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CURRICULUM VITAE NAME AND ADDRESS Lee J. Helman, M.D. Scientific Director for Clinical Research, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Building 31 Room 3A11
Causes, Diet: Prevention, Nelson
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Professor Nelson explains that chlorophyll is a remarkable energy scavenger and that there is some hint that if you consume chlorophyll you can intercept chemical species, that damage proteins, DNA, and RNA.
VITA: A paperless hospital suite
Microsoft Academic Search
An interactive user-friendly software suite, code-named VITA, was developed by the authors for implementing electronic medical record (EMR) systems of hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa. VITA was designed as a web based application running off a central server. The paper describes the functional features of VITA, its mode of deployment and the challenges faced in adapting and adopting the system for
James Katende; Oluwaseyi Feyisetan; Abiola O Olaleye
NELSON lung cancer screening study
PubMed Central
Abstract The Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (Dutch acronym: NELSON study) was designed to investigate whether screening for lung cancer by low-dose multidetector computed tomography (CT) in high-risk subjects will lead to a decrease in 10-year lung cancer mortality of at least 25% compared with a control group without screening. Since the start of the NELSON study in 2003, 7557 participants underwent CT screening, with scan rounds in years 1, 2, 4 and 6. In the current review, the design of the NELSON study including participant selection and the lung nodule management protocol, as well as results on validation of CT screening and first results on lung cancer screening are described.
Zhao, Ying Ru; Xie, Xueqian; de Koning, Harry J; Mali, Willem P; Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn
NELSON lung cancer screening study.
The Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (Dutch acronym: NELSON study) was designed to investigate whether screening for lung cancer by low-dose multidetector computed tomography (CT) in high-risk subjects will lead to a decrease in 10-year lung cancer mortality of at least 25% compared with a control group without screening. Since the start of the NELSON study in 2003, 7557 participants underwent CT screening, with scan rounds in years 1, 2, 4 and 6. In the current review, the design of the NELSON study including participant selection and the lung nodule management protocol, as well as results on validation of CT screening and first results on lung cancer screening are described. PMID:22185865
Ru Zhao, Ying; Xie, Xueqian; de Koning, Harry J; Mali, Willem P; Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn; Oudkerk, Matthijs
Curriculum Vitae and Related Letters.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This booklet, which was developed by a college career center, explains the purpose of and procedures for writing curriculum vitae (CV) and related letters. The following topics are covered: when a CV is appropriate, points to consider when writing a CV, items usually included, possible sections to include in a CV, and steps in writing cover�
Peterson, Sharyl Bender
[Do you know "Humanae Vitae"?].
This work, appearing on the 25th anniversary of "Humanae Vitae," describes the contents of the encyclical on family planning, summarizes reactions to it from western church leaders, and reflects on its relevance to modern societies. "Humanae Vitae" begins with a statement acknowledging the problems posed by population growth to societies and to individual families. Deteriorating conditions of housing and employment and increasing economic and educational inadequacies often make it difficult to raise large families in the modern world. Views of the role of women in society and of the value of marital love and the significance of the sex act in relation to marital love have undergone change. The document raised the question of whether it is time to entrust to couples greater responsibility in regulating their fertility. The document referred to the reasons why the Pope and the Church have the authority to answer such a question and described the care with which the document was prepared before moving to the second major part of the article, that concerning doctrinal principles. After remarking on the respect due to nature, to the purposes of the conjugal act which were identified as union and procreation, and to faithfulness to God's design, the Pope moved on to condemn means of birth regulation termed illicit, which include abortion and direct sterilization as well as contraception. 2 exceptions were recognized, therapeutic sterilization and recourse to infertile periods for couples who for serious reasons wished to avoid pregnancy. The third section instructed priests, couples, bishops, and others in their duties in relation to the contents of Humanae Vitae. The encyclical was praised by some church leaders but also questioned. The fact that the work was not presented as infallible and possible conflicts with the duty of men affirmed in Vatican II not to act against their consciences were noted. When Humanae Vitae was published, the world population was 3.6 billion. By 1992 it was 5.479 billion. Since the encyclical was not presented as infallible, an opening presumably exist to adapt its message to current realities. PMID:12318249
Gakwaya, D
Nelson River and Hudson Bay
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rivers that empty into large bodies of water can have a significant impact on the thawing of nearshore winter ice. This true-color Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from May 18, 2001, shows the Nelson River emptying spring runoff from the Manitoba province to the south into the southwestern corner of Canada's Hudson Bay. The warmer waters from more southern latitudes hasten melting of ice near the shore, though some still remained, perhaps because in shallow coastal waters, the ice could have been anchored to the bottom. High volumes of sediment in the runoff turned the inflow brown, and the rim of the retreating ice has taken on a dirty appearance even far to the east of the river's entrance into the Bay. The sediment would have further hastened the melting of the ice because its darker color would have absorbed more solar radiation than cleaner, whiter ice. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC
9. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer Dec. ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
9. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer Dec. 1936, (F) EXTERIOR, DETAIL OF ENTRANCE DOORWAY. - Dutch Reformed Church, State Route 10, Stone Arabia, Montgomery County, NY
Genitourinary medicine and surgery in Nelson's navy
Surgeons of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic and revolutionary wars, between 1793 and 1815, were solely responsible for all health care of the officers, men, and boys of their ships. This paper examines the genitourinary medicine and surgery encountered by the naval surgeons at the time of Nelson. Primary sources are examined to explore the presentation, case mix, and management of genitourinary disease during this period. A general overview is given of the life and work of the Royal Naval surgeons at the end of the 18th century. The documents that were examined contained 39 surgeon's journals, these were written by 26 surgeons on 13 different ships. The journals contained 446 presentations to the sick list of men with genitourinary symptoms. The presenting symptoms are grouped together under the following headings; venereal disease, penile pathology, scrotal pain and swelling, urinary symptoms and retention, stone disease and trauma. Examination of these journals permits a glimpse of medical life in the Royal Navy during the time of Nelson. The case load and management of genitourinary disease shows the diversity of presentation to these surgeons.
Goddard, J
The Beveridge�Nelson decomposition in retrospect and prospect
Beveridge and Nelson [Beveridge, Stephen, Nelson, Charles R., 1981. A new approach to decomposition of economic time series into permanent and transitory components with particular attention to measurement of the �business cycle�. Journal of Monetary Economics 7, 151�174] proposed that the long-run forecast is a measure of trend for time series such as GDP that do not follow a deterministic
Charles R. Nelson
Microsoft Word - GMO Vita Apr 2011 UCI Version.doc
Curriculum Vitae Gary M. Olson born: December 24, 1944, Los Angeles, California married: Judith S. Olson Erdos Number: 5 Current Position Donald Bren Professor of Information and Computer Sciences University of California, Irvine Current Addresses
23. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nov. 9, 1936, Nelson E. ...
23. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nov. 9, 1936, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, (P) INTERIOR, FIREPLACE FROM OLD HELP KITCHEN, IN BASEMENT OF HOUSE. - Johnson Hall, Johnstown, Fulton County, NY
Astronaut George Nelson working on Comet Halley Active monitoring program
Astronaut George D. Nelson smiles for a fellow crewman's photo while working on Comet Halley Active monitoring program (CHAMP). Camera equipment and a protective shroud used to eliminate all cabin light interference surround the mission specialists.
12. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer Dec. ...
12. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer Dec. 1936, (H) INTERIOR, LOOKING NORTH WEST FROM BALCONY. - Dutch Reformed Church, State Route 10, Stone Arabia, Montgomery County, NY
Astronauts van Hoften and Nelson conduct pre-breathing exercise
Astronauts James D. van Hoften and George D. Nelson, wearing Shuttle launch and entry helmets, conduct a pre-breathing exercise on the forward flight deck of the shuttle Challenger during the STS 41-C mission.
5. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March ...
5. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March 11, 1937, VIEW-FRONT ELEVATION FORT FREY MONTGOMERY COUNTY, N.Y. - Fort Henrick Frey, State Route 5 Vicinity (Grand Street), Palatine Bridge, Montgomery County, NY
3. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March ...
3. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March 11, 1937, VIEW-REAR ELEVATION FORT FREY MONTGOMERY COUNTY, N.Y. - Fort Henrick Frey, State Route 5 Vicinity (Grand Street), Palatine Bridge, Montgomery County, NY
11. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March ...
11. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March 11, 1937, VIEW-LIVING ROOM FIREPLACE FORT FREY, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, N.Y. - Fort Henrick Frey, State Route 5 Vicinity (Grand Street), Palatine Bridge, Montgomery County, NY
Rutherford's curriculum vitae, 1894-1907.
A single page, handwritten document was discovered when the Macdonald Physics building of McGill University in Montreal was gutted in 1978. This proved to be the draft of Ernest Rutherford's curriculum vitae (C.V.) covering the years 1894-1907, probably written in the autumn of 1906 when Rutherford was preparing to leave McGill. The C.V. contains 21 headings in chronological order, referring to research and other activities of Rutherford and his coauthors (especially Soddy and Barnes), plus a further set of headings relating to the associated investigations of Rutherford's team, including Eve and Hahn. A transcript of the document is provided, although in several places, Rutherford's handwriting is difficult to interpret, and the significance of his abbreviations is not always clear. Each of the items in the C.V. is discussed briefly in this review, in the light both of Rutherford's personal career and of the contribution of his team to the development and understanding of radioactivity. This contribution included the cause and nature of radioactivity (with Soddy), energy aspects of radioactive decay (with Barnes), elucidation of the uranium-radium, thorium and actinium series (Godlewski and Hahn), the radioactivity of the earth and atmosphere (Eve), the nature of the gamma rays (Eve) and, perhaps most important of all, the nature and properties of the alpha particle (Rutherford himself). The latter investigations led directly to Rutherford's later work in Manchester, including the nuclear model of the atom and artificial disintegration of the nucleus. PMID:7565376
Cohen, M
In vitro Secretion of ACTH, ?-Endorphin and ?-Lipotropin in Cushing�s Disease and Nelson�s Syndrome
Tissue from histologically confirmed ACTH cell adenomas in Cushing�s disease (CD) and Nelson�s syndrome (NS) was gained by transsphenoidal surgery. Combined enzymatic and mechanic agitation of tumor tissue yielded a cell suspension. Aliquots of the cell suspension were transferred to superfusion chambers immediately after isolation and investigated for ACTH and (3-endorphin production. Feedback action of cortisol (CO) and dexamethasone on
D. K. L�decke; M. Westphal; M. Schabet; V. H�llt
U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson of Florida during medical tests at JSC's Clinic
U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson of Florida during medical tests at JSC's Clinic. Photos include Rep. Nelson talking to Sharon Briceno (center) and Betty Lord before the tests begin. The congressman's torso bears a number of sensors for the testing (40835); Portrait view of Rep. Nelson with sensors attached to his chest (40836); Rep. Nelson gets some assistance from nurses at the clinic as he prepares to participate in medical tests. Help is provided by Betty Lord, right, and Sharon Briceno (40837); Rep. Nelson is being assisted to don 'halo' device for tests (40838); Rep. Nelson runs in place on a treadmill device (40839).
Dementia with lewy bodies.
In this case study, we describe the symptoms, neuropsychological testing, and brain pathology of a man with dementia with Lewy bodies. Dementia with Lewy bodies might be the second most common form of degenerative dementia in the elderly. Progressive cognitive decline, well-formed visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism are core features of this disease. This case was marked by preserved verbal expression despite impairment in memory, visuospatial skills, and attention span. Development of visual symptoms and parkinsonism occurred very early in the course of the disease. PMID:14602963
Posner, H; Chin, S; Marder, K
ChemTeacher: Lewis Theory
ChemTeacher compiles background information, videos, articles, demonstrations, worksheets and activities for high school teachers to use in their classrooms. The Lewis Theory page includes resources for teaching students about the Lewis theory of acids and bases.
STS-26 Mission Specialist Nelson in LES prior to JSC WETF emergency exercises
STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Mission Specialist (MS) George D. Nelson, wearing newly designed (navy blue) launch and entry suit (LES), gets some moral support from Aimee Tess Nelson, his sixteen-year-old lifeguard daughter. Nelson was about to participate in a simulation of escape and rescue operations utilizing the crew escape system (CES) pole mode of egress from the Space Shuttle. Nelson is equipped with the LES partial pressure suit and parachute gear.
Corner Office Interview: SirsiDynix's Rautenstrauch and Nelson
This article presents an interview with SirsiDynix CEO Gary M. Rautenstrauch and newly appointed VP of library relations Berit Nelson about some of the issues that have been roiling the ILS world and the company itself, among them the recent consolidation of SirsiDynix's offices, customer service, the state of library budgets, the rise of ebooks�
Rapp, David; Fialkoff, Francine
9. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March ...
9. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer March 11, 1937, VIEW-INTERIOR OF REAR DOOR FORT FREY, PALATINE BRIDGE, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, N.Y. - Fort Henrick Frey, State Route 5 Vicinity (Grand Street), Palatine Bridge, Montgomery County, NY
Use and Misuse of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test.
Reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test (NDRT) and compares the use and misuse of the test as revealed through published surveys. Finds problems in the use of the NDRT to diagnose the specific reading needs and deficiencies of low-achieving students and to measure individual growth. (CBC)
Meter, B. Jean Van; Herrmann, Beth Ann
4. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. ...
4. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. 16, 1937, View - Second to Third Floor Stairs Old Homeopathic Hospital, 123 North Pearl St., Albany, N.Y. - Old Homeopathic Hospital (Interiors), 123 North Pearl Street, Albany, Albany County, NY
3. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. ...
3. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. 16, 1937, View - Double Doors and Columns in Apartment on First Floor, 123 North Pearl St., Albany, N.Y. - Old Homeopathic Hospital (Interiors), 123 North Pearl Street, Albany, Albany County, NY
1. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. ...
1. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. 16, 1937, View - Stairway from First to Second Floor Old Homeopathic Hospital (Office of the HABS), Albany, N.Y. - Old Homeopathic Hospital (Interiors), 123 North Pearl Street, Albany, Albany County, NY
2. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. ...
2. Historic American Buildings Survey, Nelson E. Baldwin, Photographer, Jan. 16, 1937, View - Interior Door Opening into Apartment on First Floor, 123 North Pearl St., Albany, N.Y. - Old Homeopathic Hospital (Interiors), 123 North Pearl Street, Albany, Albany County, NY
Southern elephant seals breeding at Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands
A population survey of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linnaeus, 1758) was conducted at Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during the 2001 breeding season. Two breeding sites were identified, one of which had not been previously re? ported. The largest breeding site was located at Duthoit Point, with a total of 128 females, 111 pups and 7 weanlings distributed
Alejandro R. CARLINI; Sebasti�n POLJAK; Ricardo CASAUX; Gustavo Adolfo DANERI; Miguel GASCO
John Nelson Darby: His Contributions to Evangelical Christian Higher Education
The study reported in this article focused on the contributions of John Nelson Derby to biblical hermeneutics and contemporary eschatological thought. Darby continues to exert a great influence on Christianity, particularly conservative evangelical Christianity. This research provides a discussion of Darby's contributions to contemporary�
Sutherland, Winston Terrance
John Nelson Darby: Scholarship that Influenced the Bible College Movement
The study reported in this article focused on the scholastic life of John Nelson Darby and his contributions to the Bible college movement. Darby continues to exert a great influence on Christianity, particularly conservative evangelical Christianity. This research provides a discussion of the forces that conspired to shape the direction of�
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Synopsis The advent of new immunostains have improved our ability to detect limbic and cortical Lewy bodies, and it is now evident that Dementa with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia, after Alzheimer�s disease (AD). Distinguishing DLB from AD has important implications for treatment, in terms of substances that may worsen symptoms (i.e., anticholinergic and certain neuroleptic medications) and those that may improve them (i.e., cholinesterase inhibitors, carbidopa-levodopa). Neurocognitive patterns, psychiatric features, extrapyramidal signs and sleep disturbance are helpful in differentiating DLB from AD early in the disease course. Differences in the severity of cholinergic depletion as well as type and distribution of neuropathology contribute to these clinical differences, though DLB patients with a high density of co-occuring AD pathology are less clinical distinguishable from AD.
Ferman, Tanis J.; Boeve, Bradley F.
Quantum mechanical states as attractors for Nelson processes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In this paper we reconsider, in the light of the Nelson stochastic mechanics, the idea originally proposed by Bohm and Vigier that arbitrary solutions of the evolution equation for the probability densities always relax in time toward the quantum mechanical density �?�2 derived from the Schr�dinger equation. The analysis of a few general propositions and of some physical examples show that the choice of the L1 metrics and of the Nelson stochastic flux is correct for a particular class of quantum states, but cannot be adopted in general. This indicates that the question if the quantum mechanical densities attract other solution of the classical Fokker-Planck equations associated to the Schr�dinger equation is physically meaningful, even if a classical probabilistic model good for every quantum stale is still not available. A few suggestion in this direction are finally discussed.
Petroni, Nicola Cufaro; Guerra, Francesco
The Lewis Walpole Library
The Lewis Walpole Library at Yale contains a myriad of materials, the majority of which are English caricatures and political satirical prints from the 17th to 19th centuries. The artists of these cheeky works include Woodward, Hogarth, Cruikshank, Bunbury, and Newton. The collection includes items from Walpole's personal library, such as the "Cries of London," trade cards, invitations, and bookplates. Theater lovers will appreciate the volumes of playbills from theaters in Bath and Exeter. One of the more recent additions is the scrapbook of drawings which belonged to Richard Bull, which features watercolors of insects, reptiles, and fish.
Lewis Incubator for Technology (LIFT)
This report summarizes the work done to operate the Lewis Incubator for Technology for the period October 2000 through September 2004. The Lewis Incubator helped the startup and growth of technology based businesses with the potential to incorporate technology from the NASA Glenn Research Center.
Zeman, Wayne P.; King, Joseph B.; Jankura, Richard E., Jr.
Lewis Albert Sayre.
Lewis Albert Sayre (1820-1900) was an American pioneer in the field of orthopedic surgery, and medicine in general. In addition to much work on spinal and other deformities, Sayre was a founder of what later became the New York University Medical School, where he headed the first department of orthopedics in the United States. Sayre also was a charter member of the American Medical Association and served as its vice president and later as president. He was instrumental in developing the Journal of the American Medical Association, and his extensive work as Resident Physician of New York City led to improvements in sanitation, vaccination, and quarantine for smallpox and cholera. PMID:7631241
Sayre, J W
Rep. Bill Nelson during space food and consumables orientation and suit fitting
Rita Rapp, a flight coordinator, briefs U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson (D.-Florida) on space food during an orientation session in the life sciences laboratory at JSC (27753); Rep. Nelson tries on a glove during a suit fitting session (27754); Rep. Nelson samples a package of re-hydratable fruit in the life sciences laboratory during early STS 61-C training (27755); Rep. Nelson listens to Laura Louviere brief him on hygiene articles soon after reporting to Houston for STS 61-C training. On the table in front of him is a tube marked Palmalive, a tube marked Gillette and various other articles (27756).
Treatment of Acromegaly, Cushing Disease and Nelson Syndrome
Since 1957 we have treated more than 429 patients who had pituitary neoplasms, most of which were hormone-secreting tumors. Long-term follow-up in the large group of patients treated for acromegaly shows a median survival of better than 16 years, with improvement over time. The short-term follow-up results in patients with Cushing* disease, Nelson syndrome and chromophobe adenoma are very encouraging. To compare these excellent results with those following surgical procedures, a large study of patients followed for a long period after the operations is needed. ImagesFigure 2.Figure 6.
Lawrence, John H.; Linfoot, John A.
Physiologic and hematologic values in Nelson desert bighorn sheep.
Physiologic and hematologic values were established for two groups of free ranging Nelson desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni). Eleven sheep (Group I) were captured with a drop net, 16 sheep (Group II) were immobilized with Etorphine introduced in projectile syringes. The mean glucose level, respiration rate and leucocyte count values for Group I sheep were more than twice those observed in Group II sheep. There were no differences between the groups in the other values. Data obtained were compared to values previously established for free ranging and captive Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (O. c. canadensis), California bighorn sheep (O. c. californiana) and domestic sheep (O. aries). PMID:7253095
McDonald, S E; Paul, S R; Bunch, T D
77 FR 1667 - Nelson S. Galgoul, Av. Edison Passess 909, Rio De Janeiro, R.J., Brazil 20531-070, Respondent...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...Bureau of Industry and Security Nelson S. Galgoul, Av. Edison Passess 909, Rio De Janeiro...Respondent; Order Relating to Nelson S. Galgoul The Bureau of Industry and Security...BIS''), has notified Nelson S. Galgoul (``Galgoul'') of its intention...
Significance of Lewis Phenotyping Using Saliva and Gastric Tissue: Comparison with the Lewis Phenotype Inferred from Lewis and Secretor Genotypes
Lewis phenotypes using various types of specimen were compared with the Lewis phenotype predicted from Lewis and Secretor genotypes. This is the first logical step in explaining the association between the Lewis expression and Helicobacter pylori. We performed a study of the followings on 209 patients who underwent routine gastroscopy: erythrocyte and saliva Lewis phenotyping, gastric Lewis phenotyping by the tissue array, and the Lewis and Secretor genes genotyping. The results of phenotyping were as follows [Le(a?b?), Le(a+b?), Le(a?b+), and Le(a+b+), respectively, in order]: erythrocyte (12.4%, 25.8%, 61.2%, and 0.5%); saliva (2.4%, 27.3%, 70.3%, and 0.0%); gastric mucosa (8.1%, 6.7%, 45.5%, and 39.7%). The frequency of Le, le59/508, le59/1067 , and le59 alleles was 74.6%, 21.3%, 3.1%, and 1.0%, respectively, among 418 alleles. The saliva Lewis phenotype was completely consistent with the Lewis phenotype inferred from Lewis and Secretor genotypes, but that of gastric mucosa could not be predicted from genotypes. Lewis phenotyping using erythrocytes is only adequate for transfusion needs. Saliva testing for the Lewis phenotype is a more reliable method for determining the peripheral Lewis phenotype of an individual and the gastric Lewis phenotype must be used for the study on the association between Helicobacter pylori and the Lewis phenotype.
Song, Eun Young; Song, Junghan; Han, Kyou-Sup
STS-26 MS Nelson prepares meal at galley on Discovery's middeck
STS-26 Mission Specialist (MS) George D. Nelson, wearing thermal underwear, positions himself in front of the orbiter galley using the intravehicular activity (IVA) foot restraints and prepares a meal on Discovery's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103's, middeck. Beverage containers are velcroed to the galley shelf as Nelson rehydrates a food package.
Part of the Solution: Judy Nelson--Pierce County Library System, Tacoma
Judy Nelson thinks it's important to understand what the community wants for its young people, "which means lots of listening." We need to give taxpayers more good reasons to support libraries, she says, and the community's problems and unmet needs are opportunities for libraries to be an integral part of the solution. One problem Nelson turned�
Library Journal, 2005
STS-26 MS Nelson prepares for EVA exercises at JSC's WETF Bldg 29
STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Mission Specialist (MS) George D. Nelson, wearing extravehicular mobilty unit (EMU) and communications carrier assembly (CCA), stands on poolside platform while technicians assist him with EMU gloves. Nelson dons EMU for contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) exercises in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) Bldg 29. Photograph was taken by Keith Meyers of the NEW YORK TIMES.
Underwater EVA training in the WETF with astronauts Nelson and van Hoften
Underwater extravehicular activity (EVA) training in the weightless environment training facility (WETF) with astronauts George Nelson and James van Hoften. They are using tools to assemble material in the facility while surrounded by divers (428895); View of George Nelson in full extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) floating inside the space shuttle payload bay mockup with a diver behind him (42896).
New synchronous compensators for the Nelson River HVDC system; Planning requirements and specifications
The first units of Limestone Generating Station, the third plant on the Lower Nelson River in northern Manitoba, will come into service in the fall of 1990. Additional var compensation equipment is required at the inverter end of the Nelson River HVdc system to accommodate power from Limestone. This paper describes the system requirements of and the overall specification for
C. V. Thio; J. B. Davies
100 years of Lewy pathology.
In 1817, James Parkinson described the symptoms of the shaking palsy, a disease that was subsequently defined in greater detail, and named after Parkinson, by Jean-Martin Charcot. Parkinson expected that the publication of his monograph would lead to a rapid elucidation of the anatomical substrate of the shaking palsy; in the event, this process took almost a century. In 1912, Fritz Heinrich Lewy identified the protein aggregates that define Parkinson disease (PD) in some brain regions outside the substantia nigra. In 1919, Konstantin Nikolaevich Tretiakoff found similar aggregates in the substantia nigra and named them after Lewy. In the 1990s, ?-synuclein was identified as the main constituent of the Lewy pathology, and its aggregation was shown to be central to PD, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. In 2003, a staging scheme for idiopathic PD was introduced, according to which ?-synuclein pathology originates in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagal nerve and progresses from there to other brain regions, including the substantia nigra. In this article, we review the relevance of Lewy's discovery 100 years ago for the current understanding of PD and related disorders. PMID:23183883
Goedert, Michel; Spillantini, Maria Grazia; Del Tredici, Kelly; Braak, Heiko
Lewis & Clark: Mapping the West
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson commissioned an expedition to explore the American Northwest. One important result of this famous expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark was the mapping of the interior of the US. This Website from Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and EdGate.com offers background information, historical context, expedition maps, and educational resources (activities and lesson plans) on Lewis and Clark. The site's cartographic emphasis gives useful tips on mapping techniques and challenges; digital images of the original maps are in the works, and the several available maps are fascinating and well worth the look.
Lewis & Clark: An Interdisciplinary Expedition
On January 18, 1803 President Thomas Jefferson asked Congress to fund an expedition to the source of the Missouri River. This expedition would become known as the Corps of Discovery, which would spend twenty-eight months exploring, studying, and documenting the wonders of the western frontier. Led by Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark,�
Brugar, Kristy
Lewis and Clark as Naturalists.
Intended for use in elementary and high school education, this Web site includes a teacher's guide and three lesson plans. The site contains images of museum specimens, scientific drawings, and field photos of the plant and animal species observed by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, along with journal excerpts, historical notes, and references�
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. National Museum of Natural History.
Nelson Mandela Urges Action on Growing TB and HIV Epidemic
Well respected for his fervent devotion to human rights, Nobel laureate Nelson Mandela urged cooperation and immediate action in the global struggle against tuberculosis, a situation which is extremely acute in parts of the developing world. In his remarks, Mandela also related the struggle with tuberculosis to the situation with preventing the spread of HIV. Speaking to reporters at an international conference in Bangkok, Mandela remarked that "We cannot win the battle against AIDS if we do not also fight TB. TB is too often a death sentence for people with AIDS. It does not have to be this way." Mandela knows all too well about the situation with TB, as he himself contracted the disease during his time as a political prisoner in South Africa during apartheid. Research into the dual tuberculosis and AIDS epidemic received a large infusion of funding this Thursday as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that the organization would offer $45 million for studies into strategies to control TB in areas with high HIV infection rates. Specifically, the monies will go to pay for three large-scale community studies in Africa and South American over seven years.The first link will take visitors to an article from the Voice of America, complete with an audio report from reporter Steve Baragona reporting from Bangkok on the XV International AIDS Conference. The second link leads to an article from the Sydney Morning Herald that talks about the recent grant offered by the Gates Foundation to the Global Fund on AIDS. The third link leads to the homepage of the Center for TB Research Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University where visitors can read about the lab's work and learn about the need for additional research into this disease. The fourth link leads visitors to the Stop TB Partnership webpage, which is hosted by the World Health Organization. Visitors may want to peruse some of the helpful publications, such as reports on global tuberculosis control and the event calendar. The fifth link leads to the homepage for the XV International AIDS Conference, which features full coverage of the conference in Bangkok, video coverage of the various sessions, and updated news from the conference. The final link leads to a rather intriguing five-part radio series on the life and times of Nelson Mandela, sponsored by the American Radio Works. The remarkable highlights of this series include interviews with former African National Congress activists, fellow Robben Island prisoners, and a rare recording of the 1964 trial where Mandela was sentenced to life in prison.
Science student experimenter Todd Nelson with STS-3 crew Lousma and Fullerton
Science student experimenter Todd Nelson meets with STS-3 crew Commander Jack R. Lousma, left, and Pilot C. Gordon Fullerton to discuss his experiment 'Insects in flight motion study' during a press briefing in JSC's public affairs facility.
1. Historic American Buildings Survey Nelson Collection, McCoy Label Co., ...
1. Historic American Buildings Survey Nelson Collection, McCoy Label Co., S.F. Circa 1876 VIEW DURING ERECTION - U. S. Sub-Treasury & Mint, 608 Commercial Street, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA
3. Historic American Buildings Survey Nelson Collection, McCoy Label Co., ...
3. Historic American Buildings Survey Nelson Collection, McCoy Label Co., S.F. Circa - 1876 VIEW DURING ERECTION - U. S. Sub-Treasury & Mint, 608 Commercial Street, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA
2. Historic American Buildings Survey Nelson Collection, McCoy Label Co., ...
2. Historic American Buildings Survey Nelson Collection, McCoy Label Co., S.F. Circa 1876 VIEW DURING ERECTION - U. S. Sub-Treasury & Mint, 608 Commercial Street, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA
78 FR 56224 - Hydro Nelson, Ltd.; Hydro-WM, LLC; Notice of Transfer of Exemption
...Regulatory Commission [Project No. 3401-049] Hydro Nelson, Ltd.; Hydro-WM, LLC; Notice of Transfer of Exemption 1. By...8, 2013 and supplemented on September 4, 2013, Hydro-WM, LLC informed the Commission that the...
CRCHD - CRCHD Research - Principal Investigator: William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. William G. Nelson is a Professor of Oncology, Urology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, with a Joint Appointment in Environmental Health Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Nelson serves as the Marion I. Knott Professor and Chairman of Oncology and the Director of the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.
STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Mission Specialist (MS) George D. Nelson, wearing liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG), works with inner glove before donning extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) lower torso (positioned on chair between technicians). Nelson, standing with technicians on the poolside, is preparing for contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) exercises in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) Bldg 29. Photograph was taken by Keith Meyers of the NEW YORK TIMES.
SciTech Connect
The first units of Limestone Generating Station, the third plant on the Lower Nelson River in northern Manitoba, will come into service in the fall of 1990. Additional var compensation equipment is required at the inverter end of the Nelson River HVdc system to accommodate power from Limestone. This paper describes the system requirements of and the overall specification for the synchronous compensators selected to supply the reactive power and voltage support.
Thio, C.V.; Davies, J.B. (Manitoba Hydro, Winnipeg, Manitoba (CA))
Antimicrobial Potential and Chemical Characterization of Serbian Liverwort (Porella arboris-vitae): SEM and TEM Observations
The chemical composition of Porella arboris-vitae extracts was determined by solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS), and 66 constituents were identified. The dominant compounds in methanol extract of P. arboris-vitae were ?-caryophyllene (14.7%), ?-gurjunene (10.9%), ?-selinene (10.8%), ?-elemene (5.6%), ?-muurolene (4.6%), and allo-aromadendrene (4.3%) and in ethanol extract, ?-caryophyllene (11.8%), ?-selinene (9.6%), ?-gurjunene (9.4%), isopentyl alcohol (8.8%), 2-hexanol (3.7%), ?-elemene (3.7%), allo-aromadendrene (3.7%), and ?-muurolene (3.3%) were the major components. In ethyl acetate extract of P. arboris-vitae, undecane (11.3%), ?-caryophyllene (8.4%), dodecane (6.4%), ?-gurjunene (6%), 2-methyldecane (5.1%), hemimellitene (4.9%), and D-limonene (3.9%) were major components. The antimicrobial activity of different P. arboris-vitae extracts was evaluated against selected food spoilage microorganisms using microbroth dilution method. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) varied from 0.5 to 1.5?mg/mL and 1.25 to 2?mg/mL for yeast and bacterial strains, respectively. Significant morphological and ultrastructural alterations due to the effect of methanolic and ethanolic P. arboris-vitae extracts on S. Enteritidis have also been observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The results provide the evidence of antimicrobial potential of P. arboris-vitae extracts and suggest its potential as natural antimicrobial agents for food preservation.
Kumar Tyagi, Amit; Bukvicki, Danka; Gottardi, Davide; Veljic, Milan; Guerzoni, Maria Elisabetta; Malik, Anushree; Marin, Petar D.
Correction to LaPlante, Nelson, and Gray (2013).
Reports an error in "Breadth and Depth Involvement: Understanding Internet Gambling Involvement and Its Relationship to Gambling Problems" by Debi A. LaPlante, Sarah E. Nelson and Heather M. Gray (Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Advanced Online Publication, Aug 5, 2013, np). The article incorrectly stated under the Procedures heading on page 3 that "The Cambridge Health Alliance Institutional Review Board approved our application to conduct the Web-based BBGS survey and secondary data analyses of the bwin.party subscriber database." The authors alerted the journal that this project would have been exempt from IRB review and under this circumstance the IRB would not have issued any formal approval. Consequently, the published statement is inaccurate. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2013-28000-001.) The "involvement effect" refers to the finding that controlling for gambling involvement often reduces or eliminates frequently observed game-specific associations with problem gambling. In other words, broader patterns of gambling behavior, particularly the number of types of games played over a defined period, contribute more to problem gambling than playing specific games (e.g., lottery, casino, Internet gambling). This study extends this burgeoning area of inquiry in three primary ways. First, it tests independently and simultaneously the predictive power of two gambling patterns: breadth involvement (i.e., the number of games an individual plays) and depth involvement (i.e., the number of days an individual plays). Second, it includes the first involvement analyses of actual betting activity records that are associated with clinical screening information. Third, it evaluates and compares the linearity of breadth and depth effects. We conducted analyses of the actual gambling activity of 1,440 subscribers to the bwin.party gambling service who completed an online gambling disorder screen. In all, 11 of the 16 games we examined had a significant univariate association with a positive screen for gambling disorder. However, after controlling for breadth involvement, only Live Action Internet sports betting retained a significant relationship with potential gambling-related problems. Depth involvement, though significantly related to potential problems, did not impact game-based gambling disorder associations as much as breadth involvement. Finally, breadth effects appeared steeply linear, with a slight quadratic component manifesting beyond four games played, but depth effects appeared to have a strong linear component and a slight cubic component. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). PMID:24708196
Sommario La vita di un materiale metallico in presenza di so llecitazioni meccaniche e termiche variabili nel tempo in campo plastico pu� essere investigato mediante modelli di danneggiamento descritti dettagliatament e in letteratura. Per la calibrazione dei modelli costitutivi e di danneggia mento � necessario un numero di prove di caratterizzazione, standard e non, dipende nti dal livello di approfondimento
C. Delprete; R. Sesana; A. Vercelli
Cryopreservation and Evaluation of Chinese ArborVitae (Biota Orientalis) Seeds
Under cryopreservation conditions or at ?196�C, because of extreme reduction of metabolic and physiologic processes, the seed sample or plant organ can survive for a long time. Chinese arbor-vitae (Biota orientalis (L.) Endl.) is one of the endangered forest species in Iran. To preserve B. orientalis seeds under cryogenic conditions, three cryopreservation treatments, including plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2), 30%
M. Naderi Shahab; F. Hatami; M. Tabari; A. A. Jafari
VITA (Volunteers in Technical Assistance) - Elmira. Final Report to the Economic Development Administration.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Vita-Elmira, New York, handled ninety-four cases of technical assistance ranging from a few simple requests for help with writing proposals to several complex and long-range projects such as the rapid growth of a modest firelog manufacturing business, and...
STS-26 MS Nelson poses with the infrared communications flight experiment
STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Mission Specialist (MS) George D. Nelson poses with components of the infrared communications flight experiment (IRCFE) in the JSC Communications and Tracking Development Laboratory Bldg 44 Audio Lab rm 143. Nelson will operate the IRCFE, wearing a belt dotted with three infrared light-emitting diode modules, which broadcast signals; and three photodiode modules, which receive signals. The lightweight portable transceiver and headset are exactly the same size as the interim wireless crew communications system (WCCS), the system first used aboard the orbiter.
Lewy Body Dementia: Information for Patients, Families, and Professionals
... 27 MB) Order Share this: ? Table of Contents Introduction The Basics of Lewy Body Dementia Types of Lewy Body Dementia Causes and Risk Factors Common Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment and Management Advice for People Living with Lewy Body Dementia ...
alpha-Synuclein in Lewy bodies
Lewy bodies, a defining pathological characteristic of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), constitute the second most common nerve cell pathology, after the neurofibrillary lesions of Alzheimer's disease. Their formation may cause neurodegeneration, but their biochemical composition is unknown. Neurofilaments and ubiquitin are present, but it is unclear whether they are major components of the filamentous material of
Maria Grazia Spillantini; Marie Luise Schmidt; Virginia M.-Y. Lee; John Q. Trojanowski; Ross Jakes; Michel Goedert
Unruly Woman: An Interview with Helen Lewis.
Overviews the career of Helen Lewis as sociologist, social activist, teacher, writer, researcher, and mentor. Helen Lewis discusses growing up in segregated Georgia, her unorthodox approach to education, her fight for social and economic equality, her instrumental role in the development of Appalachian Studies programs, and how social activism�
Briscoe, Lori; Collins, Erica S.; Deal, Amanda; Hancock, Ron; McGraw, Kristyn; Lewis, Helen
76 FR 56455 - DaVita, Inc.; Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent Orders To Aid Public Comment
...for confidential treatment, and you have to...for confidential treatment that accompanies...end stage renal disease (``ESRD'') patients receive treatment. In 2010 DaVita's...function of the kidneys by removing...
Adult Learners: New Norms on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test for Healthcare Professionals.
Presents new norms on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test for healthcare-professional students. Notes that it is generally accepted that professional and graduate schools require students with good reading ability because of the quantity of material to be read. Presents standard scores, percentile ranks, and stanine scores as revised norms based on test�
Haught, Patricia A.; Walls, Richard T.
U.S. Rep. William Nelson drinking tea from shuttle beverage container
U.S. Rep. William Nelson of Florida tries drinking tea from a straw-equipped beverage dispenser in JSC's life sciences laboratory during a space food orientation session. The congressman is in early stages of training for a position on the STS 61-C mission.
The effect of sodium valproate in Cushing's disease, Nelson's syndrome and Addison's disease
Summary We investigated the effect of sodium valproate on plasma ACTH and serum cortisol concentrations in different pathological states of ACTH hypersecretion. Five patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome, two patients with Nelson's syndrome and five patients with Addison's disease were studied. Neither a single dose nor long term administration of sodium valproate resulted in a significant decrease of plasma
M. Reincke; B. Allolio; D. Kaulen; C. Jaursch-Hancke; W. Winkelmann
Coherent Backscattering: Conceptions and Misconceptions (Reply to Comments by Bruce W. Hapke and Robert M. Nelson)
Although the note by Hapke and Nelson has virtually no relevance to our original publication, it contains a number of statements that are misleading and/or wrong. We, therefore, use this opportunity to dispel several profound misconceptions that continue to hinder the progress in remote sensing of planetary surfaces.
Tishkovets, Victor P.; Mishchenko, Michael
Relationships among the MCAT Reading Subtest, Nelson-Denny Reading Test, and Medical School Achievement.
The relationship between reading scores on the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and scores on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test (NDRT) was investigated, along with the tests' predictive validities for medical school achievement. Although NDRT was better as a single predictor of achievement, it has limitations as a predictive device. (SW)
Jackson, James R.; Brooks, C. Michael
Uniform product formulae with application to the Feynman�Nelson integral for open systems
The product formula for perturbations of propagators by Faris is generalized: we show that one can use arbitrary partitions of a given interval and perform the limit uniformly with respect to the partition norm. The results are applied to express solutions of the Schr�dinger equation, in particular for some complex and time-dependent potentials, by means of Nelson-type path integrals.
Exner, P.; Kolerov, G. I.
The geology and nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation in the Graham Valley, North-West Nelson
In the Graham Valley, North-West Nelson, mafic and ultramafic rocks intruding lower Paleozoic sediments, are referred to the Riwaka Complex. At this locality the complex consists of two major rock types; the most extensive is pyroxenite with minor gabbro (Pokororo Pyroxenite) which encloses small discrete masses of peridotite (Graham Peridotite). Sulphides associated with the pyroxenite include pentlandite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite;
K. R. Gill; M. R. Johnston
UK Data from 197 Undergraduates for the Nelson Denny Reading Test
The Nelson Denny Reading Test (Brown, Fishco & Hanna, 1993) provides measures of comprehension, reading rate and vocabulary. It is widely used in research studies with high school and undergraduate students and for assessment purposes in the USA. No widely used test of this kind exists for adults in the UK. The present paper reports data from 197�
Masterson, Jackie; Hayes, Maureen
The Nelson-Denny Reading Test as a Predictor of Community College English and Psychology Grades.
This paper reports the results of a study conducted to examine the predictive validity of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test (NDRT) in the Virginia Community College System. Subjects were students at Blue Ridge Community College enrolled in English 101, 102, 111, 112, and Psychology 201, 202, or 203 during one academic year. The NDRT (Form A) was�
Levin, Bernard H.; And Others
"Finding Useful Questions: On Bayesian Diagnosticity, Probability, Impact, and Information Gain": Correction to Nelson (2005)
Reports an error in "Finding Useful Questions: On Bayesian Diagnosticity, Probability, Impact, and Information Gain" by Jonathan D. Nelson (Psychological Review, 2005[Oct], Vol 112[4], 979-999). In Table 13, the data should indicate that 7% of females had short hair and 93% of females had long hair. The calculations and discussion in the article�
Nelson, Jonathan D.
Underwater extravehicular activity (EVA) training in the weightless environment training facility (WETF) with astronauts George Nelson and James van Hoften. View of astronaut in full extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) floating inside the space shuttle payload bay mockup with a diver behind him (42898); view of astronaut in foot restraint device floating above payload bay mockup with divers (42899).
A generalization of the F�nyes � Nelson stochastic model of quantum mechanics
It is shown that the stochastic model of F�nyes and Nelson can be generalized in such a way that the diffusion constant of the Markov theory becomes a free parameter. This extra freedom allows one to identify quantum mechanics with a class of Markov process with diffusion constants varying from 0 to 8.
Mark P. Davidson
The generalized F�nyes-Nelson model for free scalar field theory
The generalized F�nyes-Nelson model of quantum mechanics is applied to the free scalar field. The resulting Markov field is equivalent to the Euclidean Markov field with the times scaled by a common factor which depends on the diffusion parameter. This result is consistent with Guerra's earlier work on stochastic quantization of scalar fields. It suggests a deep connection between Euclidean
Mark Davidson
Constructivist underpinnings in Donald Sch�n�s theory of reflective practice: echoes of Nelson Goodman
Donald Sch�n�s theory of reflective practice has garnered unprecedented attention in the field of continuing professional education. In this paper, I examine Sch�n�s writing on reflective practice and argue that a constructivist orientation is a central, although largely unexplored, underpinning of his work. In particular I consider the work of philosopher Nelson Goodman and suggest that he is a major
Elizabeth Anne Kinsella
[The treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia using the Mumie-Vitas preparation].
