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Take the "Cold" out of Cold Cuts and Put Back the "Hot" in Hot Dogs
We've blogged a lot about listeria and avoiding it is a good idea, in the neighborhood of "breathing is a good idea." The CDC, in an article reported by Elizabeth Weise in USA Today Wednesday, is recommending a couple of things in connection with cold cuts, including hot dogs, for those over 50, and in particular those over 65, to avoid listeria:
- Reheat them to 165 degrees Fahrenheit just before eating
- Don't keep them in the refrigerator longer than five days after opening
Which kind of takes the "cold" out of cold cuts, doesn' t it?
Ms. Weise's article then goes on to explain what a change this would be in the behavior of people who are often dependent on lunch meats as a relatively inexpensive source of protein, and to question where the source of this advice is coming from. The CDC, for its part, notes that listeria doesn't go away when refrigerated and doesn't give either visual or olfactory clues to its presence. The industry response is that consumers should look for products containing antimicrobials like sodium lactate or potassium lactate.
As the article implies, this advice is counterintuitive for many people. Moreover, as one person quoted in the article points out, the placing of the label of "risky" on such an ordinary item takes away some of life's enjoyment as well. That is not to deny that the risk is real, but it is akin to a "Black Swan" event whose probability may be low but where the consequences of the event occurring are high and can change the way we think. Pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are at high risk, but constitute a more discrete part of the population that is generally more likely to consider itself in need of health information. I'm 54 and don't think of myself as at extra risk of this kind of food-borne illness.
On the other hand, I haven't eaten any cold cuts or hot dogs since I started getting a reaction to them while still in my 30s.
ACI Food-Borne Illness Conference in Chicago October 27 - 28, 2010
American Conference Institute ("ACI") will hold its 4th National Conference on Food-Borne Illness Claims in Chicago, October 27 to 28. Highlights of this year's conference will include:
• Appearances by a number of current and former high-level regulators such as Dr. Arthur Liang from CDC, Dr. David Goldman from USDA, Dr. David Acheson formerly of FDA, Dr. Bob Brackett formerly of CFSAN, Jack Guzewich from FDA, Dr. Bill Keene from Oregon Public Health Division and Benjamin Miller from Minnesota Department of Agriculture
• Mock witness examination of a testifying epidemiologist
• Insights from of the nation's top in-house and outside food-borne illness counsel
The complete conference brochure can be linked here.
Unfortunately, my schedule won't allow me to join the conference this year (I've spoken at the first three ACI national conferences on food-borne illness). But I can arrange for a conference discount. Just give me a call (206-386-7595) or send me an email.
CDC Sees "Sustained Decline" for 2009 in Reported Rates of Food-Borne Illness, but Is This Real?
A somewhat surprising report out this week by the CDC reports for 2009 "sustained declines in the reported incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, Shigella, and Yersinia." Only Vibrio seems on the rise. For E.coli O157:H7 infections, the CDC claims its "Healthy People 2010 target" was met.
The chart below shows the trend lines since 1996 in the reported incidence for many of these pathogens:
FIGURE 1. Relative rates of laboratory-confirmed infections with Campylobacter, STEC* O157, Listeria, Salmonella, and Vibrio compared with 1996-1998 rates, by year -- Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), United States, 1996-2009†
While the news sounds good,(see Rick Goldfarb's detailed analysis of the implications of the 2009 report for context) other factors could be at play that give only the appearance of a safer food system. One explanation can be found in a CDC report from 2009 that "in 2009, 10% fewer epidemiologists were working in state health departments than in 2006." The data the CDC has is only as good as the capacity the state health departments have on the ground to collect it. Fewer epidemiologists means fewer investigated food-borne illnesses. Fewer investigated food-borne illnesses means fewer reported food-borne illnesses. Fewer reported food-borne illnesses, therefore, does not necessarily mean the existence of fewer food-borne illnesses.
PepsiCo Developing "Designer Salt" in Effort to Reduce Sodium Content
Sodium content issues continue to be a hotbed of activity in the food industry. Hot on the heels of the New York City-led National Salt Reduction Initiative (which we blogged about here), an article in the Wall Street Journal gives us an indication on how one major brand is responding to the pressure to reduce the sodium content in its products.
PepsiCo Inc., which manufacturers the popular Lay's brand potato chips, is developing a new "designer salt" with crystals shaped and sized in a way that reduces the amount of sodium consumers ingest while snacking. PepsiCo's hope is that this innovation will cut sodium in its Lay's Classic brand by 25%, and perhaps even more in its seasoned chips. This move is also consistent with PepsiCo's stated goal of reducing the sodium in its snack products by 25% by 2015. PepsiCo anticipates it could take up to two years before the new salt is introduced in the marketplace.
This effort reflects a growing recognition within the food industry of the pressure to reduce salt content. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most Americans consume more than twice their recommended daily limit of sodium. Excessive salt intake has been linked to a litany of health problems, including high blood pressure and heart disease. The challenge for food manufacturers (specifically those who manufacture processed foods, which are the source of most of the sodium Americans consume), as the Wall Street Journal points out, is that any adjustments to sodium content will have an impact on the overall taste profile of the product. Thus, manufacturers must strike a delicate balance between health concerns and the marketability of their products to target consumers. With new U.S. dietary guidelines due to be released this year and rumblings that sodium intake recommendations will be lowered by a significant degree, we will continue to monitor this issue.
Food Liability 2010: More of the Same and Landmark Change?
We're in the "crystal-ball" season—time to look forward and assess what's coming in 2010 and beyond. The most likely scenario: more of the same and landmark change.
More of the Same
The last few years have seen growth in both the number of food-borne illnesses detected and the variety of foods affected. This is because more resources are being put into detection (though the CDC recently reported an overall decline in epidemiological capacity by the states) and technology is continuing to advance (think Next Generation Sequencing). There's little reason to believe these trends will abate in 2010. Expect more outbreaks. Expect to hear about recalls of products not previously implicated in food-borne illness.
Landmark Change
Nobody doubts that we're in the midst of the most significant legislative and regulatory changes in food safety in generations. Most believe that Congress will pass some form of food safety legislation (e.g., S 510 or HR 2749) in the new year. It will likely include the most comprehensive food safety reform in decades. Among other things, this legislation is likely to give FDA mandatory recall power and great authority for risk-based inspections, and require FDA to create a traceability program.
FDA and USDA are already pushing the boundaries of their current authority to become more aggressive on food safety and labeling enforcement. Examples include USDA moving toward classification of Salmonella as an adulterant, more aggressive rules on ground beef safety, and increased retail enforcement. FDA is already studying how traceability could work, being more aggressive in identifying products and retailers in the event of recalls, reexamining the effectiveness of current nutritional labeling requirements, and investigating whether front of pack nutrition labeling (FOP) practices need to be regulated.
And on the heels of legislative reform and increased regulatory enforcement come the lawyers. Action by the government creates new avenues for the plaintiffs' bar. Food litigation will likely increase in prevalence both in product liability claims (i.e., food contamination) and in putative consumer fraud class claims into 2010 and beyond.
Some Take-Aways from ACI's 3rd National Forum on Food-Borne Illness Litigation
American Conference Institute (ACI) recently held its latest conference on food-borne illness litigation. The conference has been a fairly intimate gathering of the nation's lawyers, insurers and experts involved with food-borne illness litigation.
This year, I had the privilege of moderating an in-house counsel "think tank." The panel was composed of lawyers from a nice cross-section of food businesses: Yum Brands, Hormel, Fresh Express and SUPERVALU (though for each, food-borne illness litigation is a rare event) A slide-deck from the panel can be found here.
Also among the presenters at this year's conference were Center for Disease Control's (CDC) Dr. Arthur Liang and USDA/FSIS representative Dr. Dan Engeljohn. Both presentations provided fascinating insight into changes afoot in food safety enforcement and policy at the federal level. Here are some of the take-aways:
• "Outbreaks Waiting to Be Discovered" – Dr. Liang opined that, based on surveilled illnesses, most food-borne illness outbreaks are not presently discovered. He believes that recent data shows that there are perhaps 2-3 times more outbreaks nationally than what's been uncovered over the last few years.
• Food Safety Progress Being Undone by Retail Deli Operations – FSIS says there has been a "steady increase in risky behavior at the retail level." According to Dr. Engeljohn, budget authority is being sought to intervene with retailers, particularly smaller supermarket deli operations.
• Negative Tested Product Can Be Considered Adulterated - FSIS will be issuing a policy soon that for the first time will consider a "negative tested product to be determined adulterated" under circumstances where an associated product tested positive for pathogens.
• Non-0157 STECs - FSIS will be finalizing methodology to detect non-0157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC).
Hungry for Change: ABA Journal on Food Safety Reform and Its History
Kristin Choo has written a piece for the ABA Journal tracking the history of food safety regulation, recent outbreaks and current legislation pending in Congress. I am grateful to be mentioned in the piece. The article can be found at this link.
Ms. Choo writes:
Litigation is likely to increase as a pumped-up FDA, an arm of the Department of Health and Human Services, identifies more outbreaks of food-borne illness and collects more evidence about their causes. Meanwhile, many companies are likely to struggle, at least initially, with stricter requirements to develop safety plans, disclose business records when outbreaks occur and improve procedures for tracing products, according to Kenneth M. Odza, a member of Stoel Rives in Seattle, who litigates food safety cases and writes a blog on the subject.
Ms. Choo also includes a summary of information (see below) derived from CDC documented outbreaks (two or more people with the same illness after eating the same contaminated food) from 1990 to 2006 broken down by category of food. Note that nearly 50% of illnesses documented are from produce or "multi-ingredient." Produce and "multi-ingredient" account for about twice the number of illnesses as beef and poultry combined.
|Breads and Bakery
|Luncheon and Other Meats
Liability Limits: How Much Should Your Food Company Maintain?
Food business clients frequently want to ensure that they have sufficient liability limits in the event of an outbreak (they also want to make sure they have adequate coverage, but this is a separate discussion). Determining the amount of a business's limits depends on the business's possible exposures. No one-size-fits-all formula is available. Every business should have a yearly conversation with its counsel and broker to determine what makes sense.
Disclaimers aside, a few pieces of recent news should help inform the discussion of liability limits:
First, we've learned more about the food-borne illness claims filed in the peanut outbreak earlier this year. Here's a complete list of the claims (personal injury, commercial, etc.) asserted in the PCA bankruptcy and a newspaper article about them. Most of the claims appear to be filed by Marler Clark, though other food-borne illness claims also appear. So far, I count about 100 claims filed in the PCA bankruptcy (out of a CDC-reported 714 illnesses). Of those claims, at least eight resulted in deaths. The death claims are valued by the plaintiffs' at $10 million each. The nondeath claims are valued at up to $1 million each. Total personal injury claims are approximately $150 million. Plaintiffs have probably overstated their claims, but given the national outrage against PCA, a jury might lend credibility to the bloated values and award larger sums.
The other recent news is that CDC has released some interesting statistics about food-borne illnesses. For 2006, leafy vegetables and fruits/nuts accounted for the largest number of reported cases of food-borne illness (33%). Produce and nut products that might not have been associated in the past with food-borne illness (and, therefore, liability exposure) are now frequently associated with outbreaks. As exemplified by the PCA situation, claims from a national or even a regional outbreak from produce or nuts can easily exceed $100 million.
The Perils of Raw Cookie Dough
Nestlé is voluntarily recalling all its refrigerated and frozen chocolate chip cookie dough. The FDA and CDC warn of the risk of contamination with E. coli O157:H7. In its release, Nestle says the following:
Nestlé Toll House cookies made from refrigerated and frozen dough are perfectly safe for consumption when prepared according to the instructions on the label. These clearly state that the raw dough must be baked before consumption.
The CDC has a podcast telling kids the same thing: don't eat raw cookie dough.
Nestlé is suggesting that consumers return unused cookie dough to their stores for a full refund. We assume that Nestle will be reimbursing the stores.
We have complimented Nestle for its food safety program in the past. As their release says, "The safety and quality of its products is a non-negotiable priority for Nestlé, and the company apologizes for any inconvenience cause by this voluntary recall. "
But there is good news: the recall doesn't affect any chocolate chips, or any baked cookies.
Pork Producers Feel Effects of Swine Flu
Pork producers are feeling the effects of the swine flu as the number of reported cases of the virus increases. Stock prices for Virginia-based Smithfield Foods, the world's largest pork processor, and Arkansas-based Tyson Foods, fell 12 percent and 9 percent today, respectively. The Wall Street Journal reports that the prices of hogs, corn, and soybeans also dropped today. About 16 percent of U.S. pork exports have been shipped to Mexico over the past year – a country where so far 149 people have died from the swine flu.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other health officials have emphasized that swine flu viruses are not transmitted by food and people cannot contract the virus by eating pork or pork products. That fact alone does not seem to be enough to quell consumers' fears. MarketWatch earlier today quoted a pork industry analyst as saying the industry wants to avoid a slip of exports and prices akin to the 2003 avian flu outbreak in Asia. Analyst Heather Jones said she believes the pork industry "needs to undertake an aggressive and widespread informational marketing campaign."
Meanwhile, the Associated Press is reporting that Seattle-based Starbucks Corp. announced today that it is closing 10 of its Mexico City cafes in response to the swine flu outbreak and pursuant to instructions from the Mexican government.
FDA and CDC Warn of Salmonella in Raw Sprouts
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are recommending against eating raw alfalfa sprouts because of potential salmonella contamination.
According to the FDA, the salmonella contamination appears to be in seeds for alfalfa sprouts. As of yesterday, 31 cases of illness with Salmonella Saintpaul have been reported to the CDC. The reported cases are in Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, and West Virginia. The FDA cautions that the number of infected people may rise because some illnesses have not yet been confirmed with laboratory testing.
The FDA believes this outbreak may be linked to an outbreak from earlier this year. Its initial investigation traces the contaminated raw alfalfa sprouts to multiple sprout growers in multiple states. Additional details are available here.
Food-Borne Illness: Glass Half-Empty or Half-Full?
The Centers for Disease Control has issued a study of the incidence of food-borne illness in ten states. The study, by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, known as "FoodNet", in general concludes that food-borne illness has not significantly either increased or decreased in the United States since 2004, after substantial gains in food safety from 1996 to 2004.
The Associated Press article on this, by Mike Stobbe, is entitled, "CDC: US food poisoning cases held steady in 2008." This is an appropriately neutral headline. What is interesting is how different media outlets have dealt with the story
Reuters, in an article by Julie Steenhuysen, uses the headline, "U.S. making little progress on food safety." She emphasizes in the lede the use in the study of the word "plateaued." Lyndsey Layton's Washington Post article is headed, "CDC Study Finds Some Food-Borne Illnesses Rising in U.S." The article's lede actually says that the rate has "remained stagnant", and nowhere in the article is any mention made of any specific diseases whose rates have risen (the article instead clumps together some where rates have either risen or remained constant, without distinguishing which are which). The UPI headline is "Little Progress in U.S. food safety", similar to the New York Times's "U.S. Food Safety No Longer Improving, Data Show".
On the rosier side, the Wall Street Journal's Jacob Goldstein blogged with the headline, "Reality Check on Foodborne Illness Rate." Goldstein takes the position that the lack of an increase given the wide publicity to certain outbreaks is an indication that things are doing well. It is not clear, however, whether Goldstein understood, as the Washington Post article reported,
The data did not include the ongoing national outbreak of salmonella illness linked to peanut products that began in late 2008 but peaked in the early months of 2009, with nearly 700 people sickened and nine killed.
So what does the report actually say?
Let's start with the report's own discussion of its own limitations. To start with the title of the report is "Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food --- 10 States, 2008." The word "Preliminary" is not featured in any of the above headlines. Many of the articles do point out that the report is based on data from ten states, covering about 45 million people. The report itself lists four important limitations to the validity of its data, none of which are discussed sufficiently in any of the media reports:
First, because FoodNet relies on laboratory diagnoses, changing laboratory practices might affect the reported incidence of some pathogens. For example, fewer laboratory-confirmed infections might be reported as a result of increased use of nonculture tests. Second, many foodborne illnesses (e.g., norovirus infection) are not reported to FoodNet because these pathogens are not identified routinely in clinical laboratories. Third, differences in health-care seeking behaviors between age groups might contribute to a much higher incidence of reported illness in certain age groups (e.g., young children and older persons) (10). Finally, although the FoodNet population is similar demographically to the U.S. population, the findings might not be generalizable.
That's a lot of noise. In particular, the fourth issue, whether it is appropriate to generalize from the data in these ten states to the rest of the country, is critical. FoodNet argues that its data are from states that, other than an underrepresentation of Hispanics, are not significantly different from U.S. census data for the entire country. This misses, however, what I think is the more critical question, which is whether the participation of these ten states in FoodNet indicates something different about the public health organizations of those states compared to the remaining states. It is possible that the other states are putting their funds into inspection and food safety education instead of statistics gathering, but it may be just as likely if not more that the states who participate are the ones whose public health organizations are the most modern and vigilant. What this might mean for trends is quite problematic. The ten states may have plateaued because they're doing all they can while there is progress elsewhere, or there may be worse conditions elsewhere that are not being reported.
The report covers ten enteric pathogens:
- Campylobacter
- Cryptosporidium
- Cyclospora
- Listeria
- Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Vibrio
- Yersinia
- STEC non-O157
The report indicated only one increase, that for salmonella, which it stated was "not significant." In addition, among salmonella serotypes, one (Saintpaul) increased significantly. We previously reported that saintpaul was the main pathogen found in bad tomatoes in 2008. Of the others, one increased some and one decreased some and the seven others didn't change.
What is significant is not so much that the reports of these diseases among the ten states are increasing or decreasing (they appear to be doing neither) but that we are nearly at 2010, when the national health goals contained in the federal government's "Healthy People 2010" program are supposed to be met. Salmonella incidence is supposed to be at 6.8 per 100,000 people by 2010 and it was at 16.2 in 2008, which is a long way away.
The other critical lesson from the report is that the apparent plateauing has occurred despite a number of important public health measures that have been taken in the period studied. These include the FSIS's salmonella initiative, the FDA's lettuce and spinach irradiation program, and the FDA's and Customs and Border Patrol's efforts relating to screening food imports.
I imagine that the FDA and the CDC and the various state public health agencies are feeling more than a little like Hans Brinker right now. However, I wonder if what is really going on, which the report doesn't talk about at all, is a combination of three things: (1) the low-hanging fruit has been taken care of to a great extent; (2) some of the measures the reports touts were not completely implemented due to funding and other constraints (the importation program would be where I would start in studying this); and (3) pathogens evolve.
Now let me let you in to what wasn't reported: the report doesn't look too different from last year's.
Here is the critical paragraph from this year's report:
Despite numerous activities aimed at preventing foodborne human infections, including the initiation of new control measures after the identification of new vehicles of transmission (e.g., peanut butter--containing products), progress toward the national health objectives has plateaued, suggesting that fundamental problems with bacterial and parasitic contamination are not being resolved. Although significant declines in the incidence of certain pathogens have occurred since establishment of FoodNet, these all occurred before 2004. Of the four pathogens with current Healthy People 2010 targets, Salmonella, with an incidence rate of 16.2 cases per 100,000 in 2008, is farthest from its target for 2010 (6.8). The lack of recent progress toward the national health objective targets and the occurrence of large multistate outbreaks point to gaps in the current food safety system and the need to continue to develop and evaluate food safety practices as food moves from the farm to the table.
Here is the corresponding paragraph from last year's report:
Although significant declines in the incidence of certain foodborne pathogens have occurred since 1996, these declines all occurred before 2004. Comparing 2007 with 2004-2006, the estimated incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, STEC O157, Vibrio, and Yersinia did not decline significantly, and the incidence of Cryptosporidium infections increased. The incidence of Salmonella infections in 2007 (14.92 cases per 100,000) was the furthest from the national target for 2010 (6.80 cases), and only infections caused by Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium and Heidelberg declined significantly.
There's really not a lot of news here, and if there is any, it's that the closeness of 2010 is making those goals seem harder to achieve. When you actually look up the meaning of "plateau" in this context, Merriam-Webster's actually has two almost contradictory definitions. Definition 2(b) is "a relatively stable level, period or condition." Definition 3 is, "a level of attainment or achievement." Neither one has a negative connotation. In these times, even stability seems like a wonderful goal. Attainment or achievement sound wonderful.
Lengthy List of Products NOT Affected By Peanut Butter Recall
UPDATE to "Avoiding the Panic" - The American Peanut Butter Council has a website that lists products it knows are UNAFFECTED by the peanut butter recall associated with the current Salmonella outbreak. The list of unaffected products is lengthy and growing. Lets hope the media is successful at assisting consumers avoid the panic by providing them with the information to consume safely the products they enjoy.
Peanut Butter - Avoiding The Panic
Marler Blog and some of the press have been sounding the alarm on all peanut butter products. True the FDA and CDC have been investigating a multi-state Salmonella outbreak and that there may be a connection with certain peanut butter products. But does this mean that consumers, restaurants and food sellers should avoid all peanut butter products? The answer is NO.
For example. the CDC has stated that:
Preliminary analysis of an epidemiologic study conducted by CDC and public health officials in multiple states comparing foods eaten by ill and well persons has suggested peanut butter as a likely source of the bacteria causing the infections. To date, no association has been found with major national brand name jars of peanut butter sold in grocery stores.
One thing that any restaurant or food seller can do is to educate their customers about the safety of their products. CNN has a great article up today in their Consumer Tips section. Based on information available to date, the article provides the following guidance for the consumer:
1. Is it safe to make my child a peanut butter sandwich? The FDA says as of Sunday there is no indication that brand name peanut butter sold in grocery stores is linked to the outbreak.
2. What about the peanut butter served at schools? The peanut butter found to contain salmonella bacteria was made by the Peanut Corporation of America. They make peanut butter for institutional use in places like prisons, schools and nursing homes. As a precaution, the Peanut Corporation of America has recalled all peanut butter and peanut paste made in its Blakely, Georgia, plant. That means institutions should no longer be serving it.
3. What about other food made with peanut butter? Officials say for right now, hold off on eating foods that contain peanut butter or peanut paste. Peanut paste is found in commercially made cakes, candies, crackers, cookies and ice cream. The Kellog Co. announced a voluntary recall of 16 products, including Keebler and Famous Amos peanut butter cookies, because they contain peanut butter that could be connected to the Peanut Corporation of America.
4. How do I know if I have been infected by salmonella? According to the Centers for Disease Control, most people infected by salmonella bacteria develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after the infection. Most people recover without treatment. However, in some cases salmonellosis, as the infection is called, can be deadly. The infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream and on to other body parts. Antibiotics need to be administered immediately. The elderly, infants and people with impaired immune systems are more likely to get seriously sick. If you think you may have infected with salmonella, go to the doctor immediately. The doctor can perform lab tests to determine if you have it.
To keep current on the list of products recalled as a result of the recall, sign-up for FDA email alerts and keep in close communication with suppliers.
What to Do When the Investigators Knock . . .
This week brought news of yet another nationwide Salmonella outbreak from a source not yet identified by government regulators. The last time we had a nationwide Salmonella outbreak for an extended period of time without identification of a definitive source the federal government initially singled out tomatoes imported from Mexico (a huge array of products). In that case, the government was wrong and wreaked financial havoc on many farmers and businesses.
So far, in the current outbreak, nothing more specific than "poultry, eggs and cheese" have been identified as possible sources. Last year's outbreak involved Salmonella Saintpaul whereas the current outbreak is Salmonella Typhimurium, which is more commonly associated with poultry, eggs and cheese, but could come from almost anything.
That a source has yet to be identified to the media doesn't mean that state and federal officials aren't zeroing in on possible sources. Restaurant owners, retailers and food manufacturers should be ready for the regulators when they come knocking.
In the past, I've had clients who were worked over aggressively by regulators (especially federal officials) who were investigating a large, nationwide outbreak with an uncertain cause. These officials face enormous pressure from those in Washington and from the public. Federal officials can make demands that threaten an entire business. They can demand credit card receipts, contact information for customers, personal employee information, shutdown of the business and more. Noncompliance might mean the officials will go to the press and advertise that the business is a target of the investigation. Unlike local health officials, who are usually vested in the well-being of local food producers under their jurisdiction, federal officials may care only about the investigation and nothing else.
Any food business should implement its crisis response team the minute it suspects it could be targeted in an investigation like the one that is currently ongoing. Specialists in food safety and foodborne illness investigations, genetic microbiologists, public relations experts, accountants, quality assurance personnel, purchasing personnel and lawyers should be lined up and ready to go. Events may unfold quickly for your business (over the course of a day or even a morning). Everything needs to be done at that moment to assist a business in navigating what may appear to be an impossible crisis.
2009 Priorities for USDA in Food Safety
I just returned from ACI's Second National Forum on Food-Borne Illness, which included several interesting presentations and discussions. One was by Dan Engeljohn, Deputy Assistant Administrator of the Office of Policy and Program Development at the Food Safety and Inspection Service ("FSIS"). Mr. Engeljohn spoke about FSIS's priorities for "2009 and beyond." Takeaways from this presentation include:
Non-O157 STECs
FSIS is increasingly concerned with strains of E. coli other than O157:H7. Non-O157:H7 strains such as E.coli O121:H19 and O111 are growing more prevalent in the environment. FSIS is putting additional resources into developing methodology for detection of non-O157 STECs.
As FSIS, CDC, FDA and local health departments develop this methodology, the industry can expect more reported outbreaks and more liability exposure. Most experts believe that many non- O157:H7 outbreaks go undetected. Increased focus on detection of non-O157 E. coli strains is yet another reason to examine the sufficiency of your companies' insurance limits.
Frozen, Not Ready to Eat Meals
According to Mr. Engeljohn, because of recent salmonella scares, FSIS remains concerned about "frozen, not ready to eat" meals and specifically "frozen, not ready to eat" poultry meals. He explained that "evidence is mounting that these products cannot be safely prepared unless salmonella is controlled in the source materials." In other words, FSIS now believes that no amount of package labeling or consumer education can prevent consumers from undercooking these meals.
FSIS jurisdiction over salmonella in poultry is limited. FSIS attempts restrict the sale of "frozen, not ready to eat" meals or impose more stringent standards against salmonella in poultry may be a reach for the agency. As discussed in Supreme Beef Processors v. USDA Salmonella, "is not an adulterant per se, meaning its presence does not require the USDA to refuse to stamp such meat 'inspected and passed.'" Absent statutory reform, FSIS action in this area may be challenged.
Mr. Engeljohn stated that FSIS is "deeply concerned" about listeria. It believes that gains made in recent years at meatpacking plants may be undone by problems at supermarket deli counters. FSIS believes that little is being done to address critical control points at the retail level, such as proper cleaning and sanitizing of meat slicers. FSIS may be exploring ways to exercise more jurisdiction to regulate supermarket delis.


