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Ladue Location
Address: 9644 Clayton Road (Ladue Marketplace Area)
Ladue, MO 63124
Phone: 314 997-8900
Fax: 314-997-8901
Regular Store Hours
Monday / 10 am - 7 pm
Tuesday / noon - 7 pm
Wednesday / Noon - 7pm
Thursday / Noon - 7 pm
Friday / 10 am - 7 pm
Saturday / 10 am - 5 pm
Sunday Hours by appointment
This store is 2 miles west of Brentwood Blvd.
or 2 miles east of Lindbergh
or 1/4 mile east of the intersection of Hwy 40/64 and Clayton Rd.
Stallone's Formal Wear has been providing formal wear in mid-county since 1950 in Clayton. In 2007, we moved that store to a new location in Ladue.
Known for its unique character and exquisite landscape, Ladue is a residential community established in 1936. Located in the Ladue Marketplace, Stallone's Formal Wear is proud to be part of the warm community of Ladue. Stallone's Formal Wear Ladue is right down the street from the popular Ladue Florist and the notable Lester's Sports Bar & Grill.


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Can Staph Be Mistaken For Herpes
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
HIV and Staph infectionHi. Thank you for your time. Three and a half months ago I had a brief sexual encounter with a guy who was recovering form staph infection and also had herpes, but neglected to tell me that. We had unprotected sex once and he did not ejaculate...
Response from Rick Sowadsky, M.P.H.
Nevada State Health Division AIDS ProgramHi. Thank you for your question. If a person has HIV, diseases like Staphand Herpes can be much more severe, and much harder to treat. However, justbecause he's having these problems, does not necessarily mean he has HIV. However, it would... Read more »
Do I have Staph, Shingles, Zoster?I have a large, boil-like growth on my inner butt-cheek. It's very red & hard (to touch)... Read more »
staphI am young, and (I thought) in pretty good health. I do not exaggerate when I say that aside from... Read more »
Illinois: Man Mistakenly Told He Was HIV Positive Sues LaboratoryIn a lawsuit filed Thursday, a Granite City, Ill., man is suing a medical laboratory for mistakenly informing him he was HIV-positive. Brett Bareford, 45, was wrongly informed he was HIV-positive after he submitted blood samples for testing during a... Read more »
HIV-Positive Blood Mistakenly Used for Transfusions, Blood Products in Korea, Health Ministry SaysBlood that tested positive for HIV or hepatitis was used in transfusions and to make blood products because of errors made by the Korea National Red Cross , officials from the country's Ministry of Health and Welfare said on Thursday, the Korea... Read more »
New York Lawsuit: Hepatitis Patient Mistakenly Got HIV MedicationLiver transplant patient Gregory Rossini has filed suit against New York University Medical Center (NYUMC), claiming the hospital's pharmacy gave him medicine for HIV instead of hepatitis C. The $2 million lawsuit was filed in Manhattan's state... Read more »
Mistaken Assumptions and Missed Opportunities: Correlates of Undiagnosed HIV Infection Among Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex With MenThe authors of the current study sought to identify the correlates of being HIV-positive but unaware among black and Latino men who have sex with men. These men were compared with HIV-negative MSM in bivariate and multivariate analyses. ... Read more »
Connect With Others
Staph Infection
Posted by moonstarchild, 1 ReplyI went to the doctor on Thursday because my throat was hurting and my kids were all sick with strep. I went to the doctor today to get cleared to go back to work and he told me that it wasn't strep it was a staph infection in my throat!!! I was... Read more »
Can HIV antibodies cross react in a herpes test
Posted by Anonymous, 1 ReplyHi folks,
I am wondering if HIV antibodies can be mistakenly be picked up by HSV-2 IgG ELISA. This may cause false positive for HSV-2. ELISA (even for HSV-2) being a more sensitive test as compared to specific has been always known to throw in false... Read more »
genital herpes or herpes simplex
Posted by Anonymous, 2 RepliesCould herpes cause changes in your mouth like dry mouth, white hairy tongue? Thanks for your response.
Read more »
Herpes question.....
Posted by Anonymous, 1 ReplyCan having herpes cause you seroconvert later and test positive later than someone who doesn't have herpes? Read more »
Guides for People With HIV

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
1/4 Photos of Rumbledthumps
Prep Time:
Cook Time:
15 mins
40 mins
The name for this British dish means "mixed together" - rumbled, and "bashed together" - thumped. This is a meatless main course but can also be served as a vegetable dish along with meat.
Units: US | Metric
Serving Size: 1 (194 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 4
Your life in the kitchen will never be the same.


text: Bankruptcy – Dischargeability – Rent By: Tom Egan June 28, 2012 Where the Leominster Housing Authority, the former landlord of the defendant debtor, has moved for summary judgment on its complaint which alleges that the debt owed to it by the debtor for underpayment of rent is nondischargeable pursuant to Bankruptcy Code §523(a)(2), a trial is necessary on the issue of the debtor's intent to deceive. Subscribe Login Email Address: Password: Already a paid subscriber but not registered for online access yet? For instructions on how to get premium web access, click here.Forgot your password? Share this:EmailPrintFacebookLinkedInTwitterGoogle +1 7:51 am Thu, June 28, 2012 Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly Tom Egan


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Anyone wanna donate $900 to me?
Why do I have to have such high expectations for shoes?
Well, back to hunting.
1 year ago on May 27, 2013 at 09:15pm
- pantlesswerewolf said: try etsy, even if they don't have exactly what you want i'm sure someone would custom make you a pair
- edensflaw posted this


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Kilodad loves his kids.
For metaorigin.
remember: he actually used to have kids. now he treats aya and razer like his kids because he misses his own
What about SW's hug? D:
He wasn't in the original request, though I tossed him in another line of reblogs for this post. But since you asked…. here <333
i know i'm late to the gltas party but i hope there's still time to talk about how pretty it is
never too late
"I'm not actually very good at talking to girls."
Quote: The Message
Screenshot: Invasion
Razaya Parallels: Invasion vs Cold Fury
t h i s s h o w
You're right. You're not a rookie anymore.
Well, so much for being an emotionless robot *coughtakethathaterscough*
I'm loving all of these little face shots, because we get to see what an absolutely wonderful job they did on the emotions here. There's this tiny little smile, this tiny little crinkle right around the eyes. A gentle lift on her eyebrows. That's it. It's not over blown. It's one second and such small movements that you don't even necessarily pick them out when it first happens.
And I love it. There's this whole other layer to everything written into their body language.
(Is there an award for awesome depiction of body language in a visual media? If so, can I nominate these people? Because they just rock.)
Green Lantern: The Animated Series. Nominated for Award For Awesome Depiction Of Body Language In A Visual Media.
Also, nominated for Award For Being An All-Around Awesome Show.
I encourage Fanterns to remember that Aya has had development, a lot of it, that in no way relates to her as being a subset of Razer. Aya is her own person and the romance with Razer is only a small part of that. We have literally watched her grow from newborn A.I. to a full-fledged Green Lantern (in every sense that matters). She's her own person, and that's amazing and a little rare in animated shows aimed at a younger audience that often forget to fully flesh out female leads.
Hal: She totally disobeyed my order!
Kilowog: Oh yeah. You especially should get mad when someone breaks the rules.
To this day I think the two sets of eyelids are awesome
To this day I think the two sets of eyelids are
awesomesexy FTFY
^you and me should talk gurl
You do not even want to unleash this can of worms with me. I will disgust you. CAN'T BE TAMED


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Jonas Jerebko confirmed the report that he won't play for Sweden's national team this summer. David Mayo of MLive:
Still, Jerebko said that through discussions with Pistons president of basketball operations Joe Dumars and strength and conditioning coach Arnie Kander, it was determined he should spend most of this summer doing targeted training at the practice facility in Auburn Hills.
"With me having no time to work on my game – it's been a long season and I went straight from rehab into the season, basically, and had no time to recover on my Achilles' – Arnie said that I need a summer off to just work on my game and get stronger," Jerebko said. "He's the expert on that stuff. I haven't been able to work my leg in a while. So we just came to a decision that that's the best thing to do."
I'm a little disappointed to read that. I hope the Pistons didn't pressure Jerebko to sit out if he wanted to play and felt he could've without compromising his Achilles' tendon. Until now, all news about his recovery had been positive.
A player competing for his country can be a great honor, and I don't think it's right for NBA teams to restrict that unnecessarily. I'm sure the scrutiny here would be higher if Jerebko were American, but I expect this issue to die quickly.
Unless signs emerge that the Pistons went too far in prohibiting Jerebko from playing, I'll drop the issue. I just hope it was truly Jerebko's call.
Tags: Jonas Jerebko


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"Physical pleasure is a sensual experience no different from pure seeing or the pure sensation with which a fine fruit fills the tongue; it is a great unending experience, which is given us, a knowing of the world, the fullness and the glory of all knowing. And not our acceptance of it is bad; the bad thing is that most people misuse and squander this experience and apply it as a stimulant at the tired spots of their lives and as distraction instead of a rallying toward exalted moments.
Find a translation for this quote in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this Rainer Maria Rilke quote with the community:
Use the citation below to add this quote to your bibliography:
"Rainer Maria Rilke Quotes." Quotes.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 25 Oct. 2014. <http://www.quotes.net/quote/53283>.


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sleepnthegarden0421 said: I love your blog <3
thank you so much!!!
avacadosnumber said: where did you get your backpack monogrammed?
At a local shop in my hometown! Look for the nearest embroidery shop :)
Anonymous said: Hi, my name is Tammy and I ABSOLUTELY ... love this dress and the boots... I am getting married in the next year... I want to wear my boots too.. but I would love to know the maker of this gorgeous dress... I fell in love with it, soon as I saw it. would you mind sharing with me where it came from? thank you!
Congratulations on getting married soon! :)
What dress is it that you're referring to?


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Click on links to expand and retract categories
The following Essential Oils Guide, written by Kathryn Sharp, is available as a hard copy, ring binder book available from www.whitesagelanding.net.
This book provides valuable information on the use of essential oils for self-medication. Information is provided on internal and external uses, physical, mental, and spiritual uses. Please consider the toxicology information and applications information when using an oil that is unfamiliar to you, in order to make an informed choice.
