text:
1. Why do you have only the outer electron of 3Li7 involved in the process of neutron transfer? Why are the outer (3d, 4s) electrons of the 28NiXX not involved at all in the Calaon-Guglinski neutron transfer process?
2. Why would the valence neutron at 7fm prefer exiting along the z-axis in which direction it has no momentum than along the xy-plane in which it has angular momentum? (Remember that Andrea Calaon has the two nuclei with their z-axes parallel rather than collinear as per your view.)
All the best,
Regards Calaon – Guglinski material. Yes you are correct. For me what you are showing is a chain system. The sun sits within an interregnum where the north of one system connects with the south of another system. The atomic interaction which you show is a simple state of a more complex solar interaction. Whether energy interacts on a micro or macro scale the outcome is an energy interaction. The reason for an interregnum is because I believe there is a law connected to gravity that pulls energy back with regards a state of loss at the centre of a system.
Well done, Eric Ashworth
Daniel De Caluwé wrote in November 22nd, 2014 at 7:23 PM
@Wladimir Guglinski,
@Andrea Calaon,
Wow, I'm impressed! Calaon-Guglinski very convincing to me!
it seems I have now two Andreas in my life
eernie1 wrote i November 22nd, 2014 at 12:09 PM
Dear Andrea C and Wlad.
Fermi, Alvarez and Wick have shown both theoretically and experimentally that the injection of an electron into the nucleus occurs naturally in some of the heavier atoms, causing them to be radioactive, emitting Beta particles. These electrons(usually s or p level) are considered present in the nucleus either field wise or particle wise dependent upon whether the investigator treats them as particles or an EM field.
Dear Eernie,
it is not the case.
Fermi, Alvarez, and Wick were speaking about absorption of electrons of the inner levels s and p of some heavy nuclei by those own nuclei.
In the case of the Rossi's Effect, Calaon and I are not speaking about the electrons of the inners levels s and p of the heavier nucleus Ni being absorbed by the own Ni.
We are speaking about the contribution of the inner levels s and p of the lighter 7Li in the transmutation of the heavier Ni.
As you know, dear Eernie, in 2006 was published my Quantum Ring Theory where I had predicted that even-even nuclei with Z=N have non-spherical shape. People used to call me mad, because I had the audacity of defy a dogma considered untouchable along 80 years by the nuclear theorists, according to which those nuclei have spherical shape.
But in 2012 the journal Nature published a paper showing that my prediction was correct: even-even nuclei with Z=N have non-spherical shape:
More recently, since 1989 the nuclear theorists have considered along more than 25 years that cold fusion is impossible.
They supposed cold fusion to be impossible because according to the Standard Nuclear Physics the positive electrosphere of the nuclei has spherical shape.
So, they believed that, if a particle positively charged will enter within a nuclei, it must win the Coloumb barrier under conditions of high conditions of pressure and temperature (hot fusion), because the Coulomb barrier involves spherically the whole nucleus.
But they are wrong.
The shape of the positive electric field of the nuclei is non-spherical, as the nuclear theorists believed along 80 years.
However, due to the chaotic rotation of the nuclei, in average the positive electric field of the nuclei takes the spherical shape. And this is the reason why hot fusion occurs needs to occur in the Sun.
Soon or later, the nuclear theorists will realize that Rossi's Effect must be explained via the consideration that the positive electrosphere of the nuclei is non-spherical, and this nuclear property is responsible for the occurrence of cold fusion.
And soon or later, the nuclear theorists will realize that, again, I am right.
perhaps we are witnessing the birth of a new theory, to be known in the future as Calaon-Guglinski theory.
@Wladimir Guglinski,
@Andrea Calaon,
Wow, I'm impressed! Calaon-Guglinski very convincing to me!
Kind Regards,
I am sure you have read the articles about Bill Gates being briefed on LENR. Do you agree, with more money for research, there could be for example, 10 or more pilot installations and research projects which would speed the introduction of the Rossi effect?
Dear Andrea C and Wlad.
Fermi, Alvarez and Wick have shown both theoretically and experimentally that the injection of an electron into the nucleus occurs naturally in some of the heavier atoms, causing them to be radioactive, emitting Beta particles. These electrons(usually s or p level) are considered present in the nucleus either field wise or particle wise dependent upon whether the investigator treats them as particles or an EM field. The process is called Reverse Beta, conversion electrons, or just Beta decay since the electron presence is subsequently ejected form the nucleus along with a Beta+ or Beta- particle, a Neutrino and a photon whose energy depends on the angle of entrance of the electron. Once the influence of the electron is felt in the nucleus, its spin and its field energy can play havoc with the equilibrium of the resting nucleus resulting in perhaps some strange outcomes. The inner electrons can also be induced to enter the nucleus by imposing an outer negative field on the electron sphere(perhaps a negative Hydrogen ion?).
Energetic regards.
Dear Dott. Rossi
Underdeveloped countries need DESPERATELY your devices…!!!!! Pleaase, please, hurry up..!!!
Andrea Calaon,
Are you saying that an electron can orbit beneath the ground state of an atom?
All the best,
Andrea Calaon wrote in November 20th, 2014 at 7:33 AM :
Let me spend a few words to advertise my theory .
In the reactions above I explicitly added (+e) because I believe that the "secret" of the LENR is a coupling with the electron. Li7 in a uncommon "physical-chemistry" event in the metal matrix, couples with one electron becoming a sort of "new particle": Li7e. Then this pseudo-particle, which is neutral already at picometric scales, can easily couple (through the same mechanism) with a Ni isotope: Li7eNixx. Li7 and Nixx become forced to travel inside the "circular" electron potential well. Soon they reach "nuclear contact" (at 2-3 [fm]) with very low excess kinetic energy, and can exchange the neutron because it is energetically convenient and probably Li7 offers it on the plane orthogonal to its magnetic moment, right where Nixx can easily "grab it".
Dear Calaon,
I have analysed your idea on the "new particle" Li7e, taking in consideration my nuclear model, and I have arrived to some interesting conclusions.
Let me explain it.
Figure 1 ahead shows the nucleus 2He4 with its positive electric field, produced by the two protons.
The nucleus 2He4 has spin about the z-axis shown in the Figure 1.
However, the two protons have residual repulsion (not in that magnitude of the repulsion considered in the Standard Model, because the electric fields of the protons are immersed within the electric field of the 2He4), and due to the repulsion the two protons have oscillations (zig-zag motion), and since the neutrons are bound to the protons via the spin-interaction, the neutrons also oscillate.
Due to the oscillation of the two protons and two neutrons, the z-axis is changing its direction all the time. By this reason in average the positive field of the 2He4 is spherical, as shown in the Figure 2, and the two electrons in the electrosphere take the levels s1 and s2.
Now consider the 3Li7 nucleus, shown in the Figure 3.
The magnetic field of the 3Li7 is shown by North-South (blue-pink).
The magnetic force which links the deuteron to the central 2He4 is induced by the rotation of the proton. The neutron has no charge, and therefore it does not induce magnetic force. The centrifugal force tries to expel the neutron, but it is bound to the deuteron due to spin-interaction.
The radius of the orbit of the deuterion is 0,405fm, while the radius of the orbit of the neutron is 2,391fm. The two values are calculated in the paper Stability of Light Nuclei published in JoNP, based on the equilibrium between magnetic force on the proton and the centrifugal force on the deuteron-neutron, and I had used the magnetic moment of the 3Li7 measured in the experiment so that to calculate the values 0,405 and 2,391.
As the neutron in the 3Li7 is bound to the deuteron via the spin-interaction, but the radius orbit of the neutron is very big (2,391fm), it means that the neutron is weakly bound to the deuteron (and it is the deuteron that avoids the neutron to be expeled by the action of the centrifugal force).
As happened in the case of the 2He4, the three protons of the 3Li7 are submitted to oscillations due to repulsions, and as the neutron is bound to the deuteron, also the neutron has oscillation.
So, in spite of the deuteron-neutron move about the z-axis, however the z-axis has a chaotic motion, changing its direction all the time.
Therefore, in average the positive electric field of the 3Li7 due to the three protons is spherical, and the distribution of the electrons in the positive electrosphere of the Li7 takes the levels shown in the Figure 4.
In the page 3 of the Lugano Report it is said:
"Three braided high-temperature grade Inconel cables exit from each of the two caps: these are the resistors wound in parallel non-overlapping coils inside the reactor."
Therefore the electric current in the coils induces an internal magnetic field inside the alumina cylinder of the reactor, and when a nucleus 3Li7 approaches to a nucleus 28Ni58 and they couple chemically, both the Li7 and the Ni58 align their nuclear z-axis toward the axis of the alumina cylinder of the E-Cat.
Being the two z-axis of both Li7 and 58Ni aligned toward the same direction, the two nuclei couple their nuclear magnetic moment, and by this way both the nuclei of 3Li7 and 58Ni stop to gyrate chaotically, and so the nuclear z-axis of the 3Li7 and 58Ni stops of changing their direction: their nuclear z-axis keep the same direction of the axis of the alumina cylinder.
As the two nuclei stopped to gyrate chaotically, then the two positive electrospheres of 7Li and 58Ni lose the spherical shape they had when they were gyrating chaotically. In other words, both nuclei of 7Li and 58Ni get back the shape of electrosphere shown in the Figure 1 for He4 and Figure 3 for Li7.
