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Records of the International Women's Cooperative Guild
Records of the International Women's Cooperative Guild
The entire contents of this catalogue are shown below.
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circa 170 items
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International Women's Cooperative Guild
Supplementary information
listed to item level
Related information
DCW (Women's Cooperative Guild)
Anon, The Women's Cooperative Guild (1920)
Davies, Margaret L, The Women's Cooperative Guild (1904)
Salt, C, Of whole heart cometh hope (1983)
Sharp, Evelyn, Buyers and builders: a Jubilee sketch of the Women's Cooperative Guild 1893-1933 (1933)
Webb, Catherine, The woman with the basket (1927)
Worley, J J, The Women's Cooperative Guild (1911)
Davies, Margaret L, Life as we have known it (1931)
Davies, M L (niece of Margaret Llewelyn Davies) Memoir of Margaret Llewelyn Davis (n.d.)
Anon, The ABC of the Women's Cooperative Guild (n.d.)
Administrative history
The International Guild of Cooperative Women was formed in 1921 at the International Cooperative Congress held in Basle in that year. The first president was Emmy Freundlich of the Austrian Women's Guild and the first secretary was Honora Enfield of England. It survived as an independent organization until 1963 when it became a committee of the International Cooperative Alliance. Most of the papers of the Guild are in Vienna where Emmy Freundlich was based.
The early identification of the Guild was very much tied up with Emmy Freundlich. Born in 1878 in Bohemia to rich parents, Emmy Freundlich eloped to marry a socialist, Leo Freundlich, against the wishes of her guardians (her father had died young). In 1912 she became involved with women cooperators in Austria and her first contact with the English Women's Cooperative Guild seems to have come in 1913. She became very friendly with Margaret Llewelyn Davies and Honora Enfield and, in 1921 when she became the first president of the International Women's Cooperative Guild, Honora Enfield became the first secretary. Their partnership resulted in a very active period through the 1920s and, like the English Women's Cooperative Guild, this was one of the International guild's most productive and successful decades.
In the 1930s Emmy Freundlich came under suspicion from the Austrian Nazi regime and was arrested in a major purge of socialist leaders in February 1934. DCX/7/1 is a file containing news of events in Austria in 1934. On 19 February 1934 Dr Deutsch was reported in an interview for the Manchester Guardian as saying 'the hangman is busy'. Dr Bauer said 'my wife has had to flee and I don't know where she is'. Emmy Freundlich, however, was to be found in jail and the file also contains letters about her arrest and petitions sent requesting her release. One from the Irish Women's Cooperative Guild reads 'these organizations [i.e. those in which Emmy was involved] are neutral as regards religion and politics, we are convinced in all her actions she has been out for progress and peace'.
Emmy Freundlich was released in April 1934 and a photograph taken of her in England with the committee of the English Women's Cooperative Guild soon after is at DCW/6/34. She returned to Vienna and avoided further arrest until 1939 but then had to flee and she returned to England. After the war she went to America and died there rather suddenly in 1948 and papers concerning her death are at DCX/2-3.
The International Women's Cooperative Guild after the war concerned itself particularly with reconstruction and only lasted as an autonomous society until 1963 when the death of its president prompted its return to its roots, as a committee of the International Cooperative Alliance.
These papers were deposited in 1974 by the offices of the Cooperative Women's Guild (see DCW) and represent some of their files on the International Women's Cooperative Guild. They include minutes of the central committee from 1932 to 1962 with the most significant gap being between 1938 and 1948 when the second world war disrupted Guild activity and minutes of the executive committee from 1952 to 1957 (DCX/1). DCX/2 contains conference files for several years up to 1951 including a file on the 1921 International Cooperative Congress at which the International Women's Cooperative Guild was formed. DCX/3 are reports of the committee in French, German and English for 1921 to 1959 and circular letters and bulletins are held, also in French, German and English, for 1938 to 1957, with only minor gaps (DCX/4). A large number of their printed publications for 1921 to 1961 are held at DCX/5 and this includes Honora Enfield's Guildswomen at Basle of 1921 (DCX/5/1). There are publications of the 1920s by Margaret Llewelyn Davies and Emmy Freundlich. In 1930 Honora Enfield published The legal position of women in cooperative societies and she followed this up up in 1932 with The power of the market basket and these are at DCX/5/38 and DCX/5/42. In 1935 Enfield died and her obituary appeared in the major Guild publication written by Emmy Freundlich History of National and International cooperative women's guilds, compiled from national reports (DCX/5/55-6; 2 copies). DCX/6 comprises papers submitted to conferences of the International Women' Cooperative Guild.
Some of the most interesting papers of this collection are in DCX/7 which comprises three files on Emmy Freundlich. The first contains information about her arrest in Austria in February 1934 and the petitioning for her release in April. DCX/1-2 contain obituary notices of her death in 1948 and papers sent from New York to England at the time.
DCX/8 contains files of the Guild including files on their work for peace and disarmament 1921 to 1945 and their campaign for world government 1947 to 1955 (DCX/8/1, 6). A number of presidential addresses are at DCX/8/2.
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SOCORRO, N.M. October 24, 2014 – A pioneer in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) will present a lecture entitled, "Are We Alone? Searching for Intelligent Life Beyond Earth," on Frida...
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John Angelillo's Event Journal
New York Yankees: Audi Yankees Club Seating
Saturday September 4, 2010 / 1:05pm (vs. Toronto Blue Jays)New York Yankees: Audi Yankees Club Seating
2 tickets
Audi Club Seating
1 E 161st Street
Bronx, NY 10451
How was your experience?
Great place to view the game! Especially when it's hot! Food is great just an enjoyable time all around!


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- Overall Length: 7.50"
- Blade Length: 3.125"
- Cutting Edge: 2.50
- Blade Material: 420HC
- Blade Style: Clip Point
- Blade Grind: Hollow
- Blade Finish: Black
- Edge Type: Serrated
- Handle Length: 4.50"
- Handle Thickness: 0.45"
- Handle Material: GFN
- Handle Color: Black
- Weight: 2.61 oz.
- Pocket Clip: Right Hand, Tip-Up
- Knife Type: Manual
- Opener: Thumb Hole
- Lock Type: Lock Back
- Brand: Gerber
- Model: 30-001011N
- Country of Origin: USA
- Best Use: Tactical/Rescue
The design of the Gerber Order folding knife can accommodate cutting, prying, digging, and defense. The black ceramic coating protects against corrosion and ensures reduced reflection. The glass-filled nylon handles are durable and able to withstand a level of punishment. The Gerber Order folding knife with clip point blade is a tactical knife created for the needs of soldiers and emergency personnel. It has a partially serrated blade for extra cutting power. The rubberized over molding has a diamond design to enhance grip and control in all weather conditions. The thumb hole in the blade gives you easy, one-handed opening, and the lock back mechanism gives you a secure lock up during heavy duty work.
Gerber knives are made in the USA and manufactured to the highest standards. Each blade comes with Gerber's 100 percent guarantee and warranty on all parts and manufacturing.


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When the 2nd Avenue Deli closed, I immediately bought the cookbook on Amazon so I could recreate the delicious flavors I grew up with. I didn't know that it would reopen even closer to where I lived. The first thing we made from the cookbook was the health salad. It wasn't the same, but it definitely resembled the real thing. The next thing I made was the delicious brisket. It's easy and is definitely worth the time put into it. Now that I have a dutch oven, it's even easier than it ever was. Continue reading
Tag Archives: shabbat
After many years of finding challah recipes from books, cookbooks, and online, I finally found the best recipe. My cousin Sally gave it to me a while ago, but I was skeptical to use a recipe that used an entire 5-pound bag of flour. It was worth it; everyone at the shabbat table loved it, and there were no leftovers.


