer thin film, resistivity of vanadium oxide films can be further reduced. For this purpose, noble metals such as platinum and gold are used to co-sputter with vanadium to deposit vanadium oxide. Platinum doped vanadium oxide yields a great reduction in resistivity, however, its TCR values also reduced as well. Unlike platinum, gold doped vanadium oxide presents a smaller reduction in resistivity but maintains high TCR values.
An alternative method to reduce resistivity of vanadium oxide is by lowering the percentage of oxygen concentration while sputtering from vanadium metal targets. However, this provides a lower resistivity and a lower TCR and does not, by itslf, present an improvement. The results presented in this invention provide a new relationship between the TCR and resistivity values which makes it a novel method to develop an ideal material for bolometer thin film.
Both TCR and resistivity are two important parameters that determine the performance of the bolometer thin films used in infrared imaging. Unfortunately, the TCR of semiconductors has a simple physical limit which determines their performance for bolometer thin films. In general, a higher TCR value is accompanied by an extremely high resistivity. For example, intrinsic silicon can be used to demonstrate the TCR and resistivity relationship with respect to hypothetical changes in band gap energy. The resistivity of intrinsic silicon at room temperature can be written as follows:
Vanadium oxides can have multiple stoichiometries and can be categorized based on their structures as crystalline or amorphous. Research has been performed to study these properties of both types of structures. Crystalline vanadium oxide has shown a dramatic resistivity vs. temperature effects due to a semiconductor to metal phase transition. When the temperature rises over a transition point, the crystal structure of VO2 will change from a monoclinic phase into tetragonal rutile phase. At the same time, high optical transmission of the crystalline vanadium oxide will change to low optical transmission. Different compositions of crystalline vanadium oxides experience phase transitions at different temperatures.
For example, when the temperature reaches 68░ C., VO2 undergoes a phase transition as shown in
For crystalline VO2, the resistance can drop 5 orders of magnitude at the transition temperature, which makes it very attractive to many applications such as photoelectric switch, solar control, and defense laser radiation. Unfortunately, this phase transition is hysteretic.
Thus, amorphous VOx is a better choice for sensor applications for its non-hysteretic property. Many applications have used amorphous VOx as a sensor material due to it high TCR value and low resistivity. Such applications include light detectors, surveillance, night vision, detection of gas leakage, infrared detectors, and thermochromic smart windows. Many other amorphous semiconductors have been studied as alternative films for bolometer applications. Such materials include amorphous silicon, yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO), and amorphous germanium, and these are also candidate semiconducting materials for the realization of this invention. So far, amorphous vanadium oxide is the preferred material for bolometer applications and is chosen as an illustrative example of the invention.
A variety of deposition techniques have been used to develop vanadium oxides; however, the most common and simplified technique to develop vanadium oxide is reactive magnetron sputtering deposition. With this technique, crystalline and amorphous vanadium oxide can be formed.
Other parameters that are used to control the crystal structure of vanadium oxide are the temperature and the oxygen concentration during and after deposition. The most common technique found in literature is to anneal the deposited vanadium oxide sample in oxygen/argon ambient at high or low temperature to yield a crystalline film. Annealing can also be performed to modify the properties of amorphous vanadium oxide films. Studies have been performed to develop vanadium oxide with a different range of temperatures and different percentages of oxygen concentration to yield variety of vanadium oxide compositions. These compositions can be either crystalline or amorphous. The compositions of the crystalline materials are VO2, V2O3, and V2O5. Elevated temperature, in the range of 200░ C. to 500░ C., can be used during deposition or during post-deposition annealing to promote crystallization of the vanadium oxide sample. The percentages of oxygen can range from 6% to 50%. Within these ranges of temperature and oxygen, the resulting vanadium oxide is typically crystalline.
The present invention is illustrated by the use of amorphous vanadium oxide/noble metal thin films, therefore, room temperature deposition in a low percentage of oxygen is used and no post-deposition annealing at high temperature is performed.
