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Whose Monument: Participatory Design Project for Monument-Street Buffer Zones
A collaboration between the Ministry of Antiquities and the Danish Egyptian Dialogue Institute. The project is a series of workshops, debates and meetings to discuss the relationship between the monument and the surrounding neighborhood, the entities responsible for it and those with a vested interest in it or even those inconvenienced by it. We discuss who owns it, who protects it and improves it and who puts it at risk. The objective is to provide a environment of communication of the different points of view of the three main stakeholders: residents, government and civil society.
In participatory design all stakeholders are involved in the decision making process in all its details and stages. This is to narrow the gap between the monument and the community and allow it to assume ownership of the monument and to protect it through use.
This general issue is discussed through a specific case-study; the monument-street buffer zone and in a specific area; al-Khalifa Street between the mosque of Ahmad ibn Tulun and the shrine of al-Sayyida Nafisa.
Project Phases:
Phase I: Seminar inside Ibn Tulun Mosque to present idea and invite stakeholders to participate (June 2012)
Phase II: 3 workshops with a mix of stakeholders with different type as majority each time. The aim is to compare between the requirements of the different stakeholders and identify commonalities and differences. (July 2012)
Phase III: Seminar hosted during Ramadan to discuss and announce the outcome of the Phase II workshops.
Phase IV: Identification of 20 representative individuals from all the stakeholder groups to work on 5 particular case studies (Sayyida Nafisa; Umm al-Salih and al-Ashraf; Ruqayya; Vegetable Market; Tulun) to propose specific solutions for the monument-street interface. (September 2012)
Phase V: Synthesis and debate of findings through website and in the neighbourhood through a series of public meetings, then presentation of results through a second seminar in Ibn Tulun (October 2012)
Phase VI: Dissemination and discussion of results through a symposium to be held in collaboration with the Ministry of Antiquities. (November 2012)
Phase I: a seminar in Ibn-Tulun mosque
The seminar in Ibn Tulun aimed at getting to know the residents and their perspective on the problems of this historical street, and whether they were interested in participating in the workshops.
Phase II: three participatory research workshops held in mid July
The purpose of the three workshops was three-fold:
- A candid discussion of the problems of Historic Cairo and proposals for their solution through the cooperation of the stakeholders.
- Preliminary field investigation of the monument clusters in the street.
- Role playing exercises aimed at achieving a higher degree of communication and understanding between the different stakeholder representatives.
- Steps taken to resolve the garbage problem in co-operation between the municipality and the residents.
- Steps taken to restart the children's school in Gayer Anderson's museum in co-operation between the Ministry of Antiquities and the Built Environment Collective (an Egyptian NGO).
- Identification of the main topic for participatory design workshop:
a) General needs assessment study of the street,
b) Rehabilitation of Shagaret el-Dur mausoleum cluster and neighboring mosque,
c) Development of Mohamed al Anwar cluster with empty plot and abandoned building adjacent.
Phase III: Ramadan seminar discussing the outcome of the Phase II workshops
A panel was arranged where each panel member gave a presentation dealing with issues in the area relevant to the issues raised during the phase II workshops. The session ended with a discussion involving the audience. The discussion delt with:
- Garbage issue solutions
- Challenging the issues presented for the children's museum program
- Monument awareness both locally and internationally, and the impact of the local on the international
Phase IV: Participatory Design Workshops
The day started with a presentation of the project and where it stood at that particular phase and that the participatory design phase of the project would concentrate on three case studies:
- A needs assessment for the street.
- Muhammad al-Anwar monument cluster
- Shagarat al-Durr / Sayyida Ruqayya monument cluster
The ensuing discussion was extremely positive with residents proposing potential avenues to explore such as liaising with a group of residents who had applied to MSA to restore the mosque of al-Anwar and were ready to fund it but lacked the technical expertise. They also proposed that existing NGOS be included in the discussion. They proceeded to call them and invite them to attend the meetings. They also called figures they felt were of significance such as a garbage collection sub contractor, also from the neighborhood. The general ambience was extremely proactive and it was in this spirit that groups were formed to address the three case studies. The groups invited more residents to the discussion at the end of the first day with the result that it became an impromptu public meeting.
The second day concentrated on field investigation. The Muhammad al-Anwar group concentrated on phasing the conservation project and setting up a technical team to prepare a proposal ready for implementation. It also looked at ownership and potential uses of the empty plots and property around the site. The Shagarat al-Durr / Sayyida Ruqayya group concentrated on a general analysis of the issues and ideas for the adaptive reuse of Shagarat al-Durr and the unfinished mosque next to it. The street group organized a quick survey to identify the places with potentials and problems and mark them on the map. It included the following:
- Top 3 problems
- Top 3 advantages or positive points
- Worst 3 places
- Best 3 places
- Top 3 needs
They then compared their observations to those of residents they had polled. The result was that mosques and shrines were perceived as positive if they were in use. Disused monuments such as al-Ashraf Khalil and Fatima Khatun were seen as negative, as was Shagarat al-Durr.
The street group also recommended that the Shagarat al-Durr group should extend its scope to the rear of the monument, a street, which many of the interviewees found problematic. It also saw that the Ashraf Khalil / Fatima Khatun zone should be included in the scope of the work and that the empty slope in front of it has great potential as a seating area for recreation.
The core group took the week to prepare an interactive exhibition to be set up for an hour after Friday prayer in the ziyada of the mosque of Ibn Tulun, and then to be moved to the front yard of the mosque of al-Sayyida Sukayna. The aim of the exhibition was threefold:
- To attract attention and open the discussion through provocative visuals that show the potential of the street for better or for worse. So for the vacant areas around al- Sayyida Ruqayya, fantastic (and not so fantastic) proposals including an amusement park, a garbage dump, a huge park, an informal settlement, a huge mosque were created using collage and people were asked to put a star in front of their favourite use. Needless to say, the amusement park was a great hit with the children – another variation on the theme of the first day of the first workshop in which it was clear that the street was in dire need of play areas for children.
- To get feedback on our findings, particularly the solutions or rehabilitation of disused spaces and adaptive reuse of monuments in our study zone – this is in addition to more feedback on the survey conducted by the street group and the best and worst aspects of the street and how to improve them.
- To engage children – this was done by distributing two colouring sheets designed especially for the project, the first of a historic house in the neighbourhood with some of the features missing – for children to complete and colour – and the second was strip with the story of Shagarat al-Durr, which our survey indicated was not know to the people of the street.
People's response was extremely encouraging and positive, the groups then went back to Shagarat al-Durr school and briefed each other about the feedback they got.
The next day, the three groups worked on the proposals. The Muhammad al-Anwar group also met with the private donors willing to fund the restoration and arranged to follow up later with a technical proposal and budget. Another development happening in tandem was an initiative from the municipality to clean two of the vacant lots we were investigating and which were government owned. The workshop thus ended in a positive and urgent tone.
Phase V: Presentation of the results through a Final Seminar in Ibn Tulun mosque
The final seminar was on the 10th of November in Ibn Tulun mosque. Dr.May al Ibrashy briefly explained the priject's idea for new attendees and moved on to explaining the process and events leading the project to result in 4 different proposed ideas for a couple of nodes in the street. Then representatives from the residents and the teams each explained the proposals they arrived at through the workshops. A package of documents elaborating the proposals was disseminated among the attendees (check the package out from here) and after the presentations of the residents, a discussion was open for feedback and suggestions. The seminar acts as an end to the workshops and designs phase and a start for the "What's next" phase to follow up on the proposed ideas' progress towards implementation.
Please check out the short documentary about the project and its phases:
Athar Lina Children's Heritage School
As a result of the participatory design project, many of the proposals were targeting activities for children, as there was an evident void in that area. From there, originated the idea for a children's heritage school.
The Athar Lina Children's Heritage School is a volunteer-led project, a follow-up project to Athar Lina I. Based in Shagarat al-Durr Primary School, a public school located in the area covered by Athar Lina, ALCHS is a series of sessions that aim at developing children's awareness to the vast heritage in their immediate neighbourhood.
An opening event took place where a mural was designed and painted on the school wall with help of the school's children.
The sessions were aimed at two classes - 5th & 6th grade classes - and took place every Thursday from 8am to 1pm for a period of two months. The activities were themed around specific monuments located within the street; they are:
- Drama > Shagarat al-Durr
- Arts > Gayer-Anderson
- Crafts > Ibn Tulun, Ruqayya, Ja`fari & `Atika
- Field Visits > Ibn Tulun, Gayer-Anderson
Drama sessions
The school kicked off with a drama class given to a 5th grade class at Shagarat al-Durr Primary School. Led by Mohamed El-Ghawy of AFCA, the children were shown how to get comfortable with their bodies by starting off with "actor's workshop" exercises. After a couple of hours of exercising, the 5th graders gained courage and were ready for the second activity on the programme; the play.
