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Our economists engage in scholarly research and policy-oriented analysis on a wide range of important issues.
Regional & Community Outreach connects the Bank to Main Street via structured dialogues and two-way conversations on small business, mortgages, and household credit.
Economic Education improves public knowledge about the Federal Reserve System, monetary policy implementation, and promoting financial stability through the Museum and programs for K-16 students and educators, and the community.
|April 2001Volume 7, Number 4
|JEL classification: G11, G10
Authors: Joseph Tracy and Henry Schneider
The growing prominence of stocks as a household asset in the 1990s encouraged the view that the United States had become a nation of zealous investors alert to every market development and eager to acquire new stocks. Yet an analysis of the factors behind the rise in the household equity share suggests that exceptionally high returns on stocksrather than aggressive investment behavioraccounted for much of the increased importance of stocks.
The 1990s were remarkably good to U.S. stockholders. Stock returns for the decade averaged 16.1percent per year, almost twice the historical average of 8.7percent. The decade began modestly enough, yielding a 5.9percent annual return to equity from 1990 to 1995, but it finished exceptionally strong, with an astonishing 26.3percent average annual return from 1996 to 1999. As returns mounted over the decade, the household sectors stock holdings grew from $2.6trillion to $12.6trillion, and the composition of household assets shifted dramatically toward stocks. According to the Federal Reserves Flow of Funds Accounts, in 1990 stocks made up 13percent of the household sectors portfoliothe sectors holdings of equity, real estate, transaction accounts, and other assets. By the end of 1999, stocks share had swelled to 33percent, with much of the gain coming at the expense of real estate.
These statistics have created the impression that, over the course of the 1990s, the behavior of U.S. stock market investors became significantly more aggressive. In this view, Americans increasingly spent time tracking the movements of market indexes, studying stock price-to-earnings ratios, and expanding their investment portfolios. Moreover, as the decade progressed and market performance broke earlier records, ever-larger numbers of Americans grew eager to join Wall Streets long-running party.1
In this edition of Current Issues, we investigate the reasons for the increased importance of stocks as a household asset in the 1990s. We give particular attention to the possibility that a change in investor behavior largely explains this development, but we also consider other factors that may have prompted a shift toward stockschanges in the age and education distribution of the population, the restructuring of retirement plans, and the large returns on stocks relative to other assets.
Our analysis shows that behavioral change, in fact, played a rather limited role in the shift toward stocks. Age and education shifts and the advent of defined-contribution retirement plans also had a modest effect. Most influential in boosting the importance of stocks as a household asset were the high returns on equity investments. These returns reflected the independent workings of the market and owed little to investor initiative. Thus, in clear contrast to the popular view of U.S. households as aggressive portfolio managers, our evidence suggests that the typical American investor was largely the passive beneficiary of a bull market. Comparing Aggregate and Average Equity Shares
In a previous edition of Current Issues (Tracy, Schneider, and Chan 1999), we explained why aggregate statistics on the composition of household assets give a misleading picture of the average households portfolio. The aggregate equity share in the Flow of Funds data is calculated by dividing total corporate equity in the household sector by total assets in the household sector. The aggregate share can also be constructed by calculating each individual households ratio of equity to total assets, assigning a weight to that ratio that reflects the households fraction of total household sector assets, and then summing these weighted ratios. This procedure clearly gives wealthier households a much larger weight than households with average asset holdings.
An alternative approach to measuring the composition of household assets is to average individual household portfolio shares without weighting by household wealth. This approach produces what we refer to as the average household asset portfolio. The measure can be obtained by using data from the Federal Reserves Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), which gathers information on a cross section of about 4,300 households representative of the U.S. population as a whole.
The importance of weightingor not weightingthe asset data by wealth is brought home very vividly in Chart1. Using data from the SCF, we plot the median equity and real estate shares by percentile of the wealth distribution for the years 1989 and 1998.2 What is most evident in the chart is that equity shares vary strikingly with household wealth. Poor households at the bottom of the wealth distribution own little equity or real estate, while households in the middle of the distribution hold most of their wealth in real estate and a small portion in stocks. The wealthiest households have substantial holdings in both stock and real estate. These dramatic discrepancies in household portfolio allocations suggest that the aggregate equity share, by giving greater weight to wealthy households, would not provide a very representative picture of the stock holdings of the broad spectrum of households. Thus, if we are interested in evaluating the extent to which household investment behavior has contributed to the increased importance of stocks, we need to look at changes in the average, rather than the aggregate, equity share.
Chart1 provides further support for this conclusion in its depiction of how median equity shares changed over time. Between 1989 and 1998, increases in equity shares were concentrated in the top half of the wealth distribution. This evidence suggests that the 20-percentage-point leap in aggregate equity shares over the period may give a skewed impression of the increased importance of stock holdings for the great majority of households.
Indeed, when we use the SCF data to calculate the change in average household portfolio shares, we find that the average equity share rose from 5.0percent in 1989 to 11.6percent in 1998 (Chart2). This 6.6-percentage-point increase in the average equity share clearly falls short of the more dramatic jump in the aggregate numbers. Nevertheless, it provides a more realistic measure of the rise in the importance of stock holdings across all wealth groups. In the analysis that follows, we seek to quantify the contribution of a number of factors to this increase in the average equity share.Explaining the Shift to Stocks
Changes over time in the household sectors average equity share, therefore, reflect both changes in the percentage of households owning any stocks and changes in the average fraction of household portfolios devoted to stocks for households already owning stocks. How these two channels combine to produce the change in the average equity share is described by the equation
Thus we can break down the 6.6-percentage-point increase in the average equity share as follows. Between 1989 and 1998, the stock ownership rate rose 15.8percentage points; when multiplied by the average conditional equity share over the same period (18.9percent), the increase accounts for 3.0percentage points or 45percent of the total increase. Similarly, the conditional equity share rose 8.6percentage points between 1989 and 1998; when multiplied by the average stock ownership rate over the period (42.1percent), this increase accounts for 3.6percentage points, or 55percent, of the total increase.
In the remainder of this section, we examine various factors that may have contributed to the rise in the average household equity share in the 1990s. In each case, we look for the factors influence through the two channels identified here.Demographic Factors
If the graying of the baby boomers did indeed produce an increase in the average household equity share, we would expect to see evidence of its operation through at least one of our two channels. Specifically, we would expect that the age groups that saw the greatest population growth in the 1990sthe baby boomerswould have high stock ownership rates and/or a high percentage of their assets in the form of stocks.
