text:
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Downhole tools from Ballantine, Vermeer, American Augers, Armadrillco, Melfred Borzall, INROCK, Railhead Underground Products, Sharewell, HammerHead Trenchless Equipment, Ditch Witch and Drillhead Directional.
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The Ogre stacked plate reamer performs in hard soil conditions including shale, sandstone, caliches and cobbles.
Copyright Oildom Publishing Company of Texas, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
This is a hard pill to swallow, but the Rays offense has not been terrible over the last 14 days:
Last 14 Days, AL Teams
So how can they have a 99 wRC+ and yet average 2.1 runs per game since visiting KC (3.0 runs over the last 14 days)?
Well, on the season, the offense has averaged about 7.2 runners LOB per game. Since KC, they've average 8.8 LOB. With the bases loaded, two outs, this team as a .139 BABIP and .377 OPS. Last year, they had a .405 BABIP and .959 OPS.
With the bases loaded, any outs, this team has a .632 OPS. But overall, the Rays have a .259/.330/.410 slash and .741 OPS. In the modern run environment, that's actually quite good.
But when the bases get juiced? Lately that has been a death knell. Players have been pressing, yes, but at some point events are going to cluster in a favorable way, and the Rays will finally have a chance to lose a game not because the offense couldn't close, but rather the bullpen couldn't.

subset: commoncrawl


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The First Lady is taking your questions! Reply with yours and she may answer it as part of a video Q&A.—
Michelle Obama (@MichelleObama) May 08, 2012
Perhaps Twitter should oblige her? Let's start with this.
Now, Kathy Griffin pulls a Bill Maher & attacks Bristol Palin. @BillBurton716 & @MichelleObama silent ==> twitchy.com/2012/05/08/oba…—
Michelle Malkin (@michellemalkin) May 08, 2012
Why the silence, Mrs. Obama? Are children not "off-limits?"
We are sure y'all have more questions for the First Lady.
#AskMichelle? Oh, heck yeah. RT @snarkandboobs RT @TwitchyTeam So, @MichelleObama wants your questions … twitchy.com/2012/05/08/mic…—
Teri Christoph (@TeriChristoph) May 08, 2012
#AskMichelle, it is.
Update: Mrs. Obama asks, Twitter answers.
Game on RT @snarkandboobs: @TeriChristoph @TwitchyTeam @MichelleObama Yup. #askmichelle—
Katy Abram (@katyabram) May 08, 2012
@TwitchyTeam @MichelleObama Why haven't you and the President condemned Elizabeth Warren's gaming of the "Diversity" system at Harvard?—
Sara (@SGLawrence) May 08, 2012
Dear @MichelleObama, do you approve of @BillMaher's misogynistic comments? If not, will you call on @Priorities2012 to give money back?—
Teri Christoph (@TeriChristoph) May 08, 2012
I'd like to #AskMichelle if it's hard to vacation so often? Does she get tired? @MichelleObama—
Teri Christoph (@TeriChristoph) May 08, 2012
So, @MichelleObama, why hasn't your husband fired Eric Holder yet, what with Fast and Furious and all?—
(@Cherrynimbus) May 08, 2012
@MichelleObama were you there when Reverend Wright damned America after 911?—
emd (@emdmde) May 08, 2012
@MichelleObama do you think Bill Ayers is an unrepentant terrorist? Do you denounce him?—
emd (@emdmde) May 08, 2012
#askmichelle how is the food in Spain? I can't afford to go on vaca there (or anywhere). Is it fun using my $ for extravagant trips?—
Katy Abram (@katyabram) May 08, 2012
Dear @MichelleObama: I'm volunteering at a soup kitchen tonight. Gucci or Prada? #AskMichelle—
Teri Christoph (@TeriChristoph) May 08, 2012
.@MichelleObama Is Barry as bad at passing a budget through your home as he is through the House and Senate? #AskMO #ASkMichelle—
el SOOPer (@SooperMexican) May 08, 2012
What?! Hashtag hijack? My schedule for the evening seems to have opened up. RT @GucciMama: Ooh! #AskMichelle is a thing? Squeal!—
Calvin Hernandez (@C_H813) May 08, 2012
Will you come to my house and make my kids' lunches for me? I'm too stupid to make good choices. #AskMichelle—
(@GucciMama) May 08, 2012
How am I supposed to be able to afford eating healthy when your husband keeps raising my taxes? #AskMichelle—
Leah (@gopfirecracker) May 08, 2012
#AskMichelle @MichelleObama, back when you cooked for Barack, how did he prefer his dog? Medium rare or well done?—
(@Cherrynimbus) May 08, 2012
#AskMichelle: What first attracted you to Barack — his oversized ego or his rampant narcissism?—
Teri Christoph (@TeriChristoph) May 08, 2012
If I buy all my junk food locally, is it ok to eat it? #AskMichelle—
Matt Cover (@MattCover) May 08, 2012
They never learn… RT @GucciMama: Ooh! #AskMichelle is a thing? Squeal!—
Aaron Worthing (@AaronWorthing) May 08, 2012
Keep them coming, Twitter. #AskMichelle is now trending in the United States. Yet another Twitter fail for the Obama administration.