Using the story of Shagarat al-Durr, an Ayyubid queen upon which the school is named after and whose monument is down the street, students started by first sharing their own versions of the story. Then, they were told the story in full and thus started planning for the play. Dividing the story up into main events, or Acts, main characters - a storyboard started appearing. The students selected the characters amongst themselves and presented a preliminary rehearsal that was in turn fine-tuned into a 7-minute narrated play directed by El-Ghawy.
Arts sessions
During the arts sessions, the children were encouraged to use a wide range of media: pencil colours, colour markers, poster paints, spray paints and stencils, beads, buttons, BBQ stick, toothpicks, etc. A large number of volunteers were present to help them use and guide them through the different activities.
In the first activity, the students were divided into groups of 5. Each group was presented with a coloured poster with small abstracted drawings inspired by the legends of Gayer-Anderson. Interpretation of these drawings were left to their imaginations as they were encouraged to draw/paint whatever they'd like in the poster space right in front of them. Then, each group was asked to link their drawings together and come up with a holistic story representing the poster.
The students were then told the different legends of Gayer-Anderson; this led to the second activity. The students were shown a plate commissioned by Gayer-Anderson and each was asked to interpret it in his own way using the given media.
Crafts sessions
Gypsum was the material selected for the 5th and 6th grade crafts sessions. Accompanied by Amr, a craftsman with specialised experience in dealing with historical buildings, Mariam Ahmad led these sessions. Students were first introduced to the material by Amr who showed them how gypsum is mixed then poured into a mould. Then, they were shown images of different ornamented elements decorated by gypsum in nearby monuments.
The programme was themed around the mosque of Ibn Tulun - located directly opposite the school. Blocks of gypsum, with elements derived from the mosque, i.e doors, windows, crenellations, were prepared so students were able to start carving right away.
Students also pour their own moulds of the mosque's crenellations, extract them, and draw and paint on them.
Field Visits sessions
Students, divided into four groups, were taken across the street to the awe-inspiring mosque of Ibn Tulun. The programme, designed and led by May al-Ibrashy, started off with a treasure hunt. In this leg of the game, the children were tipped off with clues on where to find their treasures.
Colour-coded, the groups took off searching for a series of 5 packs that held goods that will be used in the second leg. Looking for the packs, the students learnt the names of the main features of the mosque, e.g. mihrab, dikka, etc., were shown how to read a building plan, guided to N-S-E-W directions from the direction of the Quibla, and developed a keen eye for looking for distinctive patterns and decorations.
The packs held puzzle pieces that, when solved, tell a piece of the story of Ibn Tulun and show an image related to the mosque. After solving the puzzle pieces, all students gathered and told the complete story.
The final leg involved each group creating a poster, with facts from the story they just heard, their drawings, and the colouring and laying out of images found in the pack, and presenting it.
Link to Ahram Online article on Athar Lina 2
The conservation project of Shajar al-Durr Dome | Al-Khalifa Inside Out
1- The conservation project of Shajar al-Durr Dome
One of the components of the third phase of the Athar Lina project is the conservation of Shajar al-Durr Dome constructed in 1250. The project will also include the rehabilitation of the adjacent building into its former function as a small clinic complex. The project was initiated in November 2013 in collaboration with MSA & BEC (Megawra) with funding from the American Research Centre in Egypt and The Barakat Trust, UK, in addition to private funding for the rehabilitation component.
Initiation of Works on Site
Cleaning the mausoleum and starting rehabilitation of the clinic.
Some Upcoming Works
- Conservation of discovered medallions. - Restoration of the effects of underground water on the building
2- Al-Khalifa Inside Out
Al-Khalifa Inside Out is a community outreach component targeting Cairo's citizens both inside al-Khalifa and outside. The aim is to raise awareness of the historical importance of the street, encourage the community to visit its monuments, walk in its streets and advertise the goods and services offered in the area. The current stage includes a workshop to design the street map and signage system. This in addition to a one day event called Spend your Day in Khalifa with guided tours, an exhibition and a storytelling performance by Chirine el-Ansary of the tales of the street.This component is funded by the British Council.
Spend your Day in Khalifa
The event was held on the 30th November 2013, its aims were:
- Informing the neighbourhood about Athar Lina, particularly phase 3, which involves the conservation of the mausoleum of Shajar al-Durr, the rehabilitation of the adjacent building to its former use and involve them in the decision-making process as well as the administration of the project.
- Finish and inaugurate phase I of the mapping workshop (murals at the two ends of the street illustrating its monuments and highlights its commercial sector).
- Launch the outreach and media campaign to bring local tourism to al-Khalifa Street.
- Fundraise for small scale improvements in the street. Proceeds will be held and run by a neighbourhood committee with Athar Lina acting as advisor.
Activities start from 2:00 pm and include:
- Guided tours through al-Khalifa's monuments and traditional workshops.
- A children's treasure hunt game in which they map the interesting features of the street.
- Inauguration of maps to be put at the entrances to the street to show visitors the highlights of al-Khalifa and convince them to visit it.
- An exhibition on al-Athar Lina Initiative and al-Khalifa Street.
- And at 7:00 pm to celebrate the inauguration of the clinic:
A storytelling performance by Chirine el-Ansary in which she weaves together the street's history and the stories of its people into a performance written especially for al-Khalifa.
- The people of al-Khalifa.
- Graffiti artists: the wall murals committe.
- English Socity (Faculty of Arts - Ain Shams University) : the organization committe.
- Huras al-Hadara.
- Resala.
All proceeds go into a fund for the improvement to the street to be administered by the neighbourhood committee.
Creating Children's Play Spaces Workshop:
This workshop focused on al-Khalifa street in Islamic Cairo- part of the Athar Lina project- participants worked on design pop-up playground by which the children of the street can reclaim as public play space using recycled materials! The designs will be then implemented as part of the rehabilitation of the clinic next to Shajar al- Durr Mausoleum.
- 13 January: Public lecture
Lecture by Maryam al-Touny about Athar Lina project.
Lecture by Nevien Akl about Cairo's public space in general.
Lecture by Ahmed Borham about his project "movable barriers"
Lecture by Renet Korthals Altes on design for children, the theory of play and design to play.
- 17 January: Research, meet the neighborhood.
Investigate the locations: location's qualities and challenges? What are they used for? Who uses them? Where could we store the elements?
- 18 January: Design - conceptual phase
Participants were divided into 5 groups and worked with the children on models of the games they would love to have in their play area.
- 31 January - 1 February: Implementation
Building the pop-up elements- All the participants helped in the execution of the interventions, together with teenagers and the professionals (carpenters etc) from the neighbourhood.
The clinic opened its doors to the Khalifa children in the afternoon. The participants recieved the feedback needed on how the play elements could be improved according to size, material e.t.c. The elements will be further developed for upcoming children's events.
The Opening of the Al-Khalifa clinic - 6th of April
This event completes the first phase of the rehabilitation and reuse of the building adjacent to the mausoleum ( the al-Khalifa community center).
1- Conservation of the building
The conservation works were completed by the AtharLina initiative incoporation with Megawra Built enviroment collective.
Pictures of the building before the conservation process
Pictures of the building after the conservation process
2- Rehabilitation of the building
The clinic is opened to the public everyday - except Fridays and saturdays- from 5pm to 10pm. The clinic has a pediatrician and GP. The clinic is under the management of al-Khalifa resident's committee.
3- Future Plans for the clinic:
The team is curently working on a design proposal to increase the number of examination rooms. A service center is also part of the future plans and will consist of a kindergarten and Quran school under the supervision of the residence. A heritage awareness unit will also be avaliable under the supervision of Megawra built enviroment collective.


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Phillies Going HD
"The Phillies have partnered with Sony Electronics' System Solutions Group and Daktronics to dramatically enhance the fans' viewing experience at Citizens Bank Park. The $10 million upgrade includes the installation of a massive new video display. When completed, the Phillies HD display will be the largest in the NL and among the largest in the world - measuring 76 feet high and 97 feet wide." Look at the Phillies going all Jerruh Jones!

subset: commoncrawl


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News: Game Bites Bullet Over Butterfly Face Tat: "I Really, Really Was An Idiot At That Point In My Life" [Video]
Sunday, Oct 6, 2013 11:22PM
West Coast rapper Game recently talked about his infatuation with tattoos and why, notably, he decided to get a now-infamous one placed onto his face.
Asked about his butterfly-turned-Los Angeles intials-turned-star, the former G-Unit member blamed his youth and state-of-mind at the time for inspiring the facial ink.
