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Sweet Nothings Cakes5 Reviews
Rothschild, WI | 715-359-2286
Heidi's review: The cake was beautiful and delicious!! She hand made our cake toppers which were penguins and they were so adorable!... (more)
FlourGirl Patissier42 Reviews
Fish Creek, WI | 920-421-0649
Simple....Elegant....Delicious..... FlourGirl Patissier specializes in made-to-order wedding cakes, as well as cakes and desserts for any...(more)
HotCakes by Tara4 Reviews
Shawano, WI | 920-609-1465
HotCakes by Tara is an event cake maker out of Shawano, WI serving Shawano, Green Bay and surrounding areas in Wisconsin. All cakes are handmade...(more)


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The recent crop of shocking stories about the group of American soldiers—now known widely as the "Kill Team"—who formed a death squad to deliberately slaughter Afghan civilians has been topped by a new Rolling Stone exposé that makes matters ...
Saturday was a particularly deadly day in and around Baghdad. Eight U.S. soldiers were killed by explosions or gunfire in different parts of the capital, raising the fatality count to 30 in the last six days, according to The Washington Post.
A military wife whose husband is deployed in Iraq corners conservative pundit William Kristol over his support for the war.
One of the weapons used with devastating effect against U.S. forces in Iraq is the so-called explosively formed penetrator, which the administration has accused Iran of producing. Astonishingly, the Discovery Channel recently aired a puff piece that delightedly showed off such a bomb, complete with a demonstration of how effective the compact device was against armored military targets.
The deaths, which resulted from two IED attacks in different parts of the country Wednesday, horrifically underscore the dire references to chaos in the just-released Iraq Study Group report.
More roadside bombs were planted in July than in any other month during the Iraq war, indicating a sharp rise in violence as the country moves toward all-out civil war. According to data obtained by The New York Times, 2,625 devices either exploded or were discovered in July, compared with 1,454 in January.
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Lido Pearls Cubic Zirconia Fresh Water Pearl Earrings
Product information
Classic pearl earrings from Lido Pearls. The silver hook is encrusted with sparkly cubic zirconias to give it a little extra glamour.
Made from natural fresh water pearls, that have a irridescent sheen.
This item comes packaged in a pretty organza gift bag.
- Brand
Lido Pearls
- Dimensions
- L2.5cm
- Earrings Fitting
- Drops
- Eligible for International Delivery
- Jewellery Type
- Earrings
- Main Stone Type
- Freshwater Pearl
Click & collectFree Click & collect from John Lewis or Waitrose shops for collection tomorrow from 2pm
355 participating John Lewis and Waitrose shops
- Free
Standard delivery within 5 working days
- Free
Next, named or Saturday UK delivery
- £6.95
Next/named day UK delivery pre-10.30am
- £9.95
International delivery available
- Europe (Non EU) - £7.50
- Europe (EU) - £7.50
- Rest of World - £25.00
- From £7.50
Collect+ from a local shop from tomorrow - postcode exclusions apply for Collect+ deliveries5000+ participating Collect+ shops
- £3.00
We want you to be happy with your purchase. If you're not, depending on the type of product, you can make free returns in the UK via John Lewis shops, Royal Mail, Collect+, or MyHermes. If you need to arrange collection of large or heavy items, call us on 03456 049 049. For international returns queries, call us on +44 1698 545 454. Find out more about returns.
You'll find returns information on your delivery note. Unless faulty, we'd like you to make your return within 90 days of purchase. Exceptions apply to certain products - find out more about our refund policy.


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Kendall Jenner Allegedly Calls Herself 'Better Than Everyone Else,' Plus Latest Instagram Post Related to Harry Styles - Reports
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By Diadem Pambid | July 17, 2014 8:47 AM EST
Kendall Jenner has so much going for her these days. In fact, the "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" star has jumped from one modelling gig to the next. The 18-year old model has also landed a number of magazine covers and fashion ads which has allegedly made her head swollen.
Kendall Jenner arrives on the red carpet at the MuchMusic Video Awards (MMVA) in Toronto, June 15, 2014.
Related Articles
According to a number of reports, Kendall thinks so highly of herself after her countless fashion stints. Being able to walk for Marc Jacobs to landing a cover on Vogue, rumours claim the fame has certainly gotten to Kendall's head. Now, the 18-year old is allegedly calling herself "better than everyone else."
OK! Magazine published a report claiming that Kendall is done with being part of the Kardashians. Kendall's move of getting out of her mother's house was allegedly her first step of action. The model wants to "distance herself" from the Kardashians all because she thinks she's better - and not to mention hotter.
"She thinks she's the hottest sister by far. Now that she's famous and heavily involved in fashion, she sees herself as better than everyone else," claims a source in an exclusive report by Hollywood Life.
Additional reports claim that Kendall now demands more money from the show given she's become the bigger star.
"She has become an egomaniac. That she's now demanding twice as much as her sisters to film the show," adds the source.
Representatives of Kendall Jenner and of the Kardashian family have not yet spoken up about the issue. For one, Kendall along with her sisters are having one heck of a grand time in their own affairs namely Kendall and Kylie with their fashion line, Kim on her husband and daughter, Khloe on French and Kourtney on her third pregnancy.
In other Kendall Jenner related news, her latest Instagram post sparked rumours that she's "still not over" Harry Styles. Harry and Kendall dated briefly for three months before suddenly calling it quits. The Instagram post was a quote by Sylvia Plath that talked about infatuation. Of course, this could mean anything and not entirely related to the One Direction singer. Check out the Instagram post here.
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Category: Comic Books
Showing results 29782-29821 of 31241
Special CBR Preview of "Hero Squared"
Keith Giffen and J.M. DeMatteis have provided CBR News with a custom comic strip featuring characters from the upcoming "Hero Squared." And there's more where that came from.
Carry a big stick: Cereno talks "Tales from the Bully Pulpit"
A former president and long-dead inventor take on Hitler in "Tales from the Bully Pulpit" from Image Comics.
Street Cred: Jim Rugg talks "Street Angel" & Previews Issue #4
Artist Jim Rugg talks about the Slave Labor Graphics hit series "Street Angel," with a note about the future of the series and a look at art from issue four.
Previewing "Daredevil" #65 Anniversary Special
Marvel Comics has provided CBR News with seven pages from next week's giant-sized "Daredevil" #65, celebrating Daredevil's 40th Anniversary.
Richard Corben draws "Bigfoot" for Niles & Zombie
Horror comics master Richard Corben will provide the art for the 2005 debuting "Bigfoot" by Steve Niles and Rob Zombie. CBR News has an exclusive look at sketches by Corben.
Gossett and Cadenhead talk "Elektra: The Hand"
Artist Christian Gossett and editor MacKenzie Cadenhead discuss the Marvel mini-series "Elektra: The Hand" with a look at art from issue #2.