This changing in the electrosphere of the 7Li is shown in the Figure 5, where we see that the electrons s1, s2, and p1 change their orbits.
But note that the electron of the level p1 occupies an unstable level, because its negative charge is attracted not only by the positive electrosphere of the Li7, but it is also attracted by the positive electrosphere of the Ni58.
So, the electron of the level p1 is attracted by the electrosphere of the Ni58, and then the electron p´1 changes its orbit, taking the place shown in the Figure 6, between the nuclei Li7 and Ni58.
The orbit of the electron of the level p1 works now like a coil inducing a strong magnetic moment toward the direction of the two nuclear z-axis of the two nuclei 7Li and 58Ni.
As the neutron in the 7Li is weakly bound, and it has a big magnetic moment (-1,913), it will be pulled by the magnetic field of the electron p1 toward the direction of the nucleus Ni58.
Due to the inertia, the neutron continues moving, and it enters within the Ni58 through the "hole" in the electrosphere of the Ni58.
NOTE: look at the Figure 3 of the paper Stability of Light Nuclei the magnetic moment of the neutron within the nuclei depends on the position of the neutron. When the neutron is crossed by a flux-n(o) down being in the outer side of DOUGLAS, its magnetic moment becomes positive: +1,913.
FIG. 4 of the paper Stability of Light Nuclei:
Therefore, the 7Li transmutes to 6Li, and 58Ni transmutes to 59Ni.
The same happens with the isotopes 60Ni, 61Ni, 62Ni.
I think your theory has chance to be correct, dear Calaon. But it seems there is no way to conciliate your theory with the Standard Model.
I think your theory requires my nuclear model so that to explain the Rossi's Effect.
Dr. Rossi, they have a Machine that will melt snow. They have 4 Machines.
The smaller one, number two, consumes 40 to 60 gallons of diesel per hour. The fuel tank holds 550 gallons.
Could an E-Cat supply heat at a lower cost ?
Snow Dragon
Robert Curto
Ft. Lauderdale Florida
Andrea Calaon,
I see that silicon is present in the ash. Could the following reaction be possible?
27Al + 7Li + e -> 28Si + 6Li
This would effectively remove the aluminum from the fuel and leave the silicon in the ash. Note the 28Si is major isotope in naturally occurring silicon.
If the above reaction is possible, then the reaction within the eCat could be explained as well as the total energy output for one gram of fuel estimated and the percentage of fuel expended computed.
Andrea Calaon:
In your response to my last question you said:
"The LENR do not take place between ANY of the nuclei present in a reacting powder/surface/whatever. The access to the reaction is controlled by chemical properties, not nuclear properties. So even admitting that any neutron rich isotope (apart from Li7) could work as a donor, then you would face the problem of having it react in the LENR."
1) Do you have any ideas on what the relevant chemical properties are (for accessing LENR)?
2) If it turns out that only Nickel [or Ni/Li] has these chemical properties; then do you think it might be possible to use Ni [or Ni/Li] as a matrix alloy (ie. solid state "solvent") for promoting neutron transfer reactions between other combinations of nuclei?
Thank you for your insightful remarks.
Regards; HRG.
Dear Joe,
electron, proton and neutron are not points, they have intrinsic sizes.
The wave function of all s orbitals overlaps significantly with the nucleus. But electrons do not fall into the nuclei of atoms. Fortunately
If you would like to visualize an electron (I am not offering you the perfectly canonical description of the electron … ) imagine a point charge that runs along a helical trajectory at the speed of light. The diameter of the trajectory is fixed: 386 [fm]. And the frequency of the circular component of the motion is fixed as well: about 2.47E20 turns per second. Very quick indeed! The nature of the particle has to do with these fixed parameters. So that you can not have an electron without them. Now the radius of the hydrogen atom (as the most probable distance between the proton and electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state) is 52.9 [pm]. Therefore the size of the electron is about 0.36% that size. Not a point that would fall onto the nucleus, nor something as big as the orbital.
The best equations we have for the electron describe how the plane of the intrinsic rotation evolves (for dynamical conditions) or how is distributed on average in stationary conditions (like an atomic orbital).
The problem of the precise size of the proton arose for an experiment where the size of the proton is estimated thanks to the interaction between an orbital and the nucleus. The experiment uses muons instead of electrons only because they, having a mass 207 times that of the electron, form orbitals that are 207 times more tight around the nucleus than an electron does. And the ratio between the size of the orbital and that of the nucleus is smaller.
See for example: http://phys.org/news/2013-01-physicists-surprisingly-small-proton-radius.html
Best Regards
Andrea Calaon
Dr. Rossi, GENeco is a company in the UK that has a Plant that can convert food waste, and human waste, to provide fuel to power 8,500 homes, as well as to provide fuel for a Bio-Bus.
With one tank of fuel the Bio-Bus can travel 200 miles, and emit 30% fewer emissions then a Diesel Bus.
Click on:
Robert Curto
Ft. Lauderdale Florida
Dear Herb Gillis,
The only energetically possible neutron swap reaction with Ni64 acting as a donor is this:
Ni64 (+ e) + Ni61 -> Ni63 (+ e) + Ni62 + 0.94 [MeV].
I think however that Li7 acts as a donor in the LENR because it has very special nuclear properties, not found elsewhere.
Ni64 is only 0.9% of all natural Nickel atoms. So in any case its role can only be minor both energetically and isotopically.
The LENR do not take place between ANY of the nuclei present in a reacting powder/surface/whatever. The access to the reaction is controlled by chemical properties, not nuclear properties. So even admitting that any neutron rich isotope (apart from Li7) could work as a donor, then you would face the problem of having it react in the LENR.
As far as I know the Hot Cat is the first device that seem to be based on a neutron swap mechanism activated by the LENR.
Andrea Calaon
Dear Steven N. Karels,
I agree with you, probably some grains or some other parts of the powder reacted fully, some others, not measured, much less.
If 6Li can be turned into 7Li:
Li6 + e + p -> Li7 + neutrino + (max) 6.47 [MeV]
then hydrogen has a role, and turns into a neutron (together with one electron) first in this reaction. Then the neutron is transferred to xxNi.
Therefore possibly it is not necessary to have all 7Li in the fuel powder at the beginning.
Best Regards
Andrea Calaon
Dear Andrea
It could be the best friend for a Spatial HOT-Cat
Futuristic regards
Dear Andrea,
extremely interesting the news that some lab was able to replicate the Rossi Effect (even in a minimal part) .
A question, if I may:
1. which lab?;
2. is it "excess heat" (generally speaking)? or
3. specifically what you call "Rossi Effect"?
Thanks, kind regards,
Giuliano Bettini
Andrea Calaon,
I have not had a chance to go over your numbers in detail. Given the problem of producing too much energy than the measured test energy is a better scenario than the situation of not being able to produce the measured amount of energy with the measured or estimated components in the fuel.
Perhaps Dr. Storms concept of a Nuclear Active Environment (NAE) is applicable and the ash was from such an environment and all the nickel at that site was converted.
My original posting that you responded to asked whether the produced and naturally occurring 6Li could be transformed into 7Li. I understand you said you think it could be so transformed. If this is correct, then the supply of 7Li is only limited by the amount of hydrogen present.
The Laguno report did not say all the fuel was consumed nor give any indication that the reactor was nearing fuel exhaustion. So the measurement that the ash was fully transformed to Ni62 only tells us what happened at the local site where the ash was produced.
Dear Andrea,
In case you are not aware, there is a new paper published by Carl-Oscar Gullstrom titled "Collective Neutron Reduction Model for Neutron Transfer Reaction".
He writes by way of introduction:
"So I have improved the neutron transfer theory. In my first attempt the radiation was still a bit high but it is solved now. The trick is to not have high energy protons to drag out the neutrons but instead neutrons that are so low in energy that they can't enter the nucleon but at the same time they could drag out more neutrons. If it is of interest I attached a document with some simple calculations."
Kind regards,
Frank Acland
Andrea Calaon,
How can an electron get so close to a nucleus, in order to form a pseudo-particle, without the electron being forced to enter the nucleus due to electrostatic attraction?
All the best,
orsobubu wrote in November 20th, 2014 at 8:59 AM
Wladimir, is this interesting, about strong force?
Dear orsobubu
many new unstable particles can be created.
However, they represent NOTHING for the working of the universe.
By using the properties of the particles (baryon number, lepton number, parity, strangeness, etc), it is possible to predict new particles, because those properties of the particles is decurrent from the laws of intereaction for the formation of new particles, composed by the agglutination of the elementary particles of the aether (electricitons and magnetons).
Strong force must be actually a kind of dynamic gravity (the magnitude of the strong force interactions depends on the velocity of the particles which are interacting).
In spite of the strong force (dynamic gravity) can be responsible for the agglutination of the quarks in order to form the proton and the electron, it does not means that the nuclei are bound via the strong force.
Andrea Calaon:
Thanks for responding to my question in such detail.
As a possible alternative explanation: Do you think it possible that the Ni64 may be acting instead as a neutron donor to one of the lighter Ni isotopes (ie. 58, 60, 61) via the same mechanism as Li7? If this is true then perhaps LENR reactions can be achieved between any pairing of a relatively neutron poor nucleous and a relatively neutron rich nucleous?
Regards; HRG.