"You know what, when I was growing up, if you did something within the confines of the gang you were from, and you were able to get a tattoo in a certain space and I don't know, I thought that reward was pretty cool. So I got my first tattoo, which was the tear drop, for doing the wrong thing and after that it was tattoo after tattoo. I probably got about 100. Over 100. [The face tattoo?] I really, really was an idiot at that point in my life. It's a star with 'LA', putting on for my city." ("Larry King Now")
Last year, Game joking talked about sports icon Magic Johnson donning some facial ink.
"Yo, man. I was gonna recommend that Magic gets the same tattoo I have but just the blue star. I think that'd be so cool. I talked to [Dodgers star] Matt Kemp in the club a couple of weeks ago," Game said in an interview. "I even brought that up, that Magic should get a face tat. He was like, 'I don't know.' Hopefully, man. He's gonna see what he can do. I think it'd be dope. We'll see. It's Magic. Stars are affiliated with magic. Even at Disneyland, when Mickey wears the little magic hat, it's got stars on it. So what I'm saying is it might be a good look for Magic, man." (ESPN)
In 2011, the platinum-selling rapper talked about Atlanta's Gucci Mane sporting an ice cream tattoo.
"I seen Gucci's new face tat and as soon I did, I thought 'finally they can get off me about his butterfly/star/LA sh*t.' That's what I thought. But you know what man, I don't give a f*ck about what they say about anybody, a muthaf*cka could tattoo a butterfly, ice cream cone, apple pie on their cheek. Bottom-line, if you know Gucci, you know he's real. He been on trial for his life and all of that. He bodied people. So he could tattoo a f*ckin' tampon on his face for all I care. You can't say he's buster or whatever. And me I done been shot, stole sh*t, robbed people, everyth-f*ckin'-thing you can think of. Tattoos don't mean sh*t, they ain't nothing but good art." (VIBE)
Back in summer 2011, tattoo addict Machine Gun Kelly sat down with SOHH and opened up on facial ink.
"Nah dude, nah, no ice creams on my face," Kelly told SOHH referring to Gucci Mane's publicized face ink. "I'm trying to score those movie roles, man. I'm trying to be on the big screen like I'm f*cking Ronald Reagan, f*cking Harrison Ford. [laughs] I mean, hmmm... Tom Cruise. Leonardo DiCaprio. As soon as I lay the major movie role where I'm satisfied, like, never having to be in a movie again, I'm going to tattoo the sh*t out of my whole body." (SOHH)
Check out Game's interview:


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We all remember our first radio. I got my license back in the day when separate transmitters and receivers were more common than transceivers are today. So, my first radio was a combination of a Hammarlund HQ-101 receiver and a Heathkit DX-60B transmitter. With this combination, I was able to operate CW and AM on the 80m, 40m, 20m, 15m, and 10m bands. Of course, because I was only a Novice, I wasn't allowed on 20m at all, and could only operate CW on the other bands.
Today, it's more common for one's first radio to be a VHF or VHF/UHF FM transceiver. Now that some Chinese companies have entered the amateur radio market, you can buy a handheld VHF/UHF transceiver, like the Baofeng UV-5R, shown at right, for less than $75 in the U.S. A handheld transceiver makes a good first radio, but remember that it is just your first radio. If you never buy a second (or a third or a fourth), you won't be able to take advantage of what our great hobby offers.
The ARRL has actually done a much better job of advising new hams about buying a first radio than I can do here. So, let me point you to the ARRL Web page, "Buying Your First Radio." On this page, there are links to several PDF files that will help you choose your first radio.
The first publication you'll see there is the 24-page brochure, Choosing a Ham Radio. Reading this publication will get you thinking about what kind of operating you want to do, which is really the first step in choosing the right radio for you. Next, it describes features found in modern radios, and you'll gain a good understanding of how that affects your choice of radio.
Choosing a Ham Radio also contains a lot of information about HF, or shortwave, radios. While you may start out on the VHF and UHF bands, I would encourage you to think about getting on HF, even before you upgrade to General. For me, anyway, the magic of radio is on the shortwave bands, and at the very least, you owe it to yourself to try it.
Buying Used Gear
One approach to getting your first radio is to buy used gear. In general, I would advise against doing this for your first radio. One reason not to buy a used radio is that you're often just buying someone else's problems, especially if you're not in a position to evaluate the condition of a radio. Another reason is that an older radio will not have all the features and could be more difficult to operate than a newer radio.
Having said that, used equipment is not always a bad deal. You might, for example, be able to purchase an older radio from someone you trust, like your Elmer (see Chapter 1) or a fellow club member. When you purchase a radio from someone you trust, not only are you more certain that it will work properly, but you'll have someone to go to with questions or to consult with if there are problems.
Not only that, if you ask nicely, the ham might even let you use the radio for a while before actually purchasing it. I know that I've lent equipment to new hams in the past. Sometimes they decide to buy the radio. Other times, they've decided to purchase a new radio. In either case, they were able to make their decision based on experiences they had with an actual radio.
Finally, don't worry about making the perfect choice. First off, there's no perfect choice, and second, you can always sell the radio and buy something else. Chances are you'll be able to sell it for not too much less than what you paid for it, and you'll have gained a whole lot of experience.


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SIZE 3.38 oz
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Lucky Legs: Cooling Serum - rapid relief for heavy legs and feet...
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Please see Customer Service-Shipping for more information.
Oh, baby! We all want beautiful skin, but when stretch marks, cellulite, and lax skin appear during and after pregnancy, we often feel anything but beautiful.
Created by four women in London with nine children between them, Mama Mio is about feeling gorgeous and confident—with formulations that are completely selfish—to nourish your body after devoting nine months to your sweet little one.
And with great names like Pregnancy Boob Toob and Keep Calm Nipple Balm, these must-have products will address the skincare issue you want to overcome, and keep you smiling at the same time.
BEST PRODUCT EVER! I'm exercising daily and this feels amazing on my tired gams. I've given it to every pregnant lady I know. On you rffet all day or not use this. Wish I'd known about it sooner!!!


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- Home
- News
- Suit claims 'American Idol' execs disqualified black contestants 'to scandal-monger Nielsen ratings'
Entertainment & Sports Law
Suit claims 'American Idol' execs disqualified black contestants 'to scandal-monger Nielsen ratings'
Posted Jul 29, 2013 2:04 PM CDT
By Debra Cassens Weiss
A 429-page discrimination lawsuit filed by Corey Clark and nine other former American Idol contestants claims that the show exploited the criminal backgrounds of the black contestants.
The Hollywood Reporter posted the complaint. Rather than allowing African-Americans to compete on their strengths as artists, the suit says, the show's top senior executives "ran interference on them, sabotaging their promising careers as recording artists and gutting them of the opportunity they rightfully earned to become the next American Idol. Why? Because the plaintiffs' identities could be used to scandal-monger Nielsen ratings while reinforcing the age-old stereotype of the 'black criminal.'"
The suit says the executives illegally obtained information on criminal backgrounds "through a process known as 'contestant vetting,' " and chose to "publicly humiliate—with maximum fanfare—virtually every top-ranking black American Idol contestant who had a record of arrest (no matter how petty the alleged crime and no matter whether there was a conviction or an acquittal)." White contestants with criminal records, on the other hand, "were championed as models of redemption," the suit says.
The show's contestants signed agreements, but the suit claims they are "highly oppressive, unconscionable Willy Wonka contracts."
"Like the fantastical depiction of the visually warped contractual language in the famed 1971 movie," the suit says, "the American Idol CONTESTANT AGREEMENT strains all levels of comprehension in its mindbending labyrinth of nonsensical provisions."
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London - Model Daisy Lowe who went topless for the Esquire magazine is jealous of Lara Stone's "perky†breasts and thinks that she has a perfect body.
In a recent interview Lowe talked about the body shape of women in the fashion world, and said she envied Lara Stone for her "massive†assets, branding her husband, comedian David Williams, a "lucky manâ€
"There's definitely been some sort of a shift, because I think women want to buy clothes that suit their bodies and the average women is not a stick,†Daily Mail quoted her as telling Esquire magazine.
"Lara Stone is one, I guess. She has massive tits. They're amazing. So perky. Wow. David Walliams is a lucky man,†she added.
The 22-year-old model also revealed that she is proud of her curvy body as compared to the ultra thin models in the fashion world.


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UPDATE (10DEC11) – BETA 4 RELEASED… click here
UPDATE (07DEC11) – BETA 3 RELEASED : sub-millisecond non-render GET overhead, JSTL support, adaptive pools… click here
UPDATE – BETA 2 RELEASED… click here
The tables below provide summary results for the stateless JSF implementation discussed below.
