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How does rifling twist rate affect velocity and/or accuracy? Part 4
by Tom Gaylord, a.k.a. B.B. Pelletier
Announcement: Bill Cardill is this week's winner of Pyramyd Air's Big Shot of the Week on their airgun facebook page. He'll receive a $50 Pyramyd Air gift card. Congratulations!
Bill Cardill is the Big Shot of the Week on Pyramyd Air's facebook page.
This could also be called the Twist-Rate Test. It's a look at how different rifling twist rates affect both velocity and accuracy. The standard smallbore airgun twist rate has been one turn in 16 inches for all 4 calibers since the beginning of modern rifled airguns in 1905, and there's been no published test that looked at any other rate. So, this is a first look at how different twist rates can affect an airgun pellet in flight.
I've selected an AirForce Talon SS rifle in .22 caliber as a testbed because changing the barrels is a 5-minute operation. I'm able to shoot every pellet in each barrel using the same basic powerplant. Because the Talon SS has adjustable power, I can adjust the power to different levels for each barrel and pellet and keep the test conditions constant.
A quick look
Today's report is a summary of what's been learned so far. I've tested the factory barrel and two experimental barrels with different twist rates. The test has been at three different power levels with two different pellets. While that all sounds simple, it gets complex quite fast; and this report is needed to put things into perspective for everyone.
I will not talk about percentages, nor will I show graphs that overlay one barrel against the others because, frankly, I haven't done enough testing to support such a presentation. In the world of testing, what I've done is called a quick look — which means I ran a small test just to see how the data would play out. Any gross trends should be visible, but a lot of the data will remain hidden until more tests are done.
Proof of concept
The easy way to think of this is to think like an experimenter who wants to find out how well something works. Let's take Melvin Johnson, the inventor of the model 1941 Johnson Automatic Rifle. He had an idea that he wasn't sure would work, so he spent $300 of his own (borrowed) money to have a machine shop build a testbed. It wasn't a gun — it was just an action and barrel. He tied it down and fired it from several feet away with a lanyard. All it did was show him that the idea was sound and workable. Today, this is called a proof-of-concept model.
And that's what our two test barrels are — proof-of-concept barrels. They'll tell us generally what the two non-standard twist rates (1:12″ and 1:22″) do relative to the factory Lothar Walther barrel that has a 1:16″ twist rate. If the results are wildly different, then we'll know what direction our next tests should take. But we didn't get wildly different test results. Let's see what happened and speculate on what it means.
Two pellets and three power settings
I shot each pellet at three different power settings in each barrel. Before I get into a discussion of how things went, I want to caution you that every time I run this test the numbers are going to be different. You might think if that's the case then why test at all. Well, although the numbers are different, they are still very close to each other.
So, we're NOT looking for absolutes in this test. We're looking for gross TRENDS. And I think we found some!
Fact 1. At power setting zero, the slower twist rate (1:22″) gives faster velocity
This is true for both pellets. As the twist rate slowed down (going from a fast 1:12″ to a slow 1:22″ rate), the average velocity increased EVERY TIME. Premiers went from an average 452 f.p.s. to 534 f.p.s. as the twist rate slowed down. JSB Exact 15.9-grain domes went from an average 434 f.p.s. to an average 521 f.p.s. But the factory barrel generally had the better velocity spreads. Not in all cases, but in most of them. While the factory twist rate is not as fast as a 1:22″ twist on power setting zero, it's more stable.
This tells us that the faster twist rate does cause the pellet to slow down, as many people predicted. They often call it frictional loss, and I suppose that's as good an explanation as any.
The other thing I want to say is that the Talon SS isn't as stable at zero power as it is at higher levels. It wasn't designed to be run at zero power, even though it is possible. The thinking is that if shooters are running at zero power they are either plinking ot shooting at targets that are very close. Either way, velocity stability doesn't matter as much as it does on the higher power levels.
Fact 2. The slow twist (1:22″) barrel got to its top velocity earlier than any other barrel
On power setting 6, the slow twist barrel was shooting Premiers at an average 840 f.p.s. The factory barrel was at 818 f.p.s., and the 1:12″ barrel averaged 777 f.p.s. at the same power setting. At their top velocities (only on this test, remember), both other barrels hit just 846 f.p.s. (1:12″) and 849 f.p.s. (factory). The 1:22″ barrel went up to 854 f.p.s.
The same thing happened with the JSB Exact 15.9-grain dome, only the velocities were slower than with the Premiers.
What this tells us is the same thing the first fact told us: As the twist rate slows down, the rifle becomes more efficient.
And that would suggest several things. First and most important, that a slower twist rate will conserve air when all other things remain the same. The fact that I can get nearly the top velocity on power setting 6 means I can get a few extra shots per fill when using the slow-twist barrel.
The second thing is less important, but a slower twist rate will make it possible to achieve higher velocities. The difference, however, is so slight as to be insignificant. Compare 854 f.p.s. — the highest average velocity obtained on power setting 10 (from the 1:22″ barrel) with 846 f.p.s. — with the lowest average velocity obtained on power setting 10 (from the 1:10″ barrel). The difference isn't worth the effort of getting a special barrel made since the factory barrel gives an average of 849 f.p.s. on setting 10.
Fact 3. The rifle gets the tightest velocity spreads at the highest power setting
This is generally true with all three barrels tested, though there was one anomaly. The 1:22″ barrel did have a tighter velocity spread on setting 6 than on setting 10 when the Premier pellet was tested. But the difference is only 3 f.p.s., and might just as easily have been reversed in a second test.
But the general trend for the velocity spread to tighten as the power is increased held for all three barrels and is probably a trend that will repeat with other pellets and at other power settings.
This trend doesn't tell us as much about the barrels as it does about the rifle. It indicates that the Talon SS becomes more stable at the higher power settings — regardless of the twist rate. It does, however, make the next fact stand out.
Fact 4. The 1:22″ barrel produced similar power on setting 6 as on setting 10 with JSB pellets
This is the biggest discovery these tests have revealed. On power setting 6, the 15.9-grain JSB Exact domes averaged 817 f.p.s., while on power setting 10 they averaged 815 f.p.s. The velocity spreads for this pellet were 14 f.p.s. on setting 6 and 10 f.p.s. on setting 10. In essence, the power was at its maximum on power setting 6 with this pellet.
With the Premier pellet, the velocity was 840 on setting 6 and 854 on setting 10. And the spreads were 16 f.p.s. and 19 f.p.s., respectively.
So, the Talon SS develops its maximum power with these two pellets around power setting 6 when the 1:22″ barrel is used.
What does it all mean?
Given these gross trends, what can we take away from the testing that has been done to this point — if anything? I think it's obvious that the gun is more efficient when the 1:22″ barrel is installed. However, I also want to note that all three barrels converged at power setting 10. None of the barrels were superior, as long as that power setting was used. But on power setting 6, the 1:22″ barrel is superior from the standpoint of velocity, alone.
If I can operate the Talon SS on power setting 6 and get max power, then I can probably get a couple more shots per fill of air before the gun falls off the pressure curve. Of course, that's only speculation until I test it.
But what interests me now is how the rifle will perform on targets with the three barrels. In other words, is there a noticeable accuracy difference with one of the barrels over the other two? Or, conversely, is one of the barrels noticeably less accurate than the other two?
If the 1:22″ barrel were also more accurate than the factory barrel and the 1:12″ barrel, then we would have a great finding. I would also need to test the rifle with heavier and lighter pellets, to see if the trend continued. Or, is the factory barrel with its 1:16″ twist rate the best all-around compromise?
As I said in the beginning of this report, this is a huge test, and one that has never been published before. The goal is to learn more about how the rifling twist rate affects the performance of the pellet. I'm hoping that these trends we see today will continue as the testing continues, and we will at some point be able to make some educated assumptions about airgun barrel twist rates and their association with performance.
94 Responses to "How does rifling twist rate affect velocity and/or accuracy? Part 4"
This trial shows i would assume that this would be of better use in the UK as we have to use the lower power settings by law, but only if the greater if only slightly velocity does not increase ft/lbs (it would be interesting too see what trends are set there).
Change of subject here but it was some thing i read in the last report on the Falke that made want to ask. That is can any one suggest of any heavy pellets with thin skirts in .177 for hunting with my Airarms Shamal, sorry for air rifle name dropping but this rifle is awesome and i only recently received it as a present from the wifey. Anyway my reasoning is with a heavier pellet there will be more stopping power closer to your average weighted .22.
