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Archive for February 2010
I'm glad I don't judge beauty contests
by B.B. Pelletier
I get burned out on airguns from time to time. When it happens, I can remember being excited over this or that gun in the past, but nothing I see, touch or shoot at this time evokes the slightest measure of appreciation. You could hand me an HW55 Tyrolean with a full bas-relief stock worthy of the renaissance–and I would yawn.
When that happens, I have to do something else. For years, something else has been shooting firearms, reloading and casting bullets. Anything to break the connection with pellet guns for a time. Unfortunately, a number of circumstances–the weather, a heavy work schedule and my recent illness–have all conspired to keep me from going to the range since before Christmas. I'm ready to pull my hair out, if I had anything to grab onto.
Then, I happened to mention that I rode a BMW R26 while in college in the 1960s. A thoughtful reader sent me a link to a You Tube video of a prima R 26 that the owner starts and runs while walking the viewer around on a tour. Seeing that video was a mini-holiday for me.
The BMW R26 single-cylinder motorcycle is like an HW55 on wheels.
That got me looking at all the vintage Beemer motorcycle videos on You Tube and there are quite a few of them. That got me searching eBay Motors for what one of these treasures might cost–not that I would ever buy one. Five thousand $US seems to be the going price for a refurbished bike from Indonesia. Another $1,500 transport to the U.S. and who knows what to clear customs would get you a restored bike in beautiful condition–if it all worked out, that is.
That got me searching for a vintage motorcycle sales here in the U.S. and, lo and behold, I found one. A great one! Walnecks.com has lists of vintage and antique motorcycles that will astound you. There are many old R12/R26/R27 bikes to choose from. But if you're an Indian fan, and I'm talking about the original Indian motorcycles now, then there are Chiefs, Scouts and even a couple straight fours. I didn't find a Scott Flying Squirrel or a Sunbeam, but who knows what'll be there next week?
What does this have to do with airguns? Nothing–yet. But you know that it's coming.
And here it is. When I absolutely cannot look at one more synthetic thumbhole stock wrapped around a bucking, buzzing thousand-foot-per-second .177 breakbarrel with a beer-can trigger, I go to the American Vintage Airguns Forum. I call it my quiet place. Here the guns are old and so are the contributors. If they're young, they sure don't act it. Everyone respects the vintage stuff made in the days before the velocity races began. It's like an airgun show on the internet.
A bas-relief Tyrolean stock. This is an Aydt schuetzen rifle, but that isn't the point. This beauty is what puts me at rest when I'm bummed out.
The nice thing about this place are the friends you make. They're willing to bend over backwards to help a fellow airgunner. I think they're as nice as the readers of this blog, if you can believe that! If you have a question, they'll try to find the answer for you. And some of our most notable readers are also over there, so you won't feel lonely.
Here's a tastefully engraved Stevens scheutzen rifle. When I see work like this, I can't take my eyes away.
This Martini Swiss schuetzen rifle has traditional Swiss engraving and carving. You don't even have to shoot guns like these to enjoy them.
Anyway, that's how I'm feeling today. I'm gonna get out to the range next week and bust some caps to get my sanity back–or what passes for it.
And THAT, my friends, is why I'm glad I don't judge beauty contests.
The Crosman Silhouette PCP pistol – Part 2
by B.B. Pelletier
Well, I wanted to post the velocity results of the Benjamin Trail NP XL1100 today, so the first thing I did was measure the cocking effort for you. No more than 32 lbs., according to my bathroom scale. Wow, I thought. Crosman has found a way around the laws of physics. I'll take three, please!
Then, just as I returned to my desk an email arrived from Crosman informing me that the cocking effort I had inquired about was supposed to be around 38 lbs. Oh, oh! A few shots through the Chrony confirmed that this test rifle was not up to that spec.
The bottom line is this one has to go back to Crosman. They will expedite shipment of a replacement, and I must retract everything I said about the cocking effort until I test that rifle. I still am wildly impressed by what I see, and now I'll get to see a second one.
Sometimes it even rains in Camelot. And when it rains, we make mud pies and splash in the puddles until mother calls us to dinner.
So, casting about for alternative fun, my eyes fell on the Crosman Silhouette PCP pistol, which reminded me of their claim that it would give 50 good shots with a 7.9-grain pellet at 450 f.p.s. So, I decided to do the velocity test today. Actually, I'm doing only the first half of the velocity test, because I was reminded by one of our sharp readers that the Silhouette PCP has a power adjustment. Yes, besides all the wonderful things you already know, you can also adjust the velocity–up to 550 f.p.s. with a 7.9 pellet, says Crosman. That needs to be tested, as well. But, today, I'm doing the yeoman's work of testing the gun as it comes from the factory. Fifty shots at 450 f.p.s. with a 7.9-grain pellet.
Airing up
The pistol arrived with a caretaker charge of about 1,000 psi, and it needs to go to 3,000 for a full fill. This time I used my carbon fiber tank and filled until the needle was centered on the 3,000 mark. The pistol's internal gauge read 2,900 at that point, so the two disagree by 100 psi. Good thing I'm not anal!
How many shots?
Most of you regular readers know the drill by now. I start shooting and record every velocity that comes. If the Chrony misses one, I put in a line to indicate there was a shot that wasn't recorded. That's important, because that unrecorded shot uses just as much air as one that was. After the string is over, we'll look at it to see what we can learn.
Here we go. 3,000 psi fill, Crosman Premier 7.9-grain pellet.
8………..444 (Start useful string at 2,800 psi onboard)
72………441(end useful string at 1,600 psi)
*Fastest shot in string
With a shot string laid out like that, we can determine a few things. For starters, we can see that Crosman was conservative in their estimates of the useful number of shots. I put in a start point and a stop point on the string. Using the point I chose, which started when the onboard pressure gauge read 2,800 psi, and running to the stop point, when the onboard gauge read 1,600 psi, there are 65 shots in my string.
Another thing we know is the average velocity in the selected string is 457 f.p.s. and the maximum velocity spread is 28 feet per second. The claim of 450 f.p.s. was right on the money. You could cut this data string many different ways to accomplish other things, such as a greater number of shots, for instance, but it does demonstrate that the Silhouette PCP is everything Crosman has claimed and more.
My final comment about today's test is that I am, once again, impressed with Crosman's grasp of a metered valve in a precharged airgun. They're using a fill pressure spread of 1,200 psi to get 65 shots within 28 f.p.s. of one another. That's exacting performance on just a trifle of air.
More on how the gun shoots
I must comment that the bolt on this pistol is far smoother than any I have seen. It's made from hardened steel, and the bolt shaft is a wider diameter; when you pull back on the handle, there's never any binding or hesitation. The action simply cocks smoothly as a non-airgunner would assume that it should. Many years of experience with similar bolt-action pistols that were not this smooth have distorted my perceptions.
And the promised look at the trigger
This time I removed the sideplate for a look at the trigger. As you can see, it's a simple, one-lever type. Some smoothing of the sear that engages the hammer would probably pay off, but don't use a file! Use a hard stone and don't go too far. I doubt these parts are case-hardened any deeper than about 0.15″–if that. Follow up with moly grease. You're interested in stoning a smoother surface–not a perfect mirror finish, which would probably ruin these parts by cutting through the hardened shell and allowing the part to wear.
The trigger has a spring shim on the back side to remove slop in the pull. All the pins could take the tiniest bit of grease.
Next, I'll try the Silhouette PCP with an optional peep sight Crosman sent with the gun.
Disassembling and assembling a TX200
by B.B. Pelletier
I'm doing this report for Slinging Lead so he can see what the inside of his TX200 looks like. The work to disassemble and take photos took a total of 30 minutes, so that will be how long a disassembly should take after the first time.
Step 1- remove the action from the stock
First, we'll remove the action from the stock. If you have a scope mounted, take it off to make this easier. I use a sandbag bench rest to hold the rifle while I'm working on it, but you can rig up something with old rags or towels.
Four screws hold the action in the stock. Remove the two forearm screws first, then flip the rifle on its back and remove the two triggerguard screws. No special order for this. Next, separate the stock from the action.
Step 2- remove the restraining bolt
In this step, you'll take all the preload tension off the mainspring. The trigger housing will be pushed backward about three-quarters of an inch. This is the step where a mainspring compressor is needed for most spring rifles, but not for the TX200.
Step 3- slide out the piston and you're done
The next "step" is really just a continuation of what we've been doing. The piston is not held in the gun by anything at this point, but I'm showing you how to push it out with a small screwdriver.
One more thing
You can do a mainspring replacement, a lube tune or a piston seal replacement with just this much disassembly. There's really no need to go any farther. However, the sliding compression chamber will not come out of the gun at this point. One more thing must be done to take it out.
When the link is separated from the underlever, it's possible to slide the compression chamber to the point at which the cocking link can be disconnected from the sliding chamber. I have not gone that far here and doubt I've ever taken the chamber out of this rifle because there's just no need to.
Please don't start sending me lists of other airguns you want to disassemble. The TX200 is so simple that I didn't mind showing it here. Other guns can require four times the work to achieve the same goal. The ironic thing is that the TX is one of the few airguns that ever need to be disassembled in the first place.
Yes, I'm going to tell you to assemble the rifle in reverse order because there simply are no tips needed to put it back together. Naturally, you'll have to press down on the action to get the bolt hole in the trigger housing to align, but isn't that obvious? Once you've done this job yourself, you'll agree with me.
Benjamin Trail NP XL1100 – Part 1
by B.B. Pelletier,
Two things about today's report. It will be our first look at a Benjamin Trail-series rifle, and it sets the stage for the test of the new Benjamin Trail NP in .25 caliber. We want to be ready for that, later this year, and this should get us there.
We first saw the Benjamin Trail series rifles at the 2010 SHOT Show. We heard about them before then; and, of course, we've regarded the older Crosman Nitro Piston rifles for the past year, so this marked a good transition point for switching the Nitro Piston from the Crosman brand to Benjamin. When you look at the Crosman breakbarrels online, you'll note that the Nitro Piston Short Strokes are all gone–at least at Pyramyd Air.
Today, we'll start looking at the Benjamin Trail NP XL1100, which is .22 caliber. My first impression was, "Wow!" That came from the outside of the sealed box. I know that writers never say bad things about the products they review, but again I say, "Wow!"
Here's what made me say that. First, the box says it includes a Centerpoint 3-9×40 scope, so no thought need be given to scoping. It's all inside the box. Next, my eye was caught by the claim of 1,100 f.p.s. from a .22-caliber pellet rifle. Now, that velocity has been achieved before in .22 caliber, but not by a springer, I don't think. And, this time the box also says 30 foot-pounds. There's no mistaking what they're claiming. The springer that Pyramyd Air will sell you for a penny under $300 will offer the same power that the old Beeman Crow Magnum did a decade ago (in .25 caliber) for $1,175–without the scope. Folks, if that isn't progress then I don't know what is.
Still scanning the outside of the box, I saw a round sticker that tells me they tossed in a $20 sling, as well. I shouldn't tell you that because you'll all expect one; but whenever I see a sticker, I know the offer will last for only a limited time. But the deal is that the Trail guns have sling swivels built right into them, and this is a way to get lethargic writers like me to notice them…and maybe even install a sling and take a picture.
Note that I did not say sling swivel studs. Oh, no! That's so–yesterday! I said swivels, which include a front swivel that we haven't seen since the FWB 124D went away in the 1990s, I think. Boy does that swivel relieve me of answering a lot of questions because with a .22-caliber pellet rifle this powerful you just know that the primary users are going to be hunters.
The only hangup I have with this beautiful box (Crosman wins packaging awards in industry, you know) is the wording that explains that the gun is powered by a nitrogen piston instead of a spring. I have become so used to the industry standard terminology of gas spring that I would prefer they call it a nitrogen-filled gas spring. I will be explaining how it works for many years to all the newcomers who are not yet familiar with the gas springs in their minivans and SUVs. But, you know, it wasn't mine to name, and Crosman, as a corporation, seems to know the airgun market as least as well as any dedicated airgunner. Besides, at the age of 62, I'm entitled to be somewhat crotchety. It's part of my old-guy persona.
The last impression the box gives is that the metal finish is deep and polished. Of course, that can be done in Photoshop; but if the owner discovers something else inside, it may not work out so well. Since the intent is to open the box, I hoped they weren't exaggerating.
The box is opened
Okay, so the gun inside doesn't look like the picture on the outside. It looks even better. (Ha, ha. I bet you could have guessed I was going to say that.) But in this case it really does. The metalwork is about as shiny as the picture, but the wood stock is quite a bit more graceful than pictured. It's tastefully checkered on the forearm and pistol grip, and the Benjamin name is carved into the bottom of the forearm. Crosman told me they never want anyone to have to hunt for a Benjamin in a rifle rack and I like that attitude. If you've got it, flaunt it.
Oh, and that exciting new Weaver rail is there, awaiting the time when I mount the scope. What a wonderful idea.
So, I picked it up. Oh, oh. BIG GUN! Oh, my gosh. They are trying to get 30 foot pounds out of a .22-caliber springer. It's sore arms ahead!
No, it's not!
I will not reveal the cocking effort in today's report (because I haven't tested it yet), but my left arm tells me that if you can cock a Beeman R1, you'll be able to cock this gun. Oh, and guess what, kids? The safety is manual! Yes, they're trusting the owner with the main operational safety responsibility. Airports can't even trust the public to flush a toilet, but Crosman trusts us to shoot safely.
In defense of the airports, I think they made the right decision, too. I'm just glad that none of those disgusting people ever fly on any of my flights!
You know that free sling? They could have just thrown in a cheapie $6 Uncle Mikes web sling and called it a $20 value, but they didn't. They included a PADDED carry sling with the Benjamin name embroidered on the outside. When I see fine touches like that, I wonder how I can buy some Crosman stock. This is real "Santa's elves" thinking, in my book.
It's too early to talk about the sound signature, except to say that it's REALLY quiet! With my steel bullet trap being just five feet away, I can't hear anything other than the impact of the pellet. I need to get this gun outside. And, no, I'm not stupid enough to shoot this rifle point blank into my freshly-filled silent pellet trap. Maybe after 10K shots are in there I will, but right now I use the serious trap for for airguns this powerful at close range.
The trigger looks like the regular NPSS trigger I played with last year, so I'll be tweaking it and reporting on it then.
Bottom line (for whoever asked me to hurry this report along) is that I like very much what I see thus far. If this rifle is accurate and if it comes even close to 30 foot-pounds (which I will now define as anything above 26 foot-pounds with the right pellets), then they aren't going to be able to keep these in stock. When I saw this at the SHOT Show, I envisioned a 24-26 foot-pound gun. That would have been wonderful. Can it be that they've exceeded my expectations?
Refillable 12-gram CO2 cartridges
by B.B. Pelletier
Sorry about the blog last week. I was ill and out of my head part of the time, so I forgot about the huge three-part report on air transfer ports back in 2008 and did another one just like them only smaller on Friday. We also got some questions that I said I would blog, and I think today's report is for one of them, though I cannot find the original question. So, I might miss the crux of the question, but I hope to show you something many of you have never seen or even heard of.
