text:
In this issue of Educational Pathways we focused, in
a general sense, on how three schools of nursing built and
expanded their online degree offerings, and on what kind of
teaching and learning approaches they have implemented. We
looked at three private institutions offering nursing
programs at a distance: Excelsior College, University of
Phoenix and Walden University. Phoenix and Walden are
for-profit institutions. Excelsior is a non-profit
institution. We did not get into the management of the
face-to-face clinical and practicum requirements that are
obviously important parts of nursing degree programs. Nor
did we talk much about the many student services that
accompany such programs. But, suffice it to say, all three
of these institutions have very strong infrastructures for
program management and production on all these levels.
Need For Nurses Fueling Growth
Nursing programs, in general, are growing in numbers.
Phoenix, Walden and Excelsior say that online enrollments
are definitely on the rise. Part of this increase is due to
a strong job market for nurses. According to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, job opportunities for registered nurses
are growing much faster than average for all occupations
through 2014. The median age of registered nurses is rising,
creating a large number of impending nurse retirees and a
growing need for replacements. Couple that with a growing
aging population that needs nursing care, and nurses are
projected to comprise the second largest number of new jobs
among all occupations.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics also notes that the need for
nursing faculty is increasing as more instructors in the
field reach retirement age.
Much of the job growth for nurses is expected to occur in
nursing care facilities, as hospitals discharge patients
sooner, and in outpatient care centers, where more
sophisticated medical procedures that used to be limited to
hospitals move to ambulatory and surgical and emergency
Excelsior College
Excelsior College is an interesting case in point in the
world of nursing programs offered at a distance. Among its
most notable accomplishments is its associate degree
program, which has roots dating back to the early 1970s when
Excelsior was known as Regents College. Today students can
choose from one of two associate-level nursing degrees: the
Associate in Science (AS) or the Associate in Applied
Science (AAS). Both prepare students to take the NCLEX® exam
and require successful completion of 67 semester credits,
including 31 in general education and 36 in nursing.
Students admitted into these two associate-level programs
must have some kind of prior health care experience. "Most
of the students are LVNs or LPNs," says Suzanne S.
Yarbrough, associate dean for nursing. "Although we admit
paramedics, respiratory therapists, and other groups of
people. They are not going to be successful if they don't
have some kind of health care background."
Learning Resources or Courses?
Most of the requirements for the AS and ASS programs may be
met through Excelsior College Examinations and Excelsior
College courses that prepare students for the exams. At the
associate's level, most of the courses are actually called
Nursing Learning Resources because they are not courses per
se, although they do have a faculty facilitator. "We don't
call them courses because they don't have a grade associated
with them," says Yarbrough. "But they can be considered a
course in a traditional sense." These learning resources can
include on-site workshops at various locations across the
United States, pre-examination teleconferences for
performance examinations, pre-examination advisement
appointments with nursing faculty, or pre-examination online
conferences for specific theory and performance
examinations. The online conferences are a relatively new
development started last year. "For every exam that we
offer, we now have an eight-week online guided learning
offering," says Yarbrough. "We really don't teach the
content as much as we facilitate student learning inside
conferences. We don't offer credit for taking these. The
student has to pass the exams to earn credit."
BS Program
The associate-level programs eventually led to offering a
Bachelor of Science (BS) in Nursing in the mid 1970s. To
qualify for admission into the BS in Nursing program, a
student must be currently licensed as an RN in the United
States and must have successfully completed an associate
degree or diploma nursing program.
Distance courses were eventually added at the BS level and
today are offered in three formats: WebCT (a "virtual
classroom"); web-based, where students learn at their own
pace within the course term; and instructor-led CD-ROM.
Online Capstone
Yarbrough mentions a newly introduced online capstone course
in the BS curriculum called the Professional Socialization
and Role Performance Requirement. "Students enroll in this
course once they have completed all of their other
requirements," she says. The capstone focuses on
synthesizing theories, principles, models, and skills from
nursing, other disciplines, and the arts and sciences.
Students integrate knowledge gained throughout the
curriculum to operationalize core concepts (critical
thinking, communication, research, role development, caring,
and cultural competence) while functioning in roles of
baccalaureate nursing practice. "There are some clinical
requirements," she adds. "They do a small community
assessment in their home community. They also do a
service-learning project in their home community."
Adjunct faculty facilitate this capstone, following an
Excelsior syllabus. "They (faculty) direct the discussions
according to the way we designed them, and the grading is
done by graders." Both faculty and graders in the BS program
must have earned a minimum of a master's-level degree in
"We've designed a curriculum that moves students from the
associate's degree into the bachelor's degree," says
Yarbrough. "It makes more sense technically and
educationally. And students have found better success this
A Recognized Leader with a Large
Student Body
The Excelsior School of Nursing has also found success,
enrolling more than 15,700 students in its AS, AAS and BS
nursing programs in 2005. It has the largest number of
associate degree nursing students in the country.
Plus, in September last year the School of Nursing was
designated a 2005-2008 National League for Nursing (NLN)
Center of Excellence in Nursing Education. This recognition
was first awarded by the NLN in 2004 with three schools
receiving the award. In 2005, four more schools, including
Excelsior College, received the designation. In order to
apply for the designation, a school must be accredited by
the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC).
There are approximately 1,700 NLNAC-accredited nursing
programs in the U.S.
MS Programs
In the early 1990s, Excelsior launched its online Master of
Science (MS) in Nursing (Clinical Systems Management)
program, which includes a RN-MS option that allows students
to work toward an MS while completing their BS. The MS
program enrolled 328 students in 2005.
The MS is more of a typical online graduate-level program.
The faculty are Ph.Ds, and the courses are conducted similar
to the BS capstone in that they consist of discussion
boards, assignments and assessments. For the most part, the
MS courses are heavily assessment oriented. "There are
(grading) rubrics attached to the discussion boards, and
there are (grading) rubrics with regard to every
assignment," says Yarbrough. "We maintain an allegiance to
our philosophy that it's not where you learned it, or how
you learned it, but what you learned. We still base what we
do on objective assessments. And that has consistently
applied for all students across the curriculum."
Certificate Programs
A Nursing Management certificate program and a Health Care
Informatics certificate program are the most recent
additions to the Excelsior School of Nursing online
offerings. Both are also part of the School of Health
Sciences. Both went live during the 2004-05 academic year.
Nursing management is a 14-month certificate program,
developed under a Congressional award through the U.S.
Department of Education. Applicants for the full program
must currently be licensed RNs. The program was designed to
help students acquire the skills related to budgeting,
finance, human resources and ethics, and it consists of five
credit-bearing courses that give students a complete
framework of knowledge about the field. Each course is
15-weeks long and requires participation in online
discussions and the completion of team assignments.
The Informatics certificate program is 17 credits and is
open to any health care professional with a bachelor's
degree. At its core is an "Informatics Project," which
allows students to apply informatics concepts to their
particular health care disciplines. Students who
successfully complete the program earn 12 credits toward the
MS in Nursing degree.
Courses in the informatics certificate program are set up as
15-17 week courses for cohort groups of up to 20 students.
Cohort courses include a faculty-facilitated learning
experience with the group. There are discussion questions
and team exercises related to the course content. Most
courses also include a final assessment in the form of a
research paper project.
In addition, the Informatics certificate program has online
seminar courses that are approximately 12-13 weeks in length
and are like seminar courses on a traditional campus.
Students participate in faculty-facilitated discussions with
up to 20 other students and are expected to participate in
the online discussions on a weekly basis.
Excelsior's Interim Provost and Chief Academic Officer Chari
Leader explains that "there is a lot of rhetoric right now
about the need to be more innovative in nursing education so
we can put more nurses in the pipeline, particularly since
the average age of nurses is somewhere in the early 50s/late
40s. Those nurses are going to be retiring. So one of our
strategies is to reach out to them to further their
education with MSNs so that they can become faculty."
In addition, Leader says that, in general, trying to be
innovative in a highly regulated health care education
environment comes with its unique set of challenges. "We
find that many nursing boards are still looking at nursing
education in a very traditional way." Especially at the
associate's degree level, issues related the number of
supervised clinical hours and seat-time in a physical
classroom come into play. "Certainly Excelsior is doing lots
of interesting things to create a dialogue around such
topics in terms of competency-based education," says Leader.
In the meantime, more innovative programs are starting to
develop at Excelsior. In the School of Health Sciences, for
instance, an End of Life Care certificate program is now
being offered. The certificate is designed for nurses and
other health care professionals such as social workers,
chaplains, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, and
occupational therapists that are involved in end of life
care in different settings, or other professionals who are
interested in learning more about end of life care. "They
have done some things culturally, like how to be a hospice
nurse, or how to be a public health nurse in different
cultures, dealing with different cultural perspectives,
including gay, lesbian and transgender," notes Leader. "So,
there is really a lot happening in our schools of nursing
and health sciences."
University of Phoenix
The University of Phoenix is another large provider of
online nursing degree programs, with about 4,600 students
enrolled in its online BS in Nursing program and another
3,500 in its online MS in Nursing programs, which includes
concentrations in health care education, integrative health
care, business administration and health care management,
and health administration. Phoenix also provides an online
BS in Health Administration, a Master of Health
Administration, and a Doctor of Health Administration
Students in these programs are typically between 35 to 45
years of age, married with children, working full time with
an income somewhere between $45,000 and $80,00 depending on
where they are in the country, explains Beth Patton,
associate dean and director of the College of Health and
Human Services. They have successfully completed at least an
associate's degree and have decided to continue their
education. "They are career and goal minded. They have a
career pathway that they are after."
