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Alamo Colleges Education Services is a secure portal connecting Faculty, Staff & Students to Academic Resources, Email, and other Online Resources.
Support Contacts Helpdesk (210) 485-0555 Weather Line (210) 485-0189
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A total of 67 students graduated October 23 from the Health Professions Opportunity Grant program, which offers free job training and support for students who are unlikely to be able to attend college otherwise. Read More >
Beginning in Fall 2014, students seeking an A.A. or A.S. degree at Alamo Colleges will select a transfer-major and be provided an advising guide to help... Read More >
The Alamo Colleges are now enrolling for tuition-free manufacturing technician training for qualified veterans... Read More >
The Alamo Colleges continues to make remarkable strides in achieving greater student success, with a record... Read More >
Students enrolling for Spring 2015 who are required to submit bacterial meningitis documentation may... Read More >
Some 51 students enrolled in the architecture and engineering programs at San Antonio College (SAC) shadowed... Read More >
Palo Alto College aviation program looks to embrace military veterans. Read More >
New for fall! Students, you no longer need a decal on your vehicle in order to park in student designated parking at any Alamo Colleges locations. Read More >
At their regular meeting July 29, the Alamo Colleges Board of Trustees elected new officers. Approved by acclamation were... Read More >
The University of Texas at San Antonio and Alamo Colleges have launched a new partnership this summer that is giving community college students the opportunity... Read More >
U.S. Secretary of Labor Thomas E. Perez met with Alamo Colleges Chancellor Dr. Bruce Leslie and others recently and toured the Alamo Colleges Advanced Technology and Manufacturing Academy. Read More >
The Alamo Colleges continues to make significant progress on achieving greater student success, with a record 6,371 degrees and certificates awarded to students in FY 2013... Read More >
Michael Torres
Major: Social WorkGPA: 3.5Palo Alto CollegeMichel Torres is the recipient of the January 2013 La Prensa Foundation Inspirational Student of the Month award and will receive $500 funded by La Prensa Foundation founded by Amelia and Tino Duran.
Mr. Michael Torres is pursuing an Associates of Arts in Social Work and maintains a 3.5 G.P.A. overall of all four semesters. He is hoping to work with LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bi, Transgender, and Queer) homeless youth in the future with non-profit management. His future academic goals is to transfer to Our Lady of the Lake University (OLLU) to pursue a Bachelor's in Social Work (BSW) and then transfer to UT-Austin for his graduate program with his Master's program in Social Work.
Michael is currently the President of the Palomino Alliance Coalition (The first Gay/Straight Alliance to be formed) which is a club to provide a safe and supportive environment for the LGBTQ and straight allied community at Palo Alto College regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity/expression. What lead to the formation of the club was to bring to the campus more awareness and education about the issues that are affecting this particular community and to promote encouragement by enlightening the talents that our students at Palo Alto College have to offer. He also brought awareness to this special day called "Transgender Day of Remembrance" which a display case was decorated with high heels to remember and stand in solidarity for those who identify under the Transgender umbrella who were murdered or killed for solely being themselves. He also volunteers his time at the Haven for Hope SA food bank.
He is a hard worker and self- motivated individual who enlightens everybody's day by the sense of spirit he has on campus. As a community activist and advocate, Palo Alto College is proud to nominate Michael Torres for the Alamo Colleges Student of the Month Award for the year of 2013.
Please help us in congratulating Michael Torres as the Alamo Colleges – La Prensa Foundation Inspirational Student of the Month Award for January 2013
201 W. Sheridan, San Antonio, Texas 78204-1429. 210-485-0000


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Papers on changes in DLR
Posted by Ari Jokimäki on August 19, 2009
This list of papers contains evidence of changes in downward longwave radiation (DLR) caused by changing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG). The list is not complete, and will most likely be updated in the future in order to make it more thorough and more representative.
UPDATE (February 3, 2010): Allan (2000) and some links to GEBA added.
UPDATE (October 8, 2009): I replaced the link to Wang & Liang (2009). It was at the time of the writing of this list so new paper that it only appeared in a "papers in press" list, but now it has a proper link to abstract page (no PDF seems to be available for free, sorry).
Global atmospheric downward longwave radiation over land surface under all-sky conditions from 1973 to 2008 – Wang & Liang (2009) "The decadal variation in global Ld under both clear and cloudy conditions at about 3200 stations from 1973 to 2008 are presented. We found that daily Ld increased at an average rate of 2.2 Wm-2 from 1973 to 2008. The rising trend results from increases in air temperature, atmospheric water vapor and CO2 concentration."
Combined surface solar brightening and increasing greenhouse effect support recent intensification of the global land-based hydrological cycle – Wild et al. (2008) "Here we present a first-order trend estimate for the 15-year period 1986–2000, which suggests that surface net radiation over land has rapidly increased by about 2 Wm-2 per decade, after several decades with no evidence for an increase. This recent increase is caused by increases in both downward solar radiation (due to a more transparent atmosphere) and downward thermal radiation (due to enhanced concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse-gases)." [Link to PDF]
The climatological record of clear-sky longwave radiation at the Earth's surface: evidence for water vapour feedback? – Prata (2008) "Here long-term (more than 25 years) mean monthly profiles obtained from globally distributed land-based radiosonde stations are subjected to detailed radiative transfer computations and Fourier time-series analysis. The results indicate that over the period 1964-1990, there has been a global increase in the clear-sky longwave flux at the surface. The global trend is approximately +1.7 W m-2 per decade, and there is a strong latitudinal pattern, with greater increases occurring in the tropics and smaller increases at both poles. There are also concomitant increases in precipitable water and the patterns appear to be highly correlated with increases in F↓. Increases in CO2 with time were not included in the calculations and it is estimated that the radiative impact of changes in CO2 on the F↓ trend is ∼20% per decade. A simple model of the dependence of surface air temperature and precipitable water on the downwards clear-sky flux supports the notion that both variables are contributing to increases in F↓. It is suggested that increases in precipitable water represent a positive feedback on F↓."
Measurements of the Radiative Surface Forcing of Climate – Evans & Puckrin (2006) "A comparison between our measurements of surface forcing emission and measurements of radiative trapping absorption from the IMG satellite instrument shows reasonable agreement. The experimental fluxes are simulated well by the FASCOD3 radiation code. This code has been used to calculate the model predicted increase in surface radiative forcing since 1850 to be 2.55 W/m2. In comparison, an ensemble summary of our measurements indicates that an energy flux imbalance of 3.5 W/m2 has been created by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases since 1850. This experimental data should effectively end the argument by skeptics that no experimental evidence exists for the connection between greenhouse gas increases in the atmosphere and global warming." [Link to PDF]
Variability in clear-sky longwave radiative cooling of the atmosphere – Allan (2006) DLR is among the issues discussed in this paper, but it is measured only indirectly (very indirectly, actually, from measurements of column integrated water vapor and temperature measurements). [Link to PDF]
Comparison of clear-sky surface radiative fluxes simulated with radiative transfer models – Puckrin et al. (2004) "The surface fluxes of several important radiatively active gases, including H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, and the chlorofluorocarbons CFC11 and CFC12, were simulated with the radiation band models from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) community climate model 3 (CCM3), the single-column community atmospheric model (SCAM), and the Canadian global climate model 3 (GCM3). These results were compared with the measured fluxes for a very cold winter day and with the simulated results for other standard atmospheres using the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM). The comparison shows that the total surface radiative flux contributed by all the greenhouse gases combined is well simulated by the SCAM and GCM3 radiation band models." [Link to PDF]
Radiative forcing – measured at Earth's surface – corroborate the increasing greenhouse effect – Philipona et al. (2004) "Here we show that atmospheric longwave downward radiation significantly increased (+5.2(2.2) Wm-2) partly due to increased cloud amount (+1.0(2.8) Wm-2) over eight years of measurements at eight radiation stations distributed over the central Alps. … However, after subtracting for two thirds of temperature and humidity rises, the increase of cloud-free longwave downward radiation (+1.8(0.8) Wm-2) remains statistically significant and demonstrates radiative forcing due to an enhanced greenhouse effect." [Link to PDF]
BSRN Longwave Downward Radiation Measurements Combined With GCMs Show Promise For Greenhouse Detection Studies – Wild & Ohmura (2004) Presents model simulations of DLR and some initial observational results. "First analyses of the available observational time series of LWD in the BSRN database show an overall increase over the past decade." [Link to PDF]
The Surface Downward Longwave Radiation in the ECMWF Forecast System – Morcrette(2002) Compares model results of DLR to observations.
Downward longwave radiation in general circulation models: a case study at a semi‐arid continental site – Wild & Cechet (2002) Compares model results of DLR to observations.
Evaluation of Downward Longwave Radiation in General Circulation Models – Wild et al. (2001) Compares model results of DLR to observations.
Evaluation of Simulated Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation Using Ground-Based Observations – Allan (2000) "Surface observations from a tropical ocean and a subarctic land-based site are employed to evaluate the clear-sky surface downwelling longwave irradiance (SDL) simulated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA). Comparison of simulated clear-sky and observed all-sky SDL highlights coincident periods of irradiance variability on various timescales in both datasets." [Link to PDF]
Longwave surface radiation over the globe from satellite data: An error analysis – Gupta et al. (1993) "Errors have been analysed for monthly-average downward and net longwave surface fluxes derived on a 5° equal-area grid over the globe using a satellite technique. … The errors in the TOVS-derived surface temperature, water vapour burden and cloud cover were estimated by comparing these meteorological parameters with independent measurements obtained from other satellite sources. Analysis of the overall errors shows that the present technique could lead to underestimation of downward fluxes by 5 to 15 Wm-2 and net fluxes by 4 to 12 Wm-2."
Downward Longwave Irradiance at the Ocean Surface From Satellite Data: Methodology and in Situ Validation – Frouin et al. (1987) "The results indicate that the satellite methods perform similarly, with standard errors of estimate ranging from 21 to 27 W m−2 on a half-hourly time scale and from 16 to 22 W m−2 on a daily time scale. These errors correspond to 6 to 8% and 4 to 6% of the average measured values, respectively. When compared with techniques based on empirical formulas that employ conventional surface data, the satellite methods also exhibit similar standard errors of estimate. The satellite methods, however, are favored, since they are generally less biased and globally applicable."
Estimation of daytime downward longwave radiation at the surface from satellite and grid point data – Schmetz et al. (1986) "A hybrid method is developed for the estimation of the daytime downward longwave radiation flux (DLF) at the surface. … The method is a first attempt to estimate the DLF at regional scales from satellite data on the cloud field and grid point analysis data on the thermodynamic field."
Downward Longwave Radiation at the Surface from Satellite Measurements – Darnell et al. (1983) "A new technique is presented for generating downward longwave flux at the Earth's surface from satellite meteorological data and a radiative transfer model The technique was tested by using TIROS-N data from 41 passes over a ground site covering a period of one month. Satellite-derived fluxes were compared with those measured by a ground-based pyrgeometer during each overpass. The standard error of the satellite-derived fluxes relative to the mean ground-measured values was found to be 6.5%." [Link to PDF]
Closely related
Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA) ("Proto-GEBA"), see also GCOS Switzerland GEBA page, especially this report.
Papers on atmospheric measurements of GHGs
Papers on changes in OLR due to GHG's