I also think I told Matt that I would shoot firearms at a shovel, to see how effective it is as a bullet shield. Before I ruin a garden tool, how about somebody setting me straight on the real importance of this? Matt?
Today, the question is about refillable CO2 cartridges. And several readers have already responded with the correct answer. That is what bulk-filling is all about. It does work very well, we know that it works well and nobody disputes that fact. Back in my Airgun Letter days, I calculated the difference in cost between a 12-gram powerlet and a bulk charge that gave the same performance. The price of a fill dropped from around 50 cents per cartridge to less than a nickel for an equivalent fill that gave the same number of shots and power. The bulk pistol I used was a .177 Crosman 111 that got 50 shots per fill at over 600 f.p.s.
So, that part of the question is answered, but I don't think that was all the reader asked. Almost everybody who shoots CO2-powered guns ends up with a mound of metal containers that look like they should have some value, but don't. For the past 60 years, airgunners have made them into targets, wind chimes, and other items that extract a small amount of secondary use. But the cold hard fact is that you can't find enough uses to eliminate them all. Maybe if your castle was under siege you could load them into the cannons to repel the invaders. Lacking some wholesale use like that, you're going to have empty cartridges to throw away.
If you don't like it, try to convert your gun to bulk-fill operation. That's the only way I know to get around the problem, and we all know that doesn't always work. When the space inside the gun for the cartridge is very conformal and restrictive, there will often be no practical way to convert the gun to bulk-filling.
Therein lies my short and humorous tale for today. Back in the late 1990s, when The Airgun Letter was published, a British firm came out with a solution for this problem. Don't convert your CO2 gun to bulk-fill. Convert it to a precharged pneumatic!
Well, let me tell you, this was all the rage when it first came out. What you got for your money was a device that let you fill a cartridge the size and shape of a 12-gram powerlet with 3,000 psi air. The cartridge was then removed from the fill station. It held the air because it had an inlet valve that was shut by the internal air pressure.
The cartridge would then be placed into a CO2 gun, where the piercing pin was supposed to force the internal valve open. That allowed the air to exhaust into the gun.
This is the system being explained today. The fill station is comprised of the two parts on the left, and the three cartridges that get filled resemble CO2 cartridges.
For comparison, here's one of the refillable cartridges and a standard 12-gram expendable CO2 cartridge.
Here are the things that disturbed me about this design. The gun was set up to run on CO2 at about 900 psi. All the seals were optimized for the large CO2 molecule and are nowå being asked to work with far smaller atoms of air at triple the operating pressure! I doubted that the durometer ratings of the seals, plus the tolerances of the o-ring seats and valve faces were right for such a job.
No worry, I was told by the manufacturer. The exit hole in the cartridge was very small, so that 3,000 psi air didn't come out as fast as it normally would have.
Then there is the length of the CO2 piercing pins in each gun that had to be long enough to open the valve inside the cartridge. Are you aware of the gross differences there are in the length of these pins? Many of you own guns whose pins are not long enough to pierce a standard CO2 cartridge, and yet this thing depends on everything being the right length all the time.
Does that sound like exacting science to you? It didn't to me, but my readers pleaded with me until I finally popped to the tune of $150 for a system and two extra cartridges, bringing the total to three. Okay, I was ready to test.
Except for one thing. The freakin' system was only held shut by one or two coarse threads of the brass fill container when it was time to fill each cartridge. The variation was due to a variable length of each refillable cartridge.
Here is the refillable cartridge in the refill station.
This is how far the top screws down. I don't know about you, but I sure don't want to put 3,000 psi into that cartridge with just a couple brass threads holding things together.
Here's what's wrong with all of this. You don't use brass in 3,000 psi equipment when it's expected to contain the full pressure. You don't thread with coarse threads when you want a joint to hold under extreme pressure. And you sure as hell do not trust your life to the strength of just one or two threads for closure!
I may not be a rocket scientist, but I can usually spot a potential bottle rocket!
I never tested this system, but I made a report in The Airgun Letter that was very similar to this one, in which I showed the equipment and discussed my concerns. Apparently, the British firm that made the equipment had never been confronted by a negative review before, because within a few weeks we received what amounted to a "Cease and Desist" letter from the company's lawyer.
I cannot tell you how much that threat pleased me. I published it in The Airgun Letter and responded that we were a U.S. publication and even though the company no doubt had deep pockets and used lawyers as business tools, I had said nothing in my report that couldn't be proved in a court of law. In fact, I think the trial would have been quite a circus.
Today's moral is this–if something sounds too good to be true, if it seems to defy physics, then you're probably better off not trying it yourself. I remember all those "magic" carburetor modifications of the 1950s and '60s that were supposed to boost power and gas milage at the same time! We were paying 31 cents for a gallon of gas and were still too hard-headed to recognize that a huge V8 motor tasked to push a lead sled riding on bias-ply tires was always going to use a lot of gasoline.
Buy your CO2 cartridges in large quantities. And please, don't wonder if this same system could somehow be adapted to operate on CO2.
Changeable air transfer ports
by B.B. Pelletier
This subject was raised by Frank B., I believe, from our conversations regarding deep-seating pellets in spring guns. Someone asked if the transfer port of the Hy Score 801 was particularly short, which he felt explained why seating pellets deeply would show a velocity increase.
I have to tell you that it isn't that simple. The air transfer port conducts the high-pressure air from the compression chamber to the back of the pellet sitting in the breech. While it has a simple job to do, the transfer port is another factor in the overall performance of the gun. In that capacity, the tune of the gun relates directly to the length and shape of the transfer port. Yes, I said the shape, too.
If you have a .22 caliber Beeman R1 humming along at 22 foot-pounds and you alter the size and shape of the transfer port, don't count on the gun delivering the same power afterward. In my experience, and from what limited testing I did with the set of ports I'm about to show you, the power usually drops when the port is altered.
Changing port dimensions and shapes was all the rage back in the mid-1990s. Jim Maccari did a brisk business altering ports for customers. And he came up with some observations of his own while doing it. If you want the rifle to continue to function over a broad range of power, based on changing the state of tune (without altering the transfer port), he found it was best to leave the port as the factory designed it. Let me give you an example to illustrate the wisdom of that.
The Beeman R1 used to come in all four calibers (.177, .20, .22 and .25). But when Weihrauch produced the R1, they made the transfer port the same size for all of them. It would have been a costly management nightmare to make a spring rifle in different port sizes according to the caliber. So, all R1s came (and still come, I believe) with a transfer port that's very close to 0.125″ in diameter. The actual size is metric, but that's what it measures on an inch scale.
Now, say you're the owner of a .177 R1 that you want to rebarrel to .22. All that's needed is a new barrel and cocking link. Everything else on the rifle is the same between the two calibers. But if you altered the port for enhanced performance in .22 caliber, you might find it next to impossible to get decent performance out of it in .177. And, when you altered the port for optimum performance in .22, that's just for one or two pellets. You generally lose performance with other pellets when you make changes.
Because the transfer port is such a permanent part of the spring tube, any changes that are made can be permanent. Yes, I know of several ways to bush the spring tube so you can start all over, but is it worth the effort? Jim Maccari apparently didn't think so, because he donated a ruined spring tube to me for an experiment. Dennis Quackenbush made a set of transfer ports that slid into the hole and were held in place with a setscrew.
Another thing to think about is the shape of the transfer port. Many people suggested an air venturi. That would be a smaller hole with a bevel on either side. A properly designed venturi should speed up the flow of compressed air because it's made to pass through a tunnel that changes shape from large to small. But I never recorded any advantage from a venturi-shaped transfer port, perhaps because the machining was too rough.
Before you start your drill press, please know that I was never able to get this setup to shoot as well as an unaltered R1, but it was good enough for a few experiments. In a nutshell, here's what I learned:
1. Transfer port sizes from 0.120″ to 0.145″ give the same results for a .22 caliber R1 tuned for maximum power…in this gun, which was about 19 foot-pounds. When the size drops below 0.120″, the velocity slows. When it gets above 0.145″, it slows and the gun acts like it's being dry-fired. Lotsa dieseling, etc.
2. Exotic shapes such as venturis don't seem to affect the performance within the optimum size range and the targeted caliber.
There's more to the study of transfer ports, like ports that are centered in the compression chamber, versus ports that are offset to one side. But this should get you thinking.
The Crosman Silhouette PCP pistol – Part 1
by B.B. Pelletier
Before I start today's report, I want to thank all the volunteers who are helping me answer questions on this blog. Most of you are not aware of the large number of people who connect with this blog and land on reports that are several years old. They did a search on an obscure airgun question and we came up as a hit, so they clicked through.
The volunteers get all the messages that I get, so they see when someone has come to a 2005 report to post a question. They usually answer the question and also guide the person to the current blog. As a result, we have built a rather large community of airgunners. While there are 100 to 150 active posters at any given time, I would estimate the number of people reading the blog to be in excess of 20,000 a day. We have a group of four from Moscow who are regulars! We may even be larger than that. I think I'm being very conservative in my estimate.
But this blog is not about numbers. It is about connecting shooters to the information they need to enjoy their sport and hobby. And the volunteers who read all the messages are helping me reach these people every day. Thank you.
As a direct result of creating this body of enthusiasts, the hobby of airgunning seems to be growing at an accelerated rate. At this year's SHOT Show, I could see that interest in airguns was at an all-time high. Even the gun writers who have for years eschewed airguns as beneath them are now scrambling to catch up. Pyramyd Air is besieged with numerous requests to test airguns from writers and publications that are virtually unknown to most of us. If this continues, the sport and hobby of airgunning will soon become a major force in the shooting sports.
I'm glad that I lived long enough to see this day arrive. For too many decades, airguns in the United States have hidden under a cabbage leaf, embarrassed to have the word "guns" in their name. The time for apologizies appears to be coming to an end. It will be interesting to see how this all plays out in the coming years.
Okay, editorial over. Let's get on to the new Crosman Silhouette PCP pistol!
My first experience with the Silhouette was when field target champion Ray Apelles brought a prototype to the American Airgunner studio in the Catskills on the day when he and his father came to film an episode on field target. Ray let me try the gun and, sitting in the Creedmore position for handguns, I was able to clip weed stems at 23 yards.
For most of the summer, I thought the Silhouette was the only precharged pistol Crosman was bringing out, and for a time it looked to me like they might release it in the fall of 2009. They didn't, but it's coming out now and I have a sample to test for you.
If nothing else, this pistol may help us all with the difficult spelling of the word silhouette! Now, if everyone could just learn how to spell Crosman.
If you look real hard, you can see the family resemblance to the 2240 pistol, which shares a frame with many of Crosman's current single-shot pistols. That frame is descended from the CO2 pistols Crosman made 60 years ago, though there have been a few changes over the years. In fact, there had to be some changes from the current 2240 frame to accept the pneumatic reservoir tube, and this is where Crosman wins every time. They didn't just make one change and be done with it. No, they sweetened the trigger at the same time.
Oh, don't worry! They left enough creep and weight in the mechanism to support about a hundred hobby airgun boutiques offering trigger parts and other modifications to "fix the problem." There's also plenty of grist for all the forums to have endless discussions about it. I'm just wondering what slang term will have to be invented so people don't actually have to write Silhouette in their rants. The Marauder became the M-rod, the Discovery became the Disco and the Katana the Katrina. What will the Silhouette be called? Perhaps, the Shill?
Looking at the gun, and by the way, that is my test gun up top, not a Crosman photo. You can tell the difference because my gun has all the words engraved on the action while the website shows a plain receiver–at least that's how it looked when I wrote this report the night before publication. The first thing you'll notice is the bolt handle is on the left. For decades owners have been installing aftermarket steel breeches with the bolt on the left for right-handed shooters who don't want to let go of the grip while they're loading. This is a point that Ray Apelles argued for. And, because this is a Crosman gun, you can switch that handle over to the right side.
Switching sides requires separating the barreled receiver from the reservoir. They say in the manual that you will need to send your gun to a service center, but we all know that's not going to happen.
Cocking is so smooth that you'll want to keep on doing it just for the sensation. At least, you will if you've owned a lot of other Crosman single-shot pistols that had stubby bolt handles and stiff bolts that bound during cocking. I must note that the pellet trough is made from Delrin (that's engineering plastic) with no sign of a screw head anywhere near the trough. Crosman fans will know what I'm talking about. This is the way the gun needs to be built, because it eliminates all pellet flipping during loading.
And the trigger that the forums are soon going to be in convulsions over has a wider blade than the old-style flat blade, yet it will still accept a trigger shoe. It's a single-stage trigger with a fair amount of creep, but it has an adjustable trigger stop. Give me a jar of moly grease and stand back! I will have it slicked-up in no time. The trigger-pull weight is also adjustable over a narrow range. You access the knurled adjustment wheel under the grip panels.
The 10-inch barrel is a Lothar Walther, which adds value to the package. Not that Crosman can't rifle a barrel, because they certainly can. But sometimes it helps to have the Lothar Walther name associated with a gun just so everybody knows it's accurate.
The pressure gauge hangs down under the reservoir, sort of exposed. It looks like an afterthought, but that's because the pistol has no forearm to hide it. My sample arrived with a 1,000 psi caretaker charge in the reservoir to keep the valves closed against airborne dirt. That answers the question of whether or not the pistol holds air. I have seen Crosman's "clean room" setup for manufacturing PCPs, and they air up every one on the line so they can be tested. You would expect a boutique maker to do that, but what a surprise that a high-rate manufacturer does, as well.
This is a large pistol. It weighs 2.5 lbs. and is a quarter-inch shy of 15 inches in length. The aluminum receiver looks large and commanding. The pistol is built for the purpose of competing in airgun silhouette matches, but most will undoubtedly be purchased by plinkers. And they will probably want to mount a scope, though Crosman sent me a peep sight to also try. The pistol comes without a rear sight, so you can go either way, but I suspect most shooters will either scope it or install a dot sight.
It's a single-shot, as most competition guns tend to be, and the power is suited for silhouette competition. It operates on 3,000 psi air, so no chance of running on CO2 with this one. Buy a 2300T or 2300S if CO2 is what you want.
When I test it for velocity, I'll also weigh the trigger for you. So far, it's an impressive PCP pistol, though priced higher than I expected.


