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Bullying and Harassment
Bullying in the Workplace Grievance Letter Example
www.formalgrievanceletter.co.uk is a dedicated website to aid employees who are being subjected to either bullying in the workplace, bullying at work, harassment in the workplace, workplace harassment or bullying and harassment. A letter of grievance is also available for those employee's who are considering writing a letter of grievance to their employer to enter the grievance procedure.
What is Bullying and how is it different to Harassment?
Where to start! The very first thing to do is to take the word "bullying" and replace it with the word "harassment". From now on, forget that the word "bullying" exists. Replace it with the word "harassment" or "unwanted conduct". In the eyes of the law, only "harassment" is actionable for compensation on protected grounds, viz: disability, sex, race etc,. For an Employment Tribunal claim to be successful, you need to establish that you have been "harassed". The Equality Act 2010 uses the word "harassment" under s.26, so let's keep to the legal wording. However, the Tribunal also recognises the words "unwanted conduct" too.
The Equality Act 2010 - Definition of Harassment at Work
The Equality Act 2010 defines "harassment as: "unwanted conduct" which must have the "purpose or effect" of:
1. "Violating the victim recipients dignity" or:-
2. "Creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for the victim recipient".
If you believe you have been harassed, then make sure that you state so in your letter of grievance to your employer. Equally as important, you MUST state in your letter of grievance how your harasser's "unwanted conduct" made you "feel". This is the most important thing you can do as 'injury to feelings' on the Vento Scale can payout upto £30,000 in the Employment Tribunal.
In HM Prison Service v Salmon, the Employment Appeal Tribunal upheld an award of £20,000 for injury to feelings, including £5,000 aggravated damages, and a separate, undiscounted award of £15,000 for psychiatric injury, made by an employment tribunal that had partially upheld a former prison officer's complaint of unlawful sex discrimination
Section 26 of the Equality Act 2010, is for harassment under a 'protected characteristic', viz: race, disability, religion, sex, sexual orientation etc,.
The incidents of harassment do not need to be connected, and can be purported by either workplace colleagues, customers, or third parties {the harassment does not have to be by the same person}. The key here, is to be able to [prove] to a Tribunal that you informed your employer that you felt the 'unwanted conduct' amounted to 'harassment'. Therefore, it is essential that you email your letter of grievance to your employer's HR department to invoke the grievance procedure. This way, you can draw inference at a later date, where your employer fails to take reasonable and practicable steps to prevent further disruption and harassment, for which your employer may be vicariously liable pursuant to s.109(1)(2)(3)(4)(a)(b) of the EqA 2010 (Equality Act 2010).
Employment Tribunal - Balance of Probabilities
In truth, it is rare that an employee will have "evidence" of bullying at work, to which s/he has been subjected. Harassment in the workplace is usually subtle, the harasser careful to make sure there are no witnesses to workplace bullying. Fortunately, Employment Tribunals recognise this, and take it into account.However, you still have to establish a "balance of probabilities" case. It is my own experience that workplace harassment occurs due to mismanagement, poor management, or weak management. Often, senior management have little resolve to confront the harasser, or more likely than not, are the harasser themselves.
I used my mobile phone to tape record my manager sexually harassing me at work. I also asked my line manager why she acted in the manner she did towards me, and caught every word she said on my mobile telephone. Consequentially, I had hard eveidence of the on-going harassment. I also got another employee to video my line manger sexually harassing me on his mobile telephone at a works do. Believe me, when it comes to harassment, a picture paints a thousand words! The upshot of the video and audio evidence was that I was able to support my letter of grievance with hard evidence. However, using your mobile is not always possible, and in these situations I suggest you visit the Spy Shop on-line and purchase one of those pens where you click the top of the pen, and it records for up to 4 hours. This is a great device for 1 to 1 meetings where your line manager is no longer giving you the support you need. It is also great for meetings with Human Resources in grievance and disciplinary hearings.
Unless your Company has a policy or procedure which forbids this practice, then it is fair play. I have yet to come across an employer's policy which mentions recording meetings at all.
Place the Onus on your Employer
Should you chose to lodge an Employment Tribunal claim due to workplace harassment or discrimination in the workplace, the onus is on the employee to establish facts, that "on the balance of probabilities" what you have alleged in your ET1 [employment tribunal claim] has actually occurred. This is different to let's say a criminal trial, whereas "beyond a reasonable doubt" has to be established.
The Employment Tribunal recognises that the employer will unlikely "concede" any liability of the alleged "torts" (wrongs). The employer will attempt to establish that the claimant's claim does not have any "merit". The employer will allege that your ET1 is "misconceived" throwing out as much as it can. Remember, the onus is on the employee to "shift the burden of proof "on to the employer pursuant to s.136 of the Equality Act 2010.
Grievance Letter Examples
Below are two examples of a hypothetical incident of 'sexual harassment in the workplace'. Another more in depth letter of grievance example germane to work related stress, harassment and disability discrimination is available at www.formalgrievance.com.
The first grievance example is a bad example of what to state within your letter of grievance, as it does not establish how you (the victim recipient) felt:-
"Mr Shart grabbed his crotch and told me he wanted to give me a large portion later. I was somewhat taken back, as my workplace colleagues just stood there laughing at me."
Good grievance letter example:
"I found Shart's conduct to be unwanted.I felt his actions were with deliberate intent, the purpose and effect to embarrass me, which is how he made me feel. I found Shart's statement that he wanted to give me a large portion to be offensive, and most undignified. The fact that my workplace colleagues just stood there laughing at me humiliated me. Mr Shart's conduct was wholly inappropriate. I am not sure what made him believe that his behaviour was acceptable to me. However, I felt by my colleagues laughing at me, they condoned Shart's unwanted conduct"
In the good example above, the wording encompasses the legal definition of "harassment". You have informed your employer that (i) you found Shart's conduct unwanted (ii) you felt embarrassed (iii) you found Shart's conduct to be offensive and undignified (iv) you have established the fact that you felt humiliated (v) that in no way did you encourage Shart to behave in the manner he did; Shart acted of his own volition, and of his own accord (vi) you felt your colleagues condoned Shart's unwanted conduct by their failure to stop him.
In the good example of harassment in the workplace, you have made it difficult for your employer to point the finger of blame at you, as to do so may amount to the employer subjecting you to a "detriment" for having exercised a statutory right in lodging a letter of grievance.
Workplace Banter
However, from my own experiences, your employer will undoubtedly seek to place some portion of the blame on to you, to both limit its liability, and discredit you. It will contend that you were horsing around, and that Shart's conduct was merely 'harmless banter', viz: 'colloquial'. They may even insinuate that you in someway encouraged Shart's behaviour, and that Shart was only reacting to you 'egging him on' in front of your workplace colleagues. Notwithstanding, unless you are able to 'establish facts' from which the Employment Tribunal could conclude that harassment has taken place, your claim is worthless. This is why it is so very important that you get your ducks in a row before you lodge your letter of grievance. (see: grievance letter template aid)
Webmaster's thoughts:
1. When it comes to work harassment, the law is quite clear. It is what the "victim recipient" finds to be offensive, undignified, embarrassing, degrading, hostile or intimidating. It is NOT for your employer to decide how YOU [FELT]. Each person knows what they feel is "harmless banter" and also, the behaviour which is not acceptable to them.
2. You need a plan of action. Gather all the evidence and facts BEFORE you lodge your grievance letter. Once the grievance procedure is invoked, your employer will appoint an investigating officer who will endeavour to limit the organisations liability. Remember, the appointed investigator is there to protect the organisation - not you! You will have no control over the appointed investigator, or the questions s/he will ask your workplace colleagues, or how that person goes about investigating what you have alleged. Keep in mind the investigator is also an employee, and will not jeopardise their own career by finding any"evidence" of harassment, which may have occurred.
3. So, before your invoke the grievance procedure, obtain 'witness statements' from your colleagues where possible. You want short statements, giving the date, the time, the place, what the harasser stated, and who else was present. Get the person to sign and date their witness statement, and provide their name and address.
4. From my own experiences, your colleagues will put as much distance between you and them once the grievance investigation gets underway. They will not want to become embroiled in your grievance, or risk losing their own job - forewarned is forearmed!
Legal Definition of Harassment
The legal definition of harassment under S.26 of the Equality Act 2010 is the following:
"Unwanted conduct" which must relate to one of the following "protected characteristics":
i. sex
ii. sex orientation
iii. race
iv. disability
v. age
vi. gender
vii. marriage and civil partnership,
viii. gender reassignment
ix. religion.
The "unwanted conduct" must have the "purpose or effect" of:
1. violating the victim recipients dignity, or
2. creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for the victim recipient.
In truth, it is not hard to establish that the "harassment" (unwanted conduct) has "violated" your "dignity". In nearly every case of "harassment" it will be viewed by the victim as having been, or had the "effect of" either being "degrading, humiliating, offensive or hostile". The key is that you MUST tie the harassment in to one of the aforementioned "protected characteristics".
For what it is worth, pursuant to s.110(a)(b)(c)(2) of the Equality Act 2010, the harasser can be held personally liable for their own conduct in harssing you. Within your letter of grievance, I would inform your employer that they need to warn your harasser in writing to desist harassing you further; otherwise the Company would leave you no choice but to name your harasser as an additional named respondent in any Employment Tribunal proceedings. This usually puts the fear of God into the employer and the harasser, as the last thing the employer wants is to be held vicariously liable for the harassment pursuant to s.109(1)(2)(3)(4)(a)(b) of the Equality Act 2010.
Moreover, if the employer fails to take reasonable steps to prevent others employees' from harassing you (google workplace mobbing) then the employer could be liable for inducing, causing, and aiding contraventions pursuant to s.111 of the Equality Act 2010. If you need a custom letter of grievance drafting to your employer, then contact me. There is nothing like a bit of law and a few case precedents quoted within your letter of grievance to bring your harasser to their senses!
If you believe that you have been "harassed" due to either your sex, sexual orientation or sexual nature, then click here:
If you believe that you have been "harassed" due to having a disability, then click here: You may be surprised as to what legally constitutes having a "disability". I strongly suggest you read this section, as you may have a disability, which you were unaware is a legally recognised as a disability. The following are legally recognised disabilities, which employment tribunals recognise. However, the list is not exhaustive!
www.formalgrievance.com - how to write a letter of grievance to your employer to enter the grievance procedure, due to workplace stress, work harassment or discrimination in the workplace. www.formalgrievance.com contains a free letter of grievance, and grievance letter templates, examples and samples of grievance letters.