Patton adds that the health care education component (which
launched two years ago) "is catching on, and I think it will
grow because of faculty shortages. I think there will be
more nurses who want to get out of the bedside, or get out
of the environment they are in, and use their knowledge and
skills to teach others."
"Practitioner" Faculty
As is customary with most University of Phoenix programs,
the nursing and health care programs hire what is referred
to as "practitioner" faculty, meaning many of the faculty
are working in their respective fields/specialties and teach
online as part-time adjuncts. "We are not like traditional
schools that hire full-time faculty members," says Pam
Fuller, associate dean of the College of Health Science and
Nursing. Fuller adds that at least 51 percent of University
of Phoenix faculty teaching in its graduate-level nursing
programs have doctorates. "Our faculty model really lends
itself to learning and teaching. What they do best is bring
the world's experiences to the classroom so they can be
talked about, analyzed, and then applied back to their work
settings." Patton adds that "a lot of nurses want to keep
their full-time day jobs, but they also enjoy teaching. This
gives them the opportunity to blend both."
Training and Mentoring Faculty
All new faculty are required to go through a four-week
online training program and a mentoring arrangement held
during the first class they teach. The training and
mentoring "teaches them how to use our model of delivery so
that they see what the students and faculty see, they
understand when and how to post grades, and how and with
whom to communicate with," Patton explains. "They learn
about our teaching model, which is an (career/job)
applicable model; they learn about adult education and how
to build teaching strategies. They have a mentor (in their
first online class) that lurks in the course. If at any time
the new faculty member seems to be getting off track, the
mentor will communicate with them. By the time they made it
through the mentoring course, these faculty feel very
confident that they can continue to teach."
Simple Course Delivery Model
The content of University of Phoenix online courses is
identical to its on-ground courses. "Students are expected
to have the same outcomes," says Fuller. "If a ground-based
group is doing a community assessment for their community
course, the online students must do a community assessment
as well. If a ground-based group is doing a face-to-face
presentation inside a classroom, the online group will do an
online PowerPoint presentation with their presentation notes
Fuller adds that, overall, the delivery model is not complex
or complicated. "Once a student gets a grasp for how courses
are delivered online, I want to say it's relatively easy,
and I think it should be, because you don't want it to be so
complex that they lose sight of the content within the
Curriculum Development
When asked how the University of Phoenix keeps up with the
latest developments in the health care industry, Patton
explained how faculty contribute substantially to curriculum
development through official monthly teleconferences.
Regular communications between colleagues and students, plus
focus group initiatives and data culled from course surveys,
also contribute to the curriculum development process. "They
(faculty and students) are our eyes and ears for
curriculum," says Patton. "So when we hear that there is a
movement toward gerontology, we look at how we can engage
that into our curriculum. We also have focus groups within
our communities to get a feel for what it is that a new
graduate is expected to know. What does the industry want
our students' skill sets to be and at what level of
knowledge? (In addition), I think the advantage we have is
that our faculty and our students are working adults, so we
get lots of data in course surveys related to what the needs
are in the health care and nursing fields. Then we try to
build our course work from that."
As an example of how a focus group was conducted, Patton
points to a recent project in which she helped to revise the
BS in Health Administration by inviting a group of health
care experts, who were identified by faculty, to attend a
day-long brain-storming and information-gathering session in
Phoenix, AZ. A total of 25 attended. "We talked about what
employers want to see," says Patton. "What are their key
issues? What would they be looking for in a graduate?"
Course Creation
So, with all this give and take and collecting of
information, how are online courses ultimately created?
"Everything is a centralized curriculum," says Patton. "It's
curriculum development managers working with faculty who are
content experts." All the data and information that has been
collected goes into an online system. "We pull all this up
and look to see what the trends were, what were the
negatives, what were the positives about a course. And we
continuously ask our full-time faculty to go back to our
part-time faculty and ask them what works best. Is it time
to do a major revision, or is there just a couple of things
that need updating?" On average, entire curriculums are
revised every two to three years, and it takes anywhere from
four to six months to create a course.
Addressing the Education Needs of
Future Nurses
When looking at the big picture of online nursing education,
Fuller explains how the past apprehensions of nursing
schools to move curriculum to online modalities have "gone
to the wayside." And the challenges now being faced revolve
around whether or not nursing schools have built the
infrastructure to effectively support an online teaching and
learning environment? "If you don't have a great
infrastructure built in to help faculty with the IT
questions, and to help them communicate effectively with
students, then your courses will not be as strong as they
can be," she says.
Walden University
Walden University, which was acquired by Laureate Education,
Inc., formerly Sylvan, in 2001, has one of the newest online
MS Degree in Nursing programs in the country, started in
September 2004. And it can safely be said that Walden,
through Laureate, has a very strong infrastructure
supporting all of its online teaching and learning efforts.
In the Fall of 2005, Walden added a pre-entry to the MS
Degree in Nursing program curriculum, called the "R.N.
Track," for RNs who do not have bachelor's degrees. Both of
these programs, combined, have already enrolled 800
The Walden MS Degree in Nursing program features
specializations in education and in leadership and
management. The R.N. Track does not confer an undergraduate
degree. Instead, it requires applicants to have graduated
from associate and diploma nursing programs and be licensed
as registered nurses. These students may be accepted into
the MS program provided they fulfill the general education
requirements. Once applicants meet these requirements, they
are admitted to Walden and begin taking foundational
courses. Students then progress onto the MS program core
curriculum and finally the specialization courses.
Program Development
Marion Anema, faculty chair of the MS Degree in Nursing,
explains how developing the program was a "great team
effort" that started in 2003 with focus groups of nurses and
nurse leaders from around the country. "We had nursing
faculty and nurse administrators participate, and we asked
how will this program really make a difference. What would
you expect of a master's prepared nurse going into nurse
management or administration? What's needed for nurse
educators?" For the R.N. Track, Walden enlisted educators
from nursing associations involved with associate degree and
diploma education and asked them what such undergraduate
students have and need to be prepared for master's-level
work. "This is how we built the foundation courses over a
period of several months," says Anema. She adds that paying
close attention to standards established by the American
Nurses Association, the National League for Nursing, and a
guide published by the American Association of Colleges of
Nursing titled "The Essentials of Master's Education for
Advanced Practice Nursing" were also important elements
utilized in building Walden's MS Degree in Nursing.
Innovative Learning Model
The learning model that came out of this program-development
process is one in which MS Degree in Nursing students build
on prior knowledge. Basically, this is a student-centered
approach whereby, for each eight-week course in the program,
students are first asked what they already know about the
subject being taught. Since students are actively working in
health care, their knowledge and input to the course is
respected and valued. "The weekly content then moves on to
say, 'okay here's some new knowledge. Think about this in a
new way,'" says Anema. "And then each week ends with asking
'how are you going to apply this to your current practice?'"
Connecting Students to Real-World
Examples through Video
An important element of the student-centered approach
entails the development of course materials that connect
students to the best expertise available, and to real-world
examples of theory being put into practice by others. To
accomplish this, Laureate invests heavily in video
production that brings faculty, industry experts, and
practitioners into the Walden curriculum for students on a
week-to-week basis.
For example, in a "Promoting and Preserving Health in a
Diverse Society" course, Laureate's instructional design and
media staff created a DVD featuring an example of a rural
American population in Spirit Lake, North Dakota on the
Dakota Sioux Indian Reservation. The video shoot included
both scenes in the local hospital (Mercy Hospital, Devil's
Lake, North Dakota) and interviews with regional experts and
spokespeople, including a Tribal Chairman who talked about
health workforce issues, several professors, administrators
and research analysts addressing rural health issues, as
well as employees of Indian health service facilities
commenting on relevant issues.
Anema refers to these DVDs as "nurse leader presentations to
make students aware of where we are today, in nursing and
health care and patient care, and where we should be going.
It's very futuristic, and these types of comments and
presentations are interspersed throughout each course." On a
weekly basis students hear and see nurse leaders through the
DVDs, in addition to participating in the typical readings,
discussions and assignments of an online course. "And all of
that comes together at the end of the week to say 'here is
what I really learned, and it is going to make a difference
in my practice because now I can do something that will be
cost-effective, or I am going to work with my nurses
association to look at changing something in health care.'
So there is this group experience, and they are each going
to come away with something different that is applicable to
their setting."
Keeping Up With The Times
In order to keep pace with the changing trends in health
care, Walden relies on its faculty from around the country
as well as its students. "The students bring a lot to the
program," says Aneama. For example, a course may include a
segment that addresses how a new piece of medical equipment,
such as a respirator, is used in health care, and the
students and faculty will share their experiences for
selecting and purchasing a new respirator, as well as how to
deal with the equipment vendors who sell them. Or, for
another example, students might enter into a discussion
about the ethical and cost issues related to electronic
medical record keeping. "So our students do come out of the
program with a great deal of knowledge and focus and ability
to use technology to improve practice and to adopt new
things in their settings."
And overriding everything, Anema adds, is an emphasis on
creating positive social change in the field of nursing that
is embedded throughout the program. "That means that the
graduates are going to improve human and social conditions.
All the courses have that thread in them. The students have
to ask 'how is this going to make a difference in what I am
Return to Archives
Return to Article Summaries
Copyright. All rights reserved. Lorenzo Associates, Inc., P.O. Box 74, Clarence
Center, NY 14032.


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Northern Fleet Chandelier
This is not a chandelier that you can buy at Amazon but still as we like chandeliers, it is always nice to admire something different. We also like chandeliers made of recycled materials and there is a lot of creativity and innovation in this field. This chandelier called Northern Fleet can be found in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and was made in 1988 by Deborah Thomas with recycled broken glass. When it was sold the first time it only had a single light bulb! when it was resold in 2010 it was then fit with halogen lights. She has made recycled glass chandeliers for theatres and even for homes. Another example of how something beautiful and classy can be made out of recycled material. To read more about this beauty, have a look...