Reactive Magnetron Sputtering System
Sputtering processes normally use argon gas because argon does not react with the target material allowing thin films to be formed. The addition of a gas that reacts with the target material, such as oxygen, will form compounds of the material and the reactant. To determine how vanadium oxide is formed using reactive magnetron sputtering a reactive gas test was performed.
Because the sputtering system uses a DC power supply that allows both voltage and current to float while maintaining constant power, the target voltage can be easily measured and used to infer changes in the impedance of the sputtering plasma. The gun in which the target is mounted is designed to provide a narrow range of impedance to the power supply. With the addition of a reactive gas the impedance of the target changes. Using the fixed conditions of 200 Watts of DC power and a chamber pressure of 4.0 mTorr while introducing increased amounts of oxygen the voltages were recorded.
The plot of gun voltage vs. oxygen percentage has two distinct regions and a very sharp transition point. The lower voltage region, less than about 12.5% oxygen, corresponds to primary metallic vanadium target surface while for oxygen concentrations above 15% the target surface is fully oxidized.
In the metallic region, both argon and oxygen ions bombarded the target's surface to sputter away metallic vanadium atoms and those that have reacted with oxygen. With a small amount of oxygen concentration in the chamber both vanadium and vanadium oxide can be sputtered from the target surface. As these atoms condense on the substrate surface, further oxidation can occur to form an amorphous VOx thin film. As the oxygen concentration in the deposition chamber increases, the target surface begins to oxidize and will continue to oxidize until the entire surface is fully oxidized and it will become difficult to deposit a low resistivity film. For the present invention, it is preferred that low resistivity and high TCR values be maintained, thus the low oxygen concentration in a range of from approximately 0.025% to approximately 3.0%, is most preferred.
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) 98 is used to measure the partial pressure of all the gases present inside the chamber. The sample is isolated from the deposition sources by a series of shutters (not shown). The primary shutters are integrated into each of the six individual sputter guns which block the stream of material from exiting each gun. The secondary or substrate shutter 100 covers the entire sample area and blocks the stream of material even if one or more of the individual gun shutters are opened. To produce a more uniform deposition the sample is rotated about a central axis throughout the deposition process.
The vacuum condition of the main chamber is critical to the outcome of the thin film depositions. For this reason prior to any deposition, the chamber is pumped down to less than 5.0ū10−8 Torr. In this pressure range most contaminates are eliminated. To accurately control the percentage of oxygen present in the chamber with a mixed gas consisting of 20% oxygen in argon and is supplied through one mass flow controller and is diluted with 100% argon gas supplied by a second mass flow controller. To calculate the flow rate of the mixed gas the following formula is used.
For each deposition run, two substrates were coated, one substrate was a silicon base with 300 nm of SiO2 and another substrate was a glass slide with 3 liftoff lines. The substrates are mounted on a holder that is transferred between the load lock 90 and the main chamber 95. The substrates are then deposited with vanadium oxide and removed for evaluation.
Both temperature and resistance data were recorded by use of a personal computer (PC)-based data acquisition system 115 which was also used to calculate each VOx sample's TCR value. After each TCR measurement is completed, the temperature of the hot plate is cooled back down to room temperature prior to the next measurement. A fan 120 and alcohol wipes are used to accelerate the cooling process. To summarize, a total of 3 TCR measurements are made for each sample and averaged for the final TCR value.
The examples below provide further detail on the fabrication and electrical properties of reactive magnetron sputtered vanadium oxide thin films.
Using the equipment configuration of
In addition to determining that resistivity can be further reduced by introducing metallic regions inside the amorphous VOx thin films, forming a nanocomposite thin film, it was also determined that reaction chamber conditions and background gas also have an impact on the properties of the VOx thin films. The metallic regions inside the amorphous oxides are preferably, noble metals, such as, but not limited to platinum and gold. In general, a wide range of semiconducting materials with different metallic regions may be useful embodiments of this invention, but care must be taken in the choice of the specific semiconducting and metal materials, or in the processing of the materials, that the properties of the semiconductor material are not excessively degraded by contact with the metal, and vice versa.
