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Summary: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)
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Publications203 found, 100 shown here
- Blocker protection in the pore of a voltage-gated K+ channel and its structural implicationsD del Camino
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Nature 403:321-5. 2000..This bend would occur at a Pro-X-Pro sequence that is highly conserved in Kv channels, near the site of activation gating...
- The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivityD A Doyle
Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Science 280:69-77. 1998..The architecture of the pore establishes the physical principles underlying selective K+ conduction...
- Stoichiometry of expressed KCNQ2/KCNQ3 potassium channels and subunit composition of native ganglionic M channels deduced from block by tetraethylammoniumJennifer K Hadley
Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
J Neurosci 23:5012-9. 2003..rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, by comparing the block of these currents produced by tetraethylammonium (TEA) with the block of currents generated by a tandem KCNQ3/2 construct...
- Melatonin inhibits tetraethylammonium-sensitive potassium channels of rod ON type bipolar cells via MT2 receptors in rat retinaX F Yang
Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
Neuroscience 173:19-29. 2011..Electrophysiologically, application of melatonin selectively inhibited the tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive K+ current component, but did not show any effect on the 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive ..
- Contribution of the Kv3.1 potassium channel to high-frequency firing in mouse auditory neuronesL Y Wang
Departments of Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
J Physiol 509:183-94. 1998..displayed rapid activation and deactivation kinetics, and was selectively blocked by a low concentration of tetraethylammonium (TEA; 1 mM). 4...
- Kv2 subunits underlie slowly inactivating potassium current in rat neocortical pyramidal neuronsD Guan
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
J Physiol 581:941-60. 2007..1 subunits. Compared with Kv2.1 currents in expression systems, the Kv2.1 current in neocortical pyramidal cells activated and inactivated at relatively negative potentials and was very sensitive to holding potential...
- Mechanisms of tetraethylammonium ion block in the KcsA potassium channelV B Luzhkov
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, S-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
FEBS Lett 495:191-6. 2001We report results from automated docking and microscopic molecular dynamics simulations of the tetraethylammonium (TEA) complexes with KcsA...
- Differential expression of intrinsic membrane currents in defined cell types of the anterolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalisSayamwong E Hammack
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
J Neurophysiol 98:638-56. 2007..The functional relevance of each cell type is discussed in relation to prior anatomical studies, as well as how these currents may interact to modulate neuronal activity within the BNST(ALG)...
- Slow gating charge immobilization in the human potassium channel Kv1.5 and its prevention by 4-aminopyridineD Fedida
Department of Physiology, Queen s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
J Physiol 494:377-87. 1996..5 channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells was studied using 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA-Cl). 2...
- Differential tetraethylammonium sensitivity of KCNQ1-4 potassium channelsJ K Hadley
Department of Pharmacology, University College London
Br J Pharmacol 129:413-5. 2000..of a tyrosine residue, just downstream of the pore signature sequence GYG, determines sensitivity to tetraethylammonium (TEA). The KCNQ family of channels has a variety of amino acid residues in the equivalent position...
- An electrostatic interaction between TEA and an introduced pore aromatic drives spring-in-the-door inactivation in Shaker potassium channelsChristopher A Ahern
Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
J Gen Physiol 134:461-9. 2009..with the native V438 inactivate very slowly, and the canonical foot-in-the-door effect of extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA) is not only absent, but the time course of slow inactivation is accelerated by TEA...
- Test of blockers of AQP1 water permeability by a high-resolution method: no effects of tetraethylammonium ions or acetazolamideRikke Søgaard
Nordic Centre for Water Imbalance Related Disorders, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Blegdamsvej 3C, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, DK 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
Pflugers Arch 456:285-92. 2008..In contrast to previous reports based on slower and less sensitive assays, we found no effects of tetraethylammonium ions (TEA+) and acetazolamide on Lp...
- Multi-state, 4-aminopyridine-sensitive ion channels in human spermatozoaY Gu
MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Division of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College School of Medicine, W12 0NN, London, UK
Dev Biol 274:308-17. 2004..Combined application of patch clamp and pharmacological investigation of mature sperm cells and will permit rapid advances in our understanding the role of ion channels in sperm function...
- Gating currents from a nonconducting mutant reveal open-closed conformations in Shaker K+ channelsE Perozo
Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California 90024
Neuron 11:353-8. 1993..Application of internal tetraethylammonium (an open channel blocker) induced Off charge immobilization for large depolarizations, suggesting that the ..
- Affinity and location of an internal K+ ion binding site in shaker K channelsJ Thompson
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
J Gen Physiol 117:373-84. 2001..These results lead to a refined picture of the number and location of ion binding sites at the inner end of the pore in Shaker K channels...
- Fictive locomotor patterns generated by tetraethylammonium application to the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitroG Taccola
Neurobiology, CNR INFM Unit and SPINAL Program, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Beirut 4, 34014 Trieste, Italy
Neuroscience 137:659-70. 2006..The present electrophysiological investigation examined whether the broad spectrum potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium could generate locomotor-like patterns...
- PIP(2) activates KCNQ channels, and its hydrolysis underlies receptor-mediated inhibition of M currentsHailin Zhang
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA
Neuron 37:963-75. 2003..Finally, native or recombinant channels inhibited by muscarinic agonists can be activated by PIP(2). Our data strongly suggest that PIP(2) acts as a membrane-diffusible second messenger to regulate directly the activity of KCNQ currents...
- Tetraethylammonium binding to the outer mouth of the KcsA potassium channel: implications for ion permeationLeonardo Guidoni
INFM Democritos Center for Molecular Simulations and International School for Advanced Studies SISSA, Via Beirut 4, 1 34014 Trieste, Italy
J Recept Signal Transduct Res 22:315-31. 2002Extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA+) inhibits the current carried out by K+ ions in potassium channels...
- Control of outer vestibule dynamics and current magnitude in the Kv2.1 potassium channelPayam Andalib
Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
J Gen Physiol 120:739-55. 2002..Moreover, the insensitivity of Kv2.1 current magnitude to changes in K+ driving force promotes a more uniform modulation of current over a wide range of membrane potentials by the K+-dependent regulation of outer vestibule conformation...
- Mutations stabilizing an open conformation within the external region of the permeation pathway of the potassium channel KcsAD Meuser
Angewandte Genetik der Mikroorganismen, FB Biologie/Chemie, , Germany
Eur Biophys J 30:385-91. 2001..Based on the relative positions of the blocker tetraethylammonium within the electric field, the external entryways of the channels are concluded to have similar dimensions...
- Extracellular blockade of K(+) channels by TEA: results from molecular dynamics simulations of the KcsA channelS Crouzy
, 38054 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
J Gen Physiol 118:207-18. 2001....
- Effects of tetraethylammonium on Kx channels and simulated light response in rod photoreceptorsXiao Dong Liu
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Ann Biomed Eng 32:1428-42. 2004..For example, the effects of a conventional blocker of potassium channels, tetraethylammonium (TEA), on Kx channels have not been extensively studied...
- The internal quaternary ammonium receptor site of Shaker potassium channelsK L Choi
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Neuron 10:533-41. 1993..Several mutations in the P region affect tetraethylammonium binding but have minimal effects on longer blockers, suggesting that the hydrophobic tail contributes to ..
- U-type inactivation of Kv3.1 and Shaker potassium channelsK G Klemic
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Biophys J 81:814-26. 2001..We introduce the term U-type inactivation for the mechanism that is dominant in Kv2.1 and Kv3.1. U-type inactivation also makes a major but previously unrecognized contribution to slow inactivation of Shaker...
- Mutations affecting internal TEA blockade identify the probable pore-forming region of a K+ channelG Yellen
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
Science 251:939-42. 1991..A useful probe for the pore of potassium-selective channels is the organic ion tetraethylammonium (TEA), which binds with millimolar affinity to the intracellular opening of the pore and blocks potassium ..
- Mechanism underlying slow kinetics of the OFF gating current in Shaker potassium channelA Melishchuk
Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
Biophys J 80:2167-75. 2001..the side chain at position 470 makes it possible for the mutant channel, unlike native Shaker, to close with tetraethylammonium (TEA+) or the long-chain TEA-derivative C10+ trapped inside the channel...
- Kinetics of inward-rectifier K+ channel block by quaternary alkylammonium ions. dimension and properties of the inner poreD Guo
Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
J Gen Physiol 117:395-406. 2001..These observations argue that between the intracellular solution and the QA-binding locus, there exists a constricted pathway, whose dimension ( approximately 9 A) is comparable to that of a K+ ion with a single H2O shell...
- External TEA block of shaker K+ channels is coupled to the movement of K+ ions within the selectivity filterJill Thompson
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
J Gen Physiol 122:239-46. 2003....
- Functional identification of ion binding sites at the internal end of the pore in Shaker K+ channelsJill Thompson
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642, USA
J Physiol 549:107-20. 2003..These results provide information on the fine-structure of ion interactions with the inner end of the pore in K+ channels...
