text:
This Turkey Day vacay: host a friendsgiving feast!
4 ways to flirt without saying a word
I know I am pretty but I don't have a BF. Is something wrong with me?
6 TV ladies we're thankful for
Feel-Good Friday: Tiffany the Terrier eats her pro-ice hockey playing owner's passport
DIY Thanksgiving centerpieces for your table
All-natural lippies you can actually eat
4 sneaky moves for stronger and leaner posture
Should you get back with your ex?
What do you think of our Dec/Jan issue? We wanna know!
Kirby Buckets Clip
More Friends = More Fun
GL Tweets !
3 HOURS AGO Forget whatcha heard! Gingers do, indeed, have souls: http://t.co/00mxgpFRev
3 HOURS AGO Is Lauren from @FifthHarmony chick secretly dating a member of @TheVampsband? http://t.co/YDLnDrNTIm #harmonizers
4 HOURS AGO Serious question, girl... WHY ARE YOU STILL SINGLE? http://t.co/dJowf9GVWE
sponsored links
18 Comments | Add Yours
I would so be in She's the Man, she gets CHANNING TATUM in the end, the world's sexiest man. I would never be in Twilight, I mean, Bella has this moody vampire stalking her and a demon kid and a werewolf friend who's in love with this demon kid but who she makes out with frequently...that's too confusing for my life
by cheerfulcheer on 11/20/2012 7:47:53 PM
by tampagirl<3 on 11/19/2012 12:22:25 PM
I think it would be fun to live in Twilight and 13 Going to 30 (two of my faves).
Two guys fighting over me would be SO fun! If a vampire bit me I would turn into a vampire and live forever (SCORE!). If I were bitten by a werewolf I would get a better grade in P.E and I would be with Jacob! Sadly I'm not his age
13 Going to 30 would help me live a better life. I would chose the right guy to be with, but it is so obvious that the guy no hangs with will be the handsome successful guy (in movies anyways).
by hbgirl2001 on 11/19/2012 12:16:20 PM
Want to be popular, or just want your crush to notice you. Well we can help you with that. Need to know what dress to wear or what to do when you have an embarrassing moment. We have it all just ask
by icecream8975 on 11/19/2012 10:16:07 AM
She's the man is based off of Twelfth Night. It's a great movie.
by Flowerstar11 on 11/19/2012 7:39:21 AM
Wow, almost all these movies are in my top ten. I love Mean Girls, 13 Going On 30, She's The Man, The Devil Wears Prada.
by aubangle on 11/19/2012 1:50:01 AM
I wouldn't like living in Hunger Games or Mean Girls or Twilight. If I was Bella, I'd run away. But Jacob and Edward would be stalkers and come find me....yeah I'm really glad I don't live in the world of Twilight.
by Gabriella123 on 11/18/2012 9:19:35 PM
Wait a minute... She's the Man sounds a lot like Twelfth Night.
by jonastwilight on 11/18/2012 8:54:53 PM
I would hate to live in
1) The Hunger Games, because, I really don't want to be chosen in a fight to the death, and choosing between 2 cute guys is too much for me.
2) How to Train Your Dragon because it's sorta hard to try to train a Night Fury while failing Dragon Training, but it would be worse to live in the situation that Hiccup's in in the BOOKS, cuz he's trying to hide that he can speak Dragonese while attempting to train his spoiled Common-or-Garden dragon AND taming a wild Seadragonus Giganticus Maximus!!! LOL was that too long for you guys?
by taylor_swift_luvr13 on 11/18/2012 7:09:26 PM
I luv 13 Going on 30
by girlio93485 on 11/18/2012 3:12:01 PM
Love reading? Want to start an awesomely edgy new series?
We're kicking off our Lunar Chronicles Book Club with Cinder, the first story in this futuristic series with a fairytale twist.
CLICK HERE to join the club...and you could win your pick from the Chronicles—including Fairest, the newest novel to hit shelves.


text:
Football Insiders: Who Will Replace Will Muschamp at Florida?
On Monday's Football Insiders Show, Eric Lopez and UCF Insider Jeff Sharon dove in on a big weekend in college and pro football. Among the things they discussed: What went wrong for Will Muschamp, and who they think will
Muschamp Explains How Addressing Team Was Like Talking to His Own Kids
Will Muschamp spoke to the media following the announcement of his resignation. "I guess I'm under dressed for the occasion, I apologize for that. I want to thank Jeremy and Dr. Machen for their support. It's been outstanding. I
Will Muschamp Predecessor Needs To Be Offensive-Minded
Tom Veit spoke about going to the Florida Gators game last Saturday against the Gamecocks. He says that he is a Bucs fan and yet
Neiron Ball, Jarrad Davis Out For Remainder Of Season
The Florida Gators held a press conference Monday to formally announce that Muschamp has been dismissed...fired...resigned. Point is, he's gone.
Who Will Be The Next Gators Coach?
Erik Kuselias: Who are the Leading Candidates for the Florida Job? Erik Kuselias talks to Eric Lopez about Will Muschamp being relieved of his coaching duties at Florida. What is next for the Gators? Erik Kuselias on Muschamp getting let go.
BREAKING: Will Muschamp Dismissed as Gators Head Coach
The University of Florida has dismissed Will Muschamp as head coach of the Gators football team one day after a 23-20 OT loss to South Carolina
Florida vs. South Carolina: A Matchup for the Field and the Papers
Think about it. Would you be surprised at any outcome to Saturday's Florida-South Carolina matchup? I sure wouldn't be. Oh, Florida won in triple overtime? Okay. South Carolina won by 40? I knew that was going to happen! Florida blew
Lee Corso on Florida State: So What? They Beat Everybody
Tuck and O'Neill: Lee Corso Talks Florida State vs. Miami and Muschamp's Job Tuck and O'Neill spoke to ESPN's College Gameday analyst Lee Corso about the Canes preparing to host Florida State on Saturday night. Lee Corso on which
SEC: Who Has the Best Chance to Make the Playoff?
Tuck and O'Neill: Only One May Be So Lucky Tuck and O'Neill spoke to ESPN.com's SEC College Football writer Edward Aschoff about the outlook for the SEC in the College Football playoff . How many teams will the SEC
Bucs WR Louis Murphy Talks QB Change, Learning from First Loss to Falcons
Tampa Bay Buccaneers WR Louis Murphy talks about what the Bucs can do this time around to not suffer the same fate they did in week 3 against the Falcons

subset: commoncrawl


text:
5 reasons we're thankful for Bella Thorne
My BF broke up with me and has ignored me ever since. Why?
Be a pro pet sitter!
7 (other) awesome dystopian books to read right now
Christmas crafts for the entire fam under $10
GL's Friends Gift Guide: Exactly what to get your besties for under $20
Mani roundup: Too-cute Thanksgiving nail ideas
Flu shots: myths uncovered
Which celeb should be at your dinner table this Thanksgiving?
What do you think of our Dec/Jan issue? We wanna know!
Kirby Buckets Clip
More Friends = More Fun
GL Tweets !
1 HOURS AGO 4 things that could cause serious probs "down there" http://t.co/py0Tymr2JB
2 HOURS AGO The real reason your ex doesn't wanna be friends after the breakup: http://t.co/BQy2Q6DFT5
3 HOURS AGO The shocking truth about flu shots: http://t.co/LX6Niz48FW
sponsored links
Try these perfect fall blushes all under $10
Easy home remedies for blackheads
3 times Bella Thorne rocked a super cute topknot
All-natural lippies you can actually eat
Mani roundup: Too-cute Thanksgiving nail ideas
Instant hair inspiration straight from Instagram
Who doesn't love finding inspo for our next fun 'do from your favorite celeb? One of the best places to find fabulous hair inspo from your faves like Olivia Holt and Sabrina Carpenter is by scrolling through their Instagram pages...
Get cute cupcake nails with these super easy DIY
One of GL's fave nail artists, Hannah Lee, shared her awesome tutorial for how to deck your tips in our fave sweets: cupcakes! Here are the colors she used, but you can paint your pretties in any shade.
Polish used by...
Easy ways to stash your beauty stuff
We spend so much money on beauty supplies and what do we do with them? We stash 'em under the sink where no one can see them. Half the time, we forget we even have these products because out of...
Beauty Spy: Radiant Taylor G. provides you with items to give you a natural look
Learn how to get GL gal Taylorg22 from Mechanicsburg,
PA beachy look. She shares her favorite products to emphasize your eyes!
DIY moisturizing face masks
Fall comes with hot cocoa, snuggly cardigans and… dry skin.
As the leaves change, you may also notice a change in your skin's level of
moisture. The cold air and harsh winds can leave your pretty face feeling
parched and itchy. Battle the...
Here's a *free* excerpt from Bella Thorne's new book!
Bella Thorne's got a new book series—
and it's amazing.
CLICK HERE for everything you need to know about the first novel, Autumn Falls—plus a Q&A with Bella and a *free* chapter sampler!


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Dec. 7, 1937.
A. C. WALDVOGEL RoAsTING APPARATUS Filed April 18, 1954 4 Sheets-*Sheet l l. f ,fai
Dec. 7, 1937. A. c, WALDVOGEL ROASTING APPARATUS Filed April 18, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 7, 1937.
A. c. wALDvoGEl. 2,101,417
ROASTING APPARATUSA Filed April 18, 1934 4 Sheets-Shea?l 5 Fig- E- DeC- 7, 1937 A. c. wALDvoGl-:L
ROASTING APPARATUS Filed April 18, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Dec. 7, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENTO `'OFFICE Albert o. Wa1avg1',mchmena nennt, Mo.
Application April 18, 1934, Serial No. 721,093
21 Claims.
This invention relates to roasting apparatus, and has special reference to roasting apparatus designed and adapted for use in roasting coffee and the like.
Objects of the invention are to provide an improved roasting apparatus for use in roasting coffee and the like, including a rotary measuring receiver arranged to receive and deliver measured supplies of coffee into a rotary roaster; to provide means for moving or rotating the roaster and for stirring, agitating and mixing the coffee therein in order to roast the coffee uniformly; to provide means for removing and discharging the roasted coifee from the roaster; to provide improved mechanism for removing impurities and other substances from the roasted coffee; to provide improved means for synchronizing and timing the operations of the diiferent operative parts of the invention in order to obtain the intended results; and to obtain all of the advantages and improved operations herein 4 Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view approximately f on the irregular sectional line I--I of Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is a similar irregular sectional view considerably to the right of the line along which the` section of Fig. l is taken.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of the mechanism, one wall of the casing being removed and parts being shown in section.
Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of the casing enclosing the rotary 'measuring receiver, said receiver being shown in end elevation.
Fig. 5 is a view showing an appropriate electric circuit mechanism and devices controlled thereby for operating the different parts of the invention in synchronism and timed relationship.
The principal parts of the invention are enclosed in a. casing I having in the upper portion thereof a hopper 2 arranged to receive and contain a considerable amount of unroasted coffee. The hopper 2 has a chute 3 opening into a cylindrical casing 4 enclosing a hollow cylindrical measuring receiver 5. The cylindrical measuring receiver 5 has through one side thereof an opening 6 (Figs. 3 and 4) through which the coffee may pass into said measuring receiver when said opening 6 isin communication withthe chute 3. The measuring receiver is attached to a rotary shaft 1 journalled in bearings in connec- .tion with the end walls of the casing 4. A sprocket wheel 8 is attached to one end of the shaft 1 and is engaged by a sprocket chain 8 that also engages a sprocket wheel I attached to the shaft II of a modulating motor I2. Therefore, when the motor I2 operates the measuring receiver will be rotated from and to Aposition in which the opening 6 is in communication with the chute 3. 5 The under side of the casing 4 opens into a chute I3 communicating with an opening I4 through a wall I5. i
The opening I4 lis into a rotary roasting chamber. Said roasting chamber comprises a per- 10 forated cylindrical wall I6, an end wall Il and an opposite end wall I8. A bearing device I 9 supports the end I1 of the rotary roasting chamber for rotation about the open end of the chute I3. A shaft 28 attached to the wall I8 is rotatively 15 journalled in a bearing mounted on the support 2I and lhas a sprocket wheel 22 attached thereto. A sprocket chain 23 engages the sprocket wheel 22 and also engages a sprocket wheel 24 attached to a shaft 25 driven by gearing 28 operated by a 20 motor 2l. The sprocket chain 23 also engages a sprocket wheel 28 attached to a shaft 28 rigid with a rotary end wall 38 attached to a rotary cylinder 3|. A
A clutch member 32 (Fig. l) is rigid with the 25 shaft 28. A conical l'element 33 is mounted forsliding movements along a support 34 in axial alinement with the shaft 28 and has on its inner end a clutch member 35, adapted to bevmoved into and out of engagement with the clutch member 32, and on its outer end an operating crank 36. When the clutch member 3l is engaged-with the clutch member 32 and then rotated by the crank 38, the roaster chamber Il will be rotated in the direction of the arrow 3l.
'I'he conical member `33 is engaged by the terminal 38 .of a iiexible rod or shaft 39 mounted for sliding movements ina supporting tube 48 and having on its inner end a head 4I. A block 42 also engages the cone 33 and is attached to the 40 outer end of a flexible rod or shaft 43 mounted for longitudinal sliding movements in a supporting tube 44 and having its inner end pivoted to an arm 45 attached to the pivot 48 of a gate 41. When the conical member 33 is moved inwardly 45 the rod or shaft 39 is moved inwardly to place the head 4I adjacent to the under side of a lever 48, which is mounted on a pivot 49 and actuated downwardly by a spring 50. When the head 4I is raised and held adjacent to the under side of the 50 lever 48, said lever will be SuDDOrted against operation by the spring 3l.
A cam 51| is attached to the shaft 1 and is engaged by a roller 52 supported by the lever 43.
The high point of the cam 3| is up during the 55 ceiver 5 is in registration with the chute 3. When the shaft l Vis turned, the'cam 5l is turned with the shaft and the spring 55 moves the leverl5 downwardly. When the head 5l is moved to its raised position, it will raise the lever 55 and support said lever in its raised position irrespective of the position of the cam 5i; and, when the head di is in its raised position, it will prevent operation of the lever d@ even though the cam 5i operates.
A link 53 has its upper end connected with the lever i8 and its lower end connected withl an arm 55 attached'to a door 55 mounted on a rocking pivot rod 55. In the raised position of the lever 58, the door 55 extends through the upper end of the chute 5l and will cause the coiee to pass from the chute l5 into the rotary roaster i5. y
Series of curved or spiral flights or baies 55 are attached to the inner side of the rotary roaster i5 and will discharge the roasted coffee continuously and regularly onto the inclined door 55 and thereby cause the roastedofee to pass into the chute 55. It is to be understood that the door 55 is supported in such inclined position extending into the rotary roaster all the time that the lever 5b is supported in its raised positioneither by the cam 5i or the head di.
When the clutch 35 and cone member 53 are moved inwardly to engage the `clutch member 55 with the clutch member 32, the rod or shaft l5 swings the gate il from the position in which it is shown in solid lines in Fig. l. to the position in which it is shown in broken lines extending across and closing the chute 5i below the door opening. When the gate 5l' isA moved tothe dotted line position and closes the chute 5l, the roasted coee discharged from the heated roasting chamber i6 is eaused to pass through a discharge opening 59 ihto a receptacle 55. The rods or shafts 39 and 43 may be actuated outwardly by any known or appropriate actuating means.
The coiee is discharged from the chute 5l into a cooling chamber Si, one wall of which is a screen 5g and the opposite Wall 55 of which is perforated. l Y
A pipe 65 has its lower end opening into a blower 55. and its upper end opening'into a suction chamber 65 enclosing the wall 53 and also enclosing a screen 5l. When the blower is opber 5i and discharged :from the blowerthrough an outlet 58.
A gate valve 55 closes the lower end of the cooling chamber and'ls mounted on a pivot rod l0. A counterweight li connected with the gate valve ,moves said gate valve to closed position in which it is held by a latch l2 to support the coffee in the cooling chamber. At'the proper time, the latch 'i2 is withdrawn by an lelectromagnet 'i5 to permit the coiee to open the gate valve 5S and pass through a chute l5 into the lower end of a tubular passage 'i5 extending upwardly and having its upper end opening into a hopper l5. A screen il is mounted in connection with the passage 'i5 below the opening from the chute '16. Such ofthe heavier foreign subamateur time that the opening 6 into the measuring restances as will not be drawn through the passage "l5 by suction may drop onto and through the screen 'Ell into a receptacle 118.
Upward' suction through the passage 'l5 is created by the blower 65 through a passage |5- having -its upper end opening into the hopper l5 into which the upper end of the passage 15 opens. The lower end of the passage 'le opens into the pipe Ell. A gate valve is attached to a. rocking support t i' and is movable from position in which it closes the lower end oi the passage l5 to position in which it closes the pipe 65 above the opening'into the passage l5 and vice versa (Fig. l). An arm 82 attached to the rod 3l is connected to a magnetic armature 83 and is operative to rock the rod 5i -tomove the gate valve to its diierent adjustments.I Thus, when air is drawn through the pipe 65, the passage 'l5 is closed by the' gate valve 85. When air is to be drawn through the passage 79 to create upward suction through the passage l5, the gate valve t@ is moved from the passage l5 to positionto close the pipe 65.
A screen 85, mounted in the hopper l5 between the opening from the passage l5 and the opening into the passage l5, prevents the coiee from being drawn into said passage l5.
A gate valve 85, mounted on a pivot 55, closes the opening through the bottom of the hopper l5. This valve is moved to closed position by a counterwelght 5l and is supported in closed p0- sition by a latch 35 released by an electro-magnet 55. Whenthe latch 58 is released, the weight of the coee in the hopper l5 will open the gate valve 55 and the coiee will pass through a chute @il into the rotary cylinder 3i. The cylinderii has an end wall 9i opposite the end wall 55 and is supported by a bearing device 52 on the open end of. the chute 95.
The shaft 56, which supports the door 55 to control pamage of the coffee from the chute i3 into the rotary roasting chamber l5 and to control discharge of the roasted coee from the roasting chamber into the chute 5l, also extends acrossA the open lower end of the chute 55 and supports a door 93 in all respects like the door 55 and operated in like manner to discharge coee into the cylinder 5i and to discharge coffee from said cylinder 5l into a chute 95 opening downwardly from the lower end of the chute 55 and having a discharge end 55 outside the casing i.
Heat forl heating the roasting chamber is generated by a burner i2i to which fuel is supplied through a'pipe l2 controlled by a valve l23 operated by an electro-magnet E25 energized by the electric circuit, as shown in Fig. 5. It is immaterial from what source the heat is obtained and I do not restrict myself to the use of a device for utilizing combustible fuel for that purpose. Obviously, any known type of heater may be used, such, for instance, as an electric heating device.
Heat is confined around the chamber i5 and the'rotary cylinder 5i by an insulated cover E25.
The previously` described mechanisms are synchronlzed by mechanism now to be described, Although electrical mechanism is shown, it is Understoodthat other similar mechanism could be used.
The mwer is derived from two power lines 95 ff and 5l.. Three main circuits, intercontrolled as will be shown, operate from these power lines.
The rst main circuit includes lead 55 and return 03 i-designated thus, although alternating current preferably is used. Lead i353 dividesv at lllinto lead E35, through motor 2l, thence through une ist, to panties, une sse, man
' motor |05, so that further means must be pro-v ||6,J line |31, and into return I3I at point |38. It will be seen that switch I I6 controlsthis circuit.
T'he other branch of lead |30, from point |32, is lead |39, branching at |40 into lead I4 I, the motor |05, line |42, to the point |43, line |44, to point |45, whence it passes into line |46 that joins lineroasting and cleaning cylinders I6 and 3|, theV motor |05 controlling the switches, and the gas valve |24 are all in parallel, and are allcontrolled by thel switch I I6, which last is controlled by its cam |I0. This cam is controlled in turn by the vided for energizing these mechanisms when the cam switch I I6 is open. To this end, a switch controlled by coffee in the hopper is provided, which switch is also subject to manual control.
This last mentioned switch is in parallel withA the switch II6, and hence also controls each of the devices controlled by the switch H6. -I-ts circuit is as follows: from point |45, that is on the line side of Jthe motor l21, the motor |05 and the valve |24, extends a line |50. This line passes through a mercury switch I 5 I pivotd to the hopper 2 and controlled bythe arm |02 connected to the plate IOI within the hopper. Hence the presence of coffee in the hopper depressies the -plate |0|, swinging the arm |02 upwardly, and closingv the switch I5|= as well as the switch 99. These switches may also be thrown manually.