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UPDATE (3:30 p.m. ET): The Lions will also release safety Louis Delmas on Thursday, Birkett reports. By cutting both players, the Lions will save $11.5 million in salary cap space.
Delmas, a second-round selection by the Lions in 2009, is entering his sixth year in the league. He played in all 16 games for the first time in 2013, just one year after appearing in eight games due to knee surgery. He will be one of the top safeties available once free agency starts.
The Detroit Lions have told wide receiver Nate Burleson that he is being released in order to save cap room, per the Detroit Free Press' Dave Birkett. The move saves the Lions roughly $5.5 million for next season and given recent projections, would officially have them under the 2014 NFL salary cap, though more moves seem likely.
Burleson responded, saying that he can't blame the team for releasing him and that he intends to play in 2014.
Entering what would be his 12th season in the NFL, Burleson played in nine games last season, catching 39 passes for 461 yards and a touchdown. He missed seven games with a broken arm suffered in a car accident. Burleson has not topped 1,000 yards in a season since 2004 when he was with the Minnesota Vikings. The former third-round pick out of Nevada signed a lucrative free agent deal with the Seattle Seahawks in 2006, but was a significant disappointment throughout his four years with Seattle.
He bounced back with the Lions as a locker room presence and reliable second target next to Calvin Johnson, though he has never quite been able to live up to the promise he showed 10 years ago during his second season in the league. The Lions may target a wide receiver early in the NFL Draft, as they are very thin at the position after Johnson.
More from SB Nation NFL
• Punch the Commish: An oral history of a tradition that hasn't started yet
• Longform: The rejection of Myron Rolle
• Bizarro Seahawks: What if Seattle had followed everyone's draft advice?
• NFL mock draft: Johnny Manziel is our new No. 1
• Finding the ideal free agent for all 32 teams