- Pharmacological evidence for the activation of potassium channels as the mechanism involved in the hypotensive and vasorelaxant effect of dioclein in rat small resistance arteriesS F Cortes
Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Farmacologia ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 31270 901, Belo Horizonte Brazil
Br J Pharmacol 133:849-58. 2001..b>Tetraethylammonium (10 mM) and BaCl(2) (1 mM) increased the IC(50) for dioclein-induced vasorelaxation without affecting the ..
- Evidence for sequential ion-binding loci along the inner pore of the IRK1 inward-rectifier K+ channelHyeon Gyu Shin
Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvasnia, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
J Gen Physiol 126:123-35. 2005..For technical simplicity, we used tetraethylammonium (TEA) as an initial probe to test whether the corresponding residue in IRK1, F254, forms the shallower site...
- Activation of pre- and postsynaptic protein kinase C during tetraethylammonium-induced long-term potentiation in the CA1 field of the hippocampusG M Ramakers
Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Neurosci Lett 286:53-6. 2000b>Tetraethylammonium (TEA) induces a form of long-term potentiation (LTP) that is independent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation (LTP(K)). LTP(K) may be a suitable chemical model to study molecular mechanisms underlying LTP...
- Role of voltage-gated potassium channels in the fate determination of embryonic stem cellsSze Ying Ng
Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
J Cell Physiol 224:165-77. 2010..b>Tetraethylammonium (TEA(+)), a K(v) blocker, attenuated cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner...
- Effects of tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine on the plateau potential of circular myometrium from the pregnant ratD W Wilde
Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
Biol Reprod 38:836-45. 1988..To examine mechanisms underlying the plateau, we studied the effects of potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on membrane potentials in CM from rats on gestation Days 14, 15, 16, 21 (..
- Stepwise contribution of each subunit to the cooperative activation of BK channels by Ca2+Xiaowei Niu
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101 6430, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:11441-6. 2002..Although this model described well the major features of the experimental data, some differences between the observed and predicted results indicated that additional factors not included in the model also contribute to the cooperativity...
- Tail end of the s6 segment: role in permeation in shaker potassium channelsShinghua Ding
Department of Physiology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
J Gen Physiol 120:87-97. 2002..These results indicate that S6(T) residues have an influence on the conformation of the open activation gate, reflected in both the stability of the open state and the energy barriers it presents to ions...
- ERG K+ currents regulate pacemaker activity in ICCYaohui Zhu
Intestinal Disease Research Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285:G1249-58. 2003..E-4031 also inhibited tetraethylammonium (TEA)-insensitive outward current indicating that the ERG K+ current is operating at depolarizing potentials...
- Evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effects of pimaradienoic acid isolated from the roots of Viguiera arenaria on rat aortaCarlos R Tirapelli
Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
Pharmacology 70:31-8. 2004..However, the relaxant responses induced by PA on Phe-pre-contracted rings were unaffected by tetraethylammonium (1 and 5 mmol/l). PA also relaxed KCl-pre-contracted rings with intact (97.44 +/- 3...
- Rapid intracellular TEA block of the KcsA potassium channelEsin Kutluay
Department of Biochemistry, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
Biophys J 88:1018-29. 2005Intracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA) inhibition was studied at the single-channel level in the KcsA potassium channel reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers...
- Quantitative analysis of voltage-gated potassium currents from primary equine (Equus caballus) and elephant (Loxodonta africana) articular chondrocytesA Mobasheri
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, United Kingdom
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289:R172-80. 2005..of equine chondrocyte Kv currents showed them to be powerfully inhibited by the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine but not by dendrotoxin-I. Immunohistochemical studies using polyclonal antibodies to Kv1...
- Characterization of the Kv channels of mouse carotid body chemoreceptor cells and their role in oxygen sensingM Teresa Pérez-García
Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC, Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Valladolid, Spain
J Physiol 557:457-71. 2004..This report represents the first functional and molecular characterization of Kv channels in mouse CB chemoreceptor cells, and strongly suggests that O(2)-sensitive Kv channels in this preparation belong to the Kv3 subfamily...
- Vasorelaxant effect of taurine is diminished by tetraethylammonium in rat isolated arteriesLong Gang Niu
Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
Eur J Pharmacol 580:169-74. 2008..BaCl(2), a K(IR) blocker), and 100 nM iberiotoxin (a BK(Ca) blocker), but was nearly abolished by 10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA, a non-selective potassium channel blocker)...
- Binding of a gating modifier toxin induces intersubunit cooperativity early in the Shaker K channel's activation pathwayJon T Sack
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
J Gen Physiol 128:119-32. 2006..A lack of competition with either agitoxin or tetraethylammonium indicates that BrMT binds channel subunits outside of the external pore region in an allosterically ..
- Activation and block of mouse muscle-type nicotinic receptors by tetraethylammoniumGustav Akk
Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University St Louis, Campus Box 8054, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
J Physiol 551:155-68. 2003..studied the activation and inhibition of the mouse muscle adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by tetraethylammonium (TEA) and related quaternary ammonium derivatives...
- Structural determinants of the regulation of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv2.1 by the modulatory α-subunit Kv9.3Daniel Kerschensteiner
Max Planck Institut fur experimentelle Medizin, Molekulare Biologie Neuronaler Signale, Hermann Rein Strasse 3, 37075 Gottingen, Germany
J Biol Chem 278:18154-61. 2003..1 can be distinguished by the sensitivity to intracellular tetraethylammonium and extracellular potassium and lead to the same inactivated conformation. The functional properties of Kv2...
- Inactivation and pharmacological properties of sqKv1A homotetramers in Xenopus oocytes cannot account for behavior of the squid "delayed rectifier" K(+) conductanceHenry H Jerng
Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA
Biophys J 82:3022-36. 2002..These results suggest that important structural differences between sqKv1A homotetramers and native squid channels are likely to exist around the external and internal mouths of the pore...
- Structural basis of TEA blockade in a model potassium channelMichael J Lenaeus
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
Nat Struct Mol Biol 12:454-9. 2005..b>Tetraethylammonium (TEA) blocks ion conduction through potassium channels in a voltage-dependent manner from both sides of the ..
- Quaternary ammonium compounds as water channel blockers. Specificity, potency, and site of actionFrank J M Detmers
Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
J Biol Chem 281:14207-14. 2006..Here, we determined the specificity, potency, and binding site of tetraethylammonium (TEA) to block Aquaporin water permeability...
- Primary structure and functional expression of the apical organic cation transporter from kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cellsD Gründemann
Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
J Biol Chem 272:10408-13. 1997..OCT2p-mediated uptake of the prototypical organic cation [14C]tetraethylammonium ([14C]TEA) into 293 cells was saturable...
- Altered excitability of intestinal neurons in primary culture caused by acute oxidative stressFivos Vogalis
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
J Neurophysiol 89:3039-50. 2003..Our results indicate that acute oxidative stress has neuron- and conductance-specific actions in intestinal neurons that may underlie pathophysiological conditions...
- Tethered blockers as molecular 'tape measures' for a voltage-gated K+ channelR O Blaustein
Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
Nat Struct Biol 7:309-11. 2000..We show that in a Shaker K+ channel, the extracellular ends of S1 and S3 are approximately 30 ¿ from the tetraethylammonium (TEA) blocking site at the external opening of the pore...
- Transcellular transport of creatinine in renal tubular epithelial cell line LLC-PK1Yumiko Urakami
Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 20:200-5. 2005..Creatinine is excreted into urine via tubular secretion in addition to glomerular filtration. In the present study, characteristics of the creatinine transport in renal epithelial cells were investigated...
- Status of the intracellular gate in the activated-not-open state of shaker K+ channelsDonato Del Camino
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
J Gen Physiol 126:419-28. 2005..only after opening, remaining trapped in closed channels, and that in the open state it competes with tetraethylammonium for binding...
- The external TEA binding site and C-type inactivation in voltage-gated potassium channelsPayam Andalib
Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
Biophys J 87:3148-61. 2004The location of the tetraethylammonium (TEA) binding site in the outer vestibule of K+ channels, and the mechanism by which external TEA slows C-type inactivation, have been considered well-understood...
- A cation-pi interaction between extracellular TEA and an aromatic residue in potassium channelsChristopher A Ahern
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
J Gen Physiol 128:649-57. 2006Open-channel blockers such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) have a long history as probes of the permeation pathway of ion channels...
- Separation of P/C- and U-type inactivation pathways in Kv1.5 potassium channelsHarley T Kurata
Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver B C V6T 1Z3, Canada
J Physiol 568:31-46. 2005..Collectively, these data distinguish between open-state and closed-state inactivation, and suggest the presence of multiple possible mechanisms of inactivation coexisting in Kv1 channels...
- Two stable, conducting conformations of the selectivity filter in Shaker K+ channelsJill Thompson
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642, USA
J Gen Physiol 125:619-29. 2005..Our analysis further suggests that the four K(+) sites in the selectivity filter are spaced between 20 and 25% of the membrane electric field...
- Ryanoid modification of the cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor channel results in relocation of the tetraethylammonium binding siteB Tanna
Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
J Gen Physiol 117:385-94. 2001....
