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The Woodstock Public Library is located in Woodstock Illinois. The library serves two population areas: the residents of the City of Woodstock and the residents of School District 200 who live outside of the Woodstock city boundaries.
Americans with Disabilities Act
All areas of the Woodstock Public Library are wheelchair accessible.
The library has assistive equipment available to the public while in the library. This equipment includes:
In addition, the library meeting rooms are equipped with a sound system and assistive hearing devices. Anyone who requires an auxiliary aid or service for effective communication, or a modification of policies or procedures to participate in a program, service, or activity at the Woodstock Public Library should use the Contact Us form, email or call the library as soon as possible but no later than 48 hours before the scheduled event.
No Bids Pending.
Mon-Thu 9:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m.
Friday 9:00 a.m.- 6:00 p.m.
Saturday 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
*Sundays 1:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. Closed on Sundays during the summer.
*Please check the Calendar listing for holiday and staff training closing days.
414 W. Judd St
Woodstock Illinois 60098
Telephone: 815-338-0542 Fax: 815-334-2296 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The library has two book return facilities that can be used at anytime:
1) On the library building to the left of the main doors.
2) At the Wonder Lake State Bank, at 3316 Thompson Road, Wonder Lake. This book return is checked regularly and materials returned to the library.
Library Positions: Anyone interested in a position with the Library is invited to fill out an interest card at the City of Woodstock Human Resources Department .
We're unique! We have two library boards. The City of Woodstock Public Library Board has nine trustees appointed by the mayor while the Rural Woodstock Public Library District Board has seven elected trustees. The City of Woodstock board meets the first Thursday of each month at 7:30 p.m.. The Rural Woodstock Public Library board meets the first Wednesday of each month at 7:00 p.m.
All meetings of the Library Board are open to the public. In compliance with the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), they are fully accessible, and if any further accommodations are needed, please contact the Library Director 48 hours prior to the meeting.
|2014 City Library Board Meeting Calendar.pdf
|2014 RWPLD Meeting Calendar.pdf
Woodstock Public Library Board Members
Term expires:
Mary Ann Lenzen, President
Paul Lockwood, Vice President
Lori Nerland, Secretary
Leslie Schubert
Tara Muilkens
Robert Laurie
Betty Hopp
Daniel Lemanski, Treasurer
Gayle Hoch
All city board members reside within the city limits of Woodstock, 60098.
Woodstock Public Library
414 W. Judd St.
Woodstock, IL 60098
The Woodstock Public Library Board of Trustees will meet Thursday, August 7, 2014
at 7:30 p.m. in the Board Room of the library.
• Discussion and Vote on the Closed Minutes from June 5, 2014 as presented or
• Discussion and Vote on the Regular Minutes from July 10, 2014 as presented or corrected
• Discussion and Vote on the July 2014 Building Fund expenditures
• Discussion and Vote on the July 2014 General Public Library Fund expenditures
• Update on Roof Repairs and Maintenance
• Update: Signage
• Discussion and Vote on Logo Contest Rules
• Discussion and Vote on Naming Rights and Bequests.
• Update on Eliminate the Digital Divide Grant
• Update on EDGE/ Per Capita
• Discussion and Review Chapter 7 Illinois Standards for Libraries
• PR/Marketing Committee Report
• Art Committee / Gallery Report
All meetings of the Library Board are open to the public. In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), they are fully accessible, and if any further accommodations are needed, please contact the Library Director 48 hours prior to the meeting.
Minutes of the Library Board of Trustees are posted here after they are approved. They remain posted for the calendar year.
|January Minutes 2012.pdf
|Finance Committee January 2012 Rescheduled Notice.docx_.pdf
|Finance Committee Minutes 2012.pdf
|Planning Committee Minutes.pdf
|February Minutes 2012.pdf
|March Minutes 2012.pdf
|April 2012 Reschedule Notice.pdf
|April Minutes 2012.pdf
|May Minutes 2012.pdf
|June Minutes 2012.pdf
|July Special Meeting Notice 2012.pdf
|July Special Meeting Minutes 2012.pdf
|August Minutes 2012.pdf
|August Special Meeting Notice 1 2012.pdf
|August 9 Special Meeting Minutes.pdf
|August Special Meeting Notice 2 2012.pdf
|August 23 Special Meeting Minutes.pdf
|September Board Minutes 2012.pdf
|October Board Minutes 2012.pdf
|November Board Minutes 2012.pdf
|November 16 2012 Special Meeting Minutes.pdf
|November 17 2012 Special Meeting Minutes.pdf
|December Minutes 2012.pdf
|January Minutes 2013.pdf
|January Finance Committee Minutes 2013.pdf
|February Minutes 2013.pdf
|March Minutes 2013.pdf
|April Minutes 2013.pdf
|May 2013 Cancel Notice.pdf
|May 2013 Reschedule Notice.pdf
|May Minutes 2013.pdf
|June Minutes 2013.pdf
|July Minutes 2013.pdf
|August Minutes 2013.pdf
|September Minutes 2013.pdf
|October Minutes 2013.pdf
|November Minutes 2013.pdf
|December Minutes 2013.pdf
|January Minutes 2014.pdf
|January Finance Committee Minutes 2014.pdf
|February Minutes 2014.pdf
|March Minutes 2014.pdf
|April Minutes 2014.pdf
|April Special Joint Meeting Minutes 2014.pdf
|May Minutes 2014.pdf
|June Minutes 2014.pdf
|July Minutes 2014.pdf
Term expires:
Barbara Pfannkuche, President
Jan Vanderspool, Vice President
Patricia Schuler, Secretary
Diane Range Magnuson, Treasurer
Stacy Iwanicki
Diane Evans
Kathleen Hahn
Rural Woodstock Public Library District: http://www.ruralwoodstocklibrary.com
Rural Woodstock Public Library District
414 W. Judd St.
Woodstock IL 60098
Fax 815-334-2296
July 24, 2014
RE: RWPLD August 2013 Board Meeting
FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: NICHOLAS WEBER, 815-338-0542 x14115
The regular August 6th, 2014 meeting of the Rural Woodstock Public Library District Board of Trustees has been cancelled. The next regular meeting will take place on Wednesday, September 3rd, 2014 at 7 p.m. in the Board Room of the library, 414 W. Judd Street, Woodstock.
All meetings of the Library Board are open to the public. In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), they are fully accessible, and if any further accommodations are needed, please contact the Library Director 48 hours prior to the meeting.
Minutes are posted after they have been approved by the Board. They remain posted for the calendar year.
For more information about the Rural Woodstock Library District (will open in new window)
|June Meeting 2012 Cancelled.pdf
|July Meeting 2012 Rescheduled Notice.pdf
|July Meeting 2012.pdf
|August Meeting 2012 Cancelled.pdf
|September Minutes 2012.pdf
|October Meeting 2012.pdf
|November Minutes 2012.pdf
|December 2012 Meeting Cancelled Notice.pdf
|January Minutes 2013.pdf
|February Meeting 2013 Cancelled.pdf
|March Minutes 2013.pdf
|April Meeting 2013 Cancelled.pdf
|May Minutes 2013.pdf
|June Minutes 2013.pdf
|July Minutes 2013.pdf
|August Meeting 2013 Cancelled.pdf
|September Minutes 2013.pdf
|October Minutes 2013.pdf
|November Minutes 2013.pdf
|December Meeting 2013 Cancelled.pdf
|January Minutes 2014.pdf
|February Meeting 2014 Cancelled.pdf
The Library Calendar has complete library closing information. Holidays that the library is closed for include:
The library is also closed periodically for staff service workshops. These dates/times will be announced posted in the library and on our website when they occur.
Snow Closings
The library makes every effort to stay open on snowy days, even when District 200 has declared a snow day. However, if the weather and road conditions are deemed unsafe, the library may close early, or open late. These closings will be posted on the front page of this library's website.
Power Outages
If the library loses power to the building for a sustained period of time the library building will need to be closed for safety reasons unitl power is restored.
Library Building Design Information
Opened in 1891, the library was originally located in the Woodstock Opera House. The library moved to its Judd Street location in 1959. The 4000 sq ft building was designed by local architect William Fyfe, a former student of Frank Lloyd Wright. The brick pillars throughout the reference area are from the 1959 building.
