text:
An imaging electrode assembly for forming photoelectrophoretic images in automated machines. Various components surrounding the electrodes prepare them to aid in image formation. One roller electrode is driven past an imaging suspension applying and leveling apparatus, a suspension shearing apparatus and suitable surface wipers. Another roller electrode passes cleaning brushes and wetting apparatus to remove materials picked up on its surface during its action in the photoelectrophoretic imaging machine cycle.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Egnaczak et al.
1151 3,658,687 51 Apr. 25, 1972 APPARATUS FOR FORMING IMAGES WITH APPLICATOR, SHEARING, SMOOTHING AND CLEANING MEANS Raymond K. Egnaczak, Williamson; Gino F. Squassoni, Pittsford, both of NY.
Assignee: Xerox Corporation, Rochester, N.Y.
Filed: Nov. 14, 1969 App1.No.: 876,641
u.s. c1 ..204/300 1111. c1 ...B0lk 5/02 Field of Search .204/299, 300; 355/3, 4, 15, 355/17; 118/637 LX, 261, 203, 223, 224; 117/37 1.12,111;1o1/425,1e7
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Georges et a1. ..101l167 1/1916 Thornton... 8/1945 Babicz ..101/351 2,560,572 7/1951 Haywoodetal ..117/111 2,987,660 6/1961 Walkup ..355/3 3,468,248 9/1969 Giori ..101/425 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 938,349 10/1963 Great Britain ..1 17/37 L X Primary Examiner-Winston A. Douglas Assistant Examiner-M. J. Andrews Anorney-1ames J. Ralabate, David C. Petre and Barry Jay Kesselman [5 7] ABSTRACT An imaging electrode assembly for forming photoelectrophoretic images in automated machines. Various components surrounding the electrodes prepare them to aid in image formation. One roller electrode is driven past an imaging suspension applying and leveling apparatus, a suspension shearing apparatus and suitable surface wipers. Another roller electrode passes cleaning brushes and wetting apparatus to remove materials picked up on its surface during its action in the photoelectrophoretic imaging machine cycle.
26 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures Patented April 25, 1972 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS GI NO F. SQUASSONI RAYMOND 'K. EGN ACZAK A TTORNEY Patented April 25, 1972 5 Sheets-=Sheet 3 Patented April 25, 1972 3,658,687
5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented April 25, 1972 3,658,687
5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 6
APPARATUS FOR FORMING IMAGES WITH APPLICATOR, SHEARING, SMOOTHING AND CLEANING MEANS This invention relates to imaging systems and more specifically to an improved imaging electrode assembly.
Recently, a new invention was disclosed for forming black and white or full color images through the use of photoelectrophoresis. The inventions described in US. Pat. Nos. 3,384,488; 3,384,566 and 3,383,993 disclose a system where photoelectrophoretic particles migrate in image configuration providing a visual image at one or both of two electrodes between which the particles are placed in suspension. Thy particles are photosensitive and apparently undergo a net change in charge polarity or a polarity alteration by interaction with one of the electrodes upon exposure to activating electromagnetic radiation. No other photosensitive elements or materials are required; hence, this provides a very simple and inexpensive imaging technique. Mixtures of two or more differently colored particles can secure various colors of images. Particles in these mixes may have overlapping or separate spectral response curves and are usable in subtractive color synthesis. The particles will migrate from one of the electrodes under the influence of an electric field when struck with energy of a wavelength within the spectral response of the colored particles.
Apparatus has been invented to better utilizes the above process. For example, a continuous imaging machine was disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,427,242 depicts apparatus for utilizing the photoelectrophoretic process of the above patents. Copending application Ser. No. 876,976 filed on Nov. 12, 1969 in the names of Raymond K. Egnaczak and Gino F. Squassoni and entitled Automated Imaging Machine is a more sophisticated embodiment of a machine utilizing the new process to produce true color reproductions of original documents or the like. In order to form a particularly good image with the apparatus described therein one or more imaging electrodes must interfere with the injecting electrode or imaging member under the proper conditions for photoelectrophoretic imaging to occur. This must be accomplished automatically and precisely with proper components engaged for processing to be achieved.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to improve imag' ing electrode mechanisms.
Another object of this invention is to automatically provide imaging suspension at the imaging member under the proper electrophoretic conditions.
Another object of this invention is to ink and clean electrodes for use in automated photoelectrophoretic imaging systems.
Yet another object of this invention is to supply imaging suspension ready for imaging between electrodes of a photoelectrophoretic imaging system.
These and other objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a preferred embodiment of a machine for forming photoelectrophoretic images;
FIG. 2 is a plan view partially broken away to show hidden parts of the imaging electrode assembly;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side view, with hidden parts dotted, of the imaging electrode module;
FIG. 5 is a side view, with hidden parts dotted, of the imaging electrode module as viewed from the side opposite FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a partially sectioned view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 2.
The invention herein is illustrated and described in a preferred environment embodiment operating in conjunction with other apparatus to automatically and continuously produce images of predetermined optical objects. Nevertheless, the invention need not be confined to such an embodiment and should be construed broadly within the limitations of the claims. It may be that other processes or apparatus will be invented having similar needs to those fulfilled by the apparatus described and claimed herein and it is the intention herein to describe an invention for use in other apparatus than in the embodiment shown. Various specific apparatus is described for accomplishing a particular function but any equivalent structure can be substituted and still be within the scope of the invention.
OPERATION OF THE BASIC PHOTOELECTROPI-IORETIC SYSTEM A detailed description of the operation and theories relating to the actual imaging system automated by this invention and discussing the interaction of the photoelectrophoretic particles in the suspension used for image formation is found in the above cited patents. The imaging system therein described and which can be employed in the apparatus described herein operates by producing electromagnetic radiation in image configuration to which the individual photoelectrophoretic particles within the suspension are sensitive. The activating radiation and an electric field across the imaging suspension combine between two electrodes in the imaging area. An electrode referred to as the transparent injecting electrode is maintained electrically positive relative to imaging electrodes interfacing with it at the imaging area across the photosensitive suspension. Therefore, particles within the suspension that are negatively charged will be attracted to the relatively positive, transparent injecting electrode.
The injecting electrode is so named because it is thought to inject electrical charges into activated photosensitive particles during imaging. The term photosensitive for the purposes of this invention refers to the property of a particle which, once attracted to the injecting electrode, will alter its polarity and migrate away from the electrode under the influence of an applied electric field when exposed to activating electromagnetic radiation. The term suspension" may be defined as a system having solid particles dispersed in a solid, liquid or gas. Nevertheless, the suspension used in the embodiment of this invention described herein is of the general type having a solid suspended in a liquid carrier. The term imaging electrode is used to describe that electrode which interfaces with the injecting electrode through the suspension and which once contacted by activated photosensitive particles will not inject sufficient charge into them to cause them to migrate from the imaging electrode surface. The imaging zone" or imaging area is that zone between two electrodes where photoelectrophoretic imaging occurs.
The particles within the suspension are generally insulating when not struck by activating radiation within their spectral response curve. The negative particles come into contact with or are closely adjacent to the injecting electrode and remain in that position under the influence of the applied electric field until they are exposed to activating electromagnetic radiation. The particles near the surface of the injecting electrode make up the potential imaging particles for the final image to be reproduced thereon. When activating radiation strikes the particles, it makes them conductive creating an electrical junction of charge carriers which may be considered mobile in nature. The negative charge carriers of the electrical junction orient themselves toward the positive injecting electrode while the positive charge carriers move toward the imaging electrode. The negative charge carriers near the particle-electrode interface at the injecting electrode can move across the short distance between the particle and the surface of the electrode leaving the particle with a net positive charge. These polarity altered, net positively charged particles are now repelled away from the positive surface of the injecting electrode and are attracted to the negative surface of the imaging electrode. Accordingly, the particles struck by activating radiation of a wavelength with which they are sensitive, i.e., a wavelength which will cause the formation of an electrical junction within the particles, move away from the injecting electrode to the imaging electrode leaving behind only particles which are not exposed to sufficient electromagnetic radiation in their responsive range to undergo this change.
Consequently, if all the particles in the system are sensitive to one wavelength of light or another and the system is exposed to an image with that wavelength of light, a positive image will be formed on the surface of the injecting electrode by the subtraction of bound particles from its surface leaving behind particles in the unexposed areas only. The polarities on the system can be reversed and imaging will occur. The system may be operated with dispersions of particles which initially take on a net positive charge or a net negative charge.
The imaging suspension may contain one, two, three or more different particles of various colors having various ranges of spectral response. In a monochromatic system the particles includedin the suspension may be of any color and produce any color and the particle spectral response is relatively immaterial as long as there is a response in some region of the spectrum which can be matched by a convenient radiation exposure source. In polychromatic systems the particles may be selected so that particles of different colors respond to different wavelengths.
