text:
Should we be 'nervous' about coeliac disease? Brain abnormalities in patients with coeliac disease referred for neurological opinion
- Stuart Currie1,
- Marios Hadjivassiliou2,
- Matthew JR Clark1,
- David S Sanders3,
- Iain D Wilkinson1,
- Paul D Griffiths1,
- Nigel Hoggard1
- 1Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
- 2Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
- 3Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
- Correspondence to Dr M Hadjivassiliou, Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; m.hadjivassiliou{at}sheffield.ac.uk
Contributors Study design: SC, MH and NH. Patient recruitment and data collection: SC, MH, DS and NH. Data analysis and interpretation: SC, MC, IW and NH. Manuscript drafting: SC, MH, PDG, DS, IG and NH. Manuscript revision: SC, MH, NH.
- Received 21 May 2012
- Revised 27 July 2012
- Accepted 31 July 2012
- Published Online First 20 August 2012
Objectives To examine the extent of brain abnormality in patients with coeliac disease referred for neurological opinion and evaluate MR imaging sequences as biomarkers for neurological dysfunction, given the lack of readily available serological markers of neurological disease in this cohort.
Methods Retrospective examination of a consecutive cohort of patients (n=33, mean age=44±13 years (range 19–64)) with biopsy proven coeliac disease referred for neurological opinion. Patients were divided into subgroups based on their primary neurological complaint (balance disturbance, headache and sensory loss). 3T MR was used to evaluate differences in brain grey matter density, cerebellar volume, cerebellar neurochemistry and white matter abnormalities (WMAs) between subjects and controls.
Results Cerebellar volume was significantly less in the patient group than in controls (6.9±0.7% vs 7.4±0.9% of total intracranial volume, p<0.05). Significantly less grey matter density was found in multiple brain regions, both above and below the tentorium cerebelli, than in controls (p<0.05). 12 (36%) patients demonstrated WMAs unexpected for the patient's age, with the highest incidence occurring in the headache subgroup. This subgroup averaged almost twice the number of WMAs per MR imaging than the subgroup with balance disturbance and six times more than the subgroup with sensory loss.
Conclusion Patients with established coeliac disease referred for neurological opinion show significant brain abnormality on MR imaging. MR imaging may provide valuable biomarkers of disease in this patient cohort.
- Cerebellar ataxia
- neuroimmunology
- neuroradiology
- cerebellar degeneration
- b12 deficiency
- cerebellar degeneration
- cerebellar disease
In 1966, Cooke and Smith published the first comprehensive report of neurological manifestations associated with histologically confirmed coeliac disease.1 Detailed post mortem data showed an inflammatory process that primarily, but not exclusively, affected the cerebellum. Since then, numerous publications (mainly single and multiple case studies) have reported on patients with established coeliac disease who then developed neurological dysfunction.
The key findings from these reports were that ataxia (with and without myoclonus) and neuropathy were the most common manifestations.2
Evidence suggests a range of 10–22.5% for the prevalence of neurological dysfunction in patients with established coeliac disease.3 ,4 Given that coeliac disease has a prevalence of 1% of the population,5 the health and economic burden arising as a consequence of neurological dysfunction is potentially substantial. Characterisation of brain abnormality in these patients is fundamental to understanding the pattern and extent of disease. There is the additional need for reproducible biomarkers as there is no readily available specific serological indicator for neurological dysfunction in this cohort.
Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy provides an insight into the underlying chemical environment of a particular brain region. T2-weighted imaging allows assessment of white matter abnormalities (WMAs) and three-dimensional T1-weighted datasets can be used to evaluate atrophy.
This study evaluated retrospectively the MR features of a consecutive cohort of patients with biopsy proven coeliac disease who were referred for neurological opinion. Brain grey matter volume, cerebellar volume, cerebral WMAs and cerebellar MR spectroscopy data of patients were compared with data of age- and sex-matched controls. The data suggest that patients with established coeliac disease referred for neurological opinion have substantial structural and functional brain deficit.
Subjects and controls
A retrospective examination of a consecutive cohort of patients with biopsy proven coeliac disease who were referred for a neurological opinion at a neurology outpatients clinic, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK and had undergone subsequent MR imaging of the brain as part of their routine clinical care was undertaken. Patients with poor quality cerebellar MR spectra were excluded. Decision about the quality of cerebellar spectroscopy was made by consensus between two of the researchers (NH/SC) and was based on previously published criteria.6 Briefly, this comprised assessment of signal-to-noise ratio, peak shape and separation of choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr) peaks. The clinical notes of all subjects were reviewed and subjects were subdivided into groups according to their referred neurological complaint.
Age- and sex-matched controls were recruited by email dispatched throughout Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. All controls underwent a thorough screening health questionnaire to ensure that they had no present or past medical illness and drug treatment. Particular emphasis was placed on questions attempting to establish whether controls had concurrent cerebellar symptoms. All controls and subjects underwent the same imaging protocol.
The study was approved by the local regional ethics committee and all participants gave their written informed consent before inclusion in compliance with the Code of Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki).
Outcome measures
Outcome measures comprised: (1) cerebellar volume expressed as a percentage of total intracranial volume (%CV:TV); (2) N-acetyl aspartate to Cr (NAA/Cr) and Cho to Cr (Cho/Cr) ratios in the cerebellar vermis and hemisphere and; (3) the presence of cerebral T2-weighted WMAs. In each case subjects' data were compared with control data. Voxel-based morphometry was also conducted to look for differences in grey matter density between subject and control groups.
Imaging protocol
Scanning was performed at the Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield using a 3T system (Philips ACHIEVA 3·0T Best, Netherlands) with an eight-channel receive-only array head coil. The imaging protocol comprised structural and spectroscopic sequences as follows.
Structural MR imaging
High-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted MR imaging scans were acquired using a magnetisation-prepared rapid gradient echo sequence (TR=11 ms, TE=4.8 ms, flip angle =8°, field of view = 256×205×150 mm, voxel dimension =0·8 mm isotropic, acquisition time =5 min 32 s). Axial T2-weighted images were acquired using a turbo spin echo sequence (TR=3000 ms, TE=80 ms; echo train length =14; 1 NSA, scan time 4 min 12 s).
1H-MR spectroscopy
A point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (TR=2000 ms, TE=144 ms; 128 measurements; 1024 spectral points; spectral bandwidth 2000 Hz) acquired data at two voxel positions. Each voxel comprised a parallelepiped of 2.0×1.0×2.0 cm3 (4 ml) placed over the superior cerebellar vermis and the deep cerebellar white matter of the right cerebellar hemisphere. Care was taken to avoid inclusion of cerebrospinal fluid spaces within the volume of interest. After automatic higher-order shimming, water suppression was achieved using a chemical shift selective imaging pulse technique. Postprocessing of the spectra involved the following steps: zero filling, Gaussian filtering, exponential multiplication, Fourier transform and manual phase correction with baseline subtraction. Results were calculated as the areas under the relevant fits to the resonances, relative to that of Cr, using the MR system manufacturer's proprietary software.
Structural imaging analysis
Whole brain and cerebellar volume analysis
Brain tissue volume, normalised for subject head size, was estimated with structural image evaluation, using normalisation, of an atrophy cross-sectional method.7 Cerebellar volume was calculated using an integrated registration and segmentation tool.8 Both structural image evaluation, using normalisation, of atrophy cross-sectional method and integrated registration and segmentation tool are tools of FSL.9 To allow for variation in head size cerebellar volume was expressed as a percentage of total intracranial volume (%CV:TV).
Voxel-based morphometry
Structural data were analysed with FSL-VBM, a voxel-based morphometry style analysis10 ,11 carried out with FSL tools.9 First, structural images were brain-extracted using a brain extraction tool (BET).12 Next, tissue-type segmentation was carried out using FAST4.13 The resulting grey matter partial volume images were then aligned to MNI152 standard space using the affine registration tool FLIRT,14 followed optionally by non-linear registration using FNIRT15 ,16 which uses a b-spline representation of the registration warp field.17 The resulting images were averaged to create a study-specific template, to which the native grey matter images were then non-linearly re-registered. The registered partial volume images were then modulated (to correct for local expansion or contraction) by dividing by the Jacobian of the warp field. Finally, the modulated segmented images were then smoothed with an isotropic Gaussian kernel with a sigma of 3 mm.
White matter abnormalities
Images were reviewed by two neuroradiologists (NH/SC). Hyperintense signals on T2-weighted imaging were characterised by number, location and appearance using a modified approach of methods previously published.18 Briefly, location constituted the predominant distribution of the abnormality within white matter—that is, subcortical, periventricular or deep white matter. Appearance was classified on a scale of punctate to early confluent to confluent. The number of WMAs was recorded. We disregarded ventricular capping, as this in our view is a normal variant.
Statistical analysis
Any difference in mean %CV:TV between subjects and controls was assessed using an independent-samples Mann–Whitney U test (SPSS software (SPSS, Inc.)). This method was also applied to examine any statistical differences in mean NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios of the cerebellar hemisphere and vermis between subjects and controls. To investigate grey matter density changes, we used permutation-based non-parametric inference within the framework of the general linear model (5000 permutations).19 Results were considered significant for p<0.05, fully corrected for multiple comparisons.
Forty consecutive patients with coeliac disease were referred for a neurological opinion from their gastroenterologist between January 2009 and March 2011. Three patients were excluded, as small bowel biopsy diagnosis of coeliac disease could not be confirmed. Four patients were excluded owing to poor MR spectroscopy data, leaving 33 eligible patients (mean age at time of MR imaging 44±13 years (range 19–64), M:F =10:23).
All 33 subjects had duodenal biopsy proven coeliac disease ranging from Marsh 3a to Marsh 3c. All subjects were reviewed by the same experienced consultant neurologist (MH). None of the subjects took medication known to affect cerebellar structure or function. Three (9%) subjects had type I diabetes mellitus. Six (18%) subjects smoked cigarettes; the remaining 27 (82%) were non-smokers. No subject was an ex-smoker. Nineteen (58%) subjects reported alcohol abstinence; the rest were documented as drinking within recommended daily limits.20 Median time from diagnosis of coeliac disease to MR imaging was 2.1 years (range 0.1–13.2). Median time from onset of neurology symptomatology to MR imaging was 1.6 years (range 0.4–19.0).