Overall thirty-eight patients presenting with stage I-II benign prostate hyperplasia received treatment with a new local drug preparation Mumiyo-Vitas, 0.2 g on a once- or twice-daily basis over six months. Effects were studied of the drug on the urologic symptomatology and quality of life of patients presenting with ongoing micturitional disturbances, functional state of detrusor vesicae, prostate volume and urethral resistance. Efficiency of the treatment given was assessed by the International system, uroflowmetry, ultrasonic investigation. Mumiyo-Vitas appeared to be of therapeutic benefit in those patients with subjective and objective symptoms of the urinary bladder obstruction who had innocent prostate hyperplasia. PMID:9589956
Andriukhova, N N
Effective Design and Evaluation of Serious Games: The Case of the e-VITA Project
Learning and training are presently facing new challenges and a strong transformation. The use of electronic games for education (game-based learning) promotes an agile, immersive and stimulating form of learning that fosters learner engagement and motivation. Nonetheless, the design of effective and engaging educational games is a creative process that is unique to each situation. This paper discusses the inherent challenges of building intellectually appropriate and engaging games and presents the methodology adopted in the case of the e-VITA project that applies GBL to promote knowledge sharing and transfer for intergenerational learning. The paper analyses the e-VITAframework for SGs evaluation, which is central to the project's iterative development approach. Early findings stemming from the validation of the e-VITA prototype game are also presented.
Pappa, Dimitra; Pannese, Lucia
G. N. Lewis and the Chemical Bond.
Discusses the contributions of G. N. Lewis to chemistry, focusing on his formulation of the basic principle of the chemical bond--the idea that the chemical bond consists of a pair of electrons held jointly by two atoms. (JN)
Pauling, Linus
NASA Lewis Wind Tunnel Model Systems Criteria.
This report describes criteria for the design, analysis, quality assurance, and documentation of models or test articles that are to be tested in the aeropropulsion facilities at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The report presents three methods for comput...
R. H. Soeder H. C. Haller
Pueblo Pottery: Continuity and Change. Lucy Lewis.
Describes Lucy Lewis' ceramic work which is inspired by the ancient pottery of her Acoma Pueblo artistic heritage. Discusses concepts of tradition, artistic heritage, and change over time. Outlines related ceramic and discussion activities for elementary and secondary students. (KM)
Herzog, Melanie
90 Seconds of Discovery: Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Hydrogen activating catalysts play an important role in producing valuable chemicals, such as biofuels and ammonia. As a part of efforts to develop the next generation of these catalysts, PNNL researchers have found potential in Frustrated Lewis Pairs.
Kathmann, Shawn; Schenter, Greg; Autrey, Tom
Lewis Research Center: Commercialization Success Stories
The NASA Lewis Research Center, located in Cleveland, Ohio, has a portfolio of research and technology capabilities and facilities that afford opportunities for productive partnerships with industry in a broad range of industry sectors. In response to the President's agenda in the area of technology for economic growth (Clinton/Gore 1993), the National Performance Review (1993), NASA's Agenda for Change (1994), and the needs of its customers, NASA Lewis Research Center has sought and achieved significant successes in technology transfer and commercialization. This paper discusses a sampling of Lewis Research Center's successes in this area, and lessons learned that Lewis Research Center is applying in pursuit of continuous improvement and excellence in technology transfer and commercialization.
Heyward, Ann O.
Investigation of Lewis acid versus Lewis base catalysis in asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis.
The asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes can be catalysed by Lewis acids and/or Lewis bases, which activate the aldehyde and trimethylsilyl cyanide, respectively. It is not always apparent from the structure of the catalyst whether Lewis acid or Lewis base catalysis predominates. To investigate this in the context of using salen complexes of titanium, vanadium and aluminium as catalysts, a Hammett analysis of asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis was undertaken. When Lewis acid catalysis is dominant, a significantly positive reaction constant is observed, whereas reactions dominated by Lewis base catalysis give much smaller reaction constants. [{Ti(salen)O}(2)] was found to show the highest degree of Lewis acid catalysis, whereas two [VO(salen)X] (X=EtOSO(3) or NCS) complexes both displayed lower degrees of Lewis acid catalysis. In the case of reactions catalysed by [{Al(salen)}(2)O] and triphenylphosphine oxide, a non-linear Hammett plot was observed, which is indicative of a change in mechanism with increasing Lewis base catalysis as the carbonyl compound becomes more electron-deficient. These results suggested that the aluminium complex/triphenylphosphine oxide catalyst system should also catalyse the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to ketones and this was found to be the case. PMID:20715204
North, Michael; Omedes-Pujol, Marta; Williamson, Courtney
Research and technology, Lewis Research Center
The NASA Lewis Research Center's research and technology accomplishments for fiscal year 1985 are summarized. The report is organized into five major sections covering aeronautics, aerospace technology, spaceflight systems, space station systems, and computational technology support. This organization of the report roughly parallels the organization of the Center into directorates. Where appropriate, subheadings are used to identify special topics under the major headings. Results of all research and technology work performed during the fiscal year are contained in Lewis-published technical reports and presentations prepared either by Lewis scientists and engineers or by contractor personnel. In addition, significant results are presented by university faculty or graduate students in technical sessions and in journals of the technical societies. For the reader who desires more information about a particular subject, the Lewis contact will provide that information or references. In 1985, five Lewis products were selected by Research and Development Magazine for IR-100 awards. All are described and identified. In addition, the Lewis Distinguished Paper for 1984 to 1985, which was selected by the Chief Scientist and a research advisory board, is included and so identified.
Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in Nelson Lagoon, Alaska, sampling three different matrices.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were measured in sediments, bivalves and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in the relatively pristine marine environment of Nelson Lagoon, Alaska. Most PAH levels in Nelson Lagoon were low, and similar to global background concentrations. Sampling media type can significantly influence conclusions of PAH contamination in the environment. Concentration of a broad size range of PAHs was observed in the tissues of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). SPMDs collected some two- to three-ring PAHs from the dissolved water phase, while sediments collected five- to six-ring PAHs that were likely adsorbed onto particulate matter. Benzo(a)pyrene, a potent carcinogen, was found in mussels at levels similar to more industrialized harbors in Alaska. PMID:22901960
Lance, Ellen W; Matz, Angela C; Reeves, Mari K; Verbrugge, Lori A
Quantum cybernetics: a new perspective for Nelson's stochastic theory, nonlocality, and the Klein-Gordon equation
The Klein-Gordon equation is shown to be equivalent to coupled partial differential equations for a sub-quantum Brownian movement of a �particle�, which is both passively affected by, and actively affecting, a diffusion process of its generally nonlocal environment. This indicates circularly causal, or �cybernetic�, relationships between �particles� and their surroundings. Moreover, in the relativistic domain, the original stochastic theory of Nelson is shown to hold as a limiting case only, i.e., for a vanishing quantum potential.
Gr�ssing, Gerhard
The generalized F?nyes-Nelson model for free scalar field theory
The generalized Fenyes--Nelson model of quantum mechanics is applied to the\\u000afree scalar field. The resulting Markov field is equivalent to the Euclidean\\u000aMarkov field with the times scaled by a common factor which depends on the\\u000adiffusion parameter. This result is consistent between Guerra's earlier work on\\u000astochastic quantization of scalar fields. It suggests a deep connection between\\u000aEuclidean
Leadership and power in Nelson Mandela�s Long Walk to Freedom
Nelson Mandela�s Long Walk to Freedom analyzes the racial power conflict in South Africa, and Mandela�s own role as a leader in that struggle. Mandela saw the conflict in variable?sum, not zero?sum terms: it was in all sides� interest to avoid civil war, but without risk?taking leadership civil war was the likely outcome. Mandela employed several of the strategies for
James H. Read
The Impact of Gender on the Review of the Curricula Vitae of Job Applicants and Tenure Candidates: A National Empirical Study
The purpose of this study was to determine someof the factors that influence outside reviewers andsearch committee members when they are reviewingcurricula vitae, particularly with respect to the gender of the name on the vitae. The participants inthis study were 238 male and female academicpsychologists who listed a university address in the1997 Directory of the American PsychologicalAssociation. They were each
Rhea E. Steinpreis; Katie A. Anders; Dawn Ritzke
Modeling Lewy Pathology Propagation in Parkinson's Disease
Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) comprised of alpha-synuclein (?Syn), are intraneuronal inclusions that characterize Parkinson�s disease. Although the association between the extent of Lewy pathology and clinical symptoms is well established, how these proteinaceous deposits originate and target selectively vulnerable cell populations is unknown. Our knowledge of their role in PD pathogenesis is also limited. Here, we summarize recent findings demonstrating this pathology can be experimentally transmitted between animals by misfolded forms of ?Syn that are capable of initiating and inducing LB and LN inclusion formation through a self-propagating mechanism reminiscent of prions. �Seeded� LBs and LNs in animal models also spread to multiple connected nuclei in a predictable pattern, recapitulating a phenomenon observed during human PD progression, leading to the dysfunction and degeneration of afflicted neurons. These models provide new perspectives on how this and other misfolded proteins may contribute to neurodegeneration in human disease.
Luk, Kelvin C.; Lee, Virginia M.-Y.
Rocket Propulsion Research at Lewis Research Center
A small contingent of engineers at NASA Lewis Research Center pioneered in basic research on liquid propellants for rockets shortly after World War II. Carried on through the 1950s, this work influenced the important early decisions made by Abe Silverstein when he took charge of the Office of Space Flight Programs for NASA. He strongly supported the development of liquid hydrogen as a propulsion fuel in the face of resistance from Wernher von Braun. Members of the Lewis staff played an important role in bringing liquid hydrogen technology to the point of reliability through their management of the Centaur Program. This paper demonstrates how the personality and engineering intuition of Abe Silverstein shaped the Centaur program and left a lasting imprint on the laboratory research tradition. Many of the current leaders of Lewis Research Center received their first hands-on engineering experience when they worked on the Centaur program in the 1960s.
Dawson, Virginia P.
A Lewis acid-promoted Pinner reaction
Summary Carbonitriles and alcohols react in a Lewis acid-promoted Pinner reaction to carboxylic esters. Best results are obtained with two equivalents of trimethylsilyl triflate as Lewis acid. Good yields are achieved with primary alcohols and aliphatic or benzylic carbonitriles, but the straightforward synthesis of acrylates and benzoates starting with acrylonitrile and benzonitrile, respectively, is similarly possible. Phenols are not acylated under these reaction conditions. The method has been used for the first total synthesis of the natural product monaspilosin. In the reaction of benzyl alcohols variable amounts of amides are formed in a Ritter-type side reaction.
Pfaff, Dominik; Nemecek, Gregor
Enantioselective acylphosphonylation-dual lewis Acid-lewis base activation of aldehyde and acylphosphonate.
Acetoxyphosphonates were obtained by a one-step procedure consisting of reaction of diethyl acetylphosphonate with prochiral aldehydes in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a chiral Lewis acid, an achiral Lewis base, and a Br�nstedt base. Best results were obtained using a tridentate Schiff base aluminum(III) Lewis acidic complex, 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, and a tertiary amine such as DBU. The target compounds were in most cases obtained in high yields, but with moderate enantiomeric ratios (up to 78:22). PMID:24865473
Wen, Ye-Qian; Hertzberg, Robin; Moberg, Christina
Molecular Design Properties of OxyVita Hemoglobin, a New Generation Therapeutic Oxygen Carrier: A Review
OxyVita Hb is a new generation hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) produced through modification of a zero-linked polymerization mechanism using activators which incorporate cross-linked bovine tetramer hemoglobin into �super-polymeric� macromolecules (Average molecular weight = 17 MDa) for the purpose of oxygen delivery when whole blood or packed red cells are not available. This molecular design approach was generated in order to address several fundamental biochemical and physiological weaknesses of previous generations of HBOCs. Observation during pre-clinical and clinical studies provided evidence that these early generation acellular HBOCs were directly associated with loss of retention within the circulatory system, extravasation across endothelial tissue membranes due to their small molecular size leading to arterial and venous vasoconstriction with coupled increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The inherent increase in molecular size and structural stability of the OxyVita Hb is a direct response to addressing these serious weaknesses that have occurred during the evolution of HBOC development within the past two decades. The nature of the zero-linked synthetic route eliminates any chemical linkers remaining in the product, eliminating side reaction concerns, such as reversibility and decomposition due to weak chemical bonds, dependency on temperature and pressure, and residual toxicity
Harrington, John P.; Wollocko, Hanna
Shading Vita In-ceram YZ substructures: influence on value and chroma, part II.
In this study, the influence of differently shaded substructures made of Y-TZP from different manufacturers (without, with 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm ceramic veneer with Vita VM9 Base Dentin) on the lightness, the saturation, and the color shade (= value, chroma, and hue) was measured and assessed with a spectral photometer (Easy Shade, Vita) on a clinical case in the mouth and on models of different color. Shading substructures made of Y-TZP facilitated adaptation to the basic shade and reduced the layer thickness of the veneer ceramic required to achieve the desired color. This should be done in the future as a matter of routine. In this way, tooth substance can be better conserved when preparing the teeth, and the esthetic result is not diminished. The material used for the production of the working models (plaster or plastic) should be tooth colored and in terms of lightness--analogous to the shading of the substructure--in order to facilitate clinical color measurement and quality control in the laboratory. PMID:16124506
Devigus, A; Lombardi, G
[Long-term clinical results of VITA In-Ceram Classic: a systematic review].
VITA In-Ceram Classic is a system to fabricate all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) with a glass-infiltrated aluminium oxide core material. This systematic review gives an overview of the clinical performance of the In-Ceram Classic types Alumina, Spinell and Zirconia. Based on a systematic literature research, an evidence-based selection and assessment of clinical studies of In-Ceram Classic ceramics was carried out. A total of 294 publications were found, 21 of which conformed to the inclusion criteria. Only few meaningful studies of In-Ceram Alumina FPDs and In-Ceram Zirconia crowns and FPDs were found. The Five-year survival rate of In-Ceram Alumina crowns and In-Ceram Spinell crowns ranging from 91.7% to 100% is similar to the survival rate of conventional metal-ceramic crowns. The Five-year survival rate of single-retainer In-Ceram Alumina resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) was 92.3%, and thus higher than that of two-retainer RBFPDs. In-Ceram Classic Alumina can be recommended for anterior and posterior crowns as well as for anterior single-retainer RBFPDs. In-Ceram Classic Spinell can be recommended for anterior crowns. Further studies have to be initiated in order to evaluate in detail the clinical performance of VITA In-Ceram Classic. PMID:16524214
Kaiser, Michael; Wasserman, Avi; Strub, J�rg Rudolf
Lewis Mumford and the ecology of technics
This article examines Lewis Mumford's scholarship and his contribution to the emergence of media ecology as both an intellectual tradition and a theoretical perspective on the study of technology, media, and culture. After a biographical sketch with an emphasis on the larger historical contexts in which Mumford's scholarship is located, this analysis focuses on three aspects of Mumford's voluminous work
Lance Strate; Casey Man Kong Lum
Lewis and Clark--Indiana Connections.
The state of Indiana has an important, recognized connection to the Lewis and Clark Expedition. That connection is reinforced with a National Signature Event in Clarksville (Indiana) during October 2003. Until the expedition party left its winter camp in May 1804, it remained in Indiana Territory, governed from Vincennes (Indiana) by William Henry�
Bennett, Pamela J., Ed.
Interaction of Perch Fucolectin with Lewis Antigens
The interaction of fucolectin of perch Perca fluviatilis (PFL) with a set of Lewis antigens was studied by monitoring changes in its tryptophan fluorescence. PFL bound Lec (H type 1)-pentasaccharide (Ka = 6.6 � 103 ?�1) and H type 6-trisaccharide (Ka = 2.5 � 103 ?�1); bound, although less strongly, with Leb-hexasaccharide (Ka = 4.0 � 102 ?�1); and failed
V. E. Piskarev; T. L. Busheva; I. A. Yamskov
Composites research at NASA Lewis Research Center
Composites research at NASA Lewis is focused on their applications in aircraft propulsion, space propulsion, and space power, with the first being predominant. Research on polymer-, metal-, and ceramic-matrix composites is being carried out from an integrated materials and structures viewpoint. This paper outlines some of the topics being pursued from the standpoint of key technical issues, current status, and future directions.
Levine, Stanley R.; Duffy, Stephen; Vary, Alex; Nathal, Michael V.; Miner, Robert V.; Arnold, Steven M.; Castelli, Michael G.; Hopkins, Dale A.; Meador, Michael A.
An Overview of Lewis Basicity and Affinity Scales
The impossibility of establishing a universal scale of Lewis basicity does not prevent the determination of the quantitative behavior of Lewis bases, thanks to scales constructed against particular Lewis acids: BF[subscript 3], 4-FC[subscript 6]H[subscript 4]OH, I[subscript 2], Li[superscript +], Na[superscript +], K[superscript +], Al[superscript�
Laurence, Christian; Graton, Jerome; Gal, Jean-Francois
Relationships between Lewy bodies and pale bodies in Parkinson's disease
The prevalance of pale bodies and Lewy bodies was studied in the substantia nigra of 12 patients with typical Parkinson's disease (PD), in 5 patients with diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), and in a group of neurologically normal controls. Anti-ubiquitin antibodies labelled pale bodies and Lewy bodies in typical PD and DLBD, and there was a strong positive correlation between
G. E. Dale; A. Probst; P. Luthert; J. Martin; B. H. Anderton; P. N. Leigh
STS-26 MS Nelson operates controls for PVTOS-2 experiment on aft middeck
STS-26 Mission Specialist (MS) George D. Nelson operates generic electronics module for the Physical Vapor Transport of Organic Solids 2 (PVTOS-2) experiment on Discovery's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103's, aft middeck. PVTOS-2 consists of nine independent experimental cells about 12 inches long and 3 inches in diameter. They are mounted in a circular base plate inside the drum-like experimental apparatus container (EAC). PVTOS-2 is sponsored by NASA's Office of Commercial Programs and is being conducted by 3M's Space Research and Applications Laboratory.
Visual Interpretation with Three-Dimensional Annotations (VITA): three-dimensional image interpretation tool for radiological reporting.
This paper introduces a software framework called Visual Interpretation with Three-Dimensional Annotations (VITA) that is able to automatically generate three-dimensional (3D) visual summaries based on radiological annotations made during routine exam reporting. VITA summaries are in the form of rotating 3D volumes where radiological annotations are highlighted to place important clinical observations into a 3D context. The rendered volume is produced as a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) object and is automatically added to the study for archival in Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). In addition, a video summary (e.g., MPEG4) can be generated for sharing with patients and for situations where DICOM viewers are not readily available to referring physicians. The current version of VITA is compatible with ClearCanvas; however, VITA can work with any PACS workstation that has a structured annotation implementation (e.g., Extendible Markup Language, Health Level 7, Annotation and Image Markup) and is able to seamlessly integrate into the existing reporting workflow. In a survey with referring physicians, the vast majority strongly agreed that 3D visual summaries improve the communication of the radiologists' reports and aid communication with patients. PMID:23979113
Roy, Sharmili; Brown, Michael S; Shih, George L
Esiti di stroke e di frattura di femore a confronto: aspetti funzionali, qualit� di vita e costi riabilitativi
Introduzione Stroke e frattura di femore sono le due patologie pi� frequente- mente trattate nella riabilitazione intensiva ospedaliera. Con il nostro lavoro vogliamo dare un contributo all'analisi della situazione domiciliare a medio termine dall'evento acuto dei pazienti con esiti di stroke e dei pazienti con postumi di frattura di femore sotto quattro principali aspetti: funzionale, della qualit� di vita, dei
The Professoriate in the Field of Educational Administration: Insights from an Analysis of Journal Authors' Curricula Vitae
Purpose: Based on a qualitative content analysis of 57 curricula vitae of authors who published their work in the major journals of the educational administration (EA) field, this paper seeks to display the career of EA authors and to suggest some epistemological implications for the field. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on�
Oplatka, Izhar
Modern Exploration of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Geosystem is an online collection of private, state, local, and Federal data resources associated with the geography of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Data were compiled from key partners including NASA s Stennis Space Center, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Montana, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and from a collection of Lewis and Clark scholars. It combines modern views of the landscape with historical aerial photography, cartography, and other geographical data resources and historical sources, including: The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, the Academy of Natural Science's Lewis and Clark Herbarium, high-resolution copies of the American Philosophical Society s primary-source Lewis and Clark Journals, The Library of Congress Lewis and Clark cartography collection, as well as artifacts from the Smithsonian Institution and other sources.
Volumetric computed tomography screening for lung cancer: three rounds of the NELSON trial.
Several medical associations recommended lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography scanning for high-risk groups. Counselling of the candidates on the potential harms and benefits and their lung cancer risk is a prerequisite for screening. In the NELSON trial, screenings are considered positive for (part) solid lung nodules with a volume >500 mm3 and for (part) solid or nonsolid nodules with a volume-doubling time <400 days. For this study, the performance of the NELSON strategy in three screening rounds was evaluated and risk calculations were made for a follow-up period of 5.5 years. 458 (6%) of the 7582 participants screened had a positive screen result and 200 (2.6%) were diagnosed with lung cancer. The positive screenings had a predictive value of 40.6% and only 1.2% of all scan results were false-positive. In a period of 5.5 years, the risk of screen-detected lung cancer strongly depends on the result of the first scan: 1.0% after a negative baseline result, 5.7% after an indeterminate baseline and 48.3% after a positive baseline. The screening strategy yielded few positive and false-positive scans with a reasonable positive predictive value. The 5.5-year lung cancer risk calculations aid clinicians in counselling candidates for lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography. PMID:23845716
Horeweg, Nanda; van der Aalst, Carlijn M; Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn; Zhao, Yingru; Xie, Xueqian; Scholten, Ernst Th; Mali, Willem; Thunnissen, Erik; Weenink, Carla; Groen, Harry J M; Lammers, Jan-Willem J; Nackaerts, Kristiaan; van Rosmalen, Joost; Oudkerk, Matthijs; de Koning, Harry J
Washington During the Civil War: The Diary of Horatio Nelson Taft, 1861-1865
Although diaries are personal memoirs not usually meant for public viewing, they can sometimes reveal history more vividly and accurately then actual history books. With that said, Washington during the Civil War: The Diary of Horatio Nelson Taft presents three manuscript volumes, totaling 1,240 digital images, that document daily life in Washington, DC through the eyes of Horatio Nelson Taft (1806-1888). An examiner for the US Patent Office, Mr. Taft logged events in Washington during the Civil War years, including his connection with Abraham Lincoln and his family. Of special interest is Taft's description of Lincoln's assassination, based on the accounts of his friends and his son, the latter being one of the attending physicians at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865, the night Lincoln was shot. Donated as a gift from Mrs. Willoughby Davis, a Taft descendant, the three-volume diary is now housed in the Manuscript Division at the Library of Congress. This online collection spans the years 1861 to 1865 and is browseable by date of entry.
Identifying Hydrological Controls in the Lower Nelson River Basin utilizing Stable Water Isotopes
In 2010 a Stable Water Isotope (SWI) Monitoring Network was established within the lower Nelson River Basin (LNRB) (approximately 90,000 km2) in northern Manitoba, Canada, through a joint collaboration between the University of Manitoba and Manitoba Hydro (MH). The monitoring network encompasses over 60 sites where surface waters are regularly sampled, four sites sampling isotopes in precipitation, two sites utilizing drive point piezometers for the isotopic sampling of baseflow waters, and one site collecting evaporatively enriched water samples from an evaporation pan. In addition, two synoptic surveys have been completed in June 2011 and July 2012 to obtain annual snapshots of the monitoring network at a point in time. Currently, over 700 samples have been collected and analyzed. The LNRB contains approximately 9% of the total Nelson River Basin (NRB) drainage area, which encompasses an area of over 1 million km2. A diversion from the Churchill River through the Rat/Burntwood system routes an additional portion of flow into the northwest portion of the LNRB. The LNRB is significant to MH's network as it represents 75% of their power generation potential through six generating stations, thus resulting in a large portion of the basin being regulated. The watershed is topographically flat, therefore the movement and runoff of water, as well as isotopic composition of streamflow, is suspected to be highly impacted by changes in landscape and hydrography. The LNRB is a coniferous and wetland dominated basin, with almost 35% of the land cover composed of coniferous forest and 40% comprised of wetlands and lakes. Interpretation of the LNRB isotope framework shows that the major water sources (rainfall, snowfall, groundwater and surface waters) and rivers are isotopically distinct from one another. The main stem of the Nelson River shows little spatial or temporal variability, with an average ?18O of -10.6� and a standard deviation of 0.5� throughout the sampling period. Conversely, the main stem of the Burntwood River system shows increased variability relative to the Nelson River and overall is more depleted (average ?18O of -12.9� and a standard deviation of 0.75�). Many of the headwater tributaries to the Nelson and Burntwood River systems such as Birchtree Brook, and the Minago, Gunisao, Grass, Odei, Footprint and Sapochi Rivers show large temporal and spatial variability due to relatively smaller drainage areas and differences in typology and connectivity. For this reason, further investigation into the correlation of land cover with isotopic composition is assessed for the aforementioned tributaries to better establish the hydrological controls (i.e., sources and sinks) for each sub-basin at the mesoscale. Results signify a strong relationship between percent wetland coverage and the slope of the Local Evaporation Line (SLEL) for headwater sub-basins (R2=0.99), indicating the likelihood of enhanced evaporative enrichment for sub-basins with increased wetland coverage. The collection of SWI's within the LNRB will help to develop a comprehensive understanding of water sources and cycling in this basin with the end goal of improving hydrological forecasting tools to predict, with improved certainty, future water availability for hydroelectric power production.
Delavau, C. J.; Smith, A. A.; Stadnyk, T.; Koenig, K.
Calcium-based Lewis acid catalysts.
Recently, Lewis acidic calcium salts bearing weakly coordinating anions such as Ca(NTf?)?, Ca(OTf)?, CaF? and Ca[OCH(CF?)?]? have been discovered as catalysts for the transformation of alcohols, olefins and carbonyl compounds. High stability towards air and moisture, selectivity and high reactivity under mild reaction conditions render these catalysts a sustainable and mild alternative to transition metals, rare-earth metals or strong Br�nsted acids. PMID:23712417
Begouin, Jeanne-Marie; Niggemann, Meike
NASA Lewis' IITA K-12 Program
The NASA Lewis Research Center's Information Infrastructure Technology and Applications for Kindergarten to 12th Grade (IITA K-12) Program is designed to introduce into school systems computing and communications technology that benefits math and science studies. By incorporating this technology into K-12 curriculums, we hope to increase the proficiency and interest in math and science subjects by K-12 students so that they continue to study technical subjects after their high school careers are over.
Ermakov-Lewis symmetry in photonic lattices.
We present a class of waveguide arrays that is the classical analog of a quantum harmonic oscillator, where the mass and frequency depend on the propagation distance. In these photonic lattices, refractive indices and second-neighbor couplings define the mass and frequency of the analog quantum oscillator, while first-neighbor couplings are a free parameter to adjust the model. The quantum model conserves the Ermakov-Lewis invariant, thus the photonic crystal also possesses this symmetry. PMID:24686680
Rodr�guez-Lara, B M; Aleahmad, P; Moya-Cessa, H M; Christodoulides, D N
Appropriate Technology in Bolivia: Results, Recommendations and Reports; The Vita Survey of AT in Agriculture, Small Scale Industry and Artisanry, Water Supply and Sanitation and Energy.
The application of appropriate technology (AT) in Bolivian rural development projects has been hampered by the failure of involved institutions to coordinate their efforts. This detailed survey report, prepared by VITA, reviews the background, issues, and...
Lewis' Educational and Research Collaborative Internship Program
The Lewis Educational and Research Collaborative Internship Program (LERCIP) is a collaborative undertaking by the Office of Educational Programs at NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field (formerly NASA Lewis Research Center) and the Ohio Aerospace Institute. This program provides 10-week internships in addition to summer and winter extensions if funding is available and/or is requested by mentor (no less than 1 week no more than 4 weeks) for undergraduate/graduate students and secondary school teachers. Students who meet the travel reimbursement criteria receive up to $500 for travel expenses. Approximately 178 interns are selected to participate in this program each year and begin arriving the fourth week in May. The internships provide students with introductory professional experiences to complement their academic programs. The interns are given assignments on research and development projects under the personal guidance of NASA professional staff members. Each intern is assigned a NASA mentor who facilitates a research assignment. In addition to the research assignment, the summer program includes a strong educational component that enhances the professional stature of the participants. The educational activities include a research symposium and a variety of workshops, and lectures. An important aspect of the program is that it includes students with diverse social, cultural and economic backgrounds. The purpose of this report is to document the program accomplishments for 2004.
Heyward, Ann; Gott, Susan (Technical Monitor)
Determination of critical habitat for the endangered Nelson's bighorn sheep in southern California
USGS Publications Warehouse
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) designation of critical habitat for the endangered Nelson's bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) in the Peninsular Ranges of southern California has been controversial because of an absence of a quantitative, repeatable scientific approach to the designation of critical habitat. We used 12,411 locations of Nelson's bighorn sheep collected from 1984-1998 to evaluate habitat use within 398 km2 of the USFWS-designated critical habitat in the northern Santa Rosa Mountains, Riverside County, California. We developed a multiple logistic regression model to evaluate and predict the probability of bighorn use versus non-use of native landscapes. Habitat predictor variables included elevation, slope, ruggedness, slope aspect, proximity to water, and distance from minimum expanses of escape habitat. We used Earth Resources Data Analysis System Geographic Information System (ERDAS-GIS) software to view, retrieve, and format predictor values for input to the Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) software. To adequately account for habitat landscape diversity, we carried out an unsupervised classification at the outset of data inquiry using a maximum-likelihood clustering scheme implemented in ERDAS. We used the strata resulting from the unsupervised classification in a stratified random sampling scheme to minimize data loads required for model development. Based on 5 predictor variables, the habitat model correctly classified >96% of observed bighorn sheep locations. Proximity to perennial water was the best predictor variable. Ninety-seven percent of the observations were within 3 km of perennial water. Exercising the model over the northern Santa Rosa Mountain study area provided probabilities of bighorn use at a 30 x 30-m2 pixel level. Within the 398 km 2 of USFWS-designated critical habitat, only 34% had a graded probability of bighorn use to non-use ranging from ???1:1 to 6,044:1. The remaining 66% of the study area had odds of having bighorn use <1:1 or it was more likely not to be used by bighorn sheep. The USFWS designation of critical habitat included areas (45 km2) of importance (2.5 to ???40 observations per km2 per year) to Nelson's bighorn sheep and large landscapes (353 km2) that do not appear to be used (<1 observation per km2 per year).
Turner, J. C.; Douglas, C. L.; Hallum, C. R.; Krausman, P. R.; Ramey, R. R.
Comments on Mika's critique of Hartnett, Nelson, and Rinn's article, �gifted or ADHD? The possibilities of misdiagnosis�
The Hartnett, Nelson, and Rinn 2004 study indicates that diagnostic confusion between ADD\\/ADHD and giftedness exists, and that research on medication practices is warranted. Mika disagrees, saying that there is no empirical evidence of misdiagnosis of gifted children as having ADD\\/ADHD. We disagree with Mika's logic, and describe evidence that suggests that such misdiagnosis does occur, with possible concurrent risks.
Jean Goerss; Edward R. Amend; James T. Webb; Nadia Webb; Paul Beljan
Comments on Mika's Critique of Hartnett, Nelson, and Rinn's Article, "Gifted or ADHD? The Possibilities of Misdiagnosis"
The Hartnett, Nelson, and Rinn 2004 study indicates that diagnostic confusion between ADD/ADHD and giftedness exists, and that research on medication practices is warranted. Mika disagrees, saying that there is no empirical evidence of misdiagnosis of gifted children as having ADD/ADHD. We disagree with Mika's logic, and describe evidence that�
Goerss, Jean; Amend, Edward R.; Webb, James T.; Webb, Nadia; Beljan, Paul
The Relationship Between Nelson-Denny Test Scores and Academic Performance of Educational Opportunity Program Students. EAC Reports.
The relationship of Nelson-Denny Reading Test scores and an English course placement recommendation to academic success of Educational Opportunity Program students at the University of Washington was studied. The placement recommendation was based on a writing sample and test scores. The 207 freshmen students who entered in either 1976 or 1978�
Yamagishi, Midori; Gillmore, Gerald M.
The "Naked Truth" Isn't Very Revealing: A Response to Wade Nelson on School Reform in Minnesota.
A participant in Minnesota's standards-based reform initiative claims Wade Nelson, in his May 1998 "Kappan" article, is misinformed about teachers' exclusion from this movement. The standards constitute a minimal competence level in reading, math, and writing, were developed cooperatively, and have raised teacher expectations of students.�
Pitton, Debra Eckerman
Public Health Assessment for U.S. Titanium, Piney River, Nelson County, Virginia, Region 3. CERCLIS No. VAD980705404.
The U.S. Titanium site, a former titanium dioxide manufacturing plant, is located in Nelson County, Virginia, along the northern side of the Piney River. As a result of buried coppers as currently on-site, soils, ground water, and surface water have exhib...
Incubation and brooding rhythm of the Cape Petrel Daption capense at Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
Incubation and brooding performance of the Cape Petrel Daption cupense at Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, in the 1991-1992 austral summer is reported in detail and compared with data from two other areas. There was an inverse relationship between the mean foraging trip length and mean peak weight of chicks. Variation in shift length throughout incubation resulted from a
Accessory phase petrogenesis in relation to major phase assemblages in pelites from the Nelson contact aureole, southern British Columbia
Monazite petrogenesis in the Nelson contact aureole is the result of allanite breakdown close to, but downgrade and therefore independent of, major phase isograds involving cordierite, andalusite and staurolite. The development of garnet downgrade of the staurolite and andalusite isograds does not appear to affect the onset of the allanite-to-monazite reaction but does affect the textural development of monazite. In
Clinicopathological Correlates of Lewy Body Disease: Fundamental Issues
Lewy body pathology (LBP) is the pathological hallmark of Lewy body diseases, such as Parkinson�s disease and Lewy body dementia. Recent studies have shed new light on the role of LBP, the interactions of LBP with concomitant pathologies, and the propagation of LBP from the olfactory bulb and enteric nervous system to the central nervous system. The intrinsic difficulty with identifying clinicopathological correlates could be overcome by improving our understanding of the pathological evolution of LBP.
Ahn, Tae-Beom
Lewy body pathology in Alzheimer�s disease
Lewy bodies, the characteristic pathological lesion of substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson�s disease (PD), are frequently\\u000a observed to accompany the amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology of Alzheimer�s disease (AD). However the typical\\u000a anatomic distribution of Lewy bodies in AD is distinct from PD. The most common site of occurrence is the amygdala, where\\u000a Lewy bodies are observed in approximately
Paul T. Kotzbauer; John Q. Trojanowski; Virginia M.-Y. Lee
Performance Evaluation of a New Blood Glucose Monitor That Requires No Coding: The OneTouch� Vita� System
Background: Improvements to blood glucose monitoring systems aim to simplify the testing process, reduce or eliminate errors, and provide additional information for patients with diabetes. New systems must continue to demonstrate high-quality analytical performance. The new OneTouch� Vita� System (LifeScan, Inc., Milpitas, CA) offers a no-code testing process and proven technology found in the OneTouch� Ultra� System. Comparative studies were
Joanna K. Young; John M. Ellison; Robert Marshall
A Lewis(y) epitope mimicking peptide induces anti-Lewis(y) immune responses in rabbits and mice.
Lewis(y) carbohydrate antigens are abundant on the surface of many carcinomas. Mab B3 directed against this carbohydrate antigen has been used to make an immunotoxin that is very cytotoxic to cancer cells expressing the Lewis(y) antigen. Mab B3 was also used to screen a phage-displayed peptide library and identified a peptide mimicking the Lewis(y) epitope. In this report, we demonstrate that the Lewis(y) epitope-mimicking peptide induces anti-Lewis(y)immune responses in both rabbits and mice. In addition, Lewis(y) antigens induce anti-peptide immune responses. These results indicate that carbohydrate-mimicking peptides provide a novel strategy to elicit immune responses for tumor-associated carbohydrates. PMID:10231713
Lou, Q; Pastan, I
NASA Lewis Research Center photovoltaic application experiments
The NASA Lewis Research Center has installed 16 geographically dispersed terrestrial photovoltaic systems as part of the DOE National Photovoltaic Program. Four additional experiments are in progress. Currently, operating systems are powering refrigerators, a highway warning sign, forest lookout towers, remote weather stations, a water chiller and insect survey traps. Experiments in progress include the world's first village power system, an air pollution monitor and seismic sensors. Under a separate activity, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development, a PV-powered water pump and grain grinder is being prepared for an African village. System descriptions and status are included in this report.
Ratajczak, A.; Bifano, W.; Martz, J.; Odonnell, P.
Global Warming and Lewis and Clark College
This website describes the actions undertaken by students at Lewis and Clark College to comply with the greenhouse gas emissions targets called for in the Kyoto Protocol. The effort was student-driven, and will cost approximately $10 per student. This achievement is the result of a three-year student campaign involving greenhouse gas inventories, student polls demonstrating overwhelming support, emissions reductions on campus, and the use of student fees to purchase "offsets" from the Climate Trust, a Portland nonprofit. The site provides links to articles by the students who spearheaded the movement, as well as more in-depth coverage of their efforts.
College, Lewis A.
[Treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies].
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is known for its partial resistance and hypersensitivity to some treatments, but DLB is treatable with cholinesterase inhibitors, sometimes better than in Alzheimer's disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors have a symptomatic effect on cognition and behavior. Nevertheless, new antipsychotics are sometimes also useful to manage psychotic symptoms. Although DLB patients respond less well to levodopa than patients with Parkinson's disease, 75 percent of DLB patients improve with levodopa, which is the best-tolerated dopaminergic agent. Nonpharmacological strategies include speech therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and educational support groups for care givers. PMID:16446631
Lebert, F; Le Rhun, E
NASA Lewis Research Center Futuring Workshop
On October 21 and 22, 1986, the Futures Group ran a two-day Futuring Workshop on the premises of NASA Lewis Research Center. The workshop had four main goals: to acquaint participants with the general history of technology forecasting; to familiarize participants with the range of forecasting methodologies; to acquaint participants with the range of applicability, strengths, and limitations of each method; and to offer participants some hands-on experience by working through both judgmental and quantitative case studies. Among the topics addressed during this workshop were: information sources; judgmental techniques; quantitative techniques; merger of judgment with quantitative measurement; data collection methods; and dealing with uncertainty.
Boroush, Mark; Stover, John; Thomas, Charles
A Biography of Distinguished Scientist Gilbert Newton Lewis (by Edward S. Lewis)
The Edward Mellen Press: Lewiston, NY, 1998. 114 pp + index. ISBN 0-7734-8284-9. $69.95. There may not be a surname better known to students of chemistry than Lewis, from the Lewis electron-dot diagrams and the Lewis theory of acids and bases. More advanced students may know of the groundbreaking textbook Thermodynamics, by Lewis and Randall. Yet few Americans know much about this remarkable U.S.-born scholar, whose contributions equal those of the greatest scientists. He is a chemist-educator of whom we should be as proud and as well informed as we are of Linus Pauling, who was part of the westward movement of science in this country that G. N. Lewis began, or of the recently deceased Glenn Seaborg, who was one of the many students of Lewis who achieved renown. Gilbert N. Lewis was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts, in 1875, but his family moved to near Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1884. He spent two years at the University of Nebraska, but then moved to Harvard when his father became an executive at Merchants Trust Company in Boston. Young Lewis (then only 17) was also said to have been disappointed with the quality of education in Nebraska, and this may have been part of the impetus for the family's move east. After earning his baccalaureate at Harvard, he taught for a year at Phillips Andover Academy before returning to Harvard to study for his doctorate, which he completed 100 years ago, in 1899, under T. W. Richards. Lewis's doctoral work was on the thermodynamics of zinc and cadmium amalgams. At that time, physical chemistry was only beginning to achieve recognition as a branch of science, and its boundaries were ill defined. Edward Lewis quotes his father as often saying, "Physical chemistry is anything interesting." Like many chemists of his time, Lewis went to Europe to complete his preparation for a career; he was in the laboratories of Ostwald in Leipzig and Nernst in G�ttingen in 1900-1901. On his return to the United States, he was an instructor at Harvard until 1904, when he accepted a position that would not be considered a shrewd career move: Superintendent of Weights and Measures in Manila, Philippines! He was there only one year, but it was apparently a productive time, both in a minimally equipped laboratory and with the possible nascence of some of his ideas about bonding. In 1905, Lewis accepted a staff position at MIT, under A. A. Noyes, where he remained until 1912. At MIT, he continued his experimental work on thermodynamic systems and the development of modern thermodynamics, following the lead of J. W. Gibbs, whose work was being largely ignored by other chemists. As Noyes moved increasingly into administrative responsibilities, Lewis took over more and more of the supervision of scientific work in the laboratory. It was the capable job that he did for Noyes that led to his being offered a Professorship and Chair of the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. The same spirit of adventure that took Lewis to Manila may be what led to his moving to scientifically backward California. In 1912, there was no serious science going on the Left Coast, and Berkeley was isolated from the nearest civilization (Chicago) by days of travel. Lewis initiated the expansion of great science westward, not only to Berkeley, but also to Caltech (in those days Throop Institute), UCLA, and Stanford. By dint of his contributions to thermodynamics and bonding theory (suggesting that electrons bond in pairs, long before there was quantum mechanical justification for such a strange idea), and his organizational and leadership talents, he turned the Berkeley Chemistry Department from a nonentity into one of the finest anywhere. Later in his career, he contributed to the understanding of the role of isotopes in chemistry and physics. This biography includes a useful listing of Lewis's 168 scientific publications. In an age when many renowned scientists have multiples of this number, it is perhaps good to be reminded that quality counts, too. His story deserves much greater recognition (he should ha
Harris, Reviewed By Harold H.
Visual hallucinations in Lewy body disease relate to Lewy bodies in the temporal lobe
Summary Consensus opinion characterizes dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) as a progressive dementing illness, with significant fluctuations in cognition, visual hallucinations and\\/or parkinsonism. When parkinsonism is an early dominant feature, consensus opinion recommends that dementia within the first year is necessary for a diagno- sis of DLB. If dementia occurs later, a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) is
A. J. Harding; G. A. Broe; G. M. Halliday
Lewis & Clark: The National Bicentennial Exhibition
Beginning in January 2004, the Lewis & Clark National Bicentennial Exhibition was set on display in St. Louis to commemorate this rather pivotal event in American history -- the first transcontinental journey across North America. This complementary online exhibition is designed to let people follow in the footsteps of the expedition, and in the words of the introduction, "to meet people different from us in mind and time, and to learn to know them." The exhibit's materials can be accessed in a number of ways, including by theme, through following the trail with an interactive map, or by searching or browsing a gallery of the many pieces of visual and historical ephemera digitally archived here. Using the interactive map is wholly engrossing, as each site allows users to toggle the historic map of the journey with a contemporary map, listen to various sounds associated with each place, and in a few instances, listen to readings from the words of various persons on the expedition. In the themes area, visitors can browse through such topically arranged pieces on Discovering of Diplomacy, A World of Women, and Trade and Property. Finally, there is the collection of over 350 artifacts available for online viewing, including Meriwether Lewis's watch and the will of William Clark.