Essential oil, extract, or absolute:
Botanical name:
Batch Number:
Top notes: Begin to 15 minutes
Heart Notes: 15 minutes to 1 hour
Base notes: Up to several days
Physical/energetic responses:
Emotional responses: ___vivacity ___passion ___mystery ___euphoria ___fantasy ___clarity
___serenity ___dream or visionary state ___others:
Sensory: ___hot/warm ___cold/cool ___moist ___dry ___neutral
Chakras: ___root ___navel ___solar plexus ___heart ___throat ___third eye ___crown ___others:
Color(s) evoked:
Gender: ___masculine ___feminine ___both ___neutral
Element: ___earth ___air ___fire ___water ___ether ___other:
Season: ___spring-rising ___fall-dropping ___winter-contracting ___summer-expanding
Intuitive information:
Notes: ___Citrus ___ Fruity ___ Floral ___ Spicy ___ Sweet ___ Balsamic ___Animal/musky ___ Resinous ___Camphoraceous ___ Sour ___Smoky ___Woody ___Herbaceous ___Minty ___Green/leafy___ Coniferous
Dilution ratios for external applications:
1% dilution = children, elderly, pregnant, very sensitive
8 drops essential oil in 1 oz. carrier
4 drops essential oil in 1/2 oz. carrier
3 drops essential oil in 2 drams carrier
2% dilution = use for massage and most applications
15 drops essential oil in 1 oz. carrier
8 drops essential oil in 1/2 oz. carrier
5 drops essential oil in 2 drams carrier
4% dilution = for local inflammation, pain reduction, burns, when desiring stronger effects
30 drops essential oil in 1 oz. carrier
15 drops essential oil in 1/2 oz. carrier
10 drops essential oil in 2 drams carrier
An essential oil may contain anywhere from 50 to thousands of different chemical constituents. This chemical diversity creates several unique characteristics.
Resistance phenomenon: Many invading organisms, viruses and bacteria, can adapt over time to synthetic chemical-based drugs. Because they contain a simple chemical make-up, antibiotics are relatively easy for an organism to adapt to. If they are able to adapt and become immune, the antibiotic then becomes ineffective for subsequent treatment. In time, organisms adapt so well that they no longer respond to antibiotic treatment. Science must then come up with a new, stronger chemical to fight this super resistant organism. This ability of organisms to adapt to drugs is called "resistance phenomenon."
Because essential oils contain so many diverse chemicals, bacteria and organisms can not adapt to them. Virtually no resistance phenomena have been reported for any of the oils, according to experts in the field. Because the oils are a product of nature, always changing with each new distillation, there is practically no possibility that resistance phenomenon will ever be encountered. To read more about resistance phenomenon and essential oils, read Healing with Essential Oils and Medical Aromatherapy by Kurt Schnaubelt.
Feedback loops: By isolating one chemical as is done in the production of drugs, scientists can more easily study the effects of that chemical on the human body. Through controlled studies, it is possible to determine how a chemical will affect a large percentage of the population. Because a synthetic drug has only one main action on the body, there are no balancing actions provided. Dosage becomes very important and chances for side effects are high. For more information on feedback loops, read Medical Aromatherapy by Kurt Schnaubelt.
Essential oils contain hundreds or thousands of chemicals acting at once. This opens the potential of forming feedback loops with the body. For example, when a sedative oil is applied, components are available that are relaxing or sedating. At the same time, there are trace amounts of stimulating components as well. This means the body can use the sedative components of the oil, and when it begins to move out of balance with that property, the stimulating components can be used to create balance again. A feedback loop is created within the nervous system and the body may use what it needs when it needs it. This is part of the reason behind the fact that different people experience the same oil in a different way. For example-many people feel that geranium is a tissue regenerating oil, whereas others may believe it is a stimulating oil, and still others classify it as a relaxing oil. They are all "right"! Each person is responding to a different part of the chemical constituency, based on their body's individual needs.
Low toxicity: Because of the synergy of many different chemicals, often in trace amounts, essential oils can have a potent effect on the body in very low dosages. This means that there is a low potential for side effects compared to synthetic drug treatment. When essential oils are used topically and at proper dilution rates, undesirable effects are practically non-existent. Negative reactions are most often caused by deliberate abuse, such as trying to use essential oils to induce abortion, or by gross overdosing of essential oils.
Possible undesirable effects of the constituents within essential oils can include:
The major chemical families of potentially toxic essential oil constituents are the following:
TOXIC OILS-General usage
TOXIC OILS-Oral usage
Specific Symptom: Avoid these oils
Allergies: Goldenrod
Asthma: Yarrow Oregano Rosemary Cassia
Breast cancer*: Anise Cypress* Sage* Clary sage Coriander*
Cancer: Calamus Basil Sassafrass Tarragon
Epilepsy or seizures: (All high to moderate ketone content) Hyssop Sage Nutmeg Fennel Anise
Glaucoma: Thyme Hyssop Cypress Tarragon
Taking coumadin or other blood-thinning drugs: Lavender Khella Spike lavender Bay laurel
High blood pressure: Lemon Hyssop Rosemary
Hypo-thyroid condition: Fennel
Pregnancy: All oils with very high to moderate ketone content
Lactation: Cypress Peppermint Sage (suppress milk production)
Skin allergies: All oils high in phenols, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes
Sun exposure, tanning: All oils with coumarin, all absolutes, all citrus oils
Tumors*: Fennel* Anise* Caraway*
Urinary infection: Juniper leaf (Use juniper berry, grapefruit or tea tree instead)
Young children under age 5: Eucalyptus Peppermint All high to moderate ketone or phenol content
*Tumors and breast cancer advisory is offered for you to help make an informed choice. These oils contain plant estrogen-like substances that many feel may contribute to an already high estrogen condition. An alternative group feels that these plant hormones are exactly what the body needs, providing a signal to the body to stop producing estrogen.
Essential oils contain many healing properties, which are listed on the following pages. But that's not all. Through interacting with the essential oils, one can open a gateway into another world. You might think of this world as the spirit world. You might think of it as the underlying consciousness and intelligence of the universe. You might think of it as the field of pure energy that exists through all dimensions of time and space. You might have another way of thinking about it altogether.
Any form that is helpful to you for making the connection is fine. The important thing is to use it, to make the connection to the inner reality. This connection is the key to self empowerment. It is the key to healing ourselves and the earth. It is the key to personal evolution; the key to co-creation. It will lead us to our very purpose for being here.
How can essential oils help us to make that connection? Allow me to show you how it has worked for me. I will share several forms and encourage you to use them. After you have begun to experience the feeling of connection, you may get ideas about how to do the same thing in a different way. Please follow these ideas-experiment and play with the possibilities. I am sure they are endless.
Whenever I acquire a new oil, I make the intention not to be influenced by what I have read about the oil. I want to experience the oil as if I have never heard of it before, with complete "beginner's mind" . I put a drop of oil on a Q-tip or a strip of paper. Then I slowly and deeply smell the oil. I fill out the aromatic profile (see above), making notes as information comes to me.
First, I begin by identifying the top note aromas that I am smelling, and writing them down (such as floral, smoky, herbaceous, etc.).
I notice as my attention is drawn to certain areas of my body for physical responses to the oil. Do I suddenly feel warm? Do I begin to salivate? Do I feel like moving? Do I want to lie down? Any physical sensations or responses are then written on the profile.
I check for emotional or energetic responses. If I remember a sad event, I will make a note of it. If I feel lots of energy in a certain chakra or area in my energy field, see or think of a color or season, or have any impressions at all, I record it all on the profile.
Sometimes I will move the oil droplet on the Q-tip through my energy field at each chakra point to get an impression of how it feels in my field. It may feel tingly, prickly, smooth, expansive, warm, or softening. I continue to write down all my impressions until I feel complete.
After a few minutes, I will return to the oil and smell it again. I notice the differences in the first and second impressions, recording the aromatic notes that arise known as heart notes.
Later, I will return to record the base notes (the aromatic notes that are left after an hour may be very different than the first ones that you smelled as it came out of the bottle), and any final impressions that may come to me.
Now I have information that I received directly from the oil. It is always fun to read about an oil afterward and see how similar (or different) my impressions are to the collective information that is available on the oil. When I am using the oil with a client or for myself, my direct information will provide a level of connection that is not available through a book.