Patients with coeliac disease had three main types of neurological complaint: (1) balance disturbance; (2) headache and (3) sensory loss. Balance disturbance comprised gait ataxia with patients having difficulty tandem walking and standing on one leg in turn during clinical examination. Five (25%) patients with balance disturbance also demonstrated gazed-evoked nystagmus. No patient in this category had myoclonus, palatal tremor, opsoclonus, chorea or symptoms suggestive of vestibular disturbance. Headaches were episodic and occasionally resembled migraine, and sensory loss constituted mainly lower limb peripheral sensory neuropathy. Subject demographics for the subgroups are shown in table 1.
Controls comprised 33 age- and sex-matched individuals (mean age 44 ± 13 years (range 19–64), M:F = 10:23). None of the controls smoked cigarettes. All controls reported either abstinence from alcohol (n=10) or drinking alcohol within recommended daily limits (n=23).20
Cerebellar volume and voxel-based morphometry
Patients had significantly smaller cerebellar volume than age- and sex-matched controls (6.9±0.7 vs 7.4±0·9, respectively, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9; p<0·05). When divided into presentation group, only patients in the balance disturbance subgroup had statistically significant smaller cerebellar volume than the age- and sex-matched controls (6.9±0.7 vs 7.4±0.8, respectively, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.0; p<0.05, (%CV:TV headache p>0.1; sensory loss p>0.05).
VBM showed that the patient group had statistically significant reduction in the volume of grey matter in both superior cerebellar hemispheres and multiple supratentorial cortical and subcortical regions in comparison with age- and sex-matched controls (figures 1 and 2).
White matter abnormalities
None of the controls had WMAs. Conversely, 12/33 (36%) subjects had WMAs (figure 3). The prevalence of WMAs was greatest in the headache subgroup. This category also demonstrated the greatest number of WMAs per scan (table 2).
Only one subject with WMAs was a smoker. This was a 60-year-old woman in the headache subgroup who had 14 WMAs and who also had type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. No other subject with WMAs had diabetes. Two subjects of the balance disturbance subgroup with WMAs were recorded as having hypertension (both women, aged 64 and 51, who had 10 and 18 WMAs, respectively). Fifty per cent of patients with WMAs in the balance disturbance and headache subgroups and 100% of the sensory loss subgroup reported abstinence from alcohol. Overall, seven subjects with WMAs (58%) had no history of smoking, diabetes or hypertension (mean age 51±9.0, mean WMAs per scan 9±8). The remaining five subjects had at least one of the three aforementioned vascular risk factors (mean age 57±7, mean number of WMAs per scan 17±11).
MR spectroscopy
No statistically significant differences were found between subjects and controls with respect to the NAA/Cr ratio of the cerebellar vermis (0.97±0.09 vs 0.97±0.08, respectively; 95% CI −0.05 to ±0.06, p>0.05) or right cerebellar hemisphere (1.05±0.14 vs 1.00±0.95, respectively; 95% CI −0.13 to ±0.01, p>0.1). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were found between subjects and controls with respect to the Cho/Cr ratio of the cerebellar vermis (0.79±0.07 vs 0.83±0.10, respectively; 95% CI −0.02±0.10, p>0.1) or right cerebellar hemisphere (0.83±0.17 vs 0.76±0.08, respectively; 95% CI −0·07±0.04, p>0.05). Even when subjects were divided into clinical subgroups and compared with age- and sex-matched controls no statistical significance could be found. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated when compliance with gluten-free diet was taken into account.
Compliance with a gluten-free diet
Twenty-two subjects (67%) were compliant with a gluten-free diet at the time of MR imaging according to negative serology for antigliadin antibodies, endomysial antibodies and tissue transglutaminase 2. Median time from serological antibody testing to MR imaging was 40 days (range 6–671). There was a tendency (at least in those patients presenting with cerebral manifestations (ie, balance disturbance and headaches)) for an increase in the incidence of WMAs in patients who were non-compliant with a gluten-free diet compared with those patients who were compliant (table 3).
Comparing those patients who were compliant with a gluten free-diet with those who were not showed no statistically significant differences in %CV:TV in any of the three subgroups.
This study was primarily designed to examine the brain MR imaging features of patients with established coeliac disease who also have neurological complaints. It also intended to evaluate MR imaging sequences as biomarkers for neurological dysfunction. We particularly targeted the cerebellum as abnormalities in this region have been reported previously in patients with coeliac disease.1
Results from this study show that patients with coeliac disease and neurological complaints have significant cerebral and cerebellar abnormalities in comparison with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Especially, when compared with the control cohort this group of patients with coeliac disease and neurological complaints has significantly smaller cerebellar volume and has significantly reduced grey matter volume in multiple brain regions, including the cerebellum. Patients also demonstrated a high proportion of cerebral WMAs that were not present in the control group.
Our finding of cerebellar atrophy in the patient group concurs with previous autopsy reports that have shown selective loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex of patients with coeliac disease and neurological complaints,1 and also shows functional and clinical correlation in that the vast majority of patients complained of balance disturbance. The mechanisms underlying Purkinje cell loss in relation to gluten sensitivity are yet to be fully elucidated. However, current theory tends towards an immune-mediated cellular destruction, which may involve transglutaminase autoantibodies.21
Other areas of the brain including the gyrus rectus and anterior cingulate gyrus also showed significant grey matter loss in the subject group. Abnormalities in these regions have been shown to be associated with executive and psychomotor symptoms,22 and grey matter loss in these areas was found in patients with depression.23 Although this study did not evaluate depression in the patient group, previous studies have shown increased risk of depression in patients with coeliac disease albeit, without assessing grey matter volume loss.24 ,25 Depression has often been attributed to difficulties adjusting to the chronic nature of the disease rather than any structural abnormality.26 Speculatively, gluten-mediated atrophy of the rectus gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus (akin to cerebellar injury) seems an attractive explanation for depression in patients with coeliac disease, particularly as evidence suggests that patients are only affected if they are non-compliant with the gluten-free diet.27 Future research evaluating a possible causal link between atrophy of these areas and depression in patients with coeliac disease would seem appropriate. Similarly, future neuropsychiatric studies analysing the modulation of conscious processes, internally guided attention, manipulation of mental images and internal self-representation (roles linked to the precuneus and its connections28) may provide important insight into possible subclinical dysfunction in patients with coeliac disease.
This study is in agreement with previous published reports and suggests that WMAs are common among patients with coeliac disease and neurological dysfunction, especially in those who complain of headaches.29
The aetiology of WMAs in coeliac disease is unknown, although previous autopsy reports have suggested the possibility of an immune-mediated vasculitis.30 ,31 The lack of white matter disease in the control group and the presence of WMAs in subjects who appeared to have no known vascular risk factors imply a possible causal link between gluten sensitivity and WMAs rather than the two being an epiphenomenon. The authors appreciate, however, that an exhaustive evaluation of vascular risk factors for the subjects was not performed and the study is liable to recall bias. Nevertheless, the presence of at least one factor (from smoking, diabetes and hypertension) appeared to double the load of WMAs (9±8 to 17±11) in the patient group and thus, it may be of clinical benefit to ensure regular review of modifiable vascular risk factors in patients with coeliac disease.
The consequences of WMAs in patients with coeliac disease are also unclear. It has been shown that the risks of rapid decline in independence for activities of daily living in an elderly population are two- or threefold higher for those with severe WMAs.32 Given the relatively high prevalence of coeliac disease and that the mean age of patients with WMAs in this study was only 54±8 years, any association with increased risk of WMAs may have considerable social and economic impact as those patients age, particularly as evidence suggests that a gluten-free diet does not reverse the white matter changes.29
To our knowledge, there has been only one other published report of cerebellar MR spectroscopy in relation to coeliac disease.33 This comprised a single case report of a 38-year-old man with biopsy proven coeliac disease who developed ataxia, with MR imaging showing several enhancing cerebellar lesions, thought to be due to an unconfirmed inflammatory process. MR spectroscopy of the right hemispheric white matter showed an abnormally low NAA/Cr ratio, which was attributed to neuronal impairment. Our study failed to find statistical significance in MR spectroscopy data between patients with established coeliac disease and healthy volunteers. The patient group had been receiving a gluten-free diet for an average of over 2 years and in some cases for as long as 13 years. A gluten-free diet might have normalised any pre-existing cerebellar neurochemistry, as has been previously reported.34 However, confirmation of such an assumption cannot be made owing to a lack of longitudinal data. Nonetheless, the presence of significant brain abnormalities on MR imaging even in this cohort of patients receiving dietary treatment suggests that permanent neurological dysfunction may be seen even in those patients who adhere to the diet. A similar finding has been observed for the peripheral nervous system, in that 23% of patients with established coeliac disease had evidence of peripheral neuropathy.35
This study is mainly descriptive and has limitations, including a relatively small cohort size and the acquisition of data retrospectively. Patients were taken from a tertiary specialty clinic, introducing the possibility of referral bias. Apart from alcohol and smoking status, vascular risk factors were not analysed in both the control and subject groups. Parameters such as body mass index, blood pressure, exercise tolerance and serum lipid levels would be of particular relevance to further qualify the nature of WMAs in patients with coeliac disease. Although a thorough screening questionnaire was completed for each control, individual clinical examinations were not carried out.
In summary, our findings demonstrate that patients with coeliac disease referred for neurological opinion have significant abnormalities on MR imaging of the brain and especially the cerebellum. The extent and pattern of grey matter loss in patients with coeliac disease receiving a gluten-free diet compared with controls raises important questions about possible subclinical neurological disease in these patients and the need for early diagnosis and treatment with a strict gluten-free diet. Future prospective studies on patients with newly diagnosed coeliac disease may add further information about any neuroprotective affects conferred by a gluten-free diet.
Competing interests None.
Ethics approval Ethics approval was provided by National Research Ethics Service Committee Yorkshire and the Humber, Leeds East.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement Unpublished data is kept anonymised and secure within the Academic Unit of Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. It is available to members of the research team.