subset: commoncrawl


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Kisai Seven – Concept to RealityOctober 25th, 2011
Kisai Seven is the third fan-submitted concept to become reality from the Tokyoflash Design Studio Blog. The conceptual idea for Kisai Seven was submitted in October 2010 by a reader of the blog and fan of Tokyoflash, Scott Galloway from the UK. Read the rest of this entry »


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Ok, still having an absolutely rotten day and after laying Spencer down I went to go out and weed, and just see if anything was worth picking out in the garden. When, I came across the cucumer. I mean HOLY FREAKING CUCUMBER!!!! Of course, I found this after totally killing the carrots shown here… which, I'm totally sorry for, but I could NOT get them out. I had the shovel out (the big one) and still broke them off. Sorry carrots, but that's a LARGE cucumber. Proud of myself, too bad the county fair's over.
Something Else That Might Interest You:


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If you are asking questions like, "What do I want to do with my life?" or feeling stuck along your career path or stressing out about money or relationships, and are ready for some relief and solutions or just love getting inspired and motivated, it's time to take advantage of: The Quarterlife Upgrade FREE Virtual Conference July 22-26. Register for FREE here Christine Hassler has brought together 30+ of the top thought leaders of this generation to give inspiring and actionable advice across the categories of career, money, health, relationships, spirituality, and making a difference. Each 50-minute interview is jam-packed full of content. You will be...Read More
Calling all Pinterest lovers: it's time for a fun sweepstakes! Real Life E would like to thank its supporters by offering you the chance to win a signed copy of Elizabeth Grace Saunders' new book, The 3 Secrets to Effective Time Investment. Entry is easy and only takes a moment. Follow these quick steps to participate: Follow Real Life E on Pinterest and Twitter. Repin any quote from Real Life E's "Quotes from the Book" board onto your personal Pinterest page. Share the link of your repin via Twitter, making sure to include #RealLifeEQuote in the tweet. You can easily share the link by clicking on the pin's thumbnail and clicking "Tweet" on the...Read More
I had the privilege of representing women in business and being a role model for female entrepreneurship at the Extreme Entrepreneurship Tour event on March 30, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Thanks to the Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, the West Michigan Science & Technology Initiative, the Grand Rapids SmartZone℠, and all of the other supporters of this conference! Here's what students had a chance to say about my speech, "The Best is Yet to Come!" on how to turn every difficulty into an opportunity to succeed: Elizabeth Grace Saunders is a time coach who empowers individuals who are overwhelmed and frustrated because they want to...Read More
I recently had the privilege of doing a keynote speech at Lake Erie College and participating in an entrepreneurship panel with other fantastic entrepreneurs. Here's what one of the audience members had to say about what she learned: Other photos from the SIFE event-Open (Mind) for Business! Elizabeth Grace Saunders-Keynote Speaker at Lake Erie College Many thanks to the amazing SIFE students at Lake Erie College and Cliff Somerville, Executive Director of the Institute for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Leadership Development at Lake Erie College for making this event possible. I appreciate you! Please let me know if you're interested in me...Read More
I thought you might like an update on some of my recent travels! "I loved Elizabeth's energy & authenticity. She was able to share very well with both the students and professionals."-Angela B. November 5, I had the privilege of speaking for the Society of Women Engineers at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte. I so enjoyed spending time with these smart, savvy ladies and sharing how to be confident, present yourself professionally, and work effectively with men and women. Here are a few more photos from my "High Heels: How to Advance in Business Without Losing Your Skirt™" speech! "I love your message of not...Read More
Do you keep putting off your dream of starting a business? Are you stuck and don't know how to launch your enterprise? Do you feel like your business has overtaken your life? If you answered, "Yes!" to any one of these questions, I might have the solution for you. This November, I'm offering a home study course so that you can FINALLY move forward on your business. You see as a time coach for individuals across the country and as someone who constantly looks to overcome my own time challenges, I've seen that Real Change happens when there's not only information but also regular encouragement and accountability. This course is aimed at people who are...Read More


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Face claim for Juzo Kakei - Hideto Takarai
The Hojo Siblings: Saburo "Tora" and Ujimitsu "Mitsu"
Born only 11 months apart, Tora and Mitsu are sister and brother respectively, Tora being the elder of the two but third youngest of 9 children (7 boys, 2 girls). The pair stand out in terms of looks which were inherited by their British mother (pictured above), a famous model who married their yakuza father, Ujiyasu. Tora and Mitsu both carry the European appearance whereas the rest of their siblings have more Japanese features like their father.
Tora's shady background with a previous abusive boyfriend included her involvement with several crime cases and a few incidents that threatened her own life. Often times she would sneak under her bodyguard's watch to see her ex and came into contact with some rather dangerous substance abuses. This coupled with the abuse from her own boyfriend and older brothers has made her take on a "devil may care" persona as well as a very stand-offish personality that distances her from others. Underneath the exterior she is a very loyal and devoted person, often seeking approval and affection from those she hangs onto.
(Mitsu's info to be updated)
Rosaline's face model: Izabella Scorpuco
Tora's face model: Taylor Momsen
Mitsu's face model: Andrej Pejic
Yakuza Father and Son
Kakei Satoru
(Face model: Sanada Hiroyuki)
Often regarded as the wild-card among the yakuza circuit, Satoru is a man not to mess with. Serving under the Takeda-gumi, he holds a small section of territory as thanks for his years of continuous service as a hitman. He is calm and calculating, but also holds a severe temper and grudge underneath. He is willing to do anything to get information out of anyone by any means necessary. An able businessman, Satoru also carries a rather charming personality. His sons Seiichi and Juzou are both working among the yakuza much to his wife's chagrin, though are completely opposite in personality. While Seiichi is loud, abrasive and impulsive in nature, Juzou is the cold, quiet former child prodigy. He is also aware of his youngest's homosexuality and past undercover history.
Kakei Sebastian "Juzou"
(Face model: Takarai Hideto)
The youngest of the sons (his older brother Seiichi who works as a hitman for the Hojo-gumi), Juzou is of British-Japanese origin; his mother from England, and his father from Japan. Often working as an information gatherer and lead gunner, he has taken on darker jobs such as an undercover male prostitute and host. A child prodigy, Juzou is multi-versed in musical instruments and languages such as English, Spanish and German. He comes off as aloof, cynical and very quiet. Should one get past the outer exterior, there lies an outgoing and very abstract-minded individual. He is loyal to a fault, but doesn't take betrayal and deception lightly - leading to extended grudge holding much like his father. He also admires Officer Anayama, though has a very hard time opening up about his affections and instead turns in the opposite direction. He currently serves the Sanada sector under the Takeda-gumi.
(Source: kozotea)
(Source: dball2020)
(Source: dball2020)
(Source: dball2020)
Captian Dionysos and Feardorcha Solomon: Warlock of Pandemonium
Leif Rosenkrantz
(Face Model: Unknown)
Character biography to be posted here.
(Source: glorious-male-form, via kozotea)
The De Morenos Family
Alej's face model was chosen by his creator, magical-destiny on deviantART.
Very outdated because friendships die off and all that, but keeping for other uses.
(via kozotea)