For photoelectrophoretic imaging to occur, these steps (not necessarily listed in the sequence that they occur) take place: (1) migration of the particles toward the injecting electrode due to the influence of the field, (2) the generation of charge carriers within the particles when struck with activating radiation, (3) particle deposition on or near the injecting electrode surface (4) phenomena associated with the forming of an electrical junction between the particles and the injecting electrode, (5) particle charge exchange with the injecting electrode, (6) electrophoretic migration toward the imaging elec trode, and (7) particle deposition on the imaging electrode. This leaves a positive image on the injecting electrode.
After the image is formed on the injecting electrode the electrode may be brought into interface with a transfer member which has a charge polarity opposite to that of the imaging electrode. The injecting electrode is now maintained negative relative to the transfer member. The particles having a net negative charge will be attracted to the relatively positive transfer member. If a support material is interposed between the transfer member and the particle image, the particles will be attracted to the support material. Therefore, a photographically positive image can be formed on any support material.
THE MACHINE COMPONENTS a layer of optically transparent glass 4 overcoated with a thin optically transparent layer 5 of tin oxide or other electrically conducting material. A particular material suitable for this electrode is available under the name of NESA glass manufactured by Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. The injecting electrode 1 is formed as a portion of a cylinder housed within the metal housing frame 2.
The machine shown schematically in FIG. 1 is positioned where the injecting electrode cylinder portion is about to be rotated in a predetermined path to a cleaning station labeled A whereat a plurality of cleaning members such as belts 6, 7 and 8 contact the conductive surface 5 of the injecting electrode. On the opposite side of the injecting electrode held stationary within the machine frame are lamps 9, l0 and 11 juxtaposed to the belts 6, 7 and 8 respectively. When activated, the lamps send flood light illumination through the transparent injecting electrode at the contact areas between the electrode and the cleaning belts. Each of the belts are activated by one of the cylinders l2, l3 and 14 to contact the injecting electrode 1. These cylinders operate to press the belts against the conductive surface of the injecting electrode in order to clean it.
The next station in the path of movement of the injecting electrode is the imaging station B. Here, on the first pass of the injecting electrode 1 through station B the first imaging member, the imaging electrode 16 interfaces with the conductive surface 5 of the injecting electrode 1.
The optical system at station'C projects an image to the imaging zone between the electrodes 1 and 16 at station 8. The optical system has a lamp carriage l7 journaled at an axis 18 to oscillate in a path indicated by the arrows. A document 20 is positioned at the platen 19. The lamps are shown at the start of scan position and as the injecting electrode 1 passes through the imaging area at station B the lamps move across the platen l9 projecting an image at station B through suitable mirrors 21-23, a lens 24 and the transparent electrode 1.
The imaging electrode roller 16 moves in rolling interface relation with the conductive surface 5 of the injecting elec trode '1 and functions both to supply suspension to the inject ing electrode and to image that suspension between the injecting electrode surface 5 and the surface of the electrode 16.
The injecting electrode continues to rotate at a constant velocity through a complete rotation of the predetermined path. It travels without interacting with any elements located around the periphery of the path until it again reaches station B at the imaging zone. Now, however, the injecting electrode 16 has been moved out of its interfacing position by operation of a cylinder 25 which lowers the electrode 16 and the housing 26 supporting it. Further, a cylinder 27 moves a carriage 28 along a horizontal path carrying with it the housing 26 which supports the imaging electrode 16. Also moved in the carriage 28 is a second imaging member, the imaging electrode 29 within a housing 30 maintaining it. A cylinder 31 operates through aneccentric 32 to raise the housing 30 and the second imaging electrode 29 at the imaging zone at the imaging station B of the machine. The second imaging electrode 29 moves in rolling interface with the injecting electrode surface 5 as that surface passes through the imaging station B. At this time the original 20 on the platen l9-is again illuminated by the scanning lamps 33 at the optical system station C. The scan is synchronized with the movement of the injecting electrode to project a flowing image in registration with the first projection and moving at the same rate as is the surface 5 at the imaging zone.
The injecting electrode 1 then passes into the transfer station D. At station D is a transfer roller 40. A sheet of support material held in the supply tray 41 is lifted therefrom and is carried through a vacuum transport 42 to the transfer roller 40. It is gripped by a gripper mechanism 43 on the transfer roller 40 and rotated to the injecting electrode 1 passing at station D. Before the sheet '44 contacts the surface 5 of the injecting electrode 1 it is moistened with a liquid that will aid in transferring the particles of the suspension on the surface 5. The wetting is accomplished by a wetting bar 45 rotated in a pool of suitable wetting material held within a tank 46. The transfermember 40 rotates the support material 44 in rolling contact with the surface 5 of the injecting electrode 1 under the influence of a suitable electric field causing the particles forming the image on the injecting electrode to be transferred to the support material. The support material is removed from the transfer member by picker fingers 47 and a release mechanism on the grippers. Next it is carried on a vacuum transport 48 to a fixing station E where it is heated or otherwise fixed to form a permanently bonded image on the support material which is then deposited in some suitable receptacle.
THE IMAGING ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY The image forming process occurs in the imaging zone at station B at the interfacing between the injecting electrode 1 and an imaging electrode. It is at this interface that the photoelectrophoretic pigments are brought between the injecting and the imaging electrodes for processing under an applied field and image radiation coming from the optical system at station C.
The imaging electrode module fits between two machine frames 100 and 101. The unit slides along a set of guide rails 102 and 103 by nylon or other low friction material rollers 104 and 105 mounted on the module carriage 28 to permit easy shuttling of the carriage back and forth along the rails 102 and 103. Other guide rollers 106 and 107 fit into rails along the bottom machine frame 108 and are fastened along the bottom of the carriage 28 to aid in the movement of the carriage relative to the machine frames 'and the injecting electrode.
The entire carriage 28 is shuttled back and forth by a cylinder 27 mounted through a clevis mount 109 to the machine bottom frame 108. The extreme position of the cylinder 27 movement is determined by an adjustable carriage return stop 111 which interacts with a flange 112 on the carriage bracket 113. The carriage side walls 114 and 115 are the module boundaries of the imaging electrode unit and have the guide rollers 104 and 105 protruding therefrom. Mounted on and actually formed as part of the carriage are the first and second electrode imaging tanks 26 and 30 respectively.
Within the first imaging electrode tank is the imaging electrode 16 mounted on its shaft 116 fastened at each end of the imaging tank through end caps 117 and 118 fitted into the tank side walls 119 and 120 respectively. The first imaging tank 26 itself is broken into two sections. The first is the suspension applicator section which houses the first imaging electrode 16 and mechanisms to apply and treat imaging suspension to it. The tank is composed of an end and middle wall 121 and 122 respectively and a bottom plate 123. The second section of the first imaging electrode tank is the mount section which is open at its end and adapted for maintaining various connections motors and the like used in the function of the invention.
Located in the applicator section of the first imaging electrode tank are the mechanisms necessary to form a layer of suspension on the first imaging electrode 16 for imaging at the imaging zone. There is a suspension supplying brush 125 which is adapted to supply imaging suspension to the roller 16 from a supply thereof held within the first imaging tank. The imaging suspension supply brush 125 brings the suspension from the bottom of the applicator portion of the tank 26 to the surface of the first imaging electrode 16. The brush is mounted on a shaft 126 which is supported through bearings in the first imaging tank walls 119 and 120.
In order to ensure that a smooth layer of suspension reaches the intersection of the first imaging electrode with the injecting electrode, a smoothing rod such as a wound wire rod 127 is made to move into interface with the imaging electrode 16. The rod can be grooved, smooth, knurled or have any surface for pressing a uniform thin layer of suspension. The smoothing rod is mounted by two support arms 128 and 129 to a pivot shaft 130 which protrudes through the arms 128 and 129 into the side walls 119 and 120 of the first imaging electrode tank. The pivot shaft 130 is preferably a torque tube which aids in applying uniform force across the smoothing rod functioning with the surface of the first imaging electrode 16. The torque tube passes through suitable bearings extending through the tank wall 119 and joins with a crank arm 131 pressed onto it.
Next in the path of rotation of the first imaging electrode 16 after the contact with the suspension applying brush 125 and the smoothing rod 127 is interaction with the shear roll 134. The reason for optionally applying a shear roll against the imaging suspension prior to imaging is included because certain imaging suspensions operate to form better color images after a shear stress has been applied thereto. For a detailed explanation of the theories relative to this phenomena and alternative mechanisms usable therewith see copending application Ser. No. 764,721 filed in the name of E. Zucker on Oct. 3, 1968 and entitled Imaging Process. The shear roll 134 is moved into and out of operating relationship with the first imaging electrode 116 as required by the following mechanism. The roller is mounted on a shear roll shaft 135 which in turn is held through a bearing to crank arm 137 and through a similar bearing to a similar crank arm on the opposite end of the shaft. Greater detail for this mechanism is shown in FIG. 6. Also mounted through to the crank arm 137 is the torque tube 138. The drive shaft 140 of the torque tube 138 slips through the bearing 139 in the crank arm 137. The torque tube 138, however, is wedded to the crank arm 137 and that is the driving mechanism to rotate the crank arm and the shear roll into a position of contact with the first imaging electrode. The torque tube shaft passes through the tank wall through an Oilite bearing.