text:
The return of strip till
Do you remember more than 10 years ago, when researchers and Extension staffers were doing all they could to make strip till a reality? Back then the practice — also widely referred to as zone till — showed a lot of promise, but there were also a lot of headaches.
The key was the challenge of incorporating dry fertilizer and tillage in the fall, then coming back the following spring to try to visually line up the planter over the berm and deliver the seed and nutrients into the prepared ground. While the people interested in this technique worked hard at it, they were never able to show an economic benefit, no matter how much it seemed like the technique should have delivered that bonus.
Since the turn of the millennium however, there have been myriad advances in agronomy, technology and knowledge. Sometimes it's a bit dizzying to keep up. Consider that the past 14 seasons have seen the advances such as the widespread adoption of Bt hybrids, Refuge-in-a-Bag convenience, stacked trait technology, higher planting populations and densities, and full-season hybrid genetics.
Now, precision ag is helping to push the limits even further with variable-rate planting, enhanced seed singulation and a growing awareness of the full benefits of real-time kinematics (RTK) technology. The science is complex, but the basic concept is simple. RTK delivers greater positioning accuracy. It's a complex process that takes a GPS signal, interprets the wave carrying that signal and refines a location to within a fraction of a centimetre, and it's this GPS accuracy that can deliver agriculture inputs exactly where they need to go.
Thanks to the latest enhancements with RTK, strip till is making a comeback, primarily in the northern tier states such as Minnesota and Wisconsin. In that region, the practice is finding favor with growers on lighter soils and marginal ground who are looking to do less tillage but also want better fertilizer placement. Although it can be accomplished successfully on loamy or heavier soils, the window for such a fall practice is more limited both by weather and harvest conditions. If growers miss that fall application opportunity, chances are they'll just default to conventional methods in the spring.
Now, despite the differences in weather, harvest timing and management practices, the strip till trend is also making its way back into Eastern Canada. Agronomists, advisers, dealers and extension personnel are monitoring its uptake, as well as the opportunities to make the most of the trend. Tony Balkwill of Nithfield Advanced Agronomy, has seen an increase in grower interest in strip till in the past five years, and he believes more growers will be adopting it in years to come.
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Welcome to St. Mary's Residential Training School!
It is a place where dreams are nurtured, where hope is brought to life, where severe challenges are met with profound love.
Located in Alexandria, Louisiana, St. Mary's Residential Training School is a non-profit (501(c)3) residential care and training facility serving children and adults with a primary diagnosis of mental retardation. Persons with additional related developmental disabilities such as autism, Cornelia De Lange, Downs Syndrome, cerebral palsy, speech and language impairments, motor impairments, sensory integration deficits, pica and seizures, are accepted.