Analgesic: Relieves pain
Anaphrodisiac: Reduces sexual feelings and desire
Anesthetic: Relieves local pain by reducing nerve sensation
Antibacterial: Inhibits growth of bacteria
Antidepressant: Reduces and prevents depression
Antiemetic: Relieves nausea and vomiting
Antifungal: Inhibits the growth of fungal infections
Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation
Antilithic: Dissolves and prevents formation of stones
Antineuralgic: Alleviates nerve pain
Antiparasitic: Kills or inhibits growth of parasites
Antipruritic: Relieves itching
Antisclerotic: Removes circulatory deposits and plaque build-up
Antiseptic: Kills bacteria
Antispasmodic: Relieves and prevents cramps, spasms, convulsions
Antisudorific: Stops perspiration
Antitoxic: Counteracts poisons
Antitussive: Relieves coughing
Antiviral: Inhibits viral infection
Aperitive: Stimulates apetite
Aphrodisiac: Enhances sexual sensation and desire
Astringent: Contracts tissue, reduces secretions
Balsamic: Softens mucus
Bronchodilator: Dilates bronchial tubes, reduces spasm
Cardiotonic: Tones the heart muscle
Carminative: Relieves flatulence
Choleretic: Stimulates production of bile
Cicatrizant: Enhances formation of scar tissue, cellular healing
Decongestant: Reduces congestion
Digestive: Promotes and aids digestion
Disinfectant: Kills micro-organisms
Diuretic: Increases elimination of water from tissues through increased urine production
Estrogenic: Produces an estrogen-like action
Emollient: Softens and heals skin
Emmenogogue: Regulates menstruation
Expectorant: Increases discharge and elimination of mucus from sinuses, lungs, bronchial tubes
Febrifuge: Reduces fevers
Hemostatic: Stops bleeding
Hepatic: Liver tonic or stimulant
Hypnotic: Induces sleep (or altered consciousness state)
Insecticide: Kills or repels insects
Laxative: Promotes bowel movement
Nervine: Soothing and calming to the nervous system
Regenerator: Promotes regrowth and repair of tissues
Rejuvenator: Increases youthful vitality
Relaxant: Produces relaxation, reduces tension
Resolvent: Reduces swelling
Sedative: Promotes drowsiness, calms anxiety and tension
Stimulant: Increases an activity
Stomachic: Strengthens and tones the stomach
Sudorific: Increases persiration
Tonic: Strengthens the entire body/energy field, or that of a specific organ
Tranquillizer: Calming without producing drowsiness
Vermifuge: Expels intestinal worms
Vulnerary: Applied externally to wounds-heals tissue
Analgesic: Angelica, Anise, Birch, Clove, Everlasting, Basil, Chamomile, Clary sage, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Cassia, Spruce, Rosemary, Rosalina, Cabreuva, Peppermint, Thyme, Galbanum, Lemongrass, Manuka, Lab. tea
Anaphrodisiac: Hops, Marjoram, Myrrh
Anesthetic: Cassia, Cinnamon, Clove, Peppermint
Antibacterial: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Birch, Cassia, Cinnamon, Chamomile, Clary sage, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Geranium, Havozo, Juniper, Lavender, Lantana, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Manuka, Marjoram, Marigold, Neroli, Niaouli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Rose Rock, Rose, Rosalina, Rosemary, Sage, Spikenard, Tea tree, Thyme
Antidepressant: Cardamon, Cassia, Clary sage, Clove, Everlasting, Havozo, Lantana, Lemon myrtle, Manuka, Niaouli, Neroli, Orange, Rose, Sage, Spruce, Thyme, Ylang ylang
Antiemetic: Basil, Cardamon, Chamomile, Fennel, Ginger, Lavender, Peppermint, Rose
Antifungal: Anise, Basil, Cassia, Chamomile, Clove, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Geranium, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Manuka, Marigold, Neroli, Niaouli, Rosalina, Sage, Spruce, Thyme, Ylang ylang
Anti-inflammatory: Amyris, Anise, Angelica, Basil, Birch, Cabreuva, Chamomile, Clary sage, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Everlasting, Galbanum, Khella, Lab. tea, Lavender, Lemon myrtle, Lemongrass, Manuka, Marigold, Marjoram, Neroli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosalina, Rose Rock, Rose, Rosemary, Sage, Spruce, Spikenard, Thyme, Yarrow
Antilithic: Carrot, Lemon, Hops, Geranium, Juniper, Eucalyptus
Antineuralgic: Birch, Coriander, Chamomile, Clove, Everlasting, Geranium, Lavender, Marjoram, Mastic, Nutmeg, Oregano, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Sage, Thuja, Thyme, Wintergreen, Yarrow
Antiparasitic: Anise, Bergamot, Cassia, Clove, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Grapefruit, Spruce, Tarragon
Antipruritic: Carrot, Eng. chamomile, Lavender, Rose, Spike lavender
Antisclerotic: Bay laurel, Cedar, Devil's club, Lemon, Niaouli, Rose, Rosewood, Rosemary, Sage, Tea tree
Antiseptic: Amyris, Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cassia, Cedar, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Geranium, Germ. chamomile, Havozo, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Lemongrass, Manuka, Marigold, Marjoram, Neroli, Niaouli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Rock rose, Sage, Spikenard, Spruce, Thyme, Tea tree,
Antispasmodic: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cardamom, Cedar, Chamomile, Clary sage, Clove, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Frankincense, Galbanum, Havozo, Khella, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Marjoram, Orange, Rosemary
Antisudorific: Clary sage, Cypress, Lemongrass, Sage
Antitoxic: Basil, Chamomile, Devil's club, Everlasting, Fennel, Juniper, Lab. tea, Lemon, Orange, Oregano, Rosalina, Rosemary, Spruce, Thyme, Yarrow
Antitussive: Anise, Basil, Cardamon, Everlasting, Frankincense, Peppermint, Ravensare, Rock rose, Sage, Spruce, Thyme
Antiviral: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cassia, Clove, Cypress, Eng. chamomile, Eucalyptus, Everlasting, Havozo, Hyssop, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lavender, Lime, Manuka, Marjoram, Melissa, Niaouli, Orange, Oregano, Peppermint, Ravensare, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rosemary, Sage, Savory, Tea tree, Thyme, Melissa, Monarda,
Aperitive: Anise, Black pepper, Cinnamon, Coriander, Ginger, Lime, Sage, Tarragon
Aphrodisiac: Ambrette, Cassia, Cinnamon, Clove, Cumin, Galbanum, Manuka, Neroli, Vanilla, Ylang ylang
Astringent: Birch, Cedar, Cypress, Foraha, Galbanum, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lemongrass, Rock rose, Spikenard, Spruce
Balsamic: Cabreuva, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Galbanum, Myrrh, Pine, Rock rose, Spruce
Bronchodilator: Cypress, Lemon myrtle, Manuka, May chang, Rosalina, Thyme
Cardiotonic: Amyris, Basil, Black pepper, Carrot, Cinnamon, Coriander, Everlasting, Havozo, Juniper, Khella, Lavender, Mastic, Neroli, Nutmeg, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosemary, Spike lavender, Ylang ylang
Carminative: Ambrette, Anise, Angelica, Bergamot, Cinnamon, Clary sage, Clove, Coriander, Fennel, Frankincense, Ginger, Havozo, Marjoram, Myrrh, Neroli, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosemary, Thyme, Yarrow
Choleretic: Anise, Fennel, Havozo, Lavender, Lemon, Oregano, Orange, Peppermint, Pine, Rosemary
Cicatrizant: Amyris, Cabreuva, Carrot, Cedar, Everlasting, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Frankincense, Germ. chamomile, Lavender, Lantana, Lemon, Marigold, Myrrh, Oregano, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rose, Rosemary, Styrax, Tea tree, Yarrow
Decongestant: Basil, Cardamon, Cedar, Combava, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Marjoram, Mastic, Niaouli, Oregano, Pine, Rosalina, Rosemary, Spruce, Tea tree, Yarrow
Deodorant: Bergamot, Clary, sage, Cypress, Fir, Lemongrass, Manuka, Myrrh, Patchouli, Rosewood, Styrax, Tea tree, Leleshwa
Digestive: Anise, Angelica, Basil, Bergamot, Cardamon, Cassia, Clary sage, Clove, Eng. chamomile, Fennel, Frankincense, Galbanum, Ginger, Lab. tea, Lemon, Lemon myrtle, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Thyme
Disinfectant: Basil, Birch, Cassia, Chamomile, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Everlasting, Fennel, Geranium, Grapefruit, Havozo, Niaouli, Oregano, Rosemary, Tea tree, Thyme
Diuretic: Ambrette, Anise, Angelica, Birch, Cardamon, Cedar, Eng. chamomile, Fennel, Grapefruit, Juniper, Khella, Lemongrass, Lemon, Lime, Orange, Rock rose, Spruce, Tarragon
Emmenogogue: Angelica, Anise, Carrot, Cassia, Clary sage, Cypress, Frankincense, Germ chamomile, Khella, Lantana, Myrrh, Neroli, Oregano, Rock rose, Rose, Rosemary, Sage, Spikenard, Tansy, Tarragon, Vitex, Ylang ylang
Emollient: Cedar, Everlasting, Foraha, Galbanum, Germ. chamomile, Geranium, Lavender, Manuka, Marigold, Myrrh, Neroli, Orange, Peppermint, Rosalina, Rose, Yarrow
Estrogenic: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Cardamon, Clary sage, Fennel, Havozo, Khella, Lemongrass, Sage, Vitex berry
Expectorant: Angelica, Anise, Cedar, Basil, Birch, Cabreuva, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Frankincense, Havozo, Hyssop, Inula graveoens, Khella, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lemon, myrtle, Manuka, Marjoram, Niaouli, Oregano, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rose, Spruce, Tansy, Yarrow
Febrifuge: Angelica, Basil, Cardamon, Germ. chamomile, Lemon eucalyptus, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lemongrass, Niaouli, Peppermint, Ylang ylang
Hemostatic: Cinnamon, Eucalyptus globulus, Everlasting, Geranium, Lemon, Marigold, Melissa, Rock rose, Yarrow
Hepatic: Angelica, Basil, Carrot, Chamomile, Cypress, Geranium, Khella, Lab. tea, Lantana, Lemon, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Thyme
Hypnotic: Eng. chamomile, Fennel, Lavender, Lemon myrtle, Mandarin, Melissa, Neroli, Orange, Spikenard, Spruce, Valerian
Insecticide: Bay laurel, Birch, Cassia, Cedar, Cinnamon, Clove, Eucalyptus, Lemon myrtle, Niaouli, Patchouli, Sage
Laxative: Anise, Basil, Bergamot, Black pepper, Carrot, Clary sage, Ginger, Marjoram, Lemon, Nutmeg, Orange, Oregano, Rosemary, Spikenard, Tarragon, Yarrow
Nervine: Ambrette, Eng. chamomile, Eucalyptus, Hyssop, Melissa, Neroli, Orange, Patchouli, Peppermint, Tansy
Regenerator: Birch, Carrot, Chamomile, Clary sage, Eucalyptus, Foraha, Geranium, Everlasting, Neroli, Orange, Spikenard
Rejuvenator: Clove, Basil, Cypress, Fennel, Galbanum, Juniper, Lemongrass, Lemon, Neroli, Peppermint, Rosemary
Relaxant: Amyris, Clary sage, Chamomile, Everlasting, Frankincense, Geranium, Khella, Lavender, Neroli, Orange, Rosewood, Rosemary, Sage, Styrax, Spikenard, Vetiver, Ylang ylang
Resolvent: Bergamot, Carrot, Chamomile, Grapefruit, Hyssop, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Mastic, Oregano, Peppermint, Rosemary, Tea tree, Thyme
Sedative: Amyris, Chamomile, Lab. tea, Lavender, Lemon verbena, Mandarin, Patchouli, Spikenard, Valerian, Ylang ylang
Stimulant: Basil, Cassia, Cedar, Clary sage, Cypress, Eng. chamomile, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Lavender, Lemongrass, Lemon myrtle, Orange, Oregano, Patchouli, Peppermint, Rosemary, Sage
Stomachic: Ambrette, Cardamon, Clary sage, Lab. tea, Lemon, Marjoram, Myrrh, Peppermint, Rosemary, Thyme
Sudorific: Cinnamon, Ginger, Hyssop, Oregano, Peppermint, Thyme, Yarrow, Cypress
Tonic: Bergamot, Basil, Cardamon, Carrot, Cypress, Devil's club, Frankincense, Germ. chamomile, Geranium, Havozo, Lemongrass, Myrrh, Neroli, Peppermint, Rosemary, Spruce, Thyme, Vetiver
Tranquilizer: Geranium, Neroli, Marjoram, Patchouli, Spike lavender, Valerian, Vetiver, Ylang ylang
Vermifuge: Bergamot, Cardamon, Clove, Fennel, Lemon eucalyptus, Myrrh, Oregano, Peppermint, Pine, Thyme
Vulnerary: Cabreuva, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Germ. chamomile, Everlasting, Lantana, Lavender, Manuka, Marigold, Myrrh, Rock rose, Rosalina, Rose, Yarrow
Suggestions for oral and internal uses of essential oils are based on my experience as a practicing aromatherapist as well as that of my family, friends, and clients. They are provided in order to offer choices and information for all types of therapeutic essential oil usage.
