text:
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TWiM regularly receives listener email with corrections, comments, suggestions for show topics, requests for clarification, and additional information. A selection of these is archived on this page.
Neva writes:
You may have seen this. Thought you all might enjoy this header illustration from
All your podcast are my favorites!
Dan writes:
Hi guys,
(I should give the obligatory "love the show", but it is true: as a bioinformaticist of a fairly mathematical sort, it's nice to spend an hour a week really listening to why people care about comparing metagenomic samples, say, rather than just thinking about them as mathematical objects to be manipulated and analyzed.)
Anyhow, there was a question on TWiM about whether people wearing their scrubs home spread infections from hospitals to other environments. Vincent says people in NYC rarely wear scrubs on the subway there. Regrettably, that's not true here in Ontario. The bus I was riding while I was listening to TWiM stopped in front of our local hospital...and on came a woman wearing scrubs. And sandals!
Keep up the good work,
(here is the image)
Steve writes:
Hi Vincent,
Always amused by the repartee on your podcasts, especially towards the end; and today I particularly enjoyed the continuation of your banter over washing. It reminded me of a visit to my local hospital - a large one, serving a fairly sizeable conurbation. I had to go for an ultrasound, which was based in a far corner of the building on an upper floor. I walked all through the building, past many signs about washing hands and the need for cleanliness, and then sat down in a waiting room. As I sat there, I soon became aware of a nasty smell, and was dismayed to find I had picked up a sizeable unwanted faecal donation from what must have been a very relieved dog. With this contribution, I had left a trail of filth all through the hospital, and, if I were to get up on a gurney, I would transfer it to that - and possibly some of the staff - too. What was I to do?
As nonchalantly as possible, I removed my sandal, and found its treads firmly plugged with very sticky and smelly mess; so I went in search of a wash basin. There one was; with shiny taps (faucets), and modern scalloped basin. There were elbow levers on the taps, and a large notice on how to wash your hands... The thing was actually a safety design nightmare. The scalloped basin was shallow, and would slosh, and splash the surroundings. The tap outlets were low down on the basin and close to the sides, so you could not put anything - like my shoe - under them; anyone washing their hands would likely touch the sides of the basin. What should have been there was a deep, square sectioned, basin, with a high outlet mixer tap, delivering a good volume of water into the middle, such that hands, fore-arms, and any objects that happened to need cleaning, could be cleansed with a minimum of splashing. But, it was much worse than that. In their wisdom, no doubt, someone had decided that the public could not be trusted with plugs: but they had also decided they still wanted plugs. So they made a plug that was captive to the outlet grille; a plug that one could not take out, but which would fall in when the tap was turned on. Thus it was impossible to run something like a turd-befouled sandal under a stream of appropriately hot water, to save a hospital from the infections it carried. But my shoe *had* to be cleaned! So you can picture the scene: trying to get some water from a badly positioned tap, onto a mucky shoe, while endeavouring to keep a plug from blocking the tiny basin, without getting filth on one's self, or the surroundings! In the end there was only one way. I had to fill the basin, put the sandal in it, and scrub at it with paper towels. Then I had to put my hand in the filthy water, to hold the plug out while the water drained! Then I had to try to wash the basin; then my hands; then my hands; then my hands... Every time you wash your hands in this hospital, you either leave a basin full of dirty water for the next unfortunate, or you dirty your hands again to let the water out!
With thousands of people traipsing in and out of hospitals, without removing their shoes, - and without putting on masks, and hair covers - there isn't a hope in Hell of keeping out the germs. Without really well designed washing and toiletry facilities for both staff *and* public, there isn't a hope in Hell, of beating hospital acquired infections.
Love the show,
Best wishes,
Steve Hawkins
(Rather humid and sticky, after a hot sunny day.)
Chris writes:
Just before listening to the last TWiM I had finished reading <i>The Drunken Botanist</i> by Amy Stewart. It is like a garden tour of the liquor store, with history, garden tips, recipes and odd little bits of trivia.
On page 59 is a box titled "Warning: Do not add water." It then explains that during prohibition California grape growers sold bricks of compressed dehydrated grapes, with a package of wine making yeast. The label warned to not add water and the yeast, because it would lead to fermentation and that would not be legal. ;-)
This is the book's website: http://drunkenbotanist.com/
Now I am going to try to make home made homemade grenadine from page 338 from a couple of pomegranates I bought this morning.
Thanks for the entertaining listening.
Alexandra writes:
Dear TWIM-ers,
When I began listening to TWIV almost a year ago, I had just switched majors from philosophy to biology. I am now writing to you good people at TWIM at the end of my first undergraduate summer research gig, where I have had quite a bit of fun (and frustration) mucking about with wetland bacteria. As I've been reading about all these different Bacilli, though, I've been wondering about species identification among bacteria, and about what it even means to classify bacteria as belonging to different species.
As far as I understand, most of the current work on species identification and the evolutionary history of bacteria relies on comparing the genomes of bacteria, looking for differences and similarities in highly conserved regions and in the presence or absence of accessory genes. My adviser told me that one shorthand for distinguishing between a "strain" and a species is whether or not the genomes of the two bacteria are more than 95% related to one another. This seems like a fairly arbitrary figure to me!
Then, too, some species are very closely related but lead significantly different lives, in different environments. I have had the pleasure of getting to know Bacillus mycoides this summer, but I don't think I would have been able to handle this little bug if it behaved much like its more famous and dangerous relative, Bacillus anthracis. It seems to me that any species classification must take "lifestyle" - metabolism, behavior, environment - into account.
So how do all of you microbiologists think about this notion of "species" - how do you distinguish between a genus, a species, and a strain? Is it primarily down to differences in the genome, or do you care mostly about those differences which lead to substantially different ways of living?
Thanks so much for reading!
Your faithful listener,
Peter writes:
Dear TWiM team I thought that this was worth a mention.
The fungus Chalara fraxinea causes Ash Dieback disease and is killing many ash trees in Britain and Europe, losses in Denmark are believed to be 60% to 90% of all ash trees.
Dr Dan MacLean, of the John Innes Centre in Norwich came up with the idea of crowd-sourcing the analysis of the fungal genome and the genomes of susceptible and resistant trees through a facebook game:
The hope is that the detailed analysis will give clues to the origins of the disease, and help identify fungus resistant ash trees to grow in the future.
Top gamers may have their names published in scientific articles for their role in helping analyse the genetic information. Results of the project will be made available on the crowd-sourcing website OpenAshDieBack.
More on Ash Dieback:
Andres writes:
Hi TWIM Team,
I love listening to all your shows TWIV, TWIP and TWIM on Stitcher Radio. Thank you very much for the many hours of entertainment and learning.
On TWIM #61 it was mentioned that the body needs gut bacteria to make vitamin K and B. If you have not had a show on these bacteria I would like to suggest that these would make a good show topic.
Keep up the great work!
Thank you,
Fremont, CA
John writes:
Dear TWIMmers,
In TWIM #61, you talked about a species of insect with a symbiotic bacteria (which itself had a symbiont), and which also had a lot of bacterial genes that had been taken up into the insect's DNA. My understanding was that bacterial DNA and eukaryotic DNA have some differences that make it hard to move between the two. Do those differences cause a problem for movement of genes between insects and bacteria? If so, is there any indication of what has to happen for the gene transfer to work, and how common that is?
At the risk of slipping into TWIV territory, it seems like these endosymbionts would provide a lot of opportunity for infection of the host cell with bacteriophage. Are there examples of phage infecting eukaryotic cells?
Thanks for answering my amateur questions, and for your wonderful podcasts.
David writes:
In TWiM 60 during the email segment, there was a discussion about preservation of DNA in amber. Irregardless of Michael Crichton's book Jurassic Park, written in 1990, DNA preserved in amber has not panned out. Amber, which preserves in great detail the outer structure of insects, rarely preserves any internal material. Essentially, organisms in amber are casts. In addition, amber is porous to air, and air is corrosive to DNA. Searches for DNA in amber have not found much. Early 90's claims of DNA found in amber have been disputed. Vincent may recall my email answered on TWiV episode (I don't remember which one) about viruses trapped in amber. The article was behind a paywall so I was not able to read it, but I'm pretty sure no DNA was recovered.
FYI, DNA from bone has had more success. A recent announcement was made that DNA was recovered from a 700,000 year old frozen horse bone. So ancient DNA recovery is still possible, just not from amber.
See this You tube video by a paleontologist discussing DNA from amber.
Christyne writes:
Dear Vincent and fellow TWiMmers,
I really love your podcast. My son told me about them, and I have worked my way through the shows. I have been learning SO much.
I recently read that children with folic acid deficiency may have a higher incidence of regressive autism, and it got me wondering about the microbiome and nutrition. I heard Michael and maybe Jo? mention that the microbiome supplies 5-10% of your calories, and I found review articles that include references for that, but I haven't found a good review of micronutrients the microbiome supplies, like the b-vitamins. Would you consider having a TWiM on the microbiome and the nutrition it supplies? Since children with autism often have problematic microbiomes, could it be that they aren't getting the right vitamins at the right times for their brain development? Can the body "ask" the microbiome for more vitamins when it needs them through signaling? Could the microbiome supply much larger amounts of vitamins than we realize? Perhaps there are micronutrients that we don't know of yet because our microbiota supply them instead of our food?
I am interested in the vitamins because of my own story. (You could leave this part out if you want to). I used to be a bioengineer working in microscopy, gene arrays and bioinformatics, but I suddenly got sick with a disabling mitochondrial disease in my mid forties. I could run a mile without thinking about it, then a year later I couldn't sit up for 30 minutes, then a year after that I was going into heart failure. I started taking very large amounts of riboflavin and my heart, which had become enlarged, shrunk back to normal size and started working just fine! Unfortunately my other muscles didn't respond so well, but I'm still alive 5 years later, which wouldn't be the case without the riboflavin. Some of my friends on my mito and FOD (fatty acid oxidation disorder) support groups are also helped a lot by particular vitamins, and it makes me wonder why did it change? I was doing fine for 45 years then suddenly I need a bunch of riboflavin to survive. I'm starting to suspect the microbiome. I like how you think about it as another organ.
Thanks for your great work! Chris
There were various review articles in pubmed related to the microbiome harvesting energy and obesity and diabetes
e.g. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601187/
The folate deficiency in children/autism papers are sort of patchwork, but here is a sampling
p.s. I love Elio's voice
(p.s.s. my genetic defects are normally mild ones in nuclear genes affecting fatty acid oxidation and complex 1 of the respiratory chain, so the odd inheritance and aging effects on mitochondrial dna disorders don't really apply to me)
Joe writes:
Dear TWiM folk,
Hi from Denver and ICAAC.
I'm delighted that you are finally devoting the time and attention to the most important microbiology of all--yeast fermentations.
Your letter last week from Mark on yeast inoculations reflects a very modern North American perspective on winemaking. Inoculations with clonal yeast strains are of course quite modern--wine was made for millenia without inoculation.
Many of the finest wines of France, Vincent, are fermented with their indigenous yeasts. A complex microbiome produces a more complex metabolome, unsurprisingly, giving wines of distinct complexity and subtlety of flavor. One man's complexity may of course be another's excess funk in some cases, taste is always paramount.
It is also true that choices in the vineyard may influence the success of native ferments--heavy spraying with fungicides, for instance, surely selects yeast populations. But so does weather during the harvest, tying the wine more closely to its vintage. The requirement of highly alcohol-tolerant yeast to finish the fermentations of high-sugar grapes reflects some climate change, but it also reflects a recent cultural preference in California for riper (and to my taste simpler) fruit flavors that come with grapes left on the vine later in the summer to eliminate "green" flavors and coincidentally raise sugar contents.
I hope I have the chance to wave from the audience at a live TWiM or TWiV this week, and I hope you will continue to give alcoholic fermentation the attention they surely deserve.
Tim writes:
Vincent and friends,
While driving around a field cutting hay lost in my science podcast playlist the episode of TWIM #61 came up and I had to listen intently as salmonella typhimurium came up as this is a common enteric issue in agriculture. When you mentioned the work around salmonella came up with to outwit lipocalin and the idea people could in many millennia possibly evolve a second antisiderophore to combat it a thought occurred to me. Is modern medicine slowing our rate of evolution by reducing selection pressure for more fit individuals? This is not an argument for withholding medical treatments to improve the human race or something silly like that b/c obviously everyone has more important skills than the ability to fight off an enteric disease but was an interesting thought that hadn't really occurred to me before. Just wondering what you all thought of this.
Also thanks for the TWIP mention of our farm. I'll let you know if there's a TWIP bump like there is for TWIV ; )
