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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 15-03-2012 18:28
Post subject:
I knew that farmers would turn out to be the villains of the piece.
Corn Insecticide Linked to Great Die-Off of Beneficial Honeybees
New research has linked springtime die-offs of honeybees critical for pollinating food crops -- part of the mysterious malady called colony collapse disorder -- with technology for planting corn coated with insecticides. (Credit: © darios44 / Fotolia)
ScienceDaily (Mar. 14, 2012) — New research has linked springtime die-offs of honeybees critical for pollinating food crops -- part of the mysterious malady called colony collapse disorder -- with technology for planting corn coated with insecticides.
The study, published in ACS' journal Environmental Science & Technology, appears on the eve of spring planting seasons in some parts of Europe where farmers use the technology and widespread deaths of honeybees have occurred in the past.
In the study, Andrea Tapparo and colleagues explain that seeds coated with so-called neonicotinoid insecticides went into wide use in Europe in the late 1990s. The insecticides are among the most widely used in the world, popular because they kill insects by paralyzing nerves but have lower toxicity for other animals. Almost immediately, beekeepers observed large die-offs of bees that seemed to coincide with mid-March to May corn planting. Scientists thought this might be due to particles of insecticide made airborne by the pneumatic drilling machines used for planting. These machines forcefully suck seeds in and expel a burst of air containing high concentrations of particles of the insecticide coating. In an effort to make the pneumatic drilling method safer, the scientists tested different types of insecticide coatings and seeding methods.
They found, however, that all of the variations in seed coatings and planting methods killed honeybees that flew through the emission cloud of the seeding machine. One machine modified with a deflector to send the insecticide-laced air downwards still caused the death of more than 200 bees foraging in the field. The authors suggest that future work on this problem should focus on a way to prevent the seeds from fragmenting inside the pneumatic drilling machines.
The authors acknowledge funding from the University of Padova and the Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, Italy.
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Chemical Society.
Journal Reference:
Andrea Tapparo, Daniele Marton, Chiara Giorio, Alessandro Zanella, Lidia Soldà, Matteo Marzaro, Linda Vivan, Vincenzo Girolami. Assessment of the Environmental Exposure of Honeybees to Particulate Matter Containing Neonicotinoid Insecticides Coming from Corn Coated Seeds. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012; : 120217095058002 DOI: 10.1021/es2035152
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 16-03-2012 12:25
Post subject:
More on the hornets. Rather cruel towards hornets actually. How about inserting a BBC reporter into a bee hive instead?
Hornet-killing honeybees' brain activity measured
By Victoria Gill
Science reporter, BBC Nature
Bees gather around a hornet inserted into their hive. Footage courtesy of Masato Ono, Tamagawa University.
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Japanese honeybees' response to a hive-invading giant hornet is efficient and dramatic; they form a "bee ball" around it, serving to cook and asphyxiate it.
Now, researchers in Japan have measured the brain activity of honeybees when they form this killer ball.
One highly active area of the bees' brains, they believe, allows them to generate the constant heat which is deadly for the hornet.
The team published their findings in the open-access journal, PLoS One.
Prof Takeo Kubo from the University of Tokyo explained that "higher centres" of the bee's brain, known as the mushroom bodies, were more active in the brains of Japanese honeybees when they were a part of the "hot defensive bee ball".
To find this out, the team lured the bees to form their ball by attaching a hornet to the end of a wire and inserting the predator into the hive.
This simulated invasion caused the bees to swarm around the hornet. The researchers then plucked a few of the bees from the ball and measured, throughout each of their tiny brains, the relative amount of a chemical that is known to be a "marker" of brain activity.
"We found that similar [brain] activity is evoked when the Japanese honeybees are simply exposed to high temperature (46C) in the laboratory," the researcher told BBC Nature.
Continue reading the main story
Honeybees' brain activity may help them maintain the 46C temperature on the inside of the ball
Bee videos, news and facts
This suggests that this area of the brain is important for processing temperature information.
The team thinks that the mushroom bodies allow the bees to precisely control the temperature they generate inside the bee ball. The same researchers previously discovered that this remains at 46C until the hornet is successfully killed.
Prof Kubo said that this brain region might "modulate the vibration of the flight muscle", which is what generates this heat.
The bees, he explained, must maintain the temperature in the bee ball around 46 degrees "because, if the temperature of the bee ball is below [that], the hornet will not be killed".
"[And] if the temperature is above 46 degrees, not only the hornet but also the bees will be killed."
Dr Masato Ono from Tamagawa University, who also took part in the study, added: "The crucial function is to keep temperature inside the bee ball within the range of 46 to 48C, [like] a thermostat."
The team hope eventually to find out what kind of brain function is unique to the Japanese honeybees compared to that of the European honeybees, which do not form these spherical armies.
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 29-03-2012 21:17
Post subject:
More bad news. Full text atn link.
Pesticides hit queen bee numbers
By Richard Black
Environment correspondent, BBC News
Pesticides are not the whole problem, but some think they could be a significant one
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Some of the world's most commonly used pesticides are killing bees by damaging their ability to navigate and reducing numbers of queens, research suggests.
Scientific groups in the UK and France studied the effects of neonicotinoids, which are used in more than 100 nations on farm crops and in gardens.
The UK team found the pesticides caused an 85% drop in queen production.
Writing in the journal Science, the groups note that bee declines in many countries are reducing crop yields.
In the UK alone, pollination is calculated to be worth about £430m to the national economy.
And the US is among countries where a succession of local populations has crashed, a syndrome known as Colony Collapse Disorder.
Many causes have been suggested, including diseases, parasites, reduction in the range of flowers growing wild in the countryside, pesticides, or a combination of them all.
The neonicotinoids investigated in the two Science papers are used on crops such as cereals, oilseed rape and sunflowers.
Often the chemical is applied to seeds before planting. As the plant grows, the pesticide is contained in every part of it, deterring insect pests such as aphids.
But it also enters the pollen and nectar, which is how it can affect bees.
Dave Goulson from the UK's University of Stirling and colleagues studied the impact of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid on bumblebees.
They let bees from some colonies feed on pollen and sugar water containing levels of imidacloprid typically found in the wild, while others received a natural diet.
Then they placed the colonies out in the field.
'Severely compromised'
After six weeks, colonies exposed to the pesticide were lighter than the others, suggesting that workers had brought back less food to the hive.
But the most dramatic effect was on queen production. The naturally-fed hives produced around 14 queens each - those exposed to the pesticide, just two.
Pollination is calculated to be worth about £430m to the UK economy
"I wouldn't say this proves neonicotinoids are the sole cause of the problems bees face," said Dr Goulson, "but it does suggest they're likely to be one of the causes, and possibly a significant one.
"The use of these pesticides is so widespread that most bee colonies in areas of arable farming are likely to be exposed to them, so there is potential for them to be playing a significant role in suppression of bee populations on a pretty staggering scale."
The French research group investigated the impact of a different neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam, on the number of bees able to make it back to the colony after release.
Using tiny tags attached to the bees' backs, they showed that significantly fewer insects came back if they had previously been exposed to levels of thiamethoxam that they might encounter on farms.
Calculations showed the impairment was bad enough that the capacity of colonies survive could be severely compromised.
"What we found is that actually if colonies are exposed to pesticides, the population might decline to a point that would put them at risk of collapse due to other stressors," said lead scientist Mickael Henry from the French National Insitute for Agricultural Research (Inra) in Avignon.
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 13-04-2012 16:20
Post subject:
Call for crop-spraying after 6pm to aid bee colonies
Fri, Apr 13, 2012
The crop-spraying activities of farmers, which will increase in coming months, could have serious consequences for Ireland's bee colonies.
Independent MEP Marian Harkin has called on tillage farmers to, where possible, spray crops after 6pm, when the threat to bee colonies would be greatly reduced.
"There is a worldwide threat to bees from identified and unidentified sources which is having a multibillion adverse economic effect across the EU and countries throughout the world.
"Last year the European Parliament overwhelmingly voted for programmes to tackle bee colony collapse on the basis that approximately 75 per cent of EU food production depended on the pollination activity of bees."
She said recent studies in the UK and France have indicated an acceleration of the collapse in bee populations.
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Joined: 18 Sep 2001
Total posts: 9795
Gender: Unknown
Posted: 13-04-2012 18:18
Post subject:
I'm frankly surprised that progress in this area has been so slow.
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Justified and Ancient
Joined: 07 Jun 2008
Total posts: 1227
Location: sunny Morecambe
Age: 46
Gender: Male
Posted: 17-04-2012 19:18
Post subject:
I'm not personally. I suspect there is too much money for companies who produce the sprays etc... Like we could have massively reduced our dependency on oil years ago I also suspect.
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 18-04-2012 11:13
Post subject:
George Galloway has proposed an early day motion to repeal the laws of gravity.
Gravity disturbs bees' dancing
By Ella Davies
Reporter, BBC Nature
Watch a forager perform a vertical waggling figure of eight dance in the hive
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Honey bees that dance to give directions to flowers make more errors when performing horizontally due to gravity, say researchers.
Female foragers perform "waggle runs" on the hive's honeycomb for other bees.
The intricate movements display the direction and distance of the flowers from the hive.
Researchers from the University of Sussex are "eavesdropping" on bees to find out more about where they feed in Britain.
Dr Couvillon decodes angles in the dances by hand
Dr Margaret Couvillon has spent three years decoding the bees' unique method of communication.
Using observation hives with a glass wall, researchers have filmed the bees without disturbing their natural behaviour.
In honey bee society, forager bees scout out flower resources and return to the hive to perform a detailed dance made up of "waggle runs" on the honeycomb that communicate direction and distance.
The angle the waggle is performed at communicates the position of the flower relative to the sun, while the duration of the waggle tells nest mates how far away the flower is from the hive.
Foragers repeat these runs in a figure of eight with the number of repetitions signifying the quality of the resource.
"For a really good resource she'll repeat it 70 to 100 times," explained Dr Couvillon.