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Leader of the Central Asiatic Expeditions and Vice-Director (in Charge of Exploration and Research) of the American Museum
Peaks protected fifty years ago by the Wilderness Act no longer keep mountain goats safe from human impact.
By the 1920s, California had lost all of its grizzly bears—once considered a distinct species and an emblem of the state.
Preconceptions skew our view of the biggest killer in the developed world, atherosclerosis.

subset: commoncrawl


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Reuters blog archive
from Counterparties:
Tax King
Burger King is moving to Canada. The American fast food chain is buying Tim Horton's in an $11 billion cash-and-stock deal and will incorporate over the border. It's an obvious tax inversion move. Or is it? According to Burger King's CEO Daniel Schwartz, "We don't expect there to be meaningful tax savings or a meaningful change in our tax rate."
Or not. Matt Zeitlin reports that while that's technically true today, "the company could reap significant tax savings if it continues to grow overseas." The consensus is that this is definitely a tax inversion deal. Matt Levine says it's an "immaculate inversion," and writes, "the result is that Burger King will do an inversion where a majority of its U.S. shareholders won't owe taxes."
However, one of the arguments against tax inversions is that they are economically unpatriotic (if there is one thing that characterizes companies, it's patriotism over profits). But on this point, Timothy Noah writes that "Burger King is only nominally an American company now. It was bought in 2010 by 3G Capital, a Brazilian-owned private equity firm."
The thing about this deal is it has surfaced debate about corporate taxation more broadly. In a strange pairing of interests, Dean Baker and Greg Mankiw make arguments for abolishing corporate taxes. Mankiw thinks we should replace the corporate tax (and some personal income taxes) with a "broad-based tax on consumption." Baker says that high corporate taxes have just created a huge tax-avoidance industry and it's worth abolishing the former to destroy the latter.
from The Great Debate:
Think everything on a dollar menu costs a dollar? Think again.
How expensive are those everyday low prices? How much do things really cost on that fast-food restaurant's dollar menu? The answer is more than you think, but maybe not for the reason you think.
The Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP, the current name for food stamps) is often thought of as something for the unemployed, though nothing could be further from the truth. Actually, 73 percent of those enrolled in the country's major public benefits programs are from working families, just stuck in jobs whose paychecks don't cover life's basic necessities.
from Expert Zone:
Budget 2014 is only the first step
(Any opinions expressed here are those of the author and not of Thomson Reuters)
Much was expected from Budget 2014/15 without realizing that India's economy has its own rhythm, which changes only by small degrees if left to itself. That is why big-ticket reforms are necessary to quicken the pace. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had reason to move forward with caution and make changes only at the fringes.
No wonder then that P. Chidambaram almost welcomed the budget as if it was a carryover from his own budget. Even the increase in shareholding by foreign investors in the insurance and defence sector, which Jaitley has announced, had been on the previous government's agenda. Now that the opposition has shrunk, the Modi government took the first opportunity to do that, though with conditions.
from Counterparties:
Transit trouble
Summer is the peak season for both traveling and new construction, so it's just about the worst imaginable time for the country's transportation funding to be on the verge of running out. On Tuesday, Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx sent letters to the heads of all 50 state transportation agencies, telling them that the federal Highway Trust Fund would start to dry up by early August, leaving states on the hook for most of their transportation costs. The Highway Trust Fund provides anywhere from 30-70% of transit money to states, and Foxx has estimated that the average state will lose 28 percent of its federal funding. President Obama, giving a speech under the Key Bridge in Washington, D.C., plugged his own $302-billion plan to replenish the trust fund by closing corporate tax loopholes.
The culprit, says Jared Bernstein, is the federal gas tax. At 18.4 cents per gallon, the gas tax provides a majority of the Trust Fund's revenue, but it hasn't been raised since 1993. Over the last 21 years, a number of factors have converged — the gas tax has not been indexed to inflation, the total number of vehicle miles driven in the U.S. has actually declined, cars are more fuel-efficient than ever — to reduce the purchasing power of gas tax revenues by 28%.
from Breakingviews:
Spanish government oddly passive on Catalonia risk
By Fiona Maharg-Bravo
The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are her own.
Investors in Spanish debt don't seem to worry much about the tension in Catalonia. Independence is a distant possibility, and yields on the country's 10-year bonds, at 2.7 percent, are now below the UK's. But the insouciance of the Spanish government on the matter is harder to fathom. The crisis won't simply go away if Madrid does nothing.
from Edward Hadas:
Shhh – don't talk about higher taxes
By Edward Hadas
The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.
Many people assume that tax increases are the only realistic response to excessive income inequality. They are wrong. There is a better way.
from MacroScope:
Will French numbers add up?
French President Francois Hollande's cabinet meets to adopt a new debt reduction plan.
After outlining 50 billion euros of savings for 2015-2017 to help pay for consumer and business tax cuts, the government is due to sign off on already delayed deficit reductions to bring it, eventually, to three percent of output as demanded by Brussels.
from MacroScope:
Sanctions loom for Russia
The European Union, as we exclusively reported yesterday, has agreed on a framework for sanctions against Russia, including travel restrictions and asset freezes, which goes further than many expected. The list of targeted individuals is still being worked on but will be ready for the bloc's foreign ministers to look at on Monday.
Angela Merkel will speak to the German Bundestag about the standoff with Russia. Merkel has been cautious about imposing anything too tough as she tries to convince Vladimir Putin to agree to a "contact group" that would reopen communications between Moscow and Kiev. But yesterday she said measures would be imposed next week – after a Crimean referendum on joining Russia which the West says is illegal - unless diplomatic progress is made.
from Felix Salmon:
The bank tax rises from the dead
Back in January 2010, Barack Obama — flanked by Tim Geithner, Larry Summers, and Peter Orszag — unveiled a new tax on big banks, or a "financial crisis responsibility fee", as he liked to call it. Of course, this being Washington, the initiative never got off the ground, and was largely forgotten — until now:
The biggest U.S. banks and insurance companies would have to pay a quarterly 3.5 basis-point tax on assets exceeding $500 billion under a plan to be unveiled this week by the top Republican tax writer in Congress.
from Felix Salmon:
Pension politics
David Sirota has a very important scoop today: the PBS series "Pension Peril" has secretly* been funded by John Arnold, a billionaire powerbroker with an aggressively anti-pensions political agenda. This looks very bad for PBS — but it's also bad for Arnold, who generally gets glowing press, and who would seem to have no good reason to have insisted on secrecy when writing the $3.5 million check that made the series possible.
The PBS series in question seems to fall uncritically into line with the beliefs of Arnold and other Very Serious People — that pension liabilities are a huge problem, and that the only way to fix them is to reduce the amount that pensioners get paid. But of course it's not nearly as simple as that.


