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[Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society, J23, 1998-1, pp14-18]
[See other journal and newsletter articles by Cornell Kimball.]
Pragmatic Strategies for Promoting Spelling Reform.
Cornell Kimball.
Cornell Kimball is a transportation engineer who works for the highway department in
California. He has been interested in language as a hobby for a couple of decades,
and has read much about language in his spare time. His detailed look into the
workings of the English language led him into an interest in spelling reform.
An earlier version of this proposal was conveyed to the 1997 AGM of the SSS. It is here presented in an amended and extended form.
Looking at earlier efforts.I've done a lot of reading on the history of spelling reform. Some of the ways in which we're trying to advance it have been tried before. I am most familiar with the American experience, and the examples that I illustrate are all from that. But I think that these can apply to spelling reform anywhere.
The press.One idea is to persuade editors of newspapers, magazines and books to use simpler spellings in their publications. A prominent example of a publication using simpler spellings was that of the Chicago Tribune. The Tribune adopted 80 simplified spellings in 1934 for the paper's in-house style. There was much controversy against it, and the Tribune whittled down their list over the years. The number of simpler spellings in use was reduced by about half after a few years, a few adjustments were made in the 1940s, then the list shrank further in the 1950s and 1960s. The Chicago Tribune 'threw in the towel' on this in 1975. [See Chicago Tribune articles.]
Other American periodicals have also used simpler spellings. In the first few decades of the 20th century, when the (American) National Education Association was promoting its list of 12 simpler spellings (thru, tho, catalog, etc.) and the Simplified Spelling Board was promoting its spellings, some newspapers and magazines did use some of these spellings. However, in every case, the publications went back to the conventional spellings.
Dictionaries.Another idea is to get simpler spellings into dictionaries. Once in, the thinking goes, people will start using them. But this very thing has been done before. During the 1940s and 1950s, Funk & Wagnalls, an American publisher and maker of dictionaries, listed the Simplified Spelling Board's 300-plus simpler spellings alongside the conventional spellings in their volumes. Thus, entries read such as:
rough (ru&f) adj. 1. having the textureThis might have seemed like a breth (the use of this and other "e" for "ea" spellings is explained later in this article) of fresh air which would encourage such forms, but the inclusion of these spellings in a major dictionary for many years still didn't create any increase in their usage.
ruf of coarse or....
debt (de&t) n. 1. a state of owing money
det or other....
I have contacted dictionaries and periodicals to further simpler spellings, as noted in my article in the December 1996 SSS Newsletter. I have sent dictionary editors citations of a few alternative spellings appearing in print, and I have tried to encourage writers and editors at periodicals to use a few simpler forms. What seems possible there is to strengthen the positions of a few alternative forms already in use. As noted in a news item in the March 1998 Simpl Speling, Random House dictionary altered a couple of entries in response to citations I sent in of thru and such. However, I don't think any one of us can go much beyond that right now. I think that the only way to get editors to accept additional simpler forms is to first get a number of people - who will include a number of people beyond our current ranks - supporting those spellings.
Government.We are also trying to persuade government officials to implement use of the spellings. This too has been tried. American President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the United States Government Printing Office to use the Simplified Spelling Board's 300 or so proposed spellings. This order was issued on August 27, 1906 (while the U.S. Congress was in recess). This was thoroly resisted by the Government Printing Office and others who were to carry it out, and when Congress readjourned that fall, they revoked Roosevelt's order: Congress voted, 142 to 24, that "no money appropriated in this act shall be used (for) printing documents...unless same shall conform to the orthography...in...generally accepted dictionaries." Thus, it ended up that simplified spellings were used only in written items coming from the White House itself, and at that, only 12 were used. When Theodore Roosevelt left office in January 1909, the New York Sun had a huge, one-word headline in response: THRU.
Public campaigning.So, we've had dictionary makers, newspaper editors, and government officials institute the use of simpler spellings. But none of these efforts have wethered the controversies. Why? From what I've read, it's because these spellings had the support of a few editors or officials - but didn't have the support of the public as a whole.
To make this really happen - and stick - we're going to need more than editors and government officials on our side. We need to broadcast the word to a much larger audience. We need public, grassroots support - not just official support.
To publicize the spelling situation to a large number of people is an enterprize requiring money of course, and a lot of it, and this isn't something that we can turn around and do right away. As the first step in this, we simply need to build membership. With a greater amount from dues some years down the line, we'll then have increased funds with which to begin 'selling the public'.
Advertize to recruit teachers.My proposal is this: that the Society place adverts or other forms of announcements in a number of publications, such as the 10 American journals listed below, to recruit new members.
In looking at spelling reform efforts, I have found that teachers have often been spelling reform's greatest ally. Many in the Society are educators (educationists) already. There are undoubtedly other teachers out there who are sympathetic to the idea - the only problem is, they've never heard of a 'Simplified Spelling Society', or of any organization promoting spelling reform, for that matter. Of the 10 magazines listed, 9 are aimed at teachers. The other magazine is the organ of the 'World Future Society', a group looking at what may come in the future, and I think we may find a few potential members among that readership too.
All 10 magazines are published in the United States. I chose publications that I could get information on, and of course most of what I could obtain were American periodicals. Too, there are many potential members in the U.S., given its size. It should be stressed tho, that this idea should naturally and ultimately be expanded to include advertizing in publications in many countries.
Titles for advertizing.The magazines I proposed we consider advertizing in are these (information on format descriptions and circulation figures comes from Ulrich's International Guide to Periodicals.)
Learning - Creative ideas and insights for teachers. Contains teaching tips and curriculum ideas for kindergarten thru middle school. Circulation: 285,000.
Instructor - Features articles on a variety of topics of interest to elementary school (kindergarten thru grade 6) teachers. Includes articles on computer applications for teaching techniques, educational software reviews, and children's fiction book reviews. Circulation: 254,000.
Teaching K-8 - A magazine for teachers of preschool thru grade 8. Articles cover innovation and techniques of individualized instruction. Circulation: 133,000.
Teacher - Provides a national communications network for teachers, enabling them to be better teachers and effective teachers. Circulation: 100,000.
Technology and Learning - The leading magazine of electronic education. Features, reviews, news, and announcements of educational activities and opportunities in programming, software development, and hardware configurations. Circulation: 80,000.
American Educator - Main organ for the American Federation of Teachers. Circulation: 700,000.
Reading Teacher - A journal of the International Reading Association (Newark, Delaware, U.S.A.). Circulation: 65,000.
English Journal - Main journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English. Circulation: 57,000.
Educational Researcher - Journal of the American Educational Research Association. Contains news and features of general significance in e educational research. Circulation: 19,000.
The Futurist - Main organ of the World Future Society (Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.). A journal of forecasts, trends, and ideas about the future. Circulation: 30,000.
Public profile.There have been many discussions, both now and in the past, as to what plan the SSS should adopt. "What scheme should we back?" is a question often wrestled with. My observation is that, during the 120 years that we've had organized spelling reform efforts, many optimal schemes with great backing arguments have been made, altho none of that has furthered our efforts to improve English spelling.
Another observation I make is that very few people are aware that there even are any kind of spelling reform activities going on now. In short, hardly anyone knows we exist. When I 'met' Allan Campbell by e-mail about three years ago, and I told him about Better Education thru Simplified Spelling (I still hadn't found the Simplified Spelling Society), Allan commented that he'd never heard of something like a group dedicated to spelling reform. There are undoubtedly other people out there who are quite supportive of reform but who have never come across any mention of such organizations.
Spelling reform's most important allies, as well as its most vocal opponents, are teachers. As I noted in my proposal, I think that teachers would be a good source of potential members. Too, as I am beginning to learn, one obstacle to newspapers, etc. using spellings such as thru and tho is that teachers and others concerned with education write letters of protest. Per one source I'e corresponded with, many of the letters to the Chicago Tribune opposing its use of simpler spellings came from teachers - while, as well, many of the letters supporting simpler spellings came from teachers. Joe Little's article in the July 1997 Newsletter keeps us abrest of this too, as he notes a newspaper copy editor who mentions such aspects. So, I think our priority right now should be to reach out to teachers and PTA groups, both to get some new members and to 'quell' the reservations that others of them have about spelling reform.
Alternative forms currently in use.I'll note what some members have written recently in SSS publications - Dan MacLeod in letters to both the Journal and Simpl Speling, Robert Craig in a Simpl Speling article, and Harry Cookson in a letter to Simpl Speling - there are certain alternative forms in use by 'the public'. I think it would be most effective to go along with these right now, rather than trying to sell some grand scheme. Too, while we as reformers may believe in really going thru and overhauling English spelling, we must remember that it is general human nature to want to keep things familiar. I surmize that most people will resist any great change.
Now of course, as we're making our point to people about the need for change, some will naturally ask, "What spellings are you planning on changing?" For that reason, I do believe that we should have some sort of short plan (with fewer words even than the current German spelling reform has, at the outset).
As recent letters from members have reminded us, thru, tho, and a few other GH simplifications have some circulation in popular usage. To this I'll add observations about some other spelling changes, such as noting that in American English catalog has supplanted catalogue as the standard, more commonly used spelling over the past few decades, and that analog, dialog, and others have some currency as variant forms.
One type of change with a helthy track record is the use of -IZE rather than -ISE in 'American' spellings, e.g. realize, organize, summarize. Now there are also 20 or so words in which the standard American English spellings do have -ISE for the /aiz/ sound. But for a few of these, there are variant forms with -IZE that can be found in some dictionaries: advertize, surprize, comprize, merchandize (when it's used as a verb), exorcize.
Opportunities with GH.I agree it might be a good idea to have some proposal to show the public which way we're planning to go. And one part should be those GH simplifications which already have some usage:
thru tho altho thoro donut nite(Note: As of now, lite is only widely used for the specialized meaning of "having fewer calories or less substance" but not for other meanings of light, which is why it's not included.)
Too, we could add solid compounds with thru and thoro, and other -OUGH to -O changes:
thruout breakthru thoroly thorofare boro furloAnd, for all countries except the United States, promote greater use of these two forms which are standard in American English (and seen many times in Canadian English):
