text: ABSTRACT The basic aim of the work is to minimize the queue at the electric billing counters and to restrict the use of electricity automatically in case bill is not paid. The work also aims at proposing a system that will reduce the loss of power and revenue due to Power thefts and other illegal activities. The work system adopts totally new concept called prepaid electricity. The implementation of this will help in better energy management, conservation of energy and also in doing away with the unnecessary hassles over incorrect billing. The automated billing system will help track the real time consumption and will leave little scope for disagreement on consumption and billing. Every month we can see a person standing in front of our house from Electricity board or water Board whose duty is to read the energy meter/water meter and handover the bills (electric or water) to the owner of that house . This is nothing but meter reading. According to that reading we have to pay the bills. The main drawback of this system is that person has to go area by area and he has to read the meter of every house and handover the bills. The Electricity board and Water authority has to give privileges for these people to do their duty monthly. The thing is, Government will not appoint any particular persons for this duty. The people working in these boards will go on a particular day and do their duty leaving all their pending works. Due to this, their work will be delayed and this is great loss for government. To overcome this drawback we have come up with an idea and this idea will help the government and it will save the time of the employees working in these boards. INTRODUCTION Latest developments in the power measurement technology aim to enable the consumer to be online in billing matters. The present day technologies work to first accurately measure and then charge the consumer, thus bringing accountability and transparency in electronic power utility and its transmission and distribution. The main objectives of this project are to study about the powerful microcontroller AT89C52. An innovative technique is introduced for the usage of electricity. An energy meter is presented for which we can charge specific unit of energy, after the usage this charged unit automatically decremented. A different code word is used for charging the meter. If the balance charge unit is zero then the meter automatically disconnect from the line. This system can be recharged through keypad and GSM technology. For this recharge coupon with security code is used. 89C52 is the main component used. LCD display is used for displaying each stage. Charging is done with the help of keypad. GSM modem verifies the charging of the system. By using this type of technology it is possible to stop the misuse of electricity. Normally in every postpaid connection bill is much higher than the prepaid. When there is postpaid, nobody wants to take care of the wastage, but at the end of month when bill is present then bill is paid by the house incharge, small workers in the office, employees in the school, in the entire private and govt. Office nobody wants to take care of the wastage. So we add some innovative idea to avoid and save this valuable energy for every one. In this project we use one lcd screen. Lcd screen displays the bal. Amount every time, lcd screen not only shows the balance amount but at the same time Lcd displays the unit consumption. When the balance is '0' then output is off. Microcontroller 89C51 acts as the primary controller. The primary controller collects information from digital energy meter as well as from the smart card. Smart gives information about the limitation of units. The digital energy meter reading is compared with the smart card information by the primary controller and hence suitably primary controller controls the relay. NEED FOR THE NEW SYSTEM This project is useful for billing purpose in Electricity board and in water authority. Instead of going to every house & taking the readings, in this project by just sending an SMS we can receive the readings of the house and we can recharge the electric bill. This system uses Java Basics software, which is designed as the application platform to send or receive SMS using the Modem, then process and stores the data. Java software has two main functions 1) to interact with Modem and read the COM port 2) maintain the database. In this project the micro controller & the GSM unit is interfaced with the Energy meter/water meter of each house. Every house has a separate number, which is given by the corresponding authority. The GSM unit is fixed in the energy meter/water meter. The amount of consumption is stored in memory authority as SMS. Using this software we can send the SMS through Modem to that particular number which is assigned by these authorities and wait for the response. On other end the modem will receive the data in the form of a command and informs the controller to do the readings. After the readings the controller will send data to the modem. Modem, in turn sends data to the other end. In the office the GSM unit will receive the data and the Java software will calculate the total consumption. The number assigned by the authorities is Unique. Using GSM we can get the response very fast due to which time is saved. After completion of the pulse the power will cut again consumer wants to send an SMS for recharge. This is due to reduce illegal power using with out paying the money. GSM FUTURE ENHANCEMENT: We are sending bills through post, instead of this, we can add a printer in every house and if we give print command from the server, it will print the bill and the user can get the bill over there only. List. Of components 1) Integrated circuits i. IC1 89C51 (micro controller) ii. IC2 MAX 232 iii. IC3 MCP 3201 (A to D Converter) iv. IC4 7805 (Voltage Regulator) 2) Crystal i. 11.0592 MHz 3) Transistor i. T1 SL100 ii. T2 BC547 4) Resistance i. R1=7.9 K ii. R2=22K, R4=10K, iii. VR1=10k Multi turn iv. VR2=10k 5) Capacitor i. C1= 10uf/63v electrolytic ii. C2, C3,= 33pf Disc type ceramic iii. C4 = 0.1uf/63v electrolytic iv. C5 = 0.01 disc type ceramic v. C6 = 1000uf/25v electrolytic vi. C19, C20, C21, C22, C23 = 10 uf/63v electrolytic 6) Diode i. D1 to D9 1N 4007 p – n junction diode 7) Relay i. 12v 2C/O PCB mounted 8) Buzzer:- i. Quartz ceramic buzzer 9) Current transformer (CT) 10) 16*2 LCD Display 11) Transformer 230 V Primary to 0-15v-1A secondary. 12) GSM MODEM Block Diagram Operation Fig. Shows basic Block Digram of GSM base prepaid energy meter system in this project we atomize billing system for consumers for this purpose .we make electronic semi- conductor memory card. And a reader section .in semi conductor card we step up initially some rupees assumed as our card charged. In reader Section we take following blocks. 1. Current transformer 2. Voltage converter 3. A/D converter 4. Micro controller 5. Display 6. Buzzer 7. Relay 8. Buffer circuit and level shifter circuit. 9. Crystal and oscillator circuit 10. Regulated power supply LCD (Display) GSM RS232 MODEM LCD LCD Converter Driver Glass ENERGY METER WATER METER Power Supply Trans Regulator Micro former (7805) Controller Rectifier Filter AT89S52 1. Current transformer-- In our project we have to calculate total power taken by load because as per M.S.C.B. rule unit of meter depend upon how much power is taken in particular limit so that to calculate power we apply formula P=VXI as V=230volt is constant we can find out first current .So current transformer is our first block of project. Current transformer is a transducer which can since current flowing through line and convert it in to corresponding ratio voltage. The meaning of ratio voltage is depend upon step up current transformer or step down current transformer and its winding ratio i.e. 1:2 or 2:1 etc suppose we take 2:1 step down current transformer then if current flowing through line is 2 amp. Then o/p of current transformer is 2volt. In our project we use 2:1 step-down current transformer for sensing current flowing through load. 2. Voltage converter-- As in our project we use micro controller as main block to calculate and display power then we must convert all physical quantity in to binary format because micro controller can read only binary data .So to convert current in to equivalent binary we use A/D converter and for A/D converter input we must required 0 to 5 volt D.C. voltage. As we know output of current transformer is A.C. voltage then we must convert this A.C. voltage in to corresponding range (0 to 5 volt D.C.) For this purpose we use voltage converter block in which we use full wave bridge rectifier circuit, filter capacitor and voltage divider network. The full wave bridge rectifier circuit convert A.C. in to D.C. then ripple is remove through filter capacitor and by using voltage divider network we achieve range of 0 to 5 v D.C. for A/ D converter input. 3. Analog to digital converter-- To convert current in to its equivalent binary form we use 12 bit I2c type Analogue to digital converter. This converter convert 0 to 5 volts D.C at input can convert its corresponding binary value. For this purpose we use Microchip Company IC MCP3201.This IC is very easy to interface with micro controller and at Internet there are various web site at which directly program is written for that. This is 8 pin 5 volt operated ic. 4. Micro controller-- Micro controller is heart of our project because it performs total function such as calculate power, unit and display it. Also read value in prepaid card, reduce it as per unit, cut of relay etc. This all function is done by micro controller programmed .In market there are various micro controller is available. But we select 89C52 because of following advantages.:- Computable with industrial most popular family MCS51 product 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogram able Downloadable Flash Memory SPI Serial Interface for Program Downloading Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles 2K Bytes EEPROM 4V to 6V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Nine Interrupt Sources Programmable UART Serial Channel SPI Serial Interface Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Programmable Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer Power-off Flag 5. LCD display-- In our project to show various parameters such as current, power, and timing balance in card etc we use 16x2 LCD alphanumeric display with backlight. The advantages of this are that we write 32 characters on it and due to backlight we can see it from long distance also. This display has 8 data line and three control line through which micro controller write character on it .The interfacing for display is given in book "8051 micro controller programming " by kneth J. Ayala 6. Buzzer-- In this project we give facility to customer when ever a balance of card is reduce as per last level. Near about 15- to 20 rupees then buzzer is turn on so that customer must know that card is recharge now. When balance in card is reach to this level then micro controller can turn on this buzzer. 