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Cleveland Browns
Adrian Moten - #56 - LB
|6' 2"/ 230 lbs.
|Suitland, MD
|Years played
Browns-Saints first-quarter notes
Here's notes on the first quarter of Browns-Saints from a Cleveland perspective.
Browns-Saints prediction
The Browns, heavy underdogs again, can compete with the Saints, but their chances for the outright upset seem slim, writes PFW's Mike Wilkening.
Identifying the top 10 kickoff returners
As kick returners make a big impact on games, PFW talked to multiple NFL insiders and came up with the 10 best kickoff returners in the league today.
Flashback: Browns' recent Week Seven performances
Take a quick stroll down memory lane with PFW for a recap of the Browns' Week Seven contests each of the last five seasons.
Improved control key in Hodges' good start
A little less power on his kicks and a good deal of persistence has helped Browns P Reggie Hodges to his finest season to date.
Browns-Saints matchup of the day: Saturday
Here's a closer look at a matchup to watch in Sunday's Browns-Saints game, namely Saints QB Drew Brees vs. Browns defensive coordinator Rob Ryan.
Browns WR Cribbs should play Sunday
Browns WR Josh Cribbs practiced on Friday and should play on Sunday against the Saints.
Report: Browns QB McCoy to start
Browns QB Colt McCoy will start his second consecutive game on Sunday against the Saints, according to an ESPN report.
Browns fantasy focus
Here's our weekly look at the Browns from a fantasy football perspective.
Browns-Saints matchup of the day: Friday
Here's a closer look at a matchup to watch in Sunday's Browns-Saints game.
Five questions with former Browns LB Dale Lindsey
PFW recently caught up with former Browns LB and current New Mexico State assistant head coach and LBs coach Dale Lindsey to get his thoughts on his nine-season career (1965-73) in Cleveland. Among the topics discussed with Lindsey, who has ...
Will NFL's hitting video scare players straight?
In the NFL's new getting-tough-on-headhunters video campaign, league football operations head Ray Anderson dictates the difference between clean and dirty. Warning: The distinction is slight.
Browns-Saints matchup of the day: Thursday
Here's a closer look at a matchup to watch in Sunday's Browns-Saints game.
Browns-Saints matchup of the day: Wednesday
Here's a closer look at a matchup to watch in Sunday's Browns-Saints game.
Browns' pass defense has tall order vs. Saints
The Browns' pass defense needs a strong showing for Cleveland to have a chance at an upset of New Orleans.
The Colts have waived rookie linebacker Adrian Moten.||||||| Moten played in 10 games this season, primarily on special teams, after being signed as an undrafted rookie. The move frees up a spot on the active roster the day before the winless Colts host Carolina. The Panthers left two injured linebackers at home Saturday, Omar Gaither (knee) and Jason Phillips.