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Rosetta Genomics: The Leader In MicroRNA-Based Molecular Diagnostics
Grant Zeng, CFA • Fri, Mar. 7 • 8 Comments
- Rosetta is an emerging molecular diagnostics company focused on molecular testing of cancer and other diseases using the company's unique and proprietary microRNA platform technology.
- Based on its microRNA platform technology, Rosetta currently markets four cancer tests: the cancer origin test, the lung cancer test, the kidney cancer test, and the mesothelioma test.
- With a focused marketing strategy in place, revenue growth will be accelerated in 2014 and beyond. revenue will reach $125 million in 2020.
- We think Rosetta's shares are undervalued at current market price. our relative valuation model suggests a fair value of $10.50 per share.
- Execution will be the key to the achievement of our price target. The fluctuation of the broader market will also impact the performance of the company's shares.


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The trailer to the documentary featuring Ric O'Barry on dolphin slaughter in Taiji, Japan. Spread the word.
How can you help to stop this world wide issue?
There are many things you can do to put a stop to this epidemic. Solutions may include:
-Signing the "Petition and Letter to World Leaders to End the Slaughter"
Sign this petition that will be sent to the president of the United States. Every signature matters.
-Tell others and get the word around.
By spreading the word about dolphin slaughter, you may motivate others to help out the cause. Many people do not even know about this issue. If enough people know, then they will want to put an end to this madness. By putting an end to this, we will be saving the dolphins.
Every penny counts.
-Tell aquariums to put a stop to aiding the dolphin slaughter.
Aquariums want dolphins, thus aiding the dolphin slaughter. If aquariums didn't need dolphins, then there would be a significant decline in the amount of dolphins being captured and slaughtered in Japan.
-Volunteer and personally going to Japan to help out on the Frontlines.
Every hand matters. By offering your time to help aid the stop to dolphin slaughter, you will stopping a world-wide issue.
-Fundraise money for the cause
Raise awareness in your community and raise funds for the Save The Dolphins campaign.
-Give "The Cove" to a friend
Give a DVD copy of "The Cove" to a friend. Have them watch it, and then have them give it to one of their friends. Eventually, more people will know about dolphin slaughter.


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What I find amusing ,, is you see these fine older 870's for sale,, and sometimes you just take one look at them, and can easily see the gun has been treated without respect. they will be dirty,, rusted outside and down the bore of the barrel,,,, action full of fine sand from the river bottom. evidence of salt water conditions,, stocks cut,,, fixed chokes modified and opened up,, and yet the owners will say they want to sell it cause they need a gun that can shoot steel shot!
They dont want to score the bore of the barrel!


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Philippine Lotto Draw Date: October 30, 2014 Thursday
Philippine Lotto Winning Number: 3-8-4-8-3-0
Philippine Lotto Jackpot Amount: Php 660,038.90
Philippine Lotto Winners: 0
the way, if you still haven't learned how people win the lotto almost
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Extra money is real, investible, spendable money!
You're seriously wasting lots of P20 bills every time you lose.


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Killington Region
Although the most terrain and longest season in the East is enough to keep even the most avid skier or rider busy for a week, vacations are not measured by numbers alone. Off-mountain activities and local nooks and crannies present endless opportunities for a well deserved day away from the slopes.
Birch Ridge Inn
At the Birch Ridge Inn, you will find an intimate restaurant serving a fusion of American and Continental cuisine for your dining pleasure.
Killington Chamber of Commerce
Visitors will find all the information they need about the town of Killington at the Killington Chamber of Commerce.
Killington Snowmobile Tours*
Guided snowmobile tours through the Calvin Coolidge State Forest and Park System offer some of the most breathtaking Green Mountain views in the entire state.
Long Trail Brewing Company
A taste of Vermont. Find your favorite hand-crafted ale here.
The Pickle Barrel Nightclub
Known as the house that rocks Killington. Featuring the best in live entertainment.
Town of Killington
Every season brings new reasons to explore, discover, and thrive in the Town of Killington.
Sushi Yoshi
Sushi Yoshi Chinese Gourmet & Hibachi Steakhouse combines the best and freshest flavors all under one roof.


