text:
Interesting People
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Begin forwarded message:
From: Stephen Kent <kent () bbn com>
Date: August 20, 2008 2:00:37 PM EDT
To: Vint Cerf <vint () google com>
Subject: Re: [IP] Re: NSF and the Birth of the Internet
At 11:22 AM -0400 8/20/08, Vint Cerf wrote:
Steve, in that case, it must be that the Dec 1974 blackboard that
Karl mentions was purely TCP based and the objects encapsulated were
either encrypted payloads (segments of data) or the whole header. I
can't quite tell from the diagrams but could easily imagine at that
early date that payload encryption might have been the initial
design objective.
Or, my recollection of those BCR design details could be wrong :-)!
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|Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Ràthais[1]
Top: Town skyline, Left: Town centre clock tower, Middle top: "The Dream" sculpture, Middle bottom: Riverside Park pond, Right: River Leven Bridge, Bottom: Floral display, Riverside Park
Glenrothes shown within Fife
|8.6 sq mi (22 km2)
|39,277 [2]
|– density
|4,567 /sq mi (1,763 /km2)
|OS grid reference
|– Edinburgh
|32 mi (51 km)
|– London
|444 mi (715 km)
|Council area
|Lieutenancy area
|Sovereign state
|United Kingdom
|Post town
|Postcode district
|Dialling code
|EU Parliament
|UK Parliament
|Scottish Parliament
|Mid Fife and Glenrothes
Coordinates: 56°11′53″N 3°10′41″W / 56.198°N 3.178°W
Glenrothes ( listen (help·info); /ɡlɛnˈrɒθɨs/, glen-ROTH-iss; Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Ràthais) is a town situated in the heart of Fife, in east-central Scotland. It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) from both Edinburgh, which lies to the south and Dundee to the north. The town had a population of 39,277 in 2011 as recorded by the census, making it the third largest settlement in Fife. The name Glenrothes comes from its historical link with the Earl of Rothes who owned much of the land upon which the new town has been built; "Glen" (Scottish for valley) was added to the name to avoid confusion with Rothes in Moray and in recognition that the town lies in a river valley.
Planned in the late 1940s as one of Scotland's first post-second world war new towns its original purpose was to house miners who were to work at a newly established coal mine, the Rothes Colliery. Following the failure of the mine the town developed as an important industrial centre in Scotland's Silicon Glen between 1961 and 2000 with several major electronics and hi-tech companies setting up facilities in the town. The Glenrothes Development Corporation (GDC), a non-departmental public body, was established to develop, manage and promote the new town. The GDC supported by the local authority oversaw the governance of Glenrothes until the wind-up of the GDC in 1995, after which all responsibility was transferred to Fife Council.
Glenrothes is the administrative capital of Fife containing both the Fife Council and Police Scotland Fife Division headquarters. Home to Fife's main concentration of specialist manufacturing and engineering companies, several organisations have their global headquarters based in Glenrothes.[3] Public services and service industries are also important to the town's economy. Major employers include Bosch Rexroth (hydraulics manufacturing), Brand Rex (fibre optics manufacturing), Fife College (education), Raytheon (defence and electronics) and Tullis Russell (papermakers).[4] Glenrothes is unique in Fife as the majority of the town's centre is contained indoors, within Fife's largest indoor shopping centre, the Kingdom Shopping Centre.
The town has won multiple horticultural awards in the "Beautiful Scotland" and "Britain in Bloom" contests for the quality of its parks and landscaping. It has numerous outdoor sculptures and artworks, a result of the appointment of town artists in the early development of the town. Public facilities include a sports centre, two golf courses, a civic centre and theatre, a cinema and a college campus. The A92 trunk road provides the principal access to the town passing through Glenrothes and connecting it to the wider Scottish motorway and trunk road network. A major bus station is located in the town centre providing regional and local bus services to surrounding settlements.
- 1 History
- 2 Governance
- 3 Geography
- 4 Demographics
- 5 Economy
- 6 Culture and community
- 7 Landmarks
- 8 Education
- 9 Transport
- 10 References
- 11 External links
The name Rothes comes from the association with the north-east Scotland Earl of Rothes, family name Leslie. The Leslie family historically owned much of the land upon which Glenrothes has been built and their family name gave the adjacent village of Leslie its name. Glen (from the Scottish Gaelic word 'gleann' meaning valley) was added to prevent confusion with Rothes in Moray and to reflect the location of the town within the Leven valley.[5][6][7]
The different areas (precincts) of Glenrothes have been named after the hamlets already established (e.g. Cadham, Woodside), the farms which once occupied the land (e.g. Caskieberran, Collydean, Rimbleton) or historical country houses in the area (e.g. Balbirnie, Balgeddie, Leslie Parks).[8]
Glenrothes new town[edit]
Glenrothes was designated in 1948 under the New Towns (Scotland) Act 1946 as Scotland's second post-war new town.[9][10] The case for developing the new town was largely driven by a national energy strategy created by the British Government following the Second World War. The concept was further advanced in a report produced in 1946 by Sir Frank Mears to the Central and South-East Scotland Planning Committee. This made the case for a new town in the Leslie-Markinch area to support growth in the coal mining industry in Fife.[7][11]
The planning, development, management and promotion of the new town was the responsibility of the Glenrothes Development Corporation (GDC), a quango appointed by the Secretary of State for Scotland.[12] The corporation board consisted of eight members including a chairman and deputy chairman.[13] The first meeting of the GDC was in Auchmuty House, provided by Tullis Russell on 20 June 1949.[14][15]
The original plan was to build a new settlement for a population of 32,000 to 35,000 people. The land which Glenrothes now occupies was largely agricultural and once contained a number of small rural communities and the hamlets of Cadham and Woodside which were established to house workers at local paper mills. Originally the new town was going to be centred on Markinch; however the village's infrastructure was deemed unable to withstand the substantial growth required to realise a new town.[5] Leslie and Thornton were also considered as possible locations, but finally an area of 5,320 acres (2,153 ha) between all of these villages was zoned for the new town's development.[16] Much of the historical Aytoun, Balfour, Balgonie and Rothes estates were incorporated into Glenrothes' assigned area along with the historical country houses Balbirnie House, Balgeddie House and Leslie House.[17][18] Prior to the development of Glenrothes the main industries in the area were papermaking, coal mining and farming.
The Rothes Colliery, the new coal mine associated with the town's development, was built on land to the west of Thornton, an established village south of Glenrothes. The mine which was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1957 was promoted as being a key driver in the economic regeneration of central Fife.[19] However, un-stemmable flooding and geological problems in the area combined with a lessening demand for coal nationally had a significant impact on the viability of the mine which resulted in its eventual closure in 1965.[7] Ironically, miners who had worked in older deep pits in the area had fore-warned against the development of the Rothes Pit for this very reason.[20]
The coal mine's closure almost resulted in further development of Glenrothes being stopped. However shortly following the closure Central Government decided to change the town's role by appointing Glenrothes as one of the economic focal points for Central Scotland as part of a National Plan for economic growth and development.[21] The Glenrothes Development Corporation were successful in attracting a plethora of modern electronics factories to the town as a consequence. The first big overseas electronic investor was Beckmans Instruments in 1959 followed by Hughes Industries in the early 1960s.[20] A number of other important companies followed establishing Glenrothes as a major hub in Scotland's Silicon Glen.[22] During the middle of the 1970s, the town also became the headquarters of Fife Regional Council; effectively the county town of Fife, taking over the role from Cupar.[12][23][24]
Unlike the other post-war Scottish new towns; Cumbernauld, East Kilbride, Irvine or Livingston, Glenrothes was not originally to be a Glasgow overspill new town, although it did later take this role. It was however populated in the early 1950s, in part, by families moving from the declining coalfield areas of Scotland.[20]
Major industrial estates were developed to the south of Glenrothes, largely due to the proximity to the proposed East Fife Regional Road (A92) which was developed in 1989 giving dual carriageway access to the main central Scotland road network.[21] The Silicon Glen era peaked in the 1990s with Canon developing their first UK manufacturing plant at Westwood Park in Glenrothes in 1992.[11] ADC Telecommunications, a major American electronics company, established a base at Bankhead in early 2000 with the promise of a substantial number of jobs.[25] By 2004 both companies had closed their Glenrothes operations with the promised jobs growth never materialising to any substantial level. The electronics industrial sector in Glenrothes and most of central Scotland was dependent upon an inward investment strategy that led to almost 43% of employment in foreign-owned plants which were susceptible to changes in global economic markets.[26] Around the start of the 21st century, a decline in major electronics manufacturing in Scotland impacted on the town's economy and as a result the industrial base of the town was forced to diversify.[27][28]
The GDC left a lasting legacy on the town by overseeing the development of 15,378 houses, 5,174,125 square feet (480,692 m2) of industrial floorspace, 735,476 square feet (68,328 m2) of office floorspace and 576,977 square feet (53,603 m2) of shopping floorspace.[9] Since the demise of the GDC Glenrothes continues to serve as Fife's principal administrative centre and serves a wider sub-regional area as a major centre for services and employment.