Continue reading the main story
Honey bee facts
There are three "castes" of honey bee in a hive: a single reproductive queen, males called drones and non-reproductive females called workers or foragers
Foragers will visit 2000 flowers a day to collect pollen and nectar
The Varroa jacobsoni mite is devastating British honey bee populations and scientists are investigating how to save the species
Watch forager bees on a mission
By studying the video footage, Dr Couvillon found that bees dancing vertically on the honeycomb made few "errors", repeating identical runs throughout the dance.
But bees dancing on the horizontal had more scattered runs.
"They have a hard time when they're dancing horizontally - the angles that they dance repeatedly are very different," Dr Couvillon told BBC Nature.
She explained that due to these errors a more holistic approach was needed to understand the message contained in horizontal dances.
Although the individual runs contained errors, an average calculated from all of the runs still provided accurate directions.
Dr Couvillon suggested that the inconsistencies could be attributed to gravity; when the bees are vertical on the comb they are aligned with the downward force but dancing horizontally requires more effort.
"If you were a rock climber and I asked you to get something to your right, at 90 degrees, it would be more difficult than getting something straight ahead of you," she explained.
The results feed into an ongoing debate in the scientific community over whether the variation in waggle dances happens because bees are communicating a general area, not a specific flower, or simply because they are trying their best in difficult circumstances.
"There's no reason why a bee would need to introduce scatter into a dance," said Dr Couvillon.
"I do think the bees are challenged but I still think they're pretty good at what they're doing."
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
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Gender: Male
Posted: 07-05-2012 11:50
Post subject:
Bees support the Maoists!
Bees swarm India paramilitary troops in Chhattisgarh
By Salman Ravi
BBC Hindi, Raipur
Operations against Maoist rebels have been stepped up recently
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At least 19 Indian paramilitary troops were swarmed and badly stung by bees while on a counter-insurgency operation against Maoist rebels in Chhattisgarh state.
The troops were clearing landmines in the dense forests of Narayanpur district when they were attacked.
Four of the soldiers were in "a real bad state" with serious swelling on their faces and hands, police said.
The men have been admitted to a local government hospital.
The paramilitary personnel from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) were deployed in the Farasgaon area of Bastar region.
The area contains dense forests and has been the scene of a bitter Maoist insurgency, police and local officials told the BBC.
Officials said that on Sunday afternoon a storm in the area is believed to have knocked a tree or a branch onto a bee hive while the paramilitary police were combing the area for landmines.
Insects and reptiles pose a major problem for the security forces deployed against the Maoists in the forests of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa.
According to rough estimates, malaria and insects kill as many security personnel as die in combat against Maoist rebels.
The Maoists are active in more than a third of India's 600-odd districts. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has described them as the biggest internal security challenge facing India.
The rebels say they are fighting for the rights of indigenous tribes people and the rural poor, who they say have been neglected by governments for decades.
India has deployed tens of thousands of federal paramilitary troops and policemen to fight the rebels.
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 28-05-2012 19:11
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'Extinct' short-haired bumblebee returns to UK
By Rebecca Morelle
Science reporter, BBC News
Nikki Gammans explains how the short-haired bumblebee has been brought back to the UK
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A species of bee not seen in the UK for a quarter of a century is being reintroduced to the countryside.
The short-haired bumblebee was once widespread across the south of England but it vanished in 1988.
However, after a healthy stock of the bees was found in Sweden, conservationists were able to collect some to seed a new UK colony.
About 50 queen bumblebees are being released at the RSPB's Dungeness reserve in Kent.
Nikki Gammans, from the Short-haired Bumblebee Project, said: "Normally, extinction means a species is gone forever.
"But it is magnificent that we can bring back this bee species and give it a second chance here in the UK."
Plan bee
The loss of the short-haired bumblebee (Bombus subterraneus) was caused by the dramatic decline of wildflower meadows that occurred after World War II as agriculture intensified to feed the growing population.
It is estimated that 97% of Britain's flower-rich grasslands, which the bees needed to forage and thrive, has vanished over the past 70 years.
The short-haired bumblebee was hit hard by the loss of wildflower meadows in the UK
But in southern Sweden, the species is doing much better as fewer people live there and farming practices are more bee-friendly.
Dr Gammans said: "The bee population in Sweden is expanding and growing whereas for everywhere else in Europe it has been contracting - it is either rare, threatened, or extinct like in the UK.
"So Sweden was really the only place we could go to collect the bees."
A team of conservationists, with the permission of the Swedish authorities, captured nearly 100 spring queens to bring back to the UK.
Before the release, the bees were put in quarantine for two weeks at Royal Holloway, University of London.
Dr Mark Brown, from the university's school of biological sciences, said: "We've screened for four different parasite species, which can all damage bees in different ways.
"The key reason why we are looking for them is we don't want to introduce populations of these parasites from Sweden into the UK. Those with the parasites haven't been released."
Bee-friendly habitat
Continue reading the main story
Start Quote
There will be a really good chance that it will establish, it will become self sustainable and spread"
Nikki Gammans
Short-haired Bumblebee Project
The preparations for the bees' arrival in Kent have also been extensive.
At the RSPB's reserve in Dungeness, the site for the bees' release, conservationists have spent the last three years preparing the land.
Martin Randall, the site manager at the reserve, said: "The most important thing we've had to do to get this ready for the bees is to encourage wild flowers, like clovers and vetches.
"So the first thing we did was to collect locally grown clover seed and spread it across the grasslands, and then we followed it up by grazing it sensitively with cattle and sheep."
The work is already helping other endangered bee species in the local area: the shrill carder bee, which was absent from Dungeness for 25 years, was recently found there.
The fields at the RSPB's Dungeness reserve are now packed full of wild flowers
Mr Randall said: "When you come here on a still day, this is just buzzing with bees, and we're hoping that the short-haired bumblebee will join that group."
Local farmers have also been involved in the project, which has been funded by Natural England, the RSPB, Hymettus and the Bumblebee Conservation Trust.
By leaving margins unfarmed at the edges of their fields, flower-rich, green "corridors" are created, which will help the bees to spread out across the area.
Plight of the bumblebee
This is the second attempt to release the short-haired bumblebee in the UK.
In 2009, Dr Gammans collected bees from New Zealand, which had been introduced there from the UK in 1895 to pollinate red clover.
Habitat improvements can help other endangered bees, such as the shrill carder bee
But DNA tests found the colony lacked genetic diversity and many of the queens did not survive their hibernation once in the UK.
But the ecologist is much more optimistic about the success of the Swedish bees.
Dr Gammans said: "We think there will be a really good chance that it will establish, it will become self sustainable and spread."
She said she expected between 20-30% of the reintroduced queen bees would survive after their release and create nests.
"This is about the usual survival rate for queens. After that, we want to add further reintroductions to increase the genetic diversity and increase their chances," she explained.
The team hopes the return of this species could give a boost to bee conservation.
Continue reading the main story
Fuzzy buzzers
Bumblebees are vital pollinators of wild flowers and crops. They appear to be particularly effective at pollinating tomato plants; the frequency of their buzz releases a cloud of pollen from the flowers, covering the bees' fuzzy bodies and the reproductive parts of other flowers. Some tomato-growers use pollination vibrators or even electric toothbrushes to mimic this effect.
These large, robust members of the bee family visit flowers that are up to 2km from their hive. UK scientists recently found that the bees "optimise their journeys" - taking the shortest possible distance from one flower to another before returning to the hive.
Bee identification: How to spot the stingers
Over the past few decades, bumblebees have been in serious decline. As well as the loss of the short-haired bumblebee, another bee species - the Cullem's bumblebee (Bombus cullumanus) - has also been declared extinct in the UK and others species are at risk of vanishing from the UK.
Conservationists warn that the loss of the bees and other insect pollinators would be disastrous.
With about 80% of Britain's plants reliant on insects for pollination, it has been estimated that these creatures contribute more than £400m a year to the UK economy.
Dr Pete Brotherton, head of biodiversity at Natural England, said: "We depend upon nature in so many ways, yet across England many species and habitats are in decline.
"These losses can be stopped - today is a fantastic example of what conservation organisations, the government and farmers can achieve when we work together.
"Exciting projects like this one are vital in helping to turn the tide on biodiversity loss."
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What a Cad!
Joined: 13 Dec 2008
Total posts: 26656
Location: Under the moon
Gender: Male
Posted: 31-05-2012 20:19
Post subject:
Bees given new home on Truro Town Hall roof
Twenty-thousand bees have a new home on top of Truro's town hall.
The installation of two hives in the Cornish city is part of an initiative by Truro's new Green Party mayor, Lindsay Southcombe.
Ms Southcombe wants to raise awareness of the insects' decline and has entitled her first term in office as "The Year of the Bee".
Scientists claim bees numbers are being severely threatened by pesticides, disease and environmental changes.
Colin Reece, president of Cornwall's beekeepers' association, said the bee was "responsible for every third mouthful of food that we eat".
"Without the honey bee, we would not have the range of food that we take for granted available to us now," he said.
"The bee is responsible for every third mouthful of food that we eat through their pollination. We think of the honey bee as making honey, but their primary role in life is pollination."
Experts said the initiative was "perfectly safe" and would not pose any threat to the public.
Flowers and shrubs enjoyed by bees will be planted on the roof of the town hall and Ms Southcombe said the honey produced would be harvested and sold for charity.
David Aston, from the British Beekeepers' Association, said bees could often do better in urban areas than in the countryside, because city parks and gardens contained a higher diversity of plant life
Scientists have previously warned that if bees and other pollinators were to disappear completely, the cost to the UK economy could be up to £440m per year - about 13% of the income from farming.
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
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Posted: 01-06-2012 19:09
Post subject:
Winter honey bee losses decline
June 1st, 2012 in Biology / Plants & Animals