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Recent Posts
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Tag Archives: woodside petroleum
oil and gas business … Browse Island
Santos has found more Browse basin gas. Midday: Aus shares widening weekly fall 07 Jun 2013 – Aus shares widening weekly fall. Oil and gas major Santos Limited (ASX:STO) strikes another gas discovery in the Browse Basin offshore Western Australia. … Continue reading
"a global environmental asset" …
The wild west? Eyeing the wildest of the west http://www.theaustralian.com.au As the article requires logging in, I will reproduce it below as it has extra importance in this region: A whale off James Price Point near Broome, where development is … Continue reading
Posted in Broome/Kimberley, energy, Environment, media, Oz politics, Resources, science, weather Tagged Broome, broome community, colin barnett, current-events, dinosaur footprints, environment, government, humpback whale., James Price Point, joint venture partners, kimberley region, kimberley wa, media, nature, Oz politics, politics, research, science, science and technology, sea turtle species, tourism, travel, vacation, weather, wilderness frontiers, woodside petroleum Leave a comment
egg on face for WA Premier …
Celebrations today, after Woodside are expected to announce a withdrawal of their plans to develop a giant refinery at James Price Point about a minute ago Woodside to shelve $45b LNG project http://www.abc.net.au The ABC's AM program has been told that … Continue reading
research continues on dinosaur trackways …
….Research on Broome's dinosaur trackways continues apace, despite recent Woodside threats to further damage the site with drilling activities. Goolarabooloo and Lurujarri Heritage Trail's photo. Dr Steve Salisbury, renowned Paleontologist and dinosaur track expert and Richard Hunter, Law Boss on … Continue reading
Posted in Broome/Kimberley, Environment, media, Oz politics, Resources, science, weather Tagged climate, dinosaur footprints, dinosaur track, dinosaur trackways, Dr Steve Salisbury, Dr Tony Thulborn, environment, government, James Price Point, kimberley region, kimberley wa, nature, Oz politics, renowned paleontologist, research, science, science and technology, steve salisbury, tim flannery, travel, weather, woodside energy, woodside petroleum 2 Comments
travesty of science … destroying 130 million year old heritage
See update at bottom of post! Dinosaur trackways found along the coast from Broome to Cape Leveque are some of the largest and most unique species found anywhere. This 200 km of coastline contains Broome Sandstone, a thousand and more … Continue reading
oil and gas war on academia …
Frackman Western Australia Fracking and academic freedom… The petroleum industry is waging a war on academics, twisting the data, twisting the arms, shutting people up and funding only the scientific outcomes in which give them the science they need to … Continue reading
Woodside, smashed …
Gas hub to smash window to past: Greens (Nine News) A $34 billion gas hub earmarked for James Price Point near Broome will smash a "window to the past", the Senate has been told. Woodside Petroleum is seeking environmental approval … Continue reading
Posted in Broome/Kimberley, Environment, Oz politics, Resources, science Tagged Broome, dinosaur footprints, environment, James Price Point, science, woodside petroleum Leave a comment
community surveys of bilbies, turtles and whales … analysis
Broome Community No Gas Campaign's album: Malcolm Lindsay's Bilby Study report. Malcolm Lindsay's Bilby Study report by: Broome Community No Gas Campaign Photos: 34
LNG ownership musical chairs…
Japan's Mitsubishi and Mitsui to buy into Browse · BY:MATT CHAMBERS · From:The Australian · July 04, 2012 12:00AM http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/mining-energy/japans-mitsubishi-and-mitsui-to-buy-into-browse/story-e6frg9df-1226416141340 · JAPAN'S Mitsubishi and Mitsui will join the controversial $40 billion Browse Basin LNG plant development planned near Broome, after operator … Continue reading
Challenging the rules…when Ministers change the rules
Sky News: Second challenge to Woodside survey http://www.skynews.com.au Sky News is Australia's leader in 24-hour news. First the environment minister and now the planning minister, finds himself in a spot of bother re:process and decsion making for JPP.…..LBeames The West … Continue reading


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Professional Affiliations
•American Bar Association•New York State Bar Association•Monroe County Bar Association•New York State Trial Lawyers Association•American Association for Justice•New York State Defenders Association
Arlow Linton is an associate in the firm's Buffalo, New York office. His experience includes matters involving construction litigation as well as contracts, zoning and property disputes, asbestos litigation, and workers' compensation. Arlow graduated cum laude from Michigan State University College of Law, where he participated in the Geoffrey Fieger Trial Practice Institute. Prior to law school, Arlow graduated cum laude from the State University of New York at Buffalo with a Bachelor of Science degree in geological sciences. Honors•Upstate New York Super Lawyers, Rising Stars 2014 (Professional Liability: Defense) •Recipient of the Walter E. Oberer Award


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Additional ReadingPeter Guralnik, Sweet Soul Music: Rhythm and Blues and the Southern Dream of Freedom (1986, reprinted 1994), gives a comprehensive overview of the movement. Jerry Wexler and David Ritz, Rhythm and the Blues: A Life in American Music (1993), is written from producer Wexler's point of view.
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Performing since the age of 15, native New Yorker Gilbert Gottfried still boasts a jam-packed tour schedule, a delivery like a rusty can opener and an affinity for saying the perfectly wrong thing at the absolutely wrongest time. Hot on the heels of his latest controversy, he headlines Carolines o ... More >>
George Saunders spills it
Dave Hill bares his absurd soul at the Bell House
Paul Simon and Wynton Marsalis Rose Theater Friday, April 20 Better than: Fighting the jazz wars. "My father was the family bassman," sang Paul Simon on a song from Simon and Garfunkel's last album, a line as true as confessional poetry. Like Paul McCartney and Elvis Costello, Simon grew up as th ... More >>
In their dealings with a potentially scary press person like myself, celebs are sometimes solicitous, occasionally pandering, at times delightfully ass kissy, but always tons of fun. Here are just a few of the highlights through the years:
Raquel Welch has been having a wonderful Film Society of Lincoln Center tribute series consisting of highlights from her saucy and diverse career. The other night, they showed The Three Musketeers--the catfight between Raquel and Faye Dunaway is absolutely priceless--and before the film, I g ... More >>
Beginning June 18 and running through July 2, the nonprofit organization Sing For Hope will once again install a bunch of pianos for public playing at various places around New York City in an installation that, this time around, they're calling Pop-Up Pianos. The 88 pianos60 uprights ... More >>
Clip Job: an excerpt every day from the Voice archives. June 21, 1973, Vol. XVIII, No. 25 Hype! Hype! Hooray! by Arthur Bell A heat wave blew into town last week. So did Merle Oberon, Malcolm McDowell, the Burtons, Ron O'Neal, Alice Cooper, Marlon Brando, withered endives, chopped liver fro ... More >>
Clip Job: an excerpt every day from the Voice archives. February 8, 1973, Vol. XVIII, No. 6 Mailer's Birthday by Lucian K. Truscott IV Norman Mailer is probably the only man in America who could give himself a birthday party, charge $50 a couple admission to the posh inner sanctum of the Fo ... More >>
No pics or video allowed, so let's just let "God's Song" crush us all over again. Randy Newman Town Hall Saturday, March 6 Better Than: James Franco, Anne Hathaway, and the whole lot. There was a seven-year-old boy at the Randy Newman concert. He sat in Row O, between his parents. It made sense, ... More >>
Clip Job: an excerpt every day from the Voice archives. January 20, 1972, Vol. XVII, No. 3 A pain in the gullivar By Arthur Bell The star of the hottest sinny in town came to town last week for a bit of promo on the old telly, and it was a case of clockwork orange, American style, wherein t ... More >>
As one of my esteemed colleagues suggested yesterday, this is a band that perhaps suffers some from being seen in the cold light of real life. Which is to say: appearances are not Yeasayer's strong suit, unless you go in for the Burning Man thing. Tonight's ensembles are no exception. But "Ambling ... More >>
Dudes hug it out with Paul Rudd
Thoughts on book tours, literary self-promotion, and one published writer's blog spat
Baggage from Marc Jacobs, Josh Brolin's take on Harvey's killer.
Voice writers pick their favorite 20 books of the year
Appreciating the rascal writer who started it all
Remembering the voice of moral responsibilityand unembarrassed hedonism
Lincoln Center Thaws Its Cold War on Jazz Activism


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7.5Sid Meier's Civilization: Beyond...
9.0A City Sleeps
5.5The Legend of Korra
7.0Samurai Warriors 4
8.0More reviews
|By GenreActionAdventureFightersFree-to-playMMOMusicPlatformShootersSportsRPGStrategyMore genres
What a better way to start the weekend with than with some good old-fashioned 1920's gangster thumb-breaking! Only a week away from its release, Kalypso has decided to share a slice of its version of Atlantic City with a PC d...
|Jason Cabral
Atlus and Kalypso Media have announced a distribution deal that will have Tropico 4 Gold, Port Royale 3: Pirates & Merchants, Omerta - City of Gangsters and DARK coming to consoles and Windows PC ...
|Dale North
After Haemimont rejuvenated the Tropico series with Tropico 3 and its Absolute Power expansion, Tropico 4 ended up being another great city builder, if not a huge leap forward for the series. While the changes to gameplay and UI streamlining were welcome, it didn't feel like you were playing a completely new game in last year's sequel.
Now, El Presidente strikes back at his critics as (s)he future-proofs the island nations in Tropico 4: Modern Times.view full story + comments
Ask any old-school PC gamer about his favorite tactical games, and more often than not you'll find a Jagged Alliance title near the top of the list. It's a name held in nearly as high regard as X-COM or Syndicate, and for good reason. Sir-Tech's classic series combined impressive depth with character and personality, cementing its place in the pantheon of all-time PC greats.
This makes the the job of Jagged Alliance: Back in Action all the more monumental, because not only does it lay claim to that revered name, but also to its legacy, for it is a direct remake of Jagged Alliance 2, rather than some spiritual sequel. Which, of course, leaves us with the question: "Does it live up to its forebear's example?"
In a word, it doesn't, but players looking for a substantial, generous tactical game to sink their teeth into should give this one a look all the same.view full story + comments
Ola El Presidente! There is more Tropico 4 goodness on the way, as Kalypso has announced an expansion to the popular banana republic sim: Modern Times. The new expansion will focus on taking your economy to the 21st century ...
|Maurice Tan
Today, Mash Tactics is taking up the reigns of government in Tropico 4. This society simulator tasks the player with managing the resources and infrastructure of an entire nation. Do Carnage and Wesley have what it takes to c...
|Bill Zoeker
Hola El Presidente! I see you have returned to rule Tropico once more, after having done so in Tropico 3 and maybe even after extending your rule in Tropico 3: Absolute Power. Because life as El Presidente is hard enough, you will be happy to know that the island nation will take more or less the exact same skills to govern as it did before.
Or perhaps the similarity will disappoint you.view full story + comments
Kalypso has released the very first screenshots for its upcoming horror game The Dark Eye: Demonicon. The company is known best for publisher bright n' breezy games such as Tropico, but as you can see, this particular offerin...
|Jim Sterling
We have already seen a trailer for this a few months ago, but Kalypso has now officially announced the newest expansion for Disciples III, which is due out on PC in January 2012. The company has also released 12 new screensh...
|Joshua Derocher
Kalypso is mostly known for publishing bright and sunny Tropico series, but the studio has turned to something a little more grisly with upcoming RPG The Dark Eye - Demonicon. With a name like that, it's not going to be ...
|Jim Sterling
We have last minute special guests from 505 Games stopping by to show us their new release Supremacy MMA! Get a first hand preview of this title with the expected release date of June 7th, 2011 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 36...
|Pico Mause
Great news for El Presidentes on the couch! While all the news released about Tropico 4 has centered on the PC version so far, Kalypso today announced that Tropico 4 is also coming to the Xbox 360 in Q2 2011. The main differe...
|Maurice Tan


