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Wednesday, October 19, 2011
A Proposal for Imposing Fiscal Restraint on Law Schools
Brian Tamanaha
Law school tuition has increased at an unrestrained rate in recent years, with a handful of schools now above $50,000 per year, and more poised to follow. As long as students are willing and able to pay what law schools charge, it appears that little can stop this.
Why $45 million per class? Where is this number coming from?
Why anything?
Why should the government involve itself at all, especially if it looks as though this is going to turn into a massive waste of taxpayer money.
I just picked a number. It could be set higher or lower (including 0). The questions you raise are serious and should be discussed.
Simply eliminating Grad PLUS and federally privileged private student loans would do a great deal to help.
Stafford loans top out at $20,500/year (@ 6.8%). Perkins top out at $8,000/year ( @5%) and is already limited by school to only a subset of students. That means that any school that wanted to charge more than $28,500 / year at the most would have to accept students who could: 1) either pay the difference through their own resources or 2) convince a private lender that they are a worth credit risk.
I imagine such lenders will be more than happy to analyze all the factors that go into repayment risk, including school quality, before parting with unsecured loan money.
I would like to see schools have "skin in the game," so to speak.
I think it would appropriate for a school to have to pay 5% of the loss if one of their former students default on their federal student loans. For students of multiple schools (transfers, people who go straight to law school with undergrad debt), it would be appropriate to prorate that by what percentage of the money the student borrowed occurred while that student was enrolled at that school.
This can be tweaked further, but it would provide a huge incentive for schools to do better at helping their students attain jobs, and would provide a force for making sure tuition is being well spent.
The general principles of your plan are extremely sound and would be applied to all universities. Great work.
What will be the mechanism for making law schools pay 5% of the loss if one of their former students defaults on a loan? Does it matter why they defaulted?
You can just have the .gov withhold the money in the first place, and then disperse it after the loans are paid off.
The school should be able to sell this future income stream if it so chooses, though obviously at a discount partly dependent on its quality.
Another mechanism would be for the school to act as a guarantor for the 5%. That would put the onus on the servicer (usually the Dept. of Education these days) to seek redress upon default.
Here's a "what if" to consider:
If student loans had not expanded over the years, would tuitions have risen so much at both colleges and law schools? Did expanding student loans contribute to tuition rises? Was this a matter of supply and demand or something else?
Student loans benefit parents for obvious reasons. And of course they benefit the student who otherwise would not have been able to afford college or law school; but at what costs? Perhaps in the early years, the costs could be handled by an eventual job permitting repayment. But as tuitions rose and thus student loans, at some point there would be problems, like now.
Let's also consider the impact upon the public, the taxpayers, particularly with respect to law school, of high student loans. For the student to effectively pay back the loan (with interest, of course), a high paying job is necessary. The law firm employer of the young and fortunate lawyer surely would pass on the costs of such a high salary to clients. But this same assessment could apply to a young lawyer in a small firm or solo practice in setting fees that would cover the living expenses of the lawyer, including repayment of student loans (with interest, of course).
Should there be a federal policy that addresses this? Compare the federal tax policies that have subsidized home ownership: mortgage interest paid permits for a federal income deduction; property taxes paid permits for a federal income tax deduction. [There are, of course, other subsidies, but these are the major ones for the homeowner.] The student loan interest paid does not result in a federal tax deduction. And discharging student loans via bankruptcy can be difficult. Apparently the subsidies for student loans are most beneficial to lenders since the loans may be guaranteed by the federal government. So the student borrower can end up "under water" similar to many mortgages today.
These are random thoughts, I realize. But perhaps the underlying issues should be addressed rather than the band-aid approach suggested. As I have noted with earlier comments on this subject, my concern is with the consumer who needs appropriate and affordable legal services.
When my father z"l (law '47) and my grandfather z"l (law '14) went to law school it was a program for undergraduates. They entered right after high school. They were awarded an LLB. (bachelor of laws) when they graduated. They were both very fine lawyers.
If we went back to that system, we would save the students as much as $200,000 each.
When I went to law school (law '75), we had classes with upwards of 100 students in them. Those classes were taught by professors who had not published more than a handfull of articles. It certainly helped keep the costs down.
My recommendation would be going back to the undergraduate degree program. Actually, what we should really do is make law a two year program at community colleges. like useful trades such as plumbing. Then it would be affordable for everyone and it would loose the cachet that made it a target for the 1%.
I'm hesitant about the idea of a per school cap, since it would tend to eliminate diversity and competition in the marketplace — schools would be encouraged to all be the same size as the top schools, basically, and students would have less choice between different options. I see why per student caps wouldn't work, but what about per faculty?
I think "Fat Man" above also makes a very good suggestion (though it's unrelated to this thread). I'd just add that there is perhaps a social value to the "cache" of the legal profession, insofar as that cache translates into incentives that help enforce valuable professional norms.
Finally, maybe the way to decrease loans without hurting access is to make the cap for a school tied to a FAFSA-like evaluation of the need of its students.
Verbal precision is a mark of good lawyering.
cachet: 4. superior status; prestige: The job has a certain cachet.
cache 1. a hiding place, especially one in the ground, for ammunition, food, treasures, etc.
2. anything so hidden.
Please excuse the typo. I didn't realize that blog comment threads were in the domain of lawyering. :)
There's no need for a cap, and no reason to think that the federal government would be in a good position to determine the appropriate level.
All that's needed is to revert the treatment of private student loans to what it was prior to 2005, on a prospective basis. Private bank loans for law school will dry up immediately, at least for most students at most schools. Then the schools can get into the lending business, or guarantee the portfolio of loans for the classes they put together, or otherwise creatively address the problem that their management decisions have created.
The loan eligibility requirements applicable to for-profit schools should be applicable to law schools to. They are profit centers, aren't they?
Under the current system, are loans available only based on need, or are they available to most or all students. If the latter, why?
Do the schools themselves, like their undergraduate counterparts, provide substantial need/merit based scholarship aid?
Today's NYTimes (10/25/11) features Clifford Winston's op-ed "Are Law Schools and Bar Exams Necessary?" that may be somewhat of a reaction to high law school tuitions. While this article opens the barn door to potentially provide consumers with lower costs for legal services, there are serious concerns with the quality of such legal services and adequate protections to the consumer for such quality failures. The article is opportunistic on certain failures of law schools that Brian has been addressing. My concern has been and continues to be that the consumer of legal services is entitled to a proper delivery of such services at affordable prices. Winston's proposal does not adequately address this. Perhaps I am too much of an old fogey to comprehend how a virtual deregulation of the practice of law would provide a public benefit. Winston's argument is not new but perhaps law school actions over the years have given the argument new incentive.
Yesterday's (10/29/11) NYTimes Business Day section features on its first page John Eligon's "Selling Pieces of Law Firms — Outside Investors May Take Some Control From Lawyers" that might add some twists to this post. The photo accompanying the article depicts the legal services offerings of Quality Solicitors at the West London store of the retailer WHSmith.
Is the commodification of legal services the future for the profession (assuming it remains a profession)?
Here's something that it occurred to me that I haven't seen in this whole discussion - whether from Prof Tamanaha or Prof Campos - that I would really like to see - what do actual law school budgets look like?
In this post Prof T talks about combined debt per class of in the $90 million ballpark for Cooley and proposed $45 million/class cap.
So, assuming for a moment (and we know this isn't so) that students are funding 100% of their educations through loans, this $45 million cap would give law schools an operating budget of $135 million/year (3 classes in school at any one time).
This seems like an absurdly high number to be spending every year for a law school. My knee-jerk reaction tells me I could run a school with a much lower budget than that. But with the law school being a cash cow for the university, prof salaries, etc, what does the actual breakdown look like?
Prof T, is there any info on this sort of thing that you're able to present? I'd be curious to see it.
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Latest update : 2012-10-23
Soulages, the Black Prince of Abstract Art
Black is still the new black for France's best-known living artist Pierre Soulages, as seen in a new exhibition in Lyon. But first, the perils of an illegal sea voyage from Senegal to Spain are the focus of the film "La Pirogue". Meanwhile, Cathy Richardson from the iconic 1970s group Jefferson Starship joins us in the studio.