Minimally invasive and robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignancy and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Esophagectomy provides a curative treatment but carries significant morbidity and mortality. Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (ILE) is one of the most commonly employed open techniques of esophagectomy. Minimally invasive approaches have been explored in ILE in an effort to reduce operative morbidity. This article reviews recent literature of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MI-ILE), discusses its clinical outcomes, and introduces the robotic approach in MI-ILE. MI-ILE has demonstrated comparable postoperative outcomes to open ILE, and it has shown potential to reduce blood loss and length of hospitalization. Due to limited studies, no significant improvement of long-term survival has been reported in MI-ILE. Robotic ILE is safe and feasible, but more studies are needed to prove identifiable benefits. Randomized controlled trials comparing MI-ILE or robotic ILE with conventional open ILE are warranted to determine the optimal surgical procedure for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Huang, Lingling
Presenile dementia with Alzheimer, Pick and Lewy-body changes
An autopsy case of unclassifiable presenile dementia is reported. The outstanding pathological findings were as follows;1.presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary changes, Pick bodies, Hirano bodies, granulovacuolar degeneration of neurons, etc.2.numerous Lewy bodies in the brain stem and diencephalon,3.peculiar swollen neurons with intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic and argentophilic inclusions (�Lewy-like-bodies�) in the cerebral cortices.
Kenji Kosaka; Shinsaku Oyanagi; Masaaki Matsushita; Akira Hori; Shoji Iwase
Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): A Review of its Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Clinical Properties
Arbor vitae (Thuja occidentalis L.) is a native European tree widely used in homeopathy and evidence-based phytotherapy. Many reviews and monographs have been published on the herbal substance's description, mode of action and clinical use. However, no comprehensive evidence-based review is available. Therefore, our aim was to search MEDLINE databases and survey manufacturers for further details or unpublished data. This review presents the botany, ethnobotany and phytochemistry, especially the different contents of essential oil (Thujone) in relation to different extraction procedures of this medicinal plant. Thuja's antiviral action and immunopharmacological potential, such as stimulatory and co-stimulatory effects on cytokine and antibody production and activation of macrophages and other immunocompetent cells, have been evaluated in numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations. Although no controlled trials have been conducted on Thuja occ alone, many clinical studies have been performed with a herbal medicinal product containing a special extract of Thuja occ and other immunostimulants, demonstrating its therapeutic efficacy and safety in respiratory tract infections.
Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): A Review of its Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Clinical Properties.
Arbor vitae (Thuja occidentalis L.) is a native European tree widely used in homeopathy and evidence-based phytotherapy. Many reviews and monographs have been published on the herbal substance's description, mode of action and clinical use. However, no comprehensive evidence-based review is available. Therefore, our aim was to search MEDLINE databases and survey manufacturers for further details or unpublished data. This review presents the botany, ethnobotany and phytochemistry, especially the different contents of essential oil (Thujone) in relation to different extraction procedures of this medicinal plant. Thuja's antiviral action and immunopharmacological potential, such as stimulatory and co-stimulatory effects on cytokine and antibody production and activation of macrophages and other immunocompetent cells, have been evaluated in numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations. Although no controlled trials have been conducted on Thuja occ alone, many clinical studies have been performed with a herbal medicinal product containing a special extract of Thuja occ and other immunostimulants, demonstrating its therapeutic efficacy and safety in respiratory tract infections. PMID:15841280
Naser, Belal; Bodinet, Cornelia; Tegtmeier, Martin; Lindequist, Ulrike
The diet of the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at Harmony Point, Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands
The diet of non-breeding male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was investigated at Harmony Point, Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands, by the analysis of 18 and 33 scats collected during\\u000a February 1996 and 1997 respectively. Overall, fish were the most frequent prey (74.5%) and predominated by mass (54.4%), whereas\\u000a krill predominated by number (94.2%). This coincides well with the pattern
R. Casaux; A. Baroni; A. Carlini
Superconducting Microwave Electronics at Lewis Research Center
Over the last three years, NASA Lewis Research Center has investigated the application of newly discovered high temperature superconductors to microwave electronics. Using thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3Ox deposited on a variety of substrates, including strontium titanate, lanthanum gallate, lanthanum aluminate and magnesium oxide, a number of microwave circuits have been fabricated and evaluated. These include a cavity resonator at 60 GHz, microstrip resonators at 35 GHz, a superconducting antenna array at 35 GHz, a dielectric resonator at 9 GHz, and a microstrip filter at 5 GHz. Performance of some of these circuits as well as suggestions for other applications are reported.
Warner, Joseph D.; Bhasin, Kul B.; Leonard, Regis F.
A personal experience in the presence of a man who transformed a nation and changed the world: Nelson Mandela.
At this time in history, I consider myself very privileged to have spent some three hours in the presence of President Nelson Mandela as a Howard University faculty member in the late 1990s. Then, President of Howard University, H. Patrick Swygert bestowed upon President Nelson Mandela, Esquire an Honorary Doctorate of Human Letters. I can only equate this experience to my four mile walk up the Bedaling Wall (Great Wall) in China (a magnificent ancient wonder of the world), and trying to relate this event to something only fortunate souls have had the chance to enjoy. I also treasure the once in a lifetime visit to the Republic of South Africa in 1998 when the Association of Black Nursing Faculty, Inc., Chi Eta Phi Nursing Sorority, Inc., and the Department of Nursing (University of Botswana) sponsored the trip as an attempt to establish partnerships, share common interests and discussion in how to meet health needs of emerging majority and disadvantaged populations in the world, including mainly, the continent of Africa, in the 21st century. This short memoir can only piggy-back the massive coverage in the media that began almost instantly as a long anticipated event (death of Nelson Mandela), but startled upon its occurrence. PMID:24660317
Brown, Geraldine
Reactivity of Lewis basic platinum complexes towards fluoroboranes.
We herein report detailed investigations into the interaction of Lewis acidic fluoroboranes, for example BF2Pf (Pf=perfluorophenyl) and BF2Ar(F) (Ar(F)=3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), with Lewis basic platinum complexes such as [Pt(PEt3)3] and [Pt(PCy3)2] (Cy=cyclohexyl). Two presumed Lewis adducts could be identified in solution and corresponding secondary products of these Lewis adducts were characterized in the solid state. Furthermore, the concept of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) was applied to the activation of ethene in the system [Pt(BPf3)(CH2CH2)(dcpp)] (dcpp=1,3-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)propane; Pf=perfluorophenyl). Finally, DFT calculations were performed to determine the interaction between the platinum-centered Lewis bases and the boron-centered Lewis acids. Additionally, several possible mechanisms for the oxidative addition of the boranes BF3, BCl3, and BF2Ar(F) to the model complex [Pt(PMe3)2] are presented. PMID:23677702
Bauer, J�rgen; Braunschweig, Holger; Dewhurst, Rian D; Radacki, Krzysztof
Lewis Acid-Base, Molecular Modeling, and Isotopic Labeling in a Sophomore Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
An experiment to prepare a deuterium labeled adduct of a Lewis acid and Lewis base, to use computational methods allowing students to visualize the LUMO of Lewis acids, the HOMO of Lewis bases and the molecular orbitals of the adduct that is formed is developed. This allows students to see the interplay between calculated and experimental results.
Nataro, Chip; Ferguson, Michelle A.; Bocage, Katherine M.; Hess, Brian J.; Ross, Vincent J.; Swarr, Daniel T.
The Lewis-Weber Site: A Tucson Homestead.
The Lewis-Weber homestead, Tucson, Arizona, was first occupied in 1882. This report describes the results of archival and ethnohistoric research and extensive excavations conducted on the site in 1978 by the National Park Service. It attempts to document ...
N. Hamblin C. Szuter B. B. Huckell S. Danziger N. T. Curriden
Distance Learning With NASA Lewis Research Center's Learning Technologies Project
The NASA Lewis Research Center's Learning Technologies Project (LTP) has responded to requests from local school district technology coordinators to provide content for videoconferencing workshops. Over the past year we have offered three teacher professional development workshops that showcase NASA Lewis-developed educational products and NASA educational Internet sites. In order to determine the direction of our involvement with distance learning, the LTP staff conducted a survey of 500 U.S. schools. We received responses from 72 schools that either currently use distance learning or will be using distance learning in 98-99 school year. The results of the survey are summarized in the article. In addition, the article provides information on distance learners, distance learning technologies, and the NASA Lewis LTP videoconferencing workshops. The LTP staff will continue to offer teacher development workshops through videoconferencing during the 98-99 school year. We hope to add workshops on new educational products as they are developed at NASA Lewis.
Petersen, Ruth
Computational fluid dynamics at the Lewis Research Center: An overview
Lewis is a multidisciplinary Center with strong research and development programs in aeronautical and space propulsion, power, space communications, space experiments and materials. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is playing an important and growing role in most of these areas. Described here is how CFD is integrated into these programs and highlights elements of the CFD activities. Examples are presented of codes developed to predict flow fields in advanced propulsion systems and several of the code validation experiments are described. The CFD effort at Lewis ranges from basic research on new and improved algorithms through code development to the application of these codes to specific engineering problems. Because of the substantial improvement in CFD's predictive capability, its use at Lewis is on a steep growth path, spreading rapidly into new areas which had not traditionally taken advantage of the techniques of numerical simulation. Multidisciplinary codes and the future direction of CFD at Lewis are discussed.
Stubbs, Robert M.
Computational Fluid Dynamics at the Lewis Research Center: An Overview.
Lewis is a multidisciplinary Center with strong research and development programs in aeronautical and space propulsion, power, space communications, space experiments and materials. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is playing an important and growing ro...
R. M. Stubbs
FEATURE B. MACHINE GUN POSITION WITH LEWIS MOUNT, VIEW FACING NORTHWEST. - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Battery-Machine Gun Positions, South of Point Cruz Road & west of Coral Sea Road, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI
FEATURE B. MACHINE GUN POSITION WITH LEWIS MOUNT, VIEW FACING NORTHWEST (with scale stick). - Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Battery-Machine Gun Positions, South of Point Cruz Road & west of Coral Sea Road, Ewa, Honolulu County, HI
Wyndham Lewis's Art Criticism in The Listener, 1946-1951
Wyndham Lewis was an important and influential British artist in the twentieth century, and he was also well known for his art criticism and fiction. This digital collection sponsored by the Arts & Humanities Research Council brings together his art criticism from The Listener magazine between 1946 and 1951. The project was directed by the University of Plymouth and the University of La Rioja, and it also contains selected essays by Jan Cox on Lewis's criticism and a detailed introductory essay by Alan Munton. Visitors can click on "The Articles" area to read Lewis's writings and also use the "Artists Referred to in Articles and Letters" heading to look for Lewis's references to Salvador Dali, Francis Bacon, and Henri Matisse. Any visitors with an interest in art history and criticism will find much to admire and enjoy at this site.
Alcohol consumption, Lewis phenotypes, and risk of ischemic heart disease
The authors have previously found an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in men with the Lewis phenotype Le(a[minus]b[minus]) and suggested that the Lewis blood group has a close genetic relation with insulin resistance. The authors have investigated whether any conventional risk factors explain the increased risk in Le(a[minus]b[minus]) men. 3,383 men aged 53-75 years were examined in 1985-86,
H. O. Hein; P. Suadicani; F. Gyntelberg; H. Sorenson
New hypersonic facility capability at NASA Lewis Research Center
Four facility activities are underway at NASA Lewis Research Center to develop new hypersonic propulsion test capability. Two of these efforts consist of upgrades to existing operational facilities. The other two activities will reactivate facilities that have been in a standby condition for over 15 years. These four activities are discussed and the new test facilities NASA Lewis will have in place to support evolving high speed research programs are described.
Haas, Jeffrey E.; Chamberlin, Roger; Dicus, John H.
Helicopter transmission research at NASA Lewis Research Center
A joint helicopter transmission research program between NASA Lewis Research Center and the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command has existed since 1970. Program goals are to reduce weight and noise and to increase life and reliability. Reviewed are significant advances in technology for gears and transmissions and the experimental facilities at NASA Lewis for helicopter transmission testing are described. A description of each of the rigs is presented along with some significant results from the experiments.
Coy, John J.; Townsend, Dennis P.; Lewicki, David G.; Coe, Harold H.
Lewis Research Center R and D Facilities
The NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) defines and develops advanced technology for high priority national needs. The work of the Center is directed toward new propulsion, power, and communications technologies for application to aeronautics and space, so that U.S. leadership in these areas is ensured. The end product is knowledge, usually in a report, that is made fully available to potential users--the aircraft engine industry, the energy industry, the automotive industry, the space industry, and other NASA centers. In addition to offices and laboratories for almost every kind of physical research in such fields as fluid mechanics, physics, materials, fuels, combustion, thermodynamics, lubrication, heat transfer, and electronics, LeRC has a variety of engineering test cells for experiments with components such as compressors, pumps, conductors, turbines, nozzles, and controls. A number of large facilities can simulate the operating environment for a complete system: altitude chambers for aircraft engines; large supersonic wind tunnels for advanced airframes and propulsion systems; space simulation chambers for electric rockets or spacecraft; and a 420-foot-deep zero-gravity facility for microgravity experiments. Some problems are amenable to detection and solution only in the complete system and at essentially full scale. By combining basic research in pertinent disciplines and generic technologies with applied research on components and complete systems, LeRC has become one of the most productive centers in its field in the world. This brochure describes a number of the facilities that provide LeRC with its exceptional capabilities.
ISDN at NASA Lewis Research Center
An expository investigation of the potential impact of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) at NASA Lewis Research Center is described. To properly frame the subject, the paper contains a detailed survey of the components of Narrowband ISDN. The principles and objectives are presented as decreed by the Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT). The various channel types are delineated and their associated service combinations are described. The subscriber-access network functions are explained pictorially via the ISDN reference configuration. A section on switching techniques is presented to enable the reader to understand the emergence of the concept of fast packet switching. This new technology is designed to operate over the high bandwidth, low error rate transmission media that characterizes the LeRC environment. A brief introduction to the next generation of networks is covered with sections on Broadband ISDM (B-ISDN), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET). Applications at LeRC are presented, first in terms of targets of opportunity, then in light of compatibility constraints. In-place pilot projects and testing are described that demonstrate actual usage at LeRC.
Bakes, Catherine Murphy; Goldberg, Fredric; Eubanks, Steven W.
[Depression in dementia with Lewy bodies].
Depression is a risk factor for dementia in general, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), its premorbid signs are commonly observed, and the morbidity of depression is higher in dementia patients. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is considered to have an even higher depression prevalence and premorbid depression rate than other dementias such as AD. This led to depression being listed as a supportive feature in the 2005 criteria for the clinical diagnosis of DLB. However, studies investigating the difference in depression between AD and DLB failed to show consistent results. We examined the Geriatric Depression Scale score, which is designed specifically to rate depression in the elderly, for DLB and AD patients. The scores for DLB patients were twice as high as those for AD patients. There was no correlation between the GDS score and age, sex, or Mini-Mental Sate Examination scores. Depression-specific symptoms were more frequent in the DLB group than non-specific symptoms, while less than one third of DLB patients with very high GDS scores were diagnosed with depression or prescribed antidepressants for depressive symptoms. Other researchers reported that depression of DLB was associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms other than major depression, and suggested that depression of DLB might be a part of psychiatric syndrome. There has been no systematic study on the validity or risk of pharmacological therapy, as well as the necessity of intervention, for depression or a high GDS score in DLB. Therefore, intervention must rely on the clinical decision of each doctor. In spite of the paucity of current findings, studies on depression of DLB may play a key role in the elucidation of its neuropathology and psychopathology and offer a new view point on understanding depression itself. PMID:24450145
Sakai, Kazuo; Yamane, Yumiko; Yamamoto, Yasuji; Maeda, Kiyoshi
Capgras syndrome in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Background Capgras syndrome is characterized by the recurrent, transient belief that a person has been replaced by an identical imposter. We reviewed clinical characteristics of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) patients with Capgras syndrome compared to those without Capgras. Methods We identified 55 consecutive DLB patients (11 cases with Capgras syndrome (DLB-C) and 44 cases without evidence of Capgras (DLB). Semi-structured interviews with the patient and an informant, neurological exams, and neuropsychological testing were performed. Caregivers were assessed for caregiver burden and depression. Primary comparisons were made between DLB-C and DLB. Exploratory analyses using stepwise logistic regression and bootstrap analyses were performed to determine clinical features associated with Capgras. Results DLB-C patients experienced more visual hallucinations and self-reported anxiety, had higher scores on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and were less likely to be treated with cholinesterase inhibitors at time of initial evaluation. Extrapyramidal symptoms and depression were not associated with Capgras. Caregivers of DLB-C patients had higher caregiver burden. DLB-C was associated with self-reported anxiety (OR 10.9; 95% CI 2.6-47.6). In a bootstrap analysis, clinical findings that were predictors of Capgras included visual hallucinations (log(OR) 18.3; 95% CI 17.9-19.3) and anxiety (log(OR) 2.9; 95% CI (0.31-20.2). Conclusions Our study suggests that Capgras syndrome is common in DLB and usually occurs in the presence of anxiety and visual hallucinations, suggesting related etiopathogenesis. Early appreciation of Capgras syndrome may afford the opportunity to alleviate caregiver burden and improve patient and caregiver outcomes.
Thaipisutikul, Papan; Lobach, Iryna; Zweig, Yael; Gurnani, Ashita; Galvin, James E.
Pareidolias: complex visual illusions in dementia with Lewy bodies.
Patients rarely experience visual hallucinations while being observed by clinicians. Therefore, instruments to detect visual hallucinations directly from patients are needed. Pareidolias, which are complex visual illusions involving ambiguous forms that are perceived as meaningful objects, are analogous to visual hallucinations and have the potential to be a surrogate indicator of visual hallucinations. In this study, we explored the clinical utility of a newly developed instrument for evoking pareidolic illusions, the Pareidolia test, in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies-one of the most common causes of visual hallucinations in the elderly. Thirty-four patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, 34 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 26 healthy controls were given the Pareidolia test. Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies produced a much greater number of pareidolic illusions compared with those with Alzheimer's disease or controls. A receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the number of pareidolias differentiated dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%. Full-length figures and faces of people and animals accounted for >80% of the contents of pareidolias. Pareidolias were observed in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies who had visual hallucinations as well as those who did not have visual hallucinations, suggesting that pareidolias do not reflect visual hallucinations themselves but may reflect susceptibility to visual hallucinations. A sub-analysis of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies who were or were not treated with donepzil demonstrated that the numbers of pareidolias were correlated with visuoperceptual abilities in the former and with indices of hallucinations and delusional misidentifications in the latter. Arousal and attentional deficits mediated by abnormal cholinergic mechanisms and visuoperceptual dysfunctions are likely to contribute to the development of visual hallucinations and pareidolias in dementia with Lewy bodies. PMID:22649179
Uchiyama, Makoto; Nishio, Yoshiyuki; Yokoi, Kayoko; Hirayama, Kazumi; Imamura, Toru; Shimomura, Tatsuo; Mori, Etsuro
Pareidolias: complex visual illusions in dementia with Lewy bodies
Patients rarely experience visual hallucinations while being observed by clinicians. Therefore, instruments to detect visual hallucinations directly from patients are needed. Pareidolias, which are complex visual illusions involving ambiguous forms that are perceived as meaningful objects, are analogous to visual hallucinations and have the potential to be a surrogate indicator of visual hallucinations. In this study, we explored the clinical utility of a newly developed instrument for evoking pareidolic illusions, the Pareidolia test, in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies�one of the most common causes of visual hallucinations in the elderly. Thirty-four patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, 34 patients with Alzheimer�s disease and 26 healthy controls were given the Pareidolia test. Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies produced a much greater number of pareidolic illusions compared with those with Alzheimer�s disease or controls. A receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the number of pareidolias differentiated dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer�s disease with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%. Full-length figures and faces of people and animals accounted for >80% of the contents of pareidolias. Pareidolias were observed in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies who had visual hallucinations as well as those who did not have visual hallucinations, suggesting that pareidolias do not reflect visual hallucinations themselves but may reflect susceptibility to visual hallucinations. A sub-analysis of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies who were or were not treated with donepzil demonstrated that the numbers of pareidolias were correlated with visuoperceptual abilities in the former and with indices of hallucinations and delusional misidentifications in the latter. Arousal and attentional deficits mediated by abnormal cholinergic mechanisms and visuoperceptual dysfunctions are likely to contribute to the development of visual hallucinations and pareidolias in dementia with Lewy bodies.
Uchiyama, Makoto; Yokoi, Kayoko; Hirayama, Kazumi; Imamura, Toru; Shimomura, Tatsuo; Mori, Etsuro
Amyloid imaging of Lewy body-associated disorders
Background Clinicopathologic studies of Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) commonly reveal abnormal ?-amyloid deposition in addition to diffuse Lewy bodies (?-synuclein aggregates), but the relationship among these neuropathologic features and the development of dementia in these disorders remains uncertain. Objective To determine whether amyloid-?deposition detected by PET imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) distinguishes clinical subtypes of Lewy body-associated disorders. Methods Nine healthy controls (HC), eight PD with no cognitive impairment (PD-noCI), nine PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), six dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and fifteen PD with dementia (PDD) patients underwent [11C]-PIB PET imaging, clinical examination, and cognitive testing. The binding potential (BP) of PIB for predefined regions and the mean cortical BP (MCBP) were calculated for each participant. Annual longitudinal follow-up and postmortem examinations were performed on a subset of participants. Results Regional PIB BPs and the proportion of individuals with abnormally elevated MCBP were not significantly different across participant groups. Elevated PIB binding was associated with worse global cognitive impairment in participants with Lewy body disorders but was not associated with any other clinical or neuropsychological features, including earlier onset or faster rate of progression of cognitive impairment. Conclusions These results suggest that the presence of fibrillar amyloid-?does not distinguish between clinical subtypes of Lewy body-associated disorders, although larger numbers are needed to more definitively rule out this association. Amyloid-?may modify the severity of global cognitive impairment in individuals with Lewy body-associated dementia.
Foster, E.R.; Campbell, M.C.; Burack, M.A.; Hartlein, J.; Flores, H.P.; Cairns, N.J.; Hershey, T.; Perlmutter, J.S.
On the mechanism of hydrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs.
We report herein a comprehensive theoretical study of the thermodynamics and kinetics of molecular hydrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). A series of intermolecularly combined boranes (Lewis acids) and phosphines (Lewis bases), with experimentally established different reactivities towards H2, have been subjected to DFT and (SCS-)MP2 calculations, and analyzed in terms of their structural properties, the energetics of association of the FLPs, and the kinetics of their interactions with H2 and hydrogenation to the ion-pair products. The analysis included the following steps: 1) assessment of the ability/inability of the Lewis species to preorganize into FLPs with an optimum arrangement of the acid and base sites for preconditioning the reaction with H2 , 2) comprehension of the different thermodynamics of hydrogenation of the selected FLPs by comparing the Gibbs energies of the overall reactions, and 3) estimation of the mechanism of the activation of H2 by identifying the reaction steps and the associated kinetic barriers. The results of our studies correlate well with experimental findings and have clarified the reasons for the observed different reactivities of the investigated systems, ranging from reversible or nonreversible activation to no reaction with H2. The derived predictions could assist the future design of Lewis acid-base systems with desired properties and applicability as metal-free hydrogenation catalysts. PMID:24318267
Zeonjuk, Lei Liu; Vankova, Nina; Mavrandonakis, Andreas; Heine, Thomas; R�schenthaler, Gerd-Volker; Eicher, Johannes
The spectrum of cognitive impairment in Lewy body diseases.
Cognitive impairment represents an important and often defining component of the clinical syndromes of Lewy body disorders: Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The spectrum of cognitive deficits in these Lewy body diseases encompasses a broad range of clinical features, severity of impairment, and timing of presentation. It is now recognized that cognitive dysfunction occurs not only in more advanced Parkinson's disease but also in early, untreated patients and even in those patients with pre-motor syndromes, such as rapid eye movement behavior disorder and hyposmia. In recent years, the concept of mild cognitive impairment as a transitional or pre-dementia state in Parkinson's disease has emerged. This has led to much research regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and underlying neurobiology of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, but has also raised questions regarding the usefulness of this concept and its application in clinical and research settings. In addition, the conundrum of whether Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies represent the same or different entities remains unresolved. Although these disorders overlap in many aspects of their presentations and pathophysiology, they differ in other elements, such as timing of cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms; medication responses; and neuropathological contributions. This article examines the spectrum and evolution of cognitive impairment in Lewy body disorders and debates these controversial issues in the field using point-counterpoint approaches. PMID:24757110
Goldman, Jennifer G; Williams-Gray, Caroline; Barker, Roger A; Duda, John E; Galvin, James E
Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Online
The experiences of Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and their companions as they moved through the American West continue to fascinate almost 200 years after they were recorded during their three-year expedition. A number of scholars have marveled at the experiences of these individuals including the legendary historian Bernard De Voto and also the late Stephen Ambrose. This remarkable website produced at the University of Nebraska was begun in 2003 and currently contains several thousands pages of the explorers' journals as edited by Professor Gary E. Moulton. The project is sponsored by a host of organizations, including the Center for Great Plains Studies, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University of Nebraska Press. Along with searching, browsing, and reading the journals, visitors must be sure to take a look at the superb extra features offered here, including several nice essays such as "Lewis and Clark as Plains Ethnographers" and "Lewis and Clark on the Great Plains: A Natural History."
Helicopter transmission testing at NASA Lewis Research Center
The helicopter has evolved into a highly valuable air mobile vehicle for both military and civilian needs. The helicopter transmission requires advanced studies to develop a technology base for future rotorcraft advances. A joint helicopter transmission research program between the NASA Lewis Research Center and the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command has existed since 1970. Program goals are to reduce weight and noise and to increase life and reliability. The current experimental activities at Lewis consist of full-scale helicopter transmission testing, a base effort in gearing technology, and a future effort in noise reduction technology. The experimental facilities at Lewis for helicopter transmission testing are described. A description of each of the rigs is presented along with some significant results and near-term plans.
Lewicki, David G.; Coy, John J.
Effects of non-unity Lewis numbers in diffusion flames
The purpose of this work is to carry out direct numerical simulations of diffusion controlled combustion with non-unity Lewis numbers for the reactants and products, thus accounting for the differential diffusion effects of the temperature and concentration fields. We use a formulation based on combining the conservation equations in a way to eliminate the reaction terms similar to the method used by Burke and Schumann (1928) for unity Lewis numbers. We present calculations for an axisymmetric fuel jet and for a planar, time evolving mixing layer, leaving out the effects of thermal expansion and variations of the transport coefficients due to the heat release. Our results show that the front of the flame shifts toward the fuel or oxygen sides owing to the effect of the differential diffusion and that the location of maximum temperature may not coincide with the flame. The dependence of the distribution of the reaction products on their Lewis number has been investigated.
Linan, A.; Orlandi, P.; Verzicco, R.; Higuera, F. J.
Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of America
A premiere exhibition that focuses on western exploration, Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of America is scheduled to open at the Library of Congress in July 2003. For the Internet community, the Library of Congress has provided an online exhibit featuring some of the artifacts that will showcase at the actual exhibition, along with background information on each piece. A few of the artifacts users will encounter on this site include a 1785 map of western North America drawn by Peter Pond, Thomas Jefferson's "Cipher for the Lewis & Clark expedition," Clark's compass and case, his drawings of Indian canoes, and Lewis & Clark's track map. Although a brief overview, this site is great for those wanting a sneak preview of the actual exhibit, and may spark enough interest to inspire some to attend the exhibition next year.
Statement of Facts for 1975 City-Wide Mock Trial Competitions. Georgia Floyd, Individually and as Parent and Next Friend of Minor, Nelson Floyd v. Fix-It Home Remodeling, Inc. and Sam Baldwin.
Prepared by the District of Columbia Street Law Project for its annual city-wide mock trial competition, this instructional handout provides material for a civil trial over a claim for damages. During an argument, a friend pushed Nelson Floyd against the railing of a porch. Falling onto the concrete below, Nelson was injured with a broken shin�
National Inst. for Citizen Education in the Law, Washington, DC.
Summary of Research Report Lewis Incubator for Technology
This report summarizes the work done to establish and operate the Lewis Incubator for Technology (LIFT) for the period July 1996 through September 2000. The Lewis Incubator helps the startup and growth of technology-based businesses with the potential to incorporate technology from the NASA Glenn Research Center. During the grant period, LIFT began operation, met or exceeded all key performance measures, and continues its operation through a new cooperative agreement with NASA Glenn and also through continued funding from the State of Ohio.
Zeman, Wayne P.
Utilization of NASA Lewis mobile terminals for the Hermes satellite
The high power of the Hermes satellite enables two-way television and voice communication with small ground terminals. The Portable Earth Terminal (PET) and the Transportable Earth Terminal (TET) were developed and built by NASA-Lewis to provide communications capability to short-term users. The NASA-Lewis mobile terminals are described in terms of vehicles and onboard equipment, as well as operation aspects, including use in the field. The section on demonstrations divides the uses into categories of medicine, education, technology and government. Applications of special interest within each category are briefly described.
Edelman, E. A.; Fiala, J. L.; Rizzolla, L.
National space test centers - Lewis Research Center Facilities
The Lewis Research Center, NASA, presently has a number of test facilities that constitute a significant national space test resource. It is expected this capability will continue to find wide application in work involving this country's future in space. Testing from basic research to applied technology, to systems development, to ground support will be performed, supporting such activities as Space Station Freedom, the Space Exploration Initiative, Mission to Planet Earth, and many others. The major space test facilities at both Cleveland and Lewis' Plum Brook Station are described. Primary emphasis is on space propulsion facilities; other facilities of importance in space power and microgravity are also included.
Roskilly, Ronald R.
Gear and Transmission Research at NASA Lewis Research Center
This paper is a review of some of the research work of the NASA Lewis Research Center Mechanical Components Branch. It includes a brief review of the NASA Lewis Research Center and the Mechanical Components Branch. The research topics discussed are crack propagation of gear teeth, gear noise of spiral bevel and other gears, design optimization methods, methods we have investigated for transmission diagnostics, the analytical and experimental study of gear thermal conditions, the analytical and experimental study of split torque systems, the evaluation of several new advanced gear steels and transmission lubricants and the evaluation of various aircraft transmissions. The area of research needs for gearing and transmissions is also discussed.
Townsend, Dennis P.
Overview of Free-Piston Stirling Technology at the NASA Lewis Research Center.
An overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center (Lewis) free-piston Stirling engine activities is presented. These activities include: (1) a generic free-piston Stirling technology project being conducted to d...
J. G. Slaby
Macrocycles Containing Tin. Ditopic, Tricyclic, Lewis Acidic Hosts with Four Binding Sites.
A new class of Lewis acidic hosts is described. The hosts are macrotricyclic species containing four tin atoms that serve as the bridgeheads of the macrotricycle and contain an electron withdrawing group to impart Lewis acidic character. Variable length p...
M. Newcomb M. T. Blanda
Influence of Lewis Antigen Expression by Helicobacter pylori on Bacterial Internalization by Gastric Epithelial Cells
The role of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Lewis antigens in infection is still not well known. We investigated the influence of Lewis antigen expression by H. pylori on its internalization by AGS cells and the epithelium of human gastric xenografts in nude mice using isogenic mutants in LPS biosynthetic genes. In vivo, colonization rates were unaffected by the change in H. pylori Lewis antigen expression, whereas the number of viable intracellular bacteria was significantly higher with wild-type H. pylori strains expressing Lewis antigens when compared to the isogenic mutants in both models. H. pylori strains expressing more Lewis X antigens (Lex) were internalized at a higher rate than those expressing less Lex, type II Lewis antigens (Lea or Leb) alone, or no Lewis antigens. Thus, Lewis antigens appear to be involved in the internalization of H. pylori by the gastric epithelium.
Lozniewski, Alain; Haristoy, Xavier; Rasko, David A.; Hatier, Renee; Plenat, Francois; Taylor, Diane E.; Angioi-Duprez, Karine
Denudation rates derived from spatially-averaged cosmogenic nuclide analysis in Nelson catchments, South Island, New Zealand
New Zealand's tectonically and climatically dynamic environment generates erosion rates that outstrip global averages by up to ten times in some locations. In order to assess recent changes in erosion rate, and also to predict future erosion dynamics, it is important to quantify long-term, background erosion. Current research on erosion in New Zealand predominantly covers short-term (100 yrs) erosion dynamics and Myr dynamics from thermochronological proxy data. Without medium-term denudation data for New Zealand, it is uncertain which variables (climate, anthropogenic disturbance of the landscape, tectonic uplift, lithological, or geomorphic characteristics) exert the dominant control on denudation in New Zealand. Spatially-averaged cosmogenic nuclide analysis can effectively offer this information by providing averaged rates of denudation on millennial timescales without the biases and limitations of short-term erosion methods. Basin-averaged denudation rates were obtained in the Nelson region, New Zealand, from analysis of concentrations of meteoric 10Be in clay and in-situ produced 10Be in quartz. The measured denudation rates integrate over ~8000 yrs (meteoric) and ~3000 yrs (in-situ). Not only do the 10Be records produce erosion rates that are remarkably consistent with each other, but they are also independent of topographic metrics. Denudation rates range from ~116 - 306 t km-2 yr-1, with the exception of one basin which is eroding at 789 t km-2 yr-1(derived from meteoric 10Be) and 644 t km-2 yr-1(derived from in-situ 10Be). The homogeneity of rates and absence of a significant correlation with geomorphic or lithological characteristics suggest another factor is exerting the dominant control on landscape denudation in the Nelson region. Storm variability is a likely driver of erosion in this setting. The background rates are higher than current short term rates (~50 - 200 t km-2 yr-1) due to the significant erosion caused by high magnitude, low frequency events. This is highlighted by sediment yields reaching ~2535 t km-2 yr-1 following storm events in the Nelson region (Basher et al., 2011). At least on the northern South Island of New Zealand, extreme climatic events appear to be the main driver of elevated denudation rates. Basher, L., Hicks, D., Clapp, B., & Hewitt, T. (2011). Sediment Yield Response to Large Storm Events and Forest Harvesting, Motueka River, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal ofMarine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 45, No. 3 , 333-356.
Burdis, A.; Norton, K. P.; Ditchburn, B.; Zondervan, A.
Lewis base mediated ?-elimination and Lewis acid mediated insertion reactions of disilazido zirconium compounds.
The reactivity of a series of disilazido zirconocene complexes is dominated by the migration of anionic groups (hydrogen, alkyl, halide, OTf) between the zirconium and silicon centers. The direction of these migrations is controlled by the addition of two-electron donors (Lewis bases) or two-electron acceptors (Lewis acids). The cationic nonclassical [Cp2ZrN(SiHMe2)2](+) ([2](+)) is prepared from Cp2Zr{N(SiHMe2)2}H (1) and B(C6F5)3 or [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], while reactions of B(C6F5)3 and Cp2Zr{N(SiHMe2)2}R (R = Me (3), Et (5), n-C3H7 (7), CH?CHSiMe3 (9)) provide a mixture of [2](+) and [Cp2ZrN(SiHMe2)(SiRMe2)](+). The latter products are formed through B(C6F5)3 abstraction of a ?-H and R group migration from Zr to the ?-Si center. Related ?-hydrogen abstraction and X group migration reactions are observed for Cp2Zr{N(SiHMe2)2}X (X = OTf (11), Cl (13), OMe (15), O-i-C3H7 (16)). Alternatively, addition of DMAP (DMAP = 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine) to [2](+) results in coordination to a Si center and hydrogen migration to zirconium, giving the cationic complex [Cp2Zr{N(SiHMe2)(SiMe2DMAP)}H](+) ([19](+)). Related hydrogen migration occurs from [Cp2ZrN(SiHMe2)(SiMe2OCHMe2)](+) ([18](+)) to give [Cp2Zr{N(SiMe2DMAP)(SiMe2OCHMe2)}H](+) ([22](+)), whereas X group migration is observed upon addition of DMAP to [Cp2ZrN(SiHMe2)(SiMe2X)](+) (X = OTf ([12](+)), Cl ([14](+))) to give [Cp2Zr{N(SiHMe2)(SiMe2DMAP)}X](+) (X = OTf ([26](+)), Cl ([20](+))). The species involved in these transformations are described by resonance structures that suggest ?-elimination. Notably, such pathways are previously unknown in early metal amide chemistry. Finally, these migrations facilitate direct Si-H addition to carbonyls, which is proposed to occur through a pathway that previously had been reserved for later transition metal compounds. PMID:24067161
Yan, KaKing; Duchimaza Heredia, Juan J; Ellern, Arkady; Gordon, Mark S; Sadow, Aaron D
EPA Science Inventory
Utilize funding from the Regional Geographic Initiative Program to conduct a survey of ecological communities within the Red River-Devils Lake Basins. The study will be targeting Griggs and Nelson Counties to identify significant natural communities and to collect and interpret n...
Seismic source identification and characterisation for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses conducted in the Buller NW Nelson Region, South Island, New Zealand
A seismic source model is presented for use in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses to be conducted for sites within the Buller NW Nelson region of New Zealand. The application of common probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) methodology for sites in this region has been complicated by the long-held suspicion that the observed rates of seismic activity are high and not
Peter J. Stafford; Jarg R. Pettinga; John B. Berrill
Effect of Lewis number on wet surface heat exchangers
A linearized approximate modified analogy theory of wet surface heat exchangers, was developed which predicts the effect of Lewis number more accurately, by introducing modified transfer coefficients, wet bulb depression and wet bulb temperature. A linear approximate model of wet surface heat exchangers is adopted and the equations of the model are rearranged with approximations to two independent sets of
Mubashar Zafar
Lewis Latimer: African American Inventor, Poet and Activist.
Details a lesson plan that examines the life and career of Lewis Latimer. Latimer, the self-taught son of fugitive slaves, rose to a prominent position in Thomas Edison's Electric Company and pioneered many innovations in the early electric industry. Includes a biographical sketch of Latimer, photographs, and illustrations. (MJP)
Judd, Michael
Diffuse Lewy body disease with immediate post-partum onset
A previously healthy 27 years-old woman developed psychotic depression and parkinsonism shortly after delivery of her first child. Her neuropsychiatric symptoms progressed to dementia and she died 5 years after onset. Diffuse Lewy body disease was found at autopsy. This case is unusual because of the early age of onset and the abrupt development of symptoms following pregnancy.
Kenneth Opeskin; Michael Gonzales; Ruth Borenstein; Ross Anderson
Effects of Lewis Number on Temperatures of Spherical Diffusion Flames
Spherical diffusion flames supported on a porous sphere were studied numerically and experimentally. Experiments were performed in 2.2 s and 5.2 s microgravity facilities. Numerical results were obtained from a Chemkin-based program. The program simulates flow from a porous sphere into a quiescent environment, yields both steady-state and transient results, and accounts for optically thick gas-phase radiation. The low flow velocities and long residence times in these diffusion flames lead to enhanced radiative and diffusive effects. Despite similar adiabatic flame temperatures, the measured and predicted temperatures varied by as much as 700 K. The temperature reduction correlates with flame size but characteristic flow times and, importantly, Lewis number also influence temperature. The numerical results show that the ambient gas Lewis number would have a strong effect on flame temperature if the flames were steady and nonradiating. For example, a 10% decrease in Lewis number would increase the steady-state flame temperature by 200 K. However, for these transient, radiating flames the effect of Lewis number is small. Transient predictions of flame sizes are larger than those observed in microgravity experiments. Close agreement could not be obtained without either increasing the model s thermal and mass diffusion properties by 30% or reducing mass flow rate by 25%.
Santa, K. J.; Sun, Z.; Chao, B. H.; Sunderland, P. B.; Axelbaum, R. I.; Urban, D. L.; Stocker, D. P.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1980
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes over 780 research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses resulting from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1980. All the publications were announced in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports and/or International Aerospace Abstracts.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1983
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes over 800 technical publications that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1983. Announced in the 1983 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts), the documents cited include research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Diffuse Lewy body disease: clinical features in 15 cases
Fifteen cases of diffuse Lewy body disease were diagnosed on pathological grounds during a single year in one health district. The range and frequency of clinical features contrast strikingly with previous reports. The majority of cases presented with classical levodopa-responsive Parkinson's disease either alone (6 cases) or with mild cognitive impairment (3 cases); the remaining 6 cases presented with cognitive
E J Byrne; G Lennox; J Lowe; R B Godwin-Austen
Update on Results of SPRE Testing at NASA Lewis.
The Space Power Research Engine (SPRE), a free-piston Stirling engine with a linear alternator, is being tested at NASA Lewis Research Center as part of the Civilian Space Technology Initiative (CSTI) as a candidate for high capacity space power. Results ...
J. E. Cairelli, D. M. Swec, W. A. Wong, T. J. Doeberling, F. J. Madi
32 CFR 552.168 - Fort Lewis Area Access Office.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Land Use Policy for Fort Lewis...hours vary dependent on personnel fill, and are available by calling...Events requiring commitment of land must be processed per § 552.166. (f) Aside from the land commitment coordination...
169. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection). ...
169. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection). Photographer and date unknown. MILNER DAM, TWIN FALLS COUNTY, MILNER, IDAHO; NORTH DAM, WORKERS RIDE LOADING-DUMPING CAR DEVICE. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID
161. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection, ...
161. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection, Twin Falls, Idaho). Photographer and date unknown. MILNER DAM, SOUTH SIDE CANAL, TWIN FALLS COUNTY, MILNER, IDAHO; WORKERS AT CAMP AT HEAD OF CANAL. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID
During Water Year 1979, a water quality study was conducted on the Lapwai Creek in Nez Perce and Lewis Counties, Idaho (17060306) to obtain background information on nonpoint source pollution impacts and for effluent limitation development. The study involved approximately bi-mo...
Liquid droplet radiator program at the NASA Lewis Research Center
The NASA Lewis Research Center and the Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory (AFRPL) are jointly engaged in a program for technical assessment of the Liquid Droplet Radiator (LDR) concept as an advanced high performance heat ejection component for future space missions. NASA Lewis has responsibility for the technology needed for the droplet generator, for working fluid qualification, and for investigating the physics of droplets in space; NASA Lewis is also conducting systems/mission analyses for potential LDR applications with candidate space power systems. For the droplet generator technology task, both micro-orifice fabrication techniques and droplet stream formation processes have been experimentally investigated. High quality micro-orifices (to 50 micron diameter) are routinely fabricated with automated equipment. Droplet formation studies have established operating boundaries for the generation of controlled and uniform droplet streams. A test rig is currently being installed for the experimental verification, under simulated space conditions, of droplet radiation heat transfer performance analyses and the determination of the effect radiative emissivity of multiple droplet streams. Initial testing has begun in the NASA Lewis Zero-Gravity Facility for investigating droplet stream behavior in microgravity conditions. This includes the effect of orifice wetting on jet dynamics and droplet formation. Results for both Brayton and Stirling power cycles have identified favorable mass and size comparisons of the LDR with conventional radiator concepts.
Presler, A. F.; Coles, C. E.; Diem-Kirsop, P. S.; White, K. A., III
NASA. Lewis Research Center materials research and technology: An overview
The Materials Division at the Lewis Research Center has a long record of contributions to both materials and process technology as well as to the understanding of key high-temperature phenomena. This paper overviews the division staff, facilities, past history, recent progress, and future interests.
Grisaffe, Salvatore J.
Lewis F. Richardson and the analysis of war
We show that since about 1970 the strategic nuclear weaponry of the US and the USSR have been following the classic exponential growth pattern first discussed by Lewis Fry Richardson, the founder of mathematical analysis of war. We also present data suggesting a correlation between war deaths and two-generation, half century long waves (Konratieff cycles) in human systems.
Craig, Paul P.; Levine, Mark D.
