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StatusThe space is currently Empty.
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Get Involved!Why not check out the Mailing List come say Hi in IRC where we tend to idle, follow us on twitter, Facebook, Google+, or look at the contact page for more info.
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Category Archives: 3D Printers
Flying Squirrel
Our 3D printer (a stretched Mendel Max) has recently got to the point where it works. To test this we ended up printing a selection of squirrels (currently posing on our webcam). We started with the medium sized white squirrel, … Continue reading
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MendelMax Upgrade
Our MendelMax 3D printer hasn't even printed anything yet (The first extruder we fitted was unfortunately far from serviceable, and we're still awaiting some parts for the replacement – a tried and tested design) but we've upgrading parts on it … Continue reading
Posted in 3D Printers, Projects Leave a comment
OggCamp, Printers and Pi
We've had a busy couple of months since my last update, with more new faces (more members are always welcome, there's still plenty of room!) and some great progress on one of our larger projects. 18th/19th of August brought OggCamp … Continue reading
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When 3D Printing Goes Wrong
Inconsistent Flow Rate by j_ridley2000 One of the best thing about the hacker/hackspace community is the willingness to share mistakes. And one the best examples is the The Art Of 3D Print Failure group on Flickr. A small group of … Continue reading
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RepRap 3D Printer Projects
What if you could build a machine which can build a copy of it's self? The RepRap project is aiming for just that. But what is it? The current version of the RepRap is a rapid prototyping 3D printer which … Continue reading
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text: AndroidPIT Forum - Thread "how do i dow.load app?" This feed contains the most recent forum posts at www.androidpit.com in the thread "how do i dow.load app?". urn:androidpit:forum:thread:0032658653ffb6b9347fd2d6206fe7bb 2012-11-24T02:15:54Z 2012-11-24T02:15:54Z how do i dow.load app? Catherine North urn:androidpit:forum:post:1e7380216acf77c78c8222a0cbd2b915 2012-11-24T02:15:54Z 2012-11-24T02:15:54Z Before I signed in, the install button was right below the app. After signing in, it changed to "to the market" and it won't let me download the app no matter what I do. Can you help? Catherine North 2012-11-24T02:15:54Z

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Narrow your search
The world's largest chipmaker by sales continued to post stronger numbers in its PC and data-center businesses, but its mobile unit posted just $1 million in revenue and another huge loss.
The payments company wants merchants to capitalize on overseas shopping trends like China's "Singles' Day," the biggest e-commerce holiday of the year.
Steve Jobs biographer Walter Isaacson makes some predictions on why the tech giant is said to be looking to buy the high-end headphones maker.
During Marissa Mayer's tenure as CEO, Yahoo has acquired many companies. But Mayer singled out the artificial intelligence service Aviate for its potential to help the company make big ad bucks on mobile.
BlackBerry CEO John Chen says his recent comments were taken out of context.
Microsoft is readying a new Enterprise Mobility Suite bundle to help business users better manage the Android, iOS, and Windows devices workers bring to the office, sources say.
After Google drastically slashes prices on its cloud storage monthly plans, it's now a matter of time before the other major players react.
The online giant wants to give small and midsize physical retailers a checkout system that uses its Kindle tablets, The Wall Street Journal reports.
The former Twitter exec said his latest venture was never meant to be a company.
The discount airline CEO says Google's project "blows the competition out of the water."


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Now use your phone as a secure door-key
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Secure IT have developed security software to enable the use of Android smartphones for access control.
On show at the CeBIT trade fair in Hannover this week, the software enables the process to be 'locked down', with the ability to both revoke keys and delegate them to others.
The ability to use an NFC or Bluetooth-enabled phone as a key in place of a contactless smartcard is not essentially new, acknowledged Fraunhofer's Prof Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, but the ability to secure those virtual keys, protect them from malware, and make them work more like real keys, does represent a step forward, he claimed.
"One very nice property of our Key2Share app is the ability to delegate keys," Sadeghi added. "For example, you could allow a colleague access to your office or the building manager access to your apartment, with the ability to set validity limits so they only have access for a specific time period. Keys can be transferred by email, 2D barcode, and so on. They can also be revoked remotely, for instance when someone leaves a company, or disabled during vacations."
Sadeghi revealed that Fraunhofer – which is primarily a research organisation – is working with Bosch to productise the technology. He suggested that applications might include lockers at parcel pick-up stations, hotels, and car sharing schemes, and noted the importance of using very short-range sensors to ensure that the user really is present.
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Holiday rentals near Vanves
To calculate the total price, just enter the details below then click 'Get total'.
Find a rental near Vanves
- Paris (4 miles)
- Boulogne-Billancourt (2 miles)
- Issy-les-Moulineaux (1 miles)
- Neuilly-sur-Seine (4 miles)
- Courbevoie (6 miles)
- Levallois-Perret (5 miles)
- Vincennes (7 miles)
- Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (4 miles)
- Puteaux (5 miles)
- Montreuil (7 miles)
Explore Vanves
Locate in the suburbs of Paris, only 5.6 km from the centre of Paris, Vanves is a commune, located to the southwest of the romantic city. One of the things which makes Vanves such a popular destination with tourists, especially as somewhere to stay, is the fact that it is located so close to the hub of this famous city. It is also very well connected, meaning commuting into the capital in France is extremely simple, with the Paris Metro Line serving here, via the 'Plateau de Vanves' train station.
Renting holiday accommodation in Vanves
Accommodation in Vanves is of the same high quality that you would find in Paris, but for a margin of the price. Renting your own holiday accommodation such as the apartments in Vanves offered via HouseTrip, not only will you be getting great value for money, but the upmost in privacy and space, which is something you would definitely not be treated to if you were to stay in a hotel. Another attractive factor of renting your own Vanves apartment is that the family will all be together, and it will serve as a kind of home from home, meaning you will also be more relaxed and content during your stay here.
Where to stay in Vanves
Vanves really is the prime location when it comes to visiting France – especially if you are interested in visiting Paris. Famous for being one of the most interesting cities in the world to visit, Paris offers a multitude of activities to enjoy, from climbing its signature landmark, the Eiffel tower, to visiting its fascinating and sophisticated art galleries such as the Lambert Yvon Galerie, and he La Maison Rouge. Of course much of Paris' cosmopolitan charm comes with its amazing and varied shopping, and classy street side cafés and patisseries. Paris really is a tourists dream, with so many places of interest to visit to, such as the Arc de Triomphe, and the unique centre Georges Pompidou, which are sure to keep you entertained for hours.
Vanves with the family
Being in such close proximity to the family favourite destination of Paris makes Vanves the best place for a family vacation. Head towards the city lights and you will find an array of activities to suit every member of the brood. Why not spend the day visiting the museum of natural history, which is sure to enthral and excite not only the children, but the adults too. And of course, no trip to Paris would be complete without visiting the revered Eiffel Tower and gazing from its heights at the city mapped out below. Paris also offers many restaurants, bars and clubs, so any teenagers in the family definitely won't be bored either!


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The Kalamazoo Speedway is back in action this Saturday night, May 11 with a Full 5 in 1 Show featuring the "Cool 101 Shootout" for the Outlaw Super Late Models. Jeff Ganus leads the standings but seeks redemption after being passed for the victory in the final corner this week. Mike "Bubba" Brooks will try to propel momentum into a second consecutive victory and cut into Ganus's point lead. 2012 NASCAR Whelen All-American Series Outlaw Super Late Model champion Brian Bergakker will look to break into victory lane for the first time in 2013, as will Mark Shook, Billy Shannon and several others. In addition to the Outlaw's the Super Stocks and Pro Stocks will be back in action, as will the Mini Stocks, running "Mini Stock Madness Presented by 92.5 the ZUU". The always competitive Cyber Stocks will complete the program. The Michiana Vintage Cars will also be on hand to turn some demonstration laps and take fans down memory lane. For more information on Kalamazoo Speedway visit www.kalamazoospeedway.com.
Saturday – May 11 – Full 5-in-1 Show Featuring the "Cool 101 Shootout" for the Outlaw Super Late Models
May 6, 2013 by Leave a Comment