subset: commoncrawl


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Q:Can this product be ordered blank? If so, is it compatible with an Officejet printer?
Shanda Hooks
SMI/SCCAsked on 3/27/2014 by Shanda from Charlotte, NC
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A:You can order it without wording, however, that will not reduce the cost or production time because we still cut them to order and print the design on there as well. Because of the formatting, it would not be compatible with any other printer.Answered on 3/27/2014 by csr
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Citizen Guide
Vendor - Cash Out
Check the sales report
Reallusion provides the complete toolkit for any vendor in the City marketplace to watch their sales performance and request an order report easily. You will be able to find out more about which products have the best sales results, and which products you should put more effort into marketing. (the mechanism will be available in mid July)
Apply for money
Once you reach certain amount of sales (the current quota is 10,000 points) in Marketplace (shop or store), you can request to cash out your credit points (100 points = US$1). Since there might be some customer or refund issue, every vendor in City can't cash out all the DA points. Every vendor should leave 5000 points as contract security deposit, only VCD is allowed to cash out all the money in one time.
|Cash Out
|DA Point Only
|Quota: 10,000 points
Contract security deposit:
5000 points
|Quota: 10,000 points
Contract security deposit:
Not required
To apply for money, please send your sales report to email@example.com. Your request will normally be processed within 7 days.