Internal use of essential oils is a choice that each individual must make for himself or herself. The oils listed for each condition are those that I (or someone I know) have used to remedy that condition, or those which are commonly recommended for the condition by other essential oil experts.
Some conditions are beyond the scope of treatment offered through using essential oils alone. In these cases, essential oil therapy provides a strong compliment to other forms of treatment. Please use common sense and see a health care provider when necessary. Recipes for DiamondHeart blends (marked as DH) are described on page 52.
Dilution rates and proper dosage, as well as essential oil quality and purity, are very important for therapeutic use. If you are not getting good results, chances are you are using low quality oils or too strong of a dilution. With essential oils, please remember that "more" is not "better". Many people tend to think that they need a larger amount of essential oil than they actually do. The best results will come from using well-diluted essential oils for most conditions. Each drop of oil is equivalent to 30 to 75 cups of herbal tea. Many are effective even at a 1,000 to one dilution!
Oral usage, short term: This application is best used for the following conditions:
Dosage: Use 4% dilution in a vegetable oil carrier for gelatin capsules OR 1 to 3 drops essential oil in each capsule. Take 2 to 4 capsules daily for 4 to 7 days.
Possible effects: Always check toxicology information on oils-some are toxic when taken internally. Generally, do not use essential oils over long periods of time at these dosages. (There are some exceptions.)
Oral usage, homeopathic dosage: This application is best used for the following conditions:
Semi-homeopathic dosage, strong level: Blend 1 drop essential oil with 1 oz. distilled or purified water. Formula must be shaken with every dose, as oil and water will separate. Take 1 drop up to 1/2 teaspoonful 2-3 times daily.
Homeopathic dosage: For a stronger energetic action and less physical effect, take 10 drops of semi-homeopathic level dosage above, add it to 1 oz. of water and shake well. Take 10 drops 2-3 times daily. At this dilution level, toxic effects of the oils have been eliminated. They may be used indefinitely without concern of harmful effects. Even oils that normally should not be used internally may usually be used at these dilutions.
Alternative: Add 1 drop essential oil to 16 oz. water. Take 1 tablespoonful 2-3 times daily.
Suppositories, vaginal: This application is best used for the following conditions:
Suppositories, rectal: This application is best used for the following conditions:
Dosage for suppositories: Fill a gelatin capsule with 4% dilution of essential oil in vegetable oil carrier OR add 1-3 drops essential oil to a gelatin capsule with vegetable oil. Insert suppository before going to bed at night. Use for 4 to 10 days as necessary. If you intend to use the oils for longer time periods, check the toxicology information and take a 3-4 day break between treatments. Another alternative for vaginal suppositories is to place several drops of essential oil on a tampon and insert it overnight.
Possible effects: Some very sensitive individuals will experience an internal burning sensation from stronger oils such as thyme, oregano, etc. These oils can be very effective against certain kinds of infection. My advice is to try the less irritating oils at first; lavender, tea tree, naiouli, rosalina, etc. If stronger oils are needed, the individual must decide if they wish to use them knowing that there may be some discomfort when first applied.
Topical application: Use oils alone or with massage for the following conditions:
Apply a compress for the following conditions:
Apply diluted oils to the local area. Cover with a wet cloth and hot water bottle. Cover again with a dry towel and allow the compress to sit for 10 or 20 minutes. (If injury is very recent or has lots of swelling, it is better to use an ice pack in place of heat. For migraines, use cold water.)
Apply a spinal compress for the following conditions:
Drop the diluted oils onto the spine. Lightly spread oils over the whole spine and large muscles of the back. Cover with a warm, wet cloth and hot water bottles or other heat source. Cover again with a dry towel and allow the compress to sit for 10 to 20 minutes. Person receiving the treatment should lie comfortably while oils are working. Remove the compress as it begins to feel cool.
Inhalation Therapy: This application is used for the following conditions:
When using an aromatherapy diffuser, use only pure undiluted oils (Some exceptions apply with very thick oils such as amyris or myrrh which must be diluted with grain alcohol). Inhale oils for 5 minutes three or more times daily.
Alternatively, place a few drops of oil on a cotton ball, hold it up to nostrils and inhale deeply. Store in a Ziploc baggie and potency will remain high for hours to several days. (Or use inhaler blanks).
Sore throats can be treated with a spray of 8 drops cypress or clove blended with 4-6 drops orange, a small amount of raw cane sugar or stevia extract, and 1 oz. water. Spray into the throat and inhale every few minutes until pain goes away.
Also called sweet bay or true bay
Distilled from the leaves of the tree, in Morrocco, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Mediterranean countries.
SAFETY INFORMATION: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: oxide ester alcohol.
USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally during early Greek and Roman cultures. Used in Europe during the middle ages to protect against plague and freshen the air in homes.
PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note
Also called Cardamon
Steam distilled in India, South America from seeds of the plant.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ester oxide.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in Ayurvedic, Roman, and Chinese medicine.
Different oils are produced by steam distillation from the root and seed. Carrot seed oil is the oil most often used for therapeutic effects. Produced in England, France, Germany, Egypt.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Chinese, European, and Native American herbal medicine.
Plant is also called champa, frangipani
Steam distilled from the flowers in India and Madagascar-another essential oil is produced from the leaves.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in India as a temple flower, champaca was also used medicinally in India.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. No known contraindications.
Produced from the nuts of the karite tree
Not an essential oil, golden shea butter is a fatty/waxy total extraction made by boiling and roasting the nuts, then pounding them for hours. The best butter is hand made-ours comes from a small village in Ghana. Most shea butter is made in Europe from imported nuts by hexane extraction, then bleached and deodorized, which yields a whiter and less therapeutic product.
SAFETY: Safe for all applications. Safe for sensitive individuals, babies and pregnant mothers. Consumed as a food by some tribes in Africa.
USAGE: Long history of use in African folk medicine.
Also called lanyana, armoise, and wide-als
Steam distilled in South Africa and France from stems and leaves.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Contains high level of ketones. Must not be taken internally except in homeopathic dosage. Careless over-use could cause convulsions, vomiting, liver damage.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in herbal medicines of South Africa and Tanzania.
Produced in Europe, USA, Ecuador
SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after applying to skin. Classified as a sesquiterpinol.
USAGE HISTORY: Long established as an essential oil in Chinese, Ayurvedic, ancient Persian, western folk medicine.
PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
Also called West Indian sandalwood, falsely sold as sandalwood, it is the base for most "sandalwood" on the market today. Produced in West Indies, Haiti, Venezuela, Australia, Cuba, from wood chips of the tree.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy or with small children. Contact sensitivity may occur with very sensitive individuals. Classified as sesquiterpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively to extend or impersonate true sandalwood oil, which is now an endangered species. Also used by the cosmetic industry as a fixative. Fairly new to aromatic medicine.
PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative
Different oils are produced from the root and seed. Steam distilled in England, France, Europe.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic, avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after application. Classified as monoterpene, contains small amount od furocoumarin.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, or with small children. Avoid with breast cancer. Classified as phenol ether. Contains furocoumarin.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage as a medicinal plant or oil in Egyptian, Roman, Greek, European, Aztec, and Native American herbal medicine.
PERFUME NOTE: Top/heart note
Another cedar oil is produced in India (Cedrus deodara)
Steam distilled in Atlas mountains of Morocco. Other cedar oils are produced in the Himalayas, Canada.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Contains small amount of ketones. Classified as sesquiterpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Long established as an aromatic oil in ancient Egypt, Africa and the Middle East, Europe.
Different oils are steam distilled from different varieties of the plant-there are over 100. Basil is produced in England, France, Europe, India, Northern Africa. "Holy basil" is produced in India, "Exotic basil" is produced in Comoro.
SAFETY: Very low ketone content. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with very small children. Classified as phenol methyl-ether.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Chinese, European, Arabic, ancient Egyptian, and Hindu herbal medicine. Possibly one of the oldest aromatics still in use today.
PERFUME NOTE: Top note
Expressed from the peel of the fruit, in Italy and Ivory Coast.
SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after application. No other toxic effects at normal dosage. Chemical class: monoterpene, ester
USAGE HISTORY: Established Italian and European folk medicine, widely used in the flavor and fragrance industry
Different oils are produced from various birch species in Canada, Europe, USA. Often adulterated with methyl salicylate.
SAFETY: May be moderately toxic, use in low dosages. May be irritating to skin in sensitive individuals. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Chemical class: ester, 90% methyl salicylate.
USAGE HISTORY: Long used medicinally in Native American, Russian, and European folk medicine.
Same species produces petitgrain from the leaves, neroli from the flower, bitter orange from the peel of the fruit. Produced in Italy, Asia, China through cold expression, is often redistilled for the fragrance industry.
SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ester monoterpene alcohol. Contains coumarin, furocoumarin.
USAGE HISTORY: Chinese, Ayuervedic, and European traditional medicines
Produced in India, Indonesia, and Madagascar, steam distilled from the fruits (berries).
USAGE HISTORY: Has been used as a medicinal herb and spice for thousands of years. Used by ancient Roman, Indian, Greek and European medicines. Some texts refer to ancient Egyptian usage.
SAFETY: Possible skin irritation in very sensitive individuals. Chemical class: sesquiterpene phenol ether.
PERFUME NOTE: Heart or top note
Produced by cold expression from the seeds, in Turkey, Africa, and Mediterranean countries. Part essential oil, part fatty oil (carrier oil), it can be used neat or diluted.
SAFETY: Used in Middle Eastern countries as a food or nutritive oil, black seed is safe for all applications. Avoid during pregnancy, the oil is useful during lactation to increase milk production.