Public perception of Glenrothes and new town's generally has been subject to considerable debate with a broad spectrum of opinions and views presented on the perceived successes and failures of the town since its inception.[29] In 2008 Canadian artist and researcher Sylvia Grace Borda chose to holiday for a week in Glenrothes to explore, as was perceived, "an area considered by many Scots as uninteresting and unworthy of documentation".[30][31] She was curious to explore the town as if she were a late-1960s photographer of commonplace following on from her study of East Kilbride new town.[32]
Glenrothes gained national publicity in 2009 by winning a Carbuncle Award following an unofficial contest operated by Urban Realm and Carnyx Group which was set up to criticise the quality of built environments in Scotland. The judges of the contest awarded Glenrothes the category of the most dismal place in Scotland for its "depressed and investment starved town centre".[33] This generated mixed views from locals and built environment professions alike.[34] Contrary to this, in 2010 the town has won awards for being the "Best Kept Large Town" and the most "Clean, sustainable and beautiful community" in Scotland in the Beautiful Scotland competition[35][36] and was the winner in the "large town" category in the 2011 Royal Horticultural Society Britain in Bloom competition.[37][38] The town continued its horticultural success by achieving a second Gold award in the 2013 UK finals.[39] In 2011 Historic Scotland completed an assessment of the town art in Glenrothes, ultimately awarding listed building status to a number of artworks scattered throughout the town. The organisation also gave positive recognition to Glenrothes' significant role in helping to create the idea of art being a key factor in creating a sense of place.[40]
In the early years of the creation of the new town the Glenrothes Development Corporation (GDC) with input from the local authority, then Fife County Council, oversaw the governance of the new town. In the early 1990s the then Conservative UK Government established a wind-up order for all of the UK's new town development corporations. Responsibilities for the assets, management and governance of all of the new towns were to be transferred to either private sector companies or to the local authorities or other government organisations. The GDC was finally wound up in 1995 after which responsibility for Glenrothes was largely transferred to Fife Council with some assets such as the Kingdom Shopping Centre, industrial and office units sold off to private sector companies.[9]
Glenrothes is represented by a number of tiers of elected government. North Glenrothes Community Council and Pitteuchar, Stenton and Finglassie Community Council form the lowest tier of governance whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government.[41] Glenrothes now lies within one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. Fife Council is the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance in the region and has its main headquarters based in Glenrothes.[42][43] Council meetings take place in Fife House (formerly known as Glenrothes House) in the town centre. The west wing of the building was built by the Glenrothes Development Corporation (GDC) as their offices in 1969, which was later used as the headquarters of Fife Regional Council.[44] Since the last Scottish election in 2012, Fife Council is governed by a minority Labour Party, claiming a total of 35 seats, with the support of Conservative Party and Independent Councillors.[45]
Glenrothes forms part of the county constituency of Glenrothes, electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. Lindsay Roy of the Labour Party is the MP for Glenrothes.[46] For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, Glenrothes forms part of the Mid Fife and Glenrothes constituency following the 2011 Scottish elections. This newly formed constituency replaces the former Central Fife constituency taking in the Leven, Largo and Kennoway ward and excluding the Buckhaven, Methil and Wemyss Villages ward.[47] Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post system of election, and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. The constituency is represented by Tricia Marwick, MSP and Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, of the Scottish National Party.[48][49]
Glenrothes lies in mid-Fife between the agricultural "Howe of Fife" in the north and east and Fife's industrial heartland in the south and west. The neighbouring settlements are Coaltown of Balgonie, Leslie, Markinch and Thornton. The boundaries of the town are virtually indistinguishable between its neighbouring small towns and villages forming a contiguous urban area.[50] The villages of Kinglassie, Milton of Balgonie and Star of Markinch are located slightly further away and are physically separated from Glenrothes by farmland. Kirkcaldy, a traditional industrial centre is the next nearest large town and lies approximately 7 miles (11 km) to the south of the town. Glenrothes is also located equidistant from two of Fife's other principal settlements, Dunfermline and St Andrews, at 19 miles (31 km) and 21 miles (34 km) away. Two of Scotland's major cities, Edinburgh and Dundee, are located almost equidistantly from Glenrothes at 32 miles (51 km) and 27 miles (43 km) away, respectively. The smaller Scottish city of Perth is located 23 miles (37 km) to the northwest.
The northern parts of the settlement lie upland on the southern fringes of the Lomond Hills Regional Park. The central parts of the town extend between the southern edge of the River Leven valley; a substantial green space which passes east west through the town, and the Warout Ridge. Southern parts of Glenrothes are largely industrial and are situated on land which gently slopes south towards the Lochty Burn and the village of Thornton.[51] The height above mean sea level at the town centre is 300 feet (91 m).[52] Temperatures in Glenrothes, like the rest of Scotland, are relatively moderate given its northern latitude. Fife is a peninsula, located between the Firth of Tay in the north, the Firth of Forth in the south and the North Sea in the east. Summers are relatively cool and the warming of the water over the summer results in warm winters. Average annual temperatures in Glenrothes range from a maximum of 18 °C (64 °F) to a minimum of 9 °C (48 °F).[53]
A linked network of semi-natural landscape areas throughout the town allow for a mix of biodiversity with different flora and fauna and wildlife habitats.[51][54] Areas of ancient woodland are found in Riverside Park and Balbirnie Park, both of which are also designated historic gardens and designed landscapes.[55] Balbirnie Park is renowned for having a large collection of rhododendron species.[56] Protected wildlife species found in the Glenrothes area include red squirrels,[57]water voles[58] and various types of bats.[59] Landscape areas also act as natural drainage systems, reducing the likelihood of flooding in the built up areas of the town, with rainwater flows channelled to the River Leven, or to the Lochty Burn.[60] Landscape planning has also ensured that Glenrothes' road network, with particular focuses on the town's many roundabouts, provides green networks throughout the town.[51]
Built environment and urban form[edit]
Careful consideration was given to the form and infrastructure of the town, focusing on the creation of individual suburban type neighbourhoods (precincts), each with their own architectural identity. Engineers, planners, builders and architects were tasked with creating not only good quality mass housing but green spaces, tree planting, wildlife corridors and soft and hard landscaping. This was seen as an equally important part of the process, helping to provide a sense of place and connection to the land that a New Town was felt to need in order to become a successful place where people would want to live and raise children.[61]
The settlement has been purposely planned using a series of masterplans. Development of Glenrothes started in Woodside in the east and progressed westwards. The first town masterplan was implemented as far as South Parks and Rimbleton housing precincts.[20][62][63] Early residential precincts were based on Ebenezer Howard's Garden City philosophy, using relatively tried and tested principles of town planning and architecture which is reflected in their housing styles and layouts.[12][20]
The first town masterplan sub-divided the town's designated area into self-contained residential precincts with their own primary schools, local shops and community facilities.[16] Separating industry as far as possible from housing areas in planned industrial estates was a key element of the plan.[64] This was a step change from the unplanned, congested and polluted industrial towns and cities of the previous centuries where cramped unsanitary housing and dirty industries were built in close proximity to one another. The vision for Glenrothes was to provide a clean, healthy and safe environment for the town's residents.[16]
A second town masterplan was developed in the late 1960s following Glenrothes' change of role and was to accommodate an increased population target of 50,000-70,000. New areas of land in the north and south of the designated area were brought into production for new development.[65] The road network was upgraded to deal with projected increases in car ownership and new housing estates were developed to the west, then to the south and finally to the north of the designated area.[66]