text:
Town Square
Agency could end hospital's tax power
Original post made on Jan 12, 2012
Read the full story here Web Link posted Thursday, January 12, 2012, 10:59 AM
on Jan 12, 2012 at 12:13 pm
They at least need to explain the interaction between the private nonprofit and the public entity. If it's convenient for them to be public (such as getting taxes) then they're public. If it's convenient for them to be private (such as not disclosing salaries or buying a hospital miles from the district they're meant to serve) then they're private.
My understanding is that the public entity loses money but the private entity is profitable.
on Jan 12, 2012 at 5:05 pm
This debate re: district configuration and it's positive/negative attributes is long overdue. By all accounts, each time a new CEO is chosen by the elected Board of Directors, the interpretation of how a district operaties is altered to benefit the leadership style of the man/woman at the helm. As an employee, we have historically moved in an out of different labor laws and regulations that have contributed to employee confusion over rights within the work place. Out of touch leadership focuses on financial matters while descimating staff morale. Money continues to be exploited for various award applications, bus advertisings,workshops and projects without knowing the source of revenue covering these non essential hospital expenses. Many wonder where the money comes from and more importanly, why hopsital managers receive bonuses for revenue saved on various projects. What are the ethics of tying financial bonus awards with patient care and quality patient outcomes? Shouldn't that be a basic hospital premise. Kudos to the Grand Jury for taking on the chronic, subliminal manipulation of tax paying revenues. Investigating the books will undoubtedly reveal large profits made from the diversified structure currently in place. Steady income, otherwise obtained, should easily negate the hopsital's need for a tax based income. El Camino Hospital is NOT a poor institution.
on Jan 12, 2012 at 6:48 pm
First what about local control, we have a pretty good hospital, yes we have problems but who doesn't. We pay people to run our businesses top dollar, what about schools, hospital and other thing for the public run by the public/
Second what about the special/districts that are over the Bay Area, guess we have to give up the Open Space District. I can see later on we will give up on the School Districts, the Fire Districts and who know the cities.
I just think if we lose local control, we won't have people listen to us, well maybe but i don't figure someone who lives in the East Bay really care about our needs


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Creative graphic design and website development in Sunderland
Here at Rufus we're passionate about design. We love it, it really drives us. Based at our offices on the banks of the River Wear in Sunderland, we deliver a range of creative services to clients locally, regionally, nationally and occasionally even a little further. Oh and we have over 21 years experience in the industry.
We think - Research, creative briefings, doodles, planning, sketches, mood boards, conversations, concepts, idea generation, penny dropping, epiphany moments, trend discovery and opportunities.
We create - Brands, websites, brochures, reports, stationery, signage, exhibition and display graphics, illustration, audio visual media, e-marketing, interior design, marketing plans, photography, retail anthropology, anything visual and creative... even office furniture!