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Constitutional Law
Guess what? You don't get something for nothing, whether you're an individual, a company or a society (the only exceptions to this are, of course, financial institutions). Americans went on a mortgage binge the world had never seen before and now the hangover is pretty bad. What a surprise!!!
Anon you should spend some time researching this issue. Its much much more than foreclosure paperwork problems. More like institutional fraud.
I think Amir Efrati of the WSJ said it best in 2007 on this Law Blog when referring to a foreclosure battle " Is this all about a legal system at work, or not working? Discuss it here"
Truck holds no sympathy for a mortgagee who has defaulted. But the entire sustem of recording transparantly a morgage and a note has collapsed so that no prospective buyer or title insuance company can rely on the public record. Centuries of property law was "privatized" by the banks. So who should get the money from teh sale of teh foreclosed properties? No one knows for sure.
Acting on the impulse to maximize profits by avoiding payment of fees to county governments much of the national residential mortgage market shifted to the new proxy recording system in only a few years. Now about 60% of the nation's residential mortgages are recorded in the name of MERS, Inc. rather than the bank, trust, or company that actually has a meaningful economic interest in the repayment of the debt. For the first time in the nation's history, there is no longer an authoritative, public record of who owns land in each county.
This is just another reason to privatize the clogged "justice system". In addition, Banks should not have to go through any formal procedure to foreclose on a home. Bank of America should be able to simply contact the local sheriff and kick out the deadbeats with a simple phone call. I think we can all agree that would be a much more efficient procedure.
"This is just another reason to privatize the clogged "justice system". In addition, Banks should not have to go through any formal procedure to foreclose on a home. Bank of America should be able to simply contact the local sheriff and kick out the deadbeats with a simple phone call. I think we can all agree that would be a much more efficient procedure."
Following your logic, Bank of America could define you to be a deadbeat (no proof necessary), foreclose on your house (no proof necessary that they have that right – and banks have done that) even if your house is paid for (banks have also done that) and take your car as well (paid for or not).
I'm doubting that Tort Reform is actually an American. He clearly does not believe in the Constitution, which very clearly requires 'due process'. Sounds more like someone from a fourth-world dictatorship describing how business and law are handled there.
There should be no "due process" for deadbeats. The sooner we streamline the foreclosure process the better off our banks will be. People who cannot honor their agreements to pay on time should be kicked into the street or made to live with relatives. Personal responsibility cannot be shrugged off by delaying the pain of repossession with the excuse of "due process".
You just don't get it do you?
Personal responsibility? "due process"? That works both ways. For both parties.
You ought to spend a few days reading/researching the issues of this topic. So that you'll understand whats really going on.
You might also look at CDOs and potential MBS investor revolt.
10:42 pm – Your assumption is the banks had no idea their borrowers were potential deadbeats. When banks make "no doc" loans and the borrowers default, whose fault is that?
Regardless of what's going on here, does anyone take issue with banks framing this mortgage paperwork issue as nothing more than a mere "technicality?" If you've ever represented a major company in litigation, a lot of their arguments on summary judgment or motions to dismiss are based on mere "technicalities," which are often legally sound arguments. If banks and major companies can routinely use mere "technicalities" as an argument, why can't other people whose name does not end with "Inc."? At the end of the day, the law is just that, merely a technicality. We can get into the issue of due process and "deadbeat" mortgage borrowers, but there is something fundamentally wrong with this system of law if mere "technicalities" can only be used in litigation by major corporations.
Basically, this entire thing is over the marketability of the title on property.
The bank spin is deadbeat borrowers. But that is a side issue. The real issue is the marketability of the title. Should the banks lose that fight, its over as far as their investment in real estate (including CDOs) is concerned. And DOWN go the prices; no one will buy anything at any price without a clear title.
Real estate is local, the federal gov't can not overturn hundreds of years of local and state property laws without destroying the entire fabric that this country is based on. Either than banks win and the states are destroyed or the states win and its over for the banks. I'll pick the states (and local gov't) on this one.
My dear Madam at 12:48, you are the one who does not get it. Debtors either pay their bill or vacate the house. It belongs to the bank. Private property rights and the banks using the power of the state, the local sheriff, to enforce their rights is as American as apple pie. The fact that you suggest that I "spend a few days reading/researching the issues of this topic" sounds to me like an invitation to complication. Pay the bill, keep the house. Miss the payment, move out. It really is that simple. I'll bet you're even a Democrat. In the real world, people are Republicans and live up to their personal responsibility. I wonder where I could find a reference that tells me if someone fails to pay their bill they are still entitled the house. Do you have one for me?
Doesn't it bother you that the bank foreclosing on the house might not have valid, legal proof at all that " It belongs to the bank "?
Providing that proof is " as American as apple pie " and has been for many, many years (centuries, in fact).
There is nothing complicated at all. The foreclosing bank must provide the proof. It really is that simple.
And yes, the banks must live up to their own personal responsibility as well. Contrary to the title of this thread, the foreclosure mess did not cause the paper jam. The paper jam has been in esistence for the past 5 years (actually, likely much longer than that). The foreclosures only exposed the bank failures.
. . . . . banks have difficulty providing proof . . . . . one just needs to look at the court files . . . .
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"We're eye doctors."
"What's something about the eye that most people don't realize?"
"The eye doesn't see. The brain sees. The eye just transmits. So what we see isn't only determined by what comes through the eyes. What we see is affected by our memories, our feelings, and by what we've seen before."
(via catlanta23)


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Deluxe Trinity Costume
Authentic Matrix Costumes
(Item #MTRX06)
In Stock and Ready to Ship!
This item is not yet available:
About this product
Description:Deluxe Trinity Costume from The Matrix - This deluxe Trinity Costume includes a long black vinyl overcoat and sunglasses. The Trinity Costume Overcoat has a zipper from chest to waist. Underclothes not included. The Trinity Costume is available in size Adult and will fit up to size 8.
The Trinity Costume is P/U Leather. Hand wash cool water. Line dry. No bleach.
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This Matrix Albino Twin costume wig and headpiece creates a high forehead and has long blonde dreadlocks attached. The Matrix Albino Twin Wig is available in size Adult Standard. This Matrix Albino Twin Wig is an officially licensed Matrix costume accessory.


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Ophthalmologists in Portland, MEContact Dr. Cady
Dr. Robert Cady specializes in ophthalmology in Portland, Maine.
Dr. Robert Cady has been compared 37 times. Details of Dr. Cady's 15 years experience as an MD, his hospital affiliation and education at SUNY Upstate Medical University are available on your free doctor report.
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Be the first to rate and review Dr. Robert Cady by clicking the following button.
Dr. Robert Cady identified specializing in Ophthalmology.
A hospital affiliation covers any doctor who has an affiliation, association or admitting privilege with a hospital. A doctor's particular affiliation to a specific hospital can translate to the overall quality of that provider.
Dr. Cady is affiliated with 1 hospital:
Dr. Cady attended medical school at SUNY Upstate Medical University College of Medicine and graduated in 1999 having 15 years experience.
While there is no proven correlation between the quality of one's educational institution and the quality of one's professional competence, it is often an indicator. Medical schools have various levels of selectivity (some are harder to get into than others), and both the quality of their clinical training and level of research are measured. Additional medical training in both residency and fellowships and the facilities they are conducted at also provide a history of the doctors' level of training and experience.
Patients may also know Dr. Robert Cady MD as:
Eyecare Medical Group, 53 Sewall St, Portland, ME 04102
195 Fore River Pkwy, Suite 480 Portland, ME 04102
Eyecare Medical Group, 53 Sewall St, Portland, ME 04102
Eyecare Medical Group, 53 Sewall St, Portland, ME 04102
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Streams in the Desert - March 30
Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand; ye shall lie down in sorrow" (Isa. 50:11).
What a solemn warning to those who walk in darkness and yet who try to help themselves out into the light. They are represented as kindling a fire, and compassing themselves with sparks. What does this mean?
Why, it means that when we are in darkness the temptation is to find a way without trusting in the Lord and relying upon Him. Instead of letting Him help us out, we try to help ourselves out. We seek the light of nature, and get the advice of our friends. We try the conclusions of our reason, and might almost be tempted to accept a way of deliverance which would not be of God at all.
All these are fires of our own kindling; rushlights that will surely lead us onto the shoals. And God will let us walk in the light of those sparks, but the end will be sorrow.
Beloved, do not try to get out of a dark place, except, in God's time and in God's way. The time of trouble is meant to teach you lessons that you sorely need. Premature deliverance may frustrate God's work of grace in your life. Just commit the whole situation to Him. Be willing to abide in darkness so long as you have His presence.
Remember that it is better to walk in the dark with God than to walk alone in the light.
--The Still Small Voice
Cease meddling with God's plans and will. You touch anything of His, and you mar the work. You may move the hands of a clock to suit you, but you do not change the time; so you may hurry the unfolding of God's will, but you harm and do not help the work. You can open a rosebud but you spoil the flower. Leave all to Him. Hands down. Thy will, not mine.
--Stephen Merritt
God bade me go when I would stay
('Twas cool within the wood);
I did not know the reason why.
I heard a boulder crashing by
Across the path where I stood.
He bade me stay when I would go;
"Thy will be done," I said.
They found one day at early dawn,
Across the way I would have gone,
A serpent with a mangled head.
No more I ask the reason why,
Although I may not see
The path ahead, His way I go;
For though I know not, He doth know,
And He will choose safe paths for me.
--The Sunday School Times
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LEE COUNTY, Fla.- Winn Dixie is helping to fight hunger in Southwest Florida. The grocer just presented a check to the Harry Chapin Food Bank that will provide more than 15,000 meals to local families in need.
Volunteers are currently stocking shelves at the Harry Chapin Food Bank. Next week, they'll have a lot more to do, when Winn Dixie delivers 20,000 pounds of food.
Winn Dixie directors presented the Harry Chapin Food Bank with a check for the food. The company, vendors and customers all chipped in. In November, the grocer set up tear pads at their checkout counters, where customers could donate any amount of money they'd like to the food bank and in two months, the Winn Dixie Hunger Relief program brought in enough donations for 15,000 meals.
The Harry Chapin Food Bank supplies food to more than 170 pantries across Southwest Florida.