Douglas Rushkoff talks "Club Zero-G" and Breaking Into Comics
A special presentation of PopImage.com and CBR News, Pop Image's Jonathan Ellis talks with author Douglas Rushkoff about his first foray into the world of graphic novels, "Club Zero-G."
Toronto Comic-Con Day 2 & 3 Photo Parade
PopImage.com's Jonathan Ellis and Ed Mathews are back to share more images from Saturday and Sunday at last weekend's Canadian National Expo in Toronto, Canada. Lots of great shots from the convention floor.
Tommy Lee Edwards asks "The Question" for DC
Continuing our look at the upcoming "The Question" series, artist Tommy Lee Edwards talked about his approach to the character, being inspired by the work of Steve Ditko and much more. Includes more preview art from the series.
Rick Veitch has the Answer to "The Question"
The Question returns to comics this November with writer Rick Veitch and artist Tommy Lee Edwards. In the first of a two-part look at the book, Veitch spoke about his plans for the series plus a preview of issue 1. Wednesday we catch up with Edwards.
Toronto Comic-Con Day 1 Photo Parade
PopImage.com's Jonathan Ellis and Ed Mathews share images from last weekend's Comic Book Expo held in Toronto, Canada. Costumed folk and creators abound! Click to get a look at day 1.
Brothers of War: Pat Lee & Ernst Dabel talk return of "Warlands"
This January sees the return of "Warlands" to comic shops and CBR News has some new sketches from the series and spoke with Pat Lee and Ernst Dabel to learn more.
Image Comics Solicitations for product shipping November, 2004
Image Comics has released their solicitation text and cover images for comics and product shipping November, 2004.
BIG Preview of "A1: Big Issue Zero,, Part 2
Yesterday we shared with you two stories from "A1" and today we bring you the final three: "Shark-Man" by Ronald Shusett and Steve Pugh, "Flaming Carrot" by Bob Burden and "Survivor" by Dave Gibbons and Ted McKeever.
Preview "The Punisher" DVD Comic
CBR is participating in a multi-site preview of the upcoming comic to be included with the DVD release of "The Punisher," coming September 7th
Greg Horn's Olympic Adventure
Greg Horn is known for those sexy "Emma Frost" and "Elektra" covers. He's also the painter of the Official US Olympic Basketball Team Picture. We spoke with Horn about his Olympic connection and the upcoming artbook, "The Art of Greg Horn." Updated with original Team USA sketch designs.
BIG Preview of "A1: Big Issue Zero"
Atomeka has provided CBR news with the full contents of this Wednesday's release "A1: Big Issue Zero." Today we present a preview of "The Bojeffries Saga" by Alan Moore and Steve Parkhouse and "Kathleen's House" by Steve Dillon. More tomorrow.
Marvel Comics Solicitations for product shipping November, 2004
Marvel Comics has released their solicitation text and cover images for comics and product shipping November, 2004.
Greg Pak talks "X-Men: Phoenix - Endsong"
Writer Greg Pak will tell the final Phoenix story next January in the pages of "X-Men: Phoenix - Endsong." Pak took a few moments to talk with CBR News about the project, plus preview art by Greg Land.
LeBron James & DC Comics Team up for New Comic
NBA Rookie sensation LeBron James is launching a new sports drink with a comic book tie-in by DC Comics.
DC Comics Solicitations for product shipping November, 2004
DC Comics has released their solicitation text and cover images for comics and product shipping in November of 2004.
Top 300 Comics, Top 100 Graphic Novels Actual Sales for July, 2004
Diamond Comics has released the top comic numbers based on actual sales on product shipped in July, 2004, including Overall Market Share, Top 300 Comics, Top 50 Graphic Novels/TPB's and Top 50 Manga.
Chicago, Day 2: Joss Whedon talks "X-Men" and More
At his panel Saturday, Joss Whedon updated fans on "Astonishing X-Men," plus the upcoming film "Serenity" as well as loads of "Buffy The Vampire Slayer" notes.
Chicago, Day 3: Vertigo/"Constantine" Panel
DC Comics revealed some plans for their Vertigo line Sunday including a new Hellblazer mini-series, "Swamp Thing" news and more, plus a preview of the upcoming movie "Constantine" starring Keanu Reeves.
Chicago, Day 3: "Superman/Batman" Panel
Jeph Loeb updated fans on the current status of "Superman/Batman" and what's to come, plus editor Matt Idleson announced new plans for Nightwing and more.
Chicago, Day 3: Sunday Photo Parade
The final batch of pictures from Sunday at Wizard World Chicago. Now, it's time for some sleep.
Chicago, Day 2: Saturday Photo Parade
More sights from the Wizard World convention in Chicago. Lots more creators, a handfull of good costumes and Doom and Galactus duke it out.
Chicago, Day 3: Dark Phoenix is back … again
Sunday's X-Men: Reloaded panel in Chicago offers a few tidbits to X-fanatics.
Chicago, Day 1: Seen & Heard on the Con Floor
Russell Lissau checks in with his report on the con floor from the first day of Wizard World Chicago. Costumed folks, professionals and more.
Chicago, Day 2: College Experimentation: Wolfman talks "Defex"
Debuting this October are four new super hero titles from the Devil's Due banner Aftermath Comics. CBR News spoke with Marv Wolfman, the writer of "Defex," which follows a group of five college research students who end up experimenting on themselves.
Chicago, Day 2: C.B. Cebulski talks the return of "What If?"
Yesterday Brian Bendis discussed his plans for the return of "What If?" in 2005. Today, Editor C.B. Cebulski spoke with CBR News about their plans for the series and why it's making a comeback.
Chicago, Day 2: Mapping the DC Universe
Saturday at Wizard World, DC Comics announced plans of a new, ongoing "Green Lantern" series and much more.
Chicago, Day 2: Seen & Heard on the Con Floor
More tid bits from Saturday on the convention floor including news and notes from creators and panels.
Chicago, Day 2: Marvel Universe Panel
Joe Quesada and company bombard fans with hero news during the Marvel Universe panel held at Wizard World Chicago.
Taking A Look At "The Long Haul"
Oni Press has provided CBR News with a four page preview of their October debuting title "The Long Haul" by writer Antony Johnston and artist Eduardo Barretto.
Neil Gaiman Brings Fans Up To Speed on Film and Comic Deals
With a multitude of projects in development, write Neil Gaiman spoke with CBR News updating the status of film projects "Death: The High Cost of Living," "Books of Magic," "Murder Mysteries" and others, plus addresses the rumors he's to write "Thor" for Marvel and much more.
