text:
B) Difference
Which of the following operations selects only those records that appear in one, but not both, of the source files?
A) Intersection
B) Difference
C) Union
a computer-based tool used to help people transform geographic data into geographic information.
involves sampling locations at intervals along the length of linear entities (like roads), or around the perimeter of areal entities (like property parcels). When they are connected by lines, the sampled points form line features and polygon features that approximate the shapes of their real-world counterparts.
involves sampling attributes at fixed intervals. Each sample represents one cell in a checkerboard-shaped grid.
A) Intersection
Which of the following operations selects only those records that appear in both of the source files?
A) Intersection
B) Difference
C) Union
A) Raster
a list of longitude and latitude coordinates that define the boundary of one Pennsylvania County--are they vector or raster data?
Which representation strategy is better suited to representing property parcels-Raster or Vector?
One of the distinguishing characteristics of geographic data is that they represent phenomena that are distributed across a continuous surface. What is the most important implication of continuity?
A) The composition of the Earth's surface are continuously changing.
B) There are an infinite number of locations on the Earth's surface.
C) There are no gorges, canyons, or crevasses on the Earth's surface.
D) Geographic data must be continuously updated.
A distinguishing characteristic of geographic data is that the phenomena they represent are distributed over a spherical, or nearly spherical, surface. What is the most important implication of the Earth's shape?
A) The more accurately we wish to specify positions, the more precisely we must account for the Earth's irregular shape.
B) Angles and distances calculated on plane coordinates are more accurate than angles and distances calculated on geographic coordinates.
C) Geographic coordinates are more precise than plane coordinates.
D) The only distortion-free way to transform geographic coordinates into plane coordinates involves sets of mathematical formulae called map projections.
A unique characteristic of geographic data is that attributes such as terrain elevation, soil type, and even property value tend to be similar among neighboring locations. This property allows us to estimate unknown attribute values from nearby known values. What is the property called?
A) Scale independence
B) Spatial dependence
C) Spectral reflectance
D) Sheer coincidence
*First convert 3.5 kilometers (the ground distance) to 350,000 centimeters so that the units cancel each other out. Then divide 350,000 by 7 to reduce the map distance to 1.
The distance between the Lincoln Memorial and the U.S. Capitol measures 7 centimeters on a map of Washington, D.C., and 3.5 kilometers on the ground. Calculate the scale of the map.
*: First convert map distance (the width of the map) and ground distance (the circumference of the Earth) to the same units. Then reduce the map distance to 1 by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by it.
What the nominal scale of the 5.25 inch-wide (13.3 centimeters) world map shown above? Hint: the circumference of the Earth is 40,030 kilometers (24,875 miles).
2,000 inches
Start by setting up an equality between the representative fraction (1/100,000) and the ratio of map distance (.02 inches) to ground distance (Dg). Then cross-multiply the ground distance and the scale denominator (0.02 inches x 100,000 = Dg) 1).
National Map Accuracy Standards guarantee that 90 percent of well-defined points tested on U.S.G.S. topographic maps at 1:20,000 or smaller scale will be within 0.02 inches (map distance) of their true horizontal positions. In terms of ground distance, what is the maximum allowable error for well-defined points in the 1:100,000-scale map series?
*Start by setting up an equality between the representative fraction (1 / scale denominator, the unknown) and the ratio of focal length (6 inches) to the difference between flying height and average elevation flying height (20,000 feet - 1,000 feet). Convert the focal length and flying height to the same units. Then cross-multiply and solve for the scale denominator.
Calculate the average scale of a vertical aerial photograph taken with a camera whose focal length is 6 inches at an altitude of 20,000 feet where the average terrain elevation in the scene is 1,000 feet.
*Sp = f / (H-h) = 0.5' / (12000'-2000') = 1:20000
Say you have an aerial image that was taken with a 6-inch focal length camera at a flying height of 12,000 feet above sea level. At a certain point of the photograph, however, the terrain rises to an elevation of 2000 feet above sea level. What is the scale of that part of the photo?
-77.8681° longitude and 40.7933° latitude
*Convert seconds to fractions of a minute, then minutes to fractions of a degree. Then apply the minus sign for longitudes in the western hemisphere, and latitudes in the southern hemisphere.
Convert 77°52'05" W longitude and 40°47'36" N latitude to decimal degrees.
horizontal datum
An alignment of a coordinate system grid with a geometrical figure that approximates the Earth's size and shape is know as a:
A mathematically complex three-dimensional figure across which gravity is everywhere equal whose size and shape closely approximates global mean sea level.
A mathematically simple three-dimensional figure used to approximate the Earth's size and complex shape.
The GRS 80 ellipsoid replaced the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. The slightly different approximation of the Earth's size and shape caused the geographic coordinate system grid to shift relative to control point locations, necessitating adjustment of the control point coordinates.
explain the change from NAD 27 to NAD 83
Plane coordinate system grids (such as UTM and SPC) are projected, but only after they have been referenced to an ______.
10-100 meters
Approximately how much did positions of points (in the conterminous U.S.) shift as a result of the National Geodetic Survey's adjustment from NAD 27 to NAD 83?
Project the GPS data to UTM.
You wish to superimpose point data you produced with a hand-held GPS unit over a digital orthophoto that is encoded in UTM coordinates and the NAD 83 datum. What needs to be done?
Plane coordinate transformation
You have scanned an unrectified aerial photograph from the 1940s that you wish to georegister with an existing parcel database for an analysis of land use change. The parcel database is encoded as State Plane Coordinates based upon a Lambert projection and the NAD 83 datum. What needs to be done to the scanned air photo?
Datum transformation
You wish to georegister a USGS Digital Line Graph (DLG), in UTM and NAD 27, with other National Map data layers in UTM and NAD 83. What needs to be done to the DLG?
The United States Geological Survey offers Landsat satellite image data for sale at a range of prices. "Raw uncorrected" data are cheapest. "Systematically corrected" data cost more. (This is true for commercial satellite data vendors as well.) Which of the following does systematic correction involve?
A) Plane coordinate transformation
B) Datum transformation
C) Map projection
D) Datum transformation and map projection
5,000,000 meters North
*The distance between the equator and the poles is very nearly 10,000,000 meters. 45° North latitude is midway between the equator and the North Pole.
What is the UTM Northing that corresponds to 45° North latitude?
500,000 meters East
*both the north and south halves of every UTM zone are defined as 500,000 meters west of the zone central meridian.
What is the UTM Easting that corresponds to the central meridian of each UTM zone?
84° 30'
UTM zones do not extend above __° __' North latitude. Locations in higher latitudes are specified in a polar coordinate system that is based on the Polar Stereographic map projection
6° of longitude
*Since the circumference of the Earth spans 360° of longitude, and there are 60 UTM zones, the width of a single zone must be 6° (360°÷60).
What is the east-west span (i.e., "width") of each UTM coordinate system zone?
500,000 meters west of the intersection of the central meridian and the equator
Where is the origin of the north half of each UTM coordinate system zone located?
10,000,000 meters south of the equator and 500,000 meters west of the central meridian
Where is the origin of the south half of each UTM coordinate system zone located?
zero; central meridian
Scale distortion associated with the Transverse Mercator map projections upon which UTM coordinate system zones are based is ____ along the two standard lines that parallel each zone ______, 180,000 meters to the west and east
At the points that are farthest from the two standard lines
Where is scale distortion greatest in each UTM zone?
Point A
*Although it has the smaller Easting, Point A lies to the east of Point B because Zone 31 is east of Zone 30. Recall that UTM zones are number 1-60 from west to east, starting at 180°
The UTM coordinates of point A are 400,000 meters East, 4,500,000 meters North, Zone 31 North. The coordinates of point B are 600,000 meters East, 4,500,000 meters North, Zone 30 North. Which is the easternmost point?
Metric (meters)
Which "unit of measure" is used to specify positions in the State Plane Coordinate System of 1983?
1 part in 10,000
SPC, like other plane coordinate systems, is based upon map projections. All plane coordinate systems contain a certain amount of positional error due to the scale distortion inherent in map projections. What is the maximum error associated with SPC zones?
Yes, scale distortion is zero along the standard line(s).
Are there any positions in a SPC zone that are free from scale distortion? If so, where?
standard line
a line of latitude, longitude, or other line along which scale distortion associated with a map projection is zero.
Lambert Conic Conformal, standard parallels 42° 04' and 43° 16'
Upon what map projection is the Iowa North zone based?
8,158,179 meters North
240,205 meters East
Nevada East zone
Use the National Geodetic Survey's Geodetic Toolkit to convert the following geographic coordinates to State Plane Coordinates: 36° 10' 30" N, 115° 08' 11" W, NAD 83
conformal projections
Angles measured at points on the globe are represented correctly on _________. The distortion ellipses vary in size, but not in shape. The relative sizes of landmasses are distorted in order to preserve their shapes
_________ projections like this include one, or at most two, points from which straight lines in all directions are true to scale. In this case, the one point is 90 degrees North latitude. Notice that the north-south axes of the distortion ellipses are all the same length on this projection. This means that the scale of the map is true along every meridian.
allows between the four properties (conformal, equivalent, equidistant, azimuthal) that minimizes deformation in most areas of the globe.
________ projection depicts the sizes of the landmasses in correct proportion to how they appear on the globe. Although the shapes of the distortion ellipses vary, their areas are equivalent. The shapes of the landmasses are distorted, even as their correct areas are preserved.
________ projection preserves the property of conformality. The relative sizes of landmasses are distorted, but their shapes are preserved. Angles measured at points on the globe are represented correctly everywhere on the projection.
______ projection preserves the property of equivalence of area. The sizes of the landmasses are shown in correct proportion to how they appear on the globe.
______ projection preserves the property of equivalence of area. The sizes of the landmasses are shown in correct proportion to how they appear on the globe.
______ projection preserves the property of equidistance. Straight lines drawn from the center of the projection (77 degree 51 minutes West, 40 degrees 47 minutes North) to any other point are true to scale.
Decennial Census data are actual counts; ACS data are estimates derived from samples.
What's the difference between Decennial Census ("SF 1") data and American Community Survey (ACS) data?
*Age is neither an unranked nor ranked category. Age is a number. Is it measured at the interval level or ratio level? Zero is arbitrary in an interval level scale. Zero is not arbitrary in the context of age.
One of the questions asked in the 2010 census was "what is Person [X]'s age?" What is the level of measurement of respondents' answers to that question?
* A person born in the year 1980 is not twice as old as a person born in 1970. The year 0 AD is an arbitrary zero, not the beginning of time. Therefore year of birth is an interval level, not ratio level, measurement.
The second part of the question above in the 2010 census was "what is Person [X]'s date of birth?" What is the level of measurement of respondents' answers to that question?
*By indicating one race or another on a census questionnaire, respondents assign themselves to unranked categories. In other words, they produce nominal data. Nominal data can be ranked only if an extrinsic set of priorities or preferences is imposed upon them, at which point they become ordinal level data.
Question : "what is Person [X]'s race?" What is the level of measurement of respondents' answers to that question?
*The answers are ranked categories. The data say that one person's ability to speak English is greater or less than another person's ability, but not twice or half as great.
Question: "how well does this person speak English?" Allowable answers include "Very well; Well; Not well; Not at all." What is the level of measurement of the allowable answers?
*By indicating a country of birth, respondents assign themselves (or their fellow householders) to unranked categories.
Question: "where was this person born?" Respondents were asked to name a U.S. state or foreign country. What is the level of measurement of respondents' answers to that question?
*Insofar as the year 0 is an arbitrary zero, year of arrival is an interval level measurement, not a ratio level one.
Question: "when [what year] did this person come to live in the United States?" What is the level of measurement of respondents' answers to that question?
*Occupations are unranked categories.
Question:"[describe] this person's chief job activity or business last week." Allowable answers include "private for-profit; private non-profit; local, state or federal government, self-employed, or working without pay." What is the level of measurement of the allowable answers?
*You can tell that income is a ratio level measurement, not interval, because zero is not an arbitrary value. Zero dollars mean no income.
Question: "what was this person's income in the past 12 months?" What is the level of measurement of respondents' answers to that fill-in-the-blank question?
Interval and Ratio
Subtracting one value from another can appropriately be performed upon data produced at which level(s) of measurement? (More than one answer may be correct; select all correct choices.)
Interval and Ratio
*Adding the codes that signify land use categories (nominal) or average precipitation ranges (i.e., 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, etc.; ordinal) makes no sense.
It should also be obvious that the sums of ratio-level data, which represent positions along a number line with a natural zero, are meaningful quantities.
Sums of interval-level quantities can be meaningful or absurd. Say you worked in a planning department, for example, and were tasked to map the ages of buildings within a central business district. You might symbolize the individual property parcels by the year in which each building was built. It would make no sense to sum the years and report a "total age" of each city block. On the other hand, it would make sense to report the average year of building construction by summing all the years, then dividing by the number of parcels.
Adding one value to another can appropriately be performed upon data produced at which level(s) of measurement? (More than one choice may be correct; select all correct choices.)
Interval and Ratio
*Interval and ratio data are frequently grouped into ordinal level categories for thematic mapping. Categories of nominal and ordinal data can be grouped into fewer categories, but this is not quite the same as classification.
Classifying values into ranked categories for thematic mapping can appropriately be performed upon data produced at which level(s) of measurement? (More than one choice may be correct; select all correct choices.)
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio
Isolating one or more categories can appropriately be performed upon data produced at which level(s) of measurement? (More than one choice may be correct; select all correct choices.)
Nominal and Ordinal
Grouping categories into fewer categories can appropriately be performed upon data produced at which level(s) of measurement? (More than one choice may be correct; select all correct choices.)
*Counts, rates, and densities are ratio level, not interval, because zero is not an arbitrary value in any of the three cases.
Counts, rates, and densities data are all measured at what level?
Choropleth (Graduated Color)=preferred for rate and density data.
Which type of thematic map is conventionally used for population change?
American Community Survey
a continuous, nationwide survey of the demographic, economic, social, housing, and financial characteristics of the U.S. population.
65,000; 20,000; 20,000
The Census Bureau produces 1-year estimates for geographic areas with populations of ______ or greater, 3-year estimates for areas with populations of ______ or greater, and 5-year estimates for areas with populations less than _______.
Census tracts
Census 2000 was the first in which every U.S. county was subdivided into administrative areas called _______. In all there were approximately 50,000 _______ in 2000, each of which was populated by some
*The responses are categorical, but unlike nominal categories, they are ranked. One response can be judged to be greater than, less than, or equal to another. But two responses can not be added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided.
questions: "what were the actual sales of all agricultural products from this property?" Households were asked to respond by choosing one of the following categories: "None; $1 to $999; $1,000 to $2,499; $2,500 to $4,999; $5,000 to $9,999; $10,000 or more." What is the level of measurement of the resulting data?
Rates and Densities (e.g., migrants per 100,000 population)
Cartographers recommend that the choropleth (graduated color) mapping technique be used for thematic maps of which kind of data?
Dot Density and Proportional Symbol
Which types of thematic map do cartographers recommend to represent population?
TIGER/Line Shapefiles are in the public domain.
What constraints does the Census Bureau place on the use of TIGER/Line Shapefiles?
Geographic coordinates, NAD83
In which coordinate system and datum are horizontal positions specified in TIGER/Line Shapefiles?
Positions encoded in TIGER/Line Shapefiles are meant to be accurate to within 7.6 meters or better.
How accurately were horizontal positions of street centerlines specified in extracted TIGER/Line "All Lines" Shapefile after the MAF/TIGER Accuracy Improvement Project (MTAIP)?
geometric primitive in the MAF/TIGER database: 0-dimensional, representing a landmark or street intersection, for example; a single pair of coordinates
geometric primitive in the MAF/TIGER database:2-dimensional, representing a block or county, for example
geometric primitive in the MAF/TIGER database: 1-dimensional, representing a street or river, for example
-Nodes are said to be __-dimensional, because they have neither length nor area.
-Edges do not occupy area, but they do have length; thus they are __-dimensional.
Faces occupy areas and are therefore __-dimensional.
County or equivalent administrative area
What is the geographic coverage of a single "All Lines" TIGER/Line Shapefile?
In a polygon shapefile data set, each polygon is an integrally complete feature, so any shared boundary is present _____.
minimizes redundant data
The "persistent topology" employed in the MAF/TIGER database, to ensure topological integrity:
Galdi (2005) explains that isolated nodes (i.e., point features) ARE stored in a separate layer from other topological elements in the ________ database. He reasons that because these points are low priority and it's not important that they be topologically integrated with Census blocks, street centerlines, etc.
In the MAF/TIGER topological data structure, an edge bounded by_____ adjacent face(s) is stored in order to reduce redundancy
TIGER/Line Shapefile
A ________ data set contains point, line or polygon feature representations, extracted from the MAF/TIGER database.
True or false? The attributes associated with polygon boundaries, such as blocks, tracts and counties, allow the user to integrate the demographic data, but the demographic data is not contained in MAF/TIGER or its shapefile extracts.
Revising voting district boundaries to ensure that districts contain equal populations is called:
Creating digital line features that represent the streets shown on a paper map is usually called:
TIGER/Line Files?
Linear transportation features (such as streets or railroads), Hydrography (such as lakes or rivers), and Landmarks (such as select schools or churches) are all represented by _______
Positions encoded in TIGER/Line Shapefiles are meant to be accurate to within 7.6 meters or better.
How accurately were horizontal positions of street centerlines specified in extracted TIGER/Line "All Lines" Shapefile after the MAF/TIGER Accuracy Improvement Project (MTAIP)?
shapefile users to use TIGER data to perform address matching.
The main reason that the Census Bureau included address range attributes in its TIGER/Line Shapefiles was to allow:
True or False: the linear features extracted from the MAF/TIGER database to create a TIGER/Line Shapefile actually differ, depending on the geographic level (nation, state, county).
Positioning errors accumulated over the course of a(n) ___________ traverse can be quantified and accounted for.
100,500 meters East, 50,866 meters North
calculate the State Plane coordinates of point P. The coordinates of the nearest control point (point A) in the same SPC zone are 100,000 meters East, 50,000 meters North. The distance from the control point to point P is 1,000 meters, and the azimuth between A and P is 30 degrees. What are the coordinates of point P?
1 cm + 1 part in 100,000
What is the maximum allowable error for level C 1st order horizontal control points in the U.S. National Spatial Reference System? (This is the control order that is intended for mapping applications.)
One square centimeter
What is the precision of the position specified by the following State Plane coordinates: 500,000.00 meters East, 100,000.00 meters North?
root mean square error
A measure of the accuracy of an entire geographic data set, expressed as the average difference between many measured positions and their corresponding actual positions is
1,003 feet
*1,000 feet is the elevation at point A.
1,005 feet is the height of the instrument.
Here's the math:
5 = BS (backsight height = 60 inches= 5 ')
ZB = HI - FS (foresight height= 24 inches= 2')
calculate the elevation of point P. Your leveling instrument is positioned midway between point P and point A. The elevation of point A is known to be 1,000 feet. Looking through the telescope, you take a reading of 60 inches on the measurement rod held over point A, and 24 inches on a measuring rod held over point P. What is the elevation of point P?
"space segment" of the Global Positioning System
GPS component: a constellation of orbiting satellites that transmit their locations to Earth by radio signals
Dual-frequency receivers can calculate differences in time of arrival of the L1 and L2 signals
What advantage does a dual-frequency GPS receiver provide over a single-frequency receiver?
Satellite ranging, the concept on which the Global Positioning System is based, is most similar to which land surveying technique?
Better than 5 meters
You spent $200 for a WAAS-enabled, hand-held GPS receiver. What is the best accuracy that you are likely to achieve?
dilution of precision
Uncertainty of GPS coordinates caused by unfavorable arrangement of the satellite constellation is known as:
1. Satellite clock
2. Ionosphere
3. Receiver clock
4. Satellite orbit
5. Lower atmosphere
6. Multipath
Rank the following sources of GPS positioning errors in descending order of their contributions to the total GPS error budget.
A) Multipath
B) Ionosphere
C) Satellite orbit
D) Receiver clock
E) Satellite clock
F) Lower atmosphere
6:00-9:00 am
Referring to the DOP graph shown above, which three-hour time of day is best for GPS positioning?
differential correction
A method for improving the accuracy of positions recorded by a mobile GPS receiver by filtering out errors recorded by a second stationary receiver is known as:
Random error
Averaging many readings is one way to improve the accuracy of GPS positioning. Averaging is effective in compensating for:
-_______ errors are likely to vary in both magnitude and direction around the actual position.
Coast Guard DGPS abd RTK (Real-Time Differential Correction)
Which differential correction techniques require radio connections to base stations?
When accuracies of 1 part in 1,000,000 or higher are required
When is "static" positioning preferable to "kinematic"?
One square meter
What is the precision of the position specified by the following UTM coordinates: 222,222 meters East, 2,222,222 meters North
650,250 meters East, 170,433 meters North
calculate the State Plane coordinates of point P. The coordinates of the nearest control point (point A) in the same SPC zone are 650,000 meters East, 170,000 meters North. The distance from the control point to point P is 500 meters, and the azimuth between A and P is 60 degrees. What are the coordinates of point P?
*Here's the math:
5 = BS (backsight height = 60 inches= 5 ')
ZB = HI - FS (foresight height= 24 inches= 2')
calculate the elevation of point P. Your leveling instrument is positioned midway between point P and point A, whose elevation is known to be 500 feet. Looking through the telescope, you take a reading of 36 inches on the measurement rod held over point A, and 12 inches on a measuring rod held over point P. what is the elevation of point P?
GPS satellites broadcast radio signals. GPS receivers calculate positions as a function of the difference in time between the radio broadcast and the receipt of the broadcast signal by the receiver.
How does GPS work?
control segment of the Global Positioning System
what is the network of ground receiving stations and transmitters that ensure that the geometry of GPS satellite orbits is known.
Local Governments (municipalities and counties)
In the U.S., what government agencies are responsible for large-scale mapping for infrastructure maintenance (e.g., utilities and public works) and for cadastral mapping (i.e., property boundaries)?
The USGS topographic quadrangle map of State College PA covers an area 7.5 minutes in latitude by 7.5 minutes in longitude. The map is not square, however; it measures 577 mm tall by only 440 mm wide because the length of a degree of longitude ________ as meridians converge toward the poles.
High-accuracy GPS positioning, which does not require line-of-site between control stations, became more accessible to _______ surveyors
vertical; oblique angle
What's the difference between a vertical aerial photograph and an oblique aerial photograph?
In a vertical aerial photo, the optical axis is______
In an oblique air photo, the optical exis forms _______ with the ground surface
The nominal scale of a vertical air photo is 1:40,000. The photo was taken from an altitude of 20,000 feet above the average terrain elevation, which was 2,000 feet. The focal length of the camera was 0.5 feet. At point A, however, the terrain elevation is 1,000 feet. What is the scale of the photograph at point A?
Differences in the levels of government that are responsible for mapping and land title registration.
What explains differences in the availability of "core data" ("framework themes" in the U.S.) among the four countries Ian Masser studied in the 1990s?
Because Boston is situated farther from the equator, and the length of a degree of longitude decreases with distance from the equator.
The 7.5 minute USGS topographic quadrangle maps of Boston South, Massachusetts and Miami, Florida are both 1:24,000 scale. Both maps are approximately 576 mm tall. The Miami map is more than 20 percent wider than the Boston map, however (522 mm versus 430 mm). Why is this so?
the poles; increases
Meridians (lines of longitude) converge toward:
=Therefore the length of a degree of longitude decreases as latitude ______
Tracing objects and elevation contours from stereoscopic views of overlapping air photos
The average age of USGS topographic quadrangle maps is over 20 years. By what method was most of the data on these maps compiled?
ability to measure both horizontal and vertical positions
what characteristic is not shared by orthophotos and 3D images produced by stereoscopic viewing or overlapping vertical air photos
Elevations cannot be measured from ________ because the relief displacement caused by variations in terrain elevation have been removed.
300,000; 600,000
What is the National Spatial Reference System?
____ horizontal and ____ vertical control points
Plane coordinate transformation based on 16 control points
Digital Raster Graphics (DRGs) are created by scanning and georeferencing topographic quadrangle maps. Which transformation technique do you suppose is used to georeference DRGs?
1 centimeter
What is the "radius of uncertainty" associated with horizontal control points classified as "first order" by the National Geodetic Survey?
USGS identified themes for which it already had lead responsibility
Why do the themes that comprise the USGS National Map differ from the framework themes proposed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee?
features and named
what characteristic does the USGS 7.5-minute, 1:24,000-scale topographic quadrangle series share in common with the proposed new National Map?
At least 90 percent of well defined points tested are within one half contour interval of the correct value.
How accurate are the elevations encoded in the contour lines in the Bushkill PA quad DLG hypsography layer?
A) Spacing increases as slope increases
Which of the following is not characteristic of contour lines?
A) Spacing increases as slope increases
B) Point upstream in valleys
C) Point downridge along ridges
D) Adjacent contours represent sequential or equivalent elevations
10 meters
The U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) framework specification calls for an "elevation matrix" whose horizontal resolution is at least "1/2 arc-seconds" in areas of low relief. Which of the following is the lowest (coarsest) satisfactory resolution for areas of low relief?
C) Interpolation elevations from Digital Line Graph hypsography and hydrography
Which is the preferred method for producing 30-meter USGS Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)?
A) Compile elevation contours from a Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle
B) Digitize elevation contours from a topographic map
C) Interpolation elevations from Digital Line Graph hypsography and hydrography
D) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
1/9 arc second (approximately 3 meters)
What is the highest horizontal resolution elevation data published by USGS at http://seamless.usgs.gov?
Series of regularly-spaced elevation values aligned in south-north profiles.
What do USGS Digital Elevation Models consist of?
Which is the highest resolution global data set that provides both land surface and sea floor elevations?
C) Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Which data product is best suited for the calculation of slope?
A) Digital Raster Graphic (DRG)
B) Digital Line Graph (DLG) hypsography
C) Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
D) Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle (DOQ)
B) Direction of stream flow is encoded consistently in NHD
Which is the most important characteristic of the National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD) that distinguishes it from the USGS Digital Line Graph (DLG) Hydrography data from which NHD was derived?
A) Stream depths are encoded as node attributes in NHD
B) Direction of stream flow is encoded consistently in NHD
C) Unlike DLG Hydrography, NHD is a raster representation to better accommodate hydrographic modeling
D) Unlike DLG Hydrography, NHD is maintained at a single scale.
A) The U.S. Public Land Survey reference system
Which of the following did the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee suggest as part of the content of the Cadastral framework layer of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure?
A) The U.S. Public Land Survey reference system
B) Georeferenced plat maps
C) Legal descriptions of private property boundaries
D) Latitude and longitude coordinates of U.S. household addresses
spectral response pattern
The magnitudes of energy that an object reflects or emits across a range of wavelength is known as:
bit depth of an image
The number of binary integers that can be stored for each pixel is known as the:
near-infrared band, which vegetation reflects strongly
Red color (wavelenth band) observed in a Landsat MSS sensor represents reflectance values in the:
range of wavelengths
an important advantage of digital remote sensing relative to aerial photography is that digital sensors are sensitive to a broader ________ of _______
about 5 centimeters
what closest to the maximum spatial resolution that can be achieved through aerial imaging (digital aerial photography)?
panchromatic image
An image produced from film (or from digital data produced by a sensor) that is sensitive to a broad range of wavelengths, including the entire visible band is known as a:
sun synchronous orbit
The path followed by a satellite that crosses over the equator at the same times every day as it circles the Earth is known as:
an instantaneous field of view of the AVHRR sensor vary between 1 and 16 square kilometers because the sensor scan head traverses a wide arc as it scans a ______ km-wide swath
about 30 meters
What is the spatial resolution of most of the bands of the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor (not including the panchromatic and thermal IR bands)?
the spatial resolution of the thermal infrared band of the Landsat ETM+ sensor is so much lower than the other bands because the magnitude of electromagnetic radiation in the longer-wavelenth infared band is ____ than in other wavelenth wands
Which sensor produces data most suitable for global-scale vegetation monitoring?
C) Landsat ETM+
D) Landsat MSS
resampled image
A derived image produced from an original that is based upon a different raster grid is known as a
geometric correction techniques
To transform raw image data into orthorectified and georeferenced image data is the main objective of:
readiometric correction techniques
To remove spurious variations in the spectral response of objects caused by location, time of year, and time of day is the main object of:
contrast stretching
Increasing the clarity of an image by expanding the range of recorded reflectance values is known as:
Visible red and near-infrared
Reflectance values measured in WHICH TWO AVHRR wavelength bands are combined to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)?
maximum NDVI score
How did the team that created the 1-Km AVHRR Global Land Dataset minimize the contamination of NDVI scores by cloud cover?
They selected the ______ NDVI score calculated for each pixel during each 10-day period
________ classification methods for remotely sensed image data involve identifying clusters of similar pixels automatically, without first identifying the real-world entities that the clusters represent.
______ classification methods for remotely sensed image data involve identifying archetypal pixels whose energy values are typical of real-world entities, then classifying other pixels with the archetype they most resemble.
A maximum likelihood classifier is an example of what kind of classification? (supervised/unsupervised)
Landsat MSS
Data produced by which remote sensing system were used to produce the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD)?
*B) About 40-60 percent
How accurate is the National Land Cover Dataset? What is the likelihood that a given cell is classified correctly?
transmit and measure
What is the difference between an active sensor and a passive sensor?
Active sensors both _____ and _____ electromagnetic energy; passive can only measure it.
A) penetrate deep water
Which of the following is not true about active microwave sensors?
A) Can penetrate deep water
B) Can operate day or night
C) Can penetrate cloud cover
D) Can be used to measure elevation
Imaging radar instruments
Radar altimeters
__________ measure the intensities of reflected microwaves. ________measure the distances that reflected microwaves travel.
(Radar altimeters, Imaging radar instruments)
sea surface
What did TOPEX-POSEIDON, the satellite-based radar altimeter used to monitor El Niño from 1992 to 2005, actually measure?
_____ elevations, from which changes in temperature can be calculated.
Supervised; Unsupervised
________ (Supervised/Unsup.) classification involves defining classes by selecting parts of an image that are known to be representative of each class. After classes are defined, every other pixel in the image is assigned to the class with the most similar multispectral reflectance values.
________ (Supervised/Unsup.) classification involves clustering similar pixels automatically, without considering the real-world entities that the clusters represent.
base map whose datum, projection, and other geometric properties are well defined.
CNSI's subcontractors go to the trouble of redrawing floodplain boundaries from FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps onto USGS topographic maps prior to digitizing in order to manually transform the floodplain boundaries to a:
C) Digital Elevation Models and National Hydrographic Dataset layers
What two digital data sets do you suppose would delineating the watersheds automatically
A) Digital Raster Graphics and Digital Elevation Models
B) Digital Orthophoto Quads and Digital Line Graph hypsography layers
C) Digital Elevation Models and National Hydrographic Dataset layers
D) Digital Orthophoto Quads and Digital Raster Graphics
250 meters
*(1/250,000 = 1 mm / 250 m).
draw boundary of areas underlain by carbonate rocks from the 1:250,000 scale Geologic Map of Pennsylvania and trace lines to +/- 1 millimeter.
What is the ground distance associated with a 1 millimeter digitizing error?
vector, raster
Pennsylvania based its site selection analysis on a _____ (vector/raster) framework. New York based its analysis on a _____ (vector/raster framework.
Which approach to geographic representation (raster/vector) is better suited to providing the road distance and travel time?
Flickr Creative Commons Images
Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com. Click to see the original works with their full license.