On the outboard side of the tank wall 120 the shaft mounts to a timing belt pulley 142 which is driven by a timing belt 143. The pulley 142 is separated from the torque tube shaft 138 by a bearing 144. That bearing functions with bearing 145 to turn the sprocket 146 for rapidly rotating the shear roll 134 through a chain 147 and a driven sprocket 148 mounted on the shaft of the shear roll 134. The shaft of the torque tube is prevented from moving relative to the pulley sprocket combination (142,146) by a collar 149 mounted on the extreme outboard side ot the torque tube shaft.
The shear roll is electrically biased relative to the first imaging electrode 16 in order to create better shearing effects as described in the above mentioned copending application Ser. No. 764,721 but is not shown in the drawings.
A knife edge blade 150 is next in the path of movement of the first imaging electrode 16. This contacts the first imaging electrode when the electrode is out of imaging position. The blade 150 functions to prevent imaging suspension from traveling around the path of travel of the surface of the imagining electrode when there is no need for imaging suspension in the machine cycle. The blade is fitted in acrank arm 151 which is normally positioned to keep the blade out of contact with the first imaging electrode. The crank arm 151 is formed with two flanges 152 and 153 which contact a torque tube 154 used for moving the knife edge blade 150 against the surface of the first imaging electrode uniformly. The torque tube shaft 155 passes through suitable bearings through the side walls 119 and 120 of the first imaging electrode tank and at one end of the crank arm 156 which rotates the torque tube. The knife blade edge 150 is brought into and out of contact with the first imaging electrode surface through these connections in an operation described below.
The remaining section of the first imaging electrode tank 26 maintains the shear roll drive motor 157 mounted to the bottom plate 123 of the first imaging electrode tank and connected through a drive sprocket 158 to the timing belt 143 used to drive the shear roller 134.
The last component interacting with'the surface of the first imaging electrode 116 is a squeegee blade 159 held in a block 160 that functions to scrape off unused pigment and suspension from the first imaging electrode 16. The block is machined down to an eccentric shaft end 161 which is held in a setting arm 162 adjusted to a predetermined pressure by a screw 163 passing through a threaded receptacle in the setting arm 162 and resting against a stop 164 mounted to the tank wall 119. A tension spring 165 maintains the setting arm 162 in the proper position.
Reference has been made to the surface of the first imaging electrode 16. The surface 166 is formed of a material having a resistivity of 10 ohms-cm. or greater that is necessary to maintain the proper electrical field conditions for imaging at the imaging zone. The surface 166 is formed of such blocking material as Tedlar, a polyvinylfluoride film, available from 15.1. DuPont de Nemours & Co. or baryta paper or the like. The backing for the surface material 166 is an electrically conductive rubber-like material 167 that is capable of being deformed when contacting the injecting electrode in the imaging zone.
The same structure exist with the second imaging roller 29 which has a high resistivity surface 168 and a deformable inner core 169. Therefore, the second imaging roller 29 has an outer covering 168 of the same blocking material as the outer covering 166 of the first imaging electrode. The second imaging electrode is mounted on a shaft 170 which passes through the side wall 171 at end cap 172 and through the side wall 173 at the end cap 174. Each of the end caps maintaining the imaging electrodes are constructed with bearings so that the shafts and the electrodes thereon may be rotated freely in the end caps. The function of the second imaging electrode is to remove unwanted background particles from the image formed on the injecting electrode and to generally improve the image on the injecting electrode. It has no suspension addition function as does the first imaging electrode.
in order to best accomplish the purposes of the second imaging electrode it has been found beneficial to coat the surface with afluid similar to, if not exactly the same as the carrier liquid of the imaging suspension. Therefore, the brushes 175 and 176 function to remove liquid from the outer surface of the second imaging electrode. The liquid is maintained in the bottom of the second imaging electrode tank 30. A wiper blade 177 is held'in a mounting block 178 in contact with the surface 168 to remove the liquid therefrom. This prevents contaminated liquid from entering the imaging zone. Each of the cleaning brushes 175 and 176 have shafts 179 and 180, respectively, that pass through the side walls of the second imaging electrode cleaning tank 30. Mounted on the bottom plate 181 of the tank is a motor bracket 182 housing a motor 183 which operates to turn the cleaning brushes 175 and 176.
One of the tank walls 184 has a liquid dispenser near the top thereof. The liquid used to coat the surface 168 of the second imaging electrode is squirted through a slot 185 running across the entire length of the wall 184. This permits fresh liquid to be added to the system for use with the second imaging electrode. The liquid enters the slot from the inlet.187 shown in FIG. 4. I
In the operation of the imaging electrode module the carriage 28 is shuttled back and forth beneath the injecting electrode. Either the first imaging electrode 16 or the second imaging electrode 29 is thereby positioned for interfacing with the injecting electrode at station 8 where light rays from the object are projected. This is done by raising either the first or second imaging electrode tanks will all of the associated components therein. As shown in the figures, the tanks are shuttled by the cylinder 27 to a position where the first imaging electrode will interface with the injecting electrode when the latter is at station B along its path. The first imaging electrode tank 26 is raised up from its neutral downward position. This is accomplished by means of the cylinder 25 connected through a clevis mount to a crank arm 190 which is fixably attached to a shaft 191 maintaining an eccentric 192 thereon.
The first imaging electrode tank 26 being moved by the operation of the cylinder 25 in cooperation with the eccentric 192 is maintained for balance on a second eccentric fastened on a shaft 193 also located under the first imaging electrode tank 26. When the cylinder 25 is operated it rotates the shaft 191 through the crank arm 190. Besides lifting the tank on the eccentric 192, a chain 194 over a sprocket 195 mounted on the shaft 191 drives another sprocket 196 rotating the shaft 193 with an eccentric thereon. This double shaft-eccentric arrangement is beneficial since the tank contains heavy equipment at the one end, namely, the first imaging electrode and its associated apparatus, and heavy equipment on the other end including the shear roller motor 157. It is important to keep the tank balanced to prevent spillage of materials held within the tank and to ensure proper positioning between the first imaging electrode and the injecting electrode.
The operation of the various associated apparatus with each of the electrodes is accomplished by use of pneumatics although any other suitable mechanisms such as hydraulics, electrical or mechanical means may be used to function in a manner similar to the functioning described with the apparatus shown in this preferred embodiment.
During the operation of the machine, the first imaging electrode 16 is positioned under the imaging zone ready for operative interfacing with the injecting electrode 1. As the injecting electrode 1 moves into the contact area at station 8, the cylinder 25 is actuated pulling the crank arm 190 therewith and moving the eccentrics 191 and 193 to a position where the first imaging tank 26 rests on the rise of the eccentrics. The entire tank moves upward a predetermined amount to give the proper interfacing positioning between the injecting electrode surface and the imaging electrode 16. The imaging suspension is continually supplied to the surface 166 of the first imaging electrode and the smoothing rod sends a metered amount of imaging suspension to the shear roll 134. The smoothing rod 127 is held at a predetermined pressure contact through the suspension to the electrode surface 166 by setting the torque tube shaft 131 from a crank arm 250 held in position by a spring 251.
The shear roll mechanism is actuated by bringing the roll 134 into contact with the suspension on the surface 166 of the first imaging electrode. The shear torque tube 138 is mounted on the crank arm 252 which, through the clevis mount 253 which secures it to a cylinder 254. When the cylinder 254 is actuated it causes the shear roller 134 to swing into contact with the first imaging electrode 16 through the linkages described.
The knife blade edge is removed from surface contact with the imaging electrode 16 and the now applied metered and sheared suspension is moved into the imaging zone to selectively be deposited on the injecting electrode 1 in image configuration. The suspension not forming part of the image transported away on the injecting electrode 1 moves with the imaging electrode 16 into contact with the squeegee 159 held in the block 160. Here it is removed from the surface 166 before new imaging suspension is applied by the application brush 125.
After the injecting electrode 1 passes through the imaging zone, the cylinder 25 is de-energized, lowering the first image electrode tank 26. The carriage shuttling cylinder 27 is now energized pulling the carriage 28 and both the imaging tanks 26 and 30 to the right as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 3. The cylinder stops this movement when the second imaging electrode tank 30 is positioned to have the second imaging electrode 29 directly under the imaging zone.
As the injecting electrode 1 again passes the imaging zone, the second imaging electrode tank 30 is moved upward by actuating the cylinder 31 and rotating the eccentric 211 to raise the second imaging tank on the high position of that eccentric. When the second imaging electrode 29 moves in the imaging zone it has been sprayed with a fluid that is either similar to, or exactly the same as, the liquid carrier of the imaging suspension. This helps to loosen the particles that should be removed from the image held on the injecting electrode 1. Since the movement is under the same imaging conditions as existed with the first imaging electrode 16 interface, the image on the injecting electrode surface 3 is reinforced by removing the particles struck by the activating radiation from the flowing image projected from the optical system at station C.