The library underwent two more expansions in 1966 (Fyfe, architect) and in 1987. The 1987 expansion by the architectural firm of O'Donnell Wicklund Pigozzi of Deerfield increased the library size to nearly 23,000 sq. ft. and added upper and lower levels to the building. Originally the Children's Room and a meeting room were located in the lower level and the adult nonfiction and reference collections were on the upper level. The entrance to the building was moved to the west side, from the parking lot, instead of the original front door location on Judd Street with a back entrance from the north side driveway.
The 2001 expansion of the library by Frye Gillan Molinaro Architects of Chicago retained the upper and lower levels of the 1987 building and the brick pillars from the 1959 building. The 43,000 sq. ft. revision of the library moved the Children's Room to the main floor of the library, and provides a variety of meeting spaces from study rooms to meeting rooms.
The antique oak tables located in the Margaret Marchi Reading Room are from the library's first days in the Woodstock Opera House in the 1890s. The slanted table and benches in the Children's Room and several adult fiction display stands are from the 1959 and 1966 renovations. Much of the upper level furniture is from the 1987 addition. The two large portable display cases are new, created for the library by John Scharres, Managing Director of the Woodstock Opera House.
March 23, 2011 marked the 120th Anniversary of the official opening of the Woodstock Public Library.
The original library was located in the Woodstock Opera House (then called City Hall). In 1891, the city's population was 1,893 and library had just over a 1,000 books on its shelves. The foundation of the library's early book collection was donated to the City of Woodstock by the two private subscription library organizations: the Woodstock Literary & Library Association and the Young Men's Literary Society.
Some notable dates and statistics in the Woodstock Public Library's history:
1931 - 37,671 books checked out. City population 5,471
1971 - 96,756 books checked out. Collection size is 31,501 City population 10,266
2010 - 329,404 items checked out. Collection size is 127,401 items. City population 24,970
March 23 1891 - Woodstock Public Library, located in two rooms in the Woodstock City Hall (now called Woodstock Opera House), is formally opened with a ceremony.
1959 - Library moves to its own building on Judd Street. The building was designed by local architect William Fyfe, a former student of Frank Lloyd Wright. At 4,500 square feet and a cost of $60,000 the new library featured air conditioning and a children's area. The brick pillars in the current building's Reference Area are from this original 1959 building.
1965 - Library became a charter member of the Northern Illinois Library System
1966 - A library addition doubles the size of the building to over 8,000 square feet. William Fyfe designed the addition. Woodstock population is 9,910
1977 - Rural Woodstock Public Library District formed after a successful referendum in. It encompasses the area in Community School District 200 which is outside the city limits of Woodstock.
1983 - Friends of Woodstock Public Library founded to support and provide fundraising for the library.
1985 – Library offers Sunday hours for the first time.
1987 - Library addition expanded the library to 23,000 sq ft. This addition created the upper and lower levels that still exist today. The Children's Room and Story-time Room was located on the lower level, along with a meeting room. The upper level housed the Adult Non Fiction & Reference Collections.
Building addition designed by OWP (O'donnell Wicklund Pigozzi, Inc)
1987 - Computers used for the first time check out materials to patrons.
1990 - Computer Catalog available for the first time to allow customers to locate materials.
1994 – Card Catalog is officially "closed", library staff is no long typing up card catalog cards for each item added to the collection.
1996 - Internet available to the public for the first time on two computers. Two word processors also available.
March 2000 - Successful tax referendum to expand library to 43,000 sq ft. The architectural firm of Frye, Gillan and Molinaro plans the library expansion.
April 2000 – Library collection and all contents are temporarily moved to 222 Church St (formerly Diamond Exteriors and now the Challenger Discovery Center) to facilitate expansion.
June 2001 - Library moves back to renovated library building. The expanded building offers over 20 internet stations, study rooms, two meeting rooms, self-checkout system and a greatly expanded Children's Room.
2005 - eBooks and audiobooks available for download by library patrons.
2008 - New website released.
2010 - Self Service Holds and new self check out system provided.
2013 - Overdue fines increased (25 cents DVDs/Videogames 20 cents all other materials)
2013 - Videogames added to collection
2013 - Magazines & Newspapers moved to main floor
2014 - YA Area moved upstairs. Local History moved to main floor. New Books and A/V moved to former YA area
Library Directors
Erastus Richards 1891-1891
Marion B. Rogers 1891-1892
Mrs. C.M. Curtis (nee Winifred Hall)1892-1911
Lura Wandrack 1911 to 1948
Edna Wienke 1948 to 1959
Dorothy Frederick 1959
Edith Knilans 1959 to 1962
Margaret Marchi 1962 to 1981
Margaret Field Crane 1981 to 2009
Mary Petro 2009 to 2012
Nicholas Weber 2013 to present
Additional photographs of the contemporary and historic library are available on the the library's Flickr photostream:
Library policies to be aware of while using the library.
See the attached PDF for the Library's Meeting Room Policy. Additional information can be found in the "How Do I...Use the Meeting Rooms" section
Please refer to the following attachments for the library's Computer and Internet Use policies.
|Computer and Internet Use Policy 2013.pdf
Used book donations are welcome and will be placed in the Friends of Woodstock Public Library's Used Book Sale Room. Books must be in good condition and suitable for reselling. Please do not donate: magazines, puzzles, games, Reader's Digest Condensed Books, textbooks, or encyclopedias.
Please contact the Library Director regarding monetary gifts, bequests or endowments for the Library.
Rules of Woodstock Public Library
1. Each person wishing to take out materials must have registered with the library and must present his or her own card.
2. Library cards are non-transferable.
3. Library cards are valid only for the address cited when the card is issued. Patrons must notify the library of change of address.
4. All residents of the City of Woodstock (5 years old or older) are entitled to free library cards.
5. Rural Woodstock Public Library District residents are entitled to free Rural Basic Cards, that are restricted. District residents can opt to pay $36 per year per family to obtain full service cards that provide all services available to city residents.
6. Non-residents pay $150 per family per year. Each member of the family may have his or her own card.
7. Reciprocal privileges are extended to persons holding valid cards from other tax supported public libraries in Illinois. Some restrictions apply.
Loan Periods, Material Limits, and Overdue Fines
1. Books, CDs, and books on cassette or CD may be checked out for 21 days and renewed twice with these exceptions:
2. Videos and DVDs may be checked out for 7 days and renewed only once except items with holds and some interlibrary loan items. There is a limit of 5 DVDs per person.
3. Back issues of newspapers and magazines may be checked out for 21 days. Current issues must be used in the library.
4. Overdue fines, as of May 1, 2013, are 25 cents per day for DVDs and video games; 20 cents per day for everything else (books, CDs, magazines, etc). Material is overdue until returned, renewed, or paid for. First overdue notices are sent when materials are 7 days overdue. Additional information regarding overdue or lost materials is available here.
5. Nothing will be checked out to a person whose borrower's card has 5 overdue items or fines of $5 or more.
6. Failure to pay fines and return or pay for items may result in suspension of library privileges for the entire family. Failure to return items is a Class A misdemeanor according to the Illinois Criminal Code, Chapter 38, Article 6B. The Library does use a Collection Agency to retrieve materials.
7. Vacation loans: Persons who will be out of town may check out materials for six weeks but they are not renewable. New books may not be checked out on vacation loans.
8. Library projectors may be rented for use outside the library only by adult resident borrowers using a current card and paying the rental fee. A reciprocal adult borrower may check out projectors for meeting room use only by using a current card and paying the rental fee. Rental fees are charged if the projector has lamps that burn out and must be replaced.
9. All residents and rural residents paying the User Fee are limited to a maximum of
10. Rural residents with Basic Cards are limited to
11. Reciprocal borrowers have the same limits throughout the system
Updated: May 2014
The Woodstock Public Library is dedicated to providing access to knowledge and information through reading, writing, and quiet contemplation, providing patrons the right to use materials and services without being disturbed or impeded, and providing patrons and employees a secure and comfortable environment. The Public Library Act provides the Board of Library Trustees with the general power to carry out the spirit and intent of the Act in establishing and maintaining the library and providing library services and the specific power to "exclude from the use of the library any person who willfully violates an ordinance or regulation prescribed."