Evidence of a correlation between age shifts and stock ownership rates is found in Chart3. The bars in the chart confirm that the greatest population gains during the 1989-98 period were in the groups aged 40 to 49 and 50 to 59the baby boom generation. The same age groups clearly show the highest stock ownership rates. By contrast, no significant relationship is observable between age and the portion of stockholders assets in stocks: the conditional equity share is relatively stable across all age groups.
Overall, Chart3 suggests that, in the period under study, aging influenced the propensity to own stocks, but not the portion of the household portfolio devoted to stocks. In other words, if the aging of the population affected the average household equity share, it did so because it made non-stockholders more likely to purchase stocks, not because it led existing stockholders to increase the share of their portfolios invested in stocks.3
To assess more precisely how the aging of the baby boomers has affected the average household equity share, we construct a statistical model.4 The model allows us to measure the effects in Chart3 while controlling for other factors that may influence the average equity shareeducation shifts, the restructuring of retirement plans, and the pattern of asset returns. Our statistical analysis shows that age shifts may have caused the stock ownership rate to increase by 0.6percentage point between 1989 and 1998. Multiplying this increase by the average conditional equity share over the period indicates that the impact on the average household equity share is 0.1percentage point.
Not surprisingly, age had a weaker effect on the conditional equity share. The data show that age shifts may have caused the conditional equity share to rise 0.1percentage point, a negligible increase that, when multiplied by the average stock ownership rate over the period, leaves the average equity share only slightly changed.
Combining the age effects on stock ownership rates and conditional equity sharesour two channelswe find that shifts in the age distribution can account for a scant 0.2percentage point of the 6.6-percentage-point increase in the average household equity share between 1989 and 1998. Thus, the aging of the baby boomers had a surprisingly small effect on stock investment.
A second demographic factor that may have contributed to the rise in the average equity share is a broad improvement in the education level of the population. Perhaps better educated households have more discretionary income to invest in stocks. If increased educational attainment does explain some part of the larger equity share, we would again expect to find evidence of its operation through at least one of our two channels. In other words, we would expect to find that the education distributionthe breakdown of the population by level, or years, of educationhad shifted toward those groups that have high stock ownership rates and/or high conditional equity shares.
Chart4 suggests a correlation between changes in educational attainment and stock ownership rates. The bars in the chartwhich measure the percentage gain or loss in the population of different education groups between 1989 and 1998show a clear shift in the education distribution toward increased years of schooling. The number of household heads with post-secondary educations grew significantly during the period; within this broad category, the group of household heads with four years of college expanded the most.
The stock ownership rate rose strikingly with the household heads years of education. In 1998, less than 20percent of those who did not complete high school owned stocks. By contrast, most households headed by a college graduate held stocks in their portfolio, and almost 80percent of those whose education continued beyond college had invested in stocks.
However, while education level almost certainly influenced whether or not households invested in stocks, it appears that, for households that already owned stocks, no strong relationship existed between years of schooling and the fraction of the household portfolio invested in stocks. The conditional equity share in 1998 was quite uniform across all education levels. In sum, then, our findings suggest that advances in the populations educational attainments, like the shifts in population age, affected the average household equity share almost entirely through the stock ownership channelthat is, they influenced the likelihood of owning any stocks rather than the portion of the household portfolio allocated to stocks.
Indeed, these findings are borne out by the results of our statistical analysis. Using our model, we find that shifts in the education distribution likely caused the percentage of households that own stocks to increase by 2.6percentage points. These same education shifts induced the conditional equity share to increase by only 0.3percentage point. If we incorporate these values in our equation for determining the change in the average equity share, we find that education shifts explain 0.6percentage point of the total 6.6-percentage-point rise in the average equity share. Although education shifts, somewhat surprisingly, appear to have been more important than age shifts in altering the average household investment behavior, both demographic factors had limited effects. Taken together, they account for only about 11percent of the observed increase in the average household equity share over the 1990s.Defined-Contribution Retirement Plans
Defined-contribution plans have made stock investment easy and attractive for households that otherwise may not have held stocks. In 1989, 74percent of households with a DC plan owned stocks, compared with 22percent of the rest of the population. However, the conditional equity share for stockholders with DC plans was the same as that for stockholders without them. Our statistical model indicates that the shift toward DC pensions may have increased the stock ownership rate by 5.0percentage points, while it increased the portfolio share that households allocate to stocks by only 0.6percentage point. Through the two channels combined, the shift toward DC plans accounts for 1.2percentage points, or 18percent, of the 6.6-percentage-point increase in the average household equity share.Differential Asset Returns
One might reason that these high returns would induce people to invest in stocks when they otherwise would not, or to increase their exposure to stocks through additional investments. But in order to assess how high returns affected the average household equity share over the last decade, we need to isolate the impact of the returns from that of the investment behavior they may have provoked. To this end, we assume a passive investment response to the high returns on equity. In other words, we postulate that households make no important changes in their investment behavior in response to the high returns to equity.
Making this assumption, we find that the high returns on equity can still lead to large shifts in average portfolio shares if the returns to alternative investments differ markedly. To understand this point, consider the hypothetical Van Winkle household, which in 1989 held the nationwide average of stocks, bonds, and real estate. According to the allocations in Chart2, this means that 5.0percent of the households assets were invested in stocks, 2.9percent in bonds, and 44.6percent in real estate. Suppose that after allocating his assets in this way, Mr. Van Winkle goes to sleep for nine years. When he wakes up, his portfolio looks very different. Using the average returns to equity, bonds, and real estate during his long nap to update his holdings, we calculate that his 1998 portfolio has an equity share of 12.1percent, a bond share of 4.6percent, and a real estate share of 41.6percent. Notice how similar these values are to the actual average shares in 1998 (Chart2).
We now measure the impact of the equity return differential in the 1990s on the average household equity share while holding all demographic factors constant at their 1989 levels. This step allows us to isolate the effects of the high returns from those of any demographic changes that occurred during the period (as well as those of the behavioral changes). The approach we take is to repeat the Van Winkle example for each household in the 1989 SCF. Thus, we calculate what each households portfolio allocations would be in 1998 assuming that the household head did not age, did not become better educated, maintained the same pension plan, and responded passively to all stock market developments during the 1990s. We then average across households to estimate the implied 1998 average household asset allocations.