If you decide to do an agriculture themed podcast like you and Dickson mentioned I'll be sure to listen to every episode as your opinions on agriculture are always well thought out and enjoyable to hear b/c it's interesting to see the views of very intelligent people that aren't directly in the field. Have a great day I need to get back to putting this hay down while the suns shining.
Tim Zweber
Zweber Farms
Sent from mobile device w/ a small keypad, forgive brevity and typos ; )
Click to listen to this episode of TWiM (64) Live in Denver from ICAAC 2013.
Hugh writes:
Hi Vincent,
I really enjoyed hearing about Carl Woese in TWiM #50. You mentioned the controversy surrounding of Woese's 1977 discovery of Archea as a third domain of life, as it contradicted entrenched scientific beliefs. Although Archea soon found its way into general scientific thinking, his work brings up another fundamental idea that is still controversial today. It relates to the word 'prokaryote.' Norm Pace, one of Woese's former students, is a strong believer that we need to stop using this word. I think he makes extremely compelling arguments about the harm this word does to basic biological understanding, and thought this could be an interesting discussion point on TWiM. Here are the the titles of two papers by Norm Pace that discuss this issue. They're both geared towards a general audience: Problems with "procaryote" (Journal of Bacteriology, 2009); Time for a Change (Nature, 2006).
I recently discovered TWiM and TWiV and am now an avid listener, mostly while cooking dinner and washing dishes, which always seems like deja vu after a long day of experiments and washing glasswear at the lab. Thank you for making that process infinitely more enjoyable. Writing from Seattle, WA,
[we had a brief discussion of this on an early TWiM; Elio if I recall does not mind the term]
Megan writes:
Hi TWIM team,
Could you do a TWIM about the archea and viruses that infect them? It is a fascinating area that doesn't get as much attention as bacteria.
Jim writes:
Just another update on the hand-washing issue. This link discusses the article, which costs $10 to see at the journal.
Smithfield, VA
Mark writes:
Hello Vincent, Michael, Elio --
I enjoy TWiM, and have listened since episode #1. Keep up the good work and keep going. Out of TWiV, TWiP, and TWiM, I discuss episodes of TWiM with my wife the most!
I am writing, belatedly, to correct some inaccuracies in episode 49 "Grape-like Clusters". These are:
1. Someone, VR?, commented that French wines were the best. This is not FACT, but a matter of taste. The Latin expression "De gustibus non est disputandum" applies.
2. Michael speculated that natural yeast was used to ferment wine. This is a common belief and is mostly wrong. There is a vigorous industry dedicated to selling commercial yeasts to winemakers. A small number of boutique wineries are experimenting with using natural yeast -- these are a minority, and the quality of their results is highly variable.
I am an amateur wine maker of 17 years. See the attached image of a macro bin containing 0.5 ton of Cabernet Franc grapes from 2012. Note the white, powder-like color on the grapes -- this is natural yeast that grows in the vineyard. Note also the stems with missing grapes -- as harvest occurs the growers typically take weekly samples to measure sugar content.
In wine making, after the crush (in which a machine separate the stems from the grape berries, and in which the berries are lightly crushed) potassium metabisulfite is added to the must (the residual grapes & juice) to kill natural yeasts and inhibit fermentation. Typically 24 hours later the must is inoculated with a yeast starter and nutrients. The image of nubile virgins stamping barefoot on grapes to make wine is, sadly, a myth.
Our winemaking group purchases yeast from a company which supplies commercial wineries, Gusmer Enterprises. Attached is their 2012 catalog. Its front and back covers commemorate scientists whose discoveries were key to wine making -- Pasteur, Leeuwenhoek, Riley, or Dewar.
There are subterranean links to virology. Vincent can speak to physicist-turned-virologist Max Delbruck and his seminal work. Did you know that his uncle, also named Max -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Delbrück_(chemist) -- developed a yeast, Torulaspora delbrueckii, that will live in high alcohol levels? These yeasts are especially important in California because our climate products grapes with very high sugar levels which, through fermentation, produces high alcohol levels.
3. The paper that Michael presented provided a quantitative framework to characterize and measure the differences between grapes grown in different blocks on the research vineyard. As winemakers we see a qualitative difference in each barrel of wine. Rule of thumb: half a ton of grapes = 1 barrel = 24-25 cases of wine. It is too labor intensive to produce and label at such levels, thus wine from each barrel is blended which averages out the different tastes of each barrel.
I have TWO recommendations for listener-picks-of-the-week:
-- to learn about how a Californian coup d'etat established their wines as equals to French wine makers, watch the movie "Bottle Shock" which combines fact and Hollywood sensuality; watch the trailer here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYs0kblXToA
-- to read more about the entire process of making wines from growing grapes, figuring out when to harvest them, and fermentation I recommend the book "From Vines to Wines" http://www.amazon.com/From-Vines-Wines-Complete-Growing/dp/1580171052
In closing,
in vino veritas
PS - feel free to use the grape image. The catalog image is technically copyrighted, though I doubt Gusmer would care if you want post it.
grapes: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8dwAT4VdQdjRHlIdlFjdVJndVU/edit?usp=sharing
catalog: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8dwAT4VdQdjN3RUMHZqcjFjSmM/edit?usp=sharing
Robert writes:
In TWIM #60 @1:06:23 Michael Schmidt suggests that glucose for fermentation from biomass is a necessary step in production of fuel ethanol. Fuel ethanol and other low molecular weight compounds can also be produced by autotrophic anaerobic fermentation of syngas. Syngas is a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen produced by pyroclastic treatment of a wide variety of organic material including ligno-cellulose, recycled tires, sewage sludge, and natural gas or methane. These reactions have been studied for many years and are being commercialized by Coskata. www.coskata.com.
Never underestimate the ability of microbes to scrounge a living from nearly any environment with water and energy available.
Tim writes:
I am a Canadian, here in the USA attending graduate school. Occasionally I hear hints in Michael Schmidt's language that he might be a fellow Canuck (words like "university" and "zed", and of course his impeccable class and intelligence). Michael, thinking back I'm not sure you've revealed anything about your past prior to your days in Indiana (at least not in the TWiMs I've listened to - I'm still working through them). If this is on purpose I respect that decision (I don't mean to pry into personal lives) - I was just curious.
Happy TWiMing!
- Tim
Juan writes:
Hi, i'm currently a Bioinformatics and Genomics Phd student at Penn State with a masters in Computer science and statistics. I'm currently working in antibiotic resistance in bacteria. I'm almost up to par with twim and i'm very grateful for your insightful discussions and the time you put in teaching everyone. This has been a great foundation for my microbiological knowledge. Keep up the good work.
I recently had the good luck to meet Dr Jo Handelsman during a distinguished talk here in my department.
I'm also a listener of twiv and twip, but not as often as twim.
Anonymous writes:
Last year, I started teaching microbiology for students interested in health-related fields. I caught up on all past TWiM episodes to help prepare me for teaching. I have learned so much from the podcasts, and so much what I already knew has been reinforced! In particular, the recent mention of conjugation experiments brought back happy memories, since I worked on a self-mobilizing pathogenicity plasmid for years. Listening to TWiM has an added benefit, since my students think I'm much smarter than I really am. :-)
I'm from another country and a few days ago, I was talking to a colleague (also from another country), and we discussed our shock when we first came to the US and found that everyone who works in health care can simply go home in their work clothes. In fact, they almost seem to wear their scrubs as a badge of honor (Do you see my scrubs? I do really, really important work!). It is my impression that many cases of nosocomial infections are associated with health care staff (consider that renovating an entire building wasn't enough to get rid of Klebsiella, which was probably brought back in on the first day of re-opening by the staff). The staff carry these bacteria, fungi, and viruses in their noses, on their skin, hands, and clothes around with them. They leave work, stop to buy groceries on their way home, pick kids up from daycare/school, and take their clothes home and wash them with the rest of their household laundry.....
In a number of other countries, health care personnel have to change in designated rooms at the facility. Their uniforms have their names sewn in, or embroidered on, stay behind at the end of the day, and are properly washed by the facility itself. Personnel can (and sometimes are required to) showers before they change into their regular clothes and leave the facility.
Maybe I'm missing some crucial piece of the puzzle, but it seems like a relatively inexpensive and effective way to limit spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria to the general community. It may also have a positive outcome on the spread within the health care setting. I would appreciate it, if anyone on the podcast could comment on this.
Tim writes:
Hello TWiMsters! (I apologize if you receive this message twice, I just noticed that you have a contact form for sending emails.) I recently discovered the trifecta that is the TWi series, and now I can't get enough of your discussions of all things micro. For graduate students like myself, keeping up with the scientific literature can all too easily become just a means for cramming information into our brains that we feel we "should" know. Not only do your shows keep my mind stimulated and expose me to scientific papers that I might not otherwise read, but the informal and enthusiastic nature of the programs are just the slap in the face I need to crawl out from under the stack of papers, and remind me that I actually love to learn about science and to think about the various implications that a particular finding or result might have. After listening to your conversational discussion format and your fantastic insights that tie together the biology of the organism (or virus – are viruses organisms?) with the environment, host, experimental techniques etc., I am finding new clarity in the way that I think about scientific problems and evaluate scientific papers. I can't commend you enough for what you do. Formal presentations of scientific findings are a dime a dozen - listening to world-class scientists "chat" amongst themselves about current topics in microbiology is an invaluable resource that few people really ever get a chance to do, until now. THANK YOU!
On a scientific note, I was recently listening to TWIM #43 and your discussion on the stable formation of caveolae in in E. coli. It was mentioned that it had previously been thought that stable caveolae formation in eukaryotic cells requires cholesterol, to which Michael replied that "there is [no cholesterol] in our friends the bacteria". Although this was and is true in the context of E. coli and the paper's findings, I think it is worth pointing out that there are several described examples of free cholesterol and cholesterol-containing glycolipids in bacterial outer membranes – namely in Helicobacter, Mycoplasma, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Brachyspira, and Borrelia species. In Borrelia burgdorferi, cholesterol containing compounds have been shown to form organized lipid rafts both in culture and in animal-derived organisms, with physical properties similar to that in eukaryotic membranes. A recent paper published in PLOS Pathogens in January of 2013 utilized fluorescent and radiolabeled cholesterol to demonstrate that B. burgdorferi extracts cholesterol from the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells, and that prokaryotic cholesterol-glycolipids can be transferred to epithelial cell membranes through both a contact dependent mechanism (using direct attachment) and a contact independent method (through released outer membrane vesicles). I highly recommend looking in to this story (maybe as a TWIM topic?), as it provides a shift in the thinking about lipid rafts, expanding their biological relevance to prokaryotes, and could have implications for the evolution of the eukaryotic cell membrane structure. Additionally, transfer of antigenic lipids from bacteria to host cells could play a role in pathogenesis - having multiple consequences for the host immune response and potentially contributing to heightened inflammation, and perhaps even direct targeting of the cells themselves by immune effectors. I've provided the citations and Pubmed link
s to a few papers on the B. burgdorferi story below, but also recommend digging into the story for H. pylori.
I've rambled enough for now, I should run – I've got to get to iTunes to write a good review or two…
LaRocca TJ, Crowley JT, Cusack BJ, Pathak P, Benach J, et al. (2010) Cholesterol lipids of Borrelia burgdorferi form lipid rafts and are required for the bactericidal activity of a complement-independent antibody. Cell Host Microbe 8: 331–342. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951967/
Crowley JT, Toledo AM, LaRocca TJ, Coleman JL, London E, et al. (2013) Lipid Exchange between Borrelia burgdorferi and Host Cells. PLoS Pathog 9(1): e1003109. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326230
Jennie writes:
Jennie Williams (RN) here - I've just seen something from Medscape that I thought you'd be delighted to know. An offering of clinical guidance on a successful recipe for Fecal Transplantation (bio-transplantation) for C difficile. Historical background on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and a picture of success beyond C Dif to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), idiopathic constipation as well. Fecal Transfer appears to work for C Dif that relapses as well.
Aside from fairly direct fecal transfers - this synthetic poo is described:
Elaine O. Petrof, MD, assistant professor, Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada, and colleagues created the human synthetic stool mixture by culturing the stool microbial diversity of a healthy 41-year-old woman and brewing a mixture of 33 different intestinal bacteria isolates in pure culture. They named the synthetic stool mixture RePOOPulate.
The bacterial mixture was infused into the colon of 2 patients in their 70s, both of whom were infected with a hypervirulent strain of C difficile, ribotype 078, and who had failed at least 3 courses of antibiotic therapy.
Both patients returned to normal bowel patterns in 2 or 3 days and remained symptom-free for 6 months. At that time, rRNA sequences representing the RePOOPulate mixture made up 25% of the gut bacterial population.