We connect - People to people and business to business. If we know of people information, organisations or funding streams that we think may be of interest to you, we will let you know. Connections are for sharing!


text:
Willamette University
900 State Street
Salem, Oregon 97301
503-370-6300 voice
An independent study advised by a faculty member(s) in either mathematics or economics (or both). Each student completes a research paper that demonstrates mastery of mathematical techniques; e.g., modeling or data analysis, as they apply to a topic in economics. Other activities include written and oral analysis of related work and oral presentation(s) of their paper.
General Education Requirement Fulfillment: Writing centered


text:
The Dallas Cowboys front office has preferred to let the judicial system determine Josh Brent's future with the franchise.
Cowboys public relations director Rich Dalrymple said the team had no comment regarding Thursday's news that Brent was in the Dallas County jail after apparently testing positive for marijuana last week.
Brent, who has been out on bail while awaiting trial on an intoxicated manslaughter charge from a Dec. 8, 2012 car crash that killed Cowboys practice squad linebacker Jerry Brown, is still on the team's roster and has been seen periodically around the Cowboys' Valley Ranch practice facility.
The 25-year-old defensive tackle did not participate in off-season workouts.
After the final day of organized team activities on June 13, Cowboys executive vice president Stephen Jones was asked about the team making a roster move involving Brent.
"Josh's situation is obviously one that will take care of itself," Jones responded. "He's working through his legal issues and I'm sure the NFL and the Cowboys at that point will know where we stand."
When asked why the Cowboys would keep a roster spot for Brent, Jones responded: "I don't have any comment other than what I said. We'll monitor what happens legally and go from there."


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The establishment payroll survey, known as the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, is based on a survey of approximately 144,000 businesses and government agencies representing approximately 554,000 worksites throughout the United States. The primary statistics derived from the survey are monthly estimates of employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation, States, and major metropolitan areas. Preliminary National estimates for a given reference month are typically released on the third Friday after the conclusion of the reference period in conjunction with data derived from a separate survey of households, the Current Population Survey (CPS). The reference period for the CES survey is the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
For more information about the CES survey, see the CES Technical Notes at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program is a monthly survey of business establishments (or jobs). CES produces estimates on the number of employees on nonfarm payrolls, average hourly earnings, average weekly earnings, and average weekly hours. The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a monthly survey of households (or people). The household survey produces estimates about the labor force, the employed, the unemployed, the unemployment rate, and demographic information about the employed and unemployed. More information about the differences between the CPS and the CES surveys is available at www.bls.gov/web/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
For more information about the CPS survey, see the CPS homepage at www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm.
The CES and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) programs are related but do not report the exact same information at the same frequency. The QCEW program publishes a quarterly count of employment and wages covering 98 percent of U.S. jobs, available at the county, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), State, and National levels by industry. The CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 554,000 worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls on a monthly basis.
Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax reports, submitted by nearly all businesses in the U.S., are used as both the input data for QCEW data and as the majority of the sample frame for the CES survey and cover almost all private industries and government agencies. CES employment figures are benchmarked each year in large part using data from the QCEW program because both programs use the pay period including the 12th of the month as the reference period for employment.
QCEW quarterly wages include total compensation paid during the calendar quarter to all workers; CES hours and earnings data are reported for all employees and for production or nonsupervisory employees in private industry who received pay (whether they worked or not) during any part of the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month. CES earnings do not include irregular bonuses or retroactive pay.
CES data are published 3 weeks after the week that includes the 12th of the month, typically the first Friday of the following month. QCEW data are published much later, approximately 6 months after the end of the reference period.
More information about the differences between the QCEW, CES, and other establishment-based employment measures is available at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewqtr.tn.htm. For additional information about the QCEW survey visit www.bls.gov/cew/cewover.htm.
The household survey administered by the Current Population Survey (CPS) program and establishment survey administered by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program both produce sample-based estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
More information about the differences between the two surveys is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
The Current Employment Statistics program administers the establishment survey and uses the data collected to produce monthly nonfarm payroll estimates. The types of data produced include the following:
All data are available not seasonally adjusted, and some data are available seasonally adjusted.
