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via www.blogcdn.com
I keep hearing Von Miller's name with The Denver Broncos #2 Pick - My thoughts on Von Miller - I think Miller is a Elite LB and I think that John Fox loves to put pressure on the QB. I think this is definetely a possiblity with all the good DT's who might be available in the 2nd Round.
Denver has only 1 Elite Front 7 Player in Elvis Dumervil and by drafting Von Miller Denver would have 2.
My question is can Von Miller slide to DE on passing downs and rush the passer???
Other thoughts on the draft.
1. I firmly believe that John Elway isn't sold on either Kyle Orton and Tim Tebow. Denver went to Auburn's ProDay , is having Jake Locker in for a visit and is going to Missouri's ProDay. No I am not really sold on any of them but this is definetely worth watching.
2. Kendrick Ellis - DT - Hampton - 6'5" 346lbs - I keep hearing that Denver might be interested in him. Don't be surprised if Denver targets him at #46. John Fox loves Big DT's and Ellis would be a solid addition to the team.
3. Danny Watkins - OT/G - Baylor - 6'4" 310lbs - Denver has shown interest in Watkins and we all know that Denver needs a Olineman regardless if Ryan Harris resigns or not.
4. Mikel Leshoure - RB - Illinios - 6'0"225lbs - John Fox loves big RB's and drafted 2 - 1st Round RB's in DeAngelo Williams and Jonathon Stewart - Don't be surprised if Denver goes RB somewhere in the 1st 3 rounds.
5. I think that Denver is going to trade down in the draft atleast 1 time. Denver only has 6 picks and alot more holes than that.
I think that Denver will try to trade down from #2 to #4,5,6,7. If they do this then I think Von Miller , Nick Fairley , Patrick Peterson , DaQuan Bowers will all be possible.
I hope that Cincy trades up and Denver picks up a extra 2nd and later picks.
Then Denver could go
1st ------ Von Miller - OLB - Texas A&M
2nd ----- Mikel Leshoure - RB - Illinios
2nd ----- Marvin Austin - DT - UNC
2nd ----- Kendrick Ellis - DT - Hampton
3rd ------ James Brewer - OT - Indiana


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Jay's book picks
Posted on | February 13, 2010 | 9 Comments
Each year I choose a Book of the Year, my personal favorite. Here they are, going back as far as I can remember.
So far in 2012 (August), my favorite is The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry by Rachel Joyce, a first novel.
I've forgotten a few years, I'm afraid. I wish I had kept a list. I have a friend who has kept a list of everything she's read since she was a teenager. She even has a rating system. Here's an idea; lists of books read could be kept online now at Library Thing. The library now has a page there of our new books.
Please comment below and tell us some of your favorite books.
Tags: book picks > book reviews > Jay's picks > readers' advisory > reviews > staff picks
9 Responses to "Jay's book picks"
Nancy Sheridan
January 23rd, 2007 @ 8:06 pm
I'd have to put Ahab's wife at my top ten also. It was a compelling read, full of adventure, spirit, relationships, history. It's one book that has stayed with me over time.
p.s. this web site is great!
February 22nd, 2007 @ 9:42 pm
How about inviting library patrons to submit their own top ten list
for posting here on the website.
February 23rd, 2007 @ 11:34 am
Go for it! We'd love to see other people's top ten lists!
[tags]top ten books, book picks, reader's advisory[/tags]
Louise Taylor
March 4th, 2007 @ 5:19 pm
Thanks Jay, this is a great website,
My top ten so far:
The Tao of Psychology by Jean Shinoda Bolan
Earthly Paradise by Colette
The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson
Out of Africa by Isak Dinesen
The Education of Little Tree by Forest Carter
Artic Dreams by Barry Lopez
A Christmas Memory by Truman Capote
Elizabeth Bishop Complete Poems 1927-1979
Anna Akhmatova Poems
Member of the Wedding by Caron McCullers
reader's advisory, top ten, books, favorite, lists, book picks
March 5th, 2007 @ 6:56 pm
Top Ten (From childhood to now)
1. A Day at The Zoo. (I don't remember the authors name, but this was the book I asked my father to read to me over and over again before I could read.)
2. Homer Price Stories. Robert McCloskey.
3. Harry Houdini (Biography by his wife Bess).
4. A Journey to the Center of The Earth. Jules Verne.
5. Robinson Crusoe. Daniel Defoe.
6. The Artist in His Studio. Alexander Liberman.
7. Collected Poems. Dylan Thomas.
8. The Glass Bead Game. Herman Hesse.
9 The Agony and The Ecstasy. Irving Stone.
10. Stranger In A Strange Land. Robert Heinlein.
[tags]childhood, adulthood, favorite, books, lists[/tags]
March 14th, 2007 @ 12:25 pm
I loved those Homer Price stories. I learned to read so I could read what was going on with that greenhouse with all the broken windows. Robert McCloskey is a National Treasure, as far as I'm concerned. His books never grow old and tired. Every generation loves them.
March 16th, 2007 @ 5:36 pm
Homer was the best! I can still remember laughing so hard when my second grade teacher would read those stories.
Long live the Doughnut Machine!!
February 23rd, 2010 @ 10:20 pm
Those who like your 2009 book choice might also be interested in the documentary, "Man on Wire", an Oscar winning film about Philippe Petit, the man who walked the wire between the Twin Towers in 1974.
State of Grace by Ann Patchett : Cook Memorial Library
October 26th, 2011 @ 2:28 pm
[...] terrific book I just finished, State of Wonder by Ann Patchett is the best book I've read in two years. When I finished it, I want to turn it over and start at the beginning again. But as a librarian, I [...]
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Abu Dhabi tries merger to end property mess
With Abu Dhabi trying a new property bailout tack with the potential Aldar-Sorouh merger, will consolidation be enough to fix the capital's ailing property market?
March 12, 2012 3:10 by Reuters
Aldar has already sucked up $10 billion in emergency funds, equivalent to the amount funneled to Dubai at the height of its debt crisis. Creating a single developer could make sense, depending on the terms of the deal. But in any case Abu Dhabi, which also owns 20 percent of Sorouh, will have to work hard to protect its majority independent shareholders.
Two successive lifelines have left Aldar 49 percent owned by state-investment vehicle Mubadala, which is eager to ease the developer off its books. Putting it together with Sorouh would reduce Mubadala's stake and create a developer with $15 billion worth of assets.
The hope is clearly that the new enlarged company will be better run than Aldar. Furthermore, both companies would stop competing for the same projects, most of them government contracts.
Yet uncertainty over the structure and terms of the deal makes shareholder enthusiasm for a government-blessed merger at least premature. Based on Sunday's closing price, a share swap would result in a 60/40 split of the new company in favour of Aldar. But a split of 44/56 in favour of Sorouh, which is more conservatively-run than its rival, might be more appropriate based on 12-month fair value estimates from EFG-Hermes.
A merger will also ease Aldar's short-term financing position and give it a broader asset backing for its debt. The enlarged balance sheet would have had net debt worth 108 percent of equity at the end of 2011, compared to Aldar's current net debt worth around 200 percent. Aldar expects its net debt would fall to around one sixth of its current level by 2015, once the full impact of the government bailouts has kicked in.
But the deal wouldn't be enough to fix Abu Dhabi's ailing property market, where prices continue to fall amid fresh supply. To achieve that, Abu Dhabi would need to extend the merger to include other smaller developers.
In the meantime, the majority owners of Sorouh, who won't really have the option of opposing a merger, don't have much to grasp in the way of protection. But given that foreigners account for around 12 percent of the register, Abu Dhabi has a serious incentive to not run rough-shod over independent shareholders.
– Abu Dhabi's Aldar Properties said on March 11 that it was in talks to merge with local-rival Sorouh Real Estate in a state-backed deal.
– A merger of the No. 1 and 2 developers in the emirate will create one of the largest property firms in the region by assets with more than 54 billion dirhams ($15 billion).
– The companies said a special team will study a merger and provide recommendations to the senior management of both companies within the next three months.
– In 2009, debt-laden Dubai Holding was in talks to merge four local real estate companies including Emaar Properties, Dubai Properties, Sama Dubai and Tatweer. The merger wasn't completed after studies by the board of Emaar Properties questioned the economic feasibility of a tie-up.
– Last year, Dubai lender Emirates NBD took over smaller troubled rival Dubai Bank under orders from Dubai's ruler.
– Shares in Aldar and Sorouh rose 10 percent on Monday, following the announcement. Aldar is 49 percent owned by state-owned investment vehicle Mubadala. Sorouh is around 20 percent owned by government entities.
– Reuters: UAE developers Aldar, Sorouh eye state-backed merger
– Aldar/Sorouh statement (Arabic): http://www.adx.ae/English/Pages/default.aspx
(The author, Una Galani, is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are her own. Editing by Pierre Briançon and David Evans)
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Ran into an actual honest to Betsy U of L basketball insider last evening.
His credential: The Rick invited him in to watch the team practice. He was the only non-program person in the gym.
Impressive. A FORWP (Friend of Rick With Portfolio.)
I also learned quickly why he maintains that status. When I asked, "Okay, off the record, honest, what's the deal with Behanan and Ware?"
To which query, he smiled and remained mute. It was obvious he knew something, but knew he wasn't going to say a thing about it.
"Okay, just tell me this. Is it serious team turmoil?"
His response indicated it was not.
He did comment on how truly competitive the practice was, how the players really got after each other. And how excited Pitino is about this team.
* * * * *
I, on the other hand, am but one of the majority of local media who are allowed to watch practice on only the most rare of occasions. So what I'm about to opine comes without any foreknowledge.
Were I a betting man, I'd wager that Russ Smith soon enough will become a sixth man again. He's listed in this morning's C-J as a probable starter tonight against Pikeville. If one of this trio — Blackshear or Ware or Nunez — doesn't earn a starting berth with his play, this team will not become the one fans hope it to be.
Smith is the absolute incarnation of Microwave Vinnie Johnson, a guy who can come in cold and immediately make things happen. You know, a catalyst.
* * * * *
* * * * *
While making fun the other day of UK's exhi opponent tonight, Northwood, I, as usual, didn't dig deep research-wise.
The team is apparently an NAIA power and is coached by vagabond Rollie Massimino. Who, as any real fan knows, won a national title in the biggest championship game upset ever. Nova over Georgetown, right there in Rupp Arena.
* * * * *
I actually watched a few moments of NBA ball last night. Understand it was for training purposes only. I didn't want to head to the Yum! tonight without any conditioning whatsoever.
And for some reason, I was curious whether Samardo Samuels remains a Cleveland Cavalier? Which he does. Every once in awhile I do check some facts.
He is earning $854,389/ season. Which, while way more than I ever earned, or most Americans earn in a lifetime let alone a year, is not much over the league minimum being earned by two of his teammates less fortunate than him. Meanwhile teammate Luke Walton is taking home $6 million +, Anderson Varejao, over $8 mill and PG extraordinaire Kyrie Irving, $5 mill +.
Former future U of L playmaking star Sebastian Telfair is now warming the bench in Phoenix for $1.5 million a year.
To finish this little journey, I advise that Francisco Garcia is the third highest paid Sacramento King at $6.1 million a year. Let me also advise I stand by my belief that his greatest moment as a Cardinal occurred when he returned to the bench and while listening to some instructions from Rick Pitino, reached over and straightened the immaculate coach's tie.
* * * * *
While the Cardinals are being heralded in the pre-season as one of the top 3 teams in the land, two well regarded numbers gurus have them slotted a bit lower. Ken Pomery places them at #8, behind in order, UK, Ohio State, Indiana, Michigan State, Wisconsin, UCLA and Syracuse.
Hmm, four Big Ten teams in the top 8.
Dan Hanmer, whose computer model is being recognized as the most complete ever, posits the Cardinals 10th in the nation. Interesting, his computer places the Badgers 33d.
But one thing we've learned, the only numbers that matter are the ones generated on that 94 x 50 rectangle of hardwood.
* * * * *
Love that Western Kentucky's big game tonight with Middle Tennessee has a late ESPNU kickoff. 9:15 Louisville time. So we'll be able to watch either the Cats or the Cards or both, then catch the Toppers.
– Seedy K