Dear Steven N. Karels,
the reaction
6Li + e + p -> 7Li
is possible, for what I know. And, given that Lithium7 is able to couple with the electron in the stimulated Hot-Cat powder, because we know it most probably reacts with Nixx, I would guess that Li6 should react as well. The magnetic dipole moment of Li6 is +0.8220.. [muN] whereas that of Li7 is 3.2564… [muN], therefore my theory would suggest that in the same conditions, Li6 should react significantly slower than Li7. And Li7 should do something like:
7Li (+ e) + p -> 2He4 (+ e) + 16.84 [MeV]
Another point is the abundance of protons in the Nickel metal structure. Is their number high enough to make this reaction "visible" among the neutron swap?
The experimental results seem to suggest that Li can play the role of an interstitial like the proton. A LiH substructure in the Nickel? I really do not know.
Checking today the data of my "energy analysis" of yesterday, I noticed a mistake in summing the number of atoms of Ni in the isotopic shift chain.
I will not repeat the whole thing, but just give the (hopefully) right and important numbers:
As a reference one gram of natural Nickel contains:
6.985E21 nuclei of Ni58
2.691E21 nuclei of Ni60
1.170E20 nuclei of Ni61
The total number of single one neutron shifts for a complete forward shift to Ni62 in one gram of Ni is 6.1377E22.
The experimental average energy of a unitary Nickel forward shift reaction, would be around 1 [MeV]. Far too low.
These data, together with the energies of the Ni isotopic shifts obtained via neutron swap with Li7 given yesterday, say that:
A complete isotopic forward shift of Ni58, 60 and 61 to Ni62 of 0.55 [g] of Nickel would liberate 3.757 [MWh]. It is 2.5 times the energy measured during the test.
For a 1.5 [MWh] are enough 0.22 [g] of natural Nickel, plus 0.17 [g] of natural Lithium.
The minimum ratio between the weight of Lithium and the weight of Nickel in the powder for guarantying a complete isotopic shift of Ni is 77.4%.
These corrected data say that the discrepancy between the energy measured and the isotopic and weight analysis is even wider than guessed yesterday. Possibilities:
The shifts are due to a different reactions with an even lower energy. Does it exists?
The estimated quantity of Ni in the charge was wrong. Ni was slightly more that 0.22 [g] and it underwent an almost complete isotopic shift.
The sample showed a complete isotopic shift, but the value was not representative for the whole ash. In reality only 40% of the Nickel particles shifted completely while the others did not react. The non-reacted part was not present in the analyzed grains.
What do you think?
Best Regards
Andrea Calaon
Wladimir, is this interesting, about strong force?
Dear Herb Gillis,
Ni64 can not be given a neutron from Li7 because the reaction
Ni64 (+ e) + Li7 + 1.15 [MeV] -> Ni65 + Li6 (+ e)
requires 1.15 [MeV] to take place and apparently there are no such energetic photons around.
Neither it is possible for Ni64 to shift "back" and lose one neutron to a Li6:
Ni64 (+ e) + Li6 + 2.41 [MeV] -> Ni63 + Li7 (+ e).
Therefore the disappearance of this Nickel isotope must happen in a different way.
Let me spend a few words to advertise my theory .
In the reactions above I explicitly added (+e) because I believe that the "secret" of the LENR is a coupling with the electron. Li7 in a uncommon "physical-chemistry" event in the metal matrix, couples with one electron becoming a sort of "new particle": Li7e. Then this pseudo-particle, which is neutral already at picometric scales, can easily couple (through the same mechanism) with a Ni isotope: Li7eNixx. Li7 and Nixx become forced to travel inside the "circular" electron potential well. Soon they reach "nuclear contact" (at 2-3 [fm]) with very low excess kinetic energy, and can exchange the neutron because it is energetically convenient and probably Li7 offers it on the plane orthogonal to its magnetic moment, right where Nixx can easily "grab it".
Back to Ni64
Remember that Andrea Rossi for a certain time (about 2011-2013) stressed that he had a way to enrich isotopically Ni in number 62 AND 64. Now we know something of what that process is. However that process in its present form seems to consume Ni64 as well.
Since I believe the mechanism at the base of LENR is always the electron coupling, Ni64 couples with an electron that is itself coupled with another nucleus. In this case most probably the other nucleus is a proton, and the most likely result is:
Ni64 (+ e) + p -> Cu65 (+ e) + 6.94 [MeV]
In a small percentage of the reactions the electron crosses the two nuclei right while they are reacting and takes part in the nuclear reaction. This leads to the production of Ni65, which decays beta with a half life of about 2.5 [h]:
Ni64 + e + p -> Ni65 + neutrino + 5.32 [MeV]
Ni65 -> Cu65 + e + antineutrino + (max) 2.138 [MeV] (beta decay)
With the tiny charge the presence of the second process and its beta decay should almost be undetectable (but I haven't done the numbers).
I will later answer to Steven N. Karels as well.
Thank you all for these interactions
Andrea Calaon
They are beginning to talk about E-Cat in Wall Street:
Andrea Calaon,
An interesting analysis. Thank you. Please consider if the reaction
6Li + e + p -> 7Li
is possible.
If this were to occur, would not the available amount of 7Li increase?
Perhaps the rate equations favors the 7Li + Ni over the 6Li -> 7Li to establish the ash lithium isotropic ratio?
So what would happen is the 7Li fuses with the Ni to become 6Li and the next Ni isotope. Then occasionally an hydrogen nucleus fuses with a 6Li to replenish the 7Li nuclei. And the reaction continues until the hydrogen is depleted. Since there are four times as many hydrogen atoms in LiAlH4 than lithium atoms, the "fuel" is larger than you assumed.
Dear Andrea,
you said that "We cannot feed more information to our competition, which now is very powerful". My question is: how can any competitor be powerful without knowing the core effect that drive the ECat ? Do you know of any lab that succeded in replication of the Rossi Effect even in a minimal part ?
God bless you
Andrea Rossi, Silvio Caggia,
The Navajo message translates as "Thanks, Warm Regards."
" Jo, jo, jo. "
Happy Thanksgiving (in advance),
Joseph Fine
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Can you comment on the accuracy of The Report regarding the fuel composition?
a. Was LiAlH4 used as the source of hydrogen?
b. Was the nickel content in the fuel 55% by weight?
c. Was the lithium content of the fuel higher than The Report estimated?
Andrea Calaon wrote in November 19th, 2014 at 10:35 AM
"I am convinced that these are the reactions Andrea Rossi is investigating (remember his excitement at the article speaking about nucleus tunneling between Lithium7 and Nickel?). Note that, if the nuclear binding energy is not related to the nuclear force (as suggested by many and as in my theory), these reactions do not even involve the Weak interaction: They are purely electromagnetic.
Here are the reactions and the energies:
Ni58+Li7 ->Ni59+Li6 + 1.749 [MeV]
Ni59+Li7 ->Ni60+Li6 + 4.138 [MeV]
Ni60+Li7 ->Ni61+Li6 + 0.570 [MeV]
Ni61+Li7 ->Ni62+Li6 + 3.346 [MeV]"
Dear Andrea Calaon
Actually we have to be astonished with the question: why did not the nuclear theorists realize 80 years ago that strong nuclear force cannot be responsible for the nuclear binding energy of the nuclei??? Because if the strong force was interaction which responsible for the attraction proton-neutron and neutron-neutron, then the dineutron would exist in the nature.
Two neutrons linked by the strong force cannot be separated by the isospin proposed by Heisenberg, because only a force of repulsion would be able to win the attraction by the strong force between two neutrons, and an abstract mathematical concept as the isospin cannot create a force of repulsion.
So, from a simple question of logic, the strong force must be discarded as the responsible for the attraction proton-neutron and neutron-neutron within the nuclei.
But the question is not so easy as it seems.
By considering the Coulomb repulsion in the distances of 1fm between protons and neutrons within the nuclei, the electromagnetic interaction is not able supply the necessary force for the agglutination of the stable nuclei. There is need an interaction 100 times stronger than that promoted by the electromagnetic interaction in a distance of 1fm, and this is the reason why the nuclear theorists had discarded 80 years ago the electromagnetism as the promoter of the nuclear binding energy, and they had adopted the strong nuclear force, which interaction is 100 times stronger than the electromagnetism in the distance of 1fm.
And now finally the E-Cat is showing what the logic was suggesting to us, when we had faced the obvious: as two neutrons do not form the dineutron, then the strong nuclear force cannot promote the agglutination of the nuclei.
And the consequence: the nuclear theorists will be obliged to accept this unavoidable fact.
Nevertheless a problem arises: as the nucleus is not bound via the strong nuclear force, but in the distances of 1fm there is need a force 100 times stronger than that promoted by the electromagnetism, how can the nuclei be bound via the electromagnetism?
Obviously an acceptable new nuclear model must be able to explain such paradox, and the nuclear theorist will discard the theories which do not solve the puzzle.
You said: "as suggested by many and as in my theory".
However, how do you (and the many) explain it ?
In the nuclear model proposed in my Quantum Ring Theory the puzzle is solved as follows:
1) The nuclei are surrounded by an electric field.
See Figure 1:
2) Suppose a proton fuses with a nucleus. The fusion occurs as explained ahead.
3) The proton must perforate the electric field of the nucleus, so that to be captured by the nucleus.