How to Make a Recycled Outdoor Chandelier
Making something yourself not only saves you money and when you are recycling items you no longer use it can be good for the environment but it will also make you feel good. This is time you can make a cyclepunk chandelier suitable to be placed outdoor And as you can see from this tutorial you can end up with an appealing end product made with bottles and bike parts. Have fun! via Treehugger
Make a Birdcage Chandelier
Today we have a look at how to save $$$ by making a birdcage chandelier yourself that looks like a really expensive one such as one by Restoration Hardware. It is a chandelier that will get noticed but you can make it for a fraction of its price if you follow the instructions you find here. It says at the bottom that it will cost you about $60 to make something that would otherwise cost your $2300. Not bad at all.
Enrique Romero's Lamps
The Spanish designer Enrique Romero de la Llana has created some very special lamps and chandeliers made with recycled newspaper using a process similar to that used to make papier mache. Each of them is completely unique. To know more you can visit his website or watch the video below. PulpLamp from enrique romero on Vimeo. via Inhabitat
Lamp Made of Plastic Cups
While we are quite happy to show you new products on the market we are also keen on finding new ideas if you want to make your own lamps, candles and chandeliers. It is certainly trendy at the moment to create new objects out of old recycled objects and there are always some good ideas. Today we have found a tutorial on how to make a lamp out of plastic cups. As you can see the end result is quite good and you can have some fun on a rainy afternoon.
Two modern chandeliers for today
Two very special chandeliers today the first is: "'Fragile Future Concrete Chandelier' by Lonneke Gordijn and Ralph Nauta on display at the Pavilion of Art and Design Exhibition in London." via What do you get for the museum with everything? While the second chandelier is a ceramic antler chandelier made by Jason Miller as you can see in the photo here. The antler chandelier by Jason Miller

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Current Specials
Special Offer: $15.00 OFF Shipping
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4-Car Garage Apartment, 006G-0099
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Views may vary slightly from working drawings. Refer to floor plan for actual layout.
Design 006G-0099
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Plan Details
Plan Features
Plan DescriptionCar and boating enthusiasts will fall in love with this boat storage garage apartment plan! The main level features a 4-car garage with 1363 square feet of parking divided into two double garages and separated by stairs and a half bath. Windows illuminate the interior. Both double garages are extra deep nicely accommodating a boat and trailer and oversized vehicles such as trucks and SUVs. Take advantage of the split garage arrangement parking the boat and truck you pull it with in one garage and the everyday family vehicles in the other. Or, store all of your recreational vehicles and water toys inside this 4-car garage including a boat, a pair or kayaks or a jet ski, maybe even a golf cart and a motorcycle. Car enthusiasts might prefer a different arrangement like using one garage for storing tools and auto parts and using the other by to work on cars or park a pair of automobiles. Now take a look upstairs at the 666 square foot living quarters. Ideal for the nanny, weekend guests or rental property for a college student or another single, the garage apartment delivers comfortable living. On one side of the stairs, the kitchen and lounge area team up to make a great living space while the bedroom, full bath and walk-in closet extend comfortable accommodations with privacy. If you are looking for lots of parking and extra living space, youll find it with this carriage house plan.
Note: Exterior wall dimensions are rounded to the nearest foot. Contact us for specific measurements.


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On your mark, get set, go!
Changes are in store for Elsberry's Cross Country Program in 2014. "Elsberry has been moved to Class 2," said Head Coach Ezra Tillotson. Most
IndianHawks victorious in season opener
The Clopton-Elsberry IndianHawks were running on all cylinders on Aug. 22, delivering a 50-22 stomping to the Winfield Warriors to make the joint-schools team
Rebuilding begins: new coach, young squad
Elsberry's new activities director and head girls softball coach Chad Twellman is gearing up for his first year with the Lady Indians. Twellman's team


text:
Definition: 'Marihuana'
marihuanaType: Term
Pronunciation: mar′i-wah′nă
1. Popular name for the dried flowering leaves of Cannabis sativa, which are smoked as cigarettes, "joints," or "reefers." In the U.S., marihuana includes any part of, or any extracts from, the female plant. Alternative spellings are mariguana, marijuana.
The information shown above for marihuana is provided by Stedman's.
* Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provide a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.
Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.


text:
We all try to keep ourselves up to date with the latest fashion in the market. Apart from the hairstyles and other features, clothes and footwear also play a crucial role in enhancing the fashion of an individual. The kind of footwear a person prefers to wear displays his personality. This is true for all the men. If you are planning to buy new footwear for yourself, then you must buy them from famous footwear. Famous footwear shoes is one of the retail footwear stores in US and Canada. Although they are costlier than the normal footwear, with the help of some famous footwear coupons, you can get discounts.
There are large numbers of famous footwear stores in US and Canada. With the help of famous footwear discount coupons, you can get huge discounts on shoes which you purchase from the stores. You can also buy the shoes online from their website famousfootwear.com. You get additional discounts if you buy online and along with that you can also get further discounts with the help of famous footwear code. They are same like a printable famous footwear coupon, however, the latter may not be used for online purchase. However, if you are buying shoes from famous footwear sale, then you may not be able to utilize the discounts from the coupons.
The famous footwear is the house of all the major brands of the footwear and shoes. They are usually costly than the other brands, however, with the help of famous footwear coupons, you can save substantially.


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'Black Girls Rock!' celebrates vast potential
- Written by Bobbi Booker
- Published in Lifestyles
Beverly Bond is the model-turned-DJ whose vision for a foundation — Black Girls Rock! — has spawned into the inspiring awards show of the same title that celebrates the brilliance of Black women. The second Annual Black Girls Rock! program that will air Sunday on BET is a pure evolution of the Black Girls Rock (BGR) mission that began with a T-shirt.
"First I started the T-shirt and was thinking of all the incredible women to list on it," Bond told BlackEnterprise.com. "I was writing down all of these names and just couldn't fit them all. In my attempt to try, I said, 'This is bigger than just a shirt.' So I decided to start a mentoring program." The message shirt has since expanded into a full range of tees and hoodies that are currently available for purchase through the organization's website store."
Though she sought out to honor and inspire other Black women, Bond's vision for Black Girls Rock! resulted in her own honors and distinctions. She was named one of New York's Fifty Fabulous Females by Love Heals, a leading foundation for AIDS education, in 2006; received the 2009 "Gold Rush Award" by Russell Simmons' Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation for her community work and for promoting youth programs; listed on The Source magazine's 2009 Power Circle group of leaders in hip hop and got the 2009 "Agent of Change Award" the "Obama: THAT ONE!" Pre-Inaugural Awards gala in Washington, D.C., — just to name a few of her honors. This year Black Girls Rock! returns to BET for the second year with "Reed Between the Lines" star Tracee Ellis Ross and actress Regina King on board as the hosts.
"Last year was the first year we partnered with Black Girls Rock! and Beverly Bonds," said Debra Lee, Black Entertainment Television's chairman and CEO. "It's such a great cause, and it was so successful last year. It's such a simple premise to do an all-female show, but once you do it you realize how powerful it is, and what it means to young girls to see women being honored. It's an all-female band and all-female performers, and it really was much bigger than we expected. It is personally gratifying to be a part of this, and for us to be able to help Beverly spread her message.
Since 2006, Black Girls Rock! has been dedicated to the healthy development of young women and girls and seeks to build the self-esteem and self-worth of young women of color by changing their outlook on life, broadening their horizons, and helping them to empower themselves through mentorship, arts eduction, cultural exploration and public service. In addition to promoting the arts for young women of color, BGR encourage dialogue and analysis of the ways women of color are portrayed in the media.
"I'm sure that there are a lot of Black girls that rock," said legendary model-agent Bethann Hardison. "I think that the ones that I'm more impressed with are the ones who have passed. I'm still looking for the ones that be rocking in the present, and God knows maybe there will be some rocking in the future — because they surely have the potential. It's a great organization, to take it to a further point where girls can have a bit a real life education."
The recent BGR taping at New York's historic Paradise Theater included performances by Philly's own Jill Scott and state Sen. Vincent Hughes' wife, actress Sheryl Lee Ralph, along with a guest sighting of Philadelphia Councilwoman Blondell Reynolds Brown. "Mommies know that Black Girls Rock!, and we want to help our young daughters be wherever they need to be to be reaffirmed about that," said Reynolds Brown. "Tonight is an affirmation that Black girls do rock everywhere — not just in New York, but also in Philly."
The second Annual Black Girls Rock! special will air on BET Nov. 6 at 8 p.m. Councilwoman Blondell Reynolds Brown and the "Uniquely You Summit for Girls" are co-hosting the Philadelphia Watch Party for the 2011 Black Girls Rock Awards on BET on Nov. 6 at 7 p.m. at Ms. Tootsie's Restaurant Bar & Lounge, 1314 South St. Tickets are $20 and can be purchased at the door, or via www.urbantix.com. Ten percent of ticket sales will be donated to Black Girls Rock, Inc.


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Research Topics
respiratory dead space
Summary: That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.
Top Publications
Research Grants
Scientific Experts
Detail Information
Publications151 found, 100 shown here
- Changes in dead space/tidal volume ratio and pulmonary mechanics after surfactant replacement therapy in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn infantsE H Chung
Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
J Korean Med Sci 16:51-6. 2001....