Total losses of managed honey bee colonies from all causes dropped to 21.9 percent nationwide for the 2011/2012 winter, a decline of some 8 percentage points or 27 percent from the approximately 30 percent average loss beekeepers have experienced in recent winters, according to the latest annual survey conducted by the Bee Informed Partnership, the Apiary Inspectors of America and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
This is certainly an improvement over recent years, but it is still far too high a loss rate, says University of Marylands Dennis vanEngelsdorp, the leader of the survey and a research scientist in the department of entomology at Maryland. One in five bees lost is still huge and still quite a ways from the 13-14 percent loss that beekeepers say would be sustainable says vanEngelsdorp, who authored the preliminary report on the groups survey findings.
Understanding the health of bees and other native pollinators is important to ecosystems and our economy because of the crucial role pollinators play in plant reproduction. It is estimated that bees pollinate about a third of the food that we eat, at a value of about $15 billion per year.
The groups surveys for the previous five years found total colony losses of 30 percent in 2010/2011, 34 percent in 2009/2010, 29 percent in 2008/2009, 36 percent in 2007/2008 and 32 percent in 2006/2007.
Honey bee landing on a watermelon flower. Honey bee colony losses were substantially down for the winter of 2011-2012. Credit: Stephen Ausmus
vanEngelsdorp and other scientists involved in the survey say they dont know the reason for improved bee survival this winter, but that the unusually warm winter during 2011/2012 is one possible contributing factor. January 2012 ranks as the fourth warmest January in U.S. history. However they say no direct scientific investigation of the weather connection has been done.
A warm winter means less stress on bee colonies and may help them be more resistant to pathogens, parasites and other problems, said Jeff Pettis, co-leader of the survey and research leader of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville, Md. ARS is USDAs chief intramural scientific research agency.
Of beekeepers who reported losing any colonies, 37 percent said they lost at least some of their colonies without the presence of dead bees, which is one of the defining symptoms of colony collapse disorder (CCD), a serious problem that beekeepers began facing in 2006. Since this was an interview-based survey, it was not possible to confirm that these colonies had CCD or if the losses were the result of other causes that share the "absence of dead bees" symptom.
Beekeepers who reported colony losses with no dead bees present had average colony losses of 47 percent, compared to beekeepers who lost colonies, but did report dead bees. Those beekeepers lost 19 percent of their colonies.
Last year, beekeepers who reported colony losses with no dead bee bodies present had average colony losses of 61 percent, compared to beekeepers who lost colonies but did report dead bees. They had 34 percent in losses.
Despite intense efforts we still dont fully understand why bees are dying at such high rates, vanEngelsdorp says, It seems likely that several factors, including pesticides, parasitic mites and diseases, and nutrition problems all play a contributing roll.
Almost half of responding beekeepers reported losses greater than 13.6 percent, the level of loss that beekeepers have stated would be acceptable for their operations. Continued losses above that level threaten the economic sustainability of commercial beekeeping.
A total of 5,543 U.S. beekeepers, approximately 20 percent of the beekeepers in the United States, responded to the online survey.
Collectively, the responding beekeepers managed over 14.6 percent of the countrys estimated 2.49 million colonies. A complete analysis of the survey data will be published later this year. The abstract can be found at:
More information: More information about colony collapse disorder can be found at
Provided by University of Maryland
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Justified and Ancient
Joined: 26 Jan 2009
Total posts: 1401
Location: Leeds
Age: 45
Gender: Female
Posted: 01-06-2012 20:22
Post subject:
Some of the usual suspects are noted here too.
UK butterflies continue to decline
"The spread in modern agricultural practices, like use of pesticides and herbicides, makes it very difficult for butterflies," she explained.
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
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Gender: Male
Posted: 01-06-2012 20:32
Post subject:
Cultjunky wrote:
Some of the usual suspects are noted here too.
UK butterflies continue to decline
"The spread in modern agricultural practices, like use of pesticides and herbicides, makes it very difficult for butterflies," she explained.
Theres an urgent need for a farmer cull.
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 10-06-2012 18:44
Post subject:
I mite have known this.
Bee-killing virus gets supercharged by mites
By Ben HirschlerPosted 2012/06/07 at 2:07 pm EDT
LONDON, June 7, 2012 (Reuters) — Parasitic mites have turbo-charged the spread of a virus responsible for a rise in honey bee deaths around the world, scientists said on Thursday.
Bee populations have been falling rapidly in many countries, fuelled by a phenomenon known as colony collapse disorder. Its cause is unclear but the Varroa mite is a prime suspect, since it spreads viruses while feeding on hemolymph, or bee's "blood".
To clarify the link between mites and viruses, a team led by Stephen Martin of Britain's University of Sheffield studied the impact of Varroa in Hawaii, which the mites have only recently invaded.
They found the arrival of Varroa increased the prevalence of a single type of virus, deformed wing virus (DWV), in honey bees from around 10 percent to 100 percent.
At the same time the amount of DWV virus in the bees' bodies rocketed by a millionfold and there was a huge reduction in virus diversity, with a single strain of DWV crowding out others.
"It is that strain that is now dominant around the world and seems to be killing bees," Martin said in a telephone interview. "My money would be on this virus as being key."
Other factors - including fungi, pesticides and decreased plant diversity - are thought to play a role in colony collapse, but Ian Jones of the University of Reading said the latest findings pointed to the virus and mite combination as being the main culprit.
"This data provides clear evidence that, of all the suggested mechanisms of honey bee loss, virus infection brought in by mite infestation is a major player in the decline," he said.
Jones, who was not involved the research, said the findings published in the journal Science reinforced the need for beekeepers to control Varroa infestation in colonies.
The threat to bee populations extends across much of Europe and the United States to Asia, South America and the Middle East, experts say.
Bees are important pollinators of flowering plants, including many fruit and vegetable crops. A 2011 United Nations report estimated that bees and other pollinators such as butterflies, beetles or birds do work worth 153 billion euros ($191 billion) a year for the human economy.
(Editing by Robert Woodward)
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Psycho Punk
Joined: 19 Aug 2003
Total posts: 21842
Location: Dublin
Age: 0
Gender: Male
Posted: 20-06-2012 21:58
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Pesticides hit bumblebee reproduction
June 20th, 2012 in Biology / Plants & Animals
The buff-tail bee.
Scientists already knew that neonicotinoid pesticides, which affect insects' nervous systems, can alter bee behaviour, putting these vital pollinators, already threatened by habitat loss and disease, further at risk.
This new piece of research shows that bumblebees with diets contaminated with levels of neonicotinoid pesticide typically found in the environment produce up to a third fewer offspring.
The scientists looked at other ways that neonicotinoids could have affected reproduction. They found the pesticides do not damage the development of ovaries or delay egg-laying, except at really high doses. But they noticed that the more pesticide a bumblebee ingested, the less pollen and syrup it ate. So exposed bees may not have had the nutrients needed to lay the normal number of eggs in the first place.
"There could be two reasons why they're feeding less," suggests Ian Laycock from the University of Exeter, whose research was published in Ecotoxicology last month. "They could be learning to avoid the food but we don't think this is the case, because the drop in feeding rates becomes more intense over time. We think there's a toxic effect altering their ability to feed. At higher exposures of the pesticide their movement is compromised, and the efficiency of their foraging is reduced."
This adds to a growing body of evidence that neonicotinoids alter bee behaviour and may affect bee populations. Studies published in Science in March this year showed that pesticide exposure below the lethal dose damages bees' normally good sense of direction. Bees were not only getting lost and dying outside the hive more often, but also bringing home less food being, leading to dramatic reductions in the number of queens being produced.
"In these more recent studies, people are starting to take account of the actual doses bees are likely to get," explains Laycock. 'The newer research is a lot more environmentally realistic, so it's attracting a lot more attention. They're coming up with very interesting evidence, such as the effect of pesticide exposure on the production of queens.'
"But we need more information before we can definitely say that pesticides are causing a decline," Laycock adds. "So far, we know that it harms the bees, but there are still so many questions, such as whether the queens can recover."
Neonicotinoid pesticides are not the only problem that bees face. The varroa mite, a bloodsucking parasite that lives on bees, has spread rapidly around the world in the last 50 years. It increases the transmission of a deadly virus to levels capable of wiping out whole colonies.
This threat is amplified by the reduction of habitat. The UK has lost most of its wildflower meadows, dramatically reducing the food sources available to bees, butterflies and moths. Add the threat of behaviour-altering pesticides to both kept and wild bee populations, and it's clear that pollinators are in for a rough time.
These threatened pollinators are essential to agriculture. French and German scientists valued the pollination service provided by insect pollinators at 153 billion euros, amounting to 9.5 per cent of total farm production.
"Bumblebees are increasingly important in agricultural pollination," says Laycock. "There are some crops, particularly fruit crops, where bumblebees are particularly good at pollination. Also, they're pretty much intrinsic to maintaining wildflower populations, so we also have to think about biodiversity."
The scientists now hope to look at whether the bumblebees can recover from the short pulses of the neonicotinoid pesticide released into the environment in the spring.
"In the UK, roughly 85 per cent of [the neonicotinoid] imidacloprid is used growing oilseed rape, so the bees are getting exposed in short bursts during the mass flowering," Laycock explains. "It's hitting them when they're building a workforce big enough to support the production of queens. If they can't build this workforce they could be vulnerable, so we need to answer the question on whether they can recover from that."
More information: Ian Laycock, et al., 2012. Effects of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide, on reproduction in worker bumble bees. Ecotoxicoloy doi: 10.1007/s10646-012-0927-y
Provided by PlanetEarth Online
This story is republished courtesy of Planet Earth online, a free, companion website to the award-winning magazine Planet Earth published and funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
"Pesticides hit bumblebee reproduction." June 20th, 2012.
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text:
Wood Release: Wooden Bullet Gun | Mokuton: Mokusei Dangan Hou
Type: Offensive
Rank: B
Range: Short-Mid
Chakra: 20
Damage: 40
Description: The user focuses his Moku chakra in his mouth creating between 1 to 5 large wooden bullets in his mouth. He then proceeds to spit them out over an expansive range making it a difficult technique to dodge. The technique can protrude A-rank and below Earth and Water techniques (within reason).
Note: Must have a Wood bio.
Note: Must be taught by -Cobalt-.
Note: Cannot be used in two consecutive turns.
±± Approved ±±