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Sources confirmed to Eyewitness News that the president of Metro North has stepped down.
Howard R. Permut, who became president in 2008, is expected to step down from his position as president of the MTA Metro-North Railroad, sources told Eyewitness News.
In December, there was a deadly derailment on a Metro-North line in New York. In May, there was a derailment in Bridgeport that injured 76 people. Later that month, a track foreman was struck and killed.
Senator Richard Blumenthal said in a statement, ""new leadership should
mean stronger attention to safety and reliability, and better results. As they
replace Mr. Permut, Metro North must focus on revamping its safety culture and
Permut was the fourth president in 25 years for MTA Metro-North Railroad.
Copyright 2014 WFSB (Meredith Corporation). All rights reserved.


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Every technology has some good side and also a bad side.Here some peoples are interested in it's destructive power.
Sandia National Laboratories, the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are trying to figure out how to manipulate the flow of energy within and between molecules, a field known as nanoenergentics. This would enable the building more lethal weapons such as "cave-buster bombs" that have several times the detonation force of conventional bombs such as the "daisy cutter" or MOAB (mother of all bombs).The power of the weapons is increased by adding materials known as superthermites that combine nanometals such as nanoaluminum with metal oxides such as iron oxide. However this technology can also been used not just for warfare but under water explosives or for fuel in rockets.
Here peoples are interested in constructive side- nanoguru is always with them.
Nano Bombs used to treat Acne.
A nano-bomb, containing a coconut oil compound, that directly attacks the bacteria that cause acne. The new smart delivery system developed by a researcher at UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering could be a boon to the more than 60 million people who suffer with this skin condition.
The nano-bombs containing the coconut oil compound, called lauric acid, may offer a solution, according to Dissaya Pornpattananangkul, who developed the smart delivery system. The treatment involves gold nanoparticles that are bound to the surface of lauric-acid filled nano-bombs. The gold serves several purposes: it prevents the nano-bombs from fusing together, and it helps the bombs zero in on the bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) that cause acne.
When the nano-bombs reach their target, the gold nanoparticles fall away, which allows the lauric acid to fuse with the bacterial membranes and kill the bacteria. "Precisely controlled nano-scale delivery of drugs that are applied topically to the skin could significantly improve the treatment of skin bacterial infections," notes UC San Diego NanoEngineering professor Liangfang Zhang. Not only is this treatment more targeted, it also minimizes or avoids side effects.
Nano Bombs used to Heal from Cancer
There is a new way to cure cancer disease.Researchers at North Carolina State University have successfully modified a common plant virus to deliver drugs only to specific cells inside the human body, without affecting surrounding tissue. These tiny "smart bombs" – each one thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair – could lead to more effective chemotherapy treatments with greatly reduced, or even eliminated, side effects.
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Starting : Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and Billy ZaneCategory : History Movies, Adventure Movies, Drama MoviesDirector : James CameronRelease Date: 04 Apr 2012 it is time to relive the story of the massive ship where the love story of the two modern day lovers was born. The giant ship, the tragedy, and Jack and Rose, will bring back to life yet again in theatres; but this time it will be in Three Dimensional manner.To have the near to real experience of this out of the world love story,
Which category, of the above mentioned two, you belong to? No issues.... Whether you're a freshman or a regular downloader, we have services for you in both conditions. If you're here to download 'Titanic 3D', then click here and download it now. Not only this, you can also watch free online movies.This spectacular epic re-creates the ill-fated maiden voyage of the White Star Line's $7.5 million R.M.S Titanic and the tragic sea disaster of April 15, 1912. Running over three hours and made with the combined contributions of two major studios (20th Century-Fox, Paramount) at a cost of more than $200 million, Titanic ranked as the most expensive film in Hollywood history at the time of its release, and became the most successful. Writer-director James Cameron employed state-of-the-art digital special effects for this production, realized on a monumental scale and spanning eight decades. Inspired by the 1985 discovery of the Titanic in the North Atlantic, the contemporary storyline involves American treasure-seeker Brock Lovett (Bill Paxton) retrieving artifacts from the submerged ship. Lovett looks for diamonds but finds a drawing of a young woman, nude except for a necklace. When 102-year-old Rose (Gloria Stuart) reveals she's the person in the portrait, she is summoned to the wreckage site to tell her story of the 56-carat diamond necklace and her experiences of 84 years earlier. The scene then shifts to 1912 Southampton where passengers boarding the Titanic include penniless Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio) and society girl Rose DeWitt Bukater (Kate Winslet), returning to Philadelphia with her wealthy fiance Cal Hockley (Billy Zane).


text: New stories Upcoming Incoming 10° The "T" in T. Yoshisaur Munchakoopas' 29m ago - Through the latest of console war mud slinging, it was found out that Yoshi's full proper name is... | Culture Comments (0) Source 10° What We Want In: Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor 30m ago - "Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor is one of 2014's most anticipated games. Coming from Monolith Pro... | PC Comments (0) Source 0° Pirate Bash - Tips and Cheats: The Strategy Guide 34m ago - Pirate Bash Guide for Android/iPhone Game Weapons like the bow and harpoon. Are very powerful a... | iPhone Comments (0) Source 0° Star Wars: Commander Cheats: The Strategy Guide and Tips 36m ago - Star Wars: Commander for Android and iPhone Game Guide Defenses Guide Wall: Walls are a basi... | iPhone Comments (0) Source Ad Need Cash? (US Only) Now - How would it feel to have your money struggles solved by this time tomorrow? We give fast loans from $100-$10,000+, and repayment terms up to 60 mo... | Promoted post Read More SiteBot 10° Advanced Warfare Limited Editions | Gamer.Ninja 40m ago - Advanced Warfare Limited Editions for Xbox One. Call of Duty's Advanced Warfare releases its late... | Xbox One Comments (0) Source


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Aging and Work in the 21st Century-
The aging of baby boomers, along with the predicted decrease of the available labor pool, will place increased scrutiny and emphasis on issues relating to an aging workforce. Furthermore, future economic downturns will place strong pressure on older workers to remain in the workforce, and on retirees to seek employment again. Aging and Work in the 21st Century reviews, summarizes, and integrates existing literature from various disciplines with regard to aging and work. Chapter authors, all leading experts within their respective areas, provide recommendations for future research, practice, and/or public policy.
This definitive source comprehensively reviews:
The intended audience is advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in the disciplines of industrial and organizational psychology; developmental psychology; gerontology; sociology; economics; and social work. Older worker advocate organizations, like AARP, will also take interest in this edited book.
Order an electronic Inspection Copy
Buy printed Book


text:
This Tuesday in Texas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This Tuesday in Texas was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event which happened 3 December 1991. Five professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the card. The main event was a rematch involving Hulk Hogan and the Undertaker. Lukewarm reaction made the experiment a failure.


text:
This is in addition to the Dialogic Diva Series of boards and both HMP & Diva Soft-IP software based media processing environments. The DMV1200BTEP board allows you to now support up to 120 voice channels in a single PCI or PCI Express slot. Multiple boards may also be used to increase port densities in a single server chassis.
For further information please contact our sales team


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Sports Illustrated released it's preseason All-American teams today. The only area player on the first team is Oklahoma State kicker Quinn Sharp. Sharp lead the nation in touchbacks with 61, he hit 79-of-80 extra points and 22-of-25 field goals a year ago.
We have a few Oklahoman's on the second team. OU center Gabe Ikard is named to the second team offense. On the defensive side, Sooner safety Tony Jefferson and Oklahoma State cornerback Brodrick Brown make the list.
P.O. Box 8 Tulsa, OK 74101-0008
All content © Copyright 2000 - 2014 Worldnow and KTUL. All Rights Reserved.For more information on this site, please read our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


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Multiple offers, lower inventory and a sense of urgency is the mantra for March.
While the country is seeing headlines like "Existing home sales dive, prices at nine- year low" (from MSNBC) Central Austin real estate is experiencing something very different. In the month of March in Northwest Hills and Tarrytown we have repeatedly seen multiple offer situations. In the field, it's been a tough month making the mental shift that we need to be more aggressive on what we offer sellers. It seems that the power pendulum is at least temporarily moving from buyers to sellers.
Note – It is still a buyers market but less so than it was a month ago.
This months chart tells the story -the number of homes for sale in Tarrytown and Northwest Hills continues to drop. Price (you can't see it well in this chart) continues to slide just a bit as seller do whats need to accomplish their goals.
Its my guess that inventory will go up next month. My instinct for the remainder of the year is that we are going to be stuck in a market that is better for sellers than it has been but is still challenging. Should be interesting. Stay tuned!