USAGE HISTORY: Discovered in King Tut's tomb, earliest written reference is from biblical texts. Used in ancient Egypt and Syria, by Greek physicians, early Muslim, Arab, and Chinese herbalists. Known as "habbatul barakah", the seed of blessing in Arabic, it is used as a remedy for almost any condition known.
PERFUME NOTE: Heart or base note, musky tone
Produced through steam distillation of the leaves. The oil is produced in the Northern Territory of Australia, north of Darwin.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Chemical class:
USAGE HISTORY: Very new oil to the aromatherapy market, the tree has been used medicinally by the Tiwi people of Australian for thousands of years. Voted the fragrance of the new millenium, it was also the official fragrance of the 2000 Olympic games.
PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative (Woody, smoky tones with a licorice undertone)
Blends well with tangy, citrus, minty, or flowery notes
Steam distilled from the wood in South America, South Africa. Related to Tolu and Peru Balsam.
SAFETY: Non-toxic, considered safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: alcohol.
USAGE HISTORY: New oil to aromatic medicine.
Steam distilled in Japan from the wood of the tree.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with children, use with caution-contains high ketones. Chemical class: alcohol.
USAGE HISTORY: Once considered more valuable than its weight in gold, camphor has been used in Chinese medicine over 2000 years, also used in Ayervedic medicine.
Steam distilled in South Africa and Madagascar from the stems and leaves of the shrub.
SAFETY: Avoid with small children, during pregnancy and lactation.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in African herbal medicine, especially Hottentot and Sotho tribes.
Steam distilled in South Africa from the leaves of the shrub, native to the Cape of Good Hope area.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation. Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ester.
USAGE HISTORY: Used by native peoples of the mountains of South Africa.
Also known as Chinese cinnamon, cassia is produced from leaves and twigs in China and Asia.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. May cause sensitization or skin reaction in sensitive individuals. Contains moderate ketone quantity. Avoid with asthmatics. Chemical class: aldehyde. Contains phenol.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Greek, Roman, and Chinese aromatic medicine. Used as a spice for cooking in Roman and Greek cultures.
PERFUME NOTE: Heart note
Produced from the flowers. The steam distillation process produces azulene, which gives the oil a blue color. Hypercritical CO2 extraction produces a green waxy oil. Produced in Germany, Europe, Asia.
SAFETY: Non-irritant, non-sensitizing, non-allergenic. Appears safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: sesquiterpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European herbal medicine.
Steam distilled in England, Europe, all over the world.
SAFETY: No known contraindications. Considered safe at normal dosage.
Chemical class: esters, lactone
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European, Greek, Roman, and Egyptian herbal medicine.
Native to Asia, cinnamon bark oil and leaf oil are steam distilled in Viet Nam (C. loureirii) and Sri Lanka (C. zeylanicum and C. verum); other Cinnamomum species oils are produced including camphor and cassia-they are very different oils and are seperately listed. Bark oils are often stronger than leaf oils and possibly more sensitizing or irritating to sensitive skin.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. May be sensitizing, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Use well diluted, short term/infrequent application to avoid sensitization reaction. Chemical class: aldehyde. Contains coumarin.
USAGE HISTORY: Ancient Chinese writings include cinnamon as a medicinal dating back 2700 years. It was used by the ancient Egyptians in mummification processes, and medicinally by Chinese, Asian, Greek, Roman, European, and Egyptian herbal medicines.
PERFUME NOTE: Base or heart note
Steam distilled from flowering tops of the plant in China, Indonesia, Russia, Europe.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Avoid driving or any activity that requires full concentration while using, large doses are very sedative. Estrogen-like action, avoid with estrogen dependant conditions such as endometriosis, breast or uterine cancer. Chemical class: esters
USAGE HISTORY: European herbal medicine use began around 1500.
Different oils are produced from clove leaves, buds and stems. Produced in China, Madagascar.
SAFETY: Skin irritant-must be diluted. Clove bud is less irritating than seed oil. May be sensitizing. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. chemical class: phenol, ester
USAGE HISTORY: Long established as an essential oil in Chinese, Ayurvedic, ancient Persian, and western folk medicine.
Produced by CO2 extraction from the roasted bean. Produced in Germany, France, India, Africa.
SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, and with small children.
USAGE HISTORY: A very new oil to the aromatherapy market, coffee has been used as an herbal drink and medicine by cultures in South and Centro-America, Middle East, Turkey, Arabia
Produced in Comoros, Madagascar through cold expression of the peel of the fruit.
SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours after application. Appears safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: terpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Originally produced for the flavor and fragrance trade, the oil is fairly new to the aromatherapy market.
Seperate oils are produced from the seed (usually called coriander) and from the leaf or whole plant (usually called cilantro). Steam distilled in many countries including Hungary, Poland, Czeckoslovakia, Rumania, Morocco, India, France, Egypt. Also available as a CO2 extract.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Estrogen-like action, avoid with breast cancer and estrogen dependant condtitions. Chemical class: aldehyde
USAGE HISTORY: In use as a medicinal substance for more than 5,000 years, it has been used by ancient Roman, Greek, Egyptian, Chinese, Ayurvedic, and European medicines. Listed in the United States Pharmacopoeia in the 1820's to the early 20th century.
Oil is steam distilled or CO2 extracted from the seeds of the plant. Native to the Mediterranean, it is produced in France, India, Sudan, and other Mediterranean countries.
SAFETY: Photo-toxic, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: aldehyde monoterpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Ancient Egyptian as well as Greek and Roman medicines, used as a spice and medicinal herb in Ayurvedic, Arab, and Asian cultures.
PERFUME NOTE: Classified as top note by some, fixative by others
Steam distilled in France and throughout the Mediterranean, from leaves and twigs of the tree.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Some recommend avoiding with estrogen dependant conditions. Chemical class: monoterpene, contains slight ketone content.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in Egyptian, Greek, and Roman traditional medicines.
A similar species, Inula helenium, produces a different oil called elecampane oil.
Steam distilled in Corsica from the whole flowering plant. At this time I know of no other sources.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: ester sesquiterpene lactone.
Produced in Madagascar, the plant is native to the USA. Steam distilled from leaves of the shrub-flowers and berries are poisonous.
SAFETY: Contains moderate amount of ketones. Safe for moderate use only. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Do not use over long time periods. Chemical class: ketone.
USAGE HISTORY: New oil to the aromatherapy market.
Very new to the aromatherapy market, little information is currently available on this oil.
Produced in Australia.
SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Possible sensitization with prolonged use.
USAGE HISTORY: New to aromatherapy. Data is inferred from other oils from Myrtaceae family.
Also known as Alaska Ginseng
Steam distilled from wild root bark collected in various locations outside of Anchorage. DiamondHeart is the only producer of this oil that I know about.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy or lactation or with small children. Potency is extremely high, use highly diluted formula. Hydrosol may be best for internal use.
USAGE HISTORY: Used by Athabaskan, Aleut, Tlingket-Haida, and other native Alaskan peoples for medical and spiritual purposes. Properties are inferred from herbal uses.
Essential oils are produced from the seed, or the whole plant. Steam distilled in Asia, Europe, and North America.
SAFETY: Possible photo-toxicity, avoid direct sunlight or UV light exposure within 24 hours of application. Chemical class: monoterpene, ketone.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in ancient Greece, Egypt, and India as a medicinal plant. Established usage in European and western folk medicine.
Internal-oral; topical; inhalation
Useful just before birth and during lactation to increase milk production (Rub on chest daily for a week before due date)
Prevents gas formation in intestines, prevents fermentation and aids digestion (Carminative, aperitive, digestive, galactogogue)
Increases perspiration, useful for cleansing and breaking a fever (Diaphoretic)
Sweetens breath, has laxative properties
Calming and relaxing, promotes sleep
Eases colic in babies
Aids hypertension-balancing to blood pressure
Antispasmodic, relieves pain and muscular cramps
Systems: Digestive, cardio-vascular, genito-urinary, nervous
Cooling and calming
Clears stagnant energy from the solar plexus and navel chakras
Provides a protective energy during sleep/journeying in other worlds, helpful for hypnosis and astral travel
Chakra: Solar plexus, navel, throat
Helps eliminate procrastination and prepare to take action in the physical world
Lemon eucalyptus
Steam distilled from leaves of the tree in Madagascar, Brazil, Australia.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, with small children. Chemical class: aldehyde, alcohol.
aka Peppermint eucalyptus
Steam distilled in Australia from the leaves and small twigs of the tree.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: oxide.
USAGE HISTORY: Australian folk medicine, and European medicine, as well as many other cultures. Was used to sterilize catheters in 19th century British hospitals.
Steam distilled in South Africa from leaves and twigs.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Appears non-toxic at normal dosage. Chemical class: ketone oxide.
Steam distilled from leaves in Australia, China. Spain, France, Madagascar. This oil is often rectified or synthetically produced.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Possible phototoxicity-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source for several hours after applying oil to skin. Contains ketones, avoid with liver degeneration or siezures.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in local folk medicine (Australia). Used in 1800's by British hospitals to sterilize surgical equipment. The Koala bear eats the leaves of this tree as its only food.
Steam distilled from leaves in Australia, France. The original name was changed to Eucalyptus fruticetorum, but it is most often still sold as E. polybractea.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Contains low ketones. Less irritating to skin than other eucalyptuses. Chemical class: oxide.
Oil is steam distilled from the seeds of the plant in Germany, Spain.
SAFETY: Contains low levels of ketones. Avoid during pregnancy, or with small children. Lowers thyroid production-do not use with hypo-thyroid conditions. Avoid with tumours. Chemical class: phenyl ether. Slight ketone content.
USAGE HISTORY: Long established as a medicinal herb in Chinese, Hindu, Roman, and Greek medicines.
PERFUME NOTE: Top to middle note
Including fir balsam (Abies balsamifera), silver fir (Abies alba), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Siberian fir (Abies siberica)
Distilled from the needles of the tree, in Canada, Russia, USA, and Europe. There are around 40 species of fir tree.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: monoterpene, ester.
USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively in Native American herbal medicine.
Also known as Calophyllum or tananu (Calophyllum inophyllum)
Available cold pressed and as a CO2 extract. It is a heavier oil with waxes that appears to be somewhere between an essential oil and a carrier oil. It is produced from the kernel of the fruit in Tahiti (called Tamanu) and Madagascar (called Foraha)
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: contains esters, terpenes, amino acids, fatty acids, and other constituents.