We find that differential asset returns would have led to an increase of 8.2percentage points in the equity share held by existing shareholders in 1989.6 Note that the Van Winkle effect of the high equity returns operates solely through the conditional equity channel. Since we assume passive behavior on the part of investors, there would be no new participants in the stock market and hence no change in the percentage of households owning stock. If we incorporate the increase in the conditional equity share in our formula for determining the change in the average household equity share, we find that the average equity share would have risen 3.5percentage points. Thus, the high returns to stock investments account for a substantial 53percent of the observed increase in the average household equity share.7Changes in Investor Behavior
How influential, then, were behavioral changes? Because direct measurement of the impact of such changes is difficult, we take an indirect approach. We assume that the increase in the average household equity share is the sum of the effects of the factors just disscussed plus behavioral effects. We have estimated that demographic changes can explain about 11percent of the higher equity share; the shift to DC pension plans, roughly 18percent; and the high relative returns to equity, about 53percent. Added together, these factors account for roughly 82percent of the total change in the average household equity share. We then treat the behavioral effects as the residual. Thus, a marked change in household investment patterns could explain at most 18percent of the rise in the average household equity sharea fairly modest contribution.Conclusion
These findings suggest that the typical household responds to market developments quite sluggishly. Despite intensive media attention to the stock market boom of the 1990s, most households that owned some stocks during the period did not rush to buy more. Similarly, most households that held no stocks refrained from acquiring them. The average household equity share rose in the 1990s not so much because Americans were flocking to Wall Streets party, but because those already attending decided to stay on.
One implication of our results is that the typical household may behave in a similarly languid fashion if market returns over the current decade drop below their historical average. In that event, the average household equity share is likely to fall, but by less than it would if households were racing for the exits. Thus, passive investment behavior promises to smooth out the swings in the average households asset allocations over time.
|About the Authors
Joseph Tracy is a vice president in the Domestic Research Function of the Research and Market Analysis Group; Henry Schneider, formerly an assistant economist in the function, is now a graduate student in economics at Yale University.
2. The household equity share includes both direct and indirect ownership of equities. The latter covers mutual funds, defined-contribution retirement accounts, trusts, and managed accounts. It does not include defined-benefit retirement plans. Total wealth includes all assets except human capital and defined-benefit retirement plans such as expected social security income.
3. To measure the effect of aging on household investment behavior, we use the variation across households in stock ownership rates and conditional equity shares for a given survey year. An alternative approach is to look at the investment patterns of different age cohorts of households across survey years. The first method may confuse age effects with cohort effects, while the second method may confuse age effects with time effects. We use the first approach since it seems to us that time effects are likely to be quite important in the 1990s. Using data from the 1983, 1989, and 1992 SCFs, Poterba and Samwick (1997) find that the two methods of construction produce similar age profiles for stock ownership rates and similar equity shares. See Ameriks and Zeldes (2000) for an extensive discussion of the issues relating to age-effect measurement.
4. Details of our statistical model are presented in a technical appendix which is available upon request.
5. Returns on stocks are calculated from the S&P 500 index; on bonds, from the Merrill Lynch Corporate Bond Index of Total Returns; and on real estate, from the United States House Price Index.
6. We repeated this exercise for each three-year period between 1989 and 1998. We found that, on average, households owning stock in 1995 actively shifted out of stocks over the next three years. These households may have been seeking to rebalance their asset allocations in the face of a substantial rise in their equity shares.
7. Ameriks and Zeldes (2000) come to the same basic conclusion using data that track individual investment decisions from 1987 to 1996. Of the households that were continuously followed over this period, 82percent of stockholders made no active net change to their equity allocations.
Ameriks, John, and Stephen Zeldes. 2000. How Do Household Portfolio Shares Vary with Age? Unpublished paper, Columbia University, February.
Poterba, James, and Andrew Samwick. 1997. Household Portfolio Allocation over the Life Cycle. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper no. 6185, September.
Tracy, Joseph, Henry Schneider, and Sewin Chan. 1999. Are Stocks Overtaking Real Estate in Household Portfolios? Federal Reserve Bank of New York Current Issues in Economics and Finance 5, no. 5 (April).


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Tom Berry's tribute to Nikolai Dante,which recently(Prog1791,11Jul'12)published the last ever story,"Sympathy For The Devil",after a 15 year run of consistently excellent storylines.
Co-created by artist Simon Fraser and written throughout by Robbie Morrison;
Nikolai Dante,we salute you;indeed you were:"Too Cool To Kill!" P.S points to anyone who can name all the supporting cast!
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Verland is a non-profit family of person-centered, community homes and services supporting over 200 individuals with intellectual disabilities, many of whom have multiple physical challenges.
Begun in 1978, the organization's adult training facility provides valuable training through a number of creative means while generating a more gratifying, healthy and independent lifestyle for those who participate.
Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Free, on-site parking is available.


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LOVELAND – Emery Lodge 258 F.&A.M. will host an ice cream social and open house from noon to 4 p.m. Saturday, Aug. 20, at the lodge, 220 E. Loveland Ave.
Ice cream will be provided compliments of United Dairy Farmers.
The event is open to the public.
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- Product Information
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Everyone's favorite Super Hero, Iron Man Mark VII is a great choice if your want a Super Hero disguise. Make a Super Hero Group with Hulk, Batman, Spiderman for a great group disguise. Our men's Iron Man Mark VII costume includes a muscle jumpsuit and helmet.style mask. Men's Size XL Does not include socks. This is an officially licensed Marvel costume.
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Wednesday, 24 Feb 2010 09:32 AM
A newly authenticated Van Gogh has gone on display 35 years after a discredited art collector bought it in Paris, convinced it was painted by the famed Dutch master but never able to prove it.
Louis van Tilborgh, curator of research at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, said "Le Blute-Fin Mill" was painted in 1886. He said its large human figures are unusual for a Van Gogh landscape but it has his typically bright colors.
It was bought in 1974 by Dirk Hannema, who was known as a brilliant museum curator but a fool when buying for his own collection. When he died in 1984 he claimed to have seven Vermeers, several Van Goghs, and a few Rembrandts.
He was right only about this one.
It went on show Wednesday in the Museum de Fundatie in the town of Zwolle.
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The Style Evolution of Carine Roitfeld
Take a look at Vogue fashion editor Carine Roitfeld and see how her style has inspired the fashion world.
2. Greek Goddess
Looking a bit more fashionable at the Marc Jacobs runway show in September 2005, Carine showed off a softer feminine side of her style. The one-shouldered dress and gold accented jewelery worked well together, but her gold sandals were a bit lack-luster.