This link should get you to the right place.
Thank you once again for making the world safe for microbiota Vince and friends!
Yours with warmest regards
Nate writes:
Hi my name is Nate. I am a senior in high school aspiring to become a microbiologist. I heard about this podcast through a class I took on biotechnology and have been listening for about 2 months. I really enjoy it and the other two shows even if I don't quite understand everything you talk about, but I grasp most things. So a few weeks ago I attended a biotechnology summer academy for high school students where we study one certain topic for three weeks with a professor at the college it was at. My subject was about the microbes that make up the stromatolites in the Great Salt Lake and why it's important that we understand it. I learned that they are made of Cyanobacteria and certain types of archea. The Cyanobacteria don't really make sense because they don't have a very high salinity tolerance, especially as high as the GSL which is 33% at parts of the lake. But yet they are there. I also learned that the rock is formed by the waste of the microbes which is calcium carbonate. These rocks have the potential to help with global warming. I'm not saying that I agree with the idea of global warming or not, but it is happening a little bit. So that brings up the question, Can we harvest and "grow" these rocks in a lab until they are big enough to put into the wild to "catch" some of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? I would like to hear your input on this subject as I didn't have a lot of time at the academy to study it. Thanks
[I asked Hazel Barton, here is her reply]
Actually this is a pretty good question and a number of folks have thought
about microbial CO2 sequestration in just this way.
Many of the carbonate rock deposits (limestone) from about 360+ million
years ago were formed during high periods of CO2, and we believe the CO2
was sequestered as rock by microbial activity. It dropped the atmospheric
CO2 levels and preserved it in a form that is obviously stable over
geologic time scales.
The problem we have today is the ion. To precipitate CO2 as carbonate,
you need a divalent ion. In the ancient oceans, there was plenty of
calcium around, so it was deposited as calcium carbonate (limestone).
Unfortunately, that easy source of calcium has been exhausted, so the
problem comes in generating the ion for the carbonate to precipitate. It
takes quite a bit of energy to do synthetically, so there's no net loss of
greenhouse gases. If someone could come up with a handy ion, generated
from a more passive process (such as decomposition in garbage), then we
could certainly sequester CO2 this way.
A good PhD project!
The stromatolite question is quite a bit more complicated and has to do
with the saturation index of carbonates in seawater when the CO2 levels
drop (from photosynthesis) - I can elaborate on that more if you need, but
the ion is still problematic.
Jim writes:
Hi guys,
This Google Plus community knocks off socks when just skimming through the photos/captions! Don't want anyone to overlook it.
Smithfield, VA
Robert writes:
In TWIM #60 @1:06:23 Michael Schmidt suggests that glucose for fermentation from biomass is a necessary step in production of fuel ethanol. Fuel ethanol and other low molecular weight compounds can also be produced by autotrophic anaerobic fermentation of syngas. Syngas is a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen produced by pyroclastic treatment of a wide variety of organic material including ligno-cellulose, recycled tires, sewage sludge, and natural gas or methane. These reactions have been studied for many years and are being commercialized by Coskata. www.coskata.com.
Never underestimate the ability of microbes to scrounge a living from nearly any environment with water and energy available.
Jesse writes:
Hello TWiM team! Thank you for the hours of entertainment and education you provide. I have a somewhat morbid question for you that's fairly random--I forget what inspired it exactly--but it has been bugging me: normally when an animal dies, it decays, but what happens if that animal is totally free from all microbes? So, what happens if a germ-free mouse dies in a sterile environment and no one disposes of it for a while? Does it decay somehow, or just dry out maybe?
Thanks again for all you do,
Kelly writes:
I'm reeling from this episode!! The symbiosis, the web of life, the energies, chemicals, organisms of
evolutionary progression shaping our world naturally and by human intervention with unknown consequences, then you all tie it to the brain microbiome alterations affecting behavior! Yes!!!
A recent quote from a researcher says soon we'll call our immune system the bacterial interaction system!
Yes! The microbes rule our world and us. God is bug. Oh the heresy!
This is what we see with inflammation therapy…bugs rule even if you can't culture them with Koch's postulates.
I have a Talmudic question:
If most alphaproteobacteria are phototrophic, and the brain doesn't get sunshine, does vitamin D endocrine system dysregulation have an effect on their population in the brain?
Vitamin D hormone transcribes the AMPs to balance our bugs. https://chronicillnessrecovery.org/images/stories/How_Vitamin_D_Metabolism_Affects_Autoimmune_and_Inflammatory_Diseases2.pdf
Why we use olmesartan to correct vitamin D dysregulation.
Angiotensin and Systems Thinking: Wrapping Your Mind Around the Big Picture
thank you!!
[the following email was sent to TWiP but I think TWiM listeners will like it]
Joe writes:
Vince and Dickson,
Here is a follow up on your biofuels question. To make fuels from crops succeed we need a biotech breakthrough that I really thought someone would have done already. Basically we need a bug that eats cellulose and converts it back to sugar so you can ferment it. Personally, I think there is a Nobel Prize in it for the group that creates an e. coli strain that converts cellulose to sugars. Once you have that, then you can feed the farm animals the corn and run your tractor on the corn stalks! Or you could use hay or grass clips or wood chips or waste paper, whatever is available cheaply. Until we get that bug, ethanol from corn will just be a niche technology.
People will keep pushing to use corn crops or other high sugar crops to make fuel, but the economics are not good and the lost opportunity costs are too high. Look how the modest current efforts in the USA have pushed up food prices and still required government subsidies to be competitive. No doubt there is a listener out there with lots of arguments for how great ethanol from corn is but I don't see anything like the margin needed to make it a viable market changing crude oil substitute.
I will show my age and tell you that as a senior chemical engineering design project in 1980 at Purdue, we looked at how to convert crop waste materials (like corn stalks) into fuel and it wasn't pretty. The only real way to break down the cellulose was to grind it up and treat it with hot fuming sulfuric acid in big reactors. Fuming sulfuric is 98% concentrated acid that is saturated with sulfur trioxide gas, brute force chemistry for sure! As I remember, you could get pretty good conversion of the cellulose, but the ugly part was separating the good stuff from all the waste acid and the non reactive lignin. Once you got all the acid out of the good stuff, then you still had to ferment the sugars. It is not surprising that you don't see anybody running this process to make fuel! We need a biotech solution to break down the cellulose without all the mess. I think folks were looking at the microbes in termites' stomachs as a place to start., but I have not heard of any progress on this in several years.
I will add that biofuels are not the only option for our fuel supply. For the past 100 years, we have had repeated dramatic reports that we are about to run out of oil and yet it never seems to happen! I remember a particularly detailed one in Scientific American about 10-15 years ago with beautiful graphs and everything. Each time the trumpets of doom sound, some smart engineer or geologist comes up with a new way to extract more oil. I don't see any reason why this trend will suddenly stop this time, we still have lots of tar sands, deep oil, and shale oil that have not been touched. Please note that I am not expressing a political view on the social correctness of these options just the technical aspects. Even more impressive are the reported quantities of frozen methane hydrate clathrates on the ocean floor that would likely be fairly easy to extract. Some estimates are that there is more than 10 times the amount of energy stored there than in all the oil we have ever used. Obviously none of these fossil fuels address the CO2 generation concerns that many people have.
Wind, solar, hydro and even nuclear power all have their places and I hope their niches keep growing as the technology improves, but nothing comes close to competing with chemical energy as a cheap, portable, high density source of energy. One just needs to look at biology to see the truth of this; plants fix the suns energy into chemical forms that then cascade through the food chain ever evolving into more complex forms. How cool is that!
Thanks for helping me stretch my brain each week! Thus ends "This Week in Chemical Engineering"!
Warmest Regards,
Joe Griebstein
EH&S Manager, LSG
Robin writes:
How about phage fossils?
Now that we know that phages have an apparently symbiotic relationship with mammals, is it too farfetched to imagine that some phages were once incorporated into - and expressed - in metazoa?
One line of research might be a search for such fossil sequences in the genomic databases that already exist. Perhaps someone is already doing it?
The reference to salicylates in my last email was prompted by Dr. Schacter's comment that methyl salicylate reminded him of acetylsalicylic acid, and to show how the acetyl group was important in the clinical effects of the latter.
Thanks for such thought-provoking and paradigm-shifting discussions!
Don writes:
I was intrigued by the comments on the antimicrobial effects of Cu, having used silver sutures in contaminated cases in the 60s. It struck me that an easy and cheap test would be to copper plate [which uses very little ] the door .faucet and toilet handles in an ICU and see if the Hospital acquired infections changed. This is fairly low tech requiring a screwdriver, a auto battery and some CuSO4 [root killer.] or could be done by many firms who do it commercially. Thanks for the really good podcast
zowawih writes:
Hi, I am a big fan of your great education/entertaining programs. I would like to suggest Vincent to invite experts in antimicrobial resistant bacteria in his newly launched TWiM program. This problem is very serious and thus the WHO themed their day with the antibiotic resistance issue. Likewise the CDC chose a week on September last year to address the devastating health related issue. Inviting Experts and pioneers in this field will highlight and explain queries.
Chris writes:
I recall hearing about a bacterial contamination of cantaloupe years ago, which is when I started to wash them in soapy water before slicing.
Of course, I try to follow the rules. We actually cut meat products on the counter between the stove and sink, and the rest on the kitchen island to prevent cross contamination. Often I will prep for cooking by cutting the veggies on a dishwasher proof cutting board on the island, put them in bowls and set aside. Then move the cutting board to the counter, cut the meat and either put it in the bowl or the pan. Then put the cutting board in the dishwasher, set the knife to be hand washed next o the sink. Then cooking is quicker because I have everything ready, using a food safe mise a place.
The other day I was watching an old cooking show with Julia Child. I just about gagged when I saw the other chef she was working with put an herb stuffing between the breast and skin, and then reach over to pick up salt from a bowl with his fingers without washing his hands or using a spoon!
I have a TWiM idea from watching cooking shows, especially one that showed all of the varieties of salt: pink salt, which gets its color from an extremophile bacteria (a tidbit I want to share at the local upscale kitchen store when I get a chance!). Oh, cool, just checking the halophile wiki, I learned they are essential for some fermented foods like soy sauce, sauerkraut, anchovies, etc: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halophile
Frank writes:
First: Thanks for making a career of TWI-Podcasts! A great service and an entertaining and educational format.
In TWIM #1 you reviewed the antibacterial properties of copper and it's potential for control of MRSA compared to other methods being pursued. While the science of antibiotic mechanisms is fascinating, we may be blinded by the technology instead of understanding the logic of the problem. The references below are a few of the many showing (not surprisingly) that the people who spend their days around hospitals are the reservoirs for MRSA. Anywhere from 6% to 21% of healthcare workers (in this case anyone working in a hospital) have been shown to carry MRSA in their nares. This is higher than the rate in incoming patients. Remove the reservoirs and control is much easier!
While we are great at technical solutions, we are close to powerless at social, particularly politically social solutions. It would seem that a major reduction could be achieved through regular testing of healthcare workers (<$10 & <24hrs) to identify carriers, their removal from patient care, treatment with mupirocin (I believe topically) and return to patient care. Hospitals object to the cost of testing although as carriage rates decrease so would costs. Unions object to the potential unpaid removal from work during treatment as well as the treatment cost.
Doctors generally refuse to be tested, even for hepatitis or HIV. Despite the enormous monetary cost of MRSA to hospitals and to our overall healthcare system, plus the unnecessary deaths, our society insists that "magic bullet" pharmaceuticals and antibacterial hardware are the only way to solve this problem. Pogo had it right about "the enemy".
Thanks again for the education and entertainment. Vincent and your TWIV, TWIP, TWIM teams are an exceptionally bright spot in scientific education!
Best regards,
Frank Shinneman,
Prevalence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization among Healthcare Professionals in an Urban Teaching Hospital infection control and hospital epidemiology june 2010, vol. 31, no. 6
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Emergency Department Personnel Annals of Emergency Medicine, Volume 52, No. 5: November 2008, p.525 – 531
Incidence and Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage Among Healthcare Workers in Geriatric Departments: Relevance to Preventive Measures INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Vol. 24 No. 6, p.456-458
How Often Do Asymptomatic Healthcare Workers Cause Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreaks? A Systematic Evaluation infection control and hospital epidemiology october 2006, vol. 27, no. 10
Successful Control of Widespread Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection in a Large Teaching Hospital in The Netherlands infection control and hospital epidemiology august 2007, vol. 28, no. 8