subset: commoncrawl


text:
If your closet is cramped or you need a place for guest's coats, our Folding Commercial Garment Rack fits the bill. Made from thick, steel tubing, it's truly a commercial-grade rack. The extra-wide base provides stability and the rugged; heavy-duty casters cross thresholds with ease. The unit folds compactly for storage. Outfit your Folding Commercial Garment Rack with selections from our Hanger Collection. See more product details below.
Adjustable width, 50-1/2" to 74"; adjustable height, 56" to 66-1/4"; folds down to 52" x 22-1/4" x 3-1/4" h.


text:
We're sorry but you can't collect Welcome Rewards™ nights at this hotel
We do not have Hotels.com photos for this hotel.
The Ghost Riders by ResortQuest is located in Telluride, Colorado, United States of America
Ghost Riders Condominiums command your attention with its massive stone and wood exterior. Proudly overlooking the river park, beaver ponds and the surrounding mountains, this fine property houses two, three and four bedroom accommodations with views galore. Whether you are nestled by the river or on top of the world in one of the penthouses, the Ghost Riders has the location to make everything you will need just a short stroll away, just two blocks from the Gondola and two blocks from the heart of downtown. All condos have a fully equipped kitchen and private ski lockers. Guests will enjoy the large hot tub and covered parking. All properties are smoke free, including private areas. This includes the interior of each condominium or town home, decks, patios, hallways, lobby, garages, pool and hot tub areas. Check-in is located at 666 W. Colorado Ave., Telluride CO, above Clarks Market.
This hotel does not offer any accessibility features. Please select a different hotel if you are interested in booking a room with accessibility features.
Rates displayed are for single or double occupancy per room per night based on the number of adults requested. Please note that extra people, children, rollaway beds and incidentals may be subject to additional charges at check-in.
Rates are subject to availability and may exclude additional taxes and charges imposed by the hotel. Some rates may require special identification.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


text:
Michael Quartermaine
Carly is heartbroken that Michael is changing his name.
Under pressure from Dante, Britt finally breaks down and confesses the truth about Ben.
Carly is heartbroken that Michael is changing his name.
Julian admits to Alexis that Ric was framed.
After his shower, Liz helps Jason find a shirt to wear.
Patrick talks Sam into spending Thanksgiving at Liz's house.
Luke wakes up and is determined to escape.
Anna announces to Obrecht and Agent Sloane that Faison is alive.
Sonny pleads guilty to save Carly & Duke.
Happy Thanksgiving from the cast and crew of General Hospital.
Obrecht reveals the board's decision to Patrick & Sam.
Will Sonny turn over the recording to Michael?
Patrick is about to learn the board's decision about his job.
Anna & Obrecht are at each other's throats again.
"Jake" sees a picture of Jason at Liz's house.
Kiki walks in on Michael in bed with Rosalie.
Sonny gest some company in jail...Carly.
A drunken kiss or something more?
"Whether that girl is my daughter or sister.."
Scott is thrilled that Sonny is behind bars.
Sonny makes one last attempt to apologize to Michael.
Jason wonders where he is going to go and Liz has an answer.
Michael takes aim, poised to kill Sonny.
A jealous Julian watches Alexis and Ned kiss.
Ava tries to talk Sonny out of shooting her.
Silas apologizes to Sam for allowing Nina to come between them.
"I am pushing you crazy "b*tch!"
Michael watches Sonny admit that he killed AJ.
Jason gets an enormous hospital bill before he is discharged.
Nina informs Ava that she intends on inducing labor and taking her baby.
"Why would I marry a lying, cheating whore?"
"So Buckle Up Bitch...Showtime!"
Just when Shawn is about to kill Franco, Heather takes Jordan at gunpoint.
Nina slaps her mother when she hears that Silas was with Ava.
After she slaps her mother, Nina is going to kill Ava & Silas.
It's Beggar's night in Port Charles and Patrick gets in the spirit.
Nathan, pining for Maxie, seeks advice from Diane Miller.
Tracy, Ned & Lulu race outside to discover a drunk Larry Ashton.
Carly & Franco have very different reactions to "Jake."
Sonny & Michael reminisce about Jason on the anniversary of his death.
Sonny visits the Quartermiane crypt where he is visited by Connie's spirit.
Liz gets Jason out of bed and into a wheelchair for a joyride.
Alexis walks in to find Julian and Ned in a full blown fight.
When there is a baby to steal there is only one person to call-Dr. Obrecht
Michael learns that Ava Jerome was behind AJ's murder.
Madeline faces an off the rails Nina armed with antlers.
Olivia calls out Carly for lusting after Sonny.
Brad is shocked to learn that Lucas has a medical degree.
Nina solicits Madeline for her new demented plan.
Franco is still going to marry Carly...as part of his revenge plan.
Franco needs Heather for his sinister master plan.
The cast of General Hospital wish you a safe and happy Halloween!
The police haul Britt off right before she wakes up.
The best part of breaking up is making up.
Tired of Nina's many lies, Silas tells Nina that their marriage is over.
The bandages come off and Jason's face is finally revealed.
Liz reveals personal details about Lucky and Jake to Jason.
Spencer reveals to Nikolas how much he misses his mother.
Milo & Epiphany's date takes a wrong turn.
Obrecht goes searching for Nathan and finds Madeline instead.
Silas apologizes to Sam for doubting her suspicions about Nina.
Nik asks Britt to move back into Wyndemere.
Sometimes dreams do come true.
Nina gets out of her wheelchair to chase Franco and runs into Silas.
Jason remembers the name Jake.
Magic Milo & The Magic Wands striptease.


