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Imperiled Promise: The State of History in NPS
The Organization of American Historians is pleased to announce the availability of "Imperiled Promise: The State of History in the National Park Service," a new report examining the practice and presentation of American history in the National Park Service and at its sites.
Imperiled Promise th e State of hiStory in the national park Service Organization of American Historians National Park Service at t h e I n v I tat Ion of t h e Complet ed by t he 2011 Imperiled Promise th e State o f hiSto ry in the national park Service p r e pA r e d b y t h e oA h h I S t o r y I n t h e n p S S t u d y t e A m Anne mitchell Whisnant, chair marla r. miller Gary b. nash david thelen organization of American historians national park Service 2011 completed by the At t h e I n v I tAt Ion of t h e Produced by the Organization of American Historians under a cooperative agreement with the National Park Service. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government or the National Park Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Organization of American Historians is not an agent or representative of the United States, the Department of the Interior, or the National Park Service. Organization of American Historians 112 North Bryan Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47408 http://www.oah.org/ table of contents Executive Summary Part 1: The Promise of History in the National Park Servicee About this Study A Stream of reports examining the current State of history within the npS making a case for history, historians, and historical thinking framing the challenges: A brief history of history in the npS Interpretation vs. history promises to Keep: toward an expansive, Integrated, and vital practice of npS history 5 11 12 13 15 16 19 24 25 Part 2: Lamps along the Path: What's Going Well with History in the National Park Service Gaining the high Ground: reinterpreting Slavery and the civil War 31 33 building effective civic ties, Seeing beyond "resources," and using technology to Support creative distance learning: manzanar national historic Site 35 negotiating civic engagement and civic heritage: African burial Ground national monument and the president's house, Independence national historical park Sharing Authority: the lewis and clark bicentennial traveling exhibit and the tent of many voices forging Interdisciplinary partnerships: cape cod national Seashore and the olmsted center for landscape preservation harnessing the power of local history: San Antonio missions national historical park and brown v. board of education national historic Site confronting a park's own history: Shenandoah national park mobilizing public conversations about history through new media: npS and Social networking building learning links: place-based Approaches to the American revolution in the K-12 classroom transporting visitors to the open-ended past: harpers ferry national historical park and Antietam national battlefield collaborating with historians in colleges and universities: fort vancouver national historic Site and the rhode Island School of design bridging the Gap between nature and culture: martin van buren national historic Site fostering, producing, and disseminating historical research engaging professional Associations: the oAh-npS partnership 36 37 38 40 41 42 43 44 46 47 48 50 Part 3: The Endangered and Fragmented State of History in the NPS: Findings and Recommendations FINdING 1: 53 54 58 63 67 76 80 83 86 97 100 106 114 the history/Interpretation divide FINdING 2: FINdING 3: the Importance of leadership for history the challenge of disconnection FINdING 4: FINdING 5: historical expertise and today's Workforce A history Workforce for the future FINdING 6: FINdING 7: Inadequate resources for historical practice productive and enduring partnerships for history FINdING 8: FINdING 9: technology and the practice of history Stewardship and Interpretation of Agency history FINdING 10: FINdING 11: the constraints of boundaries, enabling legislation, and founding histories fixed and fearful Interpretation FINdING 12: civic engagement, history, and Interpretation Conclusion: First Steps Forward and the OAH's Ongoing Role Bibliography Acknowledgments About the Authors 118 123 139 143 |5 executive Summary The State of History in the National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) takes care of and interprets some of the most powerful and instructive historic places in the nation. Millions of Americans each year cultivate a deeper appreciation of the nation's past through encounters with historic buildings, landscapes, and narratives preserved by the NPS and its constituent agencies and programs. At two-thirds of the nearly four hundred national park units, history is at the heart of the visitor experience, and human activity has profoundly shaped them all. History is central to the work of the Park Service. In 2008, the Organization of American Historians (OAH) agreed, at the behest of the NPS chief historian's office, to undertake a study of "the State of History in the National Park Service." Four historians--Anne Mitchell Whisnant (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Marla Miller (University of Massachusetts Amherst), Gary Nash (University of California, Los Angeles), and David Thelen (Indiana University)--were charged with carrying out this assessment. Although only about 182 NPS employees carry the job title of "historian" (0170 series), many more are engaged in the agency's vast history-related preservation, research, compliance, and interpretive work. Therefore, this study focuses both on what historians do within NPS, and the larger question of who does history in and for the Park Service. The centerpiece of our work was an electronic questionnaire sent to over 1,500 members of NPS's permanent staff who have some responsibility for history. We received 544 responses, generating more than 800 single-spaced pages of discursive replies. We also solicited perspectives and advice from numerous retired and current NPS historians and administrators, including key leaders at the regional and national levels. We consulted a set of external stakeholders-- historians generally based in colleges and universities who have worked closely with the agency. Team members visited dozens of parks and conducted seven large-group listening sessions at annual meetings of the OAH, National Council on Public History (NCPH), and National Association for Interpretation (NAI). Finally, we combed through OAH-sponsored site-visit reports, NPS administrative histories, and of other previous studies. These strategies yielded a broad view of the fortunes of NPS history practice in recent decades. We found that much is going well. Our study identified nearly 150 examples of historical projects and programs that NPS personnel regard as effective, inspiring models. We ourselves observed many instances of high-quality scholarship and creative interpretation. More than a dozen of these successes are profiled herein, as lamps lighting the path ahead. But we also found that the agency's ability to manage its sites "unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations"--let alone achieve its highest aspirations to become the nation's largest outdoor history classroom--has been imperiled by the agency's weak support for its history workforce, by agency structures that confine history in isolated silos, by longstanding funding deficiencies, by often narrow and static conceptions of history's scope, and by timid interpretation. As a consequence, one of our survey respondents wrote, history in the NPS is "sporadic, interrupted, superbly excellent in some instances and vacant in others."1 Our findings describe many specific aspects of the state of history practice today--an uneven landscape of inspiration and success amid policies and practices that sometimes inhibit high-quality work. 1 Respondent 10273. 6| Promises to Keep: Our Vision for an Expansive, Integrated, and Vital Practice of NPS History This report urges NPS to recommit to history as one of its core purposes and invest in building a top-flight program of historical research and interpretation that will foster consistently effective and integrated historic preservation and robust, place-based visitor engagement with history. The more central history can be to NPS's missions and activities, the more relevant and responsive NPS can be to the needs of American society in the twenty-first century. In the spirit of the 1963 Leopold Report as well as the landmark 1966 study With Heritage so Rich, and building upon invigorating new directions in the larger profession of history, we recommend at the outset a general philosophy for both agency and park history grounded in these key actions: � Expand interpretive frames beyond existing physical resources. � Emphasize connections of parks with the larger histories beyond their boundaries. � Highlight the effects of human activity on "natural" areas. � Acknowledge that history is dynamic and always unfinished. � Recognize the NPS's own role in shaping every park's history. � Attend to the roles of memory and memorialization at historic sites. � Highlight the open-endedness of the past. � Forthrightly address conflict and controversy both in and about the past. � Welcome contested and evolving understandings of American civic heritage. � Envision "doing history" as a means of skills development for civic participation. � Share authority with and take knowledge from the public. � Better connect with the rest of the history profession and embrace interdisciplinary collaboration. Findings and Recommendations Careful review of the history of history practice in the NPS reveals that many of the challenges history faces in the agency today result from several defining legacies of the way the history program has developed over time. These legacies include: � An underemphasis and underfunding of historical work as priorities shifted to natural resources, law enforcement, and other concerns; � An artificial separation of cultural resources management from interpretation; � An artificial separation of natural resources interpretation from cultural and historical interpretation; � An overemphasis on mandated compliance activities at the expense of other ways history can be practiced; and � A misperception of history as a tightly bounded, single and unchanging "accurate" story, with one true significance, rather than an ongoing discovery process in which narratives change over time as generations develop new questions and concerns, and multiple perspectives are explored. Findings 1, 2, and 3 describe how these legacies have too often left history without strong, consistent sources of leadership, fragmented history practice across the agency, divided what should be the closely linked arenas of history and interpretation, and increasingly isolated the practice of history in NPS from developments in scholarship, museums, and schools. These conditions have created administrative inefficiencies and dampened the agency's ability to both draw on and contribute to broader scholarly and public conversations. Findings 4, 5, and 6 address workforce development and funding challenges that have created a severe dearth of professional history expertise and capacity, both for now and the future. Meanwhile, findings 7 and 8 explore the current limitations and unexplored possibilities