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Abu Saeed Hostel
Abu Saeed Hadj's Hostel was built about 350 years ago, and served as a house for a family of that time.
The family arrived in Nazareth about 500 years ago from Jordan. The name 'Haj' was given to them because they made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem on their way to Nazareth.
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
Hostel Facilities & Policies
- Air Conditioning
- Breakfast not included
- Card phones
- Common Room
- Credit Cards Accepted
- Currency exchange
- Fax Service
- Free City Maps
- Free Parking
- Free Wifi
- Hair Dryers
- Hot Showers
- Kitchen
- Linen Included
- Luggage Storage
- Mini Supermarket
- No Curfew
- Outdoor Terrace
- Parking
- Pet Friendly
- Reading Light
- Safety Deposit Box
- Tea/Coffee Making Facilities
- Towels Included
- Washing Machine
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 1 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
Located Near
The hostel is located near the Annunciation church in the old market of Nazareth city. We are located in the old region called, Old City of Nazareth. We have the most famous landmarks all around our hostel, and special brouchurs with exciting attractions, special events in the city and tours for all around the exotic city. We have divine resteraunts with authentic medditeranian food, beautiful settings and the taste of culture in every place you visit.


text:
This is a 16" x 20" oil painting on canvas. I used this painting as a demonstration for my oil painting class that I teach at a local recreation center. I furnish each student with the same, 8" x 10", reference photo, and they paint along with me, as I explain the operations as I perform them.
Here is my painting:
"Desert Wash"...16" x 20" oil on canvas
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text:
La Vie Est Belle Perfume
By Lancome for Women
La Vie Est Belle Perfume by Lancome, From the iconic house of lancã´me comes a succulently sweet scent for women, la vie est belle . Launched in 2012, this fragrance is designed specifically for the woman who lives life by the sentiment found in its name, "life is beautiful." this sweetly simple yet decadent scent opens with juicy pear and blackcurrant. Its heart features rich notes of jasmine and orange blossoms that descend into a base of yummy praline. Wear it whenever you want to create a ... Read More ... Read More cheery mood wherever you go. All products are original, authentic name brands. We do not sell knockoffs or imitations.
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About Lancome
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Customer Comments
I placed an order and it went very well. I got the product in good shape and love the way fragrancx.com works.
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REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
- Great smell (55)
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Most Liked Positive Review
The most chic, sensual perfume ever!
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I am so happy of my first purchase on FragranceX.com, order received in just 4 days from USA to France, thank you for your serious. This fragrance is so feminine and sexy, sensual, modern, chic! It's very long lasting on the skin and much more on clothes.... Almost every day somebody ask for the name of my perfume and compliment it.I am feeling very special when I wear it, this fragrance is just addictive to me, the best perfume I 've never had in my life, so much pleasure to wear it everydays, a wonderful smell.....
Most Liked Negative Review
just ok fragrene not special.
Really surprised! Expected better.expected it to last.somdayi will give it a!!nother try.I know its not one of my favorites! I love the name tho.
Really surprised! Expected better.expected it to last.somdayi will give it a!!nother try.I know its not one of my favorites! I love the name tho.
Reviewed by 72 customers
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- Clean & Fresh
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Long-Lasting
- Not Overpowering
- Sensual
- Expensive but worth it
Best Uses
- Daily Use
- Evening Use
- Special Occasions
Comments about La Vie Est Belle By Lancome:
I have bought this product before and had lots of compliments!
- Fragrance Type:
- Floral, Fresh/Aquatic
- Great Smell
- Great Value
- Long-Lasting
- Sexy
- Have To Pay Taxes T
- Too Expensive
Best Uses
- Evening Use
- Special Occasions
Comments about La Vie Est Belle By Lancome:
I bought this amazing parfum, because I was totally in love whit the frangance, I just have a longgggg waiting time to finally have it whit me, I ordered 2months ago and I today I received the product... Kind of sad I had to pay taxes for the Italy costumers for allow the entrance in the country I think it will be better if frangancex make you note this procedures and the fact you will have to pay once the product arrive in your country.
Anyways the product is awesome, I bought a tester and arrives me whit a original box and everything perfect.
- Fragrance Type:
- Citrus/Fruity, Floral
- Beautiful Bottle
- Best Yet
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Long-Lasting
- Makes An Entrance
- Sensual
- Sexy
- Pricey / Poor Value
- Too Expensive
Best Uses
- Anytime
- Daily Use
- Evening Use
- Signature Fragrance
- Special Occasions
- Wear always
Comments about La Vie Est Belle By Lancome:
I collect perfume. I smelled it on my sister in law one night and it was fabulous. I had to have it. I have one signature scent and i have put it aside since. I Wear it daily. It makes an entrance believe me. I prefer the parfum. I love everything about it. I have gotten so many compliments, every time I wear it. The scent stays on your clothes.
Only that its a bit costly and I buy it wholesale when I can get a bargain. Buy it you will not regret it.
- Fragrance Type:
- Floral, Oriental/Spicy
- Great Smell
- Great Value
- Long-Lasting
- Sensual
- Sexy
Best Uses
- Daily Use
- Evening Use
Comments about La Vie Est Belle By Lancome:
Lasts all day, absolutely love the scent!
- Fragrance Type:
- Citrus/Fruity
- Great Smell
- Long-Lasting
Best Uses
- Anytime
Comments about La Vie Est Belle By Lancome:
The experience was great just my item took a week before getting shipped which made some delay for me.
- Fragrance Type:
- Citrus/Fruity, Floral, Fresh/Aquatic, Herbal, Oriental/Spicy, Powdery, Woody/Earthy
Displaying reviews 1-5
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text:
Alok Nath
31 Alok Nath Articles
Alok Nath remembers Gandhi director Richard Attenborough2 months ago 0
The actor had made his debut with the late director's iconic film. Read on to know more... Richard Attenborough, the actor, director passed away on… Read Article ▶
Richard Attenborough's demise shocks and upsets the Indian film fraternity2 months ago 0
The late director-actor won several accolades for his directorial classic Gandhi starring Sir Ben Kingsley Paying tributes to late Oscar-winning… Read Article ▶
Why does Alok Nath not have a wife in any show?3 months ago 0
The veteran actor is presently seen playing the role of bauji in Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai Alok Nath has been playing father characters (Babuji/Bauji)… Read Article ▶
Ranveer Singh bonds with Alok Nath on the sets of Kill Dil!3 months ago 0
The senior actor will play a youthful character in Ranveer's next Alok Nath has been going places with his new found fame. After doing a cool rap… Read Article ▶
Yogen Shah
Bigg Boss 8: Salman Khan better host than Akshay Kumar, say fans!3 months ago 0
The Kick actor has whizzed ahead of the Khiladi Kumar, as fans still want the former to host Bigg Boss 8 In a recent poll, we asked you, of Salmaan… Read Article ▶
Exclusive: Bigg Boss to come out early this year – Find out more details!3 months ago 0
We have got some inside scoops about Bigg Boss 8. Read on to find out more... Everyone has been waiting with bated breath for India's most… Read Article ▶
Alok Nath performs his 1000th Kanyadaan in Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai4 months ago 0
Everyone's most beloved sanskari babuji is all set to make a record of sorts Alok Nath has gained popularity for doing Kanyadaans, but this one for… Read Article ▶
Poonam Pandey thanks her fans for the jokes on her4 months ago 0
The sexy siren is grabbing eyeballs on Twitter Controversial model-actor Poonam Pandey grabbed attention on microblogging platform Twitter, courtesy… Read Article ▶
Poonam Pandey turns sanskari for Alok Nath – view pic!4 months ago 0
Before you jump to any conclusions, let us tell the Nasha actor has gone desi only on Twitter and not otherwise 26 June will go down in the history… Read Article ▶
After Arjun Kapoor, sanskari babuji Alok Nath joins Twitter!4 months ago 0
The man who was catapulted to fame on twitter because of the innumerable jokes on his onscreen avatar, has finally come on the same platform Arjun… Read Article ▶
Alok Nath: I think Comedy Nights with Kapil opened a lot of doors for me4 months ago 0
The veteran actor is thrilled about his new venture and his comic role After playing Babuji for years, Alok Nath is finally playing a different… Read Article ▶
What happened when Alok Nath met the man behind Babuji jokes?4 months ago 0
The veteran actor claims that you cannot easily put a finger as to how and when these things start, but he now has an idea When asked about the… Read Article ▶
Sanskari Alok Nath to play babuji again in Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai4 months ago 0
The veteran actor has been in the lime light ever since his sanskari and kanyadaan jokes hit the social media and now he is all set to play the same… Read Article ▶
Alok Nath: I am not doing Bigg Boss4 months ago 0
Despite speculation, the senior actor denies being approached by the channel for the reality show Ever since Alok Nath's 'kanyaadan' jokes and… Read Article ▶
Alok Nath Bigg Boss 8′s first contestant?5 months ago 0
If the recent reports are anything to go by then Alok, who became a butt of jokes on Twitter might be in the glass walled house this season While… Read Article ▶
More Alok Nath


