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From the article: George Washington's warning against political parties
From the article: George Washington's warning against political parties
We all want a civil society, but what does civility actually mean when describing today's bombastic rhetoric to each other.
No matter which side, liberal or conservative, one can easily find comments on the internet that show no desire to find common ground, and remaining cordial is a useless exercise to some.
We have all seen it.
There is so much anger today, and finding ways to extinguish that fire can seem to be a daunting task for anyone that believes that we will have to find ways to work together, to move forward.
Unfortunately, it appears there are some that believe the fight is worth fighting, and being civil is needless and unwanted. Their efforts extend to trying to eradicate the opposing political parties views.
We are in a new kind of civil war that is dividing family and friends. This has become more prevalent since so many have turned to Facebook to air their differences.
The new norm is an us versus them mentality, if you will. Winning this fight has gotten everyone so worked up, that I wish everyone would take a collective deep breath to see how we are talking to each other, and to find ways to heal the wounds that have been inflicted.
What is not seen or heard though is the fact that there are many that think politics is not worth losing friendships with their family and friends, so they go underground with their beliefs to keep the peace. I am in between. I believe strongly in my political ideals and I want to be able to express my values without fear, but I have lost friendships too, and I have become tame compared to some.
In my community, I have totally different political values to many, but I grew up in the same environment that they did. I know the same people that they do. I went hunting at a young age, like many, and went to the same churches, festivals and events. I am a part of the community and the community is part of me, as it is with them.
Sometimes, I feel they can be hard-headed and refuse to back away from their positions, but I find that I am just as adamant about my own positions. The difficulty is if they get into a huff, they just walk away for good, and let me tell you, they have long memories.
I have learned that I have to be very diplomatic when talking to my friends, and I know there are some people you just can't reach, but I do believe it is possible for them to at least accept that my ideals should be on the table and not disqualified out of hand as so often happens today. At the same time, I don't want them to think that I am discrediting their thoughts as well.
Because of all of the heated rhetoric, I understand what it means to feel like a stranger in my own community, and that I am only tolerated, because I was born here. I know that this isn't true, but the feeling is the same. The ground beneath my feet still feels like home though, and nothing will persuade me to think otherwise.
One fact still remains the same, I am just as much an American as any other, no matter my beliefs. But is the fight worth it?
Being from Kentucky, the Hatfield and McCoy feud comes to mind. The fight between them lasted for generations, and back then, they could have never envisioned a day when they wouldn't be fighting, but today, they only battle each other to see who can bring in the most tourist money for their communities. Their feud has faded away.
Will this feud that we are in today, that is causing so much incivility and harm, do the same? I hope so.
Astronauts return to earth with a message that makes everything down on earth seem small.
They want to tell us about a new way of thinking. The 'Overview Effect' is what they call it, and when one understands, they will have a new perspective for everything that happens down on earth. With this new way of seeing things, all of the divisive discourse and hyper-partisanship in our country means little when it is seen that we are all in this together.
Planetary Collective created this short film, and I think it's a message more people need to see and hear:
On the 40th anniversary of the famous 'Blue Marble' photograph taken of Earth from space, Planetary Collective presents a short film documenting astronauts' life-changing stories of seeing the Earth from the outside – a perspective-altering experience often described as the Overview Effect.
The Overview Effect, first described by author Frank White in 1987, is an experience that transforms astronauts' perspective of the planet and mankind's place upon it. Common features of the experience are a feeling of awe for the planet, a profound understanding of the interconnection of all life, and a renewed sense of responsibility for taking care of the environment.
'Overview' is a short film that explores this phenomenon through interviews with five astronauts who have experienced the Overview Effect. The film also features insights from commentators and thinkers on the wider implications and importance of this understanding for society, and our relationship to the environment.
In my neck of the woods, if I believed that I could not be friends with any Republican because of their beliefs, then I would have no friends. Friends that shared adventures with me, shared their stories with me, and most importantly, their time. Friends that were there for me when I needed them most, which I still do sometimes. How could I ever think that way?
Reading the comments on local news boards throwing hyperbole and hate at each other, like a messy food fight where everything is rotten, and seeing all the people fussing at each other on television with nothing to show for it and nothing being resolved, I can see how one could believe an answer can never be found. An endless game that continues to bring ever increasing profits to the media outlets. In other words, it's big business.
Hostile crowds scream and protest the other sides values, demonizing them to the electorate and trying to show their lack of patriotism and morals, while questioning their need to have a voice altogether. Family members grow bitter towards each other and co-workers ostracize opposing viewpoints. A nationwide intervention is needed to reduce this division and hate.
All the while, everyone is forgetting those times in our nation's history where we stood together or died fighting for our freedoms. Bigger issues were dealt with in the spirit of unity and community, and where great events were shared by a proud nation, when everyone remembered that most important lesson of all, we were all Americans.
It goes on and on daily if you have the stomach to watch, but the drumbeat continues showing only the differences and conflict. There comes a time when the game will have to be exposed and for everyone to just take a breath and relax for a second. If it seems bad now, it was probably worse at another time in our history, even though one politician or another would tell you differently.
Watching politics today is like following the intrigue of the 'Game of Thrones' on HBO. The tactics and strategy overwhelm every thought of every player in the grand campaign of our political institutions. It consumes morals and good will to each other, eliminating the common bond that holds our communities and nation together. In today's political climate, it is the game that counts the most and not the people, and Machiavelli would feel right at home.
A game that draws fans to both sides and appears to be fun for a time while venting differences at each other and winning or losing debates. Most debates continue on and on without one side or the other able to land that final rebuttal that will quiet them into agreeing. At some point, the debate has to end and compromise begin. When we cannot come together in our own communities, how can we expect our politicians to do the same for the purpose of governing?
It appears the politicians have watched and learned that when the tempers flare and partisan rhetoric flows, it is easier for them to continue with their need to win the ultimate battle. Stoking the fires within their base by creating a fear of the other side winning, so visceral, that the only answer is the complete destruction of the other political party. This is the goal that is most highly prized. Complete power of one party in the government institutions.
Moderate voices from both parties have lost the ability to appeal for reasonable debate using common sense and compromise, but the extremes have decided that it would be much easier to use their influence and money to remove those moderate voices from the argument.
I hear this anger directed at me where, in the past, it did not exist, and I see the distrust in their eyes. Gone are the days when my political views were tolerated and the conversations were a good-natured banter, but I have faith this will be only a short-lived period of disagreement. Our country has had plenty of times when events caused ripples in the water of the pond, but, with patience, the water has always calmed, over time.
I am a liberal dissident in Republican lands, but I have learned to accept the fact that most of my friends are Republicans in my community, and I wouldn't change a thing. I am proud to call them my friends and perhaps that is what our country needs the most, patience for each other and possibly, a pride in the fact that we are all Americans even if we do have differences.
My friend, Annabel Park, an activist and documentary film maker, tried to begin a dialog on the gun control debate after the mass shootings in Connecticut, but found that the divisions were so deep on this issue, that her faith in dialogue and storytelling was tested.
With her experience with interviewing people for her documentaries, Annabel has been on the front line of the hyper-partisan debates in America. She is now working a documentary called, 'Story of America: A Nation Divided'.
Annabel believes in the transformative power of dialog and storytelling, as I do, because just spouting opinions at those that disagree with you will not achieve good results. It requires listening.
If you listen to the other side's stories while relating some of your own, the conversation has more of a chance to become civil and dialog may occur. There are some that will never be reached though. Their stance on this issue is so culturally ingrained in their world outlook that advocating for any changes will always be a non-starter.
However, not everyone believes as strongly as they do, and are not as fixed in their views on the second amendment that listening to the stories of other people can be attempted. Many people really do live in different cultural worlds, but within each of those worlds, there are people like me that agree with Annabel's thoughts on common sense gun measures, even though they believe everyone has the right to own a gun for protection and hunting.
I have been seeking others that believe in the 2nd Amendment but also believe changes need to be made for gun control, because they are the key in helping to diffuse the hostility of the debate. They are fluent in the cultural and religious traditions and can better verbalize the concerns and trepidation of the gun control advocates, as well as those of the gun rights advocates.
If the call becomes large enough for change, real progress may occur, if that call is heard from within each of the gun rights advocate's own communities.
After Annabel wrote a blog post advocating basic gun regulation to her pro-gun friends, a heated debate ensued, and in response, she wrote this essay:
Zombies, guns and confronting my biggest fear
- By Annabel Park · December 27, 2012
Dear Friends,
I have been reflecting a good deal on this past year and why my new project Story of America means so much to me.
It was a difficult year for many of us because, regardless of how you feel about the outcome of the 2012 election, the debates that we witnessed this year were a reminder that we are indeed very divided from each other.
As some of you know, I have deep faith in the transformative power of dialogue and storytelling. Even during the ugliest moments during the election, I maintained the faith that we can heal the divide in our country through dialogue.
We began filming Story of America in the first week of November and documented just how divided we were as voters even down to our experiences of voting. We created videos aboutBattleground Virginia and were featured in the Washington Post for our dramatic coverage of the 5-hour lines at polling stations in Prince William County.
After the Newtown massacre, I must confess, my faith in dialogue was tested. Two days after the shooting, I wrote a blog post, Replying to my pro-gun friends, addressing some popular pro-gun talking points and pointing out that we need sensible gun regulation. My basic point is that gun laws should be regarded as a public safety issue. With nearly 50k likes and over 650 comments, it generated a lot of discussion. Along with hundreds of people, I tried to reply to some of the angry comments on that page and in my inbox. I found it incredibly challenging to engage people in a constructive dialogue.
I get the self-defense argument, especially for those living in rural areas. I'm not someone calling for a ban on all guns — not at all. I'm aware that most gun owners are responsible. I personally know plenty of responsible gun owners.
