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Is the U.S. Sowing the Seeds for Child Immigration?
While tens of thousands of Central American children stream across our Southern Border, the U.S. government scrutinizes a rural development program proven to create real jobs and opportunity in communities of origin and for hundreds of poor Salvadoran families.
Salvadoran farming communities celebrated a victory for food security and sovereignty this month. After posturing by the United States on how El Salvador purchases corn and bean seed to feed over 560,000 low-income subsistence farmers and their communities, U.S. officials backed off of the issue. The Salvadoran government proposal on seed had satisfied their demands, the U.S. Embassy said, and it would no longer hold up a much-anticipated $277 million aid package over whether or not El Salvador offered its procurement to transnational agricultural suppliers.
This was no small feat, considering current behavior of the United States in its dealings with El Salvador. For the past nine months, the United States has been conditioning a new round of development aid through the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) on specific reforms to a variety of Salvadoran economic and security policies. Since 2011, the Salvadoran government has delivered on a number of policy reforms, including new frameworks to promote public private partnerships. Throughout this process, the United States has not acknowledged progress in any of these reforms unless specific laws were passed, signed and ratified in El Salvador.
But on corn and bean seed, the United States conceded that it would table the issue until the fourth quarter of 2014, substantially softening its position with El Salvador for the first time in months.
The U.S. softening on seed reflected a stark political reality evolving in Washington: the United States was beginning to look tone deaf in Central America. As you read this, tens of thousands of children are streaming across our southern border, many of whom are fleeing violent situations that persist in impoverished local communities in places like El Salvador. How could the United States make overtures toward improved cooperation in the region on one hand, while on the other obstruct rural development programs proven to create real jobs and stability for thousands in the family farming sector?
Far worse, the United States appeared to be holding up a development aid package designed to generate much-needed economic growth over a relatively modest rural food security program. As actors like EcoViva have demonstrated, the U.S. was doing so based on scant evidence to back up their position. Seed was also beginning to overshadow more important priorities like a new money laundering law. Heightened pressure from the press, as well as Democrats in the House of Representatives, also elevated the issue to a place that neither Washington nor the U.S. Embassy wanted it to be.
What transpired on seed reveals a deeper issue concerning inconsistencies with U.S. policy in the region, and Washington´s acknowledgement of the reality of the public programs that improve the lives of the majority of Salvadorans—either with those children that flee violence in their home communities, or those that stay behind to eek out a living.
As EcoViva has reported in a number of news outlets (here, here, here, and here), on this blog, and directly to U.S. officials, the Salvadoran government has made measurable progress in improving the way it purchases corn and bean seed over the last five years. In 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture opened up its procurement to purchase better, more desired corn seed at a significantly cheaper price than what had been offered historically to El Salvador by transnational companies like Monsanto and Pioneer. Through an executive decree, the government was able to procure a product that it wanted, a variety of certified hybrid corn seed known as "H59", from 16 domestic entities—many of whom are local cooperatives consisting of the very same limited-resource family farmers that qualify for support through El Salvador's Family Agriculture Program.
This decree also allowed the government to respond in a timely manner to seasonal requirements of their family farmers that produce corn–requirements that don't conform to the existing bureaucracies and timelines for contracting. How can El Salvador fulfill its contractual obligations to pay seed producers to plant product in December or January, if it is obligated by law to wait until January to begin a three-month bidding process before any seed can go in the ground? Over 400,000 family farmers plant corn in May each year to correspond to the wet season, and can't wait around for a bureaucracy to put corn in the ground, or food on their table.
All this didn't matter, said the United States Trade Representative (USTR) in Washington. Above all, El Salvador needed to produce an "open, competitive, transparent, and rules-based" procurement process to purchase seed. Essentially, the U.S. government was under the impression that El Salvador's seed buying process was systematically excluding certain kinds of businesses—in this case, transnational seed providers. When word got out that the U.S. was conditioning aid on El Salvador's purchase of corn and bean seed from transnationals like Monsanto, the "anti-Monsanto"and "anti-GMO" drums inevitably began to beat on the internet and social media.