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The demise of Newsweek
Newsweek is to literally go out of print at the end of the year. We take a look back at some key front pages. Also, Google and the French government lock horns over a proposed "Google tax" for referencing French media. Finally, British police taser a blind man after confusing his cane for a samurai sword!


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Originally Posted by Grim
Games of Thrones and Breaking Bad ... there's nothing possibly even close to those two. simply god like
House, Dexter, the walking dead, supernatural, just a few
Dragon Ball Z of course
Family guy
The old cartnoonetwork
Originally Posted by The Duke
How is supernatural?? I saw it on hulu and was going to watch it but never did!!
Watch it! If you love horror and supernatural then you will love this! One of the best shows ever!!!
trailer park boys or two and a half men
the wire > -insert any tv show-
Originally Posted by Danzo Auditore De Firenze
Big Bang Theory
Fresh Prince of Belair
Family Guy
How I met your Mother
^this and friends :ice cream!:
prison break is another great tv show...
the wire
*the following 4 are nothing compared to the first 2 , the diffrence is so ridiculous i shouldnt even place them in the same post
Gamr of Thrones
Walking dead
Originally Posted by silmarill
the wire
*the following 4 are nothing compared to the first 2 , the diffrence is so ridiculous i shouldnt even place them in the same post
Gamr of Thrones
Walking dead
you are so right about how you should of not put those shows in the same post as the wire, as you can see on this page, i mentioned another show in a separate post so i would not disrespect the wire's greatness.
My top show of all time is "Angel".
The Walking Dead
Game of Thrones
The Wire
Avatar the Last Air Bender
Supernatural, Dexter and Heroes.
Now this is the story all about how my life got flipped turned upside down
and I'd like to take a minute just sit right there
I'll tell you how I became the prince of a town called Bel Air ♥ Plus HIMYM and Gossip Girl
All time? My fav is Spartacus...but Lost & Sopranos should be on the list.
Originally Posted by The Duke
Sorry everyone didnt mean to make two
I forgives you.
Originally Posted by Mosgoved
the wire > -insert any tv show-
I've never seen it, HBO has it On Demand but they're on S5, I need to start at the beginning.
Originally Posted by Wang
I've never seen it, HBO has it On Demand but they're on S5, I need to start at the beginning.
are you interested in those type of shows? you should look into it to see if it is one of your preferences before you watch it.
also, if you dont know any good tv/movie streaming sites, just ask on here or vm me.
is my all time favorite tv show
and the soundtrack is amazing 33
Firefly and Game of Thrones. Too bad Firefly was ended abruptly, they could have done so much.
Spartacus,KIng of queens
Family guy
2 and half men
The Walking dead
Boondocks ~ God nothing makes me laugh like that show
GAme of Thrones~ The layers.. and intertwining stories and people, just writing on a major level.
Heroes why the FRICK was this show cancelled?!!
Black Dynamite. And what ever else comedian shows are on I'll watch. Televisions getting so generic nowadays, so if I find an interest in it I'll switch over to it. Oh and Bravest Warriors is a new one I like. That's what I watch bro.
Originally Posted by Renegade87
Good choise, but The Wire and Sopranos belong there as well.
Other shows that i can recommend are:
Boardwalk Empire
The Walking Dead
Prison Break
BTW The Boondocks RULES!!! cant wait till the start of season 4.
Same here Boondocks forever
Forum Rules