The Board of Library Trustees of the Woodstock Public Library establishes its conduct policy as follows:
1. A patron who engages in any activity which is illegal or which materially disrupts the use of library facilities, collections, or services by patrons or materially disrupts the ability of the staff to perform its duties shall cease such activity immediately upon request by library personnel.
2. If, following a request, the patron fails or refuses to comply or responds to the request in an abusive fashion, he or she will be required to leave the library premises immediately for the balance of that calendar day. If he or she fails to leave, the police will be summoned
3. In instances involving minors, identification will be requested and the incident may be reported to the parent or guardian. The Library Director has the discretion to require a parent or guardian to accompany the child in the library for an agreed upon period of time.
4. Library personnel will record instances in which patrons are required to leave the library by filing an Incident Form. The Library Director shall have the discretion to bar the patron from use of the library premises.
5. In the event a patron barred from the use of the library attempts entry to the library during any such period of exclusion, the police will be summoned and informed of the prior action.
6. In the event the individual challenges the decision of the Library Director, he or she may appeal in writing to the Board of Trustees. In lieu of a specific period of exclusion, an individual must make a written request to the Board of Trustees for reinstatement.
August 2002
Unattended Children Policy
Parents are responsible for the behavior of their children while they are in the library. The Woodstock Public Library staff is committed to help children with activities related to the library. Library staff cannot be, nor is it their responsibility, to serve as baby-sitters or disciplinarians. Violations of this policy are grounds for suspension of library privileges. Whenever advisable, the library will notify the parent of incidents involving an unattended child.
• Children age seven and younger must be accompanied and directly supervised at all times by a parent or responsible caregiver. The minimum age for a caregiver is at least 14.
• Children between the ages of eight and ten must have a parent or responsible caregiver of at least 14 years of age present in the building so that they are available to supervise and remain attentive to the child.
• Children over the age of 10 may use the library unattended by an adult, subject to other library rules and policies concerning behavior, conduct, and demeanor.
When the safety of an unattended child is in doubt, or the parent or responsible caregiver cannot be located, or if the library is closing, library staff is authorized to call the police and stay with the child until the police arrive.
In the event a child 13 years old or younger has not been picked up at the time the library is closing, library staff will attempt to contact the child's parent or guardian. If 15 minutes after the library closes the parent/guardian has not come to pick up the child, the police will be notified.
Amended November 2009
The Rural Woodstock Public Library District serves residents who live outside the Woodstock City limits, but within the Woodstock Community School District 200 boundaries. http://www.ruralwoodstocklibrary.com (will open in new window)
What is the relationship between the City of Woodstock Public Library and the Rural Woodstock Public Library District?
The City of Woodstock Public Library is governed by the City of Woodstock Library Board which oversees the library's budget and policies due to tax support from citizens within the City limits. The Rural Woodstock Public Library District Board has two main functions: (1) to negotiate a contract for library services and (2) to serve as an advisory board to the City of Woodstock Library Board.
The Rural Woodstock Public Library District Board of Trustees meets the first Wednesday of the month at 7:00 p.m. There are seven members who are elected for six-year terms. Trustees must reside within the borders of the Rural District. The meetings are held in the Board Room of the Library and are open to the public.
Library Cards for Rural Woodstock Public Library Residents
1) A rural basic service library card is available for District residents that includes restricted library services at no charge. These services include checking out a total of three (3) items per person at any one time and accessing the Internet on library computers. Basic cards also give patrons the ability to place holds on Woodstock Public Library materials only, and search research databases that require a library card for access. Any rural resident 5 years of age or older may have his or her own library card.
2) A rural full service library card is available by paying a user fee of $36 per household per year. Additional services that are available with this fee include increasing the borrowing limit to 50 items, the same limit enjoyed by City residents, the ability to place holds on library materials owned by other nearby libraries, and request for inter-library loans from any library in the U.S. Only full-user cardholders may use their Woodstock library card at other Illinois libraries.
Scholarships For Rural District Residents
Scholarships are available at the Woodstock Public Library for residents of the Rural Woodstock Public Library District whose income would qualify them for either free or reduced price meals with the school district. These scholarships are used to pay for part of the $38 per household per year user fee required for rural residents to obtain full-service library cards.
Households eligible for free meals through School District 200 receive a scholarship to pay for all but $5.00 of the $36 fee. Scholarships are available for all households meeting these requirements even if they do not have children in School District 200. The household income level to qualify varies based upon household size. Residents who think they may qualify can find out details by calling the Library (815) 338-0542 or by visiting at 414 W. Judd Street, Woodstock.
Wonder Lake Book Return
Wonder Lake residents can return Woodstock Public Library books at the Thompson Road branch of the Wonder Lake State Bank, at 3316 Thompson Road, Wonder Lake.
Additional Information for Rural Woodstock Public Library District Citizens The "brick and mortar" costs of the library, as well as operational costs, are paid entirely by the City residents through taxes. The contract negotiated between the City and Rural Boards covers library services only. The Rural District currently holds no equity in the building, furnishings, or collections of the Woodstock Public Library.
|RWPLD FAQ Brochure.pdf
|Rural Woodstock Public Library District Scholarship 2012.pdf
|Freedom of Information Rural Woodstock Public Library District.pdf
Meeting Rooms Voter's Registration
ESL Tutoring Talking Book Program
Your Woodstock Public Library card provides access to books, DVDs, and many other items. Your card also allows you to download movies, audiobooks and use the library's online databases for research . Click here to learn how to get a library card.
Logging On:
Logon to the Internet stations with your library card number. When logging on for the first time cardholders should enter a password or PIN when prompted on the login screen. Non-cardholders can logon using a guest number, obtainable at the Reference Desk.
Children (13 and under) need to have a parent present to fill out an Internet Agreement form in order to access the internet the first time.
Cost is 10 cents for B&W; 50 cents for color. Please add money to your Printing Account at the Reference or Children's Staff Desks prior to printing
Everyone who uses a library computer must follow our policy regarding computer and Internet use.
Volunteers needed - take on a rewarding challenge and help the community by becoming a volunteer tutor with the Woodstock Public Library's English as a Second Language Program. This program assists adults who want to learn English. Tutors receive special training and don't need teaching experience or fluency in another language besides English. After training, tutors are assigned to work one-on-one for two hours a week with a student at the library. Persons interested in becoming a tutor should call Julie Fee at the library at 815-338-0542.
The library has two meeting rooms available for community meetings. Additional information is available in the "How Do I" section of the website.
There is a color copier near the Front Desk and a scanner/printer near the Reference Desk. Copies are 10 cents for B&W copies; 50 cents for color copies. The copier and the scanner/printer are capable of doing double-sided copies.
See our online calendar for upcoming programs and registrations. The library's programs are also published in the City of Woodstock's City Scene newsletter which comes out three times a year. A PDF copy of the library's portion of the most recent City Scene is available here.
There is a self-service public fax and scanner in the Reference Area. The cost is $1.00 per page for U.S. faxes, and $1.50 for international and U.S. territories. Incoming faxes for individuals can not be accepted. Please ask the Reference Librarian for assistance or additional information. The scanner may be used to scan documents to a printer, USB drive or email - cost is ten cents per page.
Talking Book and Braille Service provides audiobooks and Braille texts to residents who are blind, visually handicapped, or have other physical limitations or a reading disability. (PDF Application Form)
The library has federal and state tax forms available, free of charge, in the Reference Area. If the tax form you need is not available on the Tax Forms display, check to see if the Reference Librarian can print a copy from the IRS website or the Illinois Department of Revenue website (cost 10 cents a page). Federal tax forms usually begin arriving at the end of December, Illinois state forms usually are available towards the end of January.
The librarians at the Reference Desk are here to help you find whatever you are looking for whether it is a book, poem, information for a report, or help with the internet. Please ask us--we are here to help you.
Register to vote for all local, general and primary elections at the Library. Please bring two forms of valid identification. An individual may register to vote in Illinois if he/she is 18 years or older on the next election day, resides in the jurisdiction for 30 days prior to the election, and is a U.S. citizen. Registrations can not be taken during the 30 days prior to an election.
To register to vote by mail refer to the Illinois Voter Registration Application online. Additional information is available at the Illinois State Board of Elections website.
The Friends of Woodstock Public Library were formed in April 1983 to support the library through fundraising, special programs, and volunteering. In their 25 years, Friends have donated over $150,000 in gifts, supported two successful building referenda in 1985 and 1999, sponsored many special programs and baked cookies for the annual Ice Cream Social.