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Green Jobs: Survey of the Energy Industry
The Association of Energy Engineers (AEE), a nonprofit professional society of over 14,000 members, issued a survey to its members to determine the need for Green Jobs, Energy Industry Potential, Stimulus Results and Salary Data.
Survey Results:
There is a growing demand for energy efficiency, green collar and renewable energy professionals in light of the following trends:
Green Job Growth Trends & Opportunities
The Association of Energy Engineers
maintains a career web site detailing energy, green, sustainable and power
positions and jobs available as well as a resume databank with individuals
seeking employment. Details are indicated at
Copyright 2011 Association of Energy
Engineers. Permission granted to reprint portions of this report provided the
following credit/link appears: Re-printed with Permission of the Association of
Energy Engineers (AEE) http://www.aeecenter.org


text:
Pediatric Clinic of Rockwall is located on the second floor of The Landing, a yellow Victorian style office building. Our hours of operation are 8am - 5pm Monday - Friday.
Laura Stiles was born and raised in Missouri. She attended the University of Missuri graduating with a BS degree in education. She taught in the public school system for several years before deciding to go back to school to earn her medical degree from Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine. She received her Board Certification in Pediatrics in 1987 as a Fellow in the American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians. In 1990 she moved to Texas to establish a private practice in Mesquite. In 2001 there was a need to expand and she opened a satellite office in Rockwall. This quickly grew to a full-time, thriving practice. She now employs physicians and nurse practitioners to provide continuing excellent care to her large patient base at both locations. Read more.
Danielle Leung is a Texas native who recently relocated back home. She grew up in Hurst, TX and attended LD Bell High School. Thereafter she graduated from Austin College in Sherman, TX and UT Southwestern Medical School. The past three years were spent in pediatric training at Saint Louis University. Her special interests in pediatrics include childhood obesity/weight management and diabetes. In addition to taking care of the health of children, she also enjoys reading, yoga, traveling, exploring new restaurants, and spending time with her dog. Read more.
Tricia Lawler received her nursing degree from Syracuse University in New York. She completed her masters and residency at Baylor University in Dallas with a focus on primary health care in family medicine for clients of all ages, variety of cultures concentrating on the medically underserved. Throughout her training Tricia was able to participate in multiple medical mission trips in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Peru. She has four years of Intensive Care nursing experience and has been practicing as a Family Nurse Practitioner for 6 years. Tricia is fluent in Spanish, enjoys running, cycling, and loves spending time with her family. Tricia is married and the mother of two sons. Read more.
Lara Lovell grew up in Rockwall, Texas. After completing her Masters in Nursing from Vanderbilt University in Nashville in 1998, she worked in a Rural Health clinic for 5 years in Knoxville, Tennessee. Moving back to Rockwall in 2003, she worked in family practice in Dallas until deciding to focus on pediatrics by joining Rockwall Medical Association in the fall of 2007. Lara is married to her high school sweetheart and has one daughter and two sons. She is determined to add to her Spanish skills to become completely fluent with her patients. Read more.
We do our best to schedule your appointments at a time that is convenient for you. Please try to schedule in advance whenever possible. IF IT IS AN EMERGENCY PLEASE CALL 911.
• If you are more than 10 minutes late for an appointment you may be asked to reschedule.
• Parent/Guardian must be present at all Well Child Exams, ADHD and New Patient appointments.
• ADHD appointments must arrive at the scheduled appointment time. We do not allow any time extensions to these appointments.
• If your child is ill, you should call as soon as possible in the morning for a same day appointment.
• Patients may be assessed a $25.00 fee for appointments not canceled or rescheduled 24 hours in advance.
• You must bring your current month's insurance verification and current photo identification with you to each visit.
Payment is due at the time of service. If your child(ren) has insurance, we will file this as a courtesy to you as long as we have been provided with the necessary insurance documentation. If your insurance rejects a claim for any reason you are responsible for the payment.
New babies must be added to the insurance within 2 weeks of their date of birth. We will not be able to see a child after the 2 weeks without their insurance. You will be responsible for any unpaid charges that have accumulated during that 2 week period of time.
It is the responsibility of the parent or legal guardian to provide ALL necessary paperwork and/or insurance cards to our office. If your child requires medication, you must make an appointment. We do not call in medication without seeing the child.
The On-Call Physician will not call in new prescriptions or refill existing prescriptions. If you have specific questions or concerns, please feel free to ask your physician or any member of our staff. We are here to help you in any way we can.
Thank you for choosing Pediatric Clinic of Rockwall for your child's health care. What follows is general information concerning our practice. Please download and print the following New Patient files. Complete the paperwork and bring it with you to your first visit.
As a patient, you should be involved in your medical treatment and in paying for your healthcare. This document will help you understand your health insurance policy and care payment process. Our office staff follows the rules of your individual health insurance policy. The office staff works hard to send bills on time to your health insurance company for payment, so you will not have to pay for covered medical care.
Your health insurance policy is a contract between you and your health insurance company. It is an agreement that your health insurance company will pay for covered medical care as long as your premium is paid. The health insurance company may not pay for every bill, which is why it is important for you to know which medical treatments your plan will pay for and which expenses it will not cover. Our office, which deals with hundreds of plans, does not know the details of your particular plan, and learns about your particular plan's coverage only after receiving your insurance company's explanation of benefits after submitting our claim for your services. You are responsible for paying any medical costs that the health insurance company does not pay for.
Be sure to check with your health insurance company to see how these terms apply to your coverage. Co-payment The portion of your medical bill which you must pay each time you visit the doctor. This fee is pre-set by your health insurance plan. Some plans have a co-pay for the doctor's evaluation plus a co-pay for any procedures performed. Co-insurance The portion of your bill, in addition to any co-pay, that you must pay, which is a percentage of your total medical bill. Deductible The cost you must pay for medical treatment before your health insurance company starts to pay. A new deductible must be satisfied each calendar year. Non-covered services The costs for medical care or treatment that your health insurance company does not pay for. You may wish to determine if your treatment is covered by your health insurance plan before these services are rendered.
The patient pays the co-pay, if applicable, at the time of service. The office submits a claim to the insurance company seeking payment for services rendered, and the insurance company pays the office, minus any applicable co-pay, co-insurance, or deductible, at a contracted fee schedule. The office then charges the patient for any approved co-insurance or deductible as well as for non-covered services. The process by which the office seeks payment is very complicated, which is why we need correct information from each patient.
Photo identification, such as a driver's license or passport;
Your current health insurance card;
Any change in personal information, such as name, address, employer or phone number; and payment for your co-pay;
Photo identification, such as a driver's license or passport, for the accompanying guardian;
If the patient is a minor; The patient's current health insurance card;
The primary insurance holder's name, address, employer, social security number and phone number;
Any change in personal information, such as name, address, employer or phone number; and payment for the co-pay.
The office staff uses this information to confirm your health insurance coverage and to send your health insurance company a claim for payment on your medical bill. The health insurance company requires your personal information, usually including your Social Security Number, before it will pay your bill. Be sure that our staff has all your correct information so that your health insurance company can pay your bill. If your health insurance company notifies our office that it cannot determine your coverage because some information is missing or incomplete, you will be responsible for payment of your entire bill. Please remember that your information may have changed since your last visit, or the services covered by your health insurance plan may have changed, which is why we require you to verify this information and display your health insurance card at each visit.
As a courtesy to you, our staff will contact your health insurance company to ask why the bill was not paid completely. The health insurance company may ask our office to appeal or re-send the bill with more information. This typically happens when the health insurance company has not paid for a procedure even if your doctor has said it was medically necessary. You may receive a copy of our appeal letter, or duplicate correspondence from your health insurance company.
We may require your help to get a bill paid when your health insurance company does not pay. You may be asked to call your insurer or employer to find out why a bill has not been paid.
There are a number of reasons why a health insurance company does not pay a bill or a portion of a bill (see below). Those charges then become your responsibility to pay, under the terms of your insurance contract.
Services were provided for a pre-existing condition, which is a medical condition you had before obtaining this health insurance policy; The particular medical treatment provided is not covered by your health insurance policy; You did not provide the health insurance company with information or forms it requires; The health insurance premium has not been paid, either by you or your employer; A spouse, child or dependent is not covered by the health insurance plan, or was not added to the policy; The doctor is "out of network," which means we do not have a participation contract with your health insurance company; A health insurance policy protocol was not followed, such as the responsibility to obtain a referral or prior authorization.
Pediatric Clinic of Rockwall is located on the second floor of The Landing, a yellow Victorian style office building. Our hours of operation are 8am - 5pm Monday - Friday.


