text: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota Minnesota State of Minnesota - Lowest point Admission to Union Governor Lieutenant Governor U.S. Senators Flag of Minnesota Seal Nickname(s): North Star State, Land of 10,000 Lakes, The Gopher State Motto(s): L'Étoile du Nord (French: The Star of the North) U.S. House delegation Time zone Abbreviations Website Lake Superior[3] 602 ft (183 m) May 11, 1858 (32nd) Tim Pawlenty (R) Carol Molnau (R) Amy Klobuchar (DFL) Vacant Seat 5 Democrats, 3 Republicans (list) Central: UTC-6/-5 MN Minn. US-MN www.state.mn.us Demonym Capital Largest city Largest metro area Area - Total Width Length % water Latitude Longitude Minnesotan Saint Paul Minneapolis Minneapolis-Saint Paul Ranked 12th in the US 86,943 sq mi (225,181 km²) 250 miles (400 km) 400 miles (645 km) 8.4 43° 30′ N to 49° 23′ N 89° 29′ W to 97° 14′ W Ranked 21st in the US 5,220,393 (2008 est.)[1] 4,919,479 (2000) 65.3/sq mi (25.21/km²) Ranked 31st in the US $55,802[2] (10th[2]) Eagle Mountain[3] 2,301 ft (701 m) 1,198 ft (365 m) Population - Total - Density - Median income Elevation - Highest point - Mean Minnesota ( /mɪnɨˈsoʊtə/ )[4] is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. The twelfth largest state by area in the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with just over five million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities. Nearly sixty percent of Minnesota's residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area known as the Twin Cities, the center of transportation, business, and industry, and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; eastern deciduous forests, also heavily farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods. The large majority of residents are of Nordic or German descent, but ethnic diversity has increased in recent decades. Substantial influxes of African, Asian, and Latin American immigrants have joined the descendants of European immigrants and of the original Native American inhabitants. The state is known for its moderate to progressive politics and social policies, civic involvement, and high voter turnout. Minnesota ranks among the healthiest states and has a well-educated and literate population. Minnesota Minnesota, showing roads and major bodies of water Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba to the north. With 86,943 square miles (225,181 km²) [7], or approximately 2.25% of the United States,[8] Minnesota is the twelfth-largest state.[9] Geology and terrain See also: List of lakes in Minnesota and List of Minnesota rivers Etymology The word Minnesota comes from the Dakota language name for the Minnesota River: Mnisota. The root Mni (also spelled mini or minne) means, "water". Mnisota can be translated as sky-tinted water or somewhat clouded water.[4][5] Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it mnisota.[5] Many locations in the state have similar names, such as Minnehaha Falls ("waterfall"), Minneiska ("white water"), Minnetonka ("big water"), Minnetrista ("crooked water"), and Minneapolis, which is a combination of mni and polis, the Greek word for "city".[6] Geography Minnesota is the northernmost state apart from Alaska; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th Parallel. The state is part of the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest. The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Tilted beds of the Middle Precambrian Thompson Formation in Jay Cooke State Park.[10] Minnesota contains some of the oldest rocks found on earth, gneisses some 3.6 billion years old, or 80% as old as the planet.[11][10] About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean; the remains of this volcanic rock formed the Canadian Shield in northeast 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota.[10][12] The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1.1 billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea which left behind multiple strata of sedimentary rock.[10] In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its current terrain.[10] The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago.[10] These glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. This area is known as the Driftless Zone for its absence of glacial drift.[13] Much of the remainder of the state outside of the northeast has 50 feet (15 m) or more of glacial till left behind as the last glaciers retreated. 13,000 years ago gigantic Lake Agassiz formed in the northwest; the lake's outflow, the glacial River Warren, carved the valley of the Minnesota River, and its bottom created the fertile lands of the Red River valley.[10] Minnesota is geologically quiet today; it experiences earthquakes infrequently, and most of them are minor.[14] Minnesota forming a triple watershed. Precipitation can follow the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico, the St. Lawrence Seaway east to the Atlantic Ocean, or the Hudson Bay watershed to the Arctic Ocean.[16] The state's nickname, The Land of 10,000 Lakes, is no exaggeration; there are 11,842 lakes over 10 acres (.04 km²) in size.[17] The Minnesota portion of Lake Superior is the largest at 962,700 acres (3,896 km²) and deepest (at 1,290 ft (390 m)) body of water in the state.[17] Minnesota has 6,564 natural rivers and streams that cumulatively flow for 69,000 miles (111,000 km).[17] The Mississippi River begins its journey from its headwaters at Lake Itasca and crosses the Iowa border 680 miles (1,094 km) downstream.[17] It is joined by the Minnesota River at Fort Snelling, by the St. Croix River near Hastings, by the Chippewa River at Wabasha, and by many smaller streams. The Red River, in the bed of glacial Lake Agassiz, drains the northwest part of the state northward toward Canada's Hudson Bay. Approximately 10.6 million acres (42,900 km²) of wetlands are contained within Minnesota's borders, the most of any state except Alaska.[18] Flora and fauna A groundhog seen in Minneapolis, along the banks of the Mississippi River Palisade Head on Lake Superior formed from a Precambrian rhyolitic lava flow.[10] The state's high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m), which is only 13 miles (20.9 km) away from the low of 602 feet (183 m) at the shore of Lake Superior.[12][15] Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a gently rolling peneplain.[10] Two continental divides meet in the northeastern part of Minnesota in rural Hibbing, Minnesota has four ecological provinces: Prairie Parkland in the southwestern and western parts of the state, the Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Big Woods) in the southeast, extending in a narrowing strip to the northwestern part of the state, where it transitions into Tallgrass Aspen Parkland, and the northern Laurentian Mixed Forest, a transitional forest between the northern boreal forest and broadleaf forests to the south.[19] These northern forests are a vast 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia wilderness of pine and spruce trees mixed with patchy stands of birch and poplar. Much of Minnesota's northern forest has been logged, leaving only a few patches of old growth forest today in areas such as in the Chippewa National Forest and the Superior National Forest where the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness has some 400,000 acres (1,600 km²) of unlogged land.[20] Although logging continues, regrowth keeps about one third of the state forested.[21] Nearly all of Minnesota's prairies and oak savannas have been destroyed or fragmented because of farming, grazing, logging, and suburban development.[22] While loss of habitat has affected native animals such as the pine marten, elk, woodland caribou, and bison,[23] others like whitetail deer and bobcat thrive. The state has the nation's largest population of timber wolves outside Alaska,[24] and supports healthy populations of black bear and moose. Located on the Mississippi Flyway, Minnesota hosts migratory waterfowl such as geese and ducks, and game birds such as grouse, pheasants, and turkeys. It is home to birds of prey including the bald eagle, red-tailed hawk, and snowy owl. The lakes teem with sport fish such as walleye, bass, muskellunge, and northern pike, and streams in the southeast are populated by brook, brown, and rainbow trout. Minnesota A springtime view of the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities campus Protected lands Climate Minnesota endures temperature extremes characteristic of its continental climate; with cold winters and hot summers. The record high and low span is 174 degrees (from -60 to 114 degrees) Fahrenheit (span of 96C°; from -51°C to 45°C).[25] Meteorological events include rain, snow, blizzards, thunderstorms, hail, derechos, tornadoes, and highvelocity straight-line winds. The growing season varies from 90 days per year in the Iron Range to 160 days in southeast Minnesota near the Mississippi River, and mean average temperatures range from 36 °F (2 °C) to 49 °F (9 °C).[26] Average summer dew points range from about 58 °F (14.4 °C) in the south to about 48 °F (8.9 °C) in the north.[26][27] Depending on location, average annual precipitation ranges from 19 in (48.3 cm) to 35 in (88.9 cm), and droughts occur every 10 to 50 years.[26] Pose Lake in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Minnesota's first state park, Itasca State Park, was established in 1891, and is the source of the Mississippi River.[28] Today Minnesota has 72 state parks and recreation areas, 58 state forests covering about four million acres (16,000 km²), and numerous state wildlife preserves, all managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. There are 5.5 million acres (22,000 km²) in the Chippewa and Superior National Forests. 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Superior National Forest in the northeast contains the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, which encompasses over a million acres (4,000 km²) and a thousand lakes. To its west is Voyageurs National Park. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MNRRA), is a 72 miles (116 km) long corridor along the Mississippi River through the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area connecting a variety of sites of historic, cultural, and geologic interest.[29] Minnesota soldiers built a grist mill and a sawmill at Saint Anthony Falls, the first of the waterpowered industries around which the city of Minneapolis later grew. Meanwhile, squatters, government officials, and tourists had settled near the fort. In 1839, the Army forced them to move downriver, and they settled in the area that became St. Paul.[33] Minnesota Territory was formed on March 3, 1849. Thousands of people had come to build farms and cut timber, and Minnesota became the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858. History Map of Minnesota Territory 1849–1858 Before European settlement, Minnesota was populated by the Anishinaabe, the Dakota, and other Native Americans. The first Europeans were French fur traders that arrived in the 1600s. Late that century, Ojibwe Indians migrated westward to Minnesota, causing tensions with the Sioux.[30] Explorers such as Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, Father Louis Hennepin, Jonathan Carver, Henry Schoolcraft, and Joseph Nicollet, among others, mapped out the state. The portion of the state east of the Mississippi River became a part of the United States at the end of the American Revolutionary War, when the Second Treaty of Paris was signed. Land west of the Mississippi River was acquired with the Louisiana Purchase, although a portion of the Red River Valley was disputed until the Treaty of 1818.[31] In 1805, Zebulon Pike bargained with Native Americans to acquire land at the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers. The construction of Fort Snelling followed between 1819 and 1825.[32] Its Fort Snelling played a pivotal role in Minnesota's history and in the development of the cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. Treaties between whites and the Dakota and Ojibwe gradually forced the natives off their lands and on to smaller reservations. As conditions deteriorated for the Dakota, tensions rose, leading to the Dakota War of 1862. The result of the six-week war was the execution of 38 Dakota—the largest mass execution in United States history — and the exile of most of the rest of the Dakota to the Crow Creek Reservation in Nebraska.