text:
Nathaniel Greenbaum Gallery - Penn State
On senior night for the four Wisconsin Badgers and for photo editor Nathaniel Greenbaum, the Badgers…
Audio: Tanner Bronson Preps For Northwestern
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Date: Mar 6, 2008
Senior guard, and captain of the scout team, Tanner Bronson tries to put aside winning his first Big Ten Championship and focus on preparing for Northwestern.
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On senior night for the four Wisconsin Badgers and for photo editor Nathaniel Greenbaum, the Badgers…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A few updates to announce:
After launching the iOS app, wevther.com become a home for the little video and link to get the app. A lot of people missed the web version (and told us so).
Today we're relaunching the web version!
It's been hard for our tiny (unpaid) team to keep the site stocked with great products for every combination of conditions, so today we're opening up product contributions to everyone.
You can add products by getting the bookmarklet.
iOS app
A new version of the app should be hitting the store any minute with some little tweaks.
One more thing
Stay tuned.
WEΛTHER report
Some interesting stats for WEΛTHER for iOS:
- the app launched on Oct. 29
- 34% are looking at women's products only, 28% at men's products only, 38% at products across genders
- 40% of users have their temperature set to celsius (this probably tracks closely to users outside the US)
- 27% of users have set up a notification to push them the weather every day
- 91.3% are returning users
- 15.2% of screen views are looking at tomorrow's forecast, and 11% are web views (i.e. product pages). ~1% of these views are users sharing products via email
- we're adding users at a rate of about ~12% per week
- about 40% of users are using the app at least once a week.
- among that 40%, those users are averaging about 6 sessions per week.
What's next:
- weather reports for Mexico!
- more products!
- and potentially a return of the web version!
WEΛTHER for iPhone
It's here!
Maybe you're just finding out about WEΛTHER, in which case, hello! But if you're familiar with it already, you might've noticed things have been pretty quiet over here. Well we've been heads-down building a new version of WEΛTHER for iPhone and it's finally out.
We had a list of requests, as well as some things we wanted to check off. Here's what's new:
- International weather. It works everywhere now!
- Better product recommendations
- Products now come from everywhere, not just Svpply. The entire internet!
- That means more products and growing fast
- Buy directly in the app
- No more links to out-of-stock merchandise
- Set a time to get a daily weather alert
- Remember your preferences: get the temp in Celsius and only show girls' stuff, if that's your thing.
- Touchscreen fun!
We think it's so much better on your iPhone that we've taken the site down, at least for now.
Still doin' it
… and doing it big. Lots of new stuff on deck.
News soon!
Product links
Sometimes you see something on W E ∆ T H E R that you want to check out and maybe buy, click on the image to buy it … and it's not there.
It's a total bummer – we feel you.
The issue is that the products and their associated shopping links come from Svpply, and as stores update their websites these links stop working. As of now, there's (sadly) not a whooole lot we can do about it.
Would it be useful to have the name of the product (when available)? At least you could do some internet investigating on your own if you really wanted it.
W E ∆ T H E R on Refinery29
thanks, Refinery29!
Why Weather Forecasters Are Role Models
Nate Silver, whom I love (especially now that it's election season), on weather forecasting and probability:
"It was enlightening to speak with men and women at the forefront of science and technology. But I found that despite their best efforts, their predictions have often gone poorly.
"The discipline of meteorology is an exception. Weather forecasts are much better than they were 10 or 20 years ago."
∆ by the numbers
Check it – this graph is traffic to W E ∆ T H E R over the past month:
Sometime on August 27 is when our old weather API got pulled. You can see right there (there!) on September 14 when Jack saved everything and the flat line starts going back up.
What got me curious is that almost immediately after the site went back up I started seeing tweets about it again; it was like people were checking the site regularly. I looked back at a day with normal traffic and sure enough, a lot of users turn out to be return visitors.
New vs. returning visitors – Sept. 20:
Why'd I go back to a day with normal traffic? Well today when I went to get some numbers for this post I noticed that the percentage seemed closer to 50/50 than usual.
New vs. returning visitors on Sept. 26:
My theory on this is that, because of flattering posts in both GOOD and PSFK, there have been a lot of new visitors to the site and that has evened out this ratio.
This also seems to be proven anecdotally:
I thought this little project translating data into human experience would just be a fun experiment, so I'm absolutely delighted to see that it's actually useful to people. Awesome.
W E ∆ T H E R on PSFK
We were on PSFK!
W E ∆ T H E R on GOOD