- The influence of surface charges on quaternary ammonium block of shaker K+ channelsC C Quinn
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
J Membr Biol 182:233-43. 2001..We examined the ionic strength dependence of extracellular block of Shaker K+ channels by tetraethylammonium ions (TEA+) and by a trivalent quaternary ammonium ion, gallamine3+...
- Structure-activity relationship for extracellular block of K+ channels by tetraalkylammonium ionsVictor B Luzhkov
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
FEBS Lett 554:159-64. 2003..In agreement with experiment the Et4N+ blocker shows several kcal/mol better binding than the other tetraalkylammonium ions...
- Number of K(Ca) channels underlying spontaneous miniature outward currents (SMOCs) in mudpuppy cardiac neuronsF S Scornik
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
J Neurophysiol 85:54-60. 2001....
- Interaction between tetraethylammonium and permeant cations at the inactivation gate of the HERG potassium channelHirofumi Shimizu
Department of Physiology, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, 910 1193 Japan
Jpn J Physiol 53:25-34. 2003..related gene product (HERG) channel is a form of C-type inactivation and is decelerated by external tetraethylammonium (TEA) and potassium...
- Tetraethylammonium block of water flux in Aquaporin-1 channels expressed in kidney thin limbs of Henle's loop and a kidney-derived cell lineAndrea J Yool
Dept of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
BMC Physiol 2:4. 2002..b>Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 0...
- Voltage-dependent K+ currents in rat cardiac dorsal root ganglion neuronsR Rola
The Medical University of Warsaw, The Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26 28, 00 927, Warsaw, Poland
Neuroscience 119:181-91. 2003..4-Aminopiridyne (4-AP) (10 mM) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) (100 mM) produced 98% and 92% reductions of I(Af) current, respectively and 27% and 66% of I(As) ..
- Amyloid beta-protein fragment 31-35 suppresses delayed rectifying potassium channels in membrane patches excised from hippocampal neurons in ratsJin Shun Qi
Department of Neurobiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
Synapse 51:165-72. 2004....
- Maturation of spiking activity in trout retinal ganglion cells coincides with upregulation of Kv3.1- and BK-related potassium channelsJutta Henne
Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany
J Neurosci Res 75:44-54. 2004..This was accompanied by the occurrence of a highly tetraethylammonium (TEA)- and quinine-sensitive delayed rectifier current, which gradually masked a rapidly inactivating A-type ..
- Postdecentralization plasticity of voltage-gated K+ currents in glandular sympathetic neurons in ratsBartłomiej Szulczyk
The Medical University of Warsaw, The Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26 28, Warsaw 00 927, Poland
Eur J Neurosci 18:43-52. 2003..3 pA/pF. We suggest that the upregulation of voltage-gated time-dependently-inactivated K(+) currents and their faster recovery from inactivation serve to restrain the activity of glandular sympathetic neurons after decentralization...
- PACAP inhibits delayed rectifier potassium current via a cAMP/PKA transduction pathway: evidence for the involvement of I k in the anti-apoptotic action of PACAPY A Mei
Department of Physiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Eur J Neurosci 19:1446-58. 2004..medium, and this long-term depolarizing effect of PACAP was mimicked by the I(K) specific blocker tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA)...
- Predominant expression of Kv1.3 voltage-gated K+ channel subunit in rat prostate cancer cell lines: electrophysiological, pharmacological and molecular characterisationS P Fraser
Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Pflugers Arch 446:559-71. 2003..Thus, the currents were blocked by 4-aminopyridine, tetraethylammonium, verapamil, margatoxin, and charybdotoxin, with highly similar IC(50)s for given blockers...
- Tetraethylammonium (TEA) increases the inactivation time constant of the transient K+ current in suprachiasmatic nucleus neuronsLudovic Alvado
Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239 3098, USA
Brain Res 1221:24-9. 2008..b>Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is frequently used to inhibit delayed rectifier K(+) currents (I(DR)) during electrophysiological ..
- Role of 20-HETE in the hypoxia-induced activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channel currents in rat cerebral arterial muscle cellsDebebe Gebremedhin
Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294:H107-20. 2008..identified a voltage- and Ca(2+)-dependent 238 +/- 21-pS unitary K(+) currents that are inhibitable by tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mM) or iberiotoxin (100 nM)...
- Reduction of voltage-operated potassium currents by levetiracetam: a novel antiepileptic mechanism of action?Michael Madeja
Institute for Physiology, University Munster, Robert Koch Str 27a, 48149 Munster, Germany
Neuropharmacology 45:661-71. 2003..This suggests that a reduction of potassium currents may contribute to the antiepileptic effect(s) of levetiracetam...
- State-dependent enhancement of subthreshold A-type potassium current by 4-aminopyridine in tuberomammillary nucleus neuronsAlexander C Jackson
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
J Neurosci 27:10785-96. 2007..Ramp-evoked current at subthreshold voltages was unaffected by 10 mM tetraethylammonium and likely represents I(A), because its voltage dependence overlaps that of I(A) activation (midpoint near -..
- Potassium channels in human umbilical artery cellsVeronica Milesi
Anatomía y Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
J Soc Gynecol Investig 10:339-46. 2003..To identify K+ channels of smooth muscle of human umbilical artery using the patch-clamp technique and to study their effect on resting tone of umbilical artery rings...
- Biophysical properties and metabolic regulation of a TASK-like potassium channel in rat carotid body type 1 cellsBeatrice A Williams
University Laboratory of Physiology, Parks Rd, Oxford 0X1 3PT, UK
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 286:L221-30. 2004....
- [Changes of potassium channel activity of hindlimb arterial smooth muscle cells in tail-suspended rats]Zhao Jun Fu
Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) 16:253-6. 2003....
- Determinants of renal microvascular response to ACh: afferent and efferent arteriolar actions of EDHFXuemei Wang
Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282:F124-32. 2002..Ba (100 micromol/l), tetraethylammonium (1 mmol/l), and ouabain (3 mmol/l) had no effect, arguing against a role of an inward rectifier K channel, ..
- [Changes in potassium channel currents of prostate epithelial cell of old rats and significance thereof]Zhi Guo Tang
Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 87:842-6. 2007..To investigate the potassium channel currents and response thereof to the blocker of potassium channel in epithelium of prostate of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats...
- Effects of leucine-enkephalin on potassium currents in neurons in the rat respiratory center in vitroA N Inyushkin
Samara State University, 1 Academician Pavlov Street, 443011 Samara, Russia
Neurosci Behav Physiol 37:739-46. 2007....
- Potassium currents in primary cultured astrocytes from the rat corpus callosumDaniel Reyes-Haro
Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, 76230, Mexico
J Neurocytol 34:411-20. 2005..the current had a transient component and a sustained component, which were blocked by 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium, respectively; and both had a reversal potential of -66 mV, indicating that they were carried by K(+) ions...
- Serotonin depolarizes the membrane potential in rat mesenteric artery myocytes by decreasing voltage-gated K+ currentsYoung Min Bae
Artificial Muscle Research Center, College of Medicine, Konkuk University 322 Danwol dong, Choongju 380 701, Republic of Korea
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 347:468-76. 2006..In the presence of tetraethylammonium (1mM), 5-HT caused Em depolarization similar to the control condition...
- Orexins cause depolarization via nonselective cationic and K+ channels in isolated locus coeruleus neuronsYoshinaka Murai
Department of Oral Functional Science Physiology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8586, Japan
Neurosci Res 51:55-65. 2005..These results suggest that ORX-A/B increase the firing frequency of LC neurons through the depolarization probably produced by both augmentation of the nonselective cationic conductance and inhibition of the sustained K+ conductance...
- Modulation of the voltage-dependent K+ current by intracellular Mg2+ in rat aortic smooth muscle cellsPaolo Tammaro
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U K
Cardiovasc Res 65:387-96. 2005..However, potential targets and mechanisms of action of Mg2+i in the cardiovascular system remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of Mg2+i on the voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels in rat aortic myocytes (RAMs)...
- A-type voltage-gated K+ currents influence firing properties of isolectin B4-positive but not isolectin B4-negative primary sensory neuronsAmaresh Vydyanathan
Department of Anesthesiology, H187, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
J Neurophysiol 93:3401-9. 2005..In contrast, IB4-negative neurons exhibited a larger proportion of tetraethylammonium-sensitive Kv currents...
- Complex expression and localization of inactivating Kv channels in cultured hippocampal astrocytesLane K Bekar
Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Rm B39 Health Sciences Bldg, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
J Neurophysiol 93:1699-709. 2005..However, this study suggests that they enable astrocytes to respond rapidly with membrane voltage oscillations to high-frequency incoming signals, possibly synchronizing astrocyte function to neuronal activity...
- Homogeneous distribution of large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels on soma and apical dendrite of rat neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neuronsNarimane Benhassine
Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Buhlplatz 5, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Eur J Neurosci 21:914-26. 2005..Their activation might modulate the shape of sodium and calcium action potentials, their propagation along the dendrite, and thereby the electrotonic distance between the somatic and dendritic action potential initiation zones...