4) When the proton perforates the electric field of the nucleus and they have fusion, the electric field of the nucleus has no repulsion with the electric field of the proton, because the two electric fields fuse by forming one unique electric field, surrounding the nucleus and the proton. By this way, the proton is not submitted to that Coulomb repulsion considered in the Standard Nuclear Model, in the order of 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic interaction.
5) The equilibrium of the newborn nucleus formed by the proton+(original nucleus) is promoted via the equilibrium between the action of the centrifugal force trying to expel the protons and neutrons of the newborn nucleus and the magnetic force actuating on the protons.
6) The stability of the light nuclei via equilibrium between magnetic force and centrifugal force is shown and calculated in my paper Stability of Light Nuclei, published in the JoNP:
As the nuclear theorists are now accepting the reality of the cold fusion, thanks to the performance of the E-Cat, sure that they will realize that there is need a new nuclear model for explaining the results obtained by Andrea Rossi.
And as the results obtained by the E-Cat are pointing out that the strong nuclear force cannot be the responsible for the agglutination of the nuclei, then facing the question on what will be the new nuclear model to be chosen (between the many new nuclear models proposing the electromagnetism as the cause of agglutination of the nuclei) of course they will consider only those models capable to explain the puzzle:
how can the electromagnetism to promote the agglutination of the nuclei, since there is need a force 100 times stronger than that promoted by the electromagnetism?
The best new nuclear model able to solve the puzzle will be chosen.
Dear All,
if Andrea Rossi allows me I will shortly abuse of the JoNP for a personal message.
Immediately after my last post, despite the grammatical and lexical mistakes, many peopled re-accessed the site where I have my theory written down.
I would like to stress that the documents in my theory-site are not up-to-date with the latest "news and changes". Still new things appear on a daily basis, therefore I will wait first the ideas to settle a bit and then I will write them.
When a complete review of my theory will be ready I will communicate it in one of my messages to the JoNP.
Best Regards,
Thank you Andrea
Dr. Rossi: It has been suggested safety certification will be a lot easier for the Gas Cat than for the Electric Cat. Is this true?
Dear Andrea,
You mention Leonardo Corporation bought back some licensing contracts from licensees. Going forward, are there any licensees that will continue with their licensee status?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Andrea Calaon:
How does your proposed reaction mechanism explain the observed reduction in the concentration of Ni64?
Regards; HRG.
Andrea Rossi, Silvio Caggia.
I have not translated the earlier comment made using the Navajo Codetalkers 'dialect'.
Best regards,
Joseph Fine
Dear Readers of the JoNP,
Andrea Rossi a few days ago, commenting the recent exchange of ideas about reactions that can justify the large isotopic shifts in Nickel and Lithium, said:
"The contradictions or errors possibly emerging from such kind of comments or articles cannot be commented by me".
In the "comments" of the Readers (like myself) for sure there are mistakes. But what is Andrea referring to with the word "articles"?
My guess is that if he could he would have criticized the conclusions of the report regarding the total content of Li and Ni in the powder and in the ash (may be not only these …).
The ICP-AES sample was 0.21% of the total powder and ash. Since the powder is a mixture of grains of different origin, the sample could well be not representative of the whole population. And so the real total content of Li7 could have been much more than 0.0117 [g] (1.17% of the charge powder), or conversely the Nickel content could have been much less than 0.55 [g].
In the last few days I eventually extended the study of the reactions to the energy they produce, comparing it to the measured energy released in the experiment. Well, …. I am a bit late, now is one and a half month after the publication of the report. But better late than never. The conclusions I arrive at contradict some of my guesses so far. Fortunately they also strongly point towards interesting conclusions.
Two starting points:
- 1.5 [MWh] are equal to 3.37E22 [MeV],
- The number of Nickel nuclei 58, 60 and 61 (all the forward shifting) present in the 0.55 [g] of Nickel (if the w% estimation is correct) are respectively: 3.84e21, 1.48e21, 6.433e19. (You have to actually to do some numbers from those in the report to get these). These values are obtained using the isotopic ratios.
Thus the average energy of a unitary Nickel forward shift reaction, FORGETTING LITHIUM, would be around 1.83 [MeV] (you have to consider that the number of reacting nuclei of Ni60 in a complete shift is actually equal to Ni58 plus all initial nuclei of Ni60, and that Ni58 reacts twice since it has to shift by two neutrons, …). If Lithium were added as a separate shift the average value would decrease. 1.83 [MeV] is a particularly low value for isotopic shifts.
Let us now compare this average energy with the energies that would be released by Nickel shifting separately from Lithium, and starting from lowest masses: father nucleus plus proton plus electron. Here they are:
Ni58+e+p ->Ni59+neutrino+ (max) 8.22 [MeV]
Ni59+e+p ->Ni60+neutrino+ (max) 10.61 [MeV]
Ni60+e+p ->Ni61+neutrino+ (max) 7.04 [MeV]
Ni61+e+p ->Ni62+neutrino+ (max) 9.81 [MeV]
Well, it is not necessary to check that the average (in the sense explained above) energy of all these reactions is far above the average experimental value. An this is only for the Nickel isotopic shift, than you should add the reactions that would shift Lithium. Conclusion: in the Hot Cat used in the first 32 days these reactions are not taking place.
Then let us look at the reactions in which Li7 swaps a neutron with the Ni isotopes. These should be the reactions providing the lowest possible energy, since they realize the two isotopic shifts without further father particles (energy).
I am convinced that these are the reactions Andrea Rossi is investigating (remember his excitement at the article speaking about nucleus tunneling between Lithium7 and Nickel?). Note that, if the nuclear binding energy is not related to the nuclear force (as suggested by many and as in my theory), these reactions do not even involve the Weak interaction: They are purely electromagnetic.
Here are the reactions and the energies:
Ni58+Li7 ->Ni59+Li6 + 1.749 [MeV]
Ni59+Li7 ->Ni60+Li6 + 4.138 [MeV]
Ni60+Li7 ->Ni61+Li6 + 0.570 [MeV]
Ni61+Li7 ->Ni62+Li6 + 3.346 [MeV]
All these reactions, in the case of a complete forward isotopic shift of 0.55 [g] of natural Nickel would have liberated a total energy 2.248 [MWh]. This value is about 1.5 times the measured energy (with an almost complete isotopic shift towards Ni62. But is as near as I can get.
I think there are no realistic reactions with lower released energy.
My conclusions are now these:
- The reactions that take place in the Hot Cat are those in which the neutron is exchanged between Li7 and Nickel.
- Hydrogen would seem unnecessary, apart from its possible lattice distortion effects.
- The reaction of Ni61 to Ni62 should be more "efficient" than the others because experimentally there was absolutely no Ni61 left, whereas all other shifts lead to Ni61 before the final jump to Ni62. In fact the theory I am proposing says that this reaction should be quicker than the others, since Ni61 is the only Nickel isotope that has a magnetic dipole moment.
- I think that the sampling of the powder for the ICP-AES was not lucky and led to numbers that can be misleading. The almost total isotopic shift of Ni and the analysis above tell me that most probably the charge powder contained a lower % of Ni: more or less 0.37 [g] for each gram. The corresponding Li (with natural isotopic ratio) for a complete Nickel shift would be 0.156[g] for each gram of fuel. Of which Li7 would be 0.144 [g] and Li6 0.0118 [g]. Is looks like the quantity that has the weight indicated in the report (0.0117 [g]) is precisely Li6, and not Li7. The other 47.4% in weight of the charge is made of the other nuclei as described in the Report.
I am convinced that who is studying this phenomenon for commercial purposes did similar analyses immediately after the report arriving to similar conclusions, independently from the theory applied.
Best Regards
Andrea Calaon
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Than-zie Lin Wol-la-chee Nesh-chee Klizzie-yazzi Dibeh,
Gloe-ih Wol-la-chee Gah Na-as-tso-si Gah Dzeh Klizzie Wol-la-chee Gah Be Dibeh!
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I understand that you can use electric current in order to "communicate" with the e-cat reactor in a sort of morse-code like:
———- (Prepare)
………. (Activate)
———- (Deactivate)
But with gas e-cat what will you use? "Smoke signals" like native Cherokees?
Dear Andrea, Your reply November 17th to Steven N. Karels. You say if the temperature reaches the safety limit the reactors turn off by a law of nature, whatever the source of the heat that causes a rise of the temperature.
I have several questions regarding your answer:-
1. If the reactors turn off by a law of nature/response mechanism can you be absolutely positive that a limit of safety has actually been reached?.
2. Would you consider this law of nature to be a hindrance to the performance of LENRs?.
3. Your ongoing R&D with regards the e-cat, is this with regards (a) the possible applications of the e-cat?. (b) An attempt to overcome this law of nature?. or
(c) Both?.
Regards Eric Ashworth.
In my last comment,
instead of the relative kinetic energy of the deuteron regarding the 3Li7 is E= 0,5.m.(V² – v²)
actually the relative kinetic energy is E= 0,5.m(V-v)²
How cold fusion may contribute for the solar nucleosynthesis
• Rafael wrote in November 12th, 2014 at 8:23 AM :
Maybe the sun is the product of a LENR, why not you try to mix the same chemical elements that has in the sun to see if you not create an artificial sun or get electricity or make a nuclear fusion propellant with less chemical elements, we already know what the sun is made of, just see on the wikipedia. Do not forget that the sun also has chromium nickel and calcium.