text:
Word: urvattnad
Added on: 2012-10-23 Listened: 2 timesin: Add categories to urvattnad
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text:
sarah. 19. saying tbh too much. i mostly queue these days.
legitimate about me
legitimate about me
my hair was caught in my mouth and i was blinking (wow my mom takes awful photos) but
01 May with ♥ 5 notes #Josh Harrellson
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um guys remember when
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text:
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Joey: Oh, hey! You guys are finally gonna get to meet Kate! (To Chandler) And I borrowed some of your cologne. I hope she likes it.
Monica: Joey, what are you doing? It's never gonna happen. She's seeing somebody.
Chandler: Yeah, and I don't have any cologne.
Joey: Green bottle next to the shaving cream.
Chandler: Oh, worm medicine for the duck.
- Permalink: Oh, hey! You guys are finally gonna get to meet Kate! And I bor...
- Added:
I've kept myself busy. (Monica and Rachel go in their rooms and walk right back out) I put your stuff in her room and her stuff in your room.Phoebe
- Permalink: I've kept myself busy. I put your stuff in her room and her stu...
- Added:
Ross (Rachel just introduced him to Tommy)) So uh, well, this, this is uh, this is awkward.
Tommy Yeah?
Ross Well y'know 'cause Rachel and I used to go out.
Tommy Oh, I didn't, I didn't know that.
Ross Oh! Well then this is awkward.
- Permalink: Ross ) So uh, well, this, this is uh, this is awkward. Tommy Ye...
- Added:
Joey: Uh, you guys this is, this is Kate's understudy, Lauren.
Rachel: Oh, hi!
Lauren: Hey.
Rachel: Hey. Gosh, you look so familiar.
Lauren: Oh, yeah! I, I ran into you in the hallway in your building. It was right after I slept with Joey. He dumped me the next day.
- Permalink: Uh, you guys this is, this is Kate's understudy, Lauren. Oh, h...
- Added:
Joey: Uh, listen I gotta double check for tickets tonight. Who, who got what?
Chandler, Phoebe & Rachel: I had one.
Monica: I need two. I'm bringing Pete. My boyfriend. I have a boyfriend now!
Joey: Two it is. Ross, how about you?
Ross: Uh, yeah, I, ah, I also need two.
Monica: Really? Who's number two?
Chandler: Who's number two? One of the more difficult games sewer workers play.
Ross: Uh, no, it's, it's just this person.
Phoebe: Like a date type person?
Ross: Yeah, kinda. It's this woman from work. I hope that won't be too weird. Will it, Rach?
Rachel: No. No, not at all, not at all. I actually was gonna bring someone myself, so...
Joey: But you said one.
Rachel: I meant, me plus one!
Joey: Okay. (to Phoebe and Chandler) Did, ah, you guys mean you plus one?
- Permalink: Uh, listen I gotta double check for tickets tonight. Who, who go...
- Added:
Cailin: (About Pete and Monica) So. How'd you guys meet?
Pete: Well ah, the short version is, I ah pursued her for a couple of months, then I gave her a check for $20,000, and she was mine.
Monica: Yeah, and in the long version, I dump him for telling people the short version.
- Permalink: So. How'd you guys meet? Well ah, the short version is, I ah p...
- Added:
Ross: I'm telling you, this guy Rachel is with is crazy! Okay? He viciously screamed at total strangers! I think he's bad news!
Chandler: Wait a minute, wait a minute, you don't like the guy Rachel's dating? Well, (Sarcastically) that's odd.
- Permalink: I'm telling you, this guy Rachel is with is crazy! Okay? He vici...
- Added:
Joey: So, so, what'd you think?
Chandler: Almost as good as that play with the two naked girls on the see-saw.
Joey: I, I wasn't in that.
Chandler: I know.
- Permalink: So, so, what'd you think? Almost as good as that play with the...
- Added:
Phoebe: Do you guys know anything about chicks?
Chandler: Fowl? No. Women? No.
- Permalink: Do you guys know anything about chicks? Fowl? No. Women? No.
- Added:
(To the chick) That's Yasmine Bleeth. She's a different kind of chick.Chandler
- Permalink: That's Yasmine Bleeth. She's a different kind of chick.
- Added:
Monica: (To Phoebe) Does it involve clogs?
Phoebe: Wait, clogs or claws?
Monica: Clogs.
Phoebe: No.
Monica: Claws?
Phoebe: No.
- Permalink: Does it involve clogs? Wait, clogs or claws? Clogs. No. ...
- Added:
Phoebe: I have to tell you something?
Monica: What?
Phoebe: I can't tell you.
Monica: Well, wouldn't it be easier if you could tell me?
Phoebe: Yeah, in a perfect world.
- Permalink: I have to tell you something? What? I can't tell you. Well...
- Added:


text:
" Know this much about Ryan Gosling: Man loves candy. He speaks of it the way rich men discuss wine; he picks it from the shelves like he's working piano keys. He knows where it lives on the racks — low or high, above what display, betwixt whatever chocolates squat there. (Gosling has no use for chocolate.)"
That's from Esquire magazine's new profile of the gifted actor Ryan Gosling, and while I admire a man who appreciates the quality of a good bag of Haribo (it is the BEST), I must call into question the maturity of a young man who limits his palate strictly to non-chocolate items.
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text:
Montmorency County
- Address:
Montmorency County Courthouse, P.O. Box 789
Atlanta, MI 49709
- Email:
- Phone:
- 989-785-8013
Page 1 of 5 pages 1 2 3 > Last ›
Dining with Diabetes
Date: October 22, 2014 - November 19, 2014A series of four classes (with a fifth follow-up session January 21) that provide diabetes and nutrition education, recipe demonstrations, and samples of each recipe prepared.
Location: St. Andrew Episcopal Church, 525 Weiss St. Gaylord, MI 49735
Understanding Tourism for Michigan Communities
Date: October 22, 2014A free program for your organization, group or community to learn about community-based tourism. Explore and discuss the possibilities!
Location: Michigan Works Office, 2389 South M-76, West Branch, MI 48661
I Don't See Color and Other Harmful Statements
Date: October 22, 2014This webinar explores barriers to conversations about race, strategies for engaging in healthy dialogue, and resources for creating settings that are safe, affirming and fair.
Location: Webinar
Getting Started With Vegetable Plasticulture - Webinar
Date: October 22, 2014This webinar is designed to help small acreage producers get started using plasticulture techniques.
Location: Webinar
4-H Proud Equestrian Program Instructor Update
Date: October 25, 2014 - October 26, 2014This conference provides continuing education for current 4-H PEP Program certified instructors.
Location: W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, 3700 E. Gull Lake Drive, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060
Smart Choice for Health Insurance Webinar
Date: October 27, 2014This workshop helps consumers navigate issues involving the Affordable Care Act and how to choose a health insurance plan that makes sense for themselves and their families.
Location: Webinar
Commodity Marketing Update for Grains and Dairy
Date: October 28, 2014Commodity markets are ever changing. This update is a great opportunity to gain current insight on market changes and trends. All are invited to take part.
Location: webinar
2014 Michigan 4-H Poultry Science Teen and Adult Workshop
Date: November 1, 2014 - November 2, 2014The workshop will cover several poultry science related topics such as nutrition, care and management, show techniques, entrepreneurship opportunities and careers.
Location: Kettunen Center, 14901 4-H Drive, Tustin, MI, 49688
Smart Choice for Health Insurance Webinar
Date: November 3, 2014This workshop helps consumers navigate issues involving the Affordable Care Act and how to choose a health insurance plan that makes sense for themselves and their families.
Location: Webinar
National Endowment for High School Financial Planning Program Instructor Training
Date: November 10, 2014This free training will prepare adults to teach the National Endowment for Financial Education High School Financial Planning Program curriculum to teens.
Location: University Center - Gaylord, 80 Livingston Blvd., Gaylord, MI 49735
Find an Expert»
- 4-H Arts
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- 4-H Dairy Cattle Production & Management
- 4-H Horses & Ponies
- 4-H Plant Science
- 4-H Rabbits & Cavies
- 4-H Shooting Sports
- 4-H Youth Mentoring
- Affordable Care Act Roadmap
- Becoming a 4-H volunteer
- Building Early Emotional Skills in Young Children
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- Cottage Food Law
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- N.E. Michigan Great Lakes Stewardship Initiative
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text:
Huge thank you to Wedding Sparrow for featuring this French Inspired Bridal Session! Venue: Bellevue Club Creative Director and Styling: A and B Creative Florals: Twigss Floral Design Gown: Sarah Seven Hair and Make-up: Katie Nash Beauty Model: Angy Williams Paper Suite: Little Miss Press Film Scans by : Photovision
Category Archives: Wedding
Hello! Being that I am in the thick of wedding season, Blogging has been put on the back burner for a while! However, just wanted to share that I post almost daily over on my Instagram page! For the latest previews of my work, head on over! I look forward to sharing this seasons incredible…
Josh + Emily…Franklin, Tennessee Coming soon Kodak Portra 400 Dress: Rue De Seine Florals: LMA Designs Event Design and Coordination: 12th Table
A personal favorite from a recent shoot styled by Rebekah of A & B Creative, and in collaboration with H&MU: Katie Nash katienashbeauty.com Florals: Twigss twigss.com Many more to share soon! Shot on Kodak Portra 800 Film Scan by Photovisions Venue: Bellevue Club, Oakland, CA Dress: Sarah Seven
Huge thank you to Magnolia Rouge Magazine for featuring my images from Patrick and Courtney's Tuscany, Italy Wedding! XO