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|After School Program
Price: $0.00
This program is designed to expose kids to golf, making the learning experience fun while developing a love for the game. What better way to learn than with your friends, while having fun and doing something you are good at. The program will develop a junior's fundamental movement skills (FMS), in other words create a better athlete and develop their sport specific skills, in other words teaching them golf-specific skills (GSS). Most experts agree that a child who develops a better base of the FMS will develop golf-skills at a faster rate and peak at a higher level of expertise.
Copyright Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail, All Rights Reserved. | Contact the Webmaster


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Sorry this product is temporarily out of stock
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Knox Walnut Dining Furniture Collection
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Available in a gentle shade of sand, our walnut wood upholstered dining chairs will add a touch of class and comfort to your home. Uplift your home with the rich tones of darkwood furnitureCrafted from strong wood and gorgeously rich, darkwood walnut veneer, our Knox Walnut Collection will add warmth and texture to your decor for a wonderfully homely and traditional appeal. Embracing bold shapes and strong designs, our darkwood furniture has a unique style, complemented by the gentle arch and thick legs of our natural dining chair. Our upholstered seats will keep you and your family comfortable at the dinner tableWonderfully comfortable to relax around the dinner table with a hot meal and good conversation, our upholstered chairs will ensure comfy support and cushioning throughout the evening. Take a look at similar items from our Knox Walnut Collection to complete a gorgeous, traditional style for your home. Please note: This product is subject to stock availability.
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Definition of grouper in English:
grouperLine breaks: group¦er
Pronunciation: /ˈɡruːpə /
(chiefly Australian /NZ also groper)
A large or very large heavy-bodied fish of the sea bass family, with a big head and wide mouth, found in warm seas.
- Family Serranidae: several genera, in particular Epinephelus and Mycteroperca
More example sentences
- Large fish such as groupers and moray eels can often be found resting next to a colony of shrimps, which flit out and crawl over the fish's skin while cleaning it.
- It is another country - on the dive we see angelfish, tarpon, grouper and moray eels.
- Larger fish such as groupers or other sharks have been known to prey on whitetips.
early 17th century: from Portuguese garoupa, probably from a local term in South America.
Definition of grouper in:
- The US English dictionary
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Word of the day demoralize
Pronunciation: dɪˈmɒrəlʌɪz
cause (someone) to lose confidence or hope


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This package for After Effects compatible programs contains 8 sophisticated filter. All filters are 16bit aware.. Free download of flAIR for After Effects, Mac (professional Lisence) 1.01, size 0 b.
AlphaStar - the power bundle of plug-ins for Adobe After Effects CS3 and other compatible editing programs. It allows the creation of demandable and helpful effects such as highlights, stars, rays, flashes, blinks, lens flares, rainbows and etc, and gives a lot of possibilities to decorate video and create both natural and artificial fantastical. Free download of AlphaStar 1.0, size 2.72 Mb.
Desuade Partigen is an extension for Adobe Flash which lets you create realistic vector and raster particle effects (such as fire, smoke, sparkles), without requiring you to do any complex coding. Simply put, Partigen is the easiest way to create real-time particle effects for Flash, in Flash. Every effect is generated in real-time and is fully. Free download of Desuade Partigen 1.0, size 2.13 Mb.
Cool Audio Editor is a powerful audio editing software that enables you to create, edit, filter, apply effects, and convert audio files.You can combine, copy, mix, insert, and do audio operations easily. You also can apply filters to a selected part of an audio file; reduce vocals; mix stereo channels; play an audio file or any part of it; and. Free download of Cool Audio Editor 3.23, size 10.68 Mb.
SFX Machine RT is a real-time version of the award-winning SFX Machine audio effects plug-in, now available in VST format for Windows.SFX Machine RT comes with hundreds of presets, including conventional effects like choruses and flangers as well as a wide variety of unique effects. Many of the presets include a pitch tracker or envelope follower,. Free download of SFX Machine RT for Windows 1.0.8, size 1.13 Mb.
SFX Machine RT is a real-time version of the award-winning SFX Machine audio effects plug-in. It is now available in Audio Unit and VST formats for Mac OS X, and VST format for Windows.SFX Machine RT comes with hundreds of presets, including conventional effects like choruses and flangers as well as a wide variety of unique effects. Many of the. Free download of SFX Machine RT for Macintosh 1.0.8, size 3.69 Mb.
SFX Machine Pro is the latest and most advanced entry in the award-winning SFX Machine family of audio multi-effects plug-ins. It comes with over 300 effects, including more than 50 new effects. In addition, a Preset Editor provides access to the underlying modular synthesis engine, allowing users to create their own effects from scratch.The. Free download of SFX Machine Pro for Windows 1.1.1, size 1.23 Mb.
Play sound with 3d effects on press key of keyboard or click mouse. This makes the process of typing more interesting, amuses, reduces stress, and helps encourage more rhythmical. Wave Alive includes three customizable sound schemes (Animals/Weapons/TypeWriter). Also you can manage own shemes.. Free download of Wave Alive 1.3 XP, size 1.78 Mb.
DDClip SE is a medium version, non-linear, non-destructive, multitrack, real-time audio and video editor with audio effects on tracks and entire project only for Windows. It allows you to process and mix up to 16 high-quality audio tracks on PC with any Windows-compatible sound card.DDClip SE is especially effective for scoring video clips,. Free download of DDClip SE 3.51, size 3.55 Mb.
Finally, a handy photo tool that will allow you to caption your photos with really cool effects! Apply outlines, gradient fills and shadows to any caption. You can rotate or flip your captions, adjust their transparency and even how they appear over other objects in the picture. Frame them with stylish panels and lines / arrows too. Liven up your. Free download of ImageElements Photo Captioner 1.1, size 4.08 Mb.
Large collection of photography effects at your fingertips.
Unleash the art latent in your pictures with simple operations.
The Random effect button will give you new and unique transformations and ideas with a single click. Once you find an effect you like you can reuse it in any other images and file it for easy access at any later. Free download of PhotoChances LAB 4.5, size 5.92 Mb.
Enhance your digital photos with these cool effects. Effects that you see in high end photo tools are generally not easy to replicate and not easily duplicated from picture to picture. ImageElements suite of products allows you to create the professional quality effects without high priced software and let you create them with only a few clicks of. Free download of ImageElements Photo Suite 1.81, size 7.88 Mb.
Filter Forge is a high-end plugin for Adobe Photoshop allowing computer artists to build their own filters seamless textures, visual effects, distortions, patterns, backgrounds, frames, and more. The key features of Filter Forge include a visual filter editor and a free online library of user-created filters to which anyone can contribute. Filter. Free download of Filter Forge 1.013, size 31.73 Mb.
AVTJet Impression Workshop is a home photo creativity software that can create artistic photos or combine your favorite photos into an artistic photo collage complete with resources such as photo frames, mask effects, rich cliparts and decorations, texts and various cool brushes.AVTJet Impression Workshop Key Features: Create cool photo or photo. Free download of AVTJet Impression Workshop V1.7, size 13.82 Mb.
Pixifex creates bitmap effects for Macromedia Flash, and does that real-time!Pixifex comes equipped with 24 highly adjustable effects, which the user can tweak using sliders and buttons.Any adjustment made takes effect immediately, which makes Pixifex a productivity tool that you cannot afford to miss out on. Creating high quality ShockWave. Free download of Pixifex 2.00, size 824.32 Kb.
Autochromatic is a Photoshop plugin that helps you create duotone, sepia, greyscale and color tint effects. You can use Autochromatic to add a rust or lavender tone to your image, create psychedelic color effects, change the foreground and background color of your pictures, or adjust the colors to blend with the color scheme of your web page.. Free download of Autochromatic 2.04, size 500.74 Kb.
Raster Effects is a plugin for Adobe Illustrator which creates high quality raster images from Illustrator's vector geometry. Renderings are based on smooth spline vector geometry created in Illustrator, and rendered anti aliased to a high definition image suitable for print or web applications.. Free download of Raster Effects 3.5, size 2.32 Mb.
Email Effects lets you instantly turn drawings, images, or tables into ASCII art.ASCII art is made up entirely of keyboard characters. Email Effects provides a variety of drawing and painting tools for creating ASCII art from scratch. Or you can paste any image, drawing or table into the program to have it instantly converted to ASCII art.Email. Free download of Email Effects 1.6, size 532.48 Kb.
mixed plugin effects PC for Photoshop, psp, photodraw and many other applicationscontains the following powerful plugin effectssharpersharperRGBpatternsgradient distortion/shiftdotsgridgrid distortionsand morepart of the ongoing series of plugins for Photoshop. Free download of Andrew's Plugins vol 13 - Mixed filter effects , size 0 b.
Texefex creates gradient text effects for your documents or webpages. You can use rainbow colors or create custom gradients. The output is in HTML or RTF format, which can be used in applications like Word, Powerpoint, Outlook. Texefex is the ideal tool to spice up your documents, presentations and even webpages.Texefex now also makes it possible. Free download of Texefex 3.1, size 1.50 Mb.
Develops makeup effects, including body suits, dental appliances, aging techniques and entire creatures.
Provides talent and services for mechanical, electronic and hydraulic effects, as well as amusement ride engineering, set design and fabrication.
Focuses on special effects, models, prop manufacturing, light engineering, for films, stills, TV commercials and video. Credits include Tomb Raider, Enigma, Titanic, Gladiator and several James...
Produces special effects for film and television. Fire, wind, rain, snow, explosions, mechanical effects. UK.
Full-service special effects facility. Props, costumes, animatronics, vacuforming, special effects makeup, and miniatures.
Leading British modelmaking and special effects company providing services for film, TV and commercials.
Design, development and complete construction of animatronic characters, puppets, characterizations and special make-up effects. Argentina


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Don't flirt for fun. Don't make me feel special, when I'm not truly special to you. Don't call me cute nicknames unless it's specifically a cute nickname for me. Don't call me babe unless I'm the only one you're calling babe. And don't leave me wondering how you really feel about me, when I don't mean much in your life. Because, honestly, how I feel about you is much more than how you feel about me.
You wish he would not kindly, but rudely tell her to fuck off and that he's happily taken with you. Too often guys say, "oh she is just being friendly" and let them continue flirting with him and that shit hurts. Boys, if a girl is flirting with you while in a relationship don't let that shit slide. If guys were getting at your girl I'm pretty sure you'd want her to tell them to fuck off because she's yours and your hers.
I want to meet someone unexpectedly, develop feelings for them without my acknowledge doing so, then end up telling them how I feel regardless if they feel the same or not. I just miss having true feelings for someone. I don't want to meet someone with a cute face and just "flirt", I just want to meet someone whom I can be myself around and still have a friendship while forming a relationship.