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Browse by Creator
Group by: Item Type | No Grouping | Creators | Date
Jump to: Article | Conference or Workshop Item
Number of items: 3.
Bassett, K., Griffiths, R. and Smith, I. (2002) Testing governance: Partnerships, planning and conflict in waterfront regeneration. Urban Studies, 39 (10). pp. 1757-75.
Conference or Workshop Item
Griffiths, R. (2003) Expanding the public sphere: Cultural action and the city. In: Presented at the Network Society: New Context for Planning, AESOP/ACSP third Joint Congress, Leuven, Belgium, 8-12th July 2003.
Griffiths, R. (2003) What is research-led teaching? Some conceptual distinctions. In: Paper presented at Building the Link: Integrating Teaching with Research and Practice in the Built Environment, Wadham College, Oxford, 8-10th September 2003..
This list was generated on Sun Oct 26 02:39:13 2014 GMT.


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Drew Barrymore Welcomes a Baby Girl!
Congratulations to Drew Barrymore -- the actress just welcomed her second baby girl with husband Will Kopelman!
Congratulations to Drew Barrymore -- the actress just welcomed her second baby girl with husband Will Kopelman!
Ed Sheeran has toured North America as Taylor Swift's opening act, but now he's getting ready to do it on his own.
Thank you, Rita Ora. Zac Efron and his sun-kissed abs in 'That Awkward Moment' may have won him the golden bucket of popcorn for Best Shirtless Performance at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards, but it was the blonde British singer who gave us all a treat by ripping off his blue button-down shirt to reveal his award-winning body at the awards ceremony.
While the 2014 MTV Movie Awards and a major 'Game of Thrones' episode were raging on, the first 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' TV spot hit the web, offering up new footage of the turtles in action and our first look at their master, Splinter! ...
'The Amazing Spider-Man 2' is opening internationally weeks before it hits the American market, which means that today offered the first tweets and reviews of the movie. And with a number of reports in it's fair to say the film, which stars Andrew Garfield, Emma Stone, Jamie Foxx, and Dane DeHaan, is not being greeted with the same enthusiasm that 'Captain America: The Winter Soldier' was, that's for sure.
Sure, it's always a good idea to wait awhile before you Meet the Parents, but 12 years? That's how long Enrique Iglesias has been dating former tennis pro Anna Kournikova, and she still hasn't met his famous father, Julio Iglesias.
Insert your own "when it rains, it pours" joke right here. Darren Aronofsky's instantly controversial biblical epic 'Noah' overcame mixed buzz to win the box office this weekend, catering to both religious audiences and film buffs who like weird movies from unique, picky directors. But all was not well for everyone -- the latest film from a certain Hollywood action legend got washed away in 'Noah''s success.
In what had become an inevitability at this point with the insanely rising box office numbers, Disney's smash hit animated film 'Frozen' has now become the highest grossing animated film of all time, usurping former crown holder 'Toy Story 3,' which held the title since 2010. And judging by these numbers and the love for the film, it doesn't look like 'Frozen' is going to "Let It Go" so easily.
When Disney made that big purchase of Lucasfilm way back when, not only did it encompass the beloved 'Star Wars' franchise, but also 'Indiana Jones,' the latter of which is easily forgettable as the long-gestating 'Indiana Jones 5' has shied away from headlines recently. However, with Disney set to distribute any potential new installments of the Harrison Ford-led films, more are likely on the way, but the latest word on the street is that Ford could bow out of the title role in favor of a younger newcomer to fill his shoes, perhaps even Bradley Cooper.
Earlier this year, we saw what Renny Harlin's version of 'Hercules' looked like with 'Twilight' star Kellan Lutz in the title role, but now it's time for the strongman to take center stage. Brett Ratner is at the helm of this new adaptation of the 'Hercules' story with Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson in the role he was born to play.
If the main goal of 'Divergent' was to snag a large portion of the audience for 'The Hunger Games,' it looks like it succeeded. Although it didn't reach the absurd heights of Katniss' two movies, Shailene Woodley's dystopian adventure effortlessly nabbed the number one spot and, unless something bad happens next week, announced the arrival of a new big franchise.
Following the tragic death of star Paul Walker, 'Fast and Furious 7' delayed production, but now the film is revving up its engines once again to finish shooting. Questions arose before regarding how director James Wan and his production team would handle Walker's remaining scenes on the film, and now we may have some answers: with the help of a little CGI.


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Our mathematics courses use various supporting math or statistical software. This folder archives support files for our computer algebra system Maple, which is a required package for the science and engineering calculus, differential equations and linear algebra sequence:
Maple is also useful in some other advanced courses [see Cartography at its own site]. Folders for each of these courses have example worksheets or other materials. Almost all these files were created by bob jantzen and Klaus Volpert. You may browse the entire contents of these folders. Most of the worksheets are classic interface .mws files, but gradually many will be converted to Maple 10 or higher Standard .mw files.
The two top level folders are:
For some of you, the Maple Student Help Center might prove useful. It offers on-line help: "Get real answers from real people" "within hours" for homework problems by posting your questions on the on-line Forum. Free registration at Maple Primes is required for access.


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Frederick Co. house fire extinguished
Daily staff report
A house fire in Frederick County was extinguished quickly by county fire and rescue responders Wednesday evening.
The blaze, at 322 Caldwell Lane, caused "extensive damage," according to Frederick County Fire and Rescue responder Gary Pearson.
The fire was originally called out at 7:23 p.m. Pearson said that the fire was under control and extinguished five minutes after responders reached the scene.


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4 things your PPC campaign should never lack
Posted on 13. Apr, 2012 by Sandra D'Onofrio in Digital Marketing
Forget millions of keywords, forget thousands of pieces of adcopy, here's 4 things you need to make your paid search campaign successful:
1. An updated product, availability and price feed
There's nothing worse than finding your way to a website only to realize the product you were looking for is out of stock or only available at a different price.
This experience annoys users and is ultimately brand damaging. Plus you've just spent money on those clicks!
An updated feed that interacts directly with your paid search campaigns to stop, boost or change them as relevant, will avoid wasting money and annoy customers.
2. Negative keywords
There's terms you simply don't want to appear for: unless you're giving away stuff, any search containing "free" is a waste of money, of course. And there's lots of those searches!
You also don't want to mislead users by advertising on products or services you don't actually offer or have available.
There is no way to completely automate the process: refreshing negative keyword lists is a (painful) manual job that needs the human eye to avoid silly mistakes. However, regularly updating the negative keywords list is an effective way to save money on unnecessary clicks, while protecting your brand against negative associations.
3. Test, test and test again
You can try things on paid search. Quickly. If something doesn't work – a new keyword, a different set of adcopies or landing pages – you can revert things back. All it'll cost you is a couple of days budget. And you might find some hidden gems.
A simple testing strategy will make a whole world of difference: try one thing at a time, give your test enough time to accumulate statistically significant data, discard what's not working, further improve what's working.
4. A good conversion funnel
Ultimately it's about getting users to perform the actions you want them to perform: whether it's leaving their details, buying a product, downloading a white paper, signing up for a news letter, you want to make sure incoming traffic is not wasted, lost, puzzled, unhappy.
Although this is not something you'll be able to affect through paid search only, it is one of the most important to run a successful campaign. Think of what a great difference it would make to your ROI if that conversion rate was just that 0.1% higher!


text:
Weedstem 13: Whoa Many Mermaids
For the last 13 summers straight GC crew has gathered in the name of doing whatever the F$$$ we like to do. Hanging with the crew. Jamming tunes. Being wild. Sharing ideas, art, food, tents, sleeping bags, rivers, lakes, and sometimes accidentally really hot & dry fields. Come hang this year if you can make it. Cuttman's gonna do a front flip in this bitch.
Tempe. STLB3 in the mix @ Art A Gogh Gogh!
Tucson. E_Rupt X T-Top X Shaun Harris X Bell Biv Cousteau.
Tucson. Think Tank Block Party II.
Attention Party – Hosted by BANGS
Bangs. Have you seen him lately? Is he good? Heard he was at the Kanuchi house. Saw him in front of Powells, had to roll too intense. Met him on the max, read his book, pretty fucking cool. Think he's down in Cali. Biking? Hiking? Driving?
Whatever your recent Bangs experience… add this to the list. He is throwing an Attention Party at the Firkin Tavern in Portland OR on Tuesday, October 8th. Go there. Get out the box for a weird Tuesday.
Portland. The Cool Time Millionaires Click.
Illslur + Sunday Grip – Float Momma
"Momma I'm coming home"
This is a new tape and digi EP from two good buds.
Want a physical: get one dumm dumm! email@example.com.
Check out some really cool artwork and pics at http://floatmomma.tumblr.com
Props to Valvo for life.