text: Quincy ME Series 2 - 4. Visitors in Paradise Share: About this programme 4/13. The medical examiner involves himself in a controversial manslaughter case during a fishing holiday, but encounters hostility from the residents of the resort. Jack Klugman stars. Cast and crew Cast Dr Quincy Jack Klugman Dr Emily Hanover Anita Gillette Diane Diane Markoff Lt Frank Monahan Garry Walberg Dr Robert Asten John S Ragin Sgt Brill Joseph Roman Sam Fujiyama Robert Ito Danny Tovo Val Bisoglio Crew Director Ivan Dixon Writer Michael Sloan Categories Drama Share:


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text: EBH Ministries Inc The Element of True Worship 2014-05-07T14:16:49Z http://ebhministries.com/feed/atom/ WordPress Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6941 2014-03-17T15:51:56Z 2014-03-17T15:46:36Z Here is a thought….As I am sitting in my office I was looking at the Obituary of my grandmother. As I flipped through the pages my mind went back to the days when I was little, and she was at the stove cooking. As I am a grown woman now I cant help but to think how at the time life is happening…the future awaiting us is a blur. It is the future that seems so far that we pay the closest attention to the present. Today, I am finding peace in the fact that the objective of my faith is to pull that which is blurry and far into my right now sight. Faith was not created to give us hope in the present, but hope in the future. The Bible says that which can be seen is not hope, it is only hope when you cant see it and still believe. You have to possess faith to pull that thing that is far from you, so that you can simply hope in it. Today, pull it to you using faith, only for you to hope in it tomorrow. God I do love you, and I love that the woman you gave to raise me wasn't perfect. I thank you that through her flaws I was able to learn how perfect you are, and will always be……EBH ]]> 33 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6921 2014-03-17T15:52:09Z 2014-03-17T15:45:29Z God promises to know more about our situation, then we do. Today, I have total confidence in the eyes of God. He see everything even the intent of a man's heart. His eyes penetrate even the darkest of night. ]]> 81 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6911 2014-03-17T15:52:20Z 2014-03-17T15:44:47Z Here is a thought….only the things that you do for God in secret do He expose openly. A baby is conceived in private, yet the great revealing of that which has happened in secret is when the woman begins to show. Let God openly reward every secret place and space….let it show what has been happening in private for your Glory!!!! ]]> 3 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6891 2014-03-17T15:52:40Z 2014-03-17T15:44:11Z Here is a thought…..the Bible teaches us when we know better we are to do better. And here is the thought behind scripture….God has to more than just understand the penalty of ignorance. He has to give a grace for it. Ignorance is such a deadly toxin. It causes malfunction and dysfunction to the point, a human person is guided off track. What am I talking about? Well to make it plain….let's get at the whole sleeping around concept. On television….The Jeresy Shore. These Italian hipsters (lol) are getting paid to stay at a house, drink in the club, and whore day in and day out. They are getting paid to trick. Whereas in the Black Community….we have been doing this very thing for years, and no body has offered one of our people the opportunity to display there ignorance for money. This is a problem. We belittle each other daily…stand in welfare lines, curse out the caseworkers, and get our kids took in large numbers. Is not all this drama worthy of reality tv. I am just saying…the little girl on Honey Boo Boo…doesn't speak plain English, and for the most part their house is over crowded…..whereas we have our people with a open door policy to anyone and everyone…and its common knowledge that the first of the month is a time of prosperity. Tacos at nearly anyone's house….does the television producer not see something funny in this……Its time for black people to get up. We have been exploited to long…..And according to scripture this is not the will of God for any nation. We must forgive our debtors. We cant keep saying the White Man, My Caseworker, and I never had a Mother…..There are so many of us who didn't have no one. Who have been molested, raped, abused, abandoned, left for dead, neglected, placed in someone else care, and much worse. We have to let these bondages go….The Israelites were enslaved by the Egyptians for 430 years….and to this day the pyramids that they help build still stand erected. But, they have moved on with there life. And as a nation we must do the same. Everything that our ancestors help build….is still standing for us to look at today, just like the Israelites. But, if we dont move on from it. Then we are going to be there stuck looking at it…..Let's move on…Let's forgive them….and start a new life under the All Seeing Eye of God. EBH ]]> 12 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6881 2014-03-17T15:52:52Z 2014-03-17T15:43:43Z Here is a truth….anytime you are faced with a challenge. It isn't because God is allowing something to over take you. He is allowing it because He wants to show His capabilities in the situation. Had He never allowed Pharaoh to possess His people we would have never known His abilities in bringing them out. So I say to the God who created me, formed me in my mother's womb….i recognize that I am not going through anything but coming out of everything. I will see what you are capable of doing in every challenge presenting itself to me. I will praise you….as I Learn how you are able to deliver me from the plot of all my enemies. You are greater, mightier, and more powerful. For they that be with me is more then they that be with them……GloryB2God ]]> 14 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6871 2014-03-17T15:53:06Z 2014-03-17T15:43:12Z Here is a thought….don't push through something and come out with nothing. If your going to be victorious in any situation you better come out with more than just a change of heart. You better come out with a clothing line, book, and a business. The point is…. to not be empty handed. This time I am going to make the devil pay me triple because the last time I got cheated on the double.#FleshIsDestroyedWhenYourWalkingInTheSpirit ]]> 29 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6861 2014-03-17T15:53:19Z 2014-03-17T15:42:38Z Father in the name of Jesus, we are praying for your protection. We ask of your spirit to keep us in you, to hide us from all danger, and to preserve us in truth. We ask of your Spirit to cleanse the path of wickedness, and to set us up in the greener pastures of your goodness. We ask you Oh Wise King to remember our name in the day of evil, and to hide our souls from being hunted. In the name of Jesus…Amen. ]]> 1 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6851 2014-03-17T15:53:31Z 2014-03-17T15:42:08Z Oh Great and Mighty God…the Eternal God of Creation…the True, Just, and Holy God of Israel….the Brightest of Day….The Supreme Ruler over the night….The Counter of the Stars….The Great Architect of Human Creation…The Divine One….The Ancient of Days….The Great Director….and the Mastermind behind human thought…..The All Knowing….The Commander and Chief Over All of Heaven and Earth..The Great Designer of Heaven and Earth….The Chief Executive over every word, and thought…..we bow before your throne tonight. We glorify your name alone. You are the ancient of Days. Your name alone has stood for centuries. Your marvelous name has been challenged throughout the ages, and have come out on the winning side. You are the most Wise God…..and together all that you created are as a drop in a bucket to you. None of us together whether alive, dead, or soon to be born can challenge your absolute power. You are full of your own self. You need no ones help. No one taught you, or can teach you anything. You drew the plans of earth based on your own coordinates, and you sketched the plan of man based on your own desires. You alone are God….and besides you there is no one, and nothing else. ]]> 2 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6841 2014-03-17T15:53:47Z 2014-03-17T15:41:28Z The reason we can't see God is because something is blocking Him….I can hear Him say. Remove what's blocking you from seeing me. ]]> 1 Overseer Ebony http://ebhministries.com/?p=6821 2014-03-17T15:53:57Z 2014-03-17T15:40:54Z As I am lead by God I have come to a place where I am realizing that our effort and tenacity can only get us half the way. The Bible teaches those that read it…that no man can come to God unless God draws a person unto Himself. Here is a breakdown….life is like stairs on a ladder. Each step represents a different level of life. Each step represents our on will as it relates to the intended purpose of our life. But, here is a truth. Thou each of us have steps to climb, and the will to climb the Ladder of Life…none of us possess the ability to start climbing or stop unless we are drawn by God to start.Today, no matter the steps involved in the process. Feel the tug from God to get started. No matter how steep the steps be motivated by action. Inactivity produces no results. Challenge yourself today to outweigh the overwhelming urge to give up. Press toward the mark, step your foot on the first step of the process…because the next step you make will be God inspired. EBH ]]> 1


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Xavier Ochoa, Erik Duval, "Relevance Ranking Metrics for Learning Objects," IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 34-48, January-March, 2008.
@article{ 10.1109/TLT.2008.1,
author = {Xavier Ochoa and Erik Duval},
title = {Relevance Ranking Metrics for Learning Objects},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
issn = {1939-1382},
year = {2008},
pages = {34-48},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TLT.2008.1},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
JO - IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
TI - Relevance Ranking Metrics for Learning Objects
A1 - Xavier Ochoa,
A1 - Erik Duval,
KW - Digital Libraries
KW - Systems issues
KW - Search process
KW - Metadata
KW - Information filtering
JA - IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
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[42] E.H. Chi, P. Pirolli, K. Chen, and J. Pitkow, "Using Information Scent to Model User Information Needs and Actions and the Web," Proc. SIGCHI Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '01), J. Jacko and A. Sears, eds., pp. 490-497, 2001.
[43] A. Budanitsky and G. Hirst, "Semantic Distance in Wordnet: An Experimental, Application-Oriented Evaluation of Five Measures," Proc. Workshop WordNet and Other Lexical Resources, Second Meeting of the North Am. Chapter of the Assoc. Computational Linguistics, pp. 29-34, 2001.
[44] G. Jeh and J. Widom, "Simrank: A Measure of Structural-Context Similarity," Proc. Eighth ACM SIGKDD Int'l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD '02), D. Hand, D. Keim, and R.Ng, eds., pp. 538-543, 2002.
[45] S. Downes, "Models for Sustainable Open Educational Resources," Interdisciplinary J. Knowledge and Learning Objects, vol. 3, pp. 29-44, 2007.
[46] J.M. Kleinberg, "Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment," J. ACM, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 604-632, 1999.
[47] A.M.A. Wasfi, "Collecting User Access Patterns for Building User Profiles and Collaborative Filtering," Proc. Fourth Int'l Conf. Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI '99), M. Maybury, P. Szekely, and C.G. Thomas, eds., pp. 57-64, 1999.
[48] B. Mobasher, R. Cooley, and J. Srivastava, "Automatic Personalization Based on Web Usage Mining," Comm. ACM, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 142-151, 2000.
[49] E. Pampalk, T. Pohle, and G. Widmer, "Dynamic Playlist Generation Based on Skipping Behavior," Proc. Sixth Int'l Conf. Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR '05), T. Crawford and M.Sandler, eds., pp. 634-637, 2005.
[50] O. Medelyan and I. Witten, "Thesaurus Based Automatic Keyphrase Indexing," Proc. Sixth ACM/IEEE CS Joint Conf. Digital Libraries (JCDL '06), M.L. Nelson and C.C. Marshall, eds., pp. 296-297, 2006.
[51] M. Sicilia, E. Garcia, C. Pages, and J. Martinez, "Complete Metadata Records in Learning Object Repositories: Some Evidence and Requirements," Int'l J. Learning Technology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp.411-424, 2005.
[52] S. Upendra, "Social Information Filtering for Music Recommendation," master's thesis, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, http://citeseer.ist.psu.edushardanand94social.html , 1994.
[53] A. Aizawa, "An Information-Theoretic Perspective of TF-IDF Measures," Information Processing and Management, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 45-65, Jan. 2003.
[54] R. Kraft, F. Maghoul, and C.C. Chang, "Y!Q: Contextual Search at the Point of Inspiration," Proc. 14th ACM Int'l Conf. Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM '05), F. Douglis and P. Raghavan, eds., pp. 816-823, 2005.
[55] Proc. Learning to Rank Workshop, Neural Information Processing Systems Conf. (NIPS), S. Agarwal, C. Cortes, and R. Herbrich, eds., 2005.
[56] R. Herbrich, T. Graepel, and K. Obermayer, Large Margin Rank Boundaries for Ordinal Regression, chapter Large Margin Rank Boundaries for Ordinal Regression, pp. 115-132, MIT Press, 2000.
[57] M. Richardson, A. Prakash, and E. Brill, "Beyond Pagerank: Machine Learning for Static Ranking," Proc. 15th Int'l Conf. World Wide Web (WWW '06), C. Goble and M. Dahlin, eds., pp.707-715, 2006.
[58] R. Yan and A. Hauptmann, "Efficient Margin-Based Rank Learning Algorithms for Information Retrieval," Proc. Fifth Int'l Conf. Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR '06), W.-K. Leow, M.S.Lew, T.-S. Chua, W.-Y. Ma, L. Chaisorn, and E.M.Bakker, eds., pp.113-122, 2006.
[59] V. Raykar, R. Duraiswami, and B. Krishnapuram, "A Fast Algorithm for Learning Large Scale Preference Relations," Proc. 11th Int'l Conf. Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS '07), M.Meila and X. Shen, eds., vol. 2, pp. 388-395, 2007.
[60] S. Carson, "Program Evaluation Findings Report MIT Opencourseware," technical report, Massachusetts Inst. of Tech nology, 2005.
[61] R. Fagin, R. Kumar, M. Mahdian, D. Sivakumar, and E. Vee, "Comparing and Aggregating Rankings with Ties," Proc. 23rd ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART Symp. Principles of Database Systems (PODS '04), C. Beeri, ed., pp. 47-58, 2004.
[62] R. Kraft, C.C. Chang, F. Maghoul, and R. Kumar, "Searching with Context," Proc. 15th Int'l Conf. World Wide Web (WWW '06), C.Groble and M. Dahlin, eds., pp. 477-486, 2006.