Dear Rafael
All the current theories of Modern Physics had been developed from the concept of empty space. So, the concept of field considered in the QFT–Quantum Field Theory does not take in consideration any structure for the space.
That's why in the Standard Nuclear Physics the electric field of the particles as the proton, the electron, and also the electric fied of the nuclei, is considered as a spherical field involving the particles, or the nucleus.
This electric field of the nuclei considered in the Standard Nuclear Physics is a homogeneous sphere (it means that in any point of the field the value of the electric vector is always the same). Therefore, when a particle as the proton is forced to enter within a nucleus because it is submitted to very high pressure and temperature, the energy necessary to win the Coulomb repulsion is always the same (because no matter where is the point of the electric field of the nucleus where the proton enters, since the energy necessary is the same in any point of the electric field of the nucleus).
Such concept of field adopted in the QFT introduced several puzzles in the Standard Nuclear Physics.
For instance, when an alpha particle (2He4) exits the nucleus 92U238, it leaves out with an energy lower than the energy necessary to put an alpha particle within the nucleus 92U. Such paradox was solved by Gamow. However his solution is not acceptable, because he introduced another paradox in his solution. Besides, if the 2He4 should exit the 92U as proposed by Gamow, because the electric field of the 92U is spherical the 2He4 would have to exit the 92U with a tangential line (because of the rotation of the 92U). But the experiments show that the 2He4 exits the 92U with a radial line.
Other puzzle is the emission of solar neutrinos by the Sun, as we see from the paper published by the journal Nature in 1984:
Solar neutrinos and other problems and their relation to energy production in the Sun:
"Models of the solar interior, based on the usual physical assumptions, predict a neutrino flux several times greater than that observed in the Davis 37Cl experiment. If, as is widely accepted, this discrepancy represents a 'flaw' in the standard solar model one would expect this flaw to manifest itself in other ways also. Here we point out some less well known discrepancies between theoretical predictions of the standard solar model and relevant observations. ".
The problem is not solved yet, as we realize from the last updated on 23 September 2013 version of the paper The 3He(α,γ)7Be reaction for big bang and stellar nucleosynthesis:
"…; looking for physics beyond standard model of particle physics. Naturally, the reaction attracted early attention of experimentalists and theoreticians alike in the 1950's. Surprisingly, even today much work needs to be done via nuclear physics experiments to understand this reaction and provide information to the colleagues working on big bang nucleosynthesis, standard solar model and standard model of particle physics".
Perhaps the puzzle of the rate of solar neutrinos cannot be solved via the Standard Model because they are not considering the cold fusion in the Sun. The emission of neutrinos from cold fusion reactions occurs in a rate very lower than that occurring in hot fusion.
Probably some steps in the nucleosynthesis of some elements in the Sun occurs via cold fusion. And therefore it is impossible to conciliate any theory developed from the Standard Model with the experimental astronomical observations.
An experiment published in 2011 proved that space is no empty
The experiment was published in the journal Nature. Light was produced by the space. And therefore the space cannot be empty. It must have a structure, so that to be able to emit light.
A vacuum can yield flashes of light
Therefore the concept of electric field adopted in the Quantum Field Theory must be wrong.
A new concept of electric field, based on the concept of a space having a structure is proposed in the Quantum Ring Theory.
And here a crucial point emerges: there is no way to propose a spherical shape of electric field by considering the space with structure.
Therefore the concept of field adopted in Quantum Field Theory cannot be correct.
Other fundamental puzzle impossible to be solved by considering the concept of field adopted in QFT is concerning the null magnetic moment of even-even nuclei with equal quantity of protons and neutrons, as 2He4, 4Be8, 6C12, 8O16, 10Ne20, etc. Due to the monopolar nature of the electric charge. For instance, the 2He4 has two protons. As the nucleus has rotation, the rotation of the two protons has to induce a magnetic moment. So, by considering the model of field adopted in QFT, it is impossible to explain the null magnetic moment of the 2He4, and all the other even-even nuclei with equal quantity of protons and neutrons.
I had challenged several nuclear theorists for coming to Rossi-Focardi blog Journal of Nuclear Physics-(JoNP) so that to explain how such puzzle could be solved according to the Standard Model. No one nuclear theorist did come.
The reason why the model of field adopted in Quantum Field Theory cannot explain the null magnetic moment of the even-even nuclei with equal quantity of protons and neutrons is because in QFT it is adopted the mono-field model. In my paper Aether Structure for unification between gravity and electromagnetism, submitted for publication in the JoNP, it is shown that the null magnetic moment of those nuclei can also be explained via a double-field model (an outer electric field concentric with an inner central field composed by gravitons), adopted in Quantum Ring Theory.
The Fig. 1 ahead shows the two concentric fields of a proton, as proposed in the paper Aether Structure for unification between gravity and electromagnetism.
As the radius of the electric field has the magnitude of the Bohr's radius 10^-11m, and the radius of the nucleus is 10^-15m, of course the Fig. 1 does not show the real proportion between the fields. The Fig. 2 show a better proportionality (but of course not real yet):
As seen in the Figure 2, there are two "holes" in the electric fields of the particles, and also in the electric fields of the nuclei.
Under suitable condictions of low pressure and temperature, a nucleon as a proton or a deuteron can enter within a nucleus through that hole by having lower energy than that necessary if the nucleon is forced to enter via any other point of the electric field of the nucleus.
By considering that nucleons also may exit a nucleus via the hole in the electric field of the nuclei, we eliminate two paradoxes of the Standard Nuclear Physics:
1) The unacceptable paradox introduced by Gamow, proposed for explaining how a 2He4 can exit the 92U with energy lower than the necessary to cross the Coulomb barrier of the electric field of the 92U
2) Why the 2He4 exits the 92U by a radial trajectory as detected by experiments (impossible to explain from the Gamow theory based on the Standard Model).
How a nucleon may enter within a nucleus
Cold fusion may occur by two ways:
1) Via resonance within vessels with conditions of low pressure and temperature, as occurs in the Rossi's E-Cat.
2) Via kinetic energy in vessels with conditions of very high pressure and temperature, as the Sun. Let us see how it may occur:
a) In the Sun, more than 99,999% of the fusions occur via high nuclear reactions.
b) Cold fusion occurs in less than 0,001% of the nuclear fusions
c) It is very hard to occur cold fusion in the Sun, because the nucleons (for instance a proton) have very high kinetic energy in the star. So, when a proton enters within a nucleus via the "hole" in the electric field of the nucleus, the fusion does not occur (the nucleus cannot capture the proton) because due to the very high kinetic energy the proton simply trespass the nucleus, exiting the nucleus in the other "hole" opposite to the "hole" where the proton had entered.
d) But a cold fusion reaction may occur as follows:
d.1) Within the Sun all the nuclei are moving very fast, and every time changing the direction of their motion due to the collision with other nuclei.
d.2) But suppose that a nucleus (for instance 3Li7) in an exact instant is moving along the x-axis with speed "v", with the "hole" of its field aligned toward the x-axis. And consider that a deuteron with speed "V" (moving in the same direction along the x-axis) in that exact instant collides against the 3Li7, because the speed V is faster than v. In that condition the relative kinetic energy of the deuteron regarding the 3Li7 is E= 0,5.m.(V² – v²), where "m" is the mass of the deuteron. Therefore the kinetic energy of the deuteron in some very rare conditions is suitable low so that, when the deuteron enters within the 3Li7, the deuteron is captured, and 3Li7 transmutes to 4Be9.
The difference between cold fusion and hot fusion
There are three basic differences between hot fusion and cold fusion:
1) Hot fusion occurs when a nucleon enters within a nucleus (only under extreme conditions of high pressure and temperature) when the nucleon succeeds to perforate the electric field of the nucleus.
2) Cold fusion occurs when the particle enters within a nucleus via the "hole" existing in the electric fields of the nuclei. It can occur either in low or in high conditions of temperature and pressure.
3) In order to enter within a nucleus via hot fusion, a particle needs to have a very big kinetic energy. So, when the particle enters within the nucleus, due to the very high kinetic energy of the nucleon the nucleus is excited, and this is the reason why gamma photons are emitted. Unlike, in the case of cold fusion, as the particle enters with low energy the nucleus is not excited, and gamma rays are not emitted. So, also the tax of neutrinos emission in cold fusion is lower than in the case of hot fusion.
Therefore, such property of cold fusion of emitting lower quantity of neutrinos can be response for the question why from the Standard Nuclear Physics there is no way to conciliate the hot fusion reactions in the Sun with the flux of neutrinos emitted by that star.
As we may realize, beyond the challenge of finding a theory capable to explain cold fusion by keeping the principles of the Standard Nuclear Physics there are many other challenges in Nuclear Physics impossible to be solved via the Standard Nuclear Physics.
Up to now the nuclear theorists refused to think about a New Theory based on new fundamental concepts missing in the Standard Nuclear Physics, because of two reasons:
1) Cold fusion is impossible to occur by considering the Standard Model
2) Therefore they were sure it would be possible to solve the unsolved questions by keeping the Standard Model.
But now cold fusion is a reality: Rossi's Effect was confirmed by three universities of the Europe. And the nuclear theorists worlswide are beginning to accept this new reality, as by one of the top level nuclear phusicist of Russia, Dr Uzikov:
Therefore a reasonable person must realize that it makes no sense to continue trying to explain cold fusion via the old Standard Model. Because the problem is beyond the challenge of finding a theory for explaining cold fusion, actually now the cold fusion became the way for solving the unsolved questions.