Using the equipment configuration of
Based on this experiment, platinum can improve vanadium oxide film's resistivity; however, TCR values dropped undesirably.
Using the equipment configuration of
Significantly, the initial TCR value for the smallest gold addition to VOx was not reduced with respect to the pure vanadium oxide sample. These data show that gold additions to vanadium oxide can improve resistivity and still maintain high TCR values as illustrated in
Gold additions have a more gradual resistivity effect and initially there is no reduction in TCR with gold additions as shown in
In order to confirm the gold data are correct and reproducible, another set of gold addition samples was generated. The resistivity of the second gold series showed a gradual decrease, similar to the first gold series. However, TCR values of the second gold series showed a slightly different trend.
Both gold series were re-measured in term of TCR; and during this process, the improved technique for TCR measurement was developed and established. The inconsistency of TCR values was caused by the variation in the residual heat within hot plate at the start of each measurement run. By removing all excess heat, equilibrium temperature was achieved; thus providing improved consistency for all the TCR measurements.
For both series, 10 Watts of DC power for gold yielded the highest TCR and the lowest resistivity when compared to the amorphous vanadium oxide sample. The repeatability of gold additions to amorphous vanadium oxide was successfully established with the improved values in terms of TCR and resistivity. The data from these experiments is summarized in Table I below.
Using noble metals co-sputtered with single vanadium target was a success in terms of finding a new technique to improve the properties of amorphous vanadium oxide.
It is a primary concern that the electrical properties of the vanadium oxide thin films exhibit reduced resistivity while maintaining high Temperature Coefficient Resistance (TCR) values. Amorphous vanadium oxide/noble metal thin films have been prepared that are suitable for replacing the amorphous material in conventional microbolometers.
The present invention provides a new technique for fabricating microbolometer thin films for infrared imaging. Techniques were used to control the amount of oxygen precisely during deposition. TCR measurement techniques are provided with improved repeatability and accurate results. The gold addition to amorphous vanadium oxide yields higher TCR and lower resistivity.
While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.
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Moody's strips UK of coveted triple-A debt rating
NEW YORK/LONDON (Reuters) - Britain suffered its first ever sovereign ratings downgrade from a major agency on Friday, after Moody's stripped the country of its coveted top-notch triple-A rating, dealing a major blow to finance minister George Osborne.
Moody's cut Britain's rating by one notch to Aa1 from Aaa, with a stable outlook, blaming weak prospects for Britain's economy over the coming years which have thrown the government's deficit reduction strategy off course.
Austerity has been the watch word for Osborne's fiscal policy since his Conservative-led coalition came to power in 2010 after an election in which he vowed to defend Britain's triple-A rating, which keeps down borrowing costs.
But weak growth - which the opposition Labour Party blames partly on too much austerity - has pushed the government's goal of largely eliminating the budget deficit by 2015 at least two years off track.
Many in financial markets had expected at least one major agency to downgrade Britain this year.
Following the release of January public finances data on Thursday, the government's fiscal watchdog said the government may struggle to reduce borrowing at all during the current fiscal year, which finishes at the end of March.
Britain now joins the United States and France in having lost its triple-A rating from at least one major agency, having held the top-notch rating from Moody's and S&P since 1978, and from Fitch Ratings since 1994.
Moody's said that despite considerable structural economic strengths, Britain's growth is expected to be sluggish due to a combination of weaker global economic activity and a drag "from the ongoing domestic public and private-sector de-leveraging process."
Trend growth for Britain's economy is between 2 and 2.5 percent, Moody's sovereign credit analyst Sarah Carlson said in a telephone interview with Reuters.
"We see growth slowly building back up to that trend ... but if you take a combination of the growth and fiscal dynamics, the result is that the debt burden of gross general debt to GDP peaks in 2016, which is substantially later than was expected a few years ago," she said.
Osborne insisted in a statement that now was not the time to change course and borrow more to boost growth, which the Labour Party as well as some political allies have recommended.