text: Greetings, I need all heavy fighters that are or think they may be attending Gulf War to contact me ASAP. We need a head count (no Aaron, not you ;-). Also, anyone want to have a practice Sunday after Crescent Wrench? Thanks, Sir Britta westernkm at yahoo.com --------------------------------- Do you Yahoo!? Take Yahoo! Mail with you! Get it on your mobile phone. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lists.ansteorra.org/pipermail/bonwicke-ansteorra.org/attachments/20050114/9e141f54/attachment.htm


text:
APRIL 15, 2012 How can your company consistently fail to provide a "simple service" year after year after year? Every year thousands of people are seasonal customers in Florida and each and every year they request for their service to be turned on and then 6 months later turned off or better known as put on SEASONAL. All of us either experience this once or in my case twice during this annual migration. I refer to twice meaning that I have to deal separately (this is so stupid) with each Comcast location both in WV and Florida using two separate phone numbers, account numbers, and contact information. In both instances it rarely takes one phone call to accomplish this task. I have had everything from sitting on a hold key for one hour (missing one of my favorite TV shows because never anticipated it would take one hour) only to be told by the agent that finally answered that she was in Palm Beach and had no clue how to put my service on seasonal so could I please call back? What........are you thinking? Having accomplished nothing I was pleased to find an insert in our local paper the next day that said you can now go on to a website for Florida seasonal (that does not solve my WV seasonal problem....of which I will discuss later) and fill out the form and everything will be set. I thought oh my gosh Comcast has found a way to be efficient. NOT!!! After leaving Florida I checked my Comcast bill online to see full charges for the month of April. Another phone call to Comcast resulted in a "oh, yes, we have had many problems with that website especially with certain internet service providers such as Google, etc." Well, add Internet Explorer to that list because obviously my request did not go through either. Not being able to solve this problem with that phone call, I was told that a Supervisor would call me back either Friday or definitely on Saturday. Today is Sunday, your offices are closed and no resolution in sight. I have to add this yet again to my list of things to do for this upcoming week. Hours of used cell phone minutes, frustration beyond what I can civilly explain and why do I keep Comcast service???? You are the only internet provider in our area of WV. So now, let me tell you about my WV Comcast problem! What do you mean that I can only have your service on Seasonal for 4 months in WV? I can have it for 7 months in Florida and only 4 months in WV? Why should I pay twice to the same company for service in two areas when I am not there? Oh, Direct or Dish are looking real good now. I really do expect a phone call from the CUSTOMER CARE people at your company to tell me/us how you expect to resolve these issues.
I'm sorry you are having issues. I've notified Comcast that you need help.
Terrible service in Florida I have no problem in Michigan I have made 3 calls today on hold for at least 45 mins before I hung up. Strange all I want to do is add aservice and does not allow me to do it on line at Port St Lucie. Don't you just love the msg. while waiting on how important your call is. I have 3 comcast accounts and this Florida account frustrates the heck out of me. Went to the local office to sign up for internet stood in line for 1 hour - the staff were great when you finally got to speak with them. They must be stressed out.
4ht call and still listening to the horrible music
©2011 Comcast | Investor Relations | Press Room | Corporate Blog | Privacy Statement | Visitor Agreement | Comcast.com Feedback | Site Map
©2008 Comcast | Politica de Privacidad | Acuerdo del Visitante


text:
Let's Conspire To Ignite
Hi, I'm Lilian. Love Muse, MotoGP and UK
February 1st, 2012
February 1st, 2012
10 notes in a bottle...
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Nah, yo digo que está loco XD.
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text:
mailing list archives
I have used Federal Express to great effect in the past. I have tended
to stay away from Airborne because the local people here in Dallas
didn't know not to turn printers full of toner on their sides. Since
Airborne packed them, I felt they should not have been full of toner,
but that is another story!
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-nanog () merit edu [mailto:owner-nanog () merit edu] On
Behalf Of Matthew Zito
Sent: Wednesday, August 27, 2003 1:19 PM
To: Nanog () merit edu
Subject: Cross-country shipping of large network/computer gear?
I was wondering if anyone could provide any advice or
suggestions on shipping heavy/bulky equipment (~300 pounds,
about a half-rack worth of
gear) on short notice cross-country? We're obviously looking
to minimize cost, but realistically it can't be in transit
for more than two days. Are there any companies or methods
people would recommend? Thanks in advance for the help.
Thanks again,
Matthew Zito
GridApp Systems
Email: mzito () gridapp com
Cell: 646-220-3551
Phone: 212-358-8211 x 359
By Date
By Thread


text:
Latest 'frank or francis' News
Sony Picks Up New Spike Jonze & David O. Russell Movies
The new films from Spike Jonze (Where the Wild Things Are) and David O. Russell (The Fighter) will be distributed internationally by Sony. Read on to learn about the projects' star-studded casts.
by Sandy Schaefer | 2 years ago1 Comment
Charlie Kaufman and Catherine Keener Reunite for HBO Comedy Series
HBO has fast-tracked development on an existential comedy series created by Charlie Kaufman (Being John Malkovich) – with the filmmaker's frequent collaborator, Catherine Keener, attached to star.
by Sandy Schaefer | 2 years agoNo Comments
Elizabeth Banks, Paul Reubens, & More Join Kaufman's 'Frank or Francis' [Updated]
The cast of writer/director Charlie Kaufman's 'Frank or Francis' will include Paul Reubens and Elizabeth Banks – but not Kate Winslet, as was previously reported.
by Sandy Schaefer | 3 years ago7 Comments
Charlie Kaufman's 'Frank or Francis' Script Details
Read on for plot/character details from 'Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind' scriber Charlie Kaufman's new musical project, 'Frank or Francis'.
by Sandy Schaefer | 3 years agoNo Comments
Kevin Kline Joins 'Frank or Francis'; Melissa Leo Boards 'Flight'
The cast of Charlie Kaufman's 'Frank or Francis' now includes Kevin Kline. Meanwhile, Oscar-winner Melissa Leo and James Badge Dale look to sign on for Robert Zemeckis' 'Flight.'
by Sandy Schaefer | 3 years ago1 Comment
Casting Rumors: 'Wolverine 2′ & Charlie Kaufman's 'Frank or Francis'
Naturi Naughton (Notorious) is rumored to be playing mutant surgeon Celia Reyes in 'The Wolverine', and there's a chance Kevin James could star in Charlie Kaufman's 'Frank or Francis' as… Kevin James.
by Sandy Schaefer | 3 years ago16 Comments
Charlie Kaufman's 'Frank or Francis' Snags Black, Cage, & Carell
Jack Black, Nicolas Cage, and Steve Carell are all being attached to 'Frank or Francis', the new film written and directed by Charlie Kaufman (Being John Malkovich).
by Sandy Schaefer | 3 years ago3 Comments
Joaquin Phoenix Attached To Spike Jonze/Charlie Kaufman Project
Two time Oscar-nominee Joaquin Phoenix is attached to star in director Spike Jonze and writer Charlie Kaufman's untitled political satire, which has been acquired by Warner Bros.
by Sandy Schaefer | 3 years ago5 Comments
Untitled Spike Jonze/Charlie Kaufman Project Acquired by Annapurna
Annapurna Pictures is in negotiations to acquire an untitled political satire that will reunite director Spike Jonze with screenwriter Charlie Kaufman.
by Sandy Schaefer | 4 years ago3 Comments


text:
I'm Jeff aka iskol and I am from the States. I am a graphic artist/3D designer, painter and I recently got into photography about a year and a half ago. Photography always had a place in my heart and I enjoy being behind the camera capturing that shot of the moment.
I am a big fan of abstract art, outdoor shots, creepy shots and I appreciate art of any kind. At this time I just want to say thank you for checking out my photos and I hope you enjoy them as much as I do.
No stories
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Lunar Man
29 Jul 2009 — 98 views, 5 favorites, 6 comments
In "Photo Challenge: Silhouettes"
28 Jul 2009 — 49 views, 3 favorites, 2 comments
Got the Beat
22 Jul 2009 — 64 views, 1 favorite, 1 comment
In "Photo Challenge: Foot Focus"
Praying Mantis
21 Jul 2009 — 51 views, 2 favorites
21 Jul 2009 — 47 views, 1 favorite, 2 comments
Collections are a JPG+ feature. You must be a JPG+ member to create new collections and to add photos to collections.
Sign up for JPG+ to start using collections now!
Enter "Numbers and Letters"!
Latest Photo Links
Square Nudes: Breaking Tradition | Art Photo Book |...
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Q: First Time Wedding Photographer
A: Do you know?
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- Copyright, Fair Use & Orphan Works: Legal Conundrums in the Use & Misappropriation of Photographs and Visual Images
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- A Millions Little Pictures: Analog