Self Prion Protein Peptides are Immunogenic in Lewis Rats
Prion diseases are caused by abnormal folding of the prion protein. The paradigm is that the prion protein is not immunogenic because the immune system must be tolerant to such a self protein. In an attempt to identify immunogenic prion peptides, we immunized Lewis rats with peptides that fitted the MHC class II RT1.B1motif. Both humoral and cellular immunity to
Lina Souan; Raanan Margalit; Ori Brenner; Irun R. Cohen; Felix Mor
Reactions of ?-lactones with Lewis acids: Ring enlargement versus ?-elimination
On treatment with MgBr2 the ?-spirolactones 7 and 10 undergo ring enlargement to the ?-lactones 8 and 11, whereas the ?-spirolactones 13 show diastereoselective ?-elimination to form the ?,?-unsaturated acids 14. The Lewis acid influence on the migratory aptitude of Me versus H is studied for ?-lactone 18.
Ulrich Nagel
174. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection). ...
174. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection). Photographer and date unknown. SNAKE RIVER BELOW MILNER DAM SITE, TWIN FALLS COUNTY, MILNER, IDAHO; RAPIDS JUST BELOW MILNER TOWNSITE. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID
165. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection). ...
165. Photocopy of Photograph (original in Roger Lewis' private collection). Photographer and date unknown. MILNER DAM, TWIN FALLS COUNTY, MILNER IDAHO; CRANES USED TO PLACE ROCK ON DAM; NOTE ELECTRIC RAILROAD CAR AT LEFT. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID
NASA Lewis Propulsion Systems Laboratory Customer Guide Manual.
This manual describes the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) at NASA Lewis Research Center. The PSL complex supports two large engine test cells (PSL-3 and PSL-4) that are capable of providing flight simulation to altitudes of 70,000 ft. Facility variabl...
R. H. Soeder
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1982
The technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1982 is described. All the publications were announced in the 1982 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Consumer Reaction to the Fort Lewis CAFe System.
2471 interviews were conducted at Ft. Lewis, Washington, to determine consumer reaction to the model food service system (CAFe). The results indicate that the food prepared within the central kitchens of CAFe, and even the food prepared on-site in CAFe fa...
H. L. Meiselman L. G. Branch
Modified NASA-Lewis chemical equilibrium code for MHD applications
A substantially modified version of the NASA-Lewis Chemical Equilibrium Code was recently developed. The modifications were designed to extend the power and convenience of the Code as a tool for performing combustor analysis for MHD systems studies. The effect of the programming details is described from a user point of view.
Sacks, R. A.; Geyer, H. K.; Grammel, S. J.; Doss, E. D.
A Legacy of Dandelions: Carolyn Lewis Attneave (1990-1992).
Discusses the legacy of Carolyn Lewis Attneave who was, according to T. D. LaFromboise and J. E. Trimble (1966), "undoubtedly the most well-known psychologist of American Indian background." Reviews Attneave's work in organizations across the United States promoting the causes of American Indian families and community mental health and her skill�
Heckman-Stone, Carolyn
Lewis base catalyzed, enantioselective, intramolecular sulfenoamination of olefins.
A method for the enantioselective, intramolecular sulfenoamination of various olefins has been developed using a chiral BINAM-based selenophosphoramide, Lewis base catalyst. Terminal and trans disubstituted alkenes afforded pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes in high yields and high enantiomeric ratios via enantioselective formation and subsequent stereospecific capture of the thiiranium intermediate with the pendant tosyl-protected amine. PMID:24926794
Denmark, Scott E; Chi, Hyung Min
Ada H. H. Lewis Middle School Curriculum Guide.
This curriculum guide describes the instructional program at the Ada H. H. Lewis Middle School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In brief, the goals of the program are to provide the schools' fifth-grade through eighth-grade students with educational opportunities based on an eclectic team-teaching approach. Four separate "houses" accommodate�
Philadelphia School District, PA. Office of Curriculum and Instruction.
33 CFR 117.899 - Youngs Bay and Lewis and Clark River.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... false Youngs Bay and Lewis and Clark River. 117.899 Section 117.899 Navigation...899 Youngs Bay and Lewis and Clark River. (a) The draw of the US101...to the drawtender at the Lewis and Clark River Bridge by marine radio,...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
78 FR 36591 - David M. Lewis, D.M.D., Dismissal of Proceeding
...JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration David M. Lewis, D.M.D., Dismissal of...DEA), issued an Order to Show Cause to David M. Lewis, D.M.D. (Registrant...that the Order to Show Cause issued to David M. Lewis, D.M.D., be, and it...
A bidentate Lewis acid with a telluronium ion as an anion-binding site
The search for receptors that can selectively capture small and potentially toxic anions in protic media has sparked a renewed interest in the synthesis and anion-binding properties of polydentate Lewis acids. Seeking new paradigms to enhance the anion affinities of such systems, we synthesized a bidentate Lewis acid that contains a boryl and a telluronium moiety as Lewis acidic sites.
Haiyan Zhao; Fran�ois P. Gabba�
A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia
In 1969, Nelson County, Virginia received up to 71 cm of rain within 12 h starting at 7 p.m. on August 19. The total rainfall from the storm exceeded the 1000-year return period in the region. Several thousands of landslides were induced by rainfall associated with Hurricane Camille causing fatalities and destroying infrastructure. We apply a distributed transient response model for regional slope stability analysis to shallow landslides. Initiation points of over 3000 debris flows and effects of flooding from this storm are applied to the model. Geotechnical data used in the calculations are published data from samples of colluvium. Results from these calculations are compared with field observations such as landslide trigger location and timing of debris flows to assess how well the model predicts the spatial and temporal distribution. of landslide initiation locations. The model predicts many of the initiation locations in areas where debris flows are observed. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morrissey, M. M.; Wieczorek, G. F.; Morgan, B. A.
Clay-Rich Gouge Identified in Serpentinite from the San Andreas Fault Zone at Nelson Creek, Monterey County, California
A clay-rich gouge has been found in an outcrop of serpentinite along the San Andreas fault at Nelson Creek, about 2.4 km NNE of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). A small section of the clayey gouge, about 0.15 m wide and 0.5 m long, is exposed along a fault trace that slipped during the 2004 Parkfield earthquake and that juxtaposes the serpentinite against sandstone. The serpentinite body is 3-50 m wide and extends along the fault as a tectonic smear for at least 4 to 5 km. The clay-rich, foliated gouge contains clasts of serpentinite, shale, siltstone, quartz, albite, and K-feldspar. Based on electron microprobe analyses, clay minerals in the matrix of the gouge are saponitic smectite clays containing on average 24-25 wt% MgO and ~7 wt% Al2O3. The Mg-rich clay compositions combined with textural evidence suggest that the gouge is the product of metasomatic reaction between the Mg-rich serpentinite and adjoining quartzofeldspathic sedimentary rocks. Serpentinite-bearing clayey gouge has also been identified in Phase 3 SAFOD core recovered from the two actively creeping traces of the San Andreas fault at ~3190 m and ~3300 m measured depth (MD). Phase 2 SAFOD cuttings associated with the 3190 m active trace were examined for comparison with the Nelson Creek samples. Cuttings of foliated clays containing serpentinite grains were identified in cuttings samples beginning at 3197 m MD, and these are inferred to represent the foliated fault gouge of the 3190 m active trace. Many of the clays in the grains of gouge also have saponitic compositions. Other clays with higher Al/Si and Fe/Mg ratios are more consistent with corrensite, a regularly interlayered chlorite-smectite clay. In the few grains in which both clays were identified, the saponite appears to be younger than the corrensitic clay. We conclude that the clayey gouge in the Nelson Creek outcrop is equivalent to that found at ~2700 m (true depth) in the actively creeping strands of the San Andreas fault at SAFOD. The presence of the clayey gouge in outcrop may indicate connection with one or both of the gouge zones at depth � if so, we may find similar gouge, and evidence of fault processes, at depths in between. In burial diagenetic environments, a progression from trioctahedral smectite, to corrensite, to chlorite occurs with increasing depth and temperature. The differences in clay-mineral assemblages of the Nelson Creek and SAFOD gouges are consistent with their different depths of occurrence. The overprinting of corrensite by saponite observed in some SAFOD grains may indicate a gradual upward migration of material in the active fault traces over time.
Moore, D. E.; Rymer, M. J.
Pulau virus; a new member of the Nelson Bay orthoreovirus species isolated from fruit bats in Malaysia.
After the outbreak of Nipah virus (NiV) in 1998-99, which resulted in 105 human deaths and the culling of more than one million pigs, a search was initiated for the natural host reservoir of NiV on Tioman Island off the east coast of Malaysia. Three different syncytia-forming viruses were isolated from fruit bats on the island. They were Nipah virus, Tioman virus (a novel paramyxovirus related to Menangle virus), and a reovirus, named Pulau virus (PuV), which is the subject of this study. PuV displayed the typical ultra structural morphology of a reovirus and was neutralised by serum against Nelson Bay reovirus (NBV), a reovirus isolated from a fruit bat (Pteropus poliocephalus) in Australia over 30 years ago. PuV was fusogenic and formed large syncytia in Vero cells. Comparison of dsRNA segments between PuV and NBV showed distinct mobility differences for the S1 and S2 segments. Complete sequence analysis of all four S segments revealed a close relationship between PuV and NBV, with nucleotide sequence identity varying from 88% for S3 segment to 56% for the S1 segment. Similarly phylogenetic analysis of deduced protein sequences confirmed that PuV is closely related to NBV. In this paper we discuss the similarities and differences between PuV and NBV which support the classification of PuV as a novel mammalian, fusogenic reovirus within the Nelson Bay orthoreovirus species, in the genus Orthoreovirus, family Reoviridae. PMID:16205863
Pritchard, L I; Chua, K B; Cummins, D; Hyatt, A; Crameri, G; Eaton, B T; Wang, L-F
Microgravity noncontact temperature requirements at NASA Lewis Research Center
NASA Lewis Research Center is currently supporting 66 microgravity science and applications projects. The 66 projects are separated into 23 flight projects and 43 ground-based projects. The part of the NASA Lewis program dealing with flight experiments is divided into six areas: Combustion Science, Materials Science, Fluid Physics, Instrumentation/Equipment, Advanced Technology Development, and Space Station Multi-User Facility studies. The part of the NASA Lewis program dealing with ground-based experiments is coincidentally also divided into six areas: Electronic Materials, Combustion Science, Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena, Metals and Alloys, Glasses and Ceramics, and Physics and Chemistry Experiments. Several purposes exist for ground-based experimenting. Preliminary information is necessary before a decision can be made for flight status, the short low gravity durations available in ground facilities are adequate for a particular study, or extensive ground-based research must be conducted to define and support the microgravity science endeavors contemplated for space. Not all of the 66 microgravity science and application projects at NASA Lewis have temperature requirements, but most do. Since space allocation does not permit a review of all the pertinent projects, a decision was made to restrict the coverage to the science flight projects, flight projects minus the advanced technology development, and multiuser facility efforts. Very little is lost by this decision as the types of temperature requirements for science flight projects can be considered representative of those for the ground-based projects. The noncontact temperature needs at NASA Lewis, as represented by the science flight projects are discussed by describing briefly the experiments themselves, by displaying an illustration of each experimental setup, and by specifying their temperature requisites.
Santoro, G.
Lewis number effects on turbulent premixed flame structure
The influence of the Lewis number on turbulent flame front geometry is investigated in a premixed turbulent stagnation point flame. A laser tomography technique is used to obtain the flame shape, a fractal analysis of the multiscale flame edges is performed and the distribution of local flame front curvature is determined. Lean H[sub 2]/Air and C[sub 3]H[sub 8]/Air mixtures with similar burning rates were investigated with Lewis numbers of 0.33 and 1.85 respectively. At the conditions studied the laminar H[sub 2]/Air mixture is unstable and a cellular structure is observed. Turbulence in the reactant is generated by a perforated plate and the turbulent length scale (3mm) and intensity (7%) at the nozzle exit are fixed. The equivalence ratio is set so that the burning velocity is the same for all the cases. Results show clearly that the turbulent flame surface area is dependent on the Lewis number. For a Lewis number less than unity surface area production is observed. The shape of the flame front curvature distribution is not found to be very sensitive to the Lewis number. For the H[sub 2]/Air mixture the distribution is skewed toward the positive values indicating the presence of cusps while for the C[sub 3]H[sub 8]/Air mixture the distribution is more symmetrical. In both cases the average curvature is found to be zero, and if the local burning speed varies linearly with curvature, the local positive and negative burning velocity variations due to curvature will balance.
Goix, P.J. (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 230 - Mont-Saint-Aignan (France). URA CORIA); Shepherd, I.G. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
The influence of the Lewis number on turbulent flame front geometry is investigated in a premixed turbulent stagnation point flame. A laser tomography technique is used to obtain the flame shape, a fractal analysis of the multiscale flame edges is performed and the distribution of local flame front curvature is determined. Lean H{sub 2}/Air and C{sub 3}H{sub 8}/Air mixtures with similar burning rates were investigated with Lewis numbers of 0.33 and 1.85 respectively. At the conditions studied the laminar H{sub 2}/Air mixture is unstable and a cellular structure is observed. Turbulence in the reactant is generated by a perforated plate and the turbulent length scale (3mm) and intensity (7%) at the nozzle exit are fixed. The equivalence ratio is set so that the burning velocity is the same for all the cases. Results show clearly that the turbulent flame surface area is dependent on the Lewis number. For a Lewis number less than unity surface area production is observed. The shape of the flame front curvature distribution is not found to be very sensitive to the Lewis number. For the H{sub 2}/Air mixture the distribution is skewed toward the positive values indicating the presence of cusps while for the C{sub 3}H{sub 8}/Air mixture the distribution is more symmetrical. In both cases the average curvature is found to be zero, and if the local burning speed varies linearly with curvature, the local positive and negative burning velocity variations due to curvature will balance.
Goix, P.J. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 230 - Mont-Saint-Aignan (France). URA CORIA; Shepherd, I.G. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
Comparative assessment of the organization of the colors of the Vita Classical color pallet by digital images and visual analysis for dental bleaching
New formularizations, techniques and devices have become the dental whitening most safe and with better results. Although this, the verification of the levels whitening is being continued for visual comparison, that is an empirical, subjective method, subject to errors and dependent of the individual interpretation. Normally the result of the whitening is express for the amplitude of displacement between the initial and the final color, being take like reference the tonalities of a scale of color commanded of darkest for more clearly. Although to be the most used scale , the ordinance of the Vita Classical ® - Vita, according to recommendations of the manufacturer, reveals inadequate for the evaluation of the whitening. From digital images and of algorithm OER (ordinance of the reference scale), especially developed for the ScanWhite �, the ordinance of the tonalities of the scale Vita Classical® was made. For such, the values of the canals of color R, G, and B of medium part average of the crowns was adopted as reference for evaluation. The images had been taken with the camera Sony Cybershoot DSC F828. The results of the computational ordinance had been compared with the sequence proposal for the manufacturer and with the earned one for the visual evaluation, carried through by 10 volunteers, under standardized conditions of illumination. It statistics analyzes demonstrated significant differences between the ordinances.
Oliveira-J�nior, O. B.; Cioffi, Mariana S.; Cesnik, R. M.; Florez, Fernando L. E.; Bagnato, Vanderlei S.; Corr�a-Dos-Santos, Diego R.; Fornazari, Fabio P.
Immunohistochemical localization of apoptosome-related proteins in Lewy bodies in Parkinson?s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Apoptotic stimuli induce the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, and this released cytochrome c promotes the formation of the apoptosome, which contains cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9, resulting in the activation of caspase-9 and the promotion of apoptotic cell death. To investigate the role of the apoptosome in patients with Parkinson?s disease (PD), we performed immunohistochemical studies on apoptosome-related proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 8 normal subjects, 10 patients with PD and 5 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Furthermore, we performed double-labeling immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-9 and CD68 in some sections from 8 normal subjects and 10 patients with PD. In the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus from both control and PD cases, the somata and processes of melanin-containing neurons were immunostained for cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9. In the same areas from the PD cases, brainstem-type Lewy bodies were also immunoreactive for cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-9 immunoreactivity was detected in brainstem-type Lewy bodies and CD68-immunopositive microglia. In addition to brainstem-type Lewy bodies, cortical Lewy bodies were also immunoreactive for these apoptosome-related proteins in the frontal and temporal cortices from the DLB cases. Our results suggest that apoptosome formation accompanied by caspase-9 activation may occur in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus in brains affected by PD, and that a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway may be partially associated with the pathogenesis of PD. PMID:24835407
Kawamoto, Yasuhiro; Ito, Hidefumi; Ayaki, Takashi; Takahashi, Ryosuke
A systematic revision of Baconia Lewis (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini)
Abstract Here we present a complete revision of the species of Baconia. Up until now there have been 27 species assigned to the genus (Mazur, 2011), in two subgenera (Binhister Cooman and Baconia s. str.), with species in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, and Oriental regions. We recognize all these species as valid and correctly assigned to the genus, and redescribe all of them. We synonymize Binhister, previously used for a polyphyletic assemblage of species with varied relationships in the genus. We move four species into Baconia from other genera, and describe 85 species as new, bringing the total for the genus to 116 species. We divide these into 12 informal species groups, leaving 13 species unplaced to group. We present keys and diagnoses for all species, as well as habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia for nearly all. The genus now contains the following species and species groups: Baconia loricata group [Baconia loricata Lewis, 1885, B. patula Lewis, 1885, Baconia gounellei (Marseul, 1887a), Baconia jubaris (Lewis, 1901), Baconia festiva (Lewis, 1891), Baconia foliosoma sp. n., Baconia sapphirina sp. n., Baconia furtiva sp. n., Baconia pernix sp. n., Baconia applanatis sp. n., Baconia disciformis sp. n., Baconia nebulosa sp. n., Baconia brunnea sp. n.], Baconia godmani group [Baconia godmani (Lewis, 1888), Baconia venusta (J. E. LeConte, 1845), Baconia riehli (Marseul, 1862), comb. n., Baconia scintillans sp. n., Baconia isthmia sp. n., Baconia rossi sp. n., Baconia navarretei sp. n., Baconia maculata sp. n., Baconia deliberata sp. n., Baconia excelsa sp. n., Baconia violacea (Marseul, 1853), Baconia varicolor (Marseul, 1887b), Baconia dives (Marseul, 1862), Baconia eximia (Lewis, 1888), Baconia splendida sp. n., Baconia jacinta sp. n., Baconia prasina sp. n., Baconia opulenta sp. n., Baconia illustris (Lewis, 1900), Baconia choaspites (Lewis, 1901), Baconia lewisi Mazur, 1984], Baconia salobrus group [Baconia salobrus (Marseul, 1887b), Baconia turgifrons sp. n., Baconia crassa sp. n., Baconia anthracina sp. n., Baconia emarginata sp. n., Baconia obsoleta sp. n.], Baconia ruficauda group [Baconia ruficauda sp. n., Baconia repens sp. n.], Baconia angusta group [Baconia angusta Schmidt, 1893a, Baconia incognita sp. n., Baconia guartela sp. n., Baconia bullifrons sp. n., Baconia cavei sp. n., Baconia subtilis sp. n., Baconia dentipes sp. n., Baconia rubripennis sp. n., Baconia lunatifrons sp. n.], Baconia aeneomicans group [Baconia aeneomicans (Horn, 1873), Baconia pulchella sp. n., Baconia quercea sp. n., Baconia stephani sp. n., Baconia irinae sp. n., Baconia fornix sp. n., Baconia slipinskii Mazur, 1981, Baconia submetallica sp. n., Baconia diminua sp. n., Baconia rufescens sp. n., Baconia punctiventer sp. n., Baconia aulaea sp. n., Baconia mustax sp. n., Baconia plebeia sp. n., Baconia castanea sp. n., Baconia lescheni sp. n., Baconia oblonga sp. n., Baconia animata sp. n., Baconia teredina sp. n., Baconia chujoi (Cooman, 1941), Baconia barbarus (Cooman, 1934), Baconia reposita sp. n., Baconia kubani sp. n., Baconia wallacea sp. n., Baconia bigemina sp. n., Baconia adebratti sp. n., Baconia silvestris sp. n.], Baconia cylindrica group [Baconia cylindrica sp. n., Baconia chatzimanolisi sp. n.], Baconia gibbifer group [Baconia gibbifer sp. n., B. piluliformis sp. n., Baconia maquipucunae sp. n., Baconia tenuipes sp. n., Baconia tuberculifer sp. n., Baconia globosa sp. n.], Baconia insolita group [Baconia insolita (Schmidt, 1893a), comb. n., Baconia burmeisteri (Marseul, 1870), Baconia tricolor sp. n., Baconia pilicauda sp. n.], Baconia riouka group [Baconia riouka (Marseul, 1861), Baconia azuripennis sp. n.], Baconia famelica group [Baconia famelica sp. n., Baconia grossii sp. n., Baconia redemptor sp. n., Baconia fortis sp. n., Baconia longipes sp. n., Baconia katieae sp. n., Baconia cavifrons (Lewis, 1893), comb. n., Baconia haeterioides sp. n.], Baconia micans group [Baconia micans (Schmidt, 1889a), Baconia carinifrons sp. n., Baconia fulgida (Schmidt, 1889c)], Baconia incertae sedis [Baconi
Caterino, Michael S.; Tishechkin, Alexey K.
Parkin Localizes to the Lewy Bodies of Parkinson Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Mutations in ?-synuclein (?S) and parkin cause heritable forms of Parkinson disease (PD). We hypothesized that neuronal parkin, a known E3 ubiquitin ligase, facilitates the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs), a pathological hallmark of PD. Here, we report that affinity-purified parkin antibodies labeled classical LBs in substantia nigra sections from four related human disorders: sporadic PD, inherited ?S-linked PD, dementia with LBs (DLB), and LB-positive, parkin-linked PD. Anti-parkin antibodies also detected LBs in entorhinal and cingulate cortices from DLB brain and ?S inclusions in sympathetic gangliocytes from sporadic PD. Double labeling with confocal microscopy of DLB midbrain sections revealed that ?90% of anti-?S-reactive LBs were also detected by a parkin antibody to amino acids 342 to 353. Accordingly, parkin proteins, including the 53-kd mature isoform, were present in affinity-isolated LBs from DLB cortex. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and immunoelectron microscopy showed that ?S and parkin co-localized within brainstem and cortical LBs. Biochemically, parkin appeared most enriched in cytosolic and postsynaptic fractions of adult rat brain, but also in purified, ?S-rich presynaptic elements that additionally contained parkin�s E2-binding partner, UbcH7. We conclude that parkin and UbcH7 are present with ?S in subcellular compartments of normal brain and that parkin frequently co-localizes with ?S aggregates in the characteristic LB inclusions of PD and DLB. These results suggest that functional parkin proteins may be required during LB formation.
Schlossmacher, Michael G.; Frosch, Matthew P.; Gai, Wei Ping; Medina, Miguel; Sharma, Nutan; Forno, Lysia; Ochiishi, Tomoyo; Shimura, Hideki; Sharon, Ronit; Hattori, Nobutaka; Langston, J. William; Mizuno, Yoshikuni; Hyman, Bradley T.; Selkoe, Dennis J.; Kosik, Kenneth S.
Review of Recent Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) Research at Lewis Research Center
Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) research at NASA Lewis Research Center that began in the late 1980's is reviewed. This work has been concentrated on low bandgap indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) PV calls and rare earth - yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) thin film selective emitters, as well as, TPV system studies. An emittance theory has been developed for the thin film emitters. Experimental spectral emittance results for erbium Er-YAG and holmium Ho-YAG show excellent emittance (greater than or equal to 0.7) within the emission bands. The 0.75 eV InGaAs PV cells fabricated at Lewis have excellent quantum efficiency. An efficiency of 130% has been measured for this cell coupled to an Er-YAG selective emitter and a short pass IR filter.
Chubb, Donald L.; Good, Brian S.; Wilt, David M.; Lowe, Roland A.; Fatemi, Navid S.; Hoffman, Richard H.; Scheiman, David
Review of recent thermophotovoltaic (TPV) research at Lewis Research Center
Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) research at NASA Lewis Research Center that began in the late 1980's is reviewed. This work has been concentrated on low bandgap indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) PV cells and rare earth yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) thin film selective emitters, as well as, TPV system studies. An emittance theory has been developed for the thin film emitters. Experimental spectral emittance results for erbium Er-YAG and holmium Ho-YAG show excellent emittance (greater than or equal to .7) within the emission bands. The .75 eV InGaAs PV cells fabricated at Lewis have excellent quantum efficiency. An efficiency of 13% has been measured for this cell coupled to an Er-YAG selective emitter and a short pass IR filter.
Engines and innovation: Lewis Laboratory and American propulsion technology
This book is an institutional history of the NASA Lewis Research Center, located in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1940, when Congress authorized funding for a third laboratory for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, through the 1980s. The history of the laboratory is discussed in relation to the development of American propulsion technology, with particular focus on the transition in the 1940s from the use of piston engines in airplanes to jet propulsion and that from air-breathing engines to rocket technology when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was established in 1958. The personalities and research philosophies of the people who shaped the history of the laboratory are discussed, as is the relationship of Lewis Research Center to the Case Institute of Technology.
Dawson, Virginia Parker
Carers' narratives: finding dementia with Lewy bodies experiences.
Carers' narratives provide a unique insight into the caring experience. From a human interest perspective they have appeal to the general population; however, they also target and are read by niche audiences - families striving to understand the challenges of the caring role. This article examines four carer narratives and their relevance to particular niche audiences; three classified from the information provided on their book covers as pertaining to Alzheimer's disease and one to Parkinson's disease. It explores the impact of care on the caregivers and reviews the promoted diagnoses in light of the current understanding of dementia with Lewy bodies. The author argues that the information provided in the titles, in good faith, may not reflect the content of the narratives and that three of these narratives may provide carers of people who have dementia with Lewy bodies with insights into the challenges that this disease presents. PMID:19951338
Nicholson, Kathryn A
Lewis base catalysis of bromo- and iodolactonization, and cycloetherification
Lewis base catalyzed bromo- and iodolactonization reactions have been developed and the effects of catalyst structure on rate and cyclization selectivity have been systematically explored. The effects of substrate structure on halolactonization reactions and the interaction of those effects with the effects of catalyst structure have been investigated, leading to synthetically useful improvements in cyclization selectivity. The knowledge acquired was applied to the development of Lewis base catalyzed bromo- and iodocycloetherification reactions. The ability of some of the surveyed catalysts to influence the cyclization selectivity of halolactonization reactions demonstrates their presence in the transition structure of the product-determining cyclization step. This observation implies that chiral derivatives of these catalysts have the potential to provide enantioenriched products regardless of the rates or mechanisms of halonium ion racemization.
Denmark, Scott E.; Burk, Matthew T.
While grammatical aspects of language are preserved, executive deficits are prominent in Lewy body spectrum disorder (LBSD), including Parkinson�s disease (PD), Parkinson�s dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We examined executive control during sentence processing in LBSD by assessing temporary structural ambiguities. Using an on-line word detection procedure, patients heard sentences with a syntactic structure that has high-compatibility or low-compatibility with the main verb�s statistically preferred syntactic structure, and half of the sentences were lengthened strategically between the onset of the ambiguity and its resolution. We found selectively slowed processing of lengthened ambiguous sentences in the PDD/DLB subgroup. This correlated with impairments on measures of executive control. Regression analyses related the working memory deficit during ambiguous sentence processing to significant cortical thinning in frontal and parietal regions. These findings emphasize the role of prefrontal disease in the executive limitations that interfere with processing ambiguous sentences in LBSD.
Grossman, Murray; Gross, Rachel G.; Moore, Peachie; Dreyfuss, Michael; McMillan, Corey; Cook, Philip; Ash, Sherry; Siderowf, Andrew
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1986
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1986. All the publications were announced in the 1986 issues of Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) and/or International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1990
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1990. All the publications were announced in the 1990 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1977
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes over 780 technical reports resulting from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1977. All the publications were announced in the 1977 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Documents cited include research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center Technical Publications announced in 1979
This compilation of over 1100 abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1979. All the publications were announced in the 1979 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses are included. Subject, author, corporate source, contract number, and report number indexes are provided.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1993
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1993. All the publications were announced in the 1993 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1984
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1984. All the publications were announced in the 1984 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Lewis theory for energy straggling in thin layers
A Lewis-moments theory for energy straggling is developed that underpins the observed numerical accuracy of moment-preserving approximations for computing charged particle energy-loss distributions in thin layers. Specifically, we prove that for a certain class of straggling models, if an approximate straggling model has identical collisional energy-loss moments as the exact or analog model through a fixed order N, then the corresponding energy-moments of the energy-loss distributions are identical to order N.
Prinja, Anil K.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1992
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1992. All the publications were announced in the 1992 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1989
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1989. All the publications were announced in the 1989 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Ion thruster development at NASA Lewis Research Center
Recent ion propulsion technology efforts at NASA's Lewis Research Center including development of kW-class xenon ion thrusters, high power xenon and krypton ion thrusters, and power processors are reviewed. Thruster physical characteristics, performance data, life projections, and power processor component technology are summarized. The ion propulsion technology program is structured to address a broad set of mission applications from satellite stationkeeping and repositioning to primary propulsion using solar or nuclear power systems.
Sovey, James S.; Hamley, John A.; Patterson, Michael J.; Rawlin, Vincent K.; Sarver-Verhey, Timothy R.
Sovey, J.S.; Hamley, J.A.; Patterson, M.J.; Rawlin, V.K. (M.S. SPTD-1, NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135 (United States)); Sarver-Verhey, T.R. (M.S. SPTD-1, Sverdrup Technology, Inc., Lewis Research Center Group, Brookpark, Ohio 44142 (United States))
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1987
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1987. All the publications were announced in the 1987 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Lewis acids in diastereoselective processes involving acyclic radicals
The radical reductions and allylations of a series of a-halo-P-alkoxy esters under bidentate chelation-controlled conditions are reported and compared with the analogous reactions under non-chelating conditions. The addition of Lewis acids is shown to give excellent selectivity for the syn products in the case of reduction, and the anti products in the case of allylation. In some cases, ratios greater
Yvan GUindon; LC Brigitte GuBrin; W. W. Ogilvieb
Asymptotic Analysis of Laminar Flame Propagation for General Lewis Numbers
The structure of a steady one-dimensional isobaric deflagration is examined for the case of a direct first-order one-step irreversible exothermic unimolecular decomposition under Arrhenius kinetics. In particular, the eigenvalue giving the speed of propagation of the laminar flame into the unburned gas is sought for constant Lewis number of order unity. The method of matched asymptotic expansion is invoked in
Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1981
Technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1981 are indexed and abstracted. All the publications were announced in the 1981 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patent applications, and theses. A total of 384 technical publications is listed.
Update to the NASA Lewis Ice Accretion Code LEWICE
This report is intended as an update to NASA CR-185129 'User's Manual for the NASA Lewis Ice Accretion Prediction Code (LEWICE).' It describes modifications and improvements made to this code as well as changes to the input and output files, interactive input, and graphics output. The comparison of this code to experimental data is shown to have improved as a result of these modifications.
Wright, William B.
Structure Of Flame Balls At Low Lewis-numbers (SOFBALL)
Structure Of Flame Balls At Low Lewis-numbers (SOFBALL) Experiment Mounting Structure (EMS) was used to conduct the SOFBALL experiment on Combustion Module-1. The EMS was inserted into the CM-1 combustion chamber. The chamber was filled with a lean fuel/oxidizer mixture and a spark igniter on the EMS ignited the gas. Very small, weak flames, in the shape of spheres, were formed and studied.
Lewis' Educational and Research Collaborative Intership Program Grant Closeout Report
The Lewis' Educational and Research Collaborative Internship Program (LERCIP) is a collaborative undertaking by the Office of Educational Programs at NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field (formerly NASA Lewis Research Center) and the Ohio Aerospace Institute. This program provides 10-week internships and 10 or 12-week fellowships for undergraduate/graduate students and secondary school teachers. Approximately 130 interns are selected to participate in this program each year and begin arriving the second week in May. The internships provide students with introductory professional experiences to complement their academic programs. The interns are given assignments on research and development projects under the personal guidance of NASA professional staff members. Each intern is assigned a NASA mentor who facilitates a research assignment. In addition to the research assignment, the summer program includes a strong educational component that enhances the professional stature of the participants. The educational activities include a research symposium and a variety of workshops, lectures and short courses. An important aspect of the program is that it includes students with diverse social, cultural and economic backgrounds.
Lewy body dementia: caregiver burden and unmet needs.
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a common cause of dementia but to date, little is known about caregiver burden. The Lewy Body Dementia Association (www.LBDA.org) conducted a web-based survey of 962 caregivers (mean age 56 y; 88% women). The most common initial symptoms were cognitive (48%), motor (39%), or both (13%). Caregivers expressed concerns about fear of future (77%), feeling stressed (54%), loss of social life (52%), and uncertainty about what to do next (50%). Caregivers reported moderate-to-severe burden; 80% felt the people around them did not understand their burden and 54% reported feelings of isolation with spousal caregivers reporting more burden than nonspousal caregivers. Only 29% hired in-home assistance, whereas less than 40% used respite or adult day care, geriatric case managers, or attended a support group meeting. Lack of service utilization occurred despite two-thirds of caregivers reporting medical crises requiring emergency services, psychiatric care, or law enforcement. Caregivers reported preferences for web-based information, directories of LBD expert providers, information on LBD research, and location of local support groups. These findings highlight significant unmet needs for LBD caregivers and provide targets for intervention to reduce caregiver burden. Community resources such as the Lewy Body Dementia Association may serve this end, while also providing practical information and support for caregivers. PMID:20505434
Galvin, James E; Duda, John E; Kaufer, Daniel I; Lippa, Carol F; Taylor, Angela; Zarit, Steven H
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a common cause of dementia but to date, little is known about caregiver burden. The Lewy Body Dementia Association (www.LBDA.org) conducted a web-based survey of 962 caregivers (mean age 56y; 88% women). The most common initial symptoms were cognitive (48%), motor (39%), or both (13%). Caregivers expressed concerns about fear of future (77%), feeling stressed (54%), loss of social life (52%) and uncertainty about what to do next (50%). Caregivers reported moderate to severe burden; 80% felt the people around them did not understand their burden and 54% reported feelings of isolation with spousal caregivers reporting more burden than non-spousal caregivers. Only 29% hired in-home assistance while less than 40% used respite or adult day care, geriatric case managers or attended a support group meeting. Lack of service utilization occurred despite two-thirds of caregivers reporting medical crises requiring emergency services, psychiatric care or law enforcement. Caregivers reported preferences for web-based information, directories of LBD expert providers, information on LBD research and location of local support groups. These findings highlight significant unmet needs for LBD caregivers and provide targets for intervention to reduce caregiver burden. Community resources such as the Lewy Body Dementia Association may serve this end, while also providing practical information and support for caregivers.
Galvin, James E.; Duda, John E.; Kaufer, Daniel I.; Lippa, Carol F.; Taylor, Angela; Zarit, Steven H.
Fullerene-carbene Lewis acid-base adducts.
The reaction between a bulky N-heterocylic carbene (NHC) and C(60) leads to the formation of a thermally stable zwitterionic Lewis acid-base adduct that is connected via a C-C single bond. Low-energy absorption bands with weak oscillator strengths similar to those of n-doped fullerenes were observed for the product, consistent with a net transfer of electron density to the C(60) core. Corroborating information was obtained using UV photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed that the adduct has an ionization potential ?1.5 eV lower than that of C(60). Density functional theory calculations showed that the C-C bond is polarized, with a total charge of +0.84e located on the NHC framework and -0.84e delocalized on the C(60) cage. The combination of reactivity, characterization, and theoretical studies demonstrates that fullerenes can behave as Lewis acids that react with C-based Lewis bases and that the overall process describes n-doping via C-C bond formation. PMID:21761908
Li, Huaping; Risko, Chad; Seo, Jung Hwa; Campbell, Casey; Wu, Guang; Br�das, Jean-Luc; Bazan, Guillermo C
Molecular basis for Lewis alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase gene deficiency (FUT3) found in Lewis-negative Indonesian pedigrees.
The Le(a) and Le(b) human blood group antigens are synthesized in tissues producing exocrine secretions; they also circulate in plasma, where they are adsorbed by erythrocytes. They are synthesized by two fucosyltransferases, encoded by Lewis (FUT3) and secretor (FUT2) loci. This genetic model has been challenged because some erythrocyte Lewis-negative individuals express Lewis antigens in saliva. To define the molecular basis of this apparent discrepancy, we sequenced FUT3 in Lewis-negative individuals. We identified two single base pair changes. One, termed L1, yields a Leu-20-->Arg substitution in the enzyme's transmembrane domain. When expressed in COS-7 cells, enzyme substrate affinities are essentially identical to those of wild type. However, the mutant enzyme is found at substantially reduced levels in transfected cells. This suggests that the L1 mutation may alter the Golgi membrane anchoring of the enzyme. It was found alone in double dose in 10 of 30 erythrocyte Lewis-negative individuals, nine of whom express Lewis antigens in saliva. Therefore, L1 can account for erythrocyte/saliva-discrepant Lewis typing results. The L2 mutation creates an Ile-356-->Lys change in the enzyme's catalytic domain and inactivates the enzyme. It was found in double dose in 18 of 19 individuals bearing the double erythrocyte and salivary Lewis deficiency and can account for this phenotype. PMID:8063716
Mollicone, R; Reguigne, I; Kelly, R J; Fletcher, A; Watt, J; Chatfield, S; Aziz, A; Cameron, H S; Weston, B W; Lowe, J B
Lewy pathology in the submandibular gland of individuals with incidental Lewy body disease and sporadic Parkinson�s disease
A retrospective autopsy-based study of the human submandibular gland, one of the three major salivary glands, together with\\u000a anatomically related peripheral structures (cervical superior ganglion, cervical sympathetic trunk, vagal nerve at the level\\u000a of the carotid bifurcation), was conducted on a cohort consisting of 33 individuals, including 9 patients with neuropathologically\\u000a confirmed Parkinson�s disease (PD), three individuals with incidental Lewy
Kelly Del Tredici; Christopher H. Hawkes; Estifanos Ghebremedhin; Heiko Braak
Seismic source identification and characterisation for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses conducted in the Buller�NW Nelson Region, South Island, New Zealand
A seismic source model is presented for use in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses to be conducted for sites within the\\u000a Buller�NW Nelson region of New Zealand. The application of common probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) methodology\\u000a for sites in this region has been complicated by the long-held suspicion that the observed rates of seismic activity are high\\u000a and not representative
Geology, hydrology, and water quality of the glacial drift aquifer in the vicinity of the Nelson landfill near Yorkville, Illinois
The geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the sand-and-gravel deposits that compose the glacial drift aquifer in the vicinity of the Nelson Landfill site in Yor-kville, Illinois indicate that the aquifer could be devel-oped as a source of public water supply. The geology of these deposits within the Newark Bedrock Valley is com-plex, however, and a detailed investigation of their water bearing and transmitting properties will be required to successfully locate high-capacity wells. Volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and cyanide were not detected in ground water during this investiga-tion. Metals and nitrogen compounds were not detected at concentrations above their Maximum Contaminant Level. Iron, manganese, and aluminum were detected at concentrations above their Secondary Maximum Con-taminant Level and various constituents were detected at concentrations above background levels downgradi-ent of the landfill. Nitrate and ammonia, presumably derived from agricultural practices, also were detected in samples from locations hydraulically upgradient of the landfill. Oxidation-reduction conditions in the aquifer become more reducing with depth. This change is reflected by a change in the type of nitrogen compound detected and the concentration of dissolved oxygen and iron in the glacial drift aquifer. Concentrations of some of the major ions and metals may be affected by disso-lution of carbonate minerals in the aquifer and perhaps road salts.
Kay, Robert T.
Gilbert Newton Lewis: his influence on physical-organic chemists at Berkeley
A review is presented of the historical contributions of Gilbert N. Lewis to science and a discussion of the influence of Lewis on the research of the members of the physical-organic staff at Berkeley, including Melvin Calvin, during the twenties, thirties and forties. Some specific examples are discussed. Also, the effect of Lewis, his science and administrative concepts in the creation of excellence in a department of chemistry are reviewed.
Calvin, M.
Recurrence risk after Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy for cancer
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of tumor recurrence for patients operated on for cancer of oesophagogastric junction or oesophagus by Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy. Methods Patients undergoing potentially curative Ivor-Lewis oesophageal resection between January 1999 to December 2008 at a single center institution were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical records, details of surgical procedure, postoperative course, pathological findings, recurrence and long term survival were reviewed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Results One hundred and twenty patients were analyzed. Fifty three patients (44%) presented recurrence during median follow-up of 58�months. Five-year relapse free survival (RFS) rate was 51% (95%CI?=?[46; 65%]). On multivariate analysis, pT stage?>?2 (HR?=?2.42, 95%CI?=?[1.22; 4.79] p?=?0.011), positive lymph node status (HR?=?3.69; 95% CI?=?[1.53; 8.96] p?=?0.004) and lymph node ratio?>?0.2 (HR?=?2.57; 95%CI?=?[1.38; 4.76] p?=?0.003) were associated with a poorer RFS and their combination was correlated to relapse risk. Moreover, preoperative tumor stenosis was associated with an increased risk of local recurrence (HR?=?3.46; 95% CI?=?[1.38; 8.70] p?=?0.008) whereas poor or undifferentiated tumor was associated with an increased risk of distant recurrence (HR?=?3.32; 95% CI?=?[1.03; 10.04] p?=?0.044). Conclusion pT stage?>?2, positive lymph node status and lymph node ratio?>?0.2 are independent prognostic factors of recurrence after Ivor-Lewis surgery for cancer. Their combination is correlated with an increasing risk of recurrence that may argue favorably, in addition with preoperative tumor stenosis assessment, for adjuvant treatment or reinforced follow-up.
Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: the Ivor Lewis approach.
Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is emerging as a potential alternative approach to standard minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). However, early reports vary widely in operative approach, method, and reporting of outcomes, including operative complications. A formal, prospective academic program to evaluate RAMIE was initiated at the authors' institution, with the primary goal of maximizing patient safety during the introduction of new technology into the operating room. The standardized RAMIE Ivor Lewis approach developed through this program is described in detail. The available literature is reviewed, with early reports suggesting outcomes similar to those of MIE and standard open esophagectomy. PMID:24780426
Sarkaria, Inderpal S; Rizk, Nabil P
Telecommuting (Work-At-Home) at NASA Lewis Research Center
This report presents a study in evaluating the viability of providing a work-at-home (telecommuting) program for Lewis Research Center's corporate employees using Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Case studies have been presented for a range of applications from casual data access to interactive access. The network performance of telemedia applications were studied against future requirements for such level of remote connectivity. Many of the popular ISDN devices were characterized for network and service functionality. A set of recommendations to develop a telecommuting policy have been proposed.
Srinidhi, Saragur M.
Lewis Structures Technology, 1988. Volume 2: Structural Mechanics
Lewis Structures Div. performs and disseminates results of research conducted in support of aerospace engine structures. These results have a wide range of applicability to practitioners of structural engineering mechanics beyond the aerospace arena. The engineering community was familiarized with the depth and range of research performed by the division and its academic and industrial partners. Sessions covered vibration control, fracture mechanics, ceramic component reliability, parallel computing, nondestructive evaluation, constitutive models and experimental capabilities, dynamic systems, fatigue and damage, wind turbines, hot section technology (HOST), aeroelasticity, structural mechanics codes, computational methods for dynamics, structural optimization, and applications of structural dynamics, and structural mechanics computer codes.