[31] Logging and farming were mainstays of Minnesota's early economy. The sawmills at Saint Anthony Falls, and logging centers like Marine on St. Croix, Stillwater, and Winona, processed high volumes of lumber. These 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota 1935. New Deal programs provided some economic turnaround. The Civilian Conservation Corps and other programs around the state established some jobs for Indians on their reservations, and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 provided the tribes with a mechanism of self-government. This provided natives a greater voice within the state, and promoted more respect for tribal customs because religious ceremonies and native languages were no longer suppressed.[32] After World War II, industrial development quickened. New technology increased farm productivity through automation of feedlots for hogs and cattle, machine milking at dairy farms, and raising chickens in large buildings. Planting became more specialized with hybridization of corn and wheat, and the use of farm machinery such as tractors and combines became the norm. University of Minnesota professor Norman Borlaug contributed to these developments as part of the Green Revolution.[32] Suburban development accelerated due to increased postwar housing demand and convenient transportation. Increased mobility, in turn, enabled more specialized jobs.[32] Minnesota became a center of technology after the war. Engineering Research Associates was formed in 1946 to develop computers for the United States Navy. It later merged with Remington Rand, and then became Sperry Rand. William Norris left Sperry in 1957 to form Control Data Corporation (CDC).[36] Cray Research was formed when Seymour Cray left CDC to form his own company. Medical device maker Medtronic also started business in the Twin Cities in 1949. Phelps Mill in Otter Tail County cities were situated on rivers that were ideal for transportation.[31] Later, Saint Anthony Falls was tapped to provide power for flour mills. Innovations by Minneapolis millers led to the production of Minnesota "patent" flour, which commanded almost double the price of "bakers" or "clear" flour, which it replaced.[34] By 1900, Minnesota mills, led by Pillsbury and the Washburn-Crosby Company (a forerunner of General Mills), were grinding 14.1% of the nation's grain.[35] The state's iron-mining industry was established with the discovery of iron in the Vermilion Range and the Mesabi Range in the 1880s, and in the Cuyuna Range in the early 1900s. The ore was shipped by rail to Duluth and Two Harbors, then loaded onto ships and transported eastward over the Great Lakes.[31] Industrial development and the rise of manufacturing caused the population to shift gradually from rural areas to cities during the early 1900s. Nevertheless, farming remained prevalent. Minnesota's economy was hard-hit by the Great Depression, resulting in lower prices for farmers, layoffs among iron miners, and labor unrest. Compounding the adversity, western Minnesota and the Dakotas were hit by drought from 1931 to Cities and towns See also: List of cities in Minnesota and List of townships in Minnesota National Farmers Bank in Owatonna by Louis Sullivan 6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Saint Paul, located in east-central Minnesota along the banks of the Mississippi River, has been Minnesota's capital city since 1849, first as capital of the Territory of Minnesota, and then as state capital since 1858. Saint Paul is adjacent to Minnesota's most populous city, Minneapolis; they and their suburbs are known collectively as the Twin Cities metropolitan area, the thirteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States and home to about 60% of the state's population (April 2005).[37][38] The remainder of the state is known as "Greater Minnesota" or "Outstate Minnesota". Minneapolis and Saint Paul are the only cities in Minnesota with over 100,000 inhabitants. The state also has fifteen cities with populations above 50,000 but below 100,000 (based on 2005 estimates). In descending order of size they are Rochester, Duluth, Bloomington, Plymouth, Brooklyn Park, Eagan, Coon Rapids, St. Cloud, Burnsville, Eden Prairie, Maple Grove, Woodbury, Blaine, Lakeville, and Minnetonka.[38] Of these listed, only Rochester, Duluth, and St. Cloud are outside the Twin Cities metropolitan area. Minnesota's population continues to grow, primarily in the urban centers. The populations of metropolitan Sherburne and Scott Counties doubled between 1980 and 2000, while 40 of the state's 87 counties lost residents over the same decades.[39] Minnesota A map of Minnesota's population density. Ancestry Over 75% of Minnesota's residents are of Western European descent, with the largest reported ancestries being German (38%), Norwegian (17%), Irish (12%), and Swedish (10%).[43] As of 2006, 6.6% of residents were foreign-born, compared to 12.5% for the nation.[44] The state has had the reputation of being relatively homogeneous, but that is changing. The Hispanic population of Minnesota is increasing rapidly,[45] and recent immigrants have come from all over the world, including Hmong,[46] Somalis, Vietnamese, South Asians, and emigrants from the former Soviet bloc. The state's racial composition in 2006 was:[47] • 87.3% White (non-Hispanic); • 4.4% Black (non-Hispanic); • 3.8% Hispanic, a category that includes people of many races; • 3.4% Asian/Pacific Islander; • 1% Native American/Alaskan Native; • 1.6% mixed race; • 1.6% other races. Demographics Population From fewer than 6,100 people in 1850, Minnesota's population grew to over 1.75 million by 1900. Each of the next six decades saw a 15% rise in population, reaching 3.41 million in 1960. Growth then slowed, rising 11% to 3.8 million in 1970, and an average of 9% over the next three decades to 4.91 million in the 2000 census.[39] As of July 1, 2007, the state's population was estimated at [40] The 5,197,621 by the U.S. Census Bureau. rate of population change, and age and gender distributions, approximate the national average. Minnesota's growing minority groups, however, still form a significantly smaller proportion of the population than in the nation as a whole.[41] The center of population of Minnesota is located in Hennepin County, in the city of Rogers.[42] Religion Although Christianity is dominant, there is a long history of non-Christian faith. Ashkenazi Jewish pioneers set up Saint Paul's first synagogue in 1856,[32] and there are now appreciable numbers of adherents to Islam, Buddhism, and other traditions. The majority 7 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota top 1,000 publicly traded companies (by revenue in 2008) are headquartered in Minnesota,[52] including Target, UnitedHealth Group, 3M, Medtronic, General Mills, U.S. Bancorp, and Best Buy. The largest privately owned U.S. company, Cargill, is [53] headquartered in Minnetonka. Minnesota's state budget is currently facing a $935 million deficit.[54][55] The per capita income in 2005 was $37,290, the tenth-highest in the nation.[56] The three-year median household income from 2002 to 2004 was $55,914, ranking fifth in the U.S. and first among the 36 states not on the Atlantic coast.[57] White families earned more income than the national average but among the population under age 18, more than 20% of Asians and Hispanics, more than 40% of African Americans and more than 40% of Native American females in Minnesota lived in poverty.[58] Industry and commerce The French Renaissance style Cathedral of St. Paul in the city of St. Paul. of Minnesotans are Protestants, though Roman Catholics make up the largest single Christian denomination. A 2008 survey by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life showed that 32% of Minnesotans were affiliated with Protestant traditions, 21% with Evangelical Protestants, 28% with Roman Catholic, 1% each with Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist, and Black Protestant traditions, smaller amounts for other faiths, and 13% unaffiliated.[48] This is broadly consistent with the results of the 2001 American Religious Identification Survey, which also gives detail on percentages of many individual denominations.[49] Minnesota's earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture; the city of Minneapolis grew around the flour mills powered by St. Anthony Falls. Although less than 1% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector,[59] it remains a major part of the state's economy, ranking 6th in the nation in the value of products sold.[60] The state is the U.S.'s largest producer of sugar beets, sweet corn, and green peas for processing, and farm-raised turkeys.[61] Forestry remains strong, including logging, pulpwood processing and paper production, and forest products manufacturing. Minnesota was famous for its soft-ore mines, which produced a significant portion of the world's iron ore for over a century. Although the high-grade ore is now depleted, taconite mining continues, using processes developed locally to save the industry. In 2004, the state produced 75% of the country's usable iron ore.[61] The mining boom created the port of Duluth which continues to be important for shipping ore, coal, and agricultural products. The manufacturing sector now includes technology and biomedical firms in addition to the older food processors and heavy industry. The nation's first indoor shopping mall was Edina's Southdale Center and its largest is Bloomington's Mall of America. Economy Once primarily a producer of raw materials, Minnesota's economy has transformed in the last 200 years to emphasize finished products and services. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of the economy is its diversity; the relative outputs of its business sectors closely match the United States as a whole.[50] The economy of Minnesota had a gross domestic product of $234 billion in 2005.[51] Thirty-three of the United States' 8 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota State taxes Minnesota has a slightly progressive income tax structure; the three brackets of state income tax rates are 5.35%, 7.05% and 7.85%.[66] Minnesota is ranked as the 6th highest in the nation for per capita total state taxes.[67] The sales tax in Minnesota is 6.5%, but there is no sales tax on clothing, prescription medications, some services, or food items for home consumption.[68] The state legislature may allow municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as the 0.5% supplemental sales tax in Minneapolis.[69] Excise taxes are levied on alcohol, tobacco, and motor fuel. The state imposes a use tax on items purchased elsewhere but used within Minnesota.[68] Owners of real property in Minnesota pay property tax to their county, municipality, school district, and special taxing districts. Culture Fine and performing arts The IDS Tower, designed by Philip Johnson and the state's tallest building, reflecting César Pelli's Art Deco-style Wells Fargo Center Minnesota is one of 42 U.S. states with its own lottery; its games include Powerball, Hot Lotto (both multi-state), and Gopher 5. Energy use and production The state produces ethanol fuel and is the first to mandate its use, a 10% mix (E10),[62] and a 20% mix (E20) in 2013.[63] There are more than 310 service stations supplying E85 fuel.[64] A 2% biodiesel blend has been required in diesel fuel since 2005. As of December 2006 the state was the country's fourthlargest producer of wind power, with 895 megawatts installed and another 200 megawatts planned, much of it on the windy Buffalo Ridge in the southwest part of the state.