Chicago, Day 1: Wildstorm Panel, Campbell announces "WildSiderz"
DC Comics held their Wildstorm panel Friday at Wizard World Chicago. Announcements included a new J. Scott Campbell series, "Wildsiderz," plus a host of other projects including Wildstorm's interest in a "Gloabal Frequency" graphic novel.
Chicago, Day 1: Corporate Take-Over: Henderson & Salvaggio talk Tokyopop's "Psy-Comm"
"Psy-Comm" is part of a new line of original, American manga published by Tokyopop by writers Jason Henderson and Tony Salvaggio. CBR News spoke with the duo about the series, a world where corporations have replaced countries and all's not well.
Chicago, Day 1: Locked & Loaded - Quesada on Marvel's "Young Guns" Initiative
Marvel Comics has announced a new company wide initiative called the "Young Guns," a group of six up-and-coming artists who'll be major players in the Marvel U. Editor-In-Chief Joe Quesada spoke with CBR News about the initiative.
Chicago, Day 1: Bendis Talks the Return of "What If…," Kevin Smith Joins Him for Issue #1
In 2005, Marvel Comics will debut the return of their classic series, "What If…" Writer Brian Bendis is on board for the first three issues and he spoke to CBR News about his plans, including Kevin Smith joining him on issue #1.
Archives: All | Comic Books | TV/Film | Video Games | Web Comics


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Hamlet and swan dives
ESPN Staff
December 14, 2012
It's that time of year again and in what is now surely a tradition to rival the turkey, the tree and all the trimmings, we're delighted to herald the return the ESPNscrum Festive Countdown for your amusement.
Once again, we'll be counting down the days until the big one with an assortment of trivia and novelties to brighten your day - sadly, chocolate not included. Check out our latest offering below and be sure to check back tomorrow for your latest dose of festive fun!
Premature celebrations
Sam Vesty had been solid for Bath all of last season and in their final home match of the campaign, he showed his delight at crossing the line for what he thought was going to be their fourth try against Wasps. The London side were embroiled in a fight against relegation and were searching for any points they could gather. With Vesty seemingly home and hosed, Wasps' Tom Varndell scampered back and made a try-saving tackle to embarrass the former Tiger and in the process, ensured his side escaped with the losing bonus-point - a point which ended up just about keeping them in the Premiership.
Quote Unquote
"You have got to remember Chris hasn't been with the club now for four months - out of sight out of mind."
Trivia Time
Who has made the most appearances in the Five/Six Nations? Click here for the answer
And something you may have missed...
ESPNscrum endeavours to bring you an intoxicating mix of news, views and analysis and one or two of these gems may have passed you by over the last 12 months - but don't worry, we've dusted them off for your pleasure.
Method in the madness?
Picture Perfect
We've also trawled the archives for some of the best shots of year for your visual pleasure - here we see Wales centre Scott Williams swan-diving over the Twickenham tryline to give Wales a memorable victory at the home of English rugby. It was a victory that propelled them on the way to their third Grand Slam in seven years.
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
|Live Scores
The latest Week in Pictures takes in all the action from the weekend when rugby united behind Samoa
Ford helps England re-find focus
England broke their losing streak, but this was not them clawing their way back among the best, writes Tom Hamilton
Wales were just 13 minutes from a famous victory, but the lessons to be learned in defeat are almost exactly the same as those from previous near-misses, writes Huw Richards
Ahead of England's clash with Samoa, Scrum Sevens takes a wander down memory lane and celebrates seven examples of Pacific Islands magic


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A method for synchronising two asynchronous control and monitoring units of a computer, wherein each of these units comprises a computation unit. The method includes a computation of independent local Boolean signals, each having a Boolean inertia greater than the temporal uncertainties, due to the latencies in transmission between computers and the precision of the sampling controlled by the clock cycle of each unit, capable of affecting them. The method also includes an exchange, between the two units, of local signals, with each unit sending a locally computed value to the other unit, the generation of a pair of synchronised signals, in each unit, based on the local value and the value received from the other unit, and the formation of a consolidated signal based on the pair of synchronised signals.
1. A method for synchronising two asynchronous COM and MON units, for control and monitoring, respectively, of a computer of a computation system comprising a plurality of computers connected to one another by a communication connection, wherein each of the COM and MON units comprises a computation unit, the method comprising:
computing independent local Boolean signals, each having a Boolean inertia greater than temporal uncertainties, due to latencies in transmission between computers and precision of a sampling controlled by a clock cycle of each of the COM and MON units, capable of affecting them,
exchanging, between the COM and MON units, of local signals, with each of the COM and MON units sending a locally computed value to the other unit,
generating a pair of synchronised signals, in each of the COM and MON units, based on its locally computed value and the computed value received from the other unit,
forming a consolidated signal based on the pair of synchronised signals.
2. The method according to
3. The method according to
4. The method according to
5. The method according to
6. The method according to
7. The method according to
detecting a change in value of an input among the actual Boolean signal of said unit and the signal received from the other unit,
maintaining an internal counter in the unit,
retaining a certain stable value,
refreshing this value on a given condition.
8. The method according to
9. The method according to
10. The method according to
11. The method according to
12. The method according to
13. The method according to
14. The method according to
15. A computation system comprising a plurality of computers connected to one another by a communication connection wherein at least one of the computers is asynchronous and comprises at least two asynchronous COM, MON units, for control and monitoring, respectively, each of these units comprising a computation unit as well as:
a computing unit configured to compute independent local Boolean signals, each having a Boolean inertia greater than temporal uncertainties capable of affecting them,
an exchanging unit configured to exchange between the two units COM and MON, local signals, wherein each unit sends a locally calculated value to the other unit,
at least one generator of a pair of synchronised signals, in each of the COM and MON units, based on its locally computed value and the computed value received from the other unit, and
a forming unit configured to form a consolidated signal based on the pair of synchronised signals.
16. The system according to
17. The system according to
18. The system according to
19. The system according to
a detection unit configured to detect a change in value of an input;
a maintaining unit configured to maintain an internal counter of the unit;
a retaining unit configured to retain a certain stable value, and
a refreshing unit configured to refresh this value on a given condition.
20. The system according to
21. The system according to
22. The system according to
23. The system according to
24. The system according to
25. The system according to
26. The system according to
27. An aircraft comprising a device capable of implementing the method according to
28. An aircraft comprising the system according to
The invention relates to setting in consistency of configurations of different redundant computers in a system comprising a plurality of redundant computers.
An example of an application involves airplane flight control systems. The solution proposed is indeed implantable in the computers on-board airplanes with electric flight controls.
The invention also relates to the improvement in the strength of the flight control system of an airplane. The aspects computed, of the configuration divergence type, involve functional strings that control mode changes via switches between the different branches of a given control computation.
The divergences computed are permanent or transient.
First, the host architecture of an electric flight control system and its specific features will be briefly discussed. This essentially concerns the hardware architecture, the on-board software and the communication means.