text:
The Gaslight Anthem Added To Bamboozle
by Zack Zarrillo - Apr 13, 2012
The Bamboozle Festival has confirmed that The Gaslight Anthem are this year's Linc's Special Guest and will be playing on Sunday in addition to Bon Jovi and Brand New. Check out the full lineup below by clicking "Read More."
Related Stories:
Armor For Sleep Reuniting At Bamboozle
Skate And Surf Festival To Return Summer 2012
Brand New, 23 Others Confirmed For Bamboozle
Bamboozle To Make More Band Announcements
Bamboozle To Host Secret Performances
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I'm sorry, I can't afford another couple hundred dollar tickets. I've spent $150+ on the Asbury Convention show, now...
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I need to go.
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Why. Just why. The one year I'm not going.
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text:
One game, one good thing.
March 31: the Blue Jays lost 9-2 to the Rays in their opener (oof), but Erik Kratz hit a two-run homer on his first-ever pitch as a Jay to break the shutout.
April 1: a lot of things were good in their first win of the season, but Drew Hutchison totally ruled.
I never knew Roy Halladay as a Blue Jay.
It seems blasphemous to admit this, as if I carry a Blue Jays fan badge which will be revoked at the mere suggestion that I didn't see every single one of his starts. I saw none of them. Nothing until a year after he'd been traded to the Phillies, when I watched him start the All-Star Game and lose in the playoffs to Chris Carpenter. The trade itself, back in 2009, was one of the first baseball events I ever actually noticed— it was the talk of the town, obviously, and I had almost no idea who he was.
Sometime after the 2010 playoffs, I went to a party where someone lamented having lost Halladay. Feeling smart that I actually knew the name of a current and good Blue Jay (how far we come, I guess), I said "well, at least we have Jose Bautista," vaguely aware that it wasn't quite the same—uh, I think one of them hits the ball and one of them pitches it? "I guess."
Roy Halladay retired yesterday. Even though I've only known him a few years, it feels exceedingly strange to say that. I just assumed we would have so many more chances to see him be Doc, even if he wasn't who he once was. He came back in July 2011, only a few months after I dove into baseball; Jose Bautista hit a home run off him, and I was listening intently on the radio, remembering that party and imagining them playing side by side. I never saw him pitch in person.
All this seems particularly poignant because Jarome Iginla is playing against the Calgary Flames tonight, and for all the hero I never had in Roy Halladay, I had it—have it—in Jarome. I never knew the Calgary Flames without him. He arrived when I was six years old and I don't remember that trade even a little—at the first game I went to, two years later, he was there. He was always there. For so many of us, there were no Flames without that creased-forehead smile and the hundreds and hundreds of goal celebrations, year after year after year.
Jarome meant everything to us. He was the beacon of hope that we still had a chance, that 2004 would end in joy instead of wrenching disappointment, that he could pull the team through its darkest days into a chance to hoist the Cup after fifteen, sixteen, seventeen years. And even though we could all feel it coming, letting him go was one of the most surreal moments of my sports life—seeing the press conference where they announced it for real, that first sad Flames game without him, and the afternoon when we turned on our TVs to see him in the Penguins blue thirds, skating with guys who weren't ours.
I don't have personal memories about Doc, but I imagine that if I did, they wouldn't be so different. He, too, was one of the best his team had ever seen. He brought fans together and gave them hope. And he felt such a connection to the team that he signed a one-day contract in order to retire a Blue Jay, an acknowledgment of the consuming emotional ties of sports. Roy Halladay retired without ever pitching in a World Series, foiled by the luck of baseball and a mortal body—sometimes life is just not magic enough.
I don't think it's reaching too far to say that in some ways I project Iginla onto Halladay, and a little vice versa—if I'd known Halladay in his Toronto years, or even his first as a Phillie, I'd have loved him with every part of myself, in that way you love sports heroes that transcends all other boundaries. Blue Jays fans still rooted for him after he left, and Calgary picked up where they'd left off with Jarome in Pittsburgh. Both deserve piles of championships, and I'm truly sorry we'll never see Halladay celebrate one on the mound. All I can do is hope that Jarome doesn't end up that way, too. I don't want to regret another thing I'll never see.
Last night marked the start of that annual classic, the World Series. It's that special time of year when two teams who really, really love each other come together and make a baseball baby.
But did you know it wasn't always known as the World Series? Here were the first names that were,…
And here we are for Game Three of the 2013 Butts 'n' Bunts showdown, ladies and gentlemen, and let me tell you, we've had plenty of both. *winks at camera*
The Blue Jays played their 162nd game of the season yesterday.
There won't be any more this year.
Good riddance.


