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abs and parking and main brake system lights stay om sometimes. You can shut off engine and restart and they go out most of the time. They may not come on again for serveral days.
View questions for:All Chevrolet
2000 Chevrolet S10
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2000 Chevrolet S10 Question: abs and main brake warning lights come on sometimes
jboyd5, 4.3L V6, Ramer, AL, November 12, 2010, 07:36
1 Answer
Answer #1Jim Taddei November 12, 2010, 08:38Master
You most likely have and intermittent electrical fault with the ABS system in your 2000 Chevrolet S10. Must commonly this could be a wheel speed sensor issue. Fault codes should be retrieved from the ABS control module. Any fault codes should then be properly diagnosed and repaired. If you find you need the help of a repair shop, please use the following link to find one near you - http://repairpal.com/directory?address=36069&car_brand_names=Chevrolet
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NEW YORK (AP) — Dell is trying to reassure shareholders about its proposed $24.4 billion acquisition by a group led by its founder, saying it considered a number of strategic options before agreeing to the deal.
Dell Inc. laid out the advantages of the transaction in a regulatory filing Monday, three days after a major shareholder ridiculed the buyout as a rotten deal that undervalues the business.
On Friday, Southeastern Asset Management Inc. sent a letter to Dell's board of directors. Southeastern CEO O. Mason Hawkins threatened to lead a shareholder mutiny unless Dell came up with an alternative acquisition offer.
Hawkins vowed to wield Southeastern's 8.5 percent stake to thwart the deal currently on the table. Only Michael Dell, the computer company's founder and CEO, owns more stock with a roughly 14 percent stake.
Round Rock, Texas-based Dell said in its filing that it determined with independent advisers that the cash bid by a group led by Michael Dell was in the best interests of stockholders.
Dell also said the deal allows time for alternate bids do that shareholders will be able to see if there are superior options available.
Southeastern and other stockholders will be paid $13.65 per share to leave the company in control of Michael Dell, who founded the business in his University of Texas dorm room in 1984. Michael Dell is contributing about $4.5 billion in stock and cash to help pay for the deal. The rest of the money would be supplied by the investment firm Silver Lake, loans from Microsoft Corp. and a litany of banks. The loans will burden Dell with debts that could leave the company with less money to invest in innovation and acquisitions.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Russian forward's opportunistic strike spared Igor Akinfeev's blushes after the goalkeeper's error had allowed Lee Keun-ho to put South Korea ahead
Minute-by-minute report: Alexander Kerzhakov rescues a draw for Russia after Igor Akinfeev's shocking error hands South Korea the lead in a largely lifeless affair
As the national team prepares for its first game in Brazil, authorities push on with plans for regional contest despite likely loss of Ukraine
Fabio Capello believes the World Cup owes England a debt of gratitude for the gift of goalline technology and says only Fifa had to change, not himself, after his team's dismal exit from the 2010 finals
Sportblog Fabio Capello's chastening England experience finds echo with RussiaAndy Hunter in CuiabáAndy Hunter: Fabio Capello's disciplinarian streak is in evidence again but there are hints he has learned from harsh lessons of 2010
They've had 25 No1 singles (more than Elvis) and 19 No1 albums (more than The Beatles), had their first hit in 1967 and their latest this year … they're the Guardian's World Cup national anthem review panel!
The striker Artem Dzyuba is likely to stand out – he's 6ft 5in – but Russia's rock is goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev
Yuri Zhirkov hit a spectacular volley as Russia beat Morocco 2-0 in their final friendly before the World Cup in Brazil
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Fabio Capello has followed André Villas-Boas in rejecting PSG's overtures to manage the club
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Fabio Capello said the FA was in breach of contract in stripping John Terry of the England captaincy


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Nesh doc??
Good luck with it David. A few 'easy to maintain' shrubs planted in there as well would give it some character and stop it being a bit sterile. Something to welcome you home each day
You've got it sussed Andy!
Fingers and toes crossed for next week Andy. I'd hate not being able to drive for any length of time.
Re being King - does that mean you don't carry any money with you either then...
Some of them here are carniverous Dove...honest....
I found it incredible that they eat Holly - but I watched them doing it!
I've remembered Potentilla, Alchemilla and Loosestrife are others they seem to leave alone Zoomer. If you shield shrubs with chicken wire till they're a bit stronger and can fend off the nibbling, that seems to work quite well.
I'd agree Dove. If you were just starting out I think it would be very helpful. When I moved to my first house, about to have a baby, I had only a small amount of experience and a fair sized blank canvas of a garden. I was looking forward to getting stuck in and making changes on a very small - actually non existent - budget, but I reckon lots of people could have found that daunting and would have relished a bit of guidance about where to start.
Dove - do you think Garden Illus. thought we wouldn't notice if they were selling us garden related items...shot themselves in the foot doing it three times then .. they're what's known here as 'bampots'
Andy - are you only going shopping with Mrs Andy so that you can go and snaffle a few little plants or bulbs....
Welcome Andy - if you want any plants identified, take a few pix and post them and lots of people here will help. I'm guessing the red flowering shrub in the shade could be a Rhododendron or Camellia too!
If you're keen to put apple trees in those pots - go for it - I did the same last year as I had nowhere to plant them in this present garden. It sounds like the garden is quite shady and you may struggle with getting grass to look decent unfortunately, especially if children are playing on it, but you can get seed which grows better in shade so it may be worth looking at sowing some of that in future. Take a look at what other people have in their gardens as that's a good indicator of the soil and what will be happy in it. Raised beds can make it easier to grow things which may not be happy elsewhere, so planting in that might be quite different from other parts of the garden. If the lavender's thriving in it - the soil is possibly quite different from the part where the rhodo/camellia is.
And keep asking questions - it's how we all learnt!
Morning you lot. I see the spammers are trying a triple attack...Bloomin 'eck.
Dry at the moment here - but the big black clouds are looming. A day of running in and out retrieving washing adn not much else I think. Glad I put my newly painted trellis in the shed yesterday. It was very wet and wild last night.
Verd - are you absolutely sure it isn't just Attack Of The Giant Moles?? After all, everything seems to grow bigger in your neck of the woods...
Nothing is the short answer Zoomer
I think they'd try curry too KEF!
They'll leave daffs and snowdrops. If you protect them enough initially, clematis, honeysuckle and ivy, heathers, rhodos, cotoneaster and conifers. We had schizostylus which they largely left alone. Escallonia and Amelanchier were left but they were established. They'll have a go at almost anything - especially the youngsters at this time of year, so perennials are a huge problem. They ate around £150 worth of plants overnight at my last house, most of which didn't recover.


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Sewing Woman at Trinity cordially invite you to the Holiday Bazaar on Saturday, November 22 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Items featured include:
*handmade quilts for adults, youth, and children
*homemade mincemeat
*knitted and crocheted hats, mittens, and sweaters
*handmade bags, purses, and other accessories
*homemade cookie, cakes,… → Read More
Estate sale - no junk! Saturday 9 -3 and Sunday 9-1. It's the townhouse at the end of the driveway. Many items are in excellent condition - here's a partial list of items that must be sold: Casio Celviano AP-630 digital piano, Queen size mattress set, Twin size mattress set, Sonia Bravia 40" HDTV, Sony Blue Ray player, Dinnette set + 4… → Read More
TONS OF SCRAPING BOOKING EMBELLISHMENTS/PAPER/TOOLS PLUS STORAGE......EVERYTHING IS PRICED TO SELL - CALL KIRSTEN FOR MORE INFO IF NEEDED (541)210-4968… → Read More
furniture, housewares, books, crystal, too much to list
9:00 to 3:00 sat. only
10E. South Stage Rd. Spc 409… → Read More
Rain or Shine! Brass & White Double Bed Frame, Artwork, Toys, Lots of Glassware, Vintage Glassware, Christmas, Kitchen stuff, Baskets, Kids Scooter, Drawing Table, Clothes, Pottery,… → Read More
Rain or Shine Garage/Patio SALE Sat 9am-1pm
Location: 1219 Harding Ct Medford Or 97501
Tennis Shoes (men's and women's sz 9) $4-5 ea
Diabetes Metres and Sets $2-$8 ea in Excellent Cond...
Snow Chains in various sizes (5 various ones seldom used) originally $50 ea SAC $18-25 ea
Gorgeous Patio Swing… → Read More


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Report: LaFontaine approached by investors to buy Isles
Oct 1, 2012, 11:19 AM EST
Former Islanders great Pat LaFontaine is "intrigued" at the possibility of joining a group of European investors and buying his former team, reports the New York Post.
The idea, according to the paper, would be to keep the club on Long Island past the 2015 expiration of its lease with Nassau Coliseum. Which of course is the same idea current owner Charles Wang has, except he hasn't had any success getting a new arena built.
Wang is reportedly willing to sell; however, his asking price may be around $300 million, double the value Forbes places on the franchise.