offered by targeted and thoughtful partnerships and creative uses of technology to enhance history practice and spread ideas and knowledge. In neither area is NPS presently mobilizing these strategies to best effect for history. Finding 9 describes the irony that, despite a palpable reverence for longstanding agency practices and traditions, NPS has been surprisingly slow to deeply engage its own history. Findings 10, 11, and 12, meanwhile, discuss specific ways in which historical interpretation is constrained by inflexible conceptualizations and approaches that do not take maximum advantage of emerging ideas and methods that are transforming history practice and historybased civic engagement elsewhere. This report makes or endorses nearly one hundred recommendations to improve history practice in the NPS. In some cases, we underscore recommendations made by the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA), the National Parks Second Century Commission, and National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA), whose thorough and impressive studies yielded many important observations and insights. In many cases, too, we have adopted and advanced recommendations our NPS informants first proposed. Among the key recommendations herein, we join NAPA, Second Century, and NPCA to advocate a concerted effort to invest in adequate staffing and restored funding for history (recommendations 1.1, 2.2, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1). We urge NPS to reopen lines of consistent connection between history and interpretation in every way possible. This might take the form of scoping cultural resources studies to include interpretive deliverables, and reconfiguring interpretive planning to incorporate the findings of historical resource studies (1.3). We propose formal and informal mechanisms to improve communication and reduce isolation both within and beyond the agency (3.2, 3.3, 3.5). We suggest that NPS revisit position qualifications (4.5) and essential competencies (1.4), study the agency's historical employment patterns for historians (4.1), distribute historians more widely across the agency (4.1, 4.6), and take other steps to ensure that additions to the staff are adequately trained for their work. We urge that existing staff be supported in pursuing necessary, ongoing professional development (4.2, 4.3, 4.4). We endorse recommendations made by the Second Century Commission to establish conduits for innovation (3.1), and to strive to cultivate an ever-more-diverse workforce (5.1, 5.2). We encourage efforts to maximize synergies with an array of external partners, from colleges and universities to local community groups (7.1, 7.2), and to harness the power of technology to facilitate interpretation and conversation, with visitors, peers and partners (8.1). We recommend ways to make NPS scholarship more widely available, to disseminate more broadly knowledge cultivated within the agency (8.2�8.5). We describe ways to engage the agency's unique history and to improve internal documentation (9.1, 9.3). With greater attention to the agency's own history, we envision ways for parks to adopt a more reflexive posture, interpreting their own pasts and engaging in more challenging and relevant interpretation with visitors (9.2, 10.1, 10.2). And we suggest several ways in which historical interpretation can be better connected with wider aims of civic engagement built upon incorporating multiple perspectives and listening more closely to visitors (11.1�11.3, 12.1). |7 8| We make two cross-cutting recommendations to bring together leadership empowered to implement the best and most useful of the suggestions offered here: a History Leadership Council (recommendation 1.2), comprising the agency's most talented and influential historians and interpreters; and a History Advisory Board (2.1), comprising the nation's leading public history professionals from beyond the agency--the most innovative curators, the most insightful scholars, the most savvy administrators. With these two bodies providing much-needed leadership, other needs (dissolving internal barriers and fostering interconnection, better engaging the agency's own history, and learning of and from some of the most exciting developments both within and beyond the agency) should fall more readily into place. We conclude by enjoining the OAH and the history profession more broadly to embrace and enlarge their efforts to support history in the NPS, through expansion of the partnership that produced this report and through other creative efforts to make common cause in the interest of rearticulating a reinvigorated public and civic role for national parksbased history for a new era. 10 | The National Park Service stewards and interprets historical resources of great power and importance, such as the Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. (Photograph by Ansel Adams, circa 1941, courtesy National Archives.) PART 1 | 11 the promise of history in the national park Service Glacier. Yosemite. The Great Smoky Mountains. The Grand Canyon. When Americans think of our national parks, these majestic natural landscapes spring quickly to mind. Indeed, the elements of the National Park Service's iconic logo--grazing buffalo, snow-capped mountain, towering pine and distant stream--all cue ideas about nature. But the agency's logo gathers these elements within the outlines of an arrowhead, an artifact of the nation's oldest cultures, and longest histories. If our National Park Service (NPS) was initially conceived as an effort to preserve the country's most scenic landscapes, that enterprise was and remains inextricably braided with the stewardship of the human stories that it also preserves and protects. Despite popular perceptions that NPS is first and foremost the steward of spectacular natural vistas, two-thirds of the system's nearly four hundred parks exist explicitly to protect and interpret cultural and historic resources.1 At these sites, history is at the heart of the visitor experience. As visitors gaze at the east room of Independence Hall, where Continental Congress delegates wrote and signed the Declaration of Independence, troop with rangers over the Gettysburg Battlefield, listen to the clattering water-driven looms at the Lowell textile mills, marvel at ancient cliff-dwellings at Canyon de Chelly, and as they contemplate the barren, high desert landscape at Manzanar, where ten thousand Japanese Americans spent most of the World War II years, visitors encounter the national story as they can nowhere else. At the same time, through an array of preservation programs (from the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) to the Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives program) NPS shapes the everyday landscapes--the main streets, downtowns, and village centers--in which millions of Americans carry out their daily lives. The NPS is nothing short of the conservator of our nation's origins and of its triumphs and struggles: the historic places the agency documents, preserves, and interprets instruct us on the course of American history and encourage lifelong learning. By holding many of the places where our American heritage has been forged, the National Park Service has great potential to make a substantial difference in public historical understanding, education, engagement, and civic discourse. In many places, it already does. On the ground, however, this great potential is too often hobbled by the agency's weak support for its history workforce, by agency structures that confine history in isolated silos (each with its separate leaders and lines of authority), by uneven and sometimes erratic funding priorities, by often narrow and static conceptions of history's scope, and by timid interpretation. When these problems manifest themselves, NPS falls short of its full potential to serve as keeper and interpreter of the nation's past. This report proposes a new vision for history in the NPS--one that is appropriate for the agency's unique possibilities and challenges. Our vision includes both guiding perspectives that should infuse all history practice in the national parks and suggestions for how to build the professional capacity that will foster the ability to apply these perspectives. Our goal is a stronger, more consistently supported, more professional, and better-integrated practice of history that is appropriate and relevant for our parks, the public, and our times. This new approach can lift history out of its often marginal state within the NPS and situate it more centrally to core activities of both individual parks and the national park system. So positioned, history can help the NPS better guard the precious resources in its care, and propel the agency toward greater relevance to American civic life. 1 National Parks Conservation Association, The State of America's National Parks, June 2011. http://www.npca.org/about-us/center-for-park-research/sanp/, 33 and Appendix A. 12 | About this Study This project was launched in spring 2008 and completed in 2011 under a cooperative agreement established in 1994 between the Organization of American Historians (OAH) and the NPS that has for fifteen years worked to enhance history work in NPS. The "State of History in the National Parks" project seeks to explore whether the present practice of history in the agency is sufficiently robust, current, and flexible enough to enable the NPS to fulfill its promise of creating an inspired, informed, and thinking citizenry. Undertaken at the behest of NPS Chief Historian Robert K. Sutton's office (located at the NPS Washington Support Office, often referred to internally as WASO), this report was coauthored by a team four university-based historians, chosen by the OAH: Marla R. Miller (University of Massachusetts Amherst); Gary B. Nash (University of California, Los Angeles); David Thelen (Indiana University); and Anne Mitchell Whisnant (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, chair). All have substantial experience working with the National Park Service and on other public history projects. Susan Ferentinos and Aidan J. Smith of the OAH provided project support and served as the liaisons between the team and the chief historian's office. This report has three parts and need not be read in a linear fashion. Part 1 introduces the study's goals and methods in the larger context of other related studies, discusses the benefits of professional history training, provides an overview of the history of history in NPS, and outlines our vision of key principles that should guide overall history practice in the NPS. Part 2 highlights model NPS projects, moments, partnerships, and practices-- lamps along the path that are already lighting the way ahead. Part 3 shares key findings-- observations about current conditions that inhibit the strong, creative historical work that NPS wishes to support--and offers associated, specific recommendations, many of which were proposed by our survey respondents and consultants. We intend the recommendations not as fixed prescriptions but as suggestions for promising approaches to solving the problems we identify and enacting the principles we articulate. Several online appendices provide additional background data and other resources. Our research engaged--via a service-wide electronic survey and many other avenues of conversation--hundreds of NPS historians and other professionals working with history at an