What I don't get is the desire and need for military-style assault weapons. The argument that this kind of weapon is needed for defending oneself from home invaders and wild animals or hunting animals for food is not convincing to me. The fact that so many people desire and own these weapons makes me wonder if people approach ordinary life in America as warfare. Why do we need such powerful weapons? Are we in a war of some kind against one another and I didn't know it?
While trying to talk to people online about gun control after Newtown, I started to wonder if we just live in different worlds and we don't have enough in common for dialogue. I feared that my critics are living in the Walking Dead, the post-apocalyptic TV show about zombies, and I'm living in a Frank Capra movie. That is, we're not just divided, we live in such different realities that we cannot understand each other and feel alienated from each other.
I'm not saying that all pro-gun people live in this world. I worry that there is a subset of pro-gun advocates who do live in this world and those are the people who test my faith in dialogue.
This is my fear and this is what some people tried to tell me in the last three years since the rise of the Tea Party: the other side is full of crazy, evil, and horrible people. You can't reason with them. You can only beat them or eliminate them from the process. I had insisted that this is just not how American democracy works. We need many voices, a diversity of people freely expressing their opinions: E pluribus unum.
Last Friday, Eric Byler and I documented the protest outside the NRA press conference in Washington DC, their first one after Newtown. We captured NRA protesters shouting at pro-gun activists trying to disrupt their protest. I was confronted face-to-face with the specter of that existential chasm — it looked like the NRA protesters and the pro-gun activists were utterly alien and zombie-like to each other.
In fact, when I was interviewing Larry Ward, one of the pro-gun advocates arguing with the NRA protesters, he specifically asked what would happen to us if we declared a zombie-free zone. We'd get eaten by zombies. He started out speaking about zombies figuratively, but then compared people addicted to meth to zombies.
This is my fear about America in a nutshell: Are we feeling so alienated from one another that we see the other as zombie-like and worthless? That is, not deserving of compassion, a voice in the political process, or even life? And, is this alienation creeping into our legislative process? Everything from gun control to the budget, immigration laws, and Stand Your Ground laws?
And if that is the case, what are the ultimate consequences and the remedies?
I do accept the point of my pro-gun friends and perhaps the creators of the Walking Dead that to some extent that civilization (law and order) is more fragile than we'd like to believe it is and there are some truly awful and destructive people out there. I can readily imagine needing to defend myself from chaotic and violent forces in our society.
The problem is that the belief that civilization is breaking down can become a self-fulfilling prophesy. The less you trust and value civilization and the inherent worth of human beings, the more willing you will be to live outside it and see the people inside as weak, parasitic and worthless. This kind of alienation from our society just is destabilizing.
I believe we have a big choice to make right now and this is the bigger point that I think the creators of the Walking Dead are making: civilization is a choice not a given. In order to make that choice, we must think about some fundamental questions about our relationship to each other. Do we see value in each other as human beings? As fellow Americans? Do we want to reaffirm the Union? Do we choose to commit to the principles and the experiment that is America? Is so, what does that mean? Do we consent to the social contract? If so, what does that mean? And, how do we (re)commit to the social contract in a meaningful way?
Something interesting happened for me last Friday outside the NRA press conference that helped me answer some of those questions. Despite my fear that Larry Ward and Adam Kokesh (independent journalist who created Adam Vs the Man) lived in a different world, we talked.
After a few minutes of talking, they did not seem alien to me at all. I quickly realized that my initial assessment of them was fear-based and way off. I didn't agree with them, but I was able to have a civil and reasonable conversation with them. In engaging them on this polarizing topic, I thought it would be helpful if we can begin the conversation with the agreement that guns are already regulated so that discussion is not centered on IF it should be since it already is. Both Larry and Adam readily agreed that guns were already regulated. Now the question is, which regulations are actually helpful from the standpoint of public safety and acceptable from the standpoint of self-defense/gun rights of individuals? Surely, we can have a balance of those two. I do believe there was some progress made. What do you think? I'm curious to hear your opinion on these videos.
Beyond the issue of regulating guns, I realized that my anxiety about our alienation from each other, the Walking Dead problem, can be addressed by talking. Moreover, I think dialogue is itself a reaffirmation of the social contract. If we didn't care about that contract at all, we wouldn't be talking; we'd be shooting or eating each other. We would resort to violence much more often than communication. As it is, even though we're often uncivil and ineffective, we're still talking to each other. That says something. The more we talk to each other with respect (speaking our minds and listening), the less alienated we will be from each other, and the stronger our nation will be.
I know that's a lot of pressure to place on talking and dialogue. However, a sophisticated language is, after all, what distinguishes human beings from the rest of the animal kingdom.
It's tempting to think that the main problem with politics in America is extremism. I think it's a combination of extremism and the silent, browbeaten, apathetic, exhausted, cynical, disengaged and marginalized majority. That majority must now stand together with a roar to reset the course for America by dominating the national dialogue instead of allowing it to be controlled by the loudest and the most divisive few.
This has been a long explanation of why I'm putting my heart and soul into the Story of America. Thank you for listening.
I believe we are ready to have a dialogue about gun control. We must be, because the violence will continue and continue to the point where no one will care anymore when they learn about future mass shootings and the senseless deaths they cause. We are almost there now, but if the dialog can turn to common sense regulations and removing the fear that many have about their guns being taken away, constructive talks may finally begin.
Many staunch second amendment advocates have family and friends that are not as unyielding in their beliefs. They may agree that everyone has a right to own guns, but they also see the devastation caused by the mass shootings using high power weapons, high-capacity magazine clips and armor piercing ammunition.
For those that honestly want to find a solutions to this national debate, we need to seek these people out and begin a dialog. They are the key, because they are the only ones that can influence those that cannot be reached.
It seems that we are going through another cycle of history. With unlimited amounts of money being injected into politics, this could be one of the most important events of this decade, and possibly future decades, if rational minds cannot expose what is happening. Getting the big money out of the elections including those associated with both the democratic and republican parties will only bring a more pure democracy.
Remembering what Abraham Lincoln said, "that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth", I find this one quote from the Gettysburg Address explains what real democracy can be. Not the power that wealth brings with astronomical donations of money and television ads from all the special interests groups, but the power of each individual voter.
Doesn't a corporation include just single individuals from the top to the bottom? Will each person vote exactly the same within that organization? I wonder how an organization can be considered one voice for every single person working for that organization. If each one of these special interests organizations is allowed to spend unlimited money on elections, then where does each individual stand with their own ability to raise money for their candidate?
Why should my vote depend on how much money I have? This is not rational to me. So this government of the people, by the people, for the people, that we pride ourselves in for its actual realization of a truly free nation, is dictated by money in its elections to control the message. The message that I am hearing from the media is only partisan politics and I don't want to believe the rhetoric from both sides anymore. I just want the facts and the message should be the truth and not bought like some commodity on the stock exchange as we see today with the meteoric rise of negative attack ads paid for on television.
In this system of elections today, I can donate, let's say, $100. I would feel good that I contributed to my party but then I hear about one large group contributing millions of dollars to the other party. Would that be a waste of my money? I don't have a lot to give and there is recession going on too. I guess I will have to trust that some group that favors my ideas about bringing jobs back to the United States will donate to my cause. What's this? The corporations, who have the most wealth, can invest unlimited amounts of money in the elections. What about my vote? My vote counts as much as a Wall Street banker CEO.
Watching the television, there have been so many despicable and appalling political commercials aired in the past elections. Some were telling me how one of the candidates was "Taliban Dan" and another was saying that she was not a witch. Is this informing the electorate or entertaining them?
Oftentimes I see that people begin to believe these commercials and I consider the millions of dollars being spent on them. I finally understand that my voice isn't being heard. People's minds are being made up, not by looking at what the candidates stand for but for what the commercials are telling them about the opposing candidates. The discourse is not civil and is just too exhausting to want to dwell on such negative things.
It is easy to understand why so many people have lost their enthusiasm for the elections and choose not to vote at all.
We have seen before how big business went against the majority of Americans for financial gains in the past. Here is an excerpt explaining Teddy Roosevelt's fight against Big Business Trusts from U.S. History.org:
He believed Wall Street financiers and powerful trust titans to be acting foolishly. While they were eating off fancy china on mahogany tables in marble dining rooms, the masses were roughing it. There seemed to be no limit to greed. If docking wages would increase profits, it was done. If higher railroad rates put more gold in their coffers, it was done. How much was enough, Roosevelt wondered?
Teddy Roosevelt used the Sherman Antitrust Act, which was passed in 1890, to help with his fight against trusts. For twelve years, the Sherman Act was not effective because the United States courts routinely sided with business. For example, in an 1895 ruling, the Supreme Court refused to dissolve the American Sugar Refining Company that controlled 98 percent of the sugar industry, which allowed them to maintain their monopoly.
In fact, the only time the Sherman Act was used was when the court ruled against a trade union that it said was causing a restraint of trade.
Roosevelt decided to go against one of the biggest industrialist of the time, J.P. Morgan. Morgan owned a railroad company known as Northern Securities that controlled the bulk of railroad shipping across the northern United States.
When Morgan and Roosevelt met after the notification of the court case, Morgan decried that he was being treated like a common criminal. Roosevelt stood up to Morgan and declared that no compromise would be found and that the matter could only be settled by the courts. U.S. History.org continues:
This was the core of Theodore Roosevelt's leadership. He boiled everything down to a case of right versus wrong and good versus bad. If a trust controlled an entire industry but provided good service at reasonable rates, it was a "good" trust to be left alone. Only the "bad" trusts that jacked up rates and exploited consumers would come under attack. Who would decide the difference between right and wrong? The occupant of the White House trusted only himself to make this decision in the interests of the people.
On December 2nd, 1902, Teddy Roosevelt declared in his State of the Union address:
"Our aim is not to do away with corporations; on the contrary, these big aggregations are an inevitable development of modern industrialism, and the effort to destroy them would be futile unless accomplished in ways that would work the utmost mischief to the entire body politic. We can do nothing of good in the way of regulating and supervising these corporations until we fix clearly in our minds that we are not attacking the corporations, but endeavoring to do away with any evil in them. We are not hostile to them; we are merely determined that they shall be so handled as to subserve the public good. We draw the line against misconduct, not against wealth."