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Average Customer Reviews
This 3-Speed Hand Blender blends, purees, crushes, chops and whisks quietly
and powerfully. Blending is easier with the removable 8" (20.3 cm) blending
shaft. Chop and crush ingredients in the 2.5-cup/600 ml BPA-free chopper attachment.
The whisk attachment whips fluffy egg whites and more. The included storage
bag collects all items for convenient safe-keeping.
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Very good stuff
By Jimmy
from Chicago Il.
About Me Casual Cook
Comments about KitchenAid 3-Speed Silver Hand Blender:
Very good & safe
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Comment on this review
Great appliance
By Mark
from South Barrington
If you were to use it while cooking be prepared to hold it over the pot. It would be great if they had something to hold it and let it steer the pot alone!!
Happy so far
By Schunta
from Goleta, CA
I've used it to blend several soups, and so far I'm quite happy with it.
Kitchen Aid Hand Blender
By Gramdma
from Elmhurst, IL
I cannot give a review at this time because I have not yet used the product. However, I do expect to be pleased with it as I have enjoyed all of my Kitchen Aid products.
awesome blender
By gman the at home cheff
from Belleville Il
About Me Avid Cook
never blended eggs as well as this does, always used a whisk. Love the ease of cleanup also
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Lots of uses and quality for the $
By Synthetic1
from El Paso, "Salsa City"
Comments about Kitchenaid 3-Speed Contour Silver Hand Blender:
Not just an immersion blender, the additional (included) attachments offer a range of solutions to small countertop activities. Really reduces the need to pull out heavier blenders, mixers, and food processors. This product, to me, is remarkable for its price-per-feature, combined with apparently good quality. Time will tell on longevity but so far it all looks very good.Icing on the cake is dealing with Abt. They are good.
Makes Mayonnaise Perfectly
By Mogs302
from Philadelphia PA
Can make perfectnmayonnaise by putting eggs and olive oil in container all together and then mixing for a few seconds. Wonderful.
Best kitchen item to have
By Smokey
from wisconsin
About Me Gourmet Chef
absolutely amazing item. Takes the place of many others.
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Naturally' It's Good For You!
Bursting with all sorts of sunshine-y citrus deliciousness' it's no wonder we call it "Super." With each sip' you can feel the 24 nutrients flow through your body in a wave of Emergen-C® rejuvenation. If feeling good is your thing' you found the right box.
Health - 1'000 mg of vitamin C' Zinc' Quercetin and antioxidants support your immune system.
Energy - 7 B vitamins including B1' B2' B3' B6 and B12 enhance energy naturally - no caffeine' no crash.
Electrolytes - Great for post-workout' replace key electrolytes lost through perspiration.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are not meant to diagnose' treat or cure any disease or medical condition. Please consult your doctor before starting any exercise or nutritional supplement program or before using these or any product during pregnancy or if you have a serious medical condition.
Serving Size: 1 Packet (8.8 g)
Servings Per Container: 30
Amount Per Serving / % DV
Calories 25
Total Carbohydrate 6 g / 2 %**
Sugars 5 g
Vitamin C 1'000 mg / 1'667 %
(as ascorbic acid' zinc ascorbate' chromium ascorbate)
Thiamin (as thiamine hydrochloride) 0.38 mg / 25 %
Riboflavin (as riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium) 0.43 mg / 25 %
Niacin 5 mg / 25 %
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine hydrochloride) 10 mg / 500 %
Folic Acid 12.5 mcg / 3 %
Vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) 25 mcg / 417 %
Pantothenic Acid (as calcium pantothenate) 2.5 mg / 25 %
Calcium 50 mg / 5 %
(as calcium carbonate' calcium phosphate' calcium pantothenate)
Phosphorus 38 mg / 4 %
(as potassium phosphate' calcium phosphate' sodium phosphate)
Magnesium (as magnesium hydroxide' magnesium carbonate) 60 mg / 15 %
Zinc (as zinc ascorbate) 2 mg / 13 %
Manganese (as manganese gluconate) 0.5 mg / 25 %
Chromium (as chromium ascorbate) 10 mcg / 8 %
Sodium (as sodium bicarbonate' sodium phosphate) 60 mg / 3 %
Potassium 200 mg / 6 %
(as potassium bicarbonate' potassium carbonate' potassium phosphate)
Alpha Lipoic Acid 1 mg / *
Quercetin 1 mg / *
**Percent Daily Values are based on a 2'000 calorie diet.
*Daily Value not established.
Other ingredients: Fructose' citric acid' natural orange flavors' malic acid' orange juice powder' tapioca maltodextrin' silica' beta carotene' glycine' aspartic acid' tartaric acid' and cysteine hydrochloride.
Ages 14 and up' one packet up to 2 times per day. Empty contents into a glass' add water' stir. For lighter flavor' mix with more water.
Store in a cool' dry place.
Allergy / Dietary Needs
- Made In The Usa
- Caffeine Free
Ratings & ReviewsReview This Item
Overall Rating for Emergen-C Vitamin C 1000 mg Super Orange 30 Packets
Displaying reviews 1-1 of 1
By Giovanni
from Coral Gables, FL
EmergenC super orange is great.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
Displaying reviews 1-1 of 1
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Additionally, PureFormulas is unable to directly recommend products in relation to specific health conditions. Please contact your trusted healthcare practitioner for direct product recommendations.
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Evraz Stratcor,
steelmaking slag,
vanadium pentoxide,
vanadium slag,
Hot Springs plant,
Daniel Fitzgerald
NEW YORK Evraz Stratcor Inc. will ramp up its use of vanadium-bearing steelmaking slag as the major raw material at its specialty vanadium production facility in Hot Springs, Ark.
The company, a unit of Russian steelmaker Evraz Plc, first announced in October that it would start processing the roasted slag generated by its steelmaking production in Russia in order to diversify the facilitys feedstock (amm.com, Oct. 1).
The company has been testing the material and is now receiving larger quantities for use over the summer, a spokesman told AMM.
Meanwhile, the company said new facilities intended to enhance the sites ability to process steelmaking slag "are expected to come on-stream in the fall of 2013."
The new facilities include improvements in the leaching and reagent systems, and they will enable the Hot Springs site to resume its historic production of 9 million pounds of vanadium pentoxide per year.
The Hot Springs-based company makes specialty vanadium products for the chemical, titanium and steel industries.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
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Every month American Metal Market takes a statistical look inside the marketplace.
We actually don't know who his investors are. At the point when we are ready, we will investigate further. There are just so many things to handle and there are a lot of items to be considered with the project."
-- Charles C. Mitchell, Barstow city manager


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Red Bull Frozen Rush« All Events January 9, 2015
The biggest, fastest event to ever hit Sunday River.
Red Bull Frozen Rush will once again redefine snow sports by bringing the only head-to-head offroad/on-snow truck racing to Sunday River for the second year in a row. 900-horsepower Pro4 trucks will defy wintry conditions and gravity as they rip figure eights, fly off jumps and shred the snow on South Ridge. It's wild, crazy, and, at times, kinda scary, but it's also one helluva good show.
Fore more visit RedBull.com/FrozenRush or if you'd like to watch last year's broadcast you can catch it on RedBullSignatureSeries.com.


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'Doctor Who' spoiler-free review: Our verdict on tomorrow night's 'Dark Water' ep - ow.ly/DyRef
Yesterday at 11:55 pm
'The Passing Bells' preview: Here's our verdict on BBC One's new WW1 drama - ow.ly/DDdC0
Yesterday at 11:01 pm
'Doctor Who' continues tomorrow night! Here's our verdict on last week's ep, 'In the Forest of the Night' - ow.ly/DgyDD
Yesterday at 10:02 pm
Top 5 scariest episodes of 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' - ow.ly/DBGRg
Yesterday at 9:30 pm
'Quantum of Solace' came out 6 years ago today! Take a look back at Daniel Craig's underrated second Bond movie - ow.ly/yXb46
Yesterday at 9:00 pm


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Definición de declension en inglés:
declensionSilabificación: de·clen·sion
Pronunciación: /dəˈklen(t)SH(ə)n /
1(In the grammar of Latin, Greek, and other languages) the variation of the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, by which its grammatical case, number, and gender are identified.
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- Gildersleeve and Lodge's Latin Grammar has a discussion of the declension of Greek nouns at pp.32-33.
- Czech is a Slavic language with a declension system based on seven cases.
1.1The class to which a noun or adjective is assigned according to the manner of this variation.
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- It was in Latin and not English Language classes that we learnt about the various verb tenses and noun declensions.
- The gender of the word alone is ambiguous, occurring in a declension denoting either males or females.
- In Latin, if a word is second declension, it will be masculine.
2 literary A condition of decline or moral deterioration: the declension of the new generation
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- A careful reading of these reports from dozens of faithful missionaries - who preach the gospel of the sovereign grace of God in Jesus Christ - will bear out what we say about the widespread declension in missionary theology and methods.
- Peter Milsom gave two very practical papers on spiritual growth and spiritual declension.
- The present is thus perceived as that period of declension that is the subject of the jeremiad.
late Middle English declinson, from Old French declinaison, from decliner 'to decline'. The change in the ending was probably due to association with words such as ascension.
- Más ejemplos en oraciones
- There are five declensional types in Latin, that are recognized by their terminations in genitive singular.
- According to Birkeland, this is a new development, reflecting a tendency to drop the declensional endings.
- Veron, Baret and Huloet-Higgins indicate the declensional patterns of nouns in Latin by providing the genitive singular form.
Pronunciación: /-SHənl/adjetivo
Definición de declension en:
- el diccionario Inglés británico e internacional
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Palabra del día demoralize
Pronunciación: dɪˈmɒrəlʌɪz
cause (someone) to lose confidence or hope