The housing precincts of the 1960s and 1970s, developed under the second masterplan, departed slightly from the garden city ideals instead adopting Radburn principles; separating as far as possible footpaths from roads. The housing precincts were designed to better accommodate increases in car ownership which increased significantly from the 1960s onwards.[67] The townscape changed in this period with a mixture of higher densities, more contemporary architectural styles and new development layouts. Terraced housing and flats were predominantly developed with the fronts of houses designed to face onto public footpaths and open spaces. Car parking was kept either to the rear of properties or in parking bays located nearby in efforts to reduce the likelihood of road accidents occurring.[67] Housing precincts from the 1980s onwards were largely developed by the private sector with the majority of this housing developed in low density suburban cul-de-sacs.[51] Landscaping around the town included the blending of housing into the northern hillside through the use of structural planting and tree belts.[60]
The Mid Fife Local Plan adopted in 2012 is guiding the future development of the town. This identifies land in the east and west of the settlement as well as in surrounding villages for the development of approximately 1,800 new houses. There are also proposals for renewal and development in the town centre and for upgrading the industrial estates and business parks at Queensway, Westwood Park and Whitehill.[68]
The Glenrothes area's geology is predominantly made up by glacial deposits with the subsoil largely consisting of boulder clay with a band of sand and gravel in the area to the north of the River Leven. The river valley largely comprises alluvium deposits and there are also igneous intrusions of olivine dolerite throughout the area.[69] Productive coal measures were largely recorded in the southern parts of Glenrothes, approximately south of the line of the B921 Kinglassie road. These coal measures form part of the East Fife coalfield and prior to 1962 the deposits there were to be worked by the Rothes Colliery, until it was found that there were severe issues with water penetration and subsequent flooding. Smaller limestone coal outcrops that had been historically worked were recorded around the Balbirnie and Cadham/Balfarg areas with the land that is now Gilvenbank Park found particularly to be heavily undermined.[69]
In 1950 the population in the Glenrothes designated area was approximately 1,000 people who were located in the hamlets of Woodside and Cadham and in the numerous farm steadings that were spread throughout the area.[70] Population growth in the early phases of the town was described as being slow due to the dependence on the growth of work places at the Rothes Colliery. In 1960 the town population was shown to have increased to 12,499 people rising to 28,098 by 1969.[70] The town experienced its greatest levels of population growth between 1964 and 1969 with an average inward migration level of 1,900 persons per annum.[71] In 1981 Glenrothes' population was estimated to have risen to 35,000[71] and at the time the GDC was disbanded in 1995 it was estimated that the town's population stood at just over 40,000 people.[72]
|Glenrothes compared according to UK Census 2011[73]
|Total population
|Percentage Scottish identity only
|Over 75 years old
The 2001 census recorded the population of Glenrothes at 38,679 representing 11% of Fife's total population.[74] The 2011 census recorded a slight population rise to 39,277.[2] The total population in the wider Glenrothes area was estimated at 50,771 based on 2011 mid year estimates from the National Records of Scotland.[75] The number of households in Glenrothes in 2011 was recorded at 16,910; 64.5% of which were owned. The age groups from 30-44 year olds (20.2%) and 45-59 year olds (21.3%) form the largest portion of the population. 16-29 year olds made up 16.6% of the town's population.[73]
A study undertaken by Heriot-Watt University in 2008 showed a local average gross weekly wage of £450 in the Glenrothes area, against a Fife average of £449 and a Scottish average of £468.[75] Wages are reflective of the type of jobs available locally, including higher than average employment in manufacturing and the public sector.[76] The working age population of the town in 2011 was 29,079. The percentage of population economically active in Glenrothes was recorded at 68.2% in 2011.[2]
At June 2014 there was a recorded 970 Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) claimants in the Glenrothes area. This figure demonstrates an annual drop of over 640 claimants (a near 40% reduction) from the 2013 recorded level representing the largest proportionate reduction of all the committee areas in Fife.[77] Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) figures indicate that Auchmuty, Cadham, Collydean, Macedonia and Tanshall areas in Glenrothes fall within the 10-15% banding of deprived communities in Scotland.[78] Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation figures in 2012 records the percentage of local population that is employment deprived at 14.5% against a Fife and Scottish Average of 12.8%. The percentage of the local population that is income deprived in 2012 was recorded at 15.7% against a Fife and Scottish average of 13.4%.[75]
The Glenrothes area's economy predominantly comprises manufacturing industries, health and public sector jobs and service sector jobs.[79] The number of people employed in Glenrothes is around 24,700;[79] approximately 15% of the 163,000 jobs in Fife.[80] Glenrothes is recognised for having the main concentration of specialist manufacturing and engineering companies in Fife.[3] There are large concentrations of business premises in the south of the town and around the town centre.[76][81] Major employment areas in Glenrothes include: Bankhead, Eastfield, Pentland Park, Queensway, Southfield, Viewfield, Westwood Park and Whitehill.[51] At 1 April 2010 there were a total of 916 office and industrial premises in and around Glenrothes, of which 680 (74%) were occupied.[76]
Manufacturing industries[edit]
In 2011 manufacturing accounted for 18% of employment in Glenrothes.[79] Traditional industries exist in the area, with paper manufacturing being one of the town's largest employers. Tullis Russell is the largest paper manufacturer in the area and has operated from its current site for over 200 years, pre-dating the development of Glenrothes.[82] The current facility is made up by an agglomeration of two former mills; the Auchmuty Mill and the Rothes Mill.[83] A smaller paper manufacturer, Fourstones Paper Mill, has established operations at the Fettykil Mill in Leslie to the west of the town.[84]
A number of high tech industrial companies are located in Glenrothes largely specialised in electronics manufacturing. These are what remain of the clustering of Silicon Glen operations in the area which has gradually reduced and consolidated since the peak in the late 1990s.[51] Remaining companies specialised in this sector include Brand Rex which specialises in the development of fibre optic cabling,[85] Compugraphics which develops photomasks for the microelectronics sector,[86] Regenersis which provides technology repair and test services[87] and Semefab which produces Micro Electric Mechanical Systems (MEMS).[88] Other major companies which have established a base in Glenrothes include Bosch Rexroth (hydraulics manufacturing), Raytheon (defence industry/electronics),[79] and Velux (roof windows manufacturing).[79][89]
Public sector[edit]
A number of public service agencies and authorities are based in Glenrothes contributing to the town's administrative centre function. Police Scotland has established its Fife Division headquarters in Glenrothes at Viewfield.[90] HM Revenue and Customs, Kingdom Housing Association and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) also have offices in Glenrothes at Pentland Park; a business park within the town.[91] Fife College is also a key employer in Glenrothes with a large campus based at Stenton Road adjacent to Viewfield Industrial Estate.[76] Fife Council is a major employer in the locality with its prominent local authority headquarters building located in Glenrothes town centre. Many of the other council departments are contained in a number of the town centre's office blocks and a major depot and office facility is located at Bankhead.[43]
Retail and service industries[edit]
Retail jobs accounted for approximately 11% of the total number of jobs in the local economy in 2011.[79] The majority of shopping, retail services and administrative facilities in Glenrothes are concentrated in the town centre (central business district). The Kingdom Centre provides the main shopping element of the town centre containing approximately 100 shop units and is anchored by a Dunnes department store. Community and commercial leisure facilities within the shopping centre include the Rothes Halls complex; the town's theatre, library, civic and exhibition centre. A cinema, restaurant, pub and bingo hall complex are located adjacent to the shopping centre at Carrick Gate/Church Street.[92] Ten-pin bowling facilities will also be available in the town centre with an announcement to refurbish and reopen the former Fraser bowling alley facility at Albany Gate.[93] The Golden Acorn Hotel and pub is located at the eastern end of the town centre on North Street.[94]