Requests per second
|Hello World
|2050 req / sec
|2158 req / sec
|Small view
|1000 req / sec
|1850 req / sec
|Large view
|20 req / sec
|750 req / sec
Overhead – framework time outside Component.render();
|Small view
|<1 millisecond
|Large view
|<1 millisecond
NOTE: Since writing the article we have noticed our load test times were being adversely affected by the realtime graph listener in JMeter. Actual performance is significantly better than stated in the article. The small view sample page for example renders stateless not at 26,500 rpm but 110,000 requests per minute (large view 45,000 rpm). Stateful JSF also does better on the small views, though no better on the large
Browser side latency improvement – large view
However, corporate environments always have a legacy base of software preventing rapid change. Many of you have an existing investment in JSF or desire to remain with the JEE standard. We need to provide a mechanism where JSF can be used as a lightweight compositing mechanism, with very low CPU and memory overhead if desired, in order to transition to a more client side approach to web development.
It is reasonable to expect the performance of page rendering to be mostly dependent on the amount of mark-up rendered (aside from time spent outside the framework like in database calls). Currently this is not the case with JSF. Page performance is largely related to the size of the view tree, regardless of whether the vast bulk of it is excluded from render due to being in non rendered branches.
This fact is the reason why many JSF apps seem so sluggish – even when they are rendering what appear to be simple pages.
JSF users, at this point, will start paring back page complexity by putting sections in multiple pages where not really warranted, seeking to minimise the view size. You could also do things like use JSTL c:if tags to trim whole branches from the view. However, you can get side effects. For example, using c:if to initially exclude a composite component from a page prevents any associated resource references from being included in the html head. This then causes issues on subsequent partial ajax rendering if and when the component is displayed. That's why JSTL is generally discouraged from facelet based templates. If you do not use it, however, the view grows quickly.
The whole point of component based development though is to be able to handle more complex pages. In this sense, JSF as-is has fallen short of its goals. You don't have to push the limits much to get less than stellar performance.
So what can we do to make JSF zippier?
The fundamental question is:
If not we can gain considerable performance advantages. In my experience it's not commonly used, or is better done in the client, and for these reasons the costs of fully supporting it as things stand are too great.
Introducing Stateless JSF
Those familiar with the way the Tapestry framework operates will have an idea of where we are going with this.
Processing the mutable view structure in JSF (whether originally INTENDED or not) is IN PRACTICE a heavyweight operation for non trivial views. There seems to be an ongoing debate regarding this. Having used JSF for many projects, this has, for me, been settled.
With this in mind – rather than constantly recreating the views, we are going to pool and re-use them for other requests.
For this you will pay the price of:
- * You can't (or shouldn't) create the view dependant on any data that changes with respect to each request (normally easy if you don't use JSTL).
- * You can't (or shouldn't) mutate the view after it's created.
- * All persistent component state should be flushed to backing beans (you are most probably doing this anyway).
I say "you shouldn't" because in the current implementation the altered view is put back in the pool as-is. If you do not respect the restriction, the pooled views will diverge in structure and you will start to get differing behaviour for each request. We could enforce this with a hash check and flag an error if a mutated view is returned to the cache, but this will suffice initially.
On the upside – views though static can be as complex as you want with very little performance penalty. Rather than changing the view in time, ramp up complexity by putting in many branches that are conditionally rendered.
An Overview of the Implementation
One plus in our solution is that we ARE NOT changing any core implementation classes. We are simply making use of the 'plugability' and extensibility of JSF (something they did get right), by slightly (or majorly!) overriding the state manager, the view handler, and the view language factory. These can all be cleanly overridden by adding entries to the faces-config.xml file to provide alternate implementations.
We will not, therefore, need to provide custom implementation jars at all. We will be using the default JSF 2.1.3 Mojarra release jars. Note that although we provide alternate implementations of these components, we are overriding the existing implementation classes, so it's not guaranteed you can move the classes to a different version of Mojarra, and certainly not MyFaces. Porting should not be difficult however.
I have also taken care to allow an incremental changeover. Individual pages can be marked as running in stateless mode. The remainder will operate exactly as they do now.
Here are the changes that are required to be made to run stateless:
- * in the view definition language factory, we will return a subclass of the FaceletViewHandlingStrategy that only runs buildView() ONCE. We do this by placing a marker on the ViewRoot to indicate we've already built the view.
- * override the state manager to NOT store any per view state (huh? We'll get to that)
- * override the view manager to pool and re-use UIViewRoot components.
- * provide a phase listener to return the view to the pool after render. Note that the pool manager will enforce a minimal time in the pool before supplying to a new request. This is because the post render event is not the end of JSF processing and we must ensure there is no overlap between requests.
When we do this, we are forced to accept some restrictions compared to stateful JSF.
- * make sure the view is created without regard to any data that varies between requests. This is normally easy to do if you steer clear of using jstl tags.
- * be careful with JSTL tags (particularly c:if). Views are only built once, so if a c:if test initially returns false, it will never appear in any view. This is unlike normal behaviour where buildView continuously tests the conditional and inserts/trims the view as needed. c:if tags can be used to prune the UIViewRoot tree at build time to reduce the latency of buildView and minimise the viewstate. However, now that we are caching the view, page performance is not affected by buildView. Make the pages as complex as required for the function and exclude as needed with simple conditionally rendered fragments. Do not prematurely optimise – you will be surprised how much you can pack into the view compared to stateful mode.
- * The addToView event can't be relied upon – its only called once on initial creation and not every time we are re-using the view
- * It is normally possible (though not common) to work with JSF directly against the UIComponent objects in the view heirarchy, and have the state retained across requests without binding to a backing bean. Since we are not retaining any per view state this is no longer possible.
- * Some other features I don't use and haven't tested for may not work (let us know).
Before being returned back into the available pool, the component tree is traversed, resetting all UIInput components. This is obviously to ensure that a field submitted from user 1 is not displayed to a different user 2 when the view is later retrieved from the view cache and re-used. A non-initialised UIInput sets itself from the backing bean – which is exactly the behaviour we need. However, state that is not flushed through to backing beans or returned to the server for later submission due to validation failure is lost. You can think of this as ultra-thin split client/server side state saving (client side on validation failure, server side on success)
A word of caution. DO NOT just plug these classes into your app without having a good understanding of the JSF lifecycle, the persistent state of your custom components, and your particular circumstances. To overcome deficiencies in previous versions of JSF, or to achieve some particular behaviour, components have been developed that either mutate the component tree and/or store some sort of hidden state in the tree. Now I don't use any of them, but if you do, the data will be retained in the view pool, possibly to be later used in the request cycle of a different user, and in the worst case this will be used to render markup and COMPROMISE CONFIDENTIAL USER data to others.
The only data expected to be flushed as temporary state through the view during a cycle (that needs to be cleaned up) is assumed to be components derived from UIInput. This includes the form fields. Any custom component you are using (and possibly some from the common JSF component libraries) that stores state into the view may be problematic in this regard. CHECK!!!
JSF State
The concept of what exactly is 'STATE' in JSF is also confusing. In a fully mutable view we must record the structure of the tree, as well as any persistent state related to each of the components in the tree.
If the tree structure does not change, the tree structure is by and large stateless. If you mandate all form data must be bound to backing beans, you don't need to store the fields of this stateless tree either.
Indeed, the frustrating thing about all this JSF state saving is that if you don't manipulate the tree structure (more common than not in my experience), all your views are exactly the same, and the UIComponent values may actually all be replicated in your backing beans.
Things like el expressions are just late bound string literals evaluated at a later time, but their representation in the tree is a simple string. The dynamic behaviour in this regard is conferred by having different backing beans presented to the view at different times (controlled via scope).
Now, data submitted from form values is, during the JSF lifecycle, stored in the view and processed. The UIViewRoot is not threadsafe, and that is why we must pool them and ensure they are not used in two different cycles at the same time.
However the state in the viewroot only exists during the actual request cycle. Any form data is bound into the tree at phase 2 of the JSF cycle. If it fails validation, it's sent back to the client browser to be rendered as form fields again (our client side state). If it validates it is flushed through to a backing bean which, if appropriately scoped is retained across requests (our server side state, if you will).
So if any input values in the tree have already been replicated somewhere else and the tree doesn't change. Is it REALLY necessary to persist ANY per view state? From what i can see, no (correct me if i am mistaken)
The advantage of this pooled view approach is that the actual views are cached, you only need as many to handle the maximum CONCURRENT requests, and they belong to the entire application. State flows through these pooled views temporarily during the JSF lifecycle, and end up either being sent back to the client or flushed through to your backing beans.
At this point the view can be reset and sent back to the free pool to be reused.
In the event that all of your backing beans for a view remain request or application scoped, you can run a JSF site for which there is no incremental persistent per request or per user retained state on the server, AND you forego continuous per-request CPU hit of the buildView part of the render phase, which can be significant (we'll see how much shortly).
You will in this case, in the steady state, achieve scaling along the lines of what you'd expect from a simple front controller based framework like struts. This is definitely NOT the case with JSF out of the box, and severely limits its use.