I like to hunt with both calibers as both have their advantages at different ranges, quarry, etc and since my collection is growing thanks to an understanding wife (she likes plinking with a Crosman 2044 and 1077 and has just got a lurcher for coursing, so she's happy for me to bring home dinner with my rifles) i have rifles for every occasion, i have to thank Edith for her excellent advice for my wife's more understanding ways of my air rifle love. So if anyone can advise me on the pellet front it would be greatly endeared to them.
best regards Wing Commander Sir Nigel Tetlington-Smythe.
first off, my hat is off to you, sir, for actually eating what you kill. You are in a very rare community and I am not in that community. As for pellets, you will have to experiment with your Shamal to see what it likes but I have found JSB's, H&N's, RWS Super H's and Crosman Premier pellets to be the most accurate in any of my rifles (no English ones, sorry). The most accurate pellet depends on the rifle and even among the same brand of rifles (Diana for instance,) a JSB will produce better results than an H & N in one rifle while the RWS might be better in another Diana. I would purchase a tin of each in the heaviest weights (if that's what you are after) and run your own tests. BB does his testing from a bench rest and as you've discovered, shoots ten pellets per grouping at 25 yards.
Take notes and label the targets – don't ask why I advise that……
Fred DPRoNJ
…Don't ask why I advise that……
LOL. Some of us learn best by personal experience. Don't ask why I say that……
Speaking of eating what you kill: today's paper has an article about a guy researching how to help some endangered turtles cross a road in Florida in order to breed and lay eggs. They have to cross a few times a year. He put a rubber replica of a turtle in the center of one of the lanes and observed the reaction of traffic since the larger percentage of turtle death was caused by traffic. The researcher was astounded at the number of times people would intentionally swerve to run over the turtle.
Chuck, I have read of a similar experiment being done years ago by college students, who had the same finding, including some who backed up to run over the "turtle" again and one who tried to "peel out" while the "turtle" was under the rear wheel. I have no respect for anyone who deliberately runs over an animal. ~Ken
Congratulations on the Shamal!!!
I would love to hear more about it.
David Enoch
This trial shows i would assume that this would be of better use in the UK as we have to use the lower power settings by law, but only if the greater if only slightly velocity does not increase ft/lbs (it would be interesting too see what trends are set there).
Uhm… by definition, an increase in velocity with no decrease in mass WILL increase the kinetic energy (and since the equation uses a square of the velocity, a small velocity change can have a much larger energy change than one might think).
You have a 12ft-lb limit, don't you?
Let's see if I can manipulate the calculator program properly…
E = 12 ft-lbs
M = 21 gr (.22 Baracuda class pellet)
V => 507 ft/s
Now, lets up the velocity to, say, 525, and solve back for energy…
E => 12.85 ft-lbs
At 550 ft/s…
E => 14.10 ft-lbs
As for the rest: Define "stopping power"? The phrase comes up in gun magazines and tends to always lead to two viewpoints:
Light weight/small caliber projectile at very high speed (9mm pistol); possibly better ballistic coefficient?
Heavy weight/large caliber at low speed (.45ACP), better sectional density?
(The .40S&W attempts to split the two — halfway between 9mm and .45 in caliber, and velocity also between the two)
Cons for LW/HS — bullet may either disintegrate on impact doing little actual damage, or pass right through the target (classic problem with 9mm ball) endangering those in the background.
Cons for HW/LS — fewer rounds in a magazine, potentially more recoil, and a parabolic trajectory.
For airguns, however, the point may be moot. Spring-pistons are most efficient within a range of pellet weights — go too heavy and the velocity takes a major crash, pulling the muzzle energy down with it; too light and the pellet may leave the muzzle before using all the potential energy in the air. Within the efficiency range, the velocity and pellet weight trade-off such that the muzzle energy is pretty much constant.
Pre-charged tend to be more efficient with heavier pellets — since the back-pressure may help hold the valve open a bit longer [my theory, at least] leading to less drop in velocity than would be seen in a spring gun.
But, in all cases, (ignoring the square and any constant terms)
Energy = mass * velocity
So if you are in a restricted energy environment, increasing mass will require reducing velocity to stay within the restriction.
I suspect it means a horse for chasing game animals…
Might mean a dog though — but I'd bet on the horse (maybe simulated game animal)
Sir Nigel, taking a closer look at the South Yorkshire site shows they only offer the Rebel in .22 and I can't help wondering if someone made a mistake (since no .177 is offered on the site). ~Ken
Would it not be wild if the airgun manufacturers paid attention, most especially if your testing reveals a more accurate twist rate for airguns? Not that this is likely going to happen, since any change in production can be costly and besides, they know what we want even if we don't.
This is not suprising as .22 caliber rimfire rifles that are made for all calibers S , L and LR have a 1 in 16 twist rate . Before 22LR got popular any of the older rifles in 22 Short had a 1 in 24 twist rate which shot the lighter 29 grain bullet better ( 29 grain bullet at 750 fps). This is why in modern 22 rifles the 22LR shoots better (40 grains @ 1200 fps). BB You might find that the 1 in 16 is used due to more common availability of tooling,or economy of scale if purchased by the air rifle manufacturer. A very interesting read , very well done !!
Please forgive me if you've already covered this in the comments for one of the previous parts of the testing. I was curious how much rotational energy the pellets have in the different barrels. For a given pellet and speed, the total energy is the usual linear energy (1/2*m*v^2) plus the rotational energy. In particular, I was wondering how much extra rotational energy the pellets had when using different twist rates. I was thinking that some of the lost pellet speed might be due to extra rotational energy. In case somebody else is wondering the same thing, I thought I'd post my work here.
Rotational energy is 0.5 * I * w^2 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_energy). I approximated the moment of inertia as a hollow cylinder, so I = m*r^2 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_moments_of_inertia). The moment of inertia for a real pellet is bound to be somewhere between the I for a hollow cylinder and a solid cylinder, so I picked the larger value. The rotational energy for a real pellet is bound to be somewhat less that I approximated here.
I used the formulae from Wikipedia and Google's calculation feature. Here's the calculation for the 15.9 grain JSB in the 1:22 barrel:
To compute the value for other conditions, replace the 22 with the twist rate, the 521 with the pellet speed, and the 15.9 with the pellet's weight.
I calculated for two conditions just to get an idea of how big an effect this is. For the 15.9 grain JSB in the 1:22 barrel, the rotating energy is only .0095 ft-lbs. The same pellet in the 1:12 barrel has .022 ft-lbs of energy. The bottom line is that the rotational energy is too small to explain the difference in pellet speeds.
PS. Somebody check my calculation for errors!
" The bottom line is that the rotational energy is too small to explain the difference in pellet speeds."
That says a lot. It is too small of a difference to cause that much effect by itself, but I think that when you add in the friction loss, and the air pressure drop curve, the difference in velocities will explain itself.
Friction in a faster twist barrel should be more than a slower twist simply because the pellet contact area is in contact with the barrel for a longer total distance before exiting than in the slower twist, as compared in identical length barrels.
Pressure drop over time in the barrel with the friction factor (whatever that may be, I'm not an engineer added in should take care of the difference. When you compare the remaining pressure at let's say, the point where the pellet has traveled 2″down the barrel, versus the friction left to overcome before exit, then that result should be higher in a faster twist barrel than in a slow twist barrel and proportional anywhere in between. That number should be closer to the velocity ratios between the barrels on the same power setting than using the rotational energy loss number alone.
Which is a long winded way of sayng that there are other factors that must be included if we're looking to explain this phenomenon. And, there are even more contributing variables that I've probably forgotten to take into account here too…
Wish I could edit. Should be a closing parenthesis after "engineer".
And further cleanup… "identical length" should be "equal length"
More factors/variables to consider. Hammer forged vs button rifle vs cut rifling will all give different results when all else is equal because they all have different degrees of bore finish (BB already hinted at this in a previous part). Rotational acceleration loss. Barometric pressure and relative humidity differences on coherent testing days, etc. Pellet batch (contact area) differences. Rifling land size in respect to how much less it has to deform at the start and how this will affect aerodynamics after exiting the barrel. Lots af things BB has done to mitigate these variables so we can find out the answer to the original twist vs accuracy question. A huge experiment! I like experiments!
I think a lot of those factors could get lumped into a single measurement of the friction force for each pellet and barrel combination. I don't see a way to compute the pressure drop off without knowing how long the valve is open.
Exactly! If we could find the formula to include at least the major ones, like friction, pressure, valve time, mass, and so on, we could end up with a number that would more closely follow the ratios of the barrels' twist rate. The problem then being that every time we change barrels, our number would change due to differences in mfg tolerances which would affect the fit and finish of the bore and therefore how the pellet fits in it. So our number would be "good" only in the most general terms as to what's happening inside the barrel. Once the pellet leaves the muzzle, it's a whole 'nother story…
So, I'd guess that no matter how completely we can mathematically explain what is happening inside the barrel and how completely we can explain what happens outside after exit, the best we can hope for is "close", and then after getting close, we have to test each individual gun for its pellet preferences anyway due to the tolerances…
I will be checking it. How did you convert grains to a mass unit? Why did you keep everything in English units where the definitions of mass and weight are not so easy to follow?