7. Relay-- If after warning of buzzer customer does not recharge its card and When the energy is consumed balance in card reduced and when the balance is zero micro controller trip the relay and cut of the main supply of home supply. So that person consumer recharges the card and utilizes the. For this cut off purpose we use two change over relay which brake this supply. 8. Buffer circuit and level shifter circuit-- In this project we made a mobile decoder just like in mobile handset which is connected to electric meter for mobile recharge purpose via SMS. We will describe here of how to use an AT command on mobile decoders to be as a GSM communication information node. This will be the cheapest means to create your own DIY remote messaging system. Connect the mobile decoder to your micro controller via the Data Cable. You can connect it through the RS232 TTL converter ic MAX 232 This ic can convert signal from micro controller to mobile decoder to its proper operating voltage +,- 12 volt D.C. Select the baud rate of serial communication to be 9600 bps (actually, the module will accept all the baud rate setting, any selection will work). The other parameters are: Data Bits (8), Parity (None), With that, you are all set to test out the AT command with the mobile decoder. The following are some simple AT commands – Call Control-- AT Attention ATA Answer Command ATD Dial Command ATH Hang Up Call The following are some simple AT commands to do SMS. SMS Commands-- AT+CMGR Read Message AT+CMGS Send Message This mobile decoders circuit connects to the serial port of micro controller through MAX 232 ic . Its function is to provide an input and an output port capable of being remotely controlled using another mobile. 9. Crystal & Reset Circuit— 12 M Hz quartz ceramic crystal is connected between pin XTAL,and XTAL2 of micro controller to produce machine cycle for fetch and execution of instruction. And at pin 9 RST pins we connect R.C n/w to provide reset pulse when power is turn on so that programmed execution start from memory location 0000H. 10. Power Supply— For our all IC we require 5 v d.c. Supply, which can be generated by step down transformer, full wave bridge rectifier, and filter condenser and voltage regulator IC 7805. Figure 1 Circuit Diagram operation Fig shows complete circuit Diagram of our project prepaid energy meter system recharge using GSM. In this project we atomize the process of billing system for energy meter for home and industries .At recent level electric bill is provided for customer for each month .For this purpose M.S.E.B. required number of person for taking reading each month, giving bill for each customer and all other number of activity .For this purpose M.S.E.B. required number of staff and giving payment to this staff. And so it required lot of money. Shortly all this process is bulky and costly and time consuming. To find out solution on it we develop our project prepaid energy meter system recharge using GSM . In this project we made mobile decoder with SIM card for receiving recharge voucher, suppose we have a card and we charge for 100 rupees for it. Then this card is crash and send SMS to GSM decoder SIM in to our project. Then project can read this SIM code and check balance on it. If balance is present then it give supply i.e. connect phase and neutral wire to home through this project. And when we turn on load i.e. appliances on in home then this load or appliances take some current which is depend on that appliances for e.g. if we turn on tube light then it take 40 watt load, if we turn on fan then it take 60 watt load. After that how much time we turn on this load or appliances is determine your unit utilize .For e.g. you on fan for 1 hour then we utilize 60 watt load for 1 hour form this M.S.E.B calculate how much unit you utilize. In our project we calculate this power and time by using ADC, RTC and other devices and find out unit. After that there is fix ration of unit and charge in rupees. Suppose For 1 unit we have to pay Rs2/-then for if 60-watt fan on for 1 hour can utilize 5unit then you must pay RS10 (5x2) for this load. This amount is then deducted in to memory of microcontroller system. Also project show this current, power, unit, timing, balance of memory etc on display. And when rupees in card is reduces to predetermine level our project turn on buzzer which is indication to customer that her balance in card is decries up to recharge Laval. After that he must recharge this card through M.S.E.B. or from private vender. After that new value amount is feed in that card and it utilize again. If customer cannot charge after warning, and if balance in memory become zero then our project cut off phase and neutral line supply through relay. In our project to calculate power we apply formula P=V x I. As we know that voltage of M.S.C.B is fix 230v for India then we need to calculate current for finding out power. As shown in fig Phase and Neutral is provided to our project through Relay contact this relay is electromagnetic type relay operated at 12v D.C. and 2 c/o type i.e. when it operated its two contact is change over and supply is provided through it. After that we use current transformer to since current of load. This C.T. is step down type and ratio is 2:1 when we turn on the project then load i.e. 100watt bulb is on and current is flowing thro current transformer at secondary terminal of this current transformer use four diode D1, D2, D3, D4 for conversion of A.C. voltage in to D.C. voltage because we apply this voltage to A/D converter. This is full wave bridge rectifier we use because of its high efficiency and low ripple advantage. After conversion in to D.C. we remove its ripple through capacitorC4,C5 filter capacitor .This two filter capacitor are use with separate values because they remove higher and lower frequencies separately. The voltage divider network making by R4 and VR1 is use to adjust voltage in A/D converter range 0 to 5 v D.C. For this purpose we place one variable and other fix resistance .By using this variable resistance we adjust voltage at required range. After that main part is conversion of this voltage corresponding to load current in to binary form so we use 12 bit ADC MCP3201 fro microchip compact. This ADC has 8 pins IN+ and IN- pin is connected to input voltage E o/p of voltage divider network and pin CLK and DOUT pin is connected to micro controller. This MCP 3201 is successive approximation type 12 bit ADC with on board sample and hold circuit. How This ic convert analogue signal in to its equivalent digital signal is given in to is datasheet please refer it The digital value read by micro controller can be store it in to its internal memory location and apply formula for power calculation .By calculating power micro controller deter mine time. After reading current timing for given load micro controller read current value of rupees present in to memory of microcontroller. In this project we made a mobile decoder just like in mobile handset which is connected to electric meter. We will describe here of how to use an AT command on mobile decoders to be as a GSM communication information node. This will be the cheapest means to create your own DIY remote messaging system. Connect the mobile decoder to your micro controller via the Data Cable. You can connect it through the RS232 TTL converter ic MAX 232 This ic can convert signal from micro controller to mobile decoder to its proper operating voltage +,- 5 volt D.C. Select the baud rate of serial communication to be 9600 bps (actually, the module will accept all the baud rate setting, any selection will work). The other parameters are: Data Bits (8), Parity (None), With that, you are all set to test out the AT command with the mobile decoder. The following are some simple AT commands : Call Control AT Attention ATA Answer Command ATD Dial Command ATH Hang Up Call Send "AT" on serial port. The GSM mobile decoders will respond with an "OK". This is the simplest command to tell the mobile decoder to go on attention. It doesn't do anything. However, this is also a means to test if the decoder responds on the baud rate and all the serial settings. The following are some simple AT commands to do SMS. SMS Commands- AT+CMGR Read Message AT+CMGS Send Message This mobile decoders circuit connects to the serial port of micro controller through MAX 232 ic . Its function is to provide an input and an output port capable of being remotely controlled using another mobile. Control takes place by means of receiving SMS (Short text Messages Service). When the micro controller receives a predefined recharge text message, like "100 rupees" or "your unit charge is----", is send In this way we can control recharge the energy meter through SMS After reading this value micro controller shows this all value i.e. current, power, time, balance in rupees on 16x2 LCD display. And after fix time interval micro controller calculate unit for load and deduct rupees from memory of micro controller and show on display .When balance reaches to recharge value then micro controller turn on buzzer and when balance is completely zero then turn off relay through transistor so that supply is cut off. PCB FABRICATION The first and most important step in production in PCB is to obtained copper clad sensor consist of thin coating of copper on based insulated material. The insulating material may be fiberglass or sensor raising bended proper fibber glass is transparent and it is possible to see copper tracked from other side, which is helpful checking of the output fibber glass. Fibber glass is stronger than S.R.B.P. due to these two reasons fibber glass is more