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Category Archives: mysticism
Safe Church — Unlocking God's Glory!
In the New Testament church was awesomely filled with the Presence of God. How can the 21st Century church recover the lost combination for God's glory in our meetings? While thinking about this, a scene suddenly came to my mind. I … Continue reading
Posted in 1 Corinthians 14:26, church community, church format, church meetings, church safe, early church, experiencing God, experiential worship, God, God's glory, how to recover a lost combination, lost combination, mysticism, New Testament, New Testament church, organic church, Paul of Tarsus, releasing God's glory, religion, safe in church, tradition, traditional church, worship, worship innovation Tagged bank vaults, Christianity, church, combination locks, safes 4 Comments
If there are no demons . . .
If there are no demons . . . then why are so many of us humans tormented by fears, worries, anger, bitterness, frustration, self-doubt, self-condemnation, distress, depression, and too many other negative emotions to list? If there are no demons … Continue reading
Posted in addiction, addictions, Catholic mystics, Christian history, Christian spirituality, demon possession, desert fathers, devils, evil, evil entities, evil in our society, evil spirits, mysticism, mystics, Orthodox, Orthodox monks, Oswald Chambers, pentecostals, Pentecostialism, Philokalia, quotation, Quotations, Quotes, recovery, source of evil, spiritual combat, spiritual formation, spiritual healing, spiritual health, war Tagged Christianity, church history, deliverance, demons, quote, spiritual warfare, spirituality 3 Comments
Tennessee Titans & St. Thomas (From Doubt To Destiny)
The Tennessee Titans practice facility in Nashville, Tennessee (Baptist Sports Park) has been renamed "Saint Thomas Sports Park." St. Thomas has been known through the past two millennia as "Doubting Thomas" because he questioned the resurrection of Jesus Christ. However, … Continue reading
Posted in angst, anxiety, Apostle Thomas, destiny, devotion, doubt, doubting, doubts, fear, India, Iraq, Jesus, Jesus Christ, Jesus is Lord, Muslim, My Lord and my God, mysticism, Nashville church, practice facility, professional football, resurrection, Resurrection Day, resurrection of Jesus, Saddam Hussein, Saint Thomas, St. Thomas, torture, tortured Tagged Baptist Sports Park, Doubting Thomas, Mar Thoma Church, Nashville, NFL, Saint Thomas Sports Park, Tennesse Titans, Titans 2 Comments
Fire From God
Unless you hear it through the Spirit, the Bible will be boring. If the Word doesn't burn in your heart your sins won't depart! Without a Spirit-fire, you will drown in your own desire. So how do you start a … Continue reading
Posted in church seating, flammable, God, hdden sin, heart-felt, heart-felt love, Holy Spirit, I set myself on fire, miraculous, mysticism, nature of God, passion, passionate, release of the Spirit, relevation, religion, religious innovation, spirit fire, Spirit's flow, Spirit-filled, Spirit-led, spiritual, spiritual awakening, spiritual church, spiritual fire, spiritual transformation Tagged Christianity, fire from God, revival, spiritual fire 2 Comments
Thoughts & Quotes — Church Outside The Box
An open mic in church opens hearts, and allows the Holy Spirit to speak through anyone present. If the outcome hasn't been planned ahead of time, church has all the anticipation and excitement of a championship sporting event! When we … Continue reading
Posted in Brian Anderson, Christianity, church format, church leadership, church roles, church services, church structure, creativity, hearing God, hearing Jesus, hearing the Holy Spirit, innovation, innovators, Myles Horton, mystery, mysticism, Spirit's flow, Spirit-filled, Spirit-led, Spirit-prompted, spiritual church, spiritual fire, spiritual flow, spiritual gifts, spiritual interaction, spiritual life, spiritual movement, spiritual power, voice of God Tagged Christian expression, church, church meetings, creative religion, open mic, outside the box, quotations 3 Comments


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" Intel Desktop Board DH67BL Media Series - Motherboard - micro ATX - LGA1155 Socket - H67 - USB 3.0 - Gigabit Ethernet - onboard graphics (CPU required) - HD Audio (10-channel) "
* Prices may differ from that shown
The Intel Desktop Board DH67BL is Intel H67 Express chipset-based desktop board in microATX form factor. The board is featured with DVI-I, HDMI and DisplayPort connectors, and supports dual independent display for processors with Intel HD graphics. Powered by the 2nd-generation Intel Core processors, DH67BL delivers a superb visual performance for sharper images, richer color, and lifelike audio and video.
Intel Desktop Board DH67BL also offers premium features, such as two SATA ports, two USB 3.0 ports and Intel Rapid Storage Technology (Intel RST) for RAID 0, 1, 5, and 10, which provides new levels of protection, performance, and expandability.


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Absolute Intense Wrestling are at Turner's Hall in Cleveland, Ohio this afternoon for a huge double DVD taping of "Girls Night Out 9 & 10″. The event is part of Female Fight Season, which begins today.
Allysin Kay and Veda Scott headline both volumes, going up against each other with a mystery tag team partner apiece in the main event of Girls Night Out 9, then just mere hours later at volume 10, facing off in singles action for Kay's AIW Women's Championship.
AIW Girls Night Out 9 begins at 3pm ET (8pm GMT), with volume 10 following soon after.
Live results will appear below:
Girls Night Out 9:
* Annie Social defeated Jewells Malone.
* Jenny Rose defeated Santana Garrett by submission.
* Leva Bates and Xandra Bale defeated Jody D'Milo and Jasmin after Leva hit D'Milo with the Superhero kick. After the match, the Social Network came out and attacked Leva and Bale.
* Angel Dust defeated Melanie Cruise and Heidi Lovelace in a three-way match.
* Leah Von Dutch defeated Mickie Knuckles after interference from The Duke.
* Savannah Summers defeated Sassy Stephie with a roll-up.
* Taeler Hendrix defeated Marti Belle.
* Kimber Lee defeated Nikki Storm by submission with a cross armbreaker.
* Allysin Kay & Mia Yim defeated Veda Scott and Shanna. Mia pinned Shanna for the victory.
Girls Night Out 10:
* Kimber Lee defeated Santana Garrett with an inverted piledriver.
* Jasmin defeated Jody D'Milo.
* Sassy Stephie defeated Jewells Malone.
* Melanie Cruise defeated Angel Dust.
* Heidi Lovelace and Annie Social defeated Xandra Bale and Leva Bates.
* Leah Von Dutch defeated Savannah Summers after interference from The Duke.
* Mickie Knuckles defeated Jenny Rose in a No Disqualification match after putting her through a table.
* Nikki Storm defeated Mia Yim.
* Allysin Kay defeated Veda Scott by submission to retain the AIW Women's Championship.
Nikki Storm you better win one of your matches, particularly the one against Mia. You need to get her back for your Shine loss…
Looks like she heard you. ;)
Santana is appearing erywhere
Today in History: A Halloween Costume Contest Featuring Two Trish Stratuses
Lucha Underground Analysis (October 29th, 2014): A Sexy Star is Born
Impact Write-Up (October 29th, 2014): The Queen Bee Strikes Back


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Deep Ellum's homegrown Index music festival, sponsored by GuideLive, kicked off Friday afternoon with an array of performers and just a few technical hiccups. Now that we've scoped out the scene, here are five things I learned that will help … Continue reading
Tag Archives: Index Festival
UPDATED: Dawes, Mutemath added to Index Fest lineup with Local Natives and Future Islands
After a very long build up to this year's Index Fest, which involved an entire event to announce only part of the lineup, we now know some of who will play the September 26-28 event in Deep Ellum. (Is this the … Continue reading
Review: Sarah Jaffe, Girl Talk, and Jason Isbell's acoustic set on Night 2 of Index Festival
online research paper Anyone organizing a festival of significant size and scope should expect scheduling hiccups. They're complicated events presented and attended by pesky, imperfect humans, after all. So it was no shock that Deep Ellum's Index Festival – with … Continue reading
Review: Cannabinoids, Lucero, Andrew Bird thrill on first night of Index Festival
assignment online Bouncing around Deep Ellum on Friday during the first night of the Index Fest's second edition, we couldn't help but recall some formative live music outings in the historic neighborhood during the late '90s and early 2000s. Those … Continue reading
The Local Playlist: 5 songs to listen for at Index Fest, including Larry g(ee), Sarah Jaffe
Index Festival will land in Deep Ellum on Friday and Saturday, offering attendees chances to see several many top-notch North Texas acts in addition to national headliners such as Girl Talk and Andrew Bird. Check out five songs we hope … Continue reading
Index Festival a two-day party showcasing indie music from Telegraph Canyon, Portugal. The Man and others
Index = what's next in indie music. But index also = a highlight of the artists that command the attentions of the staffers at Dallas' Spune Productions, a local indie music supermarket (so to speak) that handles booking, management and … Continue reading