[65] The Minneapolis Institute of Arts' Beaux-Arts north facade, designed by McKim, Mead, and White. Minnesota's major fine art museums include the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, the Walker Art Center, and the Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum. The Minnesota Orchestra and the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra are prominent full-time professional musical ensembles that perform concerts and offer educational programs to the community. Attendance at theatrical, musical, and comedy events in the area is strong. The Guthrie Theater moved into a new building in 2006, boasting three stages and overlooking the Mississippi River. In the United States, the Twin Cities' number of theater seats per 9 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia capita ranks behind only New York City;[70] with some 2.3 million theater tickets sold annually.[71] The Minnesota Fringe Festival is an annual celebration of theatre, dance, improvisation, puppetry, kids' shows, visual art, and musicals. The summer festival consists of over 800 performances over 11 days in Minneapolis, and is the largest non-juried performing arts festival in the United States.[72] Minnesota delivered in the accent of Scandinavian Americans. Garrison Keillor is known around the country for resurrecting old-style radio comedy with A Prairie Home Companion, which has aired since the 1970s.[12] Local television had the satirical show The Bedtime Nooz in the 1960s, while area natives Lizz Winstead and Craig Kilborn helped create the increasingly influential Daily Show decades later. Actors from the state include Eddie Albert, Judy Garland, Jessica Lange, Winona Ryder. Joel and Ethan Coen, Terry Gilliam and Mike Todd contributed to the art of film, and others brought the offbeat cult shows Mystery Science Theater 3000 and Let's Bowl to national cable from the Twin Cities. Literature The rigors and rewards of pioneer life on the prairie were the subject of Giants in the Earth by Ole Rolvaag and of the Little House series of children's books by Laura Ingalls Wilder. Small-town life was attacked by Sinclair Lewis in the novel Main Street, and more gently and affectionately satirized by Garrison Keillor in his tales of Lake Wobegon. St. Paul native F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote of the social insecurities and aspirations of the young city in stories such as Winter Dreams and The Ice Palace (published in Flappers and Philosophers). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's famous epic poem The Song of Hiawatha was inspired by Minnesota and many places and bodies of water in the state are named in the poem. Popular culture Entertainment First Avenue nightclub, the heart of Minnesota's music community.[12] Minnesotan musicians of many genres include soul star Prince, harmony singers The Andrews Sisters, rockabilly star Eddie Cochran, folk musician Bob Dylan, garage rock band The Castaways, pop songwriters Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, indie rock artists Jonny Lang and Soul Asylum, and cult favorites such as Hüsker Dü, Motion City Soundtrack and The Replacements. Minnesotans have made significant contributions to comedy, theater, and film. Ole and Lena jokes are best appreciated when A youth fiddle performance at the Minnesota State Fair. Stereotypical Minnesotan traits include manners known as "Minnesota nice," Lutheranism, a strong sense of community and shared culture, and their distinctive brand of North Central American English sprinkled with Scandinavian-sounding words such as uff da. Potlucks, usually with a variety of hotdish casseroles, are popular at community functions, especially church activities. 10 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota's Scandinavian heritage makes lutefisk a traditional holiday dish. Movies like Fargo, Drop Dead Gorgeous, New in Town, Grumpy Old Men and Grumpier Old Men, the radio show A Prairie Home Companion and the book How to Talk Minnesotan lampoon (and celebrate) Minnesotan culture, speech and mannerisms. The Minnesota State Fair, advertised as The Great Minnesota Get-Together, is an icon of state culture. In a state of 5.1 million people, there were nearly 1.7 million visitors to the fair in 2006.[73] The fair covers the variety of life in Minnesota, including fine art, science, agriculture, food preparation, 4H displays, music, the midway, and corporate merchandising. It is known for its displays of seed art, butter sculptures of dairy princesses, the birthing barn, and the "fattest pig" competition. One can also find dozens of varieties of food on a stick, such as Pronto Pups, cheese curds, and deep fried candy bars. On a smaller scale, many of these attractions are offered at numerous county fairs. Other large annual festivals include the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, Minneapolis' Aquatennial and Mill City Music Festival, the Minnesota Renaissance Festival in Shakopee, Moondance Jam in Walker, and Detroit Lakes' 10,000 Lakes Festival, the Judy Garland Festival in Grand Rapids, Festival in the Park in Kasson, and WE Fest. Minnesota Bureau, 91% of Minnesotans have health insurance, more than in any other state.[78] These and other measures have led two groups to rank Minnesota as the fourthhealthiest state in the nation.[79][80] On October 1, 2007 Minnesota became the seventeenth state to enact a statewide smoking ban in restaurants and bars with the enactment of Freedom to Breathe Act.[81] Medical care is provided by a comprehensive network of hospitals and clinics, headed by two institutions with international reputations. The University of Minnesota Medical School is a highly rated teaching institution that has made a number of breakthroughs in treatment, and its research activities contribute significantly to the state's growing biotechnology industry.[82] The Mayo Clinic, a world-renowned medical practice, is based in Rochester. Mayo and the University are partners in the Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics, a state-funded program that conducts research into cancer, Alzheimer's disease, heart health, obesity, and other areas.[83] In March 2008, The American State Litter Scorecard, presented at the American Society for Public Administration national conference, rated Minnesota along with Vermont as topmost Best states for litter/debris removals from public properties (roadways, streams, trails), resulting in an overall healthy environmental quality status.[84] Health Education See also: List of colleges and universities in Minnesota, List of high schools in Minnesota, and List of school districts in Minnesota One of the first acts of the Minnesota Legislature when it opened in 1858 was the creation of a normal school at Winona. More recently, the state ranked 13th on the 2006–2007 Morgan Quitno Smartest State Award, and is first in the percentage of residents with at least a high school diploma.[85][86] More than 90% of high school seniors graduated in 2006, but about 6% of white, 28% of African American, 30% of Asian American and more than 34% of Hispanic and Native American students dropped out of school.[58] Minnesota students earn the highest average score in the nation on the ACT exam.[87] While Minnesota has chosen The Mayo Clinic in Rochester. The people of Minnesota have a high rate of participation in outdoor activities; the state is ranked first in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise.[74] Minnesotans have the nation's lowest premature death rate, third-lowest infant mortality rate,[75][76] and the second-longest life expectancies.[77] According to the U.S. Census 11 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota metropolitan area, and I-90 going east-west along the southern edge of the state.[91] In 2006, a constitutional amendment was passed that required sales and use taxes on motor vehicles to fund transportation, with at least 40% dedicated to public transit.[92] There are nearly two dozen rail corridors in Minnesota, most of which go through Minneapolis-St. Paul or Duluth.[93] There is water transportation along the Mississippi River system and from the ports of Lake Superior.[94] The Richardsonian Romanesque Pillsbury Hall (1889) is one of the oldest buildings on the University of Minnesota Minneapolis campus. not to implement school vouchers,[88] it is home to the first charter school.[89] The state supports a network of public universities and colleges, currently 32 institutions in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System, and five major campuses of the University of Minnesota. It is also home to more than 20 private colleges and universities, six of which rank among the top 100 liberal arts colleges, according to U.S. News and World Report, the highest being Carleton College which is located in Northfield, MN.[90] A Hiawatha Line vehicle in Minneapolis Minnesota's principal airport is Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP), the headquarters and major passenger and freight hub for Northwest Airlines and Sun Country Airlines. Most other domestic carriers serve the airport. Large commercial jet service is provided at Duluth and Rochester, with scheduled commuter service to six smaller cities via Northwest Airlines subsidiary Mesaba Airlines.[95][96] Amtrak's daily Empire Builder (ChicagoSeattle) train runs through Minnesota, calling at Midway Station in St. Paul and five other stations.[97] Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound, Jefferson Lines, and Coach USA. Local public transit is provided by bus networks in the larger cities and by the Hiawatha Line electrified light rail service linking downtown Minneapolis with the Airport and Bloomington. Transportation The Aerial Lift Bridge at Duluth Transportation in Minnesota is overseen by the Minnesota Department of Transportation. Principal transportation corridors radiate from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area and Duluth. The major Interstate highways are I-35, I-90, and I-94, with I-35 and I-94 passing through the Minneapolis-St. Paul Law and government As with the federal government of the United States, power in Minnesota is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.[98] 12 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota 272 district court judges in ten judicial districts. Appeals from the trial courts and challenges to certain governmental decisions are heard by the Minnesota Court of Appeals, consisting of sixteen judges who typically sit in three-judge panels. The seven-justice Minnesota Supreme Court hears all appeals from the Tax Court, the Worker's Compensation Court, first-degree murder convictions, and discretionary appeals from the Court of Appeals; it also has original jurisdiction over election disputes.[102] Two specialized courts within administrative agencies have been established: the Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals, and the Tax Court, which deals with noncriminal tax cases. Executive See also: List of Governors of Minnesota and Minnesota gubernatorial election, 2006 The executive branch is headed by the governor. The current governor is Tim Pawlenty, a Republican whose first term began on January 6, 2003 and who was narrowly re-elected in 2006. The current Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota is Carol Molnau, who was also the head of the Minnesota Department of Transportation until the Senate refused to confirm her appointment in February 2008.[99] The offices of governor and lieutenant governor have four-year terms. The governor has a cabinet consisting of the leaders of various state government agencies, called commissioners. The other elected constitutional offices are secretary of state, attorney general, and state auditor. Regional Below the city and county levels of government found in the United States, Minnesota has other entities that provide governmental oversight and planning. Some actions in the Twin Cities metropolitan area are coordinated by the Metropolitan Council, and many lakes and rivers are overseen by watershed districts and soil and water conservation districts. There are seven Anishinaabe reservations and four Dakota communities in Minnesota. These communities are self-governing.[103] The Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul, designed by Cass Gilbert. Federal See also: Minnesota United States Senate election, 2006 and United States House elections, 2006#Minnesota Minnesota currently has only one United States senator, Democrat Amy Klobuchar. The outcome of the United States Senate election in Minnesota, 2008 is contested.