Now, that is funny!
It was not intended to be humorous. The English unit of mass is the slug; the unit of force is the pound. Going from "grains" to ounces to pounds and thence to slugs is a round-about route, and doing it that way is fairly likely to result in errors, either clerical or in units conversion. But all pellets are also rated in grams (mass in the CGS system) and in centimeters (length, also in CGS). So the only conversion you need to make is from BB's velocity measurements in ft/sec to cm/sec.
Frankly, I think the changes in linear velocity are due to additional drag induced if a pellet is rotating too fast and starts nutating when it gets near a critical rotational speed. It's a fairly weak effect, but it does transfer energy from linear motion to rotational motion, and has the simplified effect of lowering the drag coefficient by increasing the effective diameter of the pellet.
Pete, forgive me but between you and Chuckj, I can see this as a dialogue between the characters Penny (Kaley Cuoco) and Dr.Sheldon Cooper (the very talented actor Jim Parsons) on the comedy series "The Big Bang Theory" – the non-technical person (Penny) versus the theoretical quantum mechanics physicist. It is funny and my apologies if I have offended either of you. You should watch an episode of the series.
Fred DPRoNJ
Please don't think I was being disrespectful. I thought it was funny because I am guessing that Paul is in the U.S. (inches and pounds) and you're in Canada(?) UK(?) (centimeters and kilograms). Correct me if I'm wrong.
I'm in Austin, Texas y'all.
Well Pete, I'd agree that there are so many different variables in the internal and external ballistics that is impossible to assign a cause with the data on hand.
I would have said that the pellet precesses out of the barrel and that the yaw angle changes with time.
Also having a yaw angle will increases the drag which lowers the BC. (I'm sure this was just a slip…)
I"m at a loss to understand what kinds of measurements we amateurs could make that would define the ballistics problem better. The camera videos do provide intriguing qualitative evidence.
PeteZ, good to see you in writing. I hope you are doing well. It is now 10 months since my cervical spine surgery. I have had some ups and downs. At the moment I think things are looking up. I have been able to get by on one 100mg Lyrica capsule many days while I required 2 per day for a few months since the surgery. I'll see the neurosurgeon in mid January and get a 64 slice CT Scan done for him to look at.
I have been able to shoot some. I have two decent CO2 pistols to shoot when I have the house to myself for a bit (or when the outside temperature warms up enough, which can happen here in S.E. Texas even in the winter during the day sometimes).
I did not convert from grains – I let google do that for me. If you'd like to know how google did it, you can search for a simple conversion like "15.9 grains in grams". It will return "15.9 grains = 1.03030267 grams". Instead of converting every input myself, I find it simpler to just plug in the original units into the formula and then ask google for the results in whatever units I want. Often, if I have a mistake in the formula, google will refuse to return the answer in the units I expect, which is a sign for me to review and edit the formula.
Funny thing: I got the H&N Sport Match-Box, the one that holds 100 pellets for competition shooting, for Christmas. I opened up the box and inside were the instructions for opening up the box. Now, it wasn't that hard to figure out how to open the box but don't you think that if you were going to write instruction for opening a box you'd put them on the outside of the box?
They were placed in the box because if you are someone who actually needs directions……..you might be prone to misplace them! Some companies are VERY thoughtful.LOL
I just found out, there's a special Gub'ment agency (yup, our tax dollars at work) that deals specifically with these kinds of "Doh" challenges. It's the Department of Redundancy Department. Happy New Year ya'll. Shoot/Ride safe, Beaz
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BB,Backing up,I understand that men rifled barrels to stop projectiles that were longer than wide from wobbling and even flying end over end.This was bad because it ruined accuracy and robbed downrange velocity.From the first mention of this exciting testing I suspected that the 1:16 twist was generally right for the diabolo pellet shape.What I envision is a tipping point of shape and weight distribution in a pellet design.If this tipping point is passed ,then the general twist rate would not be able to overcome the pellet's tendency to wobble or end over end when added to the gun's own vibration effects and the shooter's influences.If this is correct then accuracy for the larger number of pellets we use today won't be improved by the different twist rate.However these other rates may help improve accuracy for those pellets we have that fall past the tipping point(my idea)in their design.This would allow us to use some of those pellets we previously called junk(unless they are damaged or of lousy manufacture anyway).–As for the gain in velocity with the slower twist rate;my vote is a loss in stability for most pellets and especially past 10 meters.They will likely lose that velocity ,and maybe more, and arrive at their target with less than they would have with the standard barrel.They may even totally miss the target and hit the broad side of the barn.–Tin Can Man-
RE: "What I envision is a tipping point of shape and weight distribution in a pellet design…"
Harry (Yrrah) on the yellow put forth a notion to which I agree. EVERY pellet reaches a point where the pellet stops precessing and starts spiraling. It is really just a case of how "far" downrange. Harry has also suspected that pellets with a slower spin rate would be more stable at long ranges (shooting say at 100-200 yards).
"Far" defining the critical point where the interaction between aerodynamic drag (as function of velocity and yaw angle), the two moments of inertia, and the spin rate causes the change between precession and spiraling.
The "problem" here is that no one has proposed a "useful" equation which relates the above factors in a "simple" equation. For a given pellet design the two moments of inertia are fixed. For a muzzle velocity with a fairly low spread, then the initial spin rate is fixed too. We could measure velocity and spin rates at various distances. (Unfortunately precision is poor…)
"Simple" equation meaning one that is good enough for us amateurs to use. The military has microwave radar and computer models which are beyond the reach of amateur pocketbooks.
I believe rifling appeared even in the days of round-ball (which was probably loaded with bumps and air-pockets). Isn't that one of the defining differences between a rifle and a musket? Muskets having about the accuracy (and range) of a shotgun with a slug load… (Without the benefits of a badminton birdie stabilization that hollow base slugs have)
Non-round projectiles were much later — the "Minie ball" period…
This has got me thinking about shotgun slugs. As we know, shotguns are smooth-bores, so spin stabilization in the slug is induced by molding angled projections (like driving bands) into the side of the slug.
Since we are dealing with a heavy, low-velocity projectile, wouldn't there be a ballistic advantage in shaping a shotgun slug like a diablo pellet? It could then be drag-stabilized. The weight bias to the front of the slug would further stabilize it.
"I had a dream" – an air rifle rifle with twistable barrel, adjustable in the same manner as speed, by a turn of the wheel. Controlled carbon nanotubes or nanite super euctatics anyone?
Anyway, B.B. you do a tremendous job, Cardew-sized I'd say. From what I've read from your post – it's all quite in line with my theoretical musings and I'm glad that I was on the right way. What I'm really waiting for jumping on my seat is accuracy tests with each barrel.
Another thing – you may, or may not have noticed it – but there are such things that I call an inherent (barrel's) and affected (barrel fouling) accuracy. I suspect that twist rates that slow the pellet down at high power settings will also be more prone to lead fouling thus losing accuracy much faster. So it may be like that – a barrel shoots laser-like, but also looses accuracy laser-fast in 150-200 pellets. Is there any tip on a dependency like that?
Thanks everyone, and B.B, it was your artical and then seeing a Shamal for sale that got me tempted, when i went to look and held it i instantly fell in love with it, this was from a very good gunshop in gloucester who let me pay for it in installments, and i would imagine would have the pellet you suggested as they have a rather large range of all things gun related. yours was the only information i have found on the net about Shamals apart from a few bits when someone is selling one on a forum, though i did find a maual for the 100 series which is basically the Shamal with S200 stock and a seperated muzzel suppresor and filler cap http://guns-nn.ru/manuals/manual_airarms_njr100_en.pdf.
well i hope you all had a slendid christmas, soltice, etc, and a happy new year.
best regards wing commander Sir Nigel Tetlington-Smythe
P.S. A lurcher is a cross breed of usually a working dog (border collie or bedlington terrier in our case) and a long dog (greyhound or whippet in our case), you would train one to whilst walking through a field to on command chase and bring down a rabbit or hare, and that is called coursing, very popular amonst the travelling folk, working class and gentry of this part of the world.
I'm sure i've missed out some minor facts but that is roughly translated 'coursing a lurcher'.
Sir Nigel,
Thanks for translating that for me. We are certainly" two peoples separated by a common language."