Spotlight on Friend's Gifts
The Friends have presented the library with generous gifts for such things as the new monitor at the Front Desk that is used to promote upcoming programs and services, photocopiers, a wheelchair for patrons, a CD/DVD buffer and the Modern Scholar lectures on CD. The Friends have paid for most of the Activity Kit backpacks in the Children's area and have purchased the entire collection of PlayAway audio books on MP3 players.
The Friends pay for the maintenance of the library's 390-gallon salt water aquarium The most recent purchases were the Wii and PlayStation2 gaming consoles and games. These were introduced during the 25th Anniversary Open House in April, and are used regularly during after school programs. Teen gaming in public libraries is a hot topic—thanks to Friends we can be part of the scene.
MiniLinks Golf Equipment Rental
The Friends of Woodstock Public Library has been holding successful golf fundraisers at the Woodstock Public Library since 2009. Always held in the middle of March, the event includes:
18-hole mini golf course that weaves throughout the three floors of the library
Pizza & Refreshments
Lots of fun
During other times of the year the Friends make their 'golf course' available for rent to non-profit and profit organizations. If you are interested in learning more about the MiniLinks Golf Equipment Rental please refer the PDF attached to the bottom of the page.
To Join The Friends
Fill out and mail in the attached (below) Membership Form or bring it to the front desk at the library. The Friends are in need of members to serve on their board - - help shape what the next fundraiser will look like!
Annual Friends Membership Fees:
$5 student
$10 individual
$20 family/supporting
$100 lifetime
President -Claude Smith
Vice President- Michael Gullotto
Treasurer- Mary Ellen Prindiville
Corresponding Secretary - Betty Hopp
Recording Secretary - Rick Johnson
Members at Large - Gayle Hoch, Gay Mather, Elizabeth Collins, OPEN position.
|Rental Golf Kit Application 2012.pdf
|Membership Brochure.pdf


text:
MacRumors Forums
Archives of Old Posts
Macintosh Computers
> Alternatives to Applecare?
View Full Version :
Alternatives to Applecare?
Feb 2, 2003, 03:01 PM
Does anyone know any companies that will give you extended warranties on your Apple products?
Feb 2, 2003, 03:42 PM
I think CompUSA has some kind of extended warranty. I'm not sure if you have to purchase it with a Mac or not. I know you can get the CompUSA warranty for your iPod, regardless of where you purchased it.
Feb 2, 2003, 03:42 PM
I believe CompUSA offers pretty decent warranties on their machines, at not too high a cost. I don't buy much from them, but went to get a replacement keyboard, and they were trying to sell me a warranty-- said no matter what happened, if i could bring in enough plastic to prove it had once been a keyboard, they would replace it (for two years).
AppleCare itself is a pretty nice program, tho, as i understand it--
Feb 2, 2003, 04:05 PM
Originally posted by paulwhannel
AppleCare itself is a pretty nice program, tho, as i understand it--
For those with large wallets.;)
Feb 2, 2003, 04:47 PM
AppleCare is worth every penny. The people at Airborne express really have their **** together. You never have to pay for shipping or anything, and the whole entire turnaround time for a fix is like 3 days (Get the box, send it out, 1 day for Apple to fix it and sent out that same day, everything is overnighted). I was really impressed with it.
Feb 2, 2003, 06:21 PM
I've been conned by CompUSA's warranties.......I would defintely go with AppleCare

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
EMERGENCIES UNIT for ETHIOPIA
Returnee Agricultural
Crop and Land Assessment
Dr. Robert Shank
UN-EUE Field Officer
13 October, 1994
Background information
Repatriation to the Humera area began in June 1993, with the arrival of an estimated 12,000 refugees from the Saffawa camp in eastern Sudan. The returnees were settled in three settlement areas outside the northwestern town of Humera. The largest settlement, Ada Bai, has a returnee population of 7,200; 2,200 returnees joined a local population of 720 in Mai Kadra; Rawayan was the smallest settlement with 2,600 returnees and only a small local population. In February 1994, 2,255 refugees were repatriated from Umrakoba camp and settled in Rawayan. In addition to returnee settlements, there is also considerable private investment in commercial farms in these areas.
When the repatriation operation was started, the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) was the chief implementing organization for the entire returnee population. The Relief Society of Tigray (REST) provided medical supplies and monitoring services. Since January, assistance, implementation and monitoring responsibilities have been split between the regional bureau of the RRC (the RRB), REST and ERO. The RRB has responsibility for assistance to the original group of 12,000 returnees from Saffawa, REST provides assistance to the new repatriants from Umrakoba and ERO at Kokit in Region 3. UNHCR, which has provided funding to all three organizations for reintegration services, has opened a field office in Humera for monitoring and coordination purposes.
Estimated crop production on returnee farms varies from average (6-8 qt/ha) to none in the three REST settlements in Humera, and good (10 qt/ha) to none in the three ERO settlements in Kokit. The late arrival of the rains in June, heavy rainfall in July and shortage of tractors for discing have affected the crop status this year. (The 40 Hiwot company tractors plus the 110 private tractors needed to disc 92,000 ha at two ha/hour would be equivalent to 30 days at 10 hours/day.) Although more concentrated on sesame and cotton production, private investor farmers and the Hiwot company farms were also affected by erratic rains and their crop production prospects appeared similar to those of the returnees. It can be assessed that the cropping season and production prospects have been more favourable in the Shehedi area than the Humera area, although returnees in both areas will still need food assistance due to general crop failures.
In some parts of these areas, the land allocated to 1993 and 1994 returnees is inappropriate. The land is either too far from the settlements or is susceptible to crop failure due to poor soil and water interactions.
Land allocations for investment purposes is ongoing but government authorities need to be encouraged to move investors to hinterland areas and allocate the land located near the villages to returnees. This may require compensation to investors for clearing and infrastructure facility development. A strategy for the re-allocation of land to returnees is being discussed.
Agronomics of crop production in the Humera-Metema lowlands
The common sorghum varieties used in the Humera area are listed in Table 1. During the field trip it was seen that due to tractor shortages for land preparation, the shorter season variety of "Cora", which has lower yield potential, was the most commonly used by both returnees and investors. Late planting was also common among investors with some sorghum fields only knee-high to early flowering. Also, at the time of this assessment, local agriculturalists thought that late planted fields still had yield potential even though further rainfall was not expected.
Uniformly low seeding rates indicated low capital for seed purchase or an aversion to divert grain from sales. Also, the presence of head smut in returnee farmland at Ada Bai and Kumer, but not the commercial fields, indicates an awareness of seed selection and chemical seed treatment on the part of the private investors.
Crops and insecticides
In the areas visited, actellic grain insecticide was available for treatment of stored grain but as the expiration date was not known this variety may not be effective. Also, the Guna storage facility, containing several hundred quintals of sesame seeds, was infested with weevils.
Of the three sesame varieties grown in these areas, all are white seeded but "Jemarok" has the highest yield potential. "Kefif" is considered as having the shortest maturity whereas "Tegil" is the most commonly cultivated. Generally, it has to be noted that sesame is not tolerant of poorly drained soils.
Hand-cutting sesame is a laborious task that provides good potential for cash labour. Four hundred hand-sized bundles of hand-cut sesame make 1 hilla; three to five hillas are common per hectare, with two hillas yielding one quintal. Labourers are paid 10 birr per hilla and can cut three to five hillas per day. Sesame hillas dry for two weeks, after which the pods burst open with the help of gentle threshing. The seeds are then collected in cloths.
Cotton is a high potential cash crop but its cultivation has so far been limited to investors with access to capital for purchasing insecticides. The Hiwot Company controls 3,000 ha of cotton fields this year. In comparison, returnees only grow small plots in their garden for domestic use.
Other sources of food
Adapted home garden crops Other food sources
Major Minor Unused From market
Maize Tomato Millet Onion
Pepper Duba (Pumpkin) Squash Lentil
Leaf Cabbage Okra Soybean Rice
Gourds Chickpea
In summary, the chosen seed varieties and agronomic and husbandry practices of the returnees are not always suitable but are also not substantially different from that of investors. Availability and cost of inputs affects farming and much training and extension is needed if returnees, implementing agencies and commercial farm managers are to maximize productivity and profits. However, if UN agencies utilize their inputs effectively and, through their implementing partners, demonstrate to returnees the extent and potential of improved practices, production can improve.