text:
A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away..
Summary: On Star Wars day strike back with toys, gadgets, clothes and accessories from the epic series of films. May the fourth be with you...
5 of 13Image
Get yourself a battery powered light saber that actually lights up. A string of about 22 LEDs provides the light for your battle.
Credit: Amazon
Transform your headphones or ear muffs into Princess Leia's bun hair. Made of synthetic hair and available to order in Blonde and Ginger hair colour too.
Credit: Etsy
Ice tray for zapping those slices of lemon and lime in your own recreation of Bar Wars...
Credit: Amazon
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text:
Tax per head
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2014)
A poll tax (head tax or capitation tax, in U.S. English) is a tax of a portioned, fixed amount applied to an individual in accordance with the census (as opposed to a percentage of income). Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments from ancient times until the 19th century. There have been several famous (and infamous) cases of head taxes in history, notably in parts of the United States with the intent of disenfranchising poor people, including African Americans, Native Americans, and white people of foreign descent. The tax was marginal, but payment of the tax would be a prerequisite for minority voting. In the United Kingdom, poll taxes were levied by the governments of John of Gaunt in the 14th century, Charles II in the 17th and Margaret Thatcher in the 20th century.
The word poll is an English word that once meant "head" - and still does, in some specialized contexts - hence the name poll tax for a per-person tax. In the United States, however, the term has come to be used almost exclusively for a fixed tax that had to be paid in order to vote. Since "going to the polls" is today a common idiom for voting in many countries (deriving from the fact that voting was conditional on payment of the poll tax), a new folk etymology has supplanted common knowledge of the phrase's true origins.
Mosaic law[edit]
As prescribed in Exodus (30: 11-16) Jewish law imposed a poll tax of half-shekel, payable by every man above the age of twenty ("the rich shall not pay more and the poor shall not pay less").
Exodus 30:11-16:
11 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
12 When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.
13 This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel is twenty gerahs:) an half shekel shall be the offering of the LORD.
14 Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD.
15 The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel, when they give an offering unto the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.
16 And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls. (Authorized Version)
The money was designated for the Tabernacle in the Exodus narrative and later for the upkeep of the Temple of Jerusalem. Priests, women, slaves and minors were exempted, although they could offer it voluntarily. Payment by Samaritans or Gentiles was rejected. It was collected yearly during the month of Adar, both at the Temple and at special collection bureaux in the provinces.
Roman Empire[edit]
The ancient Romans imposed a tributum capitis (poll tax) as one of the principal direct taxes on the peoples of the Roman provinces (Digest 50, tit.15). In the Republican period, poll taxes were principally collected by private tax farmers (publicani), but from the time of Emperor Augustus, the collections were gradually transferred to magistrates and the senates of provincial cities. The Roman census was conducted periodically in the provinces to draw up and update the poll tax register.
The Roman poll tax fell principally on Roman subjects in the provinces, but not on Roman citizens. Towns in the provinces who possessed the Jus Italicum (enjoying the "privileges of Italy") were exempted from the poll tax. The 212 edict of Emperor Caracalla which formally conferred Roman citizenship on all residents of Roman provinces, did not however exempt them from the poll tax.
The Roman poll tax was deeply resented - Tertullian bewailed the poll tax as a "badge of slavery" - and it provoked numerous revolts in the provinces. Perhaps most famous is the Zealot revolt in Judaea of 66 AD. After the destruction of the temple in 70 AD, the Emperor imposed an extra poll tax on Jews throughout the empire, the fiscus judaicus, of two denari each.
The Italian revolt of the 720s, organized and led by Pope Gregory II, was originally provoked by the attempt of the Constantinople Emperor Leo III the Isaurian to introduce a poll tax in the Italian provinces of the Byzantine Empire in 722, and set in motion the permanent separation of Italy from the Byzantine empire. When King Aistulf of the Lombards availed himself of the Italian dissent and invaded the Exarchate of Ravenna in 751, one of his first acts was to institute a crushing poll tax of one gold solidus per head on every Roman citizen. Seeking relief from this burden, Pope Stephen II appealed to Pepin the Short of the Franks for assistance, that led to the establishment of the Papal States in 756.
Islamic law[edit]
Jizya is a poll tax imposed under Islamic law on non-Muslims - specifically, the dhimmi ("People of the Book", i.e. Jews and Christians). The tax is levied on free-born abled-bodied men of military age. The poor are exempt, as well as those who are not independent or wealthy, such as slaves, women, children, the old, the sick, monks and hermits.
There are several legal rationales for the jizya (and its equivalent land tax, the kharaj). The common argument is that jizya was a fee in exchange for the dhimma (permission to practice one's faith, enjoy communal autonomy, and to be entitled to Muslim protection from outside aggression). Other rationales assume such rights were every person's birthright (Muslim or non-Muslim), and the imposition of jizya on non-Muslims similar to the imposition of zakat (one of the Five Pillars of Islam, an obligatory wealth tax paid on certain assets which are not used productively for a period of a year) on Muslims.
Although jizya is designated as a poll tax, its assessment and collection is often qualified by income. For instance, Amr ibn al-As, after conquering Egypt, set up a census to measure the population for the jizya, and thus the total expected jizya revenue for the whole province, but organized the actual collection by partitioning the population into wealth classes, so that the rich paid more and the poor less jizya of that total sum. Elsewhere, it is reported customary to partition into three classes, e.g. 48 dirhams for the rich, 24 for middle class and 12 for the poor.[1]
In 1855, the Ottoman Empire abolished the jizya tax, as part of reforms to equalize the status of Muslims and non-Muslims. It was replaced, however, by a military-exemption tax on non-Muslims, the Bedel-i Askeri.
England and Scotland[edit]
The poll tax was essentially a lay subsidy (a tax on the movable property of most of the population) to help fund war. It had first been levied in 1275 and continued, under different names, until the 17th century. People were taxed a percentage of the assessed value of their movable goods. That percentage varied from year to year and place to place, and which goods could be taxed differed between urban and rural locations. Churchmen were exempt, as were the poor, workers in the Royal Mint, inhabitants of the Cinque Ports, tin workers in Cornwall and Devon, and those who lived in the Palatinate counties of Cheshire and Durham.
14th century[edit]
The Hilary Parliament, held between January and March 1377, levied a poll tax in 1377 to finance the war against France at the request of John of Gaunt who, since King Edward III was mortally sick, was the de facto head of government at the time. This tax covered almost 60% of the population, far more than lay subsidies had earlier. It was levied two more times after 1377, in 1379 and 1381. Each time the taxation basis was slightly different. In 1377, every lay person over the age of 14 years who was not a beggar had to pay a groat (4d) to the Crown. By 1379 that had been graded by social class, with the lower age limit changed to 16, and to 15 two years later. The levy of 1381 operated under a combination of both flat rate and graduated assessments. The minimum amount payable was set at 4d, however tax collectors had to account for a 12d a head mean assessment. Payments were therefore variable; the poorest in theory would pay the lowest rate with the deficit being met by a higher payment from those able to afford it. The 1381 tax has been credited as one of the main reasons behind the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, due in part to attempts to restore feudal conditions in rural areas.
17th century[edit]
The poll tax was resurrected during the 17th century, usually related to a military emergency. It was imposed by Charles I in 1641 to finance the raising of the army against the Scottish and Irish uprisings. With the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, the Convention Parliament of 1660 instituted a poll tax to finance the disbanding of the New Model Army (pay arrears, etc.) (12 Charles II c.9).[2] The poll tax was assessed according to "rank", e.g. dukes paid £100, earls £60, knights £20, esquires £10. Eldest sons paid 2/3rds of their father's rank, widows paid a third of their late husband's rank. The members of the livery companies paid according to company's rank (e.g. masters of first-tier guilds like the Mercers paid £10, whereas masters of fifth-tier guilds, like the Clerks, paid 5 shillings). Professionals also paid differing rates, e.g. physicians (£10), judges (£20), advocates (£5), attorneys (£3), and so on. Anyone with property (land, etc.) paid 40 shillings per £100 earned, anyone over the age of 16 and unmarried paid 12-pence and everyone else over 16 paid 6-pence.
The poll tax was imposed again by William and Mary in 1689 (1 Will. & Mar. c.13), reassessed in 1690 adjusting rank for fortune, and then again in 1691 back to rank irrespective of fortune. The poll tax was imposed again in 1692, and one final time in 1698 (the last poll tax in England until the 20th century). A poll tax was imposed on Scotland between 1694 and 1699.
As the greater weight of the 17th century poll taxes fell primarily upon the wealthy and powerful, it was not too unpopular. There were grumblings within the taxed ranks about lack of differentiation by income within ranks. Ultimately, it was the inefficiency of their collection - what they brought in routinely fell far short of expected revenues - that prompted the government to abandon the poll tax after 1698.
Far more controversial was the hearth tax introduced in 1662 (13 & 14 Charles II c.10), which imposed a hefty two shillings on every hearth in a family dwelling (which was easier to count than persons). Heavier, more permanent and more regressive than the poll tax proper, the intrusive entry of tax inspectors into private homes to count hearths was a very sore point, and it was promptly repealed with the Glorious Revolution in 1689. It was replaced with a "window tax" in 1695 (inspectors could count windows from outside homes).
United Kingdom[edit]
The poll tax, officially known as the "Community Charge", was a tax to fund local government in the United Kingdom, instituted in 1989 by the government of Margaret Thatcher. It replaced the rates that were based on the notional rental value of a house. The abolition of rates was in the manifesto of Thatcher's Conservative Party in the 1979 general election, and the replacement was proposed in the Green Paper of 1986, Paying for Local Government based on ideas developed by Dr Madsen Pirie and Douglas Mason of the Adam Smith Institute. It was a fixed tax per adult resident, but there was a reduction for those with lower household income. Each person was to pay for the services provided in their community. This proposal was contained in the Conservative Manifesto for the 1987 General Election. The new tax replaced the rates in Scotland from the start of the 1989/90 financial year, and in England and Wales from the start of the 1990/91 financial year.
The system was unpopular. Many thought it shifted the tax burden from the rich to the poor, as it was based on the number of people living in a house rather than on the house's estimated price. Many tax rates set by local councils proved to be much higher than earlier predictions; this lead to resentment, even among some who had supported it. The tax in different boroughs differed because local taxes paid by businesses varied and grants by central government to local authorities sometimes varied capriciously.
Mass protests were called by the All-Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation, with which the vast majority of local Anti Poll Tax Unions (APTUs) were affiliated. In Scotland the APTUs called for mass non-payment and these calls rapidly gathered widespread support which spread to England and Wales, even though non-payment meant that people could be prosecuted. In some areas, 30 percent of former ratepayers defaulted. While owner-occupiers were easy to tax, those who regularly changed accommodation were almost impossible to pursue if they chose not to pay. The cost of collecting the tax rose steeply while the returns from it fell. Unrest grew and resulted in a number of Poll Tax Riots. The most serious was in a protest at Trafalgar Square, London, on 31 March 1990, of more than 200,000 protesters. A Labour MP, Terry Fields, was jailed for 60 days for refusing to pay his poll tax.
This unrest led, in part, to the end of Thatcher's premiership. Her successor, John Major, replaced the poll tax with the Council Tax, similar to the rating system that preceded the Poll Tax. The main differences were that it was levied on capital value rather than notional rental value of a property, and that it had a 25 percent discount for single-occupancy dwellings.
In France, a poll tax, the capitation, was first imposed by King Louis XIV in 1695 as a temporary measure to finance the War of the League of Augsburg, and thus repealed in 1699. It was resumed during the War of Spanish Succession and in 1704 set on a permanent basis, remaining until the end of the Ancien regime.
Like the English poll tax, the French capitation tax was assessed on rank – for taxation persons, French society was divided in twenty-two "classes", with the Dauphin (a class by himself) paying 2,000 livres, princes of the blood paying 1500 livres, and so on down to the lowest class, composed of day laborers and servants, who paid 1 livre each. The bulk of the common population was covered by four classes, paying 40, 30, 10 and 3 livres respectively. Unlike most other direct French taxes, nobles and clergy were not exempted from capitation taxes. It did, however, exempt the mendicant orders and the poor who contributed less than 40 sous.
The French clergy managed to temporarily escape capitation assessment by promising to pay a total sum of 4 million livres per annum in 1695, and then obtained permanent exemption in 1709 with a lump sum payment of 24 million livres. The Pays d'états (Brittany, Burgundy, etc.) and many towns also escaped assessment by promising annual fixed payments. The nobles did not escape assessment, but they obtained the right to appoint their own capitation tax assessors, which allowed them to escape most of the burden (in one calculation, they escaped ⅞ of it).
Compounding the burden, the assessment on the capitation did not remain stable. The pays de taille personelle (basically, Pays d'élection, the bulk of France and Aquitaine) secured the ability to assess the capitation tax proportionally to the taille - which effectively meant adjusting the burden heavily against the lower classes. According to the estimates of Jacques Necker in 1788, the capitation tax was so riddled in practice, that the privileged classes (nobles and clergy and towns) were largely exempt, while the lower classes were heavily crushed: the lowest peasant class, originally assessed to pay 3 livres, were now paying 24, the second lowest, assessed at 10 livres, were now paying 60 and the third-lowest assessed at 30 were paying 180. The total collection from the capitation, according to Necker in 1788, was 41 million livres, well short of the 54 million estimate, and it was projected that the revenues could have doubled if the exemptions were revoked and the original 1695 assessment properly restored.
The old capitation tax was repealed with the French Revolution and replaced, in November 23, 1790, with a new poll tax as part of the contribution personnelle mobilière, which lasted well into the late 19th century. It was fixed for every individual at "three days's labor" (assessed locally, but by statute, no less than 1 franc 50 centimes and no more than 4 francs 50 centimes, depending on the area). A dwelling tax (impôt sur les portes et fenêtres, similar to the English window-tax) was imposed in 1791.
Russia imposed a poll tax in 1718.[3]
United States[edit]
In U.S. practice, payment of the poll tax was used as a pre-condition of the exercise of the ability to vote. This tax emerged in some states of the United States in the late 19th century as part of the Jim Crow laws. After the ability to vote was extended to all races by the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment, many Southern states enacted poll tax laws as a means of restricting eligible voters; such laws often included a grandfather clause, which allowed any adult male whose father or grandfather had voted in a specific year prior to the abolition of slavery to vote without paying the tax. These laws, along with unfairly implemented literacy tests and extra-legal intimidation,[4] achieved the desired effect of disenfranchising African-American, as well as poor whites. Often in US discussions, "poll tax," is used to mean a tax that must be paid in order to vote, rather than a capitation tax simply.
Although largely associated with states of the former Confederacy, poll taxes were also in place in other states from colonial times. For instance, California had a poll tax until 1914 when it was abolished through a popular referendum.
Initially, the United States Supreme Court, in the case of Breedlove v. Suttles, 302 U.S. 277 (1937), found conditioning the right to vote on payment of a poll tax to be constitutional. The 24th Amendment, ratified in 1964, reflecting a political compromise, abolished the use of the poll tax (or any other tax) as a pre-condition for voting in federal elections, but made no mention of poll taxes in state elections.
In the 1966 case of Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections, the Supreme Court overruled its decision in Breedlove v. Suttles. The 1966 Court declared that the imposition of a poll tax as a pre-condition for voting in state elections violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
The Harper ruling was one of several that rely on the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment rather than the more direct provision of the 15th Amendment. In a two-month period in the spring of 1966, Federal courts declared unconstitutional poll tax laws in the last four states to have them, starting with Texas on 9 February. Decisions followed for Alabama (3 March) and Virginia (25 March). Mississippi's $2.00 poll tax (equal to $14.54 in 2013) was the last to fall, declared unconstitutional on 8 April 1966, by a federal panel in Jackson, Mississippi.[5] Virginia attempted to partially abolish its poll tax by requiring a residence certification, but the Supreme Court did not accept this.
Recent debate has arisen about whether requiring citizens to purchase a state identification card acts as a poll tax and bars poor voters from voting.[6] To reduce cost, some states offer free identification cards for those who can demonstrate the need. However, significant additional costs can be incurred by individuals to acquire a "free" ID, as they need to provide other proof of identity. In addition to travel costs or potential lost wages, a certified copy of a birth certificate costs from $10 to $45 depending on the state, a passport costs $135 for a first-time applicant,[7] and certified naturalization papers cost $19.95. About 12 percent of voting-age Americans lack a driver's license and would need such state identification cards.[8]
Capitation and federal taxation[edit]
The capitation clause of Article I of the United States Constitution, reads: "No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken." Capitation here means a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per taxpayer.[9] Direct tax means a tax levied directly by the United States federal government on taxpayers, as opposed to a tax on events or transactions.[10] The United States government levied direct taxes from time to time during the 18th and early 19th centuries. It levied direct taxes on the owners of houses, land, slaves and estates in the late 1790s but cancelled the taxes in 1802.
An income tax is neither a poll tax nor a capitation, as the amount of tax will vary from person to person, depending on each person's income. Until a United States Supreme Court decision in 1895, all income taxes were deemed to be excises (i.e., indirect taxes). The Revenue Act of 1861 established the first income tax in the United States, to pay for the cost of the American Civil War. This income tax was abolished after the war, in 1872. Another income tax statute in 1894 was overturned in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. in 1895, where the Supreme Court held that income taxes on income from property, such as rent income, interest income, and dividend income (but not income taxes on income from wages, employment, etc.) were to be treated as direct taxes. Because the statute in question had not apportioned income taxes on income from property by population, the statute was ruled unconstitutional. Finally, ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 made possible modern income taxes, by placing the income tax firmly in the class of indirect excises - thus needing no apportionment,[11] [12] a practice that would remain unchanged into the 21st century.
In an editorial published by the Wall Street Journal in 2012, historian and author Dr. Paul Moreno argued that the requirement of all Americans to purchase health insurance or face a penalty could be construed as a direct tax that must be apportioned and thus unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Roberts rejected this reasoning and this rationale was not cited in any dissenting Justice's opinions.[13]
New Zealand[edit]
The numbers of the Chinese immigration went from 20,000 a year to 8 people after the government-imposed "head tax". New Zealand imposed a poll tax on Chinese immigrants during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The poll tax was effectively lifted in the 1930s following the invasion of China by Japan, and was finally repealed in 1944. Prime Minister Helen Clark offered New Zealand's Chinese community an official apology for the poll tax on 12 February 2002.[14]
See also[edit]
- ^ Mannan Islamic Economics: Theory and Practice, p.247
- ^ Statutes of the Realm, vol. v, p.207-225
- ^ Vidal-Naquet, Pierre (1987). The Collins Atlas of World History. Great Britain: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. p. 178. ISBN 0 00217776 5.
- ^ http://www.crmvet.org/info/lithome.htm
- ^ The World Almanac 1966, p. 68
- ^ "Georgia's New Poll Tax". The New York Times. 12 September 2005.
- ^ "Passport Fees". Bureau of Consular Affairs, United States Department of State. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
- ^ "Young and Overton on Voter ID". 29 September 2005.
- ^ United States Department of State (2004). "The Constitution of the United States of America with Explanatory Notes". US Department of State web site. United States. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
- ^ United States Department of the Treasury. "History of the U.S. Tax System". US Treasury Department : Education : Fact Sheets : Taxes. United States. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ^ "BRUSHABER v. UNION PACIFIC R. CO., 240 U.S. 1 (1916)". FindLaw : Supreme Court. FindLaw.
- ^ "STANTON v. BALTIC MINING CO, 240 U.S. 103 (1916)". FindLaw : Supreme Court. FindLaw.
- ^ "PAUL MORENO: A SHORT HISTORY OF CONGRESS'S POWER TO TAX - THE WALL STREET JOURNAL (07/06/2012)". The Wall STreet Journal (7/6/2012). Dow Jones & Company.
- ^ New Zealand Office of Ethnic Affairs (2002). "Chinese Poll Tax in New Zealand - Formal Apology". New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 18 August 2006.
External links[edit]
- Middle Ages Poll Tax
- Pictures by Paul Ross, who witnessed the riots
- The battle that brought down Thatcher - a perspective by the Trotskyist Militant tendency


