text:
Grosskopf CV
Curriculum Vita
revised, December 2011
Economics Program
303 Ballard Extension Hall
Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-3612
Telephone: 541-737-8185
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Born: February 27, 1950, Detroit, Michigan
2000, Honorary Doctorate: Gothenburg University, Sweden
1977, Ph.D. and M.S.: Syracuse University
1972, B.A.: Kalamazoo College
Fall 1998–: Professor of Economics, Oregon State University.
1987-1998: Professor of Economics, Southern Illinois University.
1983-1987: Associate Professor of Economics, Southern Illinois University.
1978-1983: Assistant Professor of Economics, Southern Illinois University.
1977: Instructor of Economics, Southern Illinois University.
Visiting Appointments:
January-March 2009: Visiting Scholar, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New
Zealand. January-March 2005: Visiting Scholar, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New
June 2001-2005: Research Associate, R.R. Institute of Applied Economics, Malm¨¨¨¨¨¨o, Sweden
Feb 15-25, 2005, Visiting Scholar, Center for Efficiency and Productivity, Univ. of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia
summer 1988-2000: Research Associate, The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden.
July-August 2000: Visiting Scholar, Economics, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
Visiting Scholar, Institutet f¨¨¨¨¨¨or Arbetsmarknads Politisk Utv¨¨¨¨¨¨ardering, Uppsala, Sweden
August-December 1996: Kerstin Hesselgren Professor, Sweden.
August-December 1996: Guest Professor, Department of Economics, G¨oteborg University, G¨oteborg,
Swe- den.
July-August 1995: Visitor, Center for Economic Studies, University of Munich, Germany.
January-February 1993: Visiting Professor, Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand.
February-March 1993: Visiting Professor, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
July-August 1992: Visiting Scholar, Resources and Technology Division, Economic Research
Service, U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C.
May-June 1991: Research Associate, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE), Louvain-
la Neuve, Belgium.
June-July 1990: Visiting Professor, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. December 1989: Visiting
Fellow, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Sept.-Nov. 1989: Visiting Fellow, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
August 1989: Visiting Fellow, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.
1984-1985: Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, Vanderbilt University.
Professional Activities:
Advisory Committee, European Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity
2002, 2004:
Advisory Committee, North American Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity
Scientific Committee, European Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity
(with R. F¨are, R. R. Russell), coeditors for Studies in Productivity and Efficiency, Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
Editorial Board, Health Care Management Science
Associate Editor, Journal of Productivity Analysis.
Illinois Tax Reform Commission: Consultant for Excise and Consumption Tax Task Force (with K.
Areas of Specialization:
Public (State and Local) Finance Performance
Measurement Labor/Public Employment
Honors and Awards
Mattersdorf Award (NTA-TIA) for best student in public finance
Kerstin Hesselgren Chair: awarded by the Swedish parliament in honor of the first woman in the
Swedish parliament.
Honorary Doctorate, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
Researcher of the Year Award, College of Liberal Arts
Who's Who in Economics
ISI Web of Knowledge: one of the 250 most highly cited scholars in Economics and Finance
Emerald Literati Network Highly commended award for F¨are, Grosskopf, Førsund,Hayes and Heshmati,
Measurement of productivity and quality in non-marketable services: with application to schools,'
Quality Assurance in Education (2007) 14.
Published Papers:
1. (R. F¨are) DEA, Directional Distance Functions and Positive, Affine Data Transformation,
Omega, (in press).
2. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis, W.L. Weber) Technological Change and Timing Reductions in Greenhouse
Gas Emissions, Journal of Productivity Analysis, (in press).
3. (R. F¨are, V. Tremblay) Market Power and Technology, RIO Series Market Structure and
Efficiency, (in press).
4. (N. Chau, R. F¨are), Trade Restrictiveness and Pollution, Journal of Public Economic Theory,
forth- coming.
5. (R. F¨are, H. Fukuyama and D. Margaritis), 'DEA and Endogenous Technical Change,'European
Journal of Operational Research, 210:2, 2011, 457-458.
6. (R. Althin, L. Behrenz, R. F¨are, E. Mellander) 'Swedish Employment Offices: A New Model
for Evaluating Effectiveness,' European Journal of Operational Research, 207:3, 2010, 1535-1544.
7. (C.H. Tremblay, K. Yang) 'Brainstorm: Occupational Choice, Bipolar Illness and Creativity,'
Journal of Economics and Human Biology, 8(10), July 2010, 233-241.
8. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis) 'The Diet Problem and DEA,' Journal of the Operational Research
Society, (in press).
9. (R. F¨are, C. Pasurka, W.L. Weber) 'Substitutability Among Undesirable Outputs,' Applied
Eco- nomics (in press).
10. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'Time Substitution with Application to Data Envelopment Analysis,'
Eu- ropean Journal of Operational Research, 2010, 686-690.
11. (R. F¨are), 'Directional Distance Functions and Slack-Based Measures of Efficiency: Some
clarifica- tions,' European Journal of Operational Research, 206, 2010, 702.
12. (R. F¨are), 'Directional Distance Functions and Slack-Based Measures of Efficiency,' European
Journal of Operational Research, 2010, 320-322.
13. (R. F¨are, C. Pasurka) 'Toxic Releases: An Environmental Performance Index for Coal-Fired
Power Plants,' Energy Economics, 32, 2010, 158-165.
14. (D. Aiken, R. F¨are, C. Pasurka), 'Pollution Abatement and Productivity Growth: Evidence
Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the United States, Environmental and Resource Economics,
44, 2009, 11-28.
15. (P. Bogetoft, R. F¨are, ), 'Rational (In)efficiency and Price Coordination,' Zeitschrift
fu¨r Betrieb- swirtenschaft 2009, 1-6.
16. (R. F¨are), 'A Comment on dynamic DEA,' Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2009, 275-276.
17. (P. Bogetoft, R. F¨are, K. Hayes and L. Taylor) 'Dynamic Network DEA: An Illustration,' Journal
of the Operations Research Society of Japan 52:2, 2009, 147-162.
18. (R. F¨are, B.E. Roland and W.L. Weber), 'License Fees: Norwegian Salmon Farming,'
Agricultural Economics and Management, 13:1, 2009, 1-21.
19. (R. F¨are), 'A Comment on Weak Disposability in Nonparametric Production Analysis,' American
Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2009, 1-21.
20. (K. Hayes and L. Taylor), 'The Relative Efficiency of Charter Schools,' Annals of Public and
Coop- erative Economics, Vol. 80, No. 1, 2009, 67-88.
21. (G. Whittaker, R. Confesor, S. Griffith, R. F¨are, J. Steiner, G. Mueller-Warrant, G.
'A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Activity Analysis Models,' European Journal of
Operational Research, 193, 2009, 195-203.
22. (R. F¨are, K. Hayes, D. Margaritis), 'Estimating Demand with Distance Functions:
Parameterizations in the Primal and Dual,' Journal of Econometrics, 147, 2008, 266-274.
23. (R. F¨are and V. Zelenyuk), 'Aggregation of Nervolian Profit Indicator", Applied Economics,
15, 2008, 845-847.
24. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'U.S. Productivity in Agriculture and R & D,' Journal of
Productivity Analysis 30, 2008, 7-12.
25. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'Rejoinder' Journal of Productivity Analysis 30, 2008, 77-79.
26. (B. Balk, R. F¨are, and D. Margaritis), 'Exact Relations Between Luenberger Productivity
Indicators and Malmquist Productivity Indexes,' Economic Theory 35, 2008, 187-190.
27. (R. F¨are, R. Sickles), 'Productivity of U.S. Airlines After Deregulation,' Journal of
Transport Eco- nomics and Policy, 41:1, 2007, 93-112.
28. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'Productivity, Convergence and policy: a study of OECD countries
and industries, Journal of Productivity Analysis 28, 2007, 87-106.
29. (R. F¨are and C. Pasurka), 'Pollution Abatement Activities and Traditional Productivity,'
Economics, 62, 2007, 673-682.
30. (R. F¨are and C. Pasurka),'Environmental Production Functions and Environmental Directional
Dis- tance Functions,' Energy, 2007, 1055-1066.
31. (S. Self, O. Zaim), Estimating the Efficiency of the System of Healthcare Financing in
Achieving Better Health, Applied Economics, 38:13, July 2006, 1477-1488.
32. (R. F¨are), 'Resolving a Strange Case of Efficiency,' Journal of the Operational Research
Society, 57,
2006, 1366-1368.
33. (F¨are, R. and C. Pasurka), 'Social Responsibility: U.S. Power Plants 1985-1998,' Journal of
Produc- tivity Analysis, 26, 2006, 259-267.
34. (R. F¨are, F. Forsund, K. Hayes, A. Heshmati), 'Measurement of Productivity and Quality in Non-
marketable Services: with application to schools,' Quality Assurance in Education, 14, no. 1, 2006,
35. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), Productivity Growth and Convergence in the European Union, Journal
of Productivity Analysis, 25:1, 2006, 111-141.
36. (S. Self ), 'Factor Accumulation or TFP? A Reassessment of Growth in Southeast Asia,'
Pacific Economic Review, 11:1, 2006, 39-58.
37. (F¨are, R., W. Weber), 'Shadow Prices and Pollution Costs in U.S. Agriculture,' Ecological
Economics 56, 2006, 89-103.
38. (E. Ball, R. F¨are, O. Zaim ), 'Accounting for Externalities in the Measurement of
Productivity Growth: The Malmquist Cost Productivity Measure,' Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,
16, 2005, 374-394.
39. (T. Helvoigt) 'Productivity Growth, Technical Efficiency and Returns to Scale in the
Washington State Sawmill Industry.' International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 4:3,
2005, 1-14.
40. (R. F¨are, D. W. Noh, W. Weber), ' Characteristics of a Polluting Technology: Theory and
Journal of Econometrics, 126, 2005, 469-492.
41. (R. F¨are, B. Seldon, V. Tremblay), ' Advertising Efficiency and the Choice of Media Mix: A
Case of Beer,' International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2004, 503-522.