In other words, Wang doesn't really want to sell, but if you make him an offer he can't refuse…
As for whether LaFontaine could actually buy his old team, Isles writer BD Gallof is skeptical.
- scoops1 - Oct 1, 2012 at 11:21 AM
Only hockey player to play for all 3 NY teams
- ehornick - Oct 1, 2012 at 12:14 PM
Don't tell Martin Biron, Jason Dawe and Mike Donnelly — all of whom also played for the Isles/Rangers and Sabres.
- spizzjr - Oct 1, 2012 at 12:07 PM
Maybe he would finally get into the isles hall of fame if he owned the team!
- bcisleman - Oct 1, 2012 at 2:25 PM
#1 I am very doubtful about the "reports" that Wang is interested in selling the team. I'll believe that when it happens.
#2 Based on the bad blood that apparently exists between him and LaFontaine, I doubt he would be interested in selling to any group attached to Pat even if he did want to sell.
The article refers to an effort by Nystrom and Potvin to get one of the developers bidding to work on the area to build a new arena. That makes a lot more sense and it may be the last resort in terms of the Isles staying in Uniondale and not moving to Brooklyn or Queens.
- nyrfan - Oct 3, 2012 at 11:54 AM
The Islanders and Phoenix should both relocate to a more hockey crazed city. Quebec City is the first to come to mind.
Either team would thrive in a city like Quebec. It's ripe for the Islanders to take as they would remain in the East.
I hate to say it, I know fans hate to hear it. However the fact of the matter is the Colliseum is empty most nights.
This is part of why the NHL is crying poverty with teams like the Yotes in cities they don't belong in. Wong is a Cancer
on the Islanders organization. He's making a useless attempt at bringing his team back to prominence. Aside from Tavares,
what have the done over the last ten years of top ten draft picks? One good line! Although De Haan might be a star some
Day. If they moved the Islanders to Quebec City, the place would rock again, the revenue possibly could make them a cup
Contender again. Here they have no money to pay a top line star in this league and don't have enough to trade without giving the future of the team away. It would be weird for the Islanders not to be there but, if you really love em
you have to let go! Quebec never should have lost the Nordiques in the first place. Now they deserve to get them back.
Lets go Wong. Either take this team to Quebec or sell the team to someone who will so the team can Thrive again in
A city where the hockey team is first. The Islanders of the Glory Days are long gone and they're NY's bottom feeders now.
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Prudent financial policies and debt levels validate the country's top credit rating, Moody's said in an annual credit analysis on Canada Monday
he Canadian dollar was slightly higher Friday as job growth for September came in well above expectations
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Statistics Canada says retail sales slipped 0.1% in July to $42.5 billion
Charles Lammam and Sean Speer: We shouldn't be surprised that families in the under 35 age group hold just 6.5% of the over $8-trillion in wealth in Canada, while families in the 55 to 64 age group hold 28.5%.
Two top Canadian economists urged clients to take Statistics Canada's latest reading on the country's labour market 'with a giant grain of salt'
William Watson: In the current anti-inequality climate, there's a presumption that tutoring is simply one more advantage piled onto an already insurmountable stack of advantages
As Statistics Canada readies its latest employment report —this one for August, to be released Friday — a cloud still lingers over the data agency's jobs tally for the previous month
Review following StatsCan correcting July data from 200 jobs gained to 41,700 makes five recommendations to prevent a repeat of mistake
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Toyota celica 1.8vvti 140 1 owner fsh
For sale or swapz full service history 1 lady owner before me reason for sale/swap I want something a little bigger but still sporty perhaps not quite as low down? Open to sensible swapz please no nails! The car has mot till feb and will pass the nex
- 2001
- 95,000 miles
- 1,794 cc
- Petrol


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Sail Away, Sail Away, Sail Away March 20, 2012Posted by mwidlake in Meeting notes, VLDB.
Tags: Humour, IOT, Meeting, user group, VLDB
1 comment so far
I'm just doing some last minute preparation for the Norwegian User Group Spring Seminar. This is quite a large conference with 5 concurrent streams and a very good line-up of presenters. You can see the agenda here.
What is also a little unusual about this conference is that it is mostly on a boat, or rather a ship. When I was first asked if I would put forward a talk or two I declined – as I am very prone to being sea-sick. Truls Bergersen, who helps organize the event, got in touch with me a few weeks later and said "we are doing a day on land first, do you want to present then?". Sure! That would be great! So I am, I'll be doing my talk on Index Organized Tables once more {and then I think I'll put it to bed for a couple of years}.
Now, I am not exactly sure what made me agree to this, but then Truls asked if I would consider doing another talk I had suggested, on VLDBs (Very Large DataBases), the following day. Yes, why not?
Only, the next day we are on the ship. I'm a bit nervous about this. I don't think that a good presentation should include the presenter going green and dashing for the door (though I did have a similar experience at Oracle Open World once, as a result of an all-you-can-eat Chinese meal the day before, but as it affected "the other end of things" you really don't want details of that).
Thankfully, I've not been worrying about sea-sickness for the last couple of weeks. That will be because my laptop hard disk died and I lost everything on my still-new machine. It was still so new that I had not started backing it up properly – after all, there was nothing on there I could not replace easily.
It has been a real trial to replace all those things that I could easily replace. At least I had the presentations and some other critical bits on my temporary USB stick backup…
Friday Philosophy – The Inappropriate Use of Smart Phones February 24, 2012Posted by mwidlake in Friday Philosophy, off-topic, Private Life, rant.
Tags: behaviour, perception, private, rant
16 comments
I'm kind of expecting to get a bit of a comment-kicking over this one…
I never much liked mobile phones – Yes they are incredibly useful, yes they allow countries that lack a ground-based telephony network to create a nationwide system, yes they allow communication all the time from almost anywhere. That last point is partly why I dislike them. {Actually, I don't like normal phones much, or how some people {like my wife} will interrupt a conversation to dash across the room to answer it. It's just a person on the phone, it will take a message if someone wants to say something significant. If someone calls your name out in a crowd, do you abandon the people you are talking to, dash across the room and listen to them exclusively? No, so what act that way over a phone?}.
However, I hold a special level of cynical dislike for "smart" phones. Why? Because people seem to be slaves to them and they seem to use them in a very antisocial way in social and even business situations. It is no longer just speaking or texting that people do, it's checking and sending email, it's twittering and blogging, it's surfing the net and looking things up. I have no problem with any of this, I do all of these things on my desktop, laptop, netbook. But I don't do them to the detriment of people who are there in the flesh – whilst supposedly in a conversation with mates at the pub or carrying out a transaction in a shop or using the coffee machine at work or, basically, standing in the bloody way staring at a little screen or rudely ignoring people who I am supposed to be interacting with.
The below is my phone. It makes calls, it sends texts, it might even be able to work as an alarm clock (I am not sure). It does not do anything else much and it was ten quid {actually the below might be the version up from the really cheap thing I have}:
I was pondering this rude (ab)use of Smart Phones in a meeting this week. It was a meeting to discuss a program of work, what needed doing and by whom. It was a meeting where everyone in the room was involved, each person's opinion was important and we all had a vested interest in the outcome of the meeting. So why did over half of the people not only have their Smart Phone out but were tapping away, scrolling through stuff, looking at some asinine rubbish on Facebook {yes, I saw you}? One or two people in the room might have been able to argue that they needed to keep an eye out for important emails or calls – but really? Are things so incredibly important and only you can deal with them that you can't just play your full part in a meeting for an hour? I was so annoyed by this that I missed half the meeting internally moaning about it…
I just see it as rude. It's saying "while you people are talking, I can't be bothered listening and I certainly don't need to give you my full attention. And I don't even care that I'm making it so obvious". Or "I am buying this item from you and we need to deal with the transaction but you are so inconsequential I don't even have to pause this conversation about which cafe to meet in next week. You do not deserve more than 15% of my attention".
I supposed that is what really gets my blood slowly heating up, it's that it has become accepted to be so rude. Just walk down the street, head down and eyes fixed on your glowing little screen, making no attempt to navigate with your fellow city dwellers. I made a decision 2 {correction, 3} years ago that, if you are walking along staring at your phone and you are going to collide with me, you ARE going to collide with me if you do not become aware of me and make allowances – and I am lower down than you, I braced my shoulder and I am going to win this one. If they are so fixated on that bl00dy screen that they do not heed any attention to others, people ping off me like they've been thumped by a tree stump. It now happens a lot and I always "win". I'm surprised no one has punched me yet.
If I was a manager again I would introduce a simply rule. No Smart Phone in your hand unless you have a stated reason for doing so. There are many valid reasons, which will all be related to the meeting. Otherwise you are just being disrespectful. If you feel the meeting does not apply to you or this section is not relevant, fine. Sit still and listen anyway. You might actually find it useful to know what everyone else is doing. Stop playing bl00dy mental chickens or whatever or updating your status to "bored".