"Tonight we have a stark reminder of the debt problems facing our country and the clearest possible warning to anyone who thinks we can run away from dealing with those problems," he said. "Far from weakening our resolve to deliver our economic recovery plan, this decision redoubles it."
Sterling fell to around $1.5160 after the downgrade from about $1.5240, just off Thursday's fresh 2-1/2-year low.
"It's a pretty big deal. We didn't see a huge reaction in the pound because it's late in the New York session. But you'll see some more aggressive selling when the markets open (in Asia) on Sunday," said Kathy Lien, managing director at BK Asset Management in New York.
But Charles Diebel, a fixed income strategist at British bank Lloyds, was more sanguine about the impact of the downgrade on British government debt prices.
"This has been speculated as inevitable and is most likely largely in the market. I would expect only very limited damage to the gilt curve and to sterling. Historically, losing your AAA is actually a bond bullish event," he said. (Additional reporting by Steven C. Johnson in New York and Michael Holden in London; Editing by James Dalgleish and Jon Hemming)
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India approves $2.6 billion mounted gun purchase - official
India approved on Saturday the purchase of 814 mounted gun systems for the army at a cost of 157.5 billion rupees ($2.55 billion), a defence ministry spokesman said. Full Article
Power Theft
India to invest $4 billion to tackle power theft Full Article
Debt Funds
India monitors foreign flows into debt funds, may tighten rules Full Article
Bulgari Back in India
CEO: we shouldn't have left India so we're back Full Article
Hindu "Modi-fication"
Fears grow about Hindu "Modi-fication" of education Full Article
Weak Credit
Hard to hit tax revenue target, credit weak - Jaitley Full Article
China Rate Cut
China surprises with interest rate cut to spur growth Full Article
Gold Imports
RBI cautious on response to gold import surge Full Article
Economic Corridor
China commits $45.6 billion for economic corridor with Pakistan Full Article
Overseas Funds
RBI says overseas borrowed funds can be parked with banks in India Full Article
Reuters India Mobile
Get the latest news on the go. Visit Reuters India on your mobile device Full Coverage


text:
Marled Double V-Neck Sweater
Item# AS-022821_407300W
$39.50 $6.98 $4.19
Chunky knit sweaters are cool weather closet staples and this is one you won't want to pass up. Marled with a double v-neckline, this cozy number is perfect for everyday wear. 3/4 sleeves and ribbed hemline finish it off. Team with our soft butter jeggings and top off with a fierce faux leather jacket for a fall-ready edgy style.
- Machine wash cold
- 100% Acrylic
- Acrylic
Please Select a Size and Color
- Size
Special Offer
Now Black Friday - Extra 40% off! Details
Take an extra 40% off. Can not be combined with any other offer.


text:
Awestruct is a static site baking and publishing tool. It supports an extensive list of both templating and markup languages via Tilt (Haml, Slim, AsciiDoc, Markdown, Sass via Compass, etc), provides mobile-first layout and styling via Bootstrap or Foundation, offers a variety of deployment options (rsync, git, S3), handles site optimizations (minification, compression, cache busting), includes built-in extensions such as blog post management and is highly extensible.
gem 'awestruct', '~> 0.5.5'
gem install awestruct


text:
Find an Internship or Volunteer in N Hollywood, California ( CA )
If you're looking for internships or volunteer work in N Hollywood, California or even to get a summer job, you've come to the right place! With over 30,000 around the county, chances are that GrooveJob.com has the right job for you and wants to be your only source for finding internships and volunteer positions in N Hollywood, California.
We've got plenty of intern and volunteer work in N Hollywood, California. Check out the list of employers below who have positions in N Hollywood. Remember to check back with Groovejob.com on a regular basis. We add new internships and volunteer jobs listings to our database every week, so you'll find new opportunities every time you check back with us.
|Browse by Employer (Click On Logos)
|Click for Intern or Volunteer at SEAWORLD ADVENTURE PARK
|Click for Intern or Volunteer at INROADS
Jobs by Title
Sports Media - Intern -Spring 2015 Undergra-Marketing
…ways to work together. Current projects and tasks that will be assigned to the intern (s): The FOX Sports Ohio Intern will be...