With that said, let's have a look at performance gains using our stateless changes.
I'm going to make a simple page and ramp up its complexity using the jstl c:forEach tag. As previously mentioned JSTL tags are applied at build time to affect behaviour during construction of the view tree. Foreach will actually create multiple UIComponent siblings and place them as children within the parent component. This is in contrast to the facelet ui:repeat which creates one component (uirepeat, funnily enough), and does request time iteration (and 'smart' fast forwarding on postback) to render the same component with different attributes.
One bug I have found is that calling buildView on a viewRoot is not idempotent. I find that the composite components don't hold their place in the child list. They get moved to the end and therefore render in the wrong place on the page. If you hack around with the code and find this happening, you are calling buildView on a pooled viewroot. If you create a view and build it fine. If you build it any more than once, the composite components get re-arranged.
Performance Results
Testing was done on a Core2 laptop, Windows NT, Apache Tomcat 7.10, JDK 7u1, default settings. Incidentally – the escape analysis based optimisations in Java 7 (lock elision and scalar replacement) can confer very impressive performance gains.
I'm going to break the testing into two separate tests to illustrate the two advantages gained by our stateless model – CPU (single user) and memory (multi-user).
In the first case I will saturate the server from JMeter, retaining the session cookie, to gauge straight out speed without worrying about memory overload (only one user session will be created).
Single User
A simple page with a facelet included, a composite component, and a small number of inputs. In other words, a trivial site not comparable to any real site. A page such as you would find in a JSF tutorial.
Ok so trivial page, single user, we get around 11,000 pages per minute after giving hotspot a chance to do its thing (18 milliseconds per request).
Now let's try our stateless model under the same conditions:
Ok stateless we top out at around 26,500 requests per minute (A 135 percent increase over standard.
Now if you left it at that you'd think it's an improvement but not a major issue –even 11,000 requests per minute is more than enough to satisfy most throughput requirements.
You would, however, be grossly MISTAKEN.
Intuitively you would feel page time is mostly related to the complexity of the rendered output. This does not appear to be correct – in current implementations of Mojarra its more related to the complexity of the view, regardless of whether it's all rendered or not. This is the thing that trips up those new to JSF.
To highlight my point, let's increase the complexity and size of the view, while at the same time rendering exactly the SAME MARKUP. We do this via a jstl c:forEach iterator inside a non rendered fragment. C:forEach is a build time tag that will cause real individual UIComponent siblings to be created and placed into the view. In this example we are inserting 1000 panelGroups into a hidden fragment.
WHOA!!! What's happening here??? We are rendering EXACTLY the same markup, but the site has slowed to a crawl (an increase in render time of 1200%) to a quarter of a second.
What is happening is the buildView portion of the cycle is FAR eclipsing the actual rendering .
Buildview seems to be an integral part of the render cycle, regardless of request type (GET, postback etc).
Let's try the same page with our stateless changes:
You read that right – on the more complex view (though rendering the same output) we're still levelling off at 16,500 requests per minute (median 10 milliseconds, 20 times more throughput than the default stateful mode).
NOW – tell me – which of the two scenarios do the pages from your complex website more closely resemble (simple or complex view)? It's not difficult to assemble even more complex aggregate views, and watch as one page request monopolises a good fraction of a second of a fast CPU's horsepower.
Finally – I'm going to try the absolute worst case scenario for standard JSF – a server saturated from unrelated requests, against a complex page. I'll mimic this from JMeter by adding a cookie manager to the request element and marking the 'clear cookies every iteration' checkbox, so a new session gets created on each request.
With the default JVM heap settings for JDK 7, and a default tomcat 7.10 installation, after a mere 1200 independent web requests, the server has essentially locked up, after disappointing initial performance to begin with. The server's memory has been exhausted purely due to persistence of the (IDENTICAL!!!) views, and it's spending most of its time in garbage collection. Pages start taking seconds to render.
Now the above scenario is the most likely for a standard public website. If you have a session time of 30 minutes, with a complex view, server side state saving, and unique visitors, on default JVM heap settings, as little as one request per second will cause enough state to be stored to bring your machine down. The longer the session idle time the worse it gets.
You can see why people are having problems with JSF, and I don't necessarily blame them. Its totally foreign behavior compared to what they are used to. Now I am using server side state with partial state saving turned off (pre JSF 2 you don't have the option anyway). Partial state saving will give you SOME headroom (albeit from a low base). You could also use client side state saving, however on complex views (even with partial turned on) this gets VERY big and introduces additional CPU inefficiencies as well as unnecessary payload on each request. We have already shown CPU usage is excessive to begin with due to restore/buildView. Switching to client side state will make that worse. Security restrictions may also prevent this option.
This is the fundamental issue with JSF as it currently stands – on large views (the views you'd expect to be working with to take advantage of component oriented design) JSF is so demanding in both CPU horsepower AND memory as to be unsuitable for a whole range of situations (in my opinion).
I find for non trivial sites we have to compensate by having lots of (very fast!!! processors), smart session management (fast cleanup rather than long idle timeout) and multi-gigabyte heaps. And even then you could still possibly get into trouble on a public facing website rather than an intranet site, where there is less control over expected unique user base.
You will see from the facelet template representing my sample page that I am using JSTL to create 1000 panelGroups in a non rendered fragment. This may seem excessive, but from my experience, it is by no means difficult to create a complex view with a component count of that order.
As a final test, let's try our stateless model on the same page, hit with unrelated requests:
Not bad! We're still up at almost 16,200 requests per minute, continuous (essentially the same as single-user since we are not saving any per view state).
I have run this test for millions of cycles over several hours at 100% cpu to ensure that no session data is created by default and there are no discernable memory leaks. Garbage collection performance is also good. In the above test only a handful of full collections were performed over hours at full throttle, showing that whatever objects created by the framework to service a cycle are short lived and cleaned during an incremental only. If you switch to standard JSF with server side state saving, the persisted views rapidly end up in the old generation and influence pause times on the full sweeps.
Clearly, our stateless model degrades at a far more comfortable rate than standard JSF, as would be expected.
Incidentally, if we put everything inside the h:form in a non rendered fragment (essentially rendering an empty page aside from html boilerplate), it tops out at 35,000 rpm. That's around 5 milliseconds latency.
You can view this 5 milliseconds latency as the 'steady state framework overhead' of Stateless JSF (on my core2 laptop at any rate). Since we are pooling views, this should not change that much. 5 milliseconds I can live with.
Postbacks will incur additional overhead due to the extra phases and will depend on how much of the view you push through to JSF (using <f:ajaxexecute="…."/> for example. Stick to good use of @this where appropriate. Provided you are rendering from simple beans in memory, GETS shouldn't change much.
If the backing beans associated with a page view do not store any persistent session or application state (as is the case in our example) – you get that throughput FOREVER regardless of how many unique users, individual get requests, or postbacks are submitted. The framework no longer retains any per view, per request or per session state as part of default operation. Of course you could introduce session state by appropriately scoping your backing beans (like any other framework), but this is controlled by you, outside the scope of JSF, and is far more familiar and predictable.
And as a final plus – say goodbye to stale views. Postbacks always work since the views never change and you can always post into an available pooled view. Of course, you can still time out your session, but that's not a JSF issue and doesn't apply if your backing beans aren't session scoped.
So there you have it. With these simple optimisations to the default internal JSF implementation modules you are free to use JSF in a lightweight, stateless fashion if desired, with vastly increased cpu and memory performance, while keeping the vast bulk of the normal jsf behaviour intact. Yes views are immutable, but you may have never made use of runtime view mutation anyway. Yes, you have to bind to backing beans, but you do that anyway.
Besides, components will increasingly be client side, and you can use a good javascript framework like JQuery to change the client DOM however you like, bypassing many JSF cycles through the use of JSON (I find this is how i use it now). The goal of Stateless JSF is to allow the framework to become a less instrusive compositing layer, with much of the magic done client side if desired.
This should open up JSF to many more uses, and allow a transition across to client side programming with minimal overhead.
It's important to note – it's not all or nothing. Stateless JSF has been designed so stateless and stateful pages can co-exist as required. You don't have to switch everything over. If there is only one page, or a public section of your site that is causing issues, you can run that stateless and run the rest stateful as is. The stateless implementation classes override the default implementation classes and simply fall back to default operation for pages not explicitly marked as stateless.
The Code
Download files and mercurial repo are available from bitbucket:
Note that it is tested with MOJARRA 2.1.3. Since we are extending some implementation classes it may NOT work for other versions. In this case it's best to just include the small number of source files in your own project and tweak as required.
If you are not interested in how the code works and are happy with Mojarra 2.1.3, you only need the binary jar. The zip file conatins a full packaged maven project (with seam and spring) with prebuilt war in the target directory that can be deployed (Tomcat 7.10 tested) directly. You could also use the existing maven project as a base for your own development.