The hardware architecture of the electric flight control system is composed of a set of redundant computers. This redundancy satisfies essentially two levels of requirements:
The objective of availability is achieved by the coexistence of a plurality of autonomous and independent computers capable of performing the functionalities of the system, and the objective of safety is satisfied by a �fail-stop� architecture at the level of each computer.
Indeed, a number of types of computers are capable of computing a given function, and only one computer is in charge of (engaged with) said function, while the other redundant computers are waiting on this function and compute other functions.
Each computer is autonomous, has its own power supply and is controlled by its own real-time clock. These clocks are asynchronous. In addition, each computer is composed of two independent units:
In parallel with the hardware redundancy, a software redundancy is implemented in the sense that the software of each computer is different and the software of each pair of associated units (COM, MON) is dissimilar.
As already indicated above, the two clocks are not synchronised in hardware. This asynchrony is manifested by a phase shift (or jitter), between the sampling times, and, consequently, the appearance of a jitter between the computation times. This jitter is not constant over time and is increased by the clock cycle. Indeed, the clocks are not perfectly accurate and drift over time. However, their drift is slow enough to ensure that the real time is not lost.
The asynchrony of the clocks that control the architecture and the communication latencies creates temporal uncertainties.
The different computers communicate with one another by buses, and buses provide the connection between the associated units of a single computer.
The communication of data by bus is characterised by transmission latencies that are non-deterministic but bounded delays. Indeed, the transmission delays are caused by the speed of the buses and are highly dependent on the load of the communications network. These delays are therefore dependent on the instantaneous state of the communication means. They are not therefore quantifiable, hence their non-deterministic character. However, the characteristics provided by the manufacturer give a maximum bound δ for these delays.
Another aspect of the temporal uncertainties is associated with the sampling. Indeed, industrial productions in the field of electric flight controls, and more generally in all generally asynchronous systems controlled by periodic real-time clocks, are characterised by the non-determinism of the sampling. This non-determinism involves phase shifting on continuous signals and delays on discrete signals such as Boolean signals.
It is therefore understood that the effects of the temporal uncertainties on the signals passing through the hardware architecture implemented are combined and are equivalent to a general non-deterministic delay Δ, bounded by:
In the case of a flight control system, the flight control computers compute, among other things, the control commands, and monitor their validity. These commands result from control laws, which are complex functions and which often have a plurality of computation branches. They are activated according to the state of the airplane, the flight and the environment outside the aircraft.
The states of the flight control system are coded by a set of Boolean signals that qualify the availability of a resource or a function, or the passing of a certain threshold, or the validity of a measurement. The group of states of a flight control computer is called the configuration of the computer.
The states of flight control computers are logic conditions that route the choice of computation branches and the parameters of the control laws (gains, kinematics, etc.). As the associated units in a single flight control computer function in parallel, a divergence in the states of the two units can cause a divergence in the orders computed and the activation of discordance alarms.
The aspects computed, of the configuration divergence type, involve the functional strings that control the mode changes via switches between the different branches of a given computation. The divergences computed are permanent or transient.
By way of example,
We can take the case, for example, in which the Boolean conditions Be and Bm result from threshold crossing logics. Therefore, if the input signal Ec is greater than a certain threshold s, Bc takes, for example, the value True. The same applies to Em and Bm. This computation is performed via a threshold crossing detection device (LD, LD′).
At a constant physical input, the precision of the sensors naturally enables the inputs Ec and Em to be different. Therefore, if the physical input is sustainably in the vicinity of the activation threshold, then Bc≠Bm, resulting in a discordance downstream on the steering set points if the functions T1 and T2 are different.
A more favourable case is the one in which the inputs Ec and Em result from the same sensor or the same source. However, this does not prevent the generation of two different strings Bc and Bm, for a sufficiently long time window. The borderline case is that of the physical input in the vicinity of the threshold: then the imprecision and the coding noise can cause the same problem.
With further restrictions, and with a supposed �identical� coding between COM and MON, it is enough to have, as shown in
This example shows that an important dynamic in the inputs (numeric or Boolean), paired with the temporal uncertainties, potentially causes divergences in the configurations of the units of a given computer.
However, the configuration of the two units of each pair of associated units COM/MON must be, outside of a failure, the same, with close clock asynchronism. This requirement requires the computation of the Boolean signals, which code the configuration of each unit. This computation is called consolidation. In other words, to prevent divergences in the input variables, resulting, for example, from threshold logics, this consolidation technique can be used.
The Boolean consolidation consists of developing the local configuration (Boolean string) in each computation unit, exchanging it with the associated unit via a data bus and computing it so as to equalise the configurations.
Indeed, permanent differences between the configurations cause permanent differences in the control commands, and activate the monitoring at the end of the computation chain. Transient differences cause more or less substantial differences that can cause a divergence in the control command computations, in particular when they have, in their computation chains, operators that load, such as integrators, for example.
Typically, as shown in
The local streams x_com and x_mon serve to compute the consolidated streams x_com_c and x_mon_c. The consolidation has two different versions:
1. The consolidation with AND logic (case of
2. The consolidation with OR logic serves to favour the �TRUE� (�accurate�) value in the case of a divergence in the two local streams. This consolidation tends to maintain the availability of the computation controlled by the variable downstream of the computation.
This technique is intended to eliminate the transients that are capable of affecting the inputs of the sequential computations and that risk creating divergences.
The problem with this technique is that the streams consolidated in each unit are the same, with a similar clock cycle, if the streams to be consolidated are sufficiently stable or do not vary too quickly. However, as these signals are not generally stable enough�because they are dependent, for example, on threshold crossing logics�this technique produces consolidated strings that can differ in the Hamming distance sense. The Hamming distance between two strings of Booleans is the number of different bits between these two strings.
These consolidated streams are involved in other control stream computations, and therefore risk potentially causing the control units to diverge.
Another solution consists of confirming the absorbing state (true or false) for the consolidation operation.
Indeed, if the �true� state is confirmed on a signal, an inertia is introduced for its �false� state, which is the absorbing value for the AND logic gate. Similarly, if the �false� state is confirmed on a Boolean signal, an inertia is introduced for its �true� state, which is the absorbing value for the OR logic operation.
This technique makes it possible to have a common value, in COM and in MON, at least during one out of two clock cycles.
The disadvantage of this technique is that it is not precise enough, because it can have an error rate of 50%. In addition, it delays the consideration of changes in values, following the confirmation.
Consequently, the consolidations implemented in a known manner are of the combinatory type. These are point-to-point computations, without memory, often by way of a logic gate.
Other known devices protect themselves from the problems described above by using a highly synchronous architecture in the sense that all of the redundant computers are controlled by a distributed clock, as well as the communication buses. The advantage of this solution is to eliminate the temporal uncertainties. This approach promotes the use of majority-type voting devices (triplex voting).