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WATERBURY, Conn.
(AP) - A 45-year-old man in Connecticut
is accused of posing as a member of the popular boy band One Direction online
to entice young girls into performing sex acts.
The Waterbury Republican-American
reports (http://bit.ly/12lsKYs) John Eastman was arraigned in Superior Court
Thursday on charges including employing a minor in an obscene performance.
According to an arrest warrant,
Eastman used the screen name Harry.Styles888 on Skype and had pictures of the
One Direction singer on his computer, which were used to convince children he
was the star.
Authorities say Eastman would
sometimes offer concert tickets in exchange for children posing naked or
performing sex acts online. They say Eastman's web cam captured pornographic
images of children believed to be as young as 5-years-old.
He is being held in lieu of $500,000
Information from:
Republican-American, http://www.rep-am.com
(Copyright 2013 The Associated
Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast,
rewritten or redistributed.)
Fox 8 WVUE-TV
Louisiana Media Company, LLC.
1025 S. Jefferson Davis Parkway
New Orleans, LA 70125
General Number: (504) 486-6161
News Tips: (504) 483-1503
News Room Fax: (504) 483-1543


text:
MERRELL Women's Grasshopper Air Hiking Shoes
Item: 24023036 Product Description >
Price: $100.00
MERRELL Women's Grasshopper Air Hiking ShoesA nimble hiker for all things outside, Merrell's Grasshopper Air uses Select Grip rubber for aggressive wet or dry traction over rough terrain.
This product will be shipped directly from Merrell and will leave their warehouse in 2-3 business days. Eligible for UPS ground shipping only.
- Merrell In-Board compression-molded EVA midsole provides cushioning
- Merrell air cushion in the heel absorbs shock and adds stability
- Flexible forefoot shock absorption pad
- Molded TPU external heel counter for added stability
- Merrell Grip outsole with 3.5 mm lugs for durable, slip-resistant traction
- Synthetic, leather, and mesh upper
- Bellows tongue keeps debris out
- Breathable mesh lining treated with M-Select Fresh to help control odor
- EVA removable footbed treated with M-Select Fresh for added comfort
Country of Origin: Imported
MERRELL Women's Grasshopper Air Hiking Shoes
Outsole Merrell sticky rubber Shank Nylon arch Upper Nubuck leather, cow suede Midsole Compression-molded EVA Waterproof No Avg. Weight (pair) 1 lb. 10 oz.


text:
try to download a bittorrent program
this one is a good one
i have downloaded a movie off of utorrent and it says my media player doesn't support or have a codec to play it. i downloaded the ffdshow codec package and i don't know how to tell what codec was used to in the torrent i downloaded. please help. my email is firstname.lastname@example.com. thanks for any help. very confused. need help
well i downloaded a torrent and i usualy have a codec with DivX but this torrent was different and it has 49 individual files and i have no idea how to view the movie the files are R1-R49 could someone help me please
You my friend have .rar files. You need Winrar, 7Zip, or some other program to unrar those files. You will either get a .avi or a Video_TS file/folder pending on the size. The .avi is for those ranging from 298Mb - 1Gb in size. 3Gb - 9Gb = Video_TS or a DVD folder.
ryan chappell,
Try utorrent 1.61, it's stand-alone and requires no installation.
For those who want the latest version 1.75 (Requires installation):
hold your own & dethell,
Try VLC player or the less known GOM PLayer:
For a decent codec package try K-Lite Codec Pack
Hi, if someone can help me PLEASEEEEEE.
Okay, one of my friends sent me a copy of Microsoft Word 2007, it works on his computer, but I'm doing the samething he's doing and it's not working. I unzipped it using WinZip and wrote it to a cd using Imgburn, but it's not working. I read in another post that the BC! extension means that the download is not complete, but the version he sent me is the completed version. I tried renaming and took the bc! extension off but it still didn't work properly, can anybody tell me what I should be doing? I tried it 4 times and I only have 1 Dvd left, so I don't have room for anymore mistakes. :( Help PLease!! Thanks
Utorrent is downloading fine, a 4.5G file of several seasons of TV shows. Several of the episodes have downloaded already and show .avi extensions. When I try tp play, though, Medial player says it does not recognize the file or codec. I have tried DIVX and a couple others. Nothing seems to work.
How do I play the common .avi or .mpg files - utorrent working fine. I can see the videos - just won't play.
can i play torrent and bit torrents on lime wire it says its complete but wont play i have up loads obviously up loading do i wait until they have finished to then play the film email@example.com thanks anyone who can help im download of piratebay.org
ya spent $40 to get access then 8hrs to down load movie to find out torrentm8 encrypted it and wants to sell my info to spamers for the codec to run the movie....nice site ,,should have gave $40 to a homeless guy would of at least got something out of it,use the news groups torrents suck......and are full of adds,spam and lots of bbbbssssss.
I downloaded a movie from ARES .avi and when I tried to play it it said to go to torrentm8 and get codec emailed to me but they haven't replied. Is there another way.
I have download the movie from utorrent but after the completion of the movie the window media player could not play it.. when i play the avi file then in the video screen the msg has been come that
"This movie has been encrypted in order to view you must
visit www.helptorrent.com and follow the instruction...
tell me at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Adrian Peterson spent 18 years of his life playing football, including 8 years with the Chicago Bears. The running back spent Monday afternoon speaking to students to get them ready for end-of-the-year tests.
The Georgia Southern Eagle legend talked to youngsters at Mill Creek Elementary. The students will soon take the Criterion Reference Competency Test. Peterson, a past winner of the Walter Payton award, talked to students about setting and achieving goals.
"When you think I'm just a regular guy from a small town in Florida - smaller than Statesboro - and I achieved my goals. If I can do it they can too," he explained.
Peterson spoke with students about overcoming a severe speech impediment. He also autographed copies of his book - "Don't Dis My Abilities".
A running back for the Eagles, Peterson was part of two NCAA national championship teams, set numerous NCAA records and was drafted by the Bears in the sixth round.
For more information, visit https://www.facebook.com/TheAdrianPeterson.
Copyright 2013 WTOC. All rights reserved.
PO Box 8086
All content © Copyright 2000 - 2014 Worldnow and WTOC. All Rights Reserved.
For more information on this site, please read our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