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G7/ G8 / G20 / Powers in shaping globalization
New players – managing globalization
Germany's foreign policy seeks to take advantage of the opportunities presented by globalization. Only by working together with other countries can Germany have peace and security, prosperity and jobs, environmental protection and biodiversity. In its strategy paper on cooperating with new international players, the German Government outlines how it intends to manage globalization. moreNew players – managing globalization
The Group of Eight (G8) comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America; the European Union is also represented. The cancellation of the Sochi Summit resulted in Russia's G8 presidency being suspended. moreG8/G7
G20 – The Group of Twenty
The G20 Heads of State and Government have been meeting in Summit format since autumn 2008. The Summit plays a key role in the coordination of economic and financial policy among industrialized countries and emerging economies. Cooperation among G20 countries is especially vital in times of financial and economic crisis. moreG20 – The Group of Twenty


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Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin PhD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry; Vice-Chair, Human Investigations Committee II & IV
Departments & Organizations
Cancer Center, Yale: Cancer Prevention and Control
Psychiatry: Connecticut Mental Health Center | Substance Abuse Research | Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism | Center for Nicotine and Tobacco Use Research at Yale (CENTURY) | Psychotherapy Development Center | Addictions, Division of | Women's Behavioral Health Research, Division of | Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science
Research Interests
Substance use; Alcohol; Tobacco; Marijuana; Adolescent; Developmental; Prevention; Cessation; Biobehavioral more...
- Ph.D., Purdue University, 1992
Selected Publications
- Krishnan-Sarin, S., Co-author, "Health consequences of tobacco use by young people" 2010 Surgeon General's Report "Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People".
- Schepis, T.S., Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2009) Sources of prescriptions for misuse by adolescents: Relationships with gender, ethnicity and severity of misuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 48(8): 828-36
- Smith, A.E., Cavallo, D.A., Dahl, T., Wu, R, George, T.P., Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2008) Effect of acute tobacco abstinence in adolescent smokers compared with nonsmokers, Journal of Adolescent Health. 43(1):46-54.


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[QUOTE=Kentucky Jet;3531352]I agree and that would be one less worry on draft day. Id love to see us go DL in rd 1 (or OLB) we must get a pass rusher supreme. Then a RB or CB in rd 2. The rest is gravy. id even take a punter with a big leg- Zolton Mesko, Michigan in rd 7 or a bit sooner.[/QUOTE]
Aren't you scared about us drafting a DE in the first round after our last mistake? I know I am. :yes:


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The latest news in the Ruby and Rails communityGot some news to report? Send it in!
Haml 4.0, why Thunderbolt doesn't use Rails templates, easier Heroku deployments with Paratrooper, shell script testing, yaml exploits, auditing your bundle, and behind the scenes on the RobyMotion Basecamp app all in this episode of Ruby5!
This episode is sponsored by New Relic. New Relic gives you performance monitoring, tracking, and reporting of your web applications.
RubyConf 2014 wrap-up, accelerating your Rails app, RubyGems.org gets redesigned, Heroku wants you to try HTTP Git, and new versions of Rails were released
This episode covers Ruby 2.1.5, the templating libraries Scribble and Curly, a statically-typed Ruby called Rubysierung and Minitest-Reporters.
Tail call optimizations, keeping migrations healthy, how raptor is so much faster, the psychology of SAAS products, and Ru for your CLI all in this episode of the Ruby5!
Command line utilities, autoload paths, a handful of Ruby and Rails releases, security analysis tools, and more on this episode of Ruby5.