However, this approach, by general synchronisation of the entire architecture, is costly, because it requires the use of specific material that is often relatively slow. This defect prevents the development of advanced functions and strategies, which often consume a lot of processing time and bandwidth of the communication network.
The problem to be solved is therefore that of finding a technique for consolidation of Boolean data that is insensitive to the asynchronism of the two units and to the transmission latencies, and to the dynamics of the signals to be consolidated.
According to the invention, to equalise the sampled Boolean signals, two associated units in a computer of a computation system reach a consensus on a common value, based on the local value of each unit and the value received by the associated unit via the communication bus.
This common value is derived from a local synchronisation computation. At a given time, each unit has a pair of values:
The consolidation computation is performed on this pair of Booleans and generates a Bcc Boolean value (for Boolean consolidated in COM) and a Bmc value (for Boolean consolidated in MON).
The two consolidated signals (Bcc and Bmc) are the closest possible.
The invention also relates to a method for synchronising two asynchronous units, for control and monitoring, respectively, of a computer of a computation system comprising a plurality of computers connected to one another by communication means, wherein each of these units comprises a computation unit, which method comprises:
According to the invention, a pair of coherent values is shared, which corresponds to the overlapping of stable intervals of the local Bown inputs between the associated units (COM/MON). This pair of values is refreshed by the units concerned so as to reach the consensus expected on a common and coherent pair. Each unit is therefore responsible for refreshing a component of this pair according to the dynamics of its Bown input and the dynamics of the Bopp input received.
This computation, and a device that implements it, make it possible to locally find an operation analogous to an operation in which all of the units are perfectly synchronous. Thus, the invention allows for local synchronisation, upon request, without using a general synchronisation of the entire hardware architecture.
The invention therefore proposes a method for refreshing the common copy used by the units that share it in order to perform the consolidation.
A device according to the invention comprises synchronisation means according to the invention, and makes it possible to cover all cases of failure due to a transient or permanent divergence in the control streams. The synchronisation is based on the creation of a shared virtual memory at the level of the bus, which provides communication between two asynchronous computation units implemented in the computation. This synchronisation ensures the establishment of coherence of the coded internal states of these units, by consolidated control streams. The logic gates of the prior art are replaced by a method that uses the properties of the signals to be consolidated.
The invention also relates to a computation system comprising a plurality of computers connected to one another by communication means, wherein at least one of the computers is asynchronous and comprises at least two asynchronous units, for control and monitoring, respectively, and each of these units comprises a computation unit as well as:
The local signals can be computed by different algorithms based on different sensors, or result from logics associated with sensors, for example of the threshold crossing type, or computations performed by other computers.
They preferably each have a Boolean inertia greater than twice the non-deterministic delay capable of affecting them.
The connection between the two asynchronous units can be provided by an inter-unit bus and/or by a cable-type connection.
Similarly, the communication means between the computers can comprise at least one inter-unit bus and/or at least one cable-type connection.
A method and a device according to the invention implement a robust refresh method.
According to an embodiment, this method makes it possible, for each unit, to:
Each unit i can implement a counter (ni), initially at an initial state (�0�), and such that, if this unit i sees one of its own inputs (Bown) change, and no inputs of the other units (Bopp) change, it distributes the change of its input by refreshing its output (Bowndiff) to one of the other units and positions its counter at a fourth state.
The counter can be such that, if ni=0, and if the unit i sees changes in Bopp inputs of the other units, it distributes the change of its input by refreshing its output (Bowndiff) to one of the other units and positions its counter at a third state.
In each step, each unit decrements its counter, down to the initial state.
When ni=1, each unit i executes the refresh operation of its local pair by a pair of refreshed values.
The plurality of computers can be used in an electric flight control system.
The different computers are identified by the references C1, C2, . . . Cn. Communication means 6 ensure the exchange of information between the different components of this asynchronous architecture.
In a single computer, the two computation units (COM1, MON1; COM2, MON2; . . . ; COMn, MONn), connected by an inter-data bus B1, B2, . . . , Bn, are asynchronous; each unit has its own real-time clock, and the various clocks are not synchronised together. This lack of synchronisation poses the problems indicated in the introduction to this application and to which this invention provides a solution.
The general architecture of one of the computers C1, C2, . . . Cn is shown in
In the case of a flight control computer, one of these units (�COMMAND� or �COM�) develops the control orders and controls the actuators, while the other (�MONITOR� or �MON�) calculates the same functionality and the same orders, possibly by using sensors and computations different from those of the associated �COMMAND� unit. This unit monitors the �COMMAND� unit associated with it.
The different computers are interconnected by data buses. The communication between the computers implements a periodic sampling for the reading of the input buses, and a periodic blocking, of the zero-order block type, for writing on the output buses. The sampling and the blocking are controlled by real-time periodic clock pulses, i.e. by the activation of programs by these clocks. This type of communication is non-blocking because the asynchronous computers periodically scan their input buses and no synchronisation is required to take into account the changes in values issued by the communication means.
There are two types of data buses:
The connections between computers and/or the inter-unit connections can be provided by cables, or, simultaneously, by one or more cables and one or more buses.
A consolidation computation according to the invention comprises three steps:
1. In the first step, the local Bown Boolean signals are computed in each unit COM and MON. These two signals are, in principle, independent, because they are computed by different algorithms based on different sensors or computers. In the case of sensors, they can be of any type, for example of the threshold crossing type.
2. In a second step, between the two units COM and MON, an exchange of local signals, or a signal computed on the basis of local signals, is carried out. Each unit sends its Bown value, or a value computed on the basis of this Bown value, computed locally, to the other unit.
3. In a third step, a consensus is reached, in each unit, on the basis of the local value and the value received from the associated unit, and a pair of synchronised signals is generated. This pair will serve to produce the consolidated signal: this is the actual consolidation operation.
The consolidation makes it possible to equalise the two consolidated streams with a close jitter, of the clock. The invention enables this consolidation: a common copy of the streams to be consolidated on the inter-unit bus Bi is kept virtually, and acts as a shared memory. Indeed, a sufficient condition for having equal consolidated strings is that the same inputs be applied to the consolidation algorithms in the two units.
In consideration of the properties of the architecture that receives the computations considered, the proposed solution is based on the time properties of the signals to be consolidated. As already indicated above, the combination of the sampling uncertainties and the transmission latencies on the communication means (bus, for example) can be assimilated to a delay that is non-deterministic but bounded by:
where δ and Cx are respectively the delay caused by the transmission delay of the bus and the clock cycle. Between two units of the same computer, the clocks can be different and asynchronous, but also periodic with the same period Cx. Therefore, there is only one Cx that is the period of execution of the synchronisation algorithm. This period is the same in the COM unit and in the MON unit.