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search for a card
Result of the search for the collectible card:
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|Feature Articles
Advances in detection technologies have enabled new, efficient diagnostics, but only if manufacturers thoroughly understand the assay design process.
The West Nile Detect IgM Capture ELISA by InBios International Inc. (Seattle) is a sandwich-type competitive assay. (Photos Courtesy InBios International Inc.)
Immunological approaches to diagnostic assays have come a long way since the concept was introduced for insulin in the 1960s, and for thyroxine in the 1970s.1,2
Immunoassays use antigens or antibodies as analytical tools and are based on the observation that in such a system, the distribution of free, as opposed to bound, analyte forms are quantitatively proportional to the analyte concentration in the system. Occasionally, assays are based on a specific binding protein in combination with antibody detection. Today, immunoassays are performed routinely, with or without sophisticated instrumentation. They range from simple point-of-care tests for use in the field or doctor's office to advanced clinical assays being run in high-throughput instruments with advanced robotics in clinical reference laboratories and blood banks. In addition to the integral role of diagnosing infectious disease, the immunoassay has revolutionized endocrinological testing, and is playing a growing role in the detection of cancer and various autoimmune diseases.3–6
With the boom of scientific technology and global monitoring of disease, immunoassay design has become a rapidly growing field. This article will focus on the immunodiagnostic approaches of InBios International Inc. (Seattle) to global infectious diseases, primarily in humans. It will also examine how small companies deal with regulatory and marketing issues, using as examples the development of an FDA-approved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for West Nile virus and a lateral-flow rapid assay to detect visceral leishmaniasis.
The Immunoassay Concept
Because immunodiagnostics use the antigen-antibody reaction as their primary means of detection, it is necessary to review some basic principles of this reaction before discussing test design.
Antibodies are host proteins produced in response to the presence of foreign molecules (antigens) in the body. They bond to antigens to form an immune complex that signals uptake and degradation by host phagocytic immune cells. Antibodies are synthesized primarily by plasma cells, terminally differentiated cells of the B-lymphocyte lineage. They are a large family of glycoproteins that share key structural and functional features. Functionally, they can be characterized by their ability to bind both antigens and specialized cells or proteins of the immune system.
Structurally, antibodies are composed of one or more copies of a characteristic unit that can be visualized as forming a "Y". Each Y contains four polypeptides—two identical copies of a polypeptide called the "heavy chain" and two identical copies of a polypeptide called the "light chain." Antibodies are divided into five immunoglobulin (Ig) classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD. This classification is based on the number of Y-like units and the type of heavy-chain polypeptide they contain. Each Ig class plays a specific role in the immune response, with IgM production being the initial antibody response for most primary infections.
The region of an antigen that interacts with an antibody is known as an "epitope." An epitope is defined only by its interaction with the binding site of an antibody, and as such is not an intrinsic property of any particular structure. Because antibodies can recognize relatively small regions of antigens, occasionally they can find similar epitopes on other molecules. This forms the molecular basis of a cross-reaction. However, the presence of similar epitopes does not necessarily imply a functional relationship. The binding of the antibody to the antigen depends entirely on noncovalent interactions, and the antigen-antibody complex is in equilibrium with the components in the free state.
Simply stated, the immunoassay concept is to use one analyte—either antigen or antibody—to sequester and detect the presence of the other. For example, the antigen from an infectious agent can be used in an external assay to detect the presence of antibodies produced in response to infection by that agent.
Selecting the Matrix
Figure 1. (click to enlarge) Major steps and considerations in the immunoassay development process.
A number of considerations go into making a commercial immunoassay (see Figure 1). Once a target disease has been decided on, the first development step is to define the most effective source of analyte in body fluids or tissues. Depending on the availability of analytes, assay systems have been developed using plasma, serum, whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sputum, urine, or solid-tissue extracts. The nature of the matrix chosen is important both for the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay and the nature of the disease.
Analytes may be present in one or more matrices, but at considerably different concentrations. For example, distinct assays have been designed to incorporate different matrices in the following circumstances:
• Early pregnancy testing that detects human chorionic gonadotropin using urine and blood.
• HIV antibody analysis in both serum and saliva.
• The indication of West Nile virus infection through serum testing and the diagnosis of nervous system involvement through the detection of analyte in CSF.
• The assaying of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, and of antibodies to the organism or related proteins in serum and urine.
Thus, selecting the matrix or matrices best suited to the source of analytes and presentation of the disease is an important first step of building a diagnostic assay.
The Detection Method
Table I. (click to enlarge) Clinical study data for the West Nile Detect IgM Capture ELISA by InBios International Inc. Serological sensitivity = 99.4%, with a 95% confidence interval of 96.8–99.9%. Serological specificity = 100%, with a 95% confidence interval of 97.1–100%.
Since the use of radioactivity in the design of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) was first described 36 years ago, many alternate detection systems have been championed. The use of radioactive labels such as tritium (3H) and iodine (125I) and gamma or scintillation counters has largely been replaced by newer, nonradioactive methods. There are, however, some assays that require exquisite sensitivity and still use isotopes. Generally, though, the new detection agents are safer and more environmentally friendly, and have led to the development of more-advanced and high-throughput instrumentation.
Detection systems can be divided into two types, based on the test format. For rapid-type assays, analyte specific visual detection agents, such as reagents conjugated to colloidal gold or selenium or colored latex-type particles, are used.7 These particles are sensitive, but usually not as sensitive as an enzyme-linked immunoassay. As expected, the visual and inexpensive, one-step elements of detection are essential for point-of-use test design.
For instrument-compatible assays such as ELISAs, a solid- or liquid-phase system is most desirable. In this format, various enzymes, including horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and beta-galactosidase can be conjugated to analyte specific reagents. Following the analyte reaction, certain enzyme activities are studied using a sensitive substrate. This can include either chromogenic-, fluorogenic-, or chemiluminescence-generating substrates, which are typically detected by light-absorbance measurements (optical density). In addition, analyte specific reagents can be coupled directly to a fluorescent, chemiluminescent, or bioluminescent tag.
This new generation of detection agents provides extremely sensitive detection systems that can be used with high-throughput instrumentation and are helpful in developing simultaneous multianalyte assays.
Selecting the Format and Method
Deciding whether to test for the presence of antigen or antibody depends largely on the target diagnosis. In screening drugs of abuse, for example, inhibition immunoassays are used. For diagnosing malarial and hepatitis B viral infections, as well as several bacterial pathogens that cause acute illness, testing for antigen in blood, rather than for antibody, is crucial. Antibody detection in blood has also been critical for visceral leishmaniasis, hepatitis C, and syphilis infection. With some diseases that elicit prolonged immunity responses, discerning between primary and secondary infections can be challenging. Cell-based assays, such as those that use T-cells for cytokine or interferon-gamma induction to diagnose latent infection, are becoming popular for diseases such as tuberculosis.8
Table II. (click to enlarge) Clinical study data for the Kalazar Detect rapid test for visceral leishmaniasis by InBios International Inc. Serological sensitivity = 100%, with a 95% confidence interval of 97.9–100%. Serological specificity = 93%, with a 95% confidence interval of 88.5–96%.
The ELISA and the rapid, or dipstick, test currently are the two predominant formats in immunodiagnostics. ELISAs are created by coating the antigen or antibody on a suitable plastic. To complete the reaction, an enzymatic detection method with a color-forming substrate is required.
ELISAs can be either competitive or noncompetitive. The noncompetitive, or sandwich type, of ELISA is a standard tool for quantifying the antibody or antigen in a serum. One supplied analyte "captures" the complementary antigen or antibody in the serum. Then, a second labeled antibody coupled to a detection method completes the sandwich.
The West Nile Detect IgM Capture ELISA by InBios International is an example of this type of assay. To conduct the test, serum samples are applied to microtiter wells that have been coated with antihuman IgM. A West Nile–specific recombinant antigen is then applied to bind any West Nile IgM antibody complex. Finally, a West Nile antigen-specific antibody, coupled to a detection method, is used to "sandwich" the antigen and produce quantitative results.
In the competitive ELISA, a known amount of labeled analyte directly competes with the same analyte in the patient's serum. A well-designed ELISA is a prerequisite, even if the design goal is a rapid test. ELISAs help identify the correct sera (both positive control and negative control) used to optimize the subsequent lateral-flow or flow-through dipstick assay. However, while the ELISA format affords a sensitive and detailed look at analyte-sera interactions, it typically relies on large instrumentation and long reaction times, and therefore cannot truly be called a rapid test.
Figure 2. A workstation by BioDot Inc. (Irvine, CA) for continuous in-line dispensing, coating, and impregnation of lateral-flow membranes.
In rapid diagnostic tests, similar to those that InBios has developed for leishmaniasis and Chagas (T. cruzi) diseases, the antigen-antibody reaction occurs on a membrane support. These assays are conventionally called "antibody-capture assays." In this process, the antigen is attached to a solid support, and labeled antibody is allowed to bind (see Figure 2). After the excess antibody flows upward (in a lateral-flow assay), the test is either quantitated by measuring the intensity of the test line, or yes/no information is extracted by visually confirming the test line. The latter method is suited for rapid screening and point-of-use applications.
Recent technological advances have created multiplex formats and instrumentation that enable concomitant sampling of multiple analytes (see Figure 3). When applied to 96-well ELISAs, the multiplex format allows up to 100 distinct target immunoassays within a single assay well. In one particular multiplex system, target analytes are bound to a microsphere distinguished by a precise internal dye ratio. The appropriate instrumentation reads both a fluorescence reporter bound to the captured analyte and the microsphere itself to distinctly analyze each miniimmunoassay within a single well suspension.9 This technology seems likely both to improve specificity and broaden the spectrum of immunodiagnostics.
Monoclonal or Polyclonal Antibodies?
Figure 3. Sample prototype of a multiplex rapid-test cassette, by PTG Global (Santa Ana, CA).
If a test design involves antigen capture, the next step is to produce antibody. Antibodies primarily of the IgG class are used in developing immunoassays for specific target antigens, and can be either polyclonal or monoclonal. Typically, polyclonal antibodies are developed in animal species such as sheep or goats, where large quantities can be produced. In general, polyclonal antibodies, when used to develop an immunoassay, are affinity-purified against the antigen to render them monospecific.
Monoclonal antibodies are typically developed in mice using well-established hybridoma techniques, but other species, such as rats and rabbits, have also been used. Monoclonal antibodies can be designed to hit different epitopes on the same antigen molecule, making them the antibodies of choice for use in sandwich immunoassays. They can also be designed with high affinity and specificity. In contrast, affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies would hit multiple epitopes on the antigen of interest unless the polyclonal was either developed to a specific peptide epitope or was rendered monospecific by affinity-purifying against that peptide epitope.
In the case of indirect immunoassays, where, for instance, host antibodies to a particular antigen are detected, an antibody against the specific immunoglobulin would be used in conjunction with a labeling system, thus also requiring antibody production. Again, considerations for choosing the target immunoglobulin would include analyzing the most effective and encompassing tool for diagnosis.
Choosing the Antigen
Whole-cell lysate, purified protein, and recombinant protein are all sources for antigen when an antibody capture test is being developed. Sometimes, sufficient specificity is attained using lysates or partially purified proteins. Cross-reactivity and high background levels may become a factor when using multiple analytes, and therefore the effort of creating recombinant proteins is generally rewarding, especially for future regulatory submission purposes. In addition, the cloning of particularly strong epitopes will often reduce background and increase sensitivity.
The buffer in which the antigen will remain dissolved also merits attention. Typical buffers used in rapid-test development include 10 mmol phosphate, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), borate, borate with dissolved salt, sodium acetate, and others. The selection of a buffer's pH is crucial for optimal antigenic activity and is influenced by the isoelectric point (pI) of the antigen. For some buffers, a peculiar problem arises: Newly made tests perform well and provide good sensitivity and specificity; but as they age, performance worsens.
Moreover, buffers are antigen dependent. One antigen may perform well in PBS (pH = 7.4) and may provide the desired shelf life. However, the same buffer and pH may give disastrous results with a different antigen. There is no general rule for the selection of buffer. Experimental results are the only indicators.
When an antigen is dialyzed in a given buffer and the buffer is not compatible, the antigen might precipitate out of solution. This is an early indication of an adverse antigen-buffer interaction that might produce poor antigenic activity.
Knowledge of the antigen's pI can also help researchers select the appropriate buffer. The antigen to be detected can be a circulating antibody to a specific antigen, which is the case in the Kalazar Detect rapid test for visceral leishmaniasis by InBios. In this antibody capture assay, a recombinant protein, rK39, with repeating epitopes, is immobilized on a solid phase (membrane or 96-well plate) and incubated with serum from visceral leishmaniasis patients. This is followed by incubation with goat antihuman IgG-HRP (ELISA) or labeling with colloidal gold for lateral flow.
Prototype Assays
During the development process, it is necessary to create a prototype that incorporates all of the required assay features. At this stage, sensitivity and specificity are assessed and the assay reagents fine-tuned. The resulting prototype is field tested before being committed to clinical trials.
Figure 4. Kit reagent lots are tested as a part of the assay quality control process.
To carry out thorough prototype testing, confirmed positive samples as well as negative controls are used to establish sensitivity and specificity data. (Inadequate specificity, for example, might necessitate looking at alternate antigens or adding epitopes.) Interlab, interassay, and intraassay reproducibility data must also be assessed to establish the robustness of the assay. The stability of kit reagents is tested at a variety of temperature and environmental conditions (e.g., humidity), and dilution ELISAs are used to accurately pinpoint antigen and conjugate concentrations (see Figure 4). Both real-time and accelerated stability are studied to determine kit shelf life. In the end, a design goal of the assay is to incorporate optimum sensitivity and shelf life without losing specificity.
Field and Clinical Studies
Clinical trials are needed to validate an assay and determine its performance characteristics in preparation for regulatory submission. Typically, trials are performed at three or more clinical sites. The locations of these sites should be pertinent to disease prevalence and the locations where the tests will be used. The purpose is to show that the test's results are reproducible at different sites and that its performance characteristics are confirmed independent of the manufacturer. Studies of the assay's specificity, sensitivity, interfering substances, and cross-reactivity are performed, as are comparisons to established reference methods. For example, among West Nile virus diagnostics, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) serves as the standard method for comparison.
Tables I and II show data from clinical studies for the West Nile Detect IgM Capture ELISA and Kalazar Detect rapid test. Each data set represents one of the several sites that are included in the field trials. Data such as these are an important part of the regulatory submission procedure and help direct future work (e.g., the need to modify test sensitivity). It is not unusual to see differences in test sensitivity and specificity among different geographical regions, which influences antigen and antibody selection.
Regulatory Approval
To be sold commercially in the United States, immunoassay kits must obtain regulatory approval. For assays that involve human testing, this means approval through FDA. Veterinary applications require approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. With regard to FDA, most of the IVDs discussed in this article would require either a premarket approval or a 510(k) clearance.
Once a test is submitted to FDA, the clinical trial results are reviewed and additional studies performed as necessary to answer specific questions. This may take anywhere from three to six months before final approval is received. As the process unfolds, marketing can continue; however, all kits and reagents must be labeled "for research use only." As part of a regulatory approval, manufacturers are open to inspection and scrutiny by FDA or other regulatory bodies to ensure product quality.
To market an assay in the European Union or European Economic Area, a similar approval process is required, resulting in the mandatory CE marking of the product. The practice of using one or more analyte specific reagents to develop a diagnostic product for use in-house is referred to as "home-brew" manufacturing and is common in less-developed parts of the world, where healthcare expenditures prohibit the widespread use of commercial kits. The quality of these tests is often quite good and they can be customized for specific needs. However, overall, they may lack the standardization and quality control assurances that accompany approved kits.
Once regulatory approval has been obtained, marketing of the diagnostic can begin. Marketing for products from large companies is typically performed through the companies' own marketing and sales divisions. However, for small companies, such departments are typically not feasible until sales reach a certain level. Instead, small companies must rely on other methods for promoting their products. These include providing information at scientific symposia through an exhibitor's booth and presenting scientific abstracts or talks describing the performance of their products. A growing number of small diagnostics companies are also using Web sites to promote and sell their products. When marketing IVDs to foreign countries, it may be prudent to set up distributorships in the countries of interest. These distributors help speed both the importation of approved test kits and their sale to laboratories and testing sites. They can also help deal with the foreign FDA-equivalent authorities, if necessary.
There is an urgent need to develop reliable, user-friendly, and inexpensive diagnostic tools and vaccines for countering infectious diseases worldwide. Monitoring potential pandemics has become increasingly difficult with today's global migration patterns, and effective isolation of a disease requires quick diagnosis. Furthermore, the specificity and sensitivity of a test must be of the highest quality to be fully adaptable. The considerations for immunoassay design presented here represent an overview of the multifaceted development process.
(R to L) Bonnie J. Stewart, PhD, is project manager, Raymond L. Houghton, PhD, is director of new product development, WJW Morrow, PhD, is director of new technology acquisition, and Syamal Raychaudhuri, PhD, is chief scientific officer at InBios International Inc. (Seattle). The authors can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, and firstname.lastname@example.com, respectively.
01. GH Lyman and L Balducci, "Overestimation of Test Effects in Clinical Judgment," Journal of Cancer Education 8, no. 4 (1993): 297–307.
1. RS Yalow and SA Berson, "Immunoassay of Endogenous Plasma Insulin in Man," Journal of Clinical Investigation 39, no. 7 (1960): 1157–1175.
2. RJ Ekins, "Radioimmunoassay of Thyroid and Steroid Hormones," British Journal of Radiology 43, no. 515 (1970): 828.
3. WR Robertson, A Lambert, and N Loveridge, "The Role of Modern Bioassays in Clinical Endocrinology," Clinical Endocrinology 27, no. 2 (1987): 259–278.
4. J Schmitt, "Recombinant Autoantigens for Diagnosis and Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases," Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 57, no. 7 (2003): 261–268.
5. E Kawasaki and GS Eisenbarth, "High-Throughput Radioassays for Autoantibodies to Recombinant Autoantigens," Frontiers in Bioscience 5 (2000): E181–190.
6. SA Bogen and SR Sompuram, "Recent Trends and Advances in Immunodiagnostics of Solid Tumors," BioDrugs 18, no. 6 (2004): 387–398.
7. J Chandler, T Gurmin, and N Robinson, "The Place of Gold in Rapid Tests," IVD Technology 6, no. 2 (2000): 37–49.
8. M Pai, LW Riley, and JM Colford Jr., "Interferon-Gamma Assays in the Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review,"
The Lancet Infectious Diseases 4, no. 12 (2004): 761–776.
9. DA Vignali, "Multiplexed Particle-Based Flow Cytometric Assays," Journal of Immunological Methods 243, nos. 1–2 (2000): 243–255.