- A prolonged postinspiratory pause enhances CO2 elimination by reducing airway dead spaceLeif Uttman
Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 23:252-6. 2003..The objective was to quantify changes in airway dead space (VDaw), slope of the alveolar plateau (SLOPE) and VCO2,T as a function of MDT in healthy pigs...
- Prospective targeting and control of end-tidal CO2 and O2 concentrationsMarat Slessarev
Department of Anaesthesiology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital 7EN 242, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Canada, M5G 2C4
J Physiol 581:1207-19. 2007..6 l min(-1)). We conclude that targeted end-tidal gas concentrations can be attained in spontaneously breathing subjects using this prospective, feed-forward, low gas flow system...
- Mucociliary and long-term particle clearance in the airways of healthy nonsmoker subjectsWinfried Möller
Clinical Research Group, Inflammatory Lung Diseases of the GSF, National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute for Inhalation Biology, D 82131 Gauting, Germany
J Appl Physiol (1985) 97:2200-6. 2004....
- Pulmonary dead-space fraction as a risk factor for death in the acute respiratory distress syndromeThomas J Nuckton
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0130, USA
N Engl J Med 346:1281-6. 2002....
- Volumetric capnography as a noninvasive diagnostic procedure in acute pulmonary thromboembolismMarcos Mello Moreira
Surgery Department, State University at Campinas School of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Brazil
J Bras Pneumol 34:328-32. 2008..The D-dimer test result was positive. Volumetric capnography was performed at admission and after treatment. The values obtained were compared with the imaging test results...
- Alveolar dead space as a predictor of severity of pulmonary embolismJ A Kline
Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
Acad Emerg Med 7:611-7. 2000..To determine whether the alveolar dead space volume (V(D)alv), expressed as a percentage of the alveolar tidal volume (V(D)alv/V(T)alv), can predict the degree of vascular occlusion caused by pulmonary embolism (PE)...
- The bedside investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis study: a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing combinations of 3 bedside tests vs ventilation-perfusion scan for the initial investigation of suspected pulmonary embolismMarc A Rodger
University of Ottawa, Ottawa Health Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Arch Intern Med 166:181-7. 2006....
- Noninvasive measurement of mean alveolar carbon dioxide tension and Bohr's dead space during tidal breathingN G Koulouris
Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, SOTIRIA Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, Greece
Eur Respir J 17:1167-74. 2001....
- Pre and post-pulmonary thromboendarterectomies capnographic variablesMarcos Mello Moreira
Department of Surgery Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 22:509-12. 2007..04 and AVDSf was 0.16; for the second patient, the values were 0.07 and 0.28, respectively. The association of these capnographic variables with image exams reinforces the importance of this noninvasive diagnosis method...
- Respiratory dead space measurement in the investigation of pulmonary embolism in outpatients with pleuritic chest painKerstin Hogg
Emergency Medicine Research Group, Emergency Department, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
Chest 128:2195-202. 2005..Our study aimed to compare the clinical utility of three methods for calculating respiratory dead space in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in outpatients with pleuritic chest pain.
- The influence of venous admixture on alveolar dead space and carbon dioxide exchange in acute respiratory distress syndrome: computer modellingLisbet Niklason
Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Getingevagen 4, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
Crit Care 12:R53. 2008..The purpose of the present study was to analyze the extent to which shunt contributes to alveolar dead space and perturbs carbon dioxide exchange in ancillary physiological disturbances...
- Accuracy of physiologic dead space measurements in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome using volumetric capnography: comparison with the metabolic monitor methodRichard H Kallet
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Respir Care 50:462-7. 2005..We investigated the accuracy of volumetric capnography in measuring V(D)/V(T), compared to both uncorrected and corrected measurements, using a metabolic monitor in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...
- Prognostic value of different dead space indices in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury and ARDSUmberto Lucangelo
Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University School of Medicine, Trieste, Italy
Chest 133:62-71. 2008..Study population: Thirty-six patients with ALI (Murray score, > or =1; Pao(2)/fraction of inspired oxygen [Fio(2)] ratio, < 300) in critical care departments at two separate hospitals entered the study...
- Decrease in PaCO2 with prone position is predictive of improved outcome in acute respiratory distress syndromeLuciano Gattinoni
Istituto di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Crit Care Med 31:2727-33. 2003..To determine whether gas exchange improvement in response to the prone position is associated with an improved outcome in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...
- Prognostic value of the pulmonary dead-space fraction during the first 6 days of acute respiratory distress syndromeRichard H Kallet
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Respir Care 49:1008-14. 2004..35 and 0.55. However, VD/VT has seldom been measured with consideration to the evolving pathophysiology of ARDS...
- Impact of a rapid rule-out protocol for pulmonary embolism on the rate of screening, missed cases, and pulmonary vascular imaging in an urban US emergency departmentJeffrey A Kline
Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28323 2861, USA
Ann Emerg Med 44:490-502. 2004..0% of patients with a negative protocol would have an adverse outcome...
- Bedside quantification of dead-space fraction using routine clinical data in patients with acute lung injury: secondary analysis of two prospective trialsHassan Siddiki
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1stStreet, Rochester 55905, USA
Crit Care 14:R141. 2010..The objective of this study was to determine prognostic value of Vd/Vt estimated from routinely collected pulmonary variables...
- Pulmonary dead space fraction and pulmonary artery systolic pressure as early predictors of clinical outcome in acute lung injuryMagda Cepkova
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Chest 132:836-42. 2007....
- Pattern of inspiratory gas delivery affects CO2 elimination in health and after acute lung injuryElisabet Aström
University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, SE 221 85, Lund, Sweden
Intensive Care Med 34:377-84. 2008..A study was conducted to investigate how MDT affects CO2 elimination in pigs at health and after ALI...
- Alveolar dead space and capnographic variables before and after thrombolysis in patients with acute pulmonary embolismMarcos Mello Moreira
Department of Surgery, State University of Campinas, School of Medical Sciences, Campinas, Brazil
Vasc Health Risk Manag 5:9-12. 2009..Lung scintigraphy was used to compare VCap results from the two subjects with VCap results from healthy volunteers and pigs before and after treatment associated with arterial blood gas, D-dimer, and showed satisfactory agreement...
- CO2 elimination at varying inspiratory pause in acute lung injuryJ Aboab
Medical Intensive Care Unit, INSERM U492, Hôpital H Mondor, Creteil, France
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 27:2-6. 2007..By varying T(P), effects are observed on V(T)CO(2), airway dead space and alveolar PCO(2). These effects depend on perfusion, gas distribution and diffusion in the lung periphery, which need to be further elucidated...
- Aspiration of dead space allows isocapnic low tidal volume ventilation in acute lung injury. Relationships to gas exchange and mechanicsE De Robertis
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
Intensive Care Med 27:1496-503. 2001..No side effects were noticed. CONCLUSIONS: ASPIDS allowed the use of higher PEEP at lower V(T) and inflation pressure and constant PaCO(2). Multiple Pel/V curves gave insight into the tendency of lungs to collapse...
- Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on dead space and its partitions in acute lung injuryL Beydon
Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital, 49033 Angers Cedex 01, France
Intensive Care Med 28:1239-45. 2002..We investigated how physiological, airway and alveolar VD varied with PEEP and analysed possible links to respiratory mechanics...
- Effects of inspiratory pause on CO2 elimination and arterial PCO2 in acute lung injuryJérôme Devaquet
Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP HP, INSERM Unit 841, Centre Hospitalier Albert Chenevier Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
J Appl Physiol (1985) 105:1944-9. 2008..001) with no significant variation in Pa(O(2)). Postinspiratory pause has a significant influence on CO(2) elimination when small tidal volumes are used during mechanical ventilation for ALI...
- Prognostic value of the pulmonary dead-space fraction during the early and intermediate phases of acute respiratory distress syndromeJoan M Raurich
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, 07014, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
Respir Care 55:282-7. 2010..We measured the dead-space fraction in the early phase (first week) and the intermediate phase (second week) of ARDS, and evaluated the association of dead-space fraction with mortality...
- [Measurement of the Fowler dead space in patients with pulmonary emphysema using C18O2]T Meyer
Pneumologie 55:126-9. 2001..change in airway resistance is caused by obstruction of central airways, which is supposed to reduce the respiratory dead space. Until now, it was not possible to measure the respiratory dead space in patients with lung emphysema ..
- Elimination of ventilator dead space during synchronized ventilation in premature infantsNelson Claure
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
J Pediatr 143:315-20. 2003..Mainstream airflow sensors used in neonatal ventilators to synchronize mechanical breaths with spontaneous inspiration and measure ventilation increase dead space and may impair carbon dioxide (CO(2)) elimination...
- Labeled carbon dioxide (C18O2): an indicator gas for phase II in expirogramsHolger Schulz
GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Inhalation Biology, PO Box 1129, D 85758 Neuherberg Munich, Germany
J Appl Physiol (1985) 97:1755-62. 2004....
- Monitoring dead space during recruitment and PEEP titration in an experimental modelGerardo Tusman
Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Privado de Comunidad, Mar del Plata, Argentina
Intensive Care Med 32:1863-71. 2006..To test the usefulness of dead space for determining open-lung PEEP, the lowest PEEP that prevents lung collapse after a lung recruitment maneuver...
- Unveiling alveolar recruitment: the fascinating trail between theory and practiceEnrico Calzia
Intensive Care Med 32:1686-8. 2006
- Validation of an original mathematical model of CO(2) elimination and dead space ventilationJonathan G Hardman
University Department of Anesthesia, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
Anesth Analg 97:1840-5. 2003..6% to 0.8% and PECO(2) -4.9% to 1.2%. This validation allows future application of our model in appropriate theoretical investigations...