42. (R. F¨are, F. Hernandez-Sancho), 'Environmental Performance: An Index Number Approach,' Re-
source and Energy Economics, 26, 2004, 343-352.
43. (R. F¨are, W. Weber), 'The Effect of Risk-based Capital Requirements on Profit Efficiency in
Banking,' Applied Economics 36, 2004, 1-13.
44. (R. F¨are, V. Zelenyuk), 'Aggregation of Cost Efficiency: Indicators and Indexes Across
Firms,' Academic Economic Papers, 32:3, 2004, 397-409.
45. (R. F¨are, V. Zelenyuk), 'Aggregation Bias and Its Bounds in Measuring Technical Efficiency,'
Applied Economics Letters, 2004, 343-352.
46. (R. F¨are, G. Whittaker), 'On Value Efficiency and Data Envelopment Analysis," Special
Issue in Honor of W.W. Cooper, Indian Economic Review, 39:1, 2004, 81-88.
47. (R. F¨are), "Modeling Undesirable Factors in Efficiency Evaluation: Comment," European Journal
of Operational Research, 157, 2004, 242-245.
48. (B. Balk, R. F¨are), The Theory of Economic Price and Quantity Indicators,' Economic Theory,
23, 2004, 149-164.
49. (D. Margaritis, V. Valdmanis), 'Competitive Effects on Teaching Hospitals,' European
Journal of Operational Research, 154, 2004, 515-525.
50. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), "Productivity Growth in New Zealand: 1978-1998" New Zealand Economic
Papers, vol 37 (1), June, 2003, pp 93-118.
51. (N. H. Chau and R. F¨are ), "Trade Restrictiveness and Efficiency," International Economic
Review, vol. 44, No. 3, August 2003, 1079-1095.
52. (R. F¨are), "Nonparametric Productivity Analysis with Undesirable Outputs: Comment," American
Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2003, 1070-1074.
53. (J.C. Bureau, N. Chau, R. F¨are), 'Economic Performance, Trade Restrictiveness and
Review of Development Economics, vol. 7, No. 4, 527-542, 2003.
54. "Some Remarks on the Malmquist Productivity Index and Its Decomposition," Journal of Produc-
tivity Analysis, 20, 2003, 459-474.
55. (R. F¨are, V. Zelenyuk), 'Comment on How not to Measure the Efficiency of Public Services,'
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, Vol 165, part 3, 429-430, 2002.
56. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), "Economic Reform and Productivity Growth: The Case of Australia and
New Zealand", Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 59, 143-152, 2002.
57. (R. F¨are, Zaim, O.), 'Hyperbolic Efficiency and Return to the Dollar,' European Journal of
Opera- tional Research, 136, 671-679, 2002.
58. (R. F¨are), 'Two Perspectives on DEA: Unveiling the Link between CCR and Shephard,' Journal of
Productivity Analysis, 17:1/2, January 2002, 41-48.
59. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor and W. Weber), 'On the Determinants of School District Efficiency:
Competition and Monitoring,' Journal of Urban Economics, 49, 2001, 453-478.
60. (O. Zaim, R. F¨are ), 'An Economic Approach to Achievement and Improvement Indexes,' Social
Indicators Research, 56, 2001, 91-118.
61. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'APEC and the Asian Economic Crisis: Early Signals from Productivity
Trends,' Asian Economic Journal 15:3, September 2001, 325-341.
62. (T. Anderson, R. F¨are, L. Inman and X. Song), 'Further Examination of Moore's Law with
data envelopment analysis,' Technological Forecasting and Social Change 69, 465-477, 2002.
63. (R. F¨are, W. Weber), 'Shadow Pricing of Missouri Public Conservation Land,' Public Finance
Review, 29:6, November 2001, 444-460.
64. (R. F¨are, C. Pasurka), 'Accounting for Air Pollution Emissions in Measuring State
Manufacturing Productivity Growth,' Journal of Regional Science, 381-409, 2001.
65. ((R. F¨are and P. Roos), 'The Use of Indicators for the Measurement of Price and Quantity
Changes,' Statistics and Democracy, Statistics Sweden, 2001.
66. (R. F¨are, W. F. Lee), 'Productivity and Technical Change: The Case of Taiwan,' Applied
Economics, 33, 1911-1925, 2001.
67. (D. Margaritis, V. Valdmanis) "The Effects of Teaching on Hospital Productivity",
Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 35, 189-204, 2001.
68. (R. F¨are), 'When Can Slacks be used to Identify Congestion? An Answer to W. W. Cooper, L.
Seiford and J. Zhu,' Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 35, 217-221, 2001.
69. (J. E. Kirkley, R. F¨are, K. McConnell, D. E. Squires and I. Strand) 'Assessing Capacity and
Capacity Utilization in Fisheries when Data are Limited,' North American Journal of Fisheries Management,
21:3, 482-497, August 2001.
70. (R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'Productivity Trends in Australian and New Zealand Manufacturing,'
Aus- tralian Economic Review 34:2, 125-34, 2001.
71. (R. F¨are, F. Førsund, K. Hayes, A. Heshmati), "A Note on Decomposing the Malmquist
Productivity Index by Means of Subvector Homotheticity," Economic Theory 17, 239-245, 2001.
72. (D. Margaritis, V. Valdmanis), 'Comparing Teaching and Non-teaching Hospitals: A Frontier Ap-
proach (Teaching vs. Non-Teaching Hospitals)', Health Care Management Science 4, 83-90, 2001.
73. (C. Moutray), "Evaluation of School Reform in Chicago Public Schools," Economics of Education
Review, vol. 20, no. 1, 2001, 1-14.
74. (D. Boisso, K. Hayes), "Productivity and Efficiency in the U.S.: Effects of Business Cycles and
Public Capital," Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 30, 2000, 663-681.
75. (R. F¨are). 'Outfoxing a Paradox,' Economics Letters, 69, 2000, 159-163.
76. (R. F¨are), "On Separability of the Profit Function," Journal of Optimization Theory and
Applications, 2000, 609-620.
77. (R. F¨are), "Theory and Application of Directional Distance Functions," Journal of
Productivity Analysis, 13, 2000, 93-103.
78. (R. F¨are), "Network DEA," Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 34:1, 2000, 35-49.
79. (R. F¨are) "Decomposing Technical Efficiency with Care," Management Science, 46:1, 2000,
80. (R. F¨are) "Notes on Some Inequalities in Economics," Economic Theory, 15:1, 2000, 227-234.
81. (R. F¨are and J. Kirkley), 'Multi-Output Capacity Measures and Their Relevance for
Bulletin of Economic Research 2000, 101-112.
82. (R. F¨are) "Slacks and Congestion: A Comment," Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 34:1, 2000,
83. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor, and W. Weber) "Anticipating the Consequences of School Reform: A New Use
of DEA," Management Science, 45:4, 1999, 608-20.
84. (R. Br¨annlund, Y. Chung, R. and R. F¨are) "Emissions Trading and Profitability: The Swedish
Pulp and Paper Industry," Environmental and Resource Economics, 1998, 345-356.
85. (R. F¨are) "Congestion: a Note," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 32:1, 1998, 21-23.
86. (R. F¨are) "Shadow Pricing of Good and Bad Commodities,"American Journal of Agricultural Eco-
nomics 80, 1998, 584-590.
87. (R. F¨are and M. Norris) "Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in
Indus- trialized Countries: Reply," American Economic Review, 87:5, 1997, 1040-1043.
88. ( Y.H. Chung and R. F¨are)"Productivity and Undesirable Outputs: A Directional Distance
Function Approach,"Journal of Environmental Management, 51, 1997, 229-240.
89. (R. F¨are) "Profit Efficiency, Farrell Decompositions and the Mahler Inequality," Economics
Letters, 57, 1997, 283-287.
90. (R. F¨are, B. Lindgren, J. P. Poullier) "Productivity Growth in Health Care Delivery: A
Comparison of OECD Countries," Medical Care, 35:4, 1997, 354-366.
91. (R. F¨are, R. Grabowski and S. Kraft), "Efficiency of Fixed but Allocatable Inputs: A
Non-Parametric Approach," Economics Letters, 56, 1997, 187-193.
92. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor and W. Weber) "Budget-Constrained Frontier Measures of Fiscal Equality and
Efficiency in Schooling," Review of Economics and Statistics, 79:1, February 1997, 116-124.
93. (R. F¨are, E. Grifell-Tatj´e, C.A.K. Lovell), "Biased Technical Change and the Malmquist
Productivity Index," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 99:1, 1997, 119-127.
94. "Statistical Inference and Nonparametric Efficiency: A Selective Survey," Journal of
Productivity Analysis 7, 1996, 161-176.
95. (R. Chambers, R. F¨are), "Productivity Growth in APEC Countries," Pacific Economic Review, 1:3,
December 1996, 181-190.
96. (R. F¨are, P. Roos) "On Two Definitions of Productivity," Economics Letters, 53, 1996, 269-274.
97. (J. Clement, V. Valdmanis) "A Comparison of Shadow Prices and Reimbursement Rates of Hospital
Services," Annals of Operations Research, 67, 1996, 163-182.
98. (R. F¨are, R. Althin) "Profitability and Productivity Changes: An Application to Swedish
Pharma- cies," Annals of Operations Reserach, 66, 1996, 219-230.
99. (R. F¨are) "Productivity and Intermediate Products: A Frontier Approach,"
Economics Letters, 50, 1996, 65-70.
100. (R. F¨are, D. Tyteca) "An Activity Analysis Model of the Environmental Performance of
Firms–application to fossil-fuel-fired electric utilities," Ecological Economics, 18, 1996, 161-175.
101. (J. C. Bureau, R. F¨are) "Nonparametric Measures of Productivity Growth in European and U.S.
Agriculture," Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1995, 309-326.
102. (R. F¨are), "Nonparametric Tests of Regularity, Farrell Efficiency and Goodness-of-Fit,"
Journal of
Econometrics, 69, 1995, 415-425.