The Employment Situation report is released monthly, typically on the third Friday after the conclusion of the reference week, which is the week that includes the 12th of the month. A table of upcoming Employment Situation release dates is available at www.bls.gov/ces/ces_tabl.htm.
The BLS LABSTAT database, available at www.bls.gov/ces/data.htm, has only the latest published statistics. More information about how to access the BLS data using the data retrieval tools is available under Data Retrieval at (www.bls.gov/ces/cesfaq.htm#DataRetrieval).
CES does not keep a separate database of first-published numbers. However, preliminary estimates for some data types for a limited level of industry detail can be obtained from archived news releases available here www.bls.gov/schedule/archives/empsit_nr.htm, from the monthly online publication Employment and Earnings available here www.bls.gov/opub/ee/, or from the monthly revision tables available here www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnaicsrev.htm.
Current Employment Statistics employment data date back to 1939 at the highest levels of aggregation. Most detailed industries only date back to 1990, and all employee hours and earnings series began in 2006. For a complete list of start dates for NAICS-based all employee series, see www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesseriespub.htm.
Additionally, discontinued SIC-based employment estimates are available from 2003 going back to 1964 and in some cases as far back as 1939 or 1919. These series are not comparable with current CES NAICS-based series. To access these discontinued CES data, go to www.bls.gov/ces/data.htm. For more information about SIC coding of industries, visit www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics.htm#3.2.3.
Manufacturing and other goods-producing industries were the primary focus of early industry data produced by the BLS. Therefore, hours and earnings time series for these industries have a relatively long history. Data for Manufacturing and its broadest industry categories begin in 1939, and for Mining and Construction, in 1947. Prior to 1964, however, the collection of hours and earnings data for the Service-providing sector was limited to a few select industries. Given this incomplete industry coverage along with the size of the services portion of the economy, it was not possible to compute hours and earnings estimates for all of the private industries. Beginning in 1964, the collection of hours and earnings data for services was expanded to an extent sufficient to compute Total private hours and earnings estimates. These estimates were first published in 1967.
Discontinued SIC-based hours & earnings estimates are available from 2003 going back to 1964 and in some cases as far back as 1947 or 1939. These series are not comparable with current CES NAICS-based series. To access these discontinued CES data, go to www.bls.gov/ces/data.htm. For more information about SIC coding of industries, visit www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics.htm#3.2.3.
CES draws its sample and sets its benchmark employment level from the business establishment list maintained by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program. This universe for business establishments is based on Unemployment Insurance (UI) administrative records, so workers who are not covered by UI will not be captured. In Agriculture there are numerous exemptions to requirements for UI coverage, making the sample frame for Agriculture insufficient for calculating statistically sound estimates. In addition, a substantial number of Agricultural enterprises are self-proprietorships, which are out of scope for the CES survey.
Historically, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Census of Agriculture has been the primary survey used to measure farm labor. The Census of Agriculture is available at www.agcensus.usda.gov/index.php.
Some BLS data about Agricultural employment can be obtained from the QCEW (www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm), Current Population Survey (www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm), and Occupational Employment Statistics (www.bls.gov/oes/home.htm) programs.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program is examining the feasibility of publishing monthly CES employment, hours, and earnings estimates by firm size. Currently, BLS publishes the first preliminary CES employment estimates for a given month at selected industry detail. Subsequent estimates for that month are published in more industry detail with the following month's first estimates. Research suggests that the available sample may make it feasible to publish monthly size-class employment estimates by major industry sector together with the first preliminary estimates. Employment change by firm size would add a valuable dimension of detail to understanding current employment trends. More information about the experimental CES size class series is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cessizeclass.htm.
Some data by size of establishment are also available from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm) program.
CES estimates are categorized by ownership and industry. Respondents are assigned an ownership code — private or public with public ownership further divided into Federal, State, or local. Respondents are then assigned a North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code. NAICS codes group establishments into industries based on the activity in which they are primarily engaged. Establishments using similar raw material inputs, similar capital equipment, and similar labor are classified in the same industry. More information about NAICS codes in general is available at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm. More information about NAICS codes in the CES program is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics.htm.