individual level. As a result, our report is deeply informed by voices from the field. The centerpiece of our research, conducted together with the Indiana University Center for Survey Research, was an electronic questionnaire sent to over fifteen hundred members of NPS's permanent staff who have some responsibility for history, whether or not they call themselves "historians," based either on job title, job description, or training. Five hundred and forty-four people responded (many at great length) to this challenging survey, providing us more than eight hundred pages of discursive feedback. The respondents were a varied group, both in terms of educational background and in terms of primary duties and titles. Fortynine percent of them hold either a bachelor's or a graduate degree in history, but just over 50% have either no formal postsecondary education in history (9.8%) or only "some undergraduate courses" (40.4%). Professionals in the 0025 Ranger series and 0170 Historian series represented the largest plurality of respondents for whom we could determine job title.2 2 Additional information about the survey, including the questionnaire itself, is posted in the online appendices. It was not possible to determine what series 192 respondents (35% of total) were employed in or to determine the GS level for 177 respondents (33%). The largest plurality of respondents for whom we could determine job title are employed in the 0025 Ranger Series (35%), with the next largest group are 0170 historians (12%). Museum curators (1015 Series) made up 9% of the respondents, and we had a smattering of respondents from the 0090 Guide Series, 0193 Archaeology Series, 1421/1420 Archives Tech/Archivist Series. The respondents tended to be employed as GS levels 9, 11, 12, and 13 (these together comprised 59% of respondents) with the largest plurality being at the GS 11 level (21%). In addition to the survey, we solicited perspectives and advice from retired and current NPS historians, interpreters, and administrators. We visited dozens of parks (see Sources Consulted) and talked with key leaders at the regional and Washington office levels (including all members of the staff of the chief historian's office, Associate Director for Cultural Resources Stephanie Toothman, and Director Jonathan Jarvis). Furthermore, we made an effort to connect with the regional offices, querying current or past historians and other personnel from the Northeast, Southeast, Intermountain, and Pacific West regions. We also identified a set of external stakeholders--generally historians based in colleges and universities whose work on or with the agency had brought them into close contact with the NPS--and asked them to respond to a set of questions about their experiences and observations (see appendices). Team members also conducted seven large-group conversations at annual meetings of the OAH, National Council on Public History (NCPH), and National Association for Interpretation (NAI), events to which NPS employees and anyone else with a stake in the "state of history" in NPS could come and offer their thoughts. The interest and engagement demonstrated by all of our survey respondents and other informants and consultants testifies to the deep commitment NPS staff and many non-NPS historians have to history and to the NPS's public mission. We augmented our surveys of the field with extensive documentary research. We combed OAH-sponsored site-visit reports and administrative histories to extract information on successes and challenges, and scrutinized the reams of reports and studies that have preceded this one. Together, these strategies yielded a broad view of the fortunes of NPS history practice in recent decades, and particularly the last twenty-five years. | 13 A Stream of Reports The present report follows a long series of other reports on related matters, and echoes many findings of many undertaken at the close of the twentieth century and opening of the twenty-first on the state of the National Park Service. These more recent reports include those by the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA; Saving Our History: A Review of National Park Cultural Resource Programs, 2008), the National Parks Second Century Commission (Advancing the National Park Idea, 2009), and the National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA; The State of America's National Parks, 2011), each of which documents the increasingly dire state of cultural resources, including history resources, within the Park Service. The summer 2011 report Aligned for Success takes a somewhat parallel approach to ours and recommends improvements to the federal historic preservation program. 3 We have also integrated material from the recently released A Call to Action (2011), the agency's response to several of those previous reports. Some themes emphasized in these recent reports were, indeed, already evident in earlier ones. A decade ago, in a landmark report commissioned by the National Park System Advisory Board, historian John Hope Franklin and his colleagues encouraged NPS to make many of the changes we will recommend herein: to embrace the agency's educational mission and promise, to expand interpretive contexts well beyond particular parks, and to better integrate understandings of nature and culture. The Franklin report also urged more funding, better support for professional development, and improved scholarship.4 Back further still we find the 1994 report Humanities and the National Parks: Adapting to Change, prompted by Director Roger 3 Federal Historic Preservation Task Force (Andrew Potts and David Morgan, co-chairs), Aligned for Success: Recommendations to Increase the Effectiveness of the Federal Historic Preservation Program, Preservation Action Foundation, Summer 2011. John Hope Franklin and National Park Service Advisory Board, Rethinking the National Parks for the 21st Century: A Report of the National Park System Advisory Board, July 2001, http://www.nps.gov /policy/report.htm. 4 14 | G. Kennedy's desire to strengthen the service's history and archeology programs. Chaired by James O. Horton, the committee that produced that report suggested many ways to strengthen education, research, and scholarship in the parks, to encourage the professional development of its employees, and to help the service more effectively engage national audiences. 5 These many reports (and ours, too) are artifacts of NPS's desire to improve its ability to achieve its mission and of an ongoing interest in improving the practice of history. But the picture that emerges from these reports, individually and collectively, is distressing. The authors of Saving Our History found that "the evidence clearly indicates that cultural resources, including resources of national significance, are at risk throughout our National Park System."6 The Second Century Commission observed the damaging consequences to both conditions and morale after years of declining support. In a chapter titled "History Forgotten," the National Parks Conservation Association's report says that the "cultural resources in the National Park System...are in serious trouble" and that the nation's heritage is thus "imperiled."7 While the NAPA and NPCA reports together confirm a state of crisis now facing the agency, a longer view suggests a decades-long decline in the relative investment made in ensuring that history scholarship and interpretation remain sound and robust. Indeed, years before the deterioration now documented by the NAPA study commenced, historians were already feeling the pinch. Writing to Chief Historian Ed Bearss regarding an assessment of NPS history undertaken in 1988, Bob Krick, then Chief Historian at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania, called that assessment "a renewed reminder of the historical staffing crisis that has been growing like a noxious weed in the National Park System over the past decade." Describing the problem, Krick noted that "even when the consequent attitude toward history is not outright disdain, there is a dreadful tendency to view historic sites as somehow emasculated by the absence of geysers, waterfalls, granite grandeur, and genuine law enforcement challenges."8 Despite this near unanimity over a long period of time about the nature of several persistent problems, change has been slow to come. A decade ago, the Franklin report pictured the National Park Service "as a sleeping giant--beloved and respected, yes; but perhaps too cautious, too resistant to change, too reluctant to engage the challenges that must be addressed in the 21st century."9 Those words ring no less true today. As we entered the concluding weeks of our project, the NPS's A Call to Action appeared. Among other promised steps, NPS commits to preparing "a contemporary version of the 1963 Leopold Report that confronts modern challenges in natural and cultural resource 5 6 7 8 9 Humanities Review Committee of the National Park System Advisory Board. Humanities and the National Parks: Adapting to Change. 1994. This study is discussed in E. Shannon Barker, James O. Horton, and Dwight T. Pitcaithley, "Humanities and the National Park System." CRM: Cultural Resource Management 18, no. 2 (1995). http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/18-2/18-2-1.pdf. National Academy of Public Administration for the National Park Service, Frank Hodsoll, James Kunde, and Denis P. Galvin, Saving Our History: A Review of National Park Cultural Resource Programs (Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration, October 2008), http://www.napawash.org /pc_management_studies/NPS_Saving_Our_History_Oct2008.pdf, ix. NAPA, Saving Our History, 9; National Parks Second Century Commission, Advancing the National Park Idea. Cultural Resource and Historic Preservation Committee Report: A Different Past in a Different Future, [2010?], http://www.npca.org/commission/pdf/Committee_Cultural_Resources.PDF,.3; and NPCA, State of America's National Parks, 25, 27. "In fact," this latter report continues, "these places and collections are being maintained in a condition well below the level that the National Park Service itself has deemed appropriate. In 91% of the parks we surveyed, cultural resources were found to be in "fair" or "poor" condition (see Figure 2). None merited an `excellent' rating. And the weaknesses are widespread. The problems affecting cultural resources occur across park designations and across regional divisions" (25). Robert Krick to Edwin C. Bearss, August 2, 1998, included in packet of materials pertaining to the 1988 historians' survey, provided by Lu Ann Jones, National Park Service, WASO. John Hope Franklin and National Park Service Advisory Board, Rethinking the National Parks for the 21st Century: A Report of the National Park System Advisory Board, July 2001, http://www.nps.gov/policy/report.htm. management."10 Written to address wildlife management in the parks, the Leopold Report transformed thinking about nature in the parks and articulated an expansive vision for science research and scientists in the agency; it was so influential that NPS now hopes to revisit its success by appointing a team of twelve distinguished scholars to review and update it. Our report constitutes a no less urgent call to reinvigorate history in the NPS, to make the highest quality history research, scholarship, and interpretation central to the agency's management and even worldview. And as did the Leopold Report, we too