103. (K. Hayes, J. Hirschberg), "Fiscal Stress and the Production of Public Safety: A Distance
Function Approach," Journal of Public Economics 57, 1995, 277-296.
104. (R. Br¨annlund, R. F¨are) "Environmental Regulation and Profitability: An Application to
Swedish Pulp and Paper Mills," Environmental and Resource Economics 6, 1995, 23-36.
105. (R. F¨are, W.-F. Lee) "Productivity in Taiwanese Manufacturing Industries," Applied Economics,
27, 1995, 259-265.
106. (D. Margaritis and V. Valdmanis) "Estimating Output Substitutability of Hospital Services: A
Dis- tance Function Approach," European Journal of Operational Research, 80, 1995, 575-587.
107. (R. F¨are, P. Roos) "Productivity and Quality Changes in Swedish Pharmacies," International
Journal of Production Economics, 39, 1995, 137-144.
108. (R. F¨are, P. Roos) "Productivity and Quality Changes in Swedish Pharmacies: Reply,"
International Journal of Production Economics, 39, 1995, 147.
109. (R. F¨are) "Measuring Productivity: A Comment," International Journal of Operations and
Produc- tion Management, 14:9, 1994, 83-88.
110. "Discussion: Linear Programming Approaches to the Measurement and Analysis of Productive
Efficiency," TOP 2:2, 1994, 51-56.
111. (R. F¨are) "Estimation of Returns to Scale Using Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comment,"
European Journal of Operational Research, 79, 1994, 379-382.
112. (R. F¨are, M. Norris, Z. Zhang) "Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Change
in Industrialized Countries," American Economic Review, 84:1, March 1994, 66-83.
113. (R. Chambers, R. F¨are) "Efficiency, Quantity Indexes and Productivity Indexes: A
Synthesis," Bulletin of Economics Research, 46:1, January 1994, 1-22.
114. (G. Ferrier, K. Hayes, S. Yaisawarng) "Economics of Diversification in the Banking
Industry: A Frontier Approach," Journal of Monetary Economics, 31, 1993, 229-249.
115. (M. English, K. Hayes, S. Yaisawarng) "Output Allocative and Technical Efficiency of Banks,"
Journal of Banking and Finance, 17:2-3, April 1993, 349-366.
116. (V. Valdmanis) "Evaluating Hospital Performance with Case Mix Adjusted Outputs," Medical Care,
31:6, 1993, 525-532.
117. (K. Hayes) "Local Public Sector Bureaucrats and Their Input Choices," Journal of Urban
Economics, 33, 1993, 151-166.
118. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell, S. Yaisawarng) "Derivation of Shadow Prices for Undesirable
Outputs: A Distance Function Approach," Review of Economics and Statistics, 1993, 374- 380.
119. (K. Hayes and S. Yaisawarng) "Measuring Economies of Diversification: A Frontier
Approach," Journal of Business Economics and Statistics, 10:4, 1992, 453-459.
120. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) "Indirect Productivity Measurement," Journal of Productivity
Analysis 2, 1992, 283-298.
121. (R. Fare, B. Lindgren, P. Roos) "Productivity Changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-1989: A
Non- parametric Malmquist Approach," Journal of Productivity Analysis 3, 1992, 85-101.
122. (R. Fare) "Malmquist Productivity Index and Fisher Ideal Indexes," The Economic Journal
102:410, 1992, 158-160.
123. (R. Fare, S.K. Li) "Linear Programming Models for Firm and Industry Performance," The Scandi-
navian Journal of Economics, 1991, 599-608.
124. (R. Fare) "A Distance Function Approach to Price Efficiency," Journal of Public Economics
43, 1990, 123-126.
125. (R. Fare, S. Yaisawarng, S. Li, Z. Wang) "Productivity Growth in Illinois Utilities,"
Resources and Energy 12, 1990, 383-398.
126. (R. Fare) "The Fisher Ideal Index and the Indirect Malmquist Productivity Index: A
Comparison," New Zealand Economic Papers 24, 1990, 66-72.
127. (D. Margaritis, V. Valdmanis) "Nurse Productivity and Wages," New Zealand Economic Papers 24,
1990, 73-86.
128. (S. Yaisawarng) "Economies of Scope in the Provision of Local Public Services," National Tax
Journal 43, March 1990, 61-74.
129. (R. Fare, J. Nelson) "On Price Efficiency," International Economic Review, 1990, 709-720.
130. (R. Fare, H. Lee) "A Nonparametric Approach to Expenditure Constrained Profit Maximization,"
The American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1990, 574-581.
131. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell, C. Pasurka) "Measuring Efficiency when some Outputs are Undesirable:
A Nonparametric Approach," Review of Economics and Statistics 71:1, 1989, 90-98.
132. (R. Fare, W. Weber) "Measuring School District Performance," Public Finance Quarterly 17:4,
1989, 409-428.
133. (R. Fare, V. Valdmanis) "Capacity, Competition and Efficiency in Hospitals: A
Approach," Journal of Productivity Analysis 1, 1989, 123-128.
134. (R. Fare, E. Kokkelenberg) "Measuring Plant Capacity Utilization, and Technical Change: A
Non- parametric Approach," International Economic Review, 1989, 655-666.
135. (R. Fare, C. Pasurka) "The Effect of Environmental Regulations on the Efficiency of Electric
1969 vs. 1975," Applied Economics 21, 1989, 225-235.
136. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) "An Indirect Approach to the Evaluation of Producer Performance,"
Journal of Public Economics 37, 1988, 71-89.
137. (R. F¨are, C.A.K. Lovell) "Scale Elasticity and Scale Efficiency," Zeitschrift fu¨r die
gesamte Staatswis- senschaften 144, No. 4, September 1988, 721-729.
138. (R. Fare, D. Njinkeu) "On Piecewise Reference Technologies," Management Science 34, No.
12, December 1988, 1507-1511.
139. (P. Byrnes, R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) "The Effect of Unions on Productivity: U.S. Surface
Mining of Coal," Management Science 34, No. 9, September 1988, 1037-1053.
140. (K. Hayes, S. Porter-Hudak) "Pension Funding and Local labor Costs: A Dynamic Analysis of
Illinois Police Pension Funds," Southern Economic Journal 54, No. 3, January 1988, 572- 82.
141. (P. Byrnes, R. F¨are, S. Kraft) "Technical Efficiency and Size: The Case of Illinois Grain
Farms," European Review of Agricultural Economics 14, No. 4, 1987, 395-412.
142. (V. Valdmanis) "Measuring Hospital Performance: A Nonparametric Approach," Journal of Health
Economics 6, 1987, 89-107.
143. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) "Nonparametric Disposability Tests," Zeitschrift fu¨r
National¨okonomie 47, 1987, 77-85.
144. (R. Fare, J. Logan) "The Comparative Efficiency of Western Coal-Fired Steam-Electric
Generating Plants: 1977-1979," Engineering Cost and Production Economics 11, 1987, 21-30.
145. (K. Hayes) "The Demand for Local Public Goods: Choosing an Appropriate Functional Form,"
Applied Economics 18, November 1986, 1179-1192.
146. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) "Scale Economics and Duality," Zeitschrift fr National¨okonomie 46,
No. 2, 1986, 175-182.
147. (R. Fare, C. Pasurka) "Effects on Relative Efficiency in Electric Power Generation Due to
Environmental Controls," Resources and Energy VIII, No. 2, 1986, 167-184.
148. "The Role of the Reference Technology in Measuring Productive Efficiency," The Economic
Journal, 96, June 1986, 499-513.
149. (P. Byrnes, K. Hayes) "Efficiency and Ownership: Further Evidence," Review of Economics
and Statistics 68, No. 2, May, 1986, 337-341.
150. (R. Fare) "A Nonparametric Cost Approach to Scale Efficiency," Scandinavian Economic
Journal 87, No. 4, 1985, 594-604.
151. (P. Byrnes, K. Hayes) "How 'Exact' Are Exact Measures of Welfare Loss?" Applied Economics 17,
December 1985, 1071-1081.
152. (K. Hayes, T. Kennedy) "The Supply and Demand Effects of Underfunding of Pensions on Public
Employee Wages," Southern Economic Journal 51, No. 3, January, 1985, 745-753.
153. (K. Hayes) "Measuring the Welfare Loss of Pension Mandates: A Methodology and Example," Public
Finance Quarterly 13, No. 1, January 1985, 47-62.
154. (R. Fare, R. Grabowski) "Technical Efficiency of Philippine Agriculture," Applied
Economics 17,1985, 205-214.
155. (R. Fare, J. Logan) "The Relative Performance of Publicly Owned and Privately Owned
Electric Utilities," Journal of Public Economics 26, 1985, 89-106.
156. (R. Fare) "Productive Efficiency in U.S. Manufacturing: A Generalized Linear Programming Ap-
proach," Methods of Operations Research 48, 1984, 497-515.
157. (K. Hayes) "The Role of Functional Form in Estimating the Demand for Local Public Goods,"
Review of Economics and Statistics 66, No. 1, February 1984, 169-173.
158. (P. Byrnes, R. Fare) "Measuring Productive Efficiency: An Application to Illinois Strip
Mines," Management Science 30, No. 6, June 1984, 671-681.
159. (R. Fare, J. Logan) "The Relative Efficiency of Illinois Public Utilities," Resources and
Energy 5, 1983, 349-367.
160. (R. Fare) "Measuring Congestion in Production," Zeitschrift fu¨r National¨okonomie 43, No. 3,
1983, 257-271.
161. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) "The Structure of Technical Efficiency," Scandinavian Journal of
Economics 85, No. 2, 1983, 181-190.
162. (K. Hayes, D. Sivan) "Municipal Pensions, Funding, and Wage Capitalization," National Tax
Journal 36, March 1983.
163. (R. Fare) "Measuring Output Efficiency," European Journal of Operational Research 13, 1983,
pp. 173-179.
164. (K. Hayes) "Reimbursement of State Mandates: A Method for Establishing Costs," State and Local
Government Review 15, Fall 1983, 102-105.