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Patterns by
Judi Ward
Click on pictures for larger view.
Newest Pattern!
Fingers, toes, ears, nose, bellybutton, bottom and 13 joints! This wonderful 27" doll is shaped like a little girl about 6 years old and has a lovely, lightly needle-sculpted face using Judi's "Practically Foolproof" one stitch methods. Make yarn hair or put a real doll wig on your fabulous Dahnia. Patterns for her beautiful dress, pinafore, pantaloons, shoes and stockings are included with the doll pattern.
Click HERE to
View/Print Supply List!
$11.50 - Qty:
Hannah Maggie
This 21" vintage style doll in Bavarian dress has felt hair, terrific
underlining techniques and an optional weighted bottom for good sitting.
$15.95 - Qty:
For intermediate or advanced dollmakers, this beautifully detailed 25"
fashion doll is invisibly jointed at the hips and shoulders. Learn Judi's
famous clay-in-the-nose technique and so much more.
Click HERE to View/Print Supply List!
$11.50 -
Isabella Helen
Marvelous 24" reproduction of a home made cloth doll from the late 1800's or
early 1900's. Pattern contains the doll, gold dress, chemise, pantaloons
and boots with detailed directions for the painted hair and face.
$11.50 - Qty:
Wooden Reproduction with Supplement
Learn the painting techniques that make stuffed fabric look like carved wood
on this wonderful 21" reproduction stump doll. The Supplement includes
instructions for making a beautiful and versatile unpainted version that has
a breast plate. Full color patterns include 125 photos.
$22.90 - Qty:
Molly Monkey
This delightful 23" monkey made of a combination of craft velour and felt is
invisibly jointed and can stand alone in real baby shoes. The full color
pattern features 125 photos detailing every aspect of the construction - as
thorough as a class!
(Judi offers a Free Pattern of Bruce the Banana - Molly's Toy!)
$15.96 - Qty:
Preemie Doll Pattern
by Sandy Eding
Adapted from Judi's newborn pattern, this doll has been developed to be as
realistic as possible and increase understanding of premature babies.
Instructions included for making 13 through 40 week gestation baby dolls.
$12.50 - Qty:
0 to 3 Months Size Baby
Realistic 20" newborn baby that can wear real baby clothes as pictured but
pattern includes topper, panties and bonnet.
$9.50 - Qty:
6 to 9 Months Size Baby
Sweet 26" baby with bent legs can sit up all alone. Clothing patterns
include a cute round yoke dress, panties and Mary Jane shoes.
Dollmaker's Journey
© 1999-2014, Dollmaker's Journey
All rights reserved.
Privacy and Security Statement


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Results tagged "Al Qaeda"
Would you like to limit the tag results display to a specific section?
If you do, then pick any of the sections below:
Or simply go to the aggregated tag results from:
Recent Words Prompt Reassessment of Qaeda's Leader
Al Qaeda wanted attack to change balance of power in Middle East, sources say
Al Qaeda threat to Denmark on the wane
US adds emir of Pakistan-based Mullah Nazir Group to list of global terroristsBahawal Khan, the leader of the Mullah Nazir Group who is considered to be part of the "good Taliban" by Pakistani officials, continues to support al Qaeda, runs training camps, and conducts operations in Afghanistan.
Wishful thinking on the war on terror
AQAP's emir also serves as al Qaeda's general managerNasir al Wuhayshi, the emir of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, has been appointed the overall general manager of al Qaeda. Osama bin Laden's letters contain a description of the general manager's role.
US kills 4 AQAP operatives in Yemen drone strikeThe strike, which took place in the central province of Marib, is the fourth in Yemen in 10 days.
Al Qaeda Threat: Officials Fear 'Ingenious' Liquid Explosive
Qaeda Leader's Edict to Yemen Affiliate Is Said to Prompt Alert
So, is al Qaeda still defeated?
Not taking chances: Commandos on Margallas as capital put on high alert
Intercepted al Qaeda message led to shuttering embassies, consulates
The softer side of Salafist jihad?
Zawahiri rebukes Muslim Brotherhood for trusting democracy
Interpol issues global security alert linked to jailbreaks
Jihadists launch suicide assault at Indian consulate in Jalalabad
Local AQAP commander reported killed in recent US drone strikeAl Khidr Husayn al Ja'dani, al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula's emir for Abyan province, is thought to have been killed in the July 30 strike. He replaced an AQAP leader who was involved in the USS Cole attack.
US closes diplomatic facilities in response to al Qaeda threatThe State Department said 21 US embassies and consulates will be closed on Sunday, Aug. 4, in response to a suspected threat from an al Qaeda affiliate. No specific details about the threat have been provided. Al Qaeda-linked jihadists assaulted multiple diplomatic facilities in September 2012.
Sources: Al Qaeda plot tied to embassy closings on Sunday


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On-Base Perception
Newsday's new all-encompassing baseball blog on the Yankees, Mets, MLB and more from around the sport.
BloggersErik Boland Marc Carig Cody Derespina Nick Klopsis Mark La Monica David Lennon Casey Musarra Anthony Rieber
ArchivesMore »
Newsday's Mets prospect rankings
1. ZACK WHEELER, RHP, Las Vegas 51s (AAA): 3-1 (10 starts), 4.13 ERA, 53 K, 23 BB
Just a waiting game now until Wheeler comes off this list and is promoted to the majors.
2. TRAVIS D'ARNAUD, C, Las Vegas 51s: 250 BA, .429 OBP, .472 SLG, 1 HR, 8 RBIs
Recovering from a fracture in his left foot.
3. NOAH SYNDERGAARD, RHP, St. Lucie Mets (Class A): 2-2 (10 starts), 2.73 ERA, 54 K, 15 BB
He's walked just two batters during his last three starts while striking out 16.
4. RAFAEL MONTERO, RHP, Las Vegas 51s: 5-4, 3.03 ERA, 67 K, 9 BB (AA and AAA combined)
Struck out five in 6 2/3 innings in first start after being promoted to Triple A, but allowed two runs and four hits and took the loss.
5. BRANDON NIMMO, OF, Savannah Sand Gnats (Class A): .302 BA, .400 OBP, .396 SLG, 1 HR, 12 RBIs
Back from injury and displaying a keen eye for the strike zone.
6. WILMER FLORES, 3B/2B, Las Vegas 51s: .289 BA, .335 OBP, .466 SLG, 4 HR, 38 RBIs
During the past three weeks, Flores has doubled his home run total and driven in 18 runs.
7. CESAR PUELLO, OF, Binghamton Mets (AA): .293 BA, .376 OBP, .494 SLG, 7 HR, 31 RBIs
Promotion to Binghamton seems to have helped him rediscover his stroke.
8. JACK LEATHERSICH, LHP, Binghamton Mets: 1-0 (19 games), 1.42 ERA, 48 K, 13 BB
Has punched out 48 hitters in 25 1/3 innings a season after he struck out 76 in 48 innings.
9. GABRIEL YNOA, RHP, Savannah Sand Gnats: 6-2 (9 starts), 3.19 ERA, 50 K, 9 BB
Excellent control; hasn't posted a strikeout/walk ratio lower than the 4.38 he put up during his first season.
10. KEVIN PLAWECKI, C, Savannah Sand Gnats: .340 BA, .414 OBP, .553 SLG, 6 HR, 39 RBIs
Mets' first-round pick in the 2012 draft (35th overall) has good plate discipline and solid power. Scouting reports commend his game-calling behind the plate.
Las Vegas 51s, PCL (AAA): Record: 27-26, 4th place. Last week: 5-1
Binghamton Mets, Eastern League (AA): Record: 31-24, T-2nd place. Last week: 4-2
St. Lucie Mets, Florida State League (A): Record: 29-22, 2nd place. Last week: 2-3
Savannah Sand Gnats. S. Atlantic League (A): Record: 32-22, 2nd place. Last week: 4-3
Brooklyn Cyclones, NY-Penn League (A-): Season begins June 17
*Records through Friday
Tags: Mets , Zack Wheeler , Travis d'Arnaud , Wilmer Flores , Rafael Montero , Brandon Nimmo , Jack Leathersich , Ceasr Puello , Kevin Plawecki , Gabriel Ynoa