The town centre has expanded beyond its original boundaries into the adjacent Queensway employment area. A number of commercial operators including the town's major supermarkets and a large bingohall complex are located in Queensway.[95] The town's largest retail employers are Asda and Morrisons, which both trade from large stores at Queensway.[76] A retail park has also been constructed at the Saltire Centre, approximately half of a mile (1 km) to the southwest of the town centre.[96]
Other types of service industries also add to the town's economic mix, with large single employers being in the 'accommodation and food services' sector which accounted for 4% of the towns total jobs.[79] Balbirnie House Hotel and Balgeddie House Hotel are the largest hotel operators in the immediate area.[76] Business administration services represent 4% of the total number of jobs in the town.[79]
Regeneration and future development[edit]
A Glenrothes town centre action plan has been developed to create a vision for the wider town centre area. This was informed by a summit that was held in March 2013 which was attended by representatives of the local business community, voluntary groups and other individuals with an interest in the future of Glenrothes Town Centre. In May 2013, it was agreed at Glenrothes Area Committee to approve the Glenrothes Town Centre Action Plan. A range of projects are being delivered to assist in the regeneration of the town centre.[97][98]
In 2013 RWE npower renewables completed development of a £200 million combined heat and power plant at Tullis Russell Papermakers. This is the biggest of its kind in the UK and with an installed capacity of up to 65 megawatts (MW) it will be able to deliver up to 120 metric tonnes of industrial steam per hour. The plant can generate enough electricity to power the adjacent papermills and the surrounding town.[99][100]
Glenrothes is to be home to the UK's First 100% Green Data Centre which is to be built at Queensway Business Park. This has been hailed as an extremely significant economic development for the area and a strategically important part of Scotland's IT infrastructure as a whole. The £40 million development will create up to 250 construction jobs and around 50 full-time skilled technology and engineering jobs when completed in just over a year. The facility will be the first of its kind in the UK drawing its energy from a renewable source with power coming from the largest biomass plant in the country located at the nearby Tullis Russell papermills. Queensway Data Centre will accommodate up to 1500 high performance computer racks offering the highest levels of resilience and data security. The facility will be built to a BREEAM outstanding standard with a power usage effectiveness (PUE) rating of less than 1.15.[101]
Indian beverages group Kyndal has entered into a joint venture with John Fergus & Co Ltd to establish a new malt distillery and bonded warehouse facility in Glenrothes. The new distillery, to be named Inchdairnie, will focus on exporting to markets in India, Africa and the Far East and will create 15 new jobs as well as generate new exports worth a predicted £3.6 million to Scotland over the next three years. It is expected to be operational by 2015 and will be located at Whitehill Industrial Estate adjacent to Fife Airport.[102][103]
Culture and community[edit]
In 1968 Glenrothes was the first town in the UK to appoint a town artist. This is now recognised as playing a significant role, both in a Scottish and in an international context, in helping to create the idea of art being a key factor in creating a sense of place.[40] Two town artists, David Harding (1968–78) and Malcolm Robertson (1978–91), were employed in the lifetime of the GDC.[104] Both artists, supported by a number of assistants, created a large variety of artworks and sculptures that are scattered throughout the town.[61] Other artists have also contributed to the creation of the town's artworks.[61] The first sculpture erected in Glenrothes was "Ex Terra", created by Benno Schotz.[105] "The Good Samaritan" sculpture in Riverside Park was produced by Edinburgh based sculptor, Ronald Rae, who was commissioned by the GDC to produce a piece of art work in celebration of the town's 40th anniversary in 1988.[104]
The town has won numerous awards locally and nationally for the quality of its landscaping;[35][38] something that is promoted by the "Take a Pride in Glenrothes" (TAPIG) group.[36] The Glenrothes Development Corporation devoted around one third of land in Glenrothes to the provision of open space.[60] As a consequence the town has numerous parks, the largest being Balbirnie Park,[56] Carleton Park,[106] Gilvenbank Park,[107] Riverside Park,[108] and Warout Park.[109][110] The Lomond Hills Regional Park borders and enters the town to the north and east.[111]
The Glenrothes & Area Heritage Centre established a permanent base in November 2013 following a series of successful temporary exhibitions held previously in the town centre. The heritage centre is run by local volunteers and operates from a shop unit in the Kingdom Shopping Centre. It focuses on the history of the Glenrothes area from a period between the early 19th century to the late 20th century.[112]
A war memorial was constructed in Glenrothes in 2007 following the deaths of two local Black Watch soldiers in Iraq. Prior to this Glenrothes was in the unusual position of not being able to host its own Remembrance Sunday commemorations. Unlike traditional memorials, the Glenrothes war memorial consists of two interlinking rings of standing stones.[113]
The Rothes Halls complex is the town's main theatre, exhibition, conference and civic centre venue.[114] The town's central library and a cafe also form part of the complex. For a short period, a community cinema operated at the Rothes Halls on a monthly basis. The success of the community cinema revived interest for a permanent cinema in the town again. This resulted in a new cinema opening in 2010 giving the local population access to the latest film releases.[92][115]
There are a number of social clubs and organisations operating within Glenrothes which contribute to the cultural and community offerings of the town. These include an art club, various youth clubs, a floral art club, amateur theatre groups, a choral society and a variety of sports clubs.[116][117] Glenrothes hosts an annual gala which is held at Warout Park and has a variety of family activities including a dog show, highland dancing and a funfair with stalls.[118] Summer and winter festivals were held in Riverside Park in 2012. The summer festival included sporting events along with arts and crafts, food stalls and fairground shows.[119] The winter festival coincided with bonfire night celebrations and included the town's annual fireworks display which was previously held at Warout Park. Markinch and Thornton each host an annual Highland Games[120] and the other surrounding villages host their own annual gala days and festivals.[121]
The town has a large variety of established sports facilities including two 18-hole golf courses (Glenrothes and Balbirnie), a football stadium at Warout and a major sports complex, the Michael Woods Sports and Leisure Centre.[51][60][122][123] The new centre was named after the late SNP Councillor Michael Woods in a controversial decision taken by the Glenrothes Area Committee in 2012.[124] The sports centre was recognised for its architectural quality in the 2014 Scottish Property Awards, coming second place in the Architectural Excellence Award for Public Buildings.[125]
The local football club is the Glenrothes F.C., a junior side who play at Warout Park. Glenrothes also has a rugby club based at Carleton Park and a cricket club who play at Riverside Park.[122][126] The Road Running Festival in Glenrothes is the largest annual sporting event in the town with over 1500 people of all ages and levels of fitness taking part and has been held annually since 1983.[127]
Glenrothes has a twin-town link with Böblingen, a city in Baden-Württemberg in Germany since 1971.[128] As early as 1962 a local councillor had suggested that the town might "twin" with a town on the Continent.[129] Some years later a friendship grew up between teachers at Glenrothes High School and the 'Gymnasium' in Böblingen which eventually led to the twinning of the towns. Since then there have been a number of exchanges on official, club and personal levels.[129]
Famous people associated with the town include the actor Dougray Scott who grew up in Glenrothes and attended Auchmuty High School. Douglas Mason, known as one of the engineers of the "Thatcher revolution" and the "father of the poll tax" set up home in Glenrothes in the 1960s and spent most of his adult life living there.[130] John Wallace, who became Principal of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (now the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland) in 2002[131] and is a famous trumpeter, played in the town's Tullis Russell Mills Band.[132][133] Henry McLeish, the former First Minister of Scotland lived in Glenrothes, having been brought up in nearby Kennoway. Glenrothes town centre is home to the building involved in the notorious Officegate scandal, which ultimately led to McLeish's resignation as First Minister in 2001.