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|13 Mar 2010
Desktop Background - Remove Picture Location History
How to Remove the Desktop Background Picture Location History in Windows 7 and Windows 8
|My System Specs
|23 Aug 2011
Windows 7 BG
Hello Debellator, and welcome to Seven Forums.
Interesting. Does the folder that you selected contain any images in it? Could you post a few screenshots of what you are seeing instead to see if something may stand out?
Well No Screenshot would really show anything there is no error or alert, it allows me to navigate to any folder. I have several sub folders in my Pictures library and when I select one nothing happens, the window goes away as if though it worked but the folder is not there to select.
I thought it might be related to how many pics were in a certain folder(18k) so I chose one with only 10 in it and it did not help.
|My System Specs
|23 Aug 2011
Do they show if you select the Pictures Library itself from the drop down menu for "Pictures location"?
Do you have this same problem if you select any other folder with images in it other than a included library folder?
|My System Specs
|23 Aug 2011
Windows 7 BG
No they don't show even the main Pictures Folder.
And yes same problem, I tried creating a folder with two images on the desktop and selecting that one and it did the same thing.
|My System Specs
|23 Aug 2011
Go ahead and run a sfc /scannow command to see if it can find and fix any corrupted system files that may be the cause of this.
If not, then you might consider doing a system restore using a restore point (if available) dated when this did work properly.
|My System Specs
|06 Nov 2011
Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate SP1 x64
So I know how to do whats described, yet somehow (in the last two weeks) I have lost the ability to add folders.
I Browse to one(any folder anywhere) and select it, and it doesn't work. Nothing happens, the folder is not added?? Any ideas?
How can I make it work again?
How can I manually(regedit) add in a new folder location? ++
Full add min rights etc.
This has happen to me on two different computers, both where fresh installs of Windows 7 (Ultimate I think).
Your guide on how to remove one path using regedit works fine.
Adding a path using the normal method with the browse botton does not work. You can browse for a folder but it doesn't get added.
My temporary solution to this:
On a working windows 7 computer.
1. Add a path to some wallpapers like C:\wallpaper
2. Regedit to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Wallpapers\Images
3. Export the folder Images to a .reg file
On the non working windows 7 computer.
4. Make the folder as in step 1, making sure it's the exact same name and path.
5. Run .reg file and the path should have been added.
|My System Specs
|26 Jun 2012
Windows 7
For anyone else reading this, the Picture Location Browse button stops working AFTER "Libraries" are disabled using this registry entry:
I like not having Libraries, but that's one of the side effects.
One way around it is to be sure libraries are working. Create a folder to use for personal wallpapers somewhere. Go to the Personalize / Desktop Background page / Browse to that Personal Wallpaper folder. Now that folder will show up in the drop down list from then on. Then disable libraries.
|My System Specs
|26 Jun 2012
Hello Orbidia,
Instead of deleting the library registry entry like that, you could use the tutorial below to hide Libraries in the navigation pane of Windows Explorer to not have that issue.
If you need copy of the registry entry you deleted to restore it, then just let me know. I export a copy from my system for you.
Libraries Folder - Add or Remove from Navigation Pane
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Dales Diary: A shooting, a charging bull, a Mickleton man, and a rescue at High Force
6:06pm Tuesday 6th May 2014
George Towns, a corporal in the Home Guard, went into action quickly when told a suspicious character was in his area during the Second World War. He grabbed a shotgun, ran to challenge the stranger and ended up firing at him.
Wasn't it Majestic?
3:24pm Monday 27th January 2014
THE news that the Majestic in Bondgate, Darlington, is being restored to something approaching its early 1930s art deco majesty is extremely welcome.
Keeping Darlington railway museum
6:26pm Tuesday 5th November 2013
IT IS unthinkable that a town that calls itself "the birthplace of the railways" should close its railway museum.
How the French threatened Bishop Middleham
6:24pm Wednesday 8th May 2013
Laying the bogeyman of boggyness to rest
7:10pm Thursday 25th April 2013
IT IS great news that the Mowden Hall jobs have been saved and are to move to a new-build block beside Darlington Town Hall and alongside the multiplex development which is about to take wings. There is, though, a spectre that haunts this work. It is a ghoul which could prevent it from happening. It is the bogeyman of boggyness.
Woodburn: "in every way enjoyable"
11:40am Thursday 11th April 2013
WOODBURN is one of the great lost mansions of Darlington. It was built in the 1860s overlooking the valley of the Tees. Now houses in Coniscliffe Road stand on its site, but many of them have features of its exquisite stonework built into them.
Arthur Henderson: a Labour pioneer
3:46pm Wednesday 3rd April 2013
ARTHUR HENDERSON'S Nobel Peace Prize has been stolen from the Guild Hall in Newcastle. Henderson is one of my heroes: the Barnard Castle MP and Darlington mayor who became the first member of the Labour Party to sit in a British Cabinet.
Darlington: a hothouse of design
12:25pm Monday 11th March 2013
ONE Memories is over and the next one is already begun. I've had loads of communications regarding Saturday's paper, especially concerning the photographs - front and back - of the Whessoe Road area.
In praise of Priestman
3:50pm Monday 25th February 2013
IT looks as if Saturday's Memories will have a mention of this fellow, Sir John Priestman, of whom I had never heard until I received a football-related email from Australia.
The rise and fall of William Barningham
11:59am Monday 11th February 2013
SATURDAY'S Memories promised the full tale of William Barningham on here and evemtually here it is...
The rise and fall of William Peachey
12:14pm Monday 4th February 2013
I PROMISED in Saturday's Memories to post my version of William Peachey's rise and fall on here and, belatedly, here it is. I wrote it in 2008 when I was asked to help reopen Peachey's Baptist church in Darlington - I gave a little talk from the pulpit, which is not my natural territory.
Those Memories talks in full
6:40am Saturday 15th December 2012
THIS is a list of the Memories talks that are currently available:
Dirigible daze
3:20pm Friday 14th December 2012
TOMORROW'S Memories looks at a famous Darlington company's role in building what I believe to be the hangar for Britain's first airship. This story gives me the opportunity to use the word dirigible, which is great.
Sour end to gooseberry story
6:40pm Thursday 13th December 2012
THIS is my favourite gooseberry-related story of all time. It gets a mention in Saturday's Memories (15/12/12), but here it is in its entirety which, when I told it in 2001, was so enormous that it spread over two weeks. The sad footnote to the story is that the prized herbarium, enthused over by the professor of botany in 2001, was lost when I enquired of Tyne and Wear Museums about it in 2011. I wonder if the downy currant still grows at Richmond and on the banks of the Tees between Piercebridge and Gainford...
Chequered history of forbidden corner
5:14pm Monday 10th December 2012
THE property in the Darlington district that I am asked most frequently about is the tumbledown one behind the iron gates in High Coniscliffe. It's opposite the Spotted Dog, and everybody who passes between Darlo and Barney seems to have an eye on it. For me, though, it is a frustrating place.
Preparing for the bombs to fall
12:00am Saturday 1st December 2012
TODAY'S Memories builds on recent articles about the Home Guard, and strays into the role of the ARP wardens during the Second World War. I was looking on the Echo's archive for further information about the ARP locally and came across this article from 1989 which I guess was written to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the outbreak of war. I don't know who wrote it, but it makes fascinating reading. The salutory part of it is that I guess that the 70-somethings that are quoted are, 23 years later, unlikely to still be with us:
Guarding the memories
7:44pm Monday 26th November 2012
MEMORIES readers never cease to amaze me. So many people have enormous repositories of knowledge acquired over years of research and interest. I accidentally stumble upon their repositories, steal the best bits and then move on to the next topic.
Woolly beginnings of Blackwell Bridge
6:05pm Wednesday 21st November 2012
THIS weekend's Memories (Dec 1) features an article on Bland's Corner at Blackwell, Darlington. One of the roads which creates the corner is the 1830s turnpike from Scotch Corner, which goes over Blackwell Bridge. Below is my article from 1993 about the building of the turnpike road.
A seasonal tree-t at Darlington Arts Centre
12:22pm Friday 16th November 2012
THIS is my Saturday column from a couple of weeks ago which hasn't made it onto the website, but I am still getting asked about it. The ending is a bit vague because we are trying to get the necessary orders in place, but frustratingly, these things develop as slowly as the strawberry tree grows...
The Baron of Kandahar and Mowden Hall
8:52pm Thursday 15th November 2012
SATURDAY'S Memories is going to be partly about the history of Darlington's Mowden Hall, which the Department for Education seems to want to vacate because of high overheads.
Anty Richards, the ice cream man of Darlington
8:16pm Monday 15th October 2012
ONE of Darlington's most famous names was "Anty Richards". It was above a little cafe close to the Railway Tavern in Northgate. I was always intrigued by it: was it a spelling mistake concerning someone's auntie or was Mr Richards troubled by pesky ants? All became clear when I discovered the phenomenum of the hokey pokey men - ice cream immigrants from Italy.
The flashing-eyed children who found sanctuary in the North-East
6:14pm Monday 8th October 2012
Saturday's Memories contains an article about a new book which has been written by Peter O'Brien about the Basque children who fled the Spanish Civil War in 1937 and ended up living in Hutton Hall, near Guisborough. They were part of a contingent of almost 200 children who found sanctuary in the North-East. I wrote about them in 2002, particularly those who were sent to St Peter's Orphanage in Gainford and St Mary's Orphanage in Tudhoe.
Wedding presents fit for a Pease
11:46am Wednesday 18th July 2012