- [Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension]C Chenivesse
Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, Hopital Calmette, CHRU Lille, France
Rev Mal Respir 23:141-8. 2006..To determine the accuracy of cardiopulmonary exercise-testing (CPET) in detecting exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension...
- Measurement of changes in respiratory mechanics during partial liquid ventilation using jet pulsesGerd Schmalisch
Clinic of Neonatology Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
Crit Care Med 31:1435-41. 2003..To compare the changes in respiratory mechanics within the breathing cycle in healthy lungs between gas ventilation and partial liquid ventilation using a special forced-oscillation technique...
- Prone position, carbon dioxide elimination, and survival: a turn for the better?Thomas Bein
Crit Care Med 31:2804-5. 2003
- Tracheal gas insufflation as a lung-protective strategy: physiologic, histologic, and biochemical markersRees E Oliver
Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Pediatr Crit Care Med 6:64-9. 2005..Our objective was to use physiologic, histologic, and biochemical markers to test the hypothesis that tracheal gas insufflation in acute lung injury is lung protective...
- Unevenness of ventilation assessed by the expired CO(2) gas volume versus V(T) curve in asthmatic patientsN G Koulouris
Respiratory Function Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, SOTIRIA Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, 152, Mesogion Ave, Athens GR 11527, Greece
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 140:293-300. 2004..The change of the above ratios was not related to the percentage decrease of FEV1.0 following methacholine administration...
- Effect of the Y-piece of the ventilation circuit on ventilation requirements in extremely low birth weight infantsM Wald
Division of Neonatology and Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Wahringer Gurtel 18 20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Intensive Care Med 31:1095-100. 2005..Yet high tidal volumes are required to overcome dead space. In an experimental arrangement we tested whether reduction of dead space might reduce ventilation requirements and thus reduce volutrauma in preterm infants...
- Exercise response after rapid intravenous infusion of saline in healthy humansH Thomas Robertson
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 6522, USA
J Appl Physiol (1985) 97:697-703. 2004..The reduction in maximal power output, maximal O(2) uptake, and heart rate after saline infusion may be linked to accumulation of edema fluid in exercising muscle, impairing the diffusion of O(2) to muscle mitochondria...
- Tracheal double-lumen ventilation attenuates hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis in lung injured pigsSven Lethvall
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
Intensive Care Med 30:686-92. 2004..Evaluation of ventilatory and circulatory effects with coaxial double-lumen tube ventilation for dead-space reduction as compared with standard endotracheal tube ventilation...
- Differential contribution of dead space ventilation and low arterial pCO2 to exercise hyperpnea in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathyRoland Wensel
Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Am J Cardiol 93:318-23. 2004..Second, this latter component (depression of arterial pCO(2)) was not related to conventional measures of heart failure severity...
- The dependence of measured alveolar deadspace on anatomical deadspace volumeI K Moppett
University Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Br J Anaesth 95:400-5. 2005..We sought to quantify the variability in measured VDalv induced by changes in VDanat using a cardiorespiratory computational model...
- [Conditions under which alveolar air equations are modified and the compensation terms of saturated water vapor in those equations]Hirofumi Nose
Department of Anesthesia, Yokohama Ekisaikai Hospital, Yokohama
Masui 54:427-35. 2005....
- Continuous tracheal gas insufflation during partial liquid ventilation in juvenile rabbits with acute lung injuryGuangfa Zhu
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai First People s Hospital, Shanghai, China
J Appl Physiol 96:1415-24. 2004..either treatment alone. These results indicate that combined treatment of TGI and PLV results in improved pulmonary outcome than either treatment alone in this animal model of ALI...
- Alveolar recruitment improves ventilatory efficiency of the lungs during anesthesiaGerardo Tusman
Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Privado de Comunidad, Mar del Plata, Argentina
Can J Anaesth 51:723-7. 2004..The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with and without a lung recruitment maneuver, on dead space...
- Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure increments can be predicted by computer simulation based on a physiological profile in acute respiratory failureL Uttman
Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
Intensive Care Med 29:226-32. 2003..We examined whether computer simulation predicts airway pressures after increments of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute respiratory failure...
- Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled one-lung ventilation for MIDCABC Heimberg
Department of Anaesthesiology, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 54:516-20. 2006..We conclude that pressure-controlled ventilation may be useful to improve gas exchange and alveolar recruitment during one lung ventilation...
- Pigs are not a reliable experimental model in the study of the haemodynamic and respiratory effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneumL Richard
Department of Anesthesia, Jean Bernard Hospital, University School of Medecine, Poitiers, France
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46:74-9. 2002..The pneumoperitoneum induced a moderate rise in mean arterial pressure (+17%) (P<0.001) without any variation in heart rate, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistances...
- Changes in respiratory function following the intramuscular administration of etorphine to boer goats (Capra hircus)P E Buss
Department of Companion Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
J S Afr Vet Assoc 72:137-42. 2001..It was not possible to determine how effectively diprenorphine reversed the respiratory effects due to etorphine...
- Short-term modulation of the exercise ventilatory response in young menHelen E Wood
Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA
J Appl Physiol (1985) 104:244-52. 2008..g., with chronic acid-base changes or acute increases in respiratory dead space. When resting ventilation and/or Pa(CO(2)) are altered, maintenance of isocapnia requires active ..
- Changes in dead space can explain part of the reduction in gas exchange efficiency found, not necessarily linked to respiratory sinus arrhythmiaAlessandro Beda
Exp Physiol 93:513-4; author reply 515. 2008
- The effect of increased apparatus dead space and tidal volumes on carbon dioxide elimination and oxygen saturations in a low-flow anesthesia systemBruno J Enekvist
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Lund, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
J Clin Anesth 20:170-4. 2008..To determine if a large tidal volume (VT), with an unchanged end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETco2), could improve arterial carbon dioxide elimination, oxygen saturation (Spo2), and arterial blood oxygenation...
- The principle of upper airway unidirectional flow facilitates breathing in humansYandong Jiang
Dept of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
J Appl Physiol (1985) 105:854-8. 2008..We suggest this may be the reason that such a breathing pattern is preferred during respiratory distress...
- Changes in respiratory physiological dead space and compliance during non-abdominal, upper abdominal and lower abdominal surgery under general anaesthesiaT Unoki
University of Tsukuba, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Eur J Anaesthesiol 21:302-8. 2004....
- [Adjusting background flow in measuring ventilation of newborn infants and infants using the flow-through technique]G Schmalisch
Abteilung Neonatologie,
Pneumologie 49:461-5. 1995..Therefore, during tidal breathing the background flow should be at least three but not more than the six times VE to avoid an impairment of measurements...
- Early onset of pulmonary gas exchange disturbance during progressive exercise in healthy active menB Aguilaniu
HYLAB, Clinique du Mail, F 38100 Grenoble, France
J Appl Physiol (1985) 92:1879-84. 2002..Results thus suggest the existence of a common denominator that contributes to the GED of submaximal exercise and affects the maximal ventilatory response...
- Systematic errors and susceptibility to noise of four methods for calculating anatomical dead space from the CO2 expirogramY Tang
Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia
Br J Anaesth 98:828-34. 2007..This study assessed systematic errors and susceptibility to noise of the Fowler, Hatch, Cumming, and Bowes dead spaces calculated over 40-80% of the CO2 expirogram...
- Comparison of the effects of heat and moisture exchangers and heated humidifiers on ventilation and gas exchange during non-invasive ventilationSamir Jaber
Unité de Réanimation et de Transplantation Département d Anesthésie Réanimation B, Chu de Montpellier Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex, France
Intensive Care Med 28:1590-4. 2002..To compare the short-term effects of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) and a heated humidifier (HH) during non-invasive ventilation (NIV)...
- Dead-space reduction and tracheal pressure measurements using a coaxial inner tube in an endotracheal tubeS Lethvall
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Goteborg, Sweden
Intensive Care Med 28:1042-8. 2002..Precision of tracheal pressure monitoring through the DLT and safety issues, including intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) formation during DLT ventilation, were also evaluated...
- Pulmonary dead space and survivalFrancois Feihl
N Engl J Med 347:850-2; author reply 850-2. 2002
- End-tidal CO2-derived values during emergency trauma surgery correlated with outcome: a prospective studyJames G Tyburski
Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
J Trauma 53:738-43. 2002..The purpose of this study was to determine whether end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO) derived variables assist in evaluating the adequacy of resuscitation during emergency surgery for trauma...
- The effects of breath-holds and Muller manoeuvres on upper airway carbon dioxide concentration in humansA Raza
Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Respiration 74:533-6. 2007..However, it is not known if CO(2) can transfer from the alveoli to the anatomical dead space of the upper airway during apnoea...
- Effects of age and exercise on physiological dead space during simulated dives at 2.8 ATAH J Mummery
Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
J Appl Physiol 94:507-17. 2003..8 ATA because of wide variability. Older subjects had higher Vd at 1 ATA but similar changes in Vd, Pa(CO(2)), and Pet(CO(2)) at pressure. These results are consistent with an effect of increased gas density...
- Increase in vasopressin concentration and cardiodepressant activity in the blood dialysates from the sella turcica during acute hypoxiaA Goraca
Department of Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90 131 Lodz, Poland
Endocr Regul 34:127-34. 2000..The aim of present study was to investigate if the cardiodepressant factor and vasopressin are simultaneously released from the pituitary into the blood dialysate during acute hypoxia...
- Tracheostomy in ventilator dependent trauma patients: a prospective, randomized intention-to-treat studyErik S Barquist
Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 9380 SW 150th Street, Ste 100, Miami, FL 33176, USA
J Trauma 60:91-7. 2006..of ventilator dependence as well as having other benefits such as better patient tolerance and lower respiratory dead space. We conducted a randomized, prospective, single institution study comparing the length ventilator ..