The most prominent landmarks in Glenrothes are the River Leven Bridge, the Tullis Russell factory chimneys, Raeburn Heights; a residential tower block and Fife House; an office block, both of which sit at the western corners of the town centre.[134] The River Leven Bridge, which spans Riverside Park and carries the town's Western Distributor Road, is a cable-stayed bridge that was completed in 1995. The bridge was designed by Dundee based Nicoll Russell Studios, Architects and was commissioned by the Glenrothes Development Corporation (GDC) as a landmark creating a gateway into Riverside Park that could be seen from further afield.[135] The bridge was constructed by Balfour Beatty Construction (Scotland) and it was the first reinforced-concrete cable-stayed structure ever built in the UK.[136]
A number of Glenrothes' artworks and sculptures act as landmarks at major gateways into the town, such as the "Giant Irises" at Leslie Roundabout, and the Glenrothes "Gateway Totum" at Bankhead Roundabout.[51] Former town artist Malcolm Robertson produced the "Giant Irises" sculpture as Glenrothes' contribution to the Glasgow Garden Festival. The sculpture was the winner of the John Brown Clydebank award for the "Most Original and Amusing Artifact" and following the festival, it was re-erected at Leslie Roundabout.[104][137] A number of other sculptures were relocated in 2011 to more visually prominent locations around the town creating new landmarks.[138][139] Four pieces of Glenrothes artworks have been awarded listed status by Historic Scotland.[140] "Ex Terra" has been listed at Category B[141] and the "The Birds", "The Henge" and "Work" (or Industry, Past and Present) at Category C.[142][143][144] Historic Scotland has also produced a website, a video and an information brochure dedicated to the Glenrothes town art.[40][61]
Glenrothes is home to the remains of ancient stone circles which can be seen at Balbirnie[56] and Balfarg[145] in the northeast of the town. The Balfarg henge was constructed around 3,000BC and contains the remnants of a stone circle which has been partly reconstructed.[146] The henge was excavated between 1977 and 1978 prior to the development of a new housing estate.[146] The Balbirnie henge which is only located approximately 500m away from Balfarg was excavated between 1970 and 1971. In order to allow widening of the A92 the stones were moved a short distance to a new location at North Lodge and reconstructed as nearly as possible in the original way.[146] The stone circle has been carbon dated as being from the bronze age.[56] It is thought that the Balbrinie stone circle and the Balfarg circle once formed part of a larger ceremonial complex.[146]
There are a number of former stately homes located in Glenrothes. Balbirnie House, the category-A listed[147] Georgian former home of the Balfour family, was bought along with its grounds in 1969 by the GDC from the Balfour family to be developed as Balbirnie Park and golf course.[122][148][149] The house was later occupied and restored by the GDC in 1981, to stop the property falling into disrepair. This led to potential interest and the house was converted into a four-star hotel in 1989. The B-listed former stable block[150] of the house was converted into a craft centre.[122] Balgeddie House, a C-Listed[151] former Edwardian residence of Sir Robert Spencer Nairn located in the northwest of the town, has also been converted into a high quality hotel.[17] Leslie House, the category-A listed[152] 17th century former home of the Leslie family, became a care home for the elderly in 1945; owned by the Church of Scotland. The building was in the process of being renovated, when the interior and roof of the house were destroyed by a fire in February 2009. This has put the redevelopment on hold.[153] Much of the former grounds of Leslie House have been used to create Riverside Park. Collydean precinct hosts a ruin of a 17th-century house called Pitcairn House which was built for and first occupied by Archibald Pitcairne famous Scottish physician.[8]
The town is also home to a number of churches which act as important landmarks as a result of their unique architectural styles and sometimes their locations at key road junctions. The three earliest churches are now listed buildings. These are St. Margaret's Church[154] in Woodside (category C listed), St. Paul's RC Church[155] in Auchmuty (category A listed), and St. Columba's Church[156] on Church Street (category A listed) in the town centre.[95][157][158] St. Paul's RC was designed by architects Gillespie, Kidd and Coia[95][157][159] and has been described as "the most significant piece of modern church architecture north of the English Channel".[160] In 1993 it was listed as one of sixty key monuments of post-war architecture by the international conservation organisation DoCoMoMo. The church sits at a junction between two main distributor roads. St Columba's Church, designed by architects Wheeler & Sproson, underwent significant restoration in 2009.[161][162] Internally the church contains a large mural created by Alberto Morrocco titled 'The Way of the Cross', which was completed in 1962. Externally the church with its distinctive triangular iron bell tower and Mondrian inspired stain glass windows[163] acts as a landmark at the south-western gateway to the town centre.
Early precincts in the town were served by their own primary schools which were to be provided on the basis of one school for every 1,000 houses.[164] The first primary school to be opened in Glenrothes was Carleton Primary School, built in 1953 in Woodside.[16] In total thirteen primary schools were developed in the town, twelve of which are non-denominational and one which serves catholic pupils.[51][164] In February 2014 Fife Council's Executive Committee voted to close one of Glenrothes' primary schools at Tanshall. This was done as part of a wider school estate review which sought to reduce costs. The closure has faced considerable local opposition and the proposals were called-in by the Scottish Government Ministers in April 2014.[165]
There are three secondary schools in Glenrothes, the earliest of which is Auchmuty High School, opened in 1957. Secondary Schools were to be provided on the basis of one school for every 4,000 houses.[164] Glenwood High School was built in 1962 to serve the western precincts. Prior to 1966 older pupils had to attend schools in neighbouring towns to continue "Higher" examinations as Auchmuty and Glenwood only provided for pupils at junior secondary level.[166] Glenrothes High School was built in 1966 to accommodate pupils at a higher level. However changes in the education system nationally meant that both Auchmuty and Glenwood were raised to full high school status in the 1970s.[167][168] Auchmuty High School serves the east and southern parts of Glenrothes as well as the villages of Markinch, Coaltown of Balgonie and Thornton.[169] As part of the £126 million Building Fife's Future Project a replacement for Auchmuty was completed and opened to pupils in 2013.[170] Glenrothes High School serves the central and northern areas in the town.[171] Glenwood High School serves the western parts of Glenrothes and the villages of Leslie and Kinglassie.[172] Catholic pupils in Glenrothes attend St Andrew's High School in neighbouring Kirkcaldy.[173]
Further education in the town is provided at Fife College; created in August 2013 from the merger between the former Adam Smith College and Carnegie College which was based in Dunfermline.[174] Construction of a Glenrothes college campus began in the early 1970s, originally specialising in paper manufacturing, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering courses. A second institute known as FIPRE (Fife Institute of Physical and Recreational Education) was built adjacent catering for sport and physical education as well as providing a sports centre for the town.[164] The Glenrothes campus of the college is located at Stenton Road in Viewfield. A smaller campus also exists within the Southfield Industrial Estate.[175] The Stenton Road Campus was significantly extended in 2010 with the development of the "Future Skills Centre". This centre includes new departments in engineering, construction, renewables and science to cater for emerging industries specialising in renewable energy and low carbon technologies as well as provide training for major engineering projects.[176]
Glenrothes has a planned road network with original masterplans establishing the principle that "through traffic" be bypassed around the housing precincts by a network of "Freeway" and "Highway" distributor roads. These would connect each precinct to the purposely designed town centre and to the industrial estates.[177] A purposely designed pedestrian and cycle system[178] was also created using a network of ring and radial routes throughout the town.[177] Another element that was adopted was the use of roundabouts at junctions instead of traffic lights which would allow traffic to flow freely.[177]
The town has direct dual-carriageway access to the M90 via the A92 Trunk Road. The A92 passes north/south through the town and connects Glenrothes with Dundee in the north and Dunfermline in the southwest where it merges with the M90. This gives Glenrothes a continuous dual-carriageway link to Edinburgh and the major central Scotland road networks, whilst much of the route north to Dundee remains a single-carriageway.[12] Local campaigners have for a number of years sought the upgrade of the A92 north of Glenrothes.[179] The A911 road passes east/west through the town and connects it with Levenmouth in the east and Milnathort and the M90 in the west.[180] The B921 Kinglassie Road, described in early masterplans as the Southern Freeway,[177] links Glenrothes to the former mining communities of Cardenden and Kinglassie, and to Westfield. The route is a dual carriageway between Bankhead Roundabout and as far west as Fife Airport. Early masterplans show that this route was originally intended to be upgraded to provide duelled connections to the A92 Chapel junction in Kirkcaldy,[177] however this has never been implemented.
The town has a major bus station in the town centre providing frequent links to the cities of Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Perth as well as to surrounding towns and villages.[181] Two railway stations on the edge of the main town serve the Glenrothes area - Glenrothes with Thornton railway station and Markinch railway station.[180] Glenrothes is home to an airfield, Fife Airport (ICAO code EGPJ), which is used for general aviation with private light aircraft.[182] Edinburgh Airport is the nearest international airport to Glenrothes, Dundee Airport operates daily flights to London, Birmingham and Belfast.[183]
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- ^ "Glenrothes Cycle Ways". Fife Council. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ "A92 campaigners urged to make 'economic case' for improvements". Dundee: The Courier. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- ^ a b Cowling, 1997, pp.28-29.
- ^ "Glenrothes Bus Station". Fife Council. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ "Fife Airport Information". Fife Airport. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
- ^ "Dundee Airport Information". www.hial.co.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
- Cowling, David (1997). An Essay for Today – The Scottish New Towns 1947-1997 (1st ed.). Edinburgh: Rutland Press. ISBN 1-873190-47-6.
- Ferguson, Keith (1982). A History of Glenrothes (1st ed.). Glenrothes: Glenrothes Development Corporation. ASIN B001P4JSI0.
- Ferguson, Keith (1996). A New Town's Heritage: Glenrothes 1948-1995 (1st ed.). Glenrothes: Glenrothes Development Corporation. ISBN 0-9502603-4-7.
- Glenrothes Development Corporation (1966). Glenrothes – A Guide to Scotland's New Town in Fife. Glenrothes: Glenrothes Development Corporation.
- Glenrothes Development Corporation (1970). Glenrothes – New Town Masterplan Report. Glenrothes: Glenrothes Development Corporation. OCLC 156675029.
- Glenrothes Development Corporation (1983). Glenrothes Development Profile. Glenrothes: Glenrothes Development Corporation. OCLC 316174877.
- Omand, Donald (2000). The Fife Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn Publishing. ISBN 1-84158-274-3.
- Pride, Glen L. (1998). Kingdom of Fife (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Rutland Press. ISBN 1-873190-49-2.
- Reid, Emma (2004). Old Glenrothes- Old buildings, farms and villages in the area which became the New Town of Glenrothes (1st ed.). Cupar: Fife Family History Society.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glenrothes.