I WAS at the closing of Darlington Arts Centre the other week and, as I mooched around, became fascinated by the name over the door of a cavernous building out the back: Blanche Pease Hall.
Builder of bridges and divider of pies
4:28pm Wednesday 27th June 2012
John Carr, the 18th Century North Riding Surveyor of Bridges, is one of my favourite chaps - largely because of a great pork pie story, but also because we still cross so many rivers using his bridges.
How the French celebrated the last diamond jubilee
6:50pm Saturday 2nd June 2012
YESTERDAY I noted that this morning's Echo Memories was so jam-packed with fascinating diamond jubilee malarky, that there was no room for the brilliant Blackwell Bridge anniversary.
The 180-year-old bridge built on wool
6:39pm Friday 1st June 2012
BLACKWELL BRIDGE has stood for exactly 180 years on a woollen foundation – a remarkable achievement. In fact, as the foundation stone was laid on June 5, 1832, it is an achievement that would normally have been celebrated in Echo Memories. However, this weekend's Memories is jam-packed with Diamond Jubilee malarky and so the bridge is relegated to a paltry #echomems fact. Let's rectify that here.
The Battle of Aycliffe
3:09pm Thursday 31st May 2012
THEY are very pleased with themselves in Aycliffe Village in that they have a Double Diamond Jubilee. They are celebrating Queen Elizabeth's 60th anniversary in the village hall which used to be a school which was dedicated to Queen Victoria's 60th anniversary. The brilliant local history society which meets there has informed Buckingham Palace of the happy coincidence, and Her Majesty has sent a letter commending the people of Aycliffe.
A car in Whorlton, 1961
6:50pm Monday 28th May 2012
THIS blog is almost as underemployed as half the country seems to be, and I am sorry about that. There just aren't enough hours in the day, although I do tweet this sort of nonsense on a more regular basis (follow me @echochrislloyd on twitter).
Rectory return
9:40pm Friday 4th May 2012
I'M not really bitter, but I thought I took some half-decent pictures of the oldest domestic building in Darlington.
The rain is a pain, but can we gain (reprise)?
9:07pm Thursday 3rd May 2012
I'VE had several comments about last Saturday's column about the Grand Contour Canal plan of 1942, including one from an angry chap who took it all too literally and said it was disgraceful that I was advocating the sale of North-East water to the south when really I should be demanding that water-intensive businesses should relocate from the south to the wet north.
People of Barney, rise up!
9:30am Wednesday 25th April 2012
Barnard Castle and Teesdale are rightly celebrating their links with Charles Dickens in the year that the 200th anniversary of his birth is celebrated. As the world probably knows, Dickens stayed at the King's Head Hotel in the centre of Barney for a couple of nights in February 1838 while researching Nicholas Nickleby.
Back to the bridges of Barney
6:28pm Tuesday 24th April 2012
I DRAGGED my family out to look at the east bank of the Tees Viaduct at Barnard Castle at the weekend. After last weekend's excitement of seeing the west abutment, you can tell from the picture that there was unbounded excitement all round.
Astonishing abutments of the Tees
2:16pm Monday 16th April 2012
AT the weekend, I dragged the ever-moaning family for a nice spring walk through a chill wind and hail of sleet showers along the banks of the Tees. They admired the wild primroses along the pathside while I kept my eye open for an extroardinary, hulking remains of the Tees Viaduct just outside Barnard Castle.
Down at the Dolls Hospital
6:20pm Wednesday 28th March 2012
THIS morning's Memories touches briefly upon the Dolls Hospital that was once in Darlington's Grange Road. I last mentioned this subject seven years ago. This was the article I wrote then: ==================================== DOLLS - hairless, eyeless, toothless, speechless, armless, headless. . . but no casualty is beyond the healing powers of Mrs Mildred Zealand, the kindly matron-cum-surgeon at the Darlington Dolls Hospital."
What price happiness underground?
11:54am Wednesday 21st March 2012
I OFTEN begin these posts with an apology, and once again I hadn't realised that it had been so long since I added to the Memories blog. This week, though, I've been reading What Price Happiness? by Dick Beavis, the Communist Spennymoor miner, and whatever you may think of his politics, he certainly wrote some fascinating descriptions of pitlife.
The water carrier of the Stainmore line
2:29pm Wednesday 29th February 2012
AS you may have seen, this morning's Memories concerns the fantastic Deepdale viaduct which once carried the Stainmore line over a deep ravine at Lartington, near Barnard Castle.
The Cleveland Car Company
6:20am Wednesday 29th February 2012
TODAY'S Memories touches upon the Cleveland Car Company which was housed in one of Darlington's most distinctive buildings on Grange Road. Until the mid-1960s, of course, Grange Road was on the Great North Road, and so ideally placed for passing motor trade.
Snow Drift at Bleath Gill
6:20am Friday 24th February 2012
THIS morning's Echo Memories concerns snowploughs and the famous 1955 British Transport Film entitled Snow Drift at Bleath Gill. You can see the film continuously running at the Locomotion museum at Shildon, and it is on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymz6D8eFeUg). Here's my version of the story from 2005:
Still harping on about Harperley
6:40am Wednesday 22nd February 2012
TODAY'S Memories partly concerns itself with Harperley, on the banks of the Wear between Crook and Wolsingham. It is a lovely, tranquil place which I dragged my unfortunate family to investigate a snowy day a fortnight ago.
Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster: 130 Years On Pt V
10:00pm Thursday 16th February 2012
I WOULD guess that 50 or so people turned up for the impromptu ceremony to mark the 130th anniversary of the Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster. There were the odd councillors, an MP and the BBC Look North TV people who produced a really good report with Skerne's atmospheric singing as the backdrop.
Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster: 130 Years On Pt IV
10:51am Thursday 16th February 2012
TODAY - THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 16 - is the 130th anniversary of the Trimdon Grange Colliery disaster which killed 74 men and boys. At 1pm, there is a little ceremony in the Trimdon Village cemetery, around the obelisk memorial, to commemorate the diaster. All are welcome to attend.
Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster: 130 Years On Pt III
6:20am Wednesday 15th February 2012
HERE'S another disaster poem. As the pictures suggest, it seems to come from a penny songsheet. Whether this was sold to raise money for the bereaved of the Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster or whether it was just to cash in on the area's sorrowful feeling is unclear.
Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster: 130 Years On Pt II
2:41pm Tuesday 14th February 2012
ON Thursday, it is the 130th anniversary of the Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster, in which 74 men and boys died underground in an explosion. In the article in tomorrow's Memories, I quote Tommy Armstrong's famous poem about the disaster.
Mr Tudor's Circus
6:08pm Monday 13th February 2012
I AM supposed to be doing something far more productive than this, but I am sitting here thinking about Mr Tudor's Circus.
Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster: 130 Years On Pt 1
4:02pm Friday 10th February 2012
NEXT Thursday - February 16 - is the 130th anniversary of the Trimdon Grange Colliery Disaster in which 74 men and boys lost their lives. Wednesday's Memories will tell the story, and I'm just about to set our graphic artist away to create the cover with a list of the names of the victims. I don't think we'll be able to get all of these details on the page, so before I edit them out, I thought I place them here. It'd be interesting to know if there are any descendants still about:
Harping on about Harperley
11:00am Tuesday 31st January 2012
TOMORROW'S Echo Memories is to be a follow-up to that of a fortnight ago about Harperley - a truly haunting place. For Dave Chapman, it was not haunting in the spooky sense but because it was where he spent his happy childhood. This is his reminiscence in full:
Gathering more on Gatherley
11:13am Wednesday 25th January 2012
ONE of the great intrigues of modern life - well to me, anyway - is the pair of gatehouses on the southbound A1 just north of Catterick Bridge. They were due to be demolished as part of plans to widen the A1 into a motorway, but the spending cuts have caused those plans to be dropped, giving the lodge houses a reprieve. Scaffolding has sprung up around one of them, so possibly they may be springing back to life.
Ferryhill: the golden age
3:26pm Tuesday 17th January 2012
Ian Guthrie now lives in Ottawa in Canada, but he grew up in Ferryhill more than 60 years ago. Inspired by Memories 58, he recalls "a golden age"...
Car response that sets the Standard
5:38pm Thursday 12th January 2012
IN Memories 65 we were "driven to distraction" by a mysterious vehicle with a "rounded back" that was parked beside the River Tees in Neasham one summers day in 1962.
In the Big Swim with Pip and Jack
5:23pm Monday 9th January 2012
WEDNESDAY'S Echo Memories is going to be the second part of my story about Jack Hatfield. I think he must be the Tees Valley's greatest Olympian, and with this Olympics year marking the centenary of his Olympics, it seems appropriate to tell his story.
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Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai ,10/22/2014, 11:30 (IST)
Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur ,10/25/2014, 09:00 (IST)
Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi ,10/12/2014, 16:30 (IST)
Australia beat Pakistan by 1 run
Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium, Dharamsala ,10/17/2014, 14:30 (IST)
David Robert Joseph Beckham OBE is an English footballer who currently plays in midfield for Italian Serie A club A.C. Milan and the England national team. Beckham's stint with Milan, which began on 7 January 2009, is a loan until the end of the Italian season. He was Google's most searched of all sports topics in both 2003 and 2004. With such global recognition he has become an elite advertising brand and a top fashion icon. Beckham was captain of England from 15 November 2000 until the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals,during which he played 58 times. Since then he has continued to represent his country and earned his much-publicised hundredth cap for England against France on 26 March 2008. He left Manchester United to sign for Real Madrid in 2003, where he remained for four seasons , clinching the La Liga championship in his final season
Who is sexier?