I will hold strongly to these opinions. Right up until the minute I finally buy that iphone I've been considering getting. I really want to be able to check my twitter account during meetings, you see.
SQL Quiz – How To Multiply across Rows February 22, 2012Posted by mwidlake in SQL.
Tags: SQL
15 comments
A colleague came to me a couple of days ago with a SQL problem. He had something like this:
@get_source NAME INPUT ------------- ----- GROUP_1 5 GROUP_2 3 GROUP_3 4 GROUP_4 7 GROUP_5 3
What he wanted to do was multiply all the inputs across the groups, to get the total number of possible permutations. ie 5*3*4*7*3. The product of all the INPUTS. This has to be in straight SQL. Easy! You just need to… Ahhh… Hmmm…
No, I just could not think of a way to do it that my colleague could use.
- There is no group-by function that gives a product of a column {that I know of}
- We could not use PL/SQL {for reasons I won't go into}, so no cursor looping or passing in an array, which would make it simple
- Neither of us could think of an analytical function that could take the result of itself in the prior row (though I suspect there may be a way to do it).
- The number of groups could and would vary from a few to possibly a hundred, so the old tricks of converting rows to columns or nesting so many sql statements would not help.
So, I asked my friend – the queen of SQL Query, {Boneist} {Oh she of the trombone playing pastime}.
She came straight back with an answer. In case you want to try and work out an answer yourself before seeing the solution, below is a cat picture. The answer she came up with is below that:
The key to the solution is natural logs {ln}. I don't know about you, but I learnt about using logs at school and have pretty much not used them since. In summary:
If x=3*5*9
then ln(x) = ln(3)+ln(5)+ln(9)
= 1.09861+1.60944+2.19722
= 4.90527
ie using log converts multiplication to addition. You then use EXP, the inverse of ln, to convert your added-up log value into your result.
exp(4.90527) = 135
{NB if you use my figures, exp(4.90527) realy equals 134.999355, as I have truncated the log values shown. Oracle does this far more accurately internally but be aware you might get some slight rounding errors).
So, what we can do is simply use the SQL GROUP function SUM to add together the natural logs of all the rows:
{grouped by the whole statement, so no group by is needed in this case}
As an example:
-- show the expected result first select 3*7*4*5*1 from dual; 3*7*4*5*1 ---------- 420 select min(name),max(name),count(name) ,EXP (SUM (LN (gr_sum))) gr_prod from (select 'group_1' name, 3 gr_sum from dual union select 'group_2' name, 7 gr_sum from dual union select 'group_3' name, 4 gr_sum from dual union select 'group_4' name, 5 gr_sum from dual union select 'group_5' name, 1 gr_sum from dual ) / MIN(NAM MAX(NAM COUNT(NAME) GR_PROD ------- ------- ----------- ---------- group_1 group_5 5 420
As you can see, it works – even if when you first look at the formula your brains {if you are not a mathematician} try to leak out of your head. Just try and remember what your mathematics teacher said about log books and how, before calculators, they were used to speed up manual long multiplication tasks by converting the task into log addition.
If you want more information on logs, see this discussion about how they are actually about growth or wikipedia if you must :-).
Boneist actually pointed me to this very nice post about using logs in oracle by Anju Parashar, which I have borrowed from.
One issues to be aware of (which is highlighted in Anuj Parashar's article) is that you can't get a log of negative values, as a consequence Oracle will give you an ora-01428 error:
select ln(-3) from dual;
select ln(-3) from dual
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01428: argument '-3′ is out of range
Anuj gives a version of code that works if all values are negative, below I have one that copes with any number of negatives. Basically, you convert all the values to be multiplied to positive values and then make it negative if the count of negative values is odd. Mathematically, the result of a multiplication can ONLY be negative if there are an odd number of negative values.
,EXP (SUM (LN (abs(gr_sum))))
*decode (mod(sum(decode(sign(gr_sum),0,0,1,0, 1)),2)
,0,1,-1) correct_gr_prod
I'm sure that the above expression could be simplified, but I have to go and do the day job.
Finally, here is a little set of test cases covering the above, so you can play with this.
mdw1123> select 3*7*4*5*1 from dual; 3*7*4*5*1 ---------- 420 1 row selected. mdw1123> -- mdw1123> select 'group_1' name, 3 gr_sum from dual 2 union 3 select 'group_2' name, 7 gr_sum from dual 4 union 5 select 'group_3' name, 4 gr_sum from dual 6 union 7 select 'group_4' name, 5 gr_sum from dual 8 union 9 select 'group_5' name, 1 gr_sum from dual 10 / NAME GR_SUM ------- ---------- group_1 3 group_2 7 group_3 4 group_4 5 group_5 1 5 rows selected. mdw1123> mdw1123> select min(name),max(name),count(name) 2 ,EXP (SUM (LN (gr_sum))) gr_prod 3 from 4 (select 'group_1' name, 3 gr_sum from dual 5 union 6 select 'group_2' name, 7 gr_sum from dual 7 union 8 select 'group_3' name, 4 gr_sum from dual 9 union 10 select 'group_4' name, 5 gr_sum from dual 11 union 12 select 'group_5' name, 1 gr_sum from dual 13 ) 14 / MIN(NAM MAX(NAM COUNT(NAME) GR_PROD ------- ------- ----------- ---------- group_1 group_5 5 420 1 row selected. mdw1123> -- mdw1123> -- now with a negative mdw1123> select 'group_1' name, 3 gr_sum from dual 2 union 3 select 'group_2' name, -7 gr_sum from dual 4 union 5 select 'group_3' name, 4 gr_sum from dual 6 union 7 select 'group_4' name, 5 gr_sum from dual 8 union 9 select 'group_5' name, 1 gr_sum from dual 10 / NAME GR_SUM ------- ---------- group_1 3 group_2 -7 group_3 4 group_4 5 group_5 1 5 rows selected. mdw1123> -- and if the values contain negatives mdw1123> select min(name),max(name),count(name) 2 ,EXP (SUM (LN (abs(gr_sum)))) gr_prod 3 ,mod(sum(decode(sign(gr_sum),0,0 4 ,1,0 5 , 1) 6 ),2) -- 0 if even number of negatives, else 1 7 modifier 8 ,EXP (SUM (LN (abs(gr_sum)))) 9 *decode (mod(sum(decode(sign(gr_sum),0,0,1,0, 1)),2) 10 ,0,1,-1) correct_gr_prod 11 from 12 (select 'group_1' name, 3 gr_sum from dual 13 union 14 select 'group_2' name, -7 gr_sum from dual 15 union 16 select 'group_3' name, 4 gr_sum from dual 17 union 18 select 'group_4' name, 5 gr_sum from dual 19 union 20 select 'group_5' name, 1 gr_sum from dual 21 ) 22 / MIN(NAM MAX(NAM COUNT(NAME) GR_PROD MODIFIER CORRECT_GR_PROD ------- ------- ----------- ---------- ---------- --------------- group_1 group_5 5 420 1 -420 1 row selected.
Friday Philosophy – Tosh Talked About Technology February 17, 2012Posted by mwidlake in Friday Philosophy, future, Hardware, rant.
Tags: hardware, rant, science
9 comments
Sometimes I can become slightly annoyed by the silly way the media puts out total tosh and twaddle(*) that over-states the impact or drawbacks about technology (and science ( and especially medicine (and pretty much anything the media decides to talk about)))). Occasionally I get very vexed indeed.
My attention was drawn to some such thing about SSDs (solid State Discs) via a tweet by Gwen Shapira yesterday {I make no statement about her opinion in this in any way, I'm just thanking her for the tweet}. According to Computerworld
SSDs have a 'bleak' future, researchers say
So are SSDs somehow going to stop working or no longer be useful? No, absolutely not. Are SSDs not actually going to be more and more significant in computing over the next decade or so? No, they are and will continue to have a massive impact. What this is, is a case of a stupidly exaggerated title over not a lot. {I'm ignoring the fact that SSDs can't have any sort of emotional future as they are not sentient and cannot perceive – the title should be something like "the future usefulness of SSDs looks bleak"}.
What the article is talking about is a reasonable little paper about how if NAND-based SSDS continue to use smaller die sizes, errors could increase and access times increase. That is, if the same technology is used in the same way and manufacturers continue to shrink die sizes. It's something the memory technologists need to know about and perhaps find fixes for. Nothing more, nothing less.
The key argument is that by 2024 we will be using something like 6.4nm dies and at that size, the physics of it all means everything becomes a little more flaky. After all, Silicon atoms are around 0.28nm wide (most atoms of things solid at room temperature are between 0.2nm and 0.5nm wide), at that size we are building structures with things only an order of magnitude or so smaller. We have all heard of quantum effects and tunneling, which means that at such scales and below odd things can happen. So error correction becomes more significant.
But taking a reality check, is this really an issue:
- I look at my now 4-year-old 8GB micro-USB stick (90nm die?) and it is 2*12*30mm, including packaging. The 1 TB disc on my desk next to it is 24*98*145mm. I can get 470 of those chips in the same space as the disc, so that's 3.8TB based on now-old technology.