NASA Lewis advanced IPV nickel-hydrogen technology
Individual pressure vessel (IPV) nickel-hydrogen technology was advanced at NASA Lewis and under Lewis contracts. Some of the advancements are as follows: to use 26 percent potassium hydroxide electrolyte to improve cycle life and performance, to modify the state of the art cell design to eliminate identified failure modes and further improve cycle life, and to develop a lightweight nickel electrode to reduce battery mass, hence reduce launch and/or increase satellite payload. A breakthrough in the LEO cycle life of individual pressure vessel nickel-hydrogen battery cells was reported. The cycle life of boiler plate cells containing 26 percent KOH electrolyte was about 40,000 accelerated LEO cycles at 80 percent DOD compared to 3,500 cycles for cells containing 31 percent KOH. Results of the boiler plate cell tests have been validated at NWSC, Crane, Indiana. Forty-eight ampere-hour flight cells containing 26 and 31 percent KOH have undergone real time LEO cycle life testing at an 80 percent DOD, 10 C. The three cells containing 26 percent KOH failed on the average at cycle 19,500. The three cells containing 31 percent KOH failed on the average at cycle 6,400. Validation testing of NASA Lewis 125 Ah advanced design IPV nickel-hydrogen flight cells is also being conducted at NWSC, Crane, Indiana under a NASA Lewis contract. This consists of characterization, storage, and cycle life testing. There was no capacity degradation after 52 days of storage with the cells in the discharged state, on open circuit, 0 C, and a hydrogen pressure of 14.5 psia. The catalyzed wall wick cells have been cycled for over 22,694 cycles with no cell failures in the continuing test. All three of the non-catalyzed wall wick cells failed (cycles 9,588; 13,900; and 20,575). Cycle life test results of the Fibrex nickel electrode has demonstrated the feasibility of an improved nickel electrode giving a higher specific energy nickel-hydrogen cell. A nickel-hydrogen boiler plate cell using an 80 mil thick, 90 percent porous Fibrex nickel electrode has been cycled for 10,000 cycles at 40 percent DOD.
Smithrick, John J.; Britton, Doris L.
NASA Lewis H2-O2 MHD program
Performance and power costs of H2-O2 combustion powered steam-MHD central power systems are estimated. Hydrogen gas is assumed to be transmitted by pipe from a remote coal gasifier into the city and converted to electricity in a steam MHD plant having an integral gaseous oxygen plant. These steam MHD systems appear to offer an attractive alternative to both in-city clean fueled conventional steam power plants and to remote coal fired power plants with underground electric transmission into the city. Status and plans are outlined for an experimental evaluation of H2-O2 combustion-driven MHD power generators at NASA Lewis Research Center.
Smith, M.; Nichols, L. D.; Seikel, G. R.
NASA Lewis and Ohio Company Hit Hole in One
Ben Hogan Company's Golf Ball Division, which is based in Elyria, Ohio, had developed concepts and prototypes for new golf balls but was unable to determine exact performance characteristics. Specifically, the company's R&D department wanted to measure the spin rates of experimental golf balls. After the Golf Ball Division requested assistance, researchers and technicians from the NASA Lewis Research Center went to Elyria and conducted several days worth of tests. Ben Hogan is using the test results to improve the spin characteristics of a new ball it plans to introduce to the market.
A linearized approximate modified analogy theory of wet surface heat exchangers, was developed which predicts the effect of Lewis number more accurately, by introducing modified transfer coefficients, wet bulb depression and wet bulb temperature. A linear approximate model of wet surface heat exchangers is adopted and the equations of the model are rearranged with approximations to two independent sets of equations for modified wet bulb depression and temperature. Each set has been solved previously in published solutions for dry bulb temperature in dry surface heat exchangers, giving modified wet bulb and humidifying efficiencies. The humidifying and wet bulb efficiencies are then calculated using equations derived from the modified wet bulb depression and temperature definitions. An exact finite difference solution, of the basic equations has been used here and compared with the current theory. The comparison showed that for a cross-flow cooling tower and a evaporative cooler, the modified analogy theory is in better agreement for effective Lewis numbers between 0.50 and 3.0.
Zafar, Mubashar
Lewis number effect on the propagation of premixed laminar flames in narrow open ducts
The propagation of premixed laminar flames with different Lewis numbers in open ducts of circular cross-section is investigated numerically in a thermal-diffusive model. Ducts with adiabatic and cold isothermal walls are considered. The existence of multiple solutions in the case of an isothermal wall is demonstrated and a quenching radius is determined. When the Lewis number is less than unity
V. N. Kurdyumov; E. Fern�ndez-Tarrazo
The Lewis and Clark Expedition. The Constitution Community: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861).
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson guided a piece of foreign diplomacy through the U.S. Senate, the purchase of Louisiana territory from France. Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis, his personal secretary, who possessed frontiersman skills to explore the territory. Lewis, in turn, solicited the help of William Clark, whose abilities as a draftsman�
Perry, Douglas
Young adult-form of dementia with neurofibrillary changes and lewy bodies
Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies and chromatolytic neurons were found in the brain at autopsy of a 28-year-old male with pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, and severe dementia of 7-year duration prior to his death. Review of histological material showed generalized changes involving both cortical and subcortical structures. These changes were characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies and
E. R. Popovitch; H. M. Wisniewski; M. A. Kaufman; I. Grundke-Iqbal; G. Y. Wen
Brain Organochlorines and Lewy Pathology: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Background Although organochlorines have been reported more frequently in Parkinson�s disease (PD) brains than controls, the association with brain Lewy pathology is unknown. Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) participants, exposed to organochlorines from a variety of sources during mid-life, represent a population well suited to determine the relationship of brain organochlorines with Lewy pathology in decedents from the longitudinal HAAS. Methods Study design included the measurement of 21 organochlorine levels in frozen occipital lobe samples from HAAS decedents. Alpha-synuclein immunostaining performed on 225 brains was used to identify Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Results With the potential for spurious associations to appear between Lewy pathology and 17 organochlorine compounds found to be present in at least one brain, initial assessments identified heptachlor epoxide isomer b, methoxychlor, and benzene hexachloride b as being most important. Prevalence of Lewy pathology was 75% (6/8) among brains with any 2 of the 3 compounds, 48.8% (79/162) among those with 1, and 32.7% (18/55) for those with neither (P=0.007 test for trend). While findings persisted after removing cases with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies, and when adjustments were made for age at death, body mass index, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and coffee intake (p=0.013), results were insignificant when correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions While consistent with earlier accounts of an association between organochlorines and clinical PD, associations with Lewy pathology warrant further study.
Ross, G. Webster; Duda, John E.; Abbott, Robert D.; Pellizzari, Edo; Petrovitch, Helen; Miller, Diane B.; O'Callaghan, James P.; Tanner, Caroline M.; Noorigian, Joseph V.; Masaki, Kamal; Launer, Lenore; White, Lon R.
Oral Interpretation of C.S. Lewis'"Narnia Tales": A Refracting of "Pictures."
"The Chronicles of Narnia" are a series of seven fairy tales written by C.S. Lewis that have become popular with both children and adults. Lewis points to five aspects of the fairy tale form that made the form suitable for expressing the images he saw. The aspects are: (1) no love interest; (2) no close psychology; (3) severe restraints on�
Keefe, Carolyn
The First Confirmed Case of Down Syndrome with Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second commonest cause of dementia in the general population. Several researches have established an association between Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease. Very few studies have however showed such an association between dementia with Lewy bodies and Down syndrome. The occurrence of DLB in persons�
Prasher, V. P.; Airuehia, E.; Carey, M.
Halogen bond with the multivalent halogen acting as the Lewis acid center
The halogen bond in complexes of BrF3 and BrF5 is analyzed where the trivalent and pentavalent bromine centers interact as the Lewis acid with the nitrogen Lewis base centers of HCN and N2 molecules as well as with the F-, Cl- and Br- anions. The halogen bonds analyzed here possess characteristics typical for other interactions as for example for the hydrogen bond or the halogen bond with the monovalent halogen center. However there are differences; the whole sphere of the multivalent Br-center is characterized by the positive electrostatic potential thus it acts as the Lewis acid, while the halogen monovalent atoms are usually characterized by the dual character since they may act simultaneously as the Lewis acid and as the Lewis base. The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules and the Natural Bond Orbital method are applied here.
Grabowski, S?awomir J.
Ransom, Religion, and Red Giants: C.S. Lewis and Fred Hoyle
Famed fantasy writer C.S. Lewis (1898-1963) was known to friends as a well-read astronomy aficionado. However, this medieval scholar and Christian apologist embraced a pre-Copernican universe (with its astrological overtones) in his Chronicles of Narnia series and defended the beauty and relevance of the geocentric model in his final academic work, "The Discarded Image". In the "Ransom Trilogy� ("Out of the Silent Planet", "Perelandra", and "That Hideous Strength") philologist Ransom (loosely based on Lewis's close friend J.R.R. Tolkien) travels to Lewis's visions of Mars and Venus, where he interacts with intelligent extraterrestrials, battles with evil scientists, and aids in the continuation of extraterrestrial Christian values. In the final book, Ransom is joined by a handful of colleagues in open warfare against the satanic N.I.C.E. (National Institute for Coordinated Experiments). Geneticist and evolutionary biologist J.B.S. Haldane criticized Lewis for his scientifically inaccurate descriptions of the planets, and his disdain for the scientific establishment. Lewis responded to the criticism in essays of his own. Another of Lewis's favorite scientific targets was atheist Fred Hoyle, whom he openly criticized for anti-Christian statements in Hoyle's BBC radio series. Writer and Lewis friend Dorothy L. Sayers voiced her own criticism of Hoyle. In a letter, Lewis dismissed Hoyle as "not a great philosopher (and none of my scientific colleagues think much of him as a scientist.� Given Lewis's lack of respect for Hoyle, and use of creative license in describing the planets, and the flat-earth, "geocentric� Narnia, it is surprising that Lewis very carefully includes an astronomically correct description of red giants in two novels in the Narnia series ("The Magician's Nephew" and "The Last Battle"). This inclusion is even more curious given that Fred Hoyle is well-known as one of the pioneers in the field of stellar death and the properties of red giants.
Larsen, Kristine
A new species of Anomiopsyllus Baker, 1904 (Insecta: Siphonaptera), and noteworthy records of fleas from Nelson's woodrat, Neotoma nelsoni (Rodentia: Cricetidae), in the Oriental Basin, Mexico.
We report the first record of ectoparasites from Nelson's woodrat, Neotoma nelsoni, a rare, endemic mammal of east-central Mexico. We also describe a new flea species of Anomiopsyllus (A. perontesis n. sp.), which presents a complete row of bristles on sternum IX and 3 blunt spines on movable process; provide a new country record for the flea Stenistomera alpina (Baker, 1985); and report a new host record for the flea Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood, 1875). A taxonomic key for the new species is included. PMID:20050053
Acosta, Roxana; Fern�ndez, Jes�s A
[Nelson Rockefeller and the activities of the American International Association for Economic and Social Development: the debate concerning mission and imperialism in Brazil, 1946-1961].
The article analyzes the bibliography on Nelson Rockefeller and the activities of the American International Association for Economic and Social Development in Brazil. It describes optimistic interpretations of Rockefeller's and the association's work, as well as the nationalist stream of thought, which characterized him as one of the chief representatives of U.S. imperialism, both as a political representative in the 1960s and as the mind behind endeavors of interest to the private sector. It is shown that at the individual and agency levels alike, these initiatives involved direct ties to the local elites, who influenced the reshaping and operationalization of technical cooperation projects. PMID:24473658
Silva, Claiton Marcio da
Investigation of pond velocities using dye and small drogues: a case study of the Nelson City waste stabilisation pond.
The city of Nelson, New Zealand, has a 27 hectare oxidation pond as its primary wastewater treatment facility. Recent changes in the configuration of the pond and installation of a mixer/aerator raised concerns that pond treatment rates and effluent quality may be affected by high internal pond velocities and short retention times. This paper presents the findings of an investigation into wastewater velocity and movement within the pond using qualitative dye dispersion and tracking of small-scale "holey-sock" drogues. Simultaneous deployment of drogues and dye allowed methods to be compared, since small-scale drogues have not commonly been used in wastewater ponds. Dye dispersion was assessed using low-level aerial photography from a tethered helium blimp to track short term movement and mixing, while a datalogger and fluorometer were used to measure pond retention time. Drogue movement was tracked in conjunction with the dye study from a small boat using hand-held GPS. The dye study found that: (i) the first portion of pond influent discharged from the pond after 37.5 hours, substantially quicker than the theoretical pond retention time of 27 days. However, the measured retention time was with a mixer in place and the theoretical time was without a mixer; (ii) the position of the paddle wheel mixer/aerator was not optimally placed for mixing the influent and a quiescent region existed adjacent to the influent point; and (iii) the low-level aerial photography was an effective method of evaluating larger pond systems. The "holey-sock" drogue studies showed that: (i) the drogues accurately followed the movement and velocity of dyed influent within the pond; (ii) wastewater velocity and movement was dominated by the paddle wheel mixer/aerator; and (iii) wind direction had a minor influence on wastewater velocity and movement in areas not directly affected by the paddle wheel mixer/aerator. The study demonstrated that the combined use of dye and drogues was a relatively low-cost and effective means of determining internal pond velocities and movement. Future studies using similar methods will be useful in helping validate computer-modelled movement and velocity. PMID:14510205
Barter, P J
NASA Lewis Propulsion Systems Laboratory customer guide manual
This manual describes the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) at NASA Lewis Research Center. The PSL complex supports two large engine test cells (PSL-3 and PSL-4) that are capable of providing flight simulation to altitudes of 70,000 ft. Facility variables at the engine or test-article inlet, such as pressure, temperature, and Mach number (up to 3.0 for PSL-3 and up to 6.0 planned for PSL-4), are discussed. Support systems such as the heated and cooled combustion air systems; the altitude exhaust system; the hydraulic system; the nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen systems; hydrogen burners; rotating screen assemblies; the engine exhaust gas-sampling system; the infrared imaging system; and single- and multiple-axis thrust stands are addressed. Facility safety procedures are also stated.
Soeder, Ronald H.
NASA Lewis Research Center Workshop on Forced Response in Turbomachinery
A summary of the NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) Workshop on Forced Response in Turbomachinery in August, 1993 is presented. It was sponsored by the following NASA organizations: Structures, Space Propulsion Technology, and Propulsion Systems Divisions of NASA LeRC and the Aeronautics and Advanced Concepts & Technology Offices of NASA Headquarters. In addition, the workshop was held in conjunction with the GUIde (Government/Industry/Universities) Consortium on Forced Response. The workshop was specifically designed to receive suggestions and comments from industry on current research at NASA LeRC in the area of forced vibratory response of turbomachinery blades which includes both computational and experimental approaches. There were eight presentations and a code demonstration. Major areas of research included aeroelastic response, steady and unsteady fluid dynamics, mistuning, and corresponding experimental work.
Stefko, George L. (compiler); Murthy, Durbha V. (compiler); Morel, Michael (compiler); Hoyniak, Dan (compiler); Gauntner, Jim W. (compiler)
Human Intestinal M Cells Display the Sialyl Lewis A Antigen
The biochemical features that distinguish human M cells from other intestinal epithelial cell types are important for understanding microbial pathogenesis and for targeting vaccines to the mucosal immune system. We applied a large panel of carbohydrate-specific monoclonal antibodies and lectins to Peyer�s patch and cecum biopsy specimens from three normal individuals and a patient with inflammatory bowel disease. The results show that human M-cell glycosylation patterns are distinct from those of other species examined and that human M cells preferentially display the sialyl Lewis A antigen. This carbohydrate epitope is also present in a small subpopulation of enterocytes in the follicle-associated epithelium and in goblet cell mucins.
Giannasca, Paul J.; Giannasca, Karen T.; Leichtner, Alan M.; Neutra, Marian R.
Transport coefficients for the NASA Lewis Chemical Equilibrium Program
The new transport property data that will be used in the NASA Lewis Research Center`s Chemical Equilibrium and Applications Program (CEA) is presented. It complements a previous publication that documented the thermodynamic and transport property data then in use. Sources of the data and a brief description of the method by which the data were obtained are given. Coefficients to calculate the viscosity, thermal conductivity, and binary interactions are given for either one, or usually, two temperature intervals, typically 300 to 1000 K and 1000 to 5000 K. The form of the transport equation is the same as used previously. The number of species was reduced from the previous database. Many species for which the data were estimated were eliminated from the database. Some ionneutral interactions were added.
Svehla, R.A.
Radio frequency studies in the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus
The fluctuations in potential of the plasma in the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus are observed using capacitive probes over frequencies from 1 kHz to 25 MHz and a wide range of operating conditions. The spectra are found to differ greatly above and below a background gas pressure of .000034 torr deuterium. Above this pressure, the spectrum is dominated by the ion spoke frequency and a spectral index may be defined. Below this pressure, the spectrum below 200 kHz is lower in amplitude by a factor of ten and no spectral index can be defined. At these lower pressures, fluctuations appearing to be ion spokes are observed, but have a dependence of frequency on operating conditions which is previously unreported.
Gerdin, G. A.
Lower hybrid emission diagnostics on the NASA Lewis bumpy torus
The feasibility of using RF emission near the lower hybrid frequency of the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus plasma for diagnostic purposes is examined. The emission is detected using a spectrum analyzer and a 50 omega miniature coaxial antenna that is sensitive to the polarization of the incoming signal. The frequency shift of the lower hybrid emission peak is monitored as a function of the background pressure, electrode voltage, electrode ring configuration and the strength of the toroidal dc magnetic field. Simultaneous measurements of the average plasma density are made with a polarization diplexing microwave interferometer. Data derived from the experiment are discussed with reference to the following: (1) the strength of the dc magnetic field in the emitting region; (2) comparison of the lower hybrid plasma density with the average plasma density; and (3) validity of the cold plasma lower hybrid resonance formula in the high density operating regime of the bumpy torus plasma.
Mallavarpu, R.
Initial results from the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus experiment
Initial results are given for low power operation of the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus experiment in which a steady-state ion heating method based on a modified Penning discharge is applied to a bumpy torus confinement geometry. The magnet facility consists of 12 superconducting coils capable of 3.0 T each and equally spaced in a toroidal array 1.52 m in major diameter. A 18 cm i.d. anode ring is located at each of the 12 midplanes and is maintained at high positive potentials by a dc power supply. Initial observations indicate electron temperatures from 10 to 150 eV, and ion kinetic temperatures from 200 eV to 1200 eV. Two modes of operation with different radial density profiles can be achieved, depending on the background pressure applied.
Roth, J. R.; Richardson, R. W.; Gerdin, G. A.
The NASA Lewis integrated propulsion and flight control simulator
A new flight simulation facility was developed at NASA-Lewis. The purpose of this flight simulator is to allow integrated propulsion control and flight control algorithm development and evaluation in real time. As a preliminary check of the simulator facility capabilities and correct integration of its components, the control design and physics models for a short take-off and vertical landing fighter aircraft model were shown, with their associated system integration and architecture, pilot vehicle interfaces, and display symbology. The initial testing and evaluation results show that this fixed based flight simulator can provide real time feedback and display of both airframe and propulsion variables for validation of integrated flight and propulsion control systems. Additionally, through the use of this flight simulator, various control design methodologies and cockpit mechanizations can be tested and evaluated in a real time environment.
Bright, Michelle M.; Simon, Donald L.
Transport Coefficients for the NASA Lewis Chemical Equilibrium Program
The new transport property data that will be used in the NASA Lewis Research Center's Chemical Equilibrium and Applications Program (CEA) is presented. It complements a previous publication that documented the thermodynamic and transport property data then in use. Sources of the data and a brief description of the method by which the data were obtained are given. Coefficients to calculate the viscosity, thermal conductivity, and binary interactions are given for either one, or usually, two temperature intervals, typically 300 to 1000 K and 1000 to 5000 K. The form of the transport equation is the same as used previously. The number of species was reduced from the previous database. Many species for which the data were estimated were eliminated from the database. Some ionneutral interactions were added.
Svehla, Roger A.
Update on results of SPRE testing at NASA Lewis
The Space Power Research Engine (SPRE), a free-piston Stirling engine with a linear alternator, is being tested at NASA Lewis Research Center as part of the Civilian Space Technology Initiative (CSTI) as a candidate for high capacity space power. Results are presented from recent SPRE tests designed to investigated the effects of variation in the displacer seal clearance and piston centering port area on engine performance and dynamics. The impact of these variations on PV power and efficiency are presented. Comparisons of the displacer seal clearance tests results with HFAST code predictions show good agreement for PV power, but show poor agreement for PV efficiency. Correlations are presented relating the piston midstroke position to the dynamic Delta P across the piston and the centering port area. Test results indicate that a modest improvement in PV power and efficiency may be realized with a reduction in piston centering port area.
Cairelli, James E.; Swec, Diane M.; Wong, Wayne A.; Doeberling, Thomas J.; Madi, Frank J.
Lewis Carroll and psychoanalysis: why nothing adds up in wonderland.
Each generation of psychoanalyst has found different things to value and sometimes to censure in Lewis Carroll's remarkable fiction and flights of fancy. But what does Carroll's almost 'surrealist' perspective in the Alice stories tell us about the rituals and symbols that govern life beyond Wonderland and Looking-Glass World? Arguing that Carroll's strong interest in meaning and nonsense in these and later works helps make the world strange to readers, the better to show it off-kilter, this essay focuses on Jacques Lacan's Carroll - the writer-logician who stressed, as Lacan did, the difficulty and price of adapting to the symbolic order. By reconsidering Lacan's 1966 homage to the eccentric Victorian, I argue that Carroll's insight into meaning and interpretation remains of key interest to psychoanalysts intent on hearing all that he had to say about psychic life. PMID:21843247
Lane, Christopher
Magnetic-field measurements for the Lewis Research Center cyclotron
The magnetic field of the Lewis Center cyclotron was mapped by using a Hall-effect magnetic-field transducer. Main-field Fourier coefficients were determined on a polar mesh of 40 radii for each of seven levels of main-field coil current. Incremental fields for eight sets of trim coils and two sets of harmonic coils were also determined at four of these main-field levels. A stored-program, digital computer was used to perform the measurements. The process was entirely automatic; all data-taking and data-reduction activities were specified by the computer programs. A new method for temperature compensation of a Hall element was used. This method required no temperature control of the element. Measurements of the Hall voltage and Hall-element resistance were sufficient to correct for temperature effects.
Fessler, T. E.
The NASA Lewis Research Center SBIR program: An assessment
An assessment was made of the NASA Lewis Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program for the years 1983 to 1989. The assessment was based on the study of 99 Phase 1 contracts and 39 Phase 2 contracts. The overall impact of SBIR was found to be very positive, contributing strongly to many NASA programs. In addition, many successful efforts were commercialized benefiting the small business, federal agencies, and the aerospace industry. The program was evaluated in terms of contract quality, innovativeness, comparison to the state-of-the-art, achievement of goals, difficulty, and impact. Program difficulties were also identified, which could suggest possible program improvements. Much of the information gained in this assessment provided a basis for a SBIR data base which will be updated every year. This data base is computerized and will provide an excellent source of information about past SBIR efforts and company capabilities.
Grimes, Hubert H.; Metzger, Marie E.; Kim, Walter S.
Materials research and applications at NASA Lewis Research Center
The facilities and instruments of the Lewis Research Center specialized for materials research are discussed. The main objectives of the Center are to provide R & D relevant to main propulsion plants and auxiliary power systems for aeronautics, space, and energy conversion applications. The Center is concerned with microstructure-property relations and their effect on processing; intermetallic compounds and high temperature metal matrix composites; ceramics with improved reliability for use in heat engines; polymer matrix composites for aerospace applcations; understanding the high temperature corrosive attack in the hostile environments of aircraft, rockets, and other heat engines; high temperature lubrication and wear; and microgravity materials research. The various types of schemes and techniques, provided by the Center, for analyzing data are described.
Probst, H. B.
Columbia River Fishes of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark expedition crossed the Continental Divide in 1805 on the way west to the Pacific Ocean. Based on journal entries, members of the expedition probably encountered two species of resident salmonids and four of the six species of anadromous salmonids and steelhead (Family Salmonidae, genus Oncorhynchus). The salmonid species were called common salmon (now known as Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha), red char (sockeye salmon O.nerka) white salmon trout (coho salmon [also known as silver salmon] O. kisutch), salmon trout (steelhead O. mykiss), and spotted trout (cutthroat trout O. clarkii). There was no evidence of the expedition encountering pink salmon O. gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, or species of true char Salvelinus spp. Common fishes procured from Indian tribes living along the lower Columbia River included eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus and white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. The identity of three additional resident freshwater species is questionable. Available descriptions suggest that what they called mullet were largescale sucker Catastomus macrocheilus, and that chubb were peamouth Mylocheilus caurinus. The third questionable fish, which they called bottlenose, was probably mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni, although there is no evidence that the species was observed in the Columbia River drainage. Missing from the species list were more than 20 other fishes known to Sahaptin-speaking people from the mid-Columbia region. More complete documentation of the icthyofauna of the Pacific Northwest region did not occur until the latter half of the 19th century. However, journals from the Lewis and Clark expedition provide the first documentation of Columbia River fishes.
Dauble, Dennis D.
The authors have previously found an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in men with the Lewis phenotype Le(a[minus]b[minus]) and suggested that the Lewis blood group has a close genetic relation with insulin resistance. The authors have investigated whether any conventional risk factors explain the increased risk in Le(a[minus]b[minus]) men. 3,383 men aged 53-75 years were examined in 1985-86, and morbidity and mortality during the next 4 years were recorded. At baseline, the authors excluded 343 men with a history of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, intermittent claudication, or stroke. The potential risk factors examined were alcohol consumption, physical activity, tobacco smoking, serum cotinine, serum lipids, body-mass index, blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and social class. In 280 (9.6%) men with Le(a[minus]b[minus]), alcohol was the only risk factor significantly associated with risk of IHD. There was a significant inverse dose-effect relation between alcohol consumption and risk; trend tests, with adjustment for age, were significant for fatal IHD (p=0.02), all IHD (p=0.03), and all causes of death (p=0.02). In 2649 (90.4%) men with other phenotypes, there was a limited negative association with alcohol consumption. In Le(a[minus]b[minus]) men, a group genetically at high risk of IHD, alcohol consumption seems to be especially protective. The authors suggest that alcohol consumption may modify insulin resistance in Le(a[minus]b[minus]) men.
Hein, H.O.; Suadicani, P.; Gyntelberg, F. (Rigshospitalet State Univ. Hospital, Copenhagen (Denmark). Epidemiological Research Unit); Sorenson, H. (Rigshospitalet State Univ. Hospital, Copenhagen (Denmark). Dept. of Chemical Immunology); Hein, H.O. (Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). Dept. of Internal Medicine)
Mars Pathfinder Rover-Lewis Research Center Technology Experiments Program
An overview of NASA's Mars Pathfinder Program is given and the development and role of three technology experiments from NASA's Lewis Research Center and carried on the Mars Pathfinder rover is described. Two recent missions to Mars were developed and managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and launched late last year: Mars Global Surveyor in November 1996 and Mars Pathfinder in December 1996. Mars Global Surveyor is an orbiter which will survey the planet with a number of different instruments, and will arrive in September 1997, and Mars Pathfinder which consists of a lander and a small rover, landing on Mars July 4, 1997. These are the first two missions of the Mars Exploration Program consisting of a ten year series of small robotic martian probes to be launched every 26 months. The Pathfinder rover will perform a number of technology and operational experiments which will provide the engineering information necessary to design and operate more complex, scientifically oriented surface missions involving roving vehicles and other machinery operating in the martian environment. Because of its expertise in space power systems and technologies, space mechanisms and tribology, Lewis Research Center was asked by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is heading the Mars Pathfinder Program, to contribute three experiments concerning the effects of the martian environment on surface solar power systems and the abrasive qualities of the Mars surface material. In addition, rover static charging was investigated and a static discharge system of several fine Tungsten points was developed and fixed to the rover. These experiments and current findings are described herein.
Stevenson, Steven M.
Juvenile cannabinoid treatment induces frontostriatal gliogenesis in Lewis rats.
Cannabis abuse in adolescence is associated with a broad array of phenotypical consequences, including a higher risk for schizophrenia and other mental disturbances related to dopamine (DA) imbalances. The great variability of these sequelae likely depends on the key influence of diverse genetic vulnerability factors. Inbred rodent strains afford a highly informative tool to study the contribution of genetic determinants to the long-term effects of juvenile cannabinoid exposure. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypical impact of the synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN; 2mg/kg/day from postnatal day 35-48) in adolescent Lewis rats, an inbred strain exhibiting resistance to psychotomimetic effects of environmental manipulations. At the end of this treatment, WIN-injected animals displayed increased survival of new cells (mainly oligodendroglia precursors) in the striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC), two key terminal fields of DAergic pathways. To test whether these changes may be associated with enduring behavioral alterations, we examined the consequences of adolescent WIN treatment in adulthood (postnatal days 60-70), with respect to DA levels and metabolism as well as multiple behavioral paradigms. Rats injected with WIN exhibited increased turnover, but not levels, of striatal DA. In addition, cannabinoid-treated animals displayed increases in acoustic startle latency and novel-object exploration; however, WIN treatment failed to induce overt deficits of sensorimotor gating and social interaction. These results indicate that, in Lewis rats, juvenile cannabinoid exposure leads to alterations in frontostriatal gliogenesis, as well as select behavioral alterations time-locked to high DAergic metabolism, but not overt schizophrenia-related deficits. PMID:24630433
Bortolato, Marco; Bini, Valentina; Frau, Roberto; Devoto, Paola; Pardu, Alessandra; Fan, Yijun; Solbrig, Marylou V
Unified Staging System for Lewy Body Disorders: Correlation with Nigrostriatal Degeneration, Cognitive Impairment and Motor Dysfunction
The two current major staging systems in use for Lewy body disorders fail to classify up to 50% of subjects. Both systems do not allow for large numbers of subjects who have Lewy-type ?-synucleinopathy (LTS) confined to the olfactory bulb or who pass through a limbic-predominant pathway that at least initially bypasses the brainstem. The results of the current study, based on examination of a standard set of 10 brain regions from 417 subjects stained immunohistochemically for ?-synuclein, suggest a new staging system that, in this study, allows for the classification of all subjects with Lewy body disorders. The autopsied subjects included elderly subjects with Parkinson�s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, incidental Lewy body disease and Alzheimer�s disease with Lewy bodies, as well as comparison groups without Lewy bodies. All subjects were classifiable into one of the following stages: I. Olfactory Bulb Only; IIa Brainstem Predominant; IIb Limbic Predominant; III Brainstem and Limbic; IV Neocortical. Progression of subjects through these stages was accompanied by a generally stepwise worsening in terms of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase concentration, substantia nigra pigmented neuron loss score, Mini Mental State Examination score and score on the Unified Parkinson�s Disease Rating Scale Part 3. Additionally there were significant correlations between these measures and LTS density scores. It is suggested that the proposed staging system would improve on its predecessors by allowing classification of a much greater proportion of cases.
Beach, Thomas G; Adler, Charles H; Lue, LihFen; Sue, Lucia I; Bachalakuri, Jyothi; Henry-Watson, Jonette; Sasse, Jeanne; Boyer, Sarah; Shirohi, Scophil; Brooks, Reed; Eschbacher, Jennifer; White, Charles L; Akiyama, Haru; Caviness, John; Shill, Holly A; Connor, Donald J; Sabbagh, Marwan N; Walker, Douglas G.
A seismic source model is presented for use in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses to be conducted for sites within the Buller NW Nelson region of New Zealand. The application of common probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) methodology for sites in this region has been complicated by the long-held suspicion that the observed rates of seismic activity are high and not representative of long-term earthquake activity. However, recent analyses of geological, seismicity and geodetic data indicate that the extent of this anomaly may have been overestimated and that current rates of seismic activity within this region are likely to continue into the foreseeable future. Probable bounds for the most appropriate long-term rates of seismic activity are estimated after considering all available sources of constraint. These include geodetic analyses, plate-motion modelling, finite element modelling, structural geological considerations, paleoseismic information, tree-ring analyses, precarious rock information, observed seismicity and fundamental mechanics. A suite of fault sources is identified, and the observed seismicity is partitioned between these sources and a background source using Bayesian inference, and then analysed to obtain a magnitude frequency distribution for each seismic source. The annual moment release rate for the region, resulting from the identified and characterised sources, is shown to be consistent with available constraints. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the observed seismicity in the Buller NW Nelson region can be used to model future earthquake occurrence within the region and that standard PSHA may therefore be implemented within the region.
Stafford, Peter J.; Pettinga, Jarg R.; Berrill, John B.
Anosmia in dementia is associated with Lewy bodies rather than Alzheimer's pathology
OBJECTIVES�To assess olfactory function of patients with dementia. Odour detection ability is impaired in clinical Parkinson's disease. Evidence of impaired detection in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease is inconsistent. No studies of olfaction have been neuropathologically validated.?METHODS�The olfactory function of 92 patients with dementia and 94 controls was assessed using a simple bedside test as part of the Oxford Project To Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA). Neuropathological assessment was made of cortical Lewy bodies and substantia nigra (SN) cell counts and of Alzheimer's disease in all 92 patients, 22 of whom had SN Lewy bodies and 43 of whom had only Alzheimer's disease.?RESULTS�Patients with Lewy bodies were more likely to be anosmic than those with Alzheimer's disease or controls. Patients with Alzheimer's disease were not more likely to be anosmic than controls. Nor was anosmia associated with degree of neurofibrillary tangles, as assessed by Braak stage. Among subjects with Lewy bodies, overall cortical Lewy body scores and Lewy body density in the cingulate were higher in those who were anosmic. Consensus clinical criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 89%. In the absence of definite Alzheimer's disease, the criteria had sensitivity of 100%. In patients with definite Alzheimer's disease, anosmia was slightly more sensitive (55%) than the consensus criteria (33%). However, the addition of anosmia to the consensus criteria did not improve their overall performance.?CONCLUSION�Dementia with Lewy bodies is associated with impaired odour detection. Misdiagnosis may have accounted for some previous reports of impaired odour detection in Alzheimer's disease. Simple but more sensitive tests of anosmia are required if they are to be clinically useful in identifying patients with dementia with Lewy bodies.??
McShane, R; Nagy, Z; Esiri, M; King, E; Joachim, C; Sullivan, N; Smith, A
A mechanistic study of the lewis base-directed cycloaddition of 2-pyrones and alkynylboranes.
Significant rate enhancements in the Diels-Alder reaction of alkynes and 2-pyrones bearing a Lewis basic group are observed when a combination of alkynyltrifluoroborates and BF3�OEt2 is used. This process generates functionalized aromatic compounds with complete regiocontrol. The observed rate enhancement was studied by density functional theory methods and appears to originate from coordination of the diene substrate to a mixture of alkynylborane intermediates, followed by a Lewis acid-mediated product equilibration step. Evidence for this mechanism is presented, as is the enhanced promotion of the cycloaddition via the use of alternative Lewis acid promoters. PMID:24853330
Cr�pin, Damien F P; Harrity, Joseph P A; Jiang, Julong; Meijer, Anthony J H M; Nassoy, Anne-Chlo� M A; Raubo, Piotr
Plans and status of the NASA-Lewis Research Center wind energy project
This report describes that portion of the national five-year wind energy program that is being managed by the NASA-Lewis Research Center for the ERDA. The Lewis Research Center's Wind Power Office, its organization and plans and status are briefly described. The three major elements of the wind energy project at Lewis are the experimental 100 kW wind-turbine generator; the first generation industry-built and user-operated wind turbine generators; and the supporting research and technology tasks which are each briefly described.
Thomas, R.; Puthoff, R.; Savino, J.; Johnson, W.
Reaction of an "invisible" frustrated N/B Lewis pair with dihydrogen.
D-(+)-Camphor forms the enamine 2 with piperidine. Compound 2 adds HB(C(6)F(5))(2) at the enamine carbon atom C3 to form a Lewis acid/Lewis base adduct (exo-/endo-isomers of 3). Exposure of 3 to dihydrogen (2.5 bar, room temperature) leads to heterolytic splitting of H(2) to form the H(+)/H(-) addition products (4, two diastereoisomers) of the "invisible" frustrated Lewis pairs (5, two diastereoisomers) that were apparently generated in situ by enamine hydroboration under equilibrium conditions. PMID:23109376
Schwendemann, Sina; Oishi, Shunsuke; Saito, Susumu; Fr�hlich, Roland; Kehr, Gerald; Erker, Gerhard
Survey on Cosmogenic 26Al in Lewis Cliff Meteorites
INTRODUCTION: We have embarked upon a ^26Al gamma-ray survey of meteorites selected from about 2000 samples recently recovered from the Lewis Cliff Ice Fields (84 degrees 18'S/161 degrees 20'E). Due to its 705-ka half-life ^26Al can be used for estimating terrestrial ages and thus contribute to further characterization of Antarctic meteorites in addition to their classification and thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The ^26Al survey is also useful for identifying meteorites with unusual exposure histories, which merit additional measurements of cosmogenic radionuclides (by AMS) and noble gases. In addition, it provides clues on possible pairings. METHOD: Low-level gamma-ray spectroscopy is well suited for ^26Al survey work, since bulk meteorite samples can be measured routinely and nondestructively without any previous sample preparation. The required size of the samples (30-500 g) makes the method relatively independent of depth effects and compositional inhomogeneities. The use of a high-resolution GeLi detector also allows the determination of the natural ^40K activity and thus the K content of the samples, which can be used as an additional pairing criterion for ordinary chondrites. Also ^137Cs, a fall-out surface contamination [1], is simultaneously measured; low values may be characteristic for meteorites recently fallen or released from the ablating ice. For the detector an efficiency calibration curve has been made that adequately accounts for differences in size and shape of the meteorite samples. RESULTS and DISCUSSION: TERRESTRIAL AGES: So far, we have measured over 30 Lewis Cliff equilibrated H and L chondrites, collected from widely differing locations. Normalized to L-chondrite composition, the ^26Al contents range from 27 to 110 dpm/kg with peaks around 43 and 53 dpm/kg. This bimodal ^26Al distribution is reminiscent of that observed for Allan Hills ordinary chondrites [2]. Tentative terrestrial ages, calculated on the basis of ^26Al saturation levels of 56 +- 7 and 60 +- 7 for H and L chondrites, respectively [3], range up to 800 ka with an average of about 290 ka. Altogether this may indicate that the Lewis Cliff blue-ice region is a relatively old meteorite stranding area. This is supported by preliminary conclusions based on ^36Cl, measured in 8 Lewis Cliff meteorites [4]. However, it is likely that some of our terrestrial ages have been overestimated due to (i) lower ^26Al saturation values for meteorites with preatmospheric radii less than 20 cm [3] and (ii) low exposure ages, resulting in initial ^26Al levels below 90-95% of the saturation level. These effects make individual terrestrial age determinations solely based on ^26Al content speculative as long as additional cosmogenic nuclide data are lacking. Dramatic changes in the overall picture are not expected, because (i) we have measured relatively large samples with an average recovered weight of about 500 g (one 11-kg sample excluded) and (ii) anomalously low exposure ages occur in about only 5% of the cases [5,6]. Possible correlations between terrestrial age and place of find will be discussed. UNUSUAL EXPOSURE HISTORIES: We excluded samples with extremely low NTL (<1 krad) from the above discussion, because these may have been exposed to high SCR-fluxes due to smallperihelia orbits (<0.7 A.U.) [7]. This hypothesis is supported by LEW 87169 and 87143, which have extremely low NTL-values in combination with high ^26Al contents. PAIRING CRITERIA: In order to impose additional constraints on pairing possibilities we critically used--besides classification, location of find and TL-properties--the cosmogenic ^26Al and also the natural ^40K content of ordinary chondrites. As an example we will show that the 15 measured Lewis Cliff L6 chondrites are representing at least 10 separate falls. Acknowledgements. This work was performed with financial support from the "Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek" (NWO). References: 1. Komura K. et al. (1982) Mem. NIPR Spec. Issue 25, 178-187; 2. Evans J.C. and Reeves J.H. (1
Welten, K. C.; Alderliesten, C.; Lindner, L.
An in vitro investigation to compare the surface roughness of auto glazed, reglazed and chair side polished surfaces of Ivoclar and Vita feldspathic porcelain.
The change in surface roughness after different surface finishing techniques has attracted the attention of several prosthodontists regarding wear of opposing teeth or restorative material and the strength; plaque retention and appearance of the restoration. However, there is considerable controversy concerning the best methods to achieve the smoothest and strongest porcelain restorations after chair side clinical adjustments. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the average surface roughness of a self-glazed surface, a chair side polished surface and a reglazed surface of ceramic. Two feldspathic porcelain, namely VITA VMK94 (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sachingen, Germany) and IVOCLAR CLASSIC (Vivadent AG, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein) were selected to fabricate 20 specimens of each in the shape of shade guide tabs. A medium-grit diamond rotary cutting instrument was used to remove the glaze layer, and then the surface of half the specimens were re-glazed and the other half were polished using a well-defined sequence of polishing comprising of: Shofu porcelain polishing system, White gloss disc/polishing wheel, Silicone cone with diamond polishing paste and finally with small buff wheel with pumice slurry. The surface roughness (Ra) (?m) of the specimens was evaluated using a profilometer and scanning electron microscope. The data were statistically analyzed by using Student's t test. The results had shown that there is no statistically significant difference both quantitatively and qualitatively, between the surface roughness of reglazed and chair-side polished surface. In addition, both reglazed and chair-side polished surfaces are better than the autoglazed surface. Within all the groups, there is no significant difference between companies. Polishing an adjusted porcelain surface with the suggested sequence of polishing will lead to a finish similar to a re-glazed surface. Therefore chair-side polishing can be a good alternative to reglazing for finishing adjusted porcelain surface. PMID:24431779
Sethi, Sumit; Kakade, Dilip; Jambhekar, Shantanu; Jain, Vinay
Cyclopentadienyl derivatives of uranium(IV) in reactions with lewis acids and bases
Data on the interaction of cyclopentadienyl derivatives of uranium(IV) with Lewis acids and bases are systematized. The influence of the ligand surroundings of U on the acid-base properties of the organouranium compounds is discussed.
Sokolov, V.N.; Vasil'ev, V.U.
32 CFR Appendix C to Part 552 - Authorized Activities for Fort Lewis Maneuver Area Access
...Activities for Fort Lewis Maneuver Area Access Military Training (FL Reg 350-30) DEH or Corps of Engineers Real... Hunting, fishing and trapping (FL Reg 215-1) Dog training (not allowed 1 April through 31 July in selected...
Compendium of Utility Software Available on the Lewis TSS/370 Computer.
Descriptions of software developed for use on the Lewis TSS/370 System are presented. The software items were developed to allow the TSS/370 to assist in the accomplishment of management and administrative tasks such as status reporting, preparing present...
J. J. Pelouch
Organo-Lewis acid as cocatalyst for cationic homogenous metallocene Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerizations
The synthesis of the organo-Lewis acid perfluorobiphenylborane (PBB) and the activation of metallocenes for the formation of a variety of highly active homogeneous Ziegler-Natta metallocene olefin polymerization, copolymerization and ring-opening polymerization catalysts is described.
Marks, Tobin J. (Evanston, IL); Chen, You-Xian (Chicago, IL)
32 CFR Appendix D to Part 552 - Unauthorized Activities in Fort Lewis Maneuver Areas
... Unauthorized Activities in Fort Lewis Maneuver Areas D Appendix D to Part 552 National Defense Department of Defense...REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Pt. 552, App. D Appendix D to Part 552�Unauthorized Activities in...