If the signals to be consolidated have a minimum Boolean inertia, i.e. a minimum interval of stability T between two successive changes in values, there is an overlap interval of the stable portions of the signals considered. In other words, when the signal takes a value, it keeps this value for a duration at least equal to T. Due to this overlap (shown in
A sufficient condition for ensuring the existence of a coherent overlap (deterministic) in a given unit is to consider signals that have a greater Boolean inertia than the temporal uncertainties capable of affecting them. Hence, the following relation (1):
The overlap interval has a duration equal to at least T−Δ. The two variables that influence Δ (δ and Cx) are known, and T can be adjusted to satisfy the above condition.
To ensure a coherent overlap seen by the two units, the overlap should be perceived in the same manner by the two units that exchange the signals to be consolidated. The following condition (2) makes it possible to achieve this objective:
Here again, T can be adjusted to satisfy this condition.
Therefore, each unit (TC and TM in
It is possible to consider the example of local Bown Booleans produced by periodic computations of period T=Cprod. These Boolean signals have a minimum inertia of Cprod (the signal cannot vary before Cprod). To verify the overlap condition, temporal uncertainties Δ that are strictly smaller than half of Cprod are considered. The period Cprod of production of local Bown variables is generally different from the value Cx. The conditions indicated above are statically verified by varying the period of production of the local variables Cprod in order to adjust their period of stability, or inertia, T because T≧Cprod.
A robust refresh method (i.e. insensitive to the uncertainties not modelled during the design; in this case, robustness with regard to temporal uncertainties (latency, clock asynchronism)) according to the invention, implemented by such a device, can be described as follows:
1. Each unit i (in
2. Based on the state ni=0: if the unit i sees one of its own Bown inputs change, and no Bopp inputs of the other units changes, it distributes the change of its input by refreshing Bowndiff and positions its counter to state �3�.
3. Based on the state ni=0: if the unit i sees a change of Bopp input coming from at least one other unit, it distributes, independently of any change of its own local Bown signal, the change of its input by refreshing Bowndiff and positions its counter to state �2�. In other words, Bopp then determines the distribution of Bown to the other unit. The direct passage from n=0 to n=2 makes it possible to accelerate the method by �short-circuiting� state n=3. Indeed, the prior method functions at isospeed, i.e. at constant speed, for production of local signals, exchange and consolidation. It is not the four-state or four-time aspect of the method that allows for acceleration of the method. The four-state aspect of the method requires an acceleration that involves the periods, or speeds, of execution of the means 10, 11 and B with respect to the production speed of the local Bown signals in order to ensure the validity of the fundamental condition T>2�Δ. State n=3 is short-circuited because if Bopp changes, it means that the opposite unit has its counter positioned at state �3� and will go to state �2�. Therefore, synchronisation is achieved by putting the local counter at state �2�. The two units become synchronous over this computation with the close clock asynchronism.
4. Then, in each step, each unit decrements its counter, down to 0.
5. When ni=1, each unit i executes the refresh operation of its local pair (Bownc, Boppc) by the pair (Bowndiff, Bopp), with Bopp corresponding in fact to the Bowndiff signal of the other unit. A stable phase, or consensus, is reached.
In other words, the Bowndiff value is modified or refreshed at each change of Bown or Bopp when coming from a stable phase, i.e. ni=0, or each time n=2 or n=3.
It is not the local Bown configuration of each unit that is sent to the other unit, but a configuration (Bowndiff) that is different from Bown from the temporal perspective, since it is synchronised by the Bown as well as the Bopp modifications.
Such a method is applicable to a plurality of units and not only to two COM and MON units. In this case, each Bown signal is in fact a column matrix of signals Bown1, Bown2, Bown3, Bown4, . . . , and each Bopp signal is a column matrix of signals Bopp1, Bopp2, Bopp3, Bopp4, . . . A Bown modification corresponds to a modification of at least one of its components, and a Bopp modification also corresponds to a modification of at least one of its components.
It is therefore a diagram with four states:
From a state k (≠0), it goes to state k−1, then to state k−2 if k−1≠0.
A method according to the invention can be implemented by a circuit of
The device also comprises �exclusive-OR� gates 70, 71, �OR� gates 72, 73 and inverters 74, 75.
The means 50, 52, 70 make it possible to calculate the condition n �3, if the counter was at 0 at the previous time and if Bown has changed its value.
The means 54 and 71 compute the condition n=2, if the counter was 0 at the previous time and if Bopp has changed its value.
The means 72, 74 make it possible to develop the condition (n≠3 and n≠2). If this condition is �true�, the storage means 60 keep Bowndiff at its last value; otherwise Bowndiff is refreshed by Bown.
The means 56 produce the condition n=2, and the means 58 produce the condition n=1.
The means 73 produce the condition (n=3 or n=2 or n=1), which is equivalent to n≠0.
The means 51 introduce a timing making it possible to ensure that the computations are done so that only one step is done per computation cycle.
The means 75 produce the condition n≠1.
The means 62 and 64 are controlled by the same storage condition, i.e. the output of means 75 (n≠1). If this condition is false, these symbols are turned on and the synchronised pair (Bownc, Boppc) is refreshed.
The operation shown in
The two signals of
This figure shows that the consolidated
Booleans (Bcc and Bmc) are the same, with the close clock asynchronism.
As seen in the previous example of operation, the application of the algorithm performs a synchronisation on request of the two COM and MON units. This synchronisation has the specific feature of being robust by construction with temporal uncertainties. Indeed, the relationship that associates the inertia of the inputs with the time uncertainties enables an excellent equality to be achieved, or even a perfect equality, with the close clock asynchronism, of the signals computed by the proposed method.
The parameter NNN is the number of occurrences of the symbol.
The input value E1 is a constant or variable Boolean value.
The three cached inputs Cond, Init and B_Init are respectively:
The output value S1 is a Boolean value.
The memory functions as follows:
The invention also applies to (triplex, triplex)-type architectures. It is then simply necessary to implement two Bopp inputs in order to cover the triplex (three-computers architecture with three units per computer).
The invention makes it possible to improve the asynchronous architecture by synchronising only specific functions, by an approach that is clearly less expensive than a general synchronisation of the entire hardware architecture.
The invention proposes, among other things, techniques and methods for designing flight control systems robustly by construction. By robustness, we mean the insensitivity of a computation to uncertainties and non-modelled dynamics within the limits of the functional requirements of the system concerned.
The proposed invention provides a generic and general technique for computing the temporal uncertainties of GALS (Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous) architectures. There are multiple fields of application, and they are not limited to the consolidation of two asynchronous units. Indeed, the proposed technique is applicable to other fields, such as space, defence and more generally to any system distributed on a GALS architecture without general hardware or software synchronisation.