- Even if the NAND materials stay the same and the SSD layout stays the same and the packaging design stays the same, we can expect about 10-50 times the current density before we hit any problems
- The alternative of spinning platers of metal oxides is pretty much a stagnant technology now, the seek time and per-spindle data transfer rate is hardly changing. We've even exceeded the interface bottleneck that was kind-of hiding the non-progress of spinning disk technology
The future of SSD technology is not bleak. There are some interesting challenges ahead, but things are certainly going to continue to improve in SSD technology between now and when I hang up my keyboard. I'm particularly interested to see how the technologists can improve write times and overall throughput to something closer to SDRAM speeds.
I'm willing to lay bets that a major change is going to be in form factor, for both processing chips and memory-based storage. We don't need smaller dies, we need lower power consumption and a way to stack the silicon slices and package them (for processing chips we also need a way to make thousands of connections between the silicon slices too). What might also work is simply wider chips, though that scales less well. What we see as chips on a circuit board is mostly the plastic wrapper. If part of that plastic wrapper was either a porous honeycomb air could move through or a heat-conducting strip, the current technology used for SSD storage could be stacked on top of each other into blocks of storage, rather then the in-effect 2D sheets we have at present.
What could really be a cause of technical issues? The bl00dy journalists and marketing. Look at digital cameras. Do you really need 12, 16 mega-pixels in your compact point-and-shoot camera? No, you don't, you really don't, as the optics on the thing are probably not up to the level of clarity those megapixels can theoretically give you, the lens is almost certainly not clean any more and, most significantly, the chip is using smaller and smaller areas to collect photons (the sensor is not getting bigger with more mega-pixels you know – though the sensor size is larger in proper digital SLRs which is a large part of why they are better). This less-photons-per-pixel means less sensitivity and more artefacts. What we really need is maybe staying with 8MP and more light sensitivity. But the mega-pixel count is what is used to market the camera at you and I. As a result, most people go for the higher figures and buy something technically worse, so we are all sold something worse. No one really makes domestic-market cameras where the mega-pixel count stays enough and the rest of the camera improves.
And don't forget. IT procurement managers are just like us idiots buying compact cameras.
(*) For any readers where UK English is not a first language, "twaddle" and "tosh" both mean statements or arguments that are silly, wrong, pointless or just asinine. oh, Asinine means talk like an ass :-) {and I mean the four-legged animal, not one's bottom, Mr Brooks}
Dropped Tables, Hiding Extents and Slow DBA_FREE_SPACE Queries February 16, 2012Posted by mwidlake in database design, internals, performance.
Tags: data dictionary, design, performance, SQL
8 comments
My last post was on slow dictionary queries caused by having many, many thousands of extents in your database. This post is about a special case of this problem, which I encountered recently. It was on an Exadata box – Exadata is not particularly relevant to the issue, but I'm curious to see if mentioning Exadata will make this post more popular :-)
I was querying the used and free space on a very small database on the client's X2-2 1/4 rack Exadata machine. The query was really slow, taking about 30 seconds. This is a FAST box, what is going on?
I quickly realised that the problem was specific to one tablespace:
>@SPC_SUM Enter the tablespace (or leave null)> DATA_01 TS_NAME ORD SUM_BLKS SUM_K MAX_CHNK_K NUM_CHNK -------------------- ----- ----------- ------------ ----------- -------- DATA_01 alloc 262,144 2,097,152 2,097,152 1 free 63,128 505,024 504,384 11 2 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:00.21 > @SPC_SUM Enter the tablespace (or leave null)> USERS TS_NAME ORD SUM_BLKS SUM_K MAX_CHNK_K NUM_CHNK -------------------- ----- ----------- ------------ ----------- -------- USERS alloc 748,320 5,986,560 5,372,160 2 free 127,904 1,023,232 6,144 3,058 2 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:26.05
We can see it takes 0.21 seconds for tablespace DATA_01, 26.05 seconds for the USERS. Yes, USERS is larger but not 150 times larger. What is going on? Well, as the title of this post suggests, it is down to dropping tables. The below shows my route to that conclusion.
What I could see was that for the USERS tablespace the maximum chunk of free space was relatively small compared to the sum of free space – 6MB out of 1GB, pretty much – and that there was a lot of individual pieces of free space, 3,058. This tablespace was shattered into a lot of bits. So, what sort of extent size management do we have? How big are the tables and indexes in this tablespace {NB I already knew we had no partitions so I did not have to worry about that}.
select tablespace_name,initial_extent,next_extent ,extent_management,min_extlen,allocation_type from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name ='USERS' TABLESPACE_NAME INITIAL_EXTENT NEXT_EXTENT EXTENT_MAN MIN_EXTLEN ALLOCATIO ------------------------------ -------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- --------- USERS 65536 LOCAL 65536 SYSTEM select tablespace_name,blocks,count(*) from dba_extents where tablespace_name = 'USERS' group by tablespace_name,blocks having count(*) >1 order by blocks desc,tablespace_name TABLESPACE_NAME BLOCKS COUNT(*) ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- USERS 2560 2 USERS 2048 3 USERS 1536 7 USERS 1408 5 USERS 1280 2 USERS 1248 2 USERS 1152 2 USERS 1024 229 USERS 896 15 USERS 768 21 USERS 736 3 USERS 720 3 USERS 704 2 USERS 672 2 USERS 640 25 USERS 624 2 USERS 576 2 USERS 512 117 USERS 400 2 USERS 384 34 USERS 360 2 USERS 312 2 USERS 288 4 USERS 256 49 USERS 248 2 USERS 240 2 USERS 192 5 USERS 160 4 USERS 128 1165 USERS 8 1788 30 rows selected.
So we have system controlled extent allocation, this should be fine. I did a quick check of the table contents – 300 or so tables and 200 or so indexes. And, as you can see from the check of extents above, very few larger extents and a lot of small ones. {As a little aside, note the relatively large number of 8-block, 128-block, 256-block and 1024-block extents; These are the sizes that LMTs with system managed extents tend to use unless a similar sized chunk is found to be available, in which case it is used}.
I did some other checks on indexes and segment sizes and it all boiled down to one thing. There were not a lot of things in this tablespace, what was there was small and… The total of all those table and index blocks was way less than the used space in the tablespace.
That is the major indicator of what is going on here. The difference in space used in the tablespace and the total of the visible tables and indexes.
The last link in the chain is the recycle bin.
select owner,ts_name,count(*) from dba_recyclebin group by owner,ts_name OWNER TS_NAME COUNT(*) ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- USER1 USERS 542356 USER1 2 WEGWEGWEG USERS 97 KKKUKUYLLX USERS 149 USOVFPKEKS USERS 3 .... ERHJTRTTTURT USERS 4 11 rows selected.
That's 542,356 objects in the recyclebin for one user, in the one tablespace. My problem tablespace. The penny clicked, something I had already noticed and was a little uncomfortable about fell into place.
The client is using Oracle Data Integrator (ODI) to pull data together and put it into the database. The process they are using basically creates a table, uses it to load some data into and then pushes the data into the target tables. Then drops the table. The drop does not do a "DROP TABLE … PURGE;". This is done many, many times per load cycle, which is intended to run several times a day.
Something you should always keep in mind with the recyclebin is that the tables, indexes and their extents that go into the recycle bin do not get reported in several of the key data dictionary views. I did mention this in a blog post way back but maybe a whole post on it is called for.
So, the tablespace was being shattered by the constant creating and dropping of small tables. It was hidden from easy view due to how the recyclebin is (not) exposed in data dictionary views.
It is not good practice to constantly create and drop lots of tables. As well as the admittedly rather odd impact that this posting is all about, there is a lot of internal work involved for the oracle database in creating and dropping tables. It is an overhead best avoided. The client had good reasons for this approach but now they are going to look at the alternatives.
I've not actually proven in this posting that all those dropped tables is the actual cause of the slow performance in querying the free space in that tablespace {though the corroborative evidence is very strong}. Neither have I said how we cleared up the mess. I'll cover both of those in the next post on this mini-thread.
Slow querying of DBA_EXTENTS, DBA_FREE_SPACE and dropping tables February 14, 2012Posted by mwidlake in performance.
Tags: data dictionary, performance
3 comments
Are you finding queries to identify free space, the size of segments or details of extents in your database are very slow? You could have a database with a very, very large number of extents. If you are on version 9 or up, I would suggest you check the extent management settings for any tablespace holding large segments (see later).