165. (R. Fare, B. Yoon) "A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Highway Speed-Volume
Relation- ship," Journal of Urban Economics 12, 1982, 115-121.
166. "The Revenue Potential of a Site Value Tax: Extension and Update of a General Equilibrium
Model with Recent Empirical Estimates of Several Key Parameters," American Journal of Economics and
Sociology 40, No. 2, April 1981, 207-215.
167. "Public Employment's Impact on the Future of Urban Economies," Urban Government Finance 20,
1981, Roy Bahl, ed., 39-62.
168. (M. Gellerson) "Public Utility Pricing, Investment and Reliability Under Uncertainty: A
Review," Public Finance Quarterly 8, No. 4, October 1980, 477-792.
169. (M. Gellerson and R. McHugh) "Cyclical Stability of the New Urban Economic Base," Northeast
Regional Science Review 9, 1979, 30-37.
Papers in Proceedings and Book Reviews:
1. Review of Industrial Price, Quantity and Productivity Indices: the Micro-Economic Theory and an
Application, by B. M. Balk, for Zeitschrift fu¨r National¨okonomie, 71:3, 2000, 324-325.
2. (R. Fare, K. Kerstens, J.E. Kirkley, D. Squires), 'Assessing Short-Run and Medium-Run Fishing
Capacity at the Industry Level and its Reallocation,' IIFET 2000 Proceedings.
3. (R. Fare, J.E. Kirkley, D. Squires), 'Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): A Framework for
Capacity in Fisheries when Data are Limited,' IIFET 2000 Proceedings.
4. (R. Fare), 'Primal and Dual Measures of Capacity Utilization,' PICMET, Proceedings Vol. 2
5. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor and W. Weber), "Allocative Inefficiency and School Competition,"
Tax Association Proceedings: 91st Annual Conference on Taxation, 1998, 282-292.
6. (R. Fare, P. Roos), "Profit, Productivity and Quality: A Directional Distance Function
Approach," in Register Statistics, Respondent Costs, and Survey Process Improvement, Proceedings
of the 2nd International Conference on Methodological Issues in Official Statistics, Stockholm
September 23-24, 1996, 55-61, ISBN 91-618-0873-3.
7. Review of Productivity by Dale Jorgenson, for Zeitschrift fu¨r National¨okonomie, forthcoming.
(with Jean-Christophe Bureau)
8. Review of Economic Efficiency of the Organizational Decisions of the Firm, R.T.V.S. Rao, for
Zeitschrift fu¨r National¨okonomie 54:1, 1991, 73-75.
9. (R. Fare) "Sharing Functions and Clubs, A Note," MVEA Proceedings VIII, 1982, 172-174.
10. (K. Hayes, D. Sivan) "The Wage-Pension Trade Off: The Case of Illinois Municipal
Policemen," Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Illinois Economic Association, 1982,
11. (K. Hayes) "Underfunding of Municipal Employee Pension Plans," Proceedings of the 11th Annual
Meeting of the Illinois Economic Association, 1981, 99-104.
12. "City Life-Cycles and Municipal Expenditure Contrasts: Comment," National Tax Association Pro-
ceedings, 1977, 332-334.
Books and Monographs:
1. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) The Measurement of Efficiency of Production, Kluwer-Nijhoff
Publishing, Boston (1985).
2. (R. Fare) Cost and Revenue Constrained Production, Bilkent University Lecture Series,
Springer- Verlag, Berlin (1994).
3. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) Production Frontiers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994).
4. (R. Fare) Intertemporal Production Frontiers, Kluwer-Nijhoff, 1996.
5. (R. Fare and R. R. Russell), eds., Index Numbers: Essays in Honor of Sten Malmquist, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998.
6. (R. Fare), Efficiency and Productivity: New Directions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston,
7. (R. Fare), Efficiency and Productivity: New Directions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston,
2005. (softcover version)
8. (R. Fare, D. Primont), eds., Aggregation, Efficiency and Measurement, Studies in Efficiency
and Productivity, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007.
Contributions to Books:
1. (R. Fare), 'Homogeneous and homothetic production (and utility) functions,' in M. Blaug and
P. Lloyd, eds, Famous Figures and Diagrams in Economics, Edward Elgar, forthcoming.
2. (V.E. Ball, R. Fare and D. Margaritis) ' Productivity and Profitability of US Agriculture:
Evidence from a Panel of States,' V.E. Ball, R. Fantini and L Gutierrez (eds) The Economic Impact
of Support to Agriculture: an international perspective, Springer, New York, (in press).
3. (R. Fare, M. Lundstr¨om and P. Roos), 'Evaluating Health Care Efficiency,' Evaluating Hospital
Policy and Performance: Contributions from Hospital Policy and Productivity Research, Jos L.T.
Blank and Vivian G. Valdmanis, eds., Elsevier Publishers, 2008.
4. (R. Fare, D. Margaritis), 'Productivity and Efficiency: Malmquist and More,' H. Fried, C.A.K.
Lovell, and S. Schmidt, The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Growth,
Cambridge University Press, 2008.
5. (R. Fare, V. Zelenyuk) 'Finding Common Ground: Efficiency Indices', in Aggregation, Efficiency
and Measurement,(R. F¨are, D. Primont), eds., Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007.
6. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Sources of Manufacturing Productivity Growth: U.S. States
1990-1999',in Aggregation, Efficiency and Measurement,(R. F¨are, D. Primont), eds., Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007.
7. (R. Fare, V. Zelenyuk), 'Finding Common Ground: Efficiency Indexes,'R. F¨are and S. Grosskopf,
eds., Aggregation, Efficiency and Measurement, Springer Verlag, 2007.
8. (R. Fare, G. Whittaker), 'Network DEA', in Modeling Data Irregularities and Structural
Complexities in Data Envelopment Analysis, eds. Joe Zhu and Wade D. Cook, Springer, 2007.
9. (B. M. Balk, R. Br¨annlund, R. F¨are, M. Lindmark), 'Environmental Performance in Swedish Manu-
facturing, 1913-1990,' Contributions in Environmental Economics: in Honour of Karl Gustaf L¨ofgren,
T. Aronsson, R. Axelson and R. Br¨annlund, eds., Edward Elgar, 2006, 287-306.
10. (R. Fare, G. Whittaker), 'Distance Functions: with Applications to DEA,' in L. M. Seiford and
J. Zhu (eds.) DEA Handbook, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2004), 139-152.
11. (W.F. Lee, R. F¨are), 'Property Rights and Profitability,' in New Directions: Efficiency and
Produc- tivity, by R. F¨are and S. Grosskopf, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2004, 65-77.
12. (R. Fare, O. Zaim), 'An Index Number Approach to Measuring Environmental Performance: An En-
vironmental Kuznets Curve for the OECD Countries,' in New Directions: Efficiency and Productivity
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2004, 77-89.
13. (R. Fare, D. Margaritis), "Productivity, Growth and Macroeconomic Policy," in F. N. De
Simone and A. Chin (eds.) Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Singapore, forthcoming, McGraw Hill.
14. (R. Fare, P. Roos), 'Integrating Consumer Satisfaction into Productivity Index,' K. Fox (ed.)
Effi- ciency in the Public Sector, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2002) 201-217.
15. (E. Ball, R. Fare, F. Hernandez-Sancho, R. Nehring), 'The Environmental Performance of the
U.S. Agricultural Sector,' V. Elton Ball and George W. Norton (eds.), Agricultural Productivity:
Mea- surement and Sources of Growth, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, 257-276.
16. (E. Ball, R. Fare, R. Nehring) 'Productivity of the U.S. Agricultural Sector: The Case of
Undesir- able Outputs,' C.R. Hulten, E.R. Dean and M.J. Harper (eds.), New Developments in
Productivity Analysis, University of Chicago Press, 2001, 541-586.
17. (R. Fare, P Roos), 'The Use of Indicators for the Measurement of Price and Quantity
Changes, Statistics and Democracy, Statistics Sweden, 2001.
18. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor and W. Weber),'Input Regulations and Allocative Efficiency in U.S.
Public Schools, J.L.T. Blank (ed.) Public Provision and Performance: Contributions from Efficiency
and Productivity Measurement, North-Holland, 2000, 175-190.
19. (B. Sloboda), ' Nonparametric Density Estimation of the Net Benefits of Southern Illinois
University on the State of Illinois by the Human Capital Model,' R. Carter Hill and Tom B.
Formby, (eds), Advances in Econometrics: Applying Kernal and Nonparametric Estimation to Economic
Topics, 14, 1999, 179-200.
20. (R. Fare, P. Roos), "Price Indexes for Nonmarketed Goods,"in Georg Westermann, ed., Data
envel- opment analysis in the service sector, Deutscher Universit¨ats-Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1999.
21. (R. Fare) "Efficiency and Productivity in Rich and Poor Countries", in Bjarne Jensen and Kar
Yiu Wang, eds., Dynamics, Economic Growth and International Trade, Ann Arbor: Michigan University
Press, 1997, 243-264.
22. (R. Fare and P. Roos), "On Malmquist Productivity Indexes," in R. F¨are, S. Grosskopf and R.R.
Russell, eds Index Numbers: Essays in Honor of Sten Malmquist, Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Boston, 1998.
23. (R. Fare, D. Margaritis), "Productivity Change in the New Zealand Manufacturing Sector:
1979-91, in A Study of Economic Reforms: the Case of New Zealand, B. Silverstone, A. Bollard, R.
Lattimore, eds, North-Holland, 1996, 73-100.
24. (R. Fare, S. Yaisawarng) "Intertemporal Budgeting and Efficiency," in Intertemporal
Frontiers, by R. F¨are and S. Grosskopf, Kluwer-Nijhoff Academic Publishers, Newton, MA, 1996.
25. (R. Fare, Y.He, J. Horvath) "Industrial Productivity Growth in China:1980-84 vs 1984-85" in
In- tertemporal Production Frontiers, by R. F¨are and S. Grosskopf, Kluwer-Nijhoff Academic
Publishers, Newton, MA, 1996.