text:
The winner of the fourth season of the daunting reality show Fear Factor – Khatron Ke Khiladi, Aarti Chabria is expected to be strong in the face of adversities. And she was so. Though she was evicted from the sixth season of the dance reality show, Jhalak Dikhla Jaa recently, very few know the r
Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena - Movie Premiere
aarti chabria News
Popular TV actress and host Shweta Tiwari bade adieu to the dance reality show, 'Jhalak Dikhla Jaa 6'. She was in the bottom three with singer Shaan and actress Aarti Chabbria. She was voted out on the Sunday episode after receiving low votes and face-off with Aarti Chabbria. Shweta lost
The sixth season of the dance celebrity show, 'Jhalak Dikhla Jaa 6' is coming up and the contestants taking part in the show is revealed. Well-known faces from TV will take part on the show along with singer and Bollywood actress. Shweta Tiwari, Shaan, Karnvir Bohra, Siddharth Shukla and many oth


text:
Cotton Tea Towel - Chef's Stripe
No longer available
Classic cotton. This Cotton Tea Towel brings a classic pattern to the kitchen. Mix and match with other patterned linens, or collect a set to use as napkins or placemats at the table.
100% cotton in Chef's Stripe.
17"w x 28"l.
Machine wash.
Made in India.


text:
Frutiger® font family
Designed by Adrian Frutiger in 1985
Though everyone thought he would want to use his successful
In 1976, he expanded and completed the family for D. Stempel AG in conjunction with Linotype, and it was named Frutiger.
The Frutiger™ family is neither strictly geometric nor humanistic in construction; its forms are designed so that each individual character is quickly and easily recognized. Such distinctness makes it good for signage and display work. Although it was originally intended for the large scale of an airport, the full family has a warmth and subtlety that have, in recent years, made it popular for the smaller scale of body text in magazines and booklets.
The family has 14 weights and 14 companion fonts with Central European characters and accents. Another 14 Cyrillic companion fonts are available as well.
See also the new revised version
Frutiger 78 Black Condensed Italic
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A license has a term of 1 year.
the font: OT (OpenType) with
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the font: W1G (98 languages),
COM (56 languages),
PRO (33 languages) or
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Windows menu name: Frutiger LT Pro 57 Condensed
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PostScript full name: Frutiger LT Pro 78 Black Condensed Italic
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Monotype Imaging FONT SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT We recommend that you print this Font Software End User License Agreement for further reference. This Font Software End User License Agreement (the "Agreement") becomes a binding contract between you and Monotype Imaging (a) when you click on the area marked "ACCEPT LICENSE AGREEMENT," or similar language or when you accept the Agreement by other means (for instance referring to the Agreement in a purchase order, a confirmation email etc.) or, (b) if you are acquiring Font Software on a CD-ROM, DVD or other storage media, when you open the package in which the Font Software is contained. If you do not wish to be bound by the Agreement, you cannot access, Use or download the Font Software. Please read this entire Agreement before agreeing to be bound. The Agreement contains capitalized terms that are defined in Section 13 of the Agreement. You hereby agree to the following: 1. Binding Agreement. You are bound by the Agreement and you acknowledge that all Use of the Font Software supplied to you by Monotype Imaging is governed by the Agreement.
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text:
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your Cars question for Xbox and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
- Developer: Rainbow Studios
- Publisher: THQ
- Genre: Driving Mission-based
- Release Date: Jun 6, 2006
- ESRB: Everyone
Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Cars expert then please try to help others with their questions.
Flows challenge
From: ray
From: ray
Total 0 Answers
Posted On: 11-13-2011
Posted On: 11-13-2011
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TSD / WinGun Airsoft Spare Metal Revolver Shells, 6ct
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Starting at $12.50
5.0 (1 review)
From: WinGun
* Metal revolver shells for Dan Wesson and WinGun Airsoft and revolvers * 6ct


text:
Caramel Pecan Shortbread Recipe
- 3/4 cup butter, softened
- 3/4 cup confectioners' sugar
- 2 tablespoons evaporated milk
- 1 teaspoon McCormick® Pure Vanilla Extract
- 2 cups all-purpose flour
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 28 caramels
- 6 tablespoons evaporated milk
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 1/2 cup confectioners' sugar
- 3/4 cup finely chopped pecans
- 1 cup (6 ounces) semisweet chocolate chips
- 3 tablespoons evaporated milk
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 1/2 cup confectioners' sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon McCormick® Pure Vanilla Extract
- Pecan halves
- In a large bowl, cream butter and confectioners' sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in milk and vanilla. Combine flour and salt; gradually add to creamed mixture. Cover and refrigerate for 1 hour or until easy to handle.
- On a lightly floured surface, roll out the dough to 1/4-in. thickness. Cut into 2-in. x 1-in. strips. Place 1 in. apart on greased baking sheets.
- Bake at 325° for 12-14 minutes or until lightly browned. Remove to wire racks to cool.
- For filling, combine caramels and milk in a large saucepan. Cook and stir over medium-low heat until caramels are melted and smooth. Remove from the heat; stir in the butter, sugar and pecans. Cool for 5 minutes. Spread 1 teaspoon over each cookie.
- For icing, in a microwave-safe bowl, melt chips and milk; stir until smooth. Stir in the butter, sugar and vanilla until smooth. Cool for 5 minutes.
- Spread 1 teaspoon icing on each cookie; top each with a pecan half. Let stand until set. Store in an airtight container. Yield: about 4 dozen.
Reviews for Caramel Pecan Shortbread
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"Very messy but tastes great and the recipe makes quite a lot!"
"a new found christmas time treat. shortbread tastes better if slightly brown, don't under-bake"
"I really didn't like these. They're very putzy to make, which is fine when the end result is worth it. These weren't. The caramel mixture was thin and messy, and the chocolate icing was... well... bad. And the cookie overall just wasn't anything to get excited about. Not worth the time, the mess, or the calories!"
"These are good but very time consuming to make, if you follow the recipe. I think they are worth it for special occasions but not a quick treat. I used caramel from the TOH Caramel Marshmallow Treat recipe b/c I had it leftover and really liked it. Not sure what the caramel from this one is like but the other is so smooth. The combination of caramel, shortbread, pecans, and chocolate is fabulous! I added chopped pecans to the caramel as the recipe says but also just put plain caramel on some to see the difference. I preferred it without the pecans in the caramel and with just one on top of the bar. Hoping my company will like them for dessert this week!"
"This is an excellent cookie and caramel recipe, but I should've taken others advice regarding the chocolate. Don't bother using the chocolate recipe provided! It seems extremely greasy and overpowering for the shortbread. I would definitely make these cookies again but use a simple chocolate glaze."