plow draft (for all meanings).We might want to hold our GH changes to just this. It is tempting to add those other cases where GH is pronounced as /f/, but there will likely be disagreement over exactly how to respell these. Most reform plans propose, say, tuf and laf as the new spellings for tough and laugh. However, Dan MacLeod notes seeing tuff, in his letter in JSSS J22, and in my article in the December 1996 Newsletter, I note finding tuff as well. Too, I have found several cases of laff, in print no less, but haven't seen laf anywhere. Rather than debating the merits of tuf vs. tuff, I think that for our initial set, we're best off to avoid potential disagreements which could drag the thing down. Let's go with those changes that we and others agree on (those words listed in the paragraphs above), and save these unsettled points (how to respell tough, laugh, etc.) for later.
There has never been complete agreement on how to respell thought, bought, etc. - some want thot for thought, some think it should be thaut, still others support a third or fourth way - so I think those too are best left off for now.
-OGUE > -OG and -ISE > -IZE.The -Logue to -Log changes as in catalog are modest; these aren't the highest frequency words, nor is the -LOGUE ending the most trecherous aspect of English spelling. However, these form a group of changes with 'momentum' - as noted, the -OG variants are for the most part dictionary-accepted, and having something that already has some official sanction, in my opinion, lends a credibility to the movement. So, for most of the English-speaking world (excepting the U.S.) add:
catalog.And for all countries, promote:
analog dialog monolog travelog deolog prolog epilog.You can also include -GOGUE to -GOG changes:
synagog demagog pedagogI stated above that, of the words where -ISE is currently standard thruout the English-speaking world, a few have variants with -IZE listed in dictionaries. So, let's also promote all -ISE to -IZE changes - stress the current American -IZE forms in other countries, and promote the remaining changes everywhere. For all, for starters, promote those that are variants in American English:
advertize surprize comprize merchandize (verb) exorcize(There is a problem, I will readily admit, on adopting the spelling advertize: What do we do when we come to advertisement, given that some people pronounce the ISE as /s/ or /iz/ while others say it as /aiz/? This is indeed a problem, and granted, one not yet with a solution. However, I promote advertize because it is in some dictionaries, and I think such things can really help us get moving.)
And we could add remaining ones (which aren't yet variants anywhere); among these are:
compromize disguize guize surmize exercize enterprize chastize franchizeWith this class of words, as with all initial reforms, I think we should be prepared to only go part way at first if it turns out that some individual changes get a better reception than others. There might, say, be a willingness to go with compromize, enterprize, and changes to the other -MISE and -PRISE words, and at the same time be, say, a strong resistance to writing sunrize and clockwize, or to revize and incize. If that occurs, let's be willing to go with only some changes rather than trying for all, to at least get the thing going.
Part of Lindgren's SR1.Now, shouldn't we show the public that we want to go beyond that? In my personal opinion, no. However, the general feeling in our organization is that we should be pioneering some new types of changes as well. With that in mind, if we wish to add something else, I recommend adopting part of Harry Lindgren's SR1, which advocates regularly spelling short /E/ just as E.
Why SR1? We pretty much all agree that OUGH is a priority for change, but there are many opinions as to what should be delt with beyond that. However, I have noticed a number of reformers giving fairly high priority to changing EA to E when a short /E/ is sounded.
As I've stated, I believe that the changes we make in our 'first step' should not be too great. And another reason that I believe SR1 is a good one to go with is because the changes don't alter too much of the word's form. Many, admittedly worthwhile, changes are rejected by 'the public' because the new form is 'too different looking' from the conventional spelling. SR1 has changes such as going from cleanliness to clenliness - no one has trouble immediately recognizing those as the same word, and I believe this will help in public acceptance.
Another, not unimportant, reason that I think we should choose the particular spellings listed below if we want to extend things a bit: this particular set is already 'in use' within the SSS, as it's part of the Simpl Speling 'house style'.
I've been told that there were some objections to SR1, especially concerning words such as eny, agen, sed, where it was noted that not all English speakers used those pronunciations. (I am told that any is often pronounced like Annie in Irish English, for example.) Perhaps then a 'modified' SR1, minus these 'problem' words, could be what we use.
I noted above that it might be best to hold off on changing spellings where GH currently represents /f/, as disagreements over what spellings to use (one F or two) could bog us down unnecessarily. Similarly, with many SR1 words, potential disagreements may come up between reformers and 'the public' as to how to respell the words.
Reform plans would generally call for respelling ready as redy. But when I've seen this word respelled in advertizing and such, it's reddy (or even reddi). I've seen steddy (or steddi- in compounds). So, I suggest that we hold off on proposing changes where the form we propose might 'conflict' with what the public would go with.
The question here, of course, is whether to have one consonant after the E or to double that consonant. To avoid cases where this is an issue, I recommend just words where two or more consonants currently follow the short E sound.
Thus, the SR1 forms I recommend as an initial set:
helth welth stelth relmI have left off gess and gest - there will likely be arguments that the dropping of the U here is not the same as the dropping of the A in breath or the I in friend. Again, I think that at the outset, we're best to avoid those changes that might raise additional objections - we can get to those later.
wether fether lether hether frend
breth bredth brest abrest
clense clenliness trecherous trechery
delt ment lept dremt brekfast
Conclusion: support first, reform second.You may be looking over the words in the groups above and thinking, "But there aren't many changes here which would help children who are learning how to read and write." And you're right, there aren't. But organized spelling reform has been trying to get such changes implemented for over 120 years, and plans with any kind of sizable changes have never gained either wide or lasting support. There does, tho, seem to be a willingness to go along with a few changes.
From all I've read on reform and that I see at present, I believe that this can only be done in steps. We need to build support first, and win people over to the whole idea of changing spellings. These first words are not ment by any means to make a major reduction in spelling problems, but are to get the ball rolling; and the only way I see of doing that is to 'win over' a now-skeptical public by proposing just a few spellings, along the lines of what popular usage accepts.
Summing up, I think our main focus over the next several years should be getting more members, both to raise more revenue and to spread the word of the need for reform. And rather than being too concerned with finding the best possible scheme, I think we should adopt a small body of words which has a base in what others are already using, and that should be what we present to the public.
American Heritage Dictionary of The English Language, (2nd ed. 1969), Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
-, (3rd ed. 1992), -.
Chamber's Concise Dictionary (1991), Edinburgh: W & R Chambers Ltd.
Concise Oxford Dictionary (9th ed. 1995), Oxford: Oxford University Press
Crystal, David (1995) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp272-277, 300-309, 438-443, 466.
Dewey, Godfrey (1971) English Spelling: Roadblock to Reading New York: Teachers College Press.
Follick, Mont (1965) The Case For Spelling Reform, Bath: Pitman Press.
Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary (1945), New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company.
Grambs, David (1989) Death By Spelling, New York: Harper & Row, pp43-44, 52-59
Ives, Kenneth H. (1979), Written Dialects N Spelling Reforms: History N Alternatives, Chicago: Progresiv Publishr.
Kuçera, Henry, & Francis, W. Nelson (1967), Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English, Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press.
Lindgren, Harry (1969), Spelling Reform: A New Approach, Sydney: Alpha Books (Halstead Press).
Mencken, H. L. (1937), The American Language, New York: Alfred Knopf & Co., pp379-407.
- (1977, revised by I. Raven McDavid), The American Language, -, pp479-497.
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (5th ed. 1936), Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Company.
Merriam-Webster's 7th New Collegiate Dictionary (1971), Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Company.
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th ed. 1993), Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc.
Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage (1989), Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc., pp864-866, 906.
Morton, Herbert C. (1994), The Story of Webster's Third, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
New York Public Library Writer's Guide to Style and Usage (1994), New York: HarperCollins Books, pp13-14, 387-389.
Oxford Companion to the English Language (ed, McArthur, T, 1992), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Oxford English Dictionary (various eds. 1933 and after), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
The Random House Unabridged Dictionary (2nd. ed. 1987), New York: Random House.
Random House Webster's College Dictionary (2nd ed. 1997), New York: Random House.
Scudder, Horace E. (1981 reprint of 1883 ed.), Noah Webster , New York: Chelsea House.
Shaw, George Bernard, On Language (ed. Tauber, A, 1963, a compendium of earlier writings), New York: Philosophical Library.
A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, Volume I (1972), Volume II (1976), Volume III (1982), Volume IV (1986), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tauber, Abraham (1958), Spelling Reform in the United States. Doctoral thesis for Columbia University, New York.
Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961), Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Company
Wilson, Kenneth G. (1993), The Columbia Guide to Standard American English, New York: Columbia University Press, pp275, 406-409, 437.
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Positive AnalysisDescriptive, factual statements about the world are referred to as positive statements by economists. The term "positive" isn't used to imply that economists always convey good news, of course, and economists often make very, well, negative positive statements. Positive analysis, accordingly, uses scientific principles to arrive at objective, testable conclusions.
Normative AnalysisOn the other hand, economists refer to prescriptive, value-based statements as normative statements. Normative statements usually use factual evidence as support, but they are not by themselves factual. Instead, they incorporate the opinions and underlying morals and standards of those people making the statements. Normative analysis refers to the process of making recommendations about what action should be taken or taking a particular viewpoint on a topic.
Examples of Positive vs. NormativeThe distinction between positive and normative statements is easily shows via examples. The statement
- The unemployment rate is currently at 9 percent.
- The unemployment rate is too high.
- The government must take action in order to reduce the unemployment rate.
How to Effectively Disagree With an EconomistPeople seem to like disagreeing with economists (and, in fact, economists often seem to enjoy disagreeing with one another), so it's important to understand the distinction between positive and normative in order to disagree effectively.
To disagree with a positive statement, one must bring other facts to the table or question the economist's methodology. In order to disagree with the positive statement about unemployment above, for example, one would have to make the case that the unemployment rate isn't actually 9 percent. One could do this either by providing different unemployment data or by performing different calculations on the original data.
To disagree with a normative statement, one can either dispute the validity of the positive information used to reach the value judgment or can argue the merits of the normative conclusion itself. This becomes a more murky type of debate, since there is no objective right and wrong when it comes to normative statements.
In a perfectly organized world, economists would be pure scientists who perform only positive analysis and exclusively convey factual, scientific conclusions, and policy makers and consultants would take the positive statements and develop normative recommendations. In reality, however, economists often play both of these roles, so it's important to be able to distinguish fact from opinion, i.e. positive from normative.