26. (R. F¨are, B. Lindgren, P. Roos) "Productivity Developments in Swedish Hospitals: A
Malmquist Output Index Approach," in Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology and
Applications, A. Charnes, W.W. Cooper, A, Lewin, L. Seiford (eds.) Kluwer-Nijhoff, 1994, 253-272.
27. (R. Fare, P. Roos) "Den Offentliga Sektorns Produktivitetsutveckling inom Sjukhussektorn
1970-1992," Den Offentliga Sektorns Produktivitetsutveckling 1980-1992 DS, 1994 3-27.
28. (R. Fare) "Theory and Calculation of Productivity Indexes," Models and Measurement of Welfare
and Inequality, W. Eichhorn (ed.) Springer Verlag (1994), pp. 921-940.
29. (R. Fare) "Nonparametric Tests for Cost Constrained Technologies," in Mathematical Modeling in
Economics, W.E. Diewert, K. Spreman and F. Stehling (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1993), pp.
30. "Efficiency and Productivity," ed. H. Fried, C.A.K. Lovell, and S. Schmidt, The Measurement
of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993, 160-194.
31. (R. Fare, B. Lindgren, P. Roos) "Productivity Changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980-1989: A Non-
Parametric Malmquist Approach," International Applications of Productivity and Efficiency Analysis,
T. Gulledge and C.A.K. Lovell (eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers (1992), pp. 81-97. (Also published
in Journal of Productivity Analysis.)
32. (R. Fare) "Measuring Shadow Price Efficiency," Applications of Modern Production Theory:
Effi- ciency and Productivity, ed. A. Dogramaci and R. F¨are, Kluwer-Nijhoff, 1988.
33. (R. F¨are, J. Logan, C.A.K. Lovell) "Measuring Efficiency in Production: With an
Application to Electric Utilities," Managerial Issues in Productivity, ed. A. Dogramaci and
N. Adam, Kluwer- Nijhoff Publishing, 1985, 185-214.
34. (R. Fare, C.A.K. Lovell) "The Structure of Technical Efficiency," Topics in Production Theory,
ed. F. Forsund, MacMillan Press, London, 1984, reprinted from The Scandinavian Journal of Economics,
35. (M. Johnson) "Land Value Tax Revenue Potentials: Methodology and Measurement," in R. Lindholm
and A. Lynn, eds. Land Value Taxation: The Progress and Poverty Centenary, Published for the
Committee on Taxation, Resources, and Economic Development by the University of Wisconsin
Press, 1982, 41-68.
36. (J. Burkhead) "Recent Trends in Public Employment and Compensation," in R. Bahl, J. Burkhead,
B. Jump (eds.) Public Employment and State and Local Government Finance, 1980, Cambridge:
Ballinger Publishing Company, 1-30.
37. "Labor Force Characteristics of Public Employees" Ibid., 31-64.
Government Documents:
1. (K. Hayes) "Report to the Excise and Consumption Taxes Task Force," Tax Reform Commission, State
of Illinois, December 1982.
2. (D. Arey and G. Provenzano) "The Prospects for Controlled Trading of Air Pollution Rights in the
Metro East Area of Illinois," Illinois Institute of Natural Resources, Document No. 81/26, August,
3. (D. Arey, et al.) "PSD: A Study to Determine the Potential Effects of Reclassifying Portions
of Madison, Monroe and St. Clair Counties from Class II to Class III," Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency, 1980.
4. (J. Myers, et al.) "The Impact of Western Coal on the Illinois Economy," for the Attorney
General of Illinois, 1979.
5. (D. Arey, J. Crenshaw, O. Ervin, J. Myers, W. Patula) "Prevention of Significant Deterioration
of Air Quality: An Analysis of Policy Alternatives in Illinois," Coal Extraction and Utilization
Research Center and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1979.
Grant Activity:
"Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality," with D. Arey, et al., for the Ford
Foundation. "The Economic Impact of Western Coal on the Illinois Economy," for the Attorney
General of Illinois (contributor), J. Myers, et al.
"Prevention of Significant Deterioration: A Study to Determine the Potential Effects of
Reclassifying Por- tions of Madison, Monroe and St. Clair Counties from Class II to Class III
(contributor), IEPA, December
Controlled Trading in Air Pollution Rights in the Metro-East Area of Illinois," with D. Arey
and G. Provenzano, Illinois Institute of Natural Resources.
SIU Summer Research Award.
"Expenditure Constrained Profit Maximization," ERS-USDA, with R. F¨are.
"Accounting for Inefficiency in Agricultural Productivity," ERS-USDA, with R. F¨are.
"Can America Compete? An International Comparison of Productivity, Innovation and Efficiency
Change," Center for International Business and Culture, with R. F¨are.
"Agricultural Productivity When Some Outputs are Undesirable," USDA, ERS, with R. F¨are.
"Frontier Production and Environmental Issues" USEPA, with R. F¨are.
"Estimation of Environmental and Economic Effects of Production Using Survey Data," USDA, ERS, with
R. F¨are.
"Application of Frontier Production Models to Environmental Issues," USEPA, with R. F¨are.
1999-00: "Effect of Accounting for Undesirable Environmental Effects on Farm Income," ERS/USDA,
with R. F¨are.
2002-2009 'Modeling Enterprise Efficiency, Innovation and Growth,' New Zealand Foundation for
Research, Science and Technology, with R. F¨are and D. Margaritis, $370,000.
2004-2006: 'Conservation Effects Assessment,' ARS Grant, with J. Whittaker and R. F¨are, $230,000.
2006-2009: 'Assessing Trade-Offs between crop production and ecological services: the Calapooia
basin', USDA CSREES, $640,000, co-PI.
2008-09: 'Energy in the U.S. Agricultural Sector,' USDA, Office of the Chief Economist, Office of
Energy Policy and New Uses, with R. F¨are, co-PI, $20,000.
Doctoral Dissertations Under My Direction:
P. Byrnes (1985) "Ownership and Efficiency in U.S. Utilities" (Co-chair).
D. Njinkeu (1988) "A Monte Carlo Comparison of Alternative Measurements of Returns to Scale in
Non- stochastic Models" (Co-chair).
W. Weber (1988) "Estimating Demand Prices for Public Goods From Private Aggregate Demand Func-
tions (Co-chair).
S. Yaisawarng (1989) "Measuring Short-Run Price Efficiency: Theory and Application" (Co-chair).
C.S. Kim (1995) "Productivity Change, Efficiency Change and Technical Change in the Newly
Industrial- izing Countries".
Chad Moutray (1996) "Assessing the Performance of Market-Based Education Reforms."
Brian Sloboda (1997) "The Economic Impact of Southern Illinois University on the State of Illinois:
The Human Capital Approach".
V. Zelenyuk, (2002) "Essays in Productivity and Efficiency Analysis of Economic Systems,"
(Co-chair). Dong Wong Noh (2002) "Essays on Applied Microeconomics." (co-chair)
Natasha Konstandina (2007) 'Measuring Efficiency and Dealing with Failures in Banking: Application
to the Russian Banking Sector."
Moriah Bellenger (2010) 'Essays in Environmental Economics.' Kandice Kleiber, current.
Doctoral Dissertations: External Examiner
Magnus Tambour (1997) "Essays on Performance in the Health Care Sector" Stockholm University,
Stock- holm, Sweden .
Staffan Waldo (2003) "Essays on Education Performance," University of Lund, Sweden.
Chunping Liu, (2007) "Three essays on Health Economics," University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,
Julie A. Harrison (2007) "Results or Processes? Alternative Approaches to the Perfomance
Measurement of New Zealand Secondary Schools," University of Auckland, New Zealand.
OSU Master's Students under my Direction
Natasha Konstandina
Xiuying Jin Stanislav Khrapov Kandice Kleiber Yuko Igarashi
Agricultural Economics
American Economic Review
American Journal of Agricultural Economics
Annals of Operations Research
Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
Applied Economics
Bulletin of Economic Research Canadian Journal of Economics Contemporary Economic Policy Eastern
Economic Journal Ecological Economics Economica
Economic Development and Cultural Change
Economic Inquiry Economics Letters The Energy Journal
Environment and Development Economics Environmental and Resource Economics European Economic Review
European Journal of Operational Research
Global Economic Review
Health Care Management Science
Health Economics
International Economic Review
International Journal of Production Economics International Journal of Manpower International Tax
and Public Finance
Journal of Agricultural Economics
Journal of Business Economic and Statistics
Journal of Comparative Economics
Journal of Development Economics
Journal of Economic Education
Journal of Economic Development
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
Journal of Econometrics
Journal of Economic Theory
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
Journal of Health Economics
Journal of Human Resources
Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics
Journal of Productivity Analysis Journal of Public Economics Journal of Regional Science Journal of
Risk and Insurance Journal of Urban Economics Land Economics
Management Science
Managerial and Decision Economics National Science Foundation National Tax Journal
Policy Studies Journal
Public Choice
Public Finance Review
Quality Assurance in Economics
Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics Regional Science and Urban Economics Research Council
of Canada
Resource and Energy Economics Scandinavian Journal of Economics Small Business Economics
Socio-Economic Planning Sciences
Southern Economic Journal
The Economic Journal
The Manchester School
The Review of Economics and Statistics
Zeitschrift fu¨r National¨okonomie
1 Papers under Review
1. (R. Fare, C. Pasurka),'Stated vs revealed Abatement Costs: The Case of Electric Utilities,'
submitted to JEEM, 2007.
2. (L. Taylor and K. Hayes), 'Is a Low Instructional Share an Indicator of School Inefficiency:
Exploring the 65 percent solution,' submitted to Journal of Policy Administration and Management,
Oct. 2007.
3. (D. Vaughn-Aiken, R. Fare, and C. Pasurka,'Least Cost Air Pollution Control: A CGE Joint Pro-
duction Framework,'
4. G. Whittaker, R. Fare, R. Confesor, 'A Malmquist Index Approach to Construction of a Water
Quality Index,' submitted to Water Resources Review, 2008.