- Biophysical characterization of whole-cell currents in O2-sensitive neurons from the rat glossopharyngeal nerveV A Campanucci
Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
Neuroscience 132:437-51. 2005..The voltage-dependent outward K+ currents were sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 2 mM)...
- Postnatal development of carotid body glomus cell response to hypoxiaM J Wasicko
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Children s Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 154:356-71. 2006..These results support the hypothesis that postnatal maturation of glomus cell O(2) sensitivity involves developmental regulation of the expression and/or O(2)-sensitivity of background ionic conductances...
- A-type potassium current in retinal arteriolar smooth muscle cellsMary K McGahon
Centre of Vision Sciences, The Queen s University of Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:3281-7. 2005..The goal of the present study was to identify and characterize the A-type K(+) current in retinal microvascular smooth muscle (MVSM) and to examine its role in modulating membrane potential and cellular contractility...
- Potassium currents in isolated statocyst neurons and RPeD1 in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalisManabu Sakakibara
Laboratory of Neurobiological Engineering, Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of High Technology for Human Welfare, Tokai University, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
J Neurophysiol 94:3884-92. 2005..I(A) in hair cells is also smaller in amplitude than in RPeD1 and is activated at more depolarized potentials. In like manner, I(KV) is smaller in hair cells and is activated at more depolarized potentials than in RPeD1...
- Sodium-activated potassium conductance participates in the depolarizing afterpotential following a single action potential in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cellsXinhuai Liu
Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Brain Res 1023:185-92. 2004..Similarly, extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), 4-aminopyridine (3-10 mM) increased DAP and shifted the DAP10 reversal potential to a ..
- Identification of native rat cerebellar granule cell currents due to background K channel KCNK5 (TASK-2)Joseph F Cotten
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, Room s 261, Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 128:112-20. 2004..by extracellular, alkaline pH and cytoplasmic arachidonic acid (10-20 microM) and inhibited by cytoplasmic tetraethylammonium (TEA; 1 mM)...
- Demonstration of calcium-activated transient outward chloride current and delayed rectifier potassium currents in Swine atrial myocytesGui Rong Li
Department of Medicine Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, L8 01, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
J Mol Cell Cardiol 36:495-504. 2004..I(Kur) was resistant to tetraethylammonium, but sensitive to inhibition by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (IC(50) = 71.7 +/- 3.5 micromol/l)...
- [Inhibition of voltage-gated K+ current in rat intrapulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells by endothelin-1]Zai wen Fan
Pulmonary Disease Laboratory of Ministry of Health of China, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
Yao Xue Xue Bao 39:9-12. 2004..To investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the physiological and pathophysiological regulating mechanisms of voltage-gated K+ current (IKV) inhibition in rat intrapulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs)...
- Kv3 K+ channels enable burst output in rat cerebellar Purkinje cellsB E McKay
Neuroscience Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4 N1
Eur J Neurosci 20:729-39. 2004..Kv3 currents were differentiated from other tetraethylammonium-sensitive currents to establish their role in Purkinje cells under physiological conditions with current-..
- Properties of Xenopus Kv1.10 channels expressed in HEK293 cellsMark Fry
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
J Neurobiol 60:227-35. 2004..Consistent with this, either increasing the external concentration of K+ or external application of tetraethylammonium caused a decrease in the rate of inactivation. Pharmacologically, XKv1...
- Functional characterization of voltage-gated K+ channels in mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cellsEun A Ko
Div of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Univ of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093 0725, USA
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293:C928-37. 2007..Whole cell I(K(V)) were very sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA), as 1 mM TEA decreased the current amplitude by 32% while it took 10 mM 4-AP to decrease I(K(V)) by a ..
- Adenosine stimulates depolarization and rise in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] in type I cells of rat carotid bodiesFenglian Xu
Dept of Pharmacology and Center for Neurosciences, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290:C1592-8. 2006..The adenosine response was attenuated by anandamide but not by tetraethylammonium. Our results suggest that adenosine, acting via the adenylate cyclase and PKA pathways, inhibits the TASK-1 ..
- Characterization of the ion channel currents in single myocytes of the guinea pig prostateRichard J Lang
Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
J Urol 172:1179-87. 2004..We characterized membrane ionic currents underlying the action potential in single myocytes freshly isolated from the stroma of the guinea pig prostate...
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates the oxygen sensing type I (glomus) cells of rat carotid bodies via reduction of a background TASK-like K+ currentFenglian Xu
Department of Pharmacology and Center for Neurosciences, 9 70 Medical Science Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
J Neurochem 101:1284-93. 2007..In the presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), PACAP reduced a background K(+) current...
- The functional difference between transient and sustained K+ currents on the action potentials in tetrodotoxin-resistant adult rat trigeminal ganglion neuronsShinki Yoshida
Department of Physiology, Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Brain Res 1152:64-74. 2007..05-50 mM), which inhibited the I(A) by 50%, was 0.7 mM. That for tetraethylammonium (TEA, 0.02-20 mM) to inhibit 50% of I(K) was 1.5 mM. In the current-clamp mode, we used 0...
Research Grants108 found, 100 shown here
- Topical use of TEAC to treat cutaneous viral infectionDavid Osborne; Fiscal Year: 2006..The objectives of this proposal are to develop marketable, topical formulations of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) for the treatment of human papillomavirus-induced common warts...
- INTRACELLULAR STUDY OF ETHANOL EFFECTS ON BRAIN NEURONSMark S Brodie; Fiscal Year: 2010..Ethanol excitation is completely blocked by quinidine, but not by the other K channel blockers apamin, tetraethylammonium, barium or cesium...
- INTRACELLULAR STUDY OF ETHANOL EFFECTS ON BRAIN NEURONSMark Brodie; Fiscal Year: 2009..Ethanol excitation is completely blocked by quinidine, but not by the other K channel blockers apamin, tetraethylammonium, barium or cesium...
- Maturation and myogenic reactivity of cerebral arteriesJohn Buchholz; Fiscal Year: 2005..Wall thickness was similar between groups. In a separate series of experiments, the contractile effect of tetraethylammonium (TEA; a KCa channel blocker) was determined in cerebral arteries from neonatal and adult mice...
- Maturation and myogenic reactivity of cerebral arteriesGREG GEARY; Fiscal Year: 2003..Wall thickness was similar between groups. In a separate series of experiments, the contractile effect of tetraethylammonium (TEA; a KCa channel blocker) was determined in cerebral arteries from neonatal and adult mice...
- K+ CHANNEL EXPRESSION IN PANCREATIC BETA-CELLSLouis H Philipson; Fiscal Year: 2010..Surprisingly the Kv2.1-/- islets remain sensitive to tetraethylammonium, a blocker of Kv channels and Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa)...
- K+ CHANNEL EXPRESSION IN PANCREATIC BETA-CELLSLouis H Philipson; Fiscal Year: 2010..Surprisingly the Kv2.1-/- islets remain sensitive to tetraethylammonium, a blocker of Kv channels and Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa)...
- Role of MRP2 and MRP4 in renal organic anion excretionRYAN PELIS; Fiscal Year: 2007..Importantly, these studies will provide a view of the potential role of luminal events in drug-drug interactions and the development of nephrotoxicity, making it important work for improving overall health. ..
- MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION OF RENAL ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTStephen Wright; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- RENAL TRANSPORT OF ORGANIC CHELATORS OF HEAVY METALSStephen Wright; Fiscal Year: 2004..The proposed studies will result in a new, general model of the cellular strategy for secretion of a diverse array of xenobiotic OAs, and a more specific understanding of the action of heavy metal chelators on renal cells. ..
- Molecular Organization or Renal Organic Anion TransportStephen Wright; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Moleculer Organization of Renal Organic Cation TransportStephen H Wright; Fiscal Year: 2010..The results of these studies will help predict and, ideally, preempt unwanted drug-drug interactions in both the kidney and liver, and can be expected to assist in development of programs of rational drug design. ..
- Molecular Organization or Renal Organic Anion TransportStephen H Wright; Fiscal Year: 2010..abstract_text> ..
- HYPERTENSION--CONTRIBUTION OF ARTERIAL WALL CHANGESRobert Cox; Fiscal Year: 2001..In addition, these studies will provide a new molecular target for genetic linkage studies in hypertension as well as new potential therapeutic targets. ..
- Molecular Organization or Renal Organic Anion TransportStephen Wright; Fiscal Year: 2009..abstract_text> ..
- Molecular Organization of the Organic cation-Proton Exchanger, MATE1STEPHEN H contact WRIGHT; Fiscal Year: 2010..The results of these studies will help predict and, ideally, preempt unwanted drug-drug interactions in both the kidney and liver, and can be expected to assist in development of programs of structure-based rational drug design. ..
- Moleculer Organization of Renal Organic Cation TransportStephen Wright; Fiscal Year: 2007..Application of the information gained through these studies holds the promise of predicting potential drug-interactions and the basis of genetic differences in renal secretion of cationic xenobiotics. ..