text:
Financial Daily from THE HINDU group of publications
Monday, Nov 14, 2005
Home Page
Logistics - Railways
Corporate - Alliances & Joint Ventures
Bombardier, Reliance Energy in talks for Hyderabad metro project
Amit Mitra
Recently in Milan
THE Canadian transportation major Bombardier Inc plans to form a strategic alliance with Reliance Energy for bidding for the proposed Rs 6,000-crore Hyderabad metro project.
Speaking to newspersons on the sidelines of the three-day Eurail 2005 exhibition held recently in Milan, Italy, Mr. A. Wennberg, Bombardier's Vice-President and Chief Technical Officer, said, "Talks are on with Reliance Energy. We expect to sign an agreement shortly."
He said he did not wish to disclose the equity that Bombardier will be holding in the joint venture.
Bombardier is one of the world market leaders in the total transit systems segment, with a 40 per cent global market share. "In the last two years, we bagged some significant projects, such as the management of two out of the three London Underground system and the construction of the new Rapid Transit System in South Africa," Mr Wennberg said.
While REL will be handling the power supply part of the project, Bombardier, a leading manufacturer of transportation solution ranging from regional aircraft and business jets to rail transportation equipment, will be handling the transportation aspect, including vehicle manufacturing. The metro project is proposed to be 56-km-long.
Bombardier's plans for India: He pointed out that if the Hyderabad project with REL came through, it would mean a significant step in Bombardier's future investments in India. The transportation major is attaching significant importance to the Hyderabad project, after it failed to bag the Delhi metro project and proposed Mumbai metro project.
In fact, Bombardier is looking for fresh investments in India in the rail transportation segment, after the successful manufacturing process of WAP5 and WAG9 locomotives in India and the new traffic management system for the Mumbai commuter rail system. The company has a manufacturing facility in Vadodara for production of propulsion components and rail control solutions.
Success in China: Bombardier's India strategy is akin to the one it has developed for China, where it has three joint ventures manufacturing metros, high-speed trains and coaches, as well as propulsion systems. The partnership approach that Bombardier implemented in China has led to the company leading several key projects in that country, such as the supply of 40 high-speed trains to the Chinese railways and the new people mover system to the Beijing airport.
Since the beginning of the transfer of technology process related to WAP5 and WAG9 locomotives in India, Bombardier has invested some $80 million in the country.
"As far as future investments in India are concerned, we can say at this moment that we will try to participate in all projects in India in which Bombardier technology demonstrates to be an adequate solution," Mr Wennberg said.
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text:
WeddingsThe Perfect Place to say "I DO"
Choose from our 3 exclusive wedding themes:
White-and-gold weddings are extremely elegant and pair well with any other hues and different textures, from the gold bands in the ring box to the sparkling white wine against the sunlight. Go for subtle gold on this special day - the colour of choice for victors and royalty. The stylish guests that grace the occasion can't help but think that the joy of being part of this wedding celebration is worth its weight in gold.
Celebrate your union with a white and red theme that never goes out of style. What says love better than red roses? This all-time favourite floral symbol of love both perfumes and accentuates the passion in the air and matches perfectly with all shades of white, from ivory to cream. There are generous touches of maroon in the colour combination because this crimson shade is closely associated with solidarity and good luck.
Transform your wedding into a magical fairyland with decoration that whispers sweet secrets into everyone's ears. Mingle with the well-wishes or toast by the VIP table where a glass-cradled matrimonial candle in the floral centerpiece adds warmth and charm. Aided by flowers in pink, purple, lilac and all shades in between, the party atmosphere echoes your love and dreams for the future.
In Villa Wedding Package
USD3688.00++ per couple
Hole 8 Wedding Package
USD3688.00++ per couple
Corporate EventsWith a paradise of lush greenery and the South China Sea as a background, and a host of activities on offer, Banyan Tree Bintan is the ideal location for any corporate retreat or corporate bonding event.
Banyan Tree Bintan will provide the inspiration for the agenda of your meeting with green surroundings that will offer fresh ideas and solutions. Whether it's an exclusive boardroom or a conference/meeting room, our meeting rooms can be specially configured to your needs.
Each of our meeting rooms can be equipped with:
• Whiteboard
• Flip chart
• Slide, data and overhead projectors
• TV/VCR (on rental basis)
• Microphone (on rental basis)
A comprehensive range of services and value-adds are provided. These include one night accommodation in an Ocean View villa, full day meeting package including lunch and two coffee breaks, complimentary Wi-Fi in the meeting room, and complimentary recreation activities like nature walks and beach football.
• One night accommodation with breakfast, complimentary Wi-Fi, pre-selected gallery gift
• Late checkout till 3:00pm (subject to availability), upgrade for organiser
• Return land transfers in Bintan & full day meeting package which includes lunch and two coffee breaks


text:
Tpetra Matrix/Vector Services Version of the Day
Matrix Market file readers and writers for sparse and dense matrices (as
CrsMatrix resp.
Matrix Market file readers and writers for sparse and dense matrices (as
CrsMatrix resp.
The Matrix Market (see their web site for details) defines a human-readable ASCII text file format ("Matrix Market format") for interchange of sparse and dense matrices. This namespace defines classes for reading and writing sparse or dense matrices from a Matrix Market file or input stream.
Matrix Market files are designed for easy reading and writing of test matrices by both humans and computers. They are not intended for high-performance or parallel file input and output. You should use a true parallel file format if you want to do parallel input and output of sparse or dense matrices. Since the Matrix Market format is not optimized for performance or parallelism, our readers and writers assume that the entire matrix can fit in a single MPI process. We do all the file input or output on MPI Rank 0. Distributed input matrices are gathered from all MPI processes in the participating communicator, and distributed output matrices are broadcast from Rank 0 to all MPI processes in the participating communicator.


text:
Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
1/5 Photos of Crunchy Devilish Wings (Baked)
Prep Time:
Cook Time:
10 mins
45 mins
This is from one of my favorite cooking shows 'Best Recipes Ever'
Units: US | Metric
Serving Size: 1 (268 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 6
Getting dinner on the table just got a whole lot easier.