We have a progressive President in office but it seems no one is remembering our own history today about a time when corporations went unchecked. It is just as pertinent today as it was then. The American dream is for all us and not just those that can purchase the agenda of the country. They want everyone to lose interest in the elections and not vote. Then while the rational people don't vote, they can get radical fringe groups out to the polls by pandering to them in the campaign ads but we, the rational majority, will finally have to stand up and see what is happening.
Eventually, the corruption in elections will get so bad that change will occur again and election reform will happen. The question is how long? Will it be this decade, the next decade or generations? I can only hope and believe that the government of the people, by the people, for the people will remember and believe it is their single vote that matters and not the money that makes a true democracy.
I am very proud of my country but not just because a Democrat won, but because the people stood up to the money being thrown in elections, while also standing up against those that want to buy legislation that doesn't help the people but those that believe they can do it alone without the rest of the country.
They stood up to attempts to affect the vote with the legislation for voter suppression and also voter intimidation, but most of all, they stood up against those that would attempt to only obstruct and control the agenda for their own purposes without attempting to balance them with what the people of the United States would want.
The far right agenda has removed all of the moderate voices and this lack of inclusion has hurt them and will continue until they decide that it is more beneficial to reach out to others with different ideas. They will have to accept that the demographics have changed in the nation and they will have to listen to the minorities from now on. They will have to be more moderate with their ideas if they ever want to accomplish anything in the future, and for that, I am most thankful to each and everyone that decided enough was enough.
This election has been a very divisive time for America, and if the country is to heal, we will have to join together, even if we have different beliefs, because the country and its people are what are important. Not Red versus Blue.
We can aspire to be kinder to each other and more inclusive in this country. From the beginning, America's immigrants have always had a hard time being accepted by the previous immigrants that were already here. Starting with the Scotch-Irish, Germans, French, Jewish, Italians, and so many more that have infused our country with energy and their vibrancy of spirit. We must realize that this is what has always made America great and to never fear this change.
To those that may reject this election decision and choose to continue the fight, I appeal to you to come to a truce so that the country can move forward again and heal. Compromise is still so very important at this time for the country to come together. After this hard fought election, the fatigue is great and there is a desire for everyone to remember what is most important; we are all Americans even though we may have many different cultures, traditions and values.
At the close of the Civil War, President Lincoln, while also trying to heal the nation, reminded America during his second inaugural address, "Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces; but let us judge not that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered; that of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes."
He concluded the speech by asking everyone to try to come together, "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan — to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations."
Let this be a time to achieve a lasting peace among ourselves.
When one sees the elections of today, they think of the rhetoric that is being thrown at both sides. Every election seems to get worse and worse.
If only we could return to the glorious days of our founding fathers like Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. Would it surprise you to know that the rhetoric was just as bad, or worse, back then as well?
The election of 1800 was the first election that had two parties where the winner would control the Presidency and the Vice-Presidency. The Federalists selected John Adams and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and the Democratic-Republicans selected Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
To get the full story, we would first need to begin by looking at the 1796 election when George Washington, a Federalist, declared that he would not run for President again.
In George Washington's Farewell Address as President of the United States, he warned about the danger of parties in the State:
I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to founding them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the baneful effects of the spirit of party, generally.
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes, in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled or repressed; but in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. 1
At this time, under the original Constitution, two parties did choose their candidates, but there was nothing indicating how to handle two parties for the elections.
In this 1796 election, the Federalists ran John Adams and Thomas Pinckney and the Democratic-Republicans ran Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
According to the Miller Center, a nonpartisan institute seeking to expand understanding of the presidency, policy, and political history, and based at the University of Virginia, states:
Each party named two presidential candidates, for under the original Constitution, each member of the electoral college was to cast two ballots for President. The winner of the presidential election was the individual who received the largest number of votes, if it constituted a majority of the votes cast. The person receiving the second largest number of votes, whether or not it was a majority, was to be the vice president. In the event that no candidate received a majority of votes, or that two candidates tied with a majority of votes, the House of Representatives was to decide the election, with each state, regardless of size, having a single vote. 2
After the Electoral College delegates cast their ballots, the Vice President, who was the presiding officer of the Senate, had the job to count them. This just happened to be John Adams.
When the votes were counted, John Adams had 71 votes making him President and Thomas Jefferson had 68 votes giving him the Vice-Presidency. This meant the government would be run by a Federalist as the President and a Democratic-Republican as the Vice-President. 3
Saying that the two parties were not fond of the other's platform for the direction of the country would be a wild understatement. They bitterly opposed each other's ideas.
The Federalist believed in a strong central government that would have the authority to restrain the excesses of popular majorities. They were backed by the commercial sector of the country favored by the electors in the northern states.
The Democratic-Republicans, containing many members of the former Anti Federalists, wanted to reduce the national authority allowing the people to rule more directly through the state governments. They drew their strength from those favoring an agrarian society which was the strongest in the southern states. 4
Alexander Hamilton, a leader in the Federalist Party, once stated, "Men are reasoning rather than reasonable animals." He disagreed with Thomas Jefferson's view that the general public should control government. 5
Thomas Jefferson believed in universal education and universal suffrage for some white men. According to The American Pageant: A History of the American People: To 1877 by David M. Kennedy, Lizabeth Cohen and Thomas A. Bailey:
Above all, Jefferson advocated the rule of the people. But he did not propose thrusting the ballot into the hands of every adult white male. He favored government for the people, but not by all the people – only by those white men who were literate enough to inform themselves and wear the mantle of American citizenship worthily. Universal education would have to precede universal suffrage. The ignorant, he argued, were incapable of self-government. But he had profound faith in the reasonableness and teachableness of the masses and in their collective wisdom when taught. 6
The Democratic-Republican's ideals may sound familiar today with their arguments against Federal authority, taxes, and the call for stronger states rights heard today by the Conservative and Libertarian Parties as they debate for smaller government. This debate has a long history in the United States.
The Election of 1800
By the time the campaigning for the 1800 Election began, many in both parties were angry with John Adams. The Miller Center describes the situation for Adams:
The Federalist Party was deeply split over his foreign policy. Many had opposed his decision to send envoys to Paris in 1799, some because they feared it would result in national humiliation for the United States and others because they hoped to maintain the Quasi-War crisis for partisan ends. Furthermore, early in 1800, Adams fired two members of his cabinet, Timothy Pickering, the secretary of state, and James McHenry, the secretary of war, for their failure to support his foreign policy. Their discharge alienated numerous Federalists. In addition to the fissures within his party, the differences between the Federalists and the Republicans had become white-hot. Jeffersonians were furious over the creation of a standing army, the new taxes, and the Alien and Sedition Acts. 7
The Federalists asked the electors to cast their two votes for John Adams and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, but they did not designate which would be President. The Democratic-Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, but designated Jefferson to be their candidate for President. 8
During this time, the candidates did not actively campaign, choosing to allow their camps to run their campaigns, while they spent most of their time in their respective homes in Massachusetts and Virginia.
As the campaign continued, the Federalist camp painted Jefferson as a godless nonbeliever and a radical revolutionary. They believed if he was elected, he would bring about a reign of terror in the nation. Adams was accused of trying to have his son married off to King George III's daughter and was trying to setup a dynasty. 9
It got worse when John Adams was accused by Jefferson's camp of having a "hideous hermaphroditical character, which has neither the force and firmness of a man, nor the gentleness and sensibility of a woman." This led Adam's camp to call Jefferson, "a mean-spirited, low-lived fellow, the son of a half-breed Indian squaw, sired by a Virginia mulatto father." 10
Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, wrote, "In short, we are now wonderfully popular except with Bache & Co., who in his paper calls the President, old, querulous, bald, blind, cripple, toothless Adams." 11
The campaign was getting particularly brutal with Adams being labeled a fool, a hypocrite, a criminal, and a tyrant. Adams' camp followed suit by calling Jefferson a weakling, an atheist, a libertine, and a coward. Martha Washington, after hearing the attacks on Adams, told a clergyman that Jefferson was "one of the most detestable of mankind." 12
One other event transpired that showed one difference between Jefferson and Adams' campaign styles. Jefferson decided to hire a 'hatchet man' named James Callendar to smear Adams in publications while Adams believed he was above these types of tactics. This proved successful for Jefferson because Callendar's work helped convince many Americans that Adams wanted to attack France. 13
Jefferson and Burr tied for first in the election with 73 votes each becoming the only time in American history that the President and the Vice President tied for first in an election. Unfortunately, for Jefferson, a tie meant the decision would have to be made by the House of Representatives, according to the Constitution, even though they declared in the beginning that he was running for President and Burr was running for Vice-President. In a close vote and with Alexander Hamilton's help, because of his animosity towards Aaron Burr, Jefferson won the vote and became the President of the United States. 14
This election was the first of its kind in the United States because it was the first where an opposition party replaced another in running the government. Even after all of the vitriol that was slung in this election, Jefferson's opponents stepped down peacefully, which is very significant. This two party structure allowed the opposing groups in the government to have a way of transferring power, through elections, without trying to destroy the other side and allowing each to coexist peacefully, and this established a precedent for all of the future elections to follow.
Sources cited:


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During the ceremony at BAFTA in Piccadilly on 2 November, a Special Lifetime Campaign Award of £2,000 was also presented to Eamonn McCann for his 40 years of campaigning journalism on behalf of the victims of Bloody Sunday.
"This has been a terrific year for Foot-style journalism," said Ian Hislop, the editor of Private Eye and one of the judges. "Paul would have been delighted by the longlist, shortlist and winner."
Each of the runners-up on the shortlist received £1,000. These were, in alphabetical order:
Jonathan Calvert and Clare Newell (Sunday Times) on MPs and peers seeking cash for influence ("I'm like a cab for hire" Stephen Byers)
David Cohen (Evening Standard) on the plight of the poor in London, including children's poverty and the continuing existence of paupers' graves in the capital
Nick Davies (Guardian) on phone-hacking conducted by the News of the World when Andy Coulson, now the government's director of communications, was editor
Linda Geddes (New Scientist) on evidence that DNA tests are not always accurately interpreted
Also highly commended from the longlist were Andrew Gilligan (Sunday Telegraph) on the fundamentalist infiltration of Tower Hamlets; Nina Lakhani (Independent on Sunday) on the fate of NHS whistleblowers; Sean O'Neill and David Brown (Times) on the failure of Ealing Abbey to protect children from a known paedophile priest; and Robert Verkaik (Independent) on events at Guantanamo Bay.
The award was set up by Private Eye and the Guardian newspaper in memory of Paul Foot, the campaigning journalist who died in 2004. Chairman of the judges Brian MacArthur, who read all the original entries and selected the longlist for the panel of judges to consider, said: "It is always a cheering experience, giving the lie to any impression that investigative journalism is no longer so important to contemporary editors as it was.
"One pleasure is the unexpected entries: it isn't only the big beasts who impress. There was a creditable entry from Horse and Hound on equine cruelty, for instance, another from John Hoyte's website exposing the threat to airline passengers from aerotoxic fumes. And investigative reporters still flourish on regional evenings and weeklies."
The judges for this year's award were: Heather Brooke, Clare Fermont, Bill Hagerty, Ian Hislop, Brian MacArthur (chair) and Katharine Viner.
No Boots on Ground as Army No Longer Has Functioning Boots
David Caesar Welcome Brutus Johnsonius Back to His Team
Seventeen Ways Mainstream Media Misrepresent BuzzFeed as a List Site
Were Bitter Together Best Jokes from Scotlands Festival of Fun
Fruity A Level Girls Jump 10% Less High on Front Pages than Previous Years
That Denis MacShame Prison Diary in Full.
And also...
- Stat attack: BBCs statistics expert forced to backtrack over Gaza casualty statistics
- SuicideWatch: Editors code torn up as papers report the death of Robin Williams
- Doom & loom: From harmless craze to cancer warnings: how the Mail went potty
For all these stories you can buy the magazine or subscribe here and get delivery direct to your home every fortnight. Next issue on sale: 2nd September 2014.