Some nuclear theorists have the hope to explain cold fusion via the Standard Model. When we reply to them that cold fusion is impossible to occur from the principles of the Standard Model, they say that we don't know in deep the Standard Model. However, we may reply to those nuclear theorists: actually you don't know in deep the structures existing in the Nature. They are very different of that considered in the Standard Nuclear Physics, by beginning from the structure of the space, and as consequence the structure of the electric field of the nuclei, responsible for the difference between hot fusion and cold fusion.
Dear Andrea,
Since you are understandably in your quiet period with respect to the mechanics of your device, perhaps we can speculate together about the physics involved and how the analysis of the ashes by the professors can lead us. From your previous remarks, I get the feeling that you are not completely satisfied with your present theory and that the ash analysis surprised you to a certain extent.
One thing that stands out for me is the apparent neutron involvement indicated by the reported isotope content. At the energies involved for instance any free produced neutrons must be slow(thermal)neutrons, which exhibit therefore a much larger cross section for interaction with other isotopes within the structure. You of course have a much better knowledge of starting materials both quantity and quality so you can more readily pass judgment on any proposed theories. If it is possible, you can save us time and effort if you can rule out various proposals. For example, one theory requires 4He to be generated. Have you ever measured an increase of this isotope when your device is operating? Are the reported ash ratios of isotopes consistent with the starting amounts? I understand that some of the questions may involve confidential information, but if you can provide some answers perhaps we can provide possible reaction directions.
Mutual regards.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I can understand your reluctance for further public testing. Too much exposure now can mean too much immediate demand which is bad for a developing business as well as feeding your competition at the expense of your R&D.
Dear A.Rossi
First of all congratulations for visibility gained in the media following your last ITP, in Italy Panorama (n.47) made a good piece.
Here I would suggest that this visibility is now of paramount importance for the success of the E-Cat and I would continue to do public short demonstrations for promotional purposes.
Please could you briefly summarize the progress of the new 1MW plant compared to the equipotent plant originally projected.
Best regards
Dear Andrea Rossi,
You have probably already considered this. On the gas-fired eCat reactors, I assume the gas flame will be applied to the exterior surface of each eCat reactor. Therefore, the heat fluid (e.g., water) being heated should be running coaxially inside the eCat reactor. Depending on the requirements you may want to run all of these in parallel or use a series plumbing scheme so that some of the eCat reactors run at a lower temperature and some at a higher temperature range (single stage, two stage or multi-stage designs).
On the maintenance side, I would strongly suggest that the location of each eCat be readily recognizable (e.g., numbered or lettered) and that the individual eCat reactors be monitored so that fuel lifetime, temperature history and maintenance actions are noted and retrievable. A user-friendly graphics display system should show the overall system status and then be able to "drill-down" to a specific eCat reactor module. A database of the overall system and each eCat reactor should be automatically maintained both at the customer location and at your corporate location, although the information stored may be different. Some type of internet interrogation and control should be considered, with proper security implementations. Some type of built-in-test (BIT) is needed.
Some type of load-averaging control should be implemented so when the system is running at partial output power, the fuel consumption of the eCat reactors is managed to maximize operational time between maintenance actions (i.e., don't run one specific eCat reactor all the time forcing it to consume all of its fuel when most of the surrounding eCat reactors have plenty of fuel left).
Some thoughts,
Dear Dott. Rossi
If I am not wrong, you stated some time ago that in a reasonable timelapse you would have been be able to open a customer installation to visitors, therefore disclosing the customer's name. Am I wrong? Which is the situation right now?
My best regards
Dear Readers and Andrea,
Thank you Andrea, and thanks to Dan C's help, for making this video available.
I felt, from reading company PR material and articles on Tom Darden's ideology in recovering brownfields into sustainable, environmental compatible and profitable properties, there was much more to the story in selecting Cherokee Investments.
This remarkable 2011 YouTube of UNC Kenan-Flagler business school presentation made it quite clear the reasons why Andrea has entrusted the E-Cat into Tom Darden's/IH capable hands. Obviously the integrity and purposeful sincere intent projected in this video by Tom and William McDonough is to construct a better world under 'right' business models framed with ethical practices. Practices, WM says, founded on Thomas Jefferson's three directives in the Declaration of Independence "with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness". With our liberty, McDonough stresses, we should provide for everyone opportunity to the Pursuit of Happiness including the poor with clean water and accessible housing.
This, in my opinion, is a must view video to those who wish to understand what is behind Andrea and Tom Darden's philosophical core values and their vision to incorporate the "New Fire" for all generations.
Thank you, Andrea.
… dedicated also to the whole wizardry Team, of course!
>It appears we moved the mountains!
No, dear Andrea, this time you didn't move any mountain, THEY were obliged to go to *your* mountain, instead. And I want to dedicate this energetic and inspired song to your personal story, because you are the man on the silver mountain, "show them the way, the light and the fire, they will scream your name, and make you holy again"
RAINBOW – Man On The Silver Mountain
I'm a wheel, I'm a wheel
I can roll, I can feel
And you can't stop me turning
Cause I'm the sun, I'm the sun
I can move, I can run
But you'll never stop me burning
Come down with fire
Lift my spirit higher
Someone's screaming my name
Come and make me holy again
I'm the man on the silver mountain
I'm the man on the silver mountain
I'm the day, I'm the day
I can show you the way
And look I'm right beside you
I'm the night, I'm the night
I'm the dark and the light
With eyes that see inside you
Come down with fire
Lift my spirit higher
Someone's screaming my name
Come and make me holy again
Dear Mr. Rossi
The link you provided to Brokeeper is unavailable. Has a typo
I believe this is the video,
The link you provide "v=OfO" should be "v=OfQ"
William McDonough and Thomas Darden – UNC Kenan-Flagler
About William McDonough and Thomas Darden – UNC Kenan-Flagler:
The correct link is this:
Yes,dear Dott Rossi,you with Prof Focardi,have moved mountains.
Before your appearance on the scene,few people knew that "cold fusion" is real,now the world knows it.
I'd call it "Rossi Focardi effect" !
Thank you all,again.
Regards G G
Dear Andrea,
Thank you very much for your added response. However, clicking on the YouTube link gives:
"This Video is Unavailable. Sorry about that"
Dear Andrea,
referring to the gas E-CAT i have a question.
Is the gas needed only for reaching an activation point of the reaction and then you switch off the gas and mantain an eletric driver or the gas is burned continously?
And if so which is the power (in electric Watts) needed to drive the reaction?
Why the electric driver was so high in the test of TPR2?
Thank you
Dear Andrea Rossi,
My previous question was in the event of a building fire, not caused by your equipment, would the eCat reactor
a. pose the same danger level as a tank of compressed hydrogen (because the Rossi Effect might be triggered even if the eCat was powered down) or
b. would the internal temperature slowly rise (due the building fire and/or the Rossi Effect) until the nickel withing the eCat reactor melted and the Rossi Effect was no longer possible?
Dear Andrea Rossi
You recently reported the maximum operating temperature of the e-cat to be 1400C
Can you say whether this maximum temperature is due to:
1. the nature so-called Rossi effect, or
2. the current state of the art of the e-cat technology.
Thank you.


text:
UAE | Crime
Former Dubai College auditor gets 5-year sentence for stealing Dh15.7m
Man accused of cashing 200 cheques from the college and pocketing the money
Dubai: An auditor of the Dubai College has been sentenced to five years in jail in abstensia and fined the Dh15.77 million he is accused of embezzling from the college.
The theft, which took place over a period of 16 months from June 2010, came to light in November last year. The accused has the right to request a retrial under the criminal procedure law if he is arrested or hands himself in to the court.
The man was found guilty of issuing 200 cheques on behalf of the college and pocketing the amount. It is believed he replaced the beneficiaries' names by leaving a space between the letters then signing his own name as the beneficiary, the manager claimed to prosecutors.
He issued cheques to du, Dewa and DHL, got the manager's signature and then wrote his own name on the cheques and cashed them.
The Dubai Court of First Instance convicted the 37-year-old Indian auditor, A.D., of abusing his job at the college, embezzling money and forging official documents.
The court also ordered the accused — who is at large — to repay Dh15.77 million he stole from the college.
"The accused will also be sacked from his job. He will be deported after serving his punishment after his arrest," said Presiding Judge Ali Atiyyah Sa'ad.
The Public Funds Prosecution charged the man with forging nine cheques to Dewa worth Dh4.7 million, 48 cheques to du worth Dh3.9 million, 75 cheques to DHL worth Dh4.3 million, and 60 cheques to various beneficiaries worth Dh2.59 million.
The British manager of the college told the court that the incident was discovered when the college hired an external financial auditor.
"When the defendant was asked to provide the financial auditor with all the books and records, A.D. claimed that the system crashed. He alleged that the system repeatedly gave discrepancies in the numbers due to that glitch. The suspect kept on stalling us until November last year. I suspected his attitude and asked the college's technicians to check whether the system had crashed or malfunctioned. The financial auditor discovered that the suspect forged more than 200 cheques and pocketed their amounts. The defendant used to replace the beneficiaries' names by leaving space between the letters then inking his own name as the beneficiary," the manager claimed to prosecutors.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Relevant offers
Nickelback's Mike Kroeger sees things in black and white: if you don't like it, don't do it. And that goes for everything from the band's music to touring the world.