text:
HUNTINGTON (AP) — A 46-year-old Huntington man who admitted accepting heroin and prescription painkillers in exchange for rent has pleaded guilty to distributing oxycodone.
The government says Jerry A. Lowe entered his plea on Monday. His sentencing was scheduled for June 24 in U.S. District Court.
Prosecutors say Lowe admitted that he received heroin and painkillers from two men who have since been sentenced to prison terms on drug charges.
U.S. Attorney Booth Goodwin says Lowe could be sentenced to 20 years in prison and fined up $1 million.


text:
800-232-7171 or 419-837-5522
Fax: 419-837-9631
Welcome to 795 Tire Service, Inc. a Goodyear Truckwise Tire Center and Independent Dealer in Toledo, Ohio since 1988.
As the premier Goodyear Truckwise Service Center in Toledo within 50 miles, we are confident that we will meet your requirements the first time, so you can count on us when you come through again.
We handle Goodyear National Accounts and GUARANTEE to have Goodyear Tires in stock. We stock Goodyear, Dunlop, and Kelly new tires. We have an excellent selection of Virgin Used Tires, also with immediate access to other major tire brands. Goodyear retreading and Bandag ETA are also available. Goodyear and Bridgestone National accounts are also available.
With 6 trucks that can service you 24 hours, you cant go wrong when calling 795 Tire Service Inc. Please call 800-232-7171 or 419-837-5522.
795 Tire Service, Inc. 3958 Rockland Drive Millbury (Toledo), Ohio 43447 419-837-5522 800-232-7171


text:
Hear my voice, strong willed, defiant. I do not succumb to what tries to silence me for I am here and now and I shall be heard.
Marv - "Remember, we're no longer the 'Wet Bandits'. Now we're the 'Sticky Bandits'!"
Harry - "Shut Up!"
Marv - "That's S-T-uh…"
Cop - "I!"
Marv - "I…"


text:
About Me
Well, im a very out there teenager, and i'll blog about anything really! Im religious(Christian- Dont hate!) and i give my full honest opinion an everything i blog about. So if you get offended by something i blogged, Im sorry you feel that way! Im open for suggestions about what to blog, and i hope you enjoy! :)
Anything & Everything :)
" You Could Always Tell What Kind Of A Person A Man Thinks You Are By The Earrings He Gives You" - Audrey Hepburn


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text:
There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be freeif we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contendingif we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon, until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtainedwe must fight!I repeat it, sir, we must fight!! An appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts, is all that is left us!
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Source Notes: Source: PATRICK HENRY, speech to the Virginia Convention, Richmond, Virginia, March 23, 1775.William Wirt, Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry, 9th ed., p. 140 .For information on the authenticity of the text of this speech, see the notes at No. 1061.
Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736 June 6, 1799) was a prominent figure in the American Revolution, known and remembered primarily for his stirring oratory. Along with Samuel Adams and Thomas Paine, he was one of the most influential (and radical) advocates of the American Revolution.