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To grow local musicians for the future, the Studio offers some unique opportunities:
- The Early Music Schools Initiative (click to download pdf flyer) is a series of musical presentations offered to local area schools
- The Early Music Studio Mentorship Program is offered a to advanced-level young performers living and attending school in the Greater Saint John area who wish to develop their skills in Early Music performance. Upon the recommendation of their music teacher, these students are invited to attend the Early Music Studio workshops, where they work with the professional participants in the Early Music Studio to prepare repertoire leading to performance in one of the Studio's concerts. The mentorship program also includes a partnership with the New Brunswick Competitive Festival of Music whereby young performers competing in the intermediate and senior festivals who live and attend school in the Greater Saint John area receive a prize for the best performance of a work by a composer born between 1500 and 1760 in vocal, instrumental and keyboard categories. In addition, they are invited to attend Studio workshops and to perform in a special Studio concert of young musicians. Winners also receive free studio time that has been donated by Lancaster Recording Studios to record a 20-minute demo CD for use when applying to further their studies.
2014 Early Music Prize Winners:
- Claire Dingee, soprano
- Danny Han, piano
- Sergei Roy, flute
- Elizabeth Trecartin, violin
High school student Jillian Sauerteig in practice with the Early Music Studio.
Click here for a message from the Director.
Download the Early Music Schools Initiative flyer (pdf)
The cornerstone of the Early Music Studio is a series of free workshops for professional musicians and local music students. The workshop attendees discuss issues related to the interpretation of Early Music and develop their skills in Early Music performance. The product of this collaboration is a series of concerts throughout the year by members of the Early Music Studio.
Download the Early Music Studio Programs flyer (pdf)
Members of the Studio hard at play!
Recorder player Tim Blackmore and bassoonist Robert Lewis in rehearsal with Richard Kidd, who is playing an Italian-style harpsichord built by local artisan Andrew Graham.