text:
Now that Spring is just around the corner and the weather is warming up. The Maine Maple Producers Association has the schedule posted for Maine Maple Sunday which is March 23rd. Click on the link to find the activities near you.
Now that Spring is just around the corner and the weather is warming up. The Maine Maple Producers Association has the schedule posted for Maine Maple Sunday which is March 23rd. Click on the link to find the activities near you.
With hurricane Sandy approaching, listed below are resources to help you prepare for the storm. You should have a disaster supply kit ready and plenty of water. If your power should go out, it is good to be prepared ahead of time.
Maine Emergency Management Agency
Federal Emergency Management Agency
If your power should be out for an extended period of time please visit the University of Maine Cooperative Extension website to watch a video on How to Keep Food Safe After a Power Outage.
Halloween is almost upon us and can be an exciting time for children. To be sure children are safe while out trick-or-treating listed below are some safety tips from the Centers for Disease Control with helping you have a safe Halloween.
Be safe this Halloween and have fun!
Hey, Kids!
Try this recipe with
your parent(s).*
1 pound green beans, cut and steamed
4 large potatoes, diced and boiled
2 scallions
2 tablespoons oil
2 tablespoons vinegar
1 clove garlic, crushed
1 small onion, sliced
1/2 teaspoon oregano
Black pepper to taste
Makes 6 servings
*NOTE: Take care with kids in the kitchen! Children should always be watched by an adult when preparing food!
For more healthy recipes: http://maine.edu/food-health/recipes
So now that another storm has hit, you look at your refrigerator and see the list of items you need at the grocery store. As a parent, you may have a young child to take along and you may know that it can often be a challenge.
Here are some ideas to make shopping with your child easier, more enjoyable and less stressful.
When you take the time, a shopping trip can be a learning adventure for both a child and a parent. You may be surprised how much fun you can have and what your child can learn.
Tips for Grocery Shopping with Children
Supportive Things to Say to Parents and Children Under Stress
We can sympathize with the parent's frustration and anger; we also worry for the safety of the child. You may find yourself in a position to help. Some helpful things you could say or do to calm the parent and support the child are:
Try these ideas or share your own experiences when you take your child shopping with you.
It can be such a challenge to get kids to eat healthy food! Here are some tips to ease the "food fights" that can happen at meal time. Kate Yerxa, Extension Physical Activity and Nutrition Educator, suggests the following:
Be the eater you want your child to be.
Role Model by setting a good example. If you want your child to eat broccoli or other vegetables, you have to eat broccoli or other vegetables first. Children will eat foods they are familiar with. It is no surprise that kids will resist new foods. give them a chance to get used to the new food. When you begin eating the new food, describe the taste and smell so they will be curious to try it.
A parent's job is to offer healthy foods. A child's job is to try the foods that are offered. Do not create a battle or make rules over how much food children need to eat – your children will rebel. If you don't make a big deal out of what they eat (or don't eat) you will have an easier time.
Bring the kids into the kitchen.
Get your kids involved in all aspects of preparing a meal or snack from planning, preparing, serving and cleaning up.
Children who help in the kitchen will try more foods, gain confidence in their abilities, and also become more responsible.
Keep it plain because kids might not like foods mixed together or in a casserole, so begin by offering new
foods separately.
Table Time.
Make meal times pleasant by serving meals and snacks at the table and away from distraction. Focus on happy conversation, and not on the food.
Do not be a short order cook! If your child does not like dinner or does not eat what you have prepared, don't make a separate meal. Save the uneaten dinner in the refrigerator and reheat if your child is hungry later.
Offer a familiar food with the meal when you serve new foods at a meal or snack.
Keep servings small. Do not overwhelm your child by placing large amounts of food on their plate.
Remember to let your child listen to their own hunger and fullness cues and eat as much or as little as
they need of the good foods you provide to meet their needs.
Food is fun!
Let your child pick a new or favorite fruit or vegetable at the grocery store.
Try a new recipe and rename it with your child's name, such as "Macy's Roasted Potatoes" or Steve's Spinach Salad."
Make your plate colorful when you plan your meals by picking the colors for your plate. That will help your child have input into the meal and be excited about eating the rainbow on the plate!
It can be hard enough to eat healthy as an adult. Ellen Satter has done lots of research and has great ideas about family meal times and getting kids to eat. Her ideas might challenge you, including inviting you to make changes in the way you think about foods. Changing attitudes about new and healthy food is not always easy, but having fun and being a role model are among the first steps. Try making small, creative changes instead of trying to change everything at once. Once you and your child(ren) have tried broccoli, then on to another food challenge!


text:
Bill Clinton Promises A Hillary-McCain Lovefest GE
by Big Tent Democrat, Fri Jan 25, 2008 at 03:54:40 PM EST
If this is true, then the Clintons are promising more of the same triangulation of the 1990s:
"[Hillary] and John McCain are very close. They always laugh that if they wind up being the nominees of their parties, it would be the most civilized election in American history and probably put the voters to sleep," Bill Clinton said.
Excuse me Mr. President, but if that is the case, I see no reason not to nominate the unity schtick candidate who can actually get good press for his unity schtick.
If Hillary is not going to fight for Dem values against a John McCain candidacy, then what is the logic of nominating her?


text:
Since the fireplace is usually the most prominent feature in a room, it stands to reason that it should be given an extra amount of attention when it comes to the room's décor. Here are some ideas for adding color to your fireplace's mantel to accomplish this goal: Standout White – Regardless of the overall color of a room, a white mantel and surround … [Read more...]
Give Your Mantel Some Fresh Color
Create a Cozy Corner Around Your Radiant Gas Fireplace This Winter
A radiant gas fireplace just isn't right without a cozy corner to enjoy it in. That's why we wanted to help our customers create the perfect cozy corner to enjoy many days and nights alone with a good book, or with loved ones when the temperatures drop. For those nights when you want to treat yourself to a hot cup of cocoa or a hot toddy in front of the … [Read more...]
The Comfort of a Gas Fireplace Complements a Cozy Kitchen
With the growing popularity of open kitchen designs, the kitchen is becoming less of a sterile work space and more of a comfortable location in which to gather with family and friends. A gas fireplace can help create a pleasant and cozy place to enjoy coffee or desert. Here are some tips, courtesy of Valor Radiant Gas Fireplace. Space Considerations For … [Read more...]


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text:
Fact: Men are cleverer than women. Sort of
Matt Rudd 2008 04 20
Men are cleverer than women. Fact. Well, okay, not fact, as such. Men think they're cleverer than women, according to recent research by Professor Adrian Furnham of University College London. Whether we actually are is, he says, a different matter altogether. Intelligence is tricky to quantify – grey matter is a grey area, particularly when you're in a pub arguing about it with a woman. Still, if we're being honest and just look at things calmly, without getting our knickers in a twist, it's hard to dispute: men do have the edge. In many aptitude tests, we come out on top.
I, for example, know I am a better driver than you, dearly beloved. Yes, I have hit more things (a tree, a bollard, a whole hairy biker), but that's because I drive at a normal, sensible speed, and it was never my fault, officer. You drive so slowly, the tree has time to get out of the way.
I know I am better at assembling flat-pack furniture. I apply a calm, methodical, manly intelligence to the proceedings and get the job done. Ta-da. And no, you wouldn't have done it better, dear. That screw was a spare. The leg is supposed to be at an angle. Tables always wobble initially – it's just the wood settling. And because the floor isn't level.
I know I am a better cook. I can make an extremely complicated cassoulet, and people the length and breadth of the country talk in hushed, excited tones about my citrus brûlée. So what if it's the only meal I do and you are capable of having a different dinner on the table every night without even following a recipe. Anybody can do the basics, but men are better at the more, er, sophisticated stuff. And, for the record, the only reason it got burnt was because you didn't tell me it was a fan oven.
I know I can set up and operate an MP3 player/TV/lawn mower without reading the instructions. It was the manufacturer's stupid fault that the blade broke the first time I switched on the mower, not mine for not removing the safety lock. It should have had a label on it. Well, they ought to put the label somewhere more prominent.
I know I have better focus. I can apply a laser-like intensity to the task in hand – watching a film with explosions in it, ordering a pint, playing internet poker, reheating a pizza. What I can't do is lots of things at once. Jill of all trades, dearest, mistress of none. If you talk to me when The Bill is on, don't expect me to remember what you said. If you ask me to buy teabags from the supermarket while I'm looking for the car keys, don't be surprised when I come back with coffee.
You see. Men are smart, just differently so. We're specially intelligent. The sooner women accept that, the sooner we can all get back to what we were doing. What was I doing, honeybun?
See also
What Greece is Really Like (for Women)
Readers please email comments to: editorial AT martinfrost.ws including full name
|Note: martinfrost.ws contains copyrighted material, the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available to our readers under the provisions of "fair use" in an effort to advance a better understanding of political, economic and social issues. The material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research and educational purposes. If you wish to use copyrighted material for purposes other than "fair use" you must request permission from the copyright owner.