As the second imaging electrode 29 rotates in its path of movement, the surface 168 is cleaned of all residual suspension by the action of the cleaning brushes and 176. The surface is wiped clean and relatively dry by the action of the squeegee blade 177 held within the squeegee block 178. The contaminated liquid removed from the surface 168 of the second imaging electrode 29 is removed (by means not shown) from the second imaging electrode tank 30 to be filtered or in other ways processed for return through the spray system in the wall 184 of the second imaging electrode tank.
After the injecting electrode 1 passes through the imaging zone, the second electrode tank 30 is dropped to its rest position by de-activation of the cylinder 31. The cylinder 27 is once again actuated so that the tanks shuttle back to their original position where the imaging cycle may be restarted.
While the first imaging electrode 16 is not in the imaging position, that is, while the cylinder 25 is de-activated, the knife blade edge 150 is moved to contact the surface 166 of the first imaging electrode. This is done by activating the cylinder 255 moving the crank arm 156 to the right as shown in FIG. 4.
The cylinders referred to herein may be hydraulic or pneumatic or may be replaced by electrical means such as solenoids or mechanical means such as cams. Even combinations of the above may be used for achieving the functions required to fulfill the description given herein.
The required electric potential is supplied through an electrical connector 215 and electrical contact brushes 216 which contact the shaft 116 of the first imaging electrode. (The electrical source is not shown but should be sufficient to generate between approximately 300 v. and 5,000 v. at the surface of the imaging electrodes when contacting the injecting electrode).
The apparatus around the second imaging electrode 29 is not cammed or moved in and out of contact with the second imaging electrode 29 nor is it cycle dependent as are some of the components around the first imaging electrode 16. Both cleaning brushes 175 and 176 maintain continual contact with the surface 169 of the second imaging electrode 29. The squeegee 177 maintains a continuous pressure contact with the surface 169 of the second imaging electrode and that pressure is predetermined by adjustment of the squeegee mount 178. The desired pressure contact setting is achieved by positioning a crank arm 220 by turning a set screw 221 and maintaining the proper position by a tension spring 222. The crank arm 220 is connected to the eccentric shaft 223 of the squeegee mount 178. The shaft 179 of the cleaning brush 175 and shaft 180 of the cleaning brush 176 are mounted through bearings in each of the side walls of the second imaging tank 30. An electrical potential is supplied to the shaft 170 of the second imaging electrode by an electrical connector 225 through electrical contact brushes 226.
The cleaning brushes are driven by the motor 183 through a driving sprocket 230 which moves the chain 231 and the driven sprocket 232 connected to the shaft 179 of the cleaning brush 175. Connected to a sprocket coaxial with the sprocket 232 is a chain 233 which drives the sprocket 234 turning the shaft 180 of the other cleaning brush 176. An idler 235 maintains the chain 233 on the sprockets.
Both the imaging rollers are driven by a single chain coming off the main drive system of the machine. The chain 240 drives sprocket 241 on the first imaging electrode and sprocket 242 on the second imaging electrode such that the electrodes move in synchronism with the injecting electrode when there is contact between the two. An idler 243 maintained on the idler arm 244 ensures that the chain 240 will not slip off the sprockets 241 and 242. Since the sprockets, like the imaging electrodes which they rotate move relative to each, this idler is beneficial in maintaining the chain over suffrcient teeth of the sprocket to prevent the chain from slipping off the sprockets they drive.
While this invention has been described with reference to the structures disclosed herein and while certain theories have been expressed to explain the experimentally obtainable results obtained, it is not confined to the details set forth; and this application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the purposes of the improvements or the scope of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In an apparatus for forming images by means of electrophoretic particle suspensions, including means to present activating electromagnetic radiation to the particle suspension and first and second electrodes for forming an image on one of said electrodes by exposure of suspension particles at an interface position therebetween to electromagnetic radiation and an electric field, the improvement in combination therewith including;
said second electrode being partially electrically conductive and having the surface thereof being movable through a predetermined path including the interface position with said first electrode; a tank in which said second electrode is mounted for movement of its surface through the interface position;
applicator means for supplying the electrophoretic suspension to the second electrode surface along the predetermined path prior to the interface position, and
means to couple said second electrode to an electrical source capable of supplying an electric field between the first and second electrodes at the interface position.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further including drive means capable of moving the surface of said second electrode past said applicator means and the interface position.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 said second electrode having operatively associated therewith cleaning means for removing residual suspension from the second electrode surface along the predetermined path downstream from the interface positron.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said cleaning means includes a squeegee blade for contacting said second electrode surface.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 further including a block having said squeegee blade fitted therein and means attached to said block to move said squeegee blade relative to the surface of said second electrode surface.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said second electrode has further associated therewith a knife blade adapted for contacting the second electrode at a position along its path upstream from the interface position.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 including a torque tube to apply substantially uniform pressure between the knife blade and the second electrode surface during contact therebetween.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 further including means to move said knife blade into and out of contact with said second electrode.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said second electrode surface has operatively associated therewith shearing means adapted for applying shear forces along the path of movement of the surface upstream from the interface position.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 including means to periodically move said shearing means into and out of operable interfacing with said second electrode surface.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 including means to drive said shearing means independently of the movement of the second electrode.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 including means to apply substantially uniform pressure between said second electrode surface and said shearing means during contact therebetween.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means to apply substantially uniform pressure includes a torque tube.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said applicator means includes rotatable means in virtual contact with the second electrode surface to coat electrophoretic suspension materials thereon, and smoothing means to meter the materials passing between the smoothing means and the second electrode surface, said smoothing means positioned downstream from said applicator means relative to the movement of the second electrode surface.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said smoothing means is a rod.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 further including means to rotate said smoothing means into and out of operative interfacing with said second electrode surface.
l7. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said means to rotate said smoothing rod includes means to apply substantially uniform pressure between said smoothing means and said second electrode surface.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 including means to adjust the uniform pressure between said smoothing means and said second electrode.
19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the means to apply substantially uniform pressure includes a torque tube.
20. In apparatus for forming images by means of exposing electrophoretic particle suspensions to activating electromagnetic radiation and an electric field, the improvement in combination therewith including;
an electrode being partially electrically conductive and having the surface thereof being movable through a predetermined path adpated to interface with a member at an imaging zone;
a tank in which said electrode is mounted for movement of its surface through the imaging zone;
means to apply a liquid to the electrode surface upstream from the imaging zone;
means to clean the surface of said electrode, and
means to couple said electrode to an electrical source capable of supplying an electric field between the electrode and the member at the imaging zone.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 including drive means to move said electrode.
22. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said means to clean includes at least one cleaning member positioned within said tank to contact the surface of said electrode.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 further including a squeegee adjustably positioned within said tank to contact the surface of said electrode downstream from said cleaning member.
24. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said means to apply a liquid is housed in a wall of said tank having an aperture therein such that the liquid is dispensed through the aperture to the electrode surface downstream from the imaging zone position.
25. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said electrode is cylindrically shaped.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said cylindrically shaped electrode is a roller.
II I t
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Climate change – heat waves, water shortages, and reduced flexibility – poses huge risks for electric utility infrastructure.
Starting a Fire
Utilities cut support for climate-change deniers.
Air Act as long as there's a chance Congress will enact climate legislation. But Senators who now are considering the legislation don't want to give their opponents ammunition on the campaign trail, so they're reluctant to enact strong, unambiguous policy without clear support from voters. That support never will arrive, especially with America's leaders delaying and dissembling, and with professional skeptics spreading distrust and disinformation.
We can end this right now. By following the examples of Exelon, PG&E and PNM—by calling for a bankable climate policy and cutting off support for the opponents of that policy—utilities and financial institutions can clarify the issue for lawmakers.
When it comes to climate change, all the melting permafrost and disappearing polar bears in the world won't turn public opinion. We are the equivalent of the Cuyahoga River. The fire has already started. It's time to stoke the blaze.

subset: commoncrawl


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K-Hill - Best New Songs, Albums, & Features
Listen to the best new songs and albums from K-Hill as well as features written by the DJ Booth Staff. Last updated on March 27, 2013
Song: The Geechi's Over
From scholars and pundits to fellow entertainers (including some of the game's most prominent emcees), commentators have never been shy about calling out hip-hop artists they believe are bringing black culture down.... More
Posted one year ago
Song: Power of the Tongue II
I must have a dirty mind, because when I hit "play" on K-Hill's latest single, I was fully expecting to hear the First in Flight State rapper, producer and CEO brag about his oral skills for three-and-a-half... More
Posted one year ago
Artist: DJ K.O.
Featuring: Silent Knight | Jered Sanders | MadKem | Justin Bates | K-Hill | East
Song: Stand Up!
Whether it's his work on 2008's star-studded Picture This project or his forthcoming album EMPBeTheTeam, the goal for DJ K.O. has always been crystal clear; to make, "good, old-fashioned Hip-Hop." Whatever... More
Posted 2 years ago
Song: The Covenant
An up-and-coming emcee, producer and indie label head hailing from the First in Flight State, K-Hill introduces himself to our pages with the latest single off his forthcoming full-length. The Covenant finds MadWreck cooking... More
Posted 2 years ago
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DJBooth TV
Discover the best new songs, videos, and albums added to the Booth.