Los Angeles, CA
FALL Internship - Intern , Faction Radio (SiriusXM Los Angeles)
…to integrity, excellence, and diversity among its employees. **Job Description:** Intern will support SiriusXM Faction Radio. Faction...
Los Angeles, CA
Sports Management - Law Enforcement Torch Run Intern
…for, and manage the fundraising events specific to the campaign. In addition the intern will create logistics and handle sponsorship...
Long Beach, CA
Sports Management - Special Events and Corporate Partnerships Intern
…excellent verbal, written, and organizational skills. Special Events and Corporate Partnerships Intern This is a great position for...
Long Beach, CA
Sports Management - Marketing and Communications Intern
…with excellent verbal, written, and organizational skills. Marketing and Communications Intern Assists the Assistant Vice President...
Long Beach, CA
Sports Management - Marketing Intern - Amgen Tour of
…Tour of California is seeking fall interns to join the Marketing Team. The internship will provide an opportunity to gain access and...
El Segundo, CA
Sports Management - Merchandise Marketing And E-commerce Intern
…sourcing, production, distribution and retail of all merchandise opportunities. Our internship program is designed to promote the...
Los Angeles, CA
Sports Media - Production Intern -Los Angeles-Spring
…Currently enrolled as a junior or senior in an accredited college/university Internship Program Type Professional Internship ...
Los Angeles, CA
Sports and Fitness - Youth Sports Internship
Under direction of the Sports Director, the Youth Sports intern will assist in the development, implementation, administration, and...
Los Angeles, CA
Grad Intern - Biostats (Summer 2015)
Auto req: 27979BR Job Posting Title: Grad Intern - Biostats (Summer 2015) Career Category: College Job Employee Subgroup: Seasonal FT...
South, CA
Films Spring 2015: Publicity & Promotions Intern - Entertainment - TV - Film
…or university, and you must be able to provide verification for your internship opportunity. EEO Statement Equal Opportunity Employer...
Los Angeles, CA
Films Spring 2015: Development Intern - Entertainment - TV - Film
…Must be a currently enrolled student in order to apply for the internship . Required Qualifications Available to work 2-3 full days....
Los Angeles, CA
Technical Designer/TD Intern
…please reply with salary requirements and availability. We will also look at an intern arrangement so if you are interested in this...
Commerce, CA
Spring Intern - Drama Development - Entertainment - Radio
Our goal for the Drama Development Intern is to expose them to the network drama development process so they have a better understanding...
Films: Finance Intern - Entertainment and Media Industry Opportunity
…Llewyn Davis" (December 6 - NY/LA; December 20 - Expansion). Job Description: Intern should be a business student or interested...
Los Angeles, CA
Spring Intern - Talent & Casting - Entertainment - TV
The Talent and Casting intern will receive invaluable insight into the operation of a casting office at a television network, working...
Spring Intern - Entertainment Diversity & Communic - Entertainment - TV
…events * Assist in managing Entertainment Diversity social media accounts The CBS Internship Program is designed to provide students...
Films: Finance Intern - Entertainment - TV - Film
Intern should be a business student or interested in business and finance, preferably in the entertainment business. Intern will perform...
Los Angeles, CA
Publicity Intern - Entertainment and Media Industry Opportunity
SUMMARY OF POSITION Warner Bros. Worldwide Television Marketing is seeking an Intern for the Communications & Publicity department....
Burbank, CA
Technology Summer Internship - Principled Lens Mod - Entertainment - TV - Film
…be the focus of this project. In addition to achieving certain primary goals, the intern will be given the opportunity to see how...
Burbank, CA
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text:
It is obvious that Project Management Software tools are very popular today. There are many different project management applications out there, which also means many different approaches to project management.
CRM and project management solution for SMBs.
Enables businesses to create strong relationships with customers.
Created for businesses with one to 200 employees.