Partial Budget for Mixed Crop Farming in the Humera-Metema Lowlands
Unlike the highlands, which have integrated crop and livestock farming, mechanized farming involves additional costs and risks of delays in planting if the tractors are not available when needed. During the field trip, the following observations were made regarding farming practices in the Humera and Metema lowlands:
1) The late arrival of returnees and the delay in land allocation did not allow enough time for adequate land clearing in some areas, resulting in late seed-bed preparation in most fields.
2) Use of the shorter season sorghum variety in the Humera area reduced yield potential by as much as 20%. An additional 20% of yield was affected by smut infested seed stocks.
3) Some land allocated to the returnees was unsuitable for reliable cropping. Also, as returnees were not familiar with their land and sometimes did not have access to agricultural inputs, fertilizer was not usually used in low fertility areas.
4) Returnee farmers who obtained seeds on credit often have to sell their crop at a lower price at harvest time to repay the debt. However, commercial farmers usually have to option of storing their crops until prices improve.
5) Although probably more costly, consideration should be given to purchasing more productive vanities of seeds in the coming year.
6) The high demand for farm labour during certain seasons helps support the returnee households but, unfortunately, can also reduce productivity on the returnees' own land if sufficient time and effort are not devoted to the farmer's own plot.
Farm practices and production levels are affected by a combination of factors. These include discing costs, seed prices, access to fertilizer and chemicals and the availability of labour.
Expected Crop Yields and Food Needs for Returnees to the Humera-Metema Area
A tour of the returnee fields and adjacent commercial fields was conducted to evaluate crop yields and the food security prospects of the returnees. It was reported that returnee crop yields in 1993 were low in comparison to commercial farmers. From observations made this year it can be concluded that 1994 yield levels will vary from no yield up to that of commercial farms. This is due to the combination of the type of land allocated to the returnees and/or this year's weather conditions.
REGION 1 (Tigray)
Region 1 returnees were assisted by REST, which gave 1994 returnees land on the basis of one hectare per adult family member and one hectare for two or more children, which is one to three hectares per household. Returnees were given cash grants (up to 1,500 birr) and REST assisted farmers to obtain farm inputs on a loan basis. Fertilizer was not used and discing was done only once. Plant stands were low throughout the returnee areas indicating either low seeding rates, low seed germination or a combination of both. General observations made of settlement crop situation are as follows:
Settlement Land Allocated Land Needed
Head of Family Hectares Head of Family Hectares
Ada Bai 1947 3258 593 1253
Rawayan 1765 2988 70 149
Mai Kadra 723 1361 112 186
Two fields allocated to the returnees were planted with the shorter season, and more common sorghum variety of Cora. One was 7-10 km from the village and had been cultivated before; the other, situated 20-25 km from the village, was newly planted with minimal clearing. The second field was reported to total 370 hectares of which only 190 were utilized. Both areas were not weedy in spite of the low plant stand. The newly cleared field was definitely lower yielding and should have been disced twice. In this field, the smaller seed heads and yellowed plants indicated low soil fertility and these areas should have been fertilized. Although the variety Cora usually has tillers (many stems from one plant), the late tillers were not developing substantial seed heads in the newly planted field.
An estimated 15-20% of seed heads in both fields were infested with head smut which means that 50-75% of the grains are replaced by smut balls and the remaining are either infertile, producing no seeds, or have reduced seed weight. The smut spores are borne with the seed and the fungus grows in the next crop plants causing reinfestation. Although there are resistant varieties, there was little smut in the investors fields with the same variety due to a combination of seed selection and Thiram seed treatment, which costs only 2-4 birr per 10-15 kg of seed/hectare.
The total yield in the two fields is estimated to be 3-5 qt/ha for the newly planted field and 7-8 qt/ha for the other, older field. Commercial fields in the area commonly yield 5-8 qt/ha, although weedy and late planted commercial fields with a lower yield are common. It should be mentioned that the entire village has been moved to a new location and as a result, sorghum areas within the villagers' home gardens will yield double that of communal fields due to better fertility levels and husbandry practices.
Returnees in Rawyan were given two fields, one of which was a part of the former state farm about 10 km from the village, and the other about 40 km to the west near the Sudan border. The state farm plot appeared to have been planted with two varieties. The Cora variety, though thinly planted, was tillering and should yield 5-7 qt/ha with no indication of smut. However, the second variety, possibly Saffra, was not tillering. Although this variety produces a larger seed head, it will yield only 4-5 qt/ha. The former state farm field is good for the returnees due to proximity to the village and good drainage, which makes it suitable for sesame or other crops.
The second field is in the west of Mai Kadra, across a swampy drainage area and is reported to be between 700 - 1000 hectares. It was farmed in the past by Sudanese who came across the border for farming - but only when conditions for agriculture were suitable. The returnee farmers reported that the rain in this lowland area started late in June. Subsequently, heavy rains impeded germination and growth after planting, resulting in large areas being waterlogged. Consequently, except in some fringe areas, the plant stand was close to zero and no harvest is expected.
Although the administration took the returnees' need for land as an opportunity to re-establish their authority over this particular section of land, the poor drainage of the area can render it unsuitable for traditional crops. However, there is no sign of salt accumulation, no indication of infertility (surviving plants were developing) and probably with extensive agronomic help flood and waterlogging, resistant crops such as rice could be grown. However, until the experimentation is completed, subsistence farmers such as returnees should be given low-risk cropland.
Mai Kadra
The representative for the returnees rode with us to see the field, one hour distance by walking. However, after travelling more than 10 km by car he concluded that it could not be reached by road. He said that it is a good field and that an average yield is expected.
REGION 3 (Amhara)
Region 3 returnees were assisted by ERO, which attempted to prepare a package of one hectare of land per family regardless of family size. By preparing three fields for sorghum, sesame and cotton, it was intended that each family would have 0.5 ha of sorghum for food and 0.5 ha of sesame/cotton for sale. Due to the heavy rains, only sorghum was planted. ERO paid for inputs, arranged for discing and helped the returnees perform minor land clearing. Seeds were purchased and DAP fertilizer was applied, as Urea, which was in the original plan, could not be obtained before the roads became impassable. The individual returnee families were assigned to weed and maintain the one ha plots.
Three fields of 64 ha, 30 ha, and 19 ha were planted with sorghum and appear to have prospective yields of six, ten, and eight qt/ha, respectively. In Kumer, the plant growth was better than the fields in Humera area due to higher fertility and better growing season (better rainfall distribution, longer growing season and lower evapo-transpiration). The yields would have been better but, again, 15-20% of the plants were smut infested. The seeding rate could have been higher and had Urea been applied, yields could have been double.
In addition to the communal fields, each family was allowed to construct a tukul (hut), which are common in Kumer. Some of the areas were previously grazed/cropped and were planted by the settlers themselves as home gardens. The quality of sorghum in these 'home gardens' varies from stunted and yellow on rocky shallow soils to tall and excellent on deep, manured soils. Further development of the area surrounding each tukul and in the large, lightly used grazing areas will greatly enhance the sustainability of the returnee programme in this area.
Village 7/8
In the original plan of resettlement schemes, 500 ha was allocated to each village for cultivation. Residents claim to be using up to 5 ha each on a shifting cultivation basis. Nevertheless, the administration was able to convince the residents to allow 110 ha (82.2 ha of sorghum and 27.8 ha of cotton) to be allocated and planted by the 1994 returnees.
In areas of heavy, tight clay soils that are flat but not swampy or poorly drained, it is important to complete discing and planting during the light early rains so that germination and root establishment occurs before the heavy rains. Well established plants can survive wet, rainy weather if the root system can get enough oxygen to support root activities. It might prove beneficial to row-plant on ridges or hill-plant to allow more soil aeration in the root zone. These areas and soils actually adsorb more water and can give better crop yields in dry years than the sloping fields on which rain water runs off.
A large number of returnees settled in Abdurafi were included in the ERO programme. However, the land allocated for the returnees, which is three hours walk from the village, must be cleared and therefore no land assignments have been made yet. ERO reported that even though the returnees were integrated into the community, there is not much scope for returnee farming activities and, as the village is situated on stony knolls, there is no possibility of home gardening.