popular for hobby project. In industry through their cost is high. In the specification of the PCB thickness of the base material with lies between 1 to 2 mm for general 1 mm type base material is use; For the larger PCB were heavy component or to be mounted on the base 1.6 to 2 mm thickness base material is used in the specification of PCB thickness of copper material is also maintains. It is specified by 1 to 2 quality (It means the weight of the board) most of the electronic CKT handily flow current, so one quality board are used. Fri this purpose the higher current specification is once quality board are use. In the above description we have studied that by coding copper on the electronic base material. For Production of PCB: - 1. Design of PCB or to prepare an artwork. While design the CKT. We have to consider to technique by which PCB will manufacture. For ex. If we are using simple resists point, we should not design component are work while if we are using photographic method we may design compact artwork. While designing the artwork we must consider the size the size of component and the only place for it should be lift. 2. Design the conducting part and draw this conduction path on the artwork. While drawing the conduction path the following rules must be in mind for most performance. To decide the conduction path it is essential to decide the position of the component while designing the conduction path. A care should be taken that cross over of conduction path should be avoided. Under this drawing of artwork accurately position in the board. Using the pointed hills the position of the component making holes carefully and securely a mark on the board. In this process of the artwork may get damage. So always keep another machine. Apply even resist material around the components mounting holes two drop copper plate in the hole. 3. Each resist material don't dissolve in the etching i.e. it opposes the process of etching. Apply the each resist material tracks according to the artwork for the application of even resist material pin in use. Once each resist is drive check the board for its conduction path and current it is require. 4. After the correction of the board insert the board in the track condoning the enchant solution until all excess copper has been removed. Enchant is the solution which can remove or even the copper deposition of the board. The most popular exchange is ferric chloride which is used with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCL) After the completion of etching process wash and clean the board through in water to remove the stress of enchant. 5. The last step of in the production of PCB is 10 even the photo resist material for the purpose we can see in light a spread even resist material can remove. Using above procedure PCB for the temp. Measurement and control CKT is prepared a sin fig. GENERAL ART WORK RULES— Conductor Orientation-- For a high conductor density, the conductor should run as one side in the direction of x. coordinate and corner side in the direction of Y coordinate where conductors have to be placed in others directions. Preference is given to the 45 c to 30-60 directions. Since observation of this rules helps in an optimum, utilization of the space, alive and gives well organized appeared. Conductor Routing Practice-- The conductors should begin and end in a solder pad. In cases where this would increases the Length of conductor. Giving another conductor see in fig can terminate it. Are Conductor making a sharp increases angles of less than 60 must be avoided this is important especially in board which have to be wave solder see in fig. When several conductors have to pass between pass the spacing have go be equality- distributed max. Spacing is obtained, if conductor is put perpendicular to a narrow passage. Hole Diameter solder pad diameter and solder ability-- The no. Of different hole diameter on PCB must be kept min. hole diameters of about 0.5 mm is suitable for component leads. The solder used pad size should be approximately three ties. The driller holes size to give mechanical 7 to the solder pads. The conductor pads should always be less than the solder pad diameter preferable one third see in fig. COMPONENT MOUNTING AND SOLDERING Component Mounting:- After the completion of the PCB fabrication and manufacturing it is require the placing of the components in the liquid it is necessary to analyze the CKT and identify the priorities for a particular CKT following will help to solve the problem. In highly sensitive CKT critical component are placed first in such as to require min. length for critical conductors In less critical CKT the components are arrange in order of signal flow. This will result in min. overall conductor length for critical conductors, In a CKT where a few components have more connecting point have to be placed forest and remaining group around them. The priorities of different component to be mounted and solder on the PCB is as per following sequence. First the flat radial component such as resistor, diode indicators, and mounted and solder. Then IC bases were solder. Then the vertical component such as transistor, gang condenser and FET are mounted ands solder. Soldering:- The next process after the component mounting is soldering; solder point is achieve by heating the solder of and base metal about the melting point of the solders used. The method in which necessary heat is depend upon -- The nature and type of joint. Melting temp. Of the solder. Flux. Soldering techniques are of so many types but we are having only iron soldering for soldering component in out PCB. Iron Soldering:- Soldering iron consists of an insulated handle connected through a metal shaft, to a bit. The face of the bit accuracy makes contact with the components parts of the joint and solder ands heat them up. The electrical heaving element is located in the hallow shank or handle to heat the bit. Function of the Bit-- It stores heat and conveys it form the heat source to the work. It may be require to store surplus solder and flux to the work It may have required store molten solder and flux to the work. The bit surface must be lined or waited. This encourages flow of solder into the joint. When the surface of the work becomes waited by solder continuous film of liquid metal between the bit and the work provided a path of high thermal conductivity align with heat can flow into the work into the piece. Solder bits are made or copper this metal has a good wetting proper; heat capability and thermal conductivity. Tin led solder affects copper during soldering operation. Production of copper bit can be made with thick iron coating followed by Ni. /Tin platting. The life of the bit is increased by a factor of 10 to 15. Solder irons are specified in term of watt. Depending on heat input input in intended for the working and type of work (continuous or individual) the choice of the solder iron can be made. Procedure of soldering:- The pairs to be joint must be cleaned and first and fluxed. The heard solder iron must be removed after the joint is sufficient field and joint as followed to be cooled. PCB LAYOUT Figure 2 PCB layout Design of Relay driver circuit. Figure 3 Design of Relay driver circuit. Specification of Relay— Operating voltage=+12v dcContact = 2 change over Coil resistance=150ohm Contact rating for 48v dc=5A 220Vac=5A According to ohms low maximum current flowing through collector of transistor Q1 when relay is ON is- Ic = Vcc/Rc Ic = 12/150 Ic = 80mA For safety margin of 100% so we choose a transistor which can switch at least 160ma again voltage rating of transistor i.e.Vce is Grater than 12V so we choose a transistor(Q1) SL 100 which has following specification-- Ic max.=500mA Vce=60v =150 Selection of resistance RB. As transistor operated in common emitter configuration from transistor equation = Ic/IB so IB=Ic/ IB = 80ma/150 IB=0.53ma i/p to base of transistor is Vcc1=5v so applying Kirchhoff's voltage low to loop of base of transistor is, Vcc1 = IB RB + VBE VBE of silicon transistor is 0.7v RB=Vcc1-VBE/IB RB=5-0.7/0.53ma RB=7.9Kohm DESIGNE FOR BUZZER CKT-- Figure 4 Buzzer ckt Specification of buzzer is-- Sound o/p > 95d at 12v d.c. Oscillator frequency= 4kHz Current consumption<20mA Operating temp. range = -20 deg. To +50 deg. Centigrade Operating voltage range = 3v to 15 v dc From specification of buzzer current consumption of buzzer coil is 20mA So Ic max =20 mA Again we select transistor BC 547 for buzzer driver because its ic max is 80 mA and it is low cost ,eaisely avaible in market. For common emitter configuration of transistor its current equation is IB = Ic/ = 110 for BC 547 transistor = 20 mA / 110 = 0.18mA applying Kirchhoff's voltage low to loop of base of transistor Vcc1 = IB RB + VBE Vcc1=+5v dc VBE=0.7v for silicon transistor RB = 5 - 0.7 / IB RB = 4.3 / 0.18mA RB = 23K DESINGING Power supply design:- Power supply is the first and the most important part of our project. For our project we require +5V regulated power supply with maximum current rating 500mA Following basic building blocks are required to generate regulated power supply. Three Regulated O/P Mains 230 V Step-down Rectifie Filter Terminal A.C. Voltage transformer r Ckt. Voltage req. Step Down Transformer:- Step down transformer is the first part of regulated power supply. To step down the mains 230V A.C. we require step down transformer. Following are the main characteristic of electronic transformer. Power transformers are usually designed to operate from source of low impedance at a single freq. It is required to construct with sufficient insulation of necessary dielectric strength. Transformer ratings are expressed in volt–amp. The volt-amp of each secondary winding or windings are added for the total secondary VA. To this are added the load losses. Temperature rise of a transformer is decided on two well-known factors i.e. losses on transformer and heat dissipating or cooling facility provided unit. Rectifier Unit Rectifier unit is a ckt. which converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. Generally semi-conducting diode is used as rectifying element due to its property of conducting current in one direction only. Generally there are two types of rectifier. 