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Schlafly Pumpkin Stout - The Schlafly Tap Room
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Ratings: 7 | Reviews: 2 | Display Reviews Only:
Reviews by BedetheVenerable:
3.95/5 rDev +1.8%
Presentation: 64oz Schlafly growler into a Schlafly APA glass. Brewed with pumpkin, butternut squash, and pie spices. This was around $10 for the growler, plus a $2 tip.
Appearance: Dark brown, nearly black, though a bit of light gets through when held up to a bright light. A nice tan head actually sticks around for a bit (even though we picked up this growler last night). Overall, nice.
Smell: Lots of pumpkin pie spice right up front, along with a molasses-like sweetness which reminds me of my late grandma's old-fashioned oatmeal cookies...man I miss those! Simple, but really nice.
Taste: I noticed that some reviews on that 'other' site complained that this tasted just like Schlafly's Pumpkin Ale and I was prepared to be a bit bummed out. No worries on that account. The spices come first, along with a touch of warming alcohol, medium bitterness (from a combination of hops, roasted grain, and spices, I think) and a dry, roasty finish. Just a touch of malt sweetness through the middle.
Mouthfeel: Shockingly (after a day in the growler) this is fairly highly-carbonated. It could be just a touch less, honestly, but it's not quite over-carbonated. My wife and I both felt that this felt a bit more like a porter than a stout though, especially in terms of weight.
Overall: This was a nice surprise. I'd seen that this was one of the 'special' beers at 2012's Hop in the City. I didn't think I'd get a chance to taste it, since we couldn't make it down from Hop, but Taproom put some on after the festival. Overall, I'm rather impressed!
This would probably go for about the same price as the regular Schlafly Pumpkin Ale ($10-11 a sixer) if it were bottled. For that price, I'd gladly pick up a sixer or two of this per season.
89--B+ For what it's worth, if this was called a 'pumpkin porter' (or was a bit richer/weightier, with the 'stout' designation) and had just slightly less carbonation, it'd probably be a point higher.
09-22-2012 01:58:24 | More by BedetheVenerable
More User Reviews:
4.25/5 rDev +9.5%
08-22-2014 01:17:25 | More by briang01
District of Columbia
3.75/5 rDev -3.4%
12-05-2013 23:32:59 | More by apasternak
4/5 rDev +3.1%
10-04-2012 21:57:17 | More by injuredreserve
3.98/5 rDev +2.6%
Had this at the Schlafly hop in the city festival in my sampler glass, and loved it so much I bought a growler of it. This review is from a growler that is a few days old. The beer maintained its quality very well in the growler. Schlafly growlers seal tight and keep the carbonation well.
The appearance is pretty good, especially for a growler serving. It had a lightly tan one finger head that dissipated into a thin sheen on top, with ok lacing.
Aroma is wonderful, but not too over the top. You can really tell that it's a pumpkin beer, spiced, and a stout. Pumpkin aromas are subtle and a little sweet (I can see this may have been made with butternut squash too, at least that's what it smells like to me). The spices are absolutely perfect for a fall/holiday/pumpkin beer, not too over the top but obvious and delicious, with nutmeg and clove standing out, and most importantly (at least to me) not an overload of cinnamon. Roasty stout aromas complete the olfactory experience!
The taste follows the smell quite closely. Roasty malts are followed by a nice spiciness and a moderate pumpkin flavor. There's just a tinge of hops bitterness to complete what is a very balanced and delicious beer.
Mouthfeel is medium, with a lightly roasty and spicy aftertaste. Carbonation is light but ample, creamy, and not inappropriate for the style.
Overall I think this is a wonderful pumpkin beer and a very nice fall treat. I recommend trying a glass if you can get some before it's all gone. Anyone who loves pumpkin beers should find this one quite interesting. The thing I like most about it is that it's NOT over-spiced (a trait that I feel kills a lot of holiday beers).
09-21-2012 20:51:37 | More by AlCaponeJunior
3.5/5 rDev -9.8%
12-16-2012 04:42:20 | More by psdonnelly
3.75/5 rDev -3.4%
07-06-2013 19:28:38 | More by bsuedekum
Schlafly Pumpkin Stout from The Schlafly Tap Room
- out of 100 based on 7 ratings.


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The 2006 University of Calgary Dinos men's football schedule has been announced and the footballsaurs will kick off their season against the University of British Columbia Thunderbirds Sept. 2 at Thunderbird Stadium in B.C.
Their first home game will be against the University of Alberta Golden Bears Sept. 9 at McMahon Stadium.
However, if your craving for Dinos football can't wait, you can catch an ex-Dino in the NFL pre-season. Dan Federkeil, a five-year starter on the Dinos' defensive line, will dress for the Indianapolis Colts' game against the St. Louis Rams Thu., Aug. 10. The game airs live at 7 p.m. on Fox.
Federkeil finished his fifth year as a Dino in the 2005 season. He was named U of C Male Athlete of the Year.


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Chicago Bears
Gabe Carimi - #72 - G
|6' 7"/ 316 lbs.
|Cottage Grove, WI
|Years played
|2011, 1st round, 29th pick by Bears
TE Bennett says he's a Bear
Free-agent TE Martellus Bennett says he is headed to the Chicago Bears and leaving the New York Giants.
Chicago Bears: 2013 team needs
We highlight the top three needs on offense and defense for the Chicago Bears, and take a look back at their 2012 draft class.
Bears DT Melton receives franchise tag
The Bears placed the franchise tag on DT Henry Melton, the team announced Friday.
Bears OT Webb arrested on drug charges
Bears OT J'Marcus Webb was arrested and charged with possession of marijuana on Sunday evening.
Trestman 'excited' to be Bears coach, work with Cutler
New Bears head coach Marc Trestman opened media availability at the NFL Combine and discussed his preparation for the 2013 season.
Bears release WR Knox
The Bears terminated the contract of WR Johnny Knox, the team announced Tuesday.
Bears would be silly to let Hester become next Jacoby Jones
Devin Hester wants a fresh start, somewhere other than Chicago. After watching what Jacoby Jones did after leaving Houston, the Bears need to keep Hester.
Trestman's patience, smarts will suit him well
New Bears coach Marc Trestman comes in with a plan and appears to be prepared. But will he be able to deliver a winner in Chicago?
Coaching changes don't bode well for Urlacher returning
The departure of several of Lovie Smith's defensive assistants increases the probability that longtime Bears MLB Brian Urlacher won't return in 2013.
Tucker takes over Bears' defense
The Bears added to their new coaching staff on Friday, hiring Mel Tucker as defensive coordinator, the team confirmed.
Bears add Cavanaugh, Peete to staff
The Chicago Bears have hired Matt Cavanaugh as their quarterbacks coach and Skip Peete as their running backs coach.
Kromer, DeCamillis to join Trestman's staff
Aaron Kromer will reunite with Marc Trestman and join the Bears as their new offensive coordinator/offensive line coach.
Bears hire Trestman as new head coach
The Chicago Bears have reached an agreement with Marc Trestman to become the team's 14th head coach in franchise history.
Report: Bears WR Marshall to undergo procedure on hip
Bears WR Brandon Marshall will undergo arthroscopic surgery on his hip, according to ESPN Chicago's Michael C. Wright.
Chiefs add Toub to coaching staff
The Chiefs announced Tuesday the hiring of Dave Toub as the team's new special-teams coordinator.
Carimi practiced Tuesday for the first time since a season-ending knee injury.||||||| Carimi was a spectator as planned on Wednesday, but expects to be on the field Thursday and take part in all sessions next week. Carimi started two games at right tackles last season before he dislocated his knee against New Orleans in the second game. His rookie season came to an end after he had arthroscopic surgery in November and a procedure in December to repair connective tissue around his patella and medial collateral ligament.
Carimi is the second Chicago Bears offensive lineman placed on injured reserve in less than a week.||||||| Carimi, the team's starting right tackle, has been out since the second game of the season with a dislocated right knee. Carimi returned briefly to practice, but suffered a setback and underwent an arthroscopic procedure Nov. 11.
Carimi was undergoing arthroscopic surgery on his right knee Friday morning. The team announced on its website that the first-round draft pick was having an arthroscopic procedure.||||||| Carimi has missed six games since he injured his knee against New Orleans on Sept. 18. He practiced last Thursday but has sat out since then. Lance Louis has started the past three games at right tackle, and the line has shown dramatic improvement. The Bears are coming off a win at Philadelphia on Monday in which Jay Cutler did not get sacked.
Carimi has dislocated his right knee, according to the Chicago Sun-Times.||||||| Carimi left Sunday's game in the second quarter. The Bears said Monday that it was a sprain, but the Sun-Time source said he could miss four weeks. Not good news for Jay Cutler, who was sacked six times Sunday. Frank Omiyale took his spot on the line Sunday.
Carimi has hurt his right leg in the second quarter of Sunday's game against the New Orleans Saints.||||||| Trainers appeared to be testing Carimi's knee after Jay Cutler threw an incomplete pass in the final minute of the first half, and the lineman required assistance to get to the sideline. Bears officials did not provide immediate word on the condition of Carimi, a first-round draft choice out of Wisconsin who has started the first two games of his NFL career.