offer key principles we hope will guide NPS history in the future. Beyond the Leopold Report, we also look for inspiration to another extraordinarily influential document from the same era, With Heritage So Rich (1966). That "powerful, eloquent manifesto" led directly to the creation of the National Register of Historic Places and the Advisory Council in Historic Preservation.11 Like our report, With Heritage So Rich emerged at a moment of perceived crisis, as a response to the "corrosion of neglect."12 The threat at that time was physical: a chipping away at the historic fabric of the nation that put heritage at risk. Today, there is a different, but hardly less palpable, sense of jeopardy as support for historical expertise itself has withered to a barely tenable state. Instead of addressing threats to historic buildings and cultural landscapes, we are concerned with the state of historical insight more generally. As that insight is increasingly relegated to the margins, misunderstood and undervalued, the threat we are concerned with--though perhaps less immediately tangible than that presented by a decaying building or an altered landscape--is no less worrisome or potentially corrosive. | 15 Examining the Current State of History within the NPS The focus of this present report is to examine what history looks like in the NPS context. We decided early on that we would focus both on what historians do within NPS, and the larger question of who does history in and for the service. We found that partly because of the agency's administrative structures, the state of history in the National Park Service is as diverse as the hundreds of individuals who practice it within the Washington offices, in the regional offices, and at nearly four hundred parks spread across the nation. From the familiar rangers in green and gray leading tours through Independence Hall, to behind-thescenes researchers documenting and protecting historic properties, to curators and archivists, history practitioners in the NPS today are dispersed and often only loosely connected. Only about 182 of the NPS's over 22,000 permanent, temporary, and seasonal employees carry the federal job title of "historian" (0170 series), and many of these are in positions that might not be recognizable as such.13 But many more people with history training or historyrelated responsibilities work in other classifications, including the crucial 025 "ranger" series that includes most staff for whom regular public contact is a key component of their work. For these reasons, although sponsored by the chief historian's office, this study is by no means a performance review only of that office or of the "history program" itself. Indeed, as currently organized within the NPS, the "Park History" program is just one of several cultural resources programs, together with archaeology, cultural landscapes, ethnography, historic structures, museum management (museum collections and archives), and 10 A. Starker Leopold, Stanley A. Cain, Clarence M. Cottam, Ira A. Gabrielson, and Thomas L. Kimball, Wildlife Management in the National Parks: The Leopold Report, March 4, 1963, http://www.nps.gov /history/history/online_books/leopold/leopold.htm. U.S. Conference of Mayors, Special Committee on Historic Preservation, With Heritage So Rich, ed. National Trust for Historic Preservation (New York: Random House, 1966). U.S. Conference of Mayors, With Heritage So Rich, preface. Figures online at Asbury Park Press, "Datauniverse" (http://www.app.com/section/DATA), show 183 0170-series historians employed by NPS in 2009. Figures obtained from NPS WASO personnel office in summer 2011 indicate 182 0170-series historians. Figures on total employees in this system come from National Park Service, "Frequently Asked Questions," 2011, http://www.nps.gov/faqs.htm. 11 12 13 16 | the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA).14 Unlike at other points in NPS history, neither the chief historian's office, nor any other single entity within the service, clearly speaks on history's behalf or has responsibility for overseeing all history work throughout the NPS. Indeed, that fact is one of the issues this report seeks to address. While many of the programs referenced above also work with park-based resources, several others, including the NRHP and National Historic Landmarks (NHL) programs, have expansive missions that range well beyond the parks and sites directly managed by the National Park Service. Although we sought and received input from people working in these "external" history programs, we did not systematically study and do not comment upon the effectiveness or reach of those programs beyond referencing some of the good ideas and high-quality work proceeding under them. We are fortunate that the new Aligned for Success report dovetails with ours in noting that some of the programmatic shortcomings of the national historic preservation program, like problems we point out with NPS history, derive partially from misalignments within NPS administrative structures. Our investigations reveal that while history practice is alive and vital in many corners of the agency, the NPS is not presently structured to realize the full potential of its objectives as they relate to history. As one of our survey respondents wrote, history in the NPS is "sporadic, interrupted, superbly excellent in some instances and vacant in others."15 Most of our respondents agree with another who said simply that history is "endangered."16 Our recommendations are thus directed to the chief historian's office and to the NPS director, regional directors, park superintendents, and individual practitioners, as well as to the history profession and the members of Congress who have the authority and responsibility to steward the important historical and cultural resources of the national parks. Making a Case for History, Historians, and Historical Thinking At the outset, it is crucial to understand that while the NPS faces particular challenges to fulfill its potential for engaging Americans and overseas visitors with history, many of the larger issues of how to make history, of historical thinking, and of historical training and expertise more intelligible and relevant are shared by other institutions where history is practiced: museums, colleges and universities, schools, and public programs. In these settings, historians and the profession of history have not made a convincing case for themselves in recent years, despite evidence that the public is and remains very passionate about engaging the past.17 Currently, history and the humanities are under siege and facing threats, including cuts to state and federal efforts that support key programs inside and outside of the NPS. 14 15 16 17 National Park Service Headquarters Organization chart, http://www.nps.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&PageID= 402384. Respondent 10273. The five-digit respondent numbers are unique identifiers assigned by the Center for Survey Research at Indiana University to each survey recipient. The numbers allowed tracking of potential participants (many of whom might have shared the same name) throughout the process of conducting the survey--including sending email reminders, authenticating responses, and managing data output. They also permitted the study team to receive the survey results free of any reference to respondents' personally identifying information. Respondent 11355. Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen, The Presence of the Past: Popular Uses of History in American Life (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998). The Park Service cannot shoulder all of the blame for larger problems that are beyond its capacity to solve alone. As one informant observes, "until the historical profession actively engages policy makers with the importance of sound scholarship, expecting a government agency (even one entrusted with the historic structures and landscapes of the American public) to adhere to professional historical standards in its [the agency's] conduct of work is unrealistic."18 While we will argue below that there is much the NPS can do to raise professional standards of history in the agency, we agree that the history profession must also examine itself and find ways to strengthen, support, engage, and partner with the agency most central in the presentation of its work to the American public. For far too long, academe's own culture and structure have prevented many talented scholars from engaging with history in the national parks--in effect reinforcing the insularity that NPS practices build from within, and preventing us from recognizing and nurturing our common purpose. Working together, the profession and the Park Service must face the future as full partners, rearticulating the public and civic role of history. To begin with, a clear case needs to be made for current understandings of what history is, the ethics and methods of its professional practice, and how encouraging wider dispersal of the kinds of skills and thinking that professional historical


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Sri Lanka Cricket announced the passing of former Test umpire Mr. Kandiah T Francis today. Umpire Kandiah Francis, who officiated in Sri Lanka's inaugural Test match against England at the P Sara Oval in February 1982, died on Sunday (June 9) in hospital after losing his battle against diabetes. Francis was 73 years old. Francis was a member of the ICC international panel of umpires and officiated in 25 Tests between 1982 and 1999, and 56 ODIs in that period which included two World Cups in 1996 and 1999. His remains will lie at AF Raymonds Funeral Parlour no.3 after 9.30 am tomorrow(11th June 2013) and the funeral will take place on Thursday 13th June 2013 at 4.30 pm at Borella Cemetery.
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Former tech CEO pedals into a new job
|| Print |
|Saturday, November 01, 2008
WHEN KYLE RANSON resigned from a faltering InFocus in 2007 after three years at the Wilsonville projector company's helm, it seemed only logical that the 20-year tech veteran would soldier on in the field he knew best.
"I took a look at the business plan and said, 'I think they're clearly onto something here,'" says Ranson, who was introduced to his now-business partner Ed Dalton by a mutual friend last year. "Since then, it's been tremendously exciting."
Originally founded in 1997 in California, Showers Pass now calls Portland home. The company, which has eight employees and a reported $1 million in annual revenues, specializes in high-performance cycling clothing, including jackets, wind vests and pants. The gear is currently available in Portland bike stores and through more than 200 active dealers nationwide.
October surpriseNews
Sunday, October 12, 2014
Cylvia Hayes, tabloid vs. watchdog journalism and the looming threat of a Cascadia earthquake.
Read more...
The short list: 5 hot coffee shops for entrepreneursContributed Blogs
Friday, November 14, 2014
Oregon entrepreneurs reveal their favorite caffeine hangouts.
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Measure 91: What Oregon Businesses Need to KnowContributed Blogs
Wednesday, October 15, 2014
Some common misconceptions employers have about marijuana.
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Kill the MeetingNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Meetings get a bad rap. A few local companies make them count.