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Got Talent Swx Videos
Watch the most popular, latest and new got talent swx videos and got talent swx video clips. Make sure you check out the latest funny videos and new videos.
Brilliant Guitar Smacking TalentThis guy has found a completely different way to play a guitar. It's very effective and sounds great.
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Bohemian Rhapsody Performed By One ManA clever and talented man called Richie Castellano plays every single instrument and sings every part of Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody. more..Tags: queen, bohemian rhapsody, music, richie castellano, awesome, talent
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Rising Talent to Watch - Pete Freeland - Actor Host Rocket Scientist1888 pressrelease - Pete Freeland: Rising Talent to Watch; When Rocket Science Meets Entertainment.Pete Freeland is making waves through the entertainment industry. His work has been crucial to more..Tags: art entertainment, talent, actor, science, television
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Topics: Delivery of Care, Women's Health, Politics, Public Health
Jun 06, 2013
Some supporters of abortion rights fear that any current changes could be used sometime in the future to restrict the option for women. Meanwhile, an appeals court rules that some morning-after pills should be available over the counter immediately.
Politico: Abortion Emerges As An Issue In Filibuster Fight
As Democrats consider whether to use the so-called nuclear option to rewrite the Senate's filibuster rules, one issue in particular has some liberals worried: abortion. Changing the rules to make it easier to confirm President Barack Obama's executive branch or judicial appointments may help the White House in the short term, and railing against Republican filibusters plays well with the Democratic base. But privately, that base and pro-choice groups are concerned how a future GOP president and Senate could take advantage of the new setup (Everett, 6/6).
NPR: Court Says Some Morning-After Pills Must Be Available OTC Now
A federal appeals court has dealt the Obama administration yet another blow in its quest to keep at least some age restrictions on the sale of emergency contraceptive pills. In a three-paragraph order, a three-judge panel for the United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit ruled that although the government's appeal of a lower court decision removing all age restrictions on morning-after pills is still pending, at least some medications must be made available over the counter immediately (Rovner, 6/5).
The New York Times: Judge Orders All Restrictions Lifted On Some 'Morning-After' Pills
A federal appeals court in New York on Wednesday ordered that some types of emergency contraceptives be made available for now to women of all ages without a prescription, adding another layer of confusion to a complex and intensely political fight over the drug's availability (Belluck and Shear, 6/5).
The Associated Press: Court To Allow Girls To Buy Morning-After For Now
A federal appeals court has decided to permit girls of any age to buy generic versions of emergency contraception without prescriptions while the federal government appeals a judge's ruling allowing the sales. The order Wednesday was met with praise from advocates for girls' and women's rights and scorn from social conservatives and other opponents, who argue the drug's availability takes away the rights of parents of girls who could get it without their permission. It is the latest in a series of rulings in a complex back-and-forth over access to the drug (Neumeister and Neergaard, 6/6).
Reuters: U.S. Sale Of Some 'Morning-After' Pills To All Ages Allowed
A U.S. appeals court on Wednesday said that some emergency contraception pills now can be sold over-the-counter without age restrictions while the federal government fights a lower court judge's order allowing unrestricted sales. In a brief order, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the two-pill version of emergency contraception to be sold without limits, including to girls under age 17, saying the U.S. Food and Drug Administration had not met the legal standard to justify limits (Stempel, 6/5).
NBC News: Court Orders FDA To Make Some Plan B Pills Available To All
An appeals court ordered the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday to make certain forms of "morning-after" birth control pills available freely over the counter to anyone who wants to buy them. But the court said the FDA could continue to restrict access to a newer, one-pill formulation called Plan B One-Step while the agency appeals a lower court ruling. The ruling from the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals instructs the FDA to make available two-pill versions of emergency contraception drugs that contain levonorgestrel (Fox, 6/5).
Boston Globe: Ruling Lifts Age Restrictions On Some Emergency Contraception
In a strange twist of events, a federal appeals court ruled Wednesday that two-pill generic versions of the morning after pill should be immediately made available over the counter, without any age restrictions; the court, though, denied unrestricted sales of the Plan B One-Step product until it determines whether the government's appeal should be upheld. Last month, the federal government appealed a New York state judge's ruling ordering emergency contraception to be made available on drugstore shelves next to condoms and tampons and without any age restrictions (Kotz, 6/5).
This is part of Kaiser Health News' Daily Report - a summary of health policy coverage from major news organizations. The full summary of the day's news can be found here and you can sign up for e-mail subscriptions to the Daily Report here. In addition, our staff of reporters and correspondents file original stories each day, which you can find on our home page.
© 2014 Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. All rights reserved.


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Posted on September 6th, 2010 by Stuart Turton
Dubai's dubious internet "censorship"
It's a funny thing censorship, our reaction to it funnier still. I live in Dubai these days, where the authorities consider the internet a big, prickly thing full of porn which is not to be trusted. This is, of course, correct.
In an effort to keep the people of Dubai from gouging themselves on the suggestively shaped thorns of this porn plant, the UAE has locked it behind a firewall. Actually, the wall metaphor is a bit strong. It's more a pair of ratty, old curtains that have been hastily closed to keep the kids from seeing naked Nora the next-door neighbour. A firecurtain, if you will.
In theory this should prevent clean-living souls from stumbling across illicit content. Illicit content being everything you'd imagine, plus Flickr and Skype oddly. (Click here to see a full list of what the UAE considers to be off limits.) The problem with sticking up a big wall is that people always want to know what's on the other side. Make the wall higher and sooner or later they'll find a ladder. Make it higher still, and they'll find dynamite.
My dynamite was handed to me by my ISP, specifically the young woman who answered the phone when I rang to ask why Flickr was blocked. I wasn't expecting any sort of sensible answer to this query. I never am when I ring complaint lines. Psychologically they exist alongside that desire to drop stones down wells. I don't do it because I expect anything to come of it, I just like to hear the splash.
She calmly recommended that I install Hotspot Shield, a free piece of software that ensures your computer flashes a US IP address to any website that comes asking. Unfortunately, Dubai was wise to this particular scam and had blocked the website so I couldn't download it, along with all other websites offering a similar service. Undeterred, she pointed me towards The Pirate Bay, which somehow remains open for business. I mean how, just how? The UAE has blocked Flickr because there are bottoms on it, and just occasionally, the suggestion of other dangly bits. The Pirate Bay – which offers a range of bottoms to suit every need, including midget and donkey bottoms for anybody having a really slow afternoon – remains blissfully undisturbed.