[104] The state has eight congressional districts; they are represented by Tim Walz (1st district), John Kline (2nd), Erik Paulsen (3rd), Betty McCollum (4th), Keith Ellison (5th), Michele Bachmann (6th), Collin Peterson (7th), and James Oberstar (8th). Federal court cases are heard in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota, which holds court in Minneapolis, St. Paul, Duluth, and Fergus Falls. Appeals are heard by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals based in St. Louis, Missouri and St. Paul. Legislative The Minnesota Legislature is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The state has sixty-seven districts, each covering about sixty thousand people. Each district has one senator and two representatives (each district being divided into A and B sections). Senators serve for four years and representatives for two years. In the November 2008 election, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) gained two more house seats, giving them control of the House of Representatives by 87-47.[100] The Senate is also controlled by the DFL with a veto-proof majority of 47-21.[101]. Judicial Minnesota's court system has three levels. Most cases start in the district courts, which are courts of general jurisdiction. There are 13 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota actually a separate party, officially known as the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). Formed out of a 1944 alliance of the Minnesota Democratic and Farmer-Labor parties, the DFL now serves as a de-facto proxy to the federal Democratic Party, and its distinction from the Democratic Party, while still official, is now a functional technicality. The state has had active third party movements. The Reform Party, now the Independence Party, was able to elect former mayor of Brooklyn Park and professional wrestler Jesse Ventura to the governorship in 1998. The Independence Party has received enough support to keep major party status. The Green Party, while no longer having major party status, has a large presence in municipal government,[109] notably in Minneapolis and Duluth, where it competes directly with the DFL party for local offices. Official "Major party" status in Minnesota (which grants state funding for elections) is reserved to parties, which receive 5% or more of the state's general vote in the U.S. Presidential election. Status is revised every four years. The state's U.S. Senate seats have generally been split since the early 1990s, and in the 108th and 109th Congresses, Minnesota's congressional delegation was split, with four representatives and one senator from each party. In the 2006 midterm election, Democrats were elected to all state offices except for governor and lieutenant governor, where Republicans Tim Pawlenty and Carol Molnau narrowly won re-election. The DFL also posted double-digit gains in both houses of the legislature, elected Amy Klobuchar to the U.S. Senate, and increased the party's U.S. House caucus by one. Keith Ellison (DFL) was elected as the first African American U.S. Representative from Minnesota as well as the first Muslim elected to Congress nationwide.[110] See also: List of political parties in Minnesota, United States Congressional Delegations from Minnesota, Minnesota Congressional Districts, and Political party strength in Minnesota Politics Hubert H. Humphrey Minnesota is known for a politically active citizenry, and populism has been a longstanding force among the state's political parties.[105][106] Minnesota has a consistently high voter turnout, due in part to its liberal voter registration laws, with virtually no evidence of voter fraud.[107] In the 2008 U.S. presidential election, 77.9% of eligible Minnesotans voted—the highest percentage of any U.S. state—versus the national average of 61.2%.[108] Previously unregistered voters can register on election day at their polls with evidence of residency. Hubert Humphrey brought national attention to the state with his address at the 1948 Democratic National Convention. Eugene McCarthy's anti-war stance and popularity in the 1968 New Hampshire Primary likely convinced Lyndon B. Johnson to drop out of the presidential election. Minnesotans have consistently cast their Electoral College votes for Democratic presidential candidates since 1976, longer than any other state. Minnesota is the only state in the nation that did not vote for Ronald Reagan in either of his presidential runs. Both the Democratic and Republican parties have major party status in Minnesota, but its state-level "Democratic" party is Media The Twin Cities area is the fifteenth largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research. The state's other top markets are Fargo-Moorhead (118th nationally), Duluth-Superior (137th), Rochester- 14 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota radio stations in the United States. The University of Minnesota-owned station is still on the air, and since 1993 broadcasts a college rock format. Sports and recreation Organized sports KSTP Transmitter Station Mason City-Austin (152nd), and Mankato (200th).[111] Broadcast television in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest started on April 27, 1948, when KSTP-TV began broadcasting.[112] Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation, which owns KSTP, is now the only locally owned television company in Minnesota. There are currently 39 analog broadcast stations and 23 digital channels broadcast over Minnesota. The four largest daily newspapers are the Star Tribune in Minneapolis, the Pioneer Press in Saint Paul, the Duluth News Tribune in Duluth and The Minnesota Daily, the largest student-run newspaper in the U.S.[113] Sites offering daily news on the Web include MinnPost, the Twin Cities Daily Planet, business news site Finance and Commerce (web site) and Washington D.C.-based Minnesota Independent. Weeklies including City Pages and monthly publications such as Minnesota Monthly are also available. Two of the largest public radio networks, Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) and Public Radio International (PRI), are based in the state. MPR has the largest audience of any regional public radio network in the nation, broadcasting on 37 radio stations.[114] PRI weekly provides more than 400 hours of programming to almost 800 affiliates.[115] The state's oldest radio station, KUOM-AM, was launched in 1922 and is among the 10 oldest A faceoff between the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux and the Saint Cloud State University Huskies during the WCHA Final Five at the Xcel Energy Center. Minnesota has professional men's teams in all major sports. The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome is home to the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League, and to the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball, winners of the 1987 and 1991 World Series. Target Field is currently being constructed on the west side of downtown Minneapolis, which will be the home of the Minnesota Twins once completed. The Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association play in the Target Center. The National Hockey League's Minnesota Wild team reached 300 consecutive sold-out games in St. Paul's Xcel Energy Center on January 16, 2008.[116] The Minnesota Thunder plays professional soccer in the USL First Division, the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid; it plays at the National Sports Center in Blaine. Minor league baseball is represented both by major league-sponsored teams and independent teams such as the popular St. Paul Saints. Professional women's sports include the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association, the Minnesota Lightning of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, 15 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia the Minnesota Vixen of the Independent Women's Football League, and the Minnesota Whitecaps of the National Women's Hockey League. The Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I school, with sports teams competing in either the Big Ten Conference or the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. Four additional schools in the state compete in NCAA Division I ice hockey: the University of Minnesota Duluth, St. Cloud State University, Bemidji State University, and Minnesota State University Mankato. There are nine NCAA Division II colleges represented by the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference in Minnesota, and nineteen NCAA Division III colleges represented by the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and Upper Midwest Athletic Conference.[117][118] Winter Olympic Games medallists from the state include eleven of the twenty members of the gold medal 1980 ice hockey team (coached by Minnesota native Herb Brooks) and the bronze medallist U.S. men's curling team in the 2006 Winter Olympics. Swimmer Tom Malchow won an Olympic gold medal in the 2000 Summer games and a silver medal in 1996. Grandma's Marathon is run every summer along the scenic North Shore of Lake Superior, and the Twin Cities Marathon winds around lakes and the Mississippi River during the peak of the fall color season. Minnesota attributed to the popularity of these pursuits.[120] In the warmer months, these activities often involve water. Weekend and longer trips to family cabins on Minnesota's numerous lakes are a way of life for many residents. Activities include water sports such as water skiing, which originated in the state,[121] boating, canoeing, and fishing. More than 36% of Minnesotans fish, second only to Alaska.[122] Fishing does not cease when the lakes freeze; ice fishing has been around since the arrival of early Scandinavian immigrants.[123] Minnesotans have learned to embrace their long, harsh winters in ice sports such as skating, hockey, curling, and broomball, and snow sports such as cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, snowshoeing, and snowmobiling.[124] State and national forests and the seventytwo state parks are used year-round for hunting, camping, and hiking. There are almost 20,000 miles (32,000 km) of snowmobile trails statewide.[125] Minnesota has more miles of bike trails than any other state,[126] and a growing network of hiking trails, including the 235-mile (378 km) Superior Hiking Trail in the northeast.[127] Many hiking and bike trails are used for cross-country skiing during the winter. State symbols Outdoor recreation Fishing in Lake Calhoun in Minneapolis. Minnesotans participate in high levels of physical activity,[119] and many of these activities are outdoors. The strong interest of Minnesotans in environmentalism has been The Common Loon's distinctive cry is heard during the summer months in the northern part of the state, and on occasion the loon can be found as far south as the lakes of Minneapolis.[128] Minnesota's state symbols:[129] • State bird: Common Loon • State butterfly: Monarch • State drink: Milk 16 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • • • • • • • • • • • • State fish: Walleye State flower: Pink and white lady slipper State fruit: Honeycrisp apple State gemstone: Lake Superior agate State grain: Wild rice State motto: L'Étoile du Nord ("The Star of the North") State muffin: Blueberry State mushroom: Morel State photograph: Grace State song: "Hail! Minnesota" State tree: Red Pine also known as Norway Pine Nicknames: • "Land of 10,000 Lakes" • "North Star State" • "Gopher State" • "Land of Sky-Blue Waters" • "Bread and Butter State" Minnesota See also • References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Waterway.cfm?PlaceNameID=2002&BookCodeID=9 Retrieved on 2008-04-26. [7] "just the facts". http://www.state.mn.us/ portal/mn/jsp/ content.do?id=-8542&subchannel=null&sc2=null&s [8] "Facts and figures". infoplease.com. 2007. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/ A0859662.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. [9] "Land and Water Area of States, 2000". Information Please. 2007. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/ A0108355.