subset: commoncrawl


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Oakland Raiders head coach Dennis Allen says he's "hopeful" the Raiders will have Darrius Hayward-Bey back for the trip to Atlanta, according to NFL network. The good news here is Heyward-Bey continues to improve after being carted off the field, and taken to the hospital after a unflagged, helmet to helmet hit Sept. 23rd in the Oakland Raiders victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers. Oddly enough "the player safety first NFL" seemed to be more concerned with the questionable calls that dropped their beloved Green Bay Packers to 1-2 than the fact Ryan Munday had been allowed to run a muck unflagged during the Sept. 23rd contest, ultimately resulting in the injury, and hospitalization of Hayward-Bey.
Hayward-Bey himself has no recollection of the incident, telling the associated press on Friday, " I don't remember any of it". D.H.B. continued to say, " So far I can walk, talk, and eat. Right now I'm just trying to go through the process to get everything right. I'm in tune to what's going on."
As of yet D.H.B. has not started running, nor has he passed the concussion testing required to return to the field, but has continued to improve enough over the last several days to give Coach Allen hope that he will be on the field when the Oakland Raiders take on the Falcons Oct. 14th in Atlanta. Whether or not he is able to go in time for the Falcons game it is good news to hear he is making progress, and that he is looking forward to returning to the Raiders soon.


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...when the in-law side of the family decides to spoil the holy living fuck out of your nieces and all you can see in the future is teen-age years filled with selfish, entitled, materialistic, down-right gimme-gimme bitchiness?
My sister can't see it. My brother-in-law only enables it. The family that doesn't have the cash to come out to dinner for special occasions can drop $400 in grown-up tech gadgets on an 8 and 10 year-old without understanding the damage they're doing, because the maturity certainly ain't there in the kids.


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Yes, Monday's performance was very very awful.... Sort of like the New Orleans game 2 years ago... But in a room full of Jets fans, it seems like "dedicated" fans are already throwing in the towel... The season is 1/4 way through. We still have some ball to play!!!
I can only speak for myself, but I am going to tune into every Jets game and expect them to win just like our coach Rex Ryan!... Yes, out O-line is in trouble, but thats why we have a brilliant coaching staff to coach them... I have trust in my Jets.. Even during the Kotite years!!!.... This team has lots of pressure it put on themselves and we as Jets fans have support them! Not bash them!!!... Watch us beat New England in their back yard next week!!!... why??... Because we did it before!!! and we will do it again!!!... J-E-T-S....Jets! Jets! Jets!