It boggles the mind. If you're going to throw up a firecurtain at least do it properly. It's been a long time since I tried to look at, erm … Flickr in China, but I like to believe that the second you try somebody abseils through your window, kicks you in the unmentionables and shoots out your screen. That's what censorship should be. That's censorship we can all get behind. Dubai's efforts just seem clumsy, like I'm being blindfolded with an eye patch made of cling film.
The very fact that my ISP was telling me how to circumnavigate Dubai's ridiculously inept restrictions was one thing, the fact that my local friends thought this advice odd only because Hotspot Shield is rubbish, was quite another. They swiftly offered a list of their favourite alternatives, at which point I discovered that when you live behind a wall, everybody has their own favourite shovel.
I haven't signed up yet, but Lamnia is currently the frontrunner. For eight pounds a month, I get a UK and US IP address letting me access Spotify, iPlayer and Hulu, and browse anonymously. Of course, there's a performance hit, but that doesn't matter in Dubai, because the internet works. When I lived in central London my connection was so slow I started to believe the entire thing was a myth. In Dubai most homes are fibred from the get go. My ISP offered me a choice of three internet connections when I signed up: 8, 16 and 32Mbits/sec. They all do exactly what they say on the tin. My 16 Mbits/sec connection, landline, Sky Plus and Sports package costs £50 per month.
The bundle was activated within two days and there's no download cap or fair-use policy waiting at the bottom of my contract like a tripwire. It's the strangest thing, but I'm sitting behind a firecurtain accessing a porn plant and I'm finally using the internet the way I always imagined it should be used. I can access any service in any country, download things at a decent speed, and not worry about cracking a glass ceiling nobody told me about.
Ultimately, I'm quite glad the UAE's authorities block websites, and thrilled that they're so inept at it. Just like everybody in Dubai, all they've done is made me a master of internet chicanery. Censorship, eh? It really isn't all it's cracked up to be.
Tags: censorship, Dubai, Hotspot Shield, Lamnia, UAE
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25 Responses to " Dubai's dubious internet "censorship" "
Steve Cassidy Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 9:48 am
I do hope, young Stuart, that you are not about to discover the subtle but important difference between censorship, and logging.
Bluespider Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 10:12 am
Can't you get bits cut off over there for being naughty?
And I'm not talking about malformed packets…
toby Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 10:25 am
Firstly Stuart, Welcome to Dubai and dont worry the summer is coming to an end and we'll soon be able to drink outside again.
I am amazed that you got any kind of sensible answer from the ISP, they are know to be more responsive on twitter then over the phone here.
As for internet access and speed, the firewall is only there to appease the religious schools as a token gesture. Use of VPN's to circumvent the firewall is rife here if only to get iPlayer.
And while we may be on fiber, remember that we are only connected to the rest of the world by 4 shared submarine comms cables and it has been know for 3 of them to break simultaneously.
Stuart Turton Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 11:34 am
Hi Toby, your point about the religious schools is interesting. I've actually found Dubai far more liberal than I was expecting, so the blocking of web pages came as something of a surprise. Hence the blog.
Usman Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 1:28 pm
I know your talking about another country but don't insult others.
Breaking the law is not a good thing and you should be arrested and be given the harshest punishment possible in a UAE court of law.
We should have a similar but foolproof system here in the UK.
This guy thinks hes a smart arse cause he circumvented and hacked UAE internet security.
Arthur Norton Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 3:26 pm
"…the people of Dubai from gouging themselves on…"
Do you mean "gorging"?
milliganp Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 4:10 pm
I notice that #1 on the blocked content list is "Internet Content for Bypassing Blocked Content". Sounds a little recursive.
Greemble Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 6:48 pm
Gouging on the thorns.
You need to read the whole sentence, ol' chap.
What law is that, then?
While there maybe a token firewall to 'protect' the citizens, is there a law stating it must not be by-passed?
By the way, it's been circumvented, not hacked – and we do have a similar system here in the UK
Greemble Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 6:49 pm
Your comment is awaiting moderation.
When did that happen? Who's doing the moderation?
John Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 9:00 pm
Oh give me break Usman! A healthy disregard for authoritarian behaviour is the very reason we are able to live in a free and functioning democracy in the first place. The very fist time I ever ate a T-bone steak was about a week after they were (very briefly) banned.
There are 'laws', and then there are 'LAWS': Accessing Flickr or Skype are hardly in the same category as burglary, car-jacking or stabbing someone in the face.
Having said that, I do agree with Steve: I think you [Stuart] should maybe exercise a higher degree of caution when flouting laws in 'non-Western' countries, (such as, oh I don't know, not publishing that fact on a very popular and widely read website).
Not being stopped or caught immediately is not the same as not being caught eventually…
Steve Cassidy Says:
September 6th, 2010 at 9:22 pm
Uh, Usman… seems to me the UAE owe him a debt of gratitude for pointing out how their own companies and people are undermining their efforts. And I'm not quite clear who you think he is insulting, exactly – very likely the content blocker company, but who is to say if they are from the UAE or the UK or wherever?
Lomskij Says:
September 7th, 2010 at 9:31 am
Guys, please! Do not feed the troll.
Niall Says:
September 7th, 2010 at 10:33 am
I'm a clean living individual, and I prevent myself from accidentally falling over curious shapes on the internet by using K9 on my own computer.
I'm also a compulsive liar.
However, I do take full responsibility for the computer I provide for my housemate's daughter, which DOES have K9 on, and seems to work very well at stopping items which we don't want her to see until she fully understands the word "choice".
Having come across similar internet restrictions in Oman, it did make me wonder about the real nature and purpose of such restrictions. Surely it can't actually be to restrict people from questionable content, because the methods they put in place are always so poor.
@Usman – While we're on the topic of standard grade English, it's "you're" not "your" in your first post.
Niall Says:
September 7th, 2010 at 10:41 am
Caveat : Of course, for real "clean living" souls who don't wish to take any responsibility for censoring themselves (or their children), I guess having a govt run fireblankie… er… firecurtain, makes life a little easier and takes 2% less resource on their computer .
Pinero Says:
September 8th, 2010 at 6:18 am
@Niall – Fireblankie describes the Dubai system perfectly
Mustafa Bir Says:
September 8th, 2010 at 11:51 pm
@usman – we're adults. We don't require other adults to vet those things we do that harm no one.