- Sisters of the sinuses: cetacean air sacsJoy S Reidenberg
Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029 6574, USA
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 291:1389-96. 2008..they may subserve unique aquatic functions, such as increasing inspiratory volume, mitigating pressure-induced volume change, air shunting to reduce respiratory dead space, and facilitating underwater sound production and transmission.
- A model for evaluation of gas exchange: mouth to mouth ventilation of infants by emergency medical techniciansR K Kanter
Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Syracuse 13210
Resuscitation 20:145-51. 1990..20 +/- 0.007. Assuming normal metabolic rate and respiratory dead space, alveolar gas composition resulting from the simulated resuscitations would be PACO2 = 31 +/- 20 and PAO2 =..
- Short-term modulation of the exercise ventilatory response in goats: effects of 8-OH-DPAT and MPPID R Henderson
Department of Comparative Biosciences, Division of Science and Math, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279:R1880-8. 2000Increased respiratory dead space increases the exercise ventilatory response, a response known as short-term modulation (STM). We hypothesized that STM results from a spinal, serotonin (5-HT)-dependent mechanism...
- In vivo and in vitro morphometry of the human tracheaKirollos Salah Kamel
Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Clin Anat 22:571-9. 2009..The variation in adult tracheal dimensions in vivo is greater than in standard descriptions. These data may be valuable when interpreting chest CT scans and when calculating respiratory dead space.
- Effects of serotonin re-uptake inhibition on ventilatory control in goatsD R Henderson
Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
Respir Physiol 115:1-10. 1999..at rest, during steady-state treadmill exercise, and during successive rest/exercise trials with increased respiratory dead space (0.4-0.6 L). Fluoxetine was administered (> or = 4 weeks, 1 mg/kg, SQ, SID) and protocols were repeated...
- Long term modulation of the leg exercise ventilatory response is not elicited by hypercapnic arm exerciseD Paul Sumners
Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Science, South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 138:107-14. 2003..0+/-4.4), or (b) ten trials of arm cranking exercise paired with external respiratory dead space (1400 ml; V(I)=57.3+/-6.5)...
- The effect of a peptide-containing synthetic lung surfactant on gas exchange and lung mechanics in a rabbit model of surfactant depletionJohann M van Zyl
Division of Pharmacology, Cape Town, South Africa
Drug Des Devel Ther 7:139-48. 2013....
- Effects of dead space loading on neuro-muscular and neuro-ventilatory coupling of the respiratory system during exercise in healthy adults: implications for dyspnea and exercise toleranceDennis Jensen
Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 179:219-26. 2011..Under these circumstances, DSL-induced increases in exertional dyspnea intensity ratings reflected, at least in part, the awareness of increased neural respiratory drive, contractile respiratory muscle effort and ventilatory output...
- Jet or intensive care unit ventilator during simulated percutaneous transtracheal ventilation: a lung model studyY H Liu
Anaesthesia and Operation Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Br J Anaesth 110:456-62. 2013..Our goal was to evaluate the tidal volume (V(T)) generated by a conventional ventilator during simulated PTV compared with PTJV in a lung model...
- Potential effects of corticosteroids on physiological dead-space fraction in acute respiratory distress syndromeJoan M Raurich
Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
Respir Care 57:377-83. 2012..We evaluated the changes in the oxygenation and dead-space fraction in patients with persistent ARDS after corticosteroid therapy...
- Acute hypercapnia and gas exchange in ARDSGeorge Findlay
Chest 130:1950; author reply 1950-1. 2006
- Relationship between physiologic deadspace/tidal volume ratio and gas exchange in infants with acute bronchiolitis on invasive mechanical ventilationArmando A Almeida-Junior
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, State University of Campinas Medical School, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Pediatr Crit Care Med 8:372-7. 2007....
- Splanchnic hemodynamics and gut mucosal-arterial PCO(2) gradient during systemic hypocapniaJ A Guzman
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
J Appl Physiol 87:1102-6. 1999..01 for both). Hypocapnia caused ileal mucosal and serosal hypoperfusion, with redistribution of flow favoring the mucosa, accompanied by increased PCO(2) gradient and diminished serosal PO(2)...
- [Respiratory deadspace and compliance measurements in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia]R Romero
Servicio de Cirugia Pediatrica, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital Infantil Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C Doctor Castelo, 49, 28009 Madrid
Cir Pediatr 15:57-62. 2002..Vd/Vt and DC measurement constitute a reliable method to predict outcome in patients with CDH...
- Is there an optimal breath pattern to minimize stress and strain during mechanical ventilation?Josef X Brunner
Centre Suisse d Electronique et de Microtechnique, Schulstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland
Intensive Care Med 35:1479-83. 2009..A recent hypothesis is that lung injury is caused by excessive stress and strain. This paper elaborates on that hypothesis and proposes a new approach to optimizing the breath pattern...
- Cardiorespiratory effects of added dead space in patients with heart failure and central sleep apneaRami N Khayat
University of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine and the Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison 53705, USA
Chest 123:1551-60. 2003..Added dead space (DS) as a form of supplemental CO(2) was effective in eliminating idiopathic CSA. The efficacy and safety of DS has not yet been evaluated in patients with CHF and CSA...
- Acute effects of PEEP on tidal volume and respiratory center output during synchronized ventilation in preterm infantsXimena Alegria
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
Pediatr Pulmonol 41:759-64. 2006..An acute increase in PEEP can affect lung mechanics and tidal volume, but it is unknown if these effects elicit compensatory changes in respiratory center output...
- Critique of the equivalent air altitude modelJohnny Conkin
Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058 2769, USA
Aviat Space Environ Med 79:975-82. 2008..Adjustment through probabilistic statistical modeling to match the current limited experimental observations is one approach to a better isohypoxic model...
- Collateral gas transport by diffusion across tissue in the healthy, human lung; effects on dead spaceS C M Luijendijk
Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Maastricht, P O Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 133:99-107. 2002..The smallness of this effect means that the alveolar ventilation for Xe hardly benefits from this additional mechanism of intrapulmonary gas mixing...
- A hand-held device to measure oxygen uptake: performance characteristics, patient selection and the propagation of its measurement error into fick cardiac output determinationsAlbert P Shepherd
Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 3900, USA
J Invasive Cardiol 19:113-22. 2007..Our statistical model illustrates strategies to minimize cardiac output error...
- Lesser used tests of pulmonary function: compliance, resistance and dead spaceSteve Kraman
University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
COPD 4:49-54. 2007The measurements of lung compliance, airway resistance and respiratory dead space as clinical tests have gradually fallen into disuse as the standard pulmonary function testing procedures; spirometry, lung volume and diffusing capacity ..
- New diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolismJ A Kline
Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232 2861, USA
Ann Emerg Med 35:168-80. 2000..For comparison, recent data on the diagnostic utility of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and the V/Q scan are included. The potential application of these new tests to a hypothetical ED population is described...
- Causes of a high physiological dead space in critically ill patientsPeter D Wagner
Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 0623A, La Jolla, CA 92093 0623, USA
Crit Care 12:148. 2008..A solid understanding of respiratory physiology is required to properly interpret physiological dead space in the critically ill...
- A visual aid for teaching ventilation-perfusion relationshipsJ M Norton
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, Maine 04005, USA
Adv Physiol Educ 24:38-42. 2000..This approach has greatly assisted some students in mastering this traditionally difficult area of respiratory physiology...
- Steady-state end-tidal alveolar dead space measure and D-dimerFranck Verschuren
Chest 121:1373; author reply 1373-4. 2002
- Control of breathing during cortical substitution of the spontaneous automatic respiratory rhythmPhilippe Haouzi
Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculte de Medecine de Nancy, EA 3450, Université H Poincaré, France
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 159:211-8. 2007..It is suggested that, during volitional control of breathing rhythm, the signal used for adjusting the magnitude to the timing of the ventilatory output is derived from information contained in the duration of preceding expiration...
- Volumetric capnography and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stagingPablo V Romero
Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Servicio de Neumologia, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2:381-91. 2007..We conclude that IAH and IVE can be used when spirometry cannot be reliably performed, as an alternative test to evaluate the degree of functional involvement in COPD patients...
- Volumetric or time-based capnography for excluding pulmonary embolism in outpatients?F Verschuren
Universite Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Acute Medicine Department, Accidents and Emergency Unit, Brussels, Belgium
J Thromb Haemost 8:60-7. 2010..Volumetric capnography is technically more demanding but theoretically better than the time-based alveolar deadspace fraction (P(a)CO(2) - EtCO(2))/P(a)CO(2) as a bedside diagnostic tool for excluding pulmonary embolism (PE) in outpatients...
- Effect of respiratory rate on airway deadspace ventilation during exercise in cystic fibrosisA G Thin
Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, University College, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin, Ireland
Respir Med 98:1063-70. 2004..Exercise performance in CF might be enhanced by efforts directed at facilitating an increase in exercise tidal volume and therefore the adoption of a more efficient pattern of breathing...
- The influence of physiotherapy and suction on respiratory deadspace in ventilated childrenEleanor Main
Centre for Nursing and Allied Health Professionals Research and Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Child Health, 7th Floor, Old Building, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WCIN 3JH, UK
Intensive Care Med 30:1152-9. 2004....
- Swine model of early adult respiratory distress syndrome induced by intravenous ethchlorvynolP J Jebson
Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242
Crit Care Med 17:255-60. 1989..PVR increased by 137%, Qsp/Qt by 67%, and VD/VT by 28% over 30 min. These changes were then sustained in the postinfusion period, producing a stable model of early adult respiratory distress syndrome for 3.5 h...