Integrates with many of the most popular business apps.
Linking feature gives users a 360-degree view of their business networks.
Combines project management, resource planning, collaboration, and financial tools.
Helps service businesses improve productivity and profitability.
Detailed time tracking, expense management, and budget management features.
Group collaboration encourages colleagues to stay on task.
Allocate resources to tasks and deliverables.
Clarizen uniquely combines true social collaboration with powerful project management to align your team and drive increased productivity and profitability. Fast to deploy and easy to use, Clarizen harnesses the power of the cloud to help you get work done on time, on budget and with better results.
Very good for smaller businesses
If you are small business owner under 10 employees Insightly is an awesome customer management system. I have tried several other CRMs that are excellent but the adoption rate for my employees was not very high.
I couldn't live without it!
Mavenlink strikes the perfect balance between robustness and ease of use. Adoption is easy and the ability to scale the platform to our specific needs is unbelievable.
All in one place
Clarizen brings all of our previously disparate levers and knobs into one package. Since deploying, they have constantly upgraded and innovated to allow for more capability and smoother operation.
Never Again!!
I used to be one of Insightly's greatest supporters. I have been using the system for a year and had everything regarding the sales efforts of the company I work for programmed in there.
Not impressed. Wasted money.
Mavenlink has over-promised and under-delivered in a key way for my team. This has resulted in $1400+ being wasted on a tool that we will not use.
Great Project Management tool
Clarizen is the most versatile saas solution for all kinds of project managers. It's highly collaborative and communication solution.
Pricing model: Freemium, Subscription
Free Trial: Available
Pricing model: Subscription
Free Trial: Available
Pricing model: Subscription
Free Trial: Available


text:
November 7, 9, 12, 14, 19, 21, 26
December 3, 5
Wolfie, Syd, Barry and Harriet invite you into their magical world where anything is possible when you use your imagination. Whether it's The Tortoise And The Hare or The Boy Who Cried Wolf, everyone knows at least one of Aesop's great Fables. In this spellbinding production, storytellers use song, dance and drama to bring these famous Fables to life.
Directed by Claire McDonald.
Start planning for your future at UST with our free application.
Apply now
Faith is an important component of our Catholic education.
Read more
Nominate the 2015 Mardi Gras King and Queen11/24/2014
The University of St. Thomas is accepting nominations for the 2015 Mardi Gras King and ...
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2007 Itasca Navion 23.5 ft Motorhome - $46,999
condition: excellent size / dimensions: 23.5
Beautiful 2007 Itasca Navion 23.5 ft, Model 23-H Motor Home
Dodge Sprinter chasis, generator, 2.7L CDI 5 Cylinder, Turbo Diesel 154 - hp automatic 5 speed transmission, 4 wheel ABS ...
Nov 26 -
Orange County :
Santa Ana
2007 Itasca Navion 23.5 ft Motorhome - $42,999
condition: excellent size / dimensions: 23.5
Beautiful 2007 Itasca Navion 23.5 ft, Model 23-H Motor Home
Dodge Sprinter chasis, generator, 2.7L CDI 5 Cylinder, Turbo Diesel 154 - hp automatic 5 speed transmission, 4 wheel ABS ...
Nov 26 -
Inland Empire :
2007 Itasca Navion 23.5 ft Motorhome - $42,999
Dodge Sprinter chasis, generator, 2.7L CDI 5 Cylinder, Turbo Diesel 154 - hp automatic 5 speed transmission, 4 wheel ABS w/skid control, 150 amp, alternator, dual rear wheels, trailer hitch 3,500 lb draw bar.
* Mercedes diesel ...
Nov 26 -
Los Angeles :
Long Beach
MUST SELL!!!! Gulf Stream Friendship MO D E L 8408FS. 40' class a diesel motorhome. 37,000 Miles. Excellent condition. 4 slides, Lane change cameras added. 4yr warranty sold with coach. OBO.
Interior & Decor • High Gloss Walnut Hardwood Interior • Fabric-Covered Shelving in ...