It should be noted that the description provided with two Boolean signals can naturally be extended to other possible cases, in particular to a number of signals greater than two.
The invention proposes a systematisation of the use of variability (stability) properties on streams to be consolidated in order to regain robustness. Certain computations can produce highly dynamic Boolean streams. The transformation of these signals into stable streams promotes the addition of delays via confirmers or monostables. This transformation creates delays on the control streams, which are not generally desirable for reasons of reactivity. Therefore, the invention solves the problem at its source.
A speed improvement is achieved by accelerating speeds in order to satisfy the fundamental relation T>2�Δ. Indeed, if Cprod=T=40 ms for example, it is sufficient to have Cx+Δ<T/2=40/2=20 ms. Therefore, the algorithm is executed at a speed Cx=10 ms and the exchanges are accelerated with this same period Cx. As the supplier data for the communication means specify that Δ<10 ms, we therefore have T/2>Δ+Cx. The accelerations are therefore achieved by adjusting the speeds of execution Cx of the algorithm and exchanges as well as the speed of production Cprod=T of the local signals.
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Cherry Lane Theatre Presents THE OTHER MOZART, Now thru 10/27
THE OTHER MOZART, written and performed by Sylvia Milo, is the heartbreaking tale of illustrious composer Amadeus Mozart's mysterious and forgotten older sister--a child so gifted and unique that she not only contended with her genius brother but originally received billing over him in their formative years. She was a child prodigy, virtuoso, and composer, yet now hardly anyone knows she existed and all of her music is lost.
In THE OTHER MOZART, Sylvia Milo, directed by Isaac Byrne, lovingly shapes the fragments of Nannerl Mozart's stifled life into a beautiful vignette, silhouetted by the skeletal form of the constricting corsets and suffocating layers of fabric that were the fashion of the time. She performs the piece entirely on and within a stunning and opulent dress (eighteen feet in diameter), hiding and discovering teacups, feathers, music boxes and perfumed powder among the folds.
"Not only did THE OTHER MOZART tell a fascinating and important story - but it did so most theatrically. I loved the concept of Nannerl literally allowing her world to be proscribed by the circumference of her dress... here the brilliance of director Isaac Byrne literally shines." -Berkshire On Stage
The haunting music (composed by Nathan Davis and Phyllis Chen - who both had works premiered at this year's Mostly Mozart Festival at Lincoln Center) written for ordinary objects that might have captured Nannerl's imagination, such as clavichords, music boxes, fans and teacups, and Ms. Milo's multi-layered performance as Nannerl Mozart through the years is not to be missed-at times witty and vibrant, at times crushing and desperately sad.
The critically acclaimed show has traveled throughout the United States and Europe, coming now to Cherry Lane Theatre for an extremely limited engagement as part of the All For One Festival.
THE OTHER MOZART, written and performed by Sylvia Milo. Directed by Isaac Byrne. Music composed by Nathan Davis and Phyllis Chen. Costume by Magdalena D?browska and Miodrag Guberinic. Style coached by Janice Orlandi. Lighting design by Joshua Rose. Hair design by Courtney Bednarowski.
Presented by: ALL FOR ONE FESTIVAL | CHERRY LANE STUDIO THEATRE | 38 COMMERCE STREET, NYC 10014 | Running time: 70 min | Tickets: $26 available at www.afofest.org/shows/the-other-mozart
TODAY, October 12th (Saturday) at 1 pm
October 19th (Saturday) at 4 pm
October 26th (Saturday) at 7 pm
October 27th (Sunday) at 1 pm
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The First Word in Protective & Marine Coatings
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June 6, 2012
An old Marine pilot sat down at the Starbucks, wearing his old flight suit and leather jacket.
As he sat sipping his coffee, a young woman sat down next to him. Turning to the pilot and asked, "Are you a real pilot?"
He replied, 'Well, I've spent my whole life flying planes, first Stearmans, then Grummans... flew a Wildcat and Corsair in WWII and, later in the Korean conflict, Banshees and Cougars. I've taught more than 260 people to fly and given rides to hundreds, so I guess I am a pilot. And you? What are you?
She said, "I'm a lesbian. I spend my whole day thinking about naked women. As soon as I get up in the morning, I think about naked women. When I shower, I think about naked women. When I watch TV, I think about naked women. It seems everything makes me think of naked women."
The two sat sipping in silence.
A little while later, a young man sat down on the other side of the pilot and asked, "Are you a real pilot?"
He replied, "I always thought I was, but I just found out I'm a lesbian."
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text: How to host a minecraft server : 11 steps (with pictures), Be sure to have the most current version of java on your system. the software that enables you to use your computer as a minecraft server requires java to run..Is it safe for me to host a minecraft server? - makeuseof, Here is a guide installing http://www.minecraftwiki.net/wiki/tutorials/setting_up_a_server.ers can gain your ip from anywhere (irc, url or minecraft server etc.


text:
Cretan Maineiac
Feelings of a Yankee on the Fall of Chirak
Inspired by Shelley
I was indifferent to
you, spineless Vichy
statist, appeaser of thugs, their
pinch-faced outrage-ala-mode raining Molotovs on cops clad black as scorched earth, Peugeots, Citroens, Opals, burning in high-
toned pan of Ingres's Odalisque, from the shadows to
the lighted courtyard, Pei's pyramid & the Renaissance sacrificed from
history for foreign
endowments financing foot-washers for the
trees along the Champs-Elysees in sight of
Fitzgerald and Papa Hemingway,
ghosts brooding in ex-pats' haunts, Teddy's "mollycoddle"
charge echoing thru the
yellow night, &
@ home and the non-trad college, not a word…
Marshall green and Greenpeace
green consumed by
Petrol green & Echoes of
Shelley's faith of '89 befouled by
Bonaparte & UN schemes, sans
Lafayette to stand and fight the flames, & Flanders Field drowned in
'68 hate- Red dagger ignorance cloaked in
Fairness- damning Liberty,
Fraternity just another political come-
on, Equality but
Socialist envy
the foulest Green of time,
pinch-faced outrage-ala-mode rains Molotovs, &
@ home & the non-trad college, not a word.
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text:
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text:
Winnipeg Free Press - ONLINE EDITION
Goldeyes training camp begins at Shaw Park
The Winnipeg Goldeyes baseball team took the field Saturday for the first time together as training camp for the 2012 American Association season opened at Shaw Park.
About 2,000 fans were in attendance for the team's annual Open House under blue skies and sunshine as the temperature hit 21 C at the park.
While the Goldeyes players worked out on the field, fans were able to watch the action on the field and treated to tours of the park and clubhouse.
The team's 24 players were worked out in hitting, throwing and running drills by manager Rick Forney, hitting coach Tom Vaeth and pitching coach Bill Pulsipher. The training session ended going about 30 minutes longer than scheduled for the staff to fit in all the work they wanted to get done.