- Fife Today
- [1] (A selection of archive films about Glenrothes)

subset: commoncrawl


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Sports and the Outdoors in El Remate
Sports and the Outdoors
Tikal Canopy Tour. The fun folks at Tikal Canopy Tour have expeditions that take you to the true heart of the rain forest—not on ground level, but more than 100 feet up in the air. There are now two zip lines, one with nine and one with 10 platforms. On either canopy tour you may see monkeys and or other wildlife. Each zipline costs US$30 or Q235 per person. Prices include transport from El Remate or Tikal Park (from Flores or Santa Elena there's an additional US$5 fee.) Tikal Canopy Tour also offers hiking. Near entrance gate to Tikal park, about 40 minutes by car from Flores, El Remate. 502/7926–4270. www.canopytikal.com. Q235.
More Sports and Outdoors
Take our short photo quiz to reveal your ideal trip in the U.S.More
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text: She wont give out the exact recipe due to the fact me, her husband, would kill her :). But she will give you most of the ingredients (just not how much of each). Chass of Rundel of Ansteorra aka of the SCA aka Charinthalis Del Sans of the portable Chariot Honorable Recruiter of the House of the Red Shark (Have you seen my Belaying Pin??) Maison Du Corsaire Rouge Muddeler of Mead, Ailment of Ale, Whiner of wine. ----- Original Message ----- From: el2iot2 at mail.com To: Ansteorran herbalist list. Sent: Tuesday, January 25, 2005 5:18 AM Subject: Re: [Herbalist] Need Suggestions When you do dig out the recipe, May I request a copy as well? I am always in the market for something to help with my Arthritis pain. Thank you Radei -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: /pipermail/herbalist-ansteorra.org/attachments/20050125/84be21e6/attachment.html


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Remember the documentary "Who killed the Electric Car?" Director Chris Paine created the film in 2005 and 2006 to bemoan the decision of some automakers to kill off their electric car programs. It's now five years later and Paine and company are back with a vengeance videotaping "Revenge of the Electric Car."
In the original film, General Motors was reviled for its decision to deep-six the innovative EV1 all-electric two-seat car. But thanks to the impending production of the Chevrolet Volt, GM is now considered one of the reasons that the EV is on the comeback trail. Paine and his crew were allowed access to The General's Detroit Hamtramck plant to witness – with cameras rolling – the assembly production of pre-production Volt number 100. And to think that five years ago Rick Wagner and his crew would have been more likely to lend a size 14 boot to Paine's rear end than allow him to film inside one of the company's most important plants. My how times have changed.
There is no solid timetable for the release of "Revenge of the Electric Car" right now, but the documentary will likely align very well with the release of the Volt and Nissan Leaf, which are followed by an electric Focus not long after.
[Source: Revenge of the Electric Car]


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27 thoughts on "Epsom Salts For Boils"
How long should I leave Epsom salt on a cyst?
I have a cyst in the crease of my leg and it's really painful, I read somewhere that Epsom salt mixed with water to create a paste helps to "bring it to a head". So I did that and put it on with a bandaid. However I can't find any information on how long I should leave it on for. Any answers would be helpful. Thanks.
"Epsom salts are a trusted remedy for drawing out infections of the skin. For sebaceous cysts, or boils/carbuncles, bathe daily in very warm water with Epsom salts mixed according to package directions."
From http://www.ehow.com/about_5584751_sebaceous-cyst-alternative-treatment.html
See also:
How can I get paler skin without harming my skin?
Also if it's possible I don't want it to be complicated like "bathe in milk and salt and boil it lukewarm", I don't have that much milk and I don't have Epsom salt. Perhaps a home remedy? I'm not going to sit out like a loner in the shade just for pale skin, but I like the way fair skin looks and I want to know how to get it. Thank you!
use papaya soap and pearl cream this lighten the skin
Can you use Epsom salts for your hair instead of Sea Salt?
You're suppose to mix 2 teaspoons of sae salt (it specifically says not to use table salt) with 1 cup boiling water and Spritz it in your hands and then run your fingers through your hair and it gives you "beachy:" waves. I only have Kosher and Epsom Salts. Could I use either of thoose? Or not…
Epson Salt. with water does make a really good beachy wave.
you can use epson salt. it is safe ;D
Has anyone tried iodine and epsom salts for blackheads?
I've read that mixing iodine and epsom salt with boiling water, then dabbing it on with a cotton ball will help get rid of blackheads. Has anyone tried it and had good results?
Not sure about the iodine but the epsom salts or rok salt with a few drops of tea tree oil works pretty well. It can be used in the shower as a scrub or with a cotton ball.
What could i use to clean my belly button piercing?
so i juss got my belly button pierced nd im really not able to get sea salt for at least a couple days. I have rubbing alcohol, epsom salt, and claire's ear piercing antiseptic. Which do u think would be alrightt to use ?
i have absolutly no money , nd nobody is able to buy anything . so i have to deal with wat i got.
Can you get H20 piercing spray?
If not just boil some water, let it cool, and put regular salt in.
It'll still clean the piercing out.
What remedies can be used at home to treat Armpit Boils?
Some of my family members suffer from reoccurring armit boils. One has had glands removed but the issue still exists once a year for her. I was wondering if anyone has tried a warm compress with Epsom salt or a Epsom salt bath? Or what remedies do others suggest besides LANCING (getting it cut open & drained) ew!
Kaolin poultice is good if you can get hold of it, better than Epsom salts & excellent for boils
What can i use for cleaning piercings instead of epsom salt?
I wanna get my septum pierced really badly but
when I used Epsom salt on my other piercings
Ithey got very infected after and I got told not
to use It anymore, what else could i use?
Hi, I am a piercer and have been for 19 years now….. After ear care solution is recommended but me personally, I use sea salt, who ever said Epsom salts obviously has no idea what they are on about, anyways simple solution, if it is gunky clean it, if it is not, leave it, it is not surgery only a pin prick so hands off as your hands are probable the problem. Should it for some reason weep, sea salt in a little pre boiled water then once again hands off!!!, it is not rock science…… keep it simple….. good luck :)))))
If I mixed Bone meal, coffee grounds, compost, Epsom Salt in boiling water, is it a complete tea?
If I mixed Bone meal, coffee grounds, compost, Epsom Salt in boiling water, is it a complete tea and how long do I boil it? how much of each to how much water? I want to use this on my roses, tomatoes, hollyhocks, and other veggies.
HI Wendy Compost tea does not need to be boiled. A simple way is to add a handful of your compost ingredients that you have listed and place in the end of a panty hose. Tie a knot in it and place it in a 5 gallon bucket of warm water. Let it steep over night and then water your plants.
Hope this has helped happy gardening Pattie
Can I use epsom salt to treat a bloated betta?
The peas just aren't doing the trick for my constipated betta so I thought I'd bring in some epsom salt.
Does it really help?
And is it safe if I have two mystery snails in the tank as well?
Add epsom salt it would help him. but stop feeding him for three days. after that feed him peas thats boiled. it helps him too. there stomachs is as big as their eyes.
Can i add epsom salt to my goldfish tank directly?
My goldfish gets SBD regularly. I will transfer it to a pail n let it have epsom bath for 10 minutes. It will be fine after that. I was wondering if its possible to add in epsom salt directly to my tank. I have 2 other goldfish in the tank. Is it safe to directly add it everytime my goldfish gets SBD? Will it hurt my other goldfish? Thanks!
You can add Epsom salt to the main tank, one or two tablespoons per ten gallons. You can repeat the dose three or four days later after doing a partial water change. It will not hurt the other goldfish. It relaxes the muscles in the sphincter causing them to poop.
The residual amount of Epsom salt will gradually go away with partial water changes.
To prevent SBD coming back, look at the ingredients on your fish food. Goldfish are mostly vegetarian, consuming only a small amount of meaty foods. Foods that have meat, including fish meal, as a main ingredient should only be fed as a treat no more than once a week.
There are a number of foods in the link below that will help add health and dietary balance through variety.
I have kept and bred goldfish since 1972 and some of my favorites to feed them are duckweed, and a vegetarian form of Gordon's Formula. Dr. Myron Gordon invented this for fish years ago and it is still one of the best staple foods. Cook oatmeal but add a small amount of fresh garlic finely grated and a small can of carrot, pea or spinach baby food. Once it boils add a packet of Knox unflavored gelatin or one of the Repashy gel food packets, Soilant Green or Super Green.