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Working Out While Pregnant
Due to our recent primal pregnancy we had to make some adjustments to our workout routine. We suspended our self defense class indefinitely. There's just too much of a risk there to get kicked or punched in the stomach. Open to other ideas for low/less-impact fitness classes for pregnant women.
Once the baby is born I'm still not sure how long after that we'd be able to resume our self defense classes. With nobody to watch the baby if we're both at the class — and taking it with us out of the question — it might be years before we could go back. We'll see.
The day before Amanda went to the doctor she had lost another 2lbs and was kind of concerned. She asked the doctor if she was supposed to lose weight while pregnant, and he said it was completely normal for the first trimester. I should mention that Amanda isn't trying to lose weight anymore — she's been eating a lot more of higher calorie food — but even with the extra food she's been eating she still dropped weight. We'll see over the next few weeks if she loses more or if we need to further increase her calories.
I think from here on we're going to be doing more walking and less high-impact, heavy-weight exercises. The doctor recommended that Amanda keep doing kettlebells because he said it was a great exercise, so we'll probably still mix those in at lower weights.
What did all you ladies out there do to exercise while you were pregnant?Do you like this post? Please leave a comment or subscribe to our feed.


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CLEVELAND, OH (WOIO) - Three more families have filed a lawsuit over what the city of Cleveland did in the case of suspected serial killer Anthony Sowell.
This new Sowell suit attacks city police for how they dealt with him before cops found the bodies of eleven women.
And this suit also attacks the county, saying it didn't do enough to monitor him since he's a sex offender.
On Wednesday, Dec. 8, five other families filed a different suit and some families are suing Sowell himself.
So well could be get the death penalty in criminal court for his crimes.
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Slate article judging QB performance by Speech Analysis
This is a very interesting article I found about this company called Achievement Metrics. They analyze the speech patterns of college QB's as a way of assessing their potential to succeed at the NFL level. Basically, the more a player believes in himself and compliments those around him, the more likely (theoretically) he is to be a starter. Blaine Gabbert grades out somewhat favorably. Two players who do not grade out favorably are Cam Newton and... Tim Tebow.