If you would like to tweak the code, you may copy the source files from package com.industrieit.jsf.stateless.impl.* and include them in your own JSF 2 project.
To enable Stateless JSF, include the abovementioned package in either source or jar form, and add the following settings to your faces-config.xml (custom settings such as those for seam, can be retained). We need to specify the state manager, the view manager, the view declaration language factory, and add a phase listener.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <faces-config version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-facesconfig_2_0.xsd"> <name>StatelessJSF</name> <application> <state-manager> com.industrieit.jsf.stateless.impl.SJSFStateManager</state-manager> <view-handler> com.industrieit.jsf.stateless.impl.SJSFViewHandler</view-handler> </application> <factory> <view-declaration-language-factory> com.industrieit.jsf.stateless.impl.SJSFVDLFactory</view-declaration-language-factory> </factory> <lifecycle> <phase-listener> com.industrieit.jsf.stateless.impl.SJSFPhaseListener</phase-listener> </lifecycle> </faces-config>
Stateless JSF is made to work seamlessly with standard JSF. By default, nothing will change. In order to flag a page as stateless, you must place an appropriate child component of the view root as such (note the panelGroup above h:head):
<!DOCTYPE composition PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ui="http://java.sun.com/jsf/facelets" xmlns:f="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core" xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html" xmlns:rich="http://richfaces.org/rich" xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" xmlns:a="http://richfaces.org/a4j" xmlns:b="http://java.sun.com/jsf/composite/comp"> <h:panelGroup id="SJSF" rendered="false" stateless="true" /> <h:head></h:head> </html>
Normally components at the same level as the h:head tag are the direct children of UIViewRoot. The marker component must have an id of SJSF and it must have an attribute called stateless valued true. Unless this component is defined and placed in the correct location, Stateless JSF will operate exactly the same as regular stateful JSF. To test whether the page is operating stateless, view the rendered markup. If stateless, the value of the javax.faces.ViewState hidden field will be "STATELESS_JSF", otherwise it's normally a concatenation of two random numbers and indicates normal stateful JSF is in operation for that particular view.
<input type="hidden" name="javax.faces.ViewState" id="javax.faces.ViewState" value="STATELESS_JSF" autocomplete="off" />
<input type="hidden" name="javax.faces.ViewState" id="javax.faces.ViewState" value="-3761328746132864:7561873643853" autocomplete="off" />
Does it work with Seam?
Yes, tested with Seam 2.2.2, (jars are in the zip though config commented out in faces-config.xml), however conversations are not currently working. It would be nice if someone could identify the issue. I would guess conversations are set up by the seam phase listener in some way. Also – DO NOT USE page scope on stateless views.
What about JSF 2 view scoped beans or Seam page scoped components?
Don't use the Seam page scope! I am not clearing it at the moment. The JSF 2 @ViewScoped beans are stored in the map accessed from UIViewroot.getViewMap(). I am currently just clearing them as I prefer to keep state outside of JSF. Beans stored in the view are problematic. Storing state in the tree prevents you from controlling identity. You can't reuse the 'same' component in a different page, and you lose the state if you refresh the page. There are other options. Some sort of 'conversation' managed outside of JSF is more flexible.
I could have persisted the viewMap in the session keyed to a unique viewstate id the same way stateful JSF does, but have chosen not to. This automatically allocates session data per view, exactly what I'm trying to avoid. I'd rather avoid 'getting a little bit pregnant'. Either run fully stateless or don't bother. Hence the fixed viewstate id string of "STATELESS_JSF"
How does this work with component libraries?
Not sure – let us know. Theoretically should be ok, but any components that try to persist to the view and not a backing bean will not work properly. Not only that – if the component does not subclass UIInput the state will not be cleared when put back in the free pool. This could be dangerous as it will inevitably be used to service a request from a different user.
My Facelets don't hot deploy when running STATELESS!
Yes, the views are being cached – currently its buildView() that determines whether the facelet files are changing and we no longer call that on each request. Either restart the container, or provide an action that calls SJSFStatePool.clearPool() to clear the viewcache. You could have a simple page that encodes the call in inline el. There may be a better way but that's whats in the current release.
There is a flaw in the design / I have an idea that can make it better.
Great! Thats why it's open source.
RudiThe views expressed on this blog are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Industrie IT.


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ASK A QUESTION What if you can't roll your R's?
I was wondering if a native spanish speaker might be able to tell me if you can't roll your R's can a native speaker determine the word you are trying to say? And if so how does that sound to a native speaker...do you just view it like an accent issue or does it really sound bad to you. The reason I ask is I have tried very hard and I just am having a lot of trouble with this. I wonder if a native speaker would just take from the context of the conversation the word I am trying to say or if it just sounds really bad. Example pero and perro Thank you so much in advance for any help you may provide in the matter.
5 Answers
If you can't rroll yourr erres you are condemned to public shame and eternal repudiation, and you shouldn't even attempt to speak a noble language like Spanish!
I say!
The cheek!!
I had a professor in Spain who couldn't roll her r's. She pronounced them in a guttural way, in the back of her throat, French-like. We had no problem understanding her.
Can you picture/try that?
I wrote this up in detail about a week ago. If you do a search on "does it matter if you can't roll your r's" you'll get lots of advice.
Re searching "does it matter" is probably enough.
This question seems to come up all the time and almost everyone gives a different answer. In my experience with speaking spanish almost everyday to native speakers I would say that it doesn't matter that much and of course people can tell by the context of the conversation. If you say something like: tenemos que dar de comer al perro nobody is probably going to think you are saying we have to feed the preposition but. If you speak enough spanish you will probably be able to eventually roll your r's or produce a similar sound. I hear a lot of people roll all of their r's not just rr. Many native speakers have told me that if you can't roll your r's it just sounds like an accent.
I´m a native spanish speaker in Colombia. We pronounce The "r" and the "rr" similar way, but...
The rr pronounced with tongue up in palate, in simple way "r" in two syllable The r in just one syllable lingual
example: carro (car) pronounced car- ro in english caro (expensive) pronounce ca-ro in english perro (dog) pronounce per-ro in english pero (but) pe-ro in english
I hope this help you


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"If you manage your intergalactic business properly, invading and destroying some planet on your way is a piece of cake. All you might need is hyperactive gigantic squids or good old flying saucers with powerful blasters. That's it! Off we go! Apocalypses starts here!"
Here is a really creative and fun set of icons for you to play with over the weekend. It's called Space Invaders. As always, enjoy, have fun with your design, and thanks for visiting 365icon.com! See you again tomorrow!
Includes: 6 icons
File Types: .png, .icns, .ico
Max Icon Size: 128×128
Download size: 0.1 MB
Author: TurboMilk
2 Responses
thanks, they are wonderful
but correct download link should be http://365icon.com/wp-content/downloads/aliens.zip
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Are The Rich Deserving Of Their Wealth And Income?
Do not be fooled into the belief that the rich are inherently worthy of their wealth. Instead, purchasing of economic and political strength is responsible.Read more ›
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Uncle Harry is, like, SO embarrassing when he calls Obama a Communist Socialist Fascist. Save your breath and your time for more important things and link the old codger to this article to set him straight.Read more ›
Next time you find yourself in a conversation with a conservative, ask them these questions.Read more ›
We could revitalize our economy by penalizing companies that outsource instead of giving them tax breaks.Read more ›
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'We can be poor in spirit, and I don't even consider myself wealthy, which is an interesting thing, it can be here today and gone tomorrow.'Read more ›
I'm about to make two of the most obvious statements you will read today: Before there were laws, there were no laws. Before things became illegal, they were legal. So common sense, they're stupid, right? Well, not so much to the people defending Mitt Romney, his tax structure and Bain Capital 'vulture capitalism.'Read more ›
Christmas is a time where Fox News and right-wing christofascists take time out of their hating the middle class, poor, and gays schedules and feign outrage over a supposed sinister 'War on Christmas' being waged by godless liberals. It's a joyous occasion!Read more ›
It's true that this movement is, in part, about handouts, but it's not the Occupy Wall Street protesters who are seeking handouts.Read more ›


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Blog & Articles
It's too early to be pessimistic about boosting living standards
Date: 11. February 2014
Gavin Kelly
Things are likely to stop getting worse sometime soon, progress will then be painfully slow, and it's going to be an awful long time before they get back to where they were before the crash.
That's the gist of a major new report on living standards by the Resolution Foundation, which will show that typical household incomes are set to start growing in 2015 and then creep upwards thereafter. But by 2018 they are still likely to be 3.5 per cent below their pre-crisis peak (5 per cent below if we exclude pensioners households).