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Tue Mar 11, 2014 5:41 pm
Latest Player Updatesclose
Will Blackmon
Fri Mar 7, 2014 8:01 pm Coach Gus Bradley told reporters Friday that contract talks between the Jaguars and free agent CB Will Blackmon are "moving in the right direction."
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon started eight games and played 682 defensive snaps last season after being out of the league in 2012. The Jaguars view Blackmon as a fit for their defensive scheme and could re-sign him before the start of free agency. Blackmon will likely be brought back as the No. 3 corner behind Alan Ball and Dwayne Gratz.
Source: Hays Carlyon on Twitter
Mon Feb 17, 2014 11:03 am The Jaguars' official website expects the team to re-sign free agent CB Will Blackmon.
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon was signed off the street ahead of Week 1 after being out of the league in 2012. He started eight games for the Jaguars and played 682 defensive snaps. Pro Football Focus graded Blackmon out as its No. 22 corner out of 110 qualifiers. He's a big corner at 6-foot, 200, just how coach Gus Bradley likes them. Blackmon should be able to land a bit of guaranteed money.
Source: jaguars.com
Sun Sep 22, 2013 7:29 pm Jaguars CB Will Blackmon was ruled out of Sunday's Week 3 game due to a head injury.
Fantasy Source Spin: He's likely got a concussion. With Jacksonville's usual starting corners shelved, Blackmon has been playing a ton of snaps at left cornerback.
Wed Aug 28, 2013 1:21 pm Jaguars signed CB Will Blackmon.
Fantasy Source Spin: CB Marcus Burley was waived in a corresponding roster move. Blackmon was released by the Seahawks on Tuesday. Out of the league in 2012, Blackmon has made just 14 appearances since the end of the 2008 season. His stay in Jacksonville shouldn't be long.
Tue Feb 12, 2013 6:29 pm Seahawks signed CB/KR Will Blackmon.
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon was out of work in 2012, and has appeared in just 14 games since the end of the 2008 season. He hasn't been the same since his 2009 ACL tear. Going on 29, Blackmon will be a long-shot in Seahawks camp.
Source: Mike Garafolo on Twitter
Wed Nov 23, 2011 4:40 pm Giants re-signed CB/KR Will Blackmon.
Fantasy Source Spin: He'll take the roster spot vacated by Michael Coe, who was placed on injured reserve Monday. Injury prone, Blackmon struggled as a return-man last season, averaging just 6.4 yards on punts and 18.3 yards on kickoffs. His snaps on defense will be limited.
Source: Mike Garafolo on Twitter
Sun Jan 2, 2011 9:44 pm Giants released KR Will Blackmon with an injury settlement.
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon, 26, averaged just 6.4 yards per punt return and 18.3 per kickoff during his five-game stay on the Giants' roster, while continuing to struggle with injuries. He'll likely be signed to an 80-man roster this offseason, but we're losing hope that he'll reassert himself as a fearless return man.
Source: FOX Sports NFL Buzz
Thu Dec 30, 2010 11:12 am Giants placed DB/KR Will Blackmon on injured reserve with a knee injury, ending his season.
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon didn't provide the Giants with much in his time on the roster, averaging just 18.3 yards per kickoff return, 6.7 per punt return and contributing two special teams tackles. He's been unable to get over his nagging knee issues.
Sun Nov 7, 2010 9:54 am Will Blackmon will handle return duties for the Giants in Week 9 against Seattle.
Fantasy Source Spin: There's a good chance of rain, so he'll have to focus on securing in the ball in his first opportunity to return balls since his time in Green Bay. He's got a great on-field track record, and should be a nice upgrade over Darius Reynaud (hamstring). A decent game from Blackmon could lead to Reynaud's release.
Source: ESPN New York
Thu Oct 28, 2010 10:06 am Giants signed DB/KR Will Blackmon.
Fantasy Source Spin: Finally, a replacement for the woeful Darius Reynaud. Blackmon has had trouble overcoming his 2009 ACL tear, which led to the Packers cutting him before the season. Evidently the Giants think he's healthy enough to contribute.
Sat Sep 4, 2010 3:25 pm Packers released KR Will Blackmon with an injury settlement.
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon insists his injury is only a two-week condition, but the Packers apparently believe he suffered a setback in his ACL recovery. Jordy Nelson and Brandon Jackson are the favorites for kickoff return duties. Jason Chery will handle punts if he survives.
Source: Rob Demovsky on Twitter
Thu Sep 2, 2010 3:37 pm The Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel projects KR/S Will Blackmon to be among the Packers' final cuts Saturday.
Fantasy Source Spin: The paper also has Jason Chery missing the cut, apparently locking Sam Shields and Jordy Nelson into the primary return jobs. Once a game-breaking special teamer, Blackmon has been unable to overcome his 2009 ACL tear.
Source: Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel
Tue Aug 31, 2010 12:29 pm Packers KR Will Blackmon (ACL surgery) has struggled to stay on the field the past couple of weeks.
Fantasy Source Spin: Coach Mike McCarthy conceded that Blackmon is going through "a bad spot right now" after playing in the first two preseason games. WR Jason Chery, no lock to make the team, will return kicks this week. Brandon Jackson and Jordy Nelson are options on kickoffs, and Sam Shields may get another look on punts.
Source: Green Bay Press-Gazette
Fri Aug 20, 2010 9:40 am Packers S/KR Will Blackmon (ACL surgery) recently missed 11 days of practice with soreness in his left knee.
Fantasy Source Spin: This is a reminder that Blackmon is still in the healing process. He's back at practice now and hoping to play on Saturday, but the Packers may have wishful thinking if they are expecting him to regain his form on returns.
Source: Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel
Wed May 19, 2010 6:40 pm Going forward, the Packers will use Will Blackmon strictly at safety and Jarrett Bush strictly at cornerback.
Fantasy Source Spin: Their primary roles differ, however. Blackmon, coming off a torn ACL, is primarily a returner. Bush is a nickel back. Neither will threaten to start.
Source: Greg Bedard on Twitter
Thu Apr 1, 2010 7:38 pm Packers KR/PR Will Blackmon (ACL surgery) began running last week.
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon says he's a full month ahead of expectations, and he may be able to take part in some portions of June OTAs. Though he's on pace to be ready for training camp, the Packers could still select a returner in the draft later this month.
Source: packers.com
Wed Mar 17, 2010 9:12 am Packers re-signed restricted free agent KR/PR Will Blackmon to a one-year, $1.176 million contract.
Fantasy Source Spin: Blackmon agreed to his low tender. He's coming off a torn ACL in October and will ideally return kicks while giving depth in the secondary.
Source: Adam Caplan on Twitter