Estimation of Food Needs
A rough estimation of food needs can be made by calculating the deficit in the minimal grain production required to pay costs and feed the returnees. Land preparation costs of 50-60 birr per hectare and seed costs of 10-15 birr were uniform on the Humera side. This means about two quintals of grain need to be sold in order to pay the loans. Another three qts/ha of grain per person is required for household consumption and three qts/ha should be allocated to generate cash income for the purchase of necessities. This means that cropland which yields less than 8 qt/ha will not sustain the returnee family until the next cropping season. The following is the estimated deficit in 1994 sorghum production:
Abi Bai 180ha not planted X 6qt/ha= 1080
190ha @ 4qt/ha deficit X 4qt/ha= 760
Rawyan 1000ha @ 0qt/ha X 8qt/ha= 8000
380ha @ 3qt/ha deficit X 3qt/ha= 1140
Abdurafi ??? ha @ 0qt/ha X 6qt/ha ???
Village 7/8 110ha @ 6qt/ha X 6qt/ha= 660
(discing and seed
paid by ERO) TOTAL DEFICIT 11,640
Note: There may be additional claims of unproductive or under-productive allocated cropland which were not visited
Credit Availability, Tractor Shortages, Marketing Structures and Price Determinations that affect Returnees
Returnee farmland on the Humera-REST side totals a mere 7,507 ha out of a total of 92,000. Also, assuming each adult or two children need three quintals for consumption, the remaining yield of three to seven qt/ha would be sold for cash. This means an estimated 22,500 to 52,500 quintals of grain will be marketed by the returnees. Considering the size and power of the commercial farming community in the area and the distance to markets, the smallholders will also need to organize themselves into farmer groups or co-ops.
Banks provide 11-15% production loans to individuals who have capital and guarantees. The Guna company provides loans free of interest but requires in-kind or cash repayment at prices set at harvest time. The Ambasel Trading House operates as a informal partner to Guna on the Metema-Humera side. Both companies operate profitably by adding the cost of transport (30-40 birr for the 260 kms to Gonder, 40 birr for the 285 km to Shire, 70 for transport to Mekele, 50 birr for transport to Asmara and 75 birr for transport to Gidarif in the Sudan). An overhead is added to compensate for the terminal market price. Also, the two companies pay more than private traders as they deal with larger volumes. Prices paid for sorghum vary from 70 birr for the Cora variety to 100 birr for the higher quality Saffra. Sesame prices varied from 160-200 birr/qt.
The Ethiopian Grain Trading Corporation, with a 700 ton capacity warehouse, purchased only the high quality sorghum variety (Saffra) for 80 to 90 birr/qt . A newly established farmers' association, which charges 100 birr/share and now has 480 members, (with one vote allowed per member regardless of the number of shares held) hopes to collect 100,000 birr in capital. The main goal of this association is to protect the fall in market prices by acquiring regular national and international market information from Addis Ababa. Also, they hope to obtain better fuel, tractor spare part price through collective bargaining. Several investors prefer to use private storage facilities or open tarp storage either of which enable them to delay marketing until prices increase.
The returnees, both individually and collectively, need to be made aware of the opportunities available to them and the consequences of dealing with banks, Guna and EGTC as well as the possibility of buying into the Farmers Association. Individually, they may feel isolated and certainly they will not be able to get tractors for discing only one to three hectares. Also, for loans or in negotiating marketing agreements, preference is given to larger investors. However, if returnees had the benefit of being represented by a co-op or spokesperson they could exercise comparable influence.
UNHCR should assist REST and ERO in developing cooperatives to benefit the returnee farmers. These cooperatives should be involved in the purchase of inputs, development of smallholder cropping technology and collaborative marketing. Organizations such as Voca could provide REST and ERO with excellent set-up and training for these farmer cooperatives. Also, there is an immediate need for establishing a cooperative operated oil press and a cotton gin in the Humera area.
The presence of returnees could be an asset to the investor farmers as traditionally there has been a migration of farm labour into the area. In addition to planting, weeding and harvesting, returnees could also be employed for other mutually advantageous work. Construction and maintenance of roads by food for work would facilitate the marketing of both returnee and investor crops. Land clearing, cotton picking and sesame harvesting require seasonal short-term labour. Transporting workers from outside is less efficient than utilizing those already in the villages.
In summary, considering that a good marketing strategy could increase returnee crop yields and income, smallholder marketing schemes and participation in farmer associations should be encouraged among the returnees, not only for the purchase of inputs but also for the sale of products. In an area where there are many large investors, unity of the smallholder through cooperatives and farmer associations is essential for protecting the rights of the returnees.
Land allocation, re-allocation and prospects for the 1995 returnees
According to local inhabitants, there is 500,000 hectares available for lowland cropping along the Sudan/Ethiopia border. This may include both the Humera and Metema areas and may not account for rainfall catchment basins that are subject to flooding. Nevertheless, at the present time allocations to private investors and returnees in the Humera wereda cover 92,000 hectares and are continuing. Expected crop yields in the wereda are 500,000 quintals of sorghum and 200,000 quintals of sesame. Cotton was grown only by investors with enough capital to secure insecticide through cash payment. This includes 3000 hectares grown by the Hiwot Company.
Although cropland appears to be extensive on the way to Humera, local administrators claim there is a general shortage of land in this area. Allocations continue on the Humera side but vast areas were reported to be vacant on the Metema side. On the way from Humera to the east towards Ada Bai or southeast towards Hiwot, or on the way south towards Abdurafi or southwest towards the border, 99% of the land is cultivated cropland. However, due to the distance from urban labour, road conditions and land clearing problems, large areas on the perimeter after Ada Bai and between Abdurafi and Shehedi have not been utilized yet. Investors are now allowed only enough capital for 30 hectares instead of the previous 80 hectares. Returnees are required to crop at least 20% of their grant within the first year after allocation.
In Shehedi, local administration officials are currently discouraging further expansion until the issue of the 1990 Welo returnees (768 heads of household) from the Gode State Farm is resolved. This population are camped on the river 2 km east of Shehedi and are assisted by RRC-ERO but have not been given land as yet. Large areas of available land are reported approximately 52 km south of Shehedi (five hours by tractor) and 35 km north of Metema (four hours by tractor), where there are villages equipped with minimal essential services (both are near large perennial rivers). These tracts of land are both located in weredas outside the Shehedi district.
The areas cited would not add up to the 500,000 hectares mentioned but other, more remote, areas have not been considered. For instance, 22-25,000 ex-soldiers were settled on 7000 ha of land around a former military base. There is a cement airstrip and some buildings with a good river on each side of the area. It is not clear, however, whether the 7000 ha is all cropland and the reliability of production is uncertain but the cropping was evident from the air.
Re-allocation and the shifting of land from one contractee to another must be considered for the returnees and should also be considered for other residents who do not own land. Returnee farmers requesting more than one hectare of land for subsistence farming should be given priority over investors who aim at increasing their profits. The administration officials seem to be sensitive to this issue, although they are waiting further instructions from higher officials. The question is not how to compensate investors but how to avoid discouraging investment which came first to an area. Obviously investors are interested in the land which is cleared and amenable to tractor farming, which becomes more difficult and less profitable when the fields become irregular and forested. This is not the case for settlers who need small treed plots for fuel and construction with intervening grassy areas for animals. This is why the perimeter areas and particularly the Shehedi area is suitable for settlers.
A number of possible solutions are foreseen for the problem of land allocation in the area. One investor was given the opportunity to farm two allocations this year without the 20 birr/ha rental payment to the government. Next year he will abandon one area, continuing on the land further from the village. Although the government objective is to profit directly from the rent of land, the government may need to allocate these funds to land clearing and road construction in order to encourage further investment and development. Some of this work could also be done through food for work.
A second solution involves the creation of satellite farmer villages around the presently growing urban centres, particularly Ada Bai, Abdurafi, and Shehedi. The returnees and modern villagers now appreciate the social benefits of larger urban areas including health services, secondary schools and market opportunities. The people of Ada Bai have moved the town location 2 kms from its original riverside site to an area which consists of a town square with a growing shopping area in the centre and the town extending out from the square. The established health clinic is now 2 kms away and the borehole is still more than one km away in the opposite direction. In order to place the farmer closer to his field and pasture, smaller satellite communities could be established, which utilize urban schools, clinics and water points while offering other social services on demand. Larger congregations of people create problems of sanitation, fuel supplies and transportation.