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FlashWhat's New Now
- A Scrumptious Pumpkin Cheesecake for Halloween 14 hours ago
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- Milk: Maybe Not As Great for Your Bones as You Think? 15 hours ago
Marathon Training Essentials Real Women Swear ByReal women swear by these for their first or their
Healthy Snacks: 9 New Addictive Popcorns to TryIt's crunchy. It's a whole grain (fiber!). And it's deliciously
Do this routine twice pre-WOD to prime muscles.
Stand with feet hip-width apart, arms overhead. Lunge forward with left foot so left thigh is parallel to floor, knee over ankle, right knee touching floor (as shown). Return to standing for 1 rep; repeat on opposite side, traveling forward. Continue, alternating sides. Do 20 reps.


text:
Research Project: Pediatric residency education in adolescent medicine
Research Mentors: Constance D. Baldwin, Ph.D., Cheryl Kodjo, M.D., M.P.H., Rachael H. Phelps, M.D., Laura P. Shone, M.S.W., Dr.P.H.
Research Project: Etonogestrel implants in adolescents: experience, bleeding pattern and discontinuation rate
Research Mentors: Cheryl Kodjo, M.D., M.P.H., Richard E. Kreipe, M.D., Olle Jane Z. Sahler, M.D., Susan Yussman, M.D., M.P.H.
Research Project: Successful interventions of Rochester Youth Violence Partnership (RYVP) through qualitative interviews
Research Mentors: C. Andrew Aligne, M.D., M.P.H., Richard E. Kreipe, M.D., Scott McIntosh, Ph.D., Michael A. Scharf, M.D., Laura P. Shone, M.S.W., Dr.P.H.
Taylor B. Starr, D.O., M.P.H.
Research Project: Communicating with adolescents: web-based curriculum for providers
Research Mentors: Richard E. Kreipe, M.D., Constance D. Baldwin, Ph.D., Laura P. Shone, M.S.W., Dr.P.H., Judith Fonzi, Ph.D.
Research Project: Resilience in adolescents with cancer: impact of cyberspace
Research Mentors: Robert G. Holloway, M.D., M.P.H., David N. Korones, M.D., Olle Jane Z. Sahler, M.D.
Research Project: Emergency contraception/medical abortion knowledge and access
Research Mentors: Susan "Shellie" Yussman, M.D., M.P.H., David M. Siegel, M.D., M.P.H., Rachael H. Phelps, M.D., Jonathan D. Klein, M.D., M.P.H.
Links for Fellows
Life in Rochester
Department Research
Our Facilities
Diversity @ UR
Golisano Children's Hospital Annual Report
Fellowship Newsletter
Visit our page on Facebook!
Adolescent Medicine
Clinical Services, Golisano Children's Hospital
Division Home, Department of Pediatrics