text:
With the synopsis of the
recode call, we stress the difference
between using this program as a file filter, or recoding many files
at once. The first parameter of any call states the recoding request,
and this deserves a section on its own. Options are then presented,
but somewhat grouped according to the related functionalities they
recode call
recode within Emacs
recode call
The general format of the program call is one of:
recode [option]... [charset | request [file]... ]
Some calls are used only to obtain lists produced by
recode itself,
without actually recoding any file. They are recognised through the
usage of listing options, and these options decide what meaning should
be given to an optional charset parameter. See section Asking for various lists.
In other calls, the first parameter (request) always explains which transformations are expected on the files. There are many variations to the aspect of this parameter. We will discuss more complex situations later (see section The request parameter), but for many simple cases, this parameter merely looks like(3):
where before and after each gives the name of a charset. Each
file will be read assuming it is coded with charset before, it
will be recoded over itself so to use the charset after. If there
is no file on the
recode command, the program rather acts
as a Unix filter and transforms standard input onto standard output.
The capability of recoding many files at once is very convenient. For example, one could easily prepare a distribution from Latin-1 to MSDOS, this way:
mkdir package cp -p Makefile *.[ch] package recode Latin-1..MSDOS package/* zoo ah package.zoo package/* rm -rf package
(In this example, the non-mandatory `-p' option to
cp is for
preserving timestamps, and the
zoo program is an archiver from
Rahul Dhesi which once was quite popular.)
The filter operation is especially useful when the input files should not be altered. Let us make an example to illustrate this point. Suppose that someone has a file named `datum.txt', which is almost a TeX file, except that diacriticised characters are written using Latin-1. To complete the recoding of the diacriticised characters only and produce a file `datum.tex', without destroying the original, one could do:
cp -p datum.txt datum.tex recode -d l1..tex datum.tex
However, using
recode as a filter will achieve the same goal more
recode -d l1..tex <datum.txt >datum.tex
This example also shows that
l1 could be used instead of
Latin-1; charset names often have such aliases.
In the case where the request is merely written as before..after, then before and after specify the start charset and the goal charset for the recoding.
recode, charset names may contain any character, besides a
comma, a forward slash, or two periods in a row. But in practice, charset
names are currently limited to alphabetic letters (upper or lower case),
digits, hyphens, underlines, periods, colons or round parentheses.
The complete syntax for allowable request allows for unusual things, which might surprise at first. (Do not pay too much attention to these facilities on a first reading.) For example, request may also contain intermediary charsets, like in:
meaning that
recode should internally produce the interim1
charset from the start charset, then work out of this interim1
charset to internally produce interim2, and from there towards the
goal charset. In fact,
recode internally combines recipes and
automatically uses interim charsets, when there is no direct recipe for
transforming before into after. But there might be many ways
to do it. When many routes are possible, the above chaining syntax
may be used to more precisely force the program towards a particular route,
which it might not have naturally selected otherwise. On the other hand,
recode tries to choose good routes, chaining is only needed
to achieve some rare, unusual effects.
Moreover, many such requests (sub-requests, more precisely) may be separated with commas (but no spaces at all), indicating a sequence of recodings, where the output of one has to serve as the input of the following one. For example, the two following requests are equivalent:
before..interim1..interim2..after before..interim1,interim1..interim2,interim2..after
In this example, the charset input for any recoding sub-request is identical
to the charset output by the preceding sub-request. But it does not have
to be in the general case. One might wonder what would be the meaning
of declaring the charset input for a recoding sub-request of being of
different nature than the charset output by a preceding sub-request, when
recodings are chained in this way. These strange usages might have a
meaning and be useful for the
recode expert, but they are quite
uncommon in practice.
More useful is the distinction between the concept of charset, and the concept of surfaces. An encoded charset is represented by:
using slashes to introduce surfaces, if any. The order of application of surfaces is usually important, they cannot be freely commuted. In the given example, surface1 is first applied over the pure-charset, then surface2 is applied over the result. Given this request:
recode program will understand that the input files should
have surface2 removed first (because it was applied last), then
surface1 should be removed. The next step will be to translate the
codes from charset before to charset after, prior to applying
surface3 over the result.
Some charsets have one or more implied surfaces. In this case, the
implied surfaces are automatically handled merely by naming the charset,
without any explicit surface to qualify it. Let's take an example to
illustrate this feature. The request `pc..l1' will indeed decode MS-DOS
end of lines prior to converting IBM-PC codes to Latin-1, because `pc'
is the name of a charset(4) which has
CR-LF for its usual surface.
The request `pc/..l1' will not decode end of lines, since
the slash introduces surfaces, and even if the surface list is empty, it
effectively defeats the automatic removal of surfaces for this charset.
So, empty surfaces are useful, indeed!
Both charsets and surfaces may have predefined alternate names, or aliases. However, and this is rather important to understand, implied surfaces are attached to individual aliases rather than on genuine charsets. Consequently, the official charset name and all of its aliases do not necessarily share the same implied surfaces. The charset and all its aliases may each have its own different set of implied surfaces.
Charset names, surface names, or their aliases may always be abbreviated
to any unambiguous prefix. Internally in
recode, disambiguating
tables are kept separate for charset names and surface names.
While recognising a charset name or a surface name (or aliases thereof),
recode ignores all characters besides letters and digits, so for
example, the hyphens and underlines being part of an official charset
name may safely be omitted (no need to un-confuse them!). There is also
no distinction between upper and lower case for charset or surface names.
One of the before or after keywords may be omitted. If the double dot separator is omitted too, then the charset is interpreted as the before charset.(5)
When a charset name is omitted or left empty, the value of the
DEFAULT_CHARSET variable in the environment is used instead. If this
variable is not defined, the
recode library uses an usual
charset which is installation dependent. When this variable is defined but
has an empty value, charset names may just not be omitted. Unless overriden
recode was installed, this usual charset is
Latin-1 for
Unix systems or
IBM-PC for MS-DOS machines.
If the charset name is omitted but followed by surfaces, the surfaces then qualify the usual or default charset. For example, the request `../x' is sufficient for applying an hexadecimal surface to the input text(6).
The allowable values for before or after charsets, and various surfaces, are described in the remainder of this document.
Many options control listing output generated by
recode itself,
they are not meant to accompany actual file recodings. These options are:
recode writes a language source
file on standard output and exits. This source is meant to be included
in a regular program written in the same programming language:
its purpose is to declare and initialise an array, named name,
which represents the requested recoding. The only acceptable values for
language are `c' or `perl', and may may be abbreviated.
If language is not specified, `c' is assumed. If name
is not specified, then it defaults to `before_after'.
Strings before and after are cleaned before being used according
to the syntax of language.
Even if
recode tries its best, this option does not always succeed in
producing the requested source table. It will however, provided the recoding
can be internally represented by only one step after the optimisation phase,
and if this merged step conveys a one-to-one or a one-to-many explicit
table. Also, when attempting to produce sources tables,
relaxes its checking a tiny bit: it ignores the algorithmic part of some
tabular recodings, it also avoids the processing of implied surfaces.
But this is all fairly technical. Better try and see!
Beware that other options might affect the produced source tables, these
-g and, particularly,
recode is run on Unix, where Latin-1 is the
usual charset, and that
DEFAULT_CHARSET is unset in the environment.
Suppose you have guessed that code 130 (decimal) of the unknown charset
represents a lower case `e' with an acute accent. That is to say
that this code should map to code 233 (decimal) in the usual charset.
By executing:
recode -k 130:233you should obtain a listing similar to:
AtariST atarist CWI cphu cwi cwi2 IBM437 437 cp437 ibm437 IBM850 850 cp850 ibm850 IBM851 851 cp851 ibm851 IBM852 852 cp852 ibm852 IBM857 857 cp857 ibm857 IBM860 860 cp860 ibm860 IBM861 861 cp861 cpis ibm861 IBM863 863 cp863 ibm863 IBM865 865 cp865 ibm865You can give more than one clue at once, to restrict the list further. Suppose you have also guessed that code 211 of the unknown charset represents an upper case `E' with diaeresis, that is, code 203 in the usual charset. By requesting:
recode -k 130:233,211:203you should obtain:
IBM850 850 cp850 ibm850 IBM852 852 cp852 ibm852 IBM857 857 cp857 ibm857The usual charset may be overridden by specifying one non-option argument. For example, to request the list of charsets for which code 130 maps to code 142 for the Macintosh, you may ask:
recode -k 130:142 macand get:
AtariST atarist CWI cphu cwi cwi2 IBM437 437 cp437 ibm437 IBM850 850 cp850 ibm850 IBM851 851 cp851 ibm851 IBM852 852 cp852 ibm852 IBM857 857 cp857 ibm857 IBM860 860 cp860 ibm860 IBM861 861 cp861 cpis ibm861 IBM863 863 cp863 ibm863 IBM865 865 cp865 ibm865which, of course, is identical to the result of the first example, since the code 142 for the Macintosh is a small `e' with acute. More formally, option `-k' lists all possible before charsets for the after charset given as the sole non-option argument to
recode, but subject to restrictions given in
pairs. If there is no non-option argument, the after
charset is taken to be the default charset for this
The restrictions are given as a comma separated list of pairs, each pair
consisting of two numbers separated by a colon. The numbers are taken
as decimal when the initial digit is between `1' and `9';
`0x' starts an hexadecimal number, or else `0' starts an
octal number. The first number is a code in any before charset,
while the second number is a code in the specified after charset.
If the first number would not be transformed into the second number by
recoding from some before charset to the after charset,
then this before charset is rejected. A before charset is
listed only if it is not rejected by any pair. The program will only test
those before charsets having a tabular style internal description
(see section Tabular sources (RFC 1345)), so should be the selected after charset.
The produced list is in fact a subset of the list produced by the
option `-l'. As for option `-l', the non-option argument
is interpreted as a charset name, possibly abbreviated to any non
ambiguous prefix.
recode ignores the format
value of the option, it writes a sorted list of charset names on standard
output, one per line. When a charset name have aliases or synonyms,
they follow the true charset name on its line, sorted from left to right.
Each charset or alias is followed by its implied surfaces, if any. This list
is over two hundred lines. It is best used with `grep -i', as in:
recode -l | grep -i greekThere might be one non-option argument, in which case it is interpreted as a charset name, possibly abbreviated to any non ambiguous prefix. This particular usage of the
-l option is obeyed only for
charsets having a tabular style internal description (see section Tabular sources (RFC 1345)).
Even if most charsets have this property, some do not, then option
-l cannot be used to detail these particular charsets. For knowing
if a particular charset can be listed this way, you should merely try
and see if this works. The format value of the option is a keyword
from the following list. Keywords may be abbreviated by dropping suffix
letters, and even reduced to the first letter only:
UCS-2 code values, and also a descriptive comment which should be
the 10646 name for the character.
The descriptive comment is given in English and ASCII, yet if the English
description is not available but a French one is, then the French description
is given instead, using Latin-1. However, if the
LANG environment variable begins with the letters `fr',
then listing preference goes to French when both descriptions are available.
-l is used together with a charset argument,
the format defaults to
recode, which are internally represented by an
data table. After the listing has been produced, the program exits
without doing any recoding. The output of is meant to be sorted, like
this: `recode -T | sort'. The option triggers
recode into
comparing all pairs of charsets, seeking those which are subsets of others.
The concept and results are better explained through a few examples.
Consider these three sample lines from
-T output:
[ 0] IBM891 == IBM903 [ 1] IBM1004 < CP1252 [ 12] INVARIANT < CSA_Z243.4-1985-1The first line means that
IBM891 and
IBM903 are completely
identical as far as
recode is concerned, so one is fully redundant
to the other. The second line says that
IBM1004 is wholly
contained within
CP1252, yet there is a single character which is
CP1252 without being in
IBM1004. The third line says
INVARIANT is wholly contained within
but twelve characters are in
CSA_Z243.4-1985-1 without being in
INVARIANT. The whole output might most probably be reduced and
made more significant through a transitivity study.
The following options have the purpose of giving the user some fine grain control over the recoding operation themselves.
Texte Easy French conventions, use the column :
instead of the double-quote " for marking diaeresis.
See section Easy French conventions.
IBM-PC charset. In this charset, characters 176 to 223 are used
for constructing rulers and boxes, using simple or double horizontal or
vertical lines. This option forces the automatic selection of ASCII
characters for approximating these rulers and boxes, at cost of making
the transformation irreversible. Option
-g implies
recode -v before..after < /dev/nullalso using the fact that, in
recode, an empty input file produces
an empty output file.
recode into using an alternate recoding path (yet using chained
requests offers a finer control, see section The request parameter).
charset may be abbreviated to any unambiguous prefix.
The following options are somewhat related to reversibility issues:
recode does not exit with a non-zero status if
it would be only because irreversibility matters. See section Reversibility issues.
Without this option,
recode tries to protect you against recoding
a file irreversibly over itself(7). Whenever an irreversible recoding is
met, or any other recoding error,
recode produces a warning on
standard error. The current input file does not get replaced by its
recoded version, and
recode then proceeds with the recoding of
the next file.
When the program is merely used as a filter, standard output will have
received a partially recoded copy of standard input, up to the first
error point. After all recodings have been done or attempted, and if
some recoding has been aborted,
recode exits with a non-zero status.
In releases of
recode prior to version 3.5, this option was always
selected, so it was rather meaningless. Nevertheless, users were invited
to start using `-f' right away in scripts calling
whenever convenient, in preparation for the current behaviour.
recode to return a non-zero exit status when irreversible
recodings are met.
This option is set automatically for the children processes, when recode
splits itself in many collaborating copies. Doing so, the diagnostic is
issued only once by the parent. See option
recode be very strict
while recoding a file, merely losing in the transformation any character
which is not explicitly mapped from a charset to another. Such a loss is
not reversible and so, will bring
recode to fail, unless the option
-f is also given as a kind of counter-measure.
-s without
-f might render the
recode program
very susceptible to the slighest file abnormalities. Despite it might be
irritating to some users, such paranoia is sometimes wanted and useful.
Even if
recode tries hard at keeping the recodings reversible,
you should not develop an unconditional confidence in its ability to
do so. You ought to keep only reasonable expectations about
reverse recodings. In particular, consider:
-s is specified.
IBM-PC to
Latin-1. End of lines are represented as
`\r\n' in
IBM-PC and as `\n' in
Latin-1. There
is no way by which a faulty
IBM-PC file containing a `\n'
not preceded by `\r' be translated into a
Latin-1 file, and
then back.
LaTeX charset file, the string `\^\i{}'
could be recoded back and forth through another charset and become
`\^{\i}'. Even if the resulting file is equivalent to the
original one, it is not identical.
Unless option
-s is used,
recode automatically tries to
fill mappings with invented correspondences, often making them fully
reversible. This filling is not made at random. The algorithm tries to
stick to the identity mapping and, when this is not possible, it prefers
generating many small permutation cycles, each involving only a few
For example, here is how
IBM-PC code 186 gets translated to
control-U in
Latin-1. Control-U is 21. Code 21 is the
IBM-PC section sign, which is 167 in
cannot reciprocate 167 to 21, because 167 is the masculine ordinal indicator
IBM-PC, which is 186 in
Latin-1. Code 186 within
IBM-PC has no
Latin-1 equivalent; by assigning it back to 21,
recode closes this short permutation loop.
As a consequence of this map filling,
recode may sometimes produce
funny characters. They may look annoying, they are nevertheless
helpful when one changes his (her) mind and wants to revert to the prior
recoding. If you cannot stand these, use option
-s, which asks
for a very strict recoding.
This map filling sometimes has a few surprising consequences, which some users wrongly interpreted as bugs. Here are two examples.
recode seems to copy a file without recoding it.
But in fact, it does. Consider you requested:
recode l1..us < File-Latin1 > File-ASCII cmp File-Latin1 File-ASCIIthen
cmp will not report any difference. This is quite normal.
Latin-1 gets correctly recoded to ASCII for charsets commonalities
(which are the first 128 characters, in this case). The remaining last
128 Latin-1 characters have no ASCII correspondent. Instead of losing
them, recode elects to map them to unspecified characters of ASCII, so
making the recoding reversible. The simplest way of achieving this is
merely to keep those last 128 characters unchanged. The overall effect
is copying the file verbatim.
If you feel this behaviour is too generous and if you do not wish to
care about reversibility, simply use option
-s. By doing so,
recode will strictly map only those Latin-1 characters which have
an ASCII equivalent, and will merely drop those which do not. Then,
there is more chance that you will observe a difference between the
input and the output file.
recode 437..l1 < File-Latin1 > Temp1 recode 437..l1 < Temp1 > Temp2so declaring wrongly `File-Latin1' to be an IBM-PC file, and recoding to Latin1. This is surely ill defined and not meaningful. Yet, if you repeat this step a second time, you might notice that many (not all) characters in `Temp2' are identical to those in `File-Latin1'. A few people try to discover how
works by experimenting a little at random, rather than reading and
understanding the documentation; such results are surely confusing,
as they provide a feel to those people that they understood something.
Reversible codings have this property that, if applied several times
in the same direction, they will eventually bring any character back
to its original value. Since
recode seeks small permutation
cycles when creating reversible codings, besides characters unchanged
by the recoding, most permutation cycles will be of length 2, and
fewer of length 3, etc. So, it is just expectable that applying the
recoding twice in the same direction will recover most characters,
but will fail to recover those participating in permutation cycles of
length 3. On the other end, recoding six times in the same direction
would recover all characters in cycles of length 1, 2, 3 or 6.
This program uses a few techniques when it is discovered that many
passes are needed to comply with the request. For example,
suppose that four elementary steps were selected at recoding path
optimisation time. Then
recode will split itself into four
different interconnected tasks, logically equivalent to:
step1 <input | step2 | step3 | step4 >output
The splitting into subtasks is often done using Unix pipes. But the splitting may also be completely avoided, and rather simulated by using memory buffer, or intermediate files. The various `--sequence=strategy' options gives you control over the flow methods, by replacing strategy with `memory', `pipe' or `files'. So, these options may be used to override the default behaviour, which is also explained below.
pipe(2) system call.
All copies of the program operate in parallel. This is the default
behaviour in filter mode. If this option is used when files are recoded
over themselves, this should also save disk space because some temporary
files might not be needed, at cost of more system overhead.
If, at installation time, the
pipe(2) call is said to be
unavailable, selecting option
-p is equivalent to selecting
In real life and practice, textual files are often made up of many charsets
at once. Some parts of the file encode one charset, while other parts
encode another charset, and so forth. Usually, a file does not toggle
between more than two or three charsets. The means to distinguish
which charsets are encoded at various places is not always easy.
recode program is able to handle only a few simple cases
of mixed input.
The default
recode behaviour is to expect pure charset files, to
be recoded as other pure charset files. However, the following options
allow for a few precise kinds of mixed charset files.
HTML or
charset, limit conversion to some subset of all characters.
HTML, limit conversion to the subset of all non-ASCII
characters. For
LaTeX, limit conversion to the subset of all
non-English letters. This is particularly useful, for example, when
people create what would be valid
HTML, TeX or LaTeX
files, if only they were using provided sequences for applying
diacritics instead of using the diacriticised characters directly
from the underlying character set.
While converting to
HTML or
LaTeX charset, this option
assumes that characters not in the said subset are properly coded
or protected already,
recode then transmit them literally.
While converting the other way, this option prevents translating back
coded or protected versions of characters not in the said subset.
See section World Wide Web representations. See section LaTeX macro calls.
except for parts, like comments and string constants, which are written
using another charset than
ASCII. When language is `c',
the recoding will proceed only with the contents of comments or strings,
while everything else will be copied without recoding. When language
is `po', the recoding will proceed only within translator comments
(those having whitespace immediately following the initial `#')
and with the contents of
msgstr strings.
For the above things to work, the non-
ASCII encoding of the comment
or string should be such that an
ASCII scan will successfully find
where the comment or string ends.
Even if
ASCII is the usual charset for writing programs, some
compilers are able to directly read other charsets, like
UTF-8 say.
There is currently no provision in
recode for reading mixed charset
sources which are not based on
ASCII. It is probable that the need
for mixed recoding is not as pressing in such cases.
For example, after one does:
recode -Spo pc/..u8 < input.po > output.pofile `output.po' holds a copy of `input.po' in which translator comments and the contents of
msgstr strings only
have been recoded from the
IBM-PC charset to pure
without attempting conversion of end-of-lines. Machine generated comments
and original
msgid strings are not to be touched by this recoding.
If language is not specified, `c' is assumed.
recode within Emacs
The fact
recode is a filter makes it quite easy to use from
within GNU Emacs. For example, recoding the whole buffer from
the IBM-PC charset to current charset (Latin-1 on Unix) is easily
done with:
C-x h C-u M-| recode ibmpc RET
The `C-x h' selects the whole buffer, and `C-u M-|' filters and replaces the current region through the given shell command. Here is another example, binding the keys `C-c T' to the recoding of the current region from Easy French to Latin-1 (on Unix) and the key `C-u C-c T' from Latin-1 (on Unix) to Easy French:
(global-set-key "\C-cT" 'recode-texte) (defun recode-texte (flag) (interactive "P") (shell-command-on-region (region-beginning) (region-end) (concat "recode " (if flag "..txte" "txte")) t) (exchange-point-and-mark))
Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.