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We know that a lot of you have cut the cord this year. According to new numbers, that trend will continue well into 2016.
A new report by MagnaGlobal says that almost 9 million homes will drop traditional pay TV services by 2016. However, that doesn't mean those homes will go without—or even go the OTA (over the air) route. About 4 million of those homes will turn to the web for their entertainment needs.
This is quite the increase, considering the magic number for 2011 was about 455,000 households.
Of course, it helps that people no longer have to huddle around a computer screen. Back in July, we told you that DisplaySearch said that over 25 percent of the TVs shipping this year would have some type web connectivity. Of course, you can get the upgrade without buying a new big screen; there's always Roku, Boxee Box, and even gaming consoles.
MagnaGlobal says that the drop will boost Video On Demand services, which are expected to reach 65.7 million (55.7 percent) of TV households.
It will also have a reverse effect on DVR usage. Of course, if you drop cable or satellite, don't expect to keep the company's DVR. That said, the DVR isn't going to go away anytime soon. In fact, both TiVo and Channel Master have recently announced products designed to deliver DVR to those without a service provider.
Instead, DVR adoption will just slow down a bit. MagnaGlobal's July 2011 forecast said that the number of DVRs would reach about 63.1 million. The revised research now says that 57.5 million (or 48.7 percent of all households) would have a DVR by the end of 2016.Follow Electronic House on Facebook and Twitter.
Check out our recommendations for the season's best new TVs for home theater, living room or anywhere.
Home automation system helps wounded war veteran live more comfortably.
Check out our recommendations for the season's best new TVs for home theater, living room or anywhere.


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Hear this full song from one of the best Broadway albums of 2013, the original cast recording of Cinderella featuring Laura Osnes & Santino Fontana.
"Wicked" original cast member Kristin Chenoweth sings "Popular"January 20, 2010
Broadway Flea, tasty Thai treats and Jenn Colella's birthday! That's what If/Then's James Snyder is serving up on this week's episode!September 23, 2014
Billy Porter is one of our most-clicked stars of 2013! Watch him look back on the year that was.December 20, 2013
Here, friends, grab a tissue. You'll need it. This is the final episode of The Princess Diary. Get ready to laugh, cry and say goodbye to Laura Osnes, Santino Fontana, dear Herman and everyone at Cinderella on Broadway.January 29, 2014
The Book of Mormon Tony Award nominee Andrew Rannells talks about his latest adventure in drag as the star of Hedwig and the Angry Inch.September 12, 2014
The former Destiny's Child singer takes on Broadway with a turn as Roxie Hart in ChicagoFebruary 11, 2010
Watch what happens when Tracie Thoms and John Hawkes spend time together in a cabin in David Auburn's Lost Lake.November 5, 2014
Motown The Musical's Eric LaJuan Summers takes us backstage at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater to show us how the cast stays in shape and stays loose during this super high energy show!April 8, 2014
Footage of the new Broadway musical.February 28, 2012
James Earl Jones, Rose Byrne, Annaleigh Ashford, Elizabeth Ashley and the starry Broadway cast of You Can't Take It With You talk about Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman's Pulitzer Prize-winning comedy.July 24, 2014
If/Then headliner Idina Menzel reveals the strange things that can happen in a New York minute in this final installment of our special series with the stars of the new musical.July 17, 2014


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June News Roundup - Phil Performing, and Genesis documentary
Good day Phil fans!
Two items of news to note for you all.
Phil performed at the Miami Country Day School during a performance at the school, as documented on this Youtube video. Phil performed 'In the Air Tonight' and Genesis' 'Land of Confusion' with the student performers.Read more...
Posted on 17 Jun @ 23:10 3 comments
May News Roundup
Good day Phil fans!
Some intriguing items this month to report on, where Phil and his music pops up around the web:Read more...
Posted on 11 May @ 17:12 1 comments
April News Roundup
Happy April Phil Fans:
Phil has been popping up in media online recently, so we have collected some of these mentions for your continued review:Read more...
Posted on 2 Apr @ 23:19 1 comments
Happy Valentine's Day!
Good day Phil fans!Read more...
Posted on 14 Feb @ 16:43 1 comments


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41 Valentine's Day Crafts: Valentine's Day Cards, Gifts and More
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Recycled Wool Owl
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Save your old, ill-fitting sweaters and get inspired to make some Valentine's Day sewing crafts. Using simple felting techniques and a few easy-to-find materials, you can make your Recycled Wool Owl. Display one throughout February or give it as a sweet gift. This is a fun and simple project that anyone could make. In fact, these are so easy and fun that you can make a whole flock of owls in different colors and sizes for a decoration you can have on display from November through February!
Find this pattern and many more in our new eBook, 41 Valentine's Day Crafts: Valentine's Day Cards, Gifts, and More!
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$71.99 List Price.
You Save $47$24.99Free with:
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Make it rain in this new chest protector from Brine. Dual density foam lets the pad wrap around the body more comfortably. Features an overlapping inner plate system across the sternum with dual density foam for protection where players need it most. Multiple breaks for maximum flexibility. Front hook/loop closure for a secure fit. Ventilator moisture controlling liner.
Lamentamos que todavia no hay descripción en español para este producto.