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. [10] ^ Ojakangas, Richard W.; Charles L. Matsch (1982). Minnesota's Geology. Illus. Dan Breedy. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-0953-5. [11] "Geologic Time: Age of the Earth". United States Geological Survey. October 9, 1997. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ gip/geotime/age.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. [12] ^ Breining, Greg (December 2005). Compass American Guides: Minnesota, "Annual Estimates of the Resident 3rd Edition (3rd ed.). Compass American Population for the United States, Guides. ISBN 1-4000-1484-0. Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, [13] "Natural history - Minnesota's geology". 2000 to July 1, 2008". United States Minnesota DNR. 2008. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/ http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/ popest/states/tables/NSTnaturalhistory.html. Retrieved on EST2008-01.csv. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. 2009-01-31. [14] "Table Showing Minnesota ^ Median Household Income, from U.S. Earthquakes". University of Minnesota, Census Bureau (from 2007 American Morris. http://www.mrs.umn.edu/ Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau. earthquakes/MNeqchart.html. Retrieved Retrieved 2009-04-09. on 2008-04-09. ^ "Elevations and Distances in the [15] "118 km SW of Thunder Bay, Ontario, United States". U.S Geological Survey. Canada". Topographic map. U.S.G.S via 2005. http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/ terraserver.microsoft.com. 1964-07-01. booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest. http://terraserver-usa.com/ Retrieved on 2006-11-06. map.aspx?t=2&s=16&lon=-90.56700164&lat=47.79 ^ Minnesota. Dictionary.com. The Retrieved on 2008-04-09. American Heritage Dictionary of the [16] "Continental Divides in North Dakota English Language, Fourth Edition. and North America". National Atlas. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 2007-10-02. http://nationalatlas.gov/ Retrieved on 2008-04-26. articles/geology/a_continentalDiv.html. ^ "Minnesota State". Minnesota Retrieved on 2008-04-09. Historical Society. [17] ^ "Lakes, rivers & wetlands". MN Facts. http://mnplaces.mnhs.org/upham/ Minnesota DNR. 2003. otheritem.cfm?PlaceNameID=2007&BookCodeID=67&County=0&SendingPage=Results.cfm. http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/faq/mnfacts/ Retrieved on 2008-04-26. water.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-09. "Minnehaha Creek". Minnesota [18] Seeley, Mark (2006). Minnesota Weather Historical Society. Almanac. Minnesota Historical Society http://mnplaces.mnhs.org/upham/ press. ISBN 0-87351-554-4. 17 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [19] Ecological Provinces, Ecological Classification System, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (1999). Retrieved on 2008-05-03. [20] Heinselman, Miron (1996). The Boundary Waters Wilderness Ecosystem. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-2805-X. [21] Bewer, Tim (2004). Moon Handbooks Minnesota (First edition ed.). Avalon Travel Publishing. ISBN 1-56691-482-5. [22] "Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition (NA0415)". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. 2001. http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/ profiles/terrestrial/na/na0415_full.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-14. [23] Bison disappeared in the mid 1800s; the last bison was reported in southwest Minnesota in 1879. Moyle, J. B. (1965). Big Game in Minnesota, Technical Bulletin, no. 9. Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Game and Fish, Section of Research and Planning. pp. 172. As referenced in Anfinson, Scott F. (1997). Southwestern Minnesota Archaeology. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 20. ISBN 0-87351-355-X. [24] Gray Wolf Factsheet, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (January 2007). Retrieved on 2008-05-03. [25] "Minnesota climate extremes". University of Minnesota. http://climate.umn.edu/doc/historical/ extremes.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. [26] ^ "Climate of Minnesota" (PDF). National Weather Service Forecast Office. http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/ climatenormals/clim60/states/ Clim_MN_01.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. [27] "104 Years of Twin Cities Dew Point Temperature Records: 1902–2006". Minnesota Climatology Office. March 7, 2006. http://climate.umn.edu/doc/ twin_cities/mspdewpoint.htm. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. [28] "Itasca State Park". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/ itasca/narrative.html. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. [29] "Places To Go". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/ Minnesota placestogo.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. [30] "TimePieces". Minnesota Historical Society. http://events.mnhs.org/ TimePieces/timeline.cfm. Retrieved on 2006-09-19. [31] ^ Lass, William E. (1998) [1977]. Minnesota: A History (2nd ed.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04628-1. [32] ^ Gilman, Rhoda R. (1991-07-01). The Story of Minnesota's Past. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87351-267-7. [33] "Historic Fort Snelling". Minnesota Historical Society Press. http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/hfs/ history.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. [34] Hazen, Theodore R.. "New Process Milling of 1850–70". Pond Lily Mill Restorations. http://www.angelfire.com/ journal/millrestoration/newprocess.html. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. [35] Danbom, David B. (Spring 2003). "Flour Power: The Significance of Flour Milling at the Falls". Minnesota History 58 (5): 271–285. [36] "Engineering Research Associates Records 1946–1959". Hagley Museum and Library. http://www.hagley.lib.de.us/ 2015.htm. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. [37] "Population in Metropolitan Statistical Areas Ranked by 2000 Census" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/ cen2000/phc-t29/tab03a.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [38] ^ "Population Estimates". Minnesota Demographic Center. http://www.demography.state.mn.us/ estimates.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [39] ^ "Environmental Information Report, App. D Socioeconomic Information" (PDF). Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 2003-05-30. http://www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/ reports/eir-appendix-e.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [40] "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (NST-EST2007-01)". Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. December 27, 2007. http://www.census.gov/popest/states/ 18 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota NST-ann-est.html. Retrieved on [50] "Environmental Information Report, App. 2008-02-12. D Socioeconomic Information" (PDF). [41] "Minnesota QuickFacts from the US 2003-05-30. http://www.pca.state.mn.us/ Census Bureau". publications/reports/eir-appendix-e.pdf. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/ Retrieved on 2006-11-19. 27000.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. [51] "Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by [42] "statecenters". U.S. Census Bureau. State". U.S. Bureau of Economic 2000. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ Analysis. 2006-10-26. cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved on http://www.bea.gov/bea/newsrel/ 2006-11-21. GSPNewsRelease.htm. Retrieved on [43] "Minnesota". U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-11-13. American Community Survey. 2006. [52] "FORTUNE 500 2006: States". CNN http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ Money. http://money.cnn.com/ ADPTable?_bm=y&magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/ geo_id=04000US27&states/MN.html. Retrieved on qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_DP2&2009-03-25. ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. (2008). "Largest US Private Cos. [53] Forbes Retrieved on 2008-04-28. 2008". http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/ [44] "Minnesota". U.S. Census Bureau, 21/privates08_Cargill_5ZUZ.html. American Community Survey. 2006. Retrieved on 2009-01-25. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ [54] Debt now, debt later: Minnesota's ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=&_cityTown=&_state=0 declining economy wreaks havoc on state Retrieved on 2008-04-28. budget [45] "Minnesota Population Projections by [55] State faces 935 million questions on Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). deficit Minnesota Department of [56] "Regional Economic Accounts". U.S. Administration. 2004. Bureau of Economic Analysis. http://www.demography.state.mn.us/ http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/ DownloadFiles/ bearfacts/ PopulationProjectionsRaceHispanicOrigin.pdf. stateaction.cfm?fips=27000&yearin=2005. Retrieved on 2006-08-14. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. [46] "Modern Language Ass'n List of Hmong [57] "United States and States - R2001. Language speakers by State using 2000 Median Household Income". U.S. Census census data". Modern Language Bureau. http://www.census.gov/hhes/ Association. 2004. http://www.mla.org/ www/income/income04/statemhi.html. map_data_states&lang_id=722&mode=lang_tops. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Retrieved on 2007-03-28. [58] ^ "Status of Girls in Minnesota" (PDF). [47] "Minnesota". U.S. Census Bureau, Women's Foundation of Minnesota and American Community Survey. 2006. the Institute for Women's Policy http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ Research. April 2008. ADPTable?_bm=y&http://www.wfmn.org/PDFs/ geo_id=04000US27&StatusOfGirlsInMN_FullReportFINAL.pdf. qr_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_DP5&Retrieved on 2008-04-29. ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. [59] "Minnesota - DP-3. Profile of Selected Retrieved on 2008-04-28. Economic Characteristics: 2000". U.S. [48] "Religious Composition of Minnesota". Census Bureau. Maps, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ Pew Research Center. 2008-02-25. QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US27&http://religions.pewforum.org/maps. qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3&Retrieved on 2008-02-26. ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. [49] "American Religious Identification Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Survey". Exhibit 15. The Graduate [60] "Census of Agriculture, Minnesota State Center, City University of New York. Profile" (PDF). U.S. Department of http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/ Agriculture. http://www.nass.usda.gov/ research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm. census/census02/profiles/mn/ Retrieved on 2006-11-24. cp99027.PDF. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. 19 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota [61] ^ "Wealth of Resources". Minnesota [71] Royce, Graydon Royce (2006-04-01). Department of Employment and "New Guthrie casts a huge shadow over Economic Development. theater scene". Minneapolis Star-Tribune http://www.deed.state.mn.us/whymn/ via SavetheGuthrie.org. resources.htm. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. http://www.savetheguthrie.org/news/ [62] "Ethanol Producer Magazine". Ethanol royce040106.htm. Retrieved on Producer Magazine. 2007-05-06. http://www.ethanolproducer.com/ [72] "How to fringe". Fresh Art Delivered article.jsp?article_id=1905. Retrieved on Daily. Minnesota Fringe Festival. 2006. 2006-11-26. http://www.fringefestival.org/new.cfm. [63] "2005 Senate Bill 4 (Ethanol Mandate Retrieved on 2006-11-22. Increase)". Minnesota Votes. [73] "Minnesota State Fair". Minnesota State http://www.minnesotavotes.org/ Fair. http://www.mnstatefair.org/. 2005-SF-4. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. Retrieved on 2006-11-22. [64] "The complete list of Minnesota E85 fuel [74] "Statemaster Health Statistics Physical Sites". Minnesota Department of Exercise by State". Statemaster. 