1. Half wave rectifier 2. Full wave rectifier. In half wave rectifier only half cycle of mains A.C. is rectified so its efficiency is very poor. So we use full wave bridge type rectifier, in which four diodes are used. In each half cycle, two diodes conduct at a time and we get maximum efficiency at o/p. Following are the main advantages and disadvantages of a full-wave bridge type rectifier ckt. Advantages: 1. The need of center tapped transformer is eliminated. 2. The o/p is twice that of center tap circuit for the same secondary voltage. 3. The PIV rating of diode is half of the center tap circuit. Disadvantages: 1. It requires four diodes. 2. As during each half cycle of A.C. input, two diodes are conducting therefore voltage drop in internal resistance of rectifying unit will be twice as compared to center tap circuit. Filter Circuit: Generally a rectifier is required to produce pure D.C. supply for using at various places in the electronic circuit. However, the o/p of rectifier has pulsating character i.e. if such a D.C. is applied to electronic circuit it will produce a hum i.e. it will contain A.C. and D.C. components. The A.C. components are undesirable and must be kept away from the load. To do so a filter circuit is used which removes (or filters out) the A.C. components reaching the load. Obviously a filter circuit is installed between rectifier and voltage regulator. In our project we use capacitor filter because of its low cost, small size and little weight and good characteristic. Capacitors are connected in parallel to the rectifier o/p because it passes A.C. but does not pass D.C. at all. Three terminal voltage regulator: A voltage regulator is a ckt. that supplies constant voltage regardless of change in load current. IC voltage regulators are versatile and relatively cheaper. The 7800 series consists of three terminal positive voltage regulator. These ICs are designed as fixed voltage regulator and with adequate heat sink, can deliver o/p current in excess of 1A. These devices do not require external component. This IC also has internal thermal overload protection and internal short circuit and current limiting protection. For our project we use 7805 voltage regulator IC. Design of Step down Transformer: The following information must be available to the designer before he commences for the design of transformer. 1. Power Output. 2. Operating Voltage. 3. Frequency Range. 4. Efficiency and Regulation. Size of core Size of core is one of the first considerations in regard of weight and volume of transformer. This depends on type of core and winding configuration used. Generally following formula is used to find area or size of core. P1 Ai = ----------- 0.87 Ai = Area of cross - section in Sq. cm. and P1 = Primary voltage. In transformer P1 = P2 For our project we required +5V regulated output. So transformer secondary rating is 12V, 500mA. So secondary power wattage is, P2 = 12 x 500 x 10-3 w. = 6w. 6 So Ai = 0.87 = 2.62 Generally 10% of area should be added to core to accommodate all turns for low Iron losses and compact size. So Ai = 2.88. Turns per volt: Turns per volt of transformer are given by relation 10,000 Turns / Volt = ----------------------- 4.44 f Bm Ai Here, f is the frequency in Hz Bm is flux density in Wb/m2 Ai is net area of cross section. Following table gives the value of turns per volt for 50 Hz frequency. Flux density Wb/m2 1.14 1.01 0.91 0.83 0.76 Turns per volt 40/Ai 45/Ai 50/Ai 55/Ai 60/Ai Generally lower the flux density better be quality of transformer. For project for 50 Hz the turns per Volt for 0.91 Wb/m2 from above table. Turns per Volt = 50 / Ai 50 = 2.88 17 Thus for Primary winding = 220 x 17 = 3800. & for Secondary winding = 12 x 17 = 204. Wire size: As stated above size depends upon the current to be carried out by the winding, which depends upon current density of 3.1 A/mm2. For less copper losses 1.6 A/mm2 or 2.4 A/mm2 may be used. Generally even size guage of wire are used. Rectifier Design: R.M.S. Secondary voltage at secondary of transformer is 12V. So maximum voltage Vm across Secondary is Vm = Rms. Voltage x 2 = 12 x 2 = 16.97 D.C. O/p Voltage at rectifier O/p is 2 Vm Vdc = ---------- 2 x 16.97 = ----------------------- = 10.80 V PIV rating of each diode is PIV = 2 Vm. = 2 x 16.97 = 34 V & maximum forward current which flow from each diode is 500mA. So from above parameter we select diode IN 4007 from diode selection manual. Design of Filter Capacitor: Formula for calculating filter capacitor is 1 C = ---------------------- 43 r f RL. r = ripple present at o/p of rectifier. (Which is maximum 0.1 for full wave rectifier.) F = frequency of mains A.C. RL = I/p impedance of voltage regulator IC. 1 C = ------------------------------ 43 x 0.1 x 50 x 28 = 1030 f 1000 f. And voltage rating of filter capacitor is double of Vdc i.e. rectifier o/p which is 20V. So we choose 1000 f / 25V filter capacitor. IC 7805 (Voltage Regulator IC.) 1 2 3 Specifications : Available o/p D.C. Voltage = + 5V. Line Regulation = 0.03 Load Regulation = 0.5 Vin maximum = 35 V Ripple Rejection = 66-80 (db) Advantages of project 1. Due to this system electricity thief is wash out. 2. So easy to recharge for using GSM technique. 3. Saving of electricity because of displaying balance on display. 4. Due to micro controller system is compact. 5. Operating system is very easy. 6. System give buzzer indication before pre define level of recharge. Bibliography Programming and customizing the 8051 micro controller Author---Myke Predko Publication---TATA McGraw-HILL The 8051 Micro controller Architecture, Programming & Application Author---Kenneth J.Ayala Publication---Pen ram Inter national publication Opto Electronic Circuit Manual Author---R.M. Marston Publication---B.P.B. publication Microprocessor Data Hand book B.P.B. Publication Towers International Transistor Selector B.P.B. Publication A Monogram on Electronic circuit Designee Principal Author---N.C.GOYAL-- R.K.KHETAN Publication--- KHANNA publication Linear Integrated circuit Author---Ramakant Gayakwad Publication--- PH hall publication WWW.ATMEL.com ll publication WWW.ATMEL.com


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Win a complete piezo drive systems evaluation kit
July 02, 2012 // Julien Happich
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Home » NewHampshire.com » Outdoors
Bradford students honor veterans
More than 100 students, teachers, staff, parents and veterans attended a program at Bradford Elementary School on Nov. 9. (COURTESY)
Participating in the ceremony were members Cmdr. Charles Trowbridge, Richard Dahlgren and Phil Lord of Wilkins-Cloues-Bigelow-Pearson Post No. 39 in Warner. The program was directed by fifth-grade teacher Lauren Duquette.
Principal Don West welcomed everyone and then Charles Trowbridge and fifth-graders Trevor McConnell and Hailey Hogancamp posted the colors. The Pledge of Allegiance was recited followed by "The Star-Spangled Banner" sung by the second- and third-graders.
Duquette told the audience that the second-graders had written letters for the veterans and presented them to Cmdr. Trowbridge for distribution. The post planned to deliver the letters to veterans at the veterans home in Tilton.
The President's Veterans Day Proclamation was read by fifth-graders Ashlee Start and Ashley Clark. Members of each class, starting with kindergarten, recognized veterans in their family who were or had been on active duty in the service.
The POW/MIA Remembrance Ceremony was presented by members of the fourth-grade classes. Several veteran-themed poems were read: "Heroes Die for Me" written by Jamie Burns and read by Ryan Turco and Andrew Grillo; "Veterans Day" written by Cheryl Dyson and ready by Alex Tanksley and Shawn Rowell.
Principal Don West then thanked everyone for coming and had everyone stand while the colors were retired. Music teacher Matt Mitchell played taps on the trumpet.
Trowbridge, Trevor McConnell and Hailey Hogencamp then retired the colors.
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A sigh of quiet relief in the midst of a bustling city, the Courtyard offers guests a versatile space for large indoor/outdoor corporate events, cocktail parties, Wedding celebrations, filming or photography. Intimately connected with the glass Atrium, this contemporary area includes the Tribute Garden which pays tribute to 7000 people who have made the journey to Victoria from over 90 countries.
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Persistence of deposited metals in the lungs after stainless steel and mild steel welding fume inhalation in rats
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Welding generates complex metal fumes that vary in composition. The objectives of this study were to compare the persistence of deposited metals and the inflammatory potential of stainless and mild steel welding fumes, the two most common fumes used in US industry. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to 40 mg/m3 of stainless or mild steel welding fumes for 3 h/day for 3 days. Controls were exposed to filtered air. Generated fume was collected, and particle size and elemental composition were determined. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done on days 0, 8, 21, and 42 after the last exposure to assess lung injury/inflammation and to recover lung phagocytes. Non-lavaged lung samples were analyzed for total and specific metal content as a measure of metal persistence. Both welding fumes were similar in particle morphology and size. Following was the chemical composition of the fumes—stainless steel: 57% Fe, 20% Cr, 14% Mn, and 9% Ni; mild steel: 83% Fe and 15% Mn. There was no effect of the mild steel fume on lung injury/inflammation at any time point compared to air control. Lung injury and inflammation were significantly elevated at 8 and 21 days after exposure to the stainless steel fume compared to control. Stainless steel fume exposure was associated with greater recovery of welding fume-laden macrophages from the lungs at all time points compared with the mild steel fume. A higher concentration of total metal was observed in the lungs of the stainless steel welding fume at all time points compared with the mild steel fume. The specific metals present in the two fumes were cleared from the lungs at different rates. The potentially more toxic metals (e.g., Mn, Cr) present in the stainless steel fume were cleared from the lungs more quickly than Fe, likely increasing their translocation from the respiratory system to other organs.