- Dynamic dead space in face masks used with noninvasive ventilators: a lung model studyE Saatci
Division of Engineering, King s College London, UK
Eur Respir J 23:129-35. 2004..5% of tidal volume. Exhaust ports over the nasal bridge in face masks effect important decreases in dynamic dead space provided positive pressure throughout the expiratory phase is used...
- Mucociliary and long-term particle clearance in airways of patients with immotile ciliaWinfried Möller
Institute for Inhalation Biology, Clinical Research Group Inflammatory Lung Diseases, GSF National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Robert Koch Allee 29, D 82131 Gauting Munich, Germany
Respir Res 7:10. 2006..This prolonged airway clearance allows longer residence times of bacteria and viruses in the airways and may be one reason for increased frequency of infections in PCD patients...
- Measurement of dead space in subjects under general anesthesia using standard anesthesia equipmentJohn J Badal
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, PO Box 245114, Tucson, AZ 85724 5114, USA
Anesth Analg 112:375-7. 2011..In this study, we used the bellows PECO(2) measurement and arterial CO(2) (PaCO(2)) to calculate pulmonary dead space. We verified the technique by adding known apparatus dead space volumes during anesthesia...
- The effect of diffusion in the respiratory tree on the alveolar amplitude response technique (AART)J P Whiteley
Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 137:81-96. 2003....
- An assessment of dead space in pulmonary ventilation of the toad Bufo schneideriM S Fernandes
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14 049 900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 142:446-50. 2005..These approaches were consistent with a dead space of 30-40% of tidal volume, which indicates a specific pathway for the expired lung gas...
Research Grants66
- Respiratory NeurobiologyGordon Mitchell; Fiscal Year: 2007..Thus, we propose to continue a training program that meets important goals of the NIH research-training mission. ..
- Expired CO2/O2 Analysis to Diagnose Pulmonary EmbolismJEFFREY KLINE; Fiscal Year: 2007..This project will fund a clinical study designed to test the diagnostic accuracy of a hand- held breath device that detects the altered gas exchange physiology caused by PE in post-surgical and other patients at high risk for PE. ..
- Pretest Probability Assessment for Pulmonary EmbolismJEFFREY KLINE; Fiscal Year: 2005..In phase III, we will test the validity of the PE PREtest Consult TM and determine if the use of the PE PREtest ConsultTM will decrease unnecessary testing for PE. ..
- Surrogate markers for Severe Pulmonary EmbolismJEFFREY KLINE; Fiscal Year: 2005..This study will determine if criteria that are widely and immediately available in most hospitals can be used to risk-stratify severity of PE and to clarify the role of nonmalignant thrombophilias on the prognosis of PE. ..
- Mechanisms of respiratory long-term facilitationGordon Mitchell; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Respiratory plasticity and spinal cord InjuryGordon Mitchell; Fiscal Year: 2007..Further, the conceptual advances promised from these studies may be applicable to other disorders of respiratory control, including neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS. ..
- PLASTICITY IN RESPIRATORY MOTOR CONTROLGordon Mitchell; Fiscal Year: 2004..A multidisciplinary approach will be used to test key elements of the model. ..
- Mechanisms of respiratory long-term facilitationGORDON STEWART MITCHELL; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY IN VENTILATORY CONTROLGordon Mitchell; Fiscal Year: 2001..Further understanding of mechanism(s) that underlie developmental plasticity with its associated functional impairments may provide the rationale for therapeutic intervention, thereby enhancing functional recovery. ..
- Nonlinear Analysis of Heart Rate VariabilityChi Sang Poon; Fiscal Year: 2009..These clinical and modeling studies in turn will showcase the proposed analytical techniques thereby paving the way for their application to other complex biomedical modeling and analysis problems in general. ..
- Nonassociative learning in respiratory controlChi Sang Poon; Fiscal Year: 2005....
- SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS IN RESPIRATORY CONTROLChi Sang Poon; Fiscal Year: 2002..Five specific aims are proposed to investigate these mechanisms. The results obtained will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of afferent signal integration in the NTS and the corresponding effects on respiratory control. ..
- Integrative Models of Neural Adaptive ControlChi Sang Poon; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Pontomedullary Integration of Respiratory AfferentsChi Sang Poon; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- Xth Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of BreathingChi Sang Poon; Fiscal Year: 2006....
- COPD Clinical Research Network & Clinical Research Skills Core DevelopmentGerard Criner; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- ECG-derived estimators of sleep physiologyRobert Thomas; Fiscal Year: 2006..3) To correlate the biomarker with excessive daytime sleepiness, subjective sleep quality and cardiovascular morbidity (SHHS), and reduced neurocognitive function (NAPS). ..
- Secretory Phospholipase A2s in Airway PathophysiologyTeal S Hallstrand; Fiscal Year: 2010..Our goal is to determine the function of the sPLA2s in asthma so that novel therapies can be developed and tested in clinical trials that will improve the effectiveness of asthma treatments and alter the natural history of asthma. ..
- Physiological Consequences of Hypoxia and Lung DiseasePeter Wagner; Fiscal Year: 2006..abstract_text> ..
- WORKING MEMORY IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA-AN fMRI STUDYRobert Thomas; Fiscal Year: 2006..abstract_text> ..
- Neuroendocrine regulation of erythropoiesis following traumaAlicia Mohr; Fiscal Year: 2007..This proposal is novel and understanding the neuroendocrine mechanism of erythropoiesis following trauma is a preliminary step towards potential therapeutic modalities for the treatment of anemia. ..
- Physiological Consequences of Hypoxia and Lung DiseasePeter Wagner; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..


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This week we talk Diablo 3 with Nevik from 'The Overlores' and 'Shattered Soulstone' and Hyp almost gets ripped off in London. Also we talk about the final episode of Game of Thrones Season 2.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
The YouTube version doesn't have proper sound effect etc. Please excuse Nevik's lack of a camera , Hyp's shit camera and Hyp's hair.
The Addicted – Valar Morghulis Bitches
Episode 133
Addicted iTunes feed
Bind on Equip Megafeed
Feedburner MP3
Find our friends:
Bind on Equip
Control Alt WoW
Quitters go to Meetings
This week:
Cypher goes to Hell
Hyp goes to London
And we marvel at Agi's Staff.
Hellos and RL:
Busy Working. Haven't had a lot of time to log in.
Return from London stuff that I missed.
Guy tried to rip me off as soon as I arrived
The Fly
Food (had a subway lol)
Shit weather in the morning last week on 3 -11 shifts. Sun usually came out and blazed just as I arrived to work. Off for four days now with rain the entire time.
Working on the website…
Corrections Box / Mailbox:
The Addicted
Massive response from our new YouTube audience.
@TheAddictedCast Hyp: (referring to his cootie bites) "It might be from the type of cats I'm hanging around." Cheap Irish pussy..
Jason Rainwater @nevikjames
Listening to @hypknotoad &@cypher_x talk Diablo is highly amusing.
The Addicted on Facebook
In Game:
iTunes Reviews:
Our Weeks in WoW:
Played Diablo III. Thanks to Nevik for the trial code. Tried out a Demon Hunter. Saved Decard Caine and recovered the crown for the boss fight. Hate the click to move mechanic. The graphics were ok, but didnt seem like they were any better than Games we were playing 10 yrs ago. Turned up the graphics setting just to be sure. Killing Mobs was easy enough except for a few times when overrun with them. Why did I spend 2000g unlocking the crafting? I promises Nevik I would try out at least 2 classes so I will give the Wizard (his favorite) a try before passing final judgement.
Fucked up H Ultraxion about 3 times not good.
Ran firelands to get Agi his staff.clip
Grats to Agi for getting his staff
Our Weeks in TOR:
Got to 31. Was getting bored with Alderan so I just finished up my story Questline and moved on. Unfortunately the next bit is a Boss fight which requires Kara who I haven't been leveling with and again is un-equiped for the fight. Think I may need to go back to Alderan to level up more and try to get her some better equipment.
One for the Money (2012)
Director: Julie Anne Robinson (Weeds)
Actors: Katherine Heigl (Knocked Up, The Ugly Truth) Jason O'Mara (Resident Evil)
Out of work girl takes a job bounty hunting and ends up hunting an old Boyfriend who is an ex-cop on the run.
TV Shows:
Been watching more Battlestar Galactica while on my lunch break at work. Really enjoying the series.
Game of Thrones: Valar Morghulas
Piano theme http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6a9odk6b_c
- Tyrion wakes up in a rundown room and discovers that He is no longer the king and has not been recognized for saving the city.
- Joff hands out rewards for Heros in the battle. Makes his Grandfather the Hand, gives Littlefinger Harenhall, and goes through a Mummers Farse of setting Sansa aside and accepting Margaery Tyrell as his new bride. Littlefinger promises to help Sansa escape
- Brienne and Jamie run into trouble with some northmen and she cuts them down. Jamie is impressed.
- Cate urges Robb to keep his promise to Walder Frey. He marries Talisa anyway.
- Stannis is pissed he did not win the throne and doubts Melisandre and the Red God. She shows him a vision in the fire.
- Theon feels he is stuck between a rock and a hard place and Maester Luwin urges him to run to the north and join the wall.
- Theon Rallies his men for battle at Winterfell but they betray him and knock him unconscious. Dagmaw stabs Luwin.
- Shae tries to get Tyrion to run, but vows to stay with him.
- Arya finds Jaqen and he asks her to come with him. She says she needs to find her family and he gives her a coin in case she changes her mind. He changes faces and leaves.
- Osha and crew find Luwin at the Gods wood and he tells them to go north to find Jon. Osha stays behind and grats him death.