2002. Commerce. http://www.state.mn.us/ http://www.statemaster.com/graph/ portal/mn/jsp/ hea_phy_exe-health-physical-exercise. content.do?subchannel=-536881511&programid=536907776&sc3=null&sc2=-536888997&id=-5368 Retrieved on 2006-08-16. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. [75] "America's Health Rankings 2006". [65] "Wind Energy Projects Throughout the United Health Foundation. 2006. United States of America". The American http://www.unitedhealthfoundation.org/ Wind Energy Association. ahr2006/survey2006.asp. Retrieved on http://www.awea.org/projects. Retrieved 2006-12-05. on 2007-05-07. [76] "Statemaster Health Statistics > Death [66] "Minnesota income tax rates for 2005/ Rate per 100,000". Statemaster. 2006". Minnesota Department of http://www.statemaster.com/graph/ Revenue. http://www.taxes.state.mn.us/ hea_dea_rat_per_100-death-rateindivid/residency_and_filing_status/ per-100-000. Retrieved on 2006-08-16. filing_requirments_for_individuals/ [77] "Explore Minnesota Living" (PDF). inctxrates.shtml. 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America's Health Rankings. publications/fact_sheets_by_name/ United Health Foundation. 2008. content/BAT_1100111.pdf. Retrieved on http://www.americashealthrankings.org/ 2006-11-26. 2008/pdfs/mn.pdf. Retrieved on [70] "Gopher Express". Coffman Info Desk. 2008-12-03. Regents of the University of Minnesota. [80] "Health Statistics Health Index by state". 2006-10-12. Statemaster. http://www.skyway.umn.edu/ http://www.statemaster.com/graph/ gopherexpresswest/ hea_hea_ind-health-index. Retrieved on explore.php?PHPSESSID=f65d1b639e4cae622e89d4f98605c590. 2006-08-16. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. 20 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Minnesota [81] "Put 'Em Out: Minnesota Smoking Ban [92] "Transportation amendment update". Kicks In Monday". WCCO. September 29, Minnesota Department of 2007. http://wcco.com/health/ Transportation. 2006. local_story_272145441.html. Retrieved http://www.dot.state.mn.us/information/ on 2007-10-01. mvst/index.html. Retrieved on [82] "University of Minnesota Medical 2008-04-07. Milestones". University of Minnesota [93] Minnesota Department of Medical School. 2002. Transportation. Minnesota Rail System http://www.med.umn.edu/faculty/ [map]. (2007) Retrieved on 2007-04-07. handbook/info/home.html. Retrieved on [94] "Minnesota Ports and Waterways". 2006-08-14. Minnesota Department of [83] "Minnesota Partnership for Transportation. Biotechnology and Medical Genomics". http://www.dot.state.mn.us/ofrw/ University of Minnesota Medical School. waterways.html. Retrieved on 2002. 2008-04-07. http://www.minnesotapartnership.info/. [95] "Airports with Scheduled Air Service". Retrieved on 2006-08-14. Commercial Service Airports. Minnesota [84] S. Spacek, The American State Litter Department of Transportation. 2008. Scorecard, 2008. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/aero/avoffice/ [85] "Smartest State Award". Morgan Quitno commaviation.html. Retrieved on Press. http://www.morganquitno.com/ 2008-04-07. edrank.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-24. [96] "Route Map". Mesaba Airlines. [86] "High school diploma or higher, by http://www.mesaba.com/documents/ percentage by state". Statemaster.com. Routemap.jpg. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2004. http://www.statemaster.com/ [97] "Amtrak - Routes - Northwest". Amtrak. graph/edu_hig_sch_dip_or_hig_by_perhttp://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ high-school-diploma-higher-percentage. ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/ Retrieved on 2006-08-16. am2Route/ [87] "Minnesota's Class of 2007 leads the Horizontal_Route_Page&c=am2Route&cid=1081256 nation in ACT scores". Multimedia Retrieved on 2008-04-07. Holdings Corporation. 2007. [98] "Minnesota Government". State of http://www.kare11.com/news/ Minnesota. http://www.state.mn.us/ news_article.aspx?storyid=262186. portal/mn/jsp/ Retrieved on 2007-08-15. content.do?id=-8494&agency=NorthStar. [88] Hallman, Charles (2007-03-14). "School Retrieved on 2006-10-20. vouchers: Who stands to gain at what [99] "Gov. Looks For New MnDOT Head after cost?". Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder. Molnau Out". Kare11 News. http://spokesman-recorder.com/news/ http://wcco.com/local/ Article/ carol.molnau.job.2.664858.html. Article.asp?NewsID=76873&sID=4. Retrieved on 2008-03-04. [89] "Charter Schools". Minnesota [100] ttp://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/ h Department of Education. 2007. members/housemembers.asp http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/ [101] ttp://www.senate.mn/members/ h Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/ [102]Minnesota Supreme Court" (doc). Court " Public_School_Choice/Charter_Schools/ Information Office, State of Minnesota. index.html. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. http://www.courts.state.mn.us/ [90] "Best Colleges 2009: Liberal Arts documents/CIO/otherResources/ Rankings". USNews.com. 2009. SupremeCourt.doc. Retrieved on http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/ 2006-10-19. college/liberal-arts-search/. Retrieved on [103]Tribal Government". Minnesota North " 2009-03-25. Star. http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/ [91] Minnesota Department of jsp/ Transportation. 2007–2008 Official content.do?subchannel=-536888182&id=-8494&age Highway Map [map]. Retrieved on Retrieved on 2006-10-20. 2008-04-07. [104] oleman goes to court over Senate C recount 21 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [105] eigh Pomeroy (2007). "Populism Is Alive L and Well in Southern Minnesota". Minnesota Monitor. http://www.minnesotamonitor.com/ showDiary.do?diaryId=1728. Retrieved on 2008-08-04. [106] rayson, Katharine (2006-09-18). "Study: G Minnesota tops nation in voter turnout". Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal. http://twincities.bizjournals.com/ twincities/stories/2006/09/18/ daily3.html?surround=lfn. Retrieved on 2008-08-04. [107] uefner, Steven F., Daniel P Tokaji, and H Edward B. Foley (2007), ''From Registration to Recounts: The Election Ecosystems of Five Midwestern States'', The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, p. 137. ISBN 978-0-9801400-0-2. [108] ichael P. McDonald. "2008 Unofficial M Voter Turnout". United States Elections Project, George Mason University. http://elections.gmu.edu/ preliminary_vote_2008.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-20. [109]Office Holders". Green Party of " Minnesota. http://www.mngreens.org/ officeholders.php. Retrieved on 2007-04-18. [110]Minnesota Democrat becomes first " Muslim to win seat in Congress". Associated Press (International Herald Tribune). 2006-11-07. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/11/ 08/america/ NA_POL_US_Election_Muslim.php. Retrieved on 2006-12-11. [111]210 Designated Market Areas - 03-04". " Nielsen Media. http://web.archive.org/ web/20060517010320/ http://www.nielsenmedia.com/ DMAs.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-26. [112]5 EYEWITNESS NEWS History". " kstp.com. http://www.kstp.com/article/ stories/S278.shtml?cat=14. Retrieved on 2007-03-28. [113]Daily Board of Directors". The " Minnesota Daily. http://www.mndaily.com/board.php. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. [114]About MPR". Minnesota Public Radio. " http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/ mpr/. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. [115]PRI factsheet". Public Radio " International. http://www.pri.org/ Minnesota InPRI_FactSheet.html. Retrieved on 2007-05-07. [116]Recap, Flames 3, Wild 2, SO". " Minnesota Wild. 2008-01-17. http://wild.nhl.com/team/app/ ?service=page&page=Recap&gameNumber=688&se Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [117]NCAA Members By Division". NCAA. " http://web1.ncaa.org/onlineDir/exec/ divisionListing?sortOrder=4&division=All. Retrieved on 2009-04-13. [118]Upper Midwest Athletic Conference " History". Upper Midwest Athletic Conference. http://www.umacathletics.com/Sports/ gen/2008/ History.asp?nl=25&tab=abouttheumac. Retrieved on 2009-04-13. [119]Statemaster Health Statistics Physical " Exercise by State". Statemaster. 2002. http://www.statemaster.com/graph/ hea_phy_exe-health-physical-exercise. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [120]Green Hunters: Minnesota DNR". Fish " & Wildlife Today. http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/ back_issues/september97/message.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [121]Water Skiing History". ABC of Skiing. " MaxLifestyle.net "Go Skiing like Max!". 2006. http://www.abc-of-skiing.com/ water-skiing/history.asp. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [122]Managing for Results" (PDF). Minnesota " DNR. http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/ aboutdnr/budget/budgetpres0303.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [123] enjamin, Robert W. (2006-07-15). "Ice B Fishing can be a very exciting experience". Buzzle.com. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/ 7-15-2006-102438.asp. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [124]Turning Snow into Sport". Explore " Minnesota Experiences. Minnesota Department of Tourism. http://www.exploreminnesota.com/ experiences/outdoors/snow/index.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [125]Snowmobiling Minnesota". Minnesota " Department of Tourism. http://www.exploreminnesota.com/ story.aspx?EntityId=19499. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [126]Take to the Trails! Explore Minnesota " Biking". Minnesota Department of 22 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Preceded by California List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on May 11, 1858 (32nd) Succeeded by Oregon Minnesota Tourism. http://www.exploreminnesota.com/ experiences/outdoors/biking/index.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-04-07. [127]Superior Hiking Trail". Minnesota " Department of Tourism. http://www.exploreminnesota.com/ listing.aspx?EntityID=7727. Retrieved on 2006-12-02. [128]All About Birds". Cornell Lab of " Ornithology. 2003. http://www.birds.cornell.edu/ AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/ Common_Loon_dtl.html. Retrieved on 2006-10-24. [129]Minnesota State Symbols". Minnesota " State Legislature. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/ Symbols.asp. Retrieved on 2008-04-28. External links General • Minnesota at the Open Directory Project Government • State of Minnesota Official site • Minnesota State Legislature • Minnesota Judicial Branch • Hyperlinked state constitution • Full text of state constitution • Energy Data & Statistics for MinnesotaFrom the U.S. Department of Energy Tourism & recreation • Minnesota Department of Natural Resources • Minnesota DNR Outdoor Activities • Explore Minnesota Culture & history • Minnesota Aviation Hall of Fame • Minnesota Historical Society • Minnesota history timeline • Minnesota Historical Society's online timeline • A History of Minneapolis: Early History: Resources • Minnesota Place Names • Forests, Fields, and the Falls: Connecting Minnesota • Ramsey County Historical Society Maps and Demographics • Minnesota State Demographic Center • Minnesota Health and Demographic Data • USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Minnesota • Minnesota Demographics Facts • Minnesota State Highway Map • Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection • John R. Borchert Map Library • Minnesota Geological Survey Coordinates: 46°N 94°W / 46°N 94°W / 46; -94 Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota#Law_and_government" Categories: Minnesota, States of the United States, Midwestern United States, States and territories established in 1858 This page was last modified on 25 May 2009, at 23:09 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers 23


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Kindly suggest me how to rename the files of an assembly without effecting to assembly, as we do it in solidworks explorer.