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Black Friday shopping tips
My BF broke up with me and has ignored me ever since. Why?
Be a pro pet sitter!
The biggest OMG celeb moments of the week
Feel-Good Friday: An unlikely friendship between a cute baby and a cute baby sloth
GL's Friends Gift Guide: Exactly what to get your besties for under $20
5 ways to spice up your ponytail
How to ditch that embarrassing dandruff sitch
Can your bud truly count on you?
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Kirby Buckets Clip
More Friends = More Fun
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The windswept side braid
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The tiara braid
You'll feel just like a princess with this
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Nexxus Comb Thru Natural Hold
Design and Finishing Mist, $11, ulta.com
The herringbone crown
Regular braided crowns not difficult enough
for you? Try your hand at Diana Agron's delightfully intricate-looking fishtail
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Use natural-colored bobby pins to secure everything, and this look will come
across as seamless.
Tip: Separate out about a three-inch band of
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everything else up in to a simple, low chignon or leave it loose for a more
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The braid knot
Amanda Seyfried's little topknot may not be
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look with minimal extra effort.
Bumble & bumble Let it
Shine (on and on) Finishing spray, $15, sephora.com
POSTED IN Taylor Swift, Celebs, star style, beauty, hair, how to, tips, cheap, best products
Teenage girl...and assassin nun? Meet Annith in Mortal Heart
Mortal Heart—the third and final chapter in the His Fair Assassin trilogy—follows a trio of teen girls trained in the dark arts of spying and murder. CLICK HERE to catch up on the first two books...and get a sneak peek at the gripping conclusion in Mortal Heart.


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GRAINS-Soybeans at record top on shrinking supply, stimulus hopes
* Front-month soy hits record high of $17.94-3/4 * Tightening supplies, strong demand buoy market * Rising hopes of stimulus support commodities * Brazil running out of soy, exports drop in August (Updates prices) By Naveen Thukral SINGAPORE, Sept 4 (Reuters) - Chicago soybeans climbed to a record high on Tuesday as falling exports from Brazil highlighted the decline in global supplies after poor production in South America and a historic drought in the United States. Corn and wheat jumped around 1 percent with rising expectations of global economic stimulus measures underpinning the commodity markets, including oil and metals. Brazil exported 1.96 million tonnes of soybeans in the first four weeks of August, down from 4.13 million tonnes shipped in all of July, according to trade ministry data. Brazil is the world's second-largest exporter and the decline in its sales means demand will intensify for oilseeds from the United States and other origins. "We are still pricing in tight soybean supplies going forward," said Victor Thianpiriya, agricultural commodity strategist at ANZ in Singapore. "Exports from Brazil have dropped sharply which goes to show that they are running out of beans and it means a lot more demand for U.S. beans." Chicago Board of Trade front-month soybeans rose 1.7 percent to a record high of $17.94-3/4 a bushel while actively traded November contract rose 1.6 percent to $17.84-3/4 a bushel. December corn added 1 percent to $8.07-1/2 a bushel and December wheat gained 0.9 percent to $8.97-3/4 a bushel. Demand for soybeans remains strong even at record high prices, with buyers snapping up cargoes from the United States, Brazil and Argentina, the three countries which account for 90 percent of global exports. A U.S. Department of Agriculture report had pegged export sales of soybeans at 721,400 tonnes for the week before last, near the high end of forecasts for 600,000 to 800,000 tonnes. Thai feed mills have bought up to 1 million tonnes of South American soymeal in deals signed in the past few weeks, traders told Reuters at an industry conference in Thailand last week. There was additional support for soybeans, corn and wheat on hopes the European Central Bank will unveil a plan to tackle the region's debt crisis later this week. Asian shares eased on Tuesday on concerns over weakening regional and global economic activity, but expectations of more stimulus from central banks and hopes for progress in tackling Europe's debt crisis lent support. The wheat market was supported by strong global demand with Egypt, the world's biggest importer, buying 355,000 tonnes of Russian, Ukrainian and Romanian over the weekend. Black Sea wheat has been sought after over the past few weeks, boosting expectations that Russia will curb exports amid dwindling domestic supplies, although the government denied on Friday it was planning to limit sales. A majority international traders polled by Reuters last week, however, still expect Russia to impose export restrictions as soon as October. Prices at 0551 GMT Contract Last Change Pct chg MA 30 RSI CBOT wheat 897.75 8.25 +0.93% 874.33 51 CBOT corn 807.50 7.75 +0.97% 768.83 56 CBOT soy 1784.75 28.25 +1.61% 1590.03 72 CBOT rice $15.31 $0.03 +0.16% $15.48 31 WTI crude $97.18 $0.71 +0.74% $89.22 65 Currencies Euro/dlr $1.261 $0.032 +2.62% USD/AUD 1.028 -0.028 -2.62% Most active contracts Wheat, corn and soy US cents/bushel. Rice: USD per hundredweight RSI 14, exponential (Editing by Miral Fahmy)
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SAARC summit salvaged after handshake by leaders of India, Pakistan
A brief meeting between India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Pakistani counterpart appears to have salvaged a summit of South Asian leaders, with all eight countries clinching a last-minute deal to create a regional electricity grid. Full Article
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Saudis block OPEC output cut, oil price sinks further. Full Article
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GDP growth set to weaken, business wants reforms more than rate cut Full Article | Related Story
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Twitter to start tracking users' mobile apps Full Article
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Jaitley likely to meet Rajan on Monday to urge rate cut Full Article
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India moves to allow more businesses to offer basic financial services. Full Article
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Forever21 sets sights on Indian cities, but please hold the hot pants Full Article
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Japan inflation slows in October, output and spending show signs of recovery Full Article
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Posts tagged girl-fight
PSN Tuesday: FIFA 14, Girl Fight, free Rayman Origins on PS Plus
This week's PSN update has been issued, offering a fresh cornucopia of digital wares for your leisurely consumption. Both FIFA 14 and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 are available for download, though only the former is available across multiple platforms: PS3, PS Vita (a re-skin) and PSP. Kung-Fu...
Girl Fight hits XBLA this month
Girl Fight will finally fill the void of games featuring scantily-clad women beating each other up when it comes to Xbox Live Arcade on September 25. Majesco first announced the 3D fighter with a to-the-point press release back in February 2012. Developed by Kung Fu Factory, Girl Fight...
'Girl Fight' is pretty much what it sounds like
We normally don't let video game press releases speak for themselves, but we'd like to present two excerpts from the announcement for Girl Fight, by Microprose(!) and Kung Fu Factory, published by Majesco. "Get Ready to Lick the Competition with Girl Fight, Coming Soon to Xbox LIVE Arcade and PSN"...
Breaking News
Dying Light cancelled on Xbox 360, PS3
Featured Stories
Get a closer look at final retail Amiibos
Posted on Nov 22nd 2014 9:00AM
Barely Related: Star-Lord's dance-off, comet sounds
Posted on Nov 21st 2014 8:30PM
Games we love and hate
Posted on Nov 21st 2014 3:00PM


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Guns & Butter -- "Voting Machines: Computerized Election Theft" with Dr. Jonathan Simon
A Brilliant Highly Insight Guns & Butter radio cast exposing the theft of the 2014 election by BIG MONEY! Vote Counts and Polls: An Insidious Feedback Loop November 12, 2014 By Jonathan Simo
By: omniradar | Comments: 9 | Views: 431 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Location: United States | Leaked: 4 days ago in Other News, Politics
Slow Motion Cut Of Some Shit idiot Mudslum Getting Sniped (Halal Certificate #90129)
Proving to the world one video at a time... That islam is a poorly drawn cartoon. That should not be viewed by anyone. The video proves that mudslums are pretty much bullet magnets.
By: MUSLIMS R VEGETABLES | Comments: 48 | Views: 2366 | Votes: 12 | Shared: 3
Location: Libya | Leaked: Oct-31-2014 in Other Middle East, Other
Allah's kids are putting the FUN in funeral! (Halal certificate #90128)
Islam is, is what islam does... Proving to the world one video at a time... That islam is a poorly drawn cartoon. That should not be viewed by anyone.
By: MUSLIMS R VEGETABLES | Comments: 40 | Views: 3386 | Votes: 22 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Oct-31-2014 in Other Middle East
Abduba-anallubaction Elmir &Pals + Spurious Subtitles (halal video certificate #90126)
The went in dry. Because they wanted to die. Once again... Proving to the world one video at a time... That islam is a poorly drawn cartoon. That should not be viewed by anyone.
By: MUSLIMS R VEGETABLES | Comments: 26 | Views: 1263 | Votes: 13 | Shared: 1
Location: Mecca, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia | Leaked: Oct-30-2014 in Other
Mexico: Watch as 4,334 'soda geysers' EXPLODE in new world record
Video ID: 20141116-002 M/S Geysers being created W/S Geysers being created, crowd celebrating W/S Participants celebrating W/S Participants celebrating M/S Participants and volunteers Guinne
By: Ruptly | Comments: 29 | Views: 1059 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Location: León, Guanajuato, Mexico | Leaked: 7 days ago in Other Entertainment
Who Is Ernst Zundel, And Why Is He In Jail?