Flatten Gordon's formula into a thin 1/4″ layer on wax paper or in sandwich or freezer baggies. Let it cool and then freeze all but what you use today.
This goldfish/vegetarian version leaves out the baby food meat you would add for meat eating tropical fish, like beef, lamb, chicken, or liver. Dr. Gordon originally used liver because it was the least expensive, not so true today.
One other suggestion is that bigger is better! A larger tank and/or a larger or duplicate filter is important with goldfish since the biofiltration bacteria operate much more slowly than in a tropical aquarium. An ideal filter for a goldfish tank is a wet/dry in the cabinet under the tank. Existing filters can be kept running.
Don't forget to read over the Wet Web suggestions below. Good luck!
How do you grow salt crystals?
I learned a little about Epsom salt crystals but it seems a few people fails with it. I don't understand about the temperature concept.
use table salt it works better than epsom salt
Step 1
Boil about 1 c. water.
Pour the water into a glass jar.
Stir in the salt slowly, about a teaspoon at a time. Don't rush this step.
Continue until the salt is no longer dissolving but is starting to collect at the bottom of the jar.
Choose a color for your crystals and add a couple drops of food coloring.
Tie one end of piece of a string around a pencil and tie a paper clip to the other end.
Place the pencil over the jar so that the string hangs down and the paper clip almost touches the bottom of the jar.
Allow jar to sit someplace where it will be undisturbed.
Check after about 24 hours, and you'll see crystals forming in cubical shapes on the paper clip.
the trick is to stir the salt in very slowly otherwise it will not work!
what does the magnesium in epsom salts do to your body?
when you take an epsom salt bath, what does the magnesium do?
Did a little finding since this question intrigued me.
Indications for topical use are
- Magnesium has been used as an agent for dehydrating (drawing) boils, carbuncles, and abscesses.
- Magnesium has also been shown to be an effective aid in the fight against blemishes and acne when applied directly to problematic areas, usually in poultice form. If combined with water and made into a cream, it can be applied to the face to remove blackheads.
- Magnesium, when used through soaking, can soothe muscle pains and help improve rough patches in the skin.
- Soaking in a warm bath containing Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) can be beneficial to soothe, relax,and relieve herpes outbreak symptoms, such as itching and lesions relating to genital herpes and shingles.
hope this helps ^_^
Why do i keep getting boils on my private area?
I've been getting them for two years. The doctor says it is normal for teenage girls to get them .. last time I shaved was in November and I got a big bad one so I got antibiotics for it. And would soak in hot water with Epsom salt. But I have some right now and I haven't shaved in a long time. I never asked the doctors why they always appear sometimes in the same spot. Does anyone know why I keep getting them? And if this will ever stop? I am calling the doctors next week since this is a very busy week.
Can epsom salt be used to clean a cartilage piercing?
I just got my cartilage pierced and i'm wondering if epsom salt works just as well as sea salt?
No. If you are going to use the salt method, only natural sea salt should be used. Mix 1/4 tsp to 8 oz. of boiled or bottled water and use it to clean and soak the piercing.
Antibacterial soap is another recommended method. Just a couple of drops to a few oz. of boiled or bottled water and use q-tips (changing the end every time you dip it) and clean the piercing.


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Hard at work on New Lost Marbles Levels
Sorry we never posted officially on the blog but Lost Marbles is now live on Steam!
We are almost done with the new round of levels. Once these are polished up you can expect a big patch with a ton of new content. Here is a new screenshot from our newest level 7 Box Tower


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R.A.P. Music Lyrics - Killer Mike
I've never really had a religious experience, in a religious place. Closest I've ever come to seeing or feeling God is listening to rap music. Rap music is my religion. Amen
[Verse 1:]
What I say might save a life, what I speak might save the street
I ain't got no instruments, but I got my hands and feet
Hands gone clap and feet gone tap, El-P beats to make that snap
And I ride them with my raps, and they all tight as my naps
And my naps is all I got, and this beautiful ebony skin
And the music in my heart, and the words put in the wind
And the words put in the wind, coming back like a boomerang
When I take this microphone, point it at the crowd, they start to sing
[Hook: x2]
This is jazz, this is funk, this is soul, this is gospel
This is sanctified sex, this is player pentecostal
This is church; front, pew, amen, pulpit
What my people need and the opposite of bullshit
sponsored links[Verse 2:]
It's that Robert Johnson, that Muddy Waters, that James Brown, Augusta, GA
That Ray Charles, that Stevie Wonder, that Mayfield, that Superfly
That Willie Hutch and that Mack, it's that blues man, that soul man
That OutKast, that Southernplayalisticadillac
It's that Jimi Hendrix, that George Clinton, I feel it in my bones
Aretha Franklin, that Shirley Caesar, that Miss Nina Simone
That Sade, that Love is King, that Coltrane, that Love Supreme
That Miles Davis, that Bitches Brew, that "beeeyatch" said by Playboy Too
[Hook x2]
[Verse 3:]
I got things to do, before I meet that glory in the sky
And my baby girl b-day be six months away, she gonna be five
So I pray to the lord he spare me, and I make it by and by
And I help souls stay out of Hell with what I testify
And maybe when I grab the microphone and never lie
That'll merit that he spare me, I won't have to feel that fire
So Killa Kill gonna spit that real on each and every song
And each and every poem, until the good lord call me home, gone!
Click here to submit the Corrections of R.A.P. Music Lyrics
The following area is only for review, if you want to submit the lyrics or the corrections of the lyrics, please click the link at the end of R.A.P. Music Lyrics.


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Are you a TV Fanatic?
Sign up for our daily newsletter to receive personalized television news for free!
In the end, we're all alone and no one is coming to save you.Reese
Love that line about being alone and no ones coming to save us! Truer words should've never been spoken from a tv program . I applaud the cast and crew of this awesome show don't watch a lot of tv but this has my attention
Great actors ,great script writing and i hope the show has a great run at least into syndication .


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Election Day
Presidential debates 2012
The Romney-Ryan 2012 campaign
Romney campaigns in Colorado
Mitt Romney visits Israel
Mitt Romney tours trucking facility in Boston
Romney on the campaign trail
Super Tuesday
Michigan and Arizona Republican primaries
GOP debate in Arizona
Romney campaigns in Arizona
Santorum's victory speech in Missouri
Romney wins Florida primary
Mitt Romney rallies in Miami
Mitt Romney takes second place in the South Carolina primary
The campaign trail in South Carolina
The final Republican debate in South Carolina
Mitt Romney campaigns in South Carolina
The New Hampshire Republican Primary
Mitt Romney on the campaign trail in New Hampshire
The 2012 Republican Caucus in Iowa
The primary race in Iowa continues
GOP presidential debate in Iowa
Republican Presidential Debate in Des Moines
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text:
Neighbors incur reception issues
Date: June 10, 2009
by: Kurt Schultheis | City Editor
Longboat Key isn't the only barrier-island community with cell-phone-reception issues and a controversy on how to solve the problem.
The town's northern neighbor, Bradenton Beach, is toying with the idea of allowing a cellular tower to be placed near its public works department, which would blend in with several sailboat poles in the area.
Bradenton Beach Police Chief Sam Speciale told a group of city officials at a Bradenton Beach committee meeting Monday, June 8, that if the city didn't erect a tower somewhere within city limits, Manatee County would continue its efforts to place a tower on the bay, directly across from the Coquina Beach concession stand.
The county has considered a tower near the site of its future public safety complex, which will be built this year on Gulf Drive across from Coquina Beach.
Bradenton Beach Mayor Michael Pierce says the county is pushing for a tower in that area, because beachgoers have terrible reception on the beach and can't even dial 911, if needed.
Speciale displayed digital images of tall, thin towers called "unipoles" in various locations around the city, which city officials and local business owners had trouble identifying.
"The cell system out here is terrible, and even my officers in their patrol cars cannot get reception for their computers on the north end," Speciale said. "If we decide where a tower can go here, the city could get close to $24,000 a year from lease revenues."
Speciale said that although he had heard and read reviews about Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS), which is a tiny network of antennas that can be placed on power and telephone poles to boost reception, he thought they would detract from the aesthetics of the city.
But Longboat Key Commissioner Gene Jaleski, who attened the meeting, urged city officials to let the residents of their community decide what's best.
"I asked people on Longboat Key if they would rather have DAS than a tall tower, and only two out of 260 people didn't sign a petition in favor of smaller antennas," Jaleski said.
And, former Longboat Key Mayor Jeremy Whatmough told those in attendance that a cell-phone tower near his home in the Sarasota Polo Grounds has done nothing to improve cell-phone reception in that area.