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Graphology is the study of handwriting.[1] As a theory or practice for inferring a person's character, disposition, and attitudes from their handwriting, graphology is generally considered pseudoscience.[2][3][4] The term is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to forensic document examination.
Graphology has been controversial for more than a century. Although supporters point to the anecdotal evidence of positive testimonials as a reason to use it for personality evaluation, most empirical studies fail to show the validity claimed by its supporters.[5][6]
- 1 Etymology
- 2 History
- 3 Validity
- 4 Approaches
- 5 Vocabulary
- 6 Legal considerations
- 7 Applications
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (December 2013)
From grapho- (from the Greek γραφή, "writing") and logos (from the Greek λόγος, "word"). There also exist many other words formed from the same root: Graphopathology, Graphomaniac, Graphistic, Graphopsychology, Psychographology, Graphometric, Graphometry, Graphoanalysis, Graphotechnology, Micrographia.
Three books have been claimed to be the first book on graphology:
- Juan Huarte de San Juan's 1575 Examen de ingenios para las ciencias[7] This was first proposed by Jean-Charles Gille in 1991.[8]
- Prospero Aldorisio's 1611 Idengraphicus nuntius[9]
- Camillo Baldi's Trattato come da una lettera missiva si conoscano la natura e qualita dello scrittore[10] which was unofficially published in 1622. The 1625 edition was probably the first authorized edition of Baldi's book. In American graphology, this is considered to be the first book.[11]
Around 1830 Jean-Hippolyte Michon became interested in handwriting analysis. He published his findings[12][13] shortly after founding Société Graphologique in 1871. The most prominent of his disciples was Jules Crépieux-Jamin who rapidly published a series of books[14][15] that were soon published in other languages.[16][17] Starting from Michon's integrative approach, Crépieux-Jamin ended up with a holistic approach to graphology.
Alfred Binet was convinced to do research into graphology from 1893 to 1907. He ended up calling it "the science of the future", despite graphologists' rejecting the results of his research.
After World War I, interest in graphology continued to spread in Europe as well as the United States. In Germany during the 1920s, Ludwig Klages founded and published his finding in Zeitschrift für Menschenkunde (Journal for the Study of Mankind). His major contribution to the field can be found in Handschrift und Charakter.[18][19]
Thea Stein Lewinson and J. Zubin modified Klage's ideas, based upon their experience working for the U.S. government, publishing their method in 1942.[20]
In 1929 Milton Bunker founded The American Grapho Analysis Society teaching Graphoanalysis. This organization and its system split the American graphology world in two. Students had to choose between graphoanalysis or holistic graphology. Whilst hard data is lacking, anecdotal evidence indicates that 10% of the members of International Graphoanalysis Society (IGAS) were expelled between 1970 and 1980.[21] By the time Peter Ferrera died in 1991, the decimation of IGAS members had resulted in a decline of the influence of Graphoanalysis, and IGAS on American graphology.
Klara G. Roman was the most prominent of the German refugee scholars. Her books are still considered to be foundations for contemporary American Holistic graphology. She taught at the New School for Social Research in New York, and was succeeded there by Daniel S. Anthony and Florence Anthony.
Handwriting Workshops Unlimited was organized by Charlie Cole as a series of lectures for advanced students of graphoanalysis. These lectures featured holistic graphologists such as Thea Lewinson and Klara Roman. By 1960 all of the participants had been expelled by IGAS. These individuals went on to form the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation. Later mass expulsions of IGAS members led to the formation of other societies, such as the American Association of Handwriting Analysts that were orientated towards holistic graphology.
In 1972 talks between the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation and the American Association of Handwriting Analysis started, with the aim to form a single organization. Those talks resulted in the creation of the Council of Graphological Societies in 1976.
Stephen Bongiovanni created a theoretical basis for graphology based on the correlation of graphic expressive elements and behavioral traits. According to his theory, a single personality characteristic is defined by the combination of the four primary graphic elements of the baseline, enclosure, imposed pattern and stroke. The theory is included in the 1998 resource center www.handwritingpro.com.[22]
Since the rise of the Internet in the early 1990s, the graphology organizations have suffered major declines in membership. However, because of email lists, communication between graphologists representing different approaches has increased.
Although graphology had some support in the scientific community before the mid-twentieth century, the results of some recent surveys on the ability for graphology to assess personality and job performance have been negative.[23][24][25][26] Graphology is primarily used as a recruiting tool to screen candidates during the evaluation process. Many studies have been conducted to assess its effectiveness to predict personality and job performance. Recent studies testing the validity of using handwriting for predicting personality traits and job performance have been consistently negative.[23][26]
In a 1987 study, graphologists were unable to predict scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire using writing samples from the same people.[6] In a 1988 study, graphologists were unable to predict scores on the Myers-Briggs test using writing samples from the same people.[27] A 1982 meta-analysis drawn from over 200 studies concludes that graphologists were generally unable to predict any kind of personality trait on any personality test.[28]
Measures of job performance appear similarly unrelated to the handwriting metrics of graphologists. Professional graphologists using handwriting analysis were just as ineffective as lay people at predicting performance in a 1989 study.[29] A broad literature screen done by King and Koehler confirmed dozens of studies showing the mechanical aspects of graphology (slant, slope, etc.) are essentially worthless predictors of job performance.[23]
Rowan Bayne, a British psychologist who has written several studies on graphology, summarized his view of the appeal of graphology: "It's very seductive because at a very crude level someone who is neat and well behaved tends to have neat handwriting", adding that the practice is "useless... absolutely hopeless".[30] The British Psychological Society ranks graphology alongside astrology, giving them both "zero validity".[30]
Overall, despite a few studies that support handwriting analysis, such as Crumbaugh and Stockholm,[31] the large majority of studies such as Ben-Shakar, Bar-Hillel, Blum, Ben-Abba, & Flug and many others indicate evidence against its predictive validity.[32]
Graphology was also dismissed as a pseudo-science by James Randi in 1991.[33]
There is some evidence of a relationship between gender and handwriting style, though the correlation is weak.[34]
Additional specific objections[edit]
- The Barnum effect and the Dr Fox effect.[35] These phenomena make it difficult to validate methods of personality testing. These describe the observation that individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people. See, for example, Tallent (1958).[36] Non-individualized graphological reports give credence to this criticism.
- Effect Size: Dean's (1992)[37][38] primary argument against the use of graphology is that the effect size is too small. Regardless of the validity of handwriting analysis, the research results imply that it is not applicable for any specific individual, but may be applicable to a group.
- Vagueness: Some important principles of graphology are vague enough to allow a lot of room for a graphologist to skew interpretations to suit a subject or preconceived conclusion. For example, one of the main concepts in the theory of Ludwig Klages is form-niveau (or form-level): the overall level of originality, beauty, harmony, style, etc. of a person's handwriting—a quality that, according to Klages, can be perceived but not measured. According to this theory, the same sign has a positive or negative meaning depending on the subject's overall character and personality as revealed by the form-niveau. In practice, this can lead the graphologist to interpret signs positively or negatively depending on whether the subject has high or low social status.[39]
There are three approaches to graphology: the integrative approach, the holistic approach, and the symbolic
- Integrative graphology
- This approach holds that specific stroke structures relate to personality traits. Most systems within this approach use a cluster of stroke formations, to score a specific personality trait. Systems that fall under this umbrella are: fixed signs, trait stroke, French System and Graphoanalysis. It has been described as starting from the inside, and working to the outside.
- Holistic graphology
- This is commonly, but incorrectly referred to as Gestalt Graphology. Gestalt graphology was a system of handwriting analysis developed circa 1915 in Germany and was related theoretically to Gestalt psychology. In this approach (Holistic Graphology) a profile is constructed on the basis of form, movement and space. It has been described as starting from the outside, and working to the inside.
- Symbolic analysis
- In this approach, one looks for symbols seen in the handwriting. This can be either Major symbolism, or Minor Symbolism.
- Major symbolism is the meaning ascribed to the stroke, as it related to the page.
- Minor symbolism ascribes a meaning to the stroke, depending upon the picture that the stroke draws. For example, John Wayne's signature shows a blackened out portion, that represents his stomach cancer.
- This approach provides the theory that underlies both Holistic Graphology, and Integrative Graphology. Max Pulver[40][41][42][43] is the best known exponent of this system.
Systems of handwriting analysis[edit]
Each approach to handwriting analysis has spawned several different systems.
- Integrative graphology
- Graphoanalysis was the most influential system in the United States, between 1929 and 2000.
- Sistema de Xandró.[44][45][46]
- Holistic graphology
- The psychogram[11][47][48]
- The Personal Worth Chart was developed by Handwriting Consultants of San Diego[49] during the early eighties.
- The psychograph[50] was developed by Leslie King during the seventies.
- Wittlich Character Diagram.[51][52]
- Muller - Enskat Protokol[53][54]
- Leopold Szondi
- Girolamo Moretti[55][56][57]
- Augusto Vels[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]
Four academic institutions around the world currently offer an accredited degree in handwriting analysis:
- The University of Urbino, Italy: MA (Graphology)
- Instituto Superior Emerson, Buenos Aires, Argentina: BA (Graphology)[67]
- Centro de Estudios Superiores (CES) Buenos Aires, Argentina: BA (Graphology)[68]
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona: Spain: MA (Graphology)
Writing systems[edit]
The majority of material in the field is oriented towards the Latin writing system. Courses offered in the subject reflect that bias.
Every system of handwriting analysis has its own vocabulary. Even though two or more systems may share the same words, the meanings of those words may be different. The technical meaning of a word used by a handwriting analyst, and the common meaning is not congruent. Resentment, for example, in common usage, means to feel or exhibit annoyance. In Graphoanalysis, the term indicates a fear of imposition.[69][70]
Legal considerations[edit]
In Hungary[edit]
A report by the Hungarian Parliamentary Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information says that handwriting analysis without informed consent is a privacy violation.[71]
In the United States[edit]
Graphologists often claim that handwriting analysis in the workplace is legal,[72] erroneously citing one or more of the following cases:
- Gilbert v California :388 US 263-267 (1967)
- U.S. v. Dionisio :410 US 1 (1973) 1973, Lawyers Edition, Second Series 35, 67; 93 SC 774
- U.S. v. Mara aka Marasovich :410 US 19 (1973)
- U.S. v Rosinsky :547 F 2nd 249 (CA 4th 1977 )
- United States v. Wade :388 US 218, 221-223 (1967)
All of these cases are about Fifth Amendment rights in a criminal investigation. These cases do not address issues relating to psychological analysis of an individual nor do they address third-party issues.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission[edit]
Many graphologists claim [weasel words] that handwriting analysis is non-discriminatory, since it cannot determine gender, age, ethnicity, or other Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Protected Classes.[73] However, thus far, there have been no studies demonstrating that the use of handwriting analysis in employment does not have a disparate impact upon EEOC-protected classes.
There have been a number of studies on gender and handwriting.[74][75][76][77] Uniformly the research indicates that gender can be determined at a significant level. The published studies on ethnicity,[78][79][80] race,[81][82][83] age,[84][85][86] nationality,[87] gender orientation, weight, and their relationship to handwriting have had mixed results.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990[edit]
One of the rules of thumb in human resources[citation needed] is that if an individual who has an ADA-defined disability cannot take a test, then nobody can. As a result, tests that cannot be adapted for use by those individuals will not be used by a company.
Handwriting clearly falls into the group of tests that cannot be adapted to be administered to individuals who fall within one or more ADA-defined disabilities. Blind people, for example, do not develop the required fluency in handwriting, for the writing to be correctly analyzed.
Questions that handwriting analysts ask before doing an analysis can be illegal under this act.[88]
Graphology in court testimony[edit]
In Carroll v. State [276 Ark 160; 634 SW 2d 99, 101-102 (1982)] the opposing handwriting analysts showed unprofessionalism.[38]
Employment profiling[edit]
A company takes a writing sample provided by an applicant, and proceeds to do a personality profile, matching the congruency of the applicant with the ideal psychological profile of employees in the position.[89]
A graphological report is meant to be used in conjunction with other tools, such as comprehensive background checks, practical demonstration or record of work skills. Graphology supporters state that it can complement but not replace traditional hiring tools.
Research in employment suitability has ranged from complete failure[90] to guarded success.[91] The most substantial reason for not using handwriting analysis in the employment process is the absence of evidence of a direct link between handwriting analysis and various measures of job performance.[92]
The use of graphology in the hiring process has been criticized on ethical grounds[93] and on legal grounds in the United States.[94]
Psychological analysis[edit]
Graphology has been used clinically by European counselors and psychotherapists.[95][96][97][98] When it is used, it is generally used alongside other projective personality assessment tools, and not in isolation. It is often used within individual psychotherapy, marital counseling, or vocational counseling.[99]
Marital Compatibility[edit]
In its simplest form only sexual expression and sexual response are examined. At its most complex, every aspect of an individual is examined for how it affects the other individual(s) within the relationship.[100] The theory is that after knowing and understanding how each individual in the relationship differs from every other individual in the relationship, the resulting marriage will be more enduring.[101]
Medical diagnosis[edit]
Medical graphology is probably the most controversial branch of handwriting analysis.[102] Strictly speaking, such research is not graphology as described throughout this article but an examination of factors pertaining to motor control. Research studies have been conducted in which a detailed examination of handwriting factors, particularly timing, fluidity, pressure, and consistency of size, form, speed, and pressure are considered in the process of evaluating patients and their response to pharmacological therapeutic agents.[103] The study of these phenomena is a by-product of researchers investigating motor control processes and the interaction of nervous, anatomical, and biomechanical systems of the body.
The Vanguard Code of Ethical Practice, amongst others, prohibits medical diagnosis by those not licensed to do diagnosis in the state in which they practice.
This is the practice of changing a person's handwriting with the goal of changing features of his or her personality. It originated in France during the 1930s, spreading to the United States in the late 1950s.[104][105]
The therapy consists of a series of exercises which are similar to those taught in basic calligraphy courses, sometimes in conjunction with music or positive self-talk.
Jury Screening[edit]
A graphologist is given handwriting samples of a prospective jury and determines who should be struck, based on their alleged personality profile. After the trial has begun, the graphologist advises counsel on how to slant their case, for the most favorable response from the jury.[106]
See also[edit]
Systems of handwriting analysis[edit]
Related fields[edit]
- Asemic writing
- Questioned document examination
- List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
- Calligraphy
- Palaeography
- Graphonomics
- Doodle
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- ^ IGAS (1976) MGA. Chicago, IL: IGAS
- ^ Ludewig, R.; Lewinson, T. S.; Lewinson, T. S. (1992), "Profiles and Limits of Medical Graphology", Z Gesamte Inn Med 47 (12): 549–557, PMID 1285461.
- ^ Kopp, W.; Paulson, G.; Allen, J.; Smeltzer, F.; Brown, F.; Koss, W. (1970), "Parkinson's Disease: L-dopa Treatment and Handwriting Areas", Current Therapeutic Research 12 (3): 115–124.
- ^ de Sainte Columbe, Paul (1966), Grapho Therapeutics: Pen and Pencil Therapy (1st ed.), Hollywood, CA: Laurida Books
- ^ de Sainte Columbe, Paul (1972), Grapho Therapeutics: Pen and Pencil Therapy (2nd ed.), Hollywood, CA: Paul de St Columbe Center
- ^ Iannetta, Kimon (2005), Jury Consultant, archived from the original on April 16, 2008
External links[edit]
- Graphology at DMOZ
- Skeptic's Dictionary entry on graphology
- BBC article about graphology
- How Graphology Fools People
- "Michon and the Birth of Scientific Graphology" Shaike Landau, from Vanguard graphological journal January–March 2007