USAGE HISTORY: Traditionally used as a skin care and hair preparation, additionally recognized as a digestive in local folk medicine.
PERFUME NOTE: Heart note or base note
Also called olibanum (Boswellia carterii, B. thurifera)
Steam distilled in Somalia, Oman, Northern Africa, from the tree bark and exudate (resin).
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: sesquiterpene, monoterpene, diterpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Established as a valuable plant medicine since ancient Egyptian times, over 5,000 years ago. Used in European, Chinese, and Middle Eastern medicines as well.
PERFUME NOTE: Heart or base note/fixative
Steam distilled from the bark in the Mediterranean region, including Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, Lebanon
SAFETY: May cause skin reaction in some sensitive individuals. Chemical class: terpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Mentioned in the Holy Bible as one of the ingredients in "Holy Ointment". It was used in Egyptian, Greek and Roman medicine. This oil may be one of the oldest plant medicines still in use today.
Over 700 varieties of geranium are known. Steam distilled from the leaves in France, Reunion, Egypt, many other countries-especially in Africa.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: alcohol, ester, very slight ketone content for some species.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in many cultures, including Native American, European, and Chinese herbal medicine.
Distilled from the rhizome (shallow root) of the plant, in West Indies, China, Viet Nam, Asia.
SAFETY: May be phototoxic-avoid direct exposure to sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Chemical class: monoterpenes, sesquiterpene, alcohol.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in African, Ayurvedic, Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and European medicine extensively for thousands of years.
Steam distilled from the flower of the plant in Canada, USA.
SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Possible skin reaction in very sensitive individuals, possibility of allergic reaction in highly allergic individuals. Chemical class: monoterpene sesquiterpene ester.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in Native American medicine and as folk remedy for early European settlers in America. Also used in European and Chinese herbal medicines.
...and WHITE GRAPEFRUIT (Citrus racemosa)
Produced in Italy, South Africa, West Indies, Sudan by cold expression, from the peel of the fruits.
The grapefruit is a stabilized hybrid of sweet orange and pommelo. It first appeared in the West Indies in the 19th century.
SAFETY: Photo-toxic, avoid direct exposure to sun within 24 hours of application. Chemical class: terpene, contains coumarin and furocoumarin.
...and RAVENSARE (Ravensare aromatica)
There are 18 different species of ravensare tree. Produced by steam distillation in Madagascar.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: ether, oxide alcohol.
USAGE HISTORY: Established as an essentiol oil in native and western folk medicine, European aromatic medicine.
Also known as everlasting or immortelle (Helichrysum italicum, other Helichrysum species are sometimes distilled as well)
Produced in France, Spain, Yugoslavia, eastern Europe, from flowers by steam distillation
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Chemical class: terpene, monoterpene ester.
USAGE HISTORY: Used as an herbal remedy in Europe, oil is fairly new to aromatherapy. Now used extensively in aromatic medicine.
PERFUME NOTE: Heart or base note
Produced from the flowers, leaves and stems of the plant. H. officianalis var. decumbens is the only variety that is ketone free. Produced in France, England, Yugoslavia, Italy, Hungary, eastern Europe.
SAFETY: Avoid with high blood pressure, during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Decumbens variety contains no ketones, other species contain moderate ketone content. Chemical class: oxide, ketone.
USAGE HISTORY: Mentioned in the Bible as an ingredient in "Holy Oil", hyssop has been used since antiquity. Used by Roman and Greek medicines, European and Egyptian herbal medicines.
Also called White Cypress (Callitris glaucophylla)
Steam distilled from the leaves in Australia.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. No chemical analysis available at this time.
USAGE HISTORY: New oil to the aromatherapy market. According to Aboriginal herbal medicine, it is used as a fumigant to treat colds and sores.
PERFUME NOTE: Base note (Spicy woody aroma)
Steam distilled in France, Yugoslavia, Italy. Oil is also produced from juniper branches, which contains more toxic constituents. Only juniper berry oil is suitable for aromatherapy use.
SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, young children. Avoid prolonged use, which could strain kidneys. Chemical class: sesquiterpene monoterpene.
USAGE HISTORY: Used as an herbal remedy in Europe, North America, Asia.
Steam distilled from seeds in Morocco and Egypt.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source for 24 hours after application. Avoid with blood thinning drugs (warfarin or coumarin). Chemical class: monoterpene coumarin.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Middle Eastern medicine.
Also known as Greenland moss (Ledum groenlandicum, L. latifolium)
Oil is produced from the leaves of the plant, in Canada and USA.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application to skin. May be extremely sedative to some people, do not use when driving or when alertness is needed. Chemical class: terpene. Contains slight amount of ketone.
USAGE HISTORY: Although new to the aromatic medicine market, the herb has long been used as a tea by Canadian and Alaskan Native peoples.
Also called Tamarack (Larix laricina, L. decidua, L. europaea)
Steam distilled in France, Europe, and Canada from the needles.
SAFETY: Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Chemical class: terpene.
USAGE HISTORY: No known historical use, larch is a new oil to the aromatherapy market.
Steam distilled from the flower in France (world's finest comes from Provence), England, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Croatia, New Zealand, in smaller quantities all over the world. Possibly the most adulterated and misrepresented oil on the market.
SAFETY: When using true lavender oil, safe at normal dosage. Photosensitization can occur with chemically altered oils. Do not use with coumadin or blood thinning drugs. Alcohol ester classification.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European aromatic medicine.
Also called Mkalambati in Swahili, known to the Maasai as leleshwa
Steam distilled in Kenya from the flowers and leaves of the shrub.
SAFETY: Very rare, new to the aromatherapy market. Appears safe at normal, dosage. Avoid during pregnancy and lactation until established and usage information suggests otherwise.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in African herbal medicine. Also used by animals-rhinocerous and cape buffalo have been observed crushing the leaves of the tree onto their skin as an insect repellant to keep free from ticks and tse-tse flies.
Oil is pressed from the peel of the fruit. Produced in Italy, Argentina, USA.
SAFETY: Photo-toxic, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application to skin. May be irritating to skin in very sensitive individuals. Classification: monoterpene, contains coumarin and furocoumarin.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Greek and European aromatic medicine.
Steam distilled from the whole plant in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, West Indies, Madagascar, India, Guatemala, Brazil.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. May cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Aldehyde classification.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in India, Thailand, and parts of Asia in aromatic medicine.
Steam distilled from the leaves in England, France, China, and USA. China and USA produce mainly for the fragrance industry.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with children under 5. Classification: alcohol ketone .
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European herbal medicine since the 1600's.
Available from green peels, red peels or yellow peels. Also called tangerine in the USA.
Produced by cold expression of the fruit peels, oil can also be produced from the leaves (called mandarin petitgrain), in Italy. Oils produced in the USA are generally produced for the flavor and fragrance trade. I have occasionally seen it produced in China and several other locations as well.
SAFETY: Phototoxic-avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Classification: aldehyde, contains coumarin and furocoumarin.
USAGE HISTORY: Fairly new oil to the aromatherapy market, this oil was originally produced for the perfume industry.
Also called New Zealand Tea tree (Leptospermum scoparium, L. petersonnii)
Produced from the leaves and branches in New Zealand and Australia, by steam distillation.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Classification: aldehyde.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage by Maori people of New Zealand.
Produced from the flowers in Europe, England, France, and Africa.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage.
USAGE HISTORY: Traditional usage in Incan, Arab, European, and Centro-American herbal medicine.
Also called wild or Spanish marjoram (Thymus mastichina) or Sweet Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
Sometimes marketed as oregano or thyme. Produced from flowering tops and leaves of the plant, in Spain.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Alcohol terpene classification.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and European aromatic medicine.
Produced from the fruit or berries of the tree by steam distillation in China, India, Chile.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: aldehyde
USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively in Chinese medicine.
Also known as balm, lemon balm
Steam distilled from the leaves and flowering tops of the plant. Melissa yields very tiny quantities of oil, it is mostly diluted with other lemon-scented oils and sold as "true melissa oil". Produced in France, Europe, the Mediterranean countries. CO2 extracts are sometimes available, in my opinion they are much more likely to be therapeutic quality.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: aldehyde, sesquiterpene
USAGE HISTORY: Used throughout Europe during the middle ages, also used in Greek, Egyptian, Arab herbal medicines.
Produced in Africa, Middle East, and Asia from the resin of the tree by steam distillation.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. May cause irritation in very sensitive individuals.
Classification: sesquiterpene
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Arabic medicine.
A cineole chemotype is called red myrtle, and a linalool chemotype is called green myrtle.
Produced in Corsica (green myrtle) and Morocco (red myrtle), also produced in Spain, Yugoslavia, France, Tunisia. Steam distilled from the leaves, branches, and flowers of the tree.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Classification: oxide, ester
Oil is steam distilled from the bitter orange flower in Italy, Morocco, Tunisia, Ethiopia. Often adulterated with petitgrain oil, produced from the leaves of the same tree, but much less expensive.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Monoterpene alcohol classification.
USAGE HISTORY: Has been used in Europe as an essential oil since the middle ages.
PERFUME NOTE: Top note, possible heart note
Produced in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia from the leaves and twigs of the tree, by steam distillation.
SAFETY: Safe in normal dosage. Classification: alcohol
USAGE HISTORY: New to the aromatherapy market. Another variety of the same species, Melaleuca quinquenervia viridiflora (Niaouli) has been used extensively in modern aromatherapy. All are relatives of the tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia), well known as a universal healing oil worldwide, used by Australian Aboriginal herbal medicine for generations.
PERFUME NOTE: Top or heart note (Contains nerolidol and linalol which gives it a clean woody aroma with a lilac-like floral top note)
Also known as MQV (Melaleuca quinquenervia viridiflora)
Steam distilled in Madagascar, Australia. Very commonly adulterated with chemical constituents.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: monosesquiterpenol, oxide
USAGE HISTORY: Established as a therapeutic oil in Australia, Western and European medicine.
Steam distilled from the seeds in Indonesia, Sri Lanka.
SAFETY: Can be toxic in high or prolonged doses. Possible skin irritant in sensitive individuals. Classification: monoterpene, phenol ether
USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally in Indian and Arabian medicine.