"Once you cross the line in the sand, there is no return," Whatmough said. "Towers may become a thing of the past sooner than we all think."
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- Nov
11 Longboat Key Veterans Day Parade
4:00 pm - 6:00 pm
- Nov
15 Arias In Flght
11:30 am - 2:30 pm
- Nov
15 Being your best self
1:00 pm - 5:00 pm
- Nov
29 Santa Jaws at Mote Aquarium
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Only 9 days left to vote for your favorite 'It's Read Everywhere' photo!
Voting is now live for the Observer's 'It's Read Everywhere' photo contest.
Happy birthday, Edith!
On Monday, long-time Sarasota resident Edith Barr Dunn blew out the candles for her 94th birthday.
Donte's Den names top dog
We're sure the Walters family of Longboat Key thinks of its dog, Buck, as quite the golden boy.


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Purl Soho Pup
Turning a pile of fabric and stuffing into a lovable toy animal feels a bit like magic. In fact, when I was a kid I firmly believed that my own bunnies, bears and dogs came to life after I went to sleep. And even now as an adult, whenever I sew a plush creature, I can't help but feel the thrill of new life. There is something about the last steps of stuffing a new animal and stitching its face that feels more like sprinkling fairy dust than sewing!
Creating the Purl Soho Pup was especially enchanting. With its take-me-home face, you can't help but love this whimsically hot-doggy pup! Standing 8 1/2 inches tall and stretching 17 inches long our Pup is thoughtfully designed to stand up on its own four legs without sacrificing cuddle-bility to do it. We made our doggies out of Dorr Mill's soft and huggable Wool Yardage and accented the paws and ears with a splash of Kokka's handsome Large Gingham and Liberty of London's pretty Tana Lawn.
The Purl Soho Pup is not difficult to sew, but it does take time and attention, so it's a great project if you want a bit of a challenge with a big payoff! Everything you need to make one of your own, from the fabric to the stuffing, is in our Purl Soho Pup Kit right here… Just add your own fairy dust! --Molly
P.S. Already have materials? Buy just the Purl Soho Pup Pattern, as a downloadable PDF or a hardcopy, here!
11 Responses to Purl Soho Pup
Click here to add a comment
Molly … is he a mini or a standard Dachshund … Pokey likes it either size … but he would like to know!!! HI paw!!!
So cute..
Paola – Italy
Hi There Ina-
Great question. Please let Pokey know that this pup is 17-inches long and 8 1/2-inches high (at the highest point.) I think that makes him standard size!
These are SO CUTE! I have several baby showers coming up and these would be perfect. Thank you Molly!
I think these pups are just lovely. PLEASE may they have some 'matching' kitten friends to play with??
Hi Heather-
Stay tuned… we might have some kittens coming up in the near future!
Thanks for getting in touch!
Hi Molly – I keep coming back to check for kittens!! Thanks for making me smile all the way over in sunny Oxfordshire, in England. Maybe it will be days or even weeks I have to wait, and not just hours. Thanks for all the wonderful projects you have already done. Kind regards, Heather
LOVE these.
Question on Molly – if I purchase the download for the pattern can I download immediately or does it need to ship to me?
Hi Anne-
You can download it immediately after checkout.
Thanks so much for your question and good luck with the project!


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Sanuk presents… SHERM'S IN THE BAND!
Hitch an exclusive ride with the newest member of the Sanuk family, renowned surf/skate photographer, Steve Sherman, as he syncs up with surfer/songslinger Donavon Frankenreiter, for his European "Start Livin" Tour.
"Going on tour with Donavon was a stellar experience. We've been friends for a long time and both have a passion for music and photography, so when he asked if I could go on tour, I was on board." Sherman said. "As an artist myself, I hope to bring fans closer to the stage and share the experience. This takes 'I'm with the band' to a whole new level."
Sit back, relax and enjoy this intimate look at life on the road with our mustachioed maestro, his family, friends and fans.
Smile…pass it on!
Jeremy Jones' FURTHER:
Award winning producers Teton Gravity Research are pleased to announce Further, the second installment in the Jeremy Jones snowboard movie trilogy, Deeper, Further, Higher, presented by O'Neill.
Further will explore some of the world's most remote mountain terrain while continuing Jones' mission to camp deep in the backcountry and on the summits of unridden lines to access nearly vertical spines and wide-open powder fields. Join Jeremy and his crew as they push their minds and bodies Further.
Starring: Jeremy Jones | Ryland Bell | Mitch Toelderer | Bibi Pekarek | Lucas Debari | Forrest Shearer | Josh Dirksen | Terje Haakonsen
Locations: Japanese Alps | Atomfjella Mountains, Norway | Karwendel Range, Austria | Wrangell Mountains, Alaska | Sierra Mountains, California
BAD BAD NOT GOOD - Starring Sanuk teamrider Ryan Callinan:
Have you ever heard the crunch of a bone as you land a backside air-reverse in a Balinese shorebreak? Or, the sound of six screws being drilled into the fibula you just broke? Or, the sound the metal plate in your ankle makes when you tap it, while you're watching friends surf? Or, the sound of your first wave after nine weeks' recovery? Or, the sound of a faint pop in your other ankle, on an awkward landing after only eight weeks back in the soup? And then, finally, the sound of torrential Gold Coast rain outside, as your doctor tells you it's a grade three tear? Ryan Callinan knows all these sounds.
Bad Bad Not Good is a digital short that details his experiences over the last year-and-a-bit.
Directed by Jay Grant.
Presented by Billabong and Stab.
Here at Sanuk, we love a good surf movie. If you're anything like us, you know what we're talking about. Whether you're hooting and yew-ing the night away in a jampacked theatre or chillin' at home staring at the computer screen, there's just somethin' awesome about witnessing a perfectly cut mash up of progressive turns and timely tunes. Action. Adventure. Ambiance. Whatever the vibe, a proper flick always manage to make us love the life aquatic just a little bit more.
That's exactly why we've shacked up with the motion picture mavens at Innersection and Network A to help reward the creativity of surfing's most up-and-coming filmmakers. With Round 1 already in the books, the contest for big-time braggin' rights is heating up fast.
Go "BEHIND THE SECTIONS" to see who will end up $10K richer by video's end…
More on this contest visit www.innersection.tv
And now, a message from our friends at Transworld Surf about their new surf movie, "Let's Surf Seriously":
Surfing used to mean something. Seems like all we see these days is fancy boys dancing on the water like damn ballerinas in fancy-ass boardshorts with $300 dollar haircuts. What happened to cutbacks? Where is all the vertical re-entry three-to-the-beach aggression? Kids these days should be studying and taking notes from their elders. Instead, they're playing grab ass on whatever new fangled video game techno diarrhea shit shows they got playing on their flat screen pocket televisions. Don't give us that drop wallet tail chuck full rotation bullshit if you don't really mean it! If you're gonna do a flip, do it with some conviction god damnit!
Cut the crap and surf like you mean it. Grab surfing by the balls and twist it like a crocodile dragging a baby goat to its death! If you're gonna surf, do it for real—it's time. Let's surf seriously!
- Chris Coté
Let's Surf Seriously World Premiere
Wednesday August 1st, 2012 at The Lido Theatre
Newport Beach, CA
Doors open at 7:30pm
Show starts at 8:30pm
Free Admission and giveaways!
HEY! International Surfing Day is this Wednesday.
What the #%$& is that, you ask?
Fair question. We'll spill the beans.
In short, #ISD is a whole day for ocean lovers around the globe have an opportunity to come together in celebration of the glorious sport of surfing. You know, like, coordinated and whatnot. Think about it. A day to celebrate surfing. Sounds to us like the perfect excuse to ditch summer school, play hooky from work or wiggle your way out of whatever obligations you currently have. Do it.
To rejoice in this glorious occasion, our friends at Innersection (led by renowned filmaker Taylor Steele) are releasing a fun little number called HERE & NOW. It's film based around a collective day in the life of the world's best surfers. Yes. Really.
Ps. If you're in Southern California and want to hang out with the Sanuk crew, join us for the world premier showings (7pm & 9pm) Wednesday, June 20th at La Paloma Theatre, Encinitas.
Questions? Message us. Let's jive!
Shew! Had we been wearing socks this would've knocked 'em clear across the room…
Meet The Hot 100, Surfer Magazine's jaw-dropping, shaka-throwing compilation of the best up-and-coming rippers on the planet. Props to Sanuk boys Jack Freestone and Ryan Callinan for making the cut!
Download the flick at www.surfermag.com