From the mercury switch I5 I, the circuit includes line I 52, that joins return |3| at point |38. By this circuit, whenever the vswitch |5I is closed, the three mechanisms are energized regardless oi the position of the cam switch U6.
The second of the main circuits includes a lead |60 and a return |8I. Lead |80 branches at |62 into lead .|63 through cam switch. II5, thence through lead |64, to point |65. At point |55, the
lead branches so as". to put the solenoids 13 and |20 of the valves 'I2 and 03 respectively, in circuit in parallel. To this end, from point |85 branch leads |66 and |61 to Solenoids 'I3 and |20 respectively; and from said solenoids extendlines |68 and |69 respectively. that join at |10 into line` m, and at m menne m joins return m. Another circuit controlled from lead |60 is as follows: from point |52 brancheslead |13. This in turn branches at |14 into lead |15, through cam switch ||4, lead |16, the motor` 55, line |11 and to return |6I at point |12. v
A third circuit controlled from lead |80 is as follows: from lead |13, at point |14-branches`leacl |18. This passes through cam switch H3, lead |19, through the solenoid 89 of release", through simultaneously under control of switch H5; theA blower ymotor 65 operates under control of switch II4; and the cleaner hopper release 89 operates under control of switch II3. Since each of these switches is controlled by synchronizing motor l|05I these several mechanisms are operated by said motor. They therefore are under control of the switches ||6 and |5| that control the motor |05.
The third main circuit from the power lines 96 and 91 includes the leads |90 and I9I. Lead |90 passes through the primary of the transformer 93 and thence to return |9|. The transformer reduces the line voltage for operation of the modulating motor i2.
This motor l2 of itself forms no part of the invention. Itis designed to operate rst in one di-v rection for 180, and then in the opposite direction 180, to actuatc the measuring cup 5.- However, it could operate in 180 intervals in a constant direction. For illustration, it may be considered as having internal switches that are automatically opened (as by cams) after a single 180 of operation.y The motor includes two circuits, one for operating the cup from the up, or charge position, to the down, or discharge position, and the other for operating the cup from the down to the up position..
Both of these circuits are connected in parallel,
to the secondary lead |92, and the secondary re-f turn line |93. In the first instance, as for operating the cup into the up position, the circuit goes from the secondary lead |92, through the internal switch, .thence through line |94, the cam switch II1, line|95 to joint |96, thence through line |91 into the motor I2 and out the secondary return |93. This circuit obviously is controlled by the cam III, and synchronizes the time of operation of the cup to turn up to be recharged.
The circuit for turning the cup down is as follows, it being understood that the motor I2, as soon as the cup reaches its charge, or up, position automatically cuts its internal circuits over for operation in the reverse direction; the secondary lead |92 goes through this other internal circuit of motor I2, out through line |98, through series mercury switch 99, through line |99, cam switch H3, and line 200 to point I 96, whence it follows the common return |91 into the motor I2 and thence to secondary return line |93. It will thus be seen that the cup 5 .will not turn from its charge to its discharge position unless both the switches, 99 and |I9, are closed, so that the cup is under control of the synchronizing motor |05, and the coffee present in the hopper 2. It is to be remembered, however, that the switch 99 may be thrown manually.
The operation of the device is as follows:
At the stopping position all switches are open as shown in Fig. 5. Hence the entire mechanism is inoperative. To start the device, coffee is placed inthe hopper 2. The weight of this coiiee depresses the plate |0I closing both the switches 99 and I5 It will be understood that these switches may be thrown manually, if desired. Normally however, they are biased to open position. Closing of the switch 99has no immediate effect, since the circuit of the motor I2 is open at switch II8. The closing of the switch |5| puts the motors 21 |05 and the gas valve |24 into circuit despite the'fact that at this time the switch I I6 is open. Hence the gas valve |24 permits gas to flow to the burner, where it may be lighted. The motor 21 starts both of the cylinders IIiand 3| to rotating, and the motor |05 rotates the various cams in a counterclockwise direction. It may be assumed at this time that there is no coffee in any part of the mechanism. Very shortly after the' motor |05 starts operation, the cam IIO will move to close the switch I I6, thus closing the sustaining circuit to hold the motors 21 and 05 and the gas valve to the switch I5|.\ 'I'his action does not take place |24 in operation regardless of what may happen immediately for reasons to be shown, but does take place in a very short while. It will be understood that these various circuits are closed from the lines |34, |54, and |46, through the line |96, the switch ||6, the line |31 and into the return |3|,atpoint|38.
At this time, the measuring cup 5 may be considered as rotated to position wherein its opening 6 is turned downwardly to the discharge position. From the drawings it will be evident that it will remain in this position/throughout a substantial period of time. Since the cams rotate counterclockwise and the up cycle of the modulating motor i2 is controlled by the cam |I| and the switch Ill, it may be seen that this period of time can be substantially over half of the time of a complete cycle, although, of course, the time can be varied. Hence when the machine is put in operation, it will remain empty of coifee until the roasting cylinder I6 has time to become suitably heated in the burner l2 I After this Warnung up period is passed, the second step in the cycle is for the cam I I to close the switch ||1. This energizes the motor i2 to turn the measuring cup 5 upwardly to its charge position, the circuit of the motor |2 being from secondary lead |92 through the now closed internal current of the motor |2 to line |94, through the switch II1, line |95, the common line |91 and the secondary return line |93. The motor I2 will then turn the cup upwardly. The motor I2 operates slowly so that the cam I Irmust be of suflicient arcuate length to hold the switch ||1 until the cup is all the way up. A A y When the cup reaches its up position, the cam 5| will engage the follower 52 and through .the linkage mechanism will shift the gates 55 and 93 to the position shown in Figs. l and 2 Awherein they discharge coee from their respective cylinders. This operation has no significance at this stage, since the cylinders are empty. VAs soon as the motorv I2 has rotated the cup 5 to its up position, the motor automatically shuts offr to its internal mechanism, which internal mechanism,
thenoperates to be ready to rotate the cup down.
With the cup in its upward position, coi'ee will then flow from the hopper 2 through the chute 3 into the cup until itlls the cup. This takes a certain length of time during which the cam ||2 is moving over toward the position to close the switch H8. If the hopper contains enough coffee for a complete ll, the switch 99 will be maintained in closed position by the plate |0I. Then when the cam I I2 does close the switch I I8, the motor will then turn the'cup down. During this operation, the circuit to the motor I2 operates from the secondary lead |92 through the motor I2, the line |98, the switch 99, line |99, switch IIB, the line 200, the common return |91 and through the motor I2 to the secondary line |93. The cup will then slowly rotate to its down position. As it does so, the cam 5| leaves its follower 52 so that the spring 59 through the' link mechanism will shift the gates 55 and 93 out of their respective cylinders. The gate 55 now closes off the chute 51 and directs coffee discharged from the measuring cup into the chute I3 into the cylinder I6, which cylinder of course is constantly rotating.
As there is no coiiee in the remainder of the system, the operation of the several cams I 01, |08 and |09 is of no significance at the present time. The charge of coffeewill remain in the cylinder I6 roasting until the cam III can throw the cup vagainst the gate 85.
aromi? now roasting in the cylinder I6 is discharged into the chute 51 during all the time that the cupis up. The cup will remain up for the interval from shortly after the closing of switch ||1 and shortly after the closing of switch |I8'as determined by the cams |I| and ||2. This time is suicient to The Y valve is now in position shown in Fig. 1 Y
so that air is drawn by the blower through the cooling chamber 5| to cool the first charge of coiee'now roasting therein. After a short period, the cam |09 will close the switch I l5. This simultaneously energizes the solenoids 13 and |20 by placing them in circuit with the lead |60 and the line |5I. Energization of solenoid 13 releases the bottom gate 59 so that the coee within the chamber 5| will overbalance this gate and fall into the stoner compartment o'ver the screen l1. Simultaneously`the Y valve 80 Vshifts to suck air upwardly through the conduit 15 across the hopper. 16. and downwardly through the conduit 19. This assistsl in drawing the coffee into the stoner compartment and subsequently lifts it-freed of stones., etc., into the hopper Y16 where it rests As soon as all the coffee is discharged from the air chamber 6|, the counterweight 1| again closes the gate 69. After a short interval; of suiiicient duration to permit all the coffee from the cooling chamber 6I to be lifted into the hopper 16, the switch I I5 again opens, whereupon the release 'I2 again holds the gate 69 closed and the Y valve 80 returns to the position of Fig. l'. Shortly thereafter'the blower motor is out olf by the action of the cam |06. The cam |01 then closes the switch I|3 to release the gate of the hopper 16 and coee falls into the cleaning cylinder 3|. It will be remembered that the cup 5, at this time, isiin the down position so that the gate 93 is outside the cylinder 3| and directs coifee therein.
The coiiee will remain in the cleaning cylinder until the gate 93 shifts to the position of Fig. 2. This will not take place until the cup 5 again shifts upwardly by the return of the cam III to the position to close the switch |`|1, thus recommencing the cycle for the third charge of coffee. When this occurs, the first charge is discharged from theA cleaning cylinder 3| into thechute 9| and the discharge outlet 95. It will be understood that simultaneouslyrnow thelsecond charge of coifee, now roasted, is discharged into the cooling chamber 6|, following which a third charge is dumped from the cup into the roasting cylinder. Whenit is desired to stop the mechanism, the mercuryv switch, including the bulbs 99 and I5I, may be thrown manually. If, however at this time, there is a charge of coifee already in the roasting cylinder; the cam IIO will be in position to sustain the several circuits of the motor 21,
the synchronizing motor |05 and the gas valve V |24 until after the coffee has been discharged from the several cylinders. The discharge from the roasting cylinder is effected when the cam I 09 closes the switch H5. The cam l|0 will remain closed until after the coffee is drawn by the blower up into the hopper of the cleaning cylinder and also after the release from this hopper operates to discharge coffee into the chute 90. However, for reasons now to be shown, the coffee will not go into the cleaning cylinder.