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A fun, solid limestone route. There are tiny edges, jug sidepulls, hidden jugs, a deep muddy pocket, and one two-finger pocket.
Counting from the left side of BBDW this is the 4th route. It shares the starting bolt with the route to its left (Lacy Doggie Panties). After the first bolt, take the right and slightly higher of the two bolts at approximately the same level.
7 bolts and chain anchors.


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- Male, 22, 471
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video lyricsGive your cards out, you've gotta give your cards out look
how do you give your cards out?
I don't know if he's recording or not.
I am now yeah
have we got to turn around
Mike get in… don't run away from me
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you cant just jump man
go with the beat Becky!
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What you gotta go…
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look like this
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this isn't our sort of dancing, we go down!
and when you dance with a girl you dance like this look, no then you do this
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now turn around
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That how you do it
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ill record
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tell me what you think?okay so this is your chance to tell me exactly what you think of me
it doesnt have to be good and doesnt have to be bad, i want to know what you do or do not like about me what are my up sides nd wat are my down falls? tell me exactly what i mean to you. and you can also include how can i improve?
0 Comments 221 weeks
funny jokes, sayings and gagsi shouldn't swear in my house, my nan used to say "dont say god say gosh, only say god when you want to talk to him otherwise you'll distract him from helping the poor" and i used to say " thats good point nan, but put some clothes on, get out the wheel barrow"
- lee mack
actually ive got a confession to make, im drinking and driving,...fuck em, everyone says its wrong drinking and driving dont they? i can tell you 2 things that are far more than drinking and driving, 1 drinking, 2 driving. do you know how many people were killed last year as a direct result of alcohol abuse? 35 thousand. do you know how many people were killed as a direct result of driving a car? 22 thousand. do you know how many people were killed as a direct result of drinking and driving? 500 :| im not taking any fucking chances!
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jeremy clarksons a twat, i never understand what hes on about, do you? "if i said to you shit out of a tango you would probably say to me egsessive rear end flang injection and overly keen knocking valves" no i wouldnt geremy i would say "has it got a cup holder, and will it make birds touch my cock?"... "this little baby can take the knots, but she doesnt like cold winter mornings and blimey is she thirsty" "yeah well let her out the attic you freak"
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- lee mack
the best adverts are the french perfume adverts, argh they make so much sense dont they? " i see her, i want her, she is, what she is, she sees, but shes blind, she has legs, but she has no legs, she is alive, but she is dead, she is a woman, but she is a monkey, and i know that i want her, cuz she is what she is and what she is, is a blind, dead, disabled monkey, and i know that i want her, shallamore by culam" "what are you on about!!?? what does it fucking smell like!!!???!" they've got equally pretentious adverts in france, the british adverts in france are the most pretentious in the world. "i see her, on beach, shes got it, in her hand, its a pie, i love pies!, i go over, but wait its not a pie, its like a pie, but its smaller, and inside its peas, and carrots, and gravy, and mince, and i know that i want it, cuz it is, what it is, and what it is, is pasties by ginster"
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Naomii Griffin10/25/11 via Mobile
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"This is going to be one of the dirtiest campaign seasons on record on both sides. So I say hide the children and check the plumbing: You're going to need to shower several times a day." – at the Tate Student Forum
Author Archives: Kathleen Tibbetts
Santiago Calatrava, architect of the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge
"One of the enormous qualities of America is the way it welcomes people. You have welcomed us with your will and your heart. I know so many people in this community, but my mother, my alma mater, it's this university." – during a visit to Meadows Museum, site of the first large-scale Calatrava sculpture to be permanently installed in the United States


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Fan-favorite Cosmic duo are back on Guardians in April.
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A two-story, four-bedroom home located at 3644 Parthenon Way in Olympia Fields sold for $161,000. The home has 2.5 bathrooms and 2,680 square feet of living space. It was built in 1974. The home comes equipped with a full/unfinished basement and a two-car attached garage.
These properties were sold in Chicago Heights recently, according to Cook County property records.
- 24 E. 23rd St., $9,000
- 312 Coollidge St. S, $38,000
- 170 Hillcrest Ave., $33,000
- 926 MacArthur Dr., $80,000
- 1213 Peggy Ln., $27,500
- 424 Sandra Ln., $85,000
These properties were sold in Olympia Fields recently, according to Cook County property records.
- 3320 205th St., $155,000
- 20801 Oak Ln., $286,000
- 3644 Parthenon Way, $161,000
- 2424 Troy Cir., $105,000
Want to see more recently sold properties? See what sold recently in Flossmoor and Homewood.
About this column: Each week, Sold! highlights a bit of information about a recent home sale to offer some perspective on the housing market. Looking to buy, sell or rent a property? See Patch Place's Real Estate directory.