- HYPERTENSION: CONTRIBUTION OF ARTERIAL WALL CHANGESRobert Cox; Fiscal Year: 2007..These studies will define a novel therapeutic target for antihypertensive drug development based upon the mechanism(s) of Ca2+-Kv channel modulation. ..
- Cerebellar NeurogensisAngelique Bordey; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- Actions of Ethanol on Ligand-Gated Ion ChannelsGustav Akk; Fiscal Year: 2006..The results from the experiments will be used to examine the mechanism and structural requirements in the ethanol-mediated modulation of the GABAA receptor function. ..
- PLASTICITY AT A CRAYFISH NEUROMUSCULAR SYNAPSEJen Wei Lin; Fiscal Year: 1999..Changes in calcium cooperativity add a new facet to our thinking of synaptic plasticity. ..
- Glial Cell Function on SVZ NeurogenesisAngelique Bordey; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Epithelial Na Channels and Regulation of Na ExcretionLAWRENCE PALMER; Fiscal Year: 2009..The work described in this proposal will elucidate how these control mechanisms work and will enhance our understanding of how hypertension develops and impact how it is treated. ..
- CONFERENCE PROGRAM FOR YOUNG MINORITY SCIENTISTSPETER MACLEISH; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- Developmental Neuroscience Research ProgramPETER MACLEISH; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- Methods & Noninvasive PK Study to Improve IontophoresisS Kevin Li; Fiscal Year: 2010..It will be a great benefit to the public if an effective drug delivery system such as ocular iontophoresis can replace injections and systemic administration for drug delivery to the back of the eye. ..
- CORE C: IMAGING CORECharles J Wilson; Fiscal Year: 2009..There will not be any significant change in the level of effort for key personnel in the next budget period. The estimated unobligated balance will not be greater than 25% of the current year's budget. ..
- Epithelial Na Channels and Regulation of Na ExcretionLawrence G Palmer; Fiscal Year: 2010..The work described in this proposal will elucidate how these control mechanisms work and will enhance our understanding of how hypertension develops and impact how it is treated. ..
- MEMBRANE PROCESSES MEDIATING NACL REABSORPTIONLAWRENCE PALMER; Fiscal Year: 1991..This project will increase the understanding of the importance process of NaCl reabsorption by epithelia, defects in which have been implicated in such diseases as cystic fibrosis, congestive heart failure and diarrhea...
- NEURONAL ORGANIZATION OF BASAL GANGLIACharles Wilson; Fiscal Year: 2003..This latter will allow us to determine whether there is an actual mismatch between physiological and anatomical estimates of connectivity (i.e. non-functional synaptic connections). ..
- COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF ION CHANNELSBenoit Roux; Fiscal Year: 2004..In addition, the calculations are used to characterize various microscopic factors which cannot easily be accessed experimentally, but are essential for understanding the molecular determinants of channel function. ..
- High Performance Computer System for Molecular ModelingBenoit Roux; Fiscal Year: 2004....
- Biogenesis of Voltage-Gated K+ ChannelsCarol Deutsch; Fiscal Year: 2007..3 will be made and studied. The experiments will employ a range of techniques, including biochemical and electrophysiological assays in Xenopus oocytes and microsomal membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. ..
- Methods to Control Transdermal lontophoresis VariabilityS Kevin Li; Fiscal Year: 2003..Our results will also advance the knowledge of the transport mechanisms and the barrier properties of the skin pathways during iontophoresis for future strategy development to enhance iontophoretic transport. ..
- NEOSTRIATAL CHOLINERGIC INTERNEURONS FIRING PATTERNSCharles Wilson; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..


text:
One of the areas of gaming culture that has progressed in leaps and bounds during this current console generation is the digital download. This development is occurring irrespective of platform, with all three major consoles, and even the handhelds, featuring varied libraries of downloadable games and content.
Without the potentially stifling expectations and overheads that come with full-fledged retail releases, developers working on these platforms are able to do so with elements of daring and idiosyncrasy -- with some of the more talked-about and successful games, such as Braid, PixelJunk Eden and World of Goo being as much mini-supernovae of creativity and inspiration as they are out-of-sync with mainstream gaming conventions.
Parallel to this, the download platforms also provide a new avenue for publishers to re-release selections from their back-catalogues for the pleasure of nostalgics, canon-hungry gaming historians and new audiences alike.
Nintendo's Virtual Console service, as well as early games to appear on Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade platform, would often be direct ports or emulations of titles from a variety of older consoles, from Super Mario Bros. to Castlevania: Symphony of the Night.
However, with the success of these downloadable platforms, and the progression towards more original content, it has become increasingly common for classic franchises to receive radical updates, or even full sequels (such as Capcom's multi-platform Mega Man 9) that offer more than mere nostalgia.
Indeed, in a case of cross-pollination, established publishers have tasked small, up-and-coming studios with the development of these games -- creating the phenomenon of European or North American developers being trusted with respected Japanese franchises.
Developers such as California's Backbone Entertainment (Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix), Washington's Tozai Games, and Sweden-based Southend Interactive (R-Type Dimensions) and GRIN (Bionic Commando Rearmed) have recently collaborated with companies like Capcom and Irem to bring some of their properties to the current gaming audience. These releases act as confluences of the issues surrounding the downloadable gaming platforms, and concerning re-introducing older games to newer gamers.
Regarding the beginnings of these projects, there is no blueprint. Backbone Entertainment used its relationship with Capcom, gained from porting a large amount of the company's classic franchises to the Xbox Live Arcade platform, to discuss the opportunities offered by XBLA and PSN for more interesting remakes and relaunches; this initiative resulted in original, fully-realised installments in the 1942, Commando and Street Fighter II series.
Southend/Tozai's R-Type: Dimensions
Tozai and Southend's R-Type Dimensions game, a remake of the first two entries in the arcade-based space shooter series, was more of a labour of love, born out of equal parts connections and passion.
Key members of the Tozai staff, such as President Sheila Boughten and Chief Advisor Scott Tsumura, had backgrounds in various localization-savvy developers, such as BulletProof Software and Microprose, which came in handy once they set up Tozai as a developer. Boughten explains:
"Scott worked with Irem many years ago and was involved with the development and marketing of R-Type when it was first released in 1987. Plus, Brett Ballow, who is responsible for product management and design at Tozai, is a huge fan of R-Type and R-Type II -- in fact, he owns the stand-up arcades! So we started development on [similar Xbox Live Arcade remake] Lode Runner and parallel to that we were looking at some other options, and R-Type came up rather naturally."
In contrast, Simon Viklund, creative director behind GRIN's Bionic Commando Rearmed, admits that his new version of Capcom's 1988 NES title is "primarily a marketing release" for the studio's full retail 3D reboot of the series.
Capcom were initially interested in merely porting the original in anticipation of GRIN's new game, but Viklund asserts that "the more we discussed it between the companies... Capcom saw the potential in the game and eventually decided to put more effort into it."
Each case presents the interesting situation where projects are given over to small, enthusiastic teams with much investment in the game -- not only in a career sense, but as consumers of the original properties. Those involved profess to being fans of the franchises, and admit to an ambition to communicate this to the current gaming community.
|Anatoly Ropotov
No word on emulation techniques used in some of these games?
|Neil Gower
High quality downloadable remakes like SSF2THD and BC Rearmed are great, and show that a good game idea can be kept relevant with a fresh coat of paint every now and then. The only thing holding this sector of the industry back now is the business end.
Case in point, one of the issues affecting the prices the market will bear for downloadable games is DRM. The DRM on PSN games (just like Steam games, and I expect WiiWare and XBLA are the same) means that although you can back them up, you can only restore them to an "activated" system. So unlike a Bionic Commando NES cart, in 20 years there's no guarantee that you'll be able to dig up your copy of BC Rearmed and find an old PS3 on eBay to play it on, because who knows if you'll be able to "activate" it.
These kinds of restrictions contribute to the perception that downloadable games are disposable, which diminishes their perceived value to the customer. Loosen up the DRM and I think downloadable games (the good ones at least) can command higher prices and enjoy a larger market share.
|Anatoly Ropotov
Neil: First of all you have to prove that players care about DRM.
The pricing of these games makes them impulse purchases, so you disregard DRM when you buy them.
There was some analysis on how many players have launched their games in 6 months after purchase. Unless it's a CoD4 or TF2 - the answer was in lower tens of percents.
BUT. As soon as some major content network will go down - be it BigFish Games, Sony or who knows what, then of course it will go down.
BUT. Free to play online games also do not have any guarantee on how long the game servers will be actually running... Players understand they could lose their stuff with several months warning, but they live NOW and not care about their spiky club in 6 months from now (as it'll become obsolete anyway).
|Anatoly Ropotov
Crap, there's no way to edit comments? That's so lame. Hey Gamasutra, how about we could edit our comments for 3 minutes???