Alex Says:
September 9th, 2010 at 10:48 am
I lived in Dubai for four years (2001-2005) and just used a HTTP proxy. Everyone knew about them. I've gone back since then and Etisalat (the telecoms monopoly, they now have 'competitors' but they're all state owned too through a bunch of holding companies, so it amounts to the same thing) seems to have blocked them but when I was there last summer I managed to use Tor ( http://www.torproject.org ) to get around it.
Simeon Beresford Says:
September 9th, 2010 at 9:50 pm
ridiculing a government by revealing a list of sites to bypass their Internet blocks seems to me a good way to get those sites closed
Alex Says:
September 10th, 2010 at 12:23 am
You'd think so, wouldn't you?
Cameljockey Says:
September 23rd, 2010 at 8:34 am
"In Dubai most homes are fibred from the get go." – Is that the same Dubai that I live in? This is completely wrong.
"in Dubai, ….. the internet works" – Yes when submarine cables are not cut for several weeks leaving a whole country at speeds where even web browsing is painful, let alone using business vpn's, gaming, etc. Also, I have been here for six years and there is still no way to get a fixed IP address in a residential property. Also, try a test of their efficiency; order a simple 4MB connection on a POTS line. They will take your money and 'install' it without even checking if the line was suitable (of course it's not). Then you will try for close to a year to get the ISP to understand that they should never have accepted the order, and try to get your money back (no refunds here…). Also..I could go on. And on.
MindSmith Says:
September 27th, 2010 at 7:01 am
Thanks for the heads up Stuart, we will now work on blocking access to Lamnia's IP address range and the rest. It may also interest you to note that technically you've admitted to bypassing UAE proxies in violation of the telecoms law, and bragged about it publicly…not so smart eh?
Ps:we checked, and your neighbour's name is not Nora
Dubai Dude Says:
July 18th, 2011 at 11:54 am
Everybody here uses VPN to get on "nice" sites or to Skype home, or at least expats all do. I don`t think the VPN (the connection, not the site) can be blocked as easy as with a proxy. I`m using this: http://www.highspeedvpn.com/ right now and it never got blocked, and probably never will. That`s just paranoid people thinking. In the worst case some VPN sites may get blocked, but there`s always a way around that to get on the VPN site and place the order.
BTW, really funny how the tech girl recommended you to install Hotspot Shield .
Toby Says:
March 20th, 2012 at 9:23 am
Hi, Glad I found this post. I signed up with Lamnia VPN for only £2.99 . I think your prices on here are a bit wrong as their prices are less than 8 quid. Anyway thanks again it's brilliant I don't have to sit through Eastenders with the misses I can now disappear with my laptop.
Can't recommend Lamnia VPn high enough excellent.
Mohammad Says:
September 1st, 2013 at 6:04 pm
It is just part of the arab psyche to build moral walls and make sure to have a few holes to the other side. these are sometimes literal like the bridge from KSA to Bahrain in order for the Saudis to drink and party on the weekend. The same is true for my country Jordan which recently banned bars and liquor stores to open up on streets with holy names even though most of the prostitution happens in Mecca and Madina streets whose intersection is aptly named "intersection of the holy places" It is precisely at this intersection where much of this unholy behavior happens. so it's not that authorities are inept in censoring, it's just that the point of censorship is to alleviate the Arab man/woman's need to do their holy duties and not to actually censor
Tasha Says:
May 25th, 2014 at 8:43 pm
Quite a few complications develop from invalid registry entries that develop from unknown sources. Apart from wreaking havoc on our computer system, penetrating our privacy, and also the feasible monetary complications which will outcome, PC challenges including this waste our time and effort by forcing us to correct the intended attack. Protection, education, along with a active attitude can go quite some distance to minimize our vulnerability and misfortune.
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US Postal Service posts $1.3 billion quarterly reduction
Days following announcing plans to end Saturday delivery of first-class send, the United States Postal Service offered evidence to justify the move: a quarterly reduction of over $ 1 billion. The USPS mentioned Friday it lost $ 1.3 billion inside the 3 months from October to December.
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In a surprising move this morning, Mission City Council voted to dissolve Mission Economic Development Authority.
The action was taken in a special called meeting of Mission City Council convened at 10 a.m. today. After a lengthy executive session in which the full council met with City Attorney David Guerra and City Manager Julio Cerda, the mayor and council unanimously voted to stop funding to Mission Economic Development Authority (MEDA) and to dissolve the organization, dedicating all functions of MEDA to MEDC (Mission Economic Development Corporation).
MEDA President/CEO Pat Townsend Jr. declined comment on the action immediately following the meeting, indicating that he needed to go into another meeting with the city attorney first.
Mayor Norberto "Beto" Salinas explained afterwards that the MEDA staff would remain, but would just report to a different board of directors.
"Pat will continue doing what he's doing," said Mayor Salinas. "It's a friendly merger….It's the same as McAllen's system. McAllen, Weslaco, everybody has the same system," he added.
However, the mayor made it clear he was not happy with the way things have been working at MEDA.
"I just want things done," he said, explaining that MEDA projects were taking too long to complete.
"It takes them two years to do anything," he said.
He cited as an example the proposed highway to be constructed to Bentsen Palm, which he said they started on two and one-half years ago, "And they are just going to open bids next week."
"Pat does a good job, but with a big board like that…you're not going to be able to get anything done. Now he's going to be able to do things faster," Salinas said.
Mayor Salinas said MEDA will keep their same offices and same staff.
"Nobody is going anywhere," he said.
|Mission Councilwomen barred from MEDA executive session
|Originally published Friday, March 4
|Council removes Roseland as MEDC board president
|Originally published Friday, March 4
|MEDA to discuss merger with MEDC
|Originally published Friday, March 4
|MEDA board considers mass resignation
|Originally published Friday, March 11
|Mission council supports MEDA board restructuring
|Originally published Friday, March 18
|MEDA board members tell council, 'Slow down'
|Originally published Friday, March 18
|MEDA rebuffs city takeover of board
|Originally published Friday, March 25
|Council strips MEDA's authority
|Originally published Tuesday, March 29, 11:24 p.m.
|Mission rescinds MEDA's authority, hires its employees, except Townsend
|Originally published Friday, April 1
|MEDA Timeline
|Originally published Friday, April 1


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As seen on this past Monday night Raw, Vickie Guerrero announced a match named after her that will include: A.J Lee defending her Divas title against Naomi, Cameron, Brie Bella, Nikki Bella, Natalya, Summer Rae, Emma, Eva Marie, Aksana, Alicia Fox, Layla, Rosa Mendes and Tamina Snuka at WrestleMania 30. The match is named the Vickie Guerrero Divas Championship Invitational.