Maybe you could translate something else for me. My wife gave me a book for Christmas titled "Gun. A Visual History". Sort of a coffee table reference book illustrated with beautiful color photos and illustrations of all sorts of light firearms.
There was an illustration of a firearm used for hunting rooks and rabbits for making a traditional dish called a "rook and rabbit pie". I've eaten my share of both rabbits and pies, but what is a rook?
Happy New Year.
Flotilla Commander (Lt.) Les Foran, USCGA
A rook is a bird, a member of the same family as crows.
Mike U
Yes, Mike is correct a Rook is a Black Bird. There is even a card game called Rook that I played back in the 50′s. I wonder if it still exists? Thanks for the memories. I'll have to look that up. Also I think Heckle and Jeckle were Rooks. Hah! how many remember them?
Gee, I thought they were crows.
In New Mexico, we have ravens. Sort of like big crows on steroids.
In Colorado, we have magpies. Big, ornery black and white crows.
It turns out YOU and MIKE are correct and I must bow to a Midwest semantics misunderstanding. Here's what I found on Wikipedia:
The Rook (Corvus frugilegus): is a member of the Corvidae family in the passerine order of birds. Named by Carl Linnaeus in 1758,[2] the species name frugilegus is Latin for "food-gathering".
Rooks are distinguished from similar members of the crow family by the bare grey-white skin around the base of the adult's bill in front of the eyes. The feathering around the legs also looks shaggier and laxer than the congeneric Carrion Crow. Collective nouns for rooks include building, parliament, clamour and storytelling.[3][4] Their nesting patterns gave rise to the term rookery.
The Common Blackbird (Turdus merula):
is a species of true thrush. It is also called Eurasian Blackbird (especially in North America, to distinguish it from the unrelated New World blackbirds),[2] or simply Blackbird, where this does not lead to confusion with a similar-looking local species. It breeds in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand.
[BTW, Turdus merula opens the door for many more questions and describes some of the wine I've experienced this Christmas.]
It may not immediately be clear why the name "Blackbird", first recorded in 1486, was applied to this species, but not to one of the various other common black English birds, such as the Carrion Crow, Raven, Rook or Jackdaw. However, in Old English, and in modern English up to about the 18th century, "bird" was used only for smaller or young birds, and larger ones such as crows were called "fowl". At that time, the Blackbird was therefore the only widespread and conspicuous "black bird" in the British Isles.
I hope this resolves any confusion I may have introduced.
This may seem way off topic but I feel this is airgun related since I believe these are the critters most impacted by airgun enthusiasts
Yes, I have had bottles of wine that fit that Turdus Merula definition. The last being a "allegedly" very expensive bottle my brother-in-law brought over. I thought drain cleaner would have been better than that bottle and the thought passed through my mind he was trying to kill me.
Fred DPRoNJ
That's odd this comment finally showed up, and in the right place, too. The sheer volume of words must have slowed it down. At any rate I do hope this benefits mankind or at least the kind men and women on this blog.
B.B., as I fell asleep last night I have an interesting hypnogogic experience. It was a kind of Rube Goldberg mechanism that rotated the pellet to high RPMs during the first stage of trigger pull so that the pellet was already rotating before it even started its forward motion. Of course this would necessitate a kind of cylinder for the pellet and extra mechanics (probably battery powered) and would work in a smooth bore barrel.
There is such a wide gulf between imagination and reality.
I think electric would add heavy motors and batteries however, if the cocking lever wound up a spring that was released prior to taking the shot (might be a good reason for a three stage trigger) your dream might be reality. adding a coiled spring wouldn't add much weight I wouldn't think.
Chuck, you remind me of the toy cars we used to play with; the ones that used a little flywheel. Once it was spinning sufficiently it kept the momentum up for a while. One problem I see is that the pellet would have to be at the hub of the wheel, making the operation more complicated. Still, I can see your idea of the spring being wound up when the gun is cocked, then setting the cylinder in motion as the appropriate stage of trigger stage is reached. Okay, we have the 10% inspiration; it's the 90% perspiration that may be the bottleneck. ~Ken
I'll be interested to see a few holes in some targets to see if there is any difference in accuracy but I suspect there won't be much of a change.
I was just wondering if anyone has pushed a pellet through a bore with a cleaning rod by putting the end on a scale to measure the friction of different pellets, to see if it affects accuracy . It might also tell if twist rates have much effect on friction.
Comment test…. I just submitted a larger comment and it hasn't shown up. This is a test to see if it's me or the comment.
OK, this one showed up so I don't know what happend to the previous one. It contained a definition of Rooks and crows and blackbirds. Bottom line: a Rook is indeed a Crow and not a black bird.
I'm glad to have straightened that out before I ruined anyones lives.
I'm glad that one was settled!
Hi Tom,
I've seen rumors on several forums online regarding an impending change of Air Venturi's handling of the higher end Beeman air guns–specifically Weihrauchs. Posts stating that soon Air Venturi will no longer be the importer and/or Weihrauchs will no longer brand any of their air guns as Beemans.
Do you know anything about this that you would be allowed to share? I believe I know one possible source of the rumors but many of us Weihrauch (and Beeman) fans are curious.
I apologize for posting old info in regards to this, I and some others were not up to date on the changes after the fact, I was merely replying to what another poster had said on the subject, so Thank you Edith for clearing this all up for us, Jerry R in new to the forms and just trying to make a name for himself!


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January 4, 2012
American's love spaghetti. We toss this pasta in anything from tomato sauce, cream sauce, or even simply olive oil. Try one of these traditional spaghetti recipes to celebrate this national food holiday.
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Welcome to Smith and Partners Lawyers - West Auckland Solicitors
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|Good - 72 reviews
Thrifty Inn Paducah is situated one block from Kentucky Oaks Mall, three miles from historic downtown Paducah, and approximately six miles from Barkley Regional Airport . This location is also two miles from Bluegrass Downs Racetrack, three miles from Legendary Chief Paduke, five miles from the National Quilt Museum, 10 miles from riverboat casinos, and 15...
Overall Rating - Good - 72 reviews
Good 7.0
For the price, the hotel was a great value.
The continental breakfast was very simple. The elevator was broken and we had to haul our luggage up to the third floor.
Excellent 10.0
This hotel was great, it was clean the staff was wonderful. I would definitely recommend it to family and friends and would stay there again. It was quite couldn't hear the expressway which we faced the on ramp, Pool was clean and relaxing.
Nothing comes to mind.It is located close to the expressway, near shopping and with in walking distance to a Buffalo Wild Wings and Texas Roadhouse. Breakfast was simple, coffee,juice, donuts and cereal. The staff was great we drove down from Michigan and arrived early, our room was clean and we were able to check in early. The room was spacious and clean. Plenty of towels available along with shampoo, conditioner and body wash in the shower.
|Good - 196 reviews
Located off I-24 Exit 4 Near Kentucky Oaks Mall Restuarant nearby
Overall Rating - Good - 196 reviews
Mediocre 4.0
The room was clean.
The bed was very hard. If you like hard lumpy beds then you'll love this place.
Excellent 9.0
Very clean, affordable. better than expected for the$
poor wifi signal in my room one very unhelpful front desk employeethe only bad thing was the wifi in my room and the desk clerk's passive aggressive insistence that it was my computer.
|Excellent - 207 reviews
Discover the Four Rivers area from this recently renovated Paducah, KY hotel just minutes from historic downtown Paducah and the National Quilt Museum. Conveniently located off I-24, the BEST WESTERN Paducah Inn makes it easy for guests to discover the area. The hotel is just a few miles from downtown Paducah, featuring shops, restaurants and entertainment...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 207 reviews
Excellent 10.0
good location just off the interstate. nice swimming pool
nonice breakfast
Excellent 10.0
Even more they keep the side doors locked and you are very secure in your stay. It really is a great hotel.The pool was great. Loved my stay.
|Excellent - 138 reviews
The Extras Aren't Extra at Drury Hotels! Our guests can enjoy free hot breakfast, free hot food and cold beverages at the 5:30 Kickback®, free wireless Internet access in all rooms and throughout the hotel, free long distance calls and free popcorn and soda in the lobby daily. An indoor swimming pool and whirlpool are available for guest use, along with an o...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 138 reviews
Excellent 10.0
It was a bit pricier than surrounding options, but they are rather all-inclusive on services when staying. I like having a static and known price without having to be nickeled and dimed once inside. This place provides just that.
Good 7.0
Breakfast and evening food, inexpensive alcoholic beverages.