When the mercury switch is open, the switch element 99 is also open. This prevents closure of the circuit for the down cycle of the modulating motor I2 by breaking connection between lines |98 and I99. Hence the cup 5 may not turn down Sending an additional charge of coffee into the roasting cylinder, although the discharge of the former charge of coffee from the roasting cylinder goes on as previously described. In other words, the cam switch Ill will duly turn the cup 5 up where it will remain because the down circuit is now held open bythe switch 99. With the measuring cup thus in its upward position, the'cam 5I will hold the gates 55 and 93 inside their cylinders and in position to discharge their contents; and they will remain in this discharge position. Therefore the previously described charge from the cleaning cylinder hopper 19 cannot get into that cylinder but is directly discharged into the outlet 95 through the chutes 90 and 94. Shortly after the cam |01 closes the switch I I3 and permits it again to open, the cam H opens the switch I IS to break the sustaining circuit and the entire machine stops. Thus it is seen vthat the machine cannot be stopped without completely roasting a charge of coffee. This point is significant since it prevents partially roasting the coffee at one operation and then completing it at another which would tend to produce ununiform roasting.
During the operation of the device, should at any time there not be enough coffee in the hopper 2 to completely ll the measuring cup 5, the plate IOI will shift upwardly again to open the switches '99 and I5! This will prevent the measuring cup from discharging a partial load into the roasting cylinder, such partial loads having a tendency to burn. However, at this time, the sustaining switch IIB will have been closed by the cam IIB to complete the cycle for previous charges, with the exception of the cleaning cylinder operation.
In beginning the discussion of this description, it was assumed that the device was going through a series of continuous operations. Therefore it was assumed that the cup was in the down position. As a matter of fact, after the machine is stopped in the manner heretofore described,`
either by manual operation oi' the mercury switch to the open position or by their automatic operation by failure of supply of coiee in the hopper 2, the measuring cup will have been held in the up position since the down circuit was open. This is the position when the machine is started anew.l
Hence when the cycle is initiated, the entire machine is empty and loading of coffee into the hopper v2 closes the mercury switches and immediately fills the measuring cup. When the cam I I I then subsequently closes the switch II'I, which normally operates the motor I2 to turn the cup up, the motor will not operate since, as heretofore described, the internal circuits of the motor open as soon as 180,o rotation is effected. Therefore this diierenceof having the cup:l up does not change the cycle"V from that of continuous operation. However, it will be noticed that the start of the machine finds the cam II2 in such position that the switch I I8 that closes the down circuit to charge coffee into the cylinder will not be closed for some time. Therefore the machine will operate empty for a period during which the roasting chamber can become .properly heated.
Should the machine be stopped, as by interruption of the power, the coffee may be discharged from the roasting chamber I6 by manually rotating said chamber by means of the clutch 35 and crank 36, at the same time preventing discharge of additional coffee into the roasting chamber by raising and supporting the head under the lever 48. 'Ihe coffee manually discharged from the roasting chamber will be passed through the opening 59 into the receptacle 60.
It is now apparent that this invention obtains all of its intended objects and purposes efficiently and is a complete self-contained coffee roaster and cleaner and is automatic in its operations. The mechanism for synchronizing and timing the operation of the devices is an important feature yof the invention, and the disclosure should be sulcient to enable anyone skilled in the art to make and operate the device.
I do not restrict myself unessentially in any particulars but contemplate such variations as are within the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A roasting apparatus comprising a rotary measuring receiver, a rotary roasting chamber, a chute for conducting coffee and the like from said receiver into said roasting chamber, a chute for conducting coffee and the like from said roasting chamber, a single means controlling delivery of coffee and the like from said first chute into said roasting chamber and from said roasting chamber into said second chute, mechanism for rotating said chamber, and devices operated by said mechanism for operating said controlling means to a pos-ition to deliver coffee into said roasting chamber only when said receiver is in its discharge position.
2. A roasting apparatus comprising a rotary measuring receiver, a. rotary roasting chamber, a chute for conducting coffee and the like from said receiver into said roasting chamber, a Chute for conducting coffee and the like from said roasting chamber, a gate movable to extend into or out of said rotary chamber and in its several positions controlling delivery of coffee and the like from said first chute into said roasting chamber and from said roasting chamber into said second chute, mechanism for rotating said receiver, and mechanism operated by said mechanism and in synchronism with said rotary measuring receiver controlling the operation of said means whereby to veiiect passage of coffee and the like from said first chute into said roasting chamber and from said roastingchamber into said second chute.
3. A coffee roasting apparatus comprising a rotary roasting chamber, a rotary stoner, a rst l mechanism for rotating said chamber and said being connected with said second mechanism to.
operate simultaneously therewith.
4. In a coffee roasting apparatus, a rotary roasting chamber, diverging and communicating chutes for conducting coffee into said chamber and from said chamber respectively, a device controlling passage of coee from one of said chutes into said chamber and from said chamber into the other chute, mechanism for rotating said chamber and for operating said device in a timed vrelationship to control passage of coiee discharged from one ci said chutes into said chamber and to discharge coee from said chamber into saidv second chute when said rst chute is empty, a cooling chamber arranged to receive coiee from said second chute, and a device controlling said second chute for discharging coiee therefrom into said cooling chamber or not as desired.
5. In a device of the kind described, a processing chamber, a discharge outlet therefrom, a second processing chamber having' an entrance above said discharge outlet, a. receiving chamber above said entrance, and air flow means connecting said discharge outlet with said receiving chamber including a blower, a ow conduit from said second chamber to said receiving chamber for transmitting the material discharged, and a return conduit leading back from the receiving chamber to the blower, cut-oi means to prevent iiow through Vthe flow conduit,
-ircm the measuring device to the processing mechanism, motive means including a rotary member for operating said measuring device, a cam on said rotary member, and means actuated by said cam to operate said gate in synchronism with the operation of the measuring device, so that the gate does not block the passage when the measuring device is in discharge position.
'7. In a device of the kind described, a measuring device, a processing mechanism, a conduit between the two, said measuring device being movable to a position wherein it discharges into the conduit, and to another position where it does not, discharge means leading from said processing mechanism, a gate in said conduit, andv means operating said gate into one position wherein it directs ow from the measuring device into the processing mechanism and simultaneously closes oil' said discharge means therefrom, and to another position wherein it directs iiow from said mechanism into said discharge means, and means interconnecting said gate and said measuring device so that the gate is moved into position directing ow into the processing mechanism when the measuring device is in discharge position. A
8. In a coffee roaster, a cooling chamber, a stoner, mechanism for rotating said stoner about a horizontal axis, conduit means for conveying said coil'ee from said cooling chamber to said stoner wherein it is cleaned, a receptacle in said conveying means to receive foreign objects deposited therein and thereby separated from said coiee, and means for discharging said coilee from said stoner. l
`9. Ina device of the kind described, va roasting chamber, a stoner, each having an entrance opening, a gate controlling each of said openings, a single shaft upon which both gates are mounted, and mechanism for operating said shaft to move both gates simultaneously.
10. In a device of the kind described, a roast- I ing chamber, a stoner chamber, ingress and egress passages for each, and a valve for each, each valve being designed to prevent` egress and simultaneously in egress, or ingress positions relaroasting chamber, and a synchronizer including simultaneously provide ingress into its respective chamber, or to direct egress therefrom and. simultaneously prevent ingress, and said valves being mechanically interconnected, whereby both are tive to theirA respective chambers.
11. In a device of the kind described, a measuring device, motive means operating the same, a roasting chamber and a stoner chamber, a driving mechanism for rotating said stoner chamber simultaneously with said roasting chamber, a gate valve for 'each chamber, and means controlled by said motive means for operating said two gate valves simultaneously whereby both valves simultaneously admit a charge into their l5 respective chambers.
l2. In a device ofthe kind described, a movable roasting chamber, electric means for moving the same, a blower, electrical control means for it, a. conduit communicating with said roasting chamber, electrically controlled cut-off means in said conduit, and a synchronizer having a plurality of switches with means for intermittently operating the same, for controlling said roasting chamber moving means, said blower and said cut-ofi means.
13. In a device of the kind described, a rotary roasting chamber, a rotary measuring chamber, a conduit between said two chambers, a cut-oi in said conduit, means including electrical devices for operating each of said rotary devices, and for controlling said cut-01T, switches controlling said electrical devices, and a synchronizer for selectively closing said switches so that said measuring chamber intermittently feeds into said conduit, said cut-oiat the same time permits communication into said roasting chamber, and said roasting chamber rotates.
14. In a device of the kind described, ameasuring device movable from receiving to discharg 40 ing position, a movable roasting chamber, a motor for moving said measuring device, a circuit for Said motor, a second motor for moving said'- roasting chamber, a. `circuit for said second motor, and synchronizing means controlled by said second motor when said second motor is` operating and controlling the operation of said rSt motor.
15. In adevice of the kind described, a measuring device, movable from receiving to discharging position, amovable roasting chamber, a motor for moving saidmeasuring device, a circuit for said motor, a second motor for said a third motor, said second and third motors being connected in parallel whereby to operate simultaneously, and said synchronizing devices including switchesadapted to control all said motors.
16. In a roasting device, a roasting means operable to roast material for a predeterminedl period, a synchronizing device automatically operable for a given cycle, a. blower device selectively operable to cool vthe roasted material or to convey it, said synchronizing device in its cycle irst operating said roasting means, then energizing said blower device to cool the material, then operating the blower device to convey the material to y a predetermined place, and after the material is conveyed, cutting off the blower device.
17. In a roasting device, a roasting means operable for a predetermined time, means including an electric circuit for operating said roasting means, two switches in parallel in said circuit.' whereby the circuit is broken only if both 75 switches are open, and means for maintaining one of said switches closed until the roasting operation is complete, once said operation has been started. y
l8 In a roasting mechanism, a rotatable roasting chamber, a motor for rotating the same, a switch, a motor for actuating the switch, said motors being connected in parallel, and the switch being in the circuit of both motors, said switch actuating motor having means to maintain the switch closed always until the roasting chamber has rotated for a predetermined time, and then to open the switch to permit both motors to stop.
19. In a roasting apparatus, a roasting charnber, a motor for moving the same, a synchronizing device, a motor for operating the device, and a gas valve with electrical means for controlling the same, said motors and said electrical means being connected in parallel, said synchronizing device including a switch in a junction of all said parallel circuits, and said switch being maintained closed by said synchronizing device after the roasting process is initiated, until after a. predetermined period of time, whereby to keep the roasting chamber motor, the synchronizing motor and the gas valve operating means all energized during said period.