Below is a fascinating story of a Canadian who went to jail for...writing a book! He was then deported back to Germany and imprisioned for another 5 years. He is one of thousands of people who is tryi
By: Fastmarathon | Comments: 81 | Views: 1553 | Votes: 5 | Shared: 2
Location: Canada | Leaked: Nov-11-2014 in History
10 Muslim-Arab women from the same family murdered because they chose a new path for themselves
Bissan Abu Ganam, a mother of six from the town of Ramla in central Israel, was the tenth woman in her family to fall victim to murder 2 days ago. She arrived to pick-up her children from a building i
By: aydeo | Comments: 77 | Views: 2466 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Location: Ramla, Center District, Israel | Leaked: Oct-27-2014 in Other News, Other Middle East
Chief designer of world's biggest aircraft, Ukraine's An-225, comes to work in China
Ukraine is China's major supplier of aviation, maritime, and other weapon technologies. High-end expert Kim Klitschko, Valery, Professor Peter Pavlovic, awarded Chinese national expert certificate.
By: Lake8737 | Comments: 9 | Views: 512 | Votes: 1 | Shared: 0
Location: Shenzhen, Guangdong, China | Leaked: Oct-25-2014 in Other News
Kiev ... SBU (with help of CIA/FBI) caught yet another Russian saboteur ,WAS SENT BY PUTIN PERSONALLY
Translated from Belorussian: (by James32) On the safe house was captured head of Russian FSB and charg
By: James32 | Comments: 20 | Views: 782 | Votes: 5 | Shared: 0
Leaked: Oct-25-2014 in Ukraine
"I Killed Che Che," Says Nancy Ruth Owens, The Obama Birth Certificate Forger!
"I Killed Che Che," Says Nancy Ruth Owens, The Obama Birth Certificate Forger! Owens Says There May Also Be Russian Subs In Our Waters Since The 80's.
By: Nancy Owens | Comments: 3 | Views: 515 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0
Location: United States | Leaked: Aug-30-2014 in Conspiracy
Deportation Petition Filed Against Obama by Freedom Watch, as Predicted by AUN-TV
As predicted by AUN-TV, when we broke the story that this was brewing, Freedom Watch's Larry Klayman has filed a deportation petition against President Barack Obama. This should not be taken ligh
By: AUN-TV | Comments: 11 | Views: 721 | Votes: 3 | Shared: 8
Leaked: Oct-3-2014 in Politics
Will Obama be Deported as Illegal Alien? Lawsuit Brewing, Based on Police Finding of Forged Documents
www.AUN-TV.com This sounds shocking and sensational, but this is a possibility, if the rule of law prevails. AUN-TV has found out from sources familiar with a brewing lawsuit, that a well known
By: AUN-TV | Comments: 15 | Views: 1605 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 6
Location: United States | Leaked: Oct-1-2014 in Politics
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Smaller teams less committed to F1 claims Ecclestone
Bernie Ecclestone Formula 1 supremo Bernie Ecclestone has hit back at criticism of new Strategy Group. The decision-making group features only six of the sport's eleven competing teams – powerful Mercedes, Ferrari, Red Bull and McLaren, the fourth-placed in 2013 Lotus and, for historical reasons, Williams. But after plans for budget caps were recently scrapped, the smaller teams angrily hit back by claiming they have been 'disenfranchised'. They have even questioned the legality of the Strategy Group against European anti-competition laws. Formula 1 chief executive Ecclestone, however, has justified the exclusion of the smaller teams Sauber, Force India, Marussia and Caterham. 'There...
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The evidence is in: political violence is not rooted in religion, but social bonds and political grievances.
Archive | Feature
Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingya Accelerated
Forced to flee their homes in increasing numbers in the face of state initiated and sanctioned violence.
Australia: Dangerous Rising Islamophobia Since Tony Abbott's Terrorism Speech
Since Tony Abbott's speech things have gotten worse for Australian Muslims.
Central African Republic: The Blood Trail Leads to Paris
A cloak and dagger power grab, orchestrated by the usual suspects.
Central African Republic: What Really Happened and Why Does it Matter?
Misrepresenting conflict: It's all about Islam. Even when it's not.
Sam Harris Gives Money To Quilliam Foundation, Doing A Book With Maajid Nawaz
Sam Harris has found an acceptable Muslim, Maajid Nawaz, and not only are they co-authoring a book, he's backing Quilliam.
Megyn Kelly: Fox News Preaches Anti-Muslim Blood Libel in Wake of Oklahoma Beheading
Megyn Kelly hosts unidentified guest who slanders Muslims with debunked Islamophobic talking points such as "stealth jihad" and "taqiyya."
Radical Right Wing Christians Who Supported the Iraq War Want to Convert, Deport and Kill Muslims
Gary Cass and Christians like him planted the seed of ISIS when they sanctified Bush's holy war against Iraq in 2003.
Twitter Agent Provocateur "Ahimla Jihada" Exposed As Fake
Provocateurs are using fake social media profiles in an belligerent attempt at fomenting hatred of their fellow citizens and their faith.
Road Rage Racism: Crazy Lady Goes On Anti-Muslim, Racist Rant
Among the racist, Islamophobic gems: "You're a Muslim aren't you!?" You "n****r-loving atheist loving bitch!"
Tunisian Fishermen Save Fleeing Migrants
Tunisian fishermen like Chamseddine Bourrassine are saving lives.
Oklahoma School Film Blames Muslims For Oklahoma City Bombing
Oklahoma school plays film blaming Muslims for Oklahoma City bombing.
Documentary: FBI "Informants"
Video: Must see documentary by AlJazeera on the FBI's spy program.


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by Diana Studer
- gardening for biodiversity
30th November will be the first Sunday in Advent. Growing up in South Africa, Advent Wreaths and hanging a Christmas Wreath on the door were a foreign, Northern custom, till I met the Ungardener and went to Switzerland. (For our mediterranean summer Christmas, bits of conifer in a wreath outside, might stay green for days). Hergiswil Glasi is on the shores of the Vierwaldstaettersee. Gallery/museum with a water and glass organ.
I was enchanted by this glass Advent wreath – water, we must have water! Andrea bought it for me – and I think of her each time I use it. For a southern summer advent – a deep bowl, which holds lots of water. A heavy glass insert with eight holes, for candles. (On a bubbled glass charger to stop the balls running away!)
Each year I use something different from our garden. The Ungardener misses snow, prompting silver gray Prince of Wales feathers from Dusty Miller with white silk Christmas balls.
God, the Father's love
Can reach down and bless all hearts
From his heav'n above
And when lips are moved by grace
They so sweetly sing
Pray for peace in Africa
God bless Africa
And her sons and daughters
'Plea from Africa' was composed by John Knox Bokwe (1855-1922). He visited Scotland and sang his hymns in a tenor voice at social gatherings. From Dictionary of African Christian Biography
In 2011 I was drawn to darker colours. The teal blue platter is from my sister. One tuberous begonia leaf spreads its palm in support behind the candles. Olive leaves, turned up to show silver, are the arms extended in an embrace. Agapanthus. Lily of the Nile? De Nial is a river in Egypt. Agapanthus is at home at the other Antarctic end of Africa. Blue African lily forms a family all its own, found only in South Africa. Roses – Anna's Red, Papa Meilland and Alec's Red.
Santolina to fill in. A few wild jasmine flowers Jasminum annulare for perfume.
For 2013 I used darker blue and purple flowers. I chose Agapanthus and Plectranthus neochilus. Sprigs of olive are a symbol of peace.
From Rev Ken Collins - Martin Luther certainly didn't invent the wreath itself, because that goes back to ancient Roman times, and probably even earlier. People used wreaths as an Advent decoration long before Luther. The Advent wreath in its present form started in Germany as a Lutheran family custom. Four candles – hope, love, joy and peace.
My sister made me a wreath of grape vine prunings. Real and lasting. Doesn't have to be hidden and is strong enough to sustain my woody bits.
In March 2009 we went to Kirstenbosch annual sale of indigenous plants. These are mostly from proteas. During a fire, the flowers close their woody bracts. Singed black marks are a heritage from the flames. After the fire, and rain, the flower opens and scatters MASSES of fluffy seeds, leaving behind these wooden flowers.
We hung it on the wall next to the door in Porterville.
Brown and wooden so I added fluffy blonde wild oats, which stood in our Porterville garden, almost as tall as I am. We had grateful birds visiting.
Pictures by Diana Studer
of Elephant's Eye on False Bay
(If you mouse over teal blue text, it turns seaweed red.
Those are my links.
To read or leave comments, either click the word Comments below,
or click this post's title)
Pictures by Diana Studer
of Elephant's Eye on False Bay
(If you mouse over teal blue text, it turns seaweed red.
Those are my links.
To read or leave comments, either click the word Comments below,
or click this post's title)


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The Psycho the Weasel's Truck Toon Break attraction, unimaginably considered to be the worst original attraction at Disneyland
The Psycho the Weasel's Truck Toon Break entrance is like a tour across the real Toontown. The attraction trucks are built like Bertie the Cab, and when you drive you can break them by strangling the other guests.