subset: commoncrawl


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Bingley building society's boost for charities (From Bradford Telegraph and Argus)
Get involved: send your pictures, video, news and views by texting TANEWS to 80360, or email
Bingley building society's boost for charities
7:00am Monday 24th March 2014 in News
Three Airedale charities happily received cash donations from the Bingley Branch of Yorkshire Building Society.
The society's branch, on Main Street, shared £1,000 between the charities after a public vote determined how the jackpot should be split during a fortnight voting period.
St Ives Bingley RDA received £500; Sue Ryder Manorlands Hospice received £300 and Down Syndrome Training and Support Service Ltd received £200.
The cash giveaway was part of the branch's commitment to help local good causes where the society's colleagues and members live and work.
"The charities we chose provide invaluable support in our community so we're absolutely delighted to have been able to give them a cash boost," said branch manager Karen Doran.
"Because every vote helped secure pounds for the charities it felt right that the decision of splitting the money was put in the hands of our members and local residents."
The donation came from Yorkshire Building Society Charitable Foundation, which is funded by the society's innovative Small Change, Big Difference scheme, where members donate just the pennies from the interest they receive.


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Drexel Institute football game programs digitized (1963-64)
In honor of Alumni Weekend at Drexel, we've digitized two seasons of football programs. Sorry, Golden Dragons, we don't have the 1959-60 season (though we'd love to preserve yours if you have programs from that year). So we scanned the closest thing, the 1963 and 1964 seasons.
Drexel Research Day participants: archive your research for fun and profit
Congratulations to all the participants in Drexel Research Day today! Archiving your poster in iDEA (Drexel's E-Repository and Archives) is a great way to improve the visibility of your research and ensure that it is preserved permanently. E-mail your poster (with an abstract please!) to firstname.lastname@example.com, and we will deposit it in iDEA, then send you a permanent URL that you can add to your C.V.


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The Development And Competitiveness Of Estonian Agriculture Prior To Joining The European Union
AbstractThe present working paper aims to evaluate the current state, development and competitiveness of Estonian agriculture, based on the theoretical concept of the competitiveness of an industry. By means of analysis it is possible to predict what potential changes may occur in the agricultural sector after Estonia's EU accession. In outline, the present paper will discuss the concept of the competitiveness of an industry and the complex of factors influencing competitiveness, evaluate the impact of the implementation of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the economies of candidate countries, analyse the factors determining the environment in which the Estonian agricultural production has to compete in the period prior to joining the European Union and assess the impact of foreign trade on the development of Estonian agriculture. Since 1991 the agricultural production has been steadily declining in Estonia. Due to the tendency to ignore the need for an agricultural policy that would consider the realities of global economy, in Estonia this sector has been left without protection. A substantial competitive disadvantage, caused by the Government's economic policy, has brought about a situation in which the local producers lack capital for developing the industry, while foreign capital is not attracted. The agricultural producers, who have to dispense with government support, are unable to simultaneously handle three difficult problems: Transition from large-scale farming to small-scale farming that requires the introduction of modern technology and equipment; Loss of traditional foreign markets (Russia); Unfair competition with governmentally subsidised EU products, not only in foreign markets, but also in the internal market. Only equalisation of the conditions of competition in the European Union and in Estonia's agricultural sector would make it possible to use the great natural potential of Estonia for the benefit of its economic development. Resolving this problem will be the most difficult task facing Estonia's (foreign) economic policy during the negotiations for admission to the EU. A continuing agricultural decline would mean the loss of an opportunity to exploit those natural resources even after joining the EU, because the pre-accession level of production will determine the production quotas.
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Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia) in its series University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series with number 10.
Length: 60 pages
Date of creation: 2002
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:mtk:febawb:10
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This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-AGR-2003-10-20 (Agricultural Economics)
- NEP-ALL-2003-08-17 (All new papers)
- NEP-COM-2003-08-17 (Industrial Competition)
- NEP-EEC-2003-08-17 (European Economics)
- NEP-TRA-2003-08-17 (Transition Economics)
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- Harald Trabold, 1995. "Die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer Volkswirtschaft," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 64(2), pages 169-185.
- Fagerberg, Jan, 1996. "Technology and Competitiveness," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(3), pages 39-51, Autumn.
- Boltho, Andrea, 1996. "The Assessment: International Competitiveness," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, Autumn.
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Equine veterinarians care for your horse. For many equine owners, their horse is a gentle companion. With proper care, including veterinary care, horses can live long lives,
giving their owners many years of joy.
7/14/2014July 2014 Hoosier Veterinarian Newsletter
3/12/2014IVMA 2013 Impact Report Released
8/21/2014 » 12/31/2015
Shining Light on Laser Therapy - 3 Modules of Laser Therapy – Core Curriculum
9/10/2014 » 9/14/2014
International Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care Symposium


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Difference in Ethernet ports?
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Whitney Houston
Whitney Houston To Be Honored At Billboard Awards
Whitney Houston is gone but certainly not forgotten. This Sunday, friends and family will honor the singer's chart-topping legacy at the Billboard Music Awards.
Whitney Houston's Family is Heading To Lifetime
It's been three months since Whitney Houston's tragic passing, but her family is ready to let the world see how they're coping with the singer's death in a new TV show.
Whitney Houston To Be Honored On "VH1 Divas"
After years of lending her voice to VH1 Divas telecast, Whitney Houston will be honored on the 2012 installment of the show, which is set to air live in December.
Bobby Brown On Whitney Houston: "I'm Not The Reason She's Gone"
In his first interview following Whitney Houston's sudden death on February 11, her ex-husband Bobby Brown speaks up about Houston's history with drugs, his reaction to her passing, and his interaction with her just a […]
Whitney Houston's Mother Cissy Writing Tell-All Book
In effort to clear the air and address rumors surrounding the troubled years of the late Whitney Houston, the singer's mother, Cissy, is currently shopping around a tell-all book written from her point of view.
'Glee' Pays Tribute to Whitney Houston
Graduation day is looming and the students of McKinley High are struggling to say goodbye. Luckily, they've got the songs of Whitney Houston to help them through.
Glee Does Disco with "Saturday Night Fever"
Break out those bellbottoms and lace up those platform boots because Tuesday's "Glee's" gonna burn that mother down! Yep, the show's gone disco for an episode dedicated to "Saturday Night Fever." The kids from William […]
Whitney Houston Final Autopsy Report Released
The Los Angeles County Coroner has released the official autopsy report for Whitney Houston.
Whitney Houston Shines In New 'Sparkle' Trailer
TriStar Pictures released the full trailer for Sparkle today (April 2), which co-stars the late Whitney Houston in her final movie role that was to mark her return to the silver screen.
JACK's Inside Track: Whitney Houston
Whitney wasn't born with a silver spoon in her mouth, but one was found in her Beverly Hills hotel room with cocaine residue at the time of her death. A sad end to a tragic […]