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Latest from Canadean
Select an update from below:
- Make-up in Brazil: An obsession with beauty and image
23 October 2014
The Brazilian beauty market is growing rapidly – despite Brazil's receding economy. A new report by Canadean finds that the desire to look beautiful among young Brazilian women is stronger than the recession.
- 'Health halo' surrounding protein resonates with UK consumers
23 October 2014
A new Canadean survey finds that consumers in the UK start acknowledging the importance of eating and drinking products that are high in protein. However, it also reveals that consumers do not have enough protein in their daily diets – a challenge and opportunity for manufacturers.
- Looming price hikes and quality issues mean consumers will take greater notice of declining bee populations
22 October 2014
Recent action to halt declining bee populations shows how dwindling resources will impact both manufacturers and consumers. Consumers will begin to truly take notice of environmental issues when the price of products increases and the quality decreases, with manufacturers limited by the resources on offer. This time is closer than many think.
- Forget on-the-go: UK uses liquid water enhancers at home
20 October 2014
The rapid growth of liquid water enhancers as an on-the go product across the US has encouraged manufacturers to target the same market in the UK, but the different consumer needs call for an alternative marketing approach.
- Difficulty in opening tinned food will drive demand for alternative types of packaging
14 October 2014
A new survey by Canadean finds that one in five (22%) consumers consider tinned food difficult to open. With British consumers spending over £8 billion on the most convenient food products, manufacturers will increasingly adopt easier to open packs such as pouches for vegetables, soups, meat, and fish.
- Consumers still hot for spicy food
08 October 2014
Canadean's analyst Sam Allen comments on the growing popularity of all things spicy, from Nando's 'Extra Hot Chicken Breasts' to Tesco's 'Three Chilli Steak Burgers' and ASDA's 'Habenero Chilli Peanuts.'
- Rising demand for natural sweeteners
07 October 2014
New Canadean report on non-caloric sweeteners: The concerns about obesity and related health problems plus sugar taxes in many countries have stimulated the market for non-caloric sweeteners. Particularly the natural plant-derived sweeteners such as Stevia are getting popular as more people look for natural products.
- Canadean Beverage Packaging Congress 2014
28 October 2014 - 29 October 2014, Brussels, Belgium
Join us at this year's Beverage Packaging Congress in Brussels on the 28-29 October, where the industry will meet up to assess the very latest facts, figures and forecasts in beverage packaging.
- Beverage industry is wising up to an aging population
02 October 2014
Although historically the marketing of soft drinks was focused on the youth market with the key age bracket of 10-24 year olds, Canadean detects great opportunities in targeting the growing aging population.
- UK prefers vegetables over miracle health cure products
02 October 2014
A majority of UK consumers are distrustful of food and drinks products that offer a magic bullet health solution. Instead, they opt for traditional health foods such as fruit and vegetables, finds new survey by Canadean.
- Make-up in Brazil: An obsession with beauty and image
- 'Health halo' surrounding protein resonates with UK consumers
- Looming price hikes and quality issues mean consumers will take greater notice of declining bee populations
- Forget on-the-go: UK uses liquid water enhancers at home
- Difficulty in opening tinned food will drive demand for alternative types of packaging


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Moishe's Moving's inception in 1983 began with one man with one van and grew from there. By 1990, it had become the largest independent moving company in New York City. By 1995, they were the largest in the entire tri-state area. Today, they operate from regional offices across the country with hundreds of employees.
Today, Moishe's Moving is a NY institution with Moishe Mana owning a conglomerate of 15 companies.
Over time Moishe's enthusiasm grew to develop creative communities or village that cater to artist, their work and the people who support their efforts. Mana's first effort was to pioneer the development of NYC's Meatpacking District in 1995, where he opened Milk Studios, today Milk has become a cultural hub in the worlds of Fashion, Media and lifestyle. In 2010, Moishe Mana purchased many of the large wharehouse district in Jersey City where the Mana Contempory Art complex now has hits headquarters, artist residency galleries and work studios. In addition, Mana Contempory has grown into a state of the art, storage facility for premier art foundations, such as the Guggenheim, Moma and New Museum, including several notable galleries and private collections.
In an effort to expand on his passion of developing urban environments into "creative villages", Mana saw a great
opportunity in the Wynwood area of Miami beach. This thriving artist area is very similar to that of the Meat Packing
District in NYC and is now positioned to become the creative mecca of the future. Mana Wynwood encompasses
over 100 buildings and has a combined sq footage of over 1 million sq ft.


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Premium German camera manufacturer Leica have teased a glimpse of a highly limited edition of their Monochrom camera. Dubbed the Monochrom Silver Anniversary Edition and strictly limited to 25 individually numbered units, the camera is to be sold in Sweden and Denmark only and comes with a Summilux-M 35mm f/1.4 ASPH lens, a premium strap, and a presentation box.
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Prior to dropping out of college to pursue a career in modeling, Rosa Mendes studied business at the University of British Columbia.
Former WWE champion Eddie Guerrero attended the University of New Mexico on a wrestling scholarship.
Prior to becoming a WWE star, Bret Hart majored in filmmaking at Mount Royal College.
"Then finally when I signed my deal deal, my very first deal, they also paid all of my college fees as a bonus. I think I owed like 40 grand, which they didn't have to do, I always felt was very, very cool of JR to do. He was like we're going to take care of your college, by the way. I was like oh, because that had been hanging over my head while I had been trying to just get somewhere and make it. I was like oh, man. I got this 40 grand that's over my head and I'm making 50 bucks on this show. Cool, now I'm making 210, but that's not going to chip away at 40 grand. So they took care of that when I signed my deal."
Maria Kanellis has revealed that while she is pursuing her college degree, she's also going to be going after a certificate for graphics design as well.
Former WWE diva Maria Kanellis has revealed that she is going back to school to study film.
In addition to his duties as a business man working on launching a new wrestling promotion, Jeff Jarrett is still working as an in ring performer. The TNA founder is heading down to Mexico this upcoming weekend to work a huge tag team main event match for AAA. Karen Jarrett is involved in the show as well.
3AWrestling has booked themselves a pretty big show on March 29 in Ontario. Jeff Jarrett, Jim Duggan, David Hart Smith, Karen Jarrett and Robbie MacAllister (one half of the Highlanders tag team in WWE a few years back) have been signed on as headliners.
Madison Rayne is celebrating her birthday today. The TNA Knockouts Champion is 29 years old now. She has received several birthday wishes on Twitter from wrestlers such as Traci Brooks, Karen Jarrett, Angelina Love and others.
With Jeff Jarrett resigning from TNA and taking bookings on the independent wrestling circuit, it now appears that Karen Jarrett will be doing so as well. The two are willing to make appearances together on shows.
Several wrestlers and former performers got together for New Year's Eve. Jeff Hardy spent the evening with Matt Hardy, Jeff Jarrett, Karen Jarrett, Shane Helms and their respective families earlier this week.


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SAEON Postdoctorate in Ecohydrology
September 4, 2014 in News by nrlouw
The Department of Science and Technology, and the National Research Foundation have introduced the Professional Development Programme (PDP) aimed at training South African Doctoral students and Postdoctoral Research Fellows.
The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Fynbos node (www.saeon-fynbos.org) seeks to appoint a Postdoctoral Fellow with competency in aspects of plant water relations and/or catchment hydrology for their research programme on global change impacts on ecosystem infrastructure, composition and function in the Cape Floristic Region. The post will be base in the Fynbos Node in Cape Town but candidates may be affiliated to any suitable local university depending on project requirements.
Postdoctorate in Ecohydrology: Global change impacts on the ecohydrology of megadiverse vegetation systems.
Minimum requirements: A PhD in Botany, Ecology, Hydrology or Earth Systems (if not yet in possession of a PhD, candidates must present evidence that their PhD will be completed by December 2014). Candidates should demonstrate skills in plant ecophysiology and/or hydrology, with experience in fieldwork, installation and application of instrumentation, and/or good knowledge and experience of dynamic modelling.
Closing Date: 25 September
For more information, click here


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Hague is the Netherlands' political capital, seating government including to the Dutch Parliament and the International Court of Justice, as well as, the Queen Beatrix lives and works here. According to many of the prestigious institutions as well as, royal palaces, governmental and the international organizations housed here opening for public, while lots ... More>of the outstanding art collections featured in the city's galleries including the Dutch Master, Rembrandt, Jan Vermeer and Jan Steen, these offer great time for the visitors. Only 15 minutes from the city centre, the clean sandy beach of Scheveningen provides good sea fruits and Sea Life Centre, a biology centre, the Zee Museum.
Contact Us 24/7 Fill out an online request form or call our Asia Travel Specialists


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Paint thinner
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2009)
A paint thinner is a solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. Commercially, solvents labeled "Paint Thinner" are usually mineral spirits having a flash point at about 40 °C (104 °F), the same as some popular brands of charcoal starter.
Solvents used as paint thinners include:
- Mineral spirits (US) / White spirit (UK)
- Acetone
- Mineral turpentine (turps)
- True turpentine
- Naphtha
- Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
- Dimethylformamide (DMF)
- 2-Butoxyethanol, or any of the other glycol ethers
Other solvents sometimes used in the production of paint thinners include:[1]
While painting or making the paint of proper consistency by addition of thinner liquid there is an exposure to the vapours. ACGIH has established threshold limit values (TLVs) for most of these compounds. TLV is defined as the maximum concentration in air which can be breathed by a normal person (i.e., excluding children, pregnant women, etc.) in the course of 40 hours work (in US work conditions) per week, day after day through their work life without long-term ill effects. In underdeveloped countries workers commonly experience much higher exposure to these chemicals with consequent damage to their health.
Personal use[edit]
Paint thinners are solvent mixtures known to dissolve paints. It is dangerous to expose oneself to them daily. They can be used to remove tar buildup and other known compounds alike. Paint thinners work mainly on paints for exterior usage only and should not be used as a furniture polish.


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The Leading eBooks Store Online
for Kindle Fire, Apple, Android, Nook, Kobo, PC, Mac, BlackBerry ...
Climate Change and Crop Production
moreCurrent trends in population growth suggest that global food production is unlikely to satisfy future demand under predicted climate change scenarios unless rates of crop improvement are accelerated. In order to maintain food security in the face of these challenges, a holistic approach that includes stress-tolerant germplasm, sustainable crop and natural resource management, and sound policy interventions will be needed. The first volume in the "CABI Climate Change Series", this book will provide an overview of the essential disciplines required for sustainable crop production in unpredictable environments. Chapters include discussions of adapting to biotic and abiotic stresses, sustainable and resource-conserving technologies and new tools for enhancing crop adaptation. It includes examples of successful applications as well as future prospects of how each discipline can be expected to evolve over the next 30 years are also presented. less
CABI; January 2010
310 pages; ISBN 9781845936341
Download in secure PDF format
310 pages; ISBN 9781845936341
Download in secure PDF format
More Business
Lean In 2013 US$ 12.99 208 pages
Good to Great 2011 US$ 19.99 100 pages
Resource Economics 2010 US$ 40.00 446 pages
Wall Street Values 2012 US$ 22.00 256 pages
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My Lotus
New bits and pieces :) Quite the run around for everything today
1 note
Posted on Monday April 15th
likes this
posted this
About me
I am currently a student at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg South Africa.
This is an idea that was planted in my head whilst I was still at school. My Art Design teacher, John Scott, started building his Lotus in the school design lab and the dream has grown ever since. So now it is my turn to live my dream...
Ask me anything
Suggestions - Chat - Info...etc
People I follow
To Tumblr, Love PixelUnion