- Daenerys enters the house of the undying and is tempted by visions to entrap her. When she resists the Warlock tries to chain her. She escapes thanks to the dragons.
- Danny visits Daxos to repay his kindness and they lock him in his empty Vault.
- Qhorin forces Jon to kill him to earn the Wildlings trust.
- Ed, Grenn and Sam are caught in the snow when the whites attack.
Thanks for listening.


text:
Salsa Fish Sandwiches Recipe
These spicy and crispy breaded fish fillets are delicious on their own, but when topped with a tangy salsa mixture, they take on a whole new flavor profile. —Healthy Cooking Test Kitchen
- 1/2 cup dry bread crumbs
- 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/2 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/2 teaspoon dried parsley flakes
- 4 cod fillets (6 ounces each)
- 4 whole wheat hamburger buns, split
- 1/4 cup fat-free mayonnaise
- 1/4 cup salsa
- 4 slices tomato
- 1/4 cup minced fresh cilantro
- In a shallow bowl, combine the bread crumbs, garlic powder, cayenne and parsley. Coat fillets with bread crumb mixture.
- Moisten a paper towel with cooking oil; using long-handled tongs, lightly coat the grill rack. Grill cod, covered, over medium heat or broil 4 in. from the heat for 4-5 minutes on each side or until fish flakes easily with a fork. Grill buns over medium heat for 30-60 seconds or until toasted.
- Meanwhile, in a small bowl, combine mayonnaise and salsa; spread over bun bottoms. Top with cod, tomato and cilantro; replace bun tops. Yield: 4 servings.
Originally published as Salsa Fish Sandwiches in Healthy Cooking Annual Recipes Annual 2013, p56
Light-Bodied White Wine
Enjoy this recipe with a light-bodied white wine such as Sauvignon Blanc or Pinot Grigio.
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This is has been re-posted by me, after receiving permission from its author.
My open Letter to John Elway (Posted by Tom Mackie on his Facebook page)
Dear John --
You were a great player but you still have a lot to learn about managing an NFL franchise. You have already broken the first rule of being a great general manager, lying to players and to the great Broncos fans.
You told Tim Tebow that he would be the starter going into training camp. That promise lasted less than 2 months. I understand. All Tebow did was make the Broncos the talk of the entire country again, fill the stands with delirious fans, send merchandise sales through the roof, and make the team winners for the first time in 6 seasons. Tebow did this even after you told Kyle Orton that he was the man and then watched him drive the Broncos offense off I-25 into a ditch with a 1-4 record.
So you turned to the youngster. Of course, for good measure, before you handed Tebow the keys to the offense you got rid of the team's best receiver for an awesome 5th round draft pick! Still, despite the criticism and lack of offensive weapons, Tebow went 8-5 as a starter including an eye-popping, 7-straight wins. It doesn't matter that Tebow ignited the franchise and got the whole team to rally around him. I understand. Tebow has that pesky, quirky throwing motion. The kind that somehow throttled the #1 defense in the playoffs for over 300 yards and the most jaw-dropping winning TD play of the year – and perhaps playoff history.
But you said that was OK because you promised to work with Tebow in the offseason to help him improve his game. You said you were looking forward to taking the old tie off and get on the field to show the kid how to play QB. You lied about that too. All because a 36-year-old future Hall of Famer became available.
Which, of course, brings us to your second mistake – lying to the great Broncos fans. You told Bronco nation that you were going to rebuild the Broncos from the ground up to win the Super Bowl. But that's not true either. You see, when you dump your young star QB for a 36-year-old signal caller who hasn't played in a year because he was too busy undergoing 4 neck surgeries, you're not really rebuilding a team. You're trying to recapture the past. You're also betting against the 93-year history of the NFL. The truth is, no 36-year-old QB (or older) in the history of the league has ever won a championship with a new team. Never. Johnny Unitas, Joe Namath, Joe Montana, Kurt Warner, none of them could do it. And only Unitas was older than Peyton Manning. The closest was 35-year-old Chargers QB Tobin Rote who led San Diego to the 1963 AFL title after spending 4 years in Canada. That was the year I was born, John. I'm almost 50! Sure Peyton Manning is no Tobin Rote, except Rote did win more championships.
That goes to the next interesting thing about Manning. As great as he is, the guy has a 9-10 playoff record. I would mention that even the soon-to-be discarded Tebow has a better record. But that's not really fair. So how about Montana's 16-7 playoff record, Unitas's 6-3. Heck, you were 14-8 and it still took you 15 years to win a Super Bowl playing with the same team. It took Manning 9 years to win one with Indy. What makes you think Manning can pull it off in 3 years when better clutch players fell short?
Seriously, 3 years is the window you're looking at if Peyton signs with Denver. And let's be honest. It's not like the Broncos are 1 QB away from winning it all. There's that defense that gave up 6 TD passes in one playoff game. That never could really stop the run all year. I know if Peyton signs there's a chance you might be able to add a bunch of your Colts teammates. I guess if you sign them you could win the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLI, that is. Of course, by waiting for Peyton you're letting all the top defensive free agents sign with other teams. That's a lot to wager on.
OK, John. I get it. You're in charge. In your mind it doesn't really matter how your actions impact Bronco nation or the likes of Tebow. The heck with rebuilding a team. Let's win it all right now by gambling with a guy that's going to somehow turn back time by doing something no one in NFL history has ever done. At least do the fans one thing before you go off on your crazy dream to win it all with an aging, not 100% healthy QB.
Maybe, just maybe, watch Peyton throw first!
Tom Mackie is the co-author of Floyd Little's Tales from the Broncos Sideline. Check out his blog: TrueGridiron.com and follow him on twitter @TheMoops44.


text:
Lee, C.K. and Abdel-Moneim, S.A. (2001) Computational analysis of heat transfer in turbulent flow past a horizontal surface with two-dimensional ribs. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 28 (2). pp. 161-170. ISSN 0735-1933Full text not available in this repository. (Request a copy from the Strathclyde author)
Heat transfer and flow behaviours past a horizontal surface with two-dimensional transverse ribs were numerically investigated using a CFD model. The present model was adopted for turbulent flow of air past a number of rib arrays with different rib pitch to height ratios heated with a uniform heat flux. The temperature profiles and the local heat transfer coefficients as well as the flow velocity and turbulence characteristics were predicted. The results showed that the presence of the transverse ribs yields a significant enhancement of the heat transfer compared with that for a flat plate and the predicted heat transfer coefficients showed good agreement with previous experimental results. Also, peaks in local heat transfer coefficients were predicted within the interrib regions and were found to coincide with the points of reattachment of the separated flows.
|Item type:
|ID code:
|mounted 2-dimensional rib, one principal wall, rectangular duct, channel, friction, Mechanical engineering and machinery
|Technology > Mechanical engineering and machinery
|Faculty of Engineering > Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
|Related URLs:
|Depositing user:
|Strathprints Administrator
|Date Deposited:
|15 May 2008
|Last modified:
|16 Jul 2013 19:24
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"Global Learning for Global Citizenship" at Florida International University
Florida International University (FIU), as its name suggests, was founded with a distinctly global outlook. The Miami-based university is known for its extensive area studies and diverse faculty and student population—FIU's student body is composed of 81 percent ethnic and racial minority students, and the university confers more bachelor's and master's degrees to Hispanic students than any other institution in the United States. But until recently, "that diverse, global aspect wasn't actually being put to use for student learning," says Hilary Landorf, director of the FIU Office of Global Learning Initiatives.
Meetings and Institutes
LEAP News & Meetings
PKAL News & Meetings
Project Highlights
Other AAC&U News
The State of Young America: Education and Employment in the Millennial Generation
In Defense of Liberal Arts Education
Jill Tiefenthaler, The Denver Post, October 24, 2011
out about AAC&U staff visits and presentations to
member campuses and educational forums
Can We Bring Together the National Conversations on Cost and Quality?
It is highly unusual for a US president to call a small group of higher education leaders to the White House. But, these are clearly unusual times. Building on national economic concerns being expressed so powerfully through the various "occupy" demonstrations, many reporters have begun more intense coverage of the issues of college costs and student debt—the topics of today's White House meeting. The meeting today follows on a high-profile speech delivered in late November by Education Secretary Arne Duncan in which he called on higher education officials to "think more creatively—and with much greater urgency" about how to reduce the cost of going to college... More...
and read member announcements and position openings
AAC&U News is written and edited by Wilson Peden. If you have questions or comments about the
newsletter's contents, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Episode 55 > Id v Ego
Alani Foxall strokes her ID as Tim "Toaster" Henderson crushes your EGO. Human psychology is a mess, as always.
Subscribing to the WCSF podcast via iTunes is easy and convenient. Hella.
Our theme was composed and manufactured for us by the ever-kickass Chris von Sneidern. It's called WRITEFIGHT.
- drcairns reblogged this from courteousflush
- courteousflush reblogged this from writeclubsf and added:
HEAR ME NOW AND LISTEN TO MY VICTORY!!!!!! and also the fear in my voice.
- writeclubsf posted this


text:
WEAR - Search Results
Two companies pay damages to Destin family
An Okaloosa County jury has awarded nearly $15 million in damages to a family devastated by a natural gas explosion 4 years ago.
The Destin home of Michael Blanchard and Faye Boroughs was nearly leveled when the gas ignited in their laundry room in November, 2009. Blanchard died from his injuries 3 weeks later.
Boroughs was burned over a third of her body, but survived. Their 3-year-old son suffered psychological damage.
The jury found that two companies "Panhandle Plumbing" and "Andrews Cooling and Heating" were responsible for the blast by not following code., and failing to train their technicians properly.