text:
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Friendly Fires @ Koko
Friendly Fires @ Koko, London, Dec 08
My last concert of 2008 and certainly one of the best (along with Bon Iver, Hot Chip and Sigur Ros).
Here's a last.fm review of last night's gig that perfectly sums it up for me ("I didn't really have any expectations of Friendly Fires' performance. Obviously their album is great but how would that translate to the stage? In the most amazing light and hip gyrating show ever!").
Last night was full of out-of-synch jumping, serious headbanging, bad-but-who-cares singing along (apparently, we're all gonna live in Paris, I promise, I'm on it), profuse sweating, camera flashing and the predicable flying beer cups. I did manage to dodge the beer (for once), but I couldn't escape the attack of FF frontman Macfarlane's armpits….The dood threw himself at me, not once but twice (during "White Diamonds" I think, and then again during "Paris"), and each time, my head ended up completely pressed against his chest so the only way for me to get some fucking air was to move towards the armpit area… not a smart move, I know.
Highlights: "White Diamonds", "Jumping In The Pool", "Paris" and Macfarlane's dance moves (I might steal those from him).
Friendly Fires - White Diamonds
Full set of photos here
Rararioting @ Koko's
I'd like to start by saying that if I have to get back surgery, I'll send the bill to Ra Ra Riot's management. My herniated disc and I had to sustain 2 hours of standing through a DJ set (DJ Mikey Four in the Main Room) that got some uncontrollable back contortions from me (that can't be good for my back, surely), another 30 minutes of an annoying opening act [insert back spams of total disapproval] and then — finally!— an hour or so of rocknrolla, Syracuse style. By the time Ra Ra Riot came on stage, my back and my entire left leg had gone to sleep anyway; not a bad thing, considering that I had made the risky decision to position myself on the front line: that's about a few hundred people plotting your death behind your back. Not good. At one point I got the ritual beer showering treatment but I pretended as if nothing had happened coz, I'm that classy, and also I couldn't turn around without risking a major sciatic trauma.
As for the Ra Ra, they were sensational. I've been a fan since earlier this year and that was based on the handful of songs from their EP. They dropped their first album a couple of weeks ago, and it's excellent, albeit just a predictable extension of that EP I knew and loved already. But I seriously recommend seeing them live. They are 100% into their set and they do the sort of crazy shit to their backs that I can only dream of being able to do myself. Vocalist and front man Wes Miles kept jumping up and down (which makes taking good shots of him a bit challenging) and pounding his chest. Cellist Alexandra Lawn, and violinist Rebecca Zeller are total cuties and they were so into the songs that it was clear to me that all they wanted was to ditch their instruments and join Wes Miles in his jumping frenzy (and chest pounding maybe?).
I know that it's stating the obvious but every single one of their songs sounded much better live. Their set was a bit short (1 hour or so I think) but their repertoire is still limited so fair enough. However, they did not come back for an encore, which left me wanting for more. And I can't for the life of me remember if they played "Suspended in Gaffa" (one of my favourite songs from their album)…I mean, did I miss something? Did those nasty kids finally manage to put me in a coma for an entire song? Oh well… It was great, it was a riot.
Added bonus: Koko. It's the former 'Camden Palace' (the first London venue Madonna ever performed at, back in her 'Everybody' days). Beautiful club/concert venue that has had an impressive line up of musicians. This year alone, they've hosted some of my favourite current bands such as Operator Please, the Ting Tings and MGMT. By the way, the venue's website has a great photo gallery (side note: that cute Koko photographer kept getting in my shots).