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ROBIN BUCKLEY (From Herald Series)
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In Memoriam
Robin Buckley
Published in the Herald Series on 16 May 12
BUCKLEY Robin Remembering Robin who fell asleep on the 18th May 2006. Forever in our hearts and thoughts Love Chris & all the Family XXX
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Starting Monday, and through at least Labor Day, one lane of Sherdian Road in the North Side Rogers Park neighborhood will be closed to traffic so that crews can replace nearly 3,000 feet of water mains that date back more than a century.
City Department of Water Management crews will be replacing 2,837 feet of water mains that date back to 1900 along Sheridan Road from Devon Avenue to Thorndale, a release from the department said. This will force the closure of one lane of traffic through the month.
The work is being divided into two phases — Devon to Granville first, followed by Granville to Thorndale.
Starting Monday. Sheridan Road's westernmost lane will be shut down, leaving three lanes open to traffic. For morning rush hours, there will be two southbound and one northbound lanes. The pattern will be reversed in afternoon rush hours, with two lanes northbound. Middays will find one lane in each direction around the work zone.
Street work will begin at 9 a.m. on weekdays, and conclude by 4 p.m., the release said.
CTA buses will follow their normal routes. Any changes will be preceded by a notification from the CTA.
Motorists are being urged to use Broadway as a faster alternative to Sheridan Road. The Department of Water Management says the water work should be completed by Labor Day, and the Chicago Department of Transportation will follow with full resurfacing of Sheridan Road.
Follow @fox32news


text: Al Yellon at Bleed Cubbie Blue has been covering the Cubs move to a new spring training home from all angles. He recently put the city of Mesa's take on things front and center. And today he offered insight on the opposing angle from the president of the Diamondbacks. Jim McLennan of AZ Snakepit helped set it up.


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INCITATUS & Caligula
By Cheryl R. Lutring (Horse History article copyrighted by Saddle & Bridle Magazine.)
Few horses have ruled an empire. Less have been considered as marriage partners by ancient emperors. But such was the fate of Incitatus. His owner, the Roman Emperor Caligula, (AD 37-41) infamous for his psychotic extremes, was consistent in at least one aspect his devotion to his horse. Albeit sometimes this particular passion took a turn that was not necessarily to the benefit of the animal. Just as his father, Tiberius, had favored a pet dragon, so Caligula s darling was his best racing horse.
The original stable name of the stallion was Porcellus, which meant little pig but Caligula thought this unsuitable and renamed him in recognition of his swift-speeding as Incitatus.
Incitatus was a chariot racing stallion of no mean repute. It is said he never lost a race. Caligula was fanatical about the sport and favored the Green Faction team as opposed to the White, Red or Blue Factions. To ensure his favorite s best chance, the night before a race, Caligula would send his soldiers to impose silence in the neighborhood of the marble stable, so that the horse might rest peacefully. One of Caligula s main indulgences was to drive a chariot himself not an ability expected or required of an Emperor and he could be seen at the Circus Maximus pitting his horses with the best of them. However, his normal driver was Eutychus who had the onerous duty of steering the imperial team to a win. Once Caligula was so pleased with his daring skills that at a post-game triumphal feast he awarded him a fortune of 20,000 gold coins.
Chariots were raced by teams of horses harnessed in varying arrangements: a pair was a biga; three together was a triga; and the most popular, a team of four abreast was a quadriga. The latter were the most glamorous and most popular, and have been dramatically depicted in the epic film Ben Hur. Each race had to circuit the narrow 340 metre long oval of Rome s Circus Maximus seven times, negotiating its tight turns in a three-mile gallop. He also used him as a riding horse. Horses of the time were around 14hh and slightly larger ones were used by military officers and people of status, so Incitatus is considered to have been around 14.2hh; certainly in ancient times most horses that were ridden by people of status were gaited a great asset in the days before saddles and stirrups!
When it dawned on Caligula that if he was to create a dynasty to follow in his wake, he would have to marry and produce a son, he wavered long over whether such a momentous honor should be given to Incitatus or a woman called Caesonia. After much soul-searching, and probably much delicate advice from his household, Caesonia became the chosen one. It is a puzzle to know why he thought a stallion could bear an offspring of any description! But, Caligula thought Incitatus was feeling rejected and was fretting and petulant, so to appease him he gave the horse political power over the Empire. It was a requirement that Incitatus had to be consulted in the making of tactical decisions.
But even this was not enough. Caligula also had built for him a new palace of his own where he could hold state in suitable surroundings. This was situated alongside Caligula s own magnificent palace and was designed to incorporate many of Rome s more ancient buildings. Incitatus had a marble bedroom with a big straw mat for a bed, a fresh one every day, an ivory manger, a gold bucket to drink from, and pictures by famous artists on the walls. If he fancied a change of scene he could move into a different stall of ivory. He was draped in blankets of the royal purple and sported a gem-encrusted collar. He had his own slaves who attended to his every whim, and magnificent feasts were staged when senators and citizens of high rank were invited as guests of Incitatus.
In addition, whenever he won a race the horse was seated in the place of honor beside the emperor at the table of royal banquets and Caligula would ply him with fashionable delicacies such as sea urchin, parrot and dormouse. But Incitatus resisted such epicurean delights and would only take barley (dusted with gold in his honor!) from the golden bowl. At all such feasts, the assembled guests had to toast the health of Incitatus 20 times over. But even all this apparently did little to console the spurned and desolate horse. So convinced was Caligula that Incitatus was irrevocably grief-stricken by his marriage to a woman, that he continually tried to make recompense: he included his name in every sentence he spoke, and had his name used as part of the binding oath for legal documentation; when new temples were built in honor of the new god, Emperor Caligula, the loyalty of Incitatus was rewarded by appointing him deputy head priest, which meant he had great responsibility for supervising the rites of the temple, in consideration for which he received an excellent salary.
Caligula was so excessively fond of him that he made him first a Citizen of Rome and then a senator, and nominated him as a future candidate for the coveted Consulship. Maybe his perceived intention to so honor the horse was merely an ironic indication of his view of the unworthiness of the men in the government. Perhaps it is for this last distinction that Incitatus name has passed down through the historical record.
Some sources report that eventually Incitatus tired of his duties and privileges and, reverting perhaps to the implication of his original name Little Pig, turned on Caligula, savaging him severely. Caligula was swift with retaliation and beheaded his treasured Incitatus. Such can be the fate of the unwise favorites of the powerful.
Return to Horse History Articles