Recent Conferences
(R. F¨are, C. Pasurka),'Stated vs Production Costs of Regulation: The Case of Electric Utilities,'
ASSA meetings, New Orleans, Jan. 2001.
(R. F¨are, B. Seldon, V. Tremblay), ' Advertising Efficiency and the Choice of Media Mix: A Case
of Beer,' WEA meetings, San Francisco, July 2001
(S. Self ), 'Growth, Human Capital and TFP,' WEA meetings, San Francisco, July 2001
'Some Remarks on Productivity and its Decomposition,' Exclusive Workshop on DEA, University of
South Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Sept. 2001
(R. F¨are, R. Sickles), 'Productivity? Of U.S. Airlines after Deregulation,' 7th Workshop on
Efficiency and Productivity, Oviedo, Spain, Sept. 2001
(R. F¨are, O. Zaim), 'An Economic Approach to Achievement and Improvement Indexes,'7th Workshop on
Efficiency and Productivity, Oviedo, Spain, Sept. 2001
(R. F¨are), 'Optimization Models Applied to Productivity and the Environment,' Brazilian Society of
Op- erations Research, Campos de Jordao, Brazil, Nov. 2001
(C. Tremblay), 'Manic Depression, Occupational Choice and Creativity,' SEA meetings, Nov. 2001
(R. F¨are), 'The Practice of Production Theory in Environmental Economics,' Occasional California
Work- shop on Environmental and Resource Economics, Santa Barbara Oct. 2001
(K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Productivity, Innovation and Diffusion in the United States: Can Policy Put
the States on the Technology Frontier?', CSWEP session, ASSA meetings, Atlanta, Jan. 2002.
(R. F¨are, C. Pasurka), 'Environmental Regulations and Traditional Measures of Productivity: A
Joint Production Perspective,' AERE session, ASSA meetings, Atlanta, Jan. 2002.
(K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Competition and Efficiency: the Impact of Charter Schools on Public School
Per- formance,' North American Productivity Workshop, Schenectady, NY, June 20-22.
(R. F¨are, V. Zelenyuk), 'Finding Common Ground: Efficiency Indexes,' North American
Productivity Workshop, Schenectady, NY, June 20-22.
(R. F¨are, C. Pasurka), 'Stated vs Revealed Approaches to Measuring Pollution Abatement Costs,'
Second World Congress of Environmental and Resource Economics, Monterey, June 23-27.
(R. F¨are, W. Weber), 'Shadow Prices and Pollution Costs in U.S. Agriculture,' Second World
Congress of Environmental and Resource Economics, Monterey, June 23-27.
(R. F¨are, V. Zelenyuk),'Aggregation of Cost Efficiency Indicators and Indexes across Firms,' Asia
Confer- ence on Efficiency and Productivity Growth, Taipei, July 19-20.
(K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Competition and Efficiency: the Impact of Charter Schools on Public School
Per- formance,' Asia Conference on Efficiency and Productivity Growth, Taipei, July 19-20.
(K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Productivity, Innovation and Diffusion in the United States: Can Policy Put
the States on the Technology Frontier?', Asia Conference on Efficiency and Productivity Growth, Taipei,
July 19-20.
(S. Self, O. Zaim),'To What Extent is the Efficiency of Public Health Expenditure Determined by
the Status of Health?", ASSA meetings, CSWEP session, January.
(R. F¨are, V. Zelenyuk), 'Finding Common Ground: Efficiency Indices,' Conference on Aggregation,
Efficiency and Measurement in honor of R.. Robert Russell, U.C. Riverside, CA.
(R. Br¨annlund, R. F¨are, M. Lindmark), 'Environmental Performance in Swedish Manufacturing
1913-1980,' Karl-Gustav L¨ovgren Symposium, Ulv¨on, Sweden. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Competition and
Efficiency: the Impact of Charter Schools on Public School Performance,' SEA Meetings, Nov.
(R. F¨are, K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Dynamic Efficiency: Is the Public Sector Investing too Little?,
Conference on Efficiency and Productivity, Oviedo, Spain, September.
'Modeling a Pollution Technology: Theory and Practice',University of Patras, Patras, Greece,
HEWPEM, keynote address.
(D. Vaughn-Aiken, R. F¨are, C. Pasurka), 'Least Cost Air Pollution Control: A CGE Joint
Production Framework,' ASSA, San Diego, CA.
(P. Bogetoft, R. F¨are, K. Hayes, L. Taylor) 'Dynamic Efficiency: Is the Public Sector Investing
too Little?', special workshop, Copenhagen, DK, June 10. (K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Competition and
Efficiency: the Impact of Charter Schools on Public School Performance,' APPC, Brisbane Australia,
(N. Chau, R. F¨are), 'Trade Restrictiveness and Pollution,' APPC, Brisbane Australia, July. (R.
F¨are, R. Sickles), 'Productivity? Of U.S. Airlines,' NAPW, Toronto.
(R. F¨are, E. Tortosa-Ausina), 'Efficiency and Market Power in Banking,' European Workshop on
Produc- tivity and Efficiency Analysis, Brussels, summer.
(R. F¨are and D. Margaritis), 'The Role of R and D in U.S. Agricultural Productivity,'European
Workshop on Productivity and Efficiency Analysis, Brussels, summer, also presented at the New
Zealand Economet- rics Workshop in Christchurch in February.
(R. F¨are, P. Roos), 'Optimizing Cataract Surgery,' American Public Health Association Meetings,
Philadel- phia, December.
(K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Are Charter Schools More Efficient? Comparing the Technical, Allocative and
Scale Efficiency of Texas Public Schools,' Southern Economic Association Meetings, Washington, D.C.
(R. F¨are, D. Margaritis),'Sectoral Productivity Trends Across OECD Manufacturing Industries,'
Hellenic Efficiency and Productivity Workshop, Patras, Greece, June.
(R. F¨are), 'Assessing Trade-Offs between farm profits and ecological services,' Asian Pacific
Productivity Conference, Seoul, South Korea.
(R. F¨are, P. Roos, M. Lundstr¨om), 'Evaluating Health Care Efficiency', Asian Pacific Productivity
Con- ference, Seoul, South Korea.
(R. F¨are),'Assessing Trade-Offs between farm profits and ecological services,' Salinity Workshop,
Sydney, Australia, February.
(R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'Efficiency and Productivity: Malmquist and More,' keynote address,
European Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity, Lille, France, June.
(L. Taylor, K. Hayes), 'Is a Low Instructional Share an Indicator of School Inefficiency:
Exploring the 65 percent solution,' European Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity, Lille,
France, June.
(R. F¨are, P. Roos, M. Lundstr¨om), 'Evaluating Health Care Efficiency', preconference workshop,
IHEA, Lund, Sweden, July.
(R. F¨are, , C. Pasurka), 'Modeling Pollution Abatement Technologies and Productivity within a
Technology,' NAPW V, New York University, June 24-27.
(P. Bogetoft, R. F¨are, K. Hayes, L. Taylor), 'Network DEA: Some Applications and Illustrations,'
DEA Symposium 2008, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan, February 18-19.
(P. Bogetoft, R. F¨are), 'Thoughts about Network DEA,' DEA Symposium 2008, Seikei University,
Tokyo, Japan, February 18-19.
(R. F¨are, D. Margaritis), 'R & D in U.S. Agriculture,' AIEA2-USDA, International conference
on the economic impact of public support to agriculture, Bologna, Italy, June 19-21.
(R. Chambers, R. F¨are), 'Generalized Quadratic Revenue Functions,' Conference on Frontiers of
Microe- conomic Theory and Policy, 3-4 July, CESifo Munich.
'Network DEA: some applications,' Asia Pacific Productivity Conference, Taipei, July 2008.
(E. Ball, R. F¨¨are, D. Margaritis), "Energy in the U.S. Agricultural Sector: 1960-2004,' European
Workshop on Efficiency and Productivitiy Analysis, Pisa, June 24-27.
(R. F¨¨are, B. Frijns, and D. Margaritis), 'A Dynamic Malmquist Productivity Index,' Operations
Research society Meetings, Bonn, July 4-7.
2010: R. F¨¨are, B. Frijns, and D. Margaritis, 'A Dynamic Malmquist Productivity Index,' DEA
2010 symposium, Fo Guang University, Jiaosi, Taiwan, Jan. 19-21.
R. F¨¨are, B. Frijns, and D. Margaritis, 'A Dynamic Malmquist Productivity Index,' Productivity
Workshop, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, Feb. 25-27.
R. F¨¨are, D. Margaritis, and W. Weber, 'Technical Change and Timing Reductions in Greenhouse Gas
Emissions,' Productivity Workshop, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, Feb.
R. F¨¨are, 'Functional Forms in Primal and Dual Representations of Technology' NZ Econometric
Group, Auckland, New Zealand, Feb. 25-27.
R. F¨¨are, D. Margaritis, and W. Weber, 'Technical Change and Timing Reductions in Greenhouse Gas
Emissions,' North American Productivity Workshop, Rice University, Houston, TX June 2-5.
(L. Taylor, K. Hayes), 'Is a Low Instructional Share an Indicator of School Inefficiency:
Exploring the 65 percent solution,' North American Productivity Workshop, Rice University, Houston,
TX June 2-5.


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But less experienced researchers or even experienced researchers who are new to a certain type of research would often benefit from consultation with others. Agencies might maintain a directory of experienced researchers who could be called upon to consult with grantees as situations arise. Advisory boards are often created for this purpose and may be especially helpful on large and complex projects.
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siler Wrote:
May 25, 2012 3:58 AM
Historian and President of Washington Grove Institute in WDC, Webster Tarpley, discusses the conspiratorial and shares his intriguing analysis of current geopolitical and historical situations. More and more people are turning toward conspiracies because the "official story" behind such events as 9-11 and the JFK assassination are unbelievable or fantastic, he said. Tarpley doesn't consider himself a conspiracy theorist, but a seeker of truth. America can get out of its economic woes by seizing control of the Federal Reserve, and stop using it to give 0% loans to bankers and financial interests, and instead give these loans with a hundred year maturity to the states, who could then start massive infrastructure rebuilding projects.