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Six Feet Under
American Death Metallers SIX FEET UNDER will embark on a 10-date tour through Germany under the name 'X-Mas In Hell Tour 2014' in December!Read More
Dutch necromantic death metallers AntropomorphiA have just released their new video for 'Nekrovaginal Secretions' from the album 'Rites ov Perversion.' Watch the video now at www.metalblade.com/antropomorphiaRead More
Dan Briggs, Walter Fancourt, and Matt Lynch, the trio behind the brilliant progressive/jazz act Trioscapes will be back on the road for a brief run of dates beginning on November 30th.Read More
Anaal Nathrakh
Anaal Nathrakh's eighth studio offering, Desideratum, is out now in North America via Metal Blade Records. If you missed it, get traumatized by the sounds of Desideratum, still streaming in full at Revolver Magazine HERE.Read More
With the release of 'Deathless', REVOCATION have completely revamped and re-launched their official website. Check it out at http://revocationband.comRead More
New Releases
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Latest News
SHAI HULUD to play European headline tour right after the PROPAGANDHI support tour!
- April 8th, 2013 – American Hardcore veterans SHAI HULUD have...Read More
Swedish Doom Metallers MEMORY GARDEN releases third and final single
- April 8th, 2013 – 'Daughters Of The Sea' of new album ...Read More
King Diamond and Volbeat Release Free Download
- April 5th, 2013 – Volbeat's latest album, "Outlaw...Read More
CATHEDRAL cover issue of Decibel Magazine on newsstands now
- April 4th, 2013 – Final music video, "Tower of Silence",...Read More
PYRITHION releases "The Burden of Sorrow" studio video
- April 3rd, 2013 – "The Burden of Sorrow" to be released...Read More
MOSS, release "Horrible Night", stream track on InvisibleOranges.com!
- April 2nd, 2013 – Southampton, UK doom trio, MOSS have released their...Read More
Sweden's ENTRAILS release "Bloodhammer" from their new album, "Raging Death"
- April 2nd, 2013 – Swedish deathact, ENTRAILS, has released the second...Read More
BETWEEN THE BURIED AND ME return to Europe in the summer for a run of festival and club shows!
- April 2nd, 2013 – American extreme prog giants BETWEEN THE BURIED AND...Read More