text:
Capilene 2 Lightweight Bottoms (Women's)
In Stock Product Number: 22356
Stay warm and dry in these performance baselayer bottoms when your pace falls short of the advancing storm. Made with exceptional breathability and wicking and drying properties, they provide ultimate comfort beneath layers on chilly days. Details include a flat mesh-backed waistband for softness, a gusseted crotch for unhindered motion and set-forward side seams to eliminate chafe. Made of 3.6-oz Polartec Power Dry 100% polyester, with Polygiene permanent odor control and 20-UPF sun protection. Fabric is bluesign approved.
* This product does not qualify for shipping to all countries.
- Open knit promotes airflow, is inherently stretchy and provides excellent wicking for endurance activities in cool to moderate temperatures
- Our fastest-drying baselayer fabric insulates enough for use on chilly days and can be worn beneath other layers
- Elastic waistband brushed for next-to-skin softness
- Gusseted crotch for unimpeded mobility
- Machine wash cold, tumble dry at low temperature
Gender: Women's
Material: Polartec Power Dry, Polygiene
Season: S14 F14
Vendor ProductId: 44945
Review ProductId: 22356
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Retains Body Heat
- Soft
- Stretchy
- Wicks Away Moisture
Best Uses
- Lounging
- Outdoor Activities
Comments about Patagonia Capilene 2 Lightweight Bottoms (Women's):
Love these thermals. When pairs from other brands rip and tear when I kneel in them for hours upon days, this brand keeps on doing their job -- keeping me warm, wicking sweat, and staying fitted. I only hope that with this new pair, the quality stays the same as the ones I purchased 8 years ago -- they're still kicking!
- Waist:
- Feels true to size
- Inseam:
- Feels true to length
- Was this a gift?:
- No


text:
HUNTINGTON, Ind.— The Huntington University Peer Award recipients for September are Dr. Michael Cook, associate professor of counseling, and Dave Solloway, admissions counselor. The Peer Award, which began in 2003, promotes acknowledgment and recognition of the outstanding efforts of Huntington University faculty and staff members. Award winners are chosen and recognized each month by fellow peers. Cook was recognized by Dr. Michael Rowley, associate professor of communication, for his servant heart and his efforts to create a new assessment strategies for the department and university."Rather than seek recognition for his contributions, he focuses on helping others better themselves," Rowley said. "Mike has a warm and encouraging personality; he's a fine professor, a good friend and an asset to Huntington University. He is most deserving of this award."Solloway was recognized by Andy Vaught, former admissions counselor and currently the residence director for Wright Hall, for the excitement and creativity that he brings to his job. "Knowing that the task of recruiting students in a competitive market is difficult, he constantly thinks of unique and innovative ways to communicate with and recruit prospective students, specifically those that are interested in transferring," Vaught said. "He has been an excellent addition to the HU Admissions team and his efforts deserve to be noticed."
Student Activities Disability Services Diversity Initiatives Health Information Academic Calendar ERC/Internships
"One of the Best" MCA Box Office Parents & Family Dining & Catering Conference Services Reaccreditation
Net Price Calculator Consumer Info Privacy Policy Emergency Info A-Z IndexPortal/Email


text:
Drug Notes
UPMC Patient Education Materials
Calculators and Assessment Tools
Anatomy Navigator
Conditions Navigator
HIV infection is a condition that can gradually destroy the immune system, which makes it harder for the body to fight infections. When this happens, the person has AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).
HIV infection; Infection – HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes HIV infection and AIDS. The virus attacks the immune system. As the immune system weakens, the body is vulnerable to life-threatening infections and cancers. Once a person has the virus, it stays inside the body for life.
The virus is spread (transmitted) person-to-person in any of the following ways:
The virus is not spread by:
HIV and blood or organ donation:
People at high risk of getting HIV include:
After HIV infects the body, the virus has been found in saliva, tears, nervous system tissue and spinal fluid, blood, semen (including pre-seminal fluid, which is the liquid that comes out before ejaculation), vaginal fluid, and breast milk. Only blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk have been shown to transmit infection to others.
Symptoms related to acute HIV infection (when a person is first infected) are often flu-like:
Many people have no symptoms when they are diagnosed with HIV.
Acute HIV infection progresses over a few weeks to months to become an asymptomatic HIV infection (no symptoms). This stage can last 10 years or longer. During this period, the person can still spread the virus to others.
Almost all people infected with HIV, if they are not treated, will develop AIDS. A small group of patients develop AIDS very slowly or never at all. These patients are called nonprogressors. Many seem to have genes that prevent the virus from significantly damaging their immune system.
People with AIDS have had their immune system damaged by HIV. They are very susceptible to (easily get) infections that do not normally develop in people with a healthy immune system. These infections are called opportunistic infections.
Common symptoms are:
The HIV ELISA and HIV Western blot tests
detect antibodies to the HIV virus in the blood. Both tests must be positive to confirm an HIV infection. Antibodies are proteins made by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, such as the HIV virus. A complete blood count (CBC)
and white blood cell differential
may also show abnormalities.
Persons with AIDS usually have regular blood tests to check their CD4 cell count. CD4 cells are a type of T cell. T cells are one kind of cell of the immune system. They are also called "helper cells." A CD4 cell count that is lower than normal may be a sign that the virus is damaging the immune system. (A normal CD4 count is from 500 to 1,500 cells/mm3 of blood.)
When the CD4 count gets too low, the risk of infections and some types of cancer increases
Other tests that may be done include:
There is no cure for AIDS at this time. But treatments are available to manage symptoms. Treatment can also improve the quality and length of life for those who have already developed symptoms.
Antiretroviral therapy suppresses the replication of the HIV virus in the body. A combination of antiretroviral drugs, called antiretroviral therapy (ART), also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), is very effective in reducing the amount of HIV in the bloodstream. This is measured by the viral load (how much free virus is found in the blood). Preventing the virus from reproducing (replicating) can improve T-cell counts and help the immune system recover from HIV infection.
People on ART with suppressed levels of HIV can still transmit the virus to others through sex or by sharing needles. With ART, if the level of HIV remains suppressed and CD4 count remains high (above 200 cells/mm3), life can be prolonged and improved.
HIV can become resistant to one combination of ART. This is most true in patients who do not take their medications on schedule every day. Tests can check whether an HIV strain is resistant to a particular drug. This information can be useful in finding the best drug combination and for adjusting the drug combination when it starts to fail.
When HIV becomes resistant to HAART, other drug combinations must be used to try to suppress the resistant HIV strain of HIV. There are a variety of new drugs on the market for treating drug-resistant HIV.
Treatment with ART has complications. Each drug has its own side effects. Common side effects are:
When used for a long time, these drugs increase the risk of heart attack, perhaps by increasing the levels of cholesterol and glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Persons on ART are monitored by their health care provider for possible side effects. Blood tests measuring CD4 counts and HIV viral load will likely be done every 3 months. The goal is to get the CD4 count close to normal and to suppress the amount of HIV virus in the blood to a level where it cannot be detected.
Medicines may be prescribed to treat problems related to AIDS such as anemia
, low white cell count, and to prevent opportunistic infections.
Joining a support group
where members share common experiences and problems can often help the emotional stress of having a long-term illness.
At this time, there is no cure for AIDS. It is always fatal without treatment. In the U.S., most patients survive many years after diagnosis because of treatment with HAART. New medicines are continually being developed.
When a person is infected with HIV, the virus slowly begins to destroy that person's immune system. How fast this occurs differs in each individual. Treatment with HAART can help slow or halt the destruction of the immune system.
Once the immune system is severely damaged, that person has AIDS, and can now get infections and cancers that most healthy persons would not get. Doctors have found that when CD4 falls below certain counts, specific types of infections and cancers can develop
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have any of the risk factors for HIV infection. Also call if you develop symptoms of AIDS. By law, the results of HIV testing must be kept confidential. Your health care provider will review test results with you.
Preventing HIV/AIDS:
Safer sex practices
, such as using latex condoms, are effective in preventing HIV transmission. But there is a risk of getting the infection, even with the use of condoms. Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent sexual transmission of HIV.
HIV-positive patients who are taking antiretroviral medicines are less likely to transmit the virus.
The U.S. blood supply is among the safest in the world. Nearly all people infected with HIV through blood transfusions received those transfusions before 1985, the year HIV testing began for all donated blood.
If you believe you have been exposed to HIV, seek medical attention right away. Do not delay. Starting antiviral medicines can reduce the chances that you will be infected. This is called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). It has been used to prevent transmission in health care workers injured by needle sticks.
Quinn TC. Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 392.
Sterling TR, Chaisson RE. General clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection (including the acute retroviral syndrome and oral, cutaneous, renal, ocular, metabolic, and cardiac diseases). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Churchill-Livingstone; 2009:chap 121.
Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Bethanne Black, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences
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A.D.A.M. Health Solutions. All rights reserved.
For help in finding a doctor or health service that suits your needs, call the UPMC Referral Service at 412-647-UPMC (8762) or 1-800-533-UPMC (8762). Select option 1.
UPMC is an equal opportunity employer. UPMC policy prohibits discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, sex, genetics, sexual orientation, marital status, familial status, disability, veteran status, or any other legally protected group status. Further, UPMC will continue to support and promote equal employment opportunity, human dignity, and racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity. This policy applies to admissions, employment, and access to and treatment in UPMC programs and activities. This commitment is made by UPMC in accordance with federal, state, and/or local laws and regulations.
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For UPMC Mercy Patients: As a Catholic hospital, UPMC Mercy abides by the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services, as determined by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. As such, UPMC Mercy neither endorses nor provides medical practices and/or procedures that contradict the moral teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
Pittsburgh, PA, USA UPMC.com