In summary, it can be assessed that there is still adequate land to accommodate 25,000 to 30,000 returnees and prospective investors. Work is needed, however, to get the government to give priority to returnees and some innovation and intervention to get investors to give up land near the towns and roads. But the incentives can go the other way as well if the farmers are given programmes that are beneficial to their welfare. Local officials say they are guided only by the investment policy and are waiting for the national land use policy guidelines.
Table 1. Agronomic characteristics of common food sorghum grown in the Humera area.
Variety Saffra Cora Deber Moged Yield Highest Good High Good potential Seed light white dull light colour brown white brown Plant tall medium tall medium height Maturity long- short- very long- short- season season season season Injira best acceptable preferred acceptable quality Comments no tillers most common very susceptible even at low due to tractor to leaf seeding rates shortage at blight-gives land prep time light seeds Smut
Table 2. Partial budget for the common crops grown in the Humera-Ebar area.
Crop Sorghum Sesame Cotton Fixed Costs Discing 50-60 Birr/ha same same Seeds 1-2 times= 10 kg/ha @ 30kg/ha @ 100-120birr 110-220birr/ 140-180birr/ 10-15 kg/ha @ qt=11-22 birr qt=40-50 birr 40-150birr/qt =4-23 birr Variable costs Fertilizer 0-50kg DAP = None 0-50kg DAP = Weeding 0-70 birr Same maybe 2 0-70 birr Chemicals 0-50kg Urea = times 0-50kg Urea = Storage Cost 0-70 birr 3.5 birr/ha to 0-70 birr 300-400birr/ ha control same + food termites and oil 2 litres/ha None suckers malathion to ?? ?? control aphids bollworm,white flies=70 birr ?? Return when sold at Harvest 40birr/qt for 110birr/qt for 3-5 3birr/kg for Next Planting 5-15qt/ha = qt/ha = 1000kg/ha = 200-600birr/ha 330-550birr/ha 3000birr/ha 120birr/qt for 5-15 220birr/qt for 3-5 qt/ha = 600-1800 qt/ha = birr 660-1100 birr Profit (loss) when sold at 146-546 birr 265-485 birr 2930 birr Harvest low (483-83) birr (146)-16 birr 2220 birr input high 546-(83) birr 595-114 birr input 1746-1117 birr 1035-554 birr Next Planting low input high input
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Mike Jenkins Chats with Media
Recently acquired CB Mike Jenkins spoke to the media after his first OTA experience in the Silver and Black.
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Contest time!Win stuff+fav to win!!NEW deadline!Woohoo~!Now that i've got all my ocs done and stuff. It's time to make the contest official~!This is my first contest...And i'm so nervous XDDDD I hope i do things right~! The topic is pretty simple, what you have to do is draw 1 or more of my Original Characters~!:3They could be doing anything but!Before you decide what kind of picture you're gonna make. Please read on the rules! The Rules - You don't necessarly have to watch me but maybe if you'd like for updates and such? :iconbadpokerfaceplz:- Please keep in mind the picture should be PG13, nothing mature!- The deviation must be a new one, things i've requested or commissioned e.t.c cannot be accepted as a contest entry - Please no Yaoi/yuri, it's not that i'm aganist it, it's just i'm not in the mood of it. XD- Traditional and Digital Media are welcome~- Literature is open i guess but please let me know what kind of writing you're gonna do~!- Please no sketches, WIPs ;^; I'd perfer fully fi
CONTEST TIME :D [Deadline Extended AGAIN!]Edit: New deadline is October 31st ; v ; :iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz::iconcuteicondividerplz:THE FAMIRY CONTEST ; 7 ; :iconkittydivider2plz::iconkittydivider3plz::iconkittydivider4plz::iconkittydivider5plz:Hi everyone! My dA family (fae-ruCherryshMeridiculous-rabbitRaspberryJupiter) are officially holding a contest! We have LOTS of great prizes (art from wonderful dArtists, numerous watches and llamas, features, and even some points :iconohohoplz But if you would still like to donate any prizes, please note/message any one of us, we'll definitely add the prizes on >u< We appreciate every donation ♥Oh and please help advertise for our contest :'> We'd love for a lot of people to join ♥ There will be more prizes if more people join as well! c:<
100 Points Giveaway! {CLOSED} Well I decided to end it early since nobody is joining anymore The winners are number 57 and 93!!! Which are Veegal and MizuLD !!!Winners will be contacted by note, if they do not reply in 7 days, the gift will be given to someelse To thank my watchers,I'm giving away two 100 points to two random people!Here's how to win:Add this journal to your favorites.Leave a comment on this journal. Say anything you'd like.Since this is for my watchers, Be my watcher! from now onwards, only watch me if you think I should be watched.On January 1st, 2013, from everyone who does BOTH of the above things, I'll be picking two people to give the Points to.Good luck and happy holidays! ^~^Oh and if you haven't seen this then :I will also do critiques for 10 points ! Though If you are my good friend then I will do one for you for free Thanks again~Jojo~
Good Intention: PMs and Points Giveaway!:icongood-intention:In celebration of the incredible momentum that this group has gained in just a couple of days, I am holding an Introductory Giveaway!About The Group:Good-Intention is a group dedicated to the kind acts that take place daily around the deviantART community. From users spending their time on free resources, to those who choose to feature the artwork of others. No act is too small or too minor to not have a spotlight shone on it.Prizes: (1) - 1 Year Premium Membership (Or 2,396 ) (3) - 3 Month Premium Memberships (Or 636 ) (5) - 1 Month Premium Memberships (Or 396 ) (10) - 100 Prizes will be selected using: http://jklp.org/public/html/choose.html for impartiality.In the spirit of giving, you may elect to give your prize to another user on deviantART.
doodle raffle!/ Winners!!////:iconeager-santaplz::iconeager-santaplz::iconeager-santaplz:// Thanks so much for waiting!! ;w; The winners are : :iconeager-santaplz::iconeager-santaplz::iconeager-santaplz:aaannnd :iconanimealchemist22: and :iconcddmanful: , congraaaaaatss!!:iconiexplodedplz: I will send notes as soon as possible! Thank you so much for everyone who participated! There will be more raffles coming, stay tuned! UCHUUSANTA WISHES YOU MERRY CHRISTMAS AND HAPPY HOLIDAYS!!:iconfeelingfreeplz:EDITHello everyone!! I thought about making a doodle raffle since it seemed like fun! (>A
CLOSED ~ CONTEST: OC Yin/Yang~! (judging!)Contest : OC Yin/YangThe contest is now closed~ C: Judging is in progress. I haven't sent replies to a few of the comments do to not havin a lot of time (sorry!) but all of the accepted pieces of artwork can be found in the box below. I will post the results as soon as we're finished!Draw your OC and it's opposite. C: It can be opposites of colours, personalities, interests - the more opposites the better!It will be judged on the design of the character, the number of ways in which they are opposite and how well the opposites are portrayed~Deadline: Midnight GMT November 30th.(Make sure you check the time it ends if you are in a different time zone!)How to EnterJust comment on this journal with a link to your entry. C:(I try to check every place that people can contact me - page comments, deviation comments, notes, journal comments, etc. but I might miss your entry if you post it elsewhere, so please try to put it here! C: ):bullet
Your Most Prized Possession Contest +100 points GVHello, sweeties!This is the official journal forYour Most Prized Possession ContestContest deadline: 1st March,2013byK1ntar and naked-in-the-rain_A little explanation of the subject:The subject of this contest is about your most prized possession.It doesn't have to be something expensive, it can be anything you love and cherish; something that has a great value for you.It could be an object, a memory, a person, a pet, or a simple smile... basically anything you find very valuable.Here are some photography examples to get your creative juices flowing::This contest allows media such as:photographydigital arttraditional artHow to participate?In order to participate you only have to this journal.Post your entry to deviantart, link back to this journal entry in the artists comments, and send me a note with the su
Cat Photo CONTEST - Voting timeSince there is give one get one PM, I decided to run a Cat PHOTO contest.Cat must be the main subject in your photo, there is no specific theme and no drawings or photo-manipulation are allowed.Cat of course doesn't need to be yours.Old and new photos are allowed. (only from deviantART) UPDATE Photo submissions are closed, it's time to vote here: http://zoranphoto.deviantart.com/journal/poll/3338773/Voting ends on 14th December on 22h CET.p.s. It was very hard to choose 10 photos for final voting, I received so many beautiful photos and cats Rules: 1 photo per entry, put a link to your favorite cat photo in this journal. Fav this journal. Submitting link process ends tomorrow (13th) in 21h CET. (You have 24h to submit) After that I'll choose 10 photos that will be in poll for 24h voting. Winners will be announced on 14th D
a dangerous hallucinationThe light coming through the window was bright,much too bright.Even though my eyes were closedI could see it-feel it.The skin of my arms prickled,sweat dripped from my brow.It was two in the afternoon but…the sun was settingthrough the window facing east.I should have seen the hutch,shelves lined with bone chinadecorated with delicate leaves and vines.I was so thirstyand reaching for cups that should have been there.Instead I found a billboard of butterflies,the colors ragingmore than any rainbow I'd ever seen.Their wings fluttered and flashedyet somehow they moved in slow motion.I wanted to stand,wanted to reach out and touch them but…I couldn't move,couldn't speak,and yet I laughedignoring my dry mouthand the tingling in my feet. There was a tempeston the riseand in my blood.A sugar rush disguisedas a riot of butterfliesand they were swarming me.There was a small vialof insulin in my pocketthat I nev
This is my 3rd and
4th giveaway
combined.Woke up
this morning and saw
there are 232
messages.There will
be One 100 points
winner and
Five 20
winnersEveryone who
participates gets a
Llama.Want to
win?Rules are
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Hello, darlings!