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In a news conference Wednesday, Dallas County health officials reported someone living in Richardson has become the first person to test positive for the disease in Dallas County this year. Dallas County is spraying insecticide in areas where mosquitoes have tested positive for West Nile. They sprayed in South Dallas last week. Wednesday night, crews will be spraying in Highland Park.
©2014 WFAA-TV, Inc., A Gannett Company. All Rights Reserved.
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Oak Creek - District 1 Alderman Dan Jakubczyk and District 2 Alderman Dan Bukiewicz will hold listening sessions in March.
Bukiewicz's listening session will be held at the Oak Creek Public Library, 8620 S. Howell Ave., from 6 to 8 p.m. March 4. Residents citywide are invited to come and ask the alderman about ongoing city initiatives and events.
Jakubczyk's listening session is focused more on Drexel Town Square and will be held from 9 a.m. to noon March 16 at Oak Creek City Hall, 8640 S. Howell Ave. He will provide cookies and coffee.
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- Corrections: Aug. 28, 2014 issue
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The wait is over! Download the BeerAdvocate app on iTunes or Google Play now.
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Mash Challenger IPA - Mash Brewing
Displayed for educational use only; do not reuse.
Ratings: 5 | Reviews: 4 | Display Reviews Only:
3.56/5 rDev +11.9%
Pours a brown-tinged bronze. Head off-white, nice foam. Good retention. Colour cold be brighter but nice otherwise.
Smells mildly oxidised. Touch of dark fruit and lots of malt with a touch of cardboard. Currants, sultanas. Feel it's a bit old, sadly. Nice though.
Taste is mildly what might have been hoppy. Herbal, slight earthy notes and a bit of spice. Yeah, peppery, touch of heather, gooseberry and some rocket. Still has decent piquant English hop notes, tastes herbal and pleasant. Pretty decent.
Smooth body but quite a bite. Not bad.
Decent English IPA. Not a favoured style of mine but nice malt base with good herbal hop characters.
07-18-2014 02:27:26 | More by laituegonflable
3.15/5 rDev -0.9%
330ml bottle thanks to ADZA, into a COTU snifter.
Deep golden colour, nice clarity and has a fast-falling head of white foam that does leave some lacing from it's short stay.
Smells of toffee, biscuity malt and apricot in an interesting mix. Borders on a little too perfumey. But plenty going on.
More muted taste, sweet malt and citrus and just a touch of the apricot that was ever present in the smell.
Sweet, some light bitterness, but it leaves you with a full sweetness that hurts the drinkability.
An ok english ipa, hurt by sweetness and its ability to keep hitting you hard and make to sit back after having a sip and not really rushing back for the next. Cool to try and see what's going on in Western Australia outside of Feral as it's been a few years since i've been over that way.
09-08-2013 09:01:14 | More by MrKennedy
3/5 rDev -5.7%
07-19-2013 10:30:49 | More by dansmcd
3.13/5 rDev -1.6%
Pours dark amber with a fading white head.
Nose shows herbal hops with some sweet biscuity malt underneath.
Aggressive flavours. Sharp bitterness and alcohol almost steamroll everything. Some grainy malt.
Carbonation is too high, really could be toned down.
06-26-2013 00:45:16 | More by CrazyDavros
3.08/5 rDev -3.1%
A new offering from Mash and pours a clear golden honey hue with a creamy two finger head that stays and leaves nice clingy lacing here and there.
The smell is passionfruit,honey,mulberries,peaches and marziapn.
The Taste is sherbet,boiled candy,passionfruit,peaches and cream and finished with a herbal citrus bitterness.
Mouthfeel is just under medium bodied with minimal carbonation.
Overall its average and i would not buy again cheers.
10-03-2012 12:20:54 | More by ADZA
Mash Challenger IPA from Mash Brewing
- out of 100 based on 5 ratings.


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Saturday, May 3
9 a.m.: Wyatt's Chapel Baptist Church in Buffalo hosts a Teacher's Workshop. Ms. Abba Lewis will be the instructor. She teaches in the SCE&M Congress. Rev. Elijah Ray, Pastor.
Sunday, May 4
11 a.m. and 3 p.m.: Bethany Baptist Church in Jonesille celebrates its 142nd Annual Homecoming. The morning service at 11 a.m. will be by Rev. Anthony Wilson and the afternoon service at 3 p.m. will be by Rev. Larry D. Black, pastor of Salem Zion Baptist Church of Pacolet.
Noon: Fairforest Baptist Church of Union hosts its 1st Sunday Lunch. Each plate will have one meat, three sides, dessert, and a drink. The meats are meatloaf and fried chicken. The sides are mac and cheese, squash casserole, potato salad, lima beans, green beans, and mashed potato/gravy. Carryouts are available. Call in or dine in. Call in at 427-3430.
Wednesday, May 7
5:30 p.m.: Wesley Chapel United Methodist Church holds their Poor Man's Supper. The menu will include green beans, potato salad, ham, rolls, tea. Desserts are extra. Melody Farr will be singing.
Friday, May 16-Sunday, May 18
7 p.m.: Please join us for the St. Paul Baptist Church Family and Friends Reunion Weekend. This reunion is for St. Paul church members, past and present, as well as family and friends. We have several events planned including a banquet and concert for a weekend full of fellowship and fun times. There will be a Get Acquainted Hour including dinner from 6-7 p.m. and a rehearsal by the Reunion Choir and activities for the children under adult supervision 7-9 p.m. Friday, May 16; a rehearsal by the Reunion Choir 10 a.m.-12 p.m., a luncheon from 11:30 a.m.-1 p.m. and a banquet at 6 p.m. on Saturday, May 17 and activities for the children under adult supervision; and a Worship Service at 10:45 a.m. and concert by the Reunion Choir at 3 p.m. Sunday, May 18.
Sunday, May 18
2:30 p.m.: The Senior Choir of St. Matthew A.M.E. Zion Church cordially invites you to our singing program. We look forward to having you join us in songs and praise.
Sunday, May 25
2 p.m.: The Stewards and Members of Jeter's Chapel AME Church sponsors a fashion show featuring a Parade of Women and Men's Hats and Suits. Guest speaker will be the Rev. Barbara McGlinton, Pastor of Old Hope Station Baptist Church, Blair, South Carolina. Rev. Anthony Washington, Pastor.
2:30 p.m.: McBeth Baptist Church invites you to attend a service to honor our Pastor Rev. Freddie L. Wicker, Jr., and 1st Lady on their 10th Pastoral Anniversar. The preacher for the occasion is the former pastor of Mt. Rowell Baptist Church, Rev. Kevin Russell Sheppard. The public is invited.
Saturday, May 31
11 a.m.-1 p.m.: VBS Kickoff at Padgett's Creek Baptist Church. Games and activities for kids. The kids will also get to participate in a scavenger hunt. Fun for all kids registering for Vacation Bible School.
Monday, June 2-Friday, June 6
6 p.m.-8:45 p.m.: VBS at Padgett's Creek Baptist Church. Adult classes will be available for those that are interested.
Monday, June 2-Thursday, June 5
6:30-8:30 p.m.: Friendship Baptist Church, 250 Morning Drive, Spartanburg, holds Vacation Bible School for all ages.
Sunday, June 8
3 p.m.: Beatty's Chapel will be having Family & Friends Day. The guest preacher will be Rev. Richard Ward, Pastor of Mt. Nebo of Lancaster. The public is welcome. Come out and hear God's holy word. God bless. Rev. Stephan Y. Brown, Pastor.
Sunday, June 15
11 a.m.: Friendship Baptist Church, 250 Morning Drive, Spartanburg, holds a Father's/Men's Day Celebration during morning worship with Minister Gary Spells of Monks Grove Baptist Church as the guest preacher. The public is invited. Rev. Michael A. Glenn, Pastor.
Sunday, Aug. 3
11 a.m.: Old Timey Homecoming at Padgett's Creek Baptist Church. This is in celebration of the 230th anniversary of the church. Everyone welcome.
Sunday, Nov. 2
4 p.m.: The Male Choir of Friendship Baptist Church, 250 Morning Drive, Spartanburg, presents a Fall Gospel Concert. The public is invited. Rev. Michael A. Glenn, Pastor.
Ongoing Events
The Union Moms In Prayer group meets each Tuesday morning at 10 a.m. in the Family Life Center of Bethel United Methodist Church, 1705 Lockhart Highway, Union, S.C. This is an informal gathering of moms, grandmothers, and any other interested ladies who would like to be a part of this important ministry of praying for the students, teachers, and staff of our schools. There is also opportunity, for those who wish, to ask prayer for specific individuals. All ladies are welcome to participate. For more information, call Kathleen Read at 427-2660, or e-mail her at email@example.com.
Crestview Baptist Church, 1100 Furman Fendley Highway, Union, holds Celebrate Recovery every Friday night. The meal is served at 6 p.m. and worship is at 7 p.m. For more information call 864-466-6659.
Mitchell Chapel Christian Church, 381 Kelly Road in Union, holds services at its new location, 143 Camelot Drive in Union.
The Missionary Auxiliary of the Pacolet River Baptist Association has an Emergency Food Pantry in the rear (annex) of the town hall in Jonesville. The pantry is open Friday from 9:30 a.m. to noon and other times by calling the numbers posted on the sign at the entrance of the annex. Bring identification and proof residence.
Items for Church News can be submitted to The Union Daily Times for publication via email to firstname.lastname@example.com, by fax to (864) 427-1237, by mail to Church News, PO Drawer 749, Union, S.C. 29379 or in person at our office, 100 Times Boulevard, Union, S.C. 29379. Items can include singings, special services, yard sales, revivals and other church events. Items will run on a space available basis.