Was billed by hotel AND Priceline. Had to have Priceline straighten out the hotel. How is Drury unable to prevent double billing?
|no reviews
Featuring free breakfast and free Wi-Fi, this Paducah motel offers air-conditioned rooms with a cable TV. Paducah International Raceway is 20 minutes' drive away. Rooms at the Budget Inn Paducah come with a microwave, refrigerator and desk. En suite bathrooms are provided. A 24-hour reception welcomes guests to the Paducah Budget Inn. Vending machines...
|Mediocre - 1 reviews
Located in Paducah, Country Hearth Inn & Suites Paducah is close to Players Bluegrass Downs and National Quilt Museum. This hotel is within the region of Fort Massac State Park and Americana Hollywood Museum. Make yourself at home in one of the 120 guestrooms
Overall Rating - Mediocre - 1 reviews
Mediocre 3.6
Yuck! It was a creepy hotel/renters lodgers. Right out of Bates Hotel. We slept in our clothes on top of sheets in fear of lack of cleaniness.
|Excellent - 82 reviews
All Guests receive complimentary Deluxe Continental Breakfast daily with all rates. The hotel offers a welcome reception Monday thru Thursday from 5-7pm. Complimentary coffee, tea and cookies are available. Hotel features complimentary outdoor parking and local phone calls. Coin and valet laundry are available for a fee. Hotel has sprinklers and smoke detect...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 82 reviews
Excellent 10.0
Location was awesome.
Nope.Hotel was clean, well-furnished, and in a great location.
Good 8.0
Very clean room, spacious.
I must have hit the breakfast right after a large group had come through. Not a lot of options, but the lady had started to restock as I was finishing, so I assume it improved after I left.I've stayed at several Country Inn Suites around the country and have found all of them to be very well managed and clean. The Paducah location was very much in the same condition. The room was spacious and very clean. It was very quiet and I did not hear anyone else in the morning as we arrived late and wanted to sleep in a bit. The location fit our itinerary well. I had very limited exposure to the staff. Only the late night check in guy. He was efficient and polite. Overall a nice stay (except for the minor issue involving breakfast listed above).
|Excellent - 100 reviews
The Extras Aren't Extra at Drury Hotels! Our guests can enjoy free hot breakfast, free hot food and cold beverages at the 5:30 Kickback®, free wireless Internet access in all rooms and throughout the hotel, free long distance calls and free popcorn and soda in the lobby daily. An indoor swimming pool and whirlpool are available for guest use, along with an o...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 100 reviews
Poor 1.0
They have no heat in the rooms!!! The boiler was turned off for the summer and it was 60 degrees. They had to bring two space heaters that were very small. Never stay in a Drury Suites again!
Excellent 10.0
Newly remodeled rooms and friendly staff!!
Everything was great.This hotel was under going renovations during our stay. The hotel was still very clean and staff was friendly and knowledgeable!! Would definitely stay here again!!
|Excellent - 370 reviews
Overall Rating - Excellent - 370 reviews
Excellent 10.0
We arrived after 2a.m. and the desk clerk suggested a later check out time so we could get a full nights rest. The room was clean, attractive, and bed very comfortable.
The location was convenient for our travels.
First, the a/c unit didn't function properly. Had to lower it down to 62 degrees just to make the room comfortable. Second, the sheets were stained. Third, the room didn't have a hair dryer. When these were mentioned to staff they ignored us.This hotel really should get their act together and tidy up their rooms and staff.
|Excellent - 48 reviews
Pear Tree Inn by Drury provides an outstanding balance of quality, amenities and value. Guests can enjoy a free expanded continental breakfast daily, free wireless Internet access in all rooms and throughout the hotel, free local calls and 60 minutes of free long distance calls. We look forward to having you as our guest!
Overall Rating - Excellent - 48 reviews
Good 8.0
The staff was excellent.
My bed was a full size, I did not think hotels used anything smaller than a queen bed, especially for a two star hotel. My wife and I could not really fit on the bed, it was very uncomfortable.
Excellent 10.0
Big and clean king size bedexcellent breakfast, I love the waffle, cereal, milk, yogurt, banana, etc.
|Good - 17 reviews
The Red Roof Inn Paducah is conveniently located close to many local interests including Harrahs Metropolis Casino, Paducah International Raceway, Lake Barkley, and Kentucky Lake. The inn is located minutes from Barkly Regional Airport. The surrounding area offers many things to do including golfing, boating, and fishing. Enjoy browsing the great selection o...
Overall Rating - Good - 17 reviews
Charged $20 extra for having two small dogs.The hotel is adequate for an overnight...but it is nothing special. I would describe it as 'OK' but with no real amenities. No lotion or conditioner...soap was very minimal small bars. Gets the job done but no more. Bed was cheap...not really comfortable. If you're tired, need a room and don't want to spend a lot of money, the place is 'adequate'.
|Excellent - 303 reviews
Stay Smart at Our Paducah, KY Hotel Situated on the Ohio River and the Illinois border, Paducah is a city that has blossomed. With a diversified economy and full roster of attractions, it's a beautiful place you won't forget. The Holiday Inn Express® Paducah hotel is near many of the industries that call this city home, including Computer Services Inc., Dipp...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 303 reviews
Excellent 9.0
clean room and very friendly staff- from the front desk to housekeeping
turkey sausage at breakfast had a odd aftertaste
|Excellent - 125 reviews
A wonder of arts, rhythm and rivers... welcome to the Hampton Inn & Suites Paducah, KY. Paducah is an invigorating environment of artistic expression surrounded by down-home goodness. Experience the friendliness of this eclectic town as you walk through the doors of your home away from at the Hampton Inn and Suites® hotel in Paducah, KY. Don't miss the allur...
Overall Rating - Excellent - 125 reviews
Excellent 10.0
Location right off the Highway...lots of restaurants in the area.
Wish the refrigerator was a bit bigger.Overall great hotel, clean, rooms and beds were very comfortable. Breakfast was amazing and the location was great as we stopped here for one night on our way down to Florida.
Good 8.0
I made my reservations for the wrong night and the hotel was more than helpful in getting them changed. Clean and well kept.
|Good - 194 reviews
Metropolis, IL Hotel's Guests Enjoy a Super Stay Although it's a small town, Lois Lane and Superman, have made Metropolis world-famous. The Holiday Inn Express® Hotel Metropolis sits at the northern edge of Fort Massac State Park and Nature Reserve, minutes from downtown and the beautiful Ohio River. Guests who stay with us enjoy a business-friendly location...
Overall Rating - Good - 194 reviews
Excellent 10.0
staff was very nice and helpfull room was perfect
Excellent 9.0
Rooms were clean and good breakfast.
Had a no smoking room, but smoking is allowed in the hotel. Woke up to very prevalent cigarette smoke odor.
|Good - 9 reviews
When you stay at Americas Best Value Inn in Paducah, you'll be close to Players Bluegrass Downs. This motel is within the vicinity of Fort Massac State Park and Americana Hollywood Museum. Make yourself at home in one of the 37 air-conditioned guestrooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your...
Overall Rating - Good - 9 reviews
Excellent 10.0
What I liked BEST about this hotel was the price. It was about half the cost of the other hotels in the area.
There was nothing unlikable about this hotel.The room was large and extremely clean. The staff was pleasant and made it known that they wanted to assist us in any way that we needed. We were late for breakfast and were told that they would make for us anything they were out of. They really bent over backwards to make sure we had a pleasant stay. I will always stay at this hotel if I again have occasion to be in Paducah.
Excellent 10.0
The beds were very comfortable. The room was also comfortable. Good breakfast too. And the owner was very pleasant. Will definitely tell others my experience and will be back in the future.


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Tags » Ms. Lauryn Hill
New Music | Ms Lauryn Hill | "Black Rage" [Stream]
Given the recent civil unrest in Ferguson, MO, leave it to Lauryn Hill to drop a track she recorded over a year ago as a demo. 64 more words
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Center For American Progress
Maurice "Mo" Goldman: Is Immigration Reform Still Possible in 2013?
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gloria's galaxy
Poetry and Art Work by Gloria Federwitz
By Design By Jill Haglund
The work of two wonderful friends Come together in this book.
Poetry, art work, photography,
digital editing, plus
designing and publishing.
About the Author
Publish Date October 26, 2008
Dimensions Standard Landscape 34 pgs
Standard Paper
Category Arts & Photography
hagluja says
For those purchasing this book, $5.00 of your purchase price will be donated to Christopher Berg Junior. C.J. is Gloria's beloved nephew.
posted at 08:50am Aug 29 PST
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Lacoste Glendon Plimsolls
- Low stock, selling fast
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Lacoste Glendon Mens Plimsolls
Lacoste presents a fresh aesthetic with these trainers in a choice of two stylish colourways. Giving a chunkier rework to the plimsoll, the Glendon serves to uphold Lacoste's design credentials.