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Are you a fan of Emily the Strange?
If you are, then you should get ready to see more of her. The New York Daily News published a long interview with Rob Reger, the California-based artist who first put Emily on a T-shirt back in 1991. Since then, the character has appeared in her own books and comics, as well as on merchandise such as clothing, accessories, toys, school supplies and calendars. And according to the Daily News piece, Emily is getting ready to branch out further, with a series of four young adult novels from HarperCollins written in her voice, a video game, and a feature film all in the works.
Although I've never really been a comics reader, and at this point I'm a bit older than the market that Emily is aimed at, I can't help identifying somewhat with a character who appears like this:
With her four cats and her outcast status, I also wonder if Emily might have a particular appeal for lesbians. In the interview, Reger talks about her counterculture credentials:
"This character is very different from the typical Barbie Doll type that society seems to encourage in girls. […] Emily is often misinterpreted as a negative or plain old bad girl. To me, she's more of an icon for the think-for-yourself, do-it-yourself movement. That's the whole notion that it's okay to not follow mainstream ideas of what's cool, attractive or fun. And it's not only OK to be different, it's better! We want to communicate that you don't have to have a lot of money or certain material things, or fit in with the in-crowd; it's totally cool to do your own thing. In fact, you probably will get more out of life by being imaginative and figuring out your own way of seeing things.
When I first saw Emily, the thing that really interested me was not her Wednesday Addams vibe, but the fact that she reminded me of Emily Byrd Starr in Anne of Green Gables author L. M. Montgomery's Emily books. Did anyone else read those? Although I very much doubt that Reger has read them or was inspired by them, the similarities are striking. Pale face: tick. Black hair: tick. Bang across the forehead: tick (there's that great scene where Emily defies her stern Aunt Elizabeth in order to cut a bang). And the love of cats and alienation from mainstream society are in Montgomery's books, too.
Again, although I doubt Reger was thinking of it consciously, I can't help wondering if his choice of the name "Emily" for his heroine wasn't influenced by cultural perceptions of two of my favorite authors, Emily Brontë:
And Emily Dickinson:
Both are women who led secluded lives, who were stubbornly independent, and who have a strong area of mystery around them. When it comes to female characters, there's just something about the name "Emily" that suggests a little extra.


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Words in Words
Have some fun with this winter wordplay exercise! See how many words you can make with the letters from "Holiday Season".
Christmas Tree Writing Prompt
What would your perfect Christmas tree look like? Have your beginning writer practice descriptive writing to answer this fun Christmas creative writing prompt!
Christmas Ornaments to Color
Christmas ornaments to color are fun for your child during the holidays. Decorate these Christmas ornaments to color after you've lit the tree.
Christmas Lights Coloring Page
This little Christmas tree is loaded with lights! You and your children can have fun making them bright and filling them with holiday colors.
Merry Christmas in Other Languages
Learn "Merry Christmas" in other languages with this fun printable. See how to say "Merry Christmas" in other languages like Arabic, Czech, and Italian.
X is for Xmas
Xmas is a commonly used word for Christmas. Count the number of ornaments on this Christmas tree and color them them in.
Lowercase Letter Practice: Christmas
Your child may not be saying "All I want for Christmas are my ABCs!" but, you can stay festive with lowercase letter practice.
Santa Delivering Presents Coloring Page
This coloring page featuring Santa delivering presents on Christmas Eve will surely put him in the holiday spirit!
Christmas Stocking Coloring Page
This Christmas stocking coloring page features a stocking brimming with gifts! Add the finishing touches to this Christmas picture with crayons!
Hanukkah Coloring Page
This Hanukkah coloring page will enlighten kids about the Jewish holiday and its traditions while they have a blast adding color!


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Leveraging PIAM to improve business operations
Identity management helps software giant better utilize its resources
"If I can enter that information one time and have it flow to downstream systems and if it can flow into my system the way HR entered it, why do I need a security or IT employee to enter that same exact data another time?," Vigneault asked. "In my view, identity management eliminates keystrokes and it creates resource opportunities to have those people do something else."
In addition, implementing a PIAM solution has also helped Symantec, which has facilities in over 50 countries, standardize how physical access rights are provisioned in different regions. "Today we're very standardized and everybody's directed to do things in the same manner," he said.
Of course, one of the key's to implementing a new security solution like PIAM is getting buy-in from C-suite executives. Vigneault said he was able to sell PIAM to senior managers at his company as a compliance need.
"The business that I'm in, compliance is very high on the totem pole. I think everybody could kind of sell it as a compliance issue, but it is not an inexpensive proposition," he said. "What I would identify is how many people do I have doing this type of job and what could I have those people doing if I can help them be more efficient? Many people base things solely on how many positions they can eliminate, but from my experience, we never had the intent to eliminate a position. Significantly more important, in my view, is we sit and house data that could valuable throughout the organization."
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According to Rivals' Eric Hoffses, Boston College Eagles wide receiver Johnathan Coleman has declined to return to the team for a fifth and final season.
Just got confirmation that BC WR Johnathan Coleman has decided not to come back for a 5th year. #bceagles
— ERIC HOFFSES (@EAHoffses) May 23, 2013
Coleman, who was academically a senior this year, redshirted in 2009, and would have had a year of eligibility remaining, completes his Boston College career with 804 receiving yards and four touchdowns. All of those came in the 2012 season when he experienced a resurgence; after a brief but productive redshirt freshman year in 2010, Coleman caught just five passes in 2011. In his final season, Coleman made 33 receptions for 482 yards, including a career-long 52-yard catch in a drive which ultimately resulted in a touchdown.
A Bronx native, Coleman overcame a number of difficulties in his personal and family life to become a productive member of a BCS-conference football team. He earned our respect and we wish him well in his future endeavors.
However, in terms of the football team as a whole, Coleman's departure means a top receiver is not going to be available on the depth chart. This could create opportunities for younger players such as sophomores Dan Crimmins, Marcus Grant (Iowa transfer), and Harrison Jackson, or redshirt freshman Nigel Matthews, amongst others. Boston College's 2013 recruiting class only includes two wideouts, Drew Barksdale and Charlie Callinan, and both may be redshirted. The receiving corps has gotten even younger, and will require big contributions from underclassmen in order for the offense to succeed.