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Definition of fluoxetine in English:
fluoxetineLine breaks: flu|ox¦et¦ine
Pronunciation: /fluːˈɒksətiːn /
noun[mass noun] Medicine
A synthetic compound which inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain and is taken to treat depression. Also called Prozac ( trademark ).
More example sentences
- He was also taking leflunomide, prednisone, naproxen, diazepam, fluoxetine, famotidine, and metoprolol, and acetaminophen or codeine.
- The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine is effective in this age group.
- Imipramine was the most commonly studied tricyclic antidepressant, and fluoxetine was the most commonly studied SSRI.
Definition of fluoxetine in:
- The US English dictionary
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Word of the day bimble
Pronunciation: ˈbimbəl
walk or travel at a leisurely pace


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Websites for elk migration colorado
Colorado Elk Migration Routes Map - Aerial Satellite Photos Map
Elk Movements in Colorado | Colorado Parks and Wildlife
Elk Rutting In Downtown Estes Park, Colorado
Can Wyoming Elk Migration Routes Be Restored?
Seasonal migration and home ranges of female elk in the Black
Elk movement in response to early-season hunting in northwest Colorado
The Shelton Ranch located in northwestern Colorado offering fully
BBC Nature - Elk videos, news and facts
Elk migration near Meeker creating conflict with motorists
10 Best Public Lands for Elk (And How to Hunt Them) | Field &
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Colorado big game hunting map and information. Colorado Elk
Northwest Colorado Elk Habitat - Docstoc – Documents
Elk Migrations And Movement ? - Primos Cabin Chat
Can Wyoming elk migration routes be restored?
Colorado Elk Forecast - Game & Fish Magazine - Your Local
Elk migration signals beginning of fall in Colorado town | The
Elk numbers jump - Craig Daily Press / Craig, Colorado , News


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The Buccaneers found their replacement at head coach after firing Greg Schiano last Monday. The team announced that Lovie Smith, the Bears former head coach, will be the team's new leader. Panthers head coach Ron Rivera is very familiar with Lovie Smith. Rivera was Smith's defensive coordinator for Chicago from 2004-2006, before being let go following the Bears loss in Superbowl XLI. Rivera claims there are no hard feelings in the relationship and that the two have kept in touch since his departure from Chicago. "It was not a personal thing. I lived with it and moved on. It's never been an issue" said Rivera in an interview today. Now the two defensive minded coaches will battle it out twice a year.
Smith sent texts to Rivera following the Panthers' 1-3 start this season , imploring him to "get it rolling" and sent congratulatory messages following the Panthers clinching the division crown. It is in my personal opinion that Lovie will do a much better job with the Bucs than Schiano ever could. This team has the talent to be a contender, all they need is a solid leader. We saw the same thing happen in San Francisco with Jim Harbaugh and in Kansas City with Andy Reid. The NFC South could become the new powerhouse in the NFL. The division certainly has the talent to do so.


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Why IMAT?
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IMAT professors mostly come from a strong practical background. [more]
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The world market for environmental management and technologies is very dynamic and it offers enormous growth rates [more]
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At the Environmental Campus Birkenfeld (ECB) students have the chance to live and learn in the unique ambience of the first Zero-Emission Campus in Europe.
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Invitation to the 2nd IMAT Alumni Meeting
1st-9th November 201408.05.2014
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text:
Van Wyck Mountain
Van Wyck Mountain is a 3,202 ft / 976 m mountain peak near Brownville, New York, United States. Based on peakery data, it ranks as the 188th highest mountain in New York and the 34889th highest mountain in the United States. The nearest peaks are Woodhull Mountain, Table Mountain, Peekamoose Mountain, Bangle Hill, Lone Mountain, and Wildcat Mountain. See the Van Wyck Mountain map, 3D fly around, and the Van Wyck Mountain photos to get a better sense of the mountain.
Photos provided by Panoramio are under the copyright of their owners.
Van Wyck Mountain SUMMIT LOG claim the peakery first ascent!
No one has reported climbing or hiking to Van Wyck Mountain summit on peakery. If you've climbed this peak be the first to report it! Share your summit log entry and add Van Wyck Mountain pictures from your climb below. Include the names of the routes or trails you took to the summit and back.
SNAPSHOTedit info
3,202 ft / 976 m
ProminenceHeight Rank
#188 in New York
#34866 in United States
Summited by
3d Fly AroundShow Bigger »
Nearest peaks see on map »
- Woodhull Mountain 3,054 ft / 931 m 1 mi / 2 km away
- Table Mountain 3,848 ft / 1,173 m 2 mi / 3 km away
- Peekamoose Mountain 3,845 ft / 1,172 m 2 mi / 3 km away
- Bangle Hill 2,346 ft / 715 m 3 mi / 5 km away
- Lone Mountain 3,720 ft / 1,134 m 3 mi / 5 km away
- Wildcat Mountain 3,163 ft / 964 m 3 mi / 5 km away