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DowntimeNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Bob Dethlefs, CEO of Evanta, balances work and play.
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What I'm ReadingNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Peter Lizotte at ACME Business Solutions and Roger Busse at Pacific Continental Bank share their favorite reads.
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Shifting GroundNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Bans on genetically modified crops create uncertainty for farmers.
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|Price of already-built homes in Seattle area drops
|Apple hits record-high value
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Is your business ready to join us in the call for action? This opening panel includes Oregon businesses who will discuss why they signed the Oregon Climate Declaration, the investments they are making to reduce carbon emissions, and how their actions are affecting their companies.
Get ready for two days of special events produced with the EPA, Portland Timbers and ISOS before and after the GoGreen Conference on October 16.
Plenty of employers seem "dazed and confused" after the recent vote to legalize marijuana. In light of Measure 91 passing, what are some issues for private-sector Oregon employers to consider?
Rotary's Oregon Ethics in Business aims to raise consciousness about business ethics by honoring exceptional companies.
Barran Liebman's annual employment law seminar is an industry classic.
Is my drug-free workplace policy up in smoke?
More than 400 "Change Makers" will gather to invest in a socially sustainable community.
Sussman Shank LLP is pleased to announce that Dallas G. Thomsen and Victor J. Roehm have become partners of the firm.


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|Great investment/ownership opportunity in excellent Dupont loc. 2 Units, each on 2 levels, with 2 brs. Lower: Vacant, ready for owner to move in -Sparkling new restoration, open floor plan, 2 full baths, pvt patio. Upper: Tenanted 1 yr lease, in fine cond, open lr/dr w/ pass-thru kicthen, 1.5 bas, great deck. Huge price reduction.
Listing Broker: Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage
|ALL THE RIGHT ANGLES! Sharp, uniquely proportioned semi-detached Victorian--Light filled, lovingly restored. 2 Living areas, sep. dining, sleek Euro kitchen, 3 Brs, 3.5 bas, great basement w/ expansion potential, delightful garden. Former House Tour Star. Carefully restored, w/ plenty of upgrades. OPEN HOUSE 11/9, 2-4 pm
Listing Broker: Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage


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Classes can be any day of the week (even weekends) in the morning, afternoon or evening.
In certain circumstances, if your home or office is not suitable, you can take your classes at the trainer's office. All course materials are provided.
We will be happy to offer a free language consultancy before the start of your language training course. This normally takes the form of a telephone conversation in which your specific language training requirements are discussed. We talk about the business situations in which you might be required to use your new language skills, and what work-specific terminology you would like to be able to use in the target language. We can also advise on the best method of learning for you to achieve your goals, and then design a language training course which will enable you to achieve them.
First lesson was great!
Our one-on-one French courses in Milwaukee are perfect for giving your career a push in the right direction by giving you great French skills. The classes are based on your needs and will soon have you feeling confident with business introductions and whatever else you want to learn. At the end of the beginner course, learners will be comfortable communicating via telephone and email in French; in addition to gaining survival French - the ability to communicate effectively during short trips to French speaking countries.
Whatever reason you need to learn or improve your French skills, a one-on-one French course in Milwaukee with Language Trainers is the perfect solution. Once the basics are in the place you can decide what would be of most to you and learn it. This will make the learning experience more enjoyable as well as more useful. Everyone has different reasons for learning French but they all need the same level of quality teaching. Our One-on-One courses will take you to the next level and give you the confidence to progress from there.
Anyone who prefers to learn in the company of friends or work colleagues can also take French courses in Milwaukee with us. By choosing our Two-to-One or In-Company Small Group French classes in Milwaukee the students can still benefit from our professional, tailored approach to the lessons. All participants must have the same language needs, be able to study at the same time at the same place and be at the same level. All participants should be booked at the same time. Even when there are more than 8 people with a desire to learn French we can still help. Our In-Company Taster French course allows up to 12 people to sample the quality of our lessons.
Source: ted.com
When MIT cognitive scientist Deb Roy decided that he wanted to know how his infant son picked up language day-to-day as he developed, he went a little further than most. Rather than...
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#American #humor is notorious for its heavy employment of #sarcasm - #Japanese culture has no equivalent for sarcasm. http://t.co/nXjrFh9xzn


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Jenna Dewan & More Reveal Golden Globe Picks
Jenna Dewan & More Reveal Golden Globe Picks
by Celebrity 0 Reactions 0 Shares Print
Rachel Bilson, Olivia Wilde, and Jenna Dewan attend the InStyle pre-Golden Globe Awards luncheon, where the show's producer gives us an idea of what to expect! And later, Mark Wahlberg explains why he's not getting any sleep, and we take you behind the scenes at Jessica Biel's not so glamorous Vogue photo shoot!
Read More POPSUGAR News2010 Golden Globe AwardsJenna DewanOlivia WildeMark WahlbergVogueJessica BielRachel Bilson
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0.88 Carat Ruby Gemstone Ring in Sterling Silver
$18.00 Our Price
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With all due apologies to those of you who can call the ruby your birthstone, the rest of us want this ring too--regardless of what our "real" birthstone is! We can picture ourselves wearing it on pretty much any occasion. Over dinner with friends. On the beach with a handsome stranger. On our white steed at the jousting tournament... (It does have a bit of a Renaissance chic to it.) In short, don't think it's just those July babies that are going to grab this ring. If you want to "put a ring on it" with this beauty, you should order now. Want to know more? • Crafted in rhodium-plated sterling silver • Gold-plated sterling silver accent • 7mm x 5mm oval-cut red ruby; 0.88 carat • Band features an eye-catching twisted rope design • Available in size 7 only (easily resizable) • GUARANTEED LOWEST Shipped Price on the Internet! • Jewelers Club Guarantee • Manufacturer's USA warranty • 100% original, authentic, genuine, and branded • Exclusive price for nomorerack • Highly recommended with a 5-star rating • Please allow up to 7 business days for item to ship
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supply chain manager jobs near Chicago, IL
Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences Supply Chain Manager
Multinational Professional Services Firm- Chicago, IL
Senior Manager in a manufacturing or supply chain function within the life sciences ... Manager at a consulting firm in a supply chain function with prior roles within the...20 days ago from IvyExec
Senior Supply Chain Planner
Stone Alliance Group- Chicago, IL
The position reports to the Supply Chain Manager. Responsibilities include: ... Manage inventory levels throughout the Supply Chain, consistent with targets.4 days ago from ZipRecruiter
Supply Chain Planning Manager
Leading Private Professional Services Firm- Chicago, IL
Responsibilities Supply Chain Planning Managers lead and deliver large, complex client ... supply planning, inventory planning, supply chain flexibility and/or supply chain...17 days ago from IvyExec
Senior Business Analyst - Supply Chain
Swoon Technology Resources- Oak Brook, IL
* Looking specifically for Supply Chain experience IT Restaurant Supply Chain ... chain integration team working focused on supply chain planning, inventory management...5 days ago from ZipRecruiter
McKesson- Chicago, IL
in pharmaceutical distribution and supply chain management, McKesson Pharmaceutical ... managerial experience Critical Skills People Manager (performance reviews, disciplinary...15 days ago from ZipRecruiter
Director - Supply Chain - Fleet Management
Leading Drug Retail Chain- Deerfield, IL
and at least 10 years of experience in a supply chain or business role OR a Bachelors ... of experience internally at Walgreens in a supply chain or business role. At least 5...30+ days ago from IvyExec
Director of Supply Chain and Logistics
Fep Executive Search- Chicago, IL
5) Direct and analyze all elements of the supply chain and make recommendations 6) ... people have recent experience in supply chain and logistics management If you imagine...21 days ago from ZipRecruiter
Supply Chain Planner
Mat Holdings- Long Grove, IL
directly with customer regarding supply chain initiatives and prioritize production ... QUALIFICATIONS Education/Experience: Bachelors degree 1-3 years experience in Supply Chain...7 days ago from ZipRecruiter
Senior Director Vaccine Supply Chain & Planning Vaccine Business Division
Major Pharmaceutical Company- Deerfield, IL
vaccine commercial teams, vaccine supply chain teams,warehouse and distribution ... breadth supply chain. Experience in a supply chain relateddiscipline, logistics, supply...11 days ago from IvyExec
Management Consulting Manager Technology Supply Chain
Multinational Professional Services Firm- Chicago, IL
functions from product development through supply chain, manufacturing, and product ... Product Innovation and Development, Supply and Demand Planning, Supply Chain...20 days ago from IvyExec
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Added Nov 8, 2009
by cabinbaby
Anchorage, Alask...