A frustrated-Lewis-pair approach to catalytic reduction of alkynes to cis-alkenes
Frustrated Lewis pairs are compounds containing both Lewis acidic and Lewis basic moieties, where the formation of an adduct is prevented by steric hindrance. They are therefore highly reactive, and have been shown to be capable of heterolysis of molecular hydrogen, a property that has led to their use in hydrogenation reactions of polarized multiple bonds. Here, we describe a general approach to the hydrogenation of alkynes to cis-alkenes under mild conditions using the unique ansa-aminohydroborane as a catalyst. Our approach combines several reactions as the elementary steps of the catalytic cycle: hydroboration (substrate binding), heterolytic hydrogen splitting (typical frustrated-Lewis-pair reactivity) and facile intramolecular protodeborylation (product release). The mechanism is verified by experimental and computational studies.
Chernichenko, Konstantin; Madar�sz, �d�m; P�pai, Imre; Nieger, Martin; Leskel�, Markku; Repo, Timo
Overview of NASA Lewis Research Center Free-Piston Stirling Engine Activities.
An overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center (LeRC) free-piston Stirling engine activities is presented. These include (1) a generic free-piston Stirling technology project being conducted to develop techno...
Overview of the NASA Lewis component technology program for Stirling power converters
This paper presents an update on the NASA Lewis Stirling component technology program. The component technology program has been organized as part of the NASA Lewis effort to develop Stirling converter technology for space power applications. The Stirling space power program is part of the High Capacity Power element of the NASA Civil Space Technology Initiative. Lewis is also providing technical management of a DOE-funded project to develop Stirling converter systems for distributed dish solar terrestrial power applications. The Lewis component technology program is coordinated with the primary contract efforts of these projects but is aimed at longer term issues, advanced technologies, and independent assessments. Topics to be discussed include bearings, linear alternators, controls and load interaction, materials/life assessment, and heat exchangers.
Thieme, Lanny G.; Swec, Diane M.
A Surprising Mechanistic "Switch" in Lewis Acid Activation: A Bifunctional, Asymmetric Approach to ?-Hydroxy Acid Derivatives
We report a detailed synthetic and mechanistic study of an unusual bifunctional, sequential hetero-Diels�Alder/ring-opening reaction in which chiral, metal complexed ketene enolates react with o-quinones to afford highly enantioenriched, ?-hydroxylated carbonyl derivatives in excellent yield. A number of Lewis acids were screened in tandem with cinchona alkaloid derivatives; surprisingly, trans-(Ph3P)2PdCl2 was found to afford the most dramatic increase in yield and rate of reaction. A series of Lewis acid binding motifs were explored through molecular modeling, as well as IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy. Our observations document a fundamental mechanistic �switch� � namely the formation of a tandem Lewis base/Lewis acid activated metal enolate in preference to a metal-coordinated quinone species (as observed in other reactions of o-quinone derivatives). This new method was applied to the syntheses of several pharmaceutical targets, each of which was obtained in high yield and enantioselectivity.
Abraham, Ciby J.; Paull, Daniel H.; Bekele, Tefsit; Scerba, Michael T.; Dudding, Travis; Lectka, Thomas
Summary of the NASA Lewis component technology program for Stirling power converters
An update is presented on the NASA Lewis Stirling component technology program. The component technology program has been organized as part of the NASA Lewis effort to develop Stirling converter technology for space power applications. The Stirling space power project is part of the High Capacity Power element of the NASA Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI). Lewis is also providing technical management of a DOE funded project to develop Stirling converter systems for distributed dish solar terrestrial power applications. The primary contractors for the space power and solar terrestrial projects develop component technologies directly related to their project goals. This Lewis component technology program, while coordinated with these main projects, is aimed at longer term issues, advanced technologies, and independent assessments. Topics to be discussed include bearings, linear alternators, controls and load interaction, materials/life assessment, and heat exchangers.
Thieme, L.G.; Swec, D.M.
Lewis Research Center studies of multiple large wind turbine generators on a utility network
A NASA-Lewis program to study the anticipated performance of a wind turbine generator farm on an electric utility network is surveyed. The paper describes the approach of the Lewis Wind Energy Project Office to developing analysis capabilities in the area of wind turbine generator-utility network computer simulations. Attention is given to areas such as, the Lewis Purdue hybrid simulation, an independent stability study, DOE multiunit plant study, and the WEST simulator. Also covered are the Lewis mod-2 simulation including analog simulation of a two wind turbine system and comparison with Boeing simulation results, and gust response of a two machine model. Finally future work to be done is noted and it is concluded that the study shows little interaction between the generators and between the generators and the bus.
Gilbert, L. J.; Triezenberg, D. M.
A Close Association of TorsinA and ?-Synuclein in Lewy Bodies
TorsinA, a novel protein in which a mutation causes dominant, early onset torsion dystonia, may serve as a chaperone for misfolded proteins that require refolding or degradation. It has been hypothesized that misfolded ?-synuclein, a protein in which two mutations cause autosomal dominantly inherited Parkinson�s disease, serves as a nidus for the development of a Lewy body. We hypothesized that torsinA plays a role in the cellular processing of ?-synuclein. We demonstrate that anti-torsin antibodies stain Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the substantia nigra and cortex. Using sensitive fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques, we find evidence of a close association between torsinA and ?-synuclein in Lewy bodies.
Sharma, Nutan; Hewett, Jeffrey; Ozelius, Laurie J.; Ramesh, Vijaya; McLean, Pamela J.; Breakefield, Xandra O.; Hyman, Bradley T.
Epoxidation of Alpha-Methylstyrene and its Lewis Acid Rearrangement to 2-Phenylpropanal
This undergraduate organic lab experiment includes procedures for the peracid epoxidation of an olefin and the Lewis acid rearrangement of an epoxide to a carbonyl compound. Product mixtures and transformations can be readily analyzed by several spectroscopic techniques.
Garin, David L.; Gamber, Melissa; Rowe, Bradley J.
[Book review] The youngest science: notes of a medicine-watcher, by Lewis Thomas
Review of: The youngest science: notes of a medicine-watcher. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Series. Lewis Thomas. Penguin Books, 1995. Pennsylvania State University. 270 pp. ISBN: 0140243275, 9780140243277.
Johnson, D. H.
Low Temperature Thermoconversion of Biomass to Useful Chemicals by Lewis Acid Catalysts. Phase I.
The goal of this study was to convert biomass into useful organic chemicals at reasonable cost. Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) were used for thermoconversion of lignocellulosic materials (biomass) into useful organic materials. Temperatures...
V. R. Koch G. H. Schnaper
Functional connectivity in cortical regions in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease
Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal were measured to investigate connectivity between key brain regions hypothesized to be differentially affected in dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. These included connections of the hippocampus, because of its role in learning, and parietal and occipital areas involved in memory, attention and visual processing. Connectivity was investigated in 47 subjects aged 60 years and over: 15 subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies, 16 subjects with Alzheimer's disease and 16 control subjects. Subjects were scanned using a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system. The mean blood oxygenation level-dependent signal time series was extracted from seed regions in the hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and primary visual cortex and correlated with all other brain voxels to determine functional connectivity. Both subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease showed greater connectivity than control subjects. Compared with controls, the dementia with Lewy bodies group had greater connectivity between the right posterior cingulate cortex and other brain areas. In dementia with Lewy bodies, there were no significant differences in hippocampal connectivity compared with controls, but in Alzheimer's disease left hippocampal connectivity was greater compared with controls. There were no significant differences between groups for precuneus or primary visual cortex connectivity. No seed regions showed significantly less connectivity in subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies or Alzheimer's disease compared with controls. We found greater connectivity with the posterior cingulate in dementia with Lewy bodies and with the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. Consistent with the known relative preservation of memory in dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer's disease, hippocampal connectivity was not found to be greater in dementia with Lewy bodies. Importantly, while metabolic imaging shows functional change in primary visual cortex in dementia with Lewy bodies, which is hypothesized to account for visual hallucinations, we found connectivity with this region to be unaffected. This implicates areas beyond visual sensory input level in the visual symptoms and visual�perceptual dysfunction seen in dementia with Lewy bodies.
Blamire, Andrew M.; Firbank, Michael J.; O'Brien, John T.
An Engineering Approach to Management of Occupational and Community Noise Exposure at NASA Lewis Research Center
Workplace and environmental noise issues at NASA Lewis Research Center are effectively managed via a three-part program that addresses hearing conservation, community noise control, and noise control engineering. The Lewis Research Center Noise Exposure Management Program seeks to limit employee noise exposure and maintain community acceptance for critical research while actively pursuing engineered controls for noise generated by more than 100 separate research facilities and the associated services required for their operation.
Cooper, Beth A.
Neuroleptic sensitivity in patients with senile dementia of Lewy body type
OBJECTIVE--To determine the outcome of administration of neuroleptics to patients with senile dementia of Lewy body type confirmed at necropsy. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of clinical notes blind to neuropathological diagnosis. SETTING--Specialist psychogeriatric assessment units referring cases for necropsy to a teaching hospital neuropathology service. PATIENTS--41 elderly patients with diagnosis of either Alzheimer type dementia (n = 21) or Lewy body type
I. McKeith; A. Fairbairn; R. Perry; P. Thompson; E. Perry
Olfactory bulb ?-synucleinopathy has high specificity and sensitivity for Lewy body disorders
Involvement of the olfactory bulb by Lewy-type ?-synucleinopathy (LTS) is known to occur at an early stage of Parkinson�s\\u000a disease (PD) and Lewy body disorders and is therefore of potential usefulness diagnostically. An accurate estimate of the\\u000a specificity and sensitivity of this change has not previously been available. We performed immunohistochemical ?-synuclein\\u000a staining of the olfactory bulb in 328 deceased
Thomas G. Beach; Charles L. White; Christa L. Hladik; Marwan N. Sabbagh; Donald J. Connor; Holly A. Shill; Lucia I. Sue; Jeanne Sasse; Jyothi Bachalakuri; Jonette Henry-Watson; Haru Akiyama; Charles H. Adler
Thioarsenides: A case for long-range Lewis acid-base-directed van der Waals interactions
Electron density distributions, bond paths, Laplacian and local energy density properties have been calculated for a number of As4Sn (n = 3,4,5) thioarsenide molecular crystals. On the basis of the distributions, the intramolecular As-S and As-As interactions classify as shared bonded interactions and the intermolecular As-S, As-As and S-S interactions classify as closed-shell van der Waals bonded interactions. The bulk of the intermolecular As-S bond paths link regions of locally concentrated electron density (Lewis base regions) with aligned regions of locally depleted electron density (Lewis acid regions) on adjacent molecules. The paths are comparable with intermolecular paths reported for several other molecular crystals that link aligned Lewis base and acid regions in a key-lock fashion, interactions that classified as long range Lewis acid-base directed van der Waals interactions. As the bulk of the intermolecular As-S bond paths (~70%) link Lewis acid-base regions on adjacent molecules, it appears that molecules adopt an arrangement that maximizes the number of As-S Lewis acid-base intermolecular bonded interactions. The maximization of the number of Lewis acid-base interactions appears to be connected with the close-packed array adopted by molecules: distorted cubic close-packed arrays are adopted for alacr�nite, pararealgar, uzonite, realgar and ?-AsS and the distorted hexagonal close-packed arrays adopted by ?- and ?-dimorphite. A growth mechanism is proposed for thioarsenide molecular crystals from aqueous species that maximizes the number of long range Lewis acid-base vdW As-S bonded interactions with the resulting directed bond paths structuralizing the molecules as a molecular crystal.
Gibbs, Gerald V.; Wallace, Adam F.; Downs, R. T.; Ross, Nancy L.; Cox, David F.; Rosso, Kevin M.
Thioarsenides: a case for long-range Lewis acid-base-directed van der Waals interactions
Electron density distributions, bond paths, Laplacian and local-energy density properties have been calculated for a number of As4S n ( n = 3, 4 and 5) thioarsenide molecular crystals. On the basis of the distributions, the intramolecular As-S and As-As interactions classify as shared bonded interactions, and the intermolecular As-S, As-As and S-S interactions classify as closed-shell van der Waals (vdW) bonded interactions. The bulk of the intermolecular As-S bond paths link regions of locally concentrated electron density (Lewis-base regions) with aligned regions of locally depleted electron density (Lewis-acid regions) on adjacent molecules. The paths are comparable with intermolecular paths reported for several other molecular crystals that link aligned Lewis base and acid regions in a key-lock fashion, interactions that classified as long-range Lewis acid-base-directed vdW interactions. As the bulk of the intermolecular As-S bond paths (~70%) link Lewis acid-base regions on adjacent molecules, it appears that molecules adopt an arrangement that maximizes the number of As-S Lewis acid-base intermolecular bonded interactions. The maximization of the number of Lewis acid-base interactions appears to be connected with the close-packed array adopted by molecules: distorted cubic close-packed arrays are adopted for alacr�nite, pararealgar, uzonite, realgar and ?-AsS and the distorted hexagonal close-packed arrays adopted by ?- and ?-dimorphite. A growth mechanism is proposed for thioarsenide molecular crystals from aqueous species that maximizes the number of long-range Lewis acid-base vdW As-S bonded interactions with the resulting directed bond paths structuralizing the molecules as a molecular crystal.
Gibbs, G. V.; Wallace, A. F.; Downs, R. T.; Ross, N. L.; Cox, D. F.; Rosso, K. M.
The Lewis thrust fault and related structures in the Disturbed Belt, northwestern Montana
The classical Lewis thrust fault in Glacier National Park has now been mapped 125 km south of the park to Steamboat Mountain, where the trace dies out in folded middle Paleozoic rocks. The known length of the fault is 452 km, extending northward from Steamboat Mountain to a point 225 km into Canada, where the fault also dies out in Paleozoic rocks. At the south end, the surface expression of the Lewis thrust begins in a shear zone in folded Mississippian rocks. To the north, the thrust progressively cuts downsection into Proterozoic Y (Belt) rocks near Glacier National Park. Displacement on the Lewis plate increases northward from approximately 3 km on an easterly trending hinge line at the West Fork of the Sun River to a postulated 65 km at the southern edge of the park, where the stratigraphic throw is about 6,500 m. Present data indicate the thrust formed during very late Paleocene to very early Eocene time. The Lewis thrust and related structures, the Hoadley thrust and the Continental Divide syncline, probably formed concurrently under the same stress field. The northern limit of the trace of the Hoadley thrust is within the lower portion of the Lewis plate, about 28 km north of where the Lewis thrust develops, and the Hoadley extends for at least 125 km to the south. Displacement of the Hoadley increases southward from about 1 km at the hinge line to an inferred 70 km near its known southern extent. If our inference is correct, the Hoadley is nearly the southern mirror image of the Lewis to the north. The Continental Divide syncline, a doubly plunging, broad, northerly trending open fold that is about 120 km long, is a major fold within the Lewis plate.
Mudge, Melville Rhodes; Earhart, Robert L.
Voluntary wheel running modulates glutamate receptor subunit gene expression and stress hormone release in Lewis rats
Lewis rats that are known to be addiction-prone, develop compulsive running if they have access to running wheels. The present experiments were aimed 1) to evaluate the activation of stress systems following chronic and acute voluntary wheel running in Lewis rats by measurement of hormone release and gene expression of neuropeptides related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity and 2) to
A. Makatsori; R. Duncko; M. Schwendt; F. Moncek; B. B. Johansson; D. Jezova
Streamline segment statistics of premixed flames with nonunity Lewis numbers
The interaction of flame and surrounding fluid motion is of central importance in the fundamental understanding of turbulent combustion. It is demonstrated here that this interaction can be represented using streamline segment analysis, which was previously applied in nonreactive turbulence. The present work focuses on the effects of the global Lewis number (Le) on streamline segment statistics in premixed flames in the thin-reaction-zones regime. A direct numerical simulation database of freely propagating thin-reaction-zones regime flames with Le ranging from 0.34 to 1.2 is used to demonstrate that Le has significant influences on the characteristic features of the streamline segment, such as the curve length, the difference in the velocity magnitude at two extremal points, and their correlations with the local flame curvature. The strengthenings of the dilatation rate, flame normal acceleration, and flame-generated turbulence with decreasing Le are principally responsible for these observed effects. An expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the streamline segment length, originally developed for nonreacting turbulent flows, captures the qualitative behavior for turbulent premixed flames in the thin-reaction-zones regime for a wide range of Le values. The joint pdfs between the streamline length and the difference in the velocity magnitude at two extremal points for both unweighted and density-weighted velocity vectors are analyzed and compared. Detailed explanations are provided for the observed differences in the topological behaviors of the streamline segment in response to the global Le.
Chakraborty, Nilanjan; Wang, Lipo; Klein, Markus
Executive functions in frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia.
Diagnosis of different types of dementia is often based on clinical symptomatology rather than underlying pathology; therefore, accurate diagnosis depends on a thorough description of cognitive functioning in different dementias. Furthermore, direct comparison of cognitive functions between different types of dementia is necessary for differential diagnosis. Executive dysfunction is common in several types of dementia, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD); however, FTD and LBD patients have never been directly compared on measures of executive functioning. The authors compared the performance of 17 FTD and 15 LBD patients on 6 measures of executive functioning in terms of statistical group differences, mean severity of clinical impairment in comparison to normal controls, and frequency of impairment. Results indicated a remarkably similar pattern of performance across all areas examined in terms of mean performance, as well as degree and frequency of impairment. Only the Stroop test produced results that could potentially differentiate the patient groups. These findings suggest that both FTD and LBD should be considered disorders involving executive dysfunction. PMID:19899835
Johns, Erin K; Phillips, Natalie A; Belleville, Sylvie; Goupil, Diane; Babins, Lennie; Kelner, Nora; Ska, Bernadette; Gilbert, Brigitte; Inglis, Gary; Panisset, Michel; de Boysson, Chlo�; Chertkow, Howard
Streamline segment statistics of premixed flames with nonunity Lewis numbers.
The interaction of flame and surrounding fluid motion is of central importance in the fundamental understanding of turbulent combustion. It is demonstrated here that this interaction can be represented using streamline segment analysis, which was previously applied in nonreactive turbulence. The present work focuses on the effects of the global Lewis number (Le) on streamline segment statistics in premixed flames in the thin-reaction-zones regime. A direct numerical simulation database of freely propagating thin-reaction-zones regime flames with Le ranging from 0.34 to 1.2 is used to demonstrate that Le has significant influences on the characteristic features of the streamline segment, such as the curve length, the difference in the velocity magnitude at two extremal points, and their correlations with the local flame curvature. The strengthenings of the dilatation rate, flame normal acceleration, and flame-generated turbulence with decreasing Le are principally responsible for these observed effects. An expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the streamline segment length, originally developed for nonreacting turbulent flows, captures the qualitative behavior for turbulent premixed flames in the thin-reaction-zones regime for a wide range of Le values. The joint pdfs between the streamline length and the difference in the velocity magnitude at two extremal points for both unweighted and density-weighted velocity vectors are analyzed and compared. Detailed explanations are provided for the observed differences in the topological behaviors of the streamline segment in response to the global Le. PMID:24730945
NASA Lewis steady-state heat pipe code users manual
The NASA Lewis heat pipe code was developed to predict the performance of heat pipes in the steady state. The code can be used as a design tool on a personal computer or with a suitable calling routine, as a subroutine for a mainframe radiator code. A variety of wick structures, including a user input option, can be used. Heat pipes with multiple evaporators, condensers, and adiabatic sections in series and with wick structures that differ among sections can be modeled. Several working fluids can be chosen, including potassium, sodium, and lithium, for which monomer-dimer equilibrium is considered. The code incorporates a vapor flow algorithm that treats compressibility and axially varying heat input. This code facilitates the determination of heat pipe operating temperatures and heat pipe limits that may be encountered at the specified heat input and environment temperature. Data are input to the computer through a user-interactive input subroutine. Output, such as liquid and vapor pressures and temperatures, is printed at equally spaced axial positions along the pipe as determined by the user.
Tower, Leonard K.; Baker, Karl W.; Marks, Timothy S.
Prodromal clinical manifestations of neuropathologically confirmed Lewy body disease.
The mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of dementia with Lewy bodies (MCI-DLB) has not yet been defined, but is likely to differ in the MCI stage of Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD). To determine whether clinical features distinguish MCI-DLB and MCI-AD, 9 cases of neuropathologically confirmed MCI-DLB and 12 cases of MCI-AD were compared. No significant differences were found between MCI-DLB and MCI-AD cases in age at death, gender, ApoE status, education, time followed while clinically normal, or duration of MCI. MCI-DLB and MCI-AD cases differed clinically in the expression of Parkinsonism (P=0.012), provoked hallucinations or delirium (P=0.042), or the presence of any of these noncognitive symptoms of DLB (P<0.0001). Letter fluency (P=0.007) was significantly lower and Wechsler Logical Memory I (P=0.019) was significantly higher in MCI-DLB compared to MCI-AD cases. These data demonstrate the feasibility of differentiating underlying pathologic processes responsible for cognitive decline in the preclinical disease state and suggest that further refinement in diagnostic criteria may allow more accurate early detection of prodromal DLB and AD. PMID:19026468
Jicha, G A; Schmitt, F A; Abner, E; Nelson, P T; Cooper, G E; Smith, C D; Markesbery, W R
Transputer parallel processing at NASA Lewis Research Center
The transputer parallel processing lab at NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) consists of 69 processors (transputers) that can be connected into various networks for use in general purpose concurrent processing applications. The main goal of the lab is to develop concurrent scientific and engineering application programs that will take advantage of the computational speed increases available on a parallel processor over the traditional sequential processor. Current research involves the development of basic programming tools. These tools will help standardize program interfaces to specific hardware by providing a set of common libraries for applications programmers. The thrust of the current effort is in developing a set of tools for graphics rendering/animation. The applications programmer currently has two options for on-screen plotting. One option can be used for static graphics displays and the other can be used for animated motion. The option for static display involves the use of 2-D graphics primitives that can be called from within an application program. These routines perform the standard 2-D geometric graphics operations in real-coordinate space as well as allowing multiple windows on a single screen.
Ellis, Graham K.
Pathologic correlates of dementia in individuals with Lewy body disease
Cognitive impairment and dementia are more common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) than age-matched controls, and appear to become more frequent as PD progresses. However, estimates of dementia in patients with PD have varied widely, likely due in part to differences in case definition, case ascertainment, and methodology. First, we review investigations of usual pathologic correlates of dementia in patients with brainstem (b) Lewy Body Disease (LBD) and report our findings from the initial 266 brain autopsies from a population-based study of brain aging and incident dementia. Our results showed that 2.6% of subjects were diagnosed with PD during life but that 20% had bLBD at autopsy. Seventy percent of individuals with bLBD had high-level of one or more cerebral pathologic changes significantly associated with dementia: Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebral (c) LBD, or microvascular brain injury (?VBI); these were commonly co-morbid. Next we consider proposed contributors to cognitive impairment and dementia in the approximately 30% of patients with only bLBD, including regionally selective dendritic degeneration of neostriatal medium spiny neurons. Diseases contributing to cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with bLBD are heterogeneous, providing diagnostic challenges as well as multiple opportunities for successful intervention in patients with PD.
Sonnen, Joshua A.; Postupna, Nadia; Larson, Eric B.; Crane, Paul K.; Rose, Shannon E.; Montine, Kathleen S.; Leverenz, James B.; Montine, Thomas J.
The NASA Lewis heat pipe code has been developed to predict the performance of heat pipes in the steady state. The code can be used as a design tool on a personal computer or, with a suitable calling routine, as a subroutine for a mainframe radiator code. A variety of wick structures, including a user input option, can be used. Heat pipes with multiple evaporators, condensers, and adiabatic sections in series and with wick structures that differ among sections can be modeled. Several working fluids can be chosen, including potassium, sodium, and lithium, for which the monomer-dimer equilibrium is considered. The code incorporates a vapor flow algorithm that treats compressibility and axially varying heat input. This code facilitates the determination of heat pipe operating temperatures and heat pipe limits that may be encountered at the specified heat input and environment temperature. Data are input to the computer through a user-interactive input subroutine. Output, such as liquid and vapor pressures and temperatures, is printed at equally spaced axial positions along the pipe as determined by the user.
Tower, L.K. [Sverdrup Technology, Inc., Brook Park, OH (United States). Lewis Research Center Group; Baker, K.W. [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH (United States). Lewis Research Center; Marks, T.S. [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
Fort Lewis electric energy baseline and efficiency resource assessment
The mission of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is to lead the improvement of energy efficiency and fuel flexibility within the federal sector. Through Pacific Northwest Laboratory, FEMP is developing a fuel-neutral approach for identifying, evaluating, and acquiring all cost-effective energy projects at federal installations. In this report, we describe PNL's assessment of the electric energy efficiency resource potential at Fort Lewis (near Tacoma, WA). Through this assessment, we developed an estimate of the electricity use baseline and efficiency improvement potential for major sectors and end uses at the Fort. Developing the baseline was essential to segment the end uses that are targets for broad-based efficiency improvement programs and to provide TPU with the basis for its proposal to Bonneville. An estimate of the efficiency resource is presented to reflect the available quantity of resource for three electricity price ranges. The baseline and efficiency resource estimates did not identify all possible areas of opportunity, but instead identified the majority of the resource; areas of additional opportunity are noted, to encourage further effort. 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Secrest, T.J.; Currie, J.W.; DeSteese, J.G.; Dirks, J.A.; Marseille, T.J.; Parker, G.B.; Richman, E.E.; Shankle, S.A.
Lower hybrid emission diagnostics on the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus
The feasibility of using RF emission near the lower-hybrid frequency of the NASA Lewis Bumpy Torus plasma for diagnostic purposes is examined. The emission is detected using a spectrum analyzer and a 50-ohm miniature coaxial antenna that is sensitive to the polarization of the incoming signal. The frequency shift of the lower-hybrid emission peak is monitored as a function of the background pressure, electrode voltage, electrode ring configuration, and the strength of the toroidal dc magnetic field. Simultaneous measurements of the average plasma density are made with a polarization diplexing microwave interferometer. The experimental results extend previous work to include negative electrode voltages and plasma densities up to 1 trillion per cu cm. The information derived from the experiment is discussed with reference to: (1) the strength of the dc magnetic field in the emitting region, (2) a comparison of the lower-hybrid plasma density with the average plasma density, and (3) the validity of the cold-plasma lower-hybrid resonance formula in the high-density operating regime of the bumpy-torus plasma.
Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants and transitionless quantum driving
Different methods have been recently put forward and implemented experimentally to inverse engineer the time-dependent Hamiltonian of a quantum system and accelerate slow adiabatic processes via nonadiabatic shortcuts. In the ''transitionless quantum driving'' proposed by Berry, shortcut Hamiltonians are designed so that the system follows exactly, in an arbitrarily short time, the approximate adiabatic path defined by a reference Hamiltonian. A different approach is based on first designing a Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant to carry the eigenstates of a Hamiltonian from specified initial to final configurations, again in an arbitrary time, and then constructing from the invariant the transient Hamiltonian that connects these boundary configurations. We show that the two approaches, apparently quite different in form and so far in results, are, in fact, strongly related and potentially equivalent, so that the inverse-engineering operations in one of them can be reinterpreted and understood in terms of the concepts and operations of the other one. We study, as explicit examples, expansions of time-dependent harmonic traps and the state preparation of two-level systems.
Chen Xi [Departamento de Quimica-Fisica, UPV-EHU, Apdo 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain, (Spain); Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai (China); Torrontegui, E.; Muga, J. G. [Departamento de Quimica-Fisica, UPV-EHU, Apdo 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain, (Spain)
False recognition in Lewy-body disease and frontotemporal dementia.
The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the false recognition phenomenon in persons with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and those with Lewy-body disease (LBD). Patients with LBD (n=10) or FTD (n=15) and their corresponding controls (n=30) were subjected to the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm to induce false recognition. Patients were first presented with items semantically related to a nonpresented critical target. The critical target was later included in a word list shown to patients to assess level of recognition. Both groups of patients showed a reduced level of false recognition of the critical target when controlling for their overall level of false alarms. This reduction was greater in persons with LBD than in those with FTD. Correlational analyses of performance on neuropsychological tests and the DRM variables indicated that the reduced DRM effect was associated with inhibition deficits in patients with LBD and with inhibition deficits and verbal memory in those with FTD. Our results support current models suggesting that these cognitive components contribute to the false recognition effect. PMID:21094574
de Boysson, C; Belleville, S; Phillips, N A; Johns, E K; Goupil, D; Souchay, C; Bouchard, R; Chertkow, H
White Matter Hyperintensities in Mild Lewy Body Dementia
Background The objective of this study was to explore the load of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) and compare to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls (NC). Methods Diagnosis of LBD and AD was made according to consensus criteria and cognitive tests were administered. MRI scans for 77 (61 AD and 16 LBD) patients and 37 healthy elderly control subjects were available for analysis. We segmented WMH from FLAIR images using an automatic thresholding technique and calculated the volume of WMH in several regions of the brain, using non-parametric tests to compare groups. Multivariate regression was applied. Results There were no significant differences in WMH between AD and LBD. We found a significant correlation between total and frontal WMH and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and verbal fluency scores in the AD group, but not in the LBD group. Conclusion The WMH load in LBD was similar to that of AD. A correlation between WMH load and cognition was found in the AD group, but not in the LBD group, suggesting that vascular disease contributes to cognitive impairment in AD but not LBD.
Oppedal, K.; Aarsland, D.; Firbank, M.J.; Sonnesyn, H.; Tysnes, O.B.; O'Brien, J.T.; Beyer, M.K.
NASA Lewis Research Center's preheated combustor and materials test facility
The Preheated Combustor and Materials Test Facility (PCMTF) in the Engine Research Building (ERB) at the NASA Lewis Research Center is one of two unique combustor facilities that provide a nonvitiated air supply to two test stands, where the air can be used for research combustor testing and high-temperature materials testing. Stand A is used as a research combustor stand, whereas stand B is used for cyclic and survivability tests of aerospace materials at high temperatures. Both stands can accommodate in-house and private industry research programs. The PCMTF is capable of providing up to 30 lb/s (pps) of nonvitiated, 450 psig combustion air at temperatures ranging from 850 to 1150 g F. A 5000 gal tank located outdoors adjacent to the test facility can provide jet fuel at a pressure of 900 psig and a flow rate of 11 gal/min (gpm). Gaseous hydrogen from a 70,000 cu ft (CF) tuber is also available as a fuel. Approximately 500 gpm of cooling water cools the research hardware and exhaust gases. Such cooling is necessary because the air stream reaches temperatures as high as 3000 deg F. The PCMTF provides industry and Government with a facility for studying the combustion process and for obtaining valuable test information on advanced materials. This report describes the facility's support systems and unique capabilities.
Nemets, Steve A.; Ehlers, Robert C.; Parrott, Edith
LSENS, The NASA Lewis Kinetics and Sensitivity Analysis Code
A general chemical kinetics and sensitivity analysis code for complex, homogeneous, gas-phase reactions is described. The main features of the code, LSENS (the NASA Lewis kinetics and sensitivity analysis code), are its flexibility, efficiency and convenience in treating many different chemical reaction models. The models include: static system; steady, one-dimensional, inviscid flow; incident-shock initiated reaction in a shock tube; and a perfectly stirred reactor. In addition, equilibrium computations can be performed for several assigned states. An implicit numerical integration method (LSODE, the Livermore Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations), which works efficiently for the extremes of very fast and very slow reactions, is used to solve the "stiff" ordinary differential equation systems that arise in chemical kinetics. For static reactions, the code uses the decoupled direct method to calculate sensitivity coefficients of the dependent variables and their temporal derivatives with respect to the initial values of dependent variables and/or the rate coefficient parameters. Solution methods for the equilibrium and post-shock conditions and for perfectly stirred reactor problems are either adapted from or based on the procedures built into the NASA code CEA (Chemical Equilibrium and Applications).
Radhakrishnan, K.
Production of Lewis x tetrasaccharides by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli.
Two tetrasaccharides carrying the trisaccharidic Lewis x motif on a GlcNAc or a Gal residue were produced on the gram-scale by high-cell-density cultures of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains that overexpressed the Helicobacter pylori futA gene for alpha-3 fucosyltransferase and the Neisseria meningitidis lgtB gene for beta-4 galactosyltransferase. The first compound Galbeta-4(Fucalpha-3)GlcNAcbeta-4GlcNAc was produced by glycosylation of chitinbiose, which was endogenously generated in the bacterial cytoplasm by the successive action of the rhizobial chitin-synthase NodC and the Bacillus circulans chitinase A1, whose genes were additionally expressed in the E. coli strain. The second compound, Galbeta-4(Fucalpha-3)GlcNAcbeta-3Gal, was produced from exogenously added Gal by a strain that was deficient in galactokinase activity and overexpressed the additional N. meningitidis lgtA gene for beta-3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. PMID:16381046
Dumon, Claire; Bosso, Claude; Utille, Jean Pierre; Heyraud, Alain; Samain, Eric
NASA Lewis Research Center's combustor test facilities and capabilities
NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) presently accommodates a total of six combustor test facilities with unique capabilities. The facilities are used to evaluate combustor and afterburner concepts for future engine applications, and also to test the survivability and performance of innovative high temperature materials, new instrumentation, and engine components in a realistic jet engine environment. The facilities provide a variety of test section interfaces and lengths to allow for flametube, sector and component testing. The facilities can accommodate a wide range of operating conditions due to differing capabilities in the following areas: inlet air pressure, temperature, and flow; fuel flow rate, pressure, and fuel storage capacity; maximum combustion zone temperature; cooling water flow rate and pressure; types of exhaust - atmospheric or altitude; air heater supply pressure; and types of air heaters - vitiated or nonvitiated. All of the facilities have provisions for standard gas (emissions) analysis, and a few of the facilities are equipped with specialized gas analysis equipment, smoke and particle size measurement devices, and a variety of laser systems. This report will present some of the unique features of each of the high temperature/high pressure combustor test facilities at NASA LeRC.
Bianco, Jean
Current wind tunnel capability and planned improvements at Lewis Research Center
As the propulsion and power generation center of NASA, Lewis has designed its wind tunnels for propulsion research. Therefore, the 8 by 6 Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel and the 10 by 10 Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel provide the capability to test operating propulsion systems from Mach 0.4 to 3.5. The 9 by 15 Foot Wind Tunnel can investigate propulsion installation problems at the lower takeoff and landing speeds and provides an excellent anechoic environment to measure propeller and fan noise. The Lewis Central Air System provides steady air supplies to 450 psi, and exhaust to 3 in. of mercury absolute, which are available to the wind tunnels for simulation of jets and engine induced flows. The Lewis Icing Research Tunnel is the largest in the free world that can produce icing conditions throughout the year. Rehabilitation of the Altitude Wind Tunnel at Lewis would allow testing of propulsion systems in the upper left hand corner which would be a unique capability. Also, in a mothballed state at Lewis, the Hypersonic Tunnel Facility could provide the best simulation of nonvitiated Mach 5-7 test conditions available. Studies are currently being made of the Lewis facilities to identify enhancements of their research potential for the 1990's and beyond.
Bowditch, D. N.
Hormonal secretion and quality of life in nelson syndrome and cushing disease after long acting repeatable octreotide: a short series and update.
Clinical management of persistent adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) excess in Nelson syndrome (NS) and Cushing disease (CD) remains a challenge. Somatostatin and its analogs as octreotide decrease ACTH secretion through somatostatin receptors of pituitary cells. To our knowledge, there are no reports on the effect of long-acting repeatable octreotide (oct-lar) on hormonal secretion and quality of life in patients with NS and CD who failed conventional therapy. Herein, we describe the effects of treatment with oct-lar (20 mg/month intramurally) in 1 woman with NS and 2 women with persistent CD. Oct-lar therapy reduced ACTH secretion and improved the quality of life in NS patient. By contrast, in CD patients, it failed to control ACTH and cortisol secretion, and the quality of life remained unchanged. PMID:22820717
Arregger, Alejandro L; Cardoso, Estela M L; Sandoval, Olga B; Monardes Tumilasci, Elida G; Sanchez, Roc�o; Contreras, Liliana N
Syntheses of LewisX and Dimeric LewisX: Construction of Branched Oligosaccharides by a Combination of Pre-activation and Reactivity Based Chemoselective One-Pot Glycosylations
Two asymmetrically branched oligosaccharides, LewisX and dimeric LewisX were assembled in one-pot with high yields and exclusive regio- and stereo-selectivities. p-Tolyl thioglycosides were utilized as the sole type of building blocks, thus simplifying the overall synthetic design. The reactivity independent nature of the pre-activation based method allows modular assembly of the dimeric LewisX octasaccharide without the need for tedious protective group manipulation to achieve exact anomeric reactivities.
Miermont, Adeline; Zeng, Youlin; Jing, Yuqing; Ye, Xin-shan; Huang, Xuefei
Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Leflunomide in Lewis Rats
Purpose To investigate the efficacy of leflunomide in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in rats. Methods Lewis rats were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding peptide (IRBP) in order to generate EAU. Rats received three dose of leflunomide through intragastric administration (prevention or treatment protocols) after immunization at three separate doses (3 mg/kg/d; 6 mg/kg/d; 12 mg/kg/d). Cyclosporin A was administered as a positive) control. Rats were euthanized during peak disease activity (day 14 or 15). Treatment effectiveness was evaluated in vivo using clinical EAU scoring (d14) and histopathological evaluation of enucleated eyes after experimental termination. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum were quantified by ELISA. Eyeball of rats were harvested and mRNA expression of interleukin 17 (IL17) and IFN-? were quantified through RT-PCR. Intracellular expression of interleukin (IL)-17 in the activated CD4(+) T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. The effects of leflunomide inhibition on immune responses in rats were investigated in isolated lymphocytes. Results Histopathological and clinical data revealed severe intraocular inflammation in the immunized rat. Inflammation reached its peak on day 14 in this EAU model. Treatment with leflunomide significantly prevented and treated EAU-induced ocular inflammation and decreased clinical and pathological scores compared to vehicle-treated eyes. Gene expression of IL17 and IFN-?was markedly reduced in leflunomide-treated eyes. Leflunomide significantly decreased the serum levels of IL17 and IFN-?. The study of IL17+ T cells in peripheral blood and spleen by flow cytometry showed a decreased number of Th17 cell in rats of leflunomide prevented group. Lymphocytes from animals treated with leflunomide had decreased antigen-specific proliferation in vitro compared with lymphocytes from untreated animals. Conclusions Oral administration of leflunomide effectively suppressed IRBP-induced uveitis in rats. These results suggest that leflunomide may be potentially clinical application in uveitis.
Fang, Cheng-bo; Zhou, De-xi; Zhan, Shu-xiang; He, Yong; Lin, Zhen; Huang, Cheng; Li, Jun
The NASA Lewis Research Center: An Economic Impact Study
The NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC), established in 1941, is one of ten NASA research centers in the country. It is situated on 350 acres of land in Cuyahoga County and occupies more than 140 buildings and over 500 specialized research and test facilities. Most of LeRC's facilities are located in the City of Cleveland; some are located within the boundaries of the cities of Fairview Park and Brookpark. LeRC is a lead center for NASA's research, technology, and development in the areas of aeropropulsion and selected space applications. It is a center of excellence for turbomachinery, microgravity fluid and combustion research, and commercial communication. The base research and technology disciplines which serve both aeronautics and space areas include materials and structures, instrumentation and controls, fluid physics, electronics, and computational fluid dynamics. This study investigates LeRC's economic impact on Northeast Ohio's economy. It was conducted by The Urban Center's Economic Development Program in Cleveland State University's Levin College of Urban Affairs. The study measures LeRC's direct impact on the local economy in terms of jobs, output, payroll, and taxes, as well as the indirect impact of these economic activities when they 'ripple' throughout the economy. To fully explain LeRC's overall impact on the region, its contributions in the areas of technology transfer and education are also examined. The study uses a highly credible and widely accepted research methodology. First, regional economic multipliers based on input-output models were used to estimate the effect of LERC spending on the Northeast Ohio economy. Second, the economic models were complemented by interviews with industrial, civic, and university leaders to qualitatively assess LeRC's impact in the areas of technology transfer and education.
Austrian, Ziona
Expression of hPNAS-4 Radiosensitizes Lewis Lung Cancer
Purpose: This study aimed to transfer the hPNAS-4 gene, a novel apoptosis-related human gene, into Lewis lung cancer (LL2) and observe its radiosensitive effect on radiation therapy in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Materials: The hPNAS-4 gene was transfected into LL2 cells, and its expression was detected via western blot. Colony formation assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the growth and apoptosis of cells treated with irradiation/PNAS-4 in vitro. The hPNAS-4 gene was transferred into LL2-bearing mice through tail vein injection of the liposome/gene complex. The tumor volumes were recorded after radiation therapy. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed to detect the tumor cell growth and apoptosis in vivo. Results: The hPNAS-4 gene was successfully transferred into LL2 cells and tumor tissue, and its overexpressions were confirmed via western blot analysis. Compared with the control, empty plasmid, hPNAS-4, radiation, and empty plasmid plus radiation groups, the hPNAS-4 plus radiation group more significantly inhibited growth and enhanced apoptosis of LL2 cells in vitro and in vivo (P<.05). Conclusions: The hPNAS-4 gene was successfully transferred into LL2 cells and tumor tissue and was expressed in both LL2 cell and tumor tissue. The hPNAS-4 gene therapy significantly enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis of LL2 tumor cells by radiation therapy in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it may be a potential radiosensitive treatment of radiation therapy for lung cancer.
Zeng Hui [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China); Yuan Zhu [State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China)] [State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China); Zhu Hong [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China); Li Lei; Shi Huashan [State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China)] [State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China); Wang Zi; Fan Yu; Deng Qian; Zeng Jianshuang; He Yinbo [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China); Xiao Jianghong [State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China)] [State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China); Li Zhiping, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province (China)
Thoracoscopic purse string technique for minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy
Objective Thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy with chest anastomosis (TLE-chest) is increasingly performed for middle and lower esophageal cancer; however, gastroesophageal anastomosis for this surgery remains both challenging and inefficient. To address this issue, we previously reported our MIE technique with Ivor-Lewis anastomosis. Here we present the video to introduce our TLE-chest operation procedures. Methods TLE-chest with a combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic technique was performed by one group of surgeons. From October 2011 to September 2013, 80 esophageal cancer patients were treated with TLE-chest using this improved anastomotic technique. Results The surgery was successful for all patients, although the anastomosis in one patient required intraoperative manual repair. No patients required open conversion. In this video, dissociation of stomach, and dissection of lymph nodes, creation of gastric tube and staple line embedding, jejunostomy were carried out by laparoscopic surgery. Dissection of esophageal cancer and mediastinal lymph nodes were done through rib 3 or 4 by a 3-4 cm video-assisted right anterior minithoracotomy, then esophago-gastric anastomosis was performed in right thoracic cavity This video shows the R0 resection of T3N0M0 esophageal cancer. Totally, 36 lymph nodes were dissected, including 21 mediastinal lymph nodes and 15 abdominal lymph nodes. The patient recovered well and was discharged on day 8 after the surgery, with good short term outcomes. Conclusions A safe, cost effective purse string stapled anastomotic technique has been presented for TLE-chest in our video. It is consistent with the oncology principles.
Kang, Ningning; Xia, Wanli; Che, Yun; Wan, Jun; Yu, Zaicheng
Lewis-acid-assisted methyl exchange reactions in silylated aminodichloroarsanes.