text:
There's no pole position in the IZOD IndyCar Series – and perhaps the world – more prestigious than the pole for the Indianapolis 500.
Ryan Briscoe knows this and celebrates this. The winner of this year's Indy 500 pole takes a great degree of pride in being the fastest car over four laps on Saturday's Pole Day, which earned him the top spot in qualifying.
But Briscoe also knows it doesn't mean all that much when it comes to Sunday's 500.
"Winning the pole at Indy, I feel, means more than just the starting in the first position for the race," Briscoe said Monday during a media visit to Charlotte. "It's an achievement we're all very proud of, but it doesn't mean anything other than having won the pole."
Therein lies the dual nature of the Indy 500 pole: It's both awesome and meaningless at the same time.
Teams put days of work toward qualifying alone, and the prestige, pride and media attention that comes with being the pole winner is a tremendous boost.
And as team owner Roger Penske and four-time Indy 500 winner Rick Mears have told Briscoe: "There are two races at the Indy 500 – the first race is Pole Day and the second race is Race Day."
"Obviously Race Day means a whole lot more, but Pole Day is treated as its own event," Briscoe said.
On the other hand, all of that ends on Sunday when the green flag drops. Briscoe said with the new IndyCar chassis, it's actually easier to pass because "it feels like you can draft up a lot."
"You don't have to start on the front row to win the Indy 500," he said. "It's a long race – especially with this new car, there's going to be a lot of passing. ... And almost starting on the pole could be a disadvantage, because you're going to be a sitting duck right away."
So it's Mission: Accomplished for one of the two events. Now all Briscoe has to do is win the big one.