Kroeger and the band he started almost 20 years ago with brother, and front man, Chad and guitarist Ryan Peake - later joined by drummer Daniel Adair - will play their first ever headline show in New Zealand at Auckland's Vector Arena on Friday.
It's part of a world tour taking in places like Russia and Belarus to top off another frantic year.
"The year's been busy, and that's a blessing and not a complaint. There are a lot of people who do what we do and would consider all this work something really hard and something to complain about, but we're not really like that.
"I think you'll get plenty of time off when your career is over. Don't worry about it, right now just have fun with it and enjoy it while it lasts, because nothing lasts forever, especially in this job."
Right now, the Canadian band is riding an interesting wave of success that has firmly divided music lovers.
On one hand, they have seven albums under their belt and sold close to 25 million worldwide. They have won American Music Awards, Billboard Awards and been nominated for six Grammys.
On the other, they were voted the world's biggest musical turn-off, there was a petition to stop them performing at a Thanksgiving Day football game and if you search Twitter the comments aren't pretty.
None of that worries Kroeger though. He said criticism is only hard if you acknowledge it.
"We don't defend ourselves, we don't care. But our fans take it upon themselves to, which is very endearing and sweet...they defend it and they come to the rock shows. It's just for us to realise that there are people out there that dig it and we'll keep doing it until they stop asking for more.
"And if anybody really doesn't like it, it's not compulsory - you don't have to do this to yourself. Hating is apparently really fun. I don't get it, but it looks like it's quite a cottage industry out there."
Despite the negative reactions, there is nothing Kroeger would prefer to be doing. This, he said, is the rock and roll dream and if people don't like it, they might want to reconsider things.
"I wouldn't be going to New Zealand if I wasn't doing this because I probably wouldn't be able to afford it. The music life has taken us places and shown us things that we would never ever have experienced. And it's still doing it now.
"A lot of people bitch and moan about how hard it is; 'oh I'm so tired'. F***. I've dug holes for a living, and this is nothing like that on a bad day. Nothing. It's not working in a coal mine. Those people have a right to b*tch about their jobs because it's hard. This isn't hard."
WHEN: November 30
WHERE: Vector Arena, Auckland
- Auckland Now
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2012 Fantasy Football Week #20
Latest NFL News & Injuries
- Saints RB Pierre Thomas returns to practice
- Texans RB Arian Foster (groin) to be game-time decision in Week 12
- Vikings land free agent RB Ben Tate off waivers
- Vikings RB Adrian Peterson suspended for remainder of season, to remain on exempt list
- Steelers cut ties with RB LeGarrette Blount
- Browns release RB Ben Tate
- Colts RB Ahmad Bradshaw placed on season-ending injured reserve
- Saints WR Brandin Cooks placed on IR
- Broncos RB Montee Ball, TE Julius Thomas, and WR Emmanuel Sanders all injured in Week 11
- Colts RB Ahmad Bradshaw believed to have broken ankle; tests coming Monday
- Colts TE Dwayne Allen suffers what's believed to be high ankle sprain
- UPDATE: Saints WR Brandin Cooks breaks thumb; expected to miss four to six weeks
- NFL Game Previews / Stat Matchups
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Rosberg trailed his teammate in both FP1 and FP2.
The Tasmanian Devil is back behind the wheel of a V8 Supercar.
Fellow Audi driver salutes his mentor.
Belgian closes gap to Nasr to 4 points
Elliott Sadler looks forward to reunion with Phil Gould
Perris Auto Speedway in California hosts the annual event with Parnelli Jones as Grand Marshal.
ART Grand Prix's Marvin Kirchhöfer fastest, Alex Lynn takes title
Another driver faced penalty due to usage of a sixth engine.
Mercedes topped the charts in FP2 at Yas Marina.
Sebastian Vettel may be joining Ferrari at just the right moment.
Championship leader finishes first ahead of title rival Rosberg in opening practice at Yas Marina Circuit
Another Mercedes showdown for the Abu Dhabi Friday practice 1.
Marussia/Manor F1's Graeme Lowdon says that the team is still trying to race in 2015, despite not being able to get to Abu Dhabi.
The new association's goals are to ensure the championship remains competitive and compelling entertainment whilst maintaining cost control and the commercial sustainability of the series.
Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg separated by the narrowest of margins on a scorching opening day's running at the Yas Marina Circuit.
One title is still up for grabs on the legendary Grand Prix circuit in the Brazilian megacity São Paulo.
Racer started at Bondurant School in 1991.
Driver Colin Thompson to lead the effort.
The Brazilian driver will share the Ferrari #61.
Carlin's Alex Lynn fastest in Free Practice in Abu Dhabi
The 414 vehicles on the start list and their drivers and riders will tackle over 9,000 kilometres of roads, tracks and dunes in their quest through Argentina, Chile and Bolivia.
Jonathan Bomarito's career has come full circle.
Leading Winner in the History of the Le Mans, Sebring Classics
Drive in Free Practice 1 is the latest step in Esteban Ocon's driver development programme.
The BAMP project, headed by the Portuguese pilot, partners up with the South African manufacturer of the Nissan V8 cross country rally car, Red-Lined Motorsport, to develop a top competition race car for the Dakar Rally.


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Hearty Pasta Dishes
Creamy Bow Tie Pasta with Mushrooms and Dried Tomatoes
In the original version of this simple but elegant dish of bowtie pasta, mushrooms, and dried tomatoes, the ingredients are enveloped in a rich cream sauce. I've streamlined and veganized it by making a creamy sauce of low-fat white beans instead. Serve with a colorful salad and fresh crusty bread. Photos by Hannah Kaminsky. more→
Vegan Spinach-Mushroom Lasagna
I almost named this "The World's Easiest Lasagna" because this dish is super easy to make. Using no-boil noodles and pre-made sauce cuts prep time down so much that you can throw this together pretty quickly and your dinner guests will think you slaved away in the kitchen for hours. I served this at a party once and it was a huge hit, so I can attest to it's omnivore friendliness. It's also cat friendly, as I caught Archie sitting on the counter nibbling on it after I turned my back. I guess that cliché about orange cats and lasagna is true! Also, this tastes even better reheated the next day. Contributed by Dianne Wenz, from VeggieGirl. more→
Pasta, Beans, and Greens with Creamy Cashew Sauce
After being asked where I get my protein, I'm usually asked where vegans get their calcium. From beans and greens, of course! This recipe fits my at-least-4-colors at every meal rule (green kale, brown mushrooms, white shallots, red sun-dried tomatoes, and black olives), but it also follows Dr Fuhrman's G-BOMBS plan (greens, beans, onions mushrooms – berries and seeds will have to wait for another meal). I didn't make it with any plan in mind though – I just knew the combination would taste good! Contributed by Dianne Wenz, from VeggieGirl. Photos by Hannah Kaminsky.
Pasta Curry with Cauliflower and Chickpeas
Pasta and veggie combos are always welcome, no matter what time of year. Though not a traditional combination, I long ago discovered that pasta marries well with curry. With the addition of cauliflower and chickpeas, it's a tasty Italian/Indian fusion that's ready in 30 minutes or so. Use a whole-grain or even a gluten-free pasta. This tastes just as good at room temperature as it does warm (or even hot!). Serve with fresh corn during the summer; or any green vegetable for cooler weather meals. Add a big salad and you're all set. more→
Penne with Chard and Beans
Chard is a beloved kitchen-garden vegetable in Italian cuisine, from which this pasta dish is inspired. Combined with beans and fresh tomatoes, this stick-to-your-ribs late summer pasta dish will satisfy the heartiest of appetites. A big salad and fruity dessert complete the meal. more→
Penne Primavera with Avocado Cashew Cream
I like to use penne pasta in this recipe, but any bite-sized pasta will work well. This dish is best if eaten immediately after prepared since the sauce may begin to turn brown if made in advance. Use gluten-free pasta to make this gluten-free. From Nut Butter Universe* by Robin Robertson. ©2013 Robin Robertson. Used by permission from Vegan Heritage Press. Photo by Lori Maffei.
Pasta with Roasted Vegetables and Olives
This easy and delectable dish combines roasted eggplant, peppers, and broccoli with pasta. It's perfect for cool weather months, when you want something comforting yet not too heavy, with plenty of flavorful veggies. Serve with a big salad to which chickpeas or beans have been added, and a crusty bread. Adapted from Vegan Express. Photo by Susan Voisin, FatFree Vegan Kitchen. more→
Pasta with Greens, Chickpeas, and Olives
This quick and nourishing year-round pasta recipe calls for chard, kale, or spinach, but you can use a combination or even substitute broccoli rabe or mustard greens. My personal favorite in this dish is chard, as it's so good in the Italian-style trio of pasta with greens and legumes. Just add a colorful salad and you've got a meal. Recipe from Wild About Greens* by Nava Atlas.


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Character in Harry Potter Books, or Current U.S. Navy Rear Admiral?
1. Crookshanks
2. Dumbledore
3. Stufflebeem
4. Roughead
5. Snape
6. Zelibor
7. Voldemort
8. Quigley
9. Grubbly-Plank
10. Potter
Potter Character: 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9.
Admiral: 3, 4, 6, and 8.
Both: 10.