Low cut in a boat shoe silhouette, these Lacoste trainers contrast with the pure white outsole in colourblocking style, whilst the rope laces and cushioned insole ensure a comfortable fit.
Vintage suede overlays cover both the tongue and the heel, whilst the finishing touch is the famous croc to the side.
Complete a nautical look for summer and pair these Lacoste trainers with chinos and an Oxford shirt for a standout look this season.
Useful info:
- Mens trainers by Lacoste
- Glendon
- Canvas upper with suede overlays
- Rope lace fastening
- Branded tab to tongue
- Crocodile to side and heel
- Contrast outsole
- Available in 2 colours
adidas Nitrocharge 2.0 TRX Mens Firm Ground Football Boots
- Low stock, selling fast
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Nitrocharge 2.0 TRX Firm Ground Football Boots
Giving incredible stability and elasticity on natural ground, the adidas Nitrocharge 2.0 football boots incorporate a TPU Energysling that boosts your lateral movements.
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A synthetic leather heel lining and an EVA sockliner with a smooth nubuck finish offer additional comfort to the Nitrocharge 2.0.
adidas miCoach compatible so you can analyse and track your performance, the lightweight TPU sole plate has Traxion 2.0 configuration of fixed triangular studs for maximum grip and acceleration.
Useful info:
- Mens football boots by adidas
- Nitrocharge 2.0
- For firm ground
- Asymmetrical lacing
- Shaped ankle collar
- Branding to tongue
- 3 stripes to side


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408 comments found
Thanks for answering my other question. I have another one for you though. The slide script multiplies the ... as it runs and website becomes very slow. How can we fix that?Here is a link to the page: http://mysampleconcept.com/hk
Hm, what do you mean? Can you please elaborate?
The following multiplies
<div class="backstretch" style="left: 0px; top: 0px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 766px; width: 1440px; z-index: -999999; position: fixed;" />
That's used on the background image, do you want to disable it? Your website loads extremely fast for me.
It loads fast at the beginning but if you stay on the page for like 15 sec, it starts getting very slow. This is happening especially with FireFox. No I do want to have the image slider but it seems like there is a major issue with the slider. Please advice. Thanks for your help and I look forward to your favorable reply.
I tried it on my computer with windows 8 and on my laptop with OS X, firefox and other browsers as well and I don't see such issue, it works without any issues.
Hi I purchased this theme, but I still can't get it uploaded to my website. I have tried over and over again, but it will not upload through wordpress.
Hello. Please send me a wordpress admin account + your url + your request/problem and I will take care of it.
Good morning one question: the left menu disappears after a few seconds. How can I disable this feature?
Hello there! What's your url?
I'm offline until August. I send you an email with the authentication data. is ok?
Email Sent
Answered and fixed!
I was hoping to add an audio track over a sequence of images on the front page. By default it only allows one image with audio. Would this be possible or am I looking at a lot of customisation.
send me a wordpress admin account + your request + your url and I'll take a look on it and tell you if it's much to change.
Is it a multilanguage theme ?
Not by default, you'll need 3rd party plugins
Hello, I think this is a really great theme. But I have a problem, I do not understand why the contact page theme does not work. Let me explain, when I try to send an email, put my ca although the mail was sent, but I have not received the email that I sent for testing. I obviously set the email address in the General panel of the theme. And I look in my spam. Anything. Thank you in advance for your help.
if it says it sent the e-mail, the problem is with the mail php function and you should contact your web host about it
Ok I will do that, thank you
You're welcome
Hello thank you for having solved my problem of the home page menu.
I have 1 question:
1) How can I add more fields (eg telephone) to the contact page?
Thank you, Paolo
you can change the code in page-template-contact.php
Hi, I really like the menu, but I would prefer it fixed not hidden. Is it possible? thanks
Yes, but please post your url.
Reading other post I resolved my problem, thank's.
Hello I have a doubt I bought your theme, and would like to know how to enable the Portfolio with 1 column
just use the "Portfolio page with 1 column" page template
Sorry this part of pages can access I wonder actually how I make the ABOUT U.S. and OUR TEAM
About us and Our team just use the shortcodes which were documented in the Documentation folder, you can either check the syntax for all the shortcodes there..or use this .xml file to get them as the demo https://www.dropbox.com/s/e2b4rjciteer8qs/ekho%20extras.zip
Information one would like to know some of the codes only work if the thema is online, and if the function ffSlider can be used on the home page and if yes how to put it?
You can create a page with the ffslider page template and choose it as the homepage in Settings > Reading
OK! Thank've finished my work now the last thing missing is for the header of the site, where can I modify it?
What do you mean? Can you elaborate?
I managed to solve most just have something in the theme that I can not do that are using the codes, they are not working, what do you do?
Sorry, I don't understand what you mean
Ok already decided everything, the only problem is the contact page, the email is coming over there with infomações, I would like to receive MESSAGES in outa cobta email where this dumb?
Sorry I still can't understand what you want to do, please ask someone to translate what you want to say because what you use right now(google translate) doesn't translate very well
Good morning i'm having a problem with the contact page, when a send a Message to it the Message goes to my email account without the informations, what can be hapening?and one more thing about the text box that stays At the home page,how can i insert a link And imagens on that text box?
Could you help me with that ?
Best regards
It's related to your hosting account, which removes the email address and name from the mail headers. You can send me your url, your problem and a WordPress admin account via the contact form on my profile and I'll fix it.
I have to send that link?
And regarding putting link in the text box of home?
You can send me your url, your problem and a WordPress admin account via the contact form on my profile and I'll fix it.
please send all the details I posted above using the contact form on my ThemeForest profile..and include the problem as well so I know what to fix.
hello, is there possible to automatically inserted pictures in a page sideways slider type page, because I have lots of pictures to put online? thank you
Unfortunately no, sorry
Hello, I have two questions, my images on IPAD and Iphone shows like that, https://www.dropbox.com/s/ny2vfwljb46v53r/Captura%20de%20pantalla%202013-04-21%20a%20las%2020.48.54.psd I think is a problem with the media image size in the wordpress, What are the correct size for the optime use theme?
and the ohter question is the video homepage don`t appear on the iPHone and Ipad devices.
My url is www.fusteriajoanmarti.com
Your screenshot doesn't load for me :/ Also please use a .jpg or .png image
Ok, I resolved the problem with the images, but now I want to remove white sparkles on the background on home page, I put the code on Style.css for don't appear, but still appear. (Excuse my english is not my language) Thanks
Add this to style.css:
#sparkles { display: none !important; }
I have tried a few days ago and it doesn`t work.
you added it as "sparkles" and not "#sparkles"
ok, It works now! thanks!!!
You're welcome! Please rate the theme in the Downloads section
Hello, thank you for you this wonderful theme.
But, as others, on home page, it is running very slow about 15 seconds, when using slideshow. Please, how can I fix it ?
Here is my website : http://goo.gl/63gMB
Thank you for answering.
You don't have the buyer badge. And, my demo loads quite quick even when a slideshow is being used.
Sorry but I can't log in with the account i purchased your template. Actually, my login is GD31, you can check it out if you want.
And the problem is not only with my website, your demo is also running slow when you stay a few minutes on homepage.
Is-it possible to remove some javascript loading who aren't used ? Or to comprime CSS stylesheet in only one ?
This problem is really annoying.
Answered below. I can't see such problems on the demo ..and your website loads just fine too.
Hello I'm GraphikoPhil, I found my old account !
So, is-it possible to remove some javascript loading who aren't used ? Or to comprime CSS stylesheet in only one ?
You can try using some minify plugins, the js files that are loaded are always used.
Hi, how can I change the background of the homepage? Which way to put the bacground write the demo?
You can change the background image of the homepage in the Ekho Options panel > Homepage
The background image on your "Contact page" template isn't working. The background image feature works on the other templates, but when I use the "Contact page" template, the background is set to the default gray gradient.
The contact page template is meant to have a google map as the background image instead of an image
Hello I've been though all the comments and can't find what I want.
I really want to replace the featured boxes (that you use to put icons and text in) with a clean floating image of a product that is a link to another website. Basically keep all the current features of the round featured box area but make the box an image instead.
I'm sure most would agree that if you were to build this option in, it would improve your sales hugely and make this a way more complete theme.
Is this possible for me to do? And if not can I get a coder to do it for me? Please can you show me where the code is.
I understand that you can't add a featured image to the back ground through WordPress but there must be a way to do it. Maybe meta-boxes and hooks etc…. I am only a beginner though but will happily pay someone to code it for me… the wonders of Fiverr…..