With a week and two days before the pay-per-view, the rules of the match is still unknown at this time.
Vickie tweeted out the following:
I'm still thinking about what kind of match I should have for my invitational at #WrestleMania? Any ideas??
— Vickie Guerrero (@ExcuseMeWWE) March 28, 2014
Andrews Take: The idea that with a week out from the biggest show of the year and they do not even have plans for a title match is just another example of why this card is one of the worst in WrestleMania history. Now i understand that there were worst matches than this in the past, but the build to ever match has been not up to par. Take away Daniel Bryan vs. Triple H, all the other feuds have not been up to the expected standard that WWE gives us every year. This is just a match that gets every diva on the PPV which is good, but it seems tacky in the way we got here. Sadly, i see AJ Lee losing her title at this PPV to one of the Bella twins.
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Tags: AJ Lee Aksana Alicia Fox Brie Bella Cameron EMMA Eva Marie Layla Naomi Natalya Nikki Bella Rosa Mendes And Tamina Snuka Summer Rae Vickie Guerrero


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Gilas Pilipinas trails Korea, 15-19, at the end of first quarterBy Celest R. Flores |INQUIRER.net
MANILA, Philippines—Smart Gilas Pilipinas trails South, Korea, 15-19 , at the end of the first period of their semifinal match Saturday in the 27th Fiba Asia men's championships.
Kim Joo Sung led the Koreans with first quarter 11 points.
At stake is a chance to meet Iran in the title round on Sunday along with the assured two slots in the 2014 Fiba Basketball World Cup.
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Nov 28
And another thing about Sons of Anarchy being the best show on TV
They know a fucking season is 13 episodes, week after week, IN A FUCKING ROW!
Because I want my short & curlies straightened out with anticipation. Every. Fucking. Week.
Yeah, yeah, I know seasons used to be 26 weeks. And every Law & Order franchise is on some 40-something tally per season, but I am really irritated by other shows which I like, that call 8 or 10 shows a season, of have a "fall finale," making us wait months for the rest of the season. That's two annoyingly short seasons, you pud-whackers!
Anyway, like I said: Best show. Now shut up, because I don't have cable, so I'm FINALLY getting to see it now…
Geez already


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Instead of the predictable TH350, this thing runs a Chevy three-speed stick. That steering wheel is an old boat unit, and Stitch Bitch in Minnesota handled the matching gold 'flake buckets made from fabricated frames. We like the old Glide clamp-on turn-signal lever and the '51 Kaiser instrument cluster.
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pentir Wrote:
Oct 15, 2012 8:45 AM
-$725-billion, -$300-billion-w/China, "$440-billion was spent on oil-imports !" The 2012-#'s will be around the same, The Obama Admin has had 4-yrs, but they added 6-Trln-$$ to the National Debt, Why reward them with another 4-yrs ! 1993-2001 Report on Pres Bill Clinton: Status Of US Intel, Export Control, Satellite-Missile-Launching-Super-Computer-Technology-Tranfers, with objections from Sec-St Warren Christopher, From the US-State-Dept over to Ron Browns Comerc-Dept in 1996, for subsequent easier final transfer over to Communist China Supposedly for "Comercl-use-Only" But obviously endng up being used by China for "Developing-Advancing" its "long-beleagured-lagging-highly-failure-prone-plagued" high-tech-military-progrms, by-10-more


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mirror site
A Web site that is a replica of an already existing site, used to reduce network traffic (hits on a server) or improve the availability of the original site. Mirror sites are useful when the original site generates too much traffic for a single server to support.
Mirror sites also increase the speed with which files or Web sites can be accessed: users can download files more quickly from a server that is geographically closer to them. For example, if a busy New York-based Web site sets up a mirror site in England, users in Europe can access the mirror site faster than the original site in New York.
Sites such as Netscape that offer copies or updates of popular software often set up mirror sites to handle the large demand that a single site may not be able to handle.
Does this sound familiar? An online service promises to help your small business cut costs, increase productivity, make your coffee and walk your... Read More »Who's Moving Ahead in Cloud Computing?
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The trend for the past two years has been for shoppers to spend more online during the holiday season. How do you typically shop for holiday... Read More »How to Create a Desktop Shortcut to a Website
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- http://d2ob0iztsaxy5v.cloudfront.net/product/150520/1505206250_exlg.jpg
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velasca: I have a great idea for our holidays. I think we should go on an excursion to the countryside.
Anna: I am not camping again! I want a nice five star hotel room.
velasca: Where is your sense of adventure? I prefer to go to the mountains.
Anna: I want to relax and sunbathe on a beach!
velasca: Sun bathing is boring! What about a road trip? We can drive around the countryside.
Anna: I am not sleeping in a car; we better have nice guesthouses booked.


text: Why so anonymous? There's no need really :)Anyway, here it is. I'd be a Scoia'tael elf fighting for freedom! That doesn't look like herself. And I'd be stealing looks at Iorveth all the time. Can't help myself XD(and also I'd have loads of mascara on…apparently? dunno what happened)Actually I would probably be that little girl outside Flotsam that asks Geralt if 'girls can become witchas too?' :P but being an elf was cooler to draw


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An individual's healthspan can be defined as the length of time an individual is able to maintain good health. In 2007, over one hundred experts and researchers from public and private institutions across the nation convened to find new ways of addressing the human healthspan and the elusive nature of aging. Experts in public health, bioengineering, neuroscience and gerontology discussed how stress and lifestyle influence the decline of health at older ages. Other discussions focused on the integration of technology in the quality of life, gerontology, regenerative medicine and life expectancy with regard to social and behavioral traits. Still, other groups explored topics such as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of biological aging, the effects of exercise on the human healthspan, and changes in social context to enhance functional status of the elderly. Most importantly, experts agreed that it was imperative to ensure that the elderly have access to medical services by establishing relationships with health care and insurance providers.