{Caveat – I'm writing this posting based on what I remember of some issues I had on two V10.2 databases 2 and 3 years ago respectively, and those systems are no longer available to me. So please treat everything I say here with some caution – I've not checked and verified it to the level I normally would. But I wanted to move this information from another posting I am writing on a recent experience I will verify…}
First, what this article is NOT about. It has been known for a very long time that creating tables with a large number of extents can have a negative impact on SQL performance on that table. Except it never really did and it was a myth. Way back prior to Oracle 7.3 you could only create so many extents per segment, depending on block size, but that was another issue. It used to be argued that SQL select against such tables with many extents was slower. I did some tests and it was not – unless you were in the strange situation where your extent size was less than your multi-block read count, and even then the impact was not huge, it was a slowdown of a few percent to maybe 25%.
However, dropping such tables, truncating such tables and queries against the dictionary objects that deal with extents and free space could and still can become very slow. As we have progressed through the Oracle versions from 8 ,9 and 10 this problem has become less common and the impact has become less, mostly due to Locally Managed Tablespaces (LMTs) and Automatic Segment Space Management {though that is more in respect of concurrent DML than select}.
LMTs in particular have generally removed the issue. If you do not use LMTS and have no very,very pressing reason to not {like 3rd party support for applications}, then swap to LMTs. LMTs have been the default for user defined tablespaces since oracle 9 and have two options. Uniform (Fixed) extent sizes or Automatic, where oracle uses 8 block extents for a new segment to start, then 64 block extents, then 1024 block extents as the segment grows {I might be wrong on the exact size details but don't worry about it, I certainly don't}. You can check the settings for tablespaces as is demonstrated below. I create two tablespaces, one with uniform extent sizes and then one with automanaged extent sizes, and check the relevant information (this is on 188.8.131.52):
create tablespace mdw_uni_1m datafile 'C:\APP\MARTIN\ORADATA\MDW1123\MDW_UNI_1M' size 100m extent management local uniform size 1M; create tablespace mdw_auto datafile 'C:\APP\MARTIN\ORADATA\MDW1123\MDW_AUTO' size 100m extent management local autoallocate; select tablespace_name,initial_extent,next_extent ,extent_management,min_extlen,allocation_type from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name like 'MDW%'; TABLESPACE_NAME INITIAL_EXTENT NEXT_EXTENT EXTENT_MAN MIN_EXTLEN ALLOCATIO ------------------ -------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- --------- MDW_UNI_1M 1048576 1048576 LOCAL 1048576 UNIFORM MDW_AUTO 65536 LOCAL 65536 SYSTEM
As you can see, tablespace MDW_UNI_1M uses uniform extents of 1M and MDW_AUTO has system managed allocation and starts with 64K extents – 8 blocks with my 8k block size.
As a quick demo, I'll just create and populate two simple tables and see what extent sizes are created for them:
create table mdw_big tablespace mdw_auto as select rownum id,lpad('A',1000,'A') pad from dual connect by level <10000 create table mdw_big_uni tablespace mdw_uni_1m as select rownum id,lpad('A',1000,'A') pad from dual connect by level <10000 select owner,segment_name,blocks,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_name like 'MDW%' group by owner,segment_name,blocks OWNER SEGMENT_NAME BLOCKS COUNT(*) --------------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ERIC MDW_BIG_UNI 128 12 ERIC MDW_BIG 8 16 ERIC MDW_BIG 128 11 3 rows selected.
So, how do issues with large numbers of extents still arise with modern oracle systems? Well, the two situations I've seen on Oracle 10 had the same cause {and, as a teaser for later this week, I've seen a variation of this issue on a nice, shiny Exadata X2-2 Oracle 126.96.36.199 box :-) You can readabout that here }. What alerted me was slow performance querying the data dictionary, in particular my scripts for checking free space, the size of segments and how many extents they consisted of.
If you create a tablespace with fixed extent sizes of eg 64K and then create a table in there that is 100GB in size, you will get an awful lot of extents. Now make it worse and have a partitioned table that ends up being several hundreds of GB in size with all those segments in that tablespace (or similarly defined tablespaces).
Since I hit the problem twice myself, I've chatted to others who have had the same issue. The above usually happens because of a mistake. The tablespace(s) in question are set up to hold small tables and then get used for large tables, either by a mistake in stating the exact tablespace to use or having the tablespace default to your default tablespace – which just happens to be a tablespace with fixed but small extent sizes.
The end result is a massive number of small extents in these tablespaces, usually with extents for different objects mixed in. Some dictionary queries slow down and, in particular, anything to do with looking at extents. For one site, I was trying to use my own code to gather statistics on tables that replaced the standard automated job. It's fairly "smart" code and chooses a sample size based on the size of the segments. Only, the data dictionary was performing so slowly for the check on segment size that it was taking over 5 seconds to get the information – longer than some of the stats gathers.
You can logically understand why dropping or truncating the table is slow. Oracle has to sort out all those extents, remove the information from the data dictionary. This is not helped by the fact that part of the data dictionary is being slowed down due to all those pesky records…
You MAY be able to get some relief from this situation by gathering fixed object statistics. I did so at one site, where the queries against free_space and segment size sped up by around 80%. I have no demonstrated proof of this, it is just what I saw in one situation, so feel free to try it but don't sue me if it does not help. Also, it took over 3 hours to gather the fixed object stats and you only do this sort of thing, untested, on a production system if you are already in a bad place.
{update – I just tested this on a private 11.2 db that was taking 10.3 seconds to count all extents, all 12,742 of them. Gathering fixed object stats made no difference at all.}
However, the real answer is to laboriously rebuild those segments in tablespaces with correctly specified uniform extent sizes. Which we did, over several weeks, and it made a difference.
If I was doing this task today, if I could get the outage to do it, I would create COPIES of those segments that were in the wrong tablespaces, re-name and re-apply any constraints and move the other other, smaller tables and indexes to a new tablespace – and then drop the tablespaces including contents. Why? As dropping a table with lots and lots of small extents seemed to take a very long time (many minutes per partition and we had thousands of them). Again, my proof is lost in the mists of time, but that's what I would aim to do.
Next Public Appearance – Scottish SIG on 29th Feb February 13, 2012Posted by mwidlake in Meeting notes, UKOUG.
Tags: Meeting, Presenting, UKOUG, user group
2 comments
Who's up for a beer or whiskey in Edinburgh on the evening of 28th Feb?
I've been promising myself I'd do the Scottish SIG for three or four years but life has always conspired to stop me. However, at last I am going to manage it this year.
The meeting is on the 29th February at the Oracle {was Sun} office in Linlithgow. You can see the schedule and details here. As ever, it is being chaired by Thomas Presslie, though I {and I suspect Mr Hasler} will be hoping he is not forcing drams of Whiskey on people before 10am in the morning, as he did at the last UKOUG conference…
I'm presenting on Index Organised Tables again, following up on the series of posts I did {and have still to finish}. As well as myself there is also Tony Hasler talking about stabilising statistics {one of the key things to stable and thus acceptable performance from a very knowledgeable man}, a presentation by Wayne Lewis on Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 2 {which I understand is Oracle Linux with the extra bits Larry wants in there before they have gone through to the official Open Source release} and Harry Hall talking about all the new stuff on OEM 12C. If he says Cloud too often I might lob something heavy at him :-) {nothing personal Harry, I'm just tired of the C word in connection with Oracle already}. Additionally, Gordon Wilkie will also be giving an Oracle Update.
Part of the reason I want to do the Scottish SIG is that I really like Edinburgh {and Scotland in general – wonderful geography}. My original intention was to take my wife up there and make the trip into a short break – but she has to go to the US that week and I have a new client that needs my time, so it will be a dash up there the evening before and back in the afternoon.
So, is anyone around in Edinburgh from late evening on the 28th of Feb and fancies showing me one or two nice pubs?
Friday Philosophy – The Answer To Everything January 27, 2012Posted by mwidlake in Friday Philosophy.
Tags: Humour, SQL
3 comments
For those of us acquainted with the philosophical works of Douglas Adams we know that the the answer to everything is 42.
mdw1123> select all knowledge from everything 2 / KNOWLEDGE ---------- 42
This above is a real SQL statement (version 126.96.36.199, just in case you wanted to know :-) ).
This was prompted by a silly discussion at lunch time about the answer to everything and databases and I wondered aloud how you could go about getting Oracle to respond with 42 when you "selected all from everything". My colleagues looked at me like I was an idiot and said "create a table called everything with a column called all and select it". Yeah, of course, and I laughed. So much for being an expert at Oracle huh?
Well, I tried. It did not work:
mdw1123> create table EVERYTHING (ALL number not null) 2 / create table EVERYTHING (ALL number not null) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00904: : invalid identifier
Damn. It's a reserved word. But for what? Off the top of my head I could not remember what ALL is used for in Oracle select syntax. Never mind, I could get around the issue to some degree by the use of quotes around the column name (and just for fun, I made the column name lowercase too – this is how you can create lowercase columns but you have to be careful with this, as you will see below):
mdw1123> create table everything ("all" number not null) 2 / mdw1123> desc everything Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- all NOT NULL NUMBER mdw1123> insert into everything values (42) 2 / mdw1123> select "all" from everything 2 / all ---------- 42 -- but be careful of case mdw1123> select "ALL" from everything 2 / select "ALL" from everything * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00904: "ALL": invalid identifier
I was not happy with this though, I was having to put the quotes in my line and be careful about the syntax.