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Galeries Lafayette & Bergdorf Goodman windows, Paris, New York City
Posts Tagged 'paris'
Galeries Lafayette & Bergdorf Goodman windows, Paris, New York CityApril 23rd, 2014
Tom Greyhound boutique by Architecture & Associés, Paris – FranceApril 17th, 2014
JWT Headquarters by Mathieu Lehanneur, Paris – FranceApril 16th, 2014
Butterfly fashion window design trend, worldwideApril 10th, 2014
celio* On the Road windows at Champs Elysees by Clément Delbes, ParisApril 3rd, 2014
Marcha Ballerina shoe stand by Bilgoray PoznerMarch 27th, 2014
Galeries Lafayette windows 2014, ParisMarch 27th, 2014
Hermès colorful windows March 2014, ParisMarch 26th, 2014
MaPharmacie drugstore by José Lévy, ParisMarch 20th, 2014
Reflective surfaces and bright lights illuminate the space to create a more lively, almost arcade-like, setting. The stockroom at the rear of the shop, is separated by a plant wall to symbolize the role of a shaman in the rainforest. Various colorful tiling on the floor, is anything but your standard white, and features green marble from Guatemala.
POP-UP STORES! Fendi Baguettemania at Printemps, ParisMarch 2nd, 2014
LANVIN windows installations 2014 Spring, ParisFebruary 28th, 2014
John Lobb windows by Stéphanie Moisan, ParisFebruary 27th, 2014
Fendi Spring/Summer 2014 windows, New York, Paris, Milan, LondonFebruary 26th, 2014
Welton London boutique by John Paul-Welton, Paris – FranceFebruary 24th, 2014
Azzedine Alaïa exhibit at Palais Galliera, Paris – FranceFebruary 11th, 2014
For the occasion of the Palais Galliera's reopening exhibition devoted to Tunisian-born, Paris-based Azzedine Alaïa, the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris will have the couturier's work on show in an emblematic room, the Salle Henri Matisse, accompanied by work of this Neo-impressionist painter from the permanent collection.
Tomek Wozniak's Burger Kitchen restaurant, Warsaw – PolandFebruary 10th, 2014
Gucci Christmas windows, ParisJanuary 28th, 2014
FURNITURE SHOWROOMS! Habitat 1964 store, Paris – FranceJanuary 17th, 2014
While the first exhibits carefully sourced furniture pieces and homewares from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s in a spacious warehouse, the latter occupies a separate building, showcasing apparel items and accessories from its very own contemporary fashion archives, in addition to pieces from merging designers and select design objects.


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Cathouse Saturdays
DJs Eric and Muppet offer classic and current rock on level one, while DJ Billy and Framie belt out emo and metal on level two.
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Wenger Legacy 15.6" Checkpoint Friendly Double Gusset Attache Style Top Load Case, Black
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The Legacy Airport Friendly Top Load Double Gusset Laptop Case from Wenger is a user friendly case, ideal for mobile consumer with all of the key features. The double gusset feature allows you to store your files, peripherals and laptop comfortably. The Checkpoint Friendly Design simplifies your travels by allowing your laptop to stay in its case during airport security screening. To ensure laptop protection, the SWISSGUARD Protection system includes continuous triple layer foam shielded corners and increases shock absorption. With soft grip padded handles and tear Resistant Shoulder Strap, this case is an ideal solution for professionals on the go.
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NDSU MPH visits with representives of Kagoshima University
Published: 07 May 2014
Dean Charles Peterson, Katsunori Takeuchi, Don Warne, Dr. Yoshizane Maeda, Carla Gross Charles Peterson, NDSU Dean of College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, Don Warne, NDSU MPH...
MPH student Jamie Holding Eagle selected as delegate to Salone del Gusto and Terra Madre
Published: 07 May 2014
Jamie Holding Eagle, NDSU MPH student, has been chosen to serve as a delegate to Slow Food USA's
Warne elected to the American Medical Association Minority Affairs Section
Published: 30 April 2014
Dr. Donald Warne is currently the Association of American Indian Physicians delegate to the American Medical Association (AMA). Recently, Warne received notice that he's been elected to the AMA...
Warne and Frizzell publish in American Journal of Public Health
Published: 22 April 2014
Drs. Warne and Frizzell have published a peer-reviewed journal titled American Indian Health Policy:...
Danielson and Wallenborn win people's choice award for HDE poster
Published: 22 April 2014
Ramona Danielson, MPH Research Analyst, and Jordyn Wallenborn, MPH graduate, received a People's Choices award for their poster titled: <link...
N.Dak. Senator helps pass NPHW resolution!
Published: 16 April 2014
A resolution was passed supporting the goals and ideals of National Public Health Week! Sen. Tom Udall, D-N.M. lead his co-sponsers Sens. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio; Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I.; Ben...
Photos from TMCC job fair
Published: 16 April 2014
Dr. Warne and Dr. Frizzell visited with students at the Turtle Mountain Community College Job Fair
Photos from National Public Health Week
Published: 14 April 2014
Danielson and Wallenborn to present at HDE Research Showcase
Published: 10 April 2014
The Human Development and Education Eighth Annual Research Showcase will be...
31 days left until the Fargo Marathon
Published: 10 April 2014
Mark Knutson speaks at NDSU during Public Health Week


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Use the tools below to refine your search by only displaying reviews with a certain number of star ratings or to only show reviews from a certain time period. Eg click on '1 star' to just display the reviews we have which received a 1 star rating click or 'Within the last month' to display just reviews posted over the last month.
Written on: 26/06/2009
The mercedes benz b class b150 is a good car… Read Full Review
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I personally think its the best value for money for a family car loads of room and also has a very high safty rating and it a Mercedes at the end of the day and it will never go wrong… Read Full Review
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" The Seat Toledo 1.9 TDi SE is a lovely car, looks good even 6 years... " Read More
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Oct 22
Business Dean Chat
All Siena Events
Search for programs by field of study or career paths.
The best way to experience Siena College is to visit and see it for yourself.
Siena College is more than a liberal arts college, it is a learning community that prepares students for a successful life filled with compassion and drive, service and responsibility. Here, we believe that making a good living and living a good life go hand in hand. And we prove, over and over again, that an education like the one you receive at Siena comes along once in a lifetime. Welcome.
Siena's 20 centers and institutes bring together faculty, students and the community to share knowledge, research and a deep commitment to understanding the world around us.
From the Franciscan Tradition: "Every creature has its own integrity, is true and good … beautiful and well-ordered." St. Bonaventure, Breviloquium, II, 1:4 Learn more


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Industry Placement (BUSS6500)
This unit is available to outstanding students completing the Master of Commerce, Master of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations, Master of Logistics Management, Master of Professional Accounting or Master of Transport Management program. It involves a professional placement with a business, government, or non-government organisation. It will include preparatory coursework in reflective, professional practice and report writing. Assessment will include a reflective journal and professional report and presentation based on the internship placement.
Our courses that offer this unit of study
- Graduate Certificate in Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations
- Graduate Diploma in Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations
- Master of Commerce
- Master of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations
- Master of Logistics Management
- Master of Professional Accounting
- Master of Transport Management
Further unit of study information
Wks 1-3: 1x 3hrs pre-placement workshops; Wks 4-12: 3 ¿ days a week internship; Wk 13: presentation.
learning contract (0%), reflective journal (20%), presentation (15%), and research report (65%)
Faculty/department permission required?
Unit of study rules
Prerequisites and assumed knowledge
8 units with a WAM of 65%
Study this unit outside a degree
Non-award/non-degree study
If you wish to undertake one or more units of study (subjects) for your own interest but not towards a degree, you may enrol in single units as a non-award student.Find a non-award course for this unit of study
Cross-institutional study
If you are from another Australian tertiary institution you may be permitted to underake cross-institutional study in one or more units of study at the University of Sydney.Find a cross-institutional course for this unit of study


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Town Square
Fremont Bank to mark 50th anniversary with Fairgrounds fireworks
Original post made on Aug 28, 2014
Read the full story here Web Link posted Thursday, August 28, 2014, 7:39 AM
Comments (2)
a resident of Country Fair
on Aug 28, 2014 at 10:26 am
What a great way to share with the community. Thank you Fremont Bank!
a resident of Birdland
on Sep 3, 2014 at 8:01 am
Fremont Bank is a wonderful bank! Generous supporters of the community. Thank you Fremont Bank!
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Vote YES on Measures 45, 46, & 47, NO on 48
By Roz Rogoff | 30 comments | 2,133 views
Prop 47: not perfect, just preferable.
By Tom Cushing | 2 comments | 844 views
The Vranesh situation heads to court
By Tim Hunt | 7 comments | 652 views