Thanks, JJ
The code to add an image in those boxes is this one, added in style.css:
.featured_boxes .boxes { background-image: url("link to the image"); }
but to add a unique image to each post individually, that would require quite a good deal of customization unfortunately, I can't offer support for customization work.
Hello, Overall i am quite pleased with the theme, however, there is one thing i would like to know. After looking at the demonstration, one of the features that most appealed to me was the moving background image. However after discovering that to have a moving background it has to be located on youtube i was quite disapointed. Is it possible to upload my clip to my site (FTP) and use it as a background from there? I am not to keen on the youtube bar showing at the bottom, and being able to pause the video from clicking on the background. Also using my video background from youtube takes extra time from initially entering my site before appearing. If there is a solution to this it would be much appreciated.
Unfortunately that's not possible, the script we wanted to use doesn't play nice with tablets so only YouTube is possible right now. You can upload your video there and set it to private if you don't want it to be accessed from anywhere else. And the time you waste by loading the youtube video is the same time the visitor may use to download the video from your own website.
Thank you for your swift response. I have worked around the YouTube background, however there is an issue with my menu links. Depending on what page I am currently on, all the page links in the menu navigate to the page I am currently on (except from the Home link). e.g. When on the homepage all of the links navigate to the homepage.
Hmm, what's your URL?
Mhm, that's weird, send me a WordPress admin account and your problem via the contact form on my profile and I'll check it.
I would like to know why isn't it possible to put a Youtube Video which begins à 30s or 67s like this : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vhf5cuXiLTA#t=95s in HomePage Background???
Thanks for your answer
Unfortunately the script used for youtube background doesn't accept such options.
I'm so disapointed … I needed all the youtube options for my website. This theme doesn't correspond to me I lost 45$ ....
you can check their options & API, of that youtube plugin I use…they might have those options and you can hardcode them…
Hello, I've just install your theme and I put some css style in Ekho options / general settings / custom Css…. but It doesn't work. I put this css but nothing has changed : #featured_boxes .border_effect .boxes:hover { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px #fff; !important; -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px #fff; !important; box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px #fff; !important; } #featured_boxes .circle .boxes {-webkit-border-radius: 0px; !important; border-radius: 0px; !important;} .featured_boxes .boxes .inner-box {vertical-align: top; !important;}
Can you help me ? Thanks
Please put your css code on pastebin.com or codepad.org so I can understand it and see if there are any syntax errors, I can't understand anything here
I just want to change the form of circles on homepage… For having squares. That is why I would change css "border-radius: 0px;". Then, I would change the color of border in white, and align the content in the top of square.
I just want to change the form of circles on homepage… For having squares. That is why I would change css "border-radius: 0px;". Then, I would change the color of border in white, and align the content in the top of square. But my problem is : when I put a css in "custom css"... it don't work (sorry for my english… I'm french)
Ok, It works. I have put ";" before "!important;". Thanks for your answer
Another question about navigation an style. In the live preview http://demo.teothemes.com/?theme=ekho when I choose the option "full animated" navigation, your navigation doesn't disappear. But when I choose this option in my website, the navigation disappear. Furthermore, if i choose a "light" theme, in my website, social icons are invisible and the titles of the information in the circle box become black. Can you help me ? My website : http://188.8.131.52/04fr/
Add this to style.cs:
#header.animatedfull { left: 0 !important; }
Ok, with your css code, navigation is fixe. But the social icons and title (in circle) stay invisible…. They are white on a white background….
hmm, they look fine to me, did you already fix the problem?
Yes It' work but i had to add this css in custom css body.light ul.social_icons li a {color: #e74c17 !important;} Thanks


text:
My epson printer will not leave my dock even though it is not plugged in
Last response: in Mac Os X
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Tagged: jonathan drew
What Makes a Boutique Cigar a Boutique Cigar?
Boutique cigars are one of the hottest trends going in the world of cigars today. If you need more proof, check the 2013 Top 25 Cigars of the Year List – if you eliminate cigars you can't score legally in the USA, you'll find the Aging Room Quattro at the top of the list. What company makes the Aging Room you ask? Rafael Nodal's cigar company, the aptly named Boutique Blends. But what makes a boutique cigar a boutique cigar? Simple. It's…um, yeah.
Well, if you consult a dictionary, you'll get this: "…of, designating, or characteristic of a small, exclusive producer or business: one of California's best boutique wineries."
Obviously, for our purposes, we're replacing the word "wineries" with "cigars" (or should it be manufacturers? More on that in a minute) – but when we define "boutique" – should we be doing it in terms of numbers, such as output of bottles (or cigars)? Or is it in availability of supplies, as in "small batch?" Is it the size of the manufacturer that matters?
Yes. And no. Continue reading
What Makes ACID Cigars Different?
What makes ACID cigars different from all other cigars may not be as obvious at first sight. In their cellos they look like most other premium handmade cigars, though the band colors may be a bit louder than your average Macanudo. It's when you take them out of their cellos or tubes that you immediately notice the difference. And unless you have absolutely no sense of smell, it's as plain as the nose on your face. Each cigar is imbued with its own intense fragrance characteristics. To some of you who grew up during the 1970′s, they may remind you of the incense they used to burn in the head shops. The aromas in ACID cigars come from a special mixture chosen for each blend from over 140 herbal and botanical essences. Many have tried to replicate the Acid "blend," but with little or no success, because the secret to Acid's unique infusion method has never been revealed, and they intend to keep it that way. Continue reading


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Dodge Dakota Questions Maintenance & Repair
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Left Front Pops When Turned To The Right.
2WD just put on new hubs, rotors, and brake pads. Now it pops when turned to the right.
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I am getting a knocking noise(in Park ONLY )...My Performance/gas Mileage/etc. are NOT affected...!!! I have been told by one Mechanic that it is a main Engine bearing...therefore I need a NEW engine....
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So I have a 1992 Dodge Dakota 5.2 V8 with the 4 speed auto which has been leaking for quite some time and the shop said it was just the pan gasket. I'm finally replacing it tomorrow after a year and...
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PARAGOULD, AR (KAIT) - It might seem strange to hear tornado sirens going off in December, but that is what happened by accident in Paragould Tuesday morning.
According to a news release by the Paragould Police Department, tornado sirens for the city went off around 3:30 a.m.
They went off while the siren system was being disarmed. The police department apologized for them being activated and stated "measures have been taken to prevent it from happening again".
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The Gresham Hotel
Dublin, Ireland
The Gresham Hotel
23, Upper O'Connell Street, D1 Dublin – Show map
Excellent location — rated 9.3/10! (score from 1660 reviews)
Rated by guests after their stay at The Gresham Hotel.
Get instant confirmation with FREE cancellation on most rooms!
6 reasons to choose The Gresham Hotel
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228 properties in Dublin
Including hotels, apartments, villas and more.
1660 verified reviews
We verify all reviews from guests who have stayed at The Gresham Hotel. Find out more.
We speak your language
The Gresham Hotel's staff speak: Russian, Dutch, Italian, French, Spanish, English, German, Arabic
Booking is safe
When you book with us your details are protected by a secure connection.
Food & Drink
Bar, Breakfast in the room, Restaurant (à la carte)
Free! WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Private parking is possible on site (reservation is not needed) and costs EUR 15.50 per day.
Room service, 24-hour front desk, Currency exchange, Luggage storage, Concierge service, Laundry, Dry cleaning, Meeting/banquet facilities, Business centre, Fax/photocopying, Bridal suite
Newspapers, Safety deposit box, Non-smoking rooms, Lift, Heating, Non-smoking throughout
Languages spoken
Russian, Dutch, Italian, French, Spanish, English, German, Arabic
From 15:00 hours
Until 12:00 hours
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check the conditions of your required room.
Children and extra beds
All children are welcome.
Free! All children under 1 year stay free of charge when using existing beds.
All children under 2 years are charged EUR 50 per person per night for children's cots/cribs.
All older children or adults are charged EUR 80 per person per night for extra beds.
The maximum number of extra beds/children's cots permitted in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or child's cot/crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Supplements are not calculated automatically in the total costs and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are not allowed.
Cards accepted at this property
The Gresham Hotel accepts these cards and reserves the right to pre-authorise your card prior to arrival.
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Great bedroom, spacious, comfortable bed. Excellent bathroom great shower, plenty of hot water, towels etc.
Breakfast. No privacy, like a school canteen with long tables seating 12, sit anywhere. Had to share jugs of juice, butter milk, preserves etc. Chaotic. Food selection good but hot food lukewarm. If staying again we would eat elsewhere at breakfsdt time. The hotel no longer opens its good restaurant, just a bar where the food tends to be a bit "country kitchen, rustic" and overpriced. Fortunately there are some excellent restuarants in the area.