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For the 13th pick of 2011 NFL, the Detroit Lions select Nate Solder, OT from Colorado University. While the Lions have many needs, the smart move here is to go with an offensive tackle. Matthew Stafford needs a LT he can rely on for years to come. They need a lineman that will be able to hold their own against the likes of Julius Peppers, Jared Allen, and the countless number of blitzers on the Packers. Standing at 6'8" and weighing 319 lbs., Solder is a force on the line. He displays good quickness has a massive wingspan and he also has the athleticism to pull around the end and pancake defenders. The Lions line needs to be rebuilt with players like Jeff Backus, Gosder Cherlius, Jason Fox, and Corey Hillard listed as tackles. The line gave up 24 sacks and were ranked 6th in the NFL in QB hits. With a dynamic receiver in Calvin Johnson and a promising TE in Brandon Pettigrew, it would be nice for Stafford to have more time to throw.
The only negatives on Solder are that he played for a school that really didn't have a prolific offense. Colorado was ranked 59th in passing offense, 85th in rushing offense, and averaged 24 points per game. I'm no expert but from watching his highlights it seems like he needs to work on picking up the quicker blitzers. After all of this with the right technique and work I think Solder will be a force for years to come and will become one of the best left tackles in the game.


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With lower prices in 2014, but continuing high input prices and land costs, it's more important than ever to track your break-even price. We'd like to know how you keep track of that price. Do you just have a ballpark idea in your head? Do you calculate a whole-farm average? Or do you take it down to the per-bushel, per-field level? Take the poll and let us know. Please leave comments below about how you track your break-even costs. We love to hear from you!
Discuss this poll 11
2014 expenses rent $200,seed$100, fert$200,chem,fuel misc,$100. income ,200bu at $3.00 per bu, there both the same, i wish someone could tell how to make money on corn this year.
I calculate cost per bushel by crop. Using yield averages over multiple years.
University of Purdue has a cost breakdown that I can manipulate in MS Excel to calculate the cost per acre, adjusting each input factor and variances in price and yields. That way I have a better knowledge of how the fields will be performing in 2014.
With the current price and costs in our area their is no money to be made at 185 bu. corn @ $ 4.30. Most rented ground at that price and yld. will lose money. Only ground that is paid for will show a profit at current levels. Soybeans made a small profit if yields were above 56 bpa. and you sold them at $ 12.00.
The first thought that enters the equation is the flat out return per acre yield and price. You immediately start out with a double variable. Anyone that says they truly know their cost per bushel before planting is just taking an educated guess. With so many factors influencing break even I really don't think the best operator in the country could hit B/E before the crop is planted. After harvest and after pricing, certainly you can hit it to the penny with B/E analysis. By then you have a fixed amount you are dealing with. Basically it is going to be too late to do much about it. I like the comment about farming for God or what ever one believes in. Some people spend way too much time dealing with running their farm they really don't enjoy life! Either that or they have way too big an operation. I like to drive my Corvette once in a while in the summer and Ski at my condo in Colorado for a few days in the winter. Life is way too short! People have to learn to enjoy life!
I calculate it by overall bushels when harvest is complete to get a even better knowing of what my actual breakeven price is.
I calculate it by overall bushels when harvest is complete to get a even better knowing of what my actual breakeven price is.
i calculate cost per bus over total farm
i like to calculate cost per bus over entire farm operation
Costs are calculated . Crops are often sold in next calendar year. There is difficulty in allocating costs such as fixed and variable overhead , direct and indirect labor, and is further complicated by other enterprises such as cattle , cow -calf , feeders . As a rule this is done by percentage of income .Enterprise analysis is done . I have taken 10 percent off for depreciation each year. With inflation over time
this has been too much as some items are worth as much as when purchased. This non cash item may be the hardest to pin down. Costs do behave differently in relevant production ranges giving different b/e.
The returns are always good when one farms for God. I may not like the floods and droughts we all go through, sometimes I wish the crops yielded better, but at the end of each farming season The Lord has provided.