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Friday December 28, 2012: 7:30 pm - 9:00 pm
"KATY PERRY THE MOVIE: PART OF ME" (2012-93 min.). Pop singer/songwriter Katy Perry tours the world, putting on a spectacular show for her adoring fans, even as her new marriage to comedian Russell Brand falls apart. Dan Cutforth and Jane Lipsitz directed this documentary. 7:30 p.m.


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Truly Nolen Chandler is a leader in pest control removal and protection, as well as customer service. With a long history in providing excellent customer service and solutions to pest problems, Truly Nolen's Chandler branch provides services focused on the following areas:
1. Rodent Control
2. Scorpions
3. Bee & Wasp Control
4. Termites
5. Other Pests
We service a large area from Guadalupe to Bapchule and Phoenix to Eleven Mile in Maricopa County. With a fitting motto of "Truly the Best," Truly Nolen Chandler gives our customers the best customer care, a fact that our clients remind us of all the time. We make sure that all of our customers' pest problems are completely solved before we leave.
We are also very well aware of what pest problems are prominent in our service area, and we use our in-depth knowledge to provide solutions that will solve your particular pest problems. We know that your time is very important, so our technicians won't be late or miss your appointment. And, while there, our technicians will make the most of their time for you.
Call today and let us solve your pest problem!
Local Offers
Save $25.00 on Pest Control with a new service contract when you schedule a free inspection or buy online.
Save $75.00 on Termite Control with a new service contract.
Save $35.00 on Rodent & Insulation with a new service contract.
Save $35.00 on Bee & Wasp Control with a new service contract.
What people are saying about Truly Nolen of Chandler
I just wanted to take a minute to recognize what wonderful customer service your company has. I have been a customer for several years, and I would never go anywhere else. Every time I call your office, Tracy (Chandler, AZ location) is AMAZING!! She is very patient and always always willing to help. I recently had my home serviced by Ben and then again a few days later for an issue by Richard. They were both very knowledgeable and helpful. I realize companies usually only get feedback when there was a negative experience, but I have nothing but positive things to say about your company. I am not sure if you have a system in place to acknowledge people who have gone above and beyond, but Tracy, Richard, and Ben are one in a million. I appreciate your services.
Rating: 5 of 5
Amy B.
Submitted via Truly Nolen Website
As a follow up to my telephone conversation with you, I just wanted to again express my sincere appreciation for the professionalism of the technicians that came to service my home last week in Arizona City. John, a personable young man worked late afternoon on Friday despite having a young family at home waiting for him. He was friendly and thorough yet worked efficiently to get the job done. I also appreciate having technicians working for you living close proximity to our service our area. Thank you for looking at local talent. Jared, another technician, came bright and early on a Saturday morning for termite work. He began his work promptly at 7:00, the agreed upon time, and worked until the job was completed at 2:00 pm despite the 100 degree heat. He was very skilled in his job, and found the termite pathway even though the pathway disappeared when I had my walk through inspection with you. Within 10 minutes of his own walk through, Jared asked me to clean out a closet in my basement so that he could drill behind a stairwell where he suspected the activity was coming from. Of course, he was accurate in his assessment and took the time to show me the activity with his camera. He reported to me that he believed he was very good at his job, an assessment that I too share. I wondered how many people actually took to time to share this information with his supervisor. Hence my call to you today. You know from our conversation, that I had a choice in my selection of companies for this service. Having been with another company years ago the decision to start with Truly Nolen was a good choice for me. From my initial conversation with you James to the service technicians, I have been very pleased. Thank you for the quality work your company provided during this initial orientation to Truly Nolen. I look forward to a positive partnership over the coming years.
Rating: 5 of 5
Maria R.
Submitted via Email
Arizona Monsoon Rains Bring Increased Insect Activity
Earlier this month, seasonal monsoon moisture combined with the remnants of Pacific Hurricane Norbert, Odile and Polo dumped torrential rain throughout the desert southwest. Record-breaking rainfall covered Phoenix to Las Vegas and points in between. According to the National Weather … Continue reading
Crickets in Arizona
Several kinds of crickets are found in Arizona. Although they pose no immediate health risks (they do not bite or carry disease) they have been known to eat through everything from wallpaper glue to wool to silk. Most importantly, if … Continue reading
Mike Tanner promoted to District Manager
Truly Nolen of America has promoted Mike Tanner to district manager overseeing commercial services for Tucson, Phoenix and San Diego. Tanner initially worked for Truly Nolen from 1996 to 1998 as a financial analyst in the Corporate Office located in … Continue reading
Cities Served by Truly Nolen of Chandler:
ZIPs Served by Truly Nolen of Chandler:
85044, 85045, 85046, 85048, 85121, 85122, 85123, 85128, 85130, 85131, 85137, 85138, 85139, 85147, 85172, 85193, 85194, 85202, 85210, 85222, 85223, 85224, 85225, 85226, 85232, 85233, 85236, 85240, 85242, 85243, 85247, 85248, 85249, 85282, 85283, 85284, 85286, 85291, 85292, 85293, 85294, 85337, 85502, 85532, 85639
This fall watch out for:


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Given the great challenges of leadership today, it is no longer enough to simply continue along well-trodden paths. The complex issues raised by globalization, the effects of the international crisis, and developments in Web 2.0 require exploration of what today's leadership and organizational structures should look like.
In this context, the Bertelsmann Stiftung intends to support executives in their day-to-day work with executive boards, colleagues, and employees. The Corporate Culture in a Globalized World program therefore seeks to promote discussion of innovative approaches to leadership.
Our Business Summer School offers executives the opportunity to explore the topics of leadership, corporate culture and change, and to find new ideas and approaches through discussion groups and reports of others' experiences. High-level speakers from business, politics, academia and the media take part in this event.
The Bertelsmann Stiftung Leadership Series is a new format which offers studies and innovative workshops on leadership with a practical focus to a broader public – representatives of business, the public, and the nonprofit sector. A variety of studies will help practitioners gain an overview of schools of leadership, providing guidance and support for their daily work. Workshops with the latest approaches in this field will be led by well-known authors.
Contact Person
+49 5241 81-81342
Contact Person
+49 5241 81-81174