BUT. As soon as some major content network will go down - be it BigFish Games, Sony or who knows what, then of course it will go down. This will disrupt many gamers communities bringing them fear their games will be lost forever... Unless the company will not decide to provide them with de-DRM which is probably impossible due to licensing agreements with developers. Or may be it is. Anyway, you might remember the big scandal around some music company that wanted to turn off their DRM servers (it was some MS service). Same will happen here and that epic failure will discredit entire DRM. The sooner it will happen, the faster players will start caring about DRM and it will get dropped - everyone will move to "games as services" concept anyway.
|Tom Newman
I am a HUGE fan of classic remakes/revivals. There are key games that will always be compelling, regardless of the flavor of the month. These few games that really stand the test of time need to be kept alive, and I think the current delivery method of the downloadable titles is great. The pricing of $5-$15 is perfect, as that's about what I used to spend in the real arcades for just one visit.
Mega Man 9 was cool, I think more classics should get old school sequels on XBLA/PSN.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/3l77gs/spanish_blood) has announced the addition of the "Spanish Blood Banking Market 2014: Innovations, Trends and Opportunities for Suppliers" report to their offering.
"Spanish Blood Banking Market 2014: Innovations, Trends and Opportunities for Suppliers" is a new strategic analysis prepared by the author in order to help current suppliers and potential market entrants identify and evaluate emerging opportunities and assist industry executives in developing effective business, new product development and marketing strategies.
During the next five years, the Spanish blood banking market is expected to undergo significant transformation, which will result from the convergence of several trends, including more stringent regulations advances in diagnostic technologies, IT, system engineering and automation and intensifying competition. Some segments will start resembling commodity markets, where product positioning and differentiation are more critical than underlying technology.
The changes in the marketplace will create exciting opportunities for new instruments and reagent systems, as well as auxiliary products, such as specimen preparation devices, controls, calibrators, and innovative IT applications.
Strategic Recommendations
The report explores future marketing and technological trends in the Spain provides estimates of the test volume, instrument placements and sales compares features of major automated and semi-automated analyzers profiles leading and emerging competitors and identifies specific product and market opportunities facing suppliers during the next ten years.
Blood Typing and Grouping Tests
Infectious Disease Screening Tests
For more information visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/3l77gs/spanish_blood
Research and Markets
Laura Wood, Senior Manager.
U.S. Fax: 646-607-1907
Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716
Sector: Diagnostics
Source: Research and Markets


text:
BALTIMORE — The first pitch of the 2014 Red Sox season is one the way Monday. Seems like a good time to make some sure-to-be-incorrect predictions on the Red Sox season.
If you read our preview section, I picked the Sox to claim a wild card spot with the Tampa Bay Rays winning the division. The Sox will finish 93-69, four games worse than last season and two behind the Rays.


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A Random Blog of Everything I like
Apparently, I am still in the mood for another Perilous challenge ;) As I have written in my introduction of R.I.P Challenge, I will be reading 2 books, watch some … Continue reading
For this time, I want to write something that sets in my homeland even though the picture from Creative writing Ink is clearly not of Indonesian Park. I emphasize more … Continue reading
This week's picture in Creative Writing Ink has intrigued me again. The picture only has small part in the story. I should warn you that the story is a bit … Continue reading
Someone told me about Joe Hill somewhere last year, she said that he is a very good writer that people tend to overlook. I never heard of him before. Then … Continue reading


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Quotes & Info
|BXP > SEC Filings for BXP > Form 10-Q on 9-Aug-2013
|All Recent SEC Filings
Quarterly Report
As used herein, the terms "we," "us," "our" and the "Company" refer to Boston Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation organized in 1997, individually or together with its subsidiaries, including Boston Properties Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, and our predecessors.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "might," "plan," "project," "result," "should," "will" and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected by the forward-looking statements. We caution you that while forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
• the continuing impacts of high unemployment and other macroeconomic trends, which are having and may continue to have a negative effect on the following, among other things:
• the fundamentals of our business, including overall market occupancy, tenant space utilization, and rental rates;
• the financial condition of our tenants, many of which are financial, legal and other professional firms, our lenders, counterparties to our derivative financial instruments and institutions that hold our cash balances and short-term investments, which may expose us to increased risks of default by these parties; and
• the value of our real estate assets, which may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or obtain or maintain debt financing secured by our properties or on an unsecured basis;
• general risks affecting the real estate industry (including, without limitation, the inability to enter into or renew leases, tenant space utilization, dependence on tenants' financial condition, and competition from other developers, owners and operators of real estate);
• failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets and sub-markets or to integrate acquisitions and developments successfully;
• the ability of our joint venture partners to satisfy their obligations;
• risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction (including, without limitation, construction delays, cost overruns, inability to obtain necessary permits and public opposition to such activities);
• risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including the impact of higher interest rates on the cost and/or availability of financing;
• risks associated with forward interest rate contracts and the effectiveness of such arrangements;
• risks associated with actual or threatened terrorist attacks;
• costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws;
• potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;
• risks associated with our potential failure to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
• possible adverse changes in tax and environmental laws;
• the impact of newly adopted accounting principles on our accounting policies and on period-to-period comparisons of financial results;
• risks associated with possible state and local tax audits;
• risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed; and
• the other risk factors identified in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, including those described under the caption "Risk Factors."
The risks set forth above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report may include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors, nor can it assess the impact of all risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Investors should also refer to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for future periods and Current Reports on Form 8-K as we file them with the SEC, and to other materials we may furnish to the public from time to time through Forms 8-K or otherwise, for a discussion of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events, or otherwise, and you should not rely upon these forward-looking statements after the date of this report.
We are a fully integrated self-administered and self-managed REIT and one of the largest owners and developers of Class A office properties in the United States. Our properties are concentrated in five markets-Boston, New York, Princeton, San Francisco and Washington, DC. We generate revenue and cash primarily by leasing our Class A office space to our tenants. Factors we consider when we lease space include the creditworthiness of the tenant, the length of the lease, the rental rate to be paid, the costs of tenant improvements and other landlord concessions, current and anticipated operating costs and real estate taxes, our current and anticipated vacancy, current and anticipated future demand for office space and general economic factors. From time to time, we also generate cash through the sale of assets.
Our core strategy has always been to own, operate and develop properties in supply-constrained markets with high barriers to entry and to focus on executing long-term leases with financially strong tenants. Historically, this combination has tended to reduce our exposure in down cycles and enhance revenues as market conditions improve. To be successful in the current leasing environment, we believe all aspects of the tenant-landlord relationship must be considered. In this regard, we believe that our understanding of tenants' short- and long-term space utilization and amenity needs in the local markets in which we operate, our relationships with local brokers, our reputation as a premier owner and operator of Class A office properties, our financial strength
and our ability to maintain high building standards provide us with a competitive advantage. We expect tenants in our markets to continue to take advantage of the ability to upgrade to high-quality space like ours, particularly those who value our operational expertise and financial stability when making their leasing decisions.
We are cautiously optimistic about the operating fundamentals in our markets. Our portfolio is concentrated in markets and submarkets where businesses are oriented on new ideas, such as technology, media and information distribution, mobility, life sciences and medical devices, and this segment of the economy is expanding and leasing additional office space. However, there continue to be headwinds against more rapid improvements in the office business. The strongest force is densification, which occurs as businesses seek less traditional layouts that cater to more collaborative work environments and fit people more efficiently into less space. We are also seeing new construction in our markets that, in many cases, is creating negative absorption.
Leasing activity in our portfolio during the second quarter of 2013 was stable with approximately 970,000 square feet of leases signed covering vacant space, extensions and expansions and pre-leasing for our development projects. With leases covering approximately 955,000 square feet, or approximately 2.3% of the space in our portfolio, expiring in 2013, we are well-positioned to cover our maturing leases and improve our occupancy. Each of the markets in which we operate has varying degrees of opportunities and challenges.
In the midtown Manhattan market, overall leasing activity during the second quarter of 2013 was strong. The increase in demand is driven by small but financially strong tenants and these tenants have not been as impacted by densification trends. Activity from larger tenants has increased, but the number of large lease expirations (200,000 square feet or more) is limited in 2013-2015 and many of these tenants are contracting the amount of space they require as leases expire. Activity in our portfolio has improved with occupancy improving by 70 basis points from the end of the first quarter to approximately 95.2% leased as of June 30, 2013, with little near-term lease expirations. Our 250 West 55th Street development project is currently 46% pre-leased and as it nears substantial completion, we are seeing increased interest from prospective tenants seeking space in the building.
In our Washington, DC region, the overall leasing activity continues to be slow and public sector and defense contractor demand has been adversely impacted by continued federal budgetary uncertainty, sequestration and the reductions in discretionary spending programs. However, our portfolio continues to have stable occupancy at approximately 95% with modest rollover/exposure through 2014 of approximately 7.6%.