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Town Square
Learning from the marketing experts next door
Original post made by Jessica Lipsky on Sep 7, 2012
Edwards went online to Shop Danville First to look for great marketing ideas and will present her findings at the lecture. She will highlight a "Danville Dozen" of retailers, services and restaurants whose marketing merits a closer look.
The informative breakfast will be held from 7:45 9 a.m. on Monday, Sept. 10 at the Veterans Memorial Building (400 Hartz Ave., Danville). Breakfast begins at 7:20 a.m. Register online for free at ttp://2012danvillemarketingworkshop.eventbrite.com.
If you were a member and logged in you could track comments from this story.
Understanding Early Decision in College Admissions
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By Tim Hunt | 29 comments | 1,354 views
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By Gina Channell-Allen | 1 comment | 938 views
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By Roz Rogoff | 2 comments | 755 views
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Products & ServicesSee also: Categories | Featured Products | Technical Articles | More Information
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Medical Device Link .
of drugs in contact with elastomers and polymers. With correct material plasma pretreatment, good stability and adhesion are maintained, which makes this type of surface modification treatment suitable for a range of medical device applications in addition to drug delivery. For example, linear low-density
Choosing the Proper Equipment for Pharmaceutical Stabililty Room Humidity and Temperature Mapping
of shelf life. Humidity,. temperature, light and other conditions can cause drugs to degrade or lose their efficacy. before reaching the consumer. Stability testing is usually performed in some type of. environmental chamber which allows for changing conditions of humidity and. temperature
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Medical Device Link . Effect of formulation on lyophilization, part 2
temperature and chamber pressure for conducting primary drying during lyophilization. Such information concerns the freezing characteristics of the water constituent and the degree of crystallization, collapse temperature, and any phase change in the interstitial region of the matrix. Several analytical
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. An earlier version of this study was presented at the 17th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, held in San Antonio, TX, February 6 8, 1998. REFERENCES 1. Koenigbauer MJ, Brooks SH, Rullo G, et al., "Solid-State Stability Testing of Drugs by Isothermal Microcalorimetry," Pharma Res, 9:939 944
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Complexation of capsaicin with β-cyclodextrins to improve pesticide formulations: effect on aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, stability and soil adsorption
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Comparison of Spray Freeze Drying and the Solvent Evaporation Method for Preparing Solid Dispersions of Baicalein with Pluronic F68 to Improve Dissolution and ...
The samples (∼200 mg), packed in glass vials with silica gel desiccant, were stored in a drug stability test chamber at 40°C and analyzed initially and after 1 to 6 months for baicalein content and dissolution by HPLC analysis.
Essential Elements for a GMP Analytical Chemistry Department
1.1 Purpose of the stability studies 1.2 Description of material (Drug Substance/ Drug Product) 1.3 Equipment ( Stability Chambers , Stability Data System, etc.) 1.4 Proposed Shelf Life 1.5 Guidelines followed 1.6 Stability Study Protocols 1.7 Statistical...
Influence of Formulation and Processing Factors on Stability of Levothyroxine Sodium Pentahydrate
The drug substance was placed in stability chamber under various conditions as described in the "MATERIALS AND METHODS�? section.
Generic Development of Topical Dermatologic Products: Formulation Development, Process Development, and Testing of Topical Dermatologic Products
Additionally, the firm should be aware of the issue of physical orientation of stability samples in stability chambers , especially for a drug product with low viscosity.
Quick dissolving films of nebivolol hydrochloride: formulation and optimization by a simplex lattice design
The film of optimized batch was packed in the aluminium foil and stored in a stability chamber under accelerated ICH condition 25 ± 2 °C/60 % RH ± 5 % RH ( drug product intended for storage in a refrigerator) for a period...
Cardiac rehabilitation in patients
with implantable defibrillators
Using addi- tional detection criteria (onset, stability , dual- cham- ber algorithms) and optimized drug therapy, the number of inappropriate therapies may be reduced from 10% to 25% to less than 5% (15–17).


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Latest News
Road Closure - Heworth Road - 4th August until 1st September 2014
Heworth Road will be closed from Monday 4th August until Monday 1st September 2014 to allow for gas main works.
Boots Suncare Advisors board Yorkshire Coastliner to help people enjoy the sun safely
Last weekend some of our Coastliner services played host to Boots sun care advisors. Some of our lucky travellers were treated to personalized advice and information on how best to stay safe and healthy when out enjoying the sun as they travelled to the coast this weekend.
Changes to Route 20 times on Schooldays
Following discussions with City of York Council who subsidise Route 20, the extra schoolday-only journeys are no longer considered to be required.
Prices in Leeds set to get smaller with our new Leeds 7 weekly ticket!
We're giving bus users in the Leeds area more reasons to be Happy!
Smart thinking - unibus app
Smart thinking…
…download the free unibus smartphone app now


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These are all the Children's Chat posted on Friday, 7 June, 2013.
Music for the Small and Tall - June 13, 11:00 a.m.
Ewa Wilczynski presents "Music for the Small and Tall," a fun music program for children ages 18 months to 4 years old (and their parents), with activities including simple songs and musical stories with rhythm and movement. Kids will learn how to play percussion instruments that are colorful, kid-friendly and safe. Pre-registration is required. Register online, by phone (435-716-9123) or at the children's desk.
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Posted By Logan Library - Children's Chat at 9:42 AM in Category:Events
The Latest News!
Aug 25, 2014
» Summer Reading Program Ends Aug 11, 2014
» Turn in your Reading Cards! Aug 1, 2014
» One million minutes!


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In Focus: Sean Rossiter on Point Reyes/
Sean Rossiter is a student at Woodside High School. A visual poem set in the beautiful landscape of Point Reyes, his atmospheric short celebrates a quiet moment in nature. Read more about the process behind his film, which screened in the Shorts 7 program at SFIFF57.Read More


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TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. (AP) — A Michigan man was one of three airmen killed when a vehicle they were riding in was struck by an explosive device in Afghanistan.
The Department of Defense confirmed Saturday that 34-year-old Tech. Sgt. Matthew Schwartz of Traverse City died Thursday in Shir Ghazi in Helmand Province.
Schwartz had been assigned to the 90th Civil Engineer Squadron at F.E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming.
Senior Airman Bryan Bell of Pennsylvania and Airman 1st Class Matthew Seidler of Maryland also were killed.
The 23-year-old Bell was assigned to the 2nd Civil Engineer Squadron at Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana. The 24-year-old Seidler was assigned to the 21st Civil Engineer Squadron at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado.
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Mansfield Park Quotes
A fondness for reading, properly directed, must be an education in itself.
An engaged woman is always more agreeable than a disengaged. She is satisfied with herself. Her cares are over, and she may exert all her powers of pleasing without suspicion. All is safe with a lady engaged; no harm can be done.
A watch is always too fast or too slow. I cannot be dictated to by a watch.
Children of the same family, the same blood, with the same first associations and habits, have some means of enjoyment in their power, which no subsequent connections can supply; and it must be by a long and unnatural estrangement, by a divorce which no subsequent connection can justify, if such precious remains of the earliest attachments are ever entirely outlived.
Everybody likes to go their own way - to choose their own time and manner of devotion.
Every moment has its pleasures and its hope.
He had suffered, and he had learnt to think, two advantages that he had never known before.
Human nature needs more lessons than a weekly sermon can convey.
I am very strong. Nothing ever fatigues me, but doing what I do not like.
I do not pretend to set people right, but I do see that they are often wrong.
If any one faculty of our nature may be called more wonderful than the rest, I do think it is memory. There seems something more speakingly incomprehensible in the powers, the failures, the inequalities of memory, than in any other of our intelligences. The memory is sometimes so retentive, so serviceable, so obedient; at others, so bewildered and so weak; and at others again, so tyrannic, so beyond control! We are, to be sure, a miracle every way; but our powers of recollecting and of forgetting do seem peculiarly past finding out.
I pay very little regard to what any young person says on the subject of marriage. If they profess a disinclination for it, I only set it down that they have not yet seen the right person.
Is there not something wanted in our language - a something between compliments and - and love - to suit the sort of friendly acquaintance we have had together?
It raises my spleen more than any thing, to have the pretence of being asked, of being given a choice, and at the same time addressed in such a way as to oblige one to do the very thing - whatever it be!
I was so anxious to do what is right that I forgot to do what is right.
Let us have the luxury of silence.
Life seems nothing more than a quick succession of busy nothings.
None but a woman can teach the science of herself.
She was feeling, thinking, trembling about everything; agitated, happy, miserable, infinitely obliged, absolutely angry.
The enthusiasm of a woman's love is even beyond the biographer's.