CES survey respondents are categorized by Unemployment Insurance (UI) accounting code, location, ownership, size, and reporting unit. Each business has also been categorized into a certain industry by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code. Establishments are stratified by UI account number for the purpose of sample allocation and selection. The sample strata, or subpopulations, are defined by State, metropolitan statistical area, industry, and employment size, yielding a State-based design. Thirteen industries (treating Manufacturing as one industry and not including Government) and 8 size classes result in 104 total allocation cells per State.
More information about these categories and how they are used to draw the CES sample of establishments is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section1a.
After 60 years of use, CES retired the SIC system and replaced it with the NAICS. NAICS is the product of a collaborative effort between the United States (U.S.), Canada, and Mexico. A classification system shared across the three countries allows direct comparison of economic data across borders in North America.
NAICS codes are not related to SIC codes; rather NAICS is a completely redesigned way of coding industries. NAICS recognizes hundreds more businesses than SIC did, largely in the fast-growing service sector.
The U.S. Census Bureau issued a notice, available at www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/federal_register_notices/notices/fr09ap97.pdf, making NAICS effective in the U.S. in April 1997 and published the first NAICS U.S. manual in mid-1998. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) did not transition to the first version of NAICS, NAICS 1997. Instead, NAICS 2002 was the first version implemented by BLS, and the CES program converted from SIC to NAICS in June 2003. Reviews of NAICS are scheduled every five years; NAICS 2012 is the most current version.
More information about NAICS in the CES program is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics.htm. More information about the CES conversion from SIC to NAICS 2002 is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics02.htm.
The U.S. Census Bureau reviews and updates NAICS codes every 5 years. Once these updates are available to BLS, CES converts all estimates to these revised NAICS codes. The most current version is NAICS 2012. More information about NAICS 2002, NAICS 2007, and NAICS 2012 is described and linked below.
With the release of January 2012 data on February 3, 2012, CES updated the National nonfarm payroll series to the NAICS 2012 from the NAICS 2007 basis. The conversion to NAICS 2012 resulted in minor content changes within the Manufacturing and the Retail trade sectors, as well as minor coding changes within the Utilities and the Leisure and hospitality sectors. Several industry titles and descriptions also were updated. All employee (AE) series are published at a more detailed level than all employee hours and earnings, production employee, women employee, or production employee hours and earnings series, collectively called non-AE series. The non-AE series were sometime unaffected or affected at a less-detailed level than the AE series.
Further information about the NAICS 2012 conversion for both the AE and non-AE series is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics12.htm.
The full concordance between NAICS 2007 and NAICS 2012 codes is available through the US Census Bureau at www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/concordances/2012_to_2007_NAICS.xls.
With the release of January 2008 data on February 1, 2008, the CES National nonfarm payroll series updated to the NAICS 2007 from the NAICS 2002 basis. The conversion to NAICS 2007 resulted in minor definitional changes within Manufacturing, Telecommunications, Financial activities, and Professional and technical services. Several industry titles and descriptions also were updated.
Further information about the NAICS 2007 conversion is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm.
The full concordance between NAICS 2002 and NAICS 2007 codes is available through the US Census Bureau at www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/concordances/2007_to_2002_NAICS.xls.
With the release of May 2003 data on June 6, 2003, the CES National nonfarm payroll series underwent a number of changes. The basis for industry classification changed from the SIC 1987 to the NAICS 2002. NAICS replaced the SIC system. The CES survey published National data on a NAICS 2002 basis with the release of May 2003 data on June 6, 2003. SIC-based data is no longer produced or published; it is still be available but not updated past April 2003.
Further information about the NAICS 2002 conversion is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics02.htm.
The full concordance between SIC and NAICS 2002 codes is available through the US Census Bureau at www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/concordances/2002_NAICS_to_1987_SIC.xls.