text: Parental Guidance By Jathan Fink September 7, 2013 2:02 PM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Category: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! More From Kicker Petition to Repeal A&P Tax Deemed Unacceptable and Will Not be on November Ballot How do I Stop Porn Related Night Terrors? [VIDEO] Best High School Movies of All Time [VIDEO] Awesome Card Trick with Willie Nelson [VIDEO] Best of the Web


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RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) - North Carolina health officials say infant mortality in the state increased for the second year in a row in 2012.
The Department of Health and Human Services released figures this week showing about 7.4 babies out of every 1,000 live births died before their first birthday in the state in 2012.
The state had a record low infant mortality rate of 7 in 2010, and it increased to 7.2 out of every 1,000 births in 2011.
The report finds babies born to African-American mothers are now twice as likely to die than babies born to white mothers.
The report also says the number of babies who died from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome dropped from 50 in 2011 to 28 in 2012.
Online: http://www.schs.state.nc.us/schs/deaths/ims/2012/
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
3221 South Evans StreetGreenville N.C. 27834
Telephone: 252.355.8500
Fax: 252.355.8568
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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What She'll Need for the LookDesigner Duds
This Designer Girl won't settle for anything that isn't high end. She'll need the latest designer clothes from head to toe. This year's designer must haves are:
- Premium Jeans
- High-End Designer Kids' Clothing
- Edgy Kids' Fashion Items
- Clothes from the Coolest Girls' Fashion Lines
- European Kids' Clothing
- Age-Appropriate Handbag
- Juicy Couture Casual and Lounge Wear
- Designer Footwear
- Designer Kids' Tees
Choosing AccessoriesAdd some bling to her designer outfit with a few well-chose accessories. Some suggestions are:
- Hair bows, bands, elastics
- Matching Handbags or Backpacks
- Backpacks and Handbags
- Hats
- Charm Bracelets
- Fun Socks
Choosing FootwearThe Designer Girl must have designer footwear. Some of the most in-demand designer footwear for girls are from companies like:
Shopping for the Designer Girl Look
- Nordstrom.com
Nordstrom has some of the hottest names in kiddie brand name wear like Biscotti, Ella Moss Girls', Juicy Couture, Paul Frank, Diesel, 7 for All Mankind, Lacoste, Rock & Republic, Ralph Lauren and more.
- Macy's
Macy's stocks a wide assortment of brand names such as Tommy Hilfiger, Polo Ralph Lauren, JLO Girls and Guess?.
- Lifesizekids.com
Lifesize is the online version of the LA superstore Fred Segal. There you will find the absolute hottest names in kids' fashion like; True Religion, Juicy Couture, Antik Denim, James Perse, Kingsley, and more and more and so much more!
- Ebay
Ebay is full of high end wear for kids. Keep your eye open and you might find a great bargain or two, especially if you don't mind purchasing preloved goodies.


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Eminem has released some great albums and a few stinkers over the course of his career. Here's an annotated list of Eminem's albums.
Eminem - 'Infinite' (1996)
Before the Dr. Dre hits and the Grammy awards, Eminem was just another raw talent with a pipe dream. Infinite captured the Detroit rapper in his essence: hungry, focused, raw. Infinite surely gave Em a launching pad to show and prove.
Top Tracks: "Infinite," "313," "Never Far"
'The Slim Shady LP' (1999)
A white MC from Detroit? Unflinching paeans to drugs and violence? The task before Eminem seemed illogical at first, but he turned trials into trophies within one year of arriving on the mainstream scene. Complaints about his "evil" music failed to stifle the album's success, as The Slim Shady LP went on to sell over 5 million copies. We have this manic slice of dysfunction to thank for most of Eminem's best songs.
Top Tracks: "Role Model," "Guilty Conscience"
'Marshal Mathers LP' (2000)
A year after he made a big splash in the industry, Eminem returned with yet another masterpiece in The Marshall Mathers LP. Em's sophomore effort helped cement his status as one of the most exciting artists of the new millennium.
Top Tracks: "The Way I Am," "Stan"
'The Eminem Show' (2002)
By the time The Eminem Show arrived, Em was now splitting time between the recording booth and the boards. Despite this newfound penchant for beatmaking, this album showed very little dropoff in the lyrics department. Em continued his tradition of throwing darts at detractors, this time taking on Canibus on "Square Dance" and Jermaine Dupri on "Say What You Say."
Top Tracks: "White America," "Till I Collapse"
'Encore' (2004)
While Encore generated applause for its political candidness on one hand, Eminem drew criticism for imbuing that album with his increasingly cartoonish lyrics on the other. Even though it spawned gems like the plodding political punch, "Mosh," and the introspective "Yellow Brick Road," it was still considered a disappointment by Eminem's standards.
Top Tracks: "Mosh," "Yellow Brick Road"
'Eminem Presents The Re-Up' (2006)
This is the one most Eminem fans would love to forget. On The Re-Up, Eminem surrounded himself with the budding talent on his Shady Records roster. But the artists are soon relegated to watchdogs, and then, proxies -- trying to do what Eminem cannot: appear in control. Eminem experiments with emo-rap for most of the album, screaming and scrambling lyrics with unfounded verve and precise lunacy.
Eminem - 'Relapse' (2009)
Eminem finally lifted his 5-year moratorium on solo albums with the release of Relapse. Eminem's narratives are too familiar, but his method of delivering them has evolved. There are fake accents, unique rhyme sequences and vocal cadences here ("Soon as the flow starts, I compose art like the ghost of Mozart").
Top Tracks: "Deja Vu," "Medicine Ball"
Eminem - 'Recovery' (2010)
Recovery is unlike any of Eminem's previous studio albums. Lacking the skits, traditional guests, and goofball lead singles that characterized The Slim Shady LP through Relapse, Recovery is Eminem coming to terms with his own legacy, shedding the tired formulas that marked his previous albums and attempting to reassert his place in the pantheon of the hip-hop elite.
Top Tracks: "Not Afraid," "No Love"


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OK, it's actually located in Allen, but with all the towns along Central Expressway, it can be hard to differentiate. I recently stopped by the newly opened Super Target in the brand-spanking-new Village at Allen development (just across the road from Allen Premium Outlets) and was thrilled to see a "coming soon" sign for Yogilicious. I checked their web site and—yep!—the nothern outpost will be opening May 14.
2 comments on "Yogilicious Opening in Far, Far, Far North Dallas"
fyi there is also a yogilicious "coming soon" sign in one of the shops below the village on the green apartments in not quite so far north dallas (galleria area)…right across the parking lot from go fish and a stone's throw from maximos.
i myself can't wait until it opens..i love me some fro-yo
Yogilicious and Berry Berry, if you're reading this…first one to Oak Cliff gets all my several times a week frozen yogurt business (and I get the large with multiple toppings)!


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As the Panthers finish this season it pains me to be looking forward to next season already. It is what it is though. With the end of the season approaching there are three things that I'd love to see from Big Cat, Hurney, and BAMF moving on.
1. Do everything to keep Chud with the Panthers. Everyone sees what he has done in Carolina and he may be in line for a Head Coaching position somewhere else. I hope he stays in Carolina for good. He could be our offensive version of Dick Lebeau from the Steelers. A coordinator that is worthy of higher position but chooses to stay for the love of the team. The Panthers turnaround on offensive is directly tied to him. He has done an amazing job rebuilding our passing game, mentoring our new franchise QB, and even developing our young receiving core while keeping Smitty happy.
2. Keep taking chances on high risk high reward players. I don't necessarily mean drafting projects like AE, but elite talents that must be coached and guided. These risks have worked out for us before and the rookie pay scale lessens the financial burden or taking risks in the draft. I know this sounds contrary to Hurney's style but look at players like:
Shockey (injuries): working out well
Newton (NCAA scandal + icon comments): will be the reason we win a super bowl
Beason (questionable character out of college + brief holdout): heart and soul of our defense
Smitty (keeping him around w/ attitude issues). most explosive player in team history
3. Use free agency wisely. Under Fox/ Hurney regime free agency was either use ineffectively or not at all. This has to change and it looks like BAMF/ Hurney are already understanding that. We have many new faces and have brought in Olsen/ Shockey combo to immediately make a weak position a strength. If they can manage to use free agency this off season as effectively as they did last off season then we have room in the draft to to do different things than drafting needs every pick. We are young and building through the draft I know, but young PROVEN talent is available in free agency!
So what do you all think? What would you have Big Cat, Hurney, & BAMF focus on in the future?
Thanks for your time. Hope you enjoyed the post. This is my 1st. I've been a CSR follower for years but I'm just now getting active with sharing my opinions. follow me on twitter @ugklod