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A collection of news and information related to California State University, Fullerton published by this site and its partners.
Top California State University, Fullerton Articles
Displaying items 12-22
NHHS Hall of Fame biosStory | May 21, 2014 | 8:27 PMAlumni •Albert Irwin, Class of 1937, was Harbor's first four-year, five-sport letterman, and served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He taught and coached at Harbor for eight years, and went on to coach football and swimming at Orange Coast...
Newport Harbor announces first Hall of Fame class
F.V. superintendent announces his retirementStory | May 19, 2014 | 3:54 PMFountain Valley School District Supt. Marc Ecker announced late Thursday that he is retiring at the end of 2014. Ecker, 64, made his announcement during the district's board meeting. He will have served for 18 1/2 years when he steps down on New Year's...
NCAA reports overall improvement in athletes' academic performance
Seniors chosen for character awards
Huntington Beach High schoolers declare colleges of choice in ceremony
Friends, family say goodbye to bus crash victim Adrian Castro
At Cal St. Fullerton and Long Beach, tennis, studying go hand-in-hand
Faulkner: Emerson aims to move players
Cal State Dominguez Hills professors petition to block 'success fee'
Harsh immigration realities set in for many 'dreamers'


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The wait is over! Download the BeerAdvocate app on iTunes or Google Play now.
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Compunction - Russian River Brewing Company
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Ratings: 210 | Reviews: 78 | Display Reviews Only:
5/5 rDev +12.6%
07-13-2014 23:17:33 | More by RyanHophead
5/5 rDev +12.6%
11-19-2011 00:43:46 | More by Gilmango
5/5 rDev +12.6%
11-15-2011 17:13:35 | More by MrFootstones
5/5 rDev +12.6%
11-16-2011 08:51:08 | More by RichBeer
5/5 rDev +12.6%
11-15-2011 08:55:14 | More by ithinkimasofa
5/5 rDev +12.6%
12-14-2012 15:32:25 | More by tswater
5/5 rDev +12.6%
12-25-2011 04:16:41 | More by furthurgone
5/5 rDev +12.6%
08-21-2014 05:27:51 | More by Markopolus
5/5 rDev +12.6%
03-01-2012 10:15:09 | More by bthomas
5/5 rDev +12.6%
12-14-2011 15:44:03 | More by MexicanSkittel
5/5 rDev +12.6%
01-28-2012 19:34:13 | More by tbeq00
5/5 rDev +12.6%
01-08-2012 09:09:29 | More by kevfujii
5/5 rDev +12.6%
12-27-2011 07:19:16 | More by SpillyBeers
5/5 rDev +12.6%
05-09-2013 07:00:55 | More by Paramecium
4.97/5 rDev +11.9%
Thanks to Matt for bringing the growler to Beachwood for Gabe's birthday. Full pours for everyone!
Poured a brilliant pale yellow with a small foamy white head. Many bubbles throughout the glass.
The aroma was of some brett funk, but a ton of that great lambic acidity and some nice acetic notes. Not really any fruit in the aroma, but damn, it reminded me of 99 Bellevue Selection Lambic. Very fresh aroma.
The flavor was intensely tart and acidic. It had a promient acetic note, much like the Bellevue and Rodenbach that was amazing. The maltiness was light, but full enough to round things out and create a very balanced profile. Some biscuit and wheat. A little grapefruit citrus quality as well. I didn't really get much fruit in this beer, but the other flavors were so intense and well-developed that it didn't matter.
The body was light as was the mouthfeel, but in no way were they thin. The carbonation was bright and lively.
An outstanding sour beer that very well may be the best I've had from Vinnie on this end. Hell, it may be the best American sour I've ever had. What a magnificent creation.
04-10-2008 14:10:42 | More by SacoDeToro
New Jersey
4.97/5 rDev +11.9%
Notes from Monk's Cafe Stuff-If-Ication dinner 7 June 2011
The course title: COMPUNCTION STUFFED COMPUNCTION
Huh? What is that?
Answer: Compunction Sorbet Float
we received a flute filled with a melon-baller size scoop of compunction sorbet over this AMAZING beer.
light gold in color. no head. champagne in comparison: the flute vessel, beaded carbonation, light coloration.
smelled of white grape, pear, tart cherry, grapefruit, tangerine, lime. very sharp aroma.
holy S. to be less specific, it tasted like someone went half and half with temptation and supplication. EXCELLENT. sour as hell with a lot of grapefruit, cherry, pear, peach, and pinot grigo flavors. really smooth though--of course it's smooth, what have i learned thus far? the sorbet, however, was very subtly fruity with a bit of yeast at the back end. creamy for a sorbet, too.
thinner than the other sours supplication and temptation and definitely more thin bodied. it's resembles a sparkling white wine more closely than any beer in texture and consistency i've had to date.
wow. i mean really killer. this was only a single 4oz flute pour; by far the smallest pour of the evening. i'd defenestrate to have some more of this.
11-02-2011 15:04:38 | More by patm1986
4.93/5 rDev +11%
Big thanks to AgentSteve for trading me a growler of this expensive beer!
Opened this one inside the Lost Abbey during the Port 2nd Anniversary Party. From my notes.
Wow, oh wow!
Poured a golden color, very similar to an ipa. Very good retention.
The aroma was amazing. Malty, tart, fruity, well balanced. There was some sea salt, pear, citrus fruits, vinegar and funk. There were fruits like pears, apricots, and grapes.
The taste was very similar and also included some dry white grapes or white grape skins, vinegar and a mix of berries. Very tart but not overly sour. It had a nice dry finish that kept you asking for more. This was too easy to drink.
One of the best sour beers I have ever had.
05-04-2008 03:29:58 | More by seaoflament
4.88/5 rDev +9.9%
Had this beer at Stone's Bistro and Gardens. I wont waste any time and just say I LOVE THIS BEER. Poured golden yellow with a white head that quickly dissipated into a nice lace. The nose was fairly sour, and drew me in. For being as sour as it was, I found compunction to be very drinkable. I would love to drink this beer again.
08-30-2007 05:42:25 | More by BrewBakerE
4.88/5 rDev +9.9%
On-tap at toronado in a wine glass. notes from the "tion" night last year. I figured I'd finally get around to filling in some of the 10,000 review from notes that I ahve yet to enter into the beeradvocate system. Anyways. This one is a great hazed peach flesh colour with a small off-white cap of foam that actually sticks to the glass pretty well and provides with some visual legs and lacing. Aroma is straight pluot and barnyard funk with a lot of complexity, vinegar, eacetic acid, and wild brett notes. Taste is similar with a very acidic backbone and fruity and very flavorful funkafied front palette. Mouthfeel is very refined and sharp and the drinkability is awesome, but this one is a heartburn burner for sure!
03-21-2008 19:09:40 | More by francisweizen
4.85/5 rDev +9.2%
Two tasters at the Second Stone Sour Fest to start off the day, wish I had more of this one now, worth every word of hype for me, best sour from Russian River or really anybody else for that matter with the exception of their Toronado and Bottleworks collaborations probably,
A-Golden yellow with a very slight orange look, 3/4 inch thin and very bubly head, incredible retention, some lacing
S-Vinegar, malt, funkiness, apricots, various citrus aromas, salt, pears, plums, brettanomyces, grapes, complex and fantastic, smell was best part of this brew
T-Very tart, full of berries, super dry finish, never too sour like I had heard but perfect instead in that sense, great balance of fruits, gets even better as it warms, deep sweet flavors
M-Carbonation is very aggressive, very acidic and tart mouthfeel, thin to medium body, taste lasted a long time and you never wanted it to go away
D-Would have gotten a perfect all around if it was not for the fact that the acidity could really take its toll after a while, low ABV though, refreshing, not a sipper but should be attacked that way for your stomach's sake
Been wanting to try this since trying my first RR brew a couple years ago, thought this would be two taster tickets at the fest for sure and luckily it was not, cannot believe this stuff is usually fifty dollars for a growler, it is still worth it for that in my opinion, too bad this is not bottled or available year round, exceeded my expectations, cannot wait to drink again and might a trip up to Santa Rosa that year for that reason alone, truly something special, cannot recommend this one enough
07-23-2008 05:54:03 | More by Floydster
4.83/5 rDev +8.8%
Oh, my, goodness... If Vinnie doesn't add this as a regular bottled sour, I will forever miss the day I had Compunction on tap.
Pours a hazy golden color. I can smell the tart citrusy smell before the bartender even sets it down. I'm not sure if that's making the beer look greenish or if this beer has a slight lemon-limy tinge to it. Anyways, it looks pretty.
This has, by far, my favorite aroma of any of the RR sours I've had so far. Lemon and grapefruit and some other weird citrusy fruits are exploding in my nose. I am so ridiculously amped to taste this that I have to literally take a few breaths and calm myself before I can have a sip.
Hallelujah! This monster tastes like someone melted a lemon and a grapefruit warhead and threw them in my face. It's delicious. I have found my new favorite sour, sorry Supplication.
02-06-2011 13:14:50 | More by Estocker
4.78/5 rDev +7.7%
This is brewed with pluots.
This pours a clear golden straw with tight white bubbles and tight lacing.
Overwhelmingly sour and tart aroma hits you upfront, almost immediately—as I approached the glass to nose it the aroma caught me off guard. Strong and to the point, I like it!
Like a pluot? Maybe if said pluot was squeezed and some of the spray caught you in your eyes?
The flavor is sharp, intensely tart, it has a mouthpuckering sourness upfront and just rolls off the tongue.
Shippable, fantastic, dry finish.
So good I I made my sour drinking friend jealous. Best part—at the end, as it warmed, I caught some toasted coconut. Yet another amazing brew from Russian River.
08-06-2012 07:36:49 | More by elNopalero
4.75/5 rDev +7%
08-04-2012 17:23:25 | More by ipa247
4.75/5 rDev +7%
08-17-2014 00:10:46 | More by ElectricSalmon
4.75/5 rDev +7%
02-13-2013 19:44:12 | More by emilylee
Compunction from Russian River Brewing Company
98 out of 100 based on 210 ratings.