text:
HIS123: Atlantic World
European History Sources
Cambridge Modern History
Ref D 208 .N4
Especially volumes 6,7,8, which cover 1688-1793. Good for overall background.
Chronology of World History
Ref D 11 .M39 1999
Especially Volume 2: 1492-1775, The Expanding World
Longman Companion to Formation of the European Empire, 1488-1920
Ref D 217 .C46 2000
Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism
Ref D 217 .H57 1991
Facts on File Dictionary of European History, 1485-1789
Ref D 231 W54
Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia 2 vols.
Ref E 111 .C774 1991
American History Sources
Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies
This 3-volume set contains brief essays on issues relating to the North American Colonies. Some essays include brief bibliographies.
Revolutionary America, 1763 to 1800
Ref E 162 .P86 1994
Part of the "Almanacs of American Life" series; contains chronologies, tables, and maps.
American Eras
Ref E 169.1 .A4719 1998
Good overall background material. Vols. 1-3 cover pre-1600 through the American Revolution.
Dictionary of American History
Ref E 174 .A43 1976
Comprehensive, multi-volume encyclopedia of essays on a wide range of topics.
American Heritage Encyclopedia of American History
Ref E 174 .A535 1998
Oxford Companion to United States History
Ref E 174 .O94 2001
See, especially, the entries on "Revolution and Constitution, Era of," and "Revolutionary War."
Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates, 10th Edition
Encyclopedia of American History, 7th Edition
Ref E 174.5 .E52 1996
American Revolution, 1775-1783: An Encyclopedia
Ref E 208 .A433 1993
Two volumes of essays on over 800 topics; good coverage of all battles and biographies.
Abstracts and Indexes (Periodical Articles)
America: History and Life
This is the major scholarly index to the literature of U.S. history. Brief summaries accompany most of the articles listed.
Historical Abstracts
Comprehensive historical coverage of the world from 1450 to the present (excluding the United States and Canada). Brief summaries accompany most of the articles listed.
Humanities Full Text
This index covers the major scholarly journals in history, most of which are available in the F&M periodicals collection. The index can be searched electronically from 1983 to the present. Older volumes - under the title Humanities Index - are available in the Microforms Room.
Primary Sources & Websites
Pennsylvania Gazette
Weekly newspaper published in Philadelphia from 1728 - 1789.
Early American Imprints
(Evans Collection)
A collection of nearly 50,000 titles on microfiche; the full text of books, pamphlets and broadsides published in America in the years 1639 to 1800.
American Memory
(Library of Congress)
Links to collections at the Library of Congress; can search by topics or time periods.
Virtual Jamestown
An interactive guide to the Jamestown Colony.
Yahoo - History Menu
Links to web sites on exploration, Colonial America, and other topics from the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.
Last updated: 9/28/04 ag,
Tom Karel
for assistance, 291-3845


text:
WARSAW — Forensic testing has proven that two more victims of the 2010 plane crash in Russia that killed President Lech Kaczynski of Poland and 95 others were misidentified and buried in the wrong graves, Polish prosecutors said Wednesday.
The number of misidentified victims has now grown to six and highlights flaws in the handling of the crash's aftermath in Russia. Such errors are deepening Polish distrust of its historic foe, while also fueling Polish conspiracy theories about the cause of the disaster.


text: Hi all. I caught a pretty hellacious cold during my trip to Connecticut, and I am not going to have an ST&NO written for tomorrow. I worked my day job from home, and I'm just not feeling up to it. Sorry for any disappointment, but I will be back next week with an extra-special edition. Have a great week, and Go Broncos!!!