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Featured in Michigan Travel Ideas 2012, beginning on page 67.
Hungry for adventure? These three foodie trips treat visitors to not-to-be-missed flavors in big cities, small towns and along idyllic country roads. During these trips, you can sample smoky whitefish and a crisp white wine on a lakeshore patio at sunset, pluck blueberries from a you-pick orchard, or savor a dinner of crispy duck confit and tart cherry preserves. You can drink in a view of Detroits gleaming skyline as you toast its rebirth with a Motown Lager, or admire modern art in Grand Rapids after a lunch of Spanish-style tapas. Whether you choose one region or try them all, youre in for a delicious ride.
Ann Arbor Farmers Market
Adjacent to iconic Zingermans Deli, Ann Arbor Farmers Market has one of the biggest gatherings of fresh, local foods in southeast Michigan. Chefs revere this extravaganza of heirloom tomatoes, baby lettuce and other artisan vegetables.
Cherry Republic
This bustling three-building complex sells all kinds of cherry products and treats in the artists colony of Glen Arbor at the base of the Leelanau Peninsula. Sample all things cherryincluding salsa, peanut butter and wine.
Dennos Museum
On the Northwestern Michigan College campus in Traverse City, exhibits include an extensive collection of Inuit art.
Ford Rouge Factory Tour
Henry Fords original assembly-line factorystill the companys largestis open for tours to please car fanatics and history buffs alike. Purchase tickets at The Henry Ford and hop a bus to the sprawling factory for a self-guided tour.
Miller Auditorium
Western Michigan Universitys Miller Auditorium in Kalamazoo hosts a year-round schedule of Broadway shows, concerts, symphony performances, touring artists and special events.
MotorCity Casino Hotel
This hotspot is a safe bet for spectacular views of downtown Detroit. The building that houses automotive-themed MotorCity Casino Hotel was once a Wonder Bread factory, and it continues to make dough for those who find themselves on the winning side of a blackjack, craps, baccarat or poker table or on a streak at a roulette wheel or slot machine.
Sarett Nature Center
This conservation-minded stop on the outskirts of Benton Harbor is a must-see in the region, and the hiking trails and kids programming are a strong draw for nature-lovers. One of the trails is an elevated boardwalk that gives visitors a view of the forest from the tops of the trees.
La Cantina RestaurantThis friendly, family-run restaurant in Paw Paw blends traditional Italian favorites, like lasagna and spaghetti, with special concoctions including Pasta Emilio with pancetta and artichokes. Dont miss the attached wine shop featuring Italian imports.
The Livery
A 100-year-old horse livery in Benton Harbors Arts District houses a restaurant-pub with handcrafted beers on tap. Soon-to-be-hot bands play live. The small but interesting menu is known to change seasonally because the chef uses local produce.
This downtown Ann Arbor restaurant serves sophisticated, innovative cuisine that is somewhat at odds with its setting in a casual store front. The menu is diverse and unique, with favorites including the bacon and egg salad starring arugula, bacon-dusted cornbread and a perfectly fried egg.
Seldom Blues
Located in the GM Renaissance Center, this elegant, understated restaurant boasts huge windows and an outdoor patio area overlooking the Detroit River. Live jazz is offered nightly, and two bar areas make it easy to stop for a drink if dinners not on the agenda.
The Underground Cheesecake Company
Without a doubt, the most fun item on the menu at the Underground Cheesecake Company, a sunny bakery-cafe in Traverse City, is cheesecake on a stick. But purists will be satisfied by Underground Cheesecakes more traditional offerings, available whole, by the slice and as bite-size samplers.
Whitneys Oyster Bar
This New England-style oyster bar in Charlevoix serves nautical-theme drinks and mouth-watering fish in a festive atmosphere. Savor a summer evening at the bars Topside, an open-air deck with a tiki bar.
Chelsea House Victorian Inn
Built in 1881, the Queen Anne-style Chelsea House Victorian Inn is a highlight of this charming community. The Carriage House, complete with full kitchen, dining area, living room and two-person Jacuzzi tub, is perfect for an extended stay. Guests are treated to daily breakfast delivery .
Henderson Castle Bed and Breakfast
Set atop the highest hill in Kalamazoo, the century-old Henderson Castle is a local gem with breathtaking views stretching for nearly 40 miles. Murder-mystery dinners and other themed getaways are always on the calendar at this 1895 local landmark.
The Homestead Resort
This Glen Arbor resort nestles along Lake Michigans eastern shore and stands ready to welcome people needing respite from lifes bustle. Its mile-long Lake Michigan beach gives guests a chance to rent kayaks or just take walks. The property has a variety of lodgings, including two small resort hotels, a rustic lodge and a historic inn.
Old Harbor Inn
This hotel is located within walking distance of all the entertainment South Haven has to offer. Several room choices are available, from rooms with balconies overlooking the harbor to whirlpool suites.
Staffords Perry Hotel
Long a stronghold of Northern Michigan lodging, Staffords century-old Perry Hotel is a historic pastel inn with one of the best locations in Petoskey. Situated in downtown Petoskeys historic Gaslight District, the waterfront hotel is a perfect backdrop for a day of retail therapy, topped off by dinner and the requisite sunset .
The Westin Book Cadillac Detroit
In its heyday, this hotel hosted such illustrious guests as presidents Herbert Hoover and Harry Truman, singer Frank Sinatra and baseball great Lou Gehrig. A 2008 restoration returned the legendary hotel to its 1924 glory while adding many modern-day luxuries, including 42-inch plasma televisions, laptop safes, in-room spa services and a gym and swimming pool.
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MORTON, Ill.-- Cat Logistics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar, Inc., has announced the addition of a new parts distribution center in California.
The distribution center, set to go up in the Tejon Ranch Commerce Center in Central California, will have access to major airports and highways, which Caterpillar says is definitely an upside.
"This investment...demonstrates our deep commitment to Caterpillar customers," said Steve Larson, vice president of Caterpillar, Inc and chairman and president of Cat Logistics. "We are ensuring that our service parts distribution systems serves customer needs better than any competitor, now and in the future."
The 40,000-square foot distribution center will employ anywhere from 100 to 150 people when it becomes operational in late 2012.


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POLL: Did You Score Mark Hunt vs. Antonio Silva As A Draw?Posted on December 22, 2013, 11:24 AM by Rory Kernaghan
Mark Hunt and Antonio 'Bigfoot' Silva went to war at UFC Ultimate Fight Night 33 in Brisbane, putting on a great show of heart and durability en-route to their FOTN winning draw. Although Silva failed the post fight drug test for elevated levels of concentrated rage, the bout itself was a thoroughly entertaining slug fest.
So much so, I've found myself re watching the fight a few times over the last week, and I can't help but feel that Hunt won the fight. It seemed that Hunt had the better of Silva on the feet, landing more damaging strikes and even two takedowns.
As exciting and hard to judge as the fight was for me, I'm not a judge and was too caught up in the action first time around anyway. In my opinion, the judges got it wrong in this one. Take a look at the Fight Metric report of Hunt vs. Bigfoot and then let me know how you scored the bout.
- 1. I thought Mark Hunt won
- 2. I thought Bigfoot Silva won
- 3. Yes I think it was a draw
MagicMMASharp21Funny | 3Weak | 2Cool | 0
Shouldn't this have been asked like two weeks ago?
Rory KernaghanWeak18Funny | 12Cool | 1Sharp | 0
hold on, I thought this fight happened last night......you mean I've lost two weeks in time? This is some planet of the apes type sh*t right now
Bruce LeeCool8Funny | 0Weak | 0Sharp | 0
I didn't score it formally but I was surprised as I thought Hunt landed more and took less damage / was rocked less. It was so close though that any of the answers above wouldn't have shocked me.
TheXperienceSharp8Funny | 0Weak | 0Cool | 0
All of the other sh*t aside... the ref saved Bigfoot with the time-out, in my eyes Hunt took this. It was close but not close enough to be a draw. Hunt hurt Bigfoot a lot more. I never look at that fight metric crap cause their "significant strikes" are mostly NOT significant at all or BLOCKED!
enjoylife321Cool2Funny | 0Weak | 0Sharp | 0
Thanks XP for typing what I wanted to say !!
lovehate83Sharp1Cool | 1Funny | 0Weak | 0
the way i saw it is silva took the fight on a round by round basis, but i think hunt won the fight if you look at it as a whole.
On a round by round basis, Hunt should have two 10-8 rounds, so its still Hunt by 47-46
IChokePeopleWeak4Cool | 2Funny | 0Sharp | 0
I had BF winning BUT as I said at the time, I am also okay with calling it a draw. Having read what the doctor said I would say it still should be. Silva got screwed.
I had Hunt up by a few significant shots, I have no problem with the draw. I need to watch the fight again to really see what was going on in there punch for punch.


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Apparently, when it comes to lawyers having a mid-life crisis, Facebook is the new Ferrari.
How lawyers approach the "Like" button on Facebook.
An old lawyer's perception of a new lawyer, illustrated, with examples.
Whatever became of the law school drop out? You know, the guy who just stopped showing up to criminal law one day? Here are seven.
Part of the Bitter Lawyer Venn Diagram series on lawyers, law students, and other such truck
What your top yoga moves can tell the judge and jury in a courtroom
Copyright © 2013 Lawyerist Media, LLC. Powered by advanced degrees and WordPress.