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Introduction to Mathematical Optimization: From Linear Programming to Metaheuristics
Cambridge International Science Publishing, Jan 1, 2008 - Mathematics - 150 pages
This book strives to provide a balanced coverage of efficient algorithms commonly used in solving mathematical optimization problems. It covers both the convectional algorithms and modern heuristic and metaheuristic methods. Topics include gradient-based algorithms such as Newton-Raphson method, steepest descent method, Hooke-Jeeves pattern search, Lagrange multipliers, linear programming, particle swarm optimization (PSO), simulated annealing (SA), and Tabu search. Multiobjective optimization including important concepts such as Pareto optimality and utility method is also described. Three Matlab and Octave programs so as to demonstrate how PSO and SA work are provided. An example of demonstrating how to modify these programs to solve multiobjective optimization problems using recursive method is discussed.
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Norms and Hessian Matrices
RootFinding Algorithms
System of Linear Equations
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accelerated PSO ants approximate basic feasible solution basic variables canonical form cities coefficients colony optimization computational constraints convergence convex current best diagonal efficient eigenvalues eigenvector equation evaluations example extreme points Figure Gauss-Seidel iteration genetic algorithms global best global minimum global optimal gradient Hooke-Jeeves pattern search implementation increase inequalities initial guess inverse Iteration Methods iteration procedure Lagrange multipliers linear programming linear system locations maximize maximum metaheuristic metaheuristic methods minimization multiobjective optimization Newton's method non-basic variables non-dominated non-negative non-zero nonlinear norms number of iterations objective function objective function f(x optimal solution optimization problems parameter Pareto front Pareto optimal particle swarm optimization pheromone concentration random recursive route shown in Fig simplex method simulated annealing solve spectral radius square matrix stationary condition steepest descent method step swap Tabu list Tabu search temperature test function tion travelling salesman problem triangular matrix update utility function vector weighted sum zero


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Filed under: BK All Day,Features,Interviews,Non-Rapper Dudes,Not Your Average,The 80's Files
Written by: Robbie Ettelson
Bobby Simmons is best known as a member of Stetsasonic, the original "Hip-Hop Band," but during an extensive conversation with him last week he also shared some classic memories about Melle Mel trolling new rappers in the late 80's, a two-year stint as a DJ at the Latin Quarters and the escapades of Eric B. and Rakim's main muscle, the original 50 Cent. This is part one of a three part interview, so get comfortable…
Robbie: Did you study drumming at school?
Bobby Simmons: I self-taught myself drums, I was six years-old. My brother was in the music business too, he was a session guitarist for groups like Sister Sledge and Dan Hartman in the mid-70's, so I kinda self-taught myself listening to a lotta the records that he would play and trying to figure out the drum – what does what. The first record that I actually learned how to play – that took me from when I was six to when I was seven – was the Ohio Players. The drummer, Diamond, I was so fascinated how he played drums on 'Skin Tight' and 'Fire,' I wanted to learn to play how he played. The drum sounds were heavy, the snare was fat, the kick was fat, and Diamond used to do all this fast foot [work] on the pedal.
From there I played in my brothers local band and just kept myself active doing that. Deejaying also helped me how to play drums too, cos in the early 80's it helped me how to blend timings and beats, with the disco records and the Chuck Brown records and the James Brown records helped me keep great timing. Knowing how to keep timing and knowing what the kick and snare and the hi-hat do, I self-taught myself. I kinda wish I was taught and went to schooling to read for it, but my father took me to drumming school and I never went back. It was taking too long! "I wanna get to this part!" [laughs]


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Biotech Showcase™ 2015 Press Releases
News for Biotech Showcase™ 2015 will be available soon.
Biotech Showcase 2014 press releases
January 23, 2014Unprecedented Biotech Showcase™ 2014 attendance reflects investor appetite for biotech innovationOver 1,700 delegates attend investor conference in San Francisco
The sixth annual Biotech Showcase™ investor conference wrapped up last week in San Francisco with record attendance. The event, every January at Parc 55 Wyndham San Francisco - Union Square, is an investment weathervane for the biotech industry. "There was clearly significant momentum behind the conference this year. The event benefited from the up market for life sciences c... more ►
January 9, 2014Biotech Investing Strategies in 2014 is key topic bringing investors to San Francisco for Biotech Showcase™ 2014 next week, January 13 Innovative presenting companies comprising early stage and biotech are on the program for the sixth annual Biotech Showcase™ investor and partnering conference taking place in San Francisco next week. The event, held January 13–15 at Parc 55 Wyndham San Francisco - Union Square, already has 963 companies and 1,480 delegates attending, providing a forum for investors to ca... more ►
December 18, 2013Biotech Showcase™ program speakers have their fingers on the pulse of biotech Biotech Showcase™ investor and partnering conference returns to San Francisco for the sixth year. This established innovation showcase for life science investors will be held January 13–15, 2014 at Parc 55 Wyndham San Francisco - Union Square. The event draws executives representing top public and private biotech and life science companies and investors seeking new opport... more ►
November 21, 2013Sixth Annual Biotech Showcase™ returns to San Francisco January 13–15Event is annual investing and partnering benchmark for life science executives and investors
The sixth annual Biotech Showcase™ investor and partnering conference will be held January 13–15, 2014 in San Francisco, CA at Parc 55 Wyndham San Francisco - Union Square. The event is an established innovation showcase for life science investors. Executive-level delegates representing top public and private investment firms come with the single aim to partner with emerg... more ►
partnering360® Blog
October 30, 2014 Who can you meet with next week at BIO-Europe®? BIO-Europe® is quickly approaching. Next week, the life science partnering community will meet in Frankfurt. Gain insights from keynote speakers including Andreas Busch, Member, Executive Committee, Head, Global Drug Discovery at Bayer HealthCare; David Loew, Senior VP Commercial Operations,... more ►
October 28, 2014 Shifting models in life science partnering Ahead of BIO-Europe®, Susan Herbert, Executive VP for Global Business Development and Alliance Management at Merck Serono, sat down with our Insight team to discuss the new, evolving landscape that is partnering in the industry. Shifts include better communication and working with companies that... more ►
October 24, 2014 Insight into Antigen Express' immunotherapy Antigen Express is a company who uses their technology to promote immunotherapy to fight many cancers and develop vaccines so that the human body can defend itself. According to a recent article at Insight, their patented peptides are critical in developing immune responses. How does this therapy... more ►
October 23, 2014 Why did only a few European biotechs make it through the IPO window? Guest post from Steve Dickman, CEO, CBT Advisors. Originally posted to Boston Biotech Watch. If the recent falloff in biotech IPOs continues, then many European biotechs would seem to have missed the longest, widest IPO window in the history of the industry. Why did a few European biotechs manage... more ►
October 21, 2014 News from around BIO-Europe® With BIO-Europe just weeks away, many companies are have moved various products along the pipeline and many are seeing success in developing and moving drugs through pipelines: - Apricus Biosciences recently announced that Notice of Allowance for they have received U.S. Patent Application Serial... more ►
Latest headlines from partnering360:Insight
October 20, 2014 Merck Serono: FIT for partnering and playing with the home court advantage "We are interested in opportunities—spanning from promising drug candidates up to technology platforms—that will support our strategic business objectives, and strengthen our pipeline, our key franchises, and our geographic presence." more ►
October 17, 2014 Antigen Express advances immunotherapy Antigen Express is developing a novel way to boost the immune system, developing a therapeutic platform that can produce off-the-shelf, synthetic peptide vaccines for major diseases, including cancer, HIV, influenza, diabetes and, potentially, Ebola. more ►
October 17, 2014 Third Rock Ventures sees "renaissance of innovation in life sciences" A co-founder of Third Rock Ventures, Kevin Starr focuses on the development and business strategy of the portfolio companies, actively identifying and evaluating new investments. In March, 2013 the firm raised USD 516 million for its Fund III. Several new companies have since been launched and Starr said a further 14 companies will be formed, "most of which are already under consideration inside Third Rock, though we have not announced anything to the outside world yet." more ►
October 13, 2014 Accelerating drug discovery in Singapore creates global successes Building on a string of recent successes, a team from Singapore's Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) arrives in Frankfurt for BIO-Europe® 2014 looking for new opportunities in early stage co-discovery projects. more ►
October 11, 2014 Customized bio-IT solutions are not just for big pharma anymore BIO-Europe® 2014 in Frankfurt will see the soft launch for a bundled product-and-service called the MediSapiens Explorer Platform that brings to small and medium-sized biotechs and pharma companies a platform for managing and accessing massive data sets, and the tools to visualize it in scientist-friendly way. more ►


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Originally Posted by Little-Miss A bit of a depressing update but i know a few of you are Dexter fans.
Unfortunately the abscess has turned out to be cancerous. So its palliative care from now on. Could be weeks, could be months...I'm hoping he'll go in his sleep, don't fancy a one way Vet visit. :( So sorry to hear that...I hope he enjoys the time he has left and goes easily xx
So sorry to hear that :( you know were all here for you if you need us.
oh no - poor boy - How old is he by the way?
He's 3. He's got the usual small animal lifespan of 4-6 years.
Originally Posted by Little-Miss He's 3. He's got the usual small animal lifespan of 4-6 years. Not now he hasn't!!
Too soon! lol
Originally Posted by alan-d Not now he hasn't!!
:getmecoat: I thought it but didn't dare say it...