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MINNEAPOLIS — Tom Johnson saw one of hundreds of cat photos circulating on the Web. Before long, he was taking pictures of his own cat — with a pancake on its head.
Funky fads flourish thanks to social media
The Minneapolis man succumbed to one of the absurd Internet phenomena (or memes) that have been whizzing around the social media world faster than anyone can make sense of them.
A meme is an image, a video, a phrase or even an idea that catches on and spreads from one person to another for no logical reason. Popular memes include bursting into someone else's photo, doing your own take on a viral video a la "Gangnam Style," or, well, balancing a pancake on your cat's head. The weirder the meme, the more copycats it attracts.
"I'm a fan of memes that are so stupid their humor has an almost transcendent quality," said Johnson. "They're so hard to explain to someone who hasn't seen them, because they literally make no sense. … They're like inside jokes."
As long as there have been photos, people have been manipulating them. And we've been doing knock-off videos since the first camcorders came on the market. But social media have changed the speed and the reach of images that used to get a laugh from a small circle of friends or be the highlight of the family photo album.
"The ability to publish and share photos online allows us to connect to one another in real time, transcending geography," said Lisa Grimm of Space150, a Minneapolis-based digital agency.
For Colin Hickey, who helped develop a hot new meme, "It's a fun way to be a part of something bigger than yourself. With the Internet, you're able to share a picture with someone on the other side of the world doing the same thing as you."
But being connected is only part of the draw. The chance to be the next YouTube or Instagram sensation is driving people to get more, uh, creative with what they do in front of a camera. Here's a look at a few of the latest photo fads:
Photobombing (verb): becoming an uninvited participant in someone else's photograph.
While living in New York, the photobombing of tourists quickly became a favorite pastime for Ashley Mattson, who now lives in Minneapolis. Tired of slogging through throngs of tourists posing for photos in Times Square, she started jumping into the background of their pictures and making goofy faces.
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Easy Upgrades: 18 November Must-Haves Under $100
From corner office upgrades on an assistant's salary to weekend gear guaranteed to get noticed, the best sub-Benjamin buys from this month's GQ
15. Gap color-blocked gloves
How about a little slight of hand? Instead of the same black gloves every Aeron jockey wears, juice up winter with this bright orange pair for a little oomph.
$25, available at gap.com
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We stayed here for 1 night last weekend with friends. Again we booked the Beefeater £23.99 meal deal, which means you can choose 2 courses and a drink for dinner, and this time that includes everything off the menu although a supplement may be charged for the most expensive items and add a dessert for £2. Then for breakfast it's... More
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- Kings' Slava Voynov will face felony assault charge
- Tim Howard earns U.S. Male Soccer Athlete of the Year honor
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- Sharks close trip with uninspired loss 4-1 loss to Sabres
- Chargers notes: Seyi Ajirotutu fined, Ryan Mathews and Manti Te'O to return after bye
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- VIDEO: Steve Ballmer scares his son with enthusiasm after Clippers' win
49ers news: Patrick Willis mostly healed and ready for opener
- Updated: September 5, 2013
San Francisco 49ers middle linebacker Patrick Willis will be ready to play the season opener on Sunday against the Green Bay Packers, according to Matt Maiocco of CSNBayArea.com.
The 28-year is still recovering from a broken right hand that he suffered on July 31 during practice in a 0ne-on-one pass-rush drill with fullback Bruce Miller. Willis returned to practice last week and in Wednesday's practice he appeared ready to go as he participated fully with no limitation while also sporting the gloves he usually wears which did not feature any extra padding over his right hand. He was also not listed by the team on the injury report that is given to the league office.
"I feel like if I'm going to be on the field, I can't let it affect my play," Willis said. "I don't want to cheat my teammates of anything. If I'm going to be out there, I have to make sure I'm ready to go and no excuses. Whatever needs to be done, I have to get it done."
The Injury that he suffered is one that typically takes about two months to fully heal but the six-time Pro Bowl selection is optimistic and is not concerned about any possible setbacks.
"They say it takes eight weeks for a bone to completely heal," Willis said. "This Friday, it'll be five weeks since the surgery. But the doctor said it looks good. That's a good thing."
In his football career, it marks the fourth time Willis broke his right hand as he suffered this type of injury once during his sophomore year at the University of Mississippi where he wore a cast during a portion of the season and twice in the NFL as wore a cast during his rookie season in 2006 and in a game late in the 2010 season.
"Not the same spot," Willis said. "I'm right-handed, so I tend to be a little bit more forceful with the right hand. It's one of the things when it happened, I rushed a million times and got it stepped on and hit, everything. Something as small as what I did is what broke it."
The six-year veteran appears to be ready for the season to begin as he is prepared to take on the Packers, who have an improved rushing attack with rookie running backs Eddie Lacy and Johnathan Franklin, but knows that he will be spending most of his time back in coverage defending against passes from quarterback Aaron Rodgers.
"We want to take away everything," Willis said. "We know they added some running backs. They got a $100 million quarterback, so we knew they're going to want him to throw the ball. They got some good receivers and a good tight end, so we know they're not going to get too far away from what they do, and that's pass."
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Two 17-year-old inmates who escaped from a juvenile detention center near Farmville early Saturday were captured hours later in a bean field near the Prince Edward County community of Elam. The rural area where they were caught is a few miles east of downtown Farmville (pictured). Three male inmates tried to escape from the Piedmont Regional Juvenile Center, and one was apprehended before he could get out of the facility.
Teen Inmates Make Brief Escape From Farmville Area Juvenile Facility
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The Rector of the UVA Board of Visitors opened a special meeting Tuesday afternoon by apologizing to the woman who was the subject of a recent article in Rolling Stone magazine.


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Developer- and Publisher-specific Articles: Stoic
The Banner Saga launches for PC, mind the eyes and ears of the wild
Posted on January 14, 2014
Would-be Vikings and adventurers, strap on your axe, secure the cart, and grab a cloak because it's time to hit the trails. The Banner Saga, a Viking-themed strategy role-playing game from Stoic, is now available for Mac and Windows PC. The Kickstarter-funded title puts players amongst a caravan that must traverse vast tracts of dangerous wilderness filled with beasts and bandits to secure the survival of their people. Choices made during conversation and on the road will determine how the journey plays out, as players will meet fellow travelers along the way as well as take to the field in tactical turn-based battles when enemies attack.
The Banner Saga to set out into the wilds next January
Posted on November 8, 2013
The Banner Saga, one of the more notable Kickstarter successes of last year, now has an official release date: January 14. A launch trailer was also released to celebrate the announcement, giving gamers a peak at the lovely visuals and turn-based combat that await them as one of the leaders of a Viking caravan making their way through harsh lands.


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Distinctive Wine Frames Promoting Cork Decor With Gift Card Deal
Thursday December 5th, 2013 - 5:34PM
These are shortcuts to your favorite social networking and bookmark sites. Add this story to your Facebook page, del.icio.us, DiggIt, and many others!
Distinctive Wine Frames has entered the market with a line of wine cork shadow boxes, picking up on a trend that has gained popularity in restaurants and other places were people enjoy a glass of wine: turning used corks in decorations. The Distinctive Wine Frames products come in three sizes, large, small and skinny, with the large frame holding about 500 corks, the small holding about 250 corks, and the skinny holding about 190 corks. The line offers boxes in three materials: Brazilian Cherry, White Oak and Clear Pine.
With the frames, the company urges purchasers to throw a Fill Up Your Wine Cork Frame Party, which it characterizes as a great event for bridal/couple showers, wine tastings, book clubs, wine clubs, fundraisers or any other imbibing occasion.
Distinctive Wine Frames encourages partygoers to photograph the event and email the shots to the company, which, in turn, will look to post them on its Facebook page and send the contributor a $10 company gift card.
Tags: distincitve wine frames • corks • shadow box • Housewares • Home Décor • Tabletop •
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The Numbers Add Up to Republican DominanceThis is what a red state looks like: United States Senator John Cornyn, a Republican, received 61.6 percent of the vote statewide. Mr. Cornyn did worse than that, on a percentage basis, in only 38 of the state's 254 counties. King County, about ... Austin American Statesman, 18 hours ago
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Texas U.S. Senate hopeful David Alameel, who lost to incumbent Republican John Cornyn by a 27-point margin on Nov. 4, is giving no indication of fading away. In an email Tuesday providing excerpts of his Election Night speech, Alameel trashed the ...Houston Chronicle, 2 weeks ago
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Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) said the public wouldn't tolerate the administration's decision to bypass Congress on a nuclear deal with Iran. The American people will not tolerate a president who wheels and deals with a radical regime behind their ...The Hill, 1 month ago Cornyn Responds to President Obama Ending Secure Communities Prog... U.S. Senator John Cornyn, 6 days ago Cornyn: President Must Involve Congress on Iran U.S. Senator John Cornyn, 1 month ago Cornyn Calls for Coordinated Federal Response to Ebola U.S. Senator John Cornyn, 1 month ago
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Liquor cabinet
Painted cabinet 26" x 16" x 16", This design came from trying to find a good use for left over wood. The door, top , and legs are all made from scrap wood pieces that are too small to in conventional cabinetry but to precious to toss out. But the great thing about this design is it's versatility. This can be stretched, widened or or shrunk to fit any space. it can be made with any spices of wood, and painted any color.
Product Specifications
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- Chris Gray Furniture
- Category
- Nightstands And Bedside Tables
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- Contemporary