Lewis-acid-assisted methyl/chlorine, methyl/azide, and methyl/triflate exchange reactions between silicon and arsenic centers have been studied and applied to different silylated aminoarsane species leading to a number of new methylarsane compounds: bis(trimethylsilyl)amino(dichloro)arsane (3) was reacted with GaCl(3) yielding a bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)-tetramethyl-cyclo-disilazane (4) accompanied by the release of Me(2)AsCl, while trimethylsilyl(m-terphenyl)amino(dichloro)arsane (5) (m-terphenyl = 2,6-Mes(2)-C(6)H(3), Mes = 2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2)) reacted with GaCl(3) to give dichloromethylsilyl(m-terphenyl)aminodimethylarsane (6). In the presence of trimethylsilylazide, trimethylsilyl(m-terphenyl)amino(dichloro)arsane displays a methyl/azide exchange triggered by the action of GaCl(3) yielding azidodimethylsilyl(m-terphenyl)amino(chloro)methylarsane (7). Moreover, methyl/triflate exchange reactions have been observed in the reaction of trimethylsilyl(m-terphenyl)amino(dichloro)arsane (i) with 1 equiv of AgOTf (OTf = triflate) yielding N-(trifluoromethylsulfonatodimethylsilyl)-N-(m-terphenyl)amino(methyl)chloroarsane (8) and (ii) with 2 equiv of AgOTf yielding N-(trifluoromethylsulfonatodimethylsilyl)-N-(m-terphenyl)trifluoromethylsulfonatomethylarsane (9). All new compounds (3-9) have been fully characterized by means of vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray, CHN analysis, MS, and NMR studies. A possible reaction mechanism is discussed starting from an initial chloride abstraction and the intermediate formation of a cationic iminoarsane species. In a second step, a methyl shift from the silicon to the arsenic center occurs. PMID:19006290
Michalik, Dirk; Schulz, Axel; Villinger, Alexander
Historical perspectives: The role of the NASA Lewis Research Center in the national space nuclear power programs
The history of the NASA Lewis Research Center's role in space nuclear power programs is reviewed. Lewis has provided leadership in research, development, and the advancement of space power and propulsion systems. Lewis' pioneering efforts in nuclear reactor technology, shielding, high temperature materials, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, mechanical and direct energy conversion, high-energy propellants, electric propulsion and high performance rocket fuels and nozzles have led to significant technical and management roles in many national space nuclear power and propulsion programs.
Bloomfield, H. S.; Sovie, R. J.
Slow reactant-water exchange and high catalytic performance of water-tolerant lewis acids.
(31) P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic measurement with trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO) was applied to evaluate the Lewis acid catalysis of various metal triflates in water. The original (31) P?NMR chemical shift and line width of TMPO is changed by the direct interaction of TMPO molecules with the Lewis acid sites of metal triflates. [Sc(OTf)3 ] and [In(OTf)3 ] had larger changes in (31) P chemical shift and line width by formation of the Lewis acid-TMPO complex than other metal triflates. It originates from the strong interaction between the Lewis acid and TMPO, which results in higher stability of [Sc(OTf)3 TMPO] and [In(OTf)3 TMPO] complexes than other metal triflate-TMPO complexes. The catalytic activities of [Sc(OTf)3 ] and [In(OTf)3 ] for Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions with carbonyl compounds in water were far superior to the other metal triflates, which indicates that the high stability of metal triflate-carbonyl compound complexes cause high catalytic performance for these reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that low LUMO levels of [Sc(OTf)3 ] and [In(OTf)3 ] would be responsible for the formation of stable coordination intermediate with nucleophilic reactant in water. PMID:24861208
Koito, Yusuke; Nakajima, Kiyotaka; Kobayashi, Hisayoshi; Hasegawa, Ryota; Kitano, Masaaki; Hara, Michikazu
Alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry of gastrointestinal and biliary surgical specimens for diagnosis of Lewy body disease
In Lewy body disease, Lewy pathology (LP: the accumulation of ?-synuclein in neuronal perikarya and processes as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites and dots, respectively) is observed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Previous autopsy or biopsy studies of individuals with Lewy body diseases (LBDs) indicated that LP could be observed in the peripheral nerves of the gastrointestinal (GI) systems. The aim of this study is to clarify whether examination of GI and biliary surgical specimens would be useful for diagnosing LBD. We analyzed eight patients diagnosed clinically with LBD and with medical histories of GI or biliary surgery at our hospital. LP was identified by using ?-synuclein immunohistochemistry in GI and biliary surgical specimens obtained before, at or after the clinical onset of LBD. LP was frequently observed in Auerbach�s plexus, Meissner�s plexus and the subserosal nerve fascicles within the GI and biliary surgical specimens. LP was observed in the specimens obtained 7 years before the onset of LBD. Our approach does not require any invasive procedures for patients. The immunohistochemical analysis of anti- ?-synuclein antibody to archival GI or biliary surgical specimens from patients with clinically suspected LBD may contribute to clinical diagnosis of LBD.
Ito, Shinji; Takao, Masaki; Hatsuta, Hiroyuki; Kanemaru, Kazutomi; Arai, Tomio; Saito, Yuko; Fukayama, Masashi; Murayama, Shigeo
Alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry of gastrointestinal and biliary surgical specimens for diagnosis of Lewy body disease.
In Lewy body disease, Lewy pathology (LP: the accumulation of ?-synuclein in neuronal perikarya and processes as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites and dots, respectively) is observed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Previous autopsy or biopsy studies of individuals with Lewy body diseases (LBDs) indicated that LP could be observed in the peripheral nerves of the gastrointestinal (GI) systems. The aim of this study is to clarify whether examination of GI and biliary surgical specimens would be useful for diagnosing LBD. We analyzed eight patients diagnosed clinically with LBD and with medical histories of GI or biliary surgery at our hospital. LP was identified by using ?-synuclein immunohistochemistry in GI and biliary surgical specimens obtained before, at or after the clinical onset of LBD. LP was frequently observed in Auerbach's plexus, Meissner's plexus and the subserosal nerve fascicles within the GI and biliary surgical specimens. LP was observed in the specimens obtained 7 years before the onset of LBD. Our approach does not require any invasive procedures for patients. The immunohistochemical analysis of anti- ?-synuclein antibody to archival GI or biliary surgical specimens from patients with clinically suspected LBD may contribute to clinical diagnosis of LBD. PMID:24817969
Adaptive numerical simulation of pulsating planar flames for large Lewis and Zeldovich ranges
We study numerically the behaviour of pulsating planar flames in the thermo-diffusive approximation. The numerical scheme is based on a finite volume discretization with an adaptive multi-resolution technique for automatic grid adaption. This allows an accurate and efficient computation of pulsating flames even for very large activation energies. Depending on the Lewis number and the Zeldovich number, we observe different behaviours, like stable or pulsating flames, the latter being either damped, periodic, or a-periodic. A bifurcation diagram in the Lewis-Zeldovich plane is computed and our results are compared with previous computations [Rogg B. The effect of Lewis number greater than unity on an unsteady propagating flame with one-step chemistry. In: Peters N, Warnatz J, editors, Numerical methods in laminar flame propagation, Notes on numerical fluid mechanics, vol. 6. Vieweg; 1982. p. 38-48.] and theoretical predictions [Joulin G, Clavin P. Linear stability analysis of nonadiabatic flames: diffusional-thermal model. Combust Flame 1979;35:139-53]. For Lewis numbers larger than 6 we find that the stability limit is again increasing towards larger Zeldovich numbers and not monotonically decreasing as predicted by the asymptotic theory. A study of the flame velocities for different Zeldovich numbers shows that the amplitude of the pulsations strongly varies with the Lewis number. A Fourier analysis yields information on their frequency.
Roussel, Olivier; Schneider, Kai
NASA Lewis Helps Develop Advanced Saw Blades for the Lumber Industry
NASA Lewis Research Center's Structures and Material Divisions are centers of excellence in high-temperature alloys for aerospace applications such as advanced aircraft and rocket engines. Lewis' expertise in these fields was enlisted in the development of a new generation of circular sawblades for the lumber industry to use in cutting logs into boards. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Forest Products Laboratory and their supplier had succeeded in developing a thinner sawblade by using a nickel-based alloy, but they needed to reduce excessive warping due to residual stresses. They requested assistance from Lewis' experts, who successfully eliminated the residual stress problem and increased blade strength by over 12 percent. They achieved this by developing an innovative heat treatment based on their knowledge of nickel-based superalloys used in aeropropulsion applications.
Adventures in Ichthyology: Pacific Northwest Fishes of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and other members of their expedition collected and identified nearly 400 species of plants and animals during the Voyage of Discovery. Of this total, 31 species of fish were included in Burrough�s summary of the natural history of the Expedition, including 12 fishes considered unknown to science at that time. While there is little doubt of the identity of fish for which Lewis and Clark provided detailed descriptions in their daily logs, other species designations were largely conjecture based on later scholars interpretation of the Lewis and Clarks account. Unlike other biological specimens encountered during the Expedition, no fishes were brought back for study. As a result, the identity of some fishes was never resolved. Many other fishes were reclassified during the past century based on updated scientific methods.
Life prediction of turbine components: On-going studies at the NASA Lewis Research Center
An overview is presented of the many studies at NASA-Lewis that form the turbine component life prediction program. This program has three phases: (1) development of life prediction methods for major failure modes through materials studies, (2) evaluation and improvement of these methods through a variety of burner rig studies on simulated components in research engines and advanced rigs. These three phases form a cooperative, interdisciplinary program. A bibliography of Lewis publications on fatigue, oxidation and coatings, and turbine engine alloys is included.
Spera, D. A.; Grisaffe, S. J.
2-kW Solar Dynamic Space Power System Tested in Lewis' Thermal Vacuum Facility
Working together, a NASA/industry team successfully operated and tested a complete solar dynamic space power system in a large thermal vacuum facility with a simulated sun. This NASA Lewis Research Center facility, known as Tank 6 in building 301, accurately simulates the temperatures, high vacuum, and solar flux encountered in low-Earth orbit. The solar dynamic space power system shown in the photo in the Lewis facility, includes the solar concentrator and the solar receiver with thermal energy storage integrated with the power conversion unit. Initial testing in December 1994 resulted in the world's first operation of an integrated solar dynamic system in a relevant environment.
Total synthesis of a sialyl Lewis(x) derivative for the diagnosis of cancer.
The total synthesis of aminoethyl glycoside of sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) is described. A galactose donor was condensed with a diol of glucosamine to afford regioselectively a ?1,4 linked disaccharide, which was further stereoselectively fucosylated to provide a protected Lewis(x) trisaccharide. After chemical modification, the trisaccharide was sialylated to give regio- and stereoselectively an azidoethyl glycoside of sLe(x). Finally, deprotection and azide reduction afforded the target compound. This compound will be coupled with protein and then be used to conduct further preclinical studies for the diagnosis of cancer. PMID:24333940
Lu, Dan; Hu, Yongzhou; He, Xianran; Sollogoub, Matthieu; Zhang, Yongmin
Relationship of Anti-Lewis x and Anti-Lewis y Antibodies in Serum Samples from Gastric Cancer and Chronic Gastritis Patients to Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Autoimmunity
Lewis (Le) antigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in the setting of Helicobacter pylori infection, and H. pylori-induced anti-Le antibodies have been described that cross- react with the gastric mucosa of both mice and humans. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of anti-Le antibodies in patients with H. pylori
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl aminoborollide derivatives of zirconium and hafnium. A new class of amphoteric molecule having both Lewis acidic and Lewis basic sites
Although dicarbollide complexes are similar to their bis(cyclopentadienyl) analogs in reactivity, the increase in overall negative charge generally reduces their electrophilicity. Moreover, crystal structure determinations for several dimeric dicarbollide complexes have revealed bridging interactions involving a B-H bond of the dicarbollide cage with the Lewis acidic metal that further reduce their reactivity. We have therefore examined the dianionic aminoborollide ligand, [C[sub 4]H[sub 4]BN(CHMe[sub 2])[sub 2
Quan, R.W.; Bazan, G.C.; Kiely, A.F.; Schaefer, W.P.; Bercaw, J.E. (California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA (United States))
"OrganicPad": An Interactive Freehand Drawing Application for Drawing Lewis Structures and the Development of Skills in Organic Chemistry
Lewis structures are important for learning chemistry as they serve as an essential link between the structure of chemical compounds and their function. Unfortunately, the creation of valid Lewis structures remains an elusive goal for many students. In recent years, several web-based programs have been created that allow students to receive�
Cooper, Melanie M.; Grove, Nathaniel P.; Pargas, Roy; Bryfczynski, Sam P.; Gatlin, Todd
Convective heat transfer measurements from a NACA 0012 airfoil in flight and in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel
Local heat transfer coefficients were measured on a smooth and roughened NACA 0012 airfoil. Heat transfer measurements on the 0.533 m chord airfoil were made both in flight on the NASA Lewis Twin Otter Icing Research Aircraft and in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). Roughness was obtained by the attachment of uniform 2 mm diameter hemispheres to the
Philip E. Poinsatte; G. James Vanfossen; Kenneth J. Dewitt
Immunohistochemical localization of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in brainstem-type and cortical Lewy bodies.
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) blocks the apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting caspases-3, 7, and 9. XIAP is negatively regulated by the mitochondrial serine protease, HtrA2/Omi. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of XIAP and the relationship between XIAP and HtrA2/Omi in patients with Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. We conducted immunohistochemical studies on XIAP in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from eight normal participants, 10 patients with Parkinson's disease, five patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, and seven patients with Alzheimer's disease, and then double-labeling immunohistochemistry for XIAP and HtrA2/Omi in sections from the Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies cases. Brainstem-type and cortical Lewy bodies were intensely immunostained for XIAP, and XIAP immunoreactivity was localized to the halos of brainstem-type Lewy bodies and to the entire bodies of cortical Lewy bodies. Double immunofluorescence analyses showed that XIAP and HtrA2/Omi immunoreactivities were colocalized to both types of Lewy bodies. Our results suggest that XIAP may be partially associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. PMID:22273571
Kawamoto, Yasuhiro; Ito, Hidefumi; Ihara, Masafumi; Takahashi, Ryosuke
Antidiabetic and cytotoxicity screening of five medicinal plants used by traditional African health practitioners in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, South Africa.
Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in South Africa and of concern to traditional African health practitioners in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, because they experience a high incidence of diabetic cases in their practices. A collaborative research project with these practitioners focused on the screening of Bulbine frutescens, Ornithogalum longibracteatum, Ruta graveolens, Tarchonanthus camphoratus and Tulbaghia violacea for antidiabetic and cytotoxic potential. In vitro glucose utilisation assays with Chang liver cells and C2C12 muscle cells, and growth inhibition assays with Chang liver cells were conducted. The aqueous extracts of Bulbine frutescens (143.5%), Ornithogalum longibracteatum (131.9%) and Tarchonanthus camphoratus (131.5%) showed significant increased glucose utilisation activity in Chang liver cells. The ethanol extracts of Ruta graveolens (136.9%) and Tulbaghia violacea (140.5%) produced the highest increase in glucose utilisation in C2C12 muscle cells. The ethanol extract of Bulbine frutescens produced the most pronounced growth inhibition (33.3%) on Chang liver cells. These findings highlight the potential for the use of traditional remedies in the future for the management of diabetes and it is recommended that combinations of these plants be tested in future. PMID:22238496
van Huyssteen, Mea; Milne, Pieter J; Campbell, Eileen E; van de Venter, Maryna
Size reduction of an ACTH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma in Nelson's syndrome by sodium valproate: effect of withdrawal and re-institution of treatment.
We describe herein the reduction in the size of an ACTH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma in a patient with Nelson's syndrome during chronic administration of sodium valproate, and the changes in tumour volume after withdrawal and re-institution of treatment. The patient had elevated plasma ACTH levels (1123-1255 pmol/l), which increased markedly after CRH stimulation. A first 4-month course of sodium valproate administration (600 mg/day, orally) was started. Plasma ACTH fell to 550-726 pmol/l with persistence of responsiveness to CRH; brain computed tomography showed a clearcut reduction of tumour size. One month after drug withdrawal, the tumour volume appeared unchanged and plasma ACTH values ranged between 374 and 440 pmol/l. One and a half year after drug withdrawal, a brain computed tomography showed re-expansion of the pituitary adenoma with evidence of suprasellar extension, which had never been seen previously. Plasma ACTH ranged between 113 and 199 pmol/l. A second course of sodium valproate was started; after three months, a brain computed tomography documented clearcut reduction of tumour volume from a suprasellar extension to a partially empty pituitary fossa. Plasma ACTH ranged from 396 to 542 pmol/l with persistence of responsiveness to CRH. The present report documents for the first time the reduction of tumour size in a patient with an ACTH-secreting macroadenoma by chronic administration of sodium valproate. PMID:2847474
Loli, P; Berselli, M E; Vignati, F; De Grandi, C; Tagliaferri, M
Lewis acid catalysis by lanthanide complexes with tris(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)methide ponytails in fluorous recyclable phase
Scandium and ytterbium tris(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)methide complexes are shown to be immobilized in fluorous recyclable phase and extremely efficient Lewis acid catalysts for alcohol acylation, Friedel�Crafts acylation, Diels�Alder reaction, and Mukaiyama aldol reaction by virtue of the highly electron-withdrawing effect of tris(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)methide ponytails without any hydrocarbon spacer.
Koichi Mikami; Yutaka Mikami; Yousuke Matsumoto; Joji Nishikido; Fumihiko Yamamoto; Hitoshi Nakajima
Synergy, compatibility, and innovation: merging Lewis acids with stereoselective enamine catalysis.
In recent years there has been an accelerated rate of development in the field of organocatalysis, with asymmetric organocatalysis now reaching full maturity. The invention of new organocatalytic reactions and the exploration of new concepts now appear in tandem with the application of organocatalytic techniques in the synthesis of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). After a "golden rush" in organocatalysis, researchers are now starting to combine different methods, thereby taking advantage of the significant benefits of synergy. Metals are used in combination with organocatalytic processes, thus reaching complexity that is found in nature, where enzymes take advantage of the presence of certain metals to increase the arsenal of organic transformations available. In this Focus review, we illustrate the possibility of a "happy marriage" between Lewis acids and organocatalytic stereoselective processes. Questions have been raised about the combination of Lewis acids and organocatalysis owing to the presence of water and/or strong bases in these processes. Some Lewis acids have been shown to be compatible with organocatalysis and concepts relating to their use will be illustrated herein. To summarize the fruitful use of Lewis acids in stereoselective organocatalytic processes, we will draw attention to the advantages and selectivity achieved using this method. PMID:24677815
Gualandi, Andrea; Mengozzi, Luca; Wilson, Claire M; Cozzi, Pier Giorgio
Cryptic MBP epitope 1�20 is inducing autoimmune anterior uveitis without EAE in Lewis rats
Lewis rats immunized with myelin basic protein (MBP) developed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and associated anterior uveitis (AU). Although several cryptic epitopes of MBP have strong encephalitogenic and uveitogenic properties, the peptide corresponding to the MBP residues 1�20 was uniquely capable of inducing AU without EAE. In this study, we showed that acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid did not
Shuguang Jiang; Anatol Arendt; Paul A Hargrave; Grazyna Adamus
NASA Lewis Research Center/University Graduate Research Program on Engine Structures
NASA Lewis Research Center established a graduate research program in support of the Engine Structures Research activities. This graduate research program focuses mainly on structural and dynamics analyses, computational mechanics, mechanics of composites and structural optimization. The broad objectives of the program, the specific program, the participating universities and the program status are briefly described.
Chamis, C. C.
Enantioselective one-pot synthesis of dihydroquinolones via BINOL-derived Lewis acid catalysis.
A high-yielding and diastereoselective route to biologically significant 2-aryl- and 2-alkyl-3-amido dihydroquinolones has been developed in up to 90?:?10 e.r. by employing a novel Lewis acidic BINOL-derived copper(ii) catalyst. PMID:24927823
Knipe, Peter C; Smith, Martin D
Tent of Many Voices: In the Footsteps of Lewis and Clark.
Presented by the National Park Service with the help of numerous Indian tribes and state, local, and federal agencies, an exhibit commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Lewis and Clark expedition will spend more than 3 years retracing the expedition's route. At each stop, local points of view will be presented. Presentations will be videotaped�
Flanagan, Joseph
Organo-Lewis acid as cocatalyst for cationic homogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerizations
Organo-Lewis acids of the formula BR'R".sub.2 wherein B is boron, R' is fluorinated biphenyl, and R" is a fluorinated phenyl, fluorinated biphenyl, or fluorinated polycyclic fused ring group, and cationic metallocene complexes formed therewith. Such complexes are useful as polymerization catalysts.
Marks, Tobin J. (Evanston, IL); Chen, You-Xian (Midland, MI)
Anatomy of an Organizational Change Effort at the Lewis Research Center.
By 1979, after a long decline following the end of the Apollo program, the Lewis Research Center found its very existence endangered because it was not doing the kind of research that could attract funding at the time. New management under Andrew J. Stofa...
J. R. Hawker R. S. Dali
Solid State Technology Branch of NASA Lewis Research Center: Fifth Annual Digest
The digest is a collection of papers written by the members of the Solid State Technology Branch of NASA Lewis Research Center from June 1992-June 1993. The papers cover a range of topics relating to superconductivity, monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC's), coplanar waveguide, and material characterization.
Lewis acid-catalysed formation of two-dimensional phthalocyanine covalent organic frameworks
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a new strategy for assembling organic semiconductors into robust networks with atomic precision and long-range order. General methods for COF synthesis will allow complex building blocks to be incorporated into these emerging materials. Here we report a new Lewis acid-catalysed protocol to form boronate esters directly from protected catechols and arylboronic acids. This transformation also
Eric L. Spitler; William R. Dichtel
In-vivo demonstration of dopaminergic degeneration in dementia with Lewy bodies.
With the dopaminergic presynaptic ligand FP-CIT and single photon emission tomography we have shown a severe dopaminergic degeneration in a patient with a necropsy confirmed diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We suggest that functional imaging of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway helps to distinguish DLB from Alzheimer's disease during life. PMID:10466669
Walker, Z; Costa, D C; Ince, P; McKeith, I G; Katona, C L
Technology requirements to be addressed by the NASA Lewis Research Center Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility program
The NASA Lewis Research Center is responsible for the planning and execution of a scientific program which will provide advance in space cryogenic fluid management technology. A number of future space missions were identified that require or could benefit from this technology. These fluid management technology needs were prioritized and a shuttle attached reuseable test bed, the cryogenic fluid management
J. C. Aydelott; R. S. Rudland
The digest is a collection of papers written by the members of the Solid State Technology Branch of NASA Lewis Research Center from June 1992-June 1993. The papers cover a range of topics relating to superconductivity, monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC`s), coplanar waveguide, and material characterization. Individual papers are abstracted separately on the data base.
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DC-SIGN binds ICAM-3 isolated from peripheral human leukocytes through Lewis x residues.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) binds to the alpha(L)beta(2) integrin and mediates the contact between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. It has been suggested that dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin of macrophages and DCs, is an additional ligand of ICAM-3. So far, the glycan structure mediating the interaction of native ICAM-3 with DC-SIGN is undefined. Here, we demonstrate that native ICAM-3 from human peripheral leukocytes binds recombinant DC-SIGN, is recognized by monoclonal Lewis x antibodies, and specifically interacts with DC-SIGN on immature DCs. The presence of Lewis x residues on ICAM-3 was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Investigations on different peripheral blood cell populations revealed that only ICAM-3 from granulocytes bound DC-SIGN. Cotransfection studies demonstrated that fucosyltransferase (FUT) IX and, to a significantly lesser extent, FUT IV, but not FUTs III and VII, mediate the synthesis of Lewis x residues on ICAM-3. These findings indicate that FUT IX is the main FUT mediating the synthesis of Lewis x residues of ICAM-3 in cells of the myeloid lineage, and that these residues bind DC-SIGN. The results suggest that ICAM-3 assists in the interaction of granulocytes with DC-SIGN of DCs. PMID:17145745
Bogoevska, Valentina; Nollau, Peter; Lucka, Lothar; Grunow, Detlef; Klampe, Birgit; Uotila, Liisa M; Samsen, Alexandra; Gahmberg, Carl G; Wagener, Christoph
Frequency and Case Identification of Dementia with Lewy Bodies Using the Revised Consensus Criteria
Objective: To find the proportion of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in a referral cohort of patients with a first-time diagnosis of mild dementia. Background: The proportion of DLB among the dementia sufferers is not known and the clinical consensus criteria have low sensitivity. We employed the revised DLB criteria to study the proportion with DLB in a community sample
Dag Aarsland; Arvid Rongve; Sabine Piepenstock Nore; Ragnhild Skogseth; Siri Skulstad; Uwe Ehrt; Dagne Hoprekstad; Clive Ballard
On the stability of multiple steady planar flames when the Lewis number is less than 1
We consider the propagation of a planar premixed flame in an infinite tube, with one-step chemistry. We investigate the uniqueness and stability of the travelling-wave solutions for this problem, and show that there may exist two distinct stable solutions when the Lewis is less than 1.
Bonnet, Alexis; Larrouturou, Bernard; Sainsaulieu, Lionel
NASA Lewis Research Center low-gravity fluid management technology program
A history of the Lewis Research Center in space fluid management technology program is presented. Current programs which include numerical modeling of fluid systems, heat exchanger/radiator concept studies, and the design of the Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility are discussed. Recent analytical and experimental activities performed to support the Shuttle/Centaur development activity are highlighted.
Aydelott, J. C.; Carney, M. J.; Hochstein, J. I.
Enantioselective Bromocycloetherification by Lewis Base/Chiral Br?nsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis
A binary catalyst system for the enantioselective bromocycloetherification of 5-arylpentenols is d e scribed. The combination of an achiral Lewis base and a chiral Br�nsted acid affords good enantioselectivities for the cyclization of Z configured 5-arylpentenols to form bromomethyltetrahydrofurans. The constitutional site selectivity is high dependent upon the aromatic substituent and the configuration of the double bond.
Burk, Matthew T.
Enantioselective bromocycloetherification by Lewis base/chiral Br�nsted acid cooperative catalysis.
A binary catalyst system for the enantioselective bromocycloetherification of 5-arylpentenols is described. The combination of an achiral Lewis base and a chiral Br�nsted acid affords good enantioselectivities for the cyclization of Z configured 5-arylpentenols to form bromomethyltetrahydrofurans. The constitutional site selectivity is highly dependent upon the aromatic substituent and the configuration of the double bond. PMID:22145621
Denmark, Scott E; Burk, Matthew T
The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease
The Lewy body is a distinctive neuronal inclusion that is always found in the substantia nigra and other specific brain regions in Parkinson's disease. It is mainly composed of structurally altered neurofilament, and occurs wherever there is excessive loss of neurons. It occurs in some elderly individuals and rarely in other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. In 273
W R Gibb; A J Lees
Lewis Temple and Hunting the Whale (VHS 1/2 inch) (Video).
An excellent presentation about the contribution of an African American, Lewis Temple, during the first half of the 19th century. This period was the highlight of the golden age of whaling and was an exciting time for the world's whaling craft. There was ...
Lewis Temple and Hunting the Whale (VHS 3/4 inch) (Video).
Pentagon copying is more impaired in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Alzheimer's disease
OBJECTIVESIn many cases the clinical differentiation of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been difficult. Because many neuropsychological studies have reported greater visuospatial\\/constructional impairment in DLB than in AD, it was determined whether accuracy in copying the interlocking pentagons item on the mini mental state examination (MMSE) may be helpful in distinguishing
T A Ala; L F Hughes; G A Kyrouac; M W Ghobrial; R J Elble
Natural Science of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: Activities for Grades K-12.
Describes activities for K-12 students, most of which are adapted from "The Lewis and Clark Expedition: Scientific Discovery Educator's Resource Guide" created by the partnership of Fort Clatsop National Memorial and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (Author/KHR)
Eid, Nancy; Elvidge, Janice; Osborn, JoAnn; Minard, Barbara
Providing Total Quality Fundamentals: 1995 Workshops for the NASA Lewis Research Center's Technical Services Directorate
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) agency-wide movement to cultivate a quality workplace is the basis for Lewis Research Center to implement Total Quality Fundamentals (TQF) initiatives. The Lewis Technical Services Directorate (TSD) introduced the Total Quality Fundamentals (TQF) workshops to its work force as an opportunity to introduce the concepts and principles of TQF. These workshops also provided the participants with the opportunity to dialogue with fellow TSD employees and managers. This report describes, through the perspective of the Lewis TSD TQF Coaches, how the TQF work- shop process was accomplished in TSD. It describes the structure for addressing the need, implementation process, input the TSD Coaches provided, common themes and concerns raised, conclusions, and recommendations. The Coaches concluded that these types of workshops could be the key to open the communication channels that are necessary to help everyone at Lewis understand where they fit in the organization. TQF workshops can strengthen the participant's connection with the Mission, Vision of the Center, and Vision of the Agency. Reconunendations are given based on these conclusions that can help the TSD Quality Board develop attainable measures towards a quality workplace.
Antczak, Paul; Jacinto,Gilda; Simek, Jimmy
Lewis number and Damkohler number effects in vort ex-flame interactions
A combined experimental-numerical study of the interaction of a two-dimensional vortex pair with a plane premixed laminar flame has been carried out. The selected geometry is two-dimensional in order to allow for the use of quantitative line-of-sight measurement techniques and for comparisons with two-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The experiment is used to identify possible effects of the Lewis number and of radiative heat losses, and direct numerical simulations reproducing the experimental conditions are used to investigate the role of the Lewis number, of heat losses, and of multi-step kinetics. The heat losses considered in this study are essentially radiative losses from the burnt gases and do not include conductive losses to the walls. This report presents the final results of this study of vortex-flame interactions. The main result is the creation of experimental data sets of vortex-flame interactions, which demonstrate the importance of the Lewis and Damkohler numbers to the flame and which allow for comparison with direct numerical simulations. In turn, the comparison between experimental and numerical results shows that the Lewis number effects and complex chemistry play significant roles, which can be reproduced using a two-step reaction mechanism.
Samaniego, Jean-Michael
Test facilities of the structural dynamics branch of NASA Lewis Research Center
The NASA Lewis Research Center Structural Dynamics Branch conducts experimental and analytical research related to the structural dynamics of aerospace propulsion and power systems. The experimental testing facilities of the branch are examined. Presently there are 10 research rigs and 4 laboratories within the branch. These facilities are described along with current and past research work.
Montague, Gerald T.; Kielb, Robert E.
Lewis Structure Representation of Free Radicals Similar to ClO
The study describes the Lewis structure representation of various free radicals, which are quite similar to the ClO radical and its isoelectronic analogues. The analysis of the periodic trends of these radicals shows that oxygen is the most electronegative atom among them.
Hirsch, Warren; Kobrak, Mark
Gear Noise, Vibration, and Diagnostic Studies at NASA Lewis Research Center.
The NASA Lewis Research Center and the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command are involved in a joint research program to advance the technology of rotorcraft transmissions. This program consists of analytical as well as experimental efforts to achieve the ov...
J. J. Zakrajsek F. B. Oswald D. P. Townsend J. J. Coy
Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and other members of their expedition collected and identified nearly 400 species of plants and animals during the Voyage of Discovery. Of this total, 31 species of fish were included in Burrough�s summary of the natural history of the Expedition, including 12 fishes considered unknown to science at that time. While there is little
Dauble; Dennis D
A. G. Vernon Harcourt: A Founder of Chemical Kinetics and a Friend of "Lewis Carroll."
Outlines the life of A. G. Vernon Harcourt, a founder of chemical kinetics, contributor to the purification of coal gas from sulfur compounds, inventor of the percentage chloroform inhaler, friend to Lewis Carroll, and instructor to the Prince of Wales. (CS)
Shorter, John
Summary of NASA-Lewis Research Center solar heating and cooling and wind energy programs
NASA is planning to construct and operate a solar heating and cooling system in conjunction with a new office building being constructed at Langley Research Center. The technology support for this project will be provided by a solar energy program underway at NASA's Lewis Research Center. The solar program at Lewis includes: testing of solar collectors with a solar simulator, outdoor testing of collectors, property measurements of selective and nonselective coatings for solar collectors, and a solar model-systems test loop. NASA-Lewis has been assisting the National Science Foundation and now the Energy Research and Development Administration in planning and executing a national wind energy program. The areas of the wind energy program that are being conducted by Lewis include: design and operation of a 100 kW experimental wind generator, industry-designed and user-operated wind generators in the range of 50 to 3000 kW, and supporting research and technology for large wind energy systems. An overview of these activities is provided.
Vernon, R. W.
Lewy body densities in the entorhinal and anterior cingulate cortex predict cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
Previous studies reported an association between cortical Lewy body (LB) formation and dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear whether cognitive decline in this disorder is related to specific patterns of LB distribution within the cerebral cortex. Moreover, the prediction of cognitive status based on concomitant assessment of LB and Alzheimer's disease lesions has led to conflicting results.
Enik� K�vari; Gabriel Gold; Fran�ois R. Herrmann; Alessandra Canuto; Patrick R. Hof; Constantin Bouras; Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
Density functional studies on Lewis acidity of alkaline earth metal exchanged faujasite zeolite
Lewis acidity of alkaline earth metal exchanged faujasite zeolite is investigated using density functional based reactivity descriptors with a 6T ring cluster which represents active site of the zeolite. We calculated global reactivity descriptors such as chemical hardness, chemical softness, electrophilicity index of the optimised cluster and local reactivity descriptors namely fukui function and relative electrophilicity of the exchanged cations
P. Mondal; K. K. Hazarika; A. Deka; R. C. Deka
In the 1979 water year, a water quality study was completed on Big Canyon Creek in Lewis and Nez Perce Counties, Idaho (17060306). The study was conducted to obtain background information for development of effluent limitations for the Cities of Peck and Nezperce and to determin...
The Lewis and Clark Expedition: Documenting the Uncharted Northwest. Teaching with Historic Places.
Beginning a journey mid-May 1804, what became known as the Corps of Discovery, under the command of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, set out to investigate the newly acquired Louisiana Territory, locate a water route to the Pacific Ocean, and strengthen U.S. claims to the northwest. The 55-member group navigated a variety of terrains and�
Campbell-Page, Theresa; Chin, Mike
DOE large horizontal axis wind turbine development at NASA Lewis Research Center
Large wind turbine activities managed by NASA Lewis are reviewed. These activities include results from the first and second generation field machines (Mod-OA, -1, and -2), the status of the Department of Interior WTS-4 machine for which NASA is responsible for technical management, and the design phase of the third generation wind turbines (Mod-5).
Linscott, B. S.
Structural Basis for the Recognition of Lewis Antigens by Genogroup I Norovirus
Noroviruses (NoVs) bind to histo-blood group antigens, namely, ABH antigens and Lewis antigens. We previously showed the NoVs GI/2, GI/3, GI/4, and GI/8 were able to strongly bind to Lewis a (Lea) antigen, which is expressed by individuals who are nonsecretors. In this study, to investigate how Lewis antigens interact with GI NoV virion protein 1 (VP1), we determined the crystal structures of the P domain of the VP1 protein from the Funabashi 258 (FUV258) strain (GI/2) in complexes with Lea, Leb, H type 1, or A type 1 antigens. The structures were compared with those of the NV/68 strain (GI/1), which does not bind to the Lea antigen. The four loop structures, loop P, loop S, loop A, and loop B, continuously deviated by more than 2 � in length between the C? atoms of the corresponding residues of the FUV258 and NV/68 P domains. The most pronounced differences between the two VP1 proteins were observed in the structures of loop P. In the FUV258 P domain, loop P protruded toward the next protomer, forming a Lea antigen-binding site. The Gln389 residue make a significant contribution to the binding of the Lea antigen through the stabilization of loop P as well as through direct interactions with the ?4-fucosyl residue (?4Fuc) of the Lea antigen. Mutation of the Gln389 residue dramatically affected the degree of binding of the Lewis antigens. Collectively, these results suggest that loop P and the amino acid residue at position 389 affect Lewis antigen binding.
Kubota, Tomomi; Kumagai, Akiko; Ito, Hiromi; Furukawa, Sanae; Someya, Yuichi; Takeda, Naokazu; Ishii, Koji; Wakita, Takaji
DSM/Federal Energy Efficiency Partnership Program at Fort Lewis, Washington
The Energy Systems Modernization Office at Pacific Northwest Laboratory is developing and applying the Federal Energy Decision Screening (FEDS) system for federal installations in cooperation with the servicing utility(s). In the process, we conduct an installation-wide, fuel-blind energy-efficiency resource assessment, identify the most life-cycle cost-effective technologies, work with the servicing utility to develop a program to implement energy conservation projects and technologies, evaluate rates and rate structures, and contribute to the design and implementation of an energy savings verification procedure to evaluate the impact of installed technologies. Fort Lewis was identified as a site for a pilot program which would result in a model approach to apply to other federal installations. Fort Lewis, a large (population 35,000) military installation in Tacoma, Washington, purchases electricity through Tacoma Public Utilities (TPU). TPU in turn purchases electricity through the Bonneville Power Administration. Fort Lewis has an annual electric load of about 195,000 megawatt-hours (MWh)({approximately}40 MW). An energy conservation supply curve for the Fort was developed showing the amount of electric energy savings that can be achieved at different prices for energy saved. From these data, a proposal was prepared for acquiring approximately 43,000 kilowatt-hours of annual cost-effective electric energy savings. This proposal identified investment requirements at the Fort and the likely energy and dollar savings which will result from the investment. Approximately $10 million of investment in electrical energy efficient end-use technology was estimated to be cost-effective at Fort Lewis under this arrangement. The result is that Fort Lewis will see a reduction in its electric bill of approximately $500,000/year.
Parker, G.B.; Secrest, T.J. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Flood, N. [Operations and Management Div., Fort Lewis, Washington (United States); Gillespie, A. [Army Forces Command, Atlanta, GA (United States)
DSM/Federal Energy Efficiency Partnership Program at Fort Lewis, Washington. [Demand Side Management (DSM)
The Energy Systems Modernization Office at Pacific Northwest Laboratory is developing and applying the Federal Energy Decision Screening (FEDS) system for federal installations in cooperation with the servicing utility(s). In the process, we conduct an installation-wide, fuel-blind energy-efficiency resource assessment, identify the most life-cycle cost-effective technologies, work with the servicing utility to develop a program to implement energy conservation projects and technologies, evaluate rates and rate structures, and contribute to the design and implementation of an energy savings verification procedure to evaluate the impact of installed technologies. Fort Lewis was identified as a site for a pilot program which would result in a model approach to apply to other federal installations. Fort Lewis, a large (population 35,000) military installation in Tacoma, Washington, purchases electricity through Tacoma Public Utilities (TPU). TPU in turn purchases electricity through the Bonneville Power Administration. Fort Lewis has an annual electric load of about 195,000 megawatt-hours (MWh)([approximately]40 MW). An energy conservation supply curve for the Fort was developed showing the amount of electric energy savings that can be achieved at different prices for energy saved. From these data, a proposal was prepared for acquiring approximately 43,000 kilowatt-hours of annual cost-effective electric energy savings. This proposal identified investment requirements at the Fort and the likely energy and dollar savings which will result from the investment. Approximately $10 million of investment in electrical energy efficient end-use technology was estimated to be cost-effective at Fort Lewis under this arrangement. The result is that Fort Lewis will see a reduction in its electric bill of approximately $500,000/year.
Parker, G.B.; Secrest, T.J. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)); Flood, N. (Operations and Management Div., Fort Lewis, Washington (United States)); Gillespie, A. (Army Forces Command, Atlanta, GA (United States))
VITA-D: Cholecalciferol substitution in vitamin D deficient kidney transplant recipients: A randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the post-transplant outcome
Background Vitamin D does not only regulate calcium homeostasis but also plays an important role as an immune modulator. It influences the immune system through the induction of immune shifts and regulatory cells resulting in immunologic tolerance. As such, vitamin D is thought to exert beneficial effects within the transplant setting, especially in kidney transplant recipients, considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in kidney transplant recipients. Methods/Design The VITA-D study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study with two parallel groups including a total of 200 kidney transplant recipients, is designed to investigate the immunomodulatory and renoprotective effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) within the transplant setting. Kidney transplant recipients found to have vitamin D deficiency defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 < 50 nmol per liter will be randomly assigned to receive either oral cholecalciferol therapy or placebo and will be followed for one year. Cholecalciferol will be administered at a dose of 6800 International Units daily over a time period of one year. The objective is to evaluate the influence of vitamin D3 substitution in vitamin D deficient kidney transplant recipients on the post-transplant outcome. As a primary endpoint glomerular filtration rate calculated with the MDRD formula (modification of diet in renal disease) one year after kidney transplantation will be evaluated. Incidence of acute rejection episodes, and the number and severity of infections (analyzed by means of C-reactive protein) within the first year after transplantation will be monitored as well. As a secondary endpoint the influence of vitamin D3 on bone mineral density within the first year post-transplant will be assessed. Three DXA analyses will be performed, one within the first four weeks post-transplant, one five months and one twelve months after kidney transplantation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00752401
Thiem, Ursula; Heinze, Georg; Segel, Rudolf; Perkmann, Thomas; Kainberger, Franz; Muhlbacher, Ferdinand; Horl, Walter; Borchhardt, Kyra
Abnormal Neurites Containing C-Terminally Truncated ?-Synuclein Are Present in Alzheimer's Disease without Conventional Lewy Body Pathology
The pathological hallmark of Parkinson�s disease and diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) is the aggregation of ?-synuclein (?-syn) in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Patients with both Alzheimer�s disease (AD) and cortical Lewy pathology represent the Lewy body variant of AD (LBV) and constitute 25% of AD cases. C-terminally truncated forms of ?-syn enhance the aggregation of ?-syn in vitro. To investigate the presence of C-terminally truncated ?-syn in DLBD, AD, and LBV, we generated and validated polyclonal antibodies to truncated ?-syn ending at residues 110 (?-syn110) and 119 (?-syn119), two products of 20S proteosome-mediated endoproteolytic cleavage. Double immunofluorescence staining of the cingulate cortex showed that ?-syn110 and ?-syn140 (full-length) aggregates were not colocalized in LBV. All aggregates containing ?-syn140 also contained ?-syn119; however, some aggregates contained ?-syn119 without ?-syn140, suggesting that ?-syn119 may stimulate aggregate formation. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis of tissue microarrays of the cingulate cortex from patients with DLBD (n = 27), LBV (n = 27), and AD (n = 19) and age-matched controls (n = 15) revealed that AD is also characterized by frequent abnormal neurites containing ?-syn119. Notably, these neurites did not contain ?-syn ending at residues 110 or 122-140. The presence of abnormal neurites containing ?-syn119 in AD without conventional Lewy pathology suggests that AD and Lewy body disease may be more closely related than previously thought.
Lewis, Karen A.; Su, Yang; Jou, Olina; Ritchie, Caroline; Foong, Chan; Hynan, Linda S.; White, Charles L.; Thomas, Philip J.; Hatanpaa, Kimmo J.
Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is the dominant pathological modification of alpha-synuclein in familial and sporadic Lewy body disease.