CES data are published monthly, but are also available as historical time series. The data are available as part of a monthly news release, as a searchable database, and in text format. The table below lists the ways to download CES data from www.bls.gov/ces/home.htm. More information about retrieving CES data is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cestips.htm. Archived editions of Employment and Earnings Online are available from April 2007 forward here: www.bls.gov/opub/ee/archive.htm. Earlier back issues are kept at federal depository libraries.
To join the BLS e-mail subscription service that provides excerpts from and links to The Employment Situation, Real Earnings, and other BLS news releases of interest, visit the BLS News Service Subscription E-mail page, available at subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new.
|Please Note:
Employment & Earnings news release
|The data are not at the most detailed industry levels.
|HTML table
Real Earnings
|Data are adjusted for inflation to 1982-84 dollars.
|HTML table
CES top picks
|The data are not at the most detailed industry levels, time periods can be adjusted to include more than 10 years, and only seasonally adjusted data are included in the list.
|HTML table or Excel (.xls) download
One Screen Data Search
|JAVA must be installed on your computer and pop-up blockers must be turned off. Choose each option in order of the red numbers. Time periods can be adjusted to include more than 10 years, both seasonally and not seasonally adjusted data are included, graphs can be automatically generated, and the table format can be changed.
|HTML table or Excel (.xls) download
Multi-screen Data Search
|If you do not have JAVA, this tool will search the same data base as the One Screen Data Search. Time periods can be adjusted to include more than 10 years, both seasonally and not seasonally adjusted data are included, graphs can be automatically generated, and the table format can be changed.
|HTML table or Excel (.xls) download
Text Files
|Only seasonally adjusted data are included.
|Text files
BLS requires that all published Current Employment Statistics (CES) estimates meet strict quality and privacy guidelines. These guidelines are designed to ensure that there is adequate sample to produce statistically sound estimates and protect the confidentiality of our survey respondents. CES estimates are subject to annual review to determine if they meet BLS publication and disclosure standards. Failure to meet the standards may stem from inadequate sample size, inadequate sample response rates, or dominance of the sample by a few reporters. A list of the most recent changes to published CES series is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnewseries.htm, and a complete list of currently published CES series is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesseriespub.htm.
The mission of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is to collect, process, analyze, and disseminate essential statistical data to the American public, the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, State and local governments, business, and labor. In order to maintain credibility and trust with our survey respondents, confidentiality protections for our data are essential. Protecting the confidentiality of data is central to accomplishing the BLS mission.
When collecting data, the BLS makes a pledge of confidentiality to its respondents. This pledge varies depending on the context of each survey, but the standard BLS confidentiality pledge promises that data collected are used for statistical purposes only. Information about the BLS confidentiality policy and the laws that protect reporters to BLS surveys can be found here: www.bls.gov/bls/confidentiality.htm.
Researchers can get access to Bureau of Labor Statistics microdata under certain circumstances. Information about qualifying for the program and the application process through which access may be granted can be found here: www.bls.gov/bls/blsresda.htm.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey collects earnings data for private nonfarm business establishments, excluding Government. To calculate the real earnings series, these nominal dollar earnings estimates for all employees (AE) back to 2006 and for production and nonsupervisory employees (PE) starting as early as 1964 (depending on the industry) are adjusted for inflation using 1982-1984 dollars. The data are available on our website at www.bls.gov/ces/data.htm. Click on "CES Data Access Tips" for further instructions.
CES does not collect or publish Government hours or earnings data. Government earnings data are available from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program. QCEW provides annual, quarterly, and weekly wage data for various private and government industries based on Unemployment Insurance tax reports. QCEW wage information can be found at www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm. CPI price index information can be found at www.bls.gov/cpi/home.htm.