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I do not have a strong opinion but an opinion. I live at 66 degrees north and the indigenous peoples (including my wife) have a darker skin than Europeans of the same latitude. Folic acid supplements are routine for pregnancies this far north due to lack of vitamin D3 absorption due to the darker skin. The lighter Europeans have less of this problem locally.
My understanding is the migration paths from Africa led to intermingling with different groups of Neanderthals. The Neanderthals existed as an evolving species for over six times the span modern human have existed. 350,000 plus years versus 50,000. The skin color of the migrating people depended on which subgroup of Neanderthals they bred with.
The the late coming humans bypassed all the evolution accomplished by the established humans already evolved for the climate.
DNA shows the four percent Neanderthal derived genes mostly have to do with skin color. Carbohydrate processing is also prominent.
This seems reasonable or else why would all non African humans still have such a high percentage of identifiable Neanderthal DNA.
I am waiting for more information on the exact relationship but so far this satisfies me as a logical line of inquiry.


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On Location of Afsar Bitiya
Added on 2/17/2012
By : tellybuzz
Overall Rating :
Rate Me... Rating Saved!
View : 17892 Comments : 29 Video Courtesy : www.india-forums.com
|Total Votes : 18
|Rukayya, kinshukangel, Kinshuk_lover, BhavyaRedy, JasluvsKinshuk, -SuMee-, Parm., Jasleen, Ragvir_Prishna, shaazi, wadi..doll, sandiab, Chandani_C, -SilverDragon-, Prishna_DBPS, -abhi-pundir-
kinshuk love u love u.u are best and rocking actor
Kinshuk Just love U very much you are really too good
Edited on:15 April 2012 at 1:28pm
Simply Mind Blowing KInshuk Looking very handsome
Love YOu Love U LOVE U LOVE U
Very nice and sweet Looking Great
You are soo sweet Kinshuk really Love U
U r best my sweetheart .I love u kinshuk
you are the best kinshuk...love you always
Thanks for the Video Love you Kinshuk as Pinto Singh and Love Prishna : )
Love you in Afsar Bitiya Kinshuk you rock. I miss CCBM and Bidaai. You rock as DBPS.
Pintu and Krishna married in Afsar Bitiya?
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Screening of 1st Episode of Afsar Bitiya
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Afsar Bitiya - Promo 01
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On the sets of Afsar Bitiya
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Afsar Bitiya - Promo 03
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Have you looked at GLPI - Gestionnaire libre de parc informatique ?
Hi all, I've spent soo long looking for some software to fit my spec as close as possible for this. What I'm after is a web-based asset management, or more importantly asset tracking system (pref in php/MySQL). I have been currently using the Hardware Management System from MST Software which has been fine for me to use, but now I'm having problems using it on Vista/Server 2008 plus i prefer web based apps as I tend to forget the laptop!!
My biggest difference to most of the threads on here is that i don't want it to discover anything, just a manual entry. the reason for this is we have several bases/units on seperate sites but I manage all the kit and it's on 'my' stockbook.
I like the look of IRM but there seems to have been no movement with the project for a few years, the guy has posted on edugeek a few times.. (budgester?)..
I've just come across one on sourceforge here
I'm using One or Zero for the helpdesk so that aspect isn't needed as such, but if I can get one that does both then thats great!
Has anyone another one I've missed, or any experiance of these?
briefly, I've downloaded it but it looked a bit "too much" if you know what i mean, I'll have another look at it and see whats what!
+1 for GLPI. We've recently moved to this and once over the initial learning curve its very good.
Have to agree here. GLPI combined with OCS Inventory NG (OCS Inventory NG - Welcome to OCS Inventory NG web site !) makes asset management easy.
OCS audits your hardware. GLPI can then plug into your OCS repository. PM me if you would like more info
Last edited by tosh74; 15th October 2008 at 09:58 AM. Reason: bad speeling
I know exactly what the TS is saying,
It sounds as if he wants a straightforward fixed asset solution, web based front end that updates a central database so that he doesn't have to worry about syncing handheld devices and other issues with keeping data consistent.
And with such a system you want to be able to modify the tables and fields in a straightforward manner.
He doesn't want auto-discovery of IT assets as that adds more complexity to the app that he doesn't require, now if GLPI and OCS can do the fixed assets while avoiding having to setup other features and is straightforward to setup then that would be a good recommendation - but x number of features and capapbilities normally means complexity you don't need......and perhaps it would be an idea to recommend a purely fixed asset system aswell as a complete enteprise asset management system like GLCI/OCS.
The only system i've seen that does the job of fixed asset tracking well is unfortunately a propreitory solution, and it can get quite expensive. I've been looking for some time for a cheap or open source solution for fixed asset management, that is client-server and web based front-end but i haven't really found anything good enough. GLCI/OCS look great for EAM but as someone has said i think there is going to be a learning curve to get over with such a full featured product.
Last edited by torledo; 15th October 2008 at 10:58 AM.
You can do fixed manual asset tracking with GLPI, you just don't bother setting it up to use OCS and then you can add/edit stuff to your hearts content manually.
After taking a look at GLPI again I think it's a go, just need to set it up on a test server and see what I can cut out of the interface that I don't need.
I need to work out a way to make it look better as well! I assume you can change them in a cp somewhere!
I'll update thi when I get somewhere with some feedback, thanks for your replies!
How does GLPI work with pocket pc's as barcode scanners.....i..e is there a windows mobile front end for updating from handhelds.
how do you get glpi to read barcodes
can you use a barcode scanner with this software?
Most pc connected barcode scanners can be set to just dump the barcode they have just read as text into whatever application you have open at the time.
So if it's a webbased system then you go to the serial number field and scan the item?
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