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Great service .. I like the way MJM is managed... a easy friendly system. You will be satisfied. I cant wait to have my items reach at my door.Read More ->
Jeff, Brandi and team continue to sell and deliver great magic. A very personable team and a wonderful website. I love it. Everything is always...Read More ->


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Fri, 11/08/2013 - 15:39
Liz Brown, business law professor and author of Life After Law: Finding Work You Love with the J.D. You Have, authors a piece on how lawyers can take a realistic and productive approach to transition into a new career path.
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Wednesday, February 26th, 2014
Vertical Scratchers, "Kingdom Come"
The song itself is fine and catchy, but the clip confuses me: What is that bright thing in the background there? It's like they fucked up on the lighting or something.
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See the products TRUMPF will have on display at FABTECH on Nov 11-13 in Atlanta. TRUMPF will introduce a wide array of new products and technologies, including the world premiere of the TruLaser 2030 fiber laser cutting machine, in addition to new laser cutting, punching and press brake technologies, laser marking, laser welding, and power tools. Visit our FABTECH web site: www.us.trumpf.com
Still Building America: Calling young metalworkers - by Josh Welton
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Songs without words
Songs without words (Piano Solo). Composed by Felix Bartholdy Mendelssohn (1809-1847). Edited by Rudolf Elvers and Rudolph Evers, Ernst Herttrich. For Piano. Piano (Harpsichord), 2-hands. Henle Music Folios. Urtext edition-paper bound. Classical Period. SMP Level 10 (Advanced). Collection. Introductory text, performance notes and fingerings. 181 pages. G. Henle #HN327. Published by G. Henle (HL.51480327).
With introductory text, performance notes and fingerings. Classical Period. 9x12 inches.
This title has selections that range in difficulty from SMP Level 7-10.
About SMP Level 10 (Advanced)
Very advanced level, very difficult note reading, frequent time signature changes, virtuosic level technical facility needed.


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Heading back to my little corner of the universe this week. Quite honestly this image captures my true home, the land of...
Cape Cod
even though i'm not quite ready for winter to be over, i'm just going to leave this right here.
I see NANTUCKET
home tomorrowwww i can't waitt
Cape. Cod.
Oh hello Rhode Island & Cape Cod.
Tumblr theme by Theme Anorak


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
1/2 Photos of Fruit, Nut, and Chicken Salad With Curried Mayo Dressing
Prep Time:
Cook Time:
10 mins
30 mins
A cool, light, summer meal perfect for those days when its too hot to cook. But since the ingredients are available year round you can enjoy it anytime. It goes together fast but tastes like you slaved over it. ;) Creamy, zesty, and pretty on the plate. "Cooking" time is chilling time.
Units: US | Metric
Serving Size: 1 (243 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 6
Your life in the kitchen will never be the same.


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Nielsen's TV year officially starts today with two terrific new 10 p.m. dramas, CBS' "Hostages" and NBC's "The Blacklist, " definitely a DVR alert. And then there's CBS' "Mom," a real train wreck.
Also noteworthy today: "How I Met Your Mother" begins its final season… See the "Modern Family" pilot when nightly syndicated reruns start on Channel 12.2… and see Cincinnati's James and Courtney Riley learn DNA results on the new daytime "Paternity Court."
Here's what is new today, in order of importance:
HOSTAGES (10 p.m., CBS): Jerry Bruckheimer and Jonathan Littman ("CSI") deliver one of my Top 10 new shows, a chilling political drama about a rogue FBI agent (Dylan McDermott, "American Horror Story," "The Practice") taking a doctor (Emmy-winner Toni Collette, "United States of Tara") and her family hostage – then ordering her to kill the president during surgery. Will she or won't she? What's up, Doc? I can't wait to see the next episode.
Quote: "You're going to kill the president of the United States. When this is finished, we'll be in this together…. Don't think of it as killing the president. Think of it as saving your family." – FBI Agent Duncan Carlisle (McDermott) to Dr. Ellen Sanders (Collette).
THE BLACKLIST (10 p.m., NBC): Multiple Emmy nominee James Spader ("The Office," "Boston Legal") is at his wacky best as eccentric fugitive spy Raymond "Red" Reddington, who turns himself in to help the FBI catch the most notorious criminals. The catch: He only wants to speak to a rookie FBI profiler Elizabeth Keen (Megan Boone, "Law & Order: Los Angeles"). They become fall TV's most interesting odd couple.
Quote: "I'm going to make you famous Lizzy… Understand that (terrorist Ranko) Zamani was only the first name on my list. I call it the Blacklist. It's my wish list – politicians, mobsters, hackers, spies – a list I've been cultivating for over 20 years." –Red Reddington to Keen.
MOM (9:30 p.m., CBS): Anna Faris plays a newly sober single mother working as a Napa Valley waitress who can't please her demanding mother (Allison Janney), who returns to her life.
What a mess! Not just these women's lives, but the entire show from Chuck Lorre (Big Bang Theory, Two And A Half Men). It's filled with cliché characters, one after another. I thought they were going for a "Roseanne" feel, but this show lacks the underlying warmth and humor. Bring back "Mike & Molly" (delayed by CBS till midseason).
Quotes: "2004 was a great year for wine. Not so much for me." –Christy (Anna Faris), sober now for 118 days.
"I've become the kind of woman I've always hated." – Bonnie (Allison Janney), Christy's mother, about joining a book club and exercising daily now that she's clean and sober.
PATERNITY COURT (2 p.m., Channel 12.2): After taking a DNA test, James Riley of Cincinnati appears with his wife Courtney before TV judge Lauren Lake to learn is he's the father of her 4-month-old son.
MODERN FAMILY (7 & 7:30 p.m., Channel 12.2): Syndicated reruns staring with the 2009 pilot begin tonight on the CW Cincinnati station. Reruns also will air on USA Network starting Tuesday (8-11 p.m. Tuesday; 8-9 p.m. Wednesday-Thursday; 8-11 p.m. Friday; and 9-11 p.m. Sunday). Fifth season premieres on ABC 9-10 p.m. Wednesday.
Dancing with the Stars (8-10 p.m., ABC): First results for Mason native Brant Daugherty.
How I Met Your Mother (8 p.m.,CBS): One-hour premiere for final season. This could be legendary!
The Voice (8-10 p.m., NBC): Season premiere.
Two Broke Girls (9 p.m., CBS): Season premiere.
Sleepy Hollow (9 p.m., Fox): Second episode.
"Castle (10 p.m., ABC): Will she or won't she on the 6th season premiere? Last season ended in May with Richard Castle on bended knee proposing to Kate.
Esquire Network (Time Warner Channel 329, 1329): NBC rebrands the G4 cable channel as the Esquire Network with a two-hour launch special about the 80th anniversary of Esquire magazine. The channel also will carry reruns of NBC's "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon," "Parks and Recreation" and "Psych" and "Burn Notice" from sister USA Network.
Posted in: Local Events, Local Media, Television
Tags: Allison Janney, Courtney Riley, Hostages, James Riley, James Spader, Modern Family, The Blacklist