So, what is the word ALL used for? A quick check of the SQL reference manual:
It is the opposite of DISTINCT and the default, so we never have to put it in the statement.
With the above in mind I was able to quickly come up with something close, but not quite, what I originally asked for. See below for how.
mdw1123> create table everything (KNOWLEDGE NUMBER NOT NULL) 2 / mdw1123> insert into everything values (42) 2 / mdw1123> select all knowledge from everything 2 / KNOWLEDGE ---------- 42 mdw1123>
Having said it was not quite what I had originally set out to do, I actually prefer this version.
Of course, I cleaned up after myself. It feels odd typing in commands that have an English meaning that would not be what you want to do – I could not get over the nagging feeling that the below was going to cause a lot of data to disappear :-) :
mdw1123> drop table everything purge;
Dropped Partitions do not go in the Recycle Bin January 24, 2012Posted by mwidlake in SQL.
Tags: partitions, recyclebin, SQL
3 comments
If you alter table TEST drop partition Q1, does it go in the recycle bin?
That is the question I was asked today. "Of course it…." Pause. More pause.
No, I did not know. I knew I'd seen partitions in the recyclebin on Oracle but I thought there was no option to state PURGE when you dropped a partition.
So, a quick test was needed.
First I tried a drop of a partition I knew I could live without {NB this is on version 188.8.131.52, I am 99.8% sure this is the same on 10}
mdw1123> alter table person_call drop partition d_20111205 purge 2 / alter table person_call drop partition d_20111205 purge * ERROR at line 1: ORA-14048: a partition maintenance operation may not be combined with other operations mdw1123> alter table person_call drop partition d_20111205 2 / Table altered. mdw1123> select count(*) from dba_recyclebin 2 / Any Key> COUNT(*) ---------- 0 1 row selected.
That's pretty conclusive then, Oracle does not like the PURGE option when dropping a partitions, which suggests it does not go into the recyclebin, and in fact my recyclebin remains empty when I correctly drop the partition. {NB I had purged the recyclebin before this test}.
However, I want to make sure that it is indeed just the partition operation that does not go to the recyclebin (you can of course turn off the recyclebin and I have not proven that I have not done this). So:
mdw1123> create table mdw (id number,vc1 varchar2(10)) 2 partition by range (id) 3 (partition p1 values less than (10) 4 ,partition p2 values less than (20) 5 ,partition p3 values less than (30) 6 ,partition pm values less than (maxvalue) 7 ) 8 mdw1123> / Table created. mdw1123> insert into mdw 2 select rownum,'AAAAAAAA' 3 from dual 4 connect by level <40 5 / 39 rows created. mdw1123> select * from dba_recyclebin 2 / no rows selected mdw1123> alter table mdw drop partition p3 2 / Table altered. mdw1123> select * from dba_recyclebin 2 / no rows selected mdw1123> drop table mdw 2 / Table dropped. mdw1123> select * from dba_recyclebin; Any Key> OWNER OBJECT_NAME ORIGINAL_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------------- OPERATION TYPE TS_NAME CREATETIME --------- ------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------- DROPTIME DROPSCN PARTITION_NAME CAN CAN RELATED BASE_OBJECT ------------------- ---------- -------------------------------- --- --- ---------- ----------- PURGE_OBJECT SPACE ------------ ---------- MDW BIN$DI/3ZwiMRneOxLrJ4jidyg==$0 MDW DROP Table Partition INDEX_01 2012-01-24:16:13:55 2012-01-24:16:15:33 2787392 NO NO 77672 77672 77672 1024 MDW BIN$DI/3ZwiMRneOxLrJ4jidyg==$0 MDW DROP Table Partition INDEX_01 2012-01-24:16:13:55 2012-01-24:16:15:33 2787392 NO NO 77672 77672 77672 1024 MDW BIN$DI/3ZwiMRneOxLrJ4jidyg==$0 MDW DROP Table Partition INDEX_01 2012-01-24:16:13:55 2012-01-24:16:15:33 2787392 NO NO 77672 77672 77672 1024 MDW BIN$DI/3ZwiMRneOxLrJ4jidyg==$0 MDW DROP TABLE 2012-01-24:16:13:55 2012-01-24:16:15:33 2787393 YES YES 77672 77672 77672 4 rows selected.
So, if you go and drop the wrong partition, you can't go getting it back without some sort of restore or recovery (as there is nothing to get it back from) but you can if you drop the whole table. And I was not going mad, I had seen partitions in the Recyclebin (there is, after all, a PARTITION_NAME column in the table)
This seems a little odd to me, I would imagine that dropping the wrong partition is something you would want to use flashback query to fix (as you can with accidentally dropping a table) but there you go. You can't.
Back to the day job….
Friday Philosophy – Lead or Lag (When to Upgrade)? January 20, 2012Posted by mwidlake in development, Friday Philosophy, Testing.
Tags: behaviour, Management, system development, Testing
10 comments
I was involved in a discussion recently with Debra Lilley which version of Oracle to use. You can see her blog about it here (and she would love any further feedback from others). Oracle now has a policy that it will release the quarterly PSUs for a given point release for 12 months once that point release is superseded. ie once 184.108.40.206 came out, Oracle will only guarantee to provide PSUs for 188.8.131.52 for 12 months. See "My Oracle Support" note ID 742060.1. However, an older Terminal release such as 126.96.36.199 is not superseded and is supported until 2015 – and will get the quarterly PSU updates. This left the customer with an issue. Should they start doing their development on the latest and theoretically greatest version of Oracle and be forced to do a point upgrade "soon" to keep getting the PSUs, or use an older version of Oracle and avoid the need to upgrade?
This is in many ways a special case of the perennial issue of should you use the latest version of Oracle (or in fact any complex software solution) or go with the version you know and trust? Plus, should you patch up to the latest version which in theory gives you protection against bugs and vulnerabilities (along with the CPUs). Yes, they are two separate issues but people tend to sit on the same side of both points, for the same reasons.
The arguments to stay using an older version are that it is working, it is stable, you do not need the new features and upgrading is a lot of work and effort. Plus the new version will have new bugs that come along with the new features you do not need and things might be turned on by default that you could do without (like stats collecting or not creating the actual segments when a new table or partition is created). If you remain on your favourite version long enough, you get another issue which is that the latest version of Oracle might not be compatible with your ancient version of the OS or another package or programming language critical to your system (I got caught in a terrible web with old perl, old O/S and old DB that resulted in a need to upgrade all three together – ouch!).
The arguments to moving forward are that you get access to the latest features, that over all older features will have more bugs fixed in newer version, performance will be better {again, overall, exceptions allowing}. Also, if you do hit bugs and problems there are no issues in having to first upgrade to a fully supported version. Plus, fixes are made for current versions first and then back-ported to older ones. Those pack-ported fixes can cause real problems when you DO decide to upgrade.
The big sticking points are the effort involved in upgrading and living with the bugs that you find that Oracle Testing didn't.
I've got a few of other considerations to throw into the pot.
Firstly, if you are developing something new, it is not a lot more effort to use the latest version. This allows you to learn the new version and eases the transition of older systems to it.
Secondly, Oracle like you if you use the latest version, especially if it is the latest-latest version or even beta. Yeah, the helpdesk will not have a clue about some of your issues but in my experience you get access to those really smart guys and gals in Oracle who do the third-line support or even the development work.
Thirdly, if you are on the latest version, if you do decide to freeze on that version for a while, for stability and a quiet life, you have a lot longer before your version (at least at a major level) drops out of support.
Fourthly, dynamic, inquisitive, flexible staff like new things. In my experience, environments that freeze on an old version have a higher percentage of staff who either like it dull and repetitive, or hate it being dull and repetitive – and itch to get out. If I'm in charge, I know which type of staff I like to have more of {NB there are some very good arguments for having some staff who like it dull and repetitive}.
As you can guess, I am in the "be on the latest version" side of the argument. I was ambivalent about it until a few years ago when I noticed a trend:
Sites that like to move forward tend to (a) do it in a controlled manner and (b) have the infrastructure to do proper regression testing.
Site that like to stay still lack the ability to do regression testing and move forward only when forced – and in a pressured, unplanned and frankly chaotic manner.
That was it, that was the real key thing for me. The further you lag behind the more likely you are to eventually be forced to upgrade and it won't be a nice time doing it. I know, there are exceptions, systems still running Oracle 6 absolutely fine on an old DOS6.1 box. In the same way you also get the odd 95-year-old life-long smokers – and thousands of 45-year-old smokers with emphysema.
When I have any sway over the situation I now always strive to be on modern versions of Oracle {OS, language, whatever} and to patch small and regular. To support all this, have very good regression testing. I've only a couple of times been able to get the regression testing sorted out as well as I would like, but when you do the pain of patching and upgrading, as well as developing and integrating, is so much reduced that not patching seems madness.