Table of Contents
|skim chapter
|Front Matter
|Conference Summary
|Enhancing the Functional Status of the Future Elderly
|Design New Research Paradigms to Assess Healthspan, Its Enhancement, and Prolongation in Experimental Research Animals
|Effects of Exercise on Human Healthspan
|The Relationship Between Demographic Mortality Rates, Aging, and Functional Human Healthspan
|Changes in Social Contexts to Enhance Functional Status of the Elderly
|Develop Technological Interventions to Overcome Barriers to Independence and Community Participation
|Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Aging: The Roles of Nature, Nurture, and Chance in the Maintenance of Human Healthspan
|Inflammation's Effects on Aging
|Preconference Webcast Tutorials
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Complaint Box
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The giant snowstorm in December rekindled the irritation that is felt by many homeowners in the New York area, who after spending hours digging their cars out of six-foot-high snowbanks and driving to pick up groceries, return home to find a strange car parked in that just-cleared curb space. This is, perhaps, a minor inconvenience compared with the plight of residents whose cars get snowed in and stay snowed in for days after a storm, but it is nonetheless frustrating on an interpersonal level.
My neighbors and I are all in the same snowed-in predicament — dig we must, drive we must. So at some point, all of us have to shovel out. Surely space usurpers know the toil and trouble and exertion necessary to create a car-length chasm in the mini-mountain of snow outside their front doors because they had to dig out their own cars? Now they have to use another's space? Read more…


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This full website whois and analysis report on Nengqiao.com was ran on October, 25, 2014.
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It is 11:38 AM CEST when you ran this report for Nengqiao.com here on our website, IP-Adress.com. When it comes to Nengqiao.com, you can trust that if we have Whois information available for it, we will display it further below to assist in your research of Nengqiao.com. Feel free to run another Nengqiao related search, or start a new query.
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The Whois report for Nengqiao.com was ran at 11:38 AM CEST on October 25, 2014 and the information is provided below if available.
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Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Hannah Goode serves as the coordinator of the Student Innovation Incubator at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale. While completing her bachelor of science degree in marketing, she worked for the university's economic development department as well as its former innovation center. After working in a small business for 18 months, she decided to return to SIU to complete her MBA. As coordinator of the new student incubator program, Hannah works closely with student members on their business ventures, markets the program to the campus and community, and develops new innovation and entrepreneurship activities to meet the students' needs.


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Definition of orienteer in English:
orienteerSyllabification: o·ri·en·teer
Pronunciation: /ˌôrēənˈtir /
A person who takes part in orienteering.
More example sentences
- Wharfedale is clearly one of the hot-spots in terms of producing excellent orienteers.
- Boring, I know, but you can't be a good orienteer if you don't know where you're going.
- This year, no other orienteering club in Britain has so many orienteers who have achieved this award.
verb[no object] Back to top
Take part in orienteering.
More example sentences
- He is a member of the Eborienteers group, which orienteers in the York, Selby and Scarborough areas but has been affected by foot-and-mouth restrictions.
- She told the Evening Press: 'It will be the first time I've orienteered outside of Europe and is sure to be pretty exciting.'
Definition of orienteer in:
- The British & World English dictionary
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Word of the day demoralize
Pronunciation: dɪˈmɒrəlʌɪz
cause (someone) to lose confidence or hope


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Marketplace Meditations 4/28
Prayer at Work
April 28
"Epaphras, who Paul states to the Colossians 'is one of you and a servant of Christ Jesus. . . . He is always wrestling in prayer for you, that you may stand firm in all the will of God, mature and fully assured'" (Colossians 4:12).
Many of us have been entrenched in the "secular versus sacred" model for so long that it can be difficult for us to view our work as a ministry and workplace believers as missionaries in the 9 to 5 Window. However, God tells us clearly that we are to glorify God in all that we do (see Col. 3:17, 24). Having people pray for us to fulfill our purpose and calling in our workplaces is consistent with the will of God for every individual.
While the idea of a workplace intercessor may be a new concept for us, we need to remember the examples we find in the New Testament of believers praying for one another such as Epaphras in the scripture above.
Colin Ferreira is a friend, a board member for our ministry, and an owner of an optical business in Trinidad. I first met Colin in 2001 when he invited me to speak at a Caribbean workplace conference that he was organizing. I have watched Colin develop into a Kingdom business leader.
Through a series of struggles common to most businesses, Colin began to recognize the need for more prayer coverage. One of the organizations for which he had been supplying financial and leadership support maintained a prayer ministry. Colin asked the minister who headed the organization to intercede for him and his company on an ongoing basis, and she gladly agreed.
The two met periodically to discuss prayer needs and critical issues developing within the organization, which the minister then addressed discreetly in her intercessory group meetings. Often, this woman would recognize specific problems during these prayer meetings and know how to pray for them effectively.
Is prayer a regular part of your time with God? Are you in relationship with others who are praying for you?
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Poetry, fiction, nonfiction and thoughts on writing from a 1950s rocket kid. My newest book is Gods of Water and Air, available on Amazon.
Friday, July 18, 2008
Slow responses
No, not my reflexes. The dearth of answers I've received to date for a fleet of poetry submittals I sent in spring. Buoyed by ever-expansive spring thoughts of cracking new markets and bouncing off my flock of poems generated by the poem-a-day writing exercise of April (National Poetry Month), I sent out sheafs of paper. That was more or less four months ago.
Even my April and May email subs have yet to garner responses! Is there something about my work that just makes editors thoughtful? Or makes them fold up the pages and sail paper planes out the window?
Or is it the state of spring submissions -- the glut that heavies editorial desks from coast to coast, clogs in-boxes and generally slows down the gears?
I even have some things sent in February outstanding. I'm guessing it's not just me, but the state of poetry publishing.
And yet I find it a hopeful sign that so many people are writing poems. Who wouldn't want to live in a world where every other person you meet has a notebook or two full of poems?
In other news, I've just discovered a poet new to me whose work I find stunning: Paul Hostovsky. Check out this sampling of poems from our very own Umbrella, in the spring 2007 issue. I've ordered a book. Watch this poet -- big things ahead, in my opinion.
3 comments:
I should probably be at the beach myself, instead of at the computer. Thanks for coming by, Cheryl!ReplyDelete
I just think that even if a lot of (especially academic, but all, really) journals say they read in the summer, many don't--or at least not earnestly. I too am delighted by the # of folks writing, and have been even more delighted by how many good poetry submissions we've been receiving lately.ReplyDelete
Here are some more Paul Hostovsky links:
Obviously I'm a big fan, as well.
And I hope all is well with you!


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Astigmatism Center - El Centro, CA
WebMD Physician Directory
El Centro, California
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Astigmatism is an irregularity in the way light is focused (refracted) by the eye. Most commonly, astigmatism is a result of variations in the curvature of the cornea of the eye. However, astigmatism can also be caus...
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