text:
Habitats Series
Landscaping for Butterflies in Maine
This fact sheet was developed by: Nancy Coverstone, Extension educator, Jim Dill, Extension pest management specialist, and Lois Berg Stack, Extension ornamental horticulture specialist.
For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu.
Find more of our publications and books at extensionpubs.umext.maine.edu.
Butterflies are beautiful insects, and they are also an important part of the ecosystem. In their search for nectar, they spread pollen from one flower to another and help ensure seed for new generations of plants. They also recycle nutrients and are prey for many species of birds, spiders and small mammals. Gardening and landscaping can create or enhance habitats for butterflies so they may survive and thrive. Whether your yard is in a city, suburb or rural community, you can make it a haven for butterflies.
Butterflies belong to the insect order Lepidoptera, along with moths and skippers. All species of butterflies in Maine, of which there are more than one hundred, have four wings covered with small scales. The butterfly families in Maine are swallowtails (Papilionidae), whites and sulphurs (Pieridae), gossamer-wings (Lycaenidae), brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae), monarchs (Danaidae), and arctics and satyrs (Satyridae), which includes the endangered Katahdin arctic. Skippers (Hesperiidae) have characteristics of both butterflies and moths.
When developing a landscape for butterflies, first consider butterfly species present in your area and their preferred habitats. Then consider plants suited to your climate and your backyard habitat. Assess what your landscape already provides, and add to that. Each butterfly species has a preference or need for a particular habitat type, such as meadow, woods, woodland edges or marshes. Also, some species are specialists, while others are generalists regarding food sources. The habitat preference as well as plants you provide will determine your success in attracting a particular butterfly species. An identification field guide will prove helpful.
The Life Cycle of Butterflies
Butterflies develop by complete metamorphosis, which is characterized by four distinct growth stages: egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. To succeed in enhancing butterfly habitat, it is important to understand their life cycle.
1. The egg. The female butterfly lays her eggs on a plant that will provide food for the larvae, or caterpillars, which hatch from the eggs. Depending on the species, eggs may be laid singly, in small clusters or in one mass. While most species' eggs hatch within a week of being deposited, some species overwinter in the egg stage, and others stay dormant for up to two years.
2. The larva (caterpillar). The eggs hatch into larvae, which are also called caterpillars, whose purpose is to eat and grow. They have chewing mouth parts to devour leaves of plants.The duration of the caterpillar stage is usually brief, although for some species this stage lasts months. Caterpillars shed their skins several times to allow continued growth. When mature, a caterpillar finds a quiet place to hide. Then it spins silk to attach its hind legs to a firm support, sheds its larval skin and turns into a pupa.
3. The pupa (chrysalis). The pupa, which for butterflies is also called the chrysalis, is the resting stage of development. It may hang under eaves of buildings, on the undersides of leaves, along the stem of a plant, or be found in many other places. This stage lasts 10 to 14 days in most species, but some species overwinter as a chrysalis.
4. The adult. The adult butterfly emerges from the chrysalis. Depending on the species, the butterfly feeds on flower nectar, tree sap, rotting fruit and/or dung. It does this through its proboscis, a straw-like mouthpart that is also used to drink from puddles or other water-saturated areas. Butterflies are active during the day, when males and females court, mate and continue their species. In latitudes farther south, two or three generations may be produced during one season. In Maine, there is time generally for only one generation in the summer season.
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus): Overwinters as a chrysalis.
Habitat: Deciduous broadleaf woods, forest edges, river valleys, parks and suburbs.
Larval food plants: A variety of plants, including wild cherry, basswood, birch, ash, mountain ash, and willow.
Adult food: Flower nectar from a variety of plants, e.g. wild cherry and lilac.
Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes, subspecies: asterius): Overwinters as a chrysalis.
Habitat: Open areas including fields, suburbs, marshes, stream banks and roadsides.
Larval food plants: Plants in the parsley family, including Queen Anne's lace, carrot, celery, parsley and dill.
Adult food: Nectar from flowers, including red clover, milkweed, alfalfa, phlox, Queen Anne's lace and thistle.
White Admiral (Limenitis arthemis): Overwinters as a young caterpillar in a rolled-up leaf secured to a twig by silk.
Habitat: Open woodlands, forest edges and roadsides.
Larval food plants: Birch, aspen, poplar, willow, hawthorn, basswood, amelanchier.
Adult food: Rotting fruit, sap, dung, carrion, aphid honeydew, and nectar from various flowers.
Spring Azure (Celastrina ladon): Overwinters as a chrysalis.
Habitat: Open woodlands, old fields, roadsides, wooded freshwater marshes, forest edges, suburbs and towns.
Larval food plants: A variety of woody shrubs and occasionally herbs including dogwood, New Jersey tea, meadowsweet, viburnum, blueberry, cherry, sumac.
Adult food: Flower nectar from dogbane, privet, New Jersey tea, blackberry, common milkweed, blackberry, dandelion, violet, cherry, cotoneaster, rock cress, winter cress and many others.
Great Spangled Fritillary (Speyeria cybele): Overwinters as a newly hatched caterpillar.
Habitat: Open areas, woodlands, moist meadows, roadsides.
Larval food plants: Various species of violet.
Adult food: Flower nectar of thistle and other composites such as Joe-Pye weed, ironweed, black-eyed Susan, and purple coneflower. Also uses cardinal flower, bergamot, red clover, vetch, milkweed.
Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta): Usually unable to overwinter in Maine; repopulates each spring by immigrants from more southern areas.
Habitat: Moist woods, yards, parks, marshes, seeps, moist fields, banks of streams.
Larval food plants: Members of the nettle family.
Adult food: Sap flows on trees, fermenting fruit, bird droppings. When these are not available, they will use nectar from flowers such as common milkweed, red clover, aster, goldenrod, gayfeather and alfalfa.
Monarch (Danaus plexippus): Adults migrate to Mexico or California to overwinter.
Habitat: Open areas, meadows, fields, marshes, roadsides.
Larval food plants: Milkweed.
Adult food: Flower nectar of various species of milkweed and composites such as Joe-Pye weed, aster, thistle, ironweed, gayfeather, cosmos, goldenrod. Also mallow, lantana, buttonbush, dogbane, lilac and various species of mint.
Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa): Overwinters as an adult.
Habitat: Woods, openings, parks, and suburbs; especially along banks of rivers and streams.
Larval food plants: Willow, elm, poplar, aspen, cottonwood, birch and hackberry. Older caterpillars wander about and may be found on plants that they do not eat.
Adult food: Tree sap, especially that of oaks. They walk down the trunk to the sap and feed head downward. Also rotting fruit, and only occasionally flower nectar.
How to Create Habitat that Entices Butterflies
As with all living things, butterflies need habitat that provides food, water and cover in an arrangement suited to each species' needs. For most butterfly species, food, water and cover need to be near one another. Butterflies will thrive in areas that also have full sun, are not windy and are free of insecticides.
The timing of the life cycle varies among species. Early-season nectar sources are important for butterflies that overwinter in the adult stage. Late-season nectar sources, particularly aster and goldenrod, are important for species that are in the adult stage at the end of the season. Because late fall flowers have less nectar than those that bloom earlier, fall-feeding butterflies need to visit more flowers to satisfy their nutritional needs. Nectar plants also provide cover for butterflies, and since many are also larval food plants, they offer egg-laying sites.
Choose nectar plants with nectaries accessible to the butterfly's proboscis. Proboscis length varies among species and determines which flowers any particular species can use for nectar. Smaller butterflies cannot reach the nectar in deep flowers. Flowers with double petals make access to nectar difficult for any size of butterfly. Many double flowers also have less rich nectar than single flowers.
Plants with flower clusters, such as milkweed and phlox, give a place to land and are big enough to support large butterflies. Composite flowers such as gayfeather, goldenrod, zinnia and aster also provide a landing place.
The size of the flower does not influence the quality or quantity of nectar. Many herb plants have small flowers, yet are excellent nectar plants. Some flowers have a nectar guide, a different color in the center of the flower that the butterflies can see, even if we can't. Nectar guides are very attractive to butterflies.
Plants receiving sun at least six hours each day have more nectar than plants receiving less sunlight. Fertile soil is important for healthy plants, and healthy plants produce more nectar.
Use a diversity of plant species. This will accommodate the flower size and plant species requirements of a number of butterfly species.
Butterflies are near-sighted. Large stands of a particular flower will attract them more than scattered arrangements. Butterflies rely on smell even more than sight in locating nectar plants. Their sense of smell is located in their clubbed antennae. Scent increases a flower's chance of being pollinated. Once a flower has been pollinated, its energy goes into development of the seed and fruit instead of into production of nectar. It loses the scent that attracts pollinators.
One way to increase the number of flowers as well as to extend the blooming period is to pinch back the stems of nectar plants early in the season. This is most effective with annual flowers. Also, many older varieties of plants have a stronger fragrance than newer hybrids.
Plant shrubs and trees that produce fleshy fruit for butterfly species that require or prefer to feed on overripe fruit. Leave the fallen fruit on the ground for butterflies to eat, although this will also attract bees, hornets and wasps.
Butterflies overwintering in the adult stage may use the peeling bark on trees, perennial plants and old logs or fences. Old sheds, barns or houses also provide overwintering sites. Butterfly hibernation boxes may attract wasp colonies, and not many of Maine's butterfly species would use such a box.
The caterpillars of species overwintering in pupal form select a protected location on a permanent structure before they change into a chrysalis. These locations are similar to those needed by overwintering adults.
Herbaceous perennials, shrubs and trees may be used as overwintering sites by butterfly species in the caterpillar or egg stages. Many predators of butterflies, such as birds, spiders and parasitic wasps, are given advantage if there is little cover in which butterflies can hide. Unless there is a specific plant disease problem, leave the leaf litter and dead plants in the garden in the fall, removing them in the spring before new growth begins.
Locate bird feeders and birdbaths away from your butterfly garden. Some birds prey on butterflies in any case, but you don't want to increase the predation by such proximity.
Everything is connected. Managing your habitat for butterflies will also benefit other wildlife and add to your enjoyment. Moths use many of the same larval food and nectar sources as butterflies. Bees, ruby-throated hummingbirds and orioles use nectar from many of the same sources. Some of the plants also provide nest sites, cover and food for birds and mammals. Toward the end of the season, don't deadhead garden plants, but rather allow seed heads to stand through the winter. Birds eat the seeds and also glean various insect stages from plant stems and leaves. Such winter gardens are very beneficial to wildlife and may reduce next year's populations of insect pests.
Native Plants Support Butterflies
Native plants are species that either arrived in Maine without human intervention, perhaps thousands of years ago, or originated here. These species of trees, shrubs and wildflowers have evolved over time and developed complex interdependent relationships with other organisms. They are generally better able to meet the needs of regional wildlife species, including butterflies, better adapted to regional growing conditions and easier to maintain than non-native plants. The charts in this fact sheet indicate which plants are native.
Design Tips for a Successful Butterfly Garden
Nectar Sources for Butterflies and Moths
|Early-Summer Perennials
|Flowering onions
|Allium spp.
|Pinks & Sweet Williams
|Dianthus spp.
|Hesperis matronalis
|Perennial candytuft
|Iberis sempervirens
|Lupinus polyphyllus
|Lychnis spp.
|Nepeta x fassenii
|Mid-summer Perennials
|Alcea rosea
|Ascelepias spp.
|Coreopsis spp.
|Lavandula angustifolia
|Shasta daisy
|Leucanthemum x superbum
|Monarda didyma
|Late-summer Perennials
|Aster spp.
|Buddleia davidii
|Chelone glabra
|Purple coneflower
|Echinacea purpurea
|Globe thistle
|Echinops ritro
|Joe-Pye weed*
|Eupatorium purpureum
|Liatris spicata
|Summer phlox
|Phlox paniculata
|Yellow coneflower
|Rudbeckia spp.
|Showy stonecrop
|Hylotelephium spectabile
|Solidago spp.
|Shrub Nectar Sources
|New Jersey tea*
|Ceanothus americanus
|Cephalanthus occidentalis
|Clethra alnifolia
|Cornus spp.
|Cotoneaster spp.
|Ligustrum spp.
|Cherry, Flowering almond*(some)
|Prunus spp.
|Azalea, Rhododendron*(some)
|Rhododendron spp.
|Common lilac
|Syringa vulgaris
|Viburnum spp.
|Shrubs & Trees (ripe fruits attract butterflies)
|Amelanchier, Shadbush*(some)
|Amelanchier spp.
|Malus spp.
|Cherry, Flowering almond*(some)
|Prunus spp.
|Raspberry, Blackberry*(some)
|Rubus spp.
|Blueberry, Cranberry*(some)
|Vaccinium spp.
|Viburnum spp.
|Ageratum houstonianum
|Antirrhinum majus
|Asclepias curassavica
|Coreopsis tinctoria
|Yellow cosmos
|Cosmos sulphureus
|Pink cosmos
|Cosmos bipinnatus
|Gaillardia pulchella
|Globe amaranth
|Gomphrena spp.
|Helianthus annuus
|Heliotropium arborescens
|Garden balsam
|Impatiens balsamina
|Lantana camara
|Lobelia erinus
|Sweet alyssum
|Lobularia maritima
|Flowering tobacco
|Nicotiana alata
|Petunia spp.
|Blue salvia
|Salvia farinacea
|Red salvia
|Salvia splendens
|French marigold
|Tagetes patula
|Mexican sunflower
|Tithonia rotundifolia
|Verbena spp.
|Zinnia spp.
Larval Food Sources
|Herbaceous plants
|Alcea rosea
|Artemisia spp.
|Milkweed, Bloodflower*(some)
|Asclepias spp.
|Aster *(some)
|Aster spp.
|Anethum graveolens
|Cabbage, Kale, Broccoli, Brussel sprouts, Kohlrabi, Cauliflower, Mustard, Turnip
|Brassica spp.
|Daucus carota
|Helianthus annuus
|Hylotelephium spp., Sedum spp.
|Malva spp.
|Alfalfa Medicago sativa
|Petroselinum crispum
|Trifolium spp.
|Violet* (some)
|Viola spp.
|Trees and shrubs
|Amelanchier, Shadbush*(some)
|Amelanchier spp.
|Betula spp.
|Carpinus caroliniana
|New Jersey Tea*
|Ceanothus americanus
|Celtis occidentalis
|Cornus spp.
|Fraxinus spp.
|Ligustrum spp.
|Poplar, Cottonwood *(some)
|Populus spp.
|Cherry, Flowering Almond *
|(some) Prunus spp.
|Quercus spp.
|Rhus spp.
|Salix spp.
|Common Lilac
|Syringa vulgaris
|Ulmus spp.
|Blueberry, Cranberry *(some)
|Vaccinium spp.
|Viburnum *(some)
|iburnum spp.
|*Native plant
Further Readings
Lewis, Alcinda, ed. 1995. Butterfly Gardens: Luring Nature's Loveliest Pollinators to Your Yard. Brooklyn Botanic Garden Handbook #143. ISBN 0945352883
Tekulsky, M. 1986. The Butterfly Garden: Turning Your Garden, Window Box or Backyard into a Beautiful Home for Butterflies. Harvard Common Press. ISBN 0916782697
Xerxes Society & Smithsonian Institution. 1998. Butterfly Gardening: Creating Summer Magic in Your Garden. Sierra Club Books. ISBN 0871569752
"Butterflies of Maine," Butterflies of North America, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, USGS. Website address: http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/distr/lepid/bflyusa/me/toc.htm
(Most butterfly scientific names in this fact sheet are taken from the "Butterflies in Maine" list.)
For more information or to obtain other fact sheets in the Habitats Series, contact your county office of the University of Maine Cooperative Extension.
Information in this publication is provided purely for educational purposes. No responsibility is assumed for any problems associated with the use of products or services mentioned. No endorsement of products or companies is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.
© 2003
Published and distributed in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by the University of Maine and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Cooperative Extension and other agencies of the USDA provide equal opportunities in programs and employment.
Call 800-287-0274 or TDD 800-287-8957 (in Maine), or 207-581-3188, for information on publications and program offerings from University of Maine Cooperative Extension, or visit extension.umaine.edu.
The University of Maine does not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, including transgender status and gender expression, national origin, citizenship status, age, disability, genetic information or veteran's status in employment, education, and all other programs and activities. The following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies: Director, Office of Equal Opportunity, 101 North Stevens Hall, 581-1226.
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This is in no way to be disrespectful to "The Original People" :) Harold Roe Bartle was the inspiration and one reason we have Our Kansas CIty Chiefs. He helped lure the Dallas Texans American Football League team to Kansas City in 1962; owner Lamar Hunt liked Bartle's nickname so much that he renamed the franchise the Kansas City Chiefs. He was a local Scout executive of several councils of the Boy Scouts of America, where he was nicknamed "The Chief" while working with American Indians in Wyoming.
He was Confrontational and Serious about the Right way to do things. As AP is today! He was promoted to Scout executive of the Pony Express Council in Saint Joseph, Missouri in 1925 and remained until late December, 1928 when he moved to Kansas City. While he was the Scout executive in St. Joseph, he appointed a Roman Catholic man as a Scout commissioner. Subsequently, a Ku Klux Klan mob came calling one night and demanded that he get rid of the man. His answer to them was "If any three or four of you want to step forward, I'll show you who is running Scouting in St. Joseph." The mob left and the commissioner stayed.
He created the Tribe of Mic-O-Say honor society in Saint Joseph, Missouri in 1925. I would imagine a very high honor for those that attain it. Many here have, not I, I commend you the Tribe of Mic-O-Say. The original tribe were at Camp Geiger, which succeeded Camp Brinton in 1935, is considered the 'mother' tribe of Mic-O-Say. Bartle was "The Chief," and conducted all the early ceremonies personally, placing an eagle claw around the neck of each new member and bestowing their Tribal Name upon them. He built up the tribe during the next few years.
This makes me think of the New Chiefs. The New Beginnings. To us here at AP, free to join and if worthy, free to remain civility, comradeship, and a Deep longing is all that is required. To the Tribe, more is required, and as the Chiefs. I Want My Damn Arrowhead on my Helmut !!! A Ceremony such as H.R. Bartle would be a fitting tribute for a summer of toil such as WE haven't seen. Pioli and Haley Will build up the Tribe in the years to come and WE will be there to support our true Kansas City Chiefs.
Geaux Chiefs