text:
Animal & Veterinary
BSE Cow in U.S. Triggers FDA, USDA Cooperative Response, New Rules Announced
by Jon F. Scheid, Editor
FDA Veterinarian Newsletter January/February 2004 Volume XIX, No 1
As soon as the U.S. authorities an- nounced on December 23 that a cow in Washington State apparently was infected with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), the first case in the U.S., officials from the Food and Drug Administration immediately joined with those from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to implement existing and pre-tested response plans. Many officials gave up most of their intended Christmas and New Year's holidays. But through their work, meat from the infected cow was traced and recalled, and more importantly, the potentially infectious material from the cow was stopped from further distribution, and kept out of the food and feed supply.
Here is an overview of the events that started when the presumptive positive cow was first discovered, and a description of the responsibilities and functions of FDA and USDA—how they work together to ensure the safety of public health.
USDA and FDA have separate roles that, together, were able to protect consumers and the U.S. cattle herd. While USDA went to work to track down the source herd of the infected animal and to recall meat that could have come from the animal, FDA's primary responsibility was to be sure the disease didn't spread via feed.
Scientists believe that BSE is transmitted from animal to animal only through feed containing infectious material. Scientists believe that protein in rendered products made from an infected cow can contain the infectious agent. Therefore, the underlying principal of the BSE feed rule FDA implemented in 1997 is that ingredients that could carry the infectious agent cannot be fed to cattle or other ruminants.
After the BSE-infected cow was discovered, FDA immediately sent investigators to any facility that might have handled the byproducts made from the infected animal, working cooperatively with rendering companies. Ultimately, FDA inspected and traced products related to the BSE positive cow at 22 facilities, including feed mills, farms, dairy farms, calf feeder lots, slaughter houses, meat processors, transfer stations, and shipping terminals.
The investigators were able to track all rendered products—approximately 2,000 tons—that could contain material from the infected cow. None of it was used in feed.
One factor aiding the investigation was that all of the facilities that handled the byproduct were in compliance with FDA's 1997 BSE feed rule. Dr. Stephen Sundlof, Director of the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine, said during a December 26 technical briefing for the press about the BSE case, "We inspect all facilities that handle ruminant protein on a yearly basis, and currently all of the firms that are located in Washington State are in compliance."
Implementation of the BSE Rule
When FDA implemented the BSE feed rule in 1997, the first step for the Agency was an education campaign, followed up with inspection and enforcement activities.
FDA has provided nationwide educational seminars on the feed rule, developed a CD-ROM for training, held teleconferences, developed guidances for different segments of the animal feed industry and for State and Federal inspectors, and published a variety of articles. In addition, FDA has met with industry trade groups to discuss coordination of educational efforts with affected parties. CVM has made its compliance program guidance, which describes the inspection process for Federal and State inspectors, available on its website so the rules and the tools FDA will use to enforce them are readily available.
FDA and States have identified all the feed mills, renderers and other firms that handle material that is prohibited from cattle feed under the BSE rule (so-called "prohibited material"). These firms will be subject to inspection at least once a year, and more often if violations of the rule are found. These firms are most critical to feed safety because they are the first to handle feed that can carry the BSE infectious agent.
When FDA finds a firm with a significant violation, it assigns the firm a status of "Official Action Indicated," which means that the firm must quickly address the violations and it will be subject to a prompt follow-up inspection.
Depending on the nature of the violation, a firm's products could be recalled, it could receive an FDA warning letter (which demands a response from the firm about how it will correct the violations), or it could find itself in court and facing a possible injunction.
From 1997 to the end of 2003, 47 firms had recalled a total of 280 products. 12 of the recalls occurred during 2003. Also, FDA has issued 63 warning letters. And the court has ordered one permanent injunction against a feed company.
The inspection and enforcement activity has resulted in a compliance rate greater than 99%.
New Rules
On January 26, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson announced four changes that will be made to the BSE feed rule that are designed to further tighten the restrictions to prevent BSE's spread.
- Mammalian blood and blood products will be prohibited from feed for ruminants. The previous exemption for pure porcine or equine products still exists, so porcine and equine blood meal collected at single species slaughter operations and processed using dedicated equipment can still be fed to ruminants.
- Poultry litter will be prohibited from ruminant feed. The major concern is that poultry feed containing prohibited material can spill into the litter, and then be consumed by cattle. Poultry litter is made of bedding, spilled feed, feathers, and fecal matter collected in poultry houses.
- Plate waste will be prohibited. Plate waste is excess meat that was prepared for human consumption, collected from restaurants and processed into a feed ingredient. Currently, inspectors have no way to determine whether processed meat in feeds came from plate waste or other sources. By eliminating this exemption, enforcement of the rule will be more effective.
- Feed production facilities must have separate equipment, facilities or production lines if they use prohibited protein for manufacturing feed for non-ruminant animals and also make feed for ruminants. This rule change will prevent cross-contamination of feed during processing.
Along with the new measures, FDA announced that it would boost inspections.
FDA itself intends to conduct 2,800 inspections, and States will conduct 3,100 contract inspections during 2004. States will also report on 700 additional inspections. FDA will be sure that 100% of all known renderers and feed mills that handle prohibited material are inspected.
Other Measures
FDA announced other changes concerning consumer products.
FDA will prohibit the use of material made from "downer" (cattle unable to walk) or dead cattle in any FDA-regulated human food, including dietary supplements, and cosmetics.
Specified risk material, which is the material most likely to contain the BSE infectious agent and is made up of cattle brain, skull, eyes, or spinal cord of animals 30 months or older, and a portion of the small intestines and the tonsils of all cattle, regardless of age, will be prohibited from FDA regulated food and consumer products.
Also, mechanically separated beef, which comes from a process designed to remove bits of meat from bones, will be prohibited from FDA products, because it may contain specified risk material.
The two agencies within USDA most directly involved with the response to the discovery of a BSE-infected cow in Washington State are the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), which has responsibility for animal disease surveillance, and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), which has the responsibility for ensuring the foods USDA regulates are safe.
Under USDA's response plan, implemented in 1996, APHIS personnel conduct routine surveillance on cattle coming to slaughter as well as take samples from animals that display signs of central nervous system disorder at slaughter. Samples are sent to the USDA's National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames , Iowa . Any positive finding at that laboratory is considered a "presumptive positive," and samples are sent to the United Kingdom 's Central Veterinary Laboratory, which is also known as the world reference laboratory, for confirmation.
The BSE positive cow was sampled as part of the routine sampling procedures. It was a "downer," believed to be suffering from the after effects of a difficult calf delivery. The sample was put in the routine queue for testing at the laboratory in Ames . The infected cow was slaughtered December 9. The sample arrived at the Ames laboratory on December 11. The first positive test result was found on December 22. The laboratory did confirmatory tests on December 23, which also indicated that the cow was positive. Later that day, Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman announced the "presumptive positive" finding.
The "presumptive positive" was confirmed on December 25 by the world reference laboratory in Weybridge , England .
With the finding of a positive cow, APHIS began a search for the birth herd of the infected cow and for any other animals that might have become infected with BSE.
BSE does not spread among animals by contact. Instead, the infectious agent is spread only through feed, scientists believe. So APHIS was looking for animals from the birth herd and other herds the infected animal had been in, because the animals from those herds could have been infected by consuming the same feed that infected the Washington State animal.
APHIS's epidemiological work progressed rapidly. Four days after Agriculture Secretary Veneman first announced the discovery of the infected animal, USDA had initial evidence to suggest that the animal came from Canada . Shortly after that, USDA discovered that the animal, born in April 1997, was older than the feed ban, which was begun in the U.S. and Canada in late 1997. The cow most likely received the infectious feed before the ban was implemented.
APHIS concentrated its epidemiological investigation on 81 cows imported to the U.S. from a dairy herd in Alberta , Canada , in 2001. Officials were able to trace a significant number of those animals and their offspring. Several were sacrificed and tested for BSE. All were found to be negative.
Meanwhile, FSIS began a "Class II" recall of meat that was produced at the slaughter plant the same day the infected cow was slaughtered. FSIS recalled 10,418 lbs. of meat distributed in Western and Northwestern states. FSIS did not believe the meat was unsafe, and the recall was done as a precaution, according to Dr. Ron DeHaven, USDA's Chief Veterinary Officer. "It's important to recognize that meat represents a minuscule risk, and it's only being recalled out of an abundance of caution," he said during a technical briefing of reporters on December 27, 2003 .
Also, as part of USDA's response plan, the Department held technical briefings almost daily during the first two weeks following the discovery of the BSE-positive cow. At the briefings, technical experts explained recent developments and answered reporters' questions.
USDA rule changes
In response to the discovery of the BSE-infected cow, USDA on December 30, 2003 , announced changes to its rules on meat.
- Meat from downer cattle would no longer be permitted in human food.
- Product from cattle tested for BSE would have to be held until tests confirmed that the cattle did not have BSE.
- Specified risk materials, which include skull, brain, trigeminal ganglia, eyes, vertebral column, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of cattle over 30 months of age and the small intestine of cattle of all ages, would no longer be allowed to enter the food supply.
- Material that could carry BSE infectivity could not be used in the process called "Advanced Meat Recovery," which is an industrial technology that removes muscle tissue from bone and beef carcasses under high pressure.
- Air-injection stunning, a process used in the slaughter plant, would no longer be allowed.
- Mechanically separated beef would no longer be allowed in human food.
[The following charts and out-takes go with the 'BSE Cooperative Response' article]
Compliance Rate for BSE Feed Rule Tops 99%
According to information from the BSE inspection database available on FDA's website, more than 99% of all firms that handle material prohibited from cattle rations are in compliance with the rule. Here are the statistics:
- Total inspections reported by FDA and States (as of 1/23/04 ) ................. 26,000
(About 70% of the inspections were conducted by State officials. FDA officials did the rest.)
- A total of firms inspected (as of 1/23/04 ) ...................................................... 13,672
- Total of firms handling prohibited material (as of 1/23/04 ) ......................... 1,949
- Total firms with significant violation of BSE rule (as of 1/23/04 ) ....................... 5
FDA BSE Response Plan
FDA has an overall BSE emergency response plan that coordinates with other Federal agencies, especially USDA. Each Center within FDA has part of the overall FDA plan. CVM's part of the plan focuses on communication and coordination with other agencies (Federal, State, and local) and with regulated industry.
FDA and CVM had tested their plans several times before the Washington State incident, so the plans would be free of glitches. When the incident occurred, FDA's and CVM's response plans worked well.
Once the BSE-positive cow was discovered, FDA's BSE response plan called for the Agency to immediately establish an Emergency Operations Center that served as a single point of contact for FDA's response. The center maintained contact with the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, with USDA's APHIS and FSIS agencies, and with other emergency centers as appropriate.
Also as part of FDA's emergency plan, FDA dispatched inspection teams to locate the byproducts that could have been made from the infected cow to make sure the material was not used in feed. The investigating teams were sent from FDA's Seattle District Office. The investigators successfully tracked down all byproducts that could carry the infectious agent, keeping the byproducts from entering the feed supply.
BSE in the U.S. – Timeline of Significant Events
December 9, 2003
Following standard protocols, USDA took samples from a Holstein cow, slaughtered at Verns Moses Lake Meats, Moses Lake, Washington, to test for BSE. The cow was a downer (non-ambulatory), but she had shortly before suffered complications from giving birth, and her difficulties walking were thought to stem from that. The samples were sent to USDA's National Veterinary Service Laboratories, Ames , Iowa . Because the animal had no signs of neurological disease at slaughter, the samples were not given high priority for BSE sampling
December 22, 2003
Preliminary tests at USDA's laboratory were positive for BSE, and the laboratory started further testing.
December 23, 2003
USDA's lab used the internationally recognized "gold standard" test on the samples, and confirmed the earlier positive finding. Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman in a press conference announced the "presumptive positive" result for BSE—the first case of BSE in the U.S. USDA immediately began traceback measures to find the meat from the BSE-suspect animal and initiatived a "Class II" recall of the meat from the entire day's slaughter at Verns Moses Lake Meats for the day the BSE-suspect cow was slaughtered. 20 animals had been slaughtered that day. The recall was for 10,410 lbs. of meat.
USDA also begins to trace of all animals that could have been infected at the same time as the cow in Washington State .
December 24, 2003
FDA announced that it had dispatched several teams of investigators to find any FDA-regulated products that were or could have been made from the infected cow, including animal feed.
December 25, 2003
The world reference laboratory in Weybridge , England , confirmed that the cow was infected with BSE.
December 27, 2003
USDA announced that the infected cow was mostly likely imported from Canada , and was probably born in April 1997, which was before the BSE feed rules were implemented in the U.S. and Canada .
FDA announced that all the potentially infectious material that could have gone into feed was found before any of it was used to manufacture feed. An estimated 2,000 tons of material was traced and kept out of feed.
December 30, 2003
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service announced a series of rule changes designed to keep suspected BSE animals out of the food chain. The rules included a ban on the use of downer animals and specified risk material.
December 31, 2003
FDA announced that it fully supports the safety policies announced by USDA.
January 6, 2004
USDA announced that DNA evidence proves that the BSE-infected animal came from a dairy farm in Alberta , Canada .
January 26, 2004
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced measures it is taking to increase safeguards against BSE in the U.S. , including changes to the 1997 BSE feed rule and restrictions on the use of material of bovine sources that could be used in products for human consumption.