Nov 24 -
Sacramento :
Rio Linda
Affordable and very easy to maneuver in tight spaces and going down the road, this 26' 8" TRAIL-LITE by R-Vision coach is AWESOME!!! It has all the amenities of a larger coach with BOTH a sofa and a dinette as well as a master bed, it will sleep 6. The front captain chairs ...
Nov 18 -
Inland Empire :
Rancho Cucamonga
1989 Ford Chinook class B motorhome. 460 EFI motor with only 105k miles. Runs great and very clean interior. P/windows, P/door locks, A/C, aftermarket alarm system, 2 awnings, Storage pod on roof, Solar panel, 3 way refer, 2 fantastic vents, Roof air, Onan generator, tow ...
Nov 18 -
Inland Empire :
2000 Gulfstream class A motorhome, 35' with large kitchen sofa bed slide, separate head with door, sleeps 6 easy, 24,000 miles, owned since 2002 no problems, tow package with elect brakes and receiver, 2 air conditioners,2 TVs and surround sound, dinette makes into large bed ...
Nov 16 -
Inland Empire :
Model 38S with triple slide-outs. This very nice coach is offered by its Original Owners. Built on a Freightliner Chassis and powered by a Caterpillar 300 hp, Allison 6 speed auto trans, full air ride, air brakes, 116,000 reliable, well maintained miles, 7.5 KW Onan diesel ...
Nov 13 -
Los Angeles :
1976 Dodge Fireball motorhome 22ft RUNS- REGISTERED 2015 - SMOG sleep 6 no leaks interior upholstery needs some work stop by anytime come see for your self 3100 S.vermont ave Los angeles, Ca 90007 or Text 323-208-8638
Nov 11 -
Los Angeles :
Los Angeles
1997 Georgie boy cruise master powered by a CUMMINGS TURBOCHARGE DIESEL PUSHER ENGINE , With an ALLISON 6 SPEED AUTOMATIC TRANSMITTION on a FREIGHLINER CHASSIS THIS COACH FEATURES , HEATHING/ DUAL AIR CONDITION , A LARGE PATIO AWNING, POWER LEVELING , TRAILER ...
Nov 9 -
Los Angeles :
Thousand Oaks
Very high end classic! with good paint, body and engine.88k miles.sleeps four.New Graphics & striping, two new tires others xlnt! COMPLETE VALVE JOB JUST Done late Sept 2011w no miles since then.,radiator cleaned & Soldered, Onan Generator, Microwave, Good refrigerator, ...
Nov 8 -
San Francisco Bay Area :
San Rafael
1978 Dodge Motorhome runs sleep 6 Needs brakes stop by anytime 3100 S Vermont ave Los Angeles Ca 90007 or text 323-208-8638
Nov 6 -
Los Angeles :
Los Angeles
We offer Owner Financing, Assumables, Lease to Own, Take over Payments, Easy Financing, Good credit, Bad credit RV Loans, Easy Qualify, No Credit Check. Small Down Payments. We also take Trades! RV Buyers Advocate Available. Save $1000's.
Nov 6 -
Inland Empire :
Desert Hot Springs
Pac West Trailer Company, Inc.
4190 Roseville Road
North Highlands, CA 95660
Year 1989, Flair Motorhome, Gas, Mileage 15,341, Number USA67354
Come see the many options that this motor home has!
For an Investment of $13,000, plus fees. Available for immediate ...
Nov 3 -
Sacramento :
North Highlands
Rental Only
Owners by a Lease consignment customer
This class A motorhome with all the accommodations of home. For extra space, it is equipped with a large slide-out which holds a comfy couch and nice dinette which both making into beds. Across from the slide-out area is ...
Oct 27 -
San Francisco Bay Area :
Morgan Hill
Try Before You Buy
Contact Internet Sales
Phone 408-612-4700
Get Financed
Stock #: A4206R
Vehicle Status: Used
Miles: 25092
AC: yes
Actual Lot Location: Morgan Hill
Air Conditioner: 1
Auxiliary Battery: 2
Awning: ...