20. In a roasting apparatus, a roasting chamber, a measuring device-movable to position to receive material, and then to position to discharge the same into the roasting chamber, a door controlling the passage of material into or out of vsaid chamber, means operated by operation of said measuring device to move said door to position to discharge material from the chamber when the measuring device is in receiving positicn, a cooling chamber adapted to receive material dis charged irom said roasting chamber, a cooling mechanism operable to cool the material in said chamber, and synchronizingv means to begin the operation of said cooling mechanism when the material enters said cooling chamber.
21. In a device of the kind described, a pair of cylinders, a gate for each cylinder, each gate being movable to one position wherein it directs material into the cylinder, and to another position wherein it directs material out of the cylinder, a common means for simultaneously moving said gatesinto corresponding positions with respect to their respective cylinders, a measuring device movable to charge material at intervals into the first of said cylinders, means operable by movement, of said measuring device to shift said gates so that when said measuring device is in its charge position, the gates are in position to direct material into the cylinders, means for periodically operating said measuring device, means for conveying material from said iirst cylinder to be discharged into said second cylinder, and means for synchronizing the operations of the measuring device and conveying means so that the measuring cylinder is in its position to place the gates in position to direct material into the cylinders when the coffee has been made available by said conveying means for said second cylinder.
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Ackman's Pershing Square Shows Raised Stakes in General Growth (GGP), Kraft (KFT), New Position in Alexander & Baldwin (ALEX)
- RenaissanceRe (RNR) to Acquire Platinum Underwriters (PTP) in $1.9B Deal
- U.S. Defense Secretary Hagel Said to Step Down Amid Pressure
- Pre-Open Stock Movers 11/24: (RNA) (CIMT) (PTP) Higher; (LGF) (TSL) (CBI) Lower (more...)
- United Technologies (UTX) CEO Chenevert Announces Retirement; CFO Hayes to Assume Role
- Apple (AAPL) PT Raised to $135 at Susquehanna on Greater iPhone 6 Plus Mix
Get Alerts TGT Hot Sheet
Price: $71.66 +0.21%
Overall Analyst Rating:
NEUTRAL (= Flat)
Dividend Yield: 3.1%
EPS Growth %: -35.7%
Overall Analyst Rating:
NEUTRAL (= Flat)
Dividend Yield: 3.1%
EPS Growth %: -35.7%
Trade TGT Now!
Join SI Premium – FREE
The 13F from Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Capital shows the fund:
Serious News for Serious Traders! Try StreetInsider.com Premium Free!
You May Also Be Interested In
- UPDATE: IBM (IBM) Active on Chatter
- UPDATE: Glenview Capital Lifts Stake in Teradyne (TER) to 5.5%
- Fed Board Conducts Review of Supervision of Biggest Banks
Create E-mail Alert Related Categories13Fs, Hedge Funds, Trader Talk
Related EntitiesWilliam Ackman, Pershing Square Capital
Sign up for StreetInsider Free!
Receive full access to all new and archived articles, unlimited portfolio tracking, e-mail alerts, custom newswires and RSS feeds - and more!


text:
A torqued archwire for use in an edgewise orthodontic bracket system. The archwire is substantially rectangular in cross-section, is made of titanium-based alloy and has a plurality of segments, including an anterior segment which is sized to cooperate with brackets attached to a person's central and lateral teeth. Positive torque is built into this anterior segment, with substantially the same positive torque being used across the entire length of the segment. Extending from the respective ends of the anterior segment are a pair of transition segments, in which the torque built into the archwire is approximately zero. Posterior segments of the archwire, which extend distally from the transition segments, each have a negative built-in torque, with substantially the same negative torque being used across the entire lengths of these segments. For ease of reference by an orthodontist, the "active" anterior segment of the archwire is laser etched or colored with non-toxic ink.
1. An archwire of substantially rectangular cross-section which, in conjunction with a set of orthodontic brackets having slots to edgewise receive the archwire, applies torque forces to selected teeth, the archwire comprising:
a continuous, elongated member of titanium-based alloy formed to have a plurality of segments, including,
a curved anterior segment having a centerpoint,
which segment upon insertion into corresponding bracket slots, extends substantially parallel to the four central and lateral teeth with the centerpoint positioned between the brackets on the two central teeth;
first and second transition segments, each extending distally from a respective end of the anterior segment; and
first and second posterior segments extending distally from, respectively, the distal ends of the first and second transition segments;
wherein the anterior segment has a positive built-in torque which is substantially the same over the length of the segment each of the posterior segments has a negative built-in torque which is substantially the same over the length of the segment and each transition segment, upon insertion of the archwire into the bracket slots, is positioned corresponding to a bracket on a cuspid tooth, the transition segments each having approximately 0° built-in torque.
2. The archwire of
3. The archwire of
4. The archwire of
5. The archwire of
6. The archwire of
7. The archwire of
The present invention relates to orthodontic systems and appliances, and more particularly, to a titanium-based archwire having a positively torqued anterior section and a negatively torqued posterior section.
Preadjusted and integrated "straight-wire" orthodontic bracket systems are well known, in which all the necessary angles and planes of movement—commonly referred to as "tip," "torque," "in-out" and "anti-rotation"—are manufactured directly into the brackets. These straight-wire appliances, when properly placed on teeth, are designed to allow the force and resilience of unbent archwires to work with the preadjustments to guide the teeth into ideal positions.
Contemporary appliance system designers strive to identify the proper position desired for each tooth at the conclusion of fixed appliance therapy (mechanotherapy), so that the individual brackets can be pre-built to provide, in conjunction with an archwire, theoretically appropriate alignment forces to the respective teeth. For example, if a designer desires seven degrees of crown torque, then a seven degree torque angle has typically been built into the individual edgewise bracket by well-known methods. The amount of torque actually expressed by a bracket, however, is dependent upon the wire-to-slot deviation angle—referred to as slot "play." Some play generally exists between any archwire and an edgewise bracket slot, even if the archwire is considered "full-size" relative to the slot. This play reduces the actual torque provided by the system from its full and theoretically correct expression.
To compensate for inadequate torque built into many preadjusted bracket systems, positive (+) crown torque is commonly added to the upper anterior segment of rectangular or square archwires late in treatment. Similarly, it may be desirable to apply a small amount of lingual or negative (−) crown torque to the lower anterior (i.e., central and lateral) teeth early in treatment to maintain their "upright" orientation.
These anterior-specific torque treatments are handled in various ways. Orthodontists most often add positive crown torque to the upper anterior segment by manually bending the torque into the anterior portion of individual stainless steel archwires. Titanium-based alloy archwires, particularly nickel titanium (nitinol) archwires, are generally considered to be ideal for orthodontics, especially in comparison to stainless steel, largely due to the low force these wires impart to crowns, coupled with their outstanding shape memory. This "superelasticity" is more biocompatible, meaning that there is less chance of damaging the dentition by moving crowns too quickly. Titanium-based wires also provide more complete correction without the need to constantly change archwires due to permanent deformation. It is virtually impossible, however, for an orthodontist to manually bend torque into titanium-based archwires due to this outstanding resistance to permanent deformation. This is why, for the critical final torque moments that are commonly bent into archwires, orthodontists are generally limited to the high forces and low shape memory of stainless steel, as opposed to the far more comfortable and biocompatible forces of nickel titanium or other titanium-based alloys.
For purposes of this invention, it will be understood that the term "titanium-based alloy" is intended to include nickel titanium alloys (with or without other elements, such as copper, columbium, iron or aluminum), beta titanium alloys and near-beta titanium alloys.
Manually bending torque into individual stainless steel archwires is a complex procedure that requires tremendous clinical skill and experience. Even substantial skill and experience do not assure an orthodontist that the desired torque will be imparted to the archwire or that the desired correction will occur precisely for each patient. Moreover, since an orthodontist is almost always directly responsible for manually torquing individual archwires, a great deal of "chairtime" is required.
In regard to applying lingual crown torque to the lower anterior teeth early in the treatment process, this is commonly attempted by using lower anterior brackets which have small amounts of torque built into them. Since small archwires allow for too much "play" in the bracket slots to express low levels of built-in bracket torque, "full-size" archwires are required if there is to be any meaningful expression of the desired lingual torque. But using a large edgewise wire early in treatment is not recommended, since the force provided is likely to be excessive and may cause biocompatibility problems (e.g., an overall reduction in the length of the root of the tooth, referred to as root "resorption"). Likewise, building more torque into the lower anterior brackets to compensate for the archwire play of small wires is not recommended, since problems could arise later in treatment when larger edgewise wires are employed, as they would then begin to express excessive amounts of lingual crown torque.
Because of these various difficulties in anterior-specific torque treatment, pretorqued archwires have been developed in which torque is built directly into the wire during manufacture. Pretorqued wires save valuable chairtime over manual wirebending (particularly since application of them can often be delegated to an orthodontic assistant as a routine wire change), they have greater biocompatibility (if titanium-based wire is used) and they theoretically provide more accurate results.
Currently, several types of pretorqued archwires are available to the orthodontist. One is a preformed stainless steel archwire. These wires have the drawbacks, however, of high force, resultant poor biocompatibility and low shape memory. Also, the built-in torque in all presently known steel versions extends through both the anterior and the posterior segments of the wire. It is not common to add torque to the upper posterior teeth, and it is usually very undesirable to increase torque in the lower posterior teeth. Consequently, the current pretorqued stainless steel archwires are seen as providing little improvement, if any, over the common art of manually bending wires, and they have had very little success in the marketplace.
Pretorqued nickel titanium archwires have also been introduced, but the earliest of these achieved little commercial success since they did not meet certain critical criteria. Specifically, the positive built-in torque was not limited to the anterior segment, as desired for proper treatment. Rather, positive torque also extended into the posterior area, where negative crown torque, if any, is most desirable. The transition from passive to torqued (active) wire should ideally occur in the area between the lateral and cuspid brackets (distal to the lateral bracket and mesial to the cuspid bracket), but in the first available nitinol pretorqued archwires this transition area was very broad, with the result that too little torque force was imparted to the lateral teeth and/or an undesirable (positive) torque force was imparted to some of the posterior teeth.
To address these problems, Ortho Specialties, Inc. of Hickory Hills, Ill., developed an improved, pretorqued archwire in which positive built-in torque was limited to a segment of the wire that, in use, corresponded to the brackets attached to anterior teeth. As described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,722,827 and 6,036,489 (assigned to Ortho Specialties), torque was built into the anterior segment, being maximized at the centerpoint and adjacent the central teeth brackets and then decreasing continuously along the remaining length of the anterior segment. The torque diminished to zero in transition segments between the corresponding adjacent lateral and cuspid brackets, and the posterior segments of the archwire (extending distally from the transition segments), generally included no built-in torque.