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Mary Shamrock, Ph.D.
The term "Orff-Schulwerk" identifies an approach to music making that has found application primarily with children but can be equally useful in other contexts. It began in Germany (Bavaria) in the 1920s with adult music and dance students, and was revitalized there around 1950--to a great extent through the efforts of Orff's colleague, Gunild Keetman--for use with school children of that area.
The impetus for Orff Schulwerk lies in children's natural group play behavior, utilizing various of its components (see Activity Components below) to awaken and begin development of the potential musicality inherent in all human beings. The tonal and topical content is to come from the child's surrounding folk tradition. Rhythm drawn from the child's native language forms the foundation. The Schulwerk approach provides a pedagogical model, or framework, that enables hands-on music making by participants of whatever age or experience level. The task of the teacher is to design and facilitate activities appropriate to the participants that will enable success, satisfaction, and—very important—joy and delight in the experience. There is opportunity for individuals of greater talent to utilize these abilities, but the emphasis is cooperative group effort.
Music/movement activities in Orff Schulwerk are to be "elemental"; Orff defined this term as follows:
The most important purpose for experiencing the elemental is the spiritual nourishment provided by fulfilling a primeval human need:
Music and movement, the two primary art forms in the Schulwerk, are to be considered equal and interdependent. (As implied in the above quote, this relationship is drawn from traditional cultures in which music and movement are often inseparable.) In music the elemental building blocks include components of all musical elements--melody, rhythm, harmony, form, texture, timbre, and expressive qualities. In movement the blocks include locomotor and non-locomotor movement, use of time, space and energy in free and patterned forms.
The goal is to develop individuals who have the competence and confidence to join and interact with others in simple group music/movement making—and to enjoy it! They also will have the tools and knowledge to develop further as students of music and/or movement. The Schulwerk does not concern itself with this further development; there are many and various paths available to be explored and disciplines to be followed.
Activity Components
Schulwerk lessons will explore and develop skills through the following means:
Speech. Children's play frequently involves little sayings and rhymes, with or without specific meaning, often accompanying a game in some way. The following example is one of many that can be used for choosing "it" for a game to follow:
This would be said rhythmically, with a feeling of steady beat; activities surrounding it can be expanded to stabilize sensitivity to beat and develop the sense of pattern. Later, more complex rhythmic/metric elements can be introduced with appropriate speech examples. A well-chosen word pattern in the mother tongue very naturally establishes the "feeling" needed to identify and execute the rhythm as a separate entity.
Singing. Children's group play involves simple little songs, often with accompanying games, that provide a basis for 1) strengthening the ability to sing, and 2) developing the sense of tonal relationships. Using appropriate song material drawn from folk sources, the relationships begin with the falling minor third, proceed to the "childhood chant" pattern (so mi-la so mi) found in children's group play songs from many cultures, then expand to the anhemitonic pentatonic scales, and finally to the diatonic scales - major, minor, and the church modes. The musical tradition of a particular culture may indicate the need for adjusting or changing this sequence.
Movement. In the early stages, time is spent in developing a vocabulary of stationary and locomotor movements that can be used in countless combinations and situations. Simple game forms provide many opportunities - for example, in a circle game children develop a sense for spatial relationships between themselves and others, for coordinating their steps to a steady beat, and for regulating step length to the group's pace.
Playing Instruments. This category tends to be particularly identified with the Schulwerk approach:
1. Body Percussion. The four basic sound motions (or gestures) are clapping, snapping fingers, slapping thighs (often called "patching," from the German term), and stamping feet; others can be added as invented and desired. These sound motions are combined in patterns and phrases, used alone and in combined layers, as accompaniment for speech or singing, and incorporated into instrumental ensembles .
2. Unpitched hand percussion. This includes the many small instruments often found in a music classroom; however, each must be of a quality that will produce an interesting and satisfying sound. Examples are: maracas, claves, tone block, triangle, jingles, finger cymbals, suspended cymbal, tambourine, cowbell, and various sizes of hand drum. This list may be expanded with special items such as vibraslap, ratchet, wind chime, etc.
3. Orff Instruments. These special pitched percussion instruments were designed to be of a size readily accessible by children and to produce a satisfying musical sound with a minimum of technical facility. They include 3 sizes of xylophone (bass, alto, soprano), the same of metallophone (highly resonant thick metal bars), and two sizes of glockenspiel (soprano and alto, small metal bars). These can be supplemented by timpani and/or bass bars (each bar mounted individually on a resonating box). The bars supplied for each instrument are diatonic, starting with C and ascending upward an octave plus a sixth. Bars are removable; instruments come with F# and Bb bars that can be exchanged for F and B. Chromatic instruments are also available, but are needed only in advanced applications. The recorder is added as contrasting melody instrument to this percussion ensemble. Pitched instruments provide a means for tonal exploration, for playing and inventing melodies, for providing songs with drone and ostinato accompaniments, and for improvisation.
Schulwerk teachers refer to several general procedures for guiding students along the path of music/movement development:
A. Exploration - discovering possibilities with a given piece of material involving any of the activity components listed above. Examples: "Find different ways to make a circle - by yourself, with two people, with everyone"; "Experiment to see what sounds the triangle can make"; "Make your own melody using only so and mi."
B. Imitation - developing skills through "echo"- that is, repeating a pattern performed by the teacher or other leader. It is also the procedure used regularly for teaching songs, rhythms, and instrumental pieces one phrase at a time.
C. Improvisation - making up new patterns and longer structures, based on exploration and the models learned through imitation.
D. Creation - combining material from any of the previous procedures into small forms such as ABA, rondo, and mini-suites. It also involves developing small multimedia performance pieces from stories and poems, using any or all of the performance tools mentioned.
The term "Orff process" is often used for the sequence of steps used by a teacher in developing
a lesson utilizing the above procedures. The more all-embracing use of this term refers to developing student knowledge and skills in music/movement through these procedures. Guiding students toward success with each of these is much more important than developing impressive end products. Discovery learning is highly valued; the anticipated outcome of a given lesson may shift a little or a lot, depending on "discoveries" made during the lesson time. As students gain in competence and confidence, ideally they will take increasing responsibility for working out music/movement tasks. The teacher then takes on a facilitative role. Ongoing teacher leadership is needed for further advancements in all areas.
The Schulwerk approach considers aural music learning to be legitimate and valuable. It also suggests that learning to read music is also valuable, but specifies no particular tools to use in developing that skill. Teachers frequently use moveable do solfege and some system of rhythm syllables in incorporating literacy development into their programs. However, making music together successfully, with confidence and joy, is the higher goal.
In the original Schulwerk model, the folk heritage of the child's own culture is considered the primary source for materials—songs, games, rhythms, forms, etc. Since the first adaptation of Schulwerk for children took place in southern Germany, the first published materials were built on materials of that tradition. The publications are called Orff-Schulwerk: Music for Children, Vols. I-V. The pieces and exercises in the volumes are intended as models for exploration rather than finished artistic products. The teacher is welcome to add, subtract, transpose, simplify, and modify to better accommodate the particular students and the lesson objectives. These volumes have been translated into many other languages as the Schulwerk approach has made its way into cultures around the world. The German material is most often replaced by songs and speech materials from the culture involved. There are also a great many supplementary volumes at this point, with materials from a great many cultures and points of view.
Cultural Perspective
The Schulwerk approach developed in a predominantly homogeneous cultural environment; the "traditional" folk material of the area was readily identified. In the classrooms of today in the U.S.A. and many other parts of the world, the cultural mix of students can be from somewhat to very diverse. Identification of any one tradition as dominant would be unrealistic and unfair to many. Schulwerk teachers nowadays often draw upon materials from a variety of cultures that will introduce the elements needed to structure the projected growth in music/movement understanding and skills. This plan also serves as a springboard for introducing various cultures; lessons are coordinated with the classroom teacher so that many aspects of a particular culture can be explored.
The musical system introduced by the original Schulwerk model is the West European or "western" model, using tempered tuning, major/minor/modal scales, functional (albeit simple) harmonies, and specific metered rhythms. Nowadays the Schulwerk resources - exploration, imitation, and particularly the instruments—make the approach attractive for developing hands-on introductions to examples of musical traditions outside the western system. This activity can be very effective in helping participants listen to recorded or live examples with some understanding of its structure. The development of competence and confidence in using another musical system, however, takes a careful restructuring of processes and goals, possible only for someone thoroughly "musical" in that system.
Teacher Support and Training
The American Orff-Schulwerk Association (AOSA), founded in 1968, supports and promotes the Schulwerk approach to music teaching in the U.S.A. Its annual national conference offers intensive in-service training sessions to those who attend. Its more than sixty local chapters around the country host daylong workshops throughout the year, focusing on specific aspects of Schulwerk practice. More extended training is offered primarily in summer courses, from a few days to two weeks in length. These are usually connected with a college or university, with academic credit available, and sometimes are co-sponsored by a local chapter of AOSA. There is an established sequence of three levels, consisting of two weeks each for three summers, that leads to a "Teacher Certificate." For information on dates and locations of AOSA-approved courses, contact AOSA headquarters (www.aosa.org; P.O. Box 391089, Cleveland, Ohio 44139-8089).
Carl Orff (1895-1982), a German composer, is noted primarily for his musical/dramatic stage works based on ancient and classic texts. The work most often performed is the "Carmina Burana." The pedagogical ideas that became Orff-Schulwerk (literally "school work") originated in the 1920s, influenced by the experimental "New Dance" movement of the time and by Dalcroze eurhythmics. Orff and colleague Dorothee Guenther, a movement teacher, in 1924 founded the Guentherschule (Guenther school) in Munich (Bavaria), providing an environment for musicians and dancers to gain understanding of each others' art forms through participation and especially through improvisation. Gunild Keetman, gifted in both music and movement, came to the school as a student and stayed on as a teacher. The school gained performance reknown in Europe at the time; the most noteworthy event was the design and execution of opening ceremony music and dance for the 1936 Olympics in Berlin.
The Guentherschule flourished until World War II; in 1944 it was bombed beyond use. In 1948 a recording of Guentherschule music making caught the attention of the education directors of Bavarian Radio; they asked Orff to develop this same kind of music making for and with children. He and Keetman set to work with a group of children, developing materials that embodied their ideas about "elemental" music. These sessions were recorded and then broadcast to German elementary schools, with the intent that teachers there would develop comparable music making with their own students.
The continuation of this work with children led to the publication of volumes I-V of Orff-Schulwerk: Musik fur Kinder (Schott, Mainz, 1950-54). A later volume, Paralipomena (1977) contains material considered essential to the original set but not included at that time. In most cases, these have been the materials first translated when other cultures became interested in developing the Schulwerk for their own children. Beginning in 1953, Schulwerk courses were offered at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, Austria for its own students and for interested outsiders; children's classes were also offered on an ongoing basis. The first four-semester teacher training course began in fall 1961.
The program outgrew its facilities, and in 1963 a new, separate building called the Orff Institute opened. Dr. Hermann Regner was the first director; Barbara Haselbach was in charge of the movement department and Wilhelm Keller of the work with handicapped. Orff died in 1982, Keetman in 1990, Regner and Keller have retired, and there have been many changes in the program. However, the Orff Institute continues to offer courses for local students and for those from a great many parts of the world, and its faculty travel abroad on request to offer introductory and continuation courses. A special division of the Institute's work, the Orff Zentrum, was established specifically to maintain contacts with Schulwerk people throughout the word, including many who have studied at the Institute.
Arnold Walter, an outstanding German music educator who became music department chair at the University of Toronto (Ontario, Canada), is responsible for introducing the Schulwerk to North America. In the 1950s he sent Doreen Hall, a young music education instructor, to Salzburg to study with Orff and Keetman. Upon return, she started children's classes and teacher training courses; in 1962 she brought Orff and Keetman for a special weekend during the summer course. Later the courses became organized as Levels I, II, and III, each three weeks long. A number of music educators from the U.S. attended these Toronto courses and then founded training courses built on this model at various institutions here. The three-level training course remains the U.S. standard, now with just two weeks at each level. These can be supplemented liberally by master classes, AOSA conference and chapter workshops, and other training opportunities that contribute to the ongoing development of the Schulwerk teacher.
Guenther, D. (1962). What does Orff-Schulwerk desire and accomplish with the music education of the\
child? Oesterreichische Musikzeitschrift 17, 422-430. In M. Shamrock (Trans., 1976), Orff-Schulwerk:
Background and commentary. St. Louis: Magnamusic.
Orff, C. (1973). Orff-Schulwerk: Past and future. Orff Institute Yearbook. Reprinted as Orff Echo Supplement
1. Cleveland: American Orff-Schulwerk Association.
Mary Shamrock is retired after a career teaching at West Virginia University and California State University, Northridge. She holds a Ph.D. in Ethnomusicology and Music Education from UCLA. Dr. Shamrock has taught Orff Schulwerk teacher training courses at many institutions throughout the U.S. and abroad, and has served AOSA in many roles, including national president, national board member and editor of the Orff Echo.
Frazee, J. (1987). Discovering Orff: A curriculum for music teachers. New York: Schott.
Keetman, G. (1974). Elementaria (M. Murray, Trans.) London: Schott.
Orff, C. (1978). The Schulwerk. Vol. III of Carl Orff/Dokumentation. (M. Murray, Trans.) New York: Schott.
Orff, C. & Keetman, G. (1958-1966). Orff-Schulwerk: Music for children, Vols. I-V. (M. Murray, Ed. & Trans.)
London: Schott.
Shamrock, M. (1997). Orff-Schulwerk: Brief history, description, and issues in global dispersal. Cleveland:
American Orff-Schulwerk Association.
Steen, A. (1992). Exploring Orff: A teacher's guide. New York: Schott.
Warner, B. (1991). Orff-Schulwerk: Applications for the classroom. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Four Variations on a Theme: Orff-Schulwerk Approach, presented by Judy Bond