This is a hooded knit dress from the October Burda magazine. I only modified it by grading it down to a 34 and adding snaps to the front opening. I am marking this as an intermediate pattern only for the front opening with the facing/underlap area. It took me quite a few readings before I understood the process. I put detailed photos on my blog: www.twoontwooff.blogspot.com.
This is made out of a double-sided wool/polyester material. The gray striped side is the wool side and the darker brown side is the polyester side. It's like wearing a cozy blanket.
Nov 15, 2009, 11.49 PMby lottatroublemaker
Oooooh, I just love this!!! I would really have loved finding that fabric, to make a hoodie jacket out of! Could you please tell me where you found it and what it is called??? Maybe I could find it somewhere online… Thanks for sharing! :)
Jan 28, 2010, 11.39 PMby cabinbaby
It's from Patagonia. I bought a bolt of it from a wholesaler. Sorry!
Nov 10, 2009, 03.04 AMby sewneenee
great dress like your styling too!
Nov 8, 2009, 05.31 PMby harmony758
This looks great! I made this dress, too, but couldn't figure out the underlap at all. I just left it open as a V. Great job!
Add to Favorites 1 person added it
As an early special Black Friday promotion you can now enroll in the course ($80 value) for $49.99!
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Thomasville Plantation Trace
Set apart from many tourist destinations because of its award-winning downtown and preserved historical fabric, Thomasville is truly worth the trip. Stroll the brick-paved streets or visit one of the many museums, and you will find that the history of Thomasville is still very much alive.
Residents remain proud of the community's heritage and preserve the old-world feel, while continuing to progress and achieve big-city ideals. Plantations, museums and historic homes are located throughout Thomasville and offer glimpses into the grand Victorian Era, during which Thomasville was known as the "Winter Resort of the South." Whether here for a day trip or spending a relaxing weekend, we're sure you'll find that Historic Thomasville is always worth the trip.
Visitor Information Center
144 East Jackson St.
Thomasville, GA 31792
Phone: 229-228-7977
Official Visitor Information
Free Georgia Travel Guide
The state's official Travel Guide is your complete resource to planning a vacation in Georgia. Find trip ideas, attractions, events, activities, accommodations, maps, travel resources and much more.
Website: http://www.exploregeorgia.org
Phone: 1-800-VISIT GA (847-4842)
Thomasville Travel Guides
2014 Thomasville Visitors Guide
Whether you're here for a day trip or spending a relaxing weekend, we welcome you to the City of Roses and look forward to sharing the enchantment of our community with you!
Website: http://www.thomasvillega.com
Phone: 229-228-7977
Pebble Hill Plantation
Discover a Place of Quiet Beauty. . .Experience Pebble Hill Plantation.
Website: http://www.pebblehill.com
Phone: 229-226-2344
Taste of Thomasville Food Tour
Join us for a culinary and cultural tour of Historical Thomasville. As you walk along the bricks streets, you will sample some of the great tastings from family owned restaurants and shops while learning the history, culture and architecture that makes Thomasville unique.
Website: http://www.TasteOfThomasvilleFoodTour.com
Phone: 229-227-7585
Thomasville Genealogical, History and Fine Arts Library135 N. Broad St.View on Map
229-226-9640The Thomasville Genealogical, History and Fine Arts Library was founded in 1988 and has become a major repository of materials for family research with an emphasis on... Find Out More
All Saints Episcopal Church443 Hansell St.View on Map
229-228-9242One of the most beautiful historic churches in the region, All Saints was built in 1881 as Saint Augustine Roman Catholic Church. It also has the distinction as the... Find Out More
Lapham-Patterson House Museum626 N. Dawson St.View on Map
229-226-7664The Thomas County Historical Society operates the Lapham-Patterson House, a monument to the imagination, creative engineering and craftsmanship of the Victorian Era... Find Out More
Historic Thomasville Walking-Driving Tour144 E. Jackson St.View on Map
229-228-7977View more than 70 homes and buildings from the Victorian Era on the self-guided, walking-driving tour of Historic Thomasville. This tour will take you through three... Find Out More
1884 Paxton House Inn445 Remington Ave.View on Map
229-226-5197Relax in a magnificently restored Victorian mansion, carriage house, pool house, or garden cottage located in Thomasville's premier Historic District. Experience classic... Find Out More
Freedom Oaks Bed and Breakfast429 N. Crawford St.View on Map
229-227-1749Experience the charm and romance of a bygone era in a beautifully restored Queen Ann Victorian embraced by centuries-old Live Oaks. Southern hospitality is coupled with... Find Out More
Days Inn - Thomasville15375 US Hwy 19View on Map
229-226-6025Experience warm Southern hospitality at our Days Inn Thomasville hotel, near Country Oaks Golf Course. Located in the red hills of southwest Georgia, Thomasville is... Find Out More
Hampton Inn of Thomasville1950 GA Hwy 122View on Map
229-227-0040The Hampton Inn is conveniently located just 1 mile from the Thomasville Rose Garden and 2 miles from the Historical Downtown Shopping District, which has many great... Find Out More
94th Annual Standard Flower ShowApr 24, 2015 - Apr 25, 20151102 Old Monticello Rd.View on Map
229-226-5291The Thomasville Garden Clubs invite everyone to the 94th Annual Standard Flower Show on Friday, April 25, 2015 and Saturday, April 26, 2015. Enjoy lunch and spring fashions... Find Out More
Small Business Saturday in Downtown Thomasville!Nov 29, 2014 - Nov 29, 2014Downtown Commercial DistrictView on Map
229-227-7020Founded by American Express® in 2010, Small Business Saturday is a day to celebrate the local businesses that make our town great. The Main Street Office has planned... Find Out More
Thomasville Camellia ShowFeb 14, 2015 - Feb 14, 20151002 S. Broad St.View on Map
229-226-5291The Thomasville Garden Club invites you to join the celebration of the beautiful Camellia. This popular flower thrives in the rich soil and climate of the Thomasville... Find Out More
Victorian Christmas in ThomasvilleDec 11, 2014 - Dec 12, 2014Jackson St. & Broad St.View on Map
229-228-7977Let a "Great American Main Street City" invite you to make your Christmas season truly memorable this year. For two evenings every December, Thomasville rolls back time... Find Out More
Pizza Hut2116 E Pinetree BlvdView on Map
Henderson's415 Smith AveView on Map
Papa John's1210 E Jackson StView on Map
Plaza Restaurant217 S Broad StView on Map
The dining information on this page is supplied by the Georgia Restaurant Association.
Free 2000 reward points with night's staystay Sun-Thurs earn 2000 bonus pointsDays Inn - Thomasville15375 US Hwy 19View on Map
Stay 1 night or more SUn-Thurs and earn an additional 2000 Wyndham reward points. > Find Out More
10% off standard ratesStay 1 night save 10%Days Inn - Thomasville15375 US Hwy 19View on Map
Stay 1 night save 10% > Find Out More
Packages starting at $89 per 2 peopleHistoric Thomasville Getaway PackageDowntown Thomasville Historic District & Visitors Center144 E. Jackson St.View on Map
Enjoy the beauty and history of Thomasville with this easy overnight stay for two! Thomasville Getaway Package Includes: A one night stay for two at one of our participating hotels (most with complimentary breakfast) Two tickets to tour beautiful Pebble Hill Plantation that includes a guided tour of... > Find Out More
Free 1000 reward points with night's stayEarn 1000 points on a weekend stayDays Inn - Thomasville15375 US Hwy 19View on Map
Stay 1 night on a Friday and Saturday and earn an additional 1000 reward points > Find Out More


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Risk Assessment Jobs in the North West
Jobs 1 to 5 of 5
IT Security Manager
Chester -
Hays IT - Uk Posting account
The main purpose of this role is to bring the companies information security risks under clear management control through the Information Security Management System. You will be responsible for: The representation of all IT Information Security matters Both internal & external audits Risk assessment Audit and reporting duties Development of policies,...
Salary: £40000.00 - £45000.00 per annum + BenefitsPosted: 17 days ago
Information Security and Compliance Manager (IT Security, Project Management)
Manchester -
Responsible for managing the ISMS Forum. - Responsible for definition, delivery and management of Outsourcery Business Continuity Management System to ISO 22301... Essential skills and qualifications required for Information Security and Compliance Manager (IT Security, Project Management) at Outsourcery: - Educated to degree level or equivalent. - Recognised Project Management qualification (e.g...
Salary: £40,000 - £50,000 per year plus Bonus, Pension and BenefitsPosted: 23 days ago
Entry Level Scientist
Manchester, Lancashire -
Advantage Resourcing
This position will be for an initial 12 months contract with a review for extension beyond this at the pay rate between £10.00- £15.00 per hour (LTD/Umbrella). For this position we are seeking candidates from Chemistry, Biology, Industrial Hygiene or other related Degree for a position and...