Don't click Princess Mode
© copyright 2011–2014
A Pants Aflame production


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gentleladySyllabification: gen·tle·la·dy
Definition of gentlelady in English:
A polite form of a address for a woman, used especially to a congresswoman during a congressional debate.
Example sentences
- And I would like to ask the gentlelady if she is aware that he has been identified as a target.
- I commend the gentlelady for raising these issues, and I look forward to working with her in the future.
- I commend her for her support today, as well as the gentlelady from Pennsylvania, Ms. Hart, for taking a leadership role in pursuing this legislation dating back to the last Congress.
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Word of the day ingratiate
Pronunciation: ɪnˈɡreɪʃɪeɪt
bring oneself into favour with someone through flattery…


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'Real Housewives of Atlanta' Star NeNe Leakes Leaving Show? Takes Sides on Porsha Williams-Kenya Moore Brawl
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By Keerthi Mohan | April 25, 2014 5:23 PM EST
NeNe Leakes is reportedly ready to throw in the towel on "Real Housewives of Atlanta" as she feels that the drama on the reality show is not worth the money she rakes in from it.
During an appearance on The Arsenio Hall Show Wednesday night, Leakes hinted that this might be the last season as she is tired of all the negative and belittling antics employed by the other cast mates. She also feels that the show has changed over the years, and the new cast brings bitterness to the show.
"I began this so many years ago with other girls… And I'm the only original that's left. It has changed a lot over the years. I thought, or at least I think, people would tune in to see the Real Housewives of Atlanta because they would get to see fabulousness, and a good old read, and never the hair pulling and the punching and all that kind of stuff," Leakes said, referring to the brawl between Kenya Moore and Porsha Williams during the reunion episode.
Leakes admitted that she is Team Porsha, saying that Moore was equally responsible for starting the fight. The reunion episode saw Moore taunting Williams about her former husband's sexuality, and in a fit of anger Williams attacked her cast mate.
While there are talks that Williams will be fired from the show, Leakes feels that it wouldn't be fair to fire just one woman.
"No, it's not fair to fire Porsha. Actually, I didn't feel it was fair to ask Porsha to leave the reunion," Leakes said. "I thought if she left, Kenya needed to leave. I felt they both needed to go."
Meanwhile, there are rumors that Williams was drunk during the reunion as she was sure Moore would try to belittle her.
"Porsha was drunk… there were two bottles of wine in her dressing room. She came to fight Kenya and needed some liquid courage!" an insider told Radar Online.
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FREE ACCESS to the NEW iPhone edition!
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Katy Perry & Russell Brand
This former couple were great fans of PDAs, and shared a smooch whenever they got the chance. On this occasion, it's on the red carpet after one of the comedian's shows at the Royal Albert Hall.
Get A Room rating:7/10 – sob, sob.
Which celebrities found love on set?
The cute and lovey-dovey celebrity couple moments caught on camera »
Everyone needs a good pal – even the rich and famous – but did you know this lot were chums? »


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Black Friday Deals
We found some Black Friday deals that may make you want to step away from that piece of pie.
We found some Black Friday deals that may make you want to step away from that piece of pie.
Would you like to see more cops on New Jersey's streets?
Fishermen's Energy said it plans to resume its appeal of the decision by the NJ BPU to deny a proposed windmill power project off the coast of Atlantic City.
In response to a lawsuit against a Monmouth County school district, a local lawmaker has introduced legislation to protect the Pledge of Allegiance in its current form.
November's Ask The Mayor with Atlantic City Mayor Don Guardian was a blockbuster -- watch it here anytime!
A man from Pleasantville is facing charges after Egg Harbor Township police say he threatened to hurt children at a local day care center Tuesday.
A Hamilton Township police officer is recovering from a broken arm after chasing a suspect across the Black Horse Pike Tuesday evening.
Forget about turkey; several tasty football games are the best items on the menu during the long Thanksgiving weekend. Here are the storylines we'll be following in Week 13:
This Thanksgiving weekend, we get a somewhat unexpected sequel to a somewhat unexpected 2011 comedy hit, along with a spin-off from a major animated blockbuster.
By this time next year, retailers in New Jersey could be banned from opening their doors before 9 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day.
How much of an effect will the impending snow how on your Thanksgiving travel plans?
Would you like to see more cops on New Jersey's streets?
Check out how the top retailers are competing for your holiday dollar.
The West Virginia Division of Natural Resources is investigating the death of a hunter from Pleasantville on the opening day of the buck firearms season.
These days, an increasing number of people in the U.S. are working on the holidays to support their families, instead of spending time with them.


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|Casa del Trigo Avenida de la Hispanidad, 14, 18320 Santa Fe, Spain (2.4 miles from Belicena)
Score from 58 reviews: GoodCasa del Trigo is in the historic town of Santa Fe, a 10 minute drive from Granada and its airport. Set in a 19th-century building, it features a restaurant, free Wi-Fi and a terrace with a jacuzzi. More…
$74 Average price per night
|BS Capitulaciones Carretera de Málaga, Km.443, 18320 Santa Fe, Spain (3 miles from Belicena)
Score from 86 reviews: GoodSituated just 2 miles from the airport and 4 miles from the center of Granada, this is a functional, a newly built hotel with easy access to the A-92 road. More…
$34 Average price per night
|Sercotel Gran Hotel Luna de Granada Plaza Manuel Cano, 2, 18004 Granada, Spain (3.9 miles from Belicena)
Score from 1167 reviews: Very goodSercotel Gran Hotel Luna de Granada is a 10-minute walk from Granada historic town and offers a seasonal heated outdoor pool and free Wi-Fi throughout. More…
$63 Average price per night
|Hotel Granada Center Avenida de la Fuentenueva, s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain (4.2 miles from Belicena)
Score from 2431 reviews: Very good There are 2 people looking at this hotel.Hotel Granada Center is located just a 10 minute walk from Granada's historic quarter and 5 minutes from the train station. It offers free Wi-Fi and a private parking lot. More…
$56 Average price per night
|Casa Montalbán Apartamentos Turísticos Montalbán, 5, 18002 Granada, Spain (4.4 miles from Belicena)
Score from 214 reviews: GoodCasa Montalbán Apartamentos Turísticos is a converted 17th-century house located in central Granada, a 5 minute walk from the cathedral. More…
$74 Average price per night
|Abba Granada Avenida Constitución, 21, 18014 Granada, Spain (4.4 miles from Belicena)
Score from 621 reviews: Very goodThis stylish hotel features an outdoor pool, a gym and a spa with Turkish bath, hot tub and saunas. Rooms include LCD satellite TV. Granada Train Station is 330 yards away. More…
$62 Average price per night
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More 3D Articles
- 18 April 2012
News: Virgin Media announces Olympic Games coverage
Virgin Media has announced that its customers will receive full coverage of the London 2012 Olympic Games.
- 16 April 2012
News: LG launches 3D World content service
LG has launched 3D World, an internet connected service dedicated to 3D content.
- 01 March 2012
Buying Advice: Blu-ray buyers' guide: what you need to know
Everything you need to know if you are buying a Blu-ray Disc drive, or a Blu-ray Disc player.
- 30 January 2012
Feature: Expected Tech Trends for 2012
Ultrabooks, smart TVs, cloud printing and more. Take a look a look at the cool new products that will be arriving over the next 12 months.
- 11 January 2012
Toshiba Camileo Z100 3D flash camcorder announced
Toshiba has unveiled a new Camileo consumer video camera that offers 3D video capture as well as full HD video at 1920x1080 resolution and 30 frames per second. The camcorder creates 3D footage from its pair of 5Mp CMOS sensors
- 22 December 2011
Feature: 10 predictions for future tech
Hoverboards, a race of robots that rise up and take over the world, and excellent broadband provision in the UK. These are the ridiculously far-fetched concepts Matt Egan rejected in picking out 10 things we'll see over the next 15 years.
- 19 December 2011
How-Tos: How to print 3D models
We explain how to turn a sequence of photographs into a virtual 3D model you can manipulate onscreen and even turn into a solid object.
- 22 November 2011
Test Centre: Group test: what's the best 3D design software?
The best 3D design software packages available in the UK right now.
- 18 November 2011
News: Tesco begins trialling augmented reality in store
UK supermarket Tesco is trialling augmented reality technology in a bid to save space in stores.
- 31 October 2011
How-Tos: What's good interior design software?
When a reader needed a recommendation for 3D cheap design software, our Helproom expert knew just what to recommend.
- 26 September 2011
News: Majority of US consumers prefer 3DTV
The majority of consumers believe 3DTV is better than standards HDTV, says Panasonic.