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Pedal Harps
Chicago Petite 40
40 Strings
Introducing the Chicago Petite 40, designed by Lyon & Healy. In the spirit of the modern skyline of its namesake, the Chicago Petite 40 has a neoclassical style and design. Built with a Sitka Spruce soundboard and Hard Maple body, the Chicago Petite 40 has a clear and dependable sound. The soundboard is decorated with a beautiful climbing vine and the mechanism features solid brass action plates. An ease to play with an unmatched value, the Chicago Petite 40 is the perfect partner for the harpist in the pursuit of expressive musicianship. The Chicago Petite 40 is available in natural, mahogany and ebony finishes and comes with a cover, tuning key and a 3-year limited warranty.
The Chicago 40 is eligible for our Bounty Program and may be traded in toward the purchase of any new pedal harp of greater value within 5 years of purchase! Click for details.


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Typical Modules:
View Course Structure document
Short Story Writing provides a thorough introduction to the short story. This is done through two distinct, but integrated, approaches: a detailed historical analysis of the development of the short story, with particular focus on twentieth century and contemporary writing; and secondly through the creative practice itself. Each week you'll be encouraged to explore key techniques and approaches in your own writing, posting your work up on the module blog.
Novel Writing extends and deepens your engagement with fiction writing. The module provides you with a thorough introduction to the novel as a distinct fictional genre in the twenty-first century. As well as examining key works, you'll also be working on your own creative practice. A key part of the module focuses on the preparation of your work for publication.
In Writing the City, you'll explore representations of urban space in your creative writing. And then New and Experimental Writing will encourage you to explore avant-garde and experimental literary techniques. In addition, Critical Practice prepares you for your dissertation through which you'll be able to submit a substantial body of creative work with an informed critical commentary.
One of the great strengths of the programme is its flexibility. MA Creative Writing can be studied either full or part time. Modules can be taken individually, allowing you to control the pace and depth of your postgraduate study. Programme delivery is enhanced by the university's commitment to e-learning. The module Short Story Writing can be taken as a distance learning option.
Cardiff has one of the largest media and creative-industry sectors outside London, including BBC Wales, ITV Wales, S4C, BBC Cymru Wales, the Western Mail and Wales on Sunday.
MA Creative Writing is perfectly situated to draw on this experience.
This degree will encourage you to develop the valuable skills of autonomy, effective collaboration, self-direction, organisation, initiative and adaptability that are highly regarded in the workplace. It is also perfect for anyone who wishes to develop their own writing for possible publication.
Emre Karatoprak (MA Creative Writing) had his first novel published on Amazon, Türbülans (2013).
Alex Sambrook (MA Creative Writing) had a short story shortlisted in the prestigious Bridport Short Story Competition (2012).
Stacey Taylor, MA English & Creative Writing (full time), won the It Started With a Kiss competition run by Authonomy in November 2011 with a 416 word flash fiction.
Applicants should usually have a first or upper second-class honours degree, in a relevant subject. Students that meet the criteria will be invited for interview.
Campus: Cyncoed
School: Cardiff School of Education
Course Length: 1 year full-time; 2 years part-time
There are a number of ways you can undertake postgraduate study with us.
It's completely up to you.
All options are taught either full or part time. All teaching is done in the evening, full time on Mondays and Wednesdays, part time just one evening a week. The modules Short Story Writing and Novel Writing can be taken through distance learning.
Assessment occurs through a variety of approaches, including creative portfolios, reflective blogs, poster presentations and dissertation.
Selection Procedure:
Application form, CV and interview.
How to Apply:
Applications for this course should be made direct to the university via our self-service facility. For further information please visit our How to Apply pages at www.cardiffmet.ac.uk/howtoapply.
International Applicants:
Before making an application, international students (those outside of the EU), should contact the International Office at Cardiff Met to discuss the necessary procedures in relation to studying with us. For further information visit www.cardiffmet.ac.uk/international.
Tuition Fees and Financial Support:
For up to date information on tuition fees and the financial support that may be available. Please refer to www.cardiffmet.ac.uk/fees.
Postgraduate Scholarships:
The university also offers a postgraduate scholarship scheme to help students whilst at university. To see if you are eligible, visit www.cardiffmet.ac.uk/scholarships.
For general enquiries please contact the Student Recruitment Team on 029 2041 6044 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
For course specific enquiries, please contact the programme leader, Dr Spencer Jordan:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Tel: 029 2041 7246
See Also:
Cardiff School of Education Website
Department of Humanities Website


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Leighton Meester attended the Harry Winston Court Of Jewels Recreation Launch in New York City last night.
She boldly wore a Marchesa Spring 2011 sheer lace jumpsuit.
The jumpsuit has an extreme plunging neckline, an embellished waistband and an open back.
It leaves very little to the imagination, but Leighton it classy enough to pull it off.
I really admire this look.
I don't like the necklace, but that was the purpose of the event.
As I said yesterday Leighton is keeping things really interesting on the red carpet, this is just another chapter of that book.
Nicholas Kirkwood heels, pinned up hair, ruby lips and her Ball bag complete her look.
Not everyone is going to like this, but I'll take this look over another Spring 2011 floral dress in mid-November.
Credit: NYMag.com & Getty
Posted by Catherine Kallon on November 17th, 2010 In: Leighton Meester, Marchesa, Runway To Red Carpet


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|Bluetooth Handsfree Systems
We can supply & fit Audi and VW OEM style bluetooth systems that integrate directly with your car in the same manner as an original factory fitted kit.
Our Bluetooth systems (Novero, Genuine VW, FISCON Mobile and Dension) integrate directly with the factory navigation or radio units and will list phone book, missed calls, dialled calls* etc directly on your navigation screen (and/or Driver Information (DIS) Screen). They provide a truly OEM experience almost identical to the one Audi/VW/BMW/Mercedes supply from factory whilst also benefiting from A2DP music streaming from your mobile phone to your car audio system.
Key Benefits:
We offer various types of kits depending on the car and existing setup, see table below for more info.
The Dension Gateway 500 system which is compatible with all fibre optic (MOST system) enabled Audi's such as the New A4 (with nav), A5 (with nav), A6, A8, and the Audi Q7. If you're new A4 or A5 doesn't have nav installed, we can install a Fiscon non-fibre optic kit instead. The Dension unit is also compatible with various BMW's, Mercs & Porsches. The key benefit the Dension GW-500 has over a standard kit is that in addition to full Bluetooth handsfree capability, it also adds full iPod control giving you access to Albums, Artists, Genres etc via the controls in your car. For more info on the Gateway 500, please vists our iPod intergration page here.
Please note: Our accepted forms of payment are; cash, verified bankers draft (during bank opening hours only),
We offer a mobile fitting service at no extra charge if you live or work in Bradford. Outside of Bradford there is an additional charge of £1 per mile (minimum £30) chargeable one way only.
For more info on any of the above, please contact us.
FISCON phone compatibility list (PDF)
*Functions are dependent on vehicle/head unit and a compatible phone.