text:
1970s began to arrive as the decade opened. And during 1976, the
bicentennial year of the United States of America, an all-time high of
676,935 people visited the park, where two hundred years did not even
begin to reach back to the point at which the Anasazi era ended. That
surge was followed by a slide, which would not be reversed until 1980. A
previous decline in 19731974 and the one in the late 1970s were
both caused when a threatened gasoline shortage created by the
international oil crisis produced unprecedented higher prices at the
pump. The alarmed public stayed nearer home. Rocky Mountain National
Park suffered the same fate, although it still far outdistanced Mesa
Verde in popularity, topping three million visitors in 1978.
Despite the boom-and-bust aspects of the 1970s,
Colorado benefited mightily from the magnetic attraction that both of
these parks held for the traveling American. As Colorado benefited, so
did other states. Commenting on the impact of the national park system
to local economies, Director George Hartzog noted that $7.8 billion had
been spent by visitors on their way to and in the vicinity of all parks
in 1970. He recommended to his superintendents that they keep that
salient fact in mind, warning them at the same time not to sacrifice
basic park values for short-term tourist gains. Such tactics would
surely "kill the goose that lays the golden eggs." [1] The planning and work that went on at Mesa
Verde in the 1960s had been designed to resolve that dilemma before the
park was forced to pay a fatal price for its growing popularity.
A survey in the 1970s showed that the typical
visitor's experience consisted of a self-guided tour of a cliff
dwelling, "supplemented by a walk through the museum," and an hour and a
half drive along the ruins loop. Self-guided tours had returned to favor
because of the excessive amount of time and the number of rangers
required to run continuous guided tours in all the ruins. The typical
tourists came, saw, and hurried on to another spot. The typical family
spent about six rushed hours in the park from entry to exit.
One innovation to keep crowds and traffic under
control was tried: the distribution of tickets for specified times to
tour Cliff Palace and Balcony House. Spruce Tree House stayed on a
self-guided basis, with rangers always patrolling the ruin to supervise
and to answer questions. Ticketed times alleviated some of the standing
in line and the tiresome waiting and allowed a maximum number of
visitors to explore the sites.
More relief came in 1973, when most of Wetherill Mesa
was finally opened for visitation. Money shortages and an unfavorable
political climate, brought on by the Vietnam War, had kept the project
in limbo for years. Proposals had been "hashed over and over" about what
to do and how to do it with the least possible damage to the fragile
ruins. Uncontrolled visits seemed to be out of the question, and the
government did not have the funds to carry out the ambitious original
plans. When some money finally became available, the road to the mesa
was built. Then came the energy crisis of 1971 and, with it, popular
enthusiasm for conserving gasoline. The Mesa Verde Company capitalized
on those circumstances to purchase a mini-train to transport visitors
around the Wetherill Mesa sites, after a bus had brought the passengers
there from the new Far View complex. [2]
Reviewing those years, Ron Switzer, superintendent in the 1970s,
emphasized that they required "real pioneering." He pointed out that the
mini-trains were the first alternative transportation system in the
National Park Service, "outside of the Mall in Washington." He and his
staff planned stabilization projects, shaded waiting areas, guided
tours, and built shelters over the fragile surfaces of ruins sites and
trails. "I can tell you that hanging paved trails on the edges of the
mesas is quite a difficult engineering feat, but we did it, mostly with
day labor and materials and a couple of very good trail foremen."
Switzer complimented his staff for their efforts: "We had some marvelous
dedicated people on the staff with some rather unique and amazing
skills." [3] Insufficient funds meant it
would be 1987 before all the projects and plans begun during his
administration would come to fruition.
The first visitors toured Long House; later in that
summer of 1973, other sites were opened. Wetherill Mesa and the Far View
Visitor Center were able to take some of the pressure off of Chapin
Mesa. For the first time in the park's history, there was an easily
reachable alternative to the popular attractions of Chapin.
Year after year, the park headquarters were flooded
with "literally hundreds of requests" for information. And they came not
just from Americansforeign visitors showed ever-increasing
interest in the park, too. Those who arrived were given handouts in
German, French, Japanese, and Spanish. These helped the education
program, but by the end of the decade, serious consideration was being
given to hiring seasonal interpreters who spoke one or more of those
languages. Over the years, Mesa Verde had gained a worldwide reputation
that rivaled Yellowstone's among the national parks in the United
States. [4]
The steady upsurge in numbers forced the National
Park Service into planning once more for the future and, to a lesser
degree, into reevaluating the purpose of Mesa Verde. The nonrenewable
Anasazi sites imposed strict limitations on the potential for park
utilization. The use, management, and protection of the park had to be
continuously evaluated as its popularity threatened its existence. A
1979 management plan specified the numbers of visitors that could be
handled without seriously endangering the "unique experience for which
Mesa Verde has been famous."
It was decided that no more than nine hundred
visitors per hour should be allowed through the park entrance in order
to avoid degrading the visitors' experience. To achieve that goal would
require putting a limit on visitors at the peak of the summer season, a
possibility that received some consideration before it was discarded.
The limit on visitors per hour was eventually rescinded.
On crowded summer nights, the new Morefield Campground became
the second largest community in Montezuma County. (Courtesy: William
As alternatives to limiting numbers, the 1979 report
recommended extending the visitor day, scheduling additional guided
tours, and opening more cliff dwellings to the public. All these
modifications would require more staff and more funding, neither of
which the National Park Service could supply. In a reiteration of some
of the ideas that had been discussed but never implemented during
Mission 66, it was recommended that park headquarters be relocated to
the entrance and that some of the permanent staff be moved off the mesa.
To meet the changing interests of the public, it was proposed that the
foot and bike trail system on Chapin Mesa be expanded and that an effort
be made to acquaint visitors with the "numerous recreational and
educational opportunities" available within the park and the surrounding
region. [5]
Those kinds of possibilities within the park were
limited. Unlike Rocky Mountain or Yellowstone, where a variety of
scenery and experiences lay in wait for the adventuresome, most of Mesa
Verde remained off limits to the visitor. As a September 1973 article in
the Los Angeles Times reminded its readers, this was the only
national park in the nation where visitors found themselves not "free to
hike at will through the back country."
Despite the obvious need to expand tours and park
facilities, the bold and intense Ronald Switzer, one of the youngest and
more controversial of the park's superintendents, was restrained by
economic considerations and forced to cut back. "The park was
underfunded," in his opinion, but Switzer pushed ahead with fine-tuning
the park's management system, which included reorganization. "Sometimes
you don't make friends when you do that kind of thing, but it took some
of the unmet needs and responsibilities and put them where they
belonged," the aggressive superintendent admitted. "All in all it was
great adventure and a very serious management challenge." When
evaluating Switzer's administration, several park contemporaries
concluded that "he did a good job." [6]
The rising cost of gasoline and other forms of energy
forced the National Park Service to economize to stay within budgeted
allotments. The first real impact of the crisis came in 19731974,
for the park as well as for the visitor. The cost of gasoline, which
soared to over a dollar a gallon, sliced alarmingly into both the park's
and the travelers' budgets. A casualty of the cutbacks came in the
winter of 19751976all the campgrounds were closed, thereby
ending the era of winter camping in the Chapin Mesa picnic area
(Morefield Campground had never been open in the off-season). A press
release explained that "increasing reductions" of budget and of
personnel ceilings had left the park unable to expend the money on
personnel to maintain winter camping. [7]
The National Park Service adjusted to the changing
times, and so did the Mesa Verde Company. The company rolled strongly
and profitably into the 1970s, featuring its new Far View complex, but
changes were coming in the concessions business throughout the park
system. Bill Winkler, Ansel Hall's son-in-law and now president of the
company, explained why:
The big companies started to come in. There was great thrust for
control among concessionaires. The rules and regulations became almost
worse, and they worked in a way I don't think the National Park Service
even suspected. These big companies, with political powerthey
worked with senators throughout the countrythey could handle the
government. But a private concessionaire individual could not always
deal with the government successfully.
The big companies started to come in. There was great thrust for
control among concessionaires. The rules and regulations became almost
worse, and they worked in a way I don't think the National Park Service
even suspected. These big companies, with political powerthey
worked with senators throughout the countrythey could handle the
government. But a private concessionaire individual could not always
deal with the government successfully.
To complicate matters, the new generation of Hall
children "had greener fields to go plow, they didn't want to be park
concessionaires." As Bill expressed it, "there were no replacements
coming up. . . . I felt compelled to get dividends out to the family,
and the National Park Service still needed a couple of million dollars'
worth of development." Some other members of the family, weary of the
expenses and the struggles, favored selling out. Pressure built on the
Winklers to end the Hall generation at Mesa Verde. Bill himself was
reaching the stage of burnout. "I'm convinced you make contributions
until you've given all you can and beyond that there is a flattening of
the growth curve. I guess we had reached that flattening."
After analyzing the possibilities, Bill decided to
sell and started to negotiate with ARA, a Philadelphia-based company.
ARA had purchased the Virginia Skyline Company from a friend of his, and
Winkler liked their established record in Shenandoah National Park.
Following a lengthy process that went all the way to Washington, the
National Park Service approved the sale to ARA, at the same time
expressing some reservations about the demise of the family operation
and the arrival of corporate control. Implications for the future could
not be allowed to deter the required action, and the sale was completed
in 1976, ending nearly forty years of Hall management. [8]
The Mesa Verde Company actually had little choice but
to sell out; the times, government policy, and family and business
considerations weighed heavily against its continuing. Although the
average visitor who came to the park in the spring of 1977 would not
have noticed the change in management, the withdrawal of the Mesa Verde
Company signified the end of an era that went back to the very first
days of the Mesa Verde concessions. The trend toward consolidation and
corporation control, which had been going on in American business for
years, had finally caught up with the park. Without question this change
took the personal factor, the individual touch, out of Mesa Verde, as it
had done at Yellowstone and Rocky Mountain national parks. At Rocky
Mountain, the government purchased private land holdings within the park
in order to remove the buildings and restore the sites to their natural
One change the repeat visitor might have noticed by
mid-decade was that two long-time favorite activities had disappeared.
Since the days of the Wetherills and C. B. Kelly, horseback riding had
been available for those tourists who wanted to examine some of the
outlying ruins. It was no more. First, the horses were removed from the
museum area to the Morefield Campground, where they could be ridden
around a couple of trails, hardly a memorable adventure. When that
contract ran out, the government ended the concession, saying quite
truthfully that it was "more recreational than interpretive." The way
the cancellation was handled shocked some people, including the
Winklers, who had no financial interest in the horseback-riding
concession. Ansel Hall had long ago sold it, realizing it took special
people to run it. "It was a terrible thing. The government just zeroed
in on him [Emmett Koppenhafer] and got him out. I had always heard this
could happen if the government wanted to get rid of you." [9]
The ever-popular Navajo dances ended, too. The
Navajos were not of the Pueblo culture, it was argued, and therefore
their dancing "was not authentic" within the Anasazi tradition. So that
favorite of the evening campfire, which dated back to the 1920s, also
vanished. The campfire talks themselves migrated to the Morefield
Campground, where a new and larger amphitheater awaited them. Finally,
after more than fifty years, the annual planting of a cornfield was
Most of these changes went unnoticed, except by
old-timers. But new visitors were not reluctant to complain about
procedures that irritated them. One family objected to being told that
the narrow roads meant they had to leave their trailer outside the park
and remove their wide-vision mirrors from the side of their car.
Unwilling to tolerate such inconvenience, they left, grumbling all the
while about the silly rules. Safety rules on narrow roads were made to
be ignored by many, who saw them as deterrents to their fun. A father
complained that the ARA Company would not redeem aluminum cans for five
cents, destroying his children's impression that "ecology pays off."
Some of the old familiar complaints resurfaced, as
they always seemed to do seasonally. High pricesseventy cents for
a can of sodaappeared exorbitant to a Massachusetts couple. An