Within this Article
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- References
- References
Other actions
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- NIOSH (1994) Elements (ICP): Method 7300. In: NIOSH manual of analytical methods, 4th Edition, Issue 2, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Publication No. 98–119. Washington, DC
- Sadek AH, Rauch R, Schulz PE (2003) Parkinsonism due to manganism in a welder. Int J Toxicol 22:393–401
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- Title
- Persistence of deposited metals in the lungs after stainless steel and mild steel welding fume inhalation in rats
- Journal
Archives of Toxicology
Volume 85, Issue 5 , pp 487-498
- Cover Date
- 2011-05-01
- 10.1007/s00204-010-0601-1
- Print ISSN
- 0340-5761
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0738
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Welding fume
- Inhalation
- Lung burden
- Lung clearance
- Pulmonary toxicity
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- James M. Antonini (1)
- Jenny R. Roberts (1)
- Samuel Stone (1)
- Bean T. Chen (1)
- Diane Schwegler-Berry (1)
- Rebecca Chapman (1)
- Patti C. Zeidler-Erdely (1)
- Ronnee N. Andrews (2)
- David G. Frazer (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 2015, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- 2. Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, 45213, USA


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- List of properties
- Properties on map
198 commercial properties to let found
- Photos: 3
- Floorplans: 0
197,127 sq ft
Distribution Warehouse to rent Crossflow, Poplar Way East, Bristol, BS11
Crossflow is a NEW WAREHOUSE and distribution facility and is the ONLY FACILITY OF ITS SIZE within the South of England. This new development is central to the national and international logistics hub. Coupled with the UNSURPASSED FEATURES and benefits such as a 29 dock level loading doors. More details ›
98,816 sq ft
Light Industrial to rent Plot 6000, G Park, Western Approach Distribution Park, Avonmouth, Bristol, BS35 4GG
Located between the M48 (J1) and the M5 (J18) motorways, with frontage to the M49, G.Park Western Approach offers direct access to the UKs extensive motorway network. G.Park Western Approach comprises 143-acres of development land within a managed environment. More details ›
13,015 sq ft
Office to rent Ground Floor, Bridgewater House Bristol, BS1 6BX
Bridgewater House is a FLAGSHIP OFFICE BUILDING within the Finzels Reach Development - stunning in its external appearance, striking in it's internal design and flexibility. The building is set around a secluded LANDSCAPED COURTYARD with external terraces and balconies. More details ›
£307,313 pa
21,194 sq ft
Office to rent Equinox North, Great Park Road, Bradley Stoke, Bristol, BS32 4QL
Equinox North offers one of the largest open plan floorplates available in the north Bristol. Equinox North provides HIGH QUALITY MODERN OPEN PLAN OFFICE ACCOMMODATION on a single floor. More details ›
10,866 sq ft
Office to rent Ground Floor, 3 Temple Quay, Temple Back East, Bristol, BS1 6DZ
The property is located on Temple Way which forms part of the inner ring road and provides DIRECT ACCESS to the M32 motorway via Bond Street and to the NATIONAL MOTORWAY NETWORK. The office is located within 5 minutes walk of Bristol Temple Meads train station. More details ›
7,000 sq ft
Office to rent The West Wing, One Glass Wharf. Temple Quay, Bristol, BS2 0EL
The West Wing, One Glass Wharf was constructed in 2010 and is a PRIME GRADE A headquarters office building overlooking Bristols historic waterside. The building provides MODERN OPEN PLAN office accommodation in one of Bristols most iconic buildings opposite Bristol Temple Meads train station. More details ›
£187,000 pa
27,688 sq ft
Warehouse to rent The Vanguard Unit, Fifth Way, Avonmouth, Bristol, BS11 8DT
The property comprises a late 1980s purpose built detached WAREHOUSE / WORKSHOP unit of steel frame construction, with profile sheet cladding. The FIRST FLOOR OFFICES comprise a mix of open plan and cellular offices, plus a WC and kitchenette block. More details ›
- Photos: 6
- Floorplans: 0
3,100 sq ft
Office to rent CityPoint, Temple Gate, Bristol, BS1 6PL
HIGH QUALITY office accommodation available to let, situated opposite the Temple business district. FULLY FURNISHED, staffed reception and daily cleaning team. 24/7 access and CCTV SECURITY. More details ›
- Photos: 4
- Floorplans: 0
6,631 sq ft
Office to rent 1st Floor, No. 1 The Square, Temple Quay, Bristol, BS1 6DG
No. 1 The Square is a distinctive and highly prominent building in an EXCELLENT LOCATION towards the eastern end of Temple Quay, fronting the waterside and opposite Temple Meads train station. Completed in 2000 to a HIGH STANDARD and comprises an impressive four storey purpose built office premises. More details ›
30,685 sq ft
Warehouse to rent Units 1a-b, Temple Gate Park, Mead Street, Totterdown, Bristol, BS3 4RP
The property comprises two DETACHED warehouse/industrial units of steel portal frame construction with brick / blockwork to a height of approximately two metres, and profile metal sheet cladding above. Externally, a shared CONCRETED YARD AREA with barrier gate provides loading apron and CAR PARKING. More details ›
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Such a warm welcome from Chris and sweet little Harley. Room was beautifully decorated, breakfast was delicious. Next time we will try and take advantage of the beach and hot tub. A little peace of paradise!
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With hundreds of locations across the country, Right Dental Group represents a collection of oral-healthcare professionals who deliver a variety of quality dental services. The collective places an emphasis on relationship building—meaning patients can confess their most egregious toffee-apple trespasses while receiving a teeth scrubbing delivered with precision and understanding. Each of the dentists is prescreened for a consistent record of excellence and the ability to efficiently locate a cavity in a toothstack. A skilled doctor and their staff will skillfully probe forgotten mouth corners, eradicating tartar and expunging plaque from bacterial lairs. The included x-rays will help uncover any oral problem areas that cannot be seen with the shamelessly naked eye. After treatment, clients will be privy to tips that explain the proper brushing and flossing techniques to ward off gum disease and tooth loss, ensuring tongue-stoppers remain firmly rooted to the rest of the skeletal system.
Inside Kangaroo Kids Inflatable Party Center's winding obstacle course, tykes race through inflatable tunnels and ricochet like excited electrons on the bounce floor. Nearby, toddlers putter in play cars and slide down soft, foam slides. The divided floors ensure a safe play space for kids of all ages and sizes. But Kangaroo Kids' emphasis on safety goes beyond structure: a staff member outlines rules for safe conduct and the dangers of bringing pet porcupines to the bounce house. Then, once kids take to the floor, they remain under the staff's watchful eyes at all times.
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Avenue Party Rentals is a rapidly growing party rentals business serving the Suffolk & Nassau County Long Island area. We pride ourselves by only providing our customers with the best equipment in the industry at the best price.


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Sunday, 14 November 2010
Alan Campbell, Scar Night. The Deepgate Codex, Volume 1 (2006)
Good stuff: this is a cleanly- (and sometimes even well-) written piece of fiction, ingenious and fast-paced. My right forefinger kept sliding under the bottom right hand corner of the page, lifting it, and turning it so that I could keep reading. But—but.
It's a novel with all the Gothic trappings: scenes, characters, props, bloodletting, dark gods, nameless horrors. And as such, whilst I enjoyed it plenty, I couldn't ignore the way it wholly failed to drag its tentacles of dread over the tender membrane of my imagination. I was never scared; never spooked; never, really, put in any position beyond 'oh, I wonder what's going to happen next?'
Campbell, the blurb boasts, came to writing from designing video games. He designs his world with a video-game-designers professionalism, care, detail and flatness. The city of Deepgate has hanged (not hung, whatever the novel says: meat is hung [after checking: nope, I'm wrong and the novel is right ... it's hung]) suspended by massive chains over a bottomless abyss for, with splendidly vague and windy periodicity, a hundred generations. In the abyss is a fallen god, Ulcis, worshipped by the citizens of Deepgate. The characters are manifold, and include Dill, a last-of-his-race winged human 'angel', sexy kick-ass female [yawn] assassin Rachel Hael, sinister priests, mad goddesses, various sorts.
There have been, I'm well aware, video games that aim for the spooky (Silent Hill, say). Yet I have never been spooked by a video game; and I wonder why that is—wonder, indeed, whether my reaction is unusual. It seems to me that the real skin-crawling eeriness of the uncanny depends upon a kind of existential passivity (to put it more precisely: upon an existential passion), an opening of oneself to the appalling strangeness of the Other. But gaming, on the contrary (and the pseudo-gamy, such as the hectic, onward-thrusting narrative of a novel like this one) depend upon a simulacrum of activity. Pushing the buttons, leaning one's thumb on the joystick, levering the viewpoint onward, exploring, going-on, moving through. All of that is too kinetic for the cultivation of a genuinely creepiness. I could go on, and suggest that the unheimlich requires us to revisit the home in such a way as to understand its unhomeliness. A novel like this is not really interested in the return home. It's all about the there, none of it is about the back again. Campbell introduces his gnarly, ingenious chained-over-the-abyss city in order that we might explore it, visualise it, get used to it—and once we've done that Campbell disposes of it, severing the chains and casting it into the depths. The story must shed it and move on.
10 comments:
- Abigail Nussbaum said...
I've always thought that hanged was only for people, hung for everything else.
I was unimpressed with this one. Not so much because of scariness or lack thereof - I get scared by things I can see (hence video games scare me more easily than they do you) but not things I read about. I just found the characters completely uninteresting.
- 14 November 2010 05:10:00 GMT-8
- Adam Roberts said...
Abigail, looks like you're right about 'hung' and I'm wrong.
The characters are more marionettes, occasionally well-carved, than people, I agree.
Have you really been scared by a video game? How interesting.
- 14 November 2010 10:11:00 GMT-8
- Adam Roberts said...
I might add, reading over my review again: it could be that the author wasn't aiming at Gothic eeriness or horror. But if so, then why all the Gothic trappings, the carefully imitating props and stylings?