TEMPLE ORANGE (Citrus reticulata), TANGELO (Citrus tangelo), BITTER ORANGE (Citrus aurantium)
Tangelo is a cross between grapefruit and tangerine. Temple orange is a cross between orange and tangerine. All are pressed from the peel of the fruit. Produced in Italy, Morocco, Guinea, Tunisia, Sicily, Mexico, Brazil, USA.
SAFETY: Possible skin irritant in sensitive individuals. Photo-toxic, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or UV light source within 24 hours of application. Classification: monoterpene, alcohol, contains coumarin and furocoumarin
USAGE HISTORY: Orange has a history of medicinal use in Chinese medicine.
Steam distilled from the whole flowering plant, in Spain, France, Egypt, Morocco.
SAFETY: Possible skin irritant, high in phenols. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with young children. Classification: phenol
USAGE HISTORY: Used by Greek and Roman physicians, and during the Middle Ages in Europe.
PERFUME NOTE: Base note
Also called Rosha or Rusha (Cymbopogon martinii, anthropogon martinii)
Produced from the leaves of the grass, in Nepal, Asia and Brazil. Steam distilled, it is commonly used to adulterate rose oil.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: alcohol, ester
USAGE HISTORY: Greatly used in the cosmetic and fragrance industries, it has more recently become a popular aromatherapy oil. The grass is native to Asia.
Steam distilled from the leaves and flowers in Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, China, Brazil, throughout Indonesia.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Very persistant strong odor, may not be suitable for the aromatically sensitive. Classification: sesquiterpene, alcohol
USAGE HISTORY: Used in aromatic medicine of Phillippines, ancient Arab medicine.
PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative (Very strong fixative)
Also called Black balsam or Indian balsam (Myroxylon pereirae, Myrospermum pereirae, Toluifera pereirae)
The essential oil is distilled from the fruits or bark of the tree, produced in Venezuela, El Salvador, and parts of Central America. It is called Peru balsam because it was historically shipped to Europe from Peruvian ports.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Sensitization and skin irritation can occur with crude balsam extracts or poor quality oils. Use with care on skin sensitive individuals. Classification: ester
USAGE HISTORY: Used in Chinese and Centro-American medicine, brought to Germany as a medicinal in the 17th century.
PERFUME NOTE: Base, useful fixative for oriental type perfumes
Distilled from the leaves of the bitter orange, it is produced in Italy and many countries in Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: ester, alcohol, monoterpene
USAGE HISTORY: Developed for the fragrance industry, it is a fairly new oil to aromatherapy market.
Other pine species are produced, including turpentine (Pinus palustris). Over 90 species of pine exist. Oil is steam distilled all over the world from the needles and small branches. The root and wood chips are distilled to produce an inferior oil, other products are solvent extracted including gum turpentine. Distilled pine resin may be the source of oils marketed as "amber oil". Other pine species are also distilled. Pine tar is a kiln-produced resinous exudate of pure pine gum.
SAFETY: Avoid with allergenic conditions, avoid with prostate cancer. May be sensitizing to skin sensitive individuals. Oils that undergo oxidation are likely to contain more sensitizing and skin irritating ingredients. Therefore it is important to store pine oil under refrigeration and in darkness. Classification: monoterpene
USAGE HISTORY: Used since pre-historic times by Native American herbal medicine, European folk medicine.
Steam distilled from leaves of the tree. (Another grade of oil is produced from the stems). 18
different species of this tree exist in Madagascar. Cinnamomum camphora is commonly distilled
and sold as true ravensare, but its medicinal properties are much less refined. It is sometimes
sold as ravintsara as well. True ravensare that is unadulterated is rare.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Very low toxicity and high skin tolerance. Avoid using with
infants and very young children.
USAGE HISTORY: Very long medicinal usage in Madagascar, among native peoples.
Ravensare leaves, fruits, and seeds are all used, along with bark which is used to make rum.
• Topical; inhalation; internal--oral, suppository.
• Used extensively as a topical oil for treating wounds and infections. Can be applied neat
like lavender to wounds, cuts, and abrasions. It produces dramatic results when used as
a treatment for herpes zona (shingles), and may also be useful for cold sores and other
herpes outbreaks. Combine with callophyllum inophyllum (Foraha) for this purpose.
• Inhaled or applied topically to chest, it is effective for colds, viral and bacterial infections,
bronchitis, sinusitus, rhinopharyngitis, and all respiratory infections or allergies. Helps
relieve upper respiratory congestion.
• Helpful for muscular pain and neuralgia. Relieves the pain of rheumatoid arthritis, and
any kind of muscular or joint pain. Combines well with thyme--linalool chemotype for
this purpose.
• Helps move lymphatic congestion and detoxify the lymphatic system; especially after
colds and flu
• It has been used to regenerate from immune suppressive conditions such as
mononucleosis, Epstein Barr syndrome, influenza, chicken pox, typhus, glandular
infections, and AIDS.
• Eases digestion and helps to stimulate the gall bladder; useful when recovering from
• Stimulates easy urine flow; with continued use, it can eliminate genital herpes outbreaks.
• As a spinal application, it can relieve anxiety and stress related disorders.
Makes a great massage oil, helping to unwind neuromuscular patterns and pain.
PERFUME NOTE: Top and heart notes
Relieves nervous fatigue; relaxes mind and body, aids insomnia
Relieves fear and severe depression; helps one realize their potential and increase the desire for
Also called cistus or labdanum (Cistus ladaniferus, C. viscuosa, C. ladanosma)
Steam distilled in Spain and the Middle East, from leaves and branches, gum, or resin.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: Monoterpene, alcohol
USAGE HISTORY: Used extensively in the fragrance industry as a fixative for expensive perfumes.
Produced from leaves in Australia.
USAGE HISTORY: New oil to the aromatherapy market. Similar properties to tea tree oil. Classification: alcohol
Produced from the seeds and rose hips, native to the Mediterranean. Available as a cold pressed oil or CO2 extract, this carrier type oil has a distinctive reddish color. Typically it has a short shelf life and should be stored under refrigeration for long periods.
USAGE: Use as a carrier oil for skin rejuvenation. Blend with essential oils and other carriers.
Rose hip is beautifying, restoring tone and vitality to aging or devitalized skin
Moisturizing, reduces wrinkles
Reduces spider veins, scarring-both old and new, and discoloration
Blend with helichrysum and jojoba or fractionated coconut for a nightly facial treatment
Rose hip seed oil has a very short shelf life. For optimal use, store it in the refrigerator
Also known as rose damask (Rosa damascena)
Steam distilled from flowers in Bulgaria and Turkey. An absolute is produced in Egypt and Morocco by the same name.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage if using steam distilled oil. Absolutes may produce reactions and sensitization and should not be used therapeutically. Classification: alcohol
USAGE HISTORY: Used throughout history in aromatic medicine by many cultures, including Persia, India, Rome, Greece, Egypt, England, Arab and Native American.
Different oils are produced from the same species depending on where and how they are grown. Chemotypes include camphor (from Spain), Cineole (from France and Tunisia), verbenon (Corsica). Small amounts are produced in England and other European countries. Steam distilled from flowers and leaves.
SAFETY: Rosmarinus officianalis CT-cineole is safe for pregnancy in low dilution. Avoid other chemotypes during pregnancy. Contains low ketones. Classification: ketone (ct-cineole classification: oxide)
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in ancient cultures, including Greek, Roman, Arabian, and Egyptian cultures. A valued cure and preventative for plague during the Middle Ages in Europe.
Sometimes called Bois de Rose
Steam distilled in Brazil from bark of the tree. This plant is an endangered species, trees must be 40 years old to produce oil, and sustainable sources are said to be rare. Much of the oil found on the market is a blend of geranium and palmarosa with sandalwood. (Also grows in West Indies and India.)
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: monoterpene alcohol
USAGE HISTORY: An oil developed for the fragrance industry, all of the aromatherapy uses are fairly new. Plant used by Amazon peoples for its powerful skin rejuvenating properties.
Steam distilled essential oil from the whole plant, produced in France, Spain, Mediterranean countries.
SAFETY: Use with caution, avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with children. May cause skin irritation and photosensitization, use only well diluted. Higher ketone content-do not use if high ketone levels are contraindicated. Use only for short duration and in low doses. Wait until you have experience with essential oil usage before using this oil.
USAGE HISTORY: Ancient Greek and Roman herbal medicines used it extensively, a recgnized cure for over 80 conditions. Also used in European and Native American herbal medicines.
AND SPANISH SAGE (Salvia lavandifolia)
Many varieties of sage exist. Produced from leaves in Spain, France, Italy, Yugoslavia.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Contains low ketone content. Avoid with breast cancer and estrogen dependant conditions. Classification: diterpene, ketone, oxide, varies with species
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in ancient cultures around the world, including Egypt, Rome, Greece, India, North and Centro-America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Steam distilled in western Australia from the wood of the tree, trees must be 30 years old before they will produce oil. The best oils come from trees between 40 and 60 years old. These are plantation grown and harvested sustainably, as opposed to the East Indian sandalwood known as Mysore (Santalum album) which is now an endangered species.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: sesquiterene
USAGE HISTORY: Similar in composition to East Indian sandalwood, which has been used for thousands of years by Indian and Asian culture for perfumery, cosmetics, ceremonies and rituals, medicine, and incense.
PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative (Distinctive sandalwood aroma with a dry, bitter top note)
Also called mountain or winter savory (Sataureja montana), summer or garden savory (Sataureja hortensis)
Other savory species produce a similar oil, including Calamintha montana, C. hortensis, Sataureja obovata. Most is steam distilled in France, from the whole plant.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy and lactation or with children. Contains ketones, may be hepato-toxic with extensive use. Use low doses for short duration. May be irritating to skin of sensitive individuals, dilute well. Classification: phenol, terpene
USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally by ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks, and throughout Europe since middle ages.
Produced in the USA, Morocco, North Africa and European Mediterranean countries, steam distilled from the leaves and flowering tops.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Considered safe for children, dilute to <1%. Reduces milk production in lactating mothers. Classification: ketone monoterpene
USAGE HISTORY: Used by ancient Egyptian, Greek, Roman physicians, And in Europe during the middle ages. Also used by Native American herbal medicine.
Steam distilled in Mediterranean countries, including France, Portugal, Spain, and Italy.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Do not take with blood thinning drugs. Classification: alcohol, ketone, oxide
USAGE HISTORY: Used in the Mediterranean by various cultures, this oil is referred to in ancient Egyptian texts.