NADA Guide Retail Value 74,610.00, Very Low Miles under Ten thousand, New Tires, Satellite System W/Auto Seek, DVD Player, Home Theater System, Hydraulic Dual Leveling System, Auxiliary Battery, GPS Navigation System, Microwave/Convection Oven, Aluminum RV Wheels (Set of 4) ...
Oct 26 -
Inland Empire :
2011 Custom Made C-Class Motorhome - 31 ft.
This is a one-of-a-kind Custom Class C Motorhome!
$42,900 or Best Offer
Well Maintained in Excellent Condition!!
E450 Ford Chassis
21,260 Miles
Loaded with Extras!!
Sleeps 10 people
32" Front Flat Screen TV
28" Rear Flat Screen TV ...
Oct 25 -
Inland Empire :
2006 National Seabreeze – Model 1321 – $49,900 - 32' w/ 2 Slides – 33,600 miles
Stored Indoors * Stripes repainted * New Tires last year
Flat screen 32" TV custom installed in living room * Plus other upgrades. Recent smog inspection 9/26/14 – have certificate
• Excellent ...
Oct 23 -
Los Angeles :
Agoura Hills
We offer Owner Financing, Assumables, Lease to Own, Take over Payments, Easy Financing, Good credit, Bad credit RV Loans, Easy Qualify, No Credit Check. Small Down Payments. We also take Trades! RV Buyers Advocate Available. Save $1000's.
Oct 21 -
Inland Empire :
Chino Hills
Model 45PBT with 3 Slide-outs. This one has all the goodies. Roadmaster S-Series Chassis, Cummins ISM 500 hp, 32,540 well maintained miles, Allison 4000 auto 6 spd. trans, 2 stage Jake brake, air & hydraulic leveling, 10 KW diesel gen, 3000 watt inverter, solar charger, ...
Oct 20 -
Inland Empire :
New tires, New microwave, Low mileage.
Two pull-outs. One Awning.
2 air conditioners. Auto leveling.
Clean and ready for fun.
One owner.
Oct 16 -
Los Angeles :
Long Beach
If you have any questions please contact 661-944-9300
visit our website at www.BadAssRidez.com
All prices and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Oct 13 -
Los Angeles :
2007 Winnebago Journey 34H Diesel with 2 Slide-outs
This is a (One Owner) Motorhome that was always stored Covered!
Hand Waxed yearly!
Cat 350 hp Diesel with 6 Speed Allison
Freightliner Chassis with Exhaust Brake
Full Body Paint
Fiberglass Roof
7.5 kw Onan Diesel Generator ...
Oct 11 -
Sacramento :
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text:
Pink Floyd, "Louder Than Words" (2014): Something Else! sneak peek
We review the elegiac, deeply moving "Louder Than Words," as Pink Floyd finally puts to rest old arguments.
We review the elegiac, deeply moving "Louder Than Words," as Pink Floyd finally puts to rest old arguments.
Roger Waters left Pink Floyd almost 30 years ago. But their new album has led to new questions about his involvement in the group.
Faithfull's take on a Roger Waters song finds new depths of emotion.
Nick Mason was the lone member of the group to appear in every different lineup.
The Pink Floyd legend was clearly touched by the people, and poverty, of Buenos Aires.
They often quarrelled, but Mason says this was a time of "wanting to achieve the same sort of goal."
Roger Waters returns to his greatest solo triumph, 1992's Amused to Death, for new stereo and 5.1 remixes with James Guthrie, the long-time Pink Floyd engineer. The forthcoming reissue, issued via Columbia-Legacy, will also include new content and graphics.
For too long, founder Roger Waters says, Pink Floyd has been saddled with a genre designation that he finds laughably inappropriate: Space rock. He says the band was always anything but
Never again, unfortunately, would they reach these heights together.
As Roger Waters wraps up a solo tour of The Wall that's been going since 2010, the question becomes: What next? A new album? Almost assuredly. A reunion with the surviving members of Pink Floyd? Well …