Over time, Ortho Specialties further modified this pretorqued archwire design so that substantially the same positive torque was built into the entire anterior segment, generally in the range of +10° to +50°, and preferably about +20°. As before, the posterior segments generally include no built-in torque. This archwire is manufactured for Ortho Specialties by Ultimate Wire Company of Bristol, Conn.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a still further improved torqued (i.e., pretorqued) archwire in which positive built-in torque is limited to a segment of the wire that, in use, corresponds to the brackets attached to anterior teeth, and in which a negative built-in torque is provided in the segments of the wire that, in use, correspond to the brackets attached to posterior teeth.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved torqued archwire which is made of titanium-based alloy, such as nickel titanium, and thus has greater shape memory and is more biocompatible than stainless steel wire.
A further object of this invention is to provide a torqued archwire which has the positive active portion marked for ease of reference by an orthodontist.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a torqued archwire for use in an edgewise orthodontic bracket system. The archwire is an elongated member (i.e., either a single strand or a multi-strand braid) substantially rectangular in cross-section, is made of titanium-based alloy and has a plurality of segments, including an anterior segment which is sized to cooperate with brackets attached to a person's central and lateral teeth. Positive torque is built into this anterior segment, and is substantially the same along the entire length of the segment. Extending from the respective ends of the anterior segment are a pair of transition segments, generally corresponding with the patient's cuspids, in which the torque built into the archwire is approximately zero. Posterior segments of the archwire, which extend distally from the transition segments, include a negative built-in torque. For ease of reference by an orthodontist, the "active" anterior segment of the archwire is laser etched or colored with non-toxic ink.
The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures, in which:
Turning now to the drawings and referring first to
The present invention relates to preadjusted orthodontic bracket systems and methods for straightening upper and lower permanent teeth. More specifically, this invention is related to torque, which is also known to orthodontists as inclination or third order bends. Torque inclination is illustrated in
The engagement between wire 40 and the side walls defining slot 23 applies a torque force to the tooth on which the bracket is mounted. Different torque angles are typically formed into the respective brackets for various teeth so as to apply a different torque force to each tooth. The built-in torque angle for each tooth depends upon the conventional orthodontic technique for which a bracket is designed.
The torque angle σ and the slot width c of a bracket can be designed so that, when the bracket is used with a specifically-manufactured archwire, a conventional orthodontic technique may be replicated as to its theoretically desired embodiment accurately, predictably, efficiently and easily. This is due to precise consideration of the slot width and archwire dimensions (including corner radii) and of the actual torque forces generated. The magnitude of the actual torque forces applied to a tooth is based upon the torque angle σ built into the respective bracket 20, the long cross-sectional dimension b and the short cross-sectional dimension a of the rectangular wire 40, and the width c of the archwire slot 23. The actual (or effective) torque force angle Θ is determined by subtracting "slot play" (i.e., the deviation angle φ) in a bracket/wire combination from the built-in torque angle σ.
The built-in torque angle σ is known (or can be readily determined) for a given bracket, and, if it is assumed that the archwire is perfectly square or rectangular, the deviation angle φ for the bracket/wire combination can be calculated by the formula:
Conversely, it will be appreciated that once the effective torque angle Θ recommended by a selected orthodontic technique is determined, and if the precise dimensions of a rectangular archwire and of a bracket slot are measured, then calculations can be made of both the deviation angle φ and the necessary built-in torque angle σ for achieving the effective torque angle.
The formula (1) above, which is based on an assumption of perfectly square or rectangular wire, has been supplemented with more accurate formulas that take into consideration wire corner rounding or beveling, which is common in available archwires. These formulas are discussed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,370, which patent is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Many commercial bracket systems are not designed to compensate for slot play. Instead, brackets are typically designed with the built-in torque angle σ matching the effective torque angle Θ prescribed by a particular orthodontic technique. As a result, because "full-sized" wires are not commonly used, the actual torque achieved is usually significantly less than prescribed.
The torqued archwire described herein compensates for the less-than-prescribed torque forces provided by the common usage of commercial bracket systems. Specifically, in accordance with an important aspect of the present invention, a rectangular titanium-based archwire is (a) positively torqued in a precisely defined anterior region such that, when it is used in conjunction with a commercial bracket system, additional positive torque force is applied to the anterior teeth, and (b) negatively torqued in the posterior regions such that, when used in conjunction with a commercial bracket system, additional negative torque is applied to the posterior teeth. Preferably, the torques built into the archwire should substantially correspond to, and compensate for, the slot play which results from insertion of the archwire into the slots of commercial anterior brackets.
Turning now to
In the present invention, the positive torquing of the archwire's anterior region begins precisely at the "zero" points (ZL, ZR), which are formed in the archwire a predetermined arcuate distance from one another, depending upon the desired "size" of the wire. Since the populace includes persons having different archwidths, it is desirable to provide archwires having active regions of various lengths (i.e., sizes). Active region lengths over a range of about 24–40 mm would be adequate to accommodate almost all persons, and the assignee of this invention, Ortho Specialties, presently markets torqued nitinol archwires having three different active region lengths—28 mm, 34 mm and 38 mm. For any given person, an appropriately-sized torqued archwire should be long enough that, upon insertion into the edgewise bracket slots, each of its "zero" points lies in the space between brackets attached to corresponding adjacent lateral and cuspid teeth.
Referring again to
Although not illustrated, it will be appreciated that the inventive archwire is designed so that the torques along the left half of the archwire essentially mirror the right half torques shown in
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventor intends for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
The use of the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to,") unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
Town Square
Little League facilities: Too big for the park?
Original post made on Feb 15, 2014
Read the full story here Web Link posted Wednesday, February 12, 2014, 12:00 AM
Comments (1)
a resident of Atherton: other
on Feb 15, 2014 at 7:18 am
It was a good call by the Majority. Removing 50 seats would likely reduce the width of the grandstands only by 2' to 4'- not worth killing the project.
Don't miss out on the discussion!
Sign up to be notified of new comments on this topic.
I Told My Mom She's Dying
By Chandrama Anderson | 13 comments | 2,687 views
Grab a Bowl of Heaven soon in Mountain View
By Elena Kadvany | 0 comments | 2,126 views
Quick Check List for UC Applications
By John Raftrey and Lori McCormick | 0 comments | 1,488 views
Palo Alto and Bay Area Election Facts and Thoughts on the Implications
By Steve Levy | 7 comments | 1,061 views
I live near Sunset
By Stuart Soffer | 5 comments | 545 views


text:
Search Results: ''
Vermiculture:Worm Farming as an Inexpensive and Green Way to Get Quality Compost
Paperback: List Price: $17.49 $13.12 | You Save: 25%
Ships in 3-5 business days.
Vermiculture means: cultivation of worms. It is possible because of the special characteristic of the worms. Worms contain both testes and ovaries as sex organs. Which means that worms are both male... More > and female. So that every worm can exchange sperms by overlapping the other worm and then lay eggs. This way their population rate increases automatically. Once they come out of an egg, it takes approximately a year to form a full size worm. Their population rate depends on many factors, such as the available quantity of food, moisture in the soil, PH of soil, salts available in the soil, the capacity of reproducing and dispersing of the worms and temperature of the soil etc.< Less
Top 10see more >
Blood in the Studio
Paperback: $14.99
How I made it: Striking...
Paperback: $16.10
Turn Your iPad into a...
Paperback: $16.10
A Simple Path
Paperback: $6.36
A Gift of Leadership
Paperback: $21.00
Common Sense: A Book...
Paperback: $9.98
Ibbetson Street #36
Paperback: $10.00
Beautiful Chaos
Paperback: $15.00
List for Santa, List for...
Paperback: $14.39
Burn Your Goals: The...
Paperback: $25.00


text:
1 Apartments For Rent in Sun Village, CA
More Info
ForRent.com, an apartment finder service, makes your Sun Village, CA rental search easy. Let us guide your search apartments for rent listings provided. To narrow down your results, select from the neighborhood apartments for rent links below.
Showing 1 - 1 of 1 apartments found
Featured Apartments in Sun Village, CA
Palm Chaparral Apartments
Watch Video About This Property
- Palmdale, CA
- Work 1-866-844-5674
- 34.577060861813 -118.1384489414
Littlerock, CA 93543
11046 East Avenue R-12
Other Sun Village Apartment Search Options
Cities Near Sun Village
- West Hollywood (46)
- Rancho Cucamonga (33)
- Hollywood (26)
- Lancaster (22)
- Upland (20)
View all Greater Los Angeles Apartments
Sun Village Apartments by Zip Code
- 93543 (1)
City, State
(888) 999-9999
Thank You! Your email has been sent. We appreciate your interest.


text:
User Profile: Oldsarge44
Member Since: October 04, 2012
[4] October 16, 2014 at 1:23pm
What advantage does a poor white over a poor black? No one little iota. If neither one gets an education or learns a trade they will both remain poor no matter their skin color. Of course, any black who succeeds no matter their situation has to be an Uncle Tom or Whitey"s fool according to other blacks. I guess they inherited "White Privilege" and didn't realize they succeeded on their own merits. White Privilege is just another way to say White Guilt.
[3] October 13, 2014 at 11:31am
Have you always been this out of touch with reality? This man had no idea what would happen to him so your do-over is a pathetic attempt to denigrate a State and Governor because of a Hospital's incompetence.
In reply to datard's comment on the story 'A Private Hospital in a Red State': MSNBC Host Lays Blame for 'Spread of Ebola' in U.S.
[2] October 13, 2014 at 11:23am
@ So now Governor Perry is running the Hospitals in Texas. Pretty delusional mind you have there.
[1] October 13, 2014 at 11:21am
@datard No, you just traded terrorists for a traitor.
In reply to N8LHG's comment on the story 'A Private Hospital in a Red State': MSNBC Host Lays Blame for 'Spread of Ebola' in U.S.
[2] October 6, 2014 at 1:36pm
I went to school in the fifties and not one of my teachers ever "preached" in the classroom. While there was prayer in school it was not mandatory to participate. We weren't ever asked what our religion or our denomination was because they were too busy teaching us the skills we needed to survive in the real world. This was in the Bible Belt South. All this idiocy about religion in the classroom is just that, idiocy. If a Bible on a bookshelf converts you to Christianity, or a Koran on that same bookshelf converts you to Islam, or a statue of Buddha somewhere in the room converts you to Buddhism, then you were pretty well brain-dead and weak-willed anyway.