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Qigong for knee osteoarthritis
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"What is a GIF?" That's a question that many people might be asking themselves after the news on Monday that "GIF" was chosen as the Oxford American Dictionaries' word of the year. After beating out the likes of "YOLO" and "superstorm," GIF will definitely be a word that enters the public conversation more and more in the near future. However, sports fans are already a bit familiar with the unique word, as GIFs are responsible for some of the most interesting sports content on websites today. A GIF, short for "graphics interchange format," is a certain kind of file type with a unique ability to display animation. As such, the file has allowed sports fans to relive some of the more offbeat and irreverent actions from around the sports world. From Michelle Jenneke's viral pre-race routine to a Kobe Bryant death stare to a mascot falling flat on its face, GIFs have helped capture some of the most hilarious moments in sports for us to enjoy over and over and over again. Click here to see some of the best sports GIFs >> Thumbnail photo via Facebook/Michelle Jenneke
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TripleClicks members are saving up to 99% on these items, which are being bid on right now!
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The IAHBE (International Association of Home Business Entrepreneurs) will be discontinued on July 1st, 2014. For those who have a current IAHBE subscription, here are the two options we are offering:
A. Anytime between now and June 30th, you may simply edit your Standing Order. Just delete IAHBE from your Standing Order and replace it with some other product or products of your choosing.
B. On July 1st, we will automatically replace your IAHBE subscription with a new $29.95 TCredits pack. This pack comes with 105 TCredits, 1500 VP, and $14.72 CV. The 105 TCredits will be automatically deposited into your TripleClicks member account each month on the date your Standing Order is processed.
If your choice is option "B," there's nothing you need to do. We will make the substitution automatically for you on July 1st and you will continue to be billed $29.95 per month as you have been for IAHBE.
1. This special pack of 105 TCredits will not be available for purchase separately and is offered ONLY to those with a current IAHBE subscription.
2. The IAHBE.org Website will continue to be accessible for current IAHBE subscribers. That is, for the foreseeable future, you will still have full access to all IAHBE site resources. However, no new content will be added after June 30th and existing content may or may not be updated.
3. Not sure if you want TCredits? See the Mighty TCredits page and review all the many things you can now do with TCredits at TripleClicks.
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Refunds: Membership begins from the date of purchase. You are given immediate access to your complete membership materials at the IAHBE Website. Other than for the initial 30-day money-back guarantee period (see above), there are no refunds available for previous months' memberships.
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To cancel your IAHBE membership, please contact support at https://www.tripleclicks.com/Support/
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Beneficiary of a CRÉATION gift?
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routes du bonheur Suggestions for itineraries to discover the world
Behind the soul and spirit of a place, there is always the influence of a personality. A Relais& Châteaux often turns out to be the passion of a lifetime; a love story always, a family storysometimes. A story of passionate women and men, capable of fulfilling their creative visionand their desire for excellence. With an equally wonderful story of a family that goes backseven generations, Hennessy Cognac joins us in the award of the Passion Trophy to thosesometimes unsung but always admirable heroes.
"The soul and spirit of a place reveal the adventure of an entire lifetime."
Since 1928, the Singer family has imbued this cosy hotel, which is the ideal starting point to explore the ski resorts and hiking trails around the Zugspitze, with its family spirit. This property, which has its own hiking guide, offers a customised programme ranging from Nordic walking and snowshoeing to mountain hikes. Rejuvenate tired muscles in the delightful spa, which offers treatments with Tyrolean herbs or mineral salts, Vinotherapy Caudalie®, waterbeds, salt water aroma steam baths, sauna and heated outdoor swimming pool. This is a regenerating stay just a few kilometres from one of the most beautiful royal castles of Ludwig II.
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Arrival Service › › ›
After landing at Hannover Airport you will be picked up by our Wheelchair Team directly at the aircraft door or your seat. If you are traveling with your own wheelchair, this will be provided, where possible, at the aircraft (with wheelchair categories WCHR and WCHS we assume that you are traveling with your own wheelchair). Our staff will then escort you via the baggage claim area, if so required, through the customs area to the agreed drop-off point. (Person collecting, S-Bahn, etc).
Arrival Service
Airport Service Center
+49 (0)511 977-0
+49 (0)511 977-1374


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Main Content
You'd be hard pressed to find an equal to Oakley's Icon 3.0 backpack. Developed with nearly every convenience one would want in a backpack, this fully loaded backpack offers an ergonomic design, contoured shoulder straps, a cell phone holster on the back strap, a protective, padded laptop sleeve, a music player pocket and port and plenty of space to carry everything you could possibly need. A deep, hidden interior organizer pocket keeps your most important accessories safe and secure. This is the type of backpack that could equip an entire platoon of men — or just a one man army.
- Approximately 21" x 17" x 9"
- Compression-molded back panel
- Compression-molded internal organizer
- Contoured shoulder straps with brushed poly-wick lining
- Exterior mesh storage pocket and side zip pockets
- Imported
- Integrated strap handle
- Large main compartment
- Made from nylon ripstop
- Mesh eyewear pocket on back
- Metal Oakley emblem on back
- Rubberized bottom
- Shoulder strap pocket for your mobile phone
- Sternum strap with vertical sliding adjustment
- Storage for your laptop (up to 15" widescreen) with side zip access
- Ventilation grommets on bottom and top
- Zippered pouch and headphone port for your media player
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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105662 Overseas Hwy.
Key Largo, FL 33037
Phone: 305-451-0164 Or 877-927-8387
Fax: 305-451-4864
Driving Directions
Normal working hours are 8:00am to 4:30pm Monday through Friday. In an effort to better serve the veteran and family members, upon request Vet Centers will provide services after normal work hours and/or on weekends.


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When the newest issue of VegNews magazine arrived in my mailbox, I was delighted. The issue focuses on artisan vegan cheeses that are easy to make at home. Since I spend a lot of time in my kitchen it seemed like the perfect opportunity to expand my skills.
The recipes are from Miyoko Schinner's book, Artisan Vegan Cheese. I can honestly say that every single recipe sounds amazing and I had a difficult time choosing which one to make first. A co-worker of mine eased the decision making by sharing a sample of the Philadelphia-Style Cream Cheese she had made at home. I immediately swiped my finger through the spread, went home after work, and gathered the ingredients to make my own batch. That means it's good stuff. Really good stuff.
I snazzed my batch up a bit by adding minced garlic, fresh parsley, and several pinches of oregano, thyme, tarragon, and basil. It is tangy, creamy, thick, smooth, herby, and garlicky. I love it. My lunch today consisted of toast and generous smears of this wondrous creation.
The recipe does require some patience since the cheese has to sit at room temperature for 1-2 days. But, it is worth it!! You can find the book version of the recipe here, and the version I used in the October 2012 issue of VegNews. They vary slightly but both produce equally yummy results.


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Alex Beall, special to wtop.com
WASHINGTON - Among angry, violent crowds, radical suffragist Alice Paul led a parade of women down Pennsylvania Avenue 100 years ago on March 3. The women fighting for their right to vote were the first people to picket in front of White House.
To commemorate the momentous event, the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History created a new exhibit dedicated to the 1913 women's suffrage parade.
The exhibit's chief curator is Lisa Kathleen Graddy, 49, the museum's deputy chair of political history and curator of women's political history. She is also a lead curator for the First Ladies exhibit and the Democracy in America exhibit, which will open at the National Museum of American History in 2016.
Graddy took WTOP Living on a tour of the First Ladies exhibit and the new women's suffrage exhibit.
Why is there such an emphasis placed on the museum's women's exhibits?
Women are multifaceted so you want to be able to see different aspects of women here at the museum. If women's history is solely represented by the First Ladies collection, while that's very interesting, that's a very select group of women who are in an unusual circumstance. You want to be able to show other women and groups of women, not just singular women, and how they interact with each other and how they interact with our country.
What is so intriguing about the First Ladies exhibit?
It really is this pilgrimage spot. You came with your grandmother and you want to bring your granddaughter so it's this shared family event and tradition now. But it's also this fascination we have with the first lady, who is someone most of us are probably never going to meet. This is a way in which we feel as if we can get some idea of her or get to know her in that removed way that we believe we know public images.
What exhibit have you been working on most recently?
The thing we're working on right now will be on American democracy. We're looking at issues of citizenship and voting rights and suffrage in general, elections, protest in America (and) just all of the ways in which we interact with American democracy.
Is there a common theme you try to focus on in your exhibits?
I'm interested right now particularly in the role that women play in American politics and in American political society. That can be everything from simply obtaining the right to vote, to running for office, to affecting how our government deals with issues of social justice and for rights for women and children and for all of the things that concern women.
What is your favorite exhibit in the museum?
I love the Ipswich House -- the exhibit called "Within These Walls" -- that really traces the history of this one house that's in Ipswich, Mass. for generations of families that have lived in it and what the house has seen, what the house has lived through.
Do you ever get bored seeing the exhibits in the museum?
I don't think you ever get bored. There's always something different. There's always something you haven't spent a lot of time with and haven't looked at, or something that you've seen time and time again that today for whatever reason you look at it with fresh eyes, and it seems different or you see something new in it.
What's your favorite exhibit you've curated?
It's always the one you just did that's nearest to your heart because you just spent all this time on it. So right now I'm very proud of the suffrage exhibit. It's a small show, but we really wanted to mark this anniversary and to really put women's history back out on the floor in a very positive and large way.
What is your role in setting up the exhibits?
I collect material related to general politics, specifically material related to women's history. I research material that I bring in and material that is already here and just subjects that come up in women's history and in the First Ladies. I create exhibits, and programs and more and more website activity.
What got you interested in curating?
I've always been interested in history, and I love material culture. I like this way of communicating -- communicating with objects and telling a story both with the words and the research you do but also with the objects you can showcase and use as a point to talk about because this is how we all remember things.
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