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Pet Food
Nutro Max Natural Chicken Meal & Rice Recipe Puppy Food 30 lb.$29.99
The Natural Nutrition Difference Natural ingredients, fortified with the required vitamins and minerals, truly make the difference. MAX® is naturally preserved – no artificial preservatives like BHA, BHT or ethoxyquin. We do not add artificial colors, flavors or sweeteners. MAX® uses whole grain wheat, wheat flour and rice; never any sorghum, ground corn, whole grain corn, corn meal or corn grits which can be more difficult to digest.
Real Chicken Protein The #1 ingredient in MAX® is chicken meal, made from real chicken with most of the water and fat removed. Additionally, we then add chicken to enhance the flavor your dog loves. MAX® never uses chicken heads, feet or intestines, which may be found in products containing chicken by-product meal.
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Pro Plan Sensitive Skin and Stomach Formula 20 LB$29.99
ProPlan® nutrition comes from a combination of high-quality ingredients. We begin with real salmon as the #1 ingredient. Real salmon provides high-quality protein, which helps support muscle mass for strength and provides energy. Wholesome grains, including rice and oat meal, are highly digestible sources of carbohydrates for energy and quality fiber sources to promote easy cleanup. We carefully select each and every ingredient for its nutritional value and to ensure it meets our strict quality standards. That's why you can be sure that your dog receives exceptional nutrition and flavor in every bowl. Guaranteed. There are three systems in the body that play a fundamental role in protecting your dog's overall health — the immune system, the digestive system, and skin and coat. Pro plan uses a combination of quality ingredients providing essential nutrients, high levels of protein, key vitamins and minerals, plus vital antioxidants to help nourish your dog's protective systems.
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High-quality protein along with essential vitamins and minerals help support a healthy heart.
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Calcium, phosphorus & other minerals help support strong bones and teeth. Plus, this formula helps reduce accumulation of plaque and tartar for overall dental health.
Skin & coat care
High levels of omega fatty acids to help keep skin moist and supple and the coat thick and shiny. Added zinc helps maintain healthy hair follicles.
Gentle ingredients
Highly digestible ingredients, including rice and oat meal, are gentle on the stomach and digestive tract.
Strong immune system
Complete nutrition with vital antioxidants and high levels of quality protein, including real salmon, to nourish the immune system.
Healthy digestive system
Formulated to help your dog receive optimal nutrition from the food with less going to waste. Glutamine helps nourish the digestive cells which promote a healthy gastrointestinal system.
Optimal weight
An optimal protein:fat ratio helps your dog maintain lean muscle mass and a healthy body condition, when fed appropriately.
Exceptional flavorLearn More
High-quality ingredients, beginning with real salmon as the #1 ingredient, for a taste dogs love.
Taste of the Wild Sierra Mountain Formula 15lb$25.99
A lamb protein, grain-free formula with sweet potatoes and peas provides highly digestible energy for your dog. Made with real roasted lamb, this formula offers a taste sensation like no other. Supplemented with fruits and vegetables, this formula delivers natural antioxidants to help give your friend a healthy lifestyle. Your dog craves a taste of the wild. Go ahead and give him one.Learn More
Iams ProActive Health Weight Control Large Breed Adult Dog Food 29.1 LB Bag 29940$31.99
Iams ProActive Health Weight Control is specially formulated with L-Carnitine to help return dogs ages 1+ and 50+ lbs to a healthier weight and keep them at their best.
Natural sources of Glucosamine support joint health. Protein sourced from chicken and egg helps build strong, firm muscles while antioxidants help maintain a strong immune system. Crunchy kibbles scrub your dog's teeth with every bite to help reduce plaque and tartar buildup that can lead to bad breath.
Vet recommended, this premium dog food is 100% complete and balanced, with no fillers or artificial preservatives. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Nutritional Information
Recommended For: Large or Giant breed dogs that are overweight or that have lower activity levels - 1 year and older
Calories: 3,398 kcal/kg, 333.9 kcal/cup
Feeding Guidelines
See Image for Table.
These guideline amounts are a starting point and your dog may need more food depending upon age, activity and temperament. In order to reach optimal body condition, you may need to adjust food intake. This represents the total recommended volume of food per day. You should divide the total recommended feeding amount by the number of times you feed your dog per day to get the actual portion size per feeding.
Remember to have clean, fresh water available for your dog at all times.
Because Iams ProActive Health Weight Control Large Breed is complete and balanced for adult dogs, you do not need to add vitamin or mineral supplements.
When introducing Iams Dog Food, gradually mix it with your dog's current food over the course of 4 days.
Guaranteed Analysis
Crude Protein minimum 20.0%
Crude Fat minimum 9.0%
Crude Fat maximum 11.5%
Crude Fiber maximum 5.0%
Moisture maximum 10.0%
L-Carnitine minimum 30 mg/kg*
Omega-6 Fatty Acids minimum 2.0%*
Omega-3 Fatty Acids minimum 0.13%*
Glucosamine minimum 350 mg/kg*
*Not recognized as an essential nutrient by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles. Iams ProActive Health Weight Control Large Breed Formula for Dogs is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles for Maintenance. Manufactured under U.S. Patent Nos. 5,616,569, 5,932,258, 6,204,291, 6,093,418 and 6,238,708; other U.S. and foreign patents pending.
IngredientsLearn More
Corn Meal, Chicken By-Product Meal (Natural source of Glucosamine), Ground Whole Grain Sorghum, Chicken, Ground Whole Grain Barley, Dried Beet Pulp, Chicken Flavor, Dried Egg Product, Chicken Fat (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Brewers Dried Yeast, Potassium Chloride, Salt, Dicalcium Phosphate, Caramel, Flax Meal, DL-Methionine, Choline Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Minerals (Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Oxide, Manganese Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Potassium Iodide, Cobalt Carbonate), Dried Chicken Cartilage (Natural source of Glucosamine), Vitamins (Vitamin E Supplement, Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin A Acetate, Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Thiamine Mononitrate (source of vitamin B1), Vitamin B12 Supplement, Niacin, Riboflavin Supplement (source of vitamin B2), Inositol, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (source of vitamin B6), Vitamin D3 Supplement, Folic Acid), L-Lysine Monohydrochloride, L-Tryptophan, L-Carnitine, Citric Acid, Rosemary Extract.
Hills Science Diet Mature Adult Active Longevity 20 Lb dog Food$27.99
Hill's Science Diet Mature Adult Active Longevity Original dog food provides precisely balanced nutrition to sustain mobility and muscle mass. It is made with high quality protein to maintain lean muscle and is enriched with Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulphate for healthy joints. It also has controlled levels of Sodium and Phosphorus for long-term vital organ health.Learn More
Hills Science Diet Canine Sensitive Stomach 17.5 Lb$29.99
If your dog has a sensitive stomach, feed him Science Diet® Sensitive Stomach dog food. It's specially formulated to help keep dogs feeling great and thriving. With high quality, easily digestible carbohydrates, it's gentle on your dog's stomach. The great taste as well as advanced digestive nutrition make it perfect for daily feeding. The superior antioxidant blend helps support your dog's immune system, too.Learn More
Nutro Natural Choice Senior Chicken, Brown Rice & Oatmeal Formula 15 Lb$29.99
- For dogs 5 years or older for a long and healthy life
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- Natural ingredients with added vitamins, minerals & taurine
- Helps clean teeth & freshen breath
- No chicken heads, feet or intestines
- Natural sources of Glucosamine & Chondroitin for healthy joints
- Premium Nutrition. Superior Performance.
Blue Buffalo Small Breed Adult Dogs Life Protection Formula Chicken & Brown Rice Recipe 15 LB$29.99
BLUE Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe for dogs is formulated with ingredients chosen specifically to help address their special needs. 6 LB bag.
Ingredient/Nutrient Helps Support Increased Protein Higher Energy Needs Unique "Small-Bite" Kibble Promotes Dental Health Omega 3 & 6 Fatty Acids Healthy Skin & Shiny Coat Vitamins & Chelated Minerals Immune Strength Fruits & Veggies Oxidative Balance
ProPlan Beef & Rice 35 Lb
Regular Price: $36.99
Special Price: $33.99
Made with wholesome Rice, an easily digestible source of carbohydrates. Complete nutrition with vital antioxidants for overall health and wellness. Highly digestible for maximum nutrient delivery.
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Diamond Dog Food Lamb & Rice 40 Lb$29.99
Lamb protein provides optimal nutrition for dogs that prefer the taste of lamb, or are sensitive to chicken or corn. Guaranteed levels of vitamin E and selenium ensure that your dog receives optimum antioxidant nutrition, while omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids keep the skin and coat healthy and shiny.Learn More


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Greve Apartment Rental Photos and Description
Ancient farm situated about 10 km from Greve in Chianti in the heart of the Chianti Classico region. The accommodation's hillside position offers you a broad view of the countryside rich in vineyards, olive groves and oak woods. After careful refurbishing the building complex has returned to its ancient splendour. The result has added value to the architectural style giving it a noteworthy charm. The swimming pool (01/5-30/9)(abt.6x12 irregular shaped) is situated on a grassy terracing. Parking and equipped outside areas. Access along 2 km of dirt track road. The complex consists of the villa's main body and 3 annexes as well as the apartment where the owner lives.ACCOMMODATION: (40 m2 in front of the apartment COLLEGALLE ALLORO) Gr.Fl.: equipped terrace, living/dining room (TV) with fireplace and kitchen corner (2 burners, small electric oven), 1 double bedroom, 1 bathroom with shower.LOCATION: 6 km Greve in Chianti, 23 km Florence, 47 km Siena and San Gimignano.