text:
Former WVC narcotics cop's appeal hearing is postponed
Crime » No date set for fired detective, who became department's 'scapegoat,' attorneys say.
By janelle stecklein
The Salt Lake Tribune
First Published Feb 20 2014 05:22 pm
Last Updated Oct 06 2014 09:50 pm
Attorneys representing a former Neighborhood Narcotics Unit detective and West Valley City agreed Thursday to delay a hearing appealing the officer's his termination.
The hearing for former Det. Shaun Cowley, scheduled to begin Monday, was continued until a later date that had not been set as of Thursday afternoon.
Cowley, a former member of the discredited and now-defunct narcotics unit, was fired last year for allegedly mishandling evidence. His attorneys have argued his punishment was disproportionate to the rest of the unit and that he became the department's "scapegoat."
Attorney Keith Stoney, who is representing Cowley, said they asked for the continuance in order to have time to review documents that the city provided this week following a Tuesday hearing before the West Valley City Civil Service Commission.
Stoney said they have already reached out to the city to set a new date.
West Valley City spokesman Sam Johnson said the city was ready to go forward with the hearing Monday, and does not plan to settle with Cowley.
Cowley fired the shot that killed 21-year-old Danielle Willard during an alleged November 2012 drug bust. That shooting is reportedly not listed as reason for his termination. The Salt Lake County District Attorney's Office deemed the shooting of Willard was not legally justified. No criminal charges have been filed against Cowley in connection with the shooting.
The shooting episode sparked an internal probe of the narcotics unit after drug evidence dating back a year was allegedly found in the trunk of Cowley's patrol car, rather than the department's evidence room.
The probe revealed multiple violations, including that members of the unit had mishandled evidence, inappropriately used GPS tracking devices, kept trophies, or removed change and other property from suspect's vehicles.
Six of the officers have been disciplined; a seventh officer remains on paid leave in connection with the Willard shooting.
Cowley and former Lt. John Coyle — who headed the narcotics unit — are both appealing their discipline to the civil service commission.
During a hearing last month, Coyle claimed his discipline was overly harsh compared to other officers in the unit.
Coyle's demotion to the rank of officer resulted in an annual pay cut of about $20,000, said his attorney, Erik Strindberg, while people beneath Coyle were given "slaps on the wrist."
The three-member commission has not yet decided whether to reinstate Coyle to his former rank of lieutenant.


text:
(Source: bokalistaako)
how can you not love dogs i dont understand
That German Shepard is so cute
(Source: lucas-com-k)
the first post ever on tumblr
(Source: onleatherwings92)
Thermochromic table by Jay Watson
imagine banging someone on that table
imagine being home alone and seeing imprints on that table
noooooo stop
Imagine having a friend sit at that table for a long while, but when they get up there's no imprints at all.
What if you got up after trying to console a crying friend, and found that you had no imprints… and they were crying because they missed you?
aaaah it was a cool table now it's a horror/drama story
American Horror Story 4 : The Table
(Source: rialxoan)
long postfieryscourge:
"If a clock could count down to the moment you meet your soul mate, would you want to know?"
One minute, 37 seconds.
My legs are shaking. Holy cow, there is no way I can do this. None.
One minute, 29 secods.
I glance around at the faces surrounding the room. Of course my Meeting would take place in the gross, overcrowded cafeteria.
One minute, six seconds.
Somewhere within these four walls, someone has the exact same countdown on their wrist. They're going through the exact same pressure as me.
54 seconds.
Mom said I should be excited, not nervous. Yet I still find myself wiping my sweaty palms on my dress. I can't believe she talked me into wearing a dress. I mean, shouldn't my Soul Mate meet me as I normally am? All plain jeans, blah shirts, and wild brown curls?
30 seconds.
Something deep within me tells me to stand up. I do, drawing the attention of my tablemates. They all know too. They smile encouragingly up at me. I chew my lip nervously.
25 seconds.
That same feeling pulls me towards the center of the room. My stomach drops away from me as I take a step in that direction.
20 seconds.
I continue in that direction. With each step the tempo of my heart picks up.
19. Faster.
18. Quicker.
17. More rapid.
16. It's racing.
Oh my god this is it. The moment my life changes forever.
My eyes search frantically around the cafeteria, searching for someone who looks as nervous as me. For someone who's heading towards their future with no sense of direction like me.
10 seconds.
The feeling directs me slightly to the left. I turn to accomodate.
5. My heart has given up entirely.
4. I stop walking.
3. Just waiting left.
2. Everything is about to change.
1. Deep breath.
0000 d 00 h 00 m 00 s
Someone bumps my shoulder. I twirl around and my gray eyes meet blue, blue ones.
"Hello there, love. It appears as though we're Soul Mates then, eh?"
As my words fail me, the only thing I can think is "I'm so glad I shaved this morning."
I'm sitting outside a cafe when it happens, sipping some cheap drink, pretending to enjoy the sunshine. The counter runs to zero, and there is an audible click, the tab deactivates, falls off. The clink of polyurethane to cobblestone floor is echoed a few feet ahead of me. I shake a proffed hand, look up at a disdainful face.
"This is all I get?"
It's just a couple more weeks, now. I've been watching closely as the numbers tick steadily down. Just a couple more weeks, I keep telling myself. Out of my group of friends, I'm on what they like to call the "fast track," people whose numbers start much lower than others.
Two weeks, six days, fifteen hours. The clock keeps ticking. Two weeks, one day, four hours.
The days are getting so close now I'm pretty sure my uncontrollable excitement is starting to seriously annoy everyone around me. My friends tease me incessantly about who they imagine my soul mate will be. Tall, short, fat, dimples, nail biter, foot tapper.
At one week, three days, and seven hours, the clock stops.
Instead of a soul mate I get condolences, a therapist, and a broken clock.
I hurry down the clinic hallway as I slip on my button-down shirt. They just installed it- how could it have been just two minutes?
Two minutes, thirteen seconds to be exact, and I was nowhere near ready! My hair was a mess, and I felt something in my teeth. I had to look good for my soulmate. A perfectionist through and through.
A sign hanging from the ceiling pointed to a restroom to the right. I checked the time again. A minute and thirty-three seconds? Fuck! I picked up the pace and almost slipped on the time floor.
Time was almost up and my heart was racing. Finally, I dashed into the bathroom to fix myself up. The door shut, and as I looked into the mirror, I heard a click.
I checked the time. Zero.
What? This doesn't make any…
I looked back at the mirror. Then back at the timer. Back at the mirror. Back at the timer.
"Aw, shit."
Can this please become the new machine of death??? I want a whole book of little stories like this!!
Forgetfulness and loneliness could be such a deadly combination, especially in this case. Or perhaps it was just a lack of noticing how long I really had. The last time I looked down at my wrist was God knows when. Maybe yesterday, maybe last week. Possibly longer. And living in such a busy city should have really made me more aware of when I was going to meet my soulmate.
It was one morning when I was drinking my coffee when I realized already that it was already at 000 days.
00 hours.
00 minutes.
And 00 seconds.
My heart drops. I could have passed my soulmate by in the crowd of people crossing the street. It could have been that woman who gave me directions to the bookstore or maybe the waiter who let me have a free cup of coffee. It could have even been that man who almost mugged me a few nights ago, knowing how strange fate can be.
But I never knew who that one person for me was. I'm going to have to go through my whole life without another chance to meet them again. I wonder how they feel about all this…
Not a half hour after installation, my clock went off. A doctor (very handsome, although clockless) was working on my bedside, assisting my nurse. Well then, we both must have thought, why not?
Early on, things went smoothly. But when your clock goes off, it usually does. There's no not-knowing. You're insured. It's safe.
He and I were comfortable.
Very domestic.
And I was bored (to tears).
This man was not what I had envisioned. He was safe, and easy and cut and dry.
He didn't understand, and though he was happy (content) with me, I wan't with him. I left.
Busted clock, I thought. A scam? Maybe it's just not for me.
But what bothers me most, is that when I think back,
my nurse was clockless too.
And I'm not sure what that means.
'Seventeen' my mother said, like it meant something. She squeezed my hand when the put the clock in, as if it was a guardasil shot, some sort of painful, preventative measure against something that could hurt me.
I've heard the way she talks to the preacher when I'm not there- in her mind, it probably is.
On the drive over to the game months later, she tries bait my enthusiasm as my clock winds down; 0d, 1h, 29m 38, 37, 36s- She says; 'what if it's the football captain?'
And I joke; 'what if it's my band teacher?'
And her face turns white and cold, mouth hard over a smile that's clenched into a grimace.
I take my place in the stands with the rest of the marching band, fellow flutists looking at my clock with varied expressions. Envy, hope, congratulations, curiosity. A few rows behind me, the percussionists start taking bets.
I play through almost mechanically, stomach churning with nerves as the game winds on and the clock counts down. Down on the field, the home team is crushing the visitors, which is bad news, since it means that for the next few weeks things will be tense back home as the team tries to recapture their honor after having lost so badly.
The game comes to halftime eventually, and the players file off as the home cheerleaders take the field once more, center stage while the boys regroup.
One girl with hair bright enough to see from the stands is lifted into the air by her teammates until she's level-eyed with me, and my heart stops when the clock on my wrist does.
The beeping is all the way down in my lap but I can hear inside my skull. From the look my mother sends me from a few rows over, I can tell she either heard it too, or she's been counting along as well. She follows the tracks of my eyes, and her face goes just as white as mine does when she catches sight of the cheerleader staring almost blankly at me.
I'm frozen. My mother stands.
I bolt.
Down, down to the field, leaving the flute behind, leaping the fence. I have to see her, get to her- Or at least, the was the plan.
My mother's hand catches me sharply on the shoulder, pointed nails digging deep into my skin through my uniform before I'm even halfway out of my seat. Down on the field, the cheerleader is crying.
'No daughter of mine'- she hisses and the next thing I know I'm in the car, crying quiet as she drives me to the camp from the brochure the preacher gave her two months ago.
'There are people who can help' my mother says through a clenched jaw, the muscles in her face twitching with rage and effort as her knuckles turn white around the steering wheel. They're specialists in this sort of repair. Your clock is just broken, that's all. You'll be spending some time with them so they can fix this-
'You mean fix me' I say, and my mother nods shortly.
'Yes. Fix you.'
"Congratulations!" I call, as a new couple kiss to cheers from the crowded street. It was magical to watch - the beeping going off simultaneously, the two locking eyes, running towards each other… Magical.
I look down at my clock and sigh. Twenty seconds. Though it's been twenty seconds for years. I still remember horror on my friend's faces when we realised what had happened. I'd dressed up. Nothing too fancy, just nice jeans and a girly top, but I'd had my hair done. My nails, too. I'd even got my friend to do my make-up for me, though she kept trying to persuade me that I should have a natural face when meeting my-
It took over a year to come to terms with. I used to have to stay inside, for fear that I'd see a couple like the one in the street and break down. I would hate how their clocks could work so perfectly, while mine was so pointless. I'm better now, though. Doctors offered to remove it for me, but I asked them if I could keep it. Maybe I'm sentimental, maybe I'm just used to it now.
I get up to order a hot chocolate, then sit back down again. The new couple are sitting a few tables along from me; the woman's crying, the man can't stop smiling. It must be nice. But I'm content.
I stir my hot chocolate, and look around absent-mindedly. My eye catches the barista's, and I smile before I really notice the way he's looking at me. Then down at his wrist. Then up at me.
But… It can't. I can't be-
I look down at my wrist.
0000d 00h 00m 00s.
(Source: illness-and-instruments)
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Upcoming National Conference for Media Reform – Great DealThe content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.muninetworks.org/content/upcoming-national-conference-media-reform-great-deal
Free Press is hosting the next National Conference for Media Reform (NCMR) in Denver, April 5-7. Though the panels are not finalized, it is safe to assume that we will have a few on broadband and telecommunications policy. That's why I just registered for it and will undoubtedly be speaking on one or more sessions…. Continue reading