Solved! Go to Solution.
Open the assembly in Design Assistant. In the "Action" column there is an option to rename files.
Just make sure you read all about design assistants it is your best friend but can be a nightmare. If you don't find all drawings you will have link issues.
I would also suggest making a backup of your files before you start renamiing just in case there is an issue.
And when I do this I make a printout of my files and when I rename I write the new name next to the old name so if I have an issue I know what it was and is..
Design Assistant is absolutely the way to go if you are not using Vault (which would handle this much better). Autodesk stopped most development on Design Assistant since you get Vault for free and does so much more.
If you have to use Design Assistant, perhaps do a Hierarchy report out of the DA so you can track the files easier than writing them down.
Vault Sucks...............
And the way it sounds if they are not going to develope Design Assistant any further are they about to remove it?
This will be the end of Inventor if so..... I will go back to 2D/3D Autocad........
Vault may not be the right choice for you in your situation, but it certainly does not..."suck", and what it can do is far above what DA does.
I see no reason why they would get rid of DA, at least not for a long time. Autodesk does understand there are plenty of single users without need for Vault but still need to perform these tasks. They even added a nice Copy Design routine to Inventor for some basic design itterations (wish the naming scheme settings were better though).
Vault does suck I have about 100 people that will say it.....
Look at the threads nothing but issues after issues with it....
I know of 3 clients that spent thousands to set it up just for more issues more money. This is why you like it because you make money from it....
Edited by
jletcher wrote:
Vault does suck I have about 100 people that will say it.....
Look at the threads nothing but issues after issues with it....
I know of 3 clients that spent thousands to set it up just for more issues more money. This is why you like it because you make money from it....
where's the eating popcorn emoticon when ya need it!
Why is this needed?
I think we all know you are not happy with Adesk products and are just itching to leave it behind asap.
I'll give you a 1000 that swear by it to your 100 that complain about it. Sure, its got issues to it (mostly user related, and a fair share development wise too), but it also becomes a neccesary tool for a lot of companies...small to large.
neccesary far from it the only reason it is neccesary is because Autodesk found no one using it so they forced them to by taking out multi user.. So if they want to work together now you are FORCED to use it...
I found no one needs it unless this is needed and then I have a work around for it.
It sucks and always will I bet your 1000 are bald from the stress fighting vault....
Edited by

subset: commoncrawl


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Yoga as a Way of Life
Ozark Mountain Yoga is a professional private yoga studio in Springfield, Missouri created to provide traditional individualized yoga training and is home base for Bill Lynch. With the help of the greater Ozarks yoga community he has expanded to provide adventure yoga retreats, workshops, teacher training and other events in the beautiful Ozarks region of Southern Missouri and Northern Arkansas as well as offering unique live, international online yoga training.
Ozark Mountain Yoga welcomes people of all ages and abilities wishing to learn how yoga can safely and joyfully help them on their journey towards better mind and body health. The specialized, individual attention offered with Bill is an excellent way to begin your journey with yoga or deepen a distinctive personal practice. The unique combination of approaches used by Bill has been recommended by yoga teachers, physical therapsts and local physicians alike to help many realize a fuller life and brighter future.
"Yoga is the stilling of the fluctuations of consciousness" (Yoga Sutra I:2, Patanjali, 2nd Century BCE). By appropriately combining asana (physical exercises), meditation and breathing techniques you will experience a dramatic change in attitude that leads to overall health betterment. Naturally occurring benefits of a consistent personal yoga practice include diet change, dropping of bad habits, sound sleep and a clear mind. You will even find yourself using therapeutic yoga techniques with no or limited physical exertion for dramatic results. But everyone and every body is different, so you can research all you want, and you should, but in the end you need to find a comfortable, supportive environment that helps reveal your individual potential.


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Create a fresh and flawless finish with the Face Brush S from Paul & Joe Beauté. This season you can feel spring's regeneration with the sleek white brush to help give your skin a youthful glow.
The brush evokes the beauty of a bird's nest with the wooden handle engraved with the brand's name. While the wooden handle reminds us of the twigs that birds collect to build their nests, the immaculate white brush evokes the purity of the season of regeneration. The soft bristles feel smooth on skin and hold powder exceptionally well to deliver even color to the skin. Dust on face day or night for skin that appears freshly touched by spring's fresh air and sunlight.
• All round FACE "TOUCH-UP" BRUSH that will help maximize the effectiveness of the new Face Powder S
• Wooden handle gives comfortable grip
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• Create a fresh and flawless finish
• The brush feels soft and smooth on the skin as it holds powder well and makes the skin appear soft
This item is in stock and ready to ship.
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From adorably cute cat in the hat blusher sticks to luxurious formulations, Paul & Joe Beaute is a line we have fallen head over heels in love with.
This beauty brand has reached acclaimed cult status around the world because of their charming packaging and stylish seasonal collections that speaks to determined and strong women who love the fun and creativity makeup can bring.
By incorporating the prints on their packaging to correlate with the current season's Paul & Joe clothing line makes it a brand that is a true fashion and beauty hybrid.
I did not expect this brush to be so small......it is tiny but I guess its perfect for travel...very beautiful brush, soft bristles, not the softest but soft enoff.


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The course at Pheasant Ridge Golf Club is an 18-hole test of wills and skills marked by dense foliage and dramatic swings in elevation. While water doesn't play a major role throughout?a lake comes into play on just one hole?that doesn't mean players can recklessly swing for the proverbial fences. The slender fairways are wrapped in a tight sleeve of trees, ready to swallow up errant shots or possibly knock them into the fairway if the player has a reputation as a friend of the forest.
Course at a Glance: * 18-hole, par 72 course * Total length of 6,578 yards from the back tees * Course rating of 70.2 from the back tees * Course slope of 129 from the back tees * Four sets of tees per hole * Scorecard
Staffed by experienced coaches and computers who've sworn allegiance to the three laws of golfing robotics, GolfTec's motion sensors and high-speed cameras monitor swings and break down each individual's form on a high-definition video display to get results. Sensors chirp with approval whenever they detect the perfect stroke or an especially witty golfing joke. GolfTec's certified personal coaches will point out flaws and strengths while providing golfers with tips on how to permanently improve their game from tee to green.
A sprawling, 32-acre sports metropolis set on the Ohio River?s Neville Island, RMU Island Sports Center?s multipurpose facilities encompass activities from ice-skating to miniature golf. An indoor, 42-tee driving range throughout most of the day, the 100-yard field and domed, 75-foot high ceilings of the Golf and Sports Dome house baseball, softball, kickball, and flag football events by night before hosting after-hours singles parties for terrestrial blue whales. Adjacent to the dome, clients can execute graceful pirouettes or high-speed slap shots at the skating rink, which offers hockey leagues and lessons, figure skating programs, and public skate sessions. To fully immerse themselves in the Center?s scenic location, guests can catch riverside breezes at the RMU Island Rapids Miniature Golf Course, where golfers must contend with subtle slopes, two waterfalls, and heckling barnacles as they steer orbs through the immaculate 18-hole putters park.