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I like them too! Carnifex, I'm going to be away for a couple of weeks but I'll catch up with you when I get back.
I like yer ideas
Daniel the Neon Knight: Campaign Cartographer User
Never use a big word when a diminutive one will suffice!
Any questions on CC3? Post them with CC3 in the Subject Line!
MY 'FAMOUS' CC3 MAPS: Thunderspire; Pyramid of Shadows; King of the Trollhaunt Warrens; Demon Queen's Enclave
I like them too! Carnifex, I'm going to be away for a couple of weeks but I'll catch up with you when I get back.
I have written the text by hand... on white stuff (called paper) with a thing (called pen).
LoL ... too funny. Its easy to forget in the cyber world that we can still do stuff with good old fashioned pen and paper, eh? ..
Last edited by delgondahntelius; 03-06-2008 at 06:30 PM.
Don't Forget!! Rate a Tutorial Today; Add a TAG to a thread today; CLICK on a GOOGLE ADLINK once today!
To me, when I first went through it, and then later on as well, something kept nagging at me but I couldn't figure out exactly what it was. The zine has three seperate websites/forums that contribute to it. Each one deals with fantasy aspects of the genre that are interrelated and married because of that genre. But each of them can stand alone as a hobby/career/interest or whatever. Aside from the guilds collaboration of the challenge, nothing else was tied into the other.I'm curious what you guys are speaking about when you mention "finding a center" for the zine.
So what I mean when I say 'finding a center' -- its just that, a central hub from which the three can mesh together on common ground. If the author of a story took a seed from CBG world and used a CG map to set the story in, well... that is a meshed and collaborated center to build from. And the idea of Theme for the zine was something that really fit into finding a center (for me anyway) and is a good springboard from which to build upon in further issues.
Anyway... that's my idea of finding a center... or, I could be totally off the subject and rav might have meant finding the actual middle page of the zine because he lost it somwhere... in that case... I was WAY off...
Don't Forget!! Rate a Tutorial Today; Add a TAG to a thread today; CLICK on a GOOGLE ADLINK once today!


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Find it here, go there on your phone.
what you want to do on Scout.me, open your Scout App, and tap the to get driving!
Slaughterhouse (Luana's Canyon)
Kingman, AZ
During the gold rush days of the 1800 s, a gold miner and his family lived a small wood shack along a dry wash ... realhaunts.com
The end.


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Most of the discussion in the previous sections applies equally as well to active threat neutralization conducted on behalf of non-military government agencies. The Department of Homeland Security has the responsibility for seeing to the cyber protection of non-military government agencies, and to the best of the committee's knowledge, neither DHS nor any other part of government has been given the authority to conduct active defense on behalf of these agencies.
The primary difference between protection for government agencies and for the private sector is the fact that the actions of government agencies are subject to government control and direction within the limits of statutory law and constitutional restraint, whereas the U.S. government has exercised little influence apart from the bully pulpit today to direct or even influence the actions of much of the private sector regarding cybersecurity, a notable exception being private sector companies that are subject to strong government regulation, such as the financial sector or companies in the defense industrial base, or that provide key services to the federal government. (Whether this "hands-off" stance of government toward the private sector will continue to be the case in the future is not clear.)
This difference is perhaps most important regarding issues related to the determination of the threshold at which an active defense is appropriate. A private party setting the threshold is highly unlikely to take into account the overall national interest if it is given a free hand in determining that threshold, whereas a decision by government on the threshold is supposed to do so, at least in principle. That is, an action by a government agency is, in principle, coordinated throughout the federal government and that interagency process is responsible for ensuring that the overall national interest is indeed served by that action.
A variety of pragmatic issues are also easier to resolve when government agencies are at issue. For example, through executive order the President can direct federal agencies to share data about the scope and nature of any cyberattacks they are experiencing. Such information is necessary to determine the overall scope of any attack and thus to determine the nature of any active defense required. But most private parties are currently under no such obligation to provide such information to the federal government.21
Certain private parties subject to government regulation may be required to provide information under some circumstances—financial institutions, for example, are required to notify their regulatory authorities if they experience significant cyber penetrations, although this requirement is not a real-time requirement.


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Logan likes his belly rubs, I love my little man :)
Logan likes his belly rubs, I love my little man :)
So if you followed me for a long time, you would remember that post I did of Beyonce copying Jlo.
The point of that post was for me to confess that Beyonce has been copying Jennifer throughout her whole career, Not only Jennifer but others such as Michael Jackson then taking the credit for what…
I need to know the extent of pain I will be putting myself through.
Preferably on a scale of 1 to listening to Christina Aguilera's discography.


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Best Western/Suwannee River Inn
386-362-6000, located at 6819 US Hwy 129 in Live Oak, Florida. This lodge includes a swimming pool and continental breakfast. In the rooms there are a coffee pot, hairdryer, iron and ironing board, cable TV, microwave, refrigerator, and many more amenities.
Camp Weed & Cerveny Center
386-364-5250, located at 11057 Camp Weed Place in Live Oak, Florida. This lodge has a swimming pool and an on site restaurant. All of its rooms are designed for comfort and close proximity. Other amenities include: hikin
Econo Lodge
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Holiday Inn Express
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Royal Inn
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Sandy Point Motel & Campground
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Scottish Inn
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Steam Boat Dive Inn
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text:
Reuters blog archive
from Ian Bremmer:
Chinese reform is coming, but not the political kind
In a western democracy like the United States, we assume that the best time for a leader to accomplish something is in the first year of his first term. The election has just ended, the opposition is still scattered, and the legislative mandate is intact. Everybody still talks about Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first 100 Days for a reason.
In authoritarian governments, like China's, it's supposed to be different. Steering such a large bureaucracy takes time, as all the moving pieces catch up with one another. What matters is minimizing risk surrounding the transfer of power, and then engaging in a slow buildup of consensus. And yet, Xi Jinping is proving the conventional wisdom wrong. After just six months at the helm, Xi is already clearly on track to accomplish far more than his predecessor Hu Jintao.
The constellation of China's leadership left Xi Jinping with more room to maneuver upon taking office: the Politburo Standing Committee, the top brass in China's government, was consolidated from nine members to seven. Over the next few months, Xi built up a track record of successful reforms. He has worked at overhauling the banking system and shaking out its bad loans. Through his anti-corruption efforts, he has increased the accountability for the leaders of state-owned enterprises and provincial leaders. He improved product safety and the environment by changing the reward structure for the people in charge and implementing air pollution regulations. We've also seen the establishment of a free trade zone in Shanghai.
Despite all this progress, there is vastly more to do. But Xi seems up to the task -- and he is eager to get started. Over the weekend, one of Xi's allies, Yu Zhengsheng, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, promised even further reforms at the upcoming Third Plenum meeting of party leadership from November 9-12th, declaring it will usher in "unprecedented" policy changes and reform.
from Breakingviews:
China buzzword bingo shows slow move forward
By John Foley
The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.
China's rulers give little away. So at the five-yearly Communist Party Congress, details matter, from the order the new leaders come onstage to the arrangement of portraits on the front page of People's Daily. To see what's on the mind of outgoing party leader Hu Jintao, there's another option: buzzword bingo.
from Breakingviews:
Obama continuity is good for China-U.S. ties
By Richard Beales
The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.
The United States and China couldn't have more different political systems. But with Barack Obama re-elected on Tuesday as U.S. president and China's new leaders taking over next week, there is reason to hope they can see eye to eye. If Obama builds on America's recent prudent diplomacy, the two superpowers' rivalry can be constructive.
from Breakingviews:
Clean break could give China reformists hope
By Wei Gu
The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are her own.
China could benefit from a clean break. President Hu Jintao may quit his official positions in the ruling Communist Party when new leaders come in early next year, according to a report on Reuters. That would be a change from the path of his predecessor, Jiang Zemin. It would leave the incomers more room to make their mark, and push through reforms with less distraction from factional fighting.
from Breakingviews:
Five ways to hedge against a China slowdown
By Wayne Arnold
The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.
It's no surprise Hu Jintao, China's president, wants to talk up his economy. He spoke about continuing robust growth over the weekend as he headed for the G20 summit in Mexico. But the latest data showing city house prices down 1.5 percent, along with tumbling industrial production, suggest a slowdown.
from Thinking Global:
China's political intrigue ventures west
Imagine that an American intelligence agency organizes an "exercise," as one occasionally does, on how to manage an unwanted but inescapable Washington role in a Chinese leadership struggle. Throw in the following scene-setting facts:
With the Chinese Communist Party confronting a decisive leadership transition, a provincial police chief takes refuge in a U.S. consulate and spills the beans on a corruption and murder story swirling around Bo Xilai, whose populist, Maoist campaign threatens the establishment.
Just a week before the visit to Washington of Vice-President Xi Jianping, who is in line to become paramount leader this autumn, President Obama takes sides. Although Bo's forces are circling the consulate, the U.S. releases the police chief to Beijing's leaders.
With that crisis solved and Chinese leaders indebted to Obama, a blind human rights activist dramatically escapes house arrest and takes refuge in the U.S. embassy in Beijing. With Secretary Hillary Clinton arriving for a high-level Sino-U.S. summit, both sides enter crisis management mode.
It's no wonder that the intellectual salons of Washington have grown a bit bored with the ongoing U.S. election campaign and have shifted their interest instead to Chinese domestic politics. The reasons are obvious: The details are juicier, the drama is more immediate and the historic stakes are considerably more significant.
from George Chen:
Property under attack in China
By George Chen
The opinions expressed are the author's own.
While U.S. President Barack Obama hopes to see a quick property market recovery to boost investor confidence, China's intentions for its own property market are the diametric opposite – not because it wants to damage investor confidence, but rather to cool growing social unrest prompted by fast-rising property prices.
from Environment Forum:
Hu's visit is over, but China's ecological footprint lingers
The Chinese flags have disappeared from Washington's wide avenues after China's President Hu Jintao's visit this week, but one statistic is still in the air: the rapidly expanding size of the Chinese ecological footprint, compared to the huge but slowing impact U.S. consumers have on global supplies of food, water, fuel -- everything, really.