"It was a good first day, it was long. When all the pitchers say they want to throw live BP (batting practice) the first day, you know you're in for a three-hour outing," Forney said with a smile. "Especially here in Winnipeg, you're never sure what the weather's going to be like the following day so it's important to cram as much in as you possibly can. I'm pleased with the shape and conditioning the guys came in. They looked good," "
The Goldeyes will hold another training session on Sunday at noon-3 p.m. The team will play a pair of exhibition games on Monday and Tuesday at 7 p.m. Shaw Park against the St. Paul Saints and meet the University of Winnipeg Wesmen baseball team on Friday at 6 p.m. at Shaw Park.
The team will then hit the road for a pair of exhibition games in St. Paul, Minn. on May 13 and 14 and one game in Kansas City on May 15.
"This year, we're going to spend the last part of the training camp on the road so we've got to act faster than maybe we're comfortable with in some decision-making (on players) before we head out of town," Forney said, noting
Forney said teams can start the AA season with 23 players. Teams carry 22 during the season. "These two games against St. Paul and the University of Winnipeg are going to be pretty important for some of the guys."
Forney said he may reduce his roster after Friday's game to take fewer players the team takes on the road.
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text:
Sustainable Energy
Study on optimizing evaluation and recovery efficiency for landfill gas energy collection
Article first published online: 2 SEP 2013
DOI: 10.1002/ep.11831
© 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 972–977, October 2014
Additional Information
How to Cite
Xue, Q. and Liu, L. (2014), Study on optimizing evaluation and recovery efficiency for landfill gas energy collection. Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy, 33: 972–977. doi: 10.1002/ep.11831
Publication History
- Issue published online: 10 JUL 2014
- Article first published online: 2 SEP 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: 17 JUN 2013
- Manuscript Revised: 15 APR 2013
- Manuscript Received: 30 NOV 2012
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- landfill gas;
- optimization method;
- recovery efficiency;
- distribution
The distribution of the vertical wells has the significant effect on the collection capacity of methane in landfill. The gas wells spacing that contribute to the wells point should be predicted according to the field condition, such as organic fraction, density, reservoir capacity, and so on. The Multi-wells Co-optimizing Method (MWCOM) was developed for pre-accessing the collection system to increase the methane recovery efficiency. This method depend on the well spacing and well number and recovery efficiency as output variables to reach the optimum of the control of the pumping system to the gas. The application of the MWCOM was presented for vertical wells distribution in C.J.C. landfill in China. And the field measurement of gas production from running wells was investigated. The results show that the recovery efficiency can be largely increased by using the MWCOM. The recovery efficiency from field measurement was up to 74.5%–85.1% in the last two years. The method is validated by the comparison between the simulation and test results in four areas. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 972–977, 2014


text:
Resilience defined Simona de Silvestro's four years in IndyCar
Feb 14, 2014, 10:15 AM EST
Tough as nails. Resilient beyond belief. Personable beyond comprehension. Respected by her peers.
Although Simona de Silvestro didn't win a race in her four years in IndyCar, she ticked a lot of boxes to make her a fan and paddock favorite.
What sticks out to me most was her resiliency.
De Silvestro entered IndyCar in 2010 with Keith Wiggins' HVM Racing operation, a team with slightly-more-than shoestring finances. She entered after a crushing blow in the Formula Atlantic season finale a year earlier at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca, when she was taken out by another competitor on the first lap to cost her the title.
No matter. Her management team and support, from what was at the time Team Stargate Worlds, helped her take the next step in her open-wheel career. Meanwhile the others from Atlantic, Americans John Edwards and Jonathan Summerton, weren't able to.
Her new car just looked ragged watching it either on the ground on TV. But de Silvestro hustled it like nobody's business. She was Indianapolis 500 rookie-of-the-year, and some of her qualifying and race performances (Edmonton and Mid-Ohio in particular) were just sublime to watch.
The breakout should have happened in 2011, still with HVM but with new support from Nuclear Clean Air Energy and Entergy. Fourth place at St. Petersburg behind eventual KV Racing Technology teammate Tony Kanaan – in a race with its own subplot featuring de Silvestro's old engineer working with Kanaan in his first race with KV – heralded her as a star in the making. Ninth at Barber and fastest lap in Brazil were further proof.
Then Indianapolis 2011 happened, and quite honestly, it was hard to imagine her being able to recover fully from it. Her practice crash was her second fiery one on an oval (Texas 2010) and also cost her the team's new, improved chassis.
But the resilience emerged once again even in the unloved, heavier, older backup chassis that she qualified for the field before Bump Day. Working together with her PR rep Monica Hilton at HVM, the legend of Simona and "Pork Chop" was born.
Further results the rest of the year went begging… and the less said about 2012 with the Lotus engine the better. Except that when she had every opportunity to throw her engine manufacturer under the bus, she never did. That was the professional in her.
So, the breakout, part 2, was planned for 2013. And sixth place at St. Pete, with KV, battling Kanaan for what had been a podium position, was the first sign '13 was the finally year we'd all been waiting for.
To follow the narrative though, even though she finished in the top 10 in three of the first four races and battled through a tough midseason, the resilience returned again. She was one of the series' top-10 drivers on a consistent basis the last five races (finished top-10 in all five), and her first podium with second at Houston was no less than she or her supporters deserved.
In summation, then, 65 starts, three top-fives, and 14 top-10 finishes, a best start of third at St. Pete this year and a couple fastest race laps. Not great numbers on paper, but toss out the 15 starts from 2012 with the hapless Lotus sled in her car and you see she did overachieve at a rather good level given the equipment at her disposal.
Ultimately though, 13th in the final standings – as she was this year – was probably as good as it was going to get given her career struggles on ovals. She made strides, but with the field as deep as it is, it was the final mountain to hurdle. Even her best oval finish, eighth at the IndyCar season finale in Fontana, came after being caught up in an accident and merely surviving the high attrition rate. Her road and street course prowess, however, was very much evident.
For IndyCar, the loss is its second major driver gut-punch of the offseason, following Dario Franchitti's medically enforced retirement.
De Silvestro was liked by some because she was the "anti-Danica Patrick," who built her brand purely on her racing ability rather than her sex appeal. In interviews, de Silvestro often said she didn't want to be the next Danica, but the first Simona.
But she was also liked because of her down-to-earth nature, effervescent smile, and ability to wring as much as possible out of less than the top machinery.
De Silvestro and her management team deserve credit for sticking it out this long, and for her, F1 has always been the goal. At 25, she's far from "old," but when you consider she's older than almost half the field of 22, she's got another test of resilience to come.
But I've had the chance and privilege to cover her consistently since her first Atlantic season in 2007. Knowing her, she'll tackle it full on.
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