In the Boston region, the expansion of the life sciences and technology industry is positively impacting each of the submarkets in which we operate. Our assets in the Boston Central Business District ("CBD") are 97.1% leased. The East Cambridge submarket remains healthy with vacancy rates below 10% and rising rental rents. Our Cambridge portfolio is 99.7% leased with no material expirations until 2014. In the suburbs of Boston along Route 128, we are also benefiting from the strong tenant demand in the technology and life sciences industries with the completion of 385,000 square feet of leases since the end of 2012. Our suburban portfolio is approximately 81.0% leased with approximately 939,000 square feet of availability and improving activity.
The San Francisco CBD and Silicon Valley submarkets continue to benefit from business expansion and job growth, particularly in the technology sector, which has resulted in positive absorption, lower vacancy and increasing rental rents. Our assets in San Francisco CBD and the Silicon Valley submarkets are 89.2% leased. During the second quarter of 2013, we commenced development activity at Transbay Tower, a 60-story, 1.4 million square foot office tower. These activities include initial subgrade and foundation construction activity with the expectation of completing this work by the end of 2014.
The table below details the leasing activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 June 30, 2013 Total Square Feet Vacant space available at the beginning of the period 3,419,515 3,501,253 Property dispositions/properties taken out of service (50,741 ) (82,889 ) Properties acquired vacant space 86,661 86,661 Properties placed in-service 195,191 570,100 Leases expiring or terminated during the period 673,712 1,544,730 Total space available for lease 4,324,338 5,619,855 1st generation leases 233,026 514,624 2nd generation leases with new tenants 499,222 1,037,838 2nd generation lease renewals 338,682 813,985 Total space leased 1,070,930 2,366,447 Vacant space available for lease at the end of the period 3,253,408 3,253,408 Second generation leasing information:(1) Leases commencing during the period, in square feet 837,904 1,851,823 Average Lease Term 55 Months 88 Months Average Free Rent Period 64 Days 79 Days Total Transaction Costs Per Square Foot(2) $ 24.24 $ 30.90 Increase / (decrease) in Gross Rents(3) (0.15 )% (1.39 )% Increase / (decrease) in Net Rents (4) (0.62 )% (2.53 )%
(1) Second generation leases are defined as leases for space that had previously been under lease by us. Of the 837,904 and 1,851,823 square feet of second generation leases that commenced during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, 533,261 and 1,159,734 square feet were signed in prior periods for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively.
(2) Total transaction costs include tenant improvements and leasing commissions and exclude free rent concessions.
(3) Represents the increase/(decrease) in gross rent (base rent plus expense reimbursements) on the new vs. expired leases on the 605,995 and 1,516,773 square feet of second generation leases (1) that had been occupied within the prior 12 months and (2) for which the new lease term is greater than six months, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively.
(4) Represents the increase/(decrease) in net rent (gross rent less operating expenses) on the new vs. expired leases on the 605,995 and 1,516,773 square feet of second generation leases (1) that had been occupied within the prior 12 months and (2) for which the new lease term is greater than six months, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively.
From July 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014, leases representing approximately 9.5% of the space at our properties expire. As these leases expire, assuming no further change in current market rental rates, we expect that the rental rates we are likely to achieve on new leases will generally be greater than the rates currently being paid.
We believe the successful lease-up and completion of our development pipeline will enhance our long-term return on equity and earnings growth as these developments are placed in-service through 2015. During the first half of 2013, we fully placed in-service Two Patriots Park in Reston, Virginia, 500 North Capitol Street in Washington, DC, Annapolis Junction Building Six in Annapolis, Maryland and 17 Cambridge Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. On July 1, 2013, we fully placed in-service the Cambridge Connector in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which is 100% leased. The above placed-in service development properties has an aggregate estimated investment of approximately $218 million, of which we have spent. approximately $192 million.
We believe the development of well-positioned office buildings is justified in many of our submarkets where tenants have shown demand for high-quality construction, modern design, efficient floor plates and sustainable features. Each of our development projects underway is pre-certified USGB LEED Silver or higher. Our current development pipeline, which excludes properties which are fully placed in-service, totals approximately 2.8 million square feet with a total projected investment of approximately $2.5 billion.
Given investor demand for assets like ours we continue to review our portfolio to identify properties that may have limited opportunities for cash flow growth, no longer fit within our portfolio strategy or can attract premium pricing in the current market environment as potential sales candidates. During the quarter, a joint venture in which we have a 60% interest sold 125 West 55th Street, in New York City for $470 million and we sold 303 Almaden Boulevard in San Jose, California for $40 million. Since July 1, 2013, we signed a binding contract for the sale of our 1301 New York Avenue property located in Washington, DC for a gross sale price of approximately $135 million and a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest sold an assemblage of land parcels and air rights at Eighth Avenue and 46th Street in New York City for net proceeds to us of approximately $21.7 million. We are also considering the sale of all or a portion of additional properties, including Time Square Tower in New York City, and we may seek to market additional properties. Aggregate asset sales during 2013 may approach or exceed $1 billion.
We maintain substantial liquidity including available cash, as of August 1,
2013, of approximately $1.4 billion and approximately $990 million available
under our Operating Partnership's $1.0 billion Unsecured Line of Credit. On
July 26, 2013, our Operating Partnership amended and restated the revolving
credit agreement governing our Unsecured Line of Credit, which, among other
things, (1) increased the total commitment from $750.0 million to $1.0 billion,
(2) extended the maturity date from June 24, 2014 to July 26, 2018 and
(3) reduced per annum variable rates and other fees. During 2013, we raised net proceeds of approximately $1.4 billion in the capital markets. Specifically, we issued $200 million of 5.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and our Operating Partnership issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.125% senior unsecured notes due 2023 and $700 million aggregate principal amount of 3.800% senior unsecured notes due 2024. Our funding requirements include (1) $747.5 million of our Operating Partnership's 3.625% exchangeable senior notes due February 2014, (2) $0.9 billion of our development pipeline remains to be funded through 2015 and (3) approximately $77 million (of which our share is approximately $70 million) of secured debt that matures by the end of 2014. We have access to multiple sources of capital, including public debt and equity markets, secured debt markets and potential asset sales to fund the foregoing as well as future capital requirements.
Transactions during the three months ended June 30, 2013 included the following:
• On April 1, 2013, we were designated as the Owner's Representative by Harvard Planning and Project Management to provide development management services for Harvard's new Health and Life Sciences Facility.
• On April 1, 2013, we used available cash to repay the mortgage loan collateralized by our 140 Kendrick Street property located in Needham, Massachusetts totaling approximately $47.6 million. The mortgage loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 7.51% per annum and was scheduled to mature on July 1, 2013. There was no prepayment penalty. We recognized a gain on early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.3 million related to the acceleration of the remaining balance of the historical fair value debt adjustment, which was the result of purchase accounting.
• On April 1, 2013, we commenced construction on the initial phase of our Transbay Tower development project in San Francisco, California which consists of building the project to grade.
• On April 4, 2013, a joint venture in which we have a 50% interest obtained construction financing collateralized by its Annapolis Junction Building Seven development project located in Annapolis, Maryland totaling $22.0 million. The construction financing bears interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.65% per annum and matures on April 4, 2016, with two, one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
• On April 11, 2013, our Operating Partnership completed a public offering of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.125% senior unsecured notes due 2023. The notes were priced at 99.379% of the principal amount to yield an effective rate (including financing fees) of 3.279% to maturity. The notes will mature on September 1, 2023, unless earlier redeemed. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering were approximately $492.5 million after deducting the underwriting discount and transaction expenses.
• On April 15, 2013, we announced that holders of our Operating Partnership's 3.75% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2036 (the "Notes") had the right to surrender their Notes for purchase by our Operating Partnership (the "Put Right") on May 18, 2013. On April 15, 2013, we also announced that our Operating Partnership issued a notice of redemption to the holders of the Notes to redeem, on May 18, 2013 (the "Redemption Date"), all of the Notes outstanding on the Redemption Date. In connection with the notice of redemption, holders of the Notes had the right to exchange their Notes on or prior to May 16, 2013. Notes with respect to which the Put Right was not exercised and that were not surrendered for exchange on or prior to May 16, 2013, were redeemed by our Operating Partnership at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the Redemption Date. Based on final information provided to our Operating Partnership by the trustee for the Notes, no Notes were validly tendered and accepted for purchase in the Put Right. Pursuant to the notice of redemption, an aggregate principal amount of $990,000 of the Notes was redeemed on May 18, 2013. The remaining aggregate principal amount of $449,010,000 of the Notes was surrendered for exchange and, in addition to the repayment of the principal in cash, we issued an aggregate of 419,116 shares of our common stock in exchange for the Notes. We recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.1 million consisting of transaction costs.
• On April 25, 2013, we commenced construction of our 601 Massachusetts Avenue development project totaling approximately 478,000 net rentable square feet located in Washington, DC. The project is approximately 79% pre-leased.