China and the United States are generally considered to hold the top two spots in the world for emissions of climate-warming greenhouse gases. But how do they compare when consumption of all goods is taken into account?
from Breakingviews:
U.S. politicians could learn from Chinese moms
By James Pethokoukis
The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.
Chinese President Hu Jintao's visit to Washington has triggered debate about whether the United States should copy his country's hands-on economic model. But the Middle Kingdom's feisty "tiger mothers" may provide a better guide. A new book extolling their tough-love approach could help America escape its debt trap and boost growth.
from Tales from the Trail:
Washington Extra – Braving the weather
President Barack Obama quipped that Chinese President Hu Jintao was brave for going to his hometown at this time of year. But what about the visit to Capitol Hill today?
Between the warm reception at the White House and the chilly weather in Chicago, Hu met lawmakers who were quite cool in their welcome. They brought up China's currency, human rights, the Chinese Nobel Peace Prize winner who wasn't allowed to attend the ceremony, Tibet, the economy and trade.


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My dream has always been to create my own language. Nothing dumb like Pig Latin, but a REAL language with rules and all that jazz. But I know I might fail a couple times, but that is how I learn! I encourage all to judge me and critique my progress so far and enjoy! FOLLOW!
Catching Elephant is a theme by Andy Taylor
People who do not know anything about linguistics love to educate others on how incorrect their use of language is. "Your child is 'doing good?' Oh you peasant, I think you mean your child is 'doing well,' because his performance of 'doing' is always 'well done,' you poor, uneducated person who 'does poorly' at life."
This has quickly happened in reference to the pronunciation of the acronym GIF, now that its creator has declared that it's pronounced like the peanut butter brand favored by choosy (and we presume, sexy, moms). Here are 3 linguistic reasons why what he says does not matter at all.
1. People who invent words - or more specifically, the concepts that words signify - do not get to determine how those words are pronounced forever.
This is a dumb metaphor but it should get you thinking. Let's say God invented trees. God cannot drop down from heaven in a series of lightning strikes and say, "Why do you call them 'trees?' They are supposed to be referred to by the Hebrew word '[blah blah].' You people must immediately stop using the word 'tree' forever, ignoramuses!
2. Words are a social agreement.
A simple way to understand this is to read the book Frindle, where some kids decide to start calling pens "frindles," to the point where frindle begins to actually signify "pen" in a useful way and eventually makes it into the dictionary. The complicated way to understand this is to study semiotics, an at-times trying subject favored by really obtuse European guys. The first thing you'll learn is that words are signs, which consist of a signifier (the word) and a signified (what it refers to). These signs are a result of an intersubjective agreement between people who determine what a word will refer to and agree to use it that way. i.e. "When I say 'door,' I mean that open-y thing on the other side of the room."
One of the main guys, Saussure, favored studying spoken language, probably because spoken language often tends to reflect these intersubjective agreements more than written language, which sometimes superimposes grammatical rules that people resist agreeing upon. (You could argue that we have intersubjectively agreed, as Americans, that it is fine to use adjectives, rather than adverbs when the adverbs don't make sense to us, like in my intro example about 'doing good' vs. 'doing well.' Feeling bad does not mean you are doing a bad job at feeling, you know?)
Sometimes words that people try to invent and get other people to agree to use are not successful, like in Mean Girls when Regina George tells Gretchen "quit trying to make fetch happen."
We have already made an intersubjective agreement, as a society, to pronounce GIF with a hard G, and its creator Steve Wilhite is late to the party.
3. There is no "wrong" if words are fulfilling their function of signifying a signified object or concept.
I hate when people correct one another's language usage for being "newfangled" or corrupted because corruption is how most language is created. For example, English could be considered a corruption of Germanic languages colliding with Romance languages, cemented by generations that found logical ways to structure corrupted, "newfangled" words grammatically. Language likes corruption so much that it even makes it possible for something to mean its opposite, if people like saying it that way enough. For example, the phrase "I could care less." If you could care less, it technically means you do care, but this phrase actually means you totally don't care at all.
GIF pronounced with a hard 'g' is already successfully being used to refer to graphical interface formulas, and attempts to change already successful signifiers often translate into annoying ways for people to nag other people about their language use, rather than actual, more 'correct' terms.
We probably started pronouncing it with a hard G to differentiate it from the peanut butter or something. Either way, it's already been intersubjectively agreed upon, and that is what matters most in language. If you want to keep pronouncing it that way, don't let people tell you that you are incorrect.
Note: I started a new blog about language called Linguisticated, where this was originally published. I might share things from there here now and again if they seem relevant to a wider audience. Also I didn't create this image macro. If you did I am happy to credit you. Found it on Tumblr.
I'm actually looking at the excel sheet kind of depressed at how little I have, but honestly I didn't enter all the concepts and ideas I have created so I'm going to keep my head up! Tomorrow I hope to start creating more words! I'm glad to have this finished!
Any suggestions or Comments would be a BIG help!
Update: I got all my nouns and the "Odds 'N Ends" parts of my language entered in! I hope to get Verbs and Adjectives entered then this weekend I can start to add more new words!
I actually created a few, but mostly I looked for inspiration on the internet and borrowed English, IPA, and Cyrillic letters. I would suggest finding inspiration and then tweaking or basing your symbols off of them. And THANK YOU! Also I'm constantly changing the letters, if I happen by drawing or seeing one I like more than one of my symbols I'm not afraid to change it. Also picking a theme or archetype for your language helped me (pretty, curly, elegant, rigid, etc…) This is just me and I hope this helps! I had A TON of trial and error and I'm super proud of how my language is looking. Thank you so much for your question!
So after researching I found out you CAN "Control F" (search for a word) in an Excel Spreadsheet.
So I am going to enter my English word and couple it with it's Phonetic-version of my language, into each cell.
This means that if I search for a word in either language it doesn't matter, because I will be led to the SAME CELL!!! I'm so freaking excited, but I'm going to have to come up with a uniform way to represent each word. It shouldn't be hard, except for the marked letters…
but after I get the excel language all worked out, I can just post names in that means so I can just update one word instead of having to go through the process of writing it all out and uploading groups.
is to write all the English words I have into an excel or word document that I can "control F" to search so I don't make double words, but then I need a system to find the words so I don't make double words in my own language. Suggestions would be AMAZING! But I AM working on 5 new words right now I will post soon, but again any help with this would be super! :D


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Maricopa, AZUSA
Hometown: Sayville, NY
July 4, 2011
Probably myself although there's always the possibility of a tagalong from another group.
I hike South Mountain a lot as it's most convenient. Would like to hike around the Mogollon Rim some more.
Maybe sometime in the future.
Explore new places and continue to get in better shape.
Hi all. Been hiking now for about a year and a half. I consider myself a seasoned beginner leaning towards intermediate. Belong to a few other groups but always looking to expand and meet new people and hike new trails.
Hi Todd, I'm just starting out here but it's nice to see there's another former Long Islander.
You take great pictures. It looked like an amazing hike.
Thanks for being so welcoming and for your super note. We both had a great time. I"ll get you up that ridge one of these days!
Hello Todd, welcome to the group :)
that's cool you're from NY and art background too :)
Hi Todd, welcome to Trail Mix!
As a fellow Morgan, I would like to welcome you to the group...
Hi Todd....thanks so much. I was able to put my photos on. They went in with yours, but I posted a note that said #82 on were submitted by me.
Hey, it was great meeting you too! Thanks for posting your pictures--they turned out really well! Probably see you at another hike soon! :)
Hi Todd....Loved your photos. I would like to post mine from the hike too. I don't know how to do it. Can you help me?
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text:
The World's Most Bizarre Restaurants, Part 1
Ever want to eat sushi from a body? Or maybe dine while dangling 150 feet in the air? Well, you can if you go to some of these absolutely bizarre restaurants:
Nyotaimori, Japan
Nyotaimori is a Japanese restaurant that serves sushi and sashimi on the naked body of a woman. The name literally means the "female body plate," hence the bizarre practice inside this establishment. Employees serve the food on a body made of food and place that on an operating table for the diners' delight. Patrons can cut open the body—which will begin to bleed. But fear not, everything within her is completely edible.
Marton Theme Restaurant, Taiwan
The famous "toilet restaurant" in Taiwan serves people – you guessed it – out of a toilet bowl. Located in Kaohsiung, the dining establishment is covered in bathroom décor: toilet seats serve as chairs, toilet seat shaped plates and bowls house the meals, bathtubs become tables, and so on. Some of the food is even in the shape of poo, though judging by its popularity we doubt it tastes like it.
Dinner in the Sky, Belgium
Revelers in Belgium can enjoy dinner in Brussels while dangling 150 feet in the air. Taking 22 diners at a time, the specially designed tables and chairs are crane-lifted into the air, where you can enjoy the scenery while attempting to not drop your fork.
D.S. Music Restaurant, Taiwan
Located in Taipei, the D.S. Music Restaurant's name is rather misleading. Instead of music you can expect syringes, medicine and IV drips hanging from the ceiling of this hospital-themed dining establishment. Once inside the restaurant, diners order 'medicine' from a menu, which is served from a drip at the table and the drinks are served from IV-like contraptions. Dresses like nurses, the wait staff asks trivia questions, and if you get them right you're rewarded they squirt a tasty drink in your mouth with a syringe. It only gets stranger from there. Once you're done eating, a female staff member in a deranged ballerina costume dances on your table.
Vampire Café, Tokyo
Ginza, Tokyo houses the Gothic paradise of Vampire Café. Staying true to its name, the café is decorated with bloody references like red velvet walls, red blood-celled floors, red thrones for seating and red aperitif garnished with tiny skulls for drinking. Coffins are scattered along the premise with flickering candles sitting on top while Baroque music emanates throughout the dining establishment, thus completing the ambiance. Thankfully Dracula's food isn't on the menu, which can best be described as a mix of Italian, French and Japanese cuisine.


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