The BLS does not publish average payroll frequency of establishments. However, the CES survey does adjust for different payroll frequencies which can affect seasonally adjusted hours and earnings estimates. More information about CES seasonal adjustment methodology can be found at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section5.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) sample is a stratified, simple random sample of worksites, clustered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) account number. The UI account number is a major identifier on the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Longitudinal Database (LDB) of employer records, which serves as both the sampling frame and the benchmark source for the CES employment estimates. The sample strata, or subpopulations, are defined by State, industry, and employment size, yielding a State-based design. The sampling rates for each stratum are determined through a method known as optimum allocation, which distributes a fixed number of sample units across a set of strata to minimize the overall variance, or sampling error, on the primary estimate of interest. The Total nonfarm employment level is the primary estimate of interest, and the CES sample design gives top priority to measuring it as precisely as possible, or minimizing the statistical error around the National Total nonfarm employment estimates.
Information about the current CES sample can be found in the CES Technical Notes available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section1.
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the Total nonfarm estimates. More information about error in the CES survey and measurements of the error associated with sample estimates are available in the CES Technical Notes at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section1c.
Yes, about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the Total nonfarm employment estimates for each State; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve this goal. Sample data are weighted to represent other establishments in the same State, industry, and size class. More information about the sampling methods used for the CES survey is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section1a.
The CES government sample is not part of the probability-based survey design. CES is able to achieve a very high percent of universe employment coverage (75 percent) by obtaining full payroll employment counts for many government agencies, thus a probability-based sample design is not necessary for Government. The high coverage rate virtually assures a high degree of reliability for the Government employment estimates. The large Government sample does not bias the Total nonfarm employment estimates because it is used to estimate only the Government portion of Total nonfarm employment. The probability sample is used to estimate employment for all industries in the private sector. Total private and Government estimates are summed to derive Total nonfarm employment estimates.
More information about coverage levels of both private and government employment in the CES sample is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section1b.
Each month, BLS collects data on employment, payroll, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. To encourage participation in this voluntary survey, BLS uses a variety of collection techniques, tailored to individual firm preferences. Data collection centers perform initial enrollment of each firm via telephone, collect the data for several months via Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI), and where possible transfer respondents to a self-reporting mode such as touch-tone data entry, fax, or web collection. Very large, multi-establishment firms' ongoing reporting is established via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). Firms using EDI provide electronic files to BLS that include data from all their worksites.
More information about CES data collection is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section2.
CES tracks collection rates for the CES sample on a monthly basis for each release of estimates. Collection rates are the percent of reports received for a monthly estimate compared to the total number of actively-reporting sample units on the sample registry.
More information about registry receipts is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section6.
More information about CES data collection rates is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesregrec.htm.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program uses a matched sample concept and weighted link relative estimator to produce employment, hours, and earnings estimates. A matched sample is defined to be all sample members that have reported data for the reference month and the month prior. Excluded from the matched sample is any sample unit that reports that it has zero employees in the current or previous month.
More information about CES monthly estimation is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section5a.
Links to the equations for the calculation of CES monthly estimation of employment, hours, and earnings are listed in the table below.
|Equation Title
|Equation Location
Equation 4. All employees
Equation 5. Production and nonsupervisory employees
Equation 6. Average weekly hours
Equation 7. Average hourly earnings
CES employment is an estimate of the number of nonfarm, payroll jobs in the U.S. economy. Employment is the total number of persons on establishment payrolls employed full- or part-time who received pay (whether they worked or not) for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month. Temporary and intermittent employees are included, as are any employees who are on paid sick leave, on paid holiday, or who work during only part of the specified pay period. A striking employee who only works a small portion of the survey period, and is paid, would be included as employed under the CES definitions. Persons on the payroll of more than one establishment are counted in each establishment. Data exclude proprietors, self-employed, unpaid family or volunteer workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Persons on layoff the entire pay period, on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who have a pending job but have not yet reported for work are not counted as employed. Government employment covers only civilian employees; it excludes uniformed members of the armed services.
For more information about CES employment, see the CES Technical Notes at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section4a.
The definition of employment in the Current Population Survey (the household survey) is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/faq.htm#Ques4.
CES draws the survey sample from roughly 9 million U.S. business establishments covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system representing 97 percent of all employment within the scope of CES in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Excluded from the CES scope, although they are included in the list of establishments covered by UI taxes, are private households and agricultural businesses.