These wage stats don't tell us much about living standards
Date: 24. January 2014
James Plunkett
This morning the government released some interesting new stats on wages. It claims that 90 per cent of people saw their earnings rise in the year to April 2013. As I tweeted earlier this week, the data source that the government are using tells a more positive story about wages than the more regular earnings data that drives most public debate. Here are some quick thoughts on the more technical upsides and downsides of the new numbers.
Why living standards and public finances matter
Date: 30. September 2013
Gavin Kelly
The party that persuades voters it can deal with both issues will win the election.
They are the towering issues of British politics that are not about to go away soon: the steep decline in living standards and the grim state of the public finances. Each compounds the other. Taken together they will dictate the terms of politics between now and 2015.
The generation that's going backwards
Date: 19. May 2013
Gavin Kelly
Falling incomes, rising prices, impossible debts ... even before the crash some workers faced a suffocating squeeze
When John F. Kennedy declared that "a rising tide lifts all boats" he was encapsulating the postwar belief that growth would generate steady rises in living standards for all.
Even if richer households were sometimes the biggest gainers, there was at least the guarantee that every household would enjoy some advance. Sadly, even if it once was true, a rising economic tide no longer necessarily helps all individuals or households. Even in better times a large slice of working families were struggling to keep their heads above water.
Low Pay Is Fast Becoming a Defining Challenge of Our Age
Date: 28. February 2013
James Plunkett
This post originally appeared on the Huffington Post
You can tell a lot about a downturn by the image that comes to define it. From queues outside job centres in the 1970s and early 1980s to the poll tax riots that preceded the early 1990s recession, the pictures that stick in the mind have a habit of reflecting the key economic and political challenge of the time. So what will be the iconic image this time around? Images of last summers' riots will undoubtedly endure. But the more representative picture of the squeeze so far would be much less dramatic: a low paid, part-time worker, struggling in to work each day, bringing home a wage that barely pays the bills.
Today's new figures from the ONS confirm what's been suspected for some time: low pay is fast becoming one of the defining economic challenges of our age.
Spending more on less
Date: 27. September 2012
Giselle Cory
There has been a lot of discussion of inflation lately, as prices continue their upward march. The consumer trends data out today from ONS gives us an alternative way of looking at inflation. It shows that we are spending more and getting less on essentials like food, housing and transport. This is shown in the chart below, where solid lines show the amount we are buying and dashed lines the amount we are paying for it (effectively real terms versus cash terms consumption).
Up-skilling the middle
Date: 4. July 2012
Successive governments have certainly placed skills policy at the heart of strategies to raise living standards and tackle low pay. Yet now there are growing doubts about whether upskilling workers will be enough to bring about genuine improvements in the living conditions of people currently on low to middle incomes (LMIs). In a new paper for the Commission on Living Standards, hosted by the Resolution Foundation, I re-examine the links between skills, the changing labour market and wages, arguing that in the long run, skills policy has a crucial role to play in equipping LMIs to thrive in the modern labour market.
Too fast, too slow – how the passing of time is shaping politics for Cameron and Miliband
Date: 8. May 2012
Gavin Kelly
This post originally appeared on Gavin's New Statesman blog
Two years into the life of the coalition and all the sudden the passing of time seems like Ed Miliband's best friend and David Cameron's worst foe. For a government that has lost its footing, facing an opposition learning how to benefit from the stumbling and fumbling, the long expanse of time left in this parliament will be starting to feel less like an opportunity to develop and deliver an agenda and more like an ordeal to be survived.
It's not just the slow motion horror of the six weeks since the budget or the likelihood that the next few weeks, dominated as they will be by the Leveson inquiry, will feel like a very long stretch indeed for Jeremy Hunt and David Cameron. It's the six budgets and autumn statements the coalition parties have to negotiate before the next election; the thirty seven months of enervating governing grind to get through; and the fact that come the next election it will have been a full 23 years since the Conservatives won outright, an observation that is weighing increasingly heavily on the Tory ranks who sense their prospects of doing so next time aren't brightening. A lot of politics is still to happen even before the parliament reaches half-time – and the second half is littered with all manner of political, economic and legal icebergs.
Food and fuel prices will be key to inflation in the year ahead
Date: 17. January 2012
James Plunkett and
This post originally appeared on Left Foot Forward
Today's ONS inflation statistics presage what will be one of the few positive economic stories this year
Backed by strong discounting from retailers, RPI fell from 5.2 per cent in November to 4.8 per cent in December, while CPI fell from 4.8 per cent to 4.2 per cent, its largest one month drop since December 2008.
Stressed-out-by-inflationThat of course means inflation remains at more than twice the level of its Bank of England target. Nonetheless, future months are likely to see further falls, bringing welcome relief to real household disposable income.
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Help Your Child Deal With Death
I was reminded that funerals with a young child wouldn't be easy the minute the casket came into view. My son caught a glimpse of Grandma, dressed in her Sunday best, as still as a peaceful sea. "Where's Grandma?" he asked.
"Doesn't he know?" a woman whispered. "You can always say she's just sleeping."
But he did know. My husband and I had already explained that Grandma died. Maybe his reaction was what we were all thinking; the woman in the casket didn't look quite the way we remembered Grandma. Then again, maybe he was just uncomfortable.
Death is always unnerving, but while an adult can understand and even rationalize the situation, a child may not know how to cope with the flood of emotions. How a child handles the death of a loved one depends on his personality and his experiences. Some children will become withdrawn; others will cry; still others will act out in anger.
"A child is extremely sensitive to what his parents feel," says John Welshons, a grief counselor and author of Awakening from Grief: Finding the Road Back to Joy. Children understand death according to what their parents show them.
As a result, there are a few things you can do to ease the emotional impact that death has on your family.
Softening the Blow
Most parents want to protect their children from pain. The revelation of death is no different. For some people, concealing the truth or telling lies seems like the best way to shield their child from suffering.
"From the time we are children, most of us are taught not to think about [death]," Welshons says. He stresses that it is important that the child never be lied to and that parents should not associate death with going to sleep or going away.
Instead, Welshons suggests preparing children for death in small increments, using nature as the tool. Events such as the leaves dying in the fall can be excellent transitions to talks about death.
Sometimes, a child's first introduction to loss is through the death of a family pet. Welshons cautions parents to avoid the impulse to soften the blow by immediately buying another animal. He explains that by doing so, the parent prevents the child from experiencing loss, and loss is inevitable. If parents do not allow a natural response, the child will be unprepared for losses later on in life.
Patricia Enoch, of Baldwin, New York, recalls her children's reaction to the news that the family dog had died. "They were all upset and crying when he was found dead one morning," Enoch says. "My husband and older son let [the younger children] say goodbye and then wrapped him in a blanket and took him to the vet for cremation. They were sad for a week or so, cried every now and then."
A year later, the children's grandmother died, and Enoch believes that the grief they felt for their pet helped prepare them for the death of their grandmother.
Helping Them Cope
Simply teaching your children about death will not prevent every ounce of emotional pain the child will feel in times of grief. It is hard to watch your child suffer, but you can take solace in knowing that your loving presence can help your child heal.
"My experience is that children handle the death of a loved one well when they have at least one loving adult, whom they are close to, who tells them the truth, who allows them to grieve and grieves with them, and who is reliably and lovingly available when needed," says Dr. Margaret Paul, relationship expert and best selling author.
For Maureen Hollis, of Charlotte, North Carolina, allowing her 6-year-old to grieve meant considerable tears and lots of talk. In the end, Hollis found that a tangible reminder of "Nana" was incredibly comforting to her daughter.
"We had a blanket that Nana had knit for McKayla when she was born," Hollis says. "When she died we brought out the blanket and let McKayla sleep with it. We explained how Nana had knit it for her and how she must have felt when she was doing so. McKayla slept with that blanket every night and called it her 'Nanablanket.'"
For some parents, a child's grief is much harder to detect. Crystel Riggs, of Clemson, South Carolina, says her daughter never cried and never acted out when her grandmother died unexpectedly. Instead, the child became quiet and refused to speak about the death or her grandmother.
In this situation, Welshons says that it is the parent's responsibility to gently bring the subject up periodically. Using questions like, "How do you feel about that?" while you hold and stroke the child lovingly may be just what is needed to open her up.
The key is to be available and to offer your listening ears and loving arms, even if your child isn't ready to talk.
Creative Outlets
Welshons asks parents to make sure that the child is expressing whatever is being felt on the inside. He advocates creative outlets for grief. "Whether it be through talking, painting, drawing, singing, dancing or some other means, encourage the child to find a creative outlet."
There are many picture books that tell the story of death using soft words and gentle illustrations. If you find yourself at a loss for words, quiet moments spent reading and then talking about the story may work wonders.
Parents simply want their children to feel better when they are feeling sad. By helping your child work through the feelings of grief, you might be surprised to notice that you are helping yourself cope, too.