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With so many crystal stalagmites shooting up from the floor of the Grand Palais, anyone could have been forgiven for expecting a guest appearance from Superman and Lex Luthor at the Chanel show. We got Katy Perry. But she did have blue hair!
The season has been loaded with references to crystals and minerals. The YSL show was in the Museum of Minerology. At Christian Dior, Givenchy and Lanvin they were laid on liberally as decorations of choice.
Maybe, in times of shifting certainties such as these, we crave a connection to the age-old. Whatever the philosophy, it makes for some mighty fine shoes. Chanel's had heels that looked like stalactites trimmed with a froth of ice. Collars that were almost on the scale of breastplates were dusted with chunks of crystal and armfuls of matching cuffs turned a simple collarless coat into a statement. Hair was scraped into a severe ponytail and eyebrows blanked out and replaced with a trim of crystal strip.
Cinched collarless jackets over full skirts and raglan sleeved 3/4 length coats over skinny leggings were my favourite silhouette. The overall impression that bordered on futurist severity with origami tailored shoulders and bodices and panels of shiny leather turning reefer jackets into armoured protection, actually broke down into eminently wearable pieces. The slouchy, four pocket cardigan jacket over tunic dress, both in white wool; and the simple black crepe dress with jagged cutout neckline were highlights. Feather embroidered evening and cocktail pieces channeled some of the Chanel couture romance that draws us back to Paris like a magnetic force. To fashionistas, it's way more powerful than kryptonite.
by Paula Reed in Paris


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It's gift guide time! Now, men are a notoriously difficult bunch to buy for - not least because a lack of willpower on their part (and yes, we're making a sweeping generalisation here) often means that the idea of a Christmas list is somewhat redundant.
So we all need to think outside the box when planning pressies for the blokes in our lives, from boyfriends and husbands to brothers and Dads.
From Acne's just-so mulberry coloured knit for Mr Right, to Lomography's retro camera for your Instagram loving brother, this is our selection of gifts that are great for the men in your life.


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Ultralight Down Vest (Women's)
In Stock Product Number: 31981
A June jaunt up the Grand Teton can blend four seasons in a single day. The women's Patagonia Ultralight Down Vest will block the wind and trap core warmth when temperatures plunge. High-lofting, extremely compressible 800-fill-power premium European goose down is encased in an ultralight nylon ripstop shell that's ultra tough for its weight and sheds moisture with a Deluge DWR (durable water repellent) finish. The elegant low-profile silhouette has feminine shaping, is thermally efficient, and is complimented by variegated channel construction that uses less down while remaining warm. The vest slides easily over light layers or under a shell and has two zippered handwarmer pockets, a drawcord hem and a stuffsack.
* This product does not qualify for shipping to all countries.
- The toughest, lightest-weight shell fabric we've ever used for down garments; with a DWR (durable water repellent) finish
- 800-fill-power premium European goose down for low-bulk warmth
- Variegated channel construction stabilizes insulation and allows the use of less down, creating an elegant, low-profile silhouette
- Two zippered handwarmer pockets
- Drawcord hem seals in warmth
- Self-fabric stuffsack
- Shell and lining: 0.8-oz 10-denier 100% nylon ripstop, with a DWR (durable water repellent) finish. Insulation: 800-fill-power premium European goose down
Gender: Women's
Weight: 150 g (5.3 oz)
Material: Nylon ripstop, 800 European goose down
Fit: Slim fit
Season: S14 F14
Vendor ProductId: 84780
Review ProductId: 31981