Posted: 7 days ago
Resource & Planning Manager
Greater Manchester -
Hays IT - Uk Posting account
My blue chip client is looking for a strong Resource and Planning Manager to work cross functionally on a 3yr £400m Transformation programme. This is an exciting and challenging portfolio of work which will be a fast paced and "run and change" type environment. You will develop and report against...
Salary: £60000.00 - £70000.00 per annumPosted: 20 days ago
Mechanical Engineer (HID) Nationwide
Liverpool -
Huxley Banking & Financial Services
Have you got experience of carrying out inspections of Major Hazard Installations with respect to mechanical engineering and investigating accidents and incidents?? Are charted or working towards charted status?? If so take some time to read this advert!! I am currently looking for a Mechanical Engineer across various locations in...
Salary: £50000 - £53500 per annum + BenifitsPosted: 2 days ago


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Nov 9, 2009, 11.07 AMby anajan
I have been following your blog for more than a year, and we've been sewing-mates on "Go Chanel or go home" sew-along. Even though we have never communicated directly, I have a feeling we know each other (hmm, at least – I know you :)). Anyway, it is really nice seeing you at BurdaStyle! Ana
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Spring at The University of Montevallo, Montevallo, Alabama
Mar 26, 2012
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GSA delivers a winner in "Guys and Dolls"
Nov 18, 2014 • The Ellsworth AmericanOn a chilly Saturday night, the greater Blue Hill community filled the seats at The Grand to show their support and appreciation with cheers and applause throughout and a well-earned standing ovation at the end. It was clear that director Moira McMahon ... More
Maine's top individual high school runners to join championship teams at New ...
Nov 6, 2014 • Bangor Daily News... Osman Doorow of Lewiston, Paul Casavant and Caleb Lord of Hampden Academy, Harrison Knowlton of Leavitt of Turner, John Hassett of George Stevens Academy of Blue Hill, Chris Cote of Waterville and Owen Concaugh of Messalonskee of Oakland. More
BHMH sponsors student-initiated health fair
Nov 13, 2014 • The Weekly PacketEight providers from BHMH presented: Kathy Ober, MD; Suzanne Norgang, CNM; Tiana Larsen, CNM; Mike Murnik, MD; Stacey Walden, DO; Gordana Hassett, LCSW; Martha Cole, MS, RDN, LD; Catherine Princell, MSRN, along with private practitioner ... More
Fort Kent upsets Orono girls soccer in overtime on Nadeau goal
Oct 31, 2014 • Bangor Daily NewsFort Kent improved to 9-4-3 and will take on the winner of Houlton-George Stevens Academy of Blue Hill in Wednesday's EM title game. Orono had beaten Fort Kent 2-1 in double ... "The ball went right through [to me]. They have worked for us in other ... More
Speedy Shiretowners shut out GSA in Eastern Class C girls soccer semifinal
Oct 31, 2014 • Bangor Daily NewsHOULTON, Maine — Showcasing speed on both sides of the field, the top-ranked Houlton girls soccer team posted a convincing 2-0 shutout over No. 5 George Stevens Academy Friday evening in Eastern Class C semifinal soccer. Houlton (14-0-2) advances to ... More
Different strategies fuel successful efforts for boys cross country champions
Nov 1, 2014 • Bangor Daily NewsBELFAST, Maine — There likely are as many strategies to win a cross country race as there are winners, or at least that math added up Saturday among the three seniors who emerged with individual state championships. For Fort Kent's Matthew Toussaint ... More
Caribou boys, MDI girls tops in Eastern B cross country; Orono sweeps Class C ...
Oct 25, 2014 • Bangor Daily NewsThe Red Riots totaled 21 points in besting runner-up George Stevens Academy of Blue Hill (51), while Washburn (97) and Mattanawcook Academy of Lincoln (106) also advanced to the state meet. Steelman, who took control from runner-up Tia Tardy of ... More
Toussaint wins Boys Class C Cross-Country State Championship
Nov 3, 2014 • St. John Valley TimesJOHN VALLEY, Maine - Matthew Toussaint of Fort Kent held off George Stevens Academy of Blue Hill sophomore John Hassett to win the individual Boys Maine State Class C Cross-Country State Championship on Saturday, Nov. 1, completing the 3.1-mile ... More
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Due to inclement weather, the Chili Cook-Off has been postponed.
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Faith is an important component of our Catholic education.
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Education Professor Speaks on Learning Differences11/26/2014
The University of St. Thomas's Dr. Randy Soffer, assistant professor at the Schoo...
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Home » Music & Audio » Baby Rattle
Baby Rattle - FREE
by u440, Version: 1.3 , 399 KB Official Site
Package name: com.u440.rattle , Last Update: 2013-01-27 07:27:28
51 ratings (3.804 average)
10,000-50,000 downloads
What's new in this version (1.3):
Much Better synchronization
Baby Rattle: shake it ! Touch it !
Click on menu key > preferences for:
*Select between: rattle, maraca, bells or keys.
*Diferent screen colors
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Sverige Radio by Tunin.FM The Tunin.FM Sverige Radio application allows you to listen to swedish radio stations while travelling. You no ...
Classic Diet Have a good diet, diet, said he'd listen to classical music


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ROM Manager (Premium) by ClockworkMod ROOT USERS ONLY! IF YOU ARE HAVING LICENSE ISSUES, MAKE SURE YOU HAVE THE LATEST VERSION OF FREE (4.0+) AND THE LATEST … 500,000+ downloads, Rating 4.48 (32611) $13.79
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Santa Coloring Book New by Super Lion Dark Free printable christmas coloring pages. Color Christmas pictures of Santa, reindeer, trees and more.Christmas coloring … 5+ downloads, Rating 0.00 (0) $0.83
Top Pop Singers Videos Pro by MIVO Top Pop Singers Videos Pro is a Ultimate Application having all the Top pop singers official and live performance videos … 5+ downloads, Rating 4.00 (1) Free
Plakatt by Rendered Text Plakatt is client app for www.plakatt.com, a way to publish and discover events. … 50+ downloads, Rating 0.00 (0) Free
DIY Necklace 3 by SM Tech DIY (Do it yourself) is building, modifying, or repairing something without the aid of experts or professionals. This ap … 1,000+ downloads, Rating 3.00 (8) Free
Tính Lương by redmanit *** This app is for Vietnamese only *** Ứng dụng tiện ích giúp bạn có thể tính lương gross (lương gộp) từ lương net (lư … 5,000+ downloads, Rating 4.37 (49) Free
HARPCS by Jason Brisbane HarpCS For Android This application allows you to view your HARP Character Sheet that you can create using the HARPCS w … 500+ downloads, Rating 4.20 (5) $1.09
Cisco CCNA 200-120 by mhazzm This app is very good resources to prepare yourself for the real exam. It is the best app you can have in android market … 500+ downloads, Rating 4.50 (22) Free
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Oregon ranks 10th for 'profiting from sin'
|| Print |
|Must Reads
|Tuesday, August 20, 2013
Oregon ranks 10th among U.S. states for revenue from drinking, smoking and gambling.
Read more at The La Grande Observer.
What I'm ReadingNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Peter Lizotte at ACME Business Solutions and Roger Busse at Pacific Continental Bank share their favorite reads.
Read more...
Woman of SteelNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Tamara Lundgren tackles the challenges—without getting trampled.
Read more...
Kill the MeetingNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Meetings get a bad rap. A few local companies make them count.
Read more...
Shifting GroundNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Bans on genetically modified crops create uncertainty for farmers.
Read more...
Healthcare pullbackNews
Thursday, November 20, 2014
Each month for Oregon Business, we assess factors that are shaping current capital market activity—and what they mean to investors. Here we take a look at two major developments regarding possible rollbacks of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
Read more...
Election SeasonNovember/December 2014
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
We didn't intend this issue to have an election season theme. But politics has a way of seeping into the cracks and fissures.
Read more...
Two Sides of the CoinContributed Blogs
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Historically, when the leaves fall, so do the markets. This year, earnings, Europe, energy and Ebola have in common? Beyond alliteration, they are four factors that the investors are pointing to for this year's seasonal volatility.
Read more...
|A Complex Portrait: Immigration, Jobs and the Economy
|Revenge Forestry
|Woman of Steel
|The Bookseller
|Kill the Meeting
|Political Clout
Is your business ready to join us in the call for action? This opening panel includes Oregon businesses who will discuss why they signed the Oregon Climate Declaration, the investments they are making to reduce carbon emissions, and how their actions are affecting their companies.