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This is my first post here and as a big fan of the Miami Heat, I feel really excited to be given the opportunity to post for my favorite team in the NBA. Unlike maybe some who became only a Heat fan since the Big Three was borne, I've been a fan of the Heat since the Alonzo Mourning - Tim Hardaway days and I must say, even if I was also a big fan of the Bulls during that era, I'm more of a Heat fan than a Bulls fan. I liked the way the Heat played then and I'm even liking it more the way they play now.
But as the title suggests, I'm here to express my views about probably one of the most dominating players to play the game, LeBron James. I've always admired how LeBron plays the game. He's just dominating. He can dictate the flow of the game in many facets and the guy is just awesome. Sometimes you can't even help but wonder how this guy is able to perform in such a high level every single night. But then of course, like every "hero", LeBron, too, had his weaknesses, and it was none more apparent than his showing in last year's NBA finals against the Mavericks where he seemingly just disappeared. Apparently, LeBron didn't have the same mettle as that of Michael Jordan and, well, Kobe Bryant. According to some pundits (and haters), LeBron is a coward, choosing to defer when it counted the most. I must admit, after the Heat lost last year's, I tweeted him and called him a failure. I don't know if he received it or if he even took notice, but I did and later on, I realized I was wrong. How could I have judged the guy right away when in the Boston and Chicago series', he was just fantastic?
And now comes this season. According to ESPN.com, LeBron's been averaging 27.6 ppg, 8.4 caroms per game and 6.8 dimes. And the guy is one of the more efficient players in the league. He has a PER of 32.90, which is number 1 in the league this season. The guy has been a beast if you ask me and yet, people refer to him as a coward.
But I see where the haters are coming at. The finals game against the Mavs where they lost still cloud their minds. LeBron's botched pass to a teammate (was it D-Wade) in the All-Star game and his pass to Udonis Haslem which led to a miss, all contribute to the misconception that LeBron isn't in the same class as Jordan and Bryant. But have we asked ourselves, did LeBron really wanted to be like MJ or Kobe? As it is, he doesn't because he's averaging quite nicely in the assists department and as we all know, MJ or Kobe weren't really known for their being unselfish. The mere fact that LeBron chose to team up with 2 other Superstars in Bosh and Wade just says that he doesn't really care much about being the heir apparent to Jordan or Kobe. Heck if you ask me, I think he'd rather be like Magic Johnson. And wasn't that what he was being viewed when he was a rookie in 2003, the next Magic Johnson? His unselfishness has been misconstrued to cowardice and frankly I really don't know why.
Earlier today, the Los Angeles Lakers lost to the lowly Washington Wizards. Kobe had 30 points but in the 4th quarter, he only shot 1 out of 10. I've been reading the fans comments and I wondered why people even revere someone who'd hog the ball instead of share it against someone who'd rather share it?? Great as Kobe is, he can't win the game alone. That's why there are 5 of them playing in the court together. Yet after throwing bricks, Kobe is still regarded as the best clutch player of his generation? Give me a break! And how about Jordan? Didn't Jordan defer to John Paxson and Steve Kerr before? Was Jordan a coward then?
My point is, so much has been said about LeBron. Yes, he could be an egotistic prick off the court but on the court, when he's playing as well as anybody is, give the guy a break. The guy is doing everything for his team and still he doesn't get recognized for what he's done. Bottomline is, the Heat's trio of LeBron, Wade and Bosh know how to play the game correctly and that is through teamwork. If the people would always insist on and crave for hero basketball then you're teaching kids the wrong lesson. Basketball is a team sport and no matter how talented one player is, he still needs his teammates to win. That is what LeBron is trying to show us. No matter how good he is, he is still just one player and one player can't win it all for his team.
There's nothing wrong with being unselfish. What's wrong is to be ballhog and be praised for it. So which would you rather be? The unselfish one who wins or the ballhog who loses? Hmmm.


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California's Sonoma Wine Country is the perfect place for your next retreat, conference, meeting or convention.
Located just an hour north of San Francisco and adjacent to Napa Valley, Sonoma County provides meeting venues from vineyards and resorts to meeting rooms in hotels to quiet retreats overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
More than just a Meeting Place: Sonoma County is the ideal destination for meeting professionals and others who are looking for unique and memorable venues.
With Sonoma County Tourism's Cash Incentive Program, group programs may receive up to $4,000 for the master bill, when booking their first business in Sonoma County. Please contact us today to use Sonoma County Tourism's services to send your RFP to qualified properties.
Ready ...
Interested in hosting a meeting in Sonoma County?
Please contact one of our sales team at 800-576-6662, firstname.lastname@example.com, or complete the online Meeting RFP. Don't forget to ask about our Cash Incentive Program!
Set ...
Resorts in quiet country settings, properties surrounded by vineyards, quaint inns on the Pacific coast. With thousands of full and limited-service rooms with flexible meeting sites that encourage creativity and team building, you'll find exactly what you're looking for. Let us assist you in planning an unforgettable and successful meeting. Check out our Event Venues.
If you are looking to book your next meeting, our staff will assist as the liaison between you and the services of Sonoma County to help build attendance and ensure a successful meeting. Winery visits, partner programs, and off-site activities are some of the services we provide. See our Meeting Venues (pdf)
Don't take our word for it - see what other meeting professionals say about the personal service from Sonoma County Tourism and our award-winning wine country meetings team:
"Sonoma County Tourism saved me time and energy in being my lead voice to the hotels in the county that fit our needs, and got us to this fabulous destination." - Celeste M. Powers, CAE
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SPRAT Profile
In addition, proponents and land managers should refer to the Recovery Plan (where available) or the Conservation Advice (where available) for recovery, mitigation and conservation information.
|EPBC Act Listing Status
|Listed as Extinct
|Adopted/Made Recovery Plans
Federal Register of
Legislative Instruments
Declaration under s178, s181, and s183 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - List of threatened species, List of threatened ecological communities and List of threatening processes (Commonwealth of Australia, 2000) [Legislative Instrument].
|State Listing Status
|Scientific name
|Monogramma dareicarpa [24618]
|Species author
|Infraspecies author
|Species Filicum 5 (1864) 121, t. 288A.
|Distribution map
|Species Distribution Map not available for this taxon.
|Google Images
Flora of Australia 48: 291 (1998).
Scientific name: Monogramma dareicarpa
Common name: Grass Fern
The Grass Fern was among the smallest of all ferns. The rhizome (horizontal underground stem) was creeping, slender and sparsely branched, forming a mat. It lacked hairy roots and was densely covered in shiny scales (Jones 1998b).
The fronds (fern leaves) could be spaced or crowded. The leaf surface was narrow, either oblong-lance-shaped, spoon-shaped or sickle-shaped, between 15 cm long and 12 mm wide. Leaves were bright green, leathery and smooth. The leaf veins, which consisted of a mid-vein with or without lateral veins, were not prominent (Jones 1998b).
The narrow, pocket-shaped spore capsules were 410 mm in length and located in a groove close to the mid-vein towards the leaf tip. As the spores matured, the protective flap-like covering separated from the leaf surface. The species had numerous leaf hairs among the spore capsules (Jones 1998b).
The Grass Fern was recorded from Mt Bellenden Ker in North Queensland, but confirmatory specimens are lacking despite several searches of the locality (Jones 1998b).
The Grass Fern is also known from the Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea (Jones 1998b).
The Grass Fern was recorded growing among moss on tree trunks in rainforest in the Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea (Jones 1998b). No details of its habitat in Queensland were recorded.
As a member of the fern family the Grass Fern did not possess flowers, but reproduced by means of spores (Jones 1998b). The timing of spore release is unknown.
The reasons for the decline and extinction of the Grass Fern in northern Queensland are unknown.
The following table lists known and perceived threats to this species. Threats are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) threat classification version 1.1.
|Threat Class
|Threatening Species
|Uncategorised:Uncategorised:threats not specified
|Monogramma dareicarpa in Species Profile and Threats (SPRAT) database (Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2006qp) [Internet].
Jones, D.L. (1998b). Vittariaceae. In: Flora of Australia. 48:288-295. Melbourne, Victoria: ABRS and CSIRO.
EPBC Act email updates can be received via the Communities for Communities newsletter and the EPBC Act newsletter.
This database is designed to provide statutory, biological and ecological information on species and ecological communities, migratory species, marine species, and species and species products subject to international trade and commercial use protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (the EPBC Act). It has been compiled from a range of sources including listing advice, recovery plans, published literature and individual experts. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information, no guarantee is given, nor responsibility taken, by the Commonwealth for its accuracy, currency or completeness. The Commonwealth does not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this database. The information contained in this database does not necessarily represent the views of the Commonwealth. This database is not intended to be a complete source of information on the matters it deals with. Individuals and organisations should consider all the available information, including that available from other sources, in deciding whether there is a need to make a referral or apply for a permit or exemption under the EPBC Act.
Citation: Department of the Environment (2014). Monogramma dareicarpa in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat. Accessed Tue, 2 Sep 2014 17:31:33 +1000.


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