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It is the most important legend in our history about the man who is trying to be deathless. : Historical Fiction » Read
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THEMIS Thermal Inertia Mosaic Quantitative 30N180E 100mpp
This product is a quantitative (32-bit) thermal inertia image mosaic generated using Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) images from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission using techniques as described in Fergason et al. (2006), High-resolution thermal inertia derived from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS): Thermal model and applications, J. Geophys. Res., 111(E12004), doi:10.1029/2006JE002735. The mosaic is generated at the full spatial scale of the THEMIS infrared dataset, which is approximately 100 meters/pixel. The objective of this work is to improve our understanding of the variability of surface properties as a function of both location and season. This objective was addressed through the creation of a global thermal inertia map from high-resolution THEMIS infrared images that allows the identification, assessment, and global correlation of surface materials. The higher spatial resolution of THEMIS data (100 m per pixel), relative to Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) globally binned data (~3 km per pixel), enables one to quantify the physical properties of morphologic features observed in high-resolution images, and to better understand geologic processes acting on local scales. Thermophysical variations often correspond to features identified in high-resolution images, and the integration of these data sets allows more robust scientific conclusions to be reached.
- Mimetype
- application/isis
- Filename
- THEMIS_TI_Mosaic_Quant_30N180E_100mpp.cub
- Publisher
- USGS Astrogeology Science Center
- Publication Date
- 30 May 2014
- Author
- Robin Fergason
- Originator
- USGS Astrogeology Science Center, Arizona State University Mars Space Flight Facility, NASA Mars Data Analysis Program
- Group
- Astrogeology
- Added to Astropedia
- 14 July 2014
- Modified
- 15 July 2014
- Purpose
This work was funded by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (MDAP) to make high-resolution thermal inertia data available to the public.
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- Raster Data, Regional Mosaic, Remote-sensing Data
- Edition
- 1
- Native Data Set Environment
- ISIS v3
- Supplemental Information
- System
- Mars
- Target
- Mars
- Theme
- Remote Sensing
- Mission
- Mars Odyssey
- Instrument
- Search Rank
- 3
Contact and Distribution
- Access Constraints
- Public domain
- Use Constraints
- Please cite authors
Data Status and Quality
- Currentness Reference
- Ground condition
- Progress
- Complete
- Update Frequency
- None planned
- Completeness Report
When generating the thermal inertia mosaic, Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) infrared images were constrained by the latitude and longitude of the bounding coordinates of the region. We also constrained the following parameters: emission angle 0 to 30, number of lines in the image of 300 to 50, 000, and a data quality of high or better. Images were manually deleted from the mosaic if the images were of poor image quality or redundant images caused mis-registration in the averaged mosaic. Areas within the mosaic that have gaps either have no THEMIS infrared coverage at the time the mosaic was created or poor quality images were removed.
- Process Date
- 20 July 2011
- Process Description
To generate this mosaic, thermal inertia values are first derived from individual THEMIS nighttime infrared images using the technique described in Fergason et al. (2006), High-resolution thermal inertia derived from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS): Thermal model and applications, J. Geophys. Res., 111(E12004), doi:10.1029/2006JE002735. The absolute accuracy of the THEMIS thermal inertia is ~20%. Uncertainties in the THEMIS derived thermal inertia values are primarily due to: 1) instrument calibration limitations; 2) uncertainties in model input parameters at the resolution of the THEMIS instrument; and 3) thermal model limitations. The mosaics themselves are generated using the THEMIS mosaicking procedure developed by Arizona State University (Edwards et al. (2011), Mosaicking of global planetary image datasets: 1. Techniques and data processing for Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) multi-spectral data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, E10009, doi:10.1029/2010JE003755), which uses DaVinci software scripts to post-process images ("uddw"), reduce image noise ("deplaid, "), and remove seams between images ("blend, " "sstretch, " and a high-pass filter). The resulting mosaics are qualitative (8-bit) products. The mosaics cover an area ±60˚ in latitude, are separated into 24 individual tiles (each are 30˚ in latitude and 60˚ in longitude and match the tiling scheme of the THEMIS daytime and nighttime IR mosaics), and are processed at a resolution of 100 m/pixel. We did not complete a mosaic for latitudes higher than 60˚because the THEMIS data are sparse and the temperatures are too low to enable accurate derivation of thermal inertia in most instances. Mosaic products are available in ISIS3, Geo-Tiff, and PNG data file formats.
For the THEMIS infrared images used in the mosaic, see ancillary file list.
- Horizontal Positional Accuracy Value
- 200
- Entity and Attribute Overview
- An image mosaic is a merge of multiple THEMIS infrared images which are placed using native cameral model pointing
- Source Originator
- Planetary Data System (PDS) Reduced Data Record (RDR)
- Source Title
- Source Online Linkage
- http://global-data.mars.asu.edu/bin/themis.pl
- Type of Source Media
- Online
- Attribute Accuracy Report
- Best Effort
Geospatial Information
- Minimum Latitude
- 30
- Maximum Latitude
- 60
- Minimum Longitude
- -180
- Maximum Longitude
- -120
- Direct Spatial Reference Method
- Raster
- Object Type
- Pixel
- Lines (pixels)
- 17783
- Samples (pixels)
- 35565
- Bit Type
- 32
- Radius A
- 3396190
- Radius C
- 3376200
- Bands
- 1
- Pixel Resolution (meters/pixel)
- 100
- Scale (pixels/degree)
- 592.74697523306
- Horizontal Coordinate System Units
- Meters
- Map Projection Name
- Simple Cylindrical
- Latitude Type
- Planetocentric
- Longitude Direction
- Positive East
- Longitude Domain
- -180 to 180


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Made in the Yamhill Valley
News-Register Staff
Join us as we celebrate the growing health of our local economy and the businesses that make it possible. Made in the Yamhill Valley is a unique guide to all the businesses in our area that might go unseen. They are a major part of our economic life boat, but may or may not be in the public eye. We think you'll find this special section both useful and informative. There really is something for everyone in the Yamhill Valley!
Click Here to See the Online Guide!
Hard copies are available in the June 14th News-Register newspaper, at the News-Register help desk or at various local businesses in the area!
Only News-Register subscribers can access this premium content.
To subscribe, click here. Daily, weekly, monthly and annual subscriptions available; Starting at just $2.
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• Bermudez family struggles with unanswered questions (5087)
• UPDATE: Child located safe after being taken from custody hearing (5012)
• Downtown stabbing injures McMinnville man (3469)
• Remembering Parker (3400)
• Three officers fired on stabbing suspect (3201)
• Work crew walkaway taken into custody (3027)
• Let not this devastating act divide us one from another (2216)
• Letters to the Editor - Nov. 21, 2014 (1870)
• Moore's math teacher remembers (1565)
• DA Brad Berry: All three officers fired weapons (36)
• Bermudez family struggles with unanswered questions (17)
• Let not this devastating act divide us one from another (5)
• Letters to the Editor - Nov. 21, 2014 (2)
• Work crew walkaway taken into custody (2)
• Downtown stabbing injures McMinnville man (2)
• Wind firm sues to block release of bird-death data (1)
• Final election results show no changes (1)
• Ryan Adams - Losing a student to tragedy (1)