Arizona man became irate when he found several cliff dwellings closed
because of bad weather during April 1977. He complained that he had
received no notice of this and had therefore paid the two-dollar entry
fee without being "able to utilize the park adequately." A charge of
false advertising came to park headquarters from a California man who
had read a sign at the Durango train depot saying that reservations were
needed to stay overnight in the park. He promptly called, only to find
out that they were not; his complaint was that he was out $1.50 in phone
charges. [10] American tourists are
fascinating creatures; some seem never to be satisfied.
Content or complaining, tourists made an economic
impact on nearby communities. Cortez, for the first full decade, basked
in the glory of being a gateway to Mesa Verde; paved highways now
stretched from it in all directions. Its income from tourists had grown,
and jobs had expanded as more tourist-related businesses sprouted. Like
neighboring Durango, however, Cortez found that tourism provided mixed
seasonal blessings.
During the off-season, employment suffered and income
slumped. The tourist-based economy was subject to yearly highs and
Meanwhile, a subtle change was evolving in Durango's
love affair with Mesa Verde. Where once the park had been the major
attraction, along with the mountain scenery, now the community had a
famous narrow-gauge railroad in its front yard, an expanding ski area in
its back yard, and Lemon and Vallecito reservoirs nearby. Mesa Verde sat
fifty miles from town and had to be shared with a rival. [11] Ever so quietly, promotion shifted toward
the attractions nearer to home, which required no sharing of profits or
publicity. Mesa Verde was never ignoredit just received lower
billing, where once it had been the feature attraction. The shift went
largely unnoticed and followed no preconceived plan by any individual or
group. Good business practice dictated that the newer home-based
attractions be promoted more vigorously. The park would always be there
to draw tourists and contribute its share to the economy without much
advertising on Durango's part.
Amid the changes, Mesa Verde evolved, looking both
toward the past and to the future for guideposts. Over the years, the
number of people employed in the park had steadily increased. In the
bicentennial year there were 39 permanent positions and 122 seasonals,
most of which involved maintenance and interpretation. In honor of the
national celebration, the park installed bicentennial symbols on all the
buildings, flew the official flag, and sponsored programs and films, as
did other parks. Of special interest were the exhibits constructed by
the museum staff to inform visitors of the relationship between the
prehistoric inhabitants and the nation's birth. One of them depicted the
Dominguez-Escalante expedition, which had passed near the area during
some unusually cool and damp August days two hundred years before.
Events so recent as that in relation to Mesa Verde hardly deserved more
than passing mention in what Alfred, Lord Tennyson, called "the eternal
landscape of the past."
Something that emerged in the 1970s and signified a
reawakening of national interest in the country's history was a growing
awareness of the park's history and of its historic structures, as
opposed to the prehistoric culture that had always attracted the lion's
share of attention. Spruce Tree Point came in for special mention, and
Jesse Nusbaum's plans and building efforts earned praise for being
"sensitively and knowledgeably designed" to fit into the "setting and
history without jarring visitors from their communion with the past."
The people who dominated the park story, not just the buildings, merited
scholars' attention. The Wetherills' contributions, especially
Richard's, underwent a historical metamorphosis. Where once the family
had been castigated as "pothunters," now the role of the family in
drawing attention to the ancient culture and its ruins, and their
pioneering efforts to preserve the relics, became subjects of
approbation. The long-overdue recognition was accorded none too soon, in
the opinion of family descendants.
An older park tradition was also revitalized about
this time. Indian weavers, and occasionally potters, who had once
displayed their skills for visitors, now put on "living history"
demonstrations. And, finally, an oral history program to interview
old-timers who had played roles in the Mesa Verde story was planned in
1979 and started the next year. [12]
The Mesa Verde Museum Association, founded in 1930,
took on more projects throughout the 1970s than it ever had before. It
published pamphlets and books, both in the historical and prehistorical
fields, and donated money to the park to purchase interpretive items not
available through regular government channels. The library continued to
expand its book holdings within the limits that its budget allowed, thus
enhancing the research opportunities for scholars.
Every improvement held the potential for enriching
the visitors' experience, an ever so important criterion. A 1979 study
emphasized that Mesa Verde relied on effective interpretation, "perhaps
more than any other national park." The best way for people of today to
acquire empathy for the Anasazi was to spend time at the ruins and in
the park, the report concluded. The park, created to preserve
antiquities, now offered a broader opportunity to savor the land, the
environment, and the remains. Through matured interpretation, a deeper
appreciation of Anasazi life could be acquired. To Mesa Verde's
detriment, heavy tourist pressure, travelers' time limitations, the
fragile nature of the dwellings, and their restricted capacity precluded
most opportunities for in-depth personal exploration. The inevitable
shallow exposure called for "effective interpretation" to fill the gap.
As the popular and perceptive ranger Don Watson had written, the ruins
were the "least important part. Cliff Palace is really built of the
hopes and desires, the joys and sorrows of an industrious people. It is
not a cold empty city, for it is still warm with the emotion of its
builders." [13] To make these Anasazi and
their culture come alive had always been a challenge to and a goal of
the National Park Service. Each decade, with its new interpretive
resources, and each archaeological dig, with its new discoveries, helped
bring this goal a little nearer to realization.
One of the most popular methods of achieving
educational enlightenment continued to be that long-time favorite, the
campfire program, which was held nightly from late May into September.
Popularity and tradition did not mean stagnation, and new ideas
constantly enhanced the presentations. For instance, the twenty-two
thousand people, give or take a few, who witnessed the programs in 1976
were surrounded by taped music and sounds that accompanied the slide
Interpretation never came easily, explained Gil
Wenger, who worked with the interpretive services throughout the decade.
First, personnel had to be selected who were knowledgeable interpreters
and enthusiastic speakers; fortunately, he said, "we had more real good
ones than we had bad." Developing "good interpretive literature" took
special skills and a feel for the nature of the park and the public.
During the complex daily routine, rangers moved from one site to another
to spell each other and to goal sometimes difficult to achieve with the
"poorly operating GSA cars from the Farmington motor pool." Another
unexpected problem surfaced: "Some of these [vehicles] were so old they
still had clutches in them and we had to train young adults how to drive
with clutches."
Gil Wenger enjoyed everything about the park, even
the tribulations that went along with the job. "I believed in my job of
serving the public," he reminisced, and in the long-established
tradition of Mesa Verde, he put in many hours of unpaid overtime.
Working with youngsters especially delighted Wenger; like others before
him, he went to schools, "both near and far," to relate the story of the
park and its people. [14] Jesse Nusbaum
would have empathized when Wenger commented that he often "caught heck
for being out with them [the public] instead of pushing paper."
The discerning public took pleasure in the
improvements that were being made, though they were largely unaware of
the arduous efforts that went into them. Pageantry in the grand
tradition of Virginia McClurg and Aileen Nusbaum had commanded instant
attention and appreciation. Wenger and his interpretive staff put about
three hundred luminarias (candles in paper sacks) in Cliff Palace
to illuminate the ruin one evening in August 1979 while some of the
Navajo staff chanted tribal songs. This lovely innovation gained instant
popularity and was repeated for several years, into the 1980s.
The staff also worked with the Ute Mountain Utes to
train them in ruins stabilization and to help them to develop an
interpretive program for their tribal park directly south of Mesa Verde.
Not all the significant ruins fell within the park's boundaries, and the
Utes moved determinedly to preserve theirs, as well as to tap the
potential tourist trade. Their isolated reservation stood in need of an
economic boost. Although the Ute education program was the most
extensive, the Zunis, Crows, and Apaches also came to observe and to
receive training. The heritage of Mesa Verde was being passed on to
future generations.
While that positive tradition was being furthered,
the past was also willing its never-ending road problems to the present.
Superintendent Switzer reported during a June 1973 staff meeting that
slides plagued the roads and trails. Continual road patching made it
seem that as soon as "one section is repaired, another breaks up." The
expense and frustration of the one-sided struggle seldom abated, always
appearing on the superintendent's agenda. To make matters worse that
same year, the new Wetherill Mesa road began to "cause some problems."
[15] There appeared to be no end and no
solution to road difficulties.
All these nagging nuisances proved to be mere
preliminaries to the main event. After an excessively wet fall in 1978,
two slides, on April 27 and 29, 1979, buried the road on the east side
of Point Lookout and closed the park for a month. The second slide,
termed "massive," deposited an estimated 150,000 cubic yards of rock and
mud. The disaster ignited an equally massive effort to remove the debris
and, if possible, to stabilize the road permanently. The staff promptly
fired up its public relations machine by several degrees and attempted
to blunt the adverse publicity. Daily reports about road conditions were
issued to press, television, and radio, and all three major television
networks taped feature stories at the site. Park rangers met visitors
below the slide and "satisfied many frustrated persons who could not
enter the park with pleasant discussions and sympathetic responses." An
apprehensive local tourist industry fretted and stewed, predicting
losses up to a million dollars. The last days of Switzer's
superintendency were troubled by controversy generated by the slide.
Any delight in the Mesa Verde disaster came from the
school children of park families, who were convinced that they would not
be able to connect with the Mancos school bus. The park school had
finally closed over a decade before, with all grades now being bused.
The children's joy proved short-lived, as foot trails were constructed
around the slide to allow them to meet their transportation to and from
school. After an expenditure of $736,500 for repairs, the road and the
park were finally reopened to the public on May 30, 1979. [16] The cost over the years to stabilize the
shifting Mancos shale and the continuing expense of maintaining that
stretch of road far exceeded the money spent on the entire Wetherill
Mesa Project, far and away the park's most elaborate archaeological
Fires, too, continued to harass Mesa Verde, as they
had for years. The average number from 1926 through 1979 had been ten a
year; the thirty fires in 1972 set a record. Included in that number
were a 2,680-acre burn on Moccasin Mesa and a 700-acre blaze on
Wetherill Mesa. The "unique flammability of Mesa Verde pinyon-juniper
forests" always posed a threat to the park and its visitors. When the
mesa became dangerously dry, campfires and smoking were prohibited. [17] Fire fighting equipment, including a
helicopter, and trained staff stood ready for the call they hoped would
not come.
As if slipping roads and rampaging fires were not
discouraging enough, air borne pollution also threatened Mesa Verde.
This plague posed two threats: a smoky haze that despoiled the once
pristine vistas, always one of the park's greatest charms, and the
potential erosion of the ancient structures by the acids in the
pollution. By 1979, the park was involved in several programs to monitor
air quality and visibility. [18] The great
threat came not from within the park, but from the coal-fired Four
Corners and San Juan power plants.
Smoke from these plants created a haze over the once
strikingly clear view to the south toward Shiprock. To a lesser degree,
pollution came from coal-, wood, and oil-burning stoves and fireplaces;
use of cars also contributed to the problem.
Once it had seemed less threatening to build giant
power plants in lightly populated areas, where industrial smoke,
settling over fewer voters, would not become so politically volatile an
issue. Likewise, as Americans tried to save on heating bills, they
reverted to some of the more primitive heating methods of their
pioneering forebears. Unintentionally, in both cases, they polluted the
Four Corners atmosphere, threatening their environmental heritage there
and elsewhere throughout the country. Such was the cost of modern life
on Mesa Verde.


text:
If you have pots of money then go for Frog, as for the parental access you are talking about the webparts that Capita have created along with other partners and this I suspect is something you would want to look into.
We have Moodle VLE here which is now being used by the new year sevens. We haven't integrated it with the timetable yet as this is a syre fire way of turning the teaching staff off any VLE. Start small and then grow your teaching staff into it by creating incentive packages to the curriculum depts (£50 for each T & L project they manage, to go to their dept).
Get good teaching and learning frameworks built up prior to building your VLE and train the staff well. Don't force staff to use it but nurture them and give them help from the teaching staff who have embraced the ideals.
Good luck
P.S. have a quick look at ours, use the Guest account as it states and let me know what your first (honest) thoughts are. http://vle.bishopbarrington.net/


text:
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