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City of Chandler Salary Plan - 2013-14
Back to the Salary Plan
OT Status Legend:
Non-Exempt = Hourly Position
Exempt = Salaried Position
Excellence is the responsibility of everyone at the City of Chandler. We lead by our core values in constant pursuit of excellence:
– Dedicate oneself to consistent and excellent public service
– Implement unique, creative and cost-effective solutions
– Communicate in a positive, honest and productive manner
- Adherence to high ethical standards
– Promote inclusiveness and impartiality throughout the organization
Personal Responsibility
– Take initiative to achieve excellence and accept accountability
– Demonstrate a high regard for others
– Promote cooperative efforts, open communication and trust
All City employees are expected to conduct themselves in a way consistent with the above values.
Job Description
Pay Grade: 25 FLSA Status: Exempt
Job Group: Supervisory (S) Class Code: R040
Effective Date: 07/06 Revision Date: 7/10
Classification Summary:
The primary function of this employee is to plan, coordinate, and supervise multiple recreational and educational programs, staff and facilities. This is accomplished by supervising the development, coordination and implementation of recreation and educational activities, supervising staff, overseeing operations of recreational and educational facilities, and managing the program's budget. An employee in this class may be assigned to other duties in the City's Recreation Division. This class may be required to work evenings, weekends and holidays as assigned.
Essential Functions:
Essential Functions are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties and skills. They are intended to be accurate summaries of what the job classification involves and what is required to perform it. Employees are responsible for all other duties as assigned.
Supervises and coordinates the section's programs, services and recreational activities including youth and adult recreation classes, special interest classes, senior programs, therapeutics, environmental education and special events;
Supervises and evaluates assigned staff, addresses employee concerns and problems, counsels, disciplines and completes performance appraisals; conducts interviews and makes hiring recommendations and/or decisions;
Develops strategic and operational plans for multiple recreation programs, facilities and special events; establishes goals, objectives and measurements for assessing program performance; develops and implements policies, procedures, rules and regulations; establishes programming schedules, calendars and timelines; assists manager in establishing fees and charges for programs; organizes and allocates equipment, facility space, fields and/or supplies; and schedules and coordinates program events with vendors, sponsors, instructors, volunteers, coaches, referees and/or other service providers.
Oversees the implementation and execution of planned programs and activities; ensures adherence to established policies and procedures; promotes risk management and safety; evaluates programs and assesses effectiveness; implements operational and procedural changes to improve programs; and recommends strategic changes to the manager.
Manages, supervises, and monitors recreation and educational facilities including facility expansions, coordinating maintenance schedules and repairs; develops and maintains repair procedures, maintenance records and contracts;
Performs administrative tasks; establishes operating procedures and standards; oversees registration and the collection of fees; administers service contracts; provides budgetary input including assisting in the development of capital improvement project budgets; monitors allocated program budgets and expenditures; receives, reviews and records invoices from vendors and service providers; and purchases equipment, materials and supplies; records and deposits revenues; reviews time sheets and maintains attendance records;
Establishes, fosters, and maintains effective working relationships with citizens, City staff, school districts and other governmental agencies;
Manages the development of marketing and promotional information for services;
Manages the establishment and maintenance of databases, files and records; reviews and/or prepares financial, statistical and operational records; reviews incident and accident reports; prepares performance reports, correspondence and other documents; and presents information to management.
Administers and reviews CIP replacements, state and local contracts and bids. Negotiates and monitors concessionaire contracts, agreements with school districts and other institutional for use of facilities;
Responds to citizen complaints, then suggests and recommends corrective measures as necessary to resolve issues;
Develops, implements and trains staff;
Monitors work environment and the use of safety equipment to ensure the safety of employees and other individuals;
Maintains inventory of supplies; ensures availability of adequate materials to conduct work activities; approves and/or initiates orders for new/replacements;
Represents the division as City liaison at committee and commission meetings, outside agencies, citizen groups, and businesses as assigned;
Coordinates services with other City departments and divisions, school districts, arranging resources and facility schedules.
Environmental Education Center duties include:
Plans, initiates, coordinates, and directs recreational and educational activities, including but not limited to, interpretive programs, outreach programs, wildlife viewing, water conservation, outdoor learning, plant observation, guided walks, indoor/outdoor exhibits, and other related programs and offerings in conjunction with community needs and desires;
Negotiates and monitors contracts and agreements with school districts, home school groups, scouting groups, non-profits, affiliate groups, and other collaborative partners and institutional users that use the facility;
Oversees operations of the Owl's Nest Nature Store.
Other Duties and Responsibilities:
Performs all work duties and activities in accordance with City policies and procedures;
Works in a safe manner and reports unsafe activity and conditions. Follows City-wide safety policy and practices and adheres to responsibilities concerning safety prevention, reporting and monitoring as outlined in the City's Safety Handbook.
Knowledge, Skills and Abilities:
Knowledge of:
Supervisory skills, employee evaluations, and training methods;
Long and short range planning;
Principles and practices of municipal parks and recreation development, supervision, and program development;
Principles and practices of recreational and educational facility management;
Planning, conducting, and supervision of recreation programs, including special interest classes, teen programs, youth programs, adult sports, therapeutics, tennis center, senior programs and environmental education programs;
Computerized facility management and reservation registration software program;
Political protocol, Roberts Rules in conducting public meetings;
Planning and programming methodology;
Risk management, personnel rules and regulations;
Municipal budgeting and finance procedures;
Federal OSHA and State and County regulations and City policies regarding safe work practices.
When Assigned to Environmental Education Center
Knowledge of:
Objectives, philosophy, and implementation of natural science programming and needs assessment;
Natural and cultural history of the City and surrounding areas with considerable knowledge of local wild plants and animals and ecosystems.
Ability to:
Follow oral and written instructions;
Establish project priorities and assign work, staff and other resources for timely completion of projects;
Train and supervise staff;
Write clear and concise reports and correspondence, make effective oral presentations;
Monitor spending levels and reconcile to budgets;
Ability to assess community needs for recreation activities;
Budgeting, fiscal management;
Marketing communication (written and verbal);
Record keeping, accounting practices;
Leadership, supervision, management, and interpersonal research and statistical analysis.
Prepare reports and maintain performance records;
Operate a personal computer and related software and demonstrate proficiency to prepare work orders, documents, spreadsheets, email and timesheets and assists other staff with related questions and problems;
Communicate effectively to establish and maintain working relationships with the public and other employees.
Supervision Received:
This employee works under supervision of the Recreation Manager.
Supervision Exercised:
This employee supervises the recreational staff, including fulltime, regular part-time, contract, and seasonal employees, as well as community volunteers.
Minimum Qualifications:
Bachelor's Degree in Recreation, Leisure Studies, Physical Education, or a related field; and
Four (4) to six (6) years experience in professional recreation work and recreation planning, including two (2) years of supervisory experience; and
Valid Arizona Driver's License; orAny equivalent combination of experience and training which provides the knowledge and abilities necessary to perform the work.
When assigned to Environmental Education Center:
Bachelor's Degree in Natural Science, Natural Resources Management, Zoology, or a related field; and
Four (4) to six (6) years of recent experience in interpretive work related to conservation or wildlife management, including two (2) years of supervisory experience; and
Valid Arizona Driver's License; or
Any equivalent combination of experience and training which provides the knowledge and abilities necessary to perform the work.
Work Environment:
The primary duties of this class are performed in a public building environment or an outdoor environment that may include working in adverse weather conditions.
Essential Physical Abilities:
Sufficient clarity of hearing, with or without reasonable accommodation, which permits the employee to discern and dispense verbal instructions and interact with the general public;
Sufficient visual acuity, with or without reasonable accommodation, which permits the employee to comprehend written material and instructions and discern, supervise, and react to physical activities.
Sufficient manual dexterity with or without reasonable accommodation, which permits the employee to operate sports and office equipment;
Sufficient body flexibility, agility, and stamina to supervise recreational and sports activities and facilities.
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The design is sympathetic to the site and its history, while offering an outstanding new building for the Church and the community... The new building will support the work and outreach of St Barnabas over the coming decades... [and] will make a significant contribution to local communities and will enhance the streetscape of Broadway and Mountain Streets.
— Ian Powell, Senior Minister at St Barnabas Church
— Ian Powell, Senior Minister at St Barnabas Church
fjmt won an invited competition to design the new St Barnabas Anglican Church. The existing building and adjacent community hall, located on Sydney's busy Broadway, was destroyed by fire in May 2006. A Sydney institution for over 150 years, the new development will be the first church to be built in the City of Sydney in forty years and will house a flexible 600-seat worship space, a multi-purpose hall, administrative offices and meeting rooms, and underground parking for up to 80 cars.fjmt's role includes extensive consultation spanning parish, diocese, council and community stakeholders.