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Wallkill Valley Coyotes by Coyotes - 11 months ago
"My son Devin is on the traveling soccer team. He is 7 and this is his first team besides town recreation teams. He is so proud he wanted to get his teammates and coaches shirts. I went on custom ink on my phone and Devin and I started creating. It was easy, but some things were a little off. So they called me and asked about slight changes, they sent me a visual and waited for the approval. So kind. Then the team had a last minute add on team member. Custom ink was able to add on the extra shirt so he wasn't left out. Everyone I spoke with was so kind and friendly. And everyone who comes to the field LOVES the shirts. The parents want some too."


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Spectacular Penthouse Condo! Right On The Beach!!! in Tamarindo
- bedrooms 3
- baths 3½
- sleeps 8
- pool no
- hot tub no
- pets allowed no
- type Condo
- community
rates (USD)
/ week
vacation rental description
Stunning 3 BR/3.5 BA Penthouse On The Beach! One of the Nicest Condos in the Best
Location In Tamarindo/Langosta
Location: Playa Langosta, one of the world-famous beaches of the Northern Pacific Coast
of Costa
Rica, Tamarindo, Guanacaste. One hour from the international airport in Liberia, Costa
Accommodations: Condominium � 3 bedroom + sofa bed - 3.5 baths � Sleeps 6 - 8.
This two-level penthouse condominium is one of the few properties that is actually RIGHT ON THE BEACH It occupies the best
location in
Tamarindo. Each level has its own spacious balcony for spectacular views of the Pacific
coast. Words
cannot describe the appeal of this NEW CONSTRUCTION, LUXURY residence. The
architectural details
appeal to the most discriminating tastes, from the barrel-vaulted ceilings and recessed
lighting to
the pebble-inlaid tile flooring and carved custom pillars. Tastefully decorated by a
designer, the
condo's decor is as breathtaking as its architecture and is only outshone by the natural
beauty of
its setting. Three bedrooms each offer luxurious accommodation for travelers. Each bedroom has a
private bath
with luxurious fixtures and trim. Twin beds in the guest bedroom provide bedding for
two visitors or
if you would prefer, they can be converted to a king sized bed. The two master suites,
one per
level, each have king sized four-poster beds with down comforters and crisp linens. Both
suites open
on to large covered terraces overlooking the ocean, and to Juliet balconies which share
spectacular view. Allow the waves to gently lull you to sleep.
The terraces, too, benefit from the designer touch. Each has comfortable and harmonious
The lower terrace has, along with two rich-colored couches, a large dining table which
seats six in
style. A ceiling fan, bamboo roof and dangling multi-colored lighting complete this
outdoor living room.
The kitchen is a modern, fully-equipped kitchen with stainless steel appliances and
granite counter
tops. Coffeemaker, blender, microwave, disposal, dishwasher and beautiful crockery,
silverware and
glassware make this kitchen a delight for the cook. The condo also has a large flat screen
TV which
receives many channels both in Spanish and English, as well as a slim-line DVD player.
importantly, the condo has wireless internet access for both work and play, making a visit
to Playa
Langosta almost as convenient as staying home � only MUCH, MUCH MORE BEAUTIFUL.
The location is unbeatable. Located directly on the glorious Langosta Beach, reverenced
by surfers
and nature-lovers alike, the condo is less than a mile south of Tamarindo. Tamarindo
itself has all
the amenities of a thriving town and is replete with restaurants, bars and shops, but still
the quaint Costa Rican charm. So come to Langosta! If we could live here ourselves full
time we
wouldn�t dream of renting it out, but as we can�t, come enjoy our little piece of
Paradise. Savor the
beauty of nature as well as the comfort and elegance of a well-planned luxury home.
Want to learn to
surf? Now is the time, with the world-class instructors in Tamarindo. Want a relaxing
massage? Let
trained professionals come to your home-away-from home and give you a massage on
your own terrace.
Stroll the beach or walk through the jungle and hear the parrots and see the howler
monkeys. Sip wine
on our terrace and relax into a world-class vacation.
vacation rental location
property availability
- dates with deals
- unavailable dates
Last modified on 08-30-2014 at 4:26 PM.
email owner view full calendar
Jane Goldberg 818 517-9120
condo rental amenities
Air Conditioning, Washer, Dryer, Linens Provided: Beach towels provided. Off Street
King Bed (2-3): Two master bedrooms, each with a luxurious king sized bed. (2)
Twin/Single Beds:
Guest bedroom with two lovely twin sized beds. These beds can be converted to a king
sized bed upon
request. Convertible queen sofa bed in living room sleeps 2.
Cable/Satellite TV, DVD Shared Pool: Beautiful pool with a view of the ocean.
Full Kitchen: Coffee maker, toaster, blender, food processor and a full compliment of
necessities. There are also dishes, glasses and utensils for 12. Cooking Utensils Provided.
Refrigerator, Dishwasher, Microwave, Catering Available.
Outdoor Feature:
Deck/Patio: A large main floor balcony with two long couches, a large dining table for six,
and an
incredible view of the ocean and beach. 2 Juilet balconies, one off of each master
bedroom. A second
large covered terrace off of the up stairs master bedroom with two lounge chairs and
ottomans and an
amazing view of the sunset.
Beachfront: Incredible views of the ocean and Langosta beach from both levels of this
penthouse unit.
Spectacular sunset views.
Broadband Internet WiFi (Wireless Internet)
No Pets Allowed. Kid Friendly. Minimum Age Limit for Renters: Renter must be at least
25 years old.
Smoking not allowed. Absolutely no smoking as homeowner is allergic to smoke.
activities and attractions in Tamarindo Costa Rica
Activities (on site and nearby)
Golf, Zoo/Wildlife Park, Shopping, Sightseeing, Restaurants, Rafting, Sailing, Boating, Jet
Shelling, Swimming, Snorkeling/Diving, Surfing, Boogie Boarding, Biking, Mountain Biking,
Viewing, Hiking, Fishing, Spa, SpaHorseback Riding, and much, much more. Our
management service will
be happy to help you arrange for any day trips and activities.
vacation rental rates
Low Season (Sept. 7, 2010-Nov. 12, 2010).....$1695/week
Mid Season (May 2, 2010-Sept. 6, 2010).......$1895/week
High Season (Nov. 13, 2010-May 1, 2011).......$2295/week
Holiday Weeks (Dec. 17, 2010-Jan. 2, 2011)......$3995/week
** $200.00 DISCOUNT ON A WEEK STAY IN SEPTEMBER and OCTOBER! 3-6 nights take 10% off.
Monthly rentals available. Please inquire about rates.
Nightly $275-$330 minimum. Three night minimum rental. Rates include all taxes.
25% non-refundable deposit when booked. Balance due 60 days before arrival.
$500 security deposit due at the time of booking. Refunded within 14 days of stay.
Jane Goldberg 818 517-9120
accepted payment methods
Prior to paying a reservation deposit, always verify payment instructions by calling the phone number displayed on this listing page. By contacting the owner directly and paying by an approved method - credit card, paypal, check or bank transfer - your reservation payment will be protected up to $1,000.Learn more in our Security Center