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
|Solitary pulmonary nodule
|Classification and external resources
Chest X-ray showing a solitary pulmonary nodule (indicated by a black box) in the left upper lobe.
|Solitary pulmonary nodule
|Classification and external resources
Chest X-ray showing a solitary pulmonary nodule (indicated by a black box) in the left upper lobe.
In radiology, a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion is a mass in the lung smaller than 3 centimeters in diameter. It can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays[1] and around 1% of CT scans.[2]
The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer,[2] especially in older adults and smokers. Conversely, 10 to 20% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed in this way.[2] Thus, the possibility of cancer needs to be excluded through further radiological studies and interventions, possibly including surgical resection. The prognosis depends on the underlying condition.
A solitary pulmonary nodulus needs to be separated from larger lung tumors, smaller infiltrates or masses with other accompanying characteristics. An often used formal radiological definition is the following: a single lesion in the lung completely surrounded by lung parenchyma (functional tissue) with a diameter less than 3 cm and without associated pneumonia, atelectasis (lung collapse) or lymphadenopathies (swollen lymph nodes).[3][4]
Not every round spot on a radiological image is a coin lesion: it should not be confused with the projection of a structure of the chest wall or skin, such as a nipple, a healing rib fracture or electrocardiographic monitoring.
The most important cause to exclude is a form of lung cancer, including rare forms such as primary pulmonary lymphoma, carcinoid tumor and a solitary metastasis to the lung (common unrecognised primary tumor sites are melanomas, sarcomas or testicular cancer). Benign tumors in the lung include hamartomas and chondromas.
The most common benign coin lesion is a granuloma (inflammatory nodule), for example due to tuberculosis or a fungal infection. Other infectious causes include a pulmonary abscess, pneumonia (including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) or rarely nocardial infection or worm infection (such as dirofilariasis or dog heartworm infestation). Lung nodules can also occur in immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Wegener's granulomatosis, or organizing pneumonia.
An SPN can be found to be an arteriovenous malformation, a hematoma or an infarction zone. It may also be caused by bronchial atresia, sequestration, an inhaled foreign body or pleural plaque.
The medical history, physical examination and imaging results form the basis of the initial risk assessment and determine the further course of action. Most patients will have a CT scan.
Several features help to distinguish benign conditions from possible lung cancer. The first parameter is the size of the lesion: the smaller, the less risk for malignant cancer.[4] Benign causes tend to have a well defined border, whereas lobulated lesions or those with an irregular margin extending into the neighbouring tissue tend to be malignant.[4]
If there is a central cavity, then a thin wall points to a benign cause whereas a thick wall is associated with malignancy (especially 4mm or less versus 16mm or more).[4] In lung cancer, cavitation can represent central tumor necrosis (tissue death) or secondary abscess formation. If the walls of an airway are visible (air bronchogram), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a possibility.
An SPN often contains calcifications. Certain patterns of calcification are reassuring, such as the popcorn-like appearance of hamartoma.[1] An SPN with a density below 15 Hounsfield units on computed tomography tends to be benign, whereas malignant tumors often measure more than 20 Hounsfield units. Fatty tissue inside hamartomas will have a strongly negative value on the Hounsfield scale.
The growth velocity of a lesion is also informative: very fast or very slow growing tumors are rarely malignant, in contrary to inflammatory or congenital conditions.[5] It is therefore important to retrieve previous imaging studies to see if a lesion was presented and how fast its volume is increasing. This is more difficult for nodules smaller than 1 centimeter. Moreover, the predictive value of stable lesion over a period of 2 years has been found to be rather low and unreliable.[5]
Diagnosis can be made by a lung biopsy. Small biopsies obtained by core needle or bronchoscopy are commonly used for diagnosis of lung nodules. [6]
Several patient factors may influence the likelihood of a benign versus a malignant condition: these include previous exposure to smoke or other carcinogens such as asbestos, and previously diagnosed cancer or respiratory infections. A patient with airway symptoms, especially coughing up blood (hemoptysis), is more likely to have cancer compared to a patient with no respiratory symptoms.
The work-up in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule is based on an initial risk assessment. If the risk of malignancy is thought to be low, follow-up imaging (usually serial CT scans) can be planned at a later time. The frequency of further scans can be determined by the patient's risk for cancer and the size of the nodule.[7] If the initial impression is that there is a high likelihood of cancer, then a surgical intervention is appropriate (provided that the patient is fit for surgery).
If there is an intermediate risk of malignancy, further imaging with positron emission tomography (PET scan) is appropriate (if available). Around 95% of patients with a malignant nodule will have an abnormal PET scan, while around 78% of patients with a benign nodule will look normal on PET (this is the test sensitivity and specificity).[8] Thus, an abnormal PET scan will reliably pick up cancer, but several other types of nodules (inflammatory or infectious, for example) will also show up on a PET scan. If the nodule has a diameter below 1 centimeter, PET scans are often avoided because there is an increased risk of falsely normal results.[8][9][10] Cancerous lesions usually have a high metabolism on PET, as demonstrated by their high uptake of FDG (a radioactive sugar). If the lesion is found on further imaging to be suspicious, it should be surgically excised (via thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery) to confirm the diagnosis by microscopical examination.
In selected cases, nodules can also be sampled through the airways using bronchoscopy or through the chest wall using needle aspiration (which can be done under CT guidance). Needle aspiration can only retrieve groups of cells for cytology and not a tissue cylinder or biopsy, precluding evaluation of the tissue architecture. Theoretically, this makes the diagnosis of benign conditions more difficult, although rates higher than 90% have been reported.[11] Complications of the latter technique include hemorrhage into the lung and air leak in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall (pneumothorax). However, not all these cases of pneumothorax need treatment with a chest tube.[12]
Other imaging techniques include PET-CT (simultaneous PET scan and CT scan with superposition of the images), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).[13]


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Home > Buildings & Plants > Buildings & Plants Partner List > Vallejo City Unified School District
Vallejo City Unified School District, centrally located in the San Francisco Bay Area, educates approximately 15,500 students across more than 1,720,000 square feet of floor space. The districts vision is for its diverse learners to be empowered, prepared, and equipped with the academic and life skills needed to be productive citizens who can positively contribute to society. The district aligns its daily efforts with its mission of meeting or exceeding its goals in the areas of equity, excellence, educational effectiveness, and economic sustainability. In 2009, the district teamed up with Energy Education to strategize and launch an Energy Conservation Program. The district became an ENERGY STAR Partner in 2010.
Vallejo City Unified School District has been recognized by EPA as an ENERGY STAR Leader for improving energy efficiency by more than 10 percent compared to a 2008 baseline and as a Top Performer for achieving an average energy performance score of 92 across its portfolio of buildings. More than 90 percent of the districts buildings received an ENERGY STAR score above 75. In August 2011, the district was awarded Energy Educations Energy Excellence Award for saving over a million dollars in utility costs since the implementation of its energy conservation program. This commitment to energy savings is sustained by conducting regular building audits of all facilities, maintaining a utility database using E-CAP software, and engaging staff members and students by communicating energy savings progress through quarterly newsletters and student energy conservation contests. As of 2011, the district has prevented the emissions of more than 1,170 metric tons of carbon dioxide, which is equivalent to the carbon sequestered by more than 30,200 tree seedlings planted and grown for 10 years.