So to sum up:
- If it is a new development, go for the very latest version, play with the latest features if potentially beneficial and see if you can get Oracle to be interested in your attempts. ie (B)lead.
- If you have good regression testing, plan and carry out patch and version upgrades as they come available and stay current. ie Lead
- If you have a complex solution in place and no/poor regression testing, do not move to a new major release, leave it a while for the worst new bugs to be found and fixed. Then move. ie Lag
If your system is old AND critical and all the guys and gals who implemented it are long gone, stay on that version for ever. ie stagnate.
Oh, and if that last one applies to many of your systems – dust off the CV and start reading technical manuals. One day you will need a new job in a hurry.


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
March 13, 1934.` A. 1 MARTINEK ET A1.
SIGNAL` Filed May 12, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENYOR-S ATTORNEYJ Mw M /v m Patented Mar. 13, 1934 PATENT OFFICE SIGNAL -Alois L. Martinek and Arnold N. Taylor, Detroit,
Mich., assignors to C. M. Hall Lamp Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application May 12, 1930, Serial No. 451,745
4 Claims. (Cl. 88-1) The invention relates to light reflecting devices adapted to be illuminated from an outside source of light. More particularly the invention deals with a reector composed of a light transmitting material so constructed and arranged that part of the light striking the same is reflected back and part is transmitted therethrough.
The object of the invention is to obtain a reflector of the above described type having a conj g figuration such as to lend itself readily to inexpensive manufacturing processes. Another object of the invention is to obtain a reflector having such a configuration that it may easily be modified to obtain the desired proportion be- 1 5 tween the amount of light reflected and the amount transmitted through the same.
These and other objects are attained by providing the novel construction hereinafter set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a rear view of a reflector embodying our invention;
Figure 2 is an enlarged view showing the arrangement of prisms on the rear side of the re- 3 ector;
Figure 3 is a cross `on the line 3 3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing a modified construction designed to reflect only a portion of the light; I
Figure 5 is a cross section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4^;
Figure 6 is a top plan view of a die or mold vfor casting the reflector illustrated in Figure 2;
Figure '7 is a sectional View of the die shown in Figure 6 taken on the line 7--7 of Figure 6. Figure 7 is illustrative also of sections taken on the line '1a-'7a and '7b-719;
Figure 8 is a section through a lamp provided with the improved reflector;v
Figure 9 is a section onrthe line 9-9 of Figure 6.
Figure 10 is a sectional view similar to Figure 7 showing the modified die for forming the modified reflector of Figure 1.
Referring now to the construction illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, 10 represents the reflector section of the reflector takenv The reflector preferably has a smooth front surface ll and a prismatic rear surface 12 with a marginal portion 13 also forming a smooth surface. The roughened portion 12 which is formed preferably by casting consists of a series of indentations 14 and intermediate ridge portions 15 constructed and arranged in accordance with a predetermined geometrical pattern hereinafter set forth.
Figuresu, 7 and 9 illustrate thedie or mold for casting of the reector shown in Figure 2 and this die or mold 16 has a prismatic surface 17 comp'emenlaryto the prismatic surface 12 of the reflector. The surface 17 is formed by milling or otherwise c utting a series of parallel grooves' 18 with a cutting tool 19 adapted to form a V-shaped slot, the opposite surfaces 20 and 21 of which are substantially apart. The surface 1'7 is also provided with a series of parallel grooves 22 simillar to the grooves 18 but extending at an angle of 120 with respect to the grooves 18. A third set of parallel grooves 23 are formed in the same manner at an angle of 120 with respect to the grooves Y22 and 18, respectively. This arrangement forms in the prismatic surface 17 a series of pyramids 24,'each having its apex in a common plane and each havinga triangular base line in a plane parallel to the plane of the apexes. Each pyramid has three triangular faces and each face 25 is bounded by a base line 26 and two equal side lines 28, the base line being ,longer than the side lines.
The geometrical arrangement as above set forth forms the prismatic surface into a series of prismatic faces 25, each of which extends at an angle of 90 with respect to the adjacent face in the next pyramid. Thus a light ray as represented by the arrow 29 traveling perpendicular to the plane of the prismatic surface strikes a prismatic face 25 and. is reflected by said surface to an adjacent prismatic face which it strikes at an angle of 45 and is therefore reflected away from the prismatic surfacein a direction perpendicular to its plane as represented by the arrow 29a. Since the prismatic surface is entirely composed of a series of the prismatic faces all light striking the surface perpendicular to the plane thereof will be reflected back. n
Since the prismatic surface 12 of the reiiector is formed from the die or mold shown in Figure 6, the surface instead of having a series of upstanding pyramids is provided with a series of inverted pyramidal recesses 30 complementary in form to the pyramids. Therefore the appearance of the surface 12 from the rear side of the reector may be described as a series of ridges 31 arranged at angles of 60 with respect to one another. Light striking this surface from the rear side of the reflector is not appreciably reflected because of the angular arrangement of the side of the ridges. However, light striking the front surface ll of the reflector will be transmitted into the transparent material until it strikes the faces 32 defining the pyramidal recesses 30 and will thereupon be reflected back in the same manner as light striking the prismatic surface 1'? of the die. Thus as illustrated in Figure 3, a beam 33 approaching the reflector in a perpendicular direction will strike the face 32 and will be reflected to the adjacent face 32 and Will in turn be reflected by the last mentioned face in a direction parallel to the beam 331 as indicated by the arrow 34. Since the surface 12 consists entirely of the angularly arranged faces 32, all light approaching the front face of the reflector in a perpendicular direction will enter the transparent material and be reflected back. Where the material is a definite color the light reflected from the reflector will assume the same color and consequently a colored reflector will appear to be illuminated with a colored light when it is placed in the path of a beam of white light.
One of the uses of our improved reflectors is for tail lamps on vehicles and as illustrated in Figure 8, the reflector 10 is placed in a lamp casing 35 which contains also an incandescent bulb 36. The reflector thus encloses the lamp with the prismatic side l2 within the casing and the smooth side 11 exposed to view. With this construction even though the incandescent bulb is not lighted, the reflector 10 will nevertheless act as an illuminated signal whenever it is subjected to an outside source of light such, for example. as the beam from a headlamp of another vehicle. On the other hand, when the incandescent bulb 36 is lighted the reflector will also act as an illuminated signal from the light within the lamp which is transmitted through the same. The character of the prismatic surface 12 however is such that only a small portion of thel light is transmitted through the reflector and when it is desired to increase the intensity of illumination due to the incandescent bulb a modified form of reflector may be used.
In this modified form the general geometric configuration is the same as shown in Figure 2 but each of the pyramidal recesses 30 terminates before reaching the apex forming a flat triangular surface 37 substantially parallel to the surface 11. Thus the light which strikes this surface 37 instead of being reflected is transmitted directly through the glass'. The effect of this modification is to reduce the amount of illumination resultingfrom the reflection of light from outside of the lamp and to increase the amount of illumination due to the incandescent bulb within the lamp. It will be understood that the amount of total area in the triangular surfaces 37 may be predetermined with respect tothe total area of the prismatic surface in order to obtain the desired results. In order to obtain the modied prismatic surface the mold or die illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 has the apex portion of each pyramid removed as indicated by the dotted line 38, thus forming a truncated pyramid illustrated in Figure 10 with a flat top surface 39.
It is to be understood that while in the preferred embodiment of the invention the prismatic surface on the reflector is complementary to the die so that the light must pass into the glass before it is reflected back, the die itself can also act as a reflector when the light strikes the same directly. Consequently, the geometrical configuration of the die itself might be used as a reflector. Thus in the broader aspects, our invention contemplates a prismatic structure having the angular arrangement of the facets above set forth regardless of Whether this relationship provides upstanding pyramidal projections as in the die (Figures 6 and 7) or depressed pyramidal recesses as in the reflector (Figures 2 and 3).
What we claim as our invention is:
l. A reflector comprising a transparent disk having a plurality of facets grouped together into a .three-sided inverted pyramidal configuration. the facets of two adjacent inverted pyramids having an included angle of approximately 90 and the respective facets of each inverted pyramid having an included angle greater than 90.
2. A reflector comprising a transparent disk havin'g a plurality of facets grouped together into a three-sided inverted pyramidal configuration, the facets of two adjacent inverted pyramids having an included angle of approximately 90 and the facets of each inverted pyramid having an included angle of 45 with respect to the plane of the base.
3. A reflector comprising a transparent disk having a series of pyramidal recesses in one side thereof, each recess being defined by triangular facets arranged in a predetermined angular relationship, the facets .of adjacent recesses havv ing an included angle of substantially 90.
4. A lens having on one side a plurality of inverted V-shaped ridges having included angles ALOIS L. MARTINEK. ARNOLD N. TAYLOR.