A comprehensive, unbiased inventory of synuclein forms present in Lewy bodies from patients with dementia with Lewy bodies was carried out using two-dimensional immunoblot analysis, novel sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with modification-specific synuclein antibodies, and mass spectroscopy. The predominant modification of alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies is a single phosphorylation at Ser-129. In addition, there is a set of characteristic modifications that are present to a lesser extent, including ubiquitination at Lys residues 12, 21, and 23 and specific truncations at Asp-115, Asp-119, Asn-122, Tyr-133, and Asp-135. No other modifications are detectable by tandem mass spectrometry mapping, except for a ubiquitous N-terminal acetylation. Small amounts of Ser-129 phosphorylated and Asp-119-truncated alpha-synuclein are present in the soluble fraction of both normal and disease brains, suggesting that these Lewy body-associated forms are produced during normal metabolism of alpha-synuclein. In contrast, ubiquitination is only detected in Lewy bodies and is primarily present on phosphorylated synuclein; it therefore likely occurs after phosphorylated synuclein has deposited into Lewy bodies. This invariant pattern of specific phosphorylation, truncation, and ubiquitination is also present in the detergent-insoluble fraction of brain from patients with familial Parkinson's disease (synuclein A53T mutation) as well as multiple system atrophy, suggesting a common pathogenic pathway for both genetic and sporadic Lewy body diseases. These observations are most consistent with a model in which preferential accumulation of normally produced Ser-129 phosphorylated alpha-synuclein is the key event responsible for the formation of Lewy bodies in various Lewy body diseases. PMID:16847063
Anderson, John P; Walker, Donald E; Goldstein, Jason M; de Laat, Rian; Banducci, Kelly; Caccavello, Russell J; Barbour, Robin; Huang, Jiping; Kling, Kristin; Lee, Michael; Diep, Linnea; Keim, Pamela S; Shen, Xiaofeng; Chataway, Tim; Schlossmacher, Michael G; Seubert, Peter; Schenk, Dale; Sinha, Sukanto; Gai, Wei Ping; Chilcote, Tamie J
Lewis acid-promoted cyclization reactions of alkenyl ethenetricarboxylates: stereoselective synthesis of 2-oxotetrahydrofurans and 2-oxopyrrolidines.
Lewis acid-promoted intramolecular reactions of alkenyl ethenetricarboxylates and the corresponding amides have been examined. Reaction of allyl ethenetricarboxylates and the amides with Lewis acids (1-2 equiv) such as TiCl4, TiBr4, AlCl3, and AlBr3 gave 3,4-trans-halogenomethyl 2-oxotetrahydrofuran and pyrrolidine derivatives stereoselectively in high yields. The stereochemistries were determined by NOE experiments. Reaction of alkyl-substituted allylic ethenetricarboxylates with Lewis acids gave chloro 2-oxotetrahydrofurans and pyrans. For some alkyl-substituted substrates, cationic intermediates may be formed under the reaction conditions, and rearranged products have been obtained. PMID:23885757
Yamazaki, Shoko; Fujinami, Ken; Maitoko, Yuki; Ueda, Khota; Kakiuchi, Kiyomi
Modelling mucoadhesion by use of surface energy terms obtained from the Lewis acid-Lewis base approach. II. Studies on anionic, cationic, and unionisable polymers.
Surface energies of carbopol, chitosan, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and poly(HEMA) were assessed from contact angle and surface tension experiments. The surface energy was considered in terms of an apolar Lifshitz-van der Waals term and a polar acid-base term, which in turn is divided into electron donor and electron receptor (Lewis acid-Lewis base) contributions. Using these surface energy terms the interaction of dry and hydrated polymer with mucin in the presence of either artificial gastric or intestinal fluid, or saline was predicted. The predictions were related to measured forces of detachment. There was a significant difference between the surface energy on dry and hydrated HPC and also for carbopol; for the other polymers either the surface energy of the hydrated material was not detectable, or the effect of hydration was minimal. There were good correlations between mucoadhesive strength and the calculated free energies of interaction between mucin and polymer in the presence of each of the fluids, for each individual polymer. Thus, two trends were observed, one for unionisable and the other for ionisable polymers. It is argued that the increased mucoadhesion seen with ionisable polymers (compared with the predicted value based on results of unionisable polymers) is a direct result of the ionic interaction. No attempt has been made to correct for the ionisation effect, but the surface energy predictions provide insight into the mechanism of the mucoadhesion process. This approach is useful for understanding and predicting interactions between different materials and biological components. PMID:7479551
Rillosi, M; Buckton, G
Lewis X oligosaccharides-heparanase complex targeting to DCs enhance antitumor response in mice.
Heparanase has been proved as an promising tumor antigen for the therapeutical target. However, the antigen alone cannot fully elicit the immune response in vivo. In this study, Lewis X oligosaccharides-heparanase complex was prepared, which can target to the dendritic cells (DCs) via dendritic cell-specific intercellular-adhesion-molecule-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN). In addition, the DCs were loaded with the complex, and then were utilized to immunize mice to detect the immune response. Our data demonstrated that the modified DCs could enhance the specific IFN-? production and cytotoxic T cell response. Furthermore, the modified DCs could also significantly suppress the established tumor growth and prolong the life span of tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the Lewis X oligosaccharides-heparanase complex might be regarded as an ideal vaccine, and represent a novel way for the therapeutical strategy of tumor. PMID:21570677
Chen, Hongjie; Yuan, Bangqing; Zheng, Zhaocong; Liu, Zheng; Wang, Shousen
NASA Lewis Helps Company With New Single-Engine Business Turbojet
Century Aerospace Corporation, a small company in Albuquerque, New Mexico, is developing a six-seat aircraft powered by a single turbofan engine for general aviation. The company had completed a preliminary design of the jet but needed analyses and testing to proceed with detailed design and subsequent fabrication of a prototype aircraft. NASA Lewis Research Center used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses to ferret out areas of excessive curvature in the inlet where separation might occur. A preliminary look at the results indicated very good inlet performance; and additional calculations, performed with vortex generators installed in the inlet, led to even better results. When it was initially determined that the airflow distortion pattern at the compressor face fell outside of the limits set by the engine manufacturer, the Lewis team studied possible solutions, selected the best, and provided recommendations. CFD results for the inlet system were so good that wind tunnel tests were unnecessary.
Applied high-speed imaging for the icing research program at NASA Lewis Research Center
The Icing Research Tunnel at NASA Lewis Research Center provides scientists a scaled, controlled environment to simulate natural icing events. The closed-loop, low speed, refrigerated wind tunnel offers the experimental capability to test for icing certification requirements, analytical model validation and calibration techniques, cloud physics instrumentation refinement, advanced ice protection systems, and rotorcraft icing methodology development. The test procedures for these objectives all require a high degree of visual documentation, both in real-time data acquisition and post-test image processing. Information is provided to scientific, technical, and industrial imaging specialists as well as to research personnel about the high-speed and conventional imaging systems will be on the recent ice protection technology program. Various imaging examples for some of the tests are presented. Additional imaging examples are available from the NASA Lewis Research Center's Photographic and Printing Branch.
Slater, Howard; Owens, Jay; Shin, Jaiwon
Development of efficient Lewis acid catalysts for intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of ester-tethered substrates.
We have developed novel bidentate Lewis acids that efficiently promote the intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of ester-tethered substrates. Bis-aluminated triflic amide derivatives [TfN(AlR(1)R(2))2], which are generated by simply mixing triflic amide and 2 equiv of methyl aluminum or aluminum hydride, catalyzed intramolecular Diels-Alder (DA) reactions of ester-tethered 1,7,9-trienes and intermolecular DA reactions of alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones. We also found that bimetallic Lewis acid derived from 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-di(triflyl)amide and dimethylaluminum chloride promoted the intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of acrylate derivatives having an allylsilane part. PMID:17549689
Taguchi, Takeo; Saito, Akio; Yanai, Hikaru
Drive System Enhancement in the NASA Lewis Research Center Supersonic Wind Tunnels
An overview of NASA Lewis' Aeropropulsion Wind Tunnel Productivity Improvements was presented at the 19th AIAA Advanced Measurement & Ground Testing Technology Conference. Since that time Lewis has implemented subsonic operation in their 10- by 10-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel as had been proven viable in the 8- by 6 and 9- by 15-Foot Wind Tunnel Complex and discussed at the aforementioned conference. In addition, two more years of data have been gathered to help quantify the true productivity increases in these facilities attributable to the drive system and operational improvements. This paper was invited for presentation at the 20th Advanced Measurement and Ground Testing Conference to discuss and quantify the productivity improvements in the 10- by 10 SWT since the implementation of less than full complement motor operation. An update on the increased productivity at the 8- by 6 and 9- by 15-Foot facility due to drive system enhancements will also be presented.
Becks, Edward A.
Dreaming and hallucinations - continuity or discontinuity? Perspectives from dementia with Lewy bodies.
Comparing the phenomenology, neurochemical pathology, and psychopharmacology of hallucinations and dreaming is limited by the available data. Evidence to date reveals no simple correspondence between the two states. Differences in the phenomenology of visual hallucinations and the visual component of dreams may reflect variations in visual context acting on the same underlying mechanism - the minimal visual input during dreaming contrasts with the more substantial perceived context in hallucinations. Variations in cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter function during sleep and during hallucinations in Lewy body dementias, together with relevant drug effects suggest that, on the whole, different, potentially opposite, changes characterise the two states. A similar analysis of other psychotic features in Lewy body dementia and other disorders suggests that, in contrast to hallucinations, there may be more convincing parallels between dreaming and delusional states. PMID:21531149
Collerton, Daniel; Perry, Elaine
Organo-Lewis acids of enhanced utility, uses thereof, and products based thereon
The organo-Lewis acids are novel triarylboranes which are are highly fluorinated. Triarylboranes of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These organoboranes have a Lewis acid strength essentially equal to or greater than that of the corresponding organoborane in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine, or have greater solubility in organic solvents. Another type of new organoboranes have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups. When used as a cocatalyst in the formation of novel catalytic complexes with d- or f-block metal compounds having at least one leaving group such as a methyl group, these triorganoboranes, because of their ligand abstracting properties, produce corresponding anions which are capable of only weakly, if at all, coordinating to the metal center, and thus do not interfere in various polymerization processes such as are described.
The organo-Lewis acids are novel triarylboranes which are highly fluorinated. Triarylboranes of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These organoboranes have a Lewis acid strength essentially equal to or greater than that of the corresponding organoborane in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine, or have greater solubility in organic solvents. Another type of new organoboranes have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups. When used as a cocatalyst in the formation of novel catalytic complexes with d- or f-block metal compounds having at least one leaving group such as a methyl group, these triorganoboranes, because of their ligand abstracting properties, produce corresponding anions which are capable of only weakly, if at all, coordinating to the metal center, and thus do not interfere in various polymerization processes such as are described.
Elk Monitoring Protocol for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Version 1.0
Maintaining elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) herds that frequent Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (NHP) is central to the park�s purpose of preserving the historic, cultural, scenic, and natural resources. Elk were critical to sustaining the members of the Lewis and Clark expedition by providing food and clothing over the winter of 1805-1806. Today, elk viewing opportunities in the park and surrounding region generate broad appeal with the visiting public, which number over 250,000 per year at the Fort Clatsop visitor center. This protocol describes procedures for monitoring trends in the use of the Fort Clatsop area by Roosevelt elk. Specific objectives of elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark NHP are to measure the relative use and proportion of area used by elk during winter in the Fort Clatsop Unit of the park, and the rate at which elk are sighted from roads in and around the park. Relative use and the proportion of area used by elk are determined from elk fecal pellet surveys conducted every other year in the Fort Clatsop park unit. Pairs of observers visit a systematic array of permanent plots in the fall to clear them of elk fecal pellets, and return to the plots in late winter to count elk fecal pellets that have accumulated during winter. Half of the subplots are counted by two independent observers, which allows for the estimation of relative use and proportion of area occupied by elk with analyses of detection biases that account for unseen elk pellet groups. Standardized road surveys are conducted in and near the Fort Clatsop park unit three or four times monthly during alternate months. Data from road surveys are used to quantify the rate that park visitors would be expected to see elk, when driving the selected set of routes. The monitoring protocol is based on three field seasons of development and testing. The protocol narrative describes the background, rationale, sampling design, field methods, analytical methods, data management, reporting, personnel requirements, and operational requirements for elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark NHP. The sampling design reflects tradeoffs between statistical and ecological considerations, safety, and current budget considerations. The protocol provides adequate power to detect a doubling or halving of elk use in the Fort Clatsop unit and surrounding areas within 15 years. Step-by-step guidance for planning and completing the monitoring tasks are in the attached standard operating procedures (SOPs). Information on the status and trends of elk use in Lewis and Clark NHP will allow park managers to assess the effects on elk of restoration programs within the park, build community partnerships, and identify potential linkages between regional land use changes and elk use of the Park. Lewis and Clark NHP has an active ecological restoration program that aims to recreate, where possible, ecological conditions that Lewis and Clark encountered. The restoration program includes an extensive exotic plant removal program, wetland restoration, and silvicultural treatments that will hasten development of late-seral conditions in recently acquired forest lands of the Fort Clatsop park unit. In the future, monitoring results can be used to test for spatial associations between ecological restoration treatments and relative use by elk. The park also plans to feature results from elk monitoring prominently in its educational outreach activities to help interpret the historical and current ecological context of the Lewis and Clark story, and engender public support for the park mission and management activities. Although NPS does not manage non-park lands, information about trends in the distribution of elk use will be valuable in public outreach and discussions with other partnering agencies and regional private landowners.
Kurt J Jenkins;Paul Griffin;John R. Boetsch;Carla Cole
Overview of NASA Lewis Research Center Free-Piston Stirling Engine Technology Activities Applicable to Space Power Systems.
An overview is presented of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center free-piston Stirling engine activities directed toward space-power application. One of the major elements of the program is the development of advan...
System Critical Design Audit (CDA). Books 1, 2 and 3; [Small Satellite Technology Initiative (SSTI Lewis Spacecraft Program)
Small Satellite Technology Initiative (SSTI) Lewis Spacecraft Program is evaluated. Spacecraft integration, test, launch, and spacecraft bus are discussed. Payloads and technology demonstrations are presented. Mission data management system and ground segment are also addressed.
Decommissioning Samples from the Ft. Lewis, WA, Solvent Refined Coal Pilot Plant: Chemical Analysis and Biological Testing.
This report presents the results from chemical analyses and limited biological assays of three sets of samples from the Ft. Lewis, WA solvent refined coal (SRC) pilot plant. The samples were collected during the process of decommissioning this facility. C...
W. C. Weimer C. W. Wright
Tetrahydrobiopterin Restores Diastolic Function and Attenuates Superoxide Production in Ovariectomized mRen2.Lewis Rats
After oophorectomy, mRen2.Lewis rats exhibit diastolic dysfunction associated with elevated superoxide, increased cardiac neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, and diminished myocardial tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) content, effects that are attenuated with selective nNOS inhibition. BH4 is an essential cofactor of nNOS catalytic activity leading to nitric oxide production. Therefore, we assessed the effect of 4 wk BH4 supplementation on diastolic function and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in oophorectomized mRen2.Lewis rats compared with sham-operated controls. Female mRen2.Lewis rats underwent either bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) (n = 19) or sham operation (n = 13) at 4 wk of age. Beginning at 11 wk of age, OVX rats were randomized to receive either BH4 (10 mg/kg � d) or saline, whereas the sham rats received saline via sc mini-pumps. Loss of ovarian hormones reduced cardiac BH4 when compared with control hearts; this was associated with impaired myocardial relaxation, augmented filling pressures, increased collagen deposition, and thickened LV walls. Additionally, superoxide production increased and nitric oxide decreased in hearts from OVX compared with sham rats. Chronic BH4 supplementation after OVX improved diastolic function and attenuated LV remodeling while restoring myocardial nitric oxide release and preventing reactive oxygen species generation. These data indicate that BH4 supplementation protects against the adverse effects of ovarian hormonal loss on diastolic function and cardiac structure in mRen2.Lewis rats by restoring myocardial NO release and mitigating myocardial O2? generation. Whether BH4 supplementation is a therapeutic option for the management of diastolic dysfunction in postmenopausal women will require direct testing in humans.
Jessup, Jewell A.; Zhang, Lili; Presley, Tennille D.; Kim-Shapiro, Daniel B.; Wang, Hao; Chen, Alex F.
The NASA Lewis Research Center is responsible for the planning and execution of a scientific program which will provide advance in space cryogenic fluid management technology. A number of future space missions were identified that require or could benefit from this technology. These fluid management technology needs were prioritized and a shuttle attached reuseable test bed, the cryogenic fluid management facility (CFMF), is being designed to provide the experimental data necessary for the technology development effort.
Aydelott, J. C.; Rudland, R. S.
Lewis AcidBase Properties of a Gel-type Cation Exchange Resin
Gel-type cation exchange resins like SK-1B are based on DVB-crosslinked polystyrene with sulfonic acid functional groups. The behavior of some conjugate acid-base pairs was studied and explained in terms of Lewis and Pearson Acid-Base Theories. The application of these resins as a no contaminant medium for pH regulation has special interest in biological systems and is not limited to water
E. Ocampo; E. Cagnola; S. Alconchel; N. Piovano; G. Papa; H. Andrada; J. Verdura; M. Dapueto
The Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions of Cycloalkenones: Stereoselectivity, Lewis Acid Acceleration, and Halogen Substituent Effects
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of cycloalkenones and terminal dienes occur with high endo stere oselectivity, both thermally and under Lewis-acidic conditions. Through computations, we show that steric repulsion and tether conformation govern the selectivity of the reaction, and incorporation of either BF3 or ?-halogenation increases the rate of cycloaddition. With a longer tether, isomerization from a terminal diene to the more stable internal diene results in a more facile cycloaddition.
Pham, Hung V.; Paton, Robert S.; Ross, Audrey G.; Danishefsky, Samuel J.; Houk, K. N.
Applied analytical combustion/emissions research at the NASA Lewis Research Center
Emissions of pollutants from future commercial transports are a significant concern. As a result, the Lewis Research Center (LeRC) is investigating various low emission combustor technologies. As part of this effort, a combustor analysis code development program was pursued to guide the combustor design process, to identify concepts having the greatest promise, and to optimize them at the lowest cost in the minimum time.
Deur, J.M.; Kundu, K.P.; Nguyen, H.L.
DFT study of the Lewis acid mediated synthesis of 3-acyltetramic acids.
The synthesis of 3-acyltetramic acids by C-acylation of pyrrolidine-2,4-diones was studied by density functional theory (DFT). DFT was applied to the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid (TeA), an important representative of these bioactive natural compounds. Lewis acid mediated C-acylation in combination with previous pH-neutral domino N-acylation-Wittig cyclization can be used for the efficient preparation of 3-acyltetramic acids. Nevertheless, quite harsh conditions are still required to carry out this synthetic step, leading to unwanted isomerization of stereogenic centers in some cases. In the presented study, the reaction pathway for the C-acetylation of (5S,6S-5-s-butylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione was studied in terms of mechanism, solvent effects, and Lewis acid activation, in order to obtain an appropriate theoretical model for further investigations. Crucial steps were identified that showed rather high activation barriers and rationalized previously reported experimental discoveries. After in silico optimization, aluminum chlorides were found to be promising Lewis acids that promote the C-acylation of pyrrolidine-2,4-diones, whereas calculations performed in various organic solvents showed that the solvent had only a minor effect on the energy profiles of the considered mechanisms. This clearly indicates that further synthetic studies should focus on the Lewis-acidic mediator rather than other reaction parameters. Additionally, given the results obtained for different reaction routes, the stereochemistry of this C-acylation is discussed. It is assumed that the formation of Z-configured TeA is favored, in good agreement with our previous studies. PMID:24794137
Mikula, Hannes; Svatunek, Dennis; Skrinjar, Philipp; Horkel, Ernst; Hametner, Christian; Fr�hlich, Johannes
Users manual for the improved NASA Lewis ice accretion code LEWICE 1.6
This report is intended as an update/replacement to NASA CR 185129 'User's Manual for the NASALewis Ice Accretion Prediction Code (LEWICE)' and as an update to NASA CR 195387 'Update to the NASA Lewis Ice Accretion Code LEWICE'. In addition to describing the changes specifically made for this version, information from previous manuals will be duplicated so that the user will not need three manuals to use this code.
Borax in the supraglacial moraine of the Lewis Cliff, Buckley Island quadrangle--first Antarctic occurrence
During the 1987-1988 austral summer field season, membersof the south party of the antarctic search for meteorites south-ern team* working in the Lewis Cliff/Colbert Hills region dis-covered several areas of unusual mineralization within theLewis Cliff ice tongue and its associated moraine field (figure1). The Lewis Cliff ice tongue (84�15'S 161�25'E) is a meteorite-stranding surface of ablating blue ice, about 2.3 by 7.0 kilo-meters, bounded on the west by the Lewis Cliff, on the northand northeast by a large supraglacial moraine, and on the eastby the Colbert Hills. To the south it opens to the Walcott N�v�.Because it is a meteorite-stranding surface, the major component of ice motion in the area is believed to be vertical(Whillans and Cassidy 1983). The presence of Thule-Baffinmoraines at the northern terminus of the blue ice tends tosupport the hypothesis that the area underlying the moraineis essentially stagnant and that ice arriving from the south ispiling up against it. Areas containing mineral deposits werefound within the moraine field to the north and east of theblue ice margin and also along the east margins of the blue iceitself. Subsequent X-ray diffraction analyses of these depositshave shown that they are composed predominantly of nah-colite (NaHCO3), trona [Na3(CO3)(HCO3) � 2H20], borax[Na2B405(OH)4 � 8H20], and a new hexagonal hydrous sulfatespecies. This paper reports the details of the borax occurrence,because it is the first known on the continent.
Fitzpatrick, J. J.; Muhs, D. R.
SUMMA hot-ion plasma heating research at NASA Lewis Research Center
This report describes the SUMMA superconducting magnetic mirror facility at the NASA Lewis Research Center and the hot-ion plasma research conducted therein. SUMMA is characterized by intense magnetic fields (designed for 8.6 T at the mirrors) and a large-diameter working bore (41 cm diameter) with room-temperature access. The goal of the plasma research program is to produce steady-state plasmas of
J. J. Reinmann; R. W. Patch; M. R. Lauver; G. W. Englert; A. Snyder
Electrophilic activation of allenenes and allenynes: analogies and differences between Br�nsted and Lewis acid activation.
This Tutorial Review summarizes recent examples of electrophilic activation of allenes with particular focus on analogies and differences between Lewis and Br�nsted acid activation of these versatile substrates. The aim of this article is to present a general overview of the possibilities offered to chemists using complementary modes of catalysis and to emphasize advantages and limitations of each approach, thereby providing a means to expand the scope of this powerful synthetic methodology. PMID:24643348
Ca�eque, T; Truscott, F M; Rodriguez, R; Maestri, G; Malacria, M
Detection and isolation of dendritic cells using Lewis X-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles.
dendritic cell (DC)-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is a receptor found on DCs that recognizes antigens bearing mannose-rich or fucosylated glycans, including Lewis X (Le(X)). Here, we report the fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles coated with multivalent Le(X) glycans using Cu (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The resulting nanoparticles are selective and biocompatible, serving as a highly efficient tool for DC detection and enrichment. PMID:22901307
Rouhanifard, Sara H; Xie, Ran; Zhang, Guoxin; Sun, Xiaoming; Chen, Xing; Wu, Peng
Engine structures: A bibliography of Lewis Research Center's research for 1980-1987
This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Structures Division of the NASA Lewis Research Center from 1980 through 1987. All the publications were announced in the l980 to 1987 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.
Isomerization of ?-pinene oxide to campholenic aldehyde over Lewis acids supported on silica and titania nanoparticles
Lewis acids (FeCl3, ZnCl2, H3BO3) supported on SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles have been tested in the selective isomerization of ?-pinene oxide to campholenic aldehyde. The spherical nanoparticle supports with a narrow particles size distribution have been synthesized by the sol�gel method. The morphological and microstructural characterization of the supports and catalysts was carried out by XRD, SEM�EDX and BET surface
G. Neri; G. Rizzo; C. Crisafulli; L. De Luca; A. Donato; M. G. Musolino; R. Pietropaolo
Catalysis by supported Lewis acids: An efficient method for transesterification of phosphotriesters
Lewis acids (ZnCl2, CoCl2, NiCl2, TiCl4, and CdCl2) when supported on silica gel can effectively catalyze transesterification of organophosphotriesters. In anhydrous acetonitrile and in the presence of excess alcohol, such reactions follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Progress and efficacy of these reactions were monitored by UV�vis and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Daniel P. Sheng; Ismail O. Kady
Lewis Fry Richardson and his Contributions to Mathematics, Meteorology, and Models of Conflict
The life and major scientific contributions of Lewis Fry Richardson (1881-1953) are reviewed, with particular emphasis on his pioneering work in numerical analysis, meteorology, and numerical weather prediction. His later work on mathematical modeling of psychology, causes of conflict, and the statistics of wars is outlined in terms understandable to fluid dynamicists. It is included because it led to Richardson's discovery of one aspect of fractals, an analytical technique now recognized as valuable in the study of complex fluid motions.
Hunt, J. C. R.
Chiral Lewis acid catalyzed asymmetric cycloadditions of disubstituted ketenes for the synthesis of ?-lactones and ?-lactones.
Highly diastereo- and enantioselective [2 + 2]- and [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of disubstituted ketenes were realized by chiral Lewis acid catalysis. A series of arylalkylketenes underwent the reaction smoothly with isatins and ?,?-unsaturated ?-ketoesters, providing optically active ?-lactones and ?-lactones with vicinal chiral centers in excellent yields (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee), as well as exclusively high diastereoselectivities under 0.2-2 mol % catalyst loading. PMID:24303985
Hao, Xiaoyu; Liu, Xiaohua; Li, Wei; Tan, Fei; Chu, Yangyang; Zhao, Xiaohu; Lin, Lili; Feng, Xiaoming
Ermakov-Lewis angles for one-parameter supersymmetric families of Newtonian free damping modes.
We apply the Ermakov-Lewis procedure to the one-parameter damped modes y recently introduced by Rosu and Reyes, which are related to the common Newtonian free damping modes y by the general Riccati solution [H. C. Rosu and M. Reyes, Phys. Rev. E 57, 4850 (1998)]. In particular, we calculate and plot the angle quantities of this approach that can help to distinguish these modes from the common y modes. PMID:11308810
Rosu, H C; Espinoza, P B
Conductivity enhancement of caf 2 by grain boundary activation with lewis acids
CaF2 fine powder and films were treated with the Lewis acids SbF5 and BF3 to create a strong driving force to draw F? ions out of the boundary regions according to L (surface) + FF (boundary) ? LF? (surface) + VF (boundary) (L = SbF5 or BF3). The conductivity results of polycrystalline ceramics treated in this way indicate a significant
Yuria Saito; Joachim Maier
Lewis acid catalysis and ligand exchange in the asymmetric binaphthol-catalyzed propargylation of ketones.
1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL)-derived catalysts catalyze the asymmetric propargylation of ketones. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the reaction proceeds via a closed six-membered transition structure (TS) in which the chiral catalyst undergoes an exchange process with the original cyclic boronate ligand. This leads to a Lewis acid type activation mode, not a Br�nsted acid process, which accurately predicts the stereochemical outcome observed experimentally. PMID:23947430
Grayson, Matthew N; Goodman, Jonathan M
Plasminogen activator in cultured Lewis lung carcinoma cells measured by chromogenic substrate assay
A chromogenic substrate assay for the plasminogen activator (PA) activity of Lewis lung carcinoma cells has been developed. The cells were incubated with plasminogen, the activation of which to plasmin was measured by the amidolysis of the chromogenic substrate S-2251. This was routinely performed as a 4h serum-free assay, but a variation lasting 24 h, in medium supplemented with plasminogen-free
P Whur; M Magudia; J Boston; J Lockwood; D C Williams
Expression of CD147 and Lewis y antigen in ovarian cancer and their relationship to drug resistance.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of CD147 and Lewis y antigen in epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissues and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, and its underlying clinical significance, and to analyze the correlation between the expression of CD147 and Lewis y antigen. Ninety-two ovarian cancer patients were divided into a chemotherapeutic-drug-resistant group (34 patients) and a drug-sensitive group (58 patients). Immunohistochemical assays were used to measure CD147, and Lewis y antigen to investigate their correlation with chemotherapy resistance. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between risk factors and resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Cox's model was used to analyze the relationships between risk factors and prognosis. The proportion of tissues expressing CD147 and Lewis y antigen in the drug-resistant group were 94.12 and 91.67%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the sensitive group (77.59 and 60.34%, respectively). The multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of CD147 and Lewis y antigen and the pathological stage of the ovarian cancer were all independent risk factors for drug resistance. Expression of CD147 and Lewis y antigen was high in the resistant group, and they correlated positively with each other. The expression of CD147 and Lewis y antigen was significantly higher in the drug-resistant group and their expression correlated positively in the ovarian epithelium. The expression of CD147 and Lewis y antigen and the pathological stage of ovarian cancer were all independent risk factors for drug resistance and prognosis in ovarian cancer. PMID:24692145
Gao, Jian; Hu, Zhenhua; Liu, Juanjuan; Liu, Dawo; Wang, Yanyan; Cai, Mingbo; Zhang, Danye; Tan, Mingzi; Lin, Bei
Lift Fan Nozzle for Joint Strike Fighter Tested in NASA Lewis' Powered Lift Rig
Under a nonreimbursable space act agreement between the NASA Lewis Research Center and the Allison Advanced Development Company, Allison tested a lift fan nozzle in Lewis' Powered Lift Rig. This test was in support of the Joint Strike Fighter program (formerly the Joint Advanced Strike Technology) sponsored by the Department of Defense, which will develop and field an affordable, multirole, next-generation, strike fighter aircraft for the Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and foreign allies. Allison, along with Pratt & Whitney Company, is part of the Lockheed Martin Corporation team that is scheduled to build a concept demonstrator aircraft by fiscal year 2001. The test was initiated in April and successfully completed in mid-July of 1997. Allison supplied a one-third-scale model of the lift fan nozzle, and Lewis provided the facility and the necessary support team. Various configurations, including pitching vectored angles ranging from 15deg forward to 60deg backward, were tested over a range of nozzle pressure ratios. Nozzle flow rates, thrust, and static pressures were measured for each of the configurations. Results from the test met the design requirements for the Joint Strike Fighter program and were in agreement with Allison's internal computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. Data obtained from this test will also be used in the full-scale design of the lift fan system.
Lam, David W.
Gastric subserous space islet transplantation: Techniques and initial results in diabetic inbred Lewis rats.
Background Implantation site is an important factor affecting the effect of islet transplantation. In the literature, the gastric subserous space (GSS) is rarely used as the implantation site of islets. Our present study reports the initial results with a limited numbers of islets transplanted into the GSS in Lewis rats and compares the outcomes between the GSS and the liver. Material and Methods STZ was used to induce diabetes in Lewis rats, using a limited numbers of islets from the donors of the same species transplanted into the GSS and also into the portal vein (PV). Fasting blood glucose levels were measured and the transplanted insulin-positive islets were detected using immunohistochemical method. Results The fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced compared with that in the pre-transplantation period in rats of the GSS group. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) on day 28 after transplantation revealed an excellent functional capacity. Insulin-positive islets were identified in the stomach throughout the study. However, we found no difference in fasting blood glucose between pre- and post-transplantation and no insulin-positive islets were discovered in rats of the PV group. Conclusions Under the treatment of a limited numbers of islets, the gastric subserous space reveals a preferable capacity for glycometabolism of STZ-induced Lewis diabetic rats compared with the portal vein. PMID:25011700
Liu, Xinnong; Zhang, Jinhang; Li, Yang; Hu, Sanyuan; Zhang, Guangyonng; Wang, Lei
Diastereoselectivity in Lewis-Acid Catalyzed Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions: A DFT Study
The basis for diastereoselectivity in Lewis acid-catalyzed Mukaiyama aldol reactions was studied using density functional theory. By exploring the conformations of the transition structures for the diastereodifferentiating step of seven different reactions, simple models were generated. The effects of varying the substituents on the enol carbon and the ?-carbon of the silyl enol ether from methyl to tert-butyl groups and the substituent on the aldehyde between methyl and phenyl groups were investigated by comparison of the transition structures for different reactions. Expanding on the previous qualitative models by Heathcock and Denmark, we found that while the pro-anti pathways takes place via antiperiplanar transition structures, the pro-syn pathways prefer synclinal transition structures. The relative steric effects of the Lewis acid and trimethyl silyl groups and the influence of E/Z isomerism on the aldol transition state were investigated. By calculating 36 transition structures at the M06/6-311G*//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory and employing the IEFPCM polarizable continuum model for solvation effects, this study expands the mechanistic knowledge and provides a model for understanding the diastereoselectivity in Lewis acid-catalyzed Mukaiyama aldol reactions.
Lee, Joshua M.; Helquist, Paul; Wiest, Olaf
Interaction between two premixed laminar V-shaped flame fronts at low Lewis number
In studies of flamelets in premixed turbulent combustion, the interaction between laminar flames is of great importance. To study this, measurements have been made of the interaction between two premixed laminar V-shaped flames (W configuration) for a Lewis number less than 1. When the Lewis number differs greatly from unity, differential diffusion effects dominate and lead to considerable complexity. Flow visualization is used in association with laser Doppler velocimetry. Temperatures are measured with a thermocouple and species are sampled through a probe. The results show repulsion between the two oblique flame fronts separated by fresh mixture. This induces a divergent flow in the whole interaction zone and an overall shifting of the two V-shaped flames. The influence of the Lewis number is first noticeable on the unburned gases between the two flames since it induces preferential diffusion of hydrogen in the transverse direction. This leads to an increase of temperature inside the two V-shaped flames. As a consequence, it also prevents the intersection and coalescence of the two inner fronts as they propagate towards each other.
Francois, I.; Larrauri, D.; Escudie, D. [Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully (France). Lab. de Mecanique des Fluides et d`Acoustique] [Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully (France). Lab. de Mecanique des Fluides et d`Acoustique
Regularities of Lewis site formation upon the microwave irradiation of gibbsite-?-Al(OH)3
Spatially separated Lewis acidic and basic sites can be formed upon the microwave irradiation of gibbsite. This is demonstrated by IR spectroscopy and indicates the possibility of the selective activation of chemical bonds of different nature within the initial crystals of Al3+ hydroxide. A scheme for the formation of spatially separated Lewis acidic and basic sites is proposed. It is shown that water as a product of the micro-wave activation of gibbsite is adsorbed on these Lewis acidic sites in molecular form (without subsequent dissociation) and is desorbed at calcination temperatures no higher than 100-110�C. During standard (contact) thermal treatment of Al3+ hydroxides and oxides, dehydroxylation and water removal take place at 350-550�C to form the acid-base pair-Al?+-O?--. The microwave activation of gibbsite results in the formation of an amorphous component believed to consist of small -Al-O- complexes closely packed in the solid phase. It is established that the fraction of Al3+ atoms accessible for the low-temperature adsorption of CO in microwave-activated (for 10 min) gibbsite is 4.5 at % of the total number of Al3+ atoms present in the amorphous component of this material.
Zhuzhgov, A. V.; Paukshtis, E. A.; Krivoruchko, O. P.; Molina, I. Yu.; Larina, T. V.; Parmon, V. N.
5-Aza-2?-deoxycytidine Increases Sialyl Lewis X on MUC1 by Stimulating ?-Galactoside ?2,3-Sialyltransferase 6 Gene
Sialyl Lewis X is a tumor-associated antigen frequently found in the advanced cancers. However, the mechanism for the production of this cancer antigen is not entirely clear. The objective of this study is to examine whether epigenetics is involved in the regulation of the formation of this antigen. We observed an increase of sialyl Lewis X in HCT15 cells, a colon cancer cell line, treated with 5-Aza-2�-deoxycytidine. This treatment enhanced the expression of ?galactoside:?2,3sialyltransferase 6 gene and sialyl Lewis X on MUC1, and the adherence of these cells to E-selectin under dynamic flow conditions. In addition, 5-Aza-2�-deoxycytidine treatment inhibited methylation of ?galactoside:?2,3sialyltransferase 6 gene and siRNA knockdown of this gene drastically reduced sialyl Lewis X without affecting MUC1 expression. We conclude that 5-Aza-2�-deoxycytidine treatment increases sialyl Lewis X on MUC1 by stimulating the ?galactoside:?2,3sialyltransferase 6 gene via inhibition of DNA methylation. Increased sialyl Lewis X by 5-Aza-2�-deoxycytidine raises a concern about the safety of this chemotherapeutic drug. In addition, ?galactoside:?2,3sialyltransferase 6 gene may be a potential therapeutic target for suppressing tumorigenicity of colon cancer.
Chachadi, Vishwanath B.; Cheng, Helen; Klinkebiel, David; Christman, Judith K.; Cheng, Pi-Wan
Computational studies of complexation of nitrous oxide by borane-phosphine frustrated Lewis pairs.
Computational studies of complexes Ar(3)B-ONN-PR(3) derived from reactions between borane-phosphine frustrated Lewis pairs and N(2)O reveal several interesting facets. Natural resonance theory calculations support a change in the preferred resonance structure as the Lewis acidity of the borane increases. Potential constitutional isomers where phosphorus binds to oxygen and boron to nitrogen are predicted to be unstable with respect to loss of phosphine oxide and free N(2). Other constitutional isomers represent stationary points on the potential energy surface; most are considerably less stable than the observed complexes, but one is predicted to be as stable. This arises because the dominant resonance form combines alternating charge with the presence of a stabilizing NO double bond. The relationship between Lewis acidity and complex formation for a variety of boranes was explored; the results are consistent with the idea that greater Lewis acidity stabilizes both classical and frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs, but to differing degrees such that both types can entrap N(2)O. Calculations addressing the mechanism of complex formation suggest that N(2)O binds first through the nitrogen to the phosphine phosphorus of the FLP, whereupon boron coordinates the oxygen atom. Studies of the mechanism of the degenerate exchange reaction between (4-F-H(4)C(6))(3)B-ONN-P(t-Bu)(3) and B(C(6)H(4)-4-F)(3), involves a "transition state", with relatively short B-O distances, and so resembles a classical I(a) process. The process involves two barriers, one associated with bringing the incoming borane into proximity with the oxygen, and the other associated with isomerising from a ladle-shaped cis-trans ct conformer to the observed trans-trans tt-type structure. The overall barrier for degenerate exchange was predicted to be between 65 and 110 kJ mol(-1), in fair agreement with experiment. Similar studies of the reaction between (4-F-H(4)C(6))(3)B-ONN-P(t-Bu)(3) and B(C(6)F(5))(3) indicate that this process more closely resembles a classical I(d) process, in that the "transition state" involves long B-O distances. Derivatization of the complexed NNO fragment appears possible; interaction between (F(5)C(6))(3)B-ONN-P(t-Bu)(3) and MeLi suggests stability for the ion pairs (F(5)C(6))(3)B-ON(Me)N-P(t-Bu)(3)(-)/Li(+) and (F(5)C(6))(3)B-ONN(Me)-P(t-Bu)(3)(-)/Li(+). PMID:22460739
Gilbert, Thomas M
Robert Nelson: "Pads and Pals."
Provides a lesson to familiarize students in grades four-six with the many ways that artists use the technique of collage. Students observe and discuss ways artists make use of materials other than paint on canvas. Examines how the introduction of foreign materials to a surface affects the illusion of space. (LS)
Smenner, Ray
Sialyl Lewis X-dependent Lung Colonization of B16 Melanoma Cells through a Selectin-like Endothelial Receptor Distinct from E- or P-Selectin 1
Endothelial carbohydrate binding proteins, E- and P-selectins, are thought to mediate sialyl Lewis A\\/X-dependent hematogenous cancer metastasis. We tested this hypothesis using sialyl Lewis X-dependent B16 melanoma lung targeting and its inhibition with selectin ligand mimicry peptide, IELLQAR. In E\\/P-selectin doubly deficient mutant mice, sialyl Lewis X-expressing B16 melanoma cells colonized the lung, and IELLQAR inhibited this colonization. However, tumors
Jianing Zhang; Jun Nakayama; Chikara Ohyama; Masami Suzuki; Atsushi Suzuki; Minoru Fukuda; Michiko N. Fukuda
Lewis acid promoted reactions of [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with alkenes
Lewis acid-Promoted reactions of methyl vinyl ketone, methoxymethyl vinyl ketone and acetoxymethyl vinyl ketone with various alkenes are reported. The enones undergo [2+2] cycloaddition reactions with various substituted styrenes to give mixtures of two cyclobutane epimers. These reactions are regioselective and the yields are high. The thermodynamically less stable cyclobutane epimers are epimerized with methanolic potassium carbonate to the thermodynamically more stable cyclobutanes. Reactions of methyl vinyl ketone, methoxymethyl vinyl ketone and acetoxymetyl vinyl ketone with methylencyclohexane promoted by mixtures of TiCl[sub 4] and Ti(O[sup i]Pr)[sub 4] in various proportions give one of more of the following products; a cyclobutane, a formal ene product and a chloro-substituted product. Reactions of acetoxymethyl vinyl ketone with cyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene promoted by TiCl[sub 4] give mixtures of ene and chloro-substituted products and a chloro-substituted product, respectively. The chloro-substituted products are coverted to the ene products by treating with a base or by dissolution in hot methanol. Various Lewis acid-promoted intramolecular reactions of [alpha], [beta]-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with olefins produce formal ene products and, in one cas, a bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane product. The latter product results apparently from alkylation of the Lewis acid-bound [alpha], [beta]-unsaturated carbonyl moiety at the [beta]-carbon, rearrangement of the resultant carbocation by hydride shift, followed by coupling of the enolate and carbocation moieties. A synthesis of the natural product nanaimoal is also reported.
Ali, M.H.
Gallium(III) triflate: an efficient and a sustainable Lewis acid catalyst for organic synthetic transformations.
Green chemical processes play a crucial role in sustainable development, and efficient recyclable catalysts that can be conveniently applied in various chemical reactions are the key elements for the development of sustainable synthetic processes. Many organic transformations rely on Lewis and Br�nsted acid catalysts, and such molecules have been widely studied in organic synthesis. Over the years, researchers have looked for Lewis acid catalysts that provide high selectivity and high turnover frequency but are also stable in aqueous media and recoverable. Since the first preparation of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid by Hazeldine (triflic acid, HOTf), researchers have synthesized and used numerous metal triflates in a variety of organic reactions. Even though the rare earth metal triflates have played a major role in these studies, the majority of rare earth triflates lack one or more of the primary properties of sustainable catalysts: low cost and easy availability of the metals, easy preparation of triflates, aqueous/thermal stability, recyclability, and catalytic efficiency. In this Account, we describe the synthetic applications of Ga(OTf)(3) and its advantages over similar catalysts. Ga(OTf)(3) can be conveniently prepared from gallium metal or gallium chloride in excess of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid) under reflux. Among many Lewis acid catalysts recently studied, Ga(OTf)(3) is water tolerant and soluble and requires very low catalyst loading to drive various acid-catalyzed reactions including Friedel-Crafts alkylation, hydroxyalkylation, and acylation selectively and efficiently. In many reactions Ga(OTf)(3) demonstrated high chemo- and regioselectivity, high yields, excellent stability, and recyclability. We successfully synthesized many biologically active heterocycles and their fluoroanalogs under mild conditions. Many challenging reactions such as the ketonic Strecker reactions proceed efficiently via Ga(OTf)(3) catalysis. Because it is stable in water, this catalyst provides the opportunity to study substrates and develop new synthetic protocols in aqueous media, significantly reducing the production of hazardous waste from organic solvents and toxic catalyst systems. PMID:22148160
Prakash, G K Surya; Mathew, Thomas; Olah, George A
Neuropathological investigation of hypocretin expression in brains of dementia with Lewy bodies.
Hypocretin (Hcrt) is a neuropeptide synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus (LHT) that plays a key role in maintaining arousal state. In Parkinson's disease (PD), a narcolepsy-like syndrome is commonly seen, and a previous study showed substantial Hcrt neuronal loss in accordance with PD severity. In the present study, we quantitatively examined Hcrt immunor