Designed by Mark Ormison in 1897, the fairways of Bob O'Connor Golf Course at Schenley Park sprawl over 51 acres and invite linksmen to frolic among foliage that has been flourishing for more than a century, while also gazing out on metropolitan views. Players find themselves challenged right from the get-go with a second hole that is also the toughest, but can strive for birdies at holes 8 and 17 to recover. At the 11th hole, golfers encounter a quirky rectangular green, whose geometric origins are likely found in a house having occupied the space long ago. The course is managed by the local charity The First Tee Pittsburgh, which strives to encourage good character, values, and healthy life choices in children through the game of golf, and proceeds from the course benefit its programs.
Before hitting the course, players can hone their form at the course's driving range in good weather, take lessons with a Class A PGA professional, or strengthen their swings at the Full Swing simulator, which tracks ball flight, speed, and distance in real time. The simulator offers high-definition projections of more than 35 notable courses, including Pebble Beach, Oakmont Country Club, Pinehurst Country Club, and Harbour Town Golf Links, and lets golfers sharpen their swings in the dead of winter without fear of losing a limb to frostbite or abominable ground squirrels.
Course at a Glance:


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Don't worry if you missed the live streaming event last night, you can watch it back as many times as you like below. Check out interviews and performances by soundtrack artists, Cee Lo Green, Metric and Eastern Conference Champions!
Posted: Wed 23 Jun 2010
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RT @GippGoodie: Leaving Prague headed to Brussels..#Jetjumper
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Welp last show of tour in Belgium tomorrow then back to the states to join the war! Another day in paradiseFri, 22 Aug 2014 16:10:44 GMT
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text: The strip-mall in which Coconut is set is not promising, but the owners and staff of this restaurant have clearly put in an effort to make it more than an eat-and-run Thai place. It is well-decorated and almost sleek; only the high-end grills in downtown Statesboro compare. The food is good, though not very authentic; the dishes we ordered were... More


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Ratings based on 5 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
3.6 Room cleanliness
4.0 Service & staff
3.4 Room comfort
3.0 Hotel condition
They paid and stayed.
We double-checked.
We double-checked.
for Everyoneby Sanjay from Singapore
Nice villa in the quiter side of BaliPosted Nov 29, 2013
Pros: Very pleasant and helpful staff. Quiet and rustic surroundings - brought back memories of old times back home.
Overall our stay was pleasant and the price was about right for what it we got. The staff were very friendly, helpful and obliging. We found the room to be clean and comfortable. We were pleasantly surprised to be "Upgraded" to a superior villa, with a baby cot in place, as the owner misunderstood that our child needed a baby cot. We appreciate the kind gesture though. It was an overall pleasant stay in a quiet location, away from the hustle and bustle of the TOURISTY Bali. The pictures shown in their own website and others, are probably taken long time back or were taken after some window dressing.The bed linen and towels were clean and replaced daily but were not new. The villa needs a good measure of maintenance and some money spent on amenities - once done the villa is ready to accomodate travellers to the next level of comfort and old world charm. The breakfast choices were limited, though sufficient to get one going for the day. The beach is not as close as mentioned in their website, so be prepared to walk for a bit longer.
by A verified traveler from Australia
Not as describedPosted Oct 7, 2013
Pros: The price, the staff who who always smiling and very helpful
Cons: As mentioned, a lot of maintenance is required
Location: Quiet, with a nice rural outlook - in a quieter but pleasant part of Canguu - it's a brisk 15 min walk to the beach , or to restaurants etc
Overall our stay was pleasant and the price about right for what it was - the staff were very lovely, helpful and obliging and the rooms were clean and comfortable enough - what was disappointing was the very obvious lack of maintenance and perhaps quite a lot of 'poetic license' used when describing the hotel on various websites including their own. For example our room had rotting decking, leaking pipes in the bathroom , broken chairs and clean but discoloured sheets and towels - we are frequent travellers to Bali and understand that in that climate, maintenance is ongoing and needs to be very frequent and may be costly. As previously said, the price was good for the place and the location even though further from the beach than advised was lovely and very rural and peaceful. Just be aware that the complex does not look as good as it does in the official photos , they were either taken when the hotel was very new or perhaps the place was 'dressed' for the photo shoot. Essentially it is a nice but basic villa complex, more reminiscent of what we would have encountered in Bali maybe 25 years ago rather than the well maintained complex described on their website. With some money spent on maintenance, it could be a little hidden gem.
by A verified traveler
ConfusingPosted Sep 29, 2013
Pros: don't know never stayed there.
Cons: communication.
We booked 6 month in advance for this hotel however upon arrival we were taken to an entirely different villa. There was no prior warning. Upon arrival we were given little information. We queried the next day and they stated it was due to construction noise we shall give them the benefit of the doubt but it could be an over booking issue. The other Villa was ok but the facilities weren't as good. When you book and plan your trip based on reviews, description and photos of your intended hotel, it provides a poor start to your holiday to be sent to an entirely different villa that you know nothing about. plus if you pay for one villa you expect to be there.
by David and bron from Western Australia
Overated and disappointingPosted Jun 13, 2013
Pros: Lovely staff
Cons: Postion,facilities,breakfast,air con, noise
We were booked in for 7 nights but only stayed 3 .Barking dogs at all hours literally 2 meters away in the adjoining property made it impossible to sleep. Next door to the hotel is a vets office !!! The bungalows were very nice but air con was ineffective. There was no mini bar or coffee/ tea facilities. Pool was over chlorinated and most of the day beds were broken. Breakfast was a choice of eggs,eggs,or eggs. The garden was sparse and unkempt. The position of the hotel is very isolated and We didn't have a bike so had to taxi everywhere. There are no cooking facilities and the nearest restaurant was over 1km away . We were told the beach was 800m away,it's well over 2 kms and too far to walk. I don't know how this hotel has a four star rating,it's 2 star max. The staff however were lovely,which is always the case in Bali. Without any doubt our worst Bali experience. When we left we couldn't check out because reception was unattended so I'm sure we will have been billed the full seven nights.
for Couplesby Simone from Australia
A great stayPosted May 21, 2013
Pros: Manager and our room
Cons: The look of it out side the gates
Location: Only a few dollars by taxi to any where
The girl who runs the place is wonderful. Would recommend to all . Best service I got in Bali . Thank you . I will stay again .


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My Saison went from O.G. Of 1.081 to final of 1.005. The yeast is a beast. Wyeast 3711 is crazy. I brewed on 11/26, i was thinking of bottling on Thursday or Sunday. Thoughts?
3711 is my favorite yeast; it's my house yeast.
I would wait a few weeks before bottling. My first time I bottle conditioned with 3711 I had some over carbonation issues. Give it some time to clean up.
No, you do not need to add any yeast for bottling. It's just my opinion to wait to bottle. I think that a 1.081 beer needs more than 2 weeks in the primary, regardless of the yeast strain.
Thanks. Now i have decide about secondary
I'd let it sit a bit as the others said. I've had that yeast go down to .997 and .998 on the last 2 beers I used it on. It strangely maintains body and is a lovely yeast. I really love it.
Anyway, it will benefit from sitting for at least a few more weeks. Last beer I used it on, a Belgian IPA, was around 10% and didn't need additional yeast in order to carbonate. Bottled that 6.5 weeks after brewing. That yeast also pairs up with hops quite nicely.


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Awards and Recognition
We are proud of our award-winning services and dedicated staff members. You can meet some of our amazing staff members by reading about our SITES Awards winners, or you can learn more about the accomplishments of our organization through viewing our recent awards and recognitions listed below.
2013 President's Outstanding Staff Awards
Congratulations to Kenneth Rhinehart (PMCS Construction for receiving a 2013 President's Outstanding Staff Award on April 23rd.
2012 President's Outstanding Staff Awards
Congratulations to our 2012 Outstanding Staff Award recipient, Laura Burrows (PMCS Construction Services), She was honored in a ceremony on May 4th.
2011 SLICE Award
PMCS Supervisor Armando Blanco was named a 2011 SLICE Award winner for his exemplary leadership. The SLICE Award honors University Operations employees who exemplify one or more values of the organization.
2011 President's Outstanding Staff Awards
Jeffrey Bachschmid and Richard Costa were selected to receive the university president's Outstanding Staff Award, which recognizes non-teaching UT Austin employees who have made outstanding contributions to the continuing success of the university.
2007 SLICE Award
Frauke Bartels, PMCS Senior Graphics Designer, was one of eight University Operations portfolio employees honored by Vice President Pat Clubb. Read more about the SLICE Awards.
APPA Recognition
The University of Texas at Austin Project Management and Constructions Services (PMCS) is a member of APPA, the Association of Physical Plant Administration. APPA's Institute for Facilities Management is a four-track course of study held twice yearly. It includes core programming in General Administration, Maintenance & Operations, Energy & Utilities, and Planning, Design & Construction. Below are the individuals who have received a Certificate of Graduation for successfully completing the full course offered by the Institute.
2011 APPA Institute Graduate
- Paul Shelander- January
2010 APPA Institute Graduate
- Bethany Trombley - January
2009 APPA Institute Graduate
- Michael DeBow - September
2008 APPA Institute Graduate
- Bettie Simpson-Weeks - February
2007 APPA Institute Graduates
- Robyn Green - September
- C. J. Wiles - September
- Martha Ellis - January
- Bill Throop - January
2006 APPA Institute Graduate
- Samuel Narduzzo - September
2005 APPA Institute Graduate
- Vincent LeMond - January


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Mar 21, 13 •
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Called a fairness issue, proposed corporate jet tax increases have been described as an offset to poverty program cuts. However, supporters of the taxes might be disappointed. Some history… The Omnibus Reconciliation Budget Act of 1990 included a luxury tax
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