Steam distilled from the root of the plant in India, Nepal, Tibet, and Asia.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Classification: sesquiterpene, sesquiterpenone
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in Ayurvedic, Roman, Asian aromatic medicine. Mentioned in Holy Bible, found in ancient Egyptian tombs.
... and BLACK SPRUCE (Picea mariana)
Produced by steam distillation in Canada. Other varieties may be available from Austria.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Monoterpene ester classification.
USAGE HISTORY: Established usage in European and Native American medicine.
(Many species-over 400 exist worldwide)
Produced in Germany, France, Europe and Asia. Steam distilled from the flower of the plant-rare and costly since only a small amount of oil is produced. More often available as an infused oil or CO2 extract.
SAFETY: Possible sensitization and phototoxicity-do not use within 24 hours of direct sun or UV light exposure.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in Asian and African cultures since pre-historic times. European herbal medicine usage since the Middle ages.
Also called storax, sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua, L. orientalis, Balsam styracis)
Produced from the gum or resin of the tree by steam distillation in Honduras, Guatemala, Asia. Absolutes are also produced from the same species.
SAFETY: This oil is generally regarded as safe at normal dosage. (Approved by FDA as a food additive.) It does have a very mild ketone content, but is generally regarded as safe for children and sensitive individuals. Classification: alcohol, ester
USAGE HISTORY: Used by native American medicine and early American pioneers, ancient Egyptian and Asian cultures. Referred to in biblical texts as "Balm of Gilead", several other substances were also referred to by the same name.
Produced in France, Spain, Morocco from the leaves of the plant. Steam distillation produces azulene which gives the oil a blue color. Often mislabeled or marketed as "wild", "blue", or "Moroccan" chamomile, it is not a chamomile and should not be used in place of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Similar species, Tanacetum vulgare or Chrysanthemum vulgare, are also distilled and marketed as Common tansy-these oils are more toxic and should not be used for aromatherapy.
SAFETY: Avoid use during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Based on oil chemistry, appears safe at normal dosage even for pregnancy, many sources recommend avoiding it-probably based on mislabeling of common tansy.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in ancient Egyptian and Mediterranean cultures' herbology.
Also called French tarragon or estragon.
Steam distilled from the whole plant in France, eastern Europe, Africa.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Phototoxic-avoid direct sun or UV light exposure within 24 hours of application to skin. Use in small amounts due extreme potency of this oil. Classification: ether, contains coumarin
USAGE HISTORY: Used by European herbalists since the Middle ages. Also used in Russian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Native American medicine.
The oil is steam distilled from the leaves and branches of the tree, over 100 different varieties of melaleuca exist. Oil is produced in Australia.
USAGE HISTORY: Used during World War II as a disinfectant and wound treatment. Used in Australian folk medicine.
Also called white cedar
Produced from leaves and branches by steam distillation in China, Canada, USA. A different oil is also produced from heartwood of the red cedar (Thuja plicata), also marketed as "thuja".
SAFETY: High ketone content. Avoid use if other oils will work. Avoid internal use, use with sensitive individuals, during pregnancy or lactation, with children, and observe all high ketone contraindications. Classification: ketone
USAGE HISTORY: Native American medicinal herb.
Also called Red Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and White thyme (Thymus zygis)
A number of different chemotypes are produced from thymus vulgaris, including thymol. citral, linalol, and thuyanol types. Steam distilled in France, Spain, Germany, and other European countries.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Contains phenols-may be irritating to the skin. Classification: phenol, alcohol, terpene, ester-varies with ct. May have moderate ketone content
USAGE HISTORY: Ancient usage in Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Used in traditional European medicine during the Middle Ages. An extract was used in World War I as an antiseptic to treat soldiers' wounds.
Steam distilled and CO2 extracted, from the root, mainly in India and China. Production of this oil is rare. Plant is a relative of ginger.
USAGE HISTORY: Little data is available. Root has been used for many centuries as an herbal remedy in Ayurvedic medicine, Hawaiian traditional medicine, and Chinese traditional medicine.
Steam distilled in France, Europe, England, USA from the roots of the plant.
SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and with small children. Classification: ester, sesquiterpene
USAGE HISTORY: Used in European, Asian, and Native American herbal medicine.
The only essential oil made from an orchid, the oil is obtained by CO2 extraction from the pods of the plant. Also produced as an absolute or a tincture. Produced in Madagascar, Mexico, Indonesia. Oil is widely adulterated, be aware of sources. Extensive use by the flavor and fragrance industries.
SAFETY: Appears safe at normal dosage. Avoid during pregnancy-induces menstruation. Classification: aldehyde
USAGE HISTORY: Used since 16th century in Europe, ancient Aztec herbal remedy and flavoring.
PERFUME NOTE: Base note/fixative Useful for making blends more appealing, especially to children
Steam distilled from the roots of the grass, produced in Haiti, India, Madagascar, China, El Salvador. (Chinese vetiver has a high acid content, may cause skin reactions in sensitive individuals.)
SAFETY: Pure vetiver is considered safe at normal dosage. Vetiver is widely adulterated with synthetics, which may cause dermatitis and skin reactions. Classification: alcohol, ketone
USAGE HISTORY: Fairly new to the aromatherapy market, it has been used locally in Russia, India, and Asia for medicinal use. Used extensively as a flavoring agent for foods and drinks, and as a fixative for perfumes.
Steam distilled from the leaves or berries of the plant, in Crete, Turkey, other Mediterranean countries.
Steam distilled from the berries (considered the finest) and the leaves.
SAFETY: Avoid during last two trimesters of pregnancy and with small children. Very safe, can be taken orally for several years without adverse effects. To recieve full benefits with a chronic condition, vitex may need to be taken orally for 6 months or longer.
USAGE HISTORY: Very little is currently known about vitex essential oil, it is fairly new to the aromatherapy market. Much of the information is based on medicinal use of the plant. The berries have been used medicinally for over 2,000 years in Egypt and Mediterranean cultures.
Very rare, steam distilled by artisan distillers from the leaves of the plant. Our supply is Ecocert certified organic from a distiller in Canada.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children.
USAGE HISTORY: Used in the western USA by Native Americans for smudging and purification ceremonies.
PROPERTIES: (Inferred from Salvia officianalis)
Produced by steam distillation in Nepal. Rarely available in unadulterated form, usually contains synthetic methyl salicylate. A red color indicates impurities, iron content.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, with small children. May produce skin irritation in sensitive individuals, may be sensitizing. Use with other oils, dilute well, use in small amounts. Classification: ester, alcohol
USAGE HISTORY: Used medicinally in Native American cultures.
Oil is steam distilled from the flowering plant. Produced in England, Europe, Asia, and China.
SAFETY: Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or with small children. Moderate ketone content. Classification: sesquiterpene ketone
USAGE HISTORY: Ancient usage by European, Chinese, NorthAmerican, and Asian aromatic medicines.
Produced in Madagascar, Phillippines, Comores. Extra grade (sometimes called bourbon) is produced during the first hour of distillation. Grades 1 through 5 are produced later and later during distillation, which can last over 24 hours.
SAFETY: Safe at normal dosage. Classification: esters
USAGE HISTORY: Traditional usage in Indonesia and Malaya.
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. If you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition, consult your physician before using this product.


text:
For a fast, inexpensive bathroom update, consider refinishing your bathtub.
Laurie gives tips on refinishing old kitchen cabinets for an updated look.
Laurie March's pro tips cover all you need to know about laminate floors.
Laurie March shares pro tips for starting over in a new space.
Projects by Professionals(at Pro Galleries)
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A federal appeals court panel in the District struck down a major part of the 2010 health-care law Tuesday, ruling that the tax subsidies that are central to the program may not be provided in at least half of the states. The ruling, if upheld, could potentially be more damaging to the law than last month's Supreme Court decision on contraceptives.
State Sen. Thomas A. Garrett Jr. says Uncle Sam is doling disappearing dollars to entice states to expand their Medicaid programs.
"This money is guaranteed for a few years, and then goes away," Garrett, R-Louisa, wrote in an op-ed that ran earlier this month in The Free-Lance Star and the Richmond Times-Dispatch.
Since October 2013, Americans have been enrolling for health insurance under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on Healthcare.gov or through insurance agents and brokers. With only a few weeks to go before the March 31, 2014 ACA enrollment deadline, the US Department of Health and Human Services has reported that more than 5 million Americans have enrolled for health insurance through the state-based exchanges.
TODAY marks the beginning of health care coverage under the Affordable Care Act's new insurance exchanges, for which two million Americans have signed up. Now that the individual mandate is officially here, let me begin with an admission: Obamacare is awful.
Ah, the Affordable Care Act. We've all been inundated with the stories about the rocky launch of Obamacare's Healthcare.gov website, the policy cancellations that drop people from coverage rather than meet minimum standards required by the ACA, and other issues like the one I have faced with a deeply flawed subsidy/tax credit application process that required a lengthy and intrusive Medicaid application.
Some of these issues were predictable and preventable; others were not.
I was anxious to attend the League of Women Voters Candidate Night because like so many other people in the new 11th District, I knew little about either of the major party candidates. I sat with more than 100 other voters and waited for Kerry Bentivolio to arrive.
With the open seat, Dr. Taj has a more than favorable chance to win. His opponent is Kerry Bentivolio, reindeer rancher, failed business owner and part-time actor who has never held elected office. He has strong ties to libertarian financiers and Tea Party activists but has been ostracized by the Republican Party establishment, having taken large donations from Liberty for All Super PAC, affiliated with Ron Paul.
He may be a Democrat in a largely Republican town, but don't tell that to Canton voters.
Dr. Syed Taj finished fourth out of six candidates in 2008 to win a seat on Canton's Board of Trustees -- the first Democrat elected to the board in recent memory and the only Democrat on the seven-member board.
We also talk economics and tax policy. We can't just continue to cut our way to prosperity, Taj says. We continue to fire public employees, he says, and that not only impacts quality of life, but it negatively impacts consumer spending.
The sudden resignation of Rep. Thad McCotter led to a tumultuous Republican primary in Michigan's 11th District, but the fallout may also mean a competitive general election for a seat thought until recently to be safely in the GOP column. At least, that's what Syed Taj is counting on.
On Friday, September 12th more than 150 activists will go to DC and Demand that their Senators and Representatives support removing the ratification deadline from the ERA (SJ Res 15 and HJ Res 113)
MI-11 Dr. Syed Tajhttp://www.tajforcongress.com


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