In reply to blinknight's comment on the story Should Teachers Be Allowed to Display Bibles and Scripture in the Classroom?
[4] September 23, 2014 at 11:49am
Because our judges, politicians, and liberals are too busy doing every thing in their power to make us feel ashamed to fly the flag and show our love for this country. It's time to ban the flying of any countries flag that is not the US flag anywhere in the country except or consulates, embassies, or the UN.
In reply to crystalsky's comment on the post 9th Circuit: It's OK to ban American flag shirts on Cinco De Mayo
[7] September 23, 2014 at 11:44am
No sadder than you with your worship of anything Democrat if even it proves to be harmful, ie, Obamacare.
[8] August 5, 2014 at 12:50pm
Waiting to see if any of our mainstream news people run this clip. I won't hold my breath because it doesn't fit their agenda to make Israel the bad guys. No ethical journalists left in the US anymore. Their are too busy letting their bias get in the way of reporting the facts and not their opinions.
In reply to the story Damning Video: Indian TV Appears to Catch Hamas Red-Handed Outside Its Hotel
Responses (1) +
[5] August 5, 2014 at 1:32pm
pissantno.10 responded:
[17] July 29, 2014 at 7:53pm
Love that Palestinian propaganda don't you. Who puts their rockets in schools, mosques, and civilian houses so the civilian casualties are high. Not Israel, who warns the civilians before they attack to get out. You are one sick individual when you make the remark about caring about Palestinian's and Israeli's. You only care about the Palestinians because you blame Israel for something that the Arab world caused. Israel asked the Palestinians to stay and become citizens of Israel but the Arab nations told them to leave. Jordan got tired of them and kicked them and no other Arab country would take them in. It would be nice of just once you Palestinian lovers would see the truth behind this on-going conflict.
[17] July 29, 2014 at 7:45pm
You need to change your name. You and the truth are not even near each other. Hamas has and continues to reject the right of Israel to exist and a 10 year ceasefire would only give them more time to obtain more rockets or even worse. Also freedom is not something you understand. Israel gave up the West Bank and Gaza in the hopes of peace and it did not deter Hamas one iota. Get off the whining about the poor Palestinians and remember who started this conflict.
[3] June 30, 2014 at 5:47am
Hildabeest couldn't issue a "standdown order" not being part of the Military. Keep hiding your head in the sand until its too late. The funding part has been proven to be a lie just like most of your comment. Can't find out the truth as long as the administration covers up their incompetence and lack of clarity. It's easy to find conclusions to support your agenda. Do you really think the Democrat controlled Senate would make any findings that would have implicatied Hildabeest and Obama in complicity?
In reply to VanDammage's comment on the story Bill Clinton Says GOP Is Hypocritical About Benghazi
[1] June 27, 2014 at 9:15am
Not much of a racist are you?
[35] June 26, 2014 at 1:39pm
It just gets worse as the fabric of society breaks down even further. Years ago people would have stepped in and stopped the assualt. Now, it is like entertainment for the masses. Despicable attacker and despicable bystanders.
[1] June 23, 2014 at 5:12pm
Appointing a special counsel from within the VA is like locking the fox in the henhouse and expecting no dead chickens in the morning. More stonewalling by a government beauocracy.
In reply to the story The VA's Surprising Takeaway: Long Wait Times Not Affecting Veterans' Health
[6] June 16, 2014 at 9:35pm
Not with that attitude, he needs to be fired immediately. It was plain from his statement he saw nothing wrong with bonuses being paid for incompetence. What he was years ago has no bearing on his stupidity today.
[8] June 16, 2014 at 6:48am
@wagman It was Thomas Jefferson who negotiated the treaty. Apparently you can't find Google because it you did you wouldn't have misquoted it.
In reply to DetectiveGreenGA's comment on the story His School Wouldn't Let Him Speak About Christianity. He Did It Anyway.
June 5, 2014 at 7:41pm
utopoiabuster Bergdahl was a PFC when he walked away from his post. He subsequently was promoted to Spec 4 and Sergeant while in captivity.
In reply to utopiabuster's comment on the story Report: Bergdahl Had History of Wandering Away From Assigned Areas
[1] June 5, 2014 at 7:38pm
utopiabuster Bergdahl was a PFC when he left his unit. He subsequently was promoted to Spec 4 and Sergeant while in captivity.
In reply to utopiabuster's comment on the story Report: Bergdahl Had History of Wandering Away From Assigned Areas
April 10, 2014 at 8:46pm
April 10, 2014 at 1:58pm
You really ought to go back and comply the number of slave owners who signed the Declaration of Independence. I suspect you will find there were more signers who did not own slaves. Also think about the context of the times in which they lived. Slavery had been an established fact for centuries among most nations so don't make those men out to be any worse than anyone else owned slaves. Did that make it right? Absolutely not, under no circumstances should one person own another.
In reply to Jim S's comment on the story Who's Really Responsible for the Civil Rights Act?
Channel Finder
Find TheBlaze on your TV
Channel Finder
TheBlaze is available on channel .
Spread the word!
If you can't find TheBlaze, please call to upgrade your package
Channel Finder
Unfortunately, TheBlaze is not available on .
But you can help! Call at or press CONTINUE to email your provider and urge them to add TheBlaze to your channel lineup.
But you can help! Press CONTINUE to email your provider and urge them to add TheBlaze to your channel lineup.Continue
Request TheBlaze
Please complete the form
Thank you for supporting TheBlaze
While you're waiting for your TV provider to get TheBlaze, sign up to watch it online now.
- Creationist History Professor Who Rejects Evolution Under Fire as Atheists Accuse Him of 'Crossing Ethical and Constitutional Lines' 437 Comments
- Take a Gander at the Catholic Church's Six New Saints -- Including Two From an Eastern Rite Church 421 Comments
- Liberal Challenges Mike Rowe to Explain How a Christian (or Anyone) Could Vote Republican. Rowe's Answer Is Simply Awesome. 372 Comments
- Rapper's Stunning Ferguson-Inspired Twitter Rant Involves Killing 'Crackers in Their Sleep' and 'Hatred for All Straight White Men' 319 Comments
- 'Burn This Bi**h Down!': Mike Brown's Step-Dad Caught on Vid Inciting Violence, and Here's How the Family Attorney Responded 317 Comments
- Commentary Hey Ferguson Protestors: Justice Has Been Done, But You Never Wanted Justice. 118.3K Shares
- Liberal Challenges Mike Rowe to Explain How a Christian (or Anyone) Could Vote Republican. Rowe's Answer Is Simply Awesome. 69.9K Shares
- Actors and Crew of New Bible Series Stunned By Yet Another Image That Appeared in the Sky 52.1K Shares
- Remember the Government Lessons of 'Schoolhouse Rock'? Watch 'President Obama' Destroy What You Learned With One Hard Shove. 36.2K Shares
- The 'Truly Frightening' Thing a Texas Teacher Allegedly Told One Mother 26.5K Shares
- After This Man Forgave His Abusive Father, Something Amazing Happened Read More
- Actors and Crew of New Bible Series Stunned By Yet Another Image That Appeared in the Sky 114 Comments
- Iran's Supreme Leader: The U.S. Won't Bring Us to Our Knees Read More
- How Some Islamist Supporters Are Reacting to the Ferguson Unrest Read More
- Sadie Robertson Brings Tears to Willie's Eyes and Performs Something So Memorable Even the 'DWTS' Judges Are in Awe Read More
- Waiting for Cyber Monday to Shop Online? Analysts Say There's Actually a Better Day for Deals Read More
- The Third-Quarter Economic Numbers Are In, and They're Not What Analysts Expected Read More
- Announcing TheBlaze 2014 American-Made Christmas Catalog Read More
- Why TGI Fridays Will Be Flying a Drone Around This Holiday Season Read More
- Working in This Industry Leads to More Dishonest Behavior Compared to Other Jobs Read More
- Could Drones Replace Ambulances as a Faster Means to Treat Heart Attack Patients? Read More
- Millions of New Illegal Immigrants to Get Drivers Licenses in California Read More
- License Plate Readers in This City Track 263,430 Cars. Guess How Many Arrests Police Made as a Result. Read More
- New Video Shows 'Huge Fireball' Rocket Explosion From Four Different Angles Read More
- 'Scary' New Record Involves Big Rig With a Trailer Jumping a Race Car — Just Watch Read More
The Blog
- The government wrote a 52-page report to show that people buy fast food to save time
- Latest 'fired' VA official isn't out yet, has right to appeal
- Watch: Chuck Schumer admits Dems should have focused on jobs, not Obamacare
- "[H]istory shows the truth eventually wins": Readers respond to Beck on Upton Sinclair's secret socialist cover-up letter
- Food trucks escape Obamacare's new rules on nutrition labels
The Wire
- Asia stocks rise after US growth revised higher
- AP-BKC--Akron-Penn St. Box
- Penn State's second-half surge sinks Akron 78-72
- Curry powers Warriors past Heat 114-97
- More National Guard troops roll into Ferguson
- Portis has 22 as No. 25 Arkansas wins 78-72 at SMU
- No. 7 TEXAS 78, ST. FRANCIS (PA.) 46
- No. 3 Arizona beats Kansas State 72-68 in Maui


text:
|My Wayfair
|New! Essentials for Thanksgiving Dinner »
|New! Traditional Dining Room Photos »
|The Gift Shop »
Hubbardton Forge Moreau Floor Lamp
Hubbardton Forge Moreau Floor Lamp
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Standard
|Style: Modern
|Base Finish: 1: Black
|Base Finish: 2: Bronze
|Base Finish: 3: Iron
|Base Finish: 4: Steel
|Bulb Type: Incandescent
|Switch Type: Dimmer
|Shade Included: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerHubbardton Forge was founded in a small Vermont barn in 1974, when two young men revived the nearly forgotten craft of hand-forging raw steel. Today, Hubbardton Forge is one of the most respected brands in the lighting industry for trend-setting designs, uncompromising quality, unsurpassed customer service, and a genuine commitment to the environment. Their fine lighting is proudly handcrafted in Vermont, at one of the largest contemporary commercial forges in the U.S.A. Hubbardton Forge. The Modern American Blacksmiths.