- 08 September 2011
News: LG Dual Play provides simultaneous full-screen gaming
LG has come up with a cunning way of allowing two-player mode gaming to work in fullscreen for both players at once. Its Dual Play lets each player view of its 3D scenes in 2D
Video: Video: tablets, 3D and smartphones - the week in techology, 8/9/11
IFA Special: Coming up on World Tech Update this week we're back at the IFA consumer electronics show in Berlin. The Galaxy Tab 7.7 vanishes from the Samsung booth, poor reviews begin to roll in for the Galaxy Note, Sony intros the Personal 3D Viewer as an alternative to 3D TVs, LG entices gamers with Dual Play, Panasonic focuses on 3D partnerships and camcorders, an interactive shop window could change the look of department stores and a vacuum cleaner is controlled by an iPhone.
- 07 September 2011
Video: Video: the sights and sounds of IFA 2011
Tablets, televisions, 3D, smartphones...all of it at the 2011 IFA consumer electronics show in Berlin.
News: HP TouchSmart 520 all-in-one PC unveiled
HP has announced two new desktop computers for launch in the UK in October. The HP Pavilion HPE Phoenix comes with 16GB of DDR3 RAM and is designed for 3D gaming and high-end digital content creation. The HP TouchSmart 520 is a 23in all-in-one PC costing £599
- 05 September 2011
Samsung MultiView MV800 3D digital camera debuts
Samsung has been showing off its new 'multi-angle' 16Mp digital camera at IFA. The MultiView MV800 is a 16Mp digital camera with a 3in adjustable LCD designed for capturing shots from awkward angles or overhead.
- 02 September 2011
Video: Video: Panasonic launches 3D camcorders, announces 3D partnerships
Panasonic debuted a new 3D camcorder at the IFA consumer electronics show this week. The HDC-z-ten thousand has a 6 and a half megapixel sensor and can shoot 1080p HD video. It also has two new image stabilization systems, which according to Panasonic makes it easier to shoot in low light.
Video: Video: Sony Personal 3D viewer in action
Sony is offering an alternative for consumers who don't want to buy a 3D TV. Called the personal 3D viewer the head mounted display will be available by the end of the year though pricing wasn't announced. It can be connected to a 3D camcorder for a live view of what's being shot or used for movies and gaming, said Howard Stringer during the company's press conference. The viewer also has headphones to deliver audio. While the 3D viewer may be isolating—it's not like you can enjoy this with a friend—the experience is pretty unique. We had a chance to try the personal 3D viewer being filmed here on a 3D camera and the effect is actually pretty good. The picture is clear and bright and after taking some time to focus it it's a really enjoyable experience and Sony said that once this comes on the market there's going to be headband to secure this to your head so that you don't have to hold it.
News: LG dumps active shutter 3D glasses
LG is abandoning active shutter glasses for use with 3D screens, citing an overwhelming preference for the cheaper-to-produce passive glasses. An overwhleming 88 percent of it 3D LED TV sales are of models that use passive shutter technology. The company has seen a two-fold uptake in demand for its LED 3D TVs that come with passive glasses, LG told PC Advisor at IFA today.
- 25 August 2011
ViewSonic PJD5223 3D projector debuts
ViewSonic has launched a range of 3D projectors that offer a budget alternative to buying a 3D TV. The ViewSonic PJD5 Series DLP projectors have XGA and WXGA resolutions, operate at 120Hz - ideal for 3D viewing - and HDMI connectors so they can be used with a Sony PlayStation 3 or a 3D Blu-ray player
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text:
Native advertising is having its big moment. When done right, it has tremendous pull with consumers. According to Nielsen, native ads produce as much as an 82% in brand lift. An infographic from MDG Advertising says 70% of individuals reported that they would prefer "to learn about products through content rather than through traditional advertising."
Feb 10, 2011
SoleraTec LLC, a provider of video lifecycle management and storage software solutions, has partnered with Cohu Electronics of Poway, CA, to provide compatibility and interoperability between the two firms' products. Cohu Electronics produces the Helios family of RTSP-enabled IP video surveillance cameras, which is now fully supported by SoleraTec's Phoenix RSM surveillance video management software. With the integration, the Helios line of IP cameras can be quickly installed and set up to record, store, and provide overarching management to an entire video surveillance infrastructure using the Phoenix RSM software solution.
The professional-grade Phoenix RSM surveillance video management solution was introduced at Cohu Electronics' January Sales Seminar as an option for Cohu customers. The Phoenix RSM will provide users a solution for the storage of large libraries of high definition video.


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|ISO/IEC 14165-331 ed1.0 withdrawn corrigendum
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|Information technology - Fibre channel - Part 331: Virtual interface (FC-VI)
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|Fibre Channel is a high speed serial interface using either optical or electrical connections (i.e., the physical layer) at data rates currently up to 2 Gbits/s with a growth path to 10 Gbits/s, and provides a general data transport vehicle for Upper Level Protocols (ULPs) such as Intelligent Peripheral Interface (IPI) and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) command sets, the High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) data framing, IP (Internet Protocol), ANSI/IEEE 802.2, and others. The topologies supported by Fibre Channel include point-to-point, switched fabric, and arbitrated loop. This part of ISO/IEC 14165 defines an upper-layer protocol within the domain of Fibre Channel, that is designed to permit efficient peer-to-peer or client-server messaging between nodes, and to comply with the Virtual Interface (VI) Architecture. Vendors that wish to implement devices that connect to FC-VI may follow the requirements of this and other normatively referenced standards to manufacture an FC-VI compliant device.
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Harvard Museum of Natural History, CambridgeAmong Harvard's treasures is the internationally acclaimed Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants, the "Glass Flowers...
Charlestown arts crafts events
The Blaschka Glass Flowers: Harvard's world-famous Glass Art exhibit
Wednesday, Dec 31 9:00a
Hollowed Egg Decorations Workshop
Saturday, Dec 13 1:00p
CraftBoston Holiday 2014
Friday, Dec 5 10:00a
Hynes Convention Center, BostonComprised of 175 exhibitors, CraftBoston Holiday is a highly regarded, must-attend event for artists, collectors, and craft enthusiasts...
Master Sumi-e artist at Brookline Market Hall
Saturday, Nov 29 12:00p
Brookline Market Hall, BrooklineArtist Tsun Ming Chmielinski's incredible sumi-e brush paintings are the product of years of study and practice...
Introduction to Veneer Workshop
Saturday, Dec 13 8:30a
Personalised Baby Gifts
Thursday, Aug 25 7:00p
Andaz Liverpool Street London, BostonAre you looking to buy the Best Baby Shower Gift, Best Personalised Baby Gift ever? With our extensive range of Personalised Baby Gifts, New Baby Gifts, Baby Shower Gifts, Handmade Personalised Bab...
Saltwater Etching for Kids
Saturday, Dec 6 1:00p
Saltwater Etching (Adults)
Sunday, Dec 7 1:00p
Felting Workshop
Saturday, Dec 6 10:00a
Introduction to Letter Carving Workshop
Saturday, Dec 6 8:30a
Intro to Enameling - Pendant Surface Exploration
Saturday, Dec 20 7:00p
Stonybrook Fine Arts, BostonIn this four hour workshop, students learn how to enamel using both torch and kiln...
Vicki Jane Jewellery Ltd
Wednesday, Jan 14 7:00p
Somerset Club, BostonUK based wholesale costume jewellery supplier with no minimum order requirements.
Colorwork Mittens with Lisa McFetridge
Sunday, Dec 7 4:00p
Stitch House, BostonJoin Lisa in making her design Whimsical Odds & Ends Mittens. You should know how to knit and purl in the round. Skills developed include changing colors, colorwork and creating a thumb gusset...
Intro to Enameling-Surface Exploration with Earrings
Saturday, Dec 20 6:00p
Stonybrook Fine Arts, BostonIn this four hour workshop, students learn how to enamel using both torch and kiln...
CraftBoston Holiday
Saturday, Dec 6 10:00a
Hynes Convention Center, BostonComprised of 175 exhibitors, CraftBoston Holiday is a highly regarded, must-attend event for artists, collectors, and craft enthusiasts...
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Atsko Sno Seal
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Atsko: Waterproofing Stain Repellent Silicone Spray
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I want to take a moment to thank one of your employees who went above and beyond. I will be sure to talk to my many friends about The Working Person's Store's extraordinary customer service."
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Buyers Guide Cigars
Buyers Guide Cigars Description
Cigars for smokers of every stripe is what you'll find here. These samplers, made especially for our monthly buying guides, offer a wide range of collections from different shapes, to wrapper types, to countries of origin, strengths, and more. Browse around to find the sampler that's just right for you!
Buy Buyers Guide Cigars online at discount prices here at Famous Smoke Shop - your source for Buyers Guide Cigars.
Other Brands by Famous Samplers
Buyers Guide Cigars Reviews
- Barracuda STK by George Rico
- Fonseca Cubano Exclusivo
- Carlos Torano Captiva
- Leccia Assorted
- La Flor Dominicana Air Bender
- Stixx By La Sirena
- Tatuaje Black
- Perdomo Lot 23
- Perdomo Estate Seleccion Vintage 2002
- JM's Dominican Corojo
- Villiger Export
- Illusione Epernay
- Villiger Talanga
- CAO X-Factor
- Don Tomas Special Edition Connecticut