- 14 November 2010 10:23:00 GMT-8
- Matt said...
I think re: video games you have to have played them enough. For someone like myself who grew up playing them, when done well they can be extremely immersive. I don't think of moving a joystick or a mouse, I just think of "walking over there" and do it.
I don't usually play survival horror games, but I can say that System Shock 2 was scary enough when I first played it that even though I was enjoying the story, the physical toll it was taking on me prevented me from continuing. I've heard a lot of people (not everyone of course) online say similar things about it.
- 14 November 2010 12:41:00 GMT-8
- Adam Roberts said...
That's interesting, Matt. But are you talking about being 'scared', or being creeped-out? Scares are easy enough to orchestrate: jangle the player's (or reader's) expectations, insert sudden shocks and so on. Creating an eerie, creepy, properly Gothic mood is something else I'd suggest.
I've not played System Shock, mind.
- 14 November 2010 16:08:00 GMT-8
- rreugen said...
I get creeped-out by games.
I noted the difference between "scared" and "creeped-out" and I guess I just function in a different way.
I am never creeped-out while reading a book. It happens that I am creeped-out while playing a game (Silent Hill, one of those) and while watching movies (the one with the girls in the cave, The Deep?), to the point where I'm not enjoying the experience anymore. I appreciate reading (and theater) more than gaming or watching movies, because they don't do that to me, they don't remove me from the artistic act.
- 15 November 2010 04:25:00 GMT-8
- Tom said...
Its been a while since I read this, but from what I remember the city exuded a brooding decayed (and at times borderline comic) melancholy, rather than a creepiness. More Gormenghast than Woman in Black.
That said there are moments, especially the giant pin-ball bit that could have come out of Super Mario 4.
- 15 November 2010 04:26:00 GMT-8
- Chris said...
Games that do created genuine creeped-outedness in me tend to do so by making me more passive - forcing me to watch scenes, taking away gear etc. The Cradle level in Thief 3 (from the same stable as System Shock) is a good example of this, and Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth, at least until it turns into a Deep One killing spree. But ultimately you always know that the game is finishable whereas in a genuinely creepy book, if people start to die off unexpectedly you can't just go online and find a guide on how to read it so that they live.
- 15 November 2010 05:27:00 GMT-8
- Adam Roberts said...
Chris, rruegen, I'm quite prepared to believe you know more about gaming than I do. As I say, my response my be unusual. Maybe if I played more, I'd have a different view on this.
- 17 November 2010 01:30:00 GMT-8
- Jacob said...
I've been reading my way backward through the blog and thought this merited a quick comment. Two points:
a) some video games do produce an effect by taking a degree of agency and motion away from the player. The tremendously creepy Thief games, which cast you as a burglar in a High Gothic fantasy city, have as their core mechanic the act of hiding very still and quiet in the dark corners of rooms, waiting patiently for passing palace guards or cultists or worse things to pass on by.
b) even when this is not the case, games can and do produce dread - that awful sensation of having to progress forward but knowing something awful is lurking just ahead, and the only option to avoid is is to disengage from the narrative entirely. (There's a great Sesame Street children's book called "The Monster At the End of This Book," which is page after page of Grover the Muppet begging the reader to close the book and not to turn the pages any more, that reminds me of this.)
- 25 March 2011 07:39:00 GMT-7


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Published on November 27, 2007
Music fans have plenty to celebrate this weekend with three major events taking place on Saturday featuring some of the country's biggest stars.
Rockers Billy Ogan and Amphol Lamphoon kick off proceedings at 7pm at Thunderdome, Muang Thong Thani, with "Rock for the King". The two veterans will be playing timeless hits along with special guests Maew Jirasak and Nicole Panphum.
Tickets costing Bt3,000 include two books titled "Kham Phor Son", compilations of His Majesty the King's royal instructions and edicts, while others are priced Bt1,500, Bt1,000 and Bt500 and are available at Thaiticketmajor. Proceeds will go to the Phra Dabos Foundation.
At 8pm, it's the turn of songs-for-life legends Carabao to take the stage at Impact Arena, Muang Thong Thani, for "Bao Benjapes".
The concert marks Carabao's 25th anniversary and is being held to promote the band's latest album, "Look Loong Khee Mao" ("Son of an Old, Drunk Uncle").
The 18-track double-CD is now out on Warner Music (Thailand). The first disc features "Phee Suea Nak Soo", which will be familiar to most from the TV commercial for Toyota's Vigo Hilux pickup; "Jatukam Lam Thung", about the popularity of the Jatukam Ramathep amulets; and "Sao Doi 4x4", which talks about the exploitation of mountain lasses. Other standout tracks are "Tam Roi Phor" (co-written by Sarawuth Lertpanyanuch), which accompanies a popular TV drama paying homage to His Majesty the King, and the title track.
The second CD includes "80 Years of the King"; "Phra Yom", a song about Phra Phayom's title deed for a piece of land; "Tob Noo Thee" (written by Season magazine editor Tiva Sarachudha) about kids in the South; and "Samakkee Phi Nong Thai" written by the band's co-founder Kirati Phromsaka Na Sakolnakorn aka Keow Carabao.
The concert will take fans back to the band's debut album "Loong Khee Mao", which deals with a poor farmer who leaves his village in the Northeast for a supposedly better life in Bangkok, turns to alcohol to relieve his stress and dies drunk and penniless under one of the capital's pedestrian bridges.
The concert will also feature hits from the band's other albums as well as from their latest, which focuses on a young man named Tone, who travels from Isaan to the City of Angels in search of his missing father - the "uncle" who died from poverty and booze 25 years earlier.
Carabao will share the stage with Asanee Chotikul as well as popular comedians Mum Jokmok, Theng Therdtherng and Nong. Tickets are Bt2,000, Bt1,500, Bt1,000, Bt800 and Bt500 from Thaiticketmajor.
Last but not least, "Bangkok City Music Festival" returns for a second year to Benjasiri Park, near the Emporium shopping mall, on Saturday and Sunday, from 4pm to 10pm.
"Last year, it rained so heavily that all the streets nearby were under water. The storm was so bad, I was worried the stage would collapse and we would have to call the whole thing off. But in the end it turned out okay," recalls veteran singer Rawiwan Chinda.
"The audience was amazing. They didn't care about the heavy rain but crowded round the front of the stage," confirms Nueng, a member of pop band Etc.
Saturday's line-up includes Etc, Nat Myria, Nuvo, Golf-Mike, Rawiwan, Paibulkiert Khiewkaew, Viyada Komarakul Na Nakorn, Maleewal Gemina, Charas Fueangarom, Pom Autobahn, Byrd & Heart, Koh Mr Saxman, Luk Pad, and Deer A Cappella 7.
Sunday's show features Etc, Ice Sarunyu, Dunk Pankorn, Parn Tanaporn, Om Sunisa, Tik Shiro, Peter Corp and Modern Dog.
"Bangkok has a lot of music festivals, but we would like to do it KPN-style - good music, good singing and good live performances. We've invited artists who'll perform their own songs and are prepared to join together to entertain the crowds," says Paruethai Narongdej, the festival's president. "The audience will be able to chill out in the cool weather."
With a Bt10-million budget, the two-day music festival is expected to draw at least 50,000 people.
"We would like city people to enjoy a real leisure activity and forget their stress at the country's economic and political confusion," says the organiser.
Admission to the two-day music festival is free, except for VIP tickets, which are priced at Bt5,000 and available at Thaiticketmajor. Part of the proceeds from VIP ticket sales will go to the HRH Princess Somsavali foundation for Friends In Need of ("Pa") Volunteers.
Kitchana Lersakvanitchakul
The Nation


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TEAMS: Boston Celtics
The Boston Celtics' backcourt keeps getting thinner. Leandro Barbosa left Monday's game with a knee injury, and it's not sounding good. Boston Globe writer Gary Washburn tweeted that the injury is likely to end Barbosa's season. Jason Terry's value is going up. He ended Monday's game with 12 points, three 3-pointers and six assists. I trust Jet more than Courtney Lee and Avery Bradley. I also wouldn't be surprised to see Jeff Green (18 points, a three, four rebounds, a steal and a block) get more run. An MRI tomorrow for Barbosa but it doesn't look good. Don't expect him back this season #celtics — gary washburn (@GwashNBAGlobe) February 12, 2013 KG says team was told injury will cost Barbosa the season #celtics — gary washburn (@GwashNBAGlobe) February 12, 2013 Expect the #celtics to be in the market for a point guard pronto — gary washburn (@GwashNBAGlobe) February 12, 2013
Kevin Garnett once again makes NBA history in win vs. Nuggets
Don't be shocked if Paul Pierce is added to the All-Star team
Your Morning Dump… Where borders will not restrain Danny Ainge's PG search
Report: Celtics Guard Leandro Barbosa Has Torn ACL, Done for Season
Kevin Garnett, Tim Duncan Highlight List of Best NBA Players Over Age of 35 (Photos)
Is anyone else as confused as me?