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June 10, 2014
Category: Sightseeing
Haunted Walk of Toronto
May 2nd-June 26th: The Ghosts and Spirits of Old Town – Tuesday to Saturday at 8pm, departing from 30 Gristmill Lane in the Distillery District; Toronto's Haunted Walk – Friday to Sunday at 9pm, departing from in front of the Hockey Hall of Fame at Front and Yonge Streets. Tickets can be purchased online ( www.hauntedwalk.com/buytickets.php), during the day at T.O. Tix in Yonge and Dundas Square, or 30 minutes before the start of the tour at the tour's start location.
For more information: www.hauntedwalk.com
Tuesday Night Races
Tuesday, June 10, 2014
Tuesday, July 8, 2014
Tuesday, August 12, 2014
Join the Gone Sailing Adventures Race Teams on Tuesday nights as we have fun, lighthearted races with all of our boats.
Each evening starts with a race briefing by the Skippers and we head out to the Humber Bay Race Course.
Participants play and active role on the race team steering the boat, trimming sails, tacking, gybing and calling penalties against other teams and being "rail meat."
The evening end rafting the boats together with a BBQ & Swim Blue Flagged beach at Hanlan's Point to enjoy the fresh clear waters of Lake Ontario.
Includes dinner and refreshments.
Limited Space to 30.
For more information and reservations: www.gonesailingadventures.com/#!special-sails/cgwf
Escape the City Canoe Paddle and Beach Dining Adventure
Every Tuesday and Thursday evening (from May 20 to Sept 18).
Tickets : Adults (ages 16+) $135 Youth (ages 12 to 15) $100.
Location: Depart from Harbourfront Canoe & Kayak – 283A Queens Quay West
This event is a Canadian Signature Experience™. Join us on a leisurely paddle to the beautiful Toronto Islands in a heritage freighter canoe, a replica of those used by early Canadian settlers. With a professional canoe guide, we will explore a bird sanctuary, paddle past some beautiful sailboats and yacht clubs while we hear about the natural geography and evolution of the area. Watch in awe as planes take off and land from Billy Bishop airport right above our heads!
Once we hit the shore, we will feast on a gourmet dinner picnic, (no burgers and hotdogs here!) with delicious dishes featuring local Ontario products and prepared by one of Toronto's hottest young Chefs. Relax after an amazing meal and watch the beautiful colours of the sun set over the island rivers….you will soon forget we are mere minutes away from Canada's largest city.
As darkness falls, we will board our canoes and paddle back, taking in the magnificent skyline view from the water. You will see the city as you've never seen it before. You will leave with a full belly and incredible memories of an amazing voyage to the islands. What are you waiting for? Come escape the city with us!
For more details: www.culinaryadventureco.com/tour/escape-the-city-canoe-and-beach-dining-adventure/
A Taste of Kensington Food Tour
Dates: January 12, February 15, March 15, April 13, May 25, June 22, July 20, September 21.
Start Time: 11:00 AM.
Kensington Market is a distinctive multicultural neighbourhood in the core of the city. An older neighbourhood and one of the city's most well-known. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in November 2006. Bordering Chinatown, the indoor/outdoor market may be one of the most photographed sites in Toronto. To some, gritty and rugged, to others, a throwback of the way life once was, to foodies, heaven. Relatively untouched for years, Kensington has been undergoing a state of gentrification, without losing its character. Explore one of the last authentic markets in Toronto on our Taste of Kensington Food Tour.
Secret Menu & Side Streets Food Tour
Dates: April 19, May 17, June 8, July 6, September 7, October 11. Time: 11:00 AM.
First, we took you for a day in the life of a Toronto foodie on our Foodies on Foot Favourites Food Tour, then, we took you across one of the most entertaining routes in the city on our 501 Streetcar Food Tour, and, now, we are making you a true foodie insider, by exposing the secret menus at some of our favourite locations throughout the city, and, bringing out some of the hidden gems that are off the beaten path. Join us for our secret menus & side streets food tour. We will visit 5-6 locations where we will indulge in either "off menu" items or track down some of the tastiest places that are tucked away on a side street.
Tickets: www.foodiesonfoot.ca/secret-menus-side-streets-toronto-culinary-food-tour/
Foodies on Foot Favourites Tour
Dates: January 18, February 9, September 27, November 30. Time: 11:00 AM.
Everyone loves having an insider. A person that can take them to the hidden gems that only a local industry insider knows. Come with us as we take you to some of our favourite gourmet and specialty food stores and discover many of the distinct neighbourhoods we frequent daily. We will be taking you to 5-7 food merchants and have you discover a few neighbourhoods while having the chance to ride the TTC. This tour is constantly changing, as, we have several favourites in different neighbourhoods, so, no two tours are exactly alike.
Tickets: www.foodiesonfoot.ca/foodies-on-foot-favourites-food-tour/
501 Streetcar Food Tour
Dates: January 5, 11, 19, 25; February 2, 8, 16, 22; March 2, 8, 16, 29; April 6, 12, 20, 26; May 4, 10, 18, 24; June 1, 7, 15, 21, 28; July 5, 13, 19, 27; September 6, 14, 20, 28; October 4, 12, 18, 26; November 1, 9, 15, 23, 29; December 7, 13, 21, 27.
Start Time: 11:00 AM.
The 501 Queen Streetcar route is the longest surface route in North America AND one of the longest in the world! This line runs approximately 24.8 kilometres (15.4 miles) traversing Toronto from the east-west. You will go through countless distinct Toronto neighbourhoods and experience the many faces of Toronto. Our tour will visit 6 neighbourhoods & 6 stops! Ding ding….time to hop aboard!
Tickets: www.foodiesonfoot.ca/501-streetcar-culinary-toronto-food-tour/