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The Bottom Line
- Fans of the Alex Cross series will be glad to see the next installment on shelves.
- Unbelievable action.
- Flat, underdeveloped characters.
- Too much violence used to disguise thin plot.
- Detective Alex Cross pursues his wife's potential killer.
- "The Butcher" is a serial rapist and murderer who mutilates victims.
- Flashbacks to Cross' wife and the Butcher's evil father attempt to create motive and depth.
Guide Review - Cross by James Patterson - Book Review
As I mentioned, Cross is the first Alex Cross novel I have read. Perhaps if I had read the previous novels in this series, I would have been drawn in faster. Unfortunately, I was not caught up in the story. I expect to not want to put a thriller down. This was a book I forgot about until I saw it on my nightstand again. I never really looked forward to reading it or cared about the characters very much.
I was also turned off by how violent the story was. I can stomach violence in novels when it serves a meaningful purpose. The violence in Cross felt like an emotional tool to manipulate readers into caring more than the thinly developed characters or plot warranted.
If you have never read an Alex Cross novel before, don't start here. If you have and enjoyed them, maybe you will find Cross tolerable. I still would not recommend paying hardcover price.


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New GOP Push to Kill Obamacare
Senate Republicans are launching another effort to defund parts of President Barack Obama's health care law, including what their campaign chairman referred to Wednesday as "the death panel."
All 46 Republican senators signed on to a letter spearheaded by Sen. John Thune, R-S.D., that calls for a permanent delay of the health care law.
"While your recent action provides temporary relief for some, we believe that all Americans deserve permanent relief from this onerous law, so that we can adopt common-sense reforms that will actually lower costs and that Americans support," the Republicans wrote in the letter to Obama.
At a news conference unveiling the letter, Sen. Jerry Moran of Kansas announced his plan to offer amendments to the Labor-Health and Human Services-Education appropriations bill during the full Senate Appropriations markup Thursday.
"Among a series of amendments that I will offer to that bill are two that I wanted to talk about today. One, I will offer an amendment to — no money can be used to enforce the mandate on business within the Affordable Care Act, and two, I will offer an amendment that says no money can be spent in this bill to enforce the individual mandate," Moran said. In addition to chairing the National Republican Senatorial Committee, he serves as the ranking member on the Appropriations subcommittee.
"I will offer an amendment that will defund IPAB, the so-called death panel, to transfer that money to be utilized for children's health research," Moran said, adding that Republicans also "will offer an amendment to eliminate the $1.4 billion that is in the bill to fund the exchanges," citing states that decided against establishing their own health care exchanges.
The Independent Payment Advisory Board, known as IPAB, was created in the health care law as a mechanism to create cost controls for Medicare. Under the law, the panel would only be mandated to make Medicare cuts if the projected growth in the cost per beneficiary exceeded a specific target. Congress could override the cuts IPAB suggests as long as lawmakers propose reductions that save the same amount of money.
"Anything that we can do to delay the impacts of this on the American people is a good thing," Thune said. "While we all acknowledge that delaying the employer mandate for a year is a good thing, the individual mandate is set to kick in on January 1 of next year. That's going to hit six million Americans with an on-average $1,200 tax increase."
Moran argued that particularly given the limited amount of money available to appropriators, they shouldn't be funding the mandates in the health care law, which he said is "falling apart."
Senators speaking at the news conference announcing the letter to Obama declined to go as far as Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah, who has suggested that a government shutdown this fall may be a better option than accepting Democratic spending bills that fund the health care law.
"If congressional Democrats want to oppose appropriations bills without additional ObamaCare funding, shut down the government, and side with the President and big business against the American people, then it's their choice," Lee said in a Tuesday statement.
Asked to respond to those comments, Missouri Sen. Roy Blunt, an appropriator and member of the GOP leadership, said it was too early to have such a conversation given the fiscal year ends in September.
"First of all, we're a long way from September 30," Blunt said. "Secondly, what we need to see for the first time in six years is for the appropriations process to actually work: produce a bill, amend it on the floor. This idea that we only spend the amount of money we spent last year and then subject it to sequestration is not the way to do business.
"I think all those discussions are premature," Blunt said, saying that if the Senate gets back to regular order, "There'll be plenty of opportunities to amend that bill on the floor in any way that any member of the Senate wants to."
Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., has repeatedly said he would like to bring spending bills to the floor this year but that he will need Republican cooperation to do so.
Dena Bunis contributed to this report.
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Staging Consultation Services
Southeastern Realty Group has PROVEN that you want to present your home in a manner that says "BUY ME!"
If you have a choice between spending $1,000 improve the look of your home with staging or reducing your home by $10,000* (or more) which is the more obvious choice? The obvious answer is to spend $1,000 and put the other $9,000 in your pocket! Make the SMART choice and take advantage of our Staging Consultation Services!
*These numbers are just examples and every scenario is different. Some staging make take more, some may take less investment.
For a free consultation, fill out the form below


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Petra Kaiser has taught workshops all over the United States and abroad, you may know her from her popular books, Introduction to Glass Fusing, Fuse It and Glass Forming with the Mold Block System. She specializes in the creating and developing of new forms and products. One of the latest and most challenging techniques is the combination of cast glass elements and fairly thin glass - only 1 to 2 layers thick. Petra will share her ideas and techniques that she has discovered over the past 15 years of kiln forming glass via slide show and samples of her exquisite art work.
November 7th Art Hop, downtown Kalamazoo
All that Glitters is Glass! Take a look at all that glittering glass to kick off the Holiday Season! Stroll through our members' displays, set your eyes and cheeks aglow with live glassblowing demonstrations, and visit the Reflections Gallery for beautiful gifts for everyone on your list!


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MOUNT VERNON — Jeanne Frances (Dorsey) Gasbarro, 87, of Mount Vernon, passed away surrounded by her loved ones on Thursday afternoon, Feb. 3, 2011, in the Palliative Care Unit at Knox Community Hospital.
She was born July 22, 1923, in Mount Vernon, a daughter of the late Everett and Barbara (Dial) Dorsey. Jeanne was a loving wife and mother, and was the last member of her generation in the family. During World War II, she was an active Defense worker. She was a life member of the DAV and the Ladies Auxiliary of the Loyal Order of Moose. Jeanne in younger days was very active in Community Theatre and was a supporter of the Mount Vernon Players and the Knox Community Hospital.
Jeanne is survived by her sons, Philip D. (Lyn) Gasbarro of Mount Vernon, Nicholas V. (Judy) Gasbarro of Salem, Ore., and Everett T. Gasbarro of Mount Vernon; grandchildren, Vinny, Rosa and Elissa; and several nieces and nephews.
In addition to her parents, Jeanne was preceded in death by her husband, William R. Gasbarro, on Aug. 17, 1986; sisters, Dorothy, Irene, Betty and Mary Jo; and her brother, Everett.
A memorial gathering will be held Monday, Feb. 21, at 10 a.m. at the Faith Lutheran Church, 170 Mansfield Ave., Mount Vernon. Inurnment will take place in Mound View Cemetery in Mount Vernon.
In lieu of flowers, the family asks that donations be made in Jeanne's memory to the Palliative Care Unit at Knox Community Hospital, 1330 Coshocton Ave., Mount Vernon, OH 43050.
Private condolences may be expressed to the family at www.snyderfuneralhomes.com.
The Dowds-Snyder Funeral Home in Mount Vernon is honored to have been chosen to serve the family of Jeanne Frances (Dorsey) Gasbarro.