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In college, one of my English professors threatened to institute a "sorry jar" policy for the females in his classes. Like the "swear jar," the sorry jar would have required a monetary donation any time a female spoke in class and, at some point in her talking, apologized. Apparently his female students—strong, smart women in a top liberal arts college—often (unconsciously, accidentally) apologized, just for expressing their ideas.
In 2011, The Atlantic published 235 pieces men and 91 by women. Harper's: 141 men, 42 women. The London Review of Books: 504 men, 117 women.
VIDA: Woman in Literary Arts compiles the above numbers every year, one of their many efforts to explore critical and cultural perceptions of writing by women. Their first annual fundraiser, hosted by Riverhead Books, will be June 18, 2012, in Brooklyn. I suggest you attend—not only to drink unlimited beer and to mingle with Emma Straub but to support this organization and the women writers out there who, every day, are fighting to be heard.
i would lose every dime in my possession D=
I love everything about this. Who's coming with me?
come with me somebody!
I will keep repeating this story as long as I want to keep repeating this story.
In college, one of my English professors threatened to institute a "sorry jar" policy for the females in his classes....
this marks the 1901302385th time i've wanted to live in nyc


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Well, here we are. The 2014 NHL Olympic Break. With more than half of the regular season completed, the Detroit Red Wings have experienced an unfamiliar roller coaster of a year. Injuries and disappointing play have led to some painful moments for the team and fans, but along with these lows there have been some incredible highs. These are the Top 5 Detroit Red Wing moments of the season thus far.
Moment #5: The Wings Draft Anthony Mantha
The Detroit Red Wings organization is known for its incredible scouting ability. Star players like Pavel Datsyuk and Henrik Zetterberg are examples of late draft picks that other teams still hang their heads about and say "How did we miss that talent?" However, Ken Holland plucked a likely future Wings star out of the QMJHL 20th overall in the 2013 NHL Draft. Anthony Mantha is absolutely tearing up the QMJHL, with 47 goals and 97 points in 44 games this season. Last year, he put up 50 goals and 89 points in 67 games. This season, Mantha has a 2.20 PPG average, just below Sidney Crosby's best PPG average in the Q at 2.47. Although this actually happened before the season started, his superstar potential earns him a spot on this list.


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Hard2Guard Player Development Newsletter
Category Archives: Lateral Movement
Change of Direction Speed (CoDS) for Basketball
The Relationship between Change of Direction Speed in the Frontal Plane, Power, Reactive Strength, and Strength BRIAN T. McCORMICK, JAMES C. HANNON, MARIA NEWTON, BARRY SHULTZ, CHARLIE A. HICKS-LITTLE, NICOLE DETLING, and WARREN B. YOUNG
Posted in Lateral Movement Tagged agility, frontal plane, Power, research Leave a comment
NBA Combines, Box Agility Test, and Defensive Performance
Last weekend, I attended the Boston Sports Medicine and Performance Group Conference. The conference is one of the best conferences in the country for strength and conditioning coaches and sports medicine professionals, and regularly draws some of the best speakers. … Continue reading
Posted in Lateral Movement Tagged Bob Alejo, box-agility test, BSMPG, Chris Paul, Mike Conley Jr, NBA Combines 5 Comments
Teaching lateral movement with proper shin angles
Below is a video by Brijesh Patel, the strength & conditioning coach at Quinnipiac University. This is exactly how I teach lateral movement with basketball players.
Posted in Lateral Movement Tagged Brijesh Patel, defense, knee valgus, shin angles 3 Comments
Basketball Lateral Agility
I saw this picture by Charles Rex Arbogast on Sactown Royalty accompanying an article titled "DeMarcus Cousins Ain't No Joke."
Posted in Lateral Movement Tagged agility, Demarcus Cousins, lateral movement Leave a comment