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Disney's world expands to Shanghai, GM hits the brakes on Opel sale
Good day for a cultural revolution, Bad day for shifting into reverse
GOOD DAY FOR: A cultural revolution, after Disney got permission to build a theme park in Shanghai, China's financial capital. The deal is seen as a breakthrough for Western media companies, which have long been held at bay by a Chinese government wary of foreign popular culture. (Reuters)
BAD DAY FOR: Shifting into reverse, after General Motors infuriated Germany and Russia by backing out of a deal to sell its Opel subsidiary to auto-parts maker Magna and Russian bank Sberbank. The German government is demanding GM repay a $2.2 billion bridge loan extended to Opel while GM was seeking a buyer. GM's board had backed a competing bid from investment firm RHJ International, which entailed more job cuts. (AP in Yahoo! Finance)
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Hot Now
You can translate the lyrics into various languages.
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|Song Title
Tame Impala - Elephant Lyrics
Editor's comments:
"Elephant" is the lead single off Tame Impala's Dave Fridmann-produced second album, "Lonerism" (set for release on October 9th, 2012, via Modular)
Tame Impala – Elephant Lyrics
Ibet he feels like an elephant
Shaking his big grey trunk for the hell of it
You know, that you're dreaming of about being over him
Too bad your chances are slim
And it's not like Mr. Shook to get shy
When they ask him who is on top
There must be something deep down in the middle down there
He's not too easily scared
He's got friends but they got fear
who don't care too much if he just disappeared
Oh look hey there he is now coming down the stairs
(Here he comes)
He pulled the mirrors off his cadillac
Because he doesn't like it looking like he looks back
He talk's like his opinion is a simple fact
Somebody grabbed his collar
He cried the whole way home
he won't remember a thing til' they start it again
That's how it is till the end, yeah
[Lyrics to Elephant performed by Tame Impala]
First seen in full on www.songonlyrics.com
Thanks to user gh. and Chance for the contribution
Correct these Lyrics (if needed)
Listen To The Music Videos Of These Lyrics:
Lyrics Information
|Tame Impala Lyrics
|"Lonerism" (2012)
|Tame Impala Biography
Album Cover
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For this Video look below Lyrics
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text:
Sister Games
Time to call in the young bro sister or perhaps sis. On your own line your sibling Dee Dee. a princess which was betrayed by this girl sibling,and also which want to revenge.
She is best known for playing Kaitlin Cooper, Marissa Cooper's devious more youthful sister, on the tv series The O. Linda Skylark was ten, whenever this girl more aged sis Jane was in fact announced missing inside the course of the But Nam venture. The third Wu Sis has been seized by Tai Lung and it's up to one complimentary her. She is the young sis related with Sky High star, Danielle Panabaker. She is additionally known because one-half of the musical pair Aly & AJ alongside her sister Amanda Michalka.
We choose the best little sister sister games for our visitors.
On this website, you can find sister games , you play free games and you share with your friends in a way unlimited.


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In Mali, French forces are leading efforts to secure the centre of Gao after Islamist rebels launched an attack on the town at the weekend.
Malian troops have been searching house-to-house for militants.
The guerilla strike has raised fears that France might become bogged down in a long and messy conflict there.
Two weeks ago Malian troops and French units cleared Gao of Islamists who had taken over the northern part of the country last year.
It was a brazen backlash by the rebels, who infiltrated the town after two suicide blasts at the weekend.
Four thousand French troops were deployed after a plea for help from the Mali administration, fearful that the Islamists were moving south towards the capital.
After encountering little resistance from the rebels so far, this latest attack shows the French to be vulnerable to hit-and-run strikes.
Mali's defence minister said three raiders were killed and 11 taken prisoner. Doctors said civilians died too, caught in crossfire.
The raiders engaged troops with assault weapons and rocket-propelled grenades for five hours.
The French government has said it wants to start withdrawing troops next month, to be replaced by an African force.
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PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY I am a San Antonio Divorce attorney who specializes in divorce and family law matters. I understand how incredibly traumatic the divorce experience can be. Change is difficult. I strive to timely resolve your case in as prompt and efficient a manner as possible. I'll work persistently to insure that the delays of our opposition, intentional or not, do not stagnate your...Show more
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Zachary Quinto
@zacharyquinto - 11/21/14 01:28am the tone of the evening. and to the heart of the matter. http://t.co/CZ9K42wiuw
@zacharyquinto - 11/20/14 09:17am we've lost a tremendous artist. an arbiter of exquisite taste. a kind and generous man. a mind beyond http://t.co/LLfgFFnBSt
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Sabres future remains uncertain without government aid
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Less than one day after the National Hockey League laid down its own gauntlet to local officials concerning the pending sale of the Buffalo Sabres, the prospective owner has ratched up the pressure.
At issue is public sector support � including financial aid � for the cost of renovations and outstanding construction loans connected with HSBC Arena and not with the acquisition of the Buffalo Sabres, the six-year-old building's anchor tenant.
"We need to rationalize the finances of the building and its debt," said Buffalo businessman Mark Hamister, who along with former Western New Yorker Todd Berman, were named the preferred bidders for the Sabres by the NHL one month ago. "It is up to the community and the government."
Hamister warned without the public sector assistance he and Berman may withdraw their bid for the team, throwing its long term future in doubt. Hamister and Berman have an out clause in the bid that takes effect on Jan. 3.
"We need to have some very creative dialogue between us, the county, city and state," Hamister said. "We need some answers within the next two to four weeks."
NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman warned on Friday that unless there is a resolution to the Sabres issue, the team may be forced to file for bankruptcy protection, a move that could trigger a series of events, one of which may lead to the Sabres ceasing operations or moved to another city.
"There's no question the franchise will complete the season," Bettman told the Associated Press. "What happens beyond that will depend on if we can complete the sale."
Buffalo Mayor Anthony Masiello said he is sympathetic to Hamister's concerns. Masiello reiterated his desire to work with Hamister and Berman to keep the Sabres in the city.
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text:
form letterSaltos de línea: form let¦ter
Definición de form letter en inglés:
A standardized letter to deal with frequently occurring matters.
Example sentences
- Calling or corresponding with someone if they have come in for an interview is manageable, but to write a letter, even a form letter, to every applicant is almost a full-time position.
- Reasons contained in a standard form letter issued by the Welfare Department justifying its rejection or cancellation of thousands of disability grants were declared invalid by the high court here yesterday.
- Following receipt of a standard form letter dated 31 October in which the ERO announced his intention to include the Claimant in the 2001 Register, the Claimant wrote again on 3 November expressing his objection.
Definición de form letter en:
- Inglés de EE.UU. dictionary
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Palabra del día Sprachgefühl
Pronunciación: ˈʃprɑːxɡəˌfuːl
intuitive understanding of a language's natural idiom…


text:
Emilio Morenatti, Associated Press
MOSCOW — It was a conversation not meant for public consumption: two senior U.S. diplomats discussing the political crisis in Ukraine in strikingly frank language.
But within days, the bugged phone call landed on YouTube and was avidly tweeted by Russian officials, who cited it as proof of Western meddling in Ukrainian affairs.
The Russians denied they had any role in bugging the conversation, but they clearly relished in the embarrassment of the U.S. at a time when the ties between the two countries have been strained by a number of disputes, including Syria and most recently, Ukraine.
A look at recent attempts by Russia to jeer at the U.S.
Last May, Russian counterintelligence agents ambushed Ryan Fogle, a 29-year-old U.S. diplomat who they said was trying to recruit a Russian officer. They said he was caught red handed with a recruitment letter, two wigs, sunglasses, a compass and a wad of cash. The spy toolkit that seemed to come straight from a movie became the subject of mockery on Russian state TV for weeks.
By harboring NSA leaker Edward Snowden and refusing U.S. demands to extradite him, Russia has dealt a blow to the United States. Though President Vladimir Putin denied that Russian security agencies were controlling Snowden, many security analysts were skeptical, saying it was inconceivable the Russians wouldn't have rummaged through a trove of secrets in his possession.
The Snowden affair and the spotlight it has shone on U.S. eavesdropping activities also offered the Kremlin an opportunity to turn the tables following criticism of Russia's rights record.
In the bugged telephone conversation posted on YouTube, Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland, the top U.S. diplomat for Europe, and U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine, Geoffrey Pyatt, discuss efforts to resolve the ongoing political crisis in Ukraine and the potential roles of Ukrainian opposition leaders. At some point, a voice, believed to be Nuland, is heard making a disparaging reference to the European Union: "F--- the EU."
Washington stopped short of blaming Russia for recording the call, but the White House did note that a Russian government official tweeted a link to the video. And the State Department said the incident marked a "new low in Russian tradecraft."
The Russian government official, who posted the link, said he came across the recording while surfing the Web and denied any Russian government role. But some other Russian officials and lawmakers quickly pointed at the conversation as indication of the U.S. interference in Ukraine's home affairs.
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