Get ready for two days of special events produced with the EPA, Portland Timbers and ISOS before and after the GoGreen Conference on October 16.
Plenty of employers seem "dazed and confused" after the recent vote to legalize marijuana. In light of Measure 91 passing, what are some issues for private-sector Oregon employers to consider?
Rotary's Oregon Ethics in Business aims to raise consciousness about business ethics by honoring exceptional companies.
Barran Liebman's annual employment law seminar is an industry classic.
Is my drug-free workplace policy up in smoke?
More than 400 "Change Makers" will gather to invest in a socially sustainable community.
Sussman Shank LLP is pleased to announce that Dallas G. Thomsen and Victor J. Roehm have become partners of the firm.


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Pinball Heroes adds Fat Princess, Wipeout, ModNation and Motorstorm tables
All four tables will be bundled together for $9.99, and can be played with or without the original game. PSP Go owners have even more reason to check out Pinball Heroes -- it's one of the few games that can actually be played in closed system mode!
Breaking News
Dying Light cancelled on Xbox 360, PS3
Featured Stories
Get a closer look at final retail Amiibos
Posted on Nov 22nd 2014 9:00AM
Barely Related: Star-Lord's dance-off, comet sounds
Posted on Nov 21st 2014 8:30PM
Games we love and hate
Posted on Nov 21st 2014 3:00PM


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Albany Man Drives Car Into Hudson River
Rivers are but just the road ways of the nautical world, right? So had he been in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang this would have been completely acceptable.
Rivers are but just the road ways of the nautical world, right? So had he been in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang this would have been completely acceptable.
It's local, I'm told it's viral, so we've got to post it.
You may have heard of squatters, people who unlawfully occupy an uninhabited building or unused land.
Well, somehow a squatter in Detroit not only took over someone's home, but they also somehow got its owner sent to jail. So, a Detroit reporter, WJKB-TV Fox 2's Charlie LeDuff, decided to step in and help the homeowner out.
Jared Fogle made Subway famous after he lost a bunch of weight by eating exclusively at their restaurants. Zachary Torrance had the same idea, except replace the word "eating" with "robbing."
Randy Liedtke, a Los Angeles comedian, decided it would be funny to pull a prank on the police because nothing is more hilarious than wasting cops' time!
Unfortunately, we hear about cops abusing their power far too often.
This case is no different, but it is also completely different at the same time.
These two win the award for dumbest criminals of the year. And judging by their mug shots, we're not that surprised by it either.
A California Highway Patrol officer in Dublin, Calif., is in trouble for a bit of an invasion of privacy after booking a woman on DUI charges.
A guy who was working the graveyard shift at a Baltimore area 7-Eleven called into a late-night sports talk radio show to apparently rap about the Baltimore Orioles.
Midway through his sweet jam, the clerk named Will abruptly stopped and hung up the phone.
Why? Because he was being robbed!
Shia LaBeouf, of "Transformers" fame, has had a rough year or so.
He's been called out for plagiarism, he did some weird artsy thing in Los Angeles and then he was arrested back in July in New York for being drunk and disorderly at a cabaret show.
But it looks like he's trying to fix it all now.
No one wants to get pulled over. I'm sure I'm not the only one that's had the flashing lights behind me and thought what every action movie ever has tried to teach me. Gun it, you'll make it.
A transit cop in Boston is in danger of losing his job after it was revealed he runs an extremely offensive Facebook page mocking people of race, religion, sexual orientation, social status and more, WCVB-TV reported.


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Naked Dan The Handyman, submitted by Oona. I was pretty sure this site was fake at first, but amazingly the guy put an ad in his local paper for his naked services and everything. For the low price of several hundred dollars an hour, you can hire Naked Dan to do handywork, be your butler, or perform "nude notary" which is the next logical step. I know that a plumber's asscrack poking out of his pants has been a long-running gag, but I was under the impression that it was something you didn't want to see more of.
I'm not sure if he'll suck in his gut like that the entire time, you'll have to call in advance to find out. Either way, does anyone really want this man painting their house, possibly brushing his midsection against their window and leaving a greasy smudge that will be hard to explain at the next Tupperware party? Compounding all this is the cheesy "blazing fire" animation applied to the title of his site, which doesn't exactly inspire confidence in his ability to properly wire electronics and use nonflammable paints and safe construction materials.
You Will Read This Headline. Then You'll Laugh. Then You'll Realize You Were Wrong All Along.
'We're going to be in trouble!' Little Sister wailed, clutching her favorite book to her chest and sobbing. 'This isn't fun like a story anymore!' But Big Sister was not listening, she was thinking. She grabbed Little Sister's book from her and ran into town, yelling 'Help! A book made me and my sister hurt someone!'
Val Kilmer lures 6 morons into the ultimate death schvitz to prove global warming is real.
The Goons have already started their preparations, because that pitch isn't going to carpet itself!
When it comes to gaming laptops, you can never have too many LEDs or too much bad taste.
Awful Links of the Day spotlights the worst and weirdest websites on the internet. And we're not talking "weird" in a good way either.
Copyright ©2014 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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CHICAGO – The awesomeness of history loses any of its stuffiness with the incredibly fun, indeed educational show "Drunk History" from Comedy Central, its two seasons now released on DVD. Hosted by its creator Derek Waters, the show is a celebration of various historic figures and their under-appreciated true tales, as expressed by funny people narrating in the universal language of inebriation; their recounts are then reenacted by famous actors working with their given dialogue, dressed with the comic cheapness of a bloated biopic.
Carter Burwell
Film Review: Jeff Bridges, Matt Damon Ride the Lonely Plain of 'True Grit'Submitted by BrianTT on December 22, 2010 - 4:16pm
CHICAGO – "True Grit" seems like the perfect project for Joel and Ethan Coen; something they had been working toward their entire career. Not only had they made what could be considered a modern Western already in "No Country Old Men" but they were to bring together The Dude (Jeff Bridges) and Llewelyn Moss (Josh Brolin) under the magnificent lens of the great Roger Deakins. It nearly had to be a masterpiece.
Blu-Ray Review: Joel Coen, Ethan Coen Direct Excellent 'A Serious Man'Submitted by BrianTT on February 11, 2010 - 12:40pm
CHICAGO – One of the byproducts of expanding the Best Picture nominees has been that half of the most notable films of the year in the eyes of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences are now available on Blu-ray and DVD including "District 9," "The Hurt Locker," "Up," "Inglourious Basterds," and now "A Serious Man".


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Cream vocalist and bassist Jack Bruce dies at 71
Jack Bruce was part Mississippi Delta and part Carnaby Street.
Marine death is 1st in campaign against IS
The Pentagon has announced the first death of a U.S. military member involved in the campaign against the Islamic State group in Iraq and Sy…
Dominican agents detain woman with $70K in stomach
Officials say they have arrested a woman who was carrying more than $70,000 in her stomach and $69,000 hidden inside her suitcase.
Gunman in Canada attack complained about mosque
The gunman who shot and killed a soldier in plain daylight then stormed Canada's Parliament once complained that a Vancouver mosque he atten…
US general: NKorea may have nuke missile knowhow
North Korea may be capable of fielding a nuclear-armed missile that could reach U.S. soil.
Canadian gunman was planning to travel to Syria
Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper vows to remain vigilant following deadly attack on Parliament.
Ottawa Terror: Single Gunman
Canadian officials say a single gunman carried out Wednesday's deadly attack on Parliament.
Terror in Canada
Two dead, three injured following gunman's attack on Canadian Parliament.
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There are new rules for anyone traveling to the U.S. from Ebola stricken nations.
Canada's PM says shooting rampage was terrorism
A gunman killed a soldier standing guard at Canada's war memorial Wednesday, then stormed Parliament in an attack that was stopped cold.
American teens stopped on their way to Syria
Federal authorities say the three high school girls were on their way to join terrorist groups in Syria.
Apple issues security warning for iCloud
Apple has posted a new security warning for users of its iCloud service amid reports of a concerted effort to steal passwords.
Oscar Pistorius sentenced to 5 years in prison
Oscar Pistorius has been given a five-year sentence for the killing of Reeva Steenkamp, but he could spend far less time in prison.
Ebola researchers race to find a cure
By December, there may be five to 10-thousand cases a week in the worst hit areas. The race is on to defeat Ebola.
Iraqi TV series fights ISIS with humor
The cast of a popular Iraqi television program is using humor to dispel some of the fears of ISIS.
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The T's board of directors is scheduled on Wednesday to discuss authorization of a $566M initial contract to Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.
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