Celtics extend win streak to seven without Rondo
Kevin Garnett dropped a 'N*****' on air last night
Celtics' Leandro Barbosa suffers knee injury
Bobcats snap Celtics 7 game winning streak 94-91
The Celtics Continue To Ruin My Life
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Originally Posted by Hzurr
Yay English!//*glares are rap music*
Define irony.
Beguiler, you just got served.
ALL hail DirtyTabs, creator of this wonderful UserClone TRONpony!
X Stat to Y Bonus
Originally Posted by BRC
Railroading isn't saying "There is a wall there", Railroading is when you say "There is a wall everywhere BUT there"
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About the Blue Licks 1782
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Join Our Friends Group!
Revolutionary War Trail in Kentucky
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Watch a video clip aboutBlue Licks
See Photos of the 2013 Battle Re-enactment and Event
Blue Licks Battlefield State Resort Park is looking for vendors for the annual Revolutionary War battle re-enactment and commemoration, Aug. 16-17. Outside spaces are $35. Some spaces with electricity are available for $45.
The main area for this festival will be in front of the Pioneer Museum. Activities during the weekend include music, living history programs and a battle reenactment each day. Items sold at the Blue Licks Commemoration must be items handmade by the vendor. Vendors will not be permitted to sell store-bought or factory-made items.
Food and art vendors should contact Jean Dillon at 859-289-5507, toll free at 800-443-7008 or email email@example.com. Visit http://parks.ky.gov/calendar/details/battle-of-blue-licks-commemoration-2014/18410/ for a vendor application.
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When it comes to fashion, shoes are definitely my favorite thing to buy! I stumbled upon Sea of Shoes randomly when looking for a certain pair of Givenchy shoes online. I was instantly obsessed with Jane! Her passion for fashion reminds me of mine in high school when I used to sew clothes for my friends. Her sense of style blows me away and she is only 17 years old!! I truly admire her confidence and fashion risks she takes. She is doing something right because her risks all work. Even the way she decorates her "sets" when taking pictures is amazing…what a talented girl! It will be fun to watch her fashion journey and see what she does with her talent…hmmm a clothing line we can sell at Dash?
I'm actually going to visit Jane's vintage store in Dallas later this week so I hope I get to meet her and have a chat. I'll post updates soon!


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Syndicated —
Focal Point
Rather than hang a large piece of art, try applying a bold wallpaper print on a feature wall. For example, this Portland home, pictured below, uses wallpaper to define the wall behind the bed as a focal point.
2900 SE Martins St, Portland OR
For sale: $699,900
Wallpaper comes in a variety of materials and textures - from subtle to pronounced. New York Yankees shortstop Derek Jeter's high-end, Manhattan penthouse, below, features wallpaper in micro-suede.
845 United Nations Plx Apt 88B, New York NY
For sale: $17.95 million
More affordable textures include jute, metallic or glasscloth, which is shown in the bathroom in this California apartment.
5401 W 149th Pl Unit 11, Hawthorne CA
For sale: $549,900
Jazz up Small Spaces
Despite what you would think, a small print or really intense print works well in bathrooms where there is little wall space. Juxtaposed against cabinets and tile, printed wallpaper is interesting, not overwhelming. This Sammamish, WA home features a modern print in its master bath.
128 245th Pl SE, Sammamish WA
For sale: $699,950
Designer Papers
From vintage rolls to digitally reproduced, wallpaper is now available in a wide variety of styles. Actress Christina Ricci's home features a whimsical print that fits perfectly with the rest of the mid-century modern style of her Los Angeles home. Her house is currently available as a rental.
5417 Red Oak Dr, Los Angeles CA (above)
For rent: $8,000/month


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Planning for your Fall Wedding
August 1, 2014
While fall weddings are not as conventional as spring or summer weddings, they can still have the beauty of those earlier months.
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We will be closed on Monday, September 1st for Labor Day! We hope you have a great weekend with your friends & families!


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1 tablespoon butter, melted
3 tablespoons maple syrup
2 teaspoons orange zest
1 garlic clove, minced
Salt, to taste
6 cups peeled and cubed rutabagas (approximately 1 pound)
⅓ cup shelled pumpkin seeds
1. Preheat oven to 400° F.
2. Combine butter, maple syrup, orange zest, garlic and salt in a large bowl. Add rutabagas and toss to coat. Spread on a baking sheet and cook until tender, about 40 minutes.
3. Meanwhile, toast pumpkin seeds in a dry skillet over medium heat until browned, about 3 minutes, stirring regularly.
4. Top rutabagas with pumpkin seeds and serve.
Per serving: 216 calories, 7 g protein, 23 g carbohydrate, 12 g fat, 80 mg calcium, 2.3 mg iron, 35 mcg folate, 4 g fiber


text:
Just sharing some thoughts
Hi! So there's never a dull moment when you work in the wonderful world of video games. For instance, I just got finished with a move! That Dtoid HQ we had in SF is more or less done. For now a... more
Hi! So there's never a dull moment when you work in the wonderful world of video games. For instance, I just got finished with a move! That Dtoid HQ we had in SF is more or less done. For now a... more
Im writing this on my flight down to Los Angeles for E3 right now. Im excited. Its nice knowing that events like this can still make me excited eight years into this career. Though its an eve... more
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Why we're shutting down our Twitch efforts as you've known it? Because we couldn't afford it any longer. Since day one, the amount of money we put into Twitch has always been more than we've ever... more
XKUkC3c4TCo See this people? YOU SEE WHAT I HAVE TO GO THROUGH TO GET YOU EXCLUSIVES?! For context, the guy feeding me is Nigel Lowrie of Devolver Digital and we were goofing off waiting for s... more
Hi. So, uh, what's new? Lot's have changed around here, huh? Like, I'm the CEO of this company now. What the fuck is up with that? What's the best way I can say this? My life has been just bon... more
Allo allo! I'm back with episode 3 of The Bestiary, in which we take a look at how insects have been used in videogames over the years. I had some audio issues with Youtube normalizing the volume... more
...stuff I thought had long since been lost in a house-move when I was but a wee boy; words cannot describe my joy. 3 more
Hey guys! Long time no post, but with good reason... ok, sort of good reason. I've been working more on video stuff lately to get better at production and video narration. If you're wanting a sho... more
There are a ton of great free 2 play games out on the market now, so it's easier than ever to play with others. So what do you think of doing nightly F2P game nights? We have Team Fortress 2sdays... more
It's funny being in this business. Ask anyone and you'll find out that most people end up talking about videogames more than they actually play them. Usually that's been the case with me, but thi... more
Everything makes so much sense now. So so so much sense. Tonight on Twitter The examples of how to use my name in a sentence are equally priceless: Girl 1: Holy fucking shit Hamza is the best... more
http://youtu.be/hHz7SINF7vw We get a LOT of stuff sent to us on a regular basis. Here's what I've gotten in the last week and a half alone. more
Allo allo. Here with the second episode of The Bestiary! This time around I focus on one of my absolute favourite things in the entire world: dinosaurs. I go through a heeeaaaap of titles in this... more
Story time! Im at home, watching TV with my mom and a Papa Johns ad just reminded me of a funny period where I was trading NES game for pizzas at work. Years ago, my dad and uncle owned a game ... more
Man, it has been so long since I've posted an entry here. I generally just lurk these days. I've been really inspired by shows like JonTron, Continue?, and The Completionist, and decided to star... more
A long time ago, I posted a C Blog where I dumped a ton of game codes sitting in my inbox. Now I'm doing it again! Most of these codes were supposed to be given out during contests. But get this,... more
So the amazing AlphaDeus made songs about the staff and various community members at Destructoid. I can't believe I can say I have a theme song now. How cool is that?! The song AlphaDeus made for... more
Yesterday I spent most of my day looking back at Destructoid's content that went up while I was away in Europe for a month. Partly to just see everything that happened and partly to keep better t... more
SOPA and PIPA are really bad. Like really really really bad. Sites like Destructoid, Reddit, Twitter, YouTube, Wikipedia and so many community minded sites will be gone for good. EVERY entertai... more
OKAY! We're all drunk, it's great. Of course it's great. It's the Dtoid Community getting together at a convention for the sole purpose of getting drunk and maybe MAYBE playing some videogames.... more
I don't even know where to start, you guys. I meet so many people, did so many things that I just don't even know. Thank you to Carol who put me up at her place Wednesday night, made cookies ... more
So yeah, lots of new faces right? I'm sure you've all noticed ... or haven't because you just go straight to the C Blogs (which is cool!) We've brought on a lot of new people for a variety of r... more
Remember that panel I talked ? Well here's the video of it. I barely remember saying any of it, even five minutes after the panel was over. Many thanks to Derek Nolan of for letting me be a p... more
Hi! I suck! I've been very much in the shadows as of late and I hate that fact. After E3 I'm hoping to drop a majority of my editorial duties so I can refocus on what I love the most: The commu... more
Normally when we do contests on the site, prizes will default to a random person if a winner doesn't get back to us in the allotted time (five days). Starting NOW, instead of defaulting to some... more
At PAX East 2011 this past weekend, I joined Derek Nolan of on his long running panel, Online Gaming Communities and "Real Life" Relationships. I got to speak about my personal history as well a... more
Complete with awesomely, awesome trailer: Seriously. Wow. One of the best trailers I've seen for anything in quite a while. I've been following this game for fucking years now. I honestly th... more
So for awhile now, I've been noticing a ton of one sentence blogs popping up. Hell, the post right under this one sentence of nonsense.To all those people I say *ah-hem* YOU'RE DOING IT WRONG. ... more
I've lived 25 Valentine's Days since the day I was born... Of course I've been conscious of such date like 19 of them. Many iterations of such date I hated it, mostly because I think it's a Hol... more


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Caught On Video! Man Shoots At Michigan Gas Station Clerk Five Times [VIDEO]
Believe it or not the clerk is ok. It was all caught on video.