• On May 30, 2013, a joint venture in which we have a 60% interest completed the sale of its 125 West 55th Street property located in New York City for a sale price of $470.0 million, including the assumption by the buyer of the mortgage loan collateralized by the property totaling approximately $198.6 million. The mortgage loan bore interest at a fixed rate of 6.09% per annum and was scheduled to mature on March 10, 2020. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $253.7 million, of which our share was approximately $152.2 million, after the payment of transaction costs. 125 West 55th Street is a Class A office property totaling approximately 588,000 net rentable square feet. We had previously
• On May 31, 2013, a joint venture in which we have a 30% interest refinanced its construction loan collateralized by 500 North Capitol Street, NW located in Washington, DC. The construction loan totaling approximately $90.6 million bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.65% per annum and was scheduled to mature on October 14, 2014. The joint venture recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $1.0 million, of which our share was approximately $0.3 million, consisting of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs. The new mortgage loan totaling $105.0 million requires interest only payments at a fixed interest rate of 4.15% per annum and matures on June 6, 2023.
• On May 31, 2013, our two joint venture partners in 767 Venture, LLC (the entity that owns 767 Fifth Avenue (the General Motors Building) in New York City) transferred all of their interests in the joint venture to third parties. In connection with the transfer we and our new joint venture partners modified our relative decision making authority and . . .


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Among the 200,000 iPhone apps that include Hello Cow (emits a variety of mooing sounds), Hang Time (calculates the precise amount of time the device spends falling to the ground), or Haircaster (predicts what kind of hair day it will be), the UBC Faculty of Medicine has added one more – with a somewhat less catchy name, but a decidedly more useful purpose.
The BC Guidelines app enables health professionals to get information about diagnoses and treatments without ever having to leave the examining room. Exploiting the iPhone's seductive interface, its list of ailments can be easily scrolled and its images enlarged with a swipe of the fingers. (The program is available at the iTunes store, at http://itunes.apple.com/)
The guidelines, developed by the British Columbia Medical Association and the Ministry of Health Services, give health professionals advice about 30 conditions, including ankle injury, cataracts, mammography, methadone maintenance and rheumatoid arthritis.
"We're providing the latest evidence, vetted by medical experts in B.C., on demand," says Kendall Ho, Director of the eHealth Strategy Office in the Faculty of Medicine and an associate professor of Emergency Medicine. "Would you trust your health professional to remember all of the latest information? Wouldn't you want a health professional who wants to check out the latest evidence when treating you?"
Contrary to the unrealistic expectations of many patients, physicians and nurses aren't walking medical libraries; they need refreshers, especially when it comes to numbers. Among the nuggets of information available from BC Guidelines: medication dosages for asthma patients; the recommended body mass index and waist size for a patient diagnosed with hypertension; how to interpret test results when screening a patient for kidney disease.
The software grew out of a project funded by the Ministry of Health Services and aimed at helping physicians keep track of their diabetes patients' conditions using the Palm, the original mobile computer. Physicians weren't so taken with the monitoring part – entering patients' weight and glucose levels and viewing the resulting graphs on a tiny screen wasn't a big hit, especially when they had to track down the information from a nurse. But they really liked having treatment guidelines so readily available.
The eHealth Strategy Office, which was created under Dr. Ho last year, obtained additional funding from the Ministry and the British Columbia Medical Association to adapt all of BC's Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Palm and Windows Mobile devices. In late 2009, it launched a BlackBerry version.
But the iPhone version, which took eight months to develop, gave the project a turbo boost of popularity. One thousand copies of the program were downloaded within the first two weeks of its release last month.
"It's blowing my mind," says Noreen Kamal, Assistant Director of Technology and Innovation in the eHealth Strategy Office. She believes that physicians, most of whom are independent, are more likely to carry iPhones than BlackBerrys, which tend to be used by organizations. Plus, the iPhone's touch screen makes the guidelines so much easier to use.
"It actually becomes a fun and enjoyable experience," Kamal says. "I think it's a function of having highly intelligent people who want to absorb a bunch of information and get back to whatever they're doing."
"I use it to make sure I'm following the proper management protocols – that I've checked what I need to check, that I've ordered the right blood work, things like that," says Sara Mitchell-Banks, a chronic disease nurse in Powell River who is studying to become a nurse practitioner. "I'm sure most clinicians have not memorized most things that need to be known."
BC Guidelines is intended for the province's health professionals, so the eHealth Strategy Office provides technical support only to people in that category. But anyone, anywhere can download the software and use it as a handy reference tool.
"It's quite unique that the province and the BCMA chose to do this, and continues to support it," Kamal says. "It shows that, working together, British Columbia is a leader in using technology to disseminate medical knowledge."
The iPhone app, however, is just one small step in Dr. Ho's vision of integrating electronic tools into the arsenal of tools used by health professionals. While he considers himself an early adopter of new technology, he says younger physicians are even faster to embrace the latest tools.
"Five years ago, my son, who was 11 at the time, challenged me: Why can't people make appointments with doctors online?" Dr. Ho says. "We do that with airplanes, we do that with hotels. That's a wonderful vision."


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Special Board of Trustees Meeting
Eileen Janis Zannita Fast Horse (excused) Thomas Shortbull Steven Sandven
Pheobe Tallman Karlene Janis
Emma Sam Shawna Pourier
Pete Red
Emma Clifford Leslie Henry
Gerald One Feather Gerald Giraud
Ernie Little
Richard Iron Cloud
Monna Patton
Bennett Sierra
Dennis Brewer
Newton Cummings
PLACE: Rushmore Holiday Inn, Rapid City, S.D.
Mr. Newton Cummings, Chairman, called the meeting to order at 9:10 a.m.
Mr. Gerald One Feather gave the invocation.
3. Approval of Headstart Job Vacancy Announcements
Mr. Shortbull presented the 15 Vacancy Announcements for positions that will be available under the Headstart program if the College is awarded the Head Start Grant. He requested that the first Vacancy Announcement that be approved is for the Head Start Director position. (See Attachment A)
Ms. Eileen Janis made the motion to approve the Head Start Director vacancy announcement. Mr. Pete Red Willow seconded the motion.
Vote: 12 for; Against: 0 Not Voting: 0 Motion Carried
Mr. Pete Red Willow made the motion to go into executive session. Ms. Emma Clifford seconded the motion.
Vote: 12 for; Against: 0 Not Voting 0 Motion Carried
Ms. Eileen Janis made the motion to not advertise the Head Start Director position and do a temporarily reassignment of Shawna Pourier to commence with the start of the Head Start program. Mr. Pete Red Willow seconded the motion.
Vote: 10 for Against: 2 Not Voting: 0 Motion Carried
A permanent reassignment will be made by the Board of Trustees after a Head Start grant award is made.
Mr. Shortbull next presented the next 14 Head Start vacancy announcements. (See Attachment B-O)
Ms. Pinky Clifford made the motion to approve the other fourteen Headstart job vacancy announcements.
Mr. Ernie Little seconded the motion.
Vote: 11 for Against: 0 Not Voting: 1 Motion Carried
4. Revision for Application Process Policy
Mr. Shortbull recommended a revision to the background check that will have all applicants have to have a background check before an appointment is by the BOT, and with the Head Start staff, they will need to go through a Central Registry check, which will result in their employment being a temporary appointment until the Central Registry check comes back, and then their employment will become permanent and retroactive back to the start date of their temporary appointment. (See Attachment P, Item 4) Mr. Shortbull also presented the revision to the Substance/Alcohol Policy on pre-employment drug testing. (See Attachment P, Item 5)
Ms. Pinky Clifford made the motion to approve of the presented revisions to OLC's background section and pre-employment drug testing section of the OLC Policy Handbook. Ms. Eileen Janis seconded the motion
Vote: 9 for Against: 0 Not Voting: 2 Motion Carried
Mr. Red Willow left the meeting at 9:45 a.m.
5. Establish of Calvin Jumping Bull Scholarship
Ms. Eileen Janis made the motion to establish a scholarship in memory of Calvin Jumping Bull.
Ms. Pinky Clifford seconded the motion.
Vote: 11 for Against: 0 Not Voting: 0 Motion Carried
Finance Committee-Monday, August 22, 2005 – 3:30 p.m. - Pine Ridge College Center
Program Policy Committee- Monday, August 22, 2005- 4:30 p.m. – Pine Ridge College Center
Personnel Committee – Tuesday, August 23, - 5:00 – Piya Wiconi Board Room
Board of Trustees – Thursday, August 25, 2005 – 4:30 – Piya Wiconi Conference Room
Mr. Gerald One Feather made a motion to adjourn the meeting. Mr. Ernie Little seconded the motion.
Vote: 10 for; Against: 0 Not Voting: 1 Motion Carried
The Board of Trustees meeting adjourned at 11:30 a.m.
Respectfully Submitted,
Karlene Janis
Recording Secretary
Mr. Newton Cummings


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I find it really interesting that the historical men like Vincent Van Gogh, Winston Churchill and Richard Nixon portrayed in Moffat Who are always three dimensional and treated respectfully, while the historical women like Elizabeth the First and Nefertiti, are always love sick idiots drooling over the Doctor.
It almost seems like Moffat cannot take women seriously, even if they ruled nations.
#this is kinda why i've lost interest in doctor who
(via barefootsparrow)


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