:heart:Summer is -
sadly - over and
it's time to go back
to school for some,
to university (for
me and for the first
time, actually) and
to work for others.
So, whatever you're
going to do... good
luck! I hope
these wonderful
photos can help you
relax in this
stressful time...
Ladies and
gentlemen... The
contest is
HERE!!!YEAH! It's
finally time! Let's
get down to
business!This is a
color contest! The
entry period is
September 1st, 2014
to September 30th,
2014. After that,
one week will be
used for judging
entries. Please note
that after September
30th, your entr...
TO THE PRIZES! :la:
4 ICON! :DHey guys!!
; c ;It's going to
be m...
Hello beasties,A
selection of works
that deserve your
attention.Thanks for
looking, have a
great week!Judas
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Rate Dr. ERICA R. SUTTON
Dr. ERICA R. SUTTON's Ratings
I was there for a general surgery consult on May 29th and waited for awhile to be seen, once I was seen by the person who took bp,wait etc she didn't have a good attitude. When Dr. Sutton finally came in the room i told her what was going on it gave me a feeling that she didn't believe me. She stated that her assistant was going to call to set up appointment for Endoscopy so time went by later that day i was told by her medical assistant "Helen" would call and set up appointment.After being on hold again she stated that she would call me back and give me appointment time, that never happened. I called back the next day and again on another long hold and once agaain then she cme to the phone asked my name and statrtesd yelling at me aysaini toyou i would oucall you back back tody i 6/6/14 and to this date i still haven't got a call back.i would dn't recommend them to anyone.HORRIBLE customer service. she will lose patietents if Helen continues to wiowork there with her bad attituude.
Submitted June 6, 2014 | flag
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This is an activity about light and color. The lesson includes a demonstration to show why the sky is blue and why sunsets and sunrises are orange. Participants will use scientific practices to investigate answers to questions involving the color of... (View More) the sky, sunsets, the Sun, and oceans. This activity requires use of a clear acrylic or glass container to hold water, a strong flashlight, batteries for the flashlight, and powdered creamer or milk. (View Less)
Participants will experiment with ultraviolet light sensitive plastic beads, which are generally white but turn colors when exposed to UV light. Participants are informed about the nature and risks of UV light and are asked to be the scientist to... (View More) explore what types of materials keep the beads, and hence the user, safe from UV light. (View Less)
This interactive illustrates how images from space get to earth and how we interpret the images. Users are encouraged to experiment with images to get a firm grasp of how scientists use color filters to interpret data.
In this activity about spectroscopy, learners build a spectroscope, learn about graphing spectra, and then identify elements in gas tubes using their spectra. The activity concludes as learners graph the spectra of different materials. Essential... (View More) materials required for this activity include spectrum light tubes, the power source for spectrum light tubes, and diffraction grating material. (View Less)
This is a game about light curves that will test your ability to figure out things about an asteroid from just a graph of its brightness. Astronomers use telescopes to collect light curves - measurements of the brightness of distant asteroids over... (View More) time. It is part of the Killer Asteroids Web Site. The site also features a background overview of the differences between asteroids and comets, information on different types of asteroids (rubble piles vs monoliths), a discussion of how at risk Earth really is to an asteroid or comet impact, and background information on light curves. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This is an activity about the size of the Sun. Learners will construct a pinhole camera and, using the projected image of the Sun, calculate its diameter. After calculating the diameter of the Sun, learners will create a classroom sized scale model... (View More) of the Sun and Earth. This activity requires use of a sunny outdoor location to be able to use the pinhole cameras. (View Less)


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It is my pleasure, as always, to introduce to you polymer clay artists. Polymer clay artists, designers, & sculptors are indeed a rare breed: always fun, unique, & joyful! Today's polymer clay artist, Meg Newberg, is no different. She's a wonderful polymer millefiori cane artist, who also sells her tutorials in her Etsy shop. Tomorrow, I will feature a season cane of hers, how you can get it, and what she's done with it. It's truly my honor to feature her today.
Meet Meg Newberg
When I was a little girl, a dear lady from Germany taught me how to make roses and simple dolls out of fimo. Working with clay was my favorite activity throughout elementary school. I grew up and forgot all about it. I got my degree in elementary education, and after graduation I worked with children at risk in various social-service jobs. One day my mom brought out all the clay creations she had saved from when I was a child. All the joy and delight flooded back to me. I knew at that moment what I wanted to do for the rest of my life. I want to bring the joy of creation to others! Now I teach art to people of all ages, and I can't imagine anything I'd rather do!
My store is an invitation into my classroom and workshop. You can see the creative process unfold with each new tutorial. I have a backlog of ideas that I can't wait to post! Each season brings new ideas, tutorials, and challenges.
My favorite items are my tutorials. I find so much joy in creating that I want to bring that joy to others for as little expense as possible.
Two unique canes that I have discovered are gemstone canes and fractal canes. Most people use canes for jewelry, but I like to use them as veneers for for sculptures, ornaments, and frames.
When I went off to college, my mom knit me the most beautiful afghan blanket. One day, I wondered if it would be possible to make a millefiori cane that looked just like little granny squares. I found a great solution and wrote it up as a tutorial. This has been one of my most popular tutorials. It's always a delight to see other products for sale on etsy made using one of my tutorials.
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Would You Like To Be the Featured Artist for the Month?
Are you are a polymer clay artist? Would you like to be the featured artist for the month? If you answered "yes" to both of these questions, please go HERE and answer the questionnaire and email your responses to me. Artists are subject to approval and are featured on a first come, first serve basis.


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Salt Lake City, UT and everywhere in between
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Salt Lake City, UT and everywhere in between
I live in Salt Lake and work for Backcountry.com as an HR Business Partner. I've been an employee for 6 years and love it! I'm a passionate triathlete (4 Ironmans under my belt) and also, hike, road bike, fly fish, ski, skate ski, and run.
Super stylish sunglasses. Comfortable and polarization makes them awesome in the outdoors. I wouldn't use these for any sport other than fishing or something as they don't have sticky pieces on the nose or anything. They are definitely for a larger face.
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If you're like me and could do without screaming children, loud mouth neighbors, and banging bathroom doors on an airplane, then these are for you. Put these suckers on, flip on the switch to block out outside noise and enjoy the peace and quiet of flying the friendly skies. When I did watch a movie with them on my iPad, the sound was fantastic. I also really like that these aren't obnoxiously colored. Plain black. Love em.
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Purchased this for my father for a surfing trip to Costa Rica and he loved it. Got a Medium (he normally wears a small shirt) and this was tight on him but not too tight. The best feature about this is the little loop at the bottom of the shirt that you can attach to your board shorts so the guard doesn't ride up when you're surfing.
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