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|07 May 2010
windows 7 64bit
USB to Serial cable not working
I have HP laptop with windows 7 64bit home premium on it, I got a prolific usb to serial converter as the driver was listed as being Windows 7 compatable.
I installed it and the driver loaded ok, all looked good, I set the com port (7) in the 32bit program I was running to the com port the usb had been allocated, all looked ok, but the DTR signal keeps going on and off every 30 seconds or so, the program I am running should be able to control this signal, but the program has no control at all, it just keeps going on and off.
The OS says the driver is ok and the port is working, but it isn't, any pointers would be apreciated.
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My Brother, Bradley - Chapter 8 I thought I was trapped in a realm of darkness, but then my eyelids slowly began to open. All around me was nothing but light. Had I really left the realm of the living? No…I couldn't have. As the distortion of my vision began to clear at last, my eyes cringed shut in pain; unprepared for the blinding onslaught of florescent light bulbs. A ceiling? It took a few moments to regain total consciousness before I realized I was in a hospital room. I gathered as much strength as I could and scanned my whereabouts. I was tucked in tightly under a heavy, warm blanket; unable to move anything besides my head. I expected the room to be empty, but I wasn't alone. I stopped when I saw Monica sitting in a chair at my bedside. Words could not express her relief to see me awake. She rushed out of the room and returned with four other followers; three of whom I recognized almost immediately but refused to believe the coincidence of it all. Monica exited for a moment to
My Brother, Bradley - Chapter 1 How long has it been since I last thought of him? A few weeks? Months? Years even? I can hardly remember anything anymore since time always seems to elude me further with each passing day. From the day I was born, my mother and father had always told me that our lives are governed by three aspects: money, mystery, and time. We don't understand how or why they work the way they do, and all we can do is accept them as part of our reality. Money dominates our physical world. It gives us the things we crave most and drives our most primitive, monstrous urges. People will kill for the sake of money. It's sickening really; humanity always giving way to the dollars and coins. Every morning I used to turn on the news and hear some gruesome report of yet another murder or robbery with casualties stacking up like orders at the kitchen window of a bustling diner. The motive is the same every time. Someone always does it to get some money they feel they're entit
Guardian AngelI'm the ghostly man they never saw.No eyes to see; no mind to think; no mouth to speak; no hands to touch.My thoughts were myth; nothing to know.Why did He create me then?Does it amuse him to watch me down here taking up space, unnoticed and unacknowledged?There's no special one out there for whose life I am to complete.There's no ability I posess that will guide me into history or fame.I have nothing to contribute; no gift to share.So why?Then I notice you.So cold is your hand. Icy without feeling.So swollen are your eyes. No more tears to weep.So dry is your mouth. Words have abandoned you long ago.Your heart aches with misery.Your soul bleeds with solitude.There's no one who cares for your presence.Not a being walks alive who understands your nightmares.Your complexion melts into hate.A monster in view, but a desperate sorrow within.I place what would be my hand to your resentment.I dip tender words into your shattered heart.You do not turn away; you do not harm
My Brother, Bradley - Chapter 5 Every child's worst fear come alive is the realization of growing up. We are all slaves to time, dragged along the pavements of our destinies. Forced to bid farewell to the innocent days of yore now passed. As much as we loathed the very notion of admitting it, Bradley and I were growing up and time was trying to tear us apart. At the age of sixteen, adulthood was right around my corner. Bradley had just turned seven years old, and while he still had plenty of childhood years left, he wasn't enjoying them as much as other children his age did. He and I had spent our finest years together, but things were starting to change. I wasn't around as much, leaving my brother alone to find ways to entertain himself. He always made a habit of turning to me for ideas of what to do so trying to find his own entertainment was a skill that Bradley was well out of practice with. I was nearing the end of my high school years. Soon I would be expected to move out of the
My Brother, Bradley - Chapter 4 Time went by and I was growing into a teenager just as Bradley was outgrowing most of his baby habits. But some of those habits grew up with him instead of disappearing as I'd hoped. Bradley had grown out of his habit of unconsciously touching and breaking…well, everything. That's not to say he was never clumsy, but now he only broke things on accident upon rare occasions since he realized he would now have to face punishment for bad deeds just like everyone else. My brother mastered walking but took more of a fancy to running around with his limitless energy that little kids always seem to have. Bradley was also finally able to understand me whenever I would try to tell him something, but that didn't mean he always took my advice. Unfortunately for me, Bradley exercised his new ability to talk in complete sentences with pride by constantly asking me questions about everything. From questions about life itself to asking me if I wanted to play ever
My Brother, Bradley - Chapter 2 My parents, Robert and Sally Stern, were high school sweethearts and married after they had each finished college. Dad worked as an architect and Mom as an accountant. They settled down in a small suburban neighborhood in the dream house that my father had imagined; complete with plenty of space to raise a family. The house had two floors, four bedrooms, two bath, a kitchen, living room, a two-car garage, and two spacious yards with a patio in the back, and a porch in the front that stretched to match the length of the house. Mom and Dad had been settled in the house for three years before I was born. I was named after my great grandfather on my father's side, Stephen. Mom had never admitted this to anyone and I believe she still wouldn't to this day, but I think that deep down she had always wanted a daughter and was disappointed that I didn't turn out as such. Mom had always wanted a younger sister growing up but remained an only child. She wanted some
My Brother, Bradley - Chapter 3 The early years of life with Bradley were very different from what I was expecting at the time ever since I saw how innocent he looked in the hospital the early morning he was born. It was vastly different from my life as a single child and just about as terrible as I thought it would be when my mother was still pregnant with him. Maybe I was just too exhausted at the time to see past his innocent first impression. More likely though, maybe I just hadn't realized how hard it was having a baby around. When I was first introduced to Bradley in the hospital room, I thought he would sleep for all hours of the day and so much so that I would even forget he was around. While he did sleep a lot, he was also awake at the least convenient hours of the night. In fact, I was kept up late the first several nights after Mom first brought Bradley home. He would cry during the late hours, loud enough that I was surprised the house didn't tremble from it. In fact, how Dad man


text: Andrew Strauss hails England's Ashes win in Australia Visit Victor Chandler Save For Later by Oddspreview staffPosted Andrew Strauss Share: 0 0 0 Get Cricket Alerts Related Articles See all Ashes news A battered and bruised England flew out of Australia with skipper Andrew Strauss certain their historic Ashes success had not been tarnished by the heavy one-day international series defeat England emphatically sealed the most coveted prize of their three-month tour Down Under when they beat Australia 3-1 in the Ashes. It was the first time England had won the little urn in Australia for 24 years and they did so with three innings victories. In the month since that success was sealed in Sydney, however, England have been on the wrong end of a thumping 6-1 one-day international series reverse. But asked if the end to the tour had tarnished the Ashes memory, Strauss said: "I don't think so. They are two different forms of the game and that Ashes victory was incredibly special and one that we'll savour forever. "You talk to people out there and they say 'great tour' even though we just lost 6-1. We're disappointed with the one-day results but we'll get onto that plane, certainly those who were involved in the Ashes, and be very happy with what we've achieved." Strauss admitted after a tour-ending 57-run defeat to Australia in Perth that he would have plenty to ponder on the long flight home as he and team director Andy Flower gather themselves for a World Cup campaign. Most concerning is England's long list of injuries – headed by middle-order batsman Eoin Morgan, who is due to see a specialist about a fractured finger but must be a major doubt for the World Cup, which begins on February 19, after Strauss revealed the 24-year-old sustained a "substantial break" to the top of the middle finger on his left hand. Strauss admitted he had already spoken to Flower about potential candidates to be drafted into the squad, but was reticent to name players until the results of Morgan's tests were known. "We have (spoken about replacements), but we have to see what the specialist says first," he said. "There's no point in thinking too far ahead if he is available. We'll be sitting down with the selectors when we get back to England." Visit Victor Chandler Read our Victor Chandler review Victor Chandler £50 free bet available now Contribute to this Story: Send us a tip Send us a photo or video Suggest a correction Send email facebook Twitter gPlus All Cricket News Recent Articles Ladbrokes have released their new promotion code for 2014/15 - MAXCASHLadbrokes have released their new promotion code for 2014/15 - MAXCASH. Joining Ladbrokes via using Ladbrokes promo code MAXCASH on the registration form will entitle you to a £50 free bet. 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1-6 of 6 houses for sale found
5 bedroom detached house for sale Cocksure Lane, Sidcup
For those looking for a substantial property with extensive grounds then look no further. This fabulous family home boasts extensive accommodation for the growing family including a large kitchen/breakfast room which is the heart of the house. The master suite is spectacular having bedroom with a... More details ›
Marketed by JDM Chislehurst, Chislehurst. Call: 020 8012 2398 Local call rate
£1,500,000 Guide Price
Guide Price £1,500,000
5 bedroom detached house for sale Rectory Lane Sidcup DA14
The Old House is a beautifully presented Grade II listed property with immense charm and an abundance of character. Set in the Kentish Manor of Foots Cray, originally a tiny village mentioned in the Domesday Book, the property's origins trace back to the Tudor Period. A comprehensive renovatio... More details ›
£875,000 Offers in Region of
Offers in Region of £875,000
5 bedroom detached house for sale Hadlow Road, Sidcup, DA14
We urge internal viewing on this stunning five bedroom Victorian home offering great character and charm. Set in the heart of Sidcup convenient to all local amenities including Sidcup Station, Sidcup high street and excellent schools, accommodation comprises of three reception rooms, family room/... More details ›
£825,000 Guide Price
Guide Price £825,000
5 bedroom detached house for sale Lansdown Road, Sidcup, DA14
Guide Price £825,000 to £850,000. With a fantastic 130ft garden backing onto 'Waring Park' this large five double bedroom Edwardian detached family home can be found only minutes walk from Sidcup main line station. Giving good access to amenities including schools,your early viewing is recommended. More details ›
£570,000 Guide Price
Guide Price £570,000
5 bedroom semi-detached house for sale Walton Road, Sidcup, Kent, DA14
Housesimple is pleased to present this 5 bedroom semi-detached chalet house on one of the most sought after roads in Sidcup. This is an ideal family home close to fast train links to central London and popular local schools. More details ›
Marketed by Housesimple Online Estate Agents, Nationwide. Call: 0845 603 9909 Call rates may vary
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5 bedroom detached bungalow for sale BARTON ROAD, Sidcup, DA14
Village Estates are pleased to offer to the market this well presented and spacious detached chalet bungalow situated in a popular semi rural location with reach of the ever popular Five Arches. Viewing comes highly recommended. More details ›
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