Believe it or not the clerk is ok. It was all caught on video.
Four people, including the gunman, were killed and 16 others injured in a shooting at Fort Hood in Killeen, Texas Wednesday evening. Fort Hood officials said the gunman was a soldier who had been receiving mental health treatment and that he died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
The police officer shot the dog in Flier, Idaho. Was he justified? Watch the video and decide.(please note the video is graphic and could be NSFW)
At least three students from Sexton High School in Lansing were shot Tuesday afternoon.
UPDATED 4:30 p.m. ET: Thirteen people are now confirmed dead, including shooter Aaron Alexis. An alleged second shooter is reportedly still on the loose.
A dog with an itchy trigger finger.....this is a story to tell!
The student whose December 19th prank caused much of the Grand Blanc school district to go in to lock down has been charged. The 15-year old is being charged as a juvenile, so the name will not be released. Law enforcement was on high alert because the prank happened just days after the horrific shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
Would you know what to do if an armed person showed up at your work place? Most of us would not. I know, it's sad we even have to address the issue.
A shooting at the Clackamas Town Center, which is located near Portland, Ore., has left at least three people dead and one seriously wounded, according to the Clackamas County Sheriff's Office. Officials say that one of the deceased was the gunman.
It's more than just a shooting. It is being treated like "domestic terrorism" by Federal authorities. A gunman yesterday arrived outside a Sikh Temple near Milwaukee and according to police reports, he shot and killed two people outside the temple, and then walked inside and killed four others.
A shooting took place over the weekend in Tucson, Arizona, killing six people and critically wounding 14 others, including Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords.
During a school board meeting, a man upset at the school board for firing his wife, comes in and fires at board members. No one was injured but the gunman himself. Watch the disturbing footage from ABC News: Read more to see the video - it is very intense, so parental discretion is in order.


text:
Donkey Kong Country Questions, Walkthroughs, Cheats. (Nintendo 64)
Also on: GameBoy Wii Gameboy Advance SNES
We have 1 questions and 0 answers for this game. See if your question has already been asked or ask your own to get the exact game help you need for Donkey Kong Country.
If you think you are great at Donkey Kong Country then test your knowledge by trying to answer the questions asked by our members, and help them out at the same time!
We have 1 Walkthroughs for Donkey Kong Country.
By black murasame63SNES/GBA Changes FAQ (GBA)
There are no discussions open for Donkey Kong Country yet.
Go to the Donkey Kong Country forums to start your own topic or browse the rest of the forums here.


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From time to time we provide discounts and special offers to certain individuals and groups. Below is our coupon of the month.
To redeem your coupon, print this page with the coupon and mail it back to us with your product registration card.
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Company Details
US Financial Resources
US Financial Resources Summary
US Financial Resources received their 250th complaint on .
Information about US Financial Resources was first submitted to Scambook on Aug 31, 2011. Since then the page has accumulated 369 consumer complaints. On average users reported $65.95 of damages. Scambook's investigation team reached out to this company a total of 9 times, Scambook Investigators last contacted them on Mar 25, 2013.
Company Information
- Website:http://www.usfinancialresources.com
- Phone:(866) 549-6225
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- Additional Employees: No known Employees
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- This Company Page started on August 31st, 2011.
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Company Rating
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Complaints Unresolved
- Unresolved Reported Damage $24,334.11
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Complaints Unresolved 369
Unresolved Reported Damage $24,334.11
The company statistics seen here display two important pieces of information about the business. "Complaints Unresolved" tells how many complaints consumers have filed about the company on Scambook. "Unresolved Reported Damages"shows how much money has been lost by all of users who filed complaints against the company.
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This score is purely based on complaints submitted to Scambook by consumers. Based on the submitted complaints, number grades from 10 (Highest) to 1 (Lowest) are assigned to businesses. If there is insufficient information or pending updates to a business' profile, you will see a 'NR' (Not Rated) score.
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Search ActivityFor 30 days
-Financial Consulting Resources
Recent Complaints
I was told that I would be reviewing a grant for $ 5000 that I didn't have to pay back ai was so excited that I could go back to school that I gave up my card number and was charged twice first $3.87 than as we kept talking my phone verified ...
US Financial Resources Complaint 328017 for $34.87
- Anonymous
- Posted On: 08/07/2014
- SBID # 8072aa7da8
I got a call from US Financial Resources and one man told me that I received state grant for my education. He told me that he had to do application for this grant and for that I need to pay 3.87 and he asked me about my card detail. I am so happy ...
US Financial Resources Complaint 327736 for $13.82
- Kiran
- Posted On: 08/01/2014
- SBID # f93b84384e
I got a call from a guy at this company stating I was approved for a Government grant for a business that I did not need to pay back but he could not give me a figure. He said I was pre-approved but I needed to give him my credit/debit card to ...
US Financial Resources Complaint 327376 for $3.87
- Kevin
- Posted On: 07/26/2014
- SBID # 54c928be3a
Company called claimed it was us government giving us citizens grant money! Ricky Williams informed me I qualified for a some of 4000.00 dollars all i needed was a credit card! I gave him a prepaged card! He gave me a account log in and a ...
US Financial Resources Complaint 326996 for $20.00
- mj
- Posted On: 07/17/2014
- SBID # 59bc0c191b
This is definately not a scam. because US Financial Resources has helped me thrice with the grants. So don't say scam or fraud. I'm safe just because of this grants. All thanks to US Financial.
US Financial Resources Complaint 326709 for $3.87
- Anonymous
- Posted On: 07/12/2014
- SBID # 37e4f79781
well he called and said his name was steve johnson and he was from the grant center of us resourses and i was eliable for a grant of 7,000 he told me to pay the money for processing fees and i would hear something from them by 7/11/14 and i havent ...
US Financial Resources Complaint 326619 for $5.01
- misty
- Posted On: 07/11/2014
- SBID # c5b669fa00
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Go to m.barnard.edu for the Mobile Barnard web app or download it from the App Store or Google Play.
Go to m.barnard.edu for the Mobile Barnard web app or download it from the App Store or Google Play.
Activist pursue human rights and the public interest.
A blueprint to improve the world's well-being.
HEOP scholars get on track for college and career.
The chair of the political science department draws on history to assess what's really needed in Afghanistan.
Seeing beyond the landscape.
While Torchbearers 2010 featured several new components, the March 9th event sustained its annual tradition of honoring donors and friends and recognizing student recipients of scholarship, internship, and fellowship funds.
Dr. Rae Silver, head of the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior at Columbia University and Helene L. and Mark N. Kaplan Professor at Barnard College, is studying what makes the master clock in our brain tick. Working to help advance Dr. Silver's research are Megan Manganaro '10 and Akhila Iyer '10, Barnard students majoring in neuroscience and behavior.
NYC Commission on Women's Issues and Barnard College create unique mentoring program giving New York City college students access to New York City's most successful women
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Yueguo Feng, general manager of Baidu's wireless business unit, announced the company's plans to further edge Google out of China by bringing Baidu search to Google-powered Android devices. Feng said that 80% of the Android smartphones that will be sold in China will have Baidu as its default search engine, according to a report from TechWeb. [...]
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China Unicom has announced today that their two newest Google Android based devices have been delayed as the Cupertino, CA company continues to battle China over internet search censorship issues. The devices include an offering fro... Read Post
Big mobile plans afoot for Baidu, the Google of China that leads in search and has launched a host of other services in the wake of that business. The company today unveiled the first smartphone to be built on its own platform, the ... Read Post
Baidu, China's most-used search engine, is reportedly working with handset makers to become the default search box on Google Android phones. Such a move by Baidu would completely negate Google's primary business reason for offering ... Read Post