The service was excellent cheerful and helpful staff, nothing was too much trouble. Will return.
Room Convenience Location Overall ambience
Bit busy at checking/out but considering size of hotel not unexpected
Breakfast, Staff, Location
The cost became more favourable due to the cancellation of the GB concert! which suited better. Our room was very comfortable and a great bathroom which I think is very important. Staff were very courteous. Booked champagne afternoon for our 35 Anniversary which was a lovely treat. As a coffee shop owner it is lovely to be attended too than always attending to someone else. Well done.
That I had to leave so soon, but will be back.
Great location couldn't be anymore central. Booked two rooms. One for me and my boyfriend and the other for my parents. Told them it was my mums birthday a few days before and they upgraded them to a suite and have cupcakes on arrival. Really nice touch. Didn't eat breakfast as it was too expensive. Ate in a little cafe down the road, lovely food & so cheap. Would stay here again
Great location if you plan on doing things in Dublin as its very central and easy to get to. Staff are very helpful and polite.
The room was smaller than i expected and I was not that comfortable in it. I found the air conditioning very poor which resulted in our room being extremely hot.
Great location and a good place to be in the centre of Dublin, good value for money
Needs an upgrade. Rooms and corridors looking tired and although it claims to be four starts, I'd give it three.
We found the bar staff and night porter unwelcoming and rude. Our room 'upgrade' was disappointing.
Great location, near to all the transport facilities, tourist busses and shopping.
Location, bar area, reception area, cleanliness, staff
Rooms were very basic, expected a bit more for my money. Bath very small also
Location, air conditioning, bathroom
Room was too small, bed was too hard
On the day I checked in, I was feeling unwell, so it was especially good to have been able to check in at noon?
Parsonne parle francaise
Everything apart from bedroom.
We were there during hot weather. 23rd24th July. Room too hot ( no air conditioning) could not open window as noise from street unbearable. (Front of hotel) did not sleep for the 2 nights. If we were there in winter it would have been great.
Location good for shopping.
Breakfast extra car parking extra. No facilities for smokers.
Comfort, location, cleanliness, staff, atmosphere & ambience....
Thought it was a joke that guests would have to pap for watching regular TV channels!
Excellent location for shopping and dining. Easy access to car park
No air conditioning in our room
The bedroom was a bit small.
Had a fab stay in this hotel, all the staff couldn't do enough for you. So central to everything, 10 mins from train station and bang in the heart of Dublin City Centre. Have booked already to go back!
Waited 20 minutes at reception to check in and had to pay as soon as I got there as I didn't have a mastercard.
Charming and Professional service. A Top Class Hotel, which is worth the extra money paid.
Location Decor Bar area Staff Breakfast
Quite expensive Room very basic Wifi connection was very poor
good variety/quality breakfast housekeeping cleanliness
room was small and poorly furnished shower/bath was cramped for space wi fi not available half our stay generally facilities not up to price/star rating
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PSN PixelJunk series will be bundled in the PixelJunk 3in1 Pack for the Asian market, reports Siliconera. The bundle will include Racers, Monsters and Eden. All games have English or Japanese language options, but there's no word yet if the disc includes the Monsters expansion or the Eden soundtrack.
Although we've yet to hear back from Sony Europe, Sony America let us know that it has no "official announcements at this time about the PixelJunk series." If the region didn't deserve a hard copy for Siren: Blood Curse's 9 gigglebytes, what chance does PixelJunk have? Ending on a good note: at least PS3 games aren't region locked.
[Update: Q Games president Dylan Cuthbert confirmed to Joystiq that this PixelJunk pack is Asia-only. "Right now, this special bundle is for Asia only."]
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Cowen launches €500m plan for Ireland as innovation hub
TAOISEACH BRIAN Cowen will this morning launch an ambitious €500 million plan on which the Government has pinned its hopes of making Ireland the "innovation hub" of Europe.
Mr Cowen will announce details of the "Innovation Fund" at a meeting with business leaders at the New York Stock Exchange today.
The fund has been Government policy since the smart economy framework was published in 2008 but has been delayed by the recession. Before his departure for New York yesterday, Mr Cowen confirmed the scheme will commence in September, with the State investing €250 million over five years, a sum which he said will be matched by private sector investment.
To read the full, original article click on this link: Cowen launches €500m plan for Ireland as innovation hub - The Irish Times - Mon, Jul 12, 2010
Author: HARRY McGEE and LARA MARLOWE
Wednesday, 06 August 2014 00:00
Saturday, 02 August 2014 00:00
Thursday, 14 August 2014 00:00
Mobile Internet investment explosion: $47B in M&A plus $14B in investments | VentureBeat | Mobile | by John Koetsier
Tuesday, 12 August 2014 00:00
What's driving venture capital? Google & other tech giants' rush to be conglomerates - The Economic Times
Thursday, 07 August 2014 00:00


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if you hold an empty gatorade bottle up to your ear you can hear the sports
(via kinetic-squirrel)
if you hold an empty gatorade bottle up to your ear you can hear the sports
(via kinetic-squirrel)
today a guy confirmed that at boy sleepovers they do in fact talk about girls and who they like a good majority of the time i just thought this would be useful information
Why does this have so many notes? What did you think we do at sleepovers? Meth? Animal sacrifice?
Well thats what girls do
(via lezbevagitarians)
(via steveholtvstheuniverse)
for at least five weeks, more or less! I might pop in every now and again, but I'm officially a part of FEMACorps and the campus I'm staying on currently has no internet access. None. When we move to the new campus in Baltimore after a quick spike in Mississippi, I should be back.
Just wanted to let you all know! Thanks for sticking with me!
You know what always makes me feel better when I'm sad? Watching someone in an oversized Twilight costume fall off stage in front of little children
(via usbdongle)
Buying games your computer can't run
Buying games your computer can sorta run.
(via kinetic-squirrel)
do you ever have that feeling….
technology makes everything imaginary, my friend
(via testchamber19)
So, after the shit-show that was DashCon 2014, a lot of LOVELY people invited as guests were not paid, nor compensated and generally forced to pay out-of-pocket something that had been promised to them (whether hotel fees, travel costs, or just plain money for a performance.)
This is INEXCUSABLE and downright WRONG.
This being said, there are some avenues Tumblr could take as a way to make it up, to help pay for those hotel costs, travel costs, make up for the time away from friends, family or work!
I thought about a donation page but with what happened with Dashcon I was concerned about how that would look. A random person saying: I'm TOTALLY NOT AFFILIATED WITH DASHCON SO YOU SHOULD THROW MONEY AT ME AND I PROMISE IT WILL GET TO THE ARTISTS.
Of course, I still say that but I thought of something better.
Something more direct.
The three people/groups most affected by this disaster were: Welcome to Night Vale, Gingerhaze, and BakerStreetBabes.
People in the tumblr community that we know and love and look out for.
So, it's time to show them how much we care.
Linked below are the shops and donation (if applicable) links for the three groups listed above. If you have funds to spare, please think about giving them just something for their time.
Welcome to Night Vale: [shop] [donate]
Gingerhaze: [shop] (no donation link found - please contact me if I'm just missing it.)
So please, if you have the means, think about donating DIRECTLY to these lovely people (and groups) in hopes that it will offset the cost they incurred and make this weekend a little more pleasant for all. Sadly, we can't do this for everyone that attended nor the vendors that didn't make sales but if for some reason I'm missing someone important PLEASE contact me and I will edit this!
(via fiona-so)
After everything that's happened with Dashcon, I think a cool thing for people to do if they are into the Nighvale fandom and want to show their support for those folks is to donate some money to them (if you can) to try to help pay them back for their flights and hotels which they paid for out of their own pockets in order to be there for their fans. Source
Although I am not sure the amount of money that was put out for the endeavour, they do have a donation page here and I'm sure they would appreciate anything. Even just a note thanking them for trying to be present for Dashcon would probably make their day.
In order to become the supreme adult, you must perform the seven wonders:
- Public speaking
- Not being afraid of teenagers
- Calling the doctor yourself
- Taxes
- Arguing without crying
- Having a normal sleep pattern
- Having an answer to the question 'what do you want to do with your life?'
Holy shit, I did it.
(via testchamber19)
a guy walked into the board room and said
"hi sweetheart if you could fix me up a coffee real quick im meeting with the regional reports manager in like five minutes, thanks darling"
and i just stared at him and coldly said
"i am the regional reports manager"
we are now twenty minutes into this board meeting and i dont think i've ever seen a man look so embarrassed and afraid in my whole life
(via usbdongle)
Blown away by the response to the April Fools episode, The Brothers Chap return to the animation game.