text:
The World Bank is looking to support the governments of Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania in developing a regional hydroelectric project under a Great Lakes Regional Initiative.
The landmark projects is anticipated to have transformational impact
and will provide lower-cost energy to homes, businesses, and clinics in
the region.
Expected to strengthen the capacity of the Nile Equatorial Lakes
Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP), the hydro project will provide
low-cost clean energy and improve economic conditions driven by new job
opportunities for the Nile Equatorial Lakes (NEL) sub-region in east
African countries.
World Bank senior energy specialist and project team leader Paul
Baringanire said, "The Regional Rusumo Falls Hydroelectric Project
provides a fresh opportunity to unlock energy potential in the Great
Lakes region, while safeguarding the environment."
World Bank agrees $340m investment in Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania hydro project
Posted by Admin | at 18:05
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text:
January 16, 2003
Valdosta - Some South Georgians stood in line for hours yesterday to fill their gasoline tanks for less than a dollar a gallon.
After the announcement that their store is on the list of K-Marts shutting down, the Valdosta K-Mart dropped gas prices to 99 cents a gallon.
In a matter of hours, all the pumps were empty. Now the K-Mart gas express is closed permanently. The store is scheduled to shut down in about 60 days.
posted at 3:50 by firstname.lastname@example.com
P.O. Box 3130
Albany, GA 31706
(229) 446-1010
FCC Public File
(229) 446-4005
EEO Report
Closed Captioning