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Posts from UK
Jane's Patterned Family Pad in London
House Tour
Name: Jane and Alex Bonsor, and children Cosmo, Hope and Albert
Location: Notting Hill, London, United Kingdom
Size: 2,600 square feet
Years lived in: 2 years; Owned
A black-and-white-tiled entrance is typical of many houses in London, and a charming design signature of this city. In the case of Jane Bonsor's Notting Hill home, however, it also gives a clue as to what you'll find inside: a whole lot of bold pattern.
Cassandra Belanger at The Stitchery Studio, Glasgow
Workspace Tour
Name: Cassandra Belanger Macindoe, The Stitchery
Location: West End; Glasgow, Scotland
Size: 250 square feet
Years lived in: 2 1/2 years; Rented
Cassandra runs The Stitchery Studio, a creative sewing space, from the Victorian tenement flat she shares with her husband, Matthew, and their four year old son, August. Together they adopt a 'make do and mend' attitude that extends far beyond Cassandra's latest darning project.
Meet the Maker: Maria & Ekaterina Yaschuk of Meystyle
Sisters Maria and Ekaterina Yaschuk work together in a South London studio, designing and creating stunning LED and crystal encrusted wallpapers and fabrics for their company Meystyle. They do everything in house, from the initial concepts and hand drawn designs to the printing, additional hand painting, and application of tiny lights and crystals.
Wilfryd's Bright, Colorful Room
My Room
Chloe's Stylish West London Home
House Tour
Name: Chloe Macintosh of Made.com, her husband Alastair Macintosh, and their sons Felix and Elliott
Location: Fulham; London, UK
Size: 3,800 square feet
Years lived in: 3 years; owned
Chloe Macintosh's West London home is a light-filled oasis, a world away from the mid-winter gloom outside. It has a glamorous, 1960s jet set vibe, and the giant Slim Aarons poolside photographs set a mood of relaxed elegance. Much of the furniture is from Chloe's own company, Made.com, which she set up after leaving her job as an architect. Other pieces are sourced from London, Paris and India.
Shopping in London: January Furniture Sales & Events
A Fantastic London Flat in the Shadow of Big Ben
House Call
I'm experiencing an definite mix of emotions over this home: envy, jealousy, but mostly pure admiration! I discovered this amazing submission in my inbox today - a beautifully designed and decorated flat in central London. Here's the story from JP: The flat is located in a small Edwardian mansion block on a square in central London and enjoys not just the view of Big Ben, but also its chimes. It was bought a year ago and it was gutted: from a typical London flat with lots of small rooms which had not been renovated for 50 years into a modern open-plan home.
Jane and Rob's Inspiring London Townhouse
House Tour
Name: Jane Kellock, co-founder of The Women's Room Blog, with Robert Soar, Jack (age 19), and Flo (age 17).
Location: Stoke Newington, Hackney, London
Size: 4 bedroom terraced house
Years lived in: 20, owned
When Jane and Rob moved into their terraced townhouse in Stoke Newington twenty years ago, there was only one restaurant on the high street. They clearly chose their area well as now it is one of the most creative, bustling and interesting parts of London.
West Elm Comes to London
The news in London this Fall has been all about the launch of J.Crew, but for those who prefer to shop for their home rather than their closet, another exciting shop has come across the pond! West Elm just launched a brand new store on Tottenham Court Road, the main drag for super sized furniture stores.
Chris and Sam's Elegant Family Duplex in Edinburgh
House Tour
Name: Sam, Chris, Madeleine and Maggie
Location: New Town; Edinburgh, Scotland
Size: 3,000 square feet
Years lived in: 1 1/2 years; Owned
From the moment you walk through the front door into the spacious and grand, grey hall, this family home is elegant and beautiful. Chris holds up his hands and tells me firmly that it is "all down to Sam."


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mailing list archives
Is there an easy way to migrate an existing network running IBGP full mesh
to a
Condederation based configration. Any documentation that I have come across
states that current BGP configs need to be redone and all peering
relationships must torn down and rebuilt. Any addtional info/links regarding
confederations would be appreciated
By Date
By Thread


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nice , i got cc3 for xmas - yeah for me lol, so i will have a go
But I really do like it. I have most of the addon's for it too.
It's fun to play with. I know I'm not a map designer, but I do like to "fiddle". it's great for my online D&D games though.
User of:
CC2 & CC3, FT Pro Exclusively.
If it's ProFantasy, I'm using it.
Daniel the Neon Knight: Campaign Cartographer User
Never use a big word when a diminutive one will suffice!
Any questions on CC3? Post them with CC3 in the Subject Line!
MY 'FAMOUS' CC3 MAPS: Thunderspire; Pyramid of Shadows; King of the Trollhaunt Warrens; Demon Queen's Enclave
I think the font looks good. Sure, it's been used in a lot of places for a lot of stuff, but that's because it's so nifty looking. It's clean, easily readable, and its flavor fits the setting.
User of:
CC2 & CC3, FT Pro Exclusively.
If it's ProFantasy, I'm using it.
It's a good map overall, and does a good job of showcasing CC3's ability. The only thing that I don't care for that much is the roads. They are a little too intense for my taste. I would like them to be maybe a little thinner, and fade into the background a bit.


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Messier-Bugatti Leads 'More Electric Aircraft' Project
Landing gear maker Messier-Bugatti hosted the launch meeting for the distributed and redundant electrical nose gear steering system (DRESS) project on June 26 and 27 at its corporate headquarters in Vélizy-Villacoublay, near Paris. Chosen by the European Commission as part of the sixth framework research and development program, the DRESS project counts as members Messier-Bugatti, Messier-Dowty, Airbus UK, Saab, five European universities and several research organizations. The endeavor falls within the scope of research into more electric aircraft, as well as airport automatic navigation. The electrical nose gear steering system will support future automatic runway navigation systems on aircraft, ensuring smoother ground traffic flows, avoiding runway incursions and allowing the airplane to safely taxi even in heavy fog.
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Add excitment to your entryway with these awe-inspiring front door designs.
Highlight or hide the contents of your closet with the right closet doors.
Customize your sliding closet doors to be a perfect fit for your home, family and lifestyle.


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This bibliography is the best selection of books about things that you can make yourself.
Not only design and technique. You will also find some books about the history or collections where you will find inspiration for your projects. And some theory needed to deep in the knowledge and use.
The pages with the listings of books contain lots of pictures and updated information. Depending on your connexion to the Internet, they can take quite long to be downloaded. Please, be patient.
Get more info or buy a book
How the books are classified
In the left margin of all the pages, you can find two classifications: General knowledge and techniques and Projects (objects to make).


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Diaspora Diaries 22.01.13
Alex Bell looks at the ongoing problem of child smuggling, after six more Zimbabwean children were smuggled across the South African border recently. Diana Zimbudzana from the Zimbabwe Exiles Forum says many Zim parents in SA can't afford to be legally reunited with their kids because of the cost of permits. Bulawayo MP Tabitha Khumalo meanwhile warns that children are becoming increasingly vulnerable because of the breakdown of family units across the country.
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