The remaining 3 percent of establishments included in the CES scope that are not covered by UI laws are students paid by their school as part of a work study program, interns of hospitals paid by the hospital for which they work, employees paid by State and local government and elected officials, independent or contract insurance agents, employees of non-profits and religious organizations (this is the largest group of employees not covered), and railroad employees covered under a different system of UI administered by the Railroad Retirement Board (RRB). More information about noncovered employment and the methodology used to include this employment in the CES estimates can be found in the CES Technical Notes at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#NCE.
The CES data also exclude proprietors, the unincorporated self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family employees, farm employees, and domestic employees. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Defense Intelligence Agency also are excluded.
The production and nonsupervisory employee groups vary by industry. In service-providing industries, these data are collected for nonsupervisory employees — those who are not owners or who are not primarily employed to direct, supervise, or plan the work of others.
In Goods-producing industries, the data are collected for production employees in Mining and logging and in Manufacturing, and for construction employees in Construction. Production and construction employees include working supervisors or group leaders who may be "in charge" of some employees, but whose supervisory functions are only incidental to their regular work. The production employee/construction employee categories in Goods-producing industries exclude employees not directly involved in production, such as managers, sales, or accounting personnel.
More information about which employees are included or not included in the definitions of all employees and production and nonsupervisory employees is available on the CES report forms at www.bls.gov/ces/idcfcesforms.htm, or in the CES Technical Notes, available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section4a.
Yes, the CES survey captures counts of all employees on the payroll, including part-time employees. However, part-time employees are not counted separately from full-time employees, so CES data does not include separate estimates of part- and full-time employment.
The Current Population Survey (CPS) does have a separate estimate of part-time employees. More information about CPS collection of full- and part-time employment is available at www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#fullpart.
It is likely that the CES survey includes at least some undocumented immigrants. However, the establishment survey is not designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in the survey.
The Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey, does include questions which identify the foreign and native born employees, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born employees. More information about foreign born employees in the CPS survey is available at www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#foreignborn.
BLS is unable to quantify the impact of reservists being called to active duty in CES employment figures. In concept, persons on active military duty for the entire survey reference period are not included on employer payrolls. Some reservists hold jobs not covered by the payroll survey — such as the self-employed or those in agriculture — and others may not hold jobs at all. Any reservist who worked for or received pay from their regular employer during the survey reference period is counted on the employer's payroll. If reservists are replaced by new employees on an employer's payroll during the pay period including the 12th of the month, there is no net change in the number of jobs counted. If reservists are not replaced, a net decline in the employer's job count results. If a reservist and a replacement employee for the reservist each worked at any time during the same reference pay period, they are counted as two employees.
Government employment includes only civilian employees. Military personnel on active duty are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Defense Intelligence Agency also are excluded.
Establishments report the number of persons on payroll during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. A person working multiple jobs at different establishments is counted once at each establishment. A person working different jobs at the same business establishment is counted once.
Unusually severe weather, natural disasters, government shutdowns, and other catastrophic events are more likely to have an impact on CES estimates of average weekly hours than on employment. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. Any event in which employees are prevented from working a normal schedule typically results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
In order for catastrophic events to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to be out of work without pay for the entire pay period. About two-thirds of all employees in the payroll survey have a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. Because the hours that employees work can be impacted by these special circumstances, but those employees might still be counted as employed by an establishment if they were paid for work done during a portion of the pay period, it is not possible to quantify the effect of catastrophic events on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.
In addition to their direct impact, these events sometimes have secondary effects. When the magnitude of significant secondary effects are known these secondary effects are discussed in the monthly Employment Situation news release and other BLS publications.
BLS independently develops a National employment series; State estimates are not forced to sum to National totals. Because each State series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the National series, summing them cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a volatile error structure.
More information about the differences in State and National CES estimates is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section4e.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program produces earnings, but not wage data. CES average earnings are a measure of gross payrolls divided by total hours paid during the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the return to an employee for a stated period on average in an industry; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time in a specific job. Average hourly earnings do not represent employers


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