text:
A few photographs from the show.
Little and large - the Isle of Wight shopping trip leaves Lee on Solent ..... with company...
Full sized craft, light hovercraft, models and thousands of enthusiasts....
the sea was too rough for many of the smaller craft to operate comfortably although it didn't stop some pilots from having a go,
The shoppers return......
and AP1-88 'Freedom 90' turns a bit too slowly during the fly past and kicks up spray....
before making a spectacular entry to the ramp - it takes skill to operate a large craft in a strong crosswind.....
while the grand old lady - the twin prop SRN6 - showed that despite being the oldest working hovercraft, she is very much alive and well at the Museum.
Small craft displayed in the arena - here is the ex Heathrow airport rescue craft...
while all the other full sized craft were open for inspection.
Some pictures taken at the Hovercraft Museum in October 2003 - well worth a visit but phone first for details.
See web link at the bottom of this page.
The first full size hovercraft - SRN1 - a model at the Hovercraft Museum
A model of an SRN2- this craft operated a ferry service in the Bristol Channel in the early 1960's. The SRN3 was a much bigger version of this craft.
Model of an SRN6
Two examples of the 'Winchester' class SRN6 - a longer version of the 'Warden' Class Military SRN5 The Canadian Coastguard use the SRN6 as a rescue vehicle as it can operate on water, land, mud and ice.
An SRN4 - these 'stretched' craft are huge!
Military hovercraft models.
A military hovercraft 'CC5' as used by the Marines
Hovercraft 'Swift' a car carrying SRN4 at the Museum prior to demolition - and a Radio Control model of an SRN6
Hovercraft SRN4 'Princess Margaret' a cross-channel car ferry, framed by the bow doors of 'Swift'
Something you won't see very often - the flight deck of a big hovercraft - in this case 'Swift'.
The SRN4 was huge!
A Rolls Royce 'Gnome' engine used to power SRN5 & 6 craft - a lot of power in a small package.
This engine is also used in many helicopters. It used a lot of jet fuel and modern craft are powered by diesel engines.
How about this for an early skirtless 'one man' hovercraft ........ speed in excess of 30 mph - hover height about 2"
Hovering reduces drag and friction between the bottom of the hovercraft and the ground or water. Air is blown into a chamber (plenum chamber ) under the craft by the lift fan and this air is held in place with a flexible skirt that acts as a seal. The air lifts the craft off the ground and acts as a lubricant so that a craft can travel faster with a smaller engine. Leakage from the base of the skirt forms a small air gap so that there is very little friction between the craft and the ground, although in practice the edge of the skirt is usually in contact with the surface. A boat has to push water aside to move, but a hovercraft skims over the surface and doesn't have to waste energy in moving huge volumes of water. A hovercraft exerts the same downward force on the surface as a seagull standing on one foot.
At low speed the craft will travel in a cloud of spray as it literally blows a hole in the water, but as it speeds up, it climbs out of the depression - known as 'going over hump' and then begins to skim. Once skimming the power required both for the air cushion (lift) and propulsion ( thrust ) is much reduced and the craft can go faster for a given engine output. Generally hovercraft work better as they get bigger as surface area squares in comparison to the circumference of the hull where the air leaks out - thus the bigger you get, the more efficient it is. Although it may seem that the lift engine uses a lot of power, in comparison with the advantages of speed and reduced friction, it doesn't.
The skirt acts as a seal to trap the air and hold it under the craft but also enables the 'hard structure' of the craft to hover at greater height and thus avoid obstructions - being flexible the skirt deforms to match the shape of the ground. Additionally although hovercraft are 'bumpy', the skirt absorbs much of the wave movement and they are generally smoother than a ship.
A model hovercraft.
Note how the craft is skimming over the water and not pushing through it.
A conventional boat would require much more power to run at hovercraft speeds and would be less stable. Another important factor is the wash - the model shown weighs about 1.5 KGs is travelling at over 20 miles per hour - and there are just a few ripples. At this speed a boat would create a huge wake. This is a major environmental benefit for full sized craft. Although not able to operate in extreme conditions they are very reliable. The hovercraft is one of the safest forms of passenger travel ever made.
Large craft have a lift fan dedicated to blowing air into the chamber under the hull and also into the skirt, and one or more fans or propellers for thrust. In some cases full size craft also use a single set of fans for lift and thrust ( like the CC5 above ) and use ducted air for propulsion jets. Others use one engine to drive lift and thrust systems through gearboxes. Bigger craft have multiple engines and drive systems.
Steering is achieved using rudders, swivelling propellers with variable and reverse pitch blades, moveable outlet ducts which literally blow the craft sideways or backwards and also by altering the balance of the craft and moving the skirt to adjust the centre of gravity and the centre of lift.
Another factor that has been essential in the success of hovercraft is the ability to come out of the water to load and unload. Being amphibious, there is no need for complex docking and mooring required by a ship. The craft can operate from any flat area and passengers and cars merely drive on and off using built in ramps. Whereas a ship needs jetties and moving ramps to deal with tidal conditions, a hovercraft just drives ashore, drops the ramp and loads the cargo. This means that you can get a lot more work out of a hovercraft - and a concrete pad is much cheaper to build and maintain than a harbour!
A 'chip tray' sized radio control 'integrated' model hovercraft.
Small craft use a different system that enables them to hover and move with only one engine. The fan is placed at the back and pushes the craft along, but some of the air - usually about 1/3 of the total - is diverted into the hull to make it hover. These craft must move forward to hover and can't operate in a static position on water, but a skilled driver can balance surface friction (drag ) against drive (thrust) on land and inflate the skirt without moving forward. This is known as an 'integrated' craft. The model above works well and is very small. Most smaller 'one man' craft are of this design. Small hovercraft are steered by a rudder and the driver leans the craft like a bike to increase the drag on one side and help it turn.
Driving a hovercraft is like nothing else. The nearest you can imagine is a tea tray on an ice rink. The craft will travel as easily sideways as forwards and will slide away on any slope or in a wind. You have to use the rudders and thrust of the engine to point the craft in the correct direction and then to push it where you want to go using the engines while taking any ground conditions, slope and wind speed into account. Turning is done by combining power, steering and balance.
Stopping can be done by gradually reducing power or in an emergency a small craft can be stopped by spinning round and opening up the engines while travelling backwards. Bigger craft have reverse thrust, small ones don't! 'Dumping' the lift is not an option as the craft will stop dead when it hits the ground and do a lot of damage to the passengers and cargo. It might also rip the skirt off and smash in the hull! Almost all craft are designed to survive a loss of lift on water, but it is not a pleasant experience and is like hitting a wall at full speed. In an emergency, such as an unexpected sandbank or gully, the driver has to open up the lift engine to give more cushion air to ride over the obstruction. This is against all natural instinct which is to shut down and stop! This makes for some interesting moments until the controls are mastered!
Craft are all designed to float and they can stop on water and take off again. They have landing pads to alight on hard ground without risk of hull damage. However the skirt will wear rapidly on dry surfaces and operating on concrete or tarmac is not suitable for long periods. All craft have buoyancy tanks to keep them afloat and can operate as an air propelled boat if the lift system fails - although they won't be very fast!
The design of the craft makes them extremely stable and despite a rather strange way of driving, they are easy to operate and very safe. They are also great fun to drive.
c Farvis Ltd 2009
Illustrations and text may be copied for educational purposes ( and homework ) only.
Visit the Hovercraft Museum Website www.hovercraft-museum.org


text:
Fear Me!Talk0
this wiki
Directory: Techniques → Offensive techniques → Physical techniques
|Fear Me!
|Alternate names
|Be Afraid!
|Manga: "Go, Gohan!"
Anime: "Gohan's Plea"
|Perfect Cell
|Perfect Cell
|or (Kiai)
|No Running
You Are Stronger Than I Expected
Fear Me! (さあ怒れ!) is a rush attack used by Cell in his Perfect form.
As he shouts "Show me your full power!", Perfect Cell double axe-handle punches the opponent. Then, he side kicks the opponent away and flies after them to punch them in their stomach. Finally, Perfect Cell puts his hand forward and knocks the opponent away with a Kiai, inflicting a huge amount of damage.
Perfect Cell uses this attack during his battle against Super Saiyan Gohan in the Cell Games. After Gohan dodged Perfect Cell's attacks, Perfect Cell decides to take the battle seriously and attacks Gohan with the "Fear Me!" rush, knocking Gohan into a mountain. However, Gohan manages to survive the attack and blasts out of the mountain with his energy, much to the Z Fighters' relief and Perfect Cell's shock.
Appearances in games
The attack was named "Fear Me!" in the Raging Blast games, where it appears as one of Perfect Cell's Super Attacks. Perfect Cell uses an attack similar the Fear Me! finishing Kiai against Future Trunks in the intro to Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Z.


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Many restaurants will undoubtedly be closed tonight. But for those who live near The Porter House in Montvale, which has five fireplaces, the restaurant has announced that it will be open and is offering a "To Hell with the Snow" deal – half off all dinner entrees tonight. (Drive safely.) Here's last fall's interview with the chef, Christopher Dunn.
Or if you'd rather stay in, here are a few fun DIY recipes to help pass the time.


text:
GreatSchools Rating
Teacher quality
Principal leadership
Parent involvement
DCPA has gone through alot of changes since the dismissal of Ms. Robertson but has made great strides in their leadership, academic programs & teachers. Ms. Dennis is a strong leader. She cares about the scholars, teachers & DCPA. She is backed by strong a supporting staff . Despite those that are against the schools success. I believe it will continue on to be a very successful school for its current scholars and future scholars. They have my support 100%. LETS GO DCPA!
not the best, but not the worst. i think majority of the parents that send their children to DCPA think the word "charter" entill some magical educational environment, this isnt the case here. DCPA underwent a lot of administrative changes when the founding principal Nita was discharged. since they havent been able to get it together. lots of changes and none for the better. once a FIRM CONSISTENT leader gets in place the school has great potential. my child went there for 2 years. she did learn and excel but in addition to there standards, i work with her at home to reinforce learning. u\she now attends public and is excelling there as well. there isnt any administravtive changes and the communication with the public school is phenomenal! there is no magic school-learning starts at home.
This is one of the worst charter school in Delaware. This is my oldest daughters third year here and I am taking her and my twins out today!!! It was good when Ms. Robertson was there she was a thorough principal but when they kick her out and fired her right in the beginning of the school year last year everything went downhill. Mr. Johnson is the most disrespectful principal I have ever met. He is not professional and talks down to students, staff and parents in front of people. He is totally unorganized and most of the teachers do not care . Anytime you walk into one of the classrooms it is a sure bet that you will see kids running around and total chaos. To get this school to give you feedback on anything is almost impossible...............It is sad because this school started off so well. I am hoping that they either shut this school down or get almost all new faculty including the principal. There are children bullying, using abusive language totally untamed. It is so sad. Please do not trust the test scores on how good the school is because it is simply NOT. I BEG any parent not to send their child there.
Community ratings and reviews do not represent the views of GreatSchools nor does GreatSchools check their accuracy or verify the reviewers' identities. Use your discretion when evaluating these reviews.
The Community Rating is the school's average rating from its community members (e.g., parents, students, and school staff). The highest possible rating is five stars; the lowest is one star.
510 West 28th Street
Wilmington, DE 19802
Website: Click here
Phone: (302) 762-7424
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Just about the time you think you have life down pat and you've refined your own moral code so that you know the answers to all the questions, along comes a situation like Syria.
In the beginning, I was totally opposed to the U.S. becoming involved in any but the most peripheral way. Partly that was based on not knowing the good guys from the bad guys when it seems that almost everyone involved is a bad guy and none of them is a particular friend to America.
"Let them figure it out for themselves," I said, "America has poked its nose too much in Middle East affairs."
And I meant it too ... until I saw the videos of all those dead kids wrapped in their shrouds, victims of chemical weapons on the part of their own government. (And, yes, we do know that the administration of Assad was responsible despite the conspiracy theories that abound on Facebook.)
And my earlier statements about it not being our problem made me think of Nazi Germany and dead Jews and Gypsies and gays, tortured and gassed and starved and killed, because the people then said, "it's not our problem" – an attitude that resulted in millions of bodies stacked like cordwood or buried in mass graves.
There has always been war and probably always will be war as long as mankind survives but then there are events so horrific that they go even beyond the awfulness of war itself. Chemical weapons, biological weapons, nuclear weapons, genocide....
The industrialized nations banded together as early as 1925 in the Geneva Protocol to ban these terrible agents and it has been reaffirmed over the decades. As of 2013, 138 nations have agreed not to use them (including Syria). The collective countries resolved amongst themselves that biological and chemical weapons simply cannot be tolerated in a civilized world.