Hubbardton Forge Moreau Floor Lamp
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help
Hubbardton Forge Moreau Floor Lamp
Free Shipping
Ships to:
Ships via: FedEx/UPS (Learn More)
Delivery Estimates
Enter your shipping zip or postal code to calculate shipping estimates
Return Policy
We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund.30-Day Return Policy
Customer Reviews
Tell us what you think!
Tell us what you think about this product. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow Birch Lane shoppers make better purchases.Write the first review
OUR SKU # HUB2580Moreau Floor Lamp is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 233070-03-817, 233070-03-818, 233070-03-819, 233070-03-820, 233070-03-821, 233070-05-817, 233070-05-818, 233070-05-819, 233070-05-820, 233070-05-821, 233070-07-817, 233070-07-818, 233070-07-819, 233070-07-820, 233070-07-821, 233070-08-817, 233070-08-818, 233070-08-819, 233070-08-820, 233070-08-821, 233070-10-817, 233070-10-818, 233070-10-819, 233070-10-820, 233070-10-821, 233070-20-817, 233070-20-818, 233070-20-819, 233070-20-820, 233070-20-821


text:
Hona Costello - All You Need
Artist: Hona Costello
Producer: 808Mafia
Album: None (Promo Single)
Avg Rating: 3.8 ( 11 votes )
Unsigned rhymesayer Hona Costello may not be able to offer a woman Louboutin heels and European vacations at this stage in his career, but he does possess all the key ingredients for one hell of a night. On promotional single All You Need, the Chicago Heights resident invites a lucky girl to join him in enjoying a "swisher full of weed, and a bottle of that Alizé." 808Mafia provide a fittingly mellow, guitar-laced instrumental backdrop for the emcee's confidently-flowed depiction of his ideal evening. Anxious to spend some more time with Hona Costello? Stay tuned; while this joint isn't part of any forthcoming project, we'll keep you posted on the artist's plans for 2013.
Written by richard on 01/21/13
Submit your Rating
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"High" (2012)
Total DJ Booth Features:
1 Songs
You Might Like...
Commentsblog comments powered by Disqus
- What Rappers Would You Pick for "New York vs. Everybody"?
- The Worlds Needs a Freddie Gibbs x BJ The Chicago Kid Album
- Tasha The Amazon - Can't Control Us
- Is Madonna Working on a Secret Rap Album?
- RyattFienix - Ryse of the Fienix
- Estonian Trap Rapper Tommy Cash is Going to Take Over the Internet
- Your Favorite Indie Rapper is Secretly Signed to a Major Label
- The DJBooth - Top Prospects EP (Vol. 2)
- All 72 of Drakes Billboard Top 100 Songs
- The Best Hip-Hop & R&B Songs of 2014 (Ongoing)
DJBooth TV
Discover the best new songs, videos, and albums added to the Booth.


text:
Body of kidnapped lorry driver foundIPOH: The police have found the decaying body of a kidnapped man in a river near the Sri Tana jetty at Teluk Panglima Garang in Selangor. Acting Perak police chief Deputy Comm A. Paramasivam said K. Jeevanthan, 37, a lorry driver, was believed to ... TheStar.com.my, 22 hours ago
60 images for tana
Modi's charisma pulls Tana Bhagats out of Cong fold
ister Narendra Modi is the new hero for the Tana Bhagats present in good numbers in Jharkhand. Considered as traditional supporters of the Congress, the tribe having actively participated in the freedom movement now feels that Modi is following the ...New Delhi Pioneer, 1 day ago
Leaders' strategy to form regional investment bank
COAST leaders have made resolutions to set up the Pwani Investment Bank. Kilifi, Kwale, Taita Taveta, Lamu, Tana River and Mombasa governors, Lamu, Mombasa and Tana River senators, 23 MPs and four MCAs attended the meeting at Swahili Beach Hotel, ...The Star (Kenya), 3 days ago
Migori County is hardest-hit by disease
By REBECCA OKWANY More by Migori is the county hardest-hit by disease as Lamu, Nakuru, Kilifi, Machakos, Tana River, Trans Nzoia and Makueni reportedly underspent health resources. Migori, fell in the category of worst on a scale in a map titled ...Daily Nation, 4 days ago
Nick Tana from Sumich talks about the purchase of Field Fresh from Webster
Nick Tana from Sumich says onion growers in Tasmania should be jubilant about the purchase of Field Fresh from Webster read full story Source: ABC Rural | Duration:ABC Online, 1 week ago Field Fresh Tasmania in hands of Sumich as of June 2015 Fresh Plaza, 1 week ago
Residents warn Kenya Forest Service over land
TANA RIVER Residents of Bura have protested a move by the Kenya Forest Service to gazette the area as a conservancy . On Saturday they told the Environment parliamentary committee that they were never consulted when KFS demarcated more than ...The Star (Kenya), 1 week ago Bura residents in Tana River County want all forest conservancies degazetted Daily Nation, 1 week ago Text messaging project helps ease religious tensions in Kenya's Tana Delta Christian Century, 2 weeks ago
Tana River poorest of them all - survey
AN average poor person in the poorest sublocation in Tana River will have to earn four times more than what they earn today to climb out of poverty, a socio-economic atlas has shown. The atlas shows that 46.1 per cent of the people in the county ...The Star (Kenya), 1 week ago Tana River plan to improve education The Star (Kenya), 3 weeks ago Deliver in hospitals, Dado to Tana River women The Star (Kenya), 1 month ago Mothers in Tana River county gain access to medical equipment worth 187 million shillings Daily Nation, 1 month ago
Sh2m dam to water Madogo
TANA RIVER Residents of Madogo division have a new sand dam. The Sh2 million water conservation project built by two NGOs will benefit more than 500 thousand households Speaking yesterday after officially opening the dam, Madogo chief Harun ...The Star (Kenya), 3 weeks ago Kenya: Sh2 Million Dam to Water Madogo AllAfrica.com, 3 weeks ago Water Conservation: Sand dam alleviates water problems in Tana River County Daily Nation, 4 weeks ago
Hudhud: TANA to donate $100,000
PRESS TRUST OF INDIA New York, 15 October The Telugu Association of North America (TANA), the largest Telugu organisation outside India, will contribute $ 100,000 for relief efforts for the victims of the cyclone Hudhud that has wrecked havoc ...The Statesman, 1 month ago US Telugus contribute $100,000 for cyclone Hudhud relief Prokerala, 1 month ago Telugu group announces $100,000 for cyclone relief efforts Zee News, 1 month ago Telugus in U.S. contribute $100,000 for cyclone Hudhud relief Silicon India, 1 month ago
More from: , First Post.com...and 4 other sources
One dead, 13 injured in Johannesburg taxi collision
A woman in her 30s was killed and 13 others injured this morning after a taxi collided with two other vehicles at the Tana and Barry Hertzog Road intersection in Johannesburg West. The taxi had apparently lost control before hitting the pavement ...Citizen.co.za, 2 weeks ago One dead, 13 injured in JHB accident Citizen.co.za, 2 weeks ago SAPA - ACCIDENT-GREENSIDE Namibia Press Agency, 2 weeks ago One dead, several injured in Randburg taxi crash ENCA, 2 weeks ago
Realtime News
on your WebpageAdd Widget >Get your members hooked!


text:
Republicans Miss the Point on 'Fiscal Cliff' Debate
President Obama is winning the messaging wars in the "fiscal cliff" debate largely because Republicans aren't even in the game.
The GOP leadership in Washington keeps talking as if the issue is deficit reduction, while the president is talking about fairness.
Consider the numbers. Sixty-one percent of voters want to see a deal reached to avoid the big Jan. 1 tax hikes and across-the-board spending cuts, and 68 percent want the deal to include a combination of both tax hikes and spending cuts. By a 2-to-1 margin, voters would like to see more spending cuts than tax hikes.
Instead, the president's proposal includes $4 of tax hikes for every dollar of spending cuts, and the spending cuts are nothing more than a promise to work something out next year.
If the issue was really deficit reduction, the president's proposal would leave the GOP in fine shape. But the president has the upper hand politically, and voters see him as more willing to negotiate in good faith.
To understand why, start with the fact that 57 percent of voters favor raising taxes on people who earn more than $250,000 a year. Republicans complain that this isn't enough to make a dent in the deficit. Voters understand that already: Just 19 percent of voters think it is possible to balance the federal budget primarily by raising taxes on upper-income Americans.
Add to that the fact that voters don't expect much substance to emerge from the fiscal cliff debate. If no deal is reached, taxes will go up on just about everyone, and there will be modest reductions in proposed spending growth. If a deal is reached, six out of 10 expect the deal to lead to higher middle-class taxes, and only one out of three think spending will go down. In other words, most people expect pretty much the same result whether or not a deal is reached.
In this environment, the president has proposed a policy that addresses a perceived level of unfairness in the nation's economic arrangements. Whether it's the best approach doesn't even matter because Republicans in Washington haven't even tried to address the fairness issue. They keep arguing about economic theories.
As a result, 52 percent of voters now prefer a candidate who promises to raise taxes on the wealthy, while just 34 percent favor a candidate who opposes all tax hikes.
This highlights a larger problem faced by the Republican establishment. While most voters see Democrats as the party of big government, Republicans spend more time: talking: about government. They complain that it's too big, imposes too many regulations and has unsustainable deficits.
Under Obama, Democrats talk less about government and more about how their policies will affect life in America. It's the end result that a pragmatic nation cares about, not the policies.
For Republicans to succeed, they need to recognize that most voters don't care about limited government. But voters care deeply about the type of society a limited government makes possible.
Applying that logic to the current debate over the fiscal cliff, Republicans in Washington need to recognize that few voters believe this is a serious debate about deficit reduction. The president has made it instead a debate about fairness, and they need to respond on that level.
Also see...
After his 20-year old son overdosed on drugs, Mike Stollings decided to post a photo of his body at the funeral home on Facebook out of grief and guilt. The...Read More
Scott Rasmussen
Related Articles
Post-9/11: Protect the Freedom To Warn
"If you see something, say something." That's what our homeland security apparatchiks incessantly preach. But 13 years after the 9/11
Green Markets
Last week I said the Environmental Protection Agency has become a monster that does more harm than good. But logical
Vote For The Hottest Woman On The Hill For 2012
Every year,: the Hill: puts out: The Hill's 50 Most Beautiful People. So, just for the fun of it, here are the 10