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Phase II Study With Abraxane, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin in Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (ABC)
|Tracking Information
|First Received Date ICMJE
|May 25, 2007
|Last Updated Date
|August 5, 2014
|Start Date ICMJE
|May 2007
|Primary Completion Date
|March 2014 (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|To assess the safety and tolerability of a combination regimen of weekly Abraxane® and carboplatin plus biweekly bevacizumab to treat women with Stage IV or inoperable Stage III "triple negative" metastatic breast cancer. [ Time Frame: On-going ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
|Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|To assess the safety and tolerability of a combination regimen of weekly Abraxane® and carboplatin plus biweekly bevacizumab to treat women with Stage IV or inoperable Stage III "triple negative" metastatic breast cancer. NCI CTCAE Version 3.0 to assess [ Time Frame: two years ]
|Change History
|Complete list of historical versions of study NCT00479674 on ClinicalTrials.gov Archive Site
|Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Clinical: To assess progression-free survival (PFS) in measurable disease patients according to RECIST criteria. Compare disease status with serial CT scans using RECIST Correlative: To evaluate sequential plasma samples for presence [ Time Frame: two years ]
|Current Other Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Original Other Outcome Measures ICMJE
|Not Provided
|Descriptive Information
|Brief Title ICMJE
|Phase II Study With Abraxane, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin in Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
|Official Title ICMJE
|A Phase II Study of Abraxane®, Carboplatin and Bevacizumab in "Triple Negative" (Demonstrating No Expression for Estrogen, Progesterone, or Her2 Receptors) Metastatic Breast Cancer
|Brief Summary
Taxanes (such as paclitaxel) are highly active to treat breast cancer. Abraxane® (nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel) compared to standard paclitaxel improves efficacy and tolerability. When combined with a taxane, platinum agents improve response in metastatic breast cancer, with carboplatin conferring less toxicity than cisplatin. Monoclonal antibodies including bevacizumab target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to reduce angiogenesis. We hypothesize that the previously-untested combination of weekly Abraxane® and carboplatin plus biweekly bevacizumab will lengthen time to progression without producing intolerable toxicity.
|Detailed Description
Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is widely used as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. In addition to the challenge posed by anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, there are issues surrounding previous treatment with anthracyclines which limit its utility in the metastatic disease setting. Many patients with advanced disease will have had prior anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy, may have reached a maximum cumulative lifetime dose, or developed refractory disease, creating an obvious need for non-anthracycline treatment strategies.3 Platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapies as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer have demonstrated significant activity, producing single-agent response rates > 50%; in combination these rates increased to > 60% in both previously untreated and in patients who previously received anthracyclines.3 However, overall survival has remained relatively unchanged.4 As there is currently no standard of care for patients with metastatic breast cancer, various physical and psychological factors must be considered when evaluating chemotherapy treatment options, including the patient's tumor biology and growth rate, presence and extent of metastases, history of prior treatment and response, sensitivity and tolerance to therapy, and quality of life.2 Strategies to develop combination, higher dose, or sequential regimens using these active agents, while improving response rates and/or time to progression, may produce increased toxicity without increased survival.2 Because metastatic breast cancer remains essentially incurable using cytotoxic therapy alone, the study of targeted biologics offers new opportunities to enhance drug delivery via their ability to regulate specific receptors that are associated with clinically aggressive disease processes.
|Study Type ICMJE
|Study Phase
|Phase 2
|Study Design ICMJE
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Condition ICMJE
|Breast Cancer
|Intervention ICMJE
|Study Arm (s)
|Experimental: Abraxane, Carboplatin, Bevacizumab
Abraxane 100 mg/m2 IV over 30 min days 1,8,15.; Carboplatin AUC=2 IV over 15 min days 1,8,15., Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg IV days 1,15
|Publications *
|Not Provided
* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
|Recruitment Information
|Recruitment Status ICMJE
|Active, not recruiting
|Estimated Enrollment ICMJE
|Estimated Completion Date
|May 2016
|Primary Completion Date
|March 2014 (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Eligibility Criteria ICMJE
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
|18 Years and older
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers
|Contacts ICMJE
|Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
|Location Countries ICMJE
|United States
|Administrative Information
|NCT Number ICMJE
|Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE
|Pro00014837, AVF3962s
|Has Data Monitoring Committee
|Responsible Party
|Duke University
|Study Sponsor ICMJE
|Duke University
|Collaborators ICMJE
|Investigators ICMJE
|Information Provided By
|Duke University
|Verification Date
|August 2014
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP


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