But as EcoViva reported, the actual buying process in question during 2014 had already opened up to international businesses since 2012. Requests for bids had been published openly in domestic newspapers, and the same direct purchasing methods under scrutiny for seed had taken place numerous times in the past while USTR remained silent. EcoViva and collaborators at OxFam America provided documentation and existing regulations to USTR related to the bidding process and oversight on seed , which USTR admitted they had never seen before. Moreover, seed procurement prior to 2012 also appeared less competitive: just five businesses provided seed at nearly twice the price, versus 18 currently at more affordable prices for the government.
In other words, the current procurement produced more accepted bids for a better product at a cheaper price, and information was accessible to EcoViva and other growers who applied for the bid from the Ministry of Agriculture. It even included several businesses that had imported seed, and participated in past procurements that USTR had no problem with, and allowed the government to obtain a product through a bidding process that allowed its budget to reach a historic number of farmers, each of whom receive 22 pounds of H59 and corresponding farming inputs. How was this process not competitive, open, transparent, or rules-based? And, more importantly, how did it represent a "regression" in procurement policy, as had consistenly been the USTR´s claim?
Now, it's no surprise that those who failed to compete for the current seed procurement contracts got upset and called foul. Last April, a representative from the American Chamber of Commerce complained in a Salvadoran newspaper that the seed provided by businesses like Monsanto affiliate "Cristiani Burkard" was a superior product that should be purchased over domestic, certified corn seed like H59. Not so fast, said officials at the Salvadoran Ministry of Agriculture. Monsanto varieties like 30F-Decal and H5, they say, provide a lower grade corn by-product suitable only for tamales, exhibit lower germination rates, and have demonstrated reduced yields on Salvadoran farms compared to H59. According to El Salvador's National Seed Law, amended most recently in 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture is obliged to purchase adapted hybrids with 80% germination rates, accompanied by field tested adaptation studies from at least 10 discrete samples. H59 met these requirements, 30F and H5 from Monsanto did not. Not to mention that these businesses were offering the 30F and H5 varieties for higher prices than the domestic cooperatives producing H59–$156 a unit versus $125 by domestic producers of H59. Currently, H59 is only grown in El Salvador by Salvadoran farming cooperatives like the five in the Lower Lempa, making it uniquely adapted to the region and growing conditions.
Of course, all policies and processes can be improved. Nearly three weeks after the Salvadoran government offered a proposal, the U.S. Embassy finally acknowledged publicly that they were satisfied with how things would progress—and only after press coverage associated with the region and child migration flows began to look untenable. USTR commented that it was willing to work with El Salvador on specific improvements to the seed procurement method, including the timing, publication, time to present offers, and open access to information for the bids among all interested parties.
By all means, let's improve paperwork transparency and expand access to information. The corn and bean seed procurements should also be made available on El Salvador's government contracting website, "COMPRASAL." But again, these same issues signaled by USTR on seed procurement also occur repeatedly in other procurements throughout the Salvadoran government—procurements that conform to Salvadoran law, but could present problems under the same CAFTA-DR Chapter 9 issues being brought to bear by USTR on seed—if USTR decided to enforce them, like they decided to on seed. And it seems difficult to justify how publicizing a call for bids for 40 days versus 15 significantly improves "openness", when the procurement is repeatedly made every year, and product standards for seed are established in a 2005 law accessible to anyone with a Google search engine.
Making government purchasing more transparent is an important goal. But does it justify an unprecedented hold up in foreign aid to a country that has proved its commitment to work closely with U.S. actors like the Millennium Challenge Corporation? As press heated up over seed procurement, U.S. officials decided that their arguments on seed no longer warranted the potentially bad publicity at a time when Congress was scrutinizing the Obama administration's actions and policies in Central America on immigration, security and development—and well they should. So far, Obama´s $3.7 billion dollar request contains $300 million for State Department actions geared toward improving the Salvadoran condition. Perhaps the United States should first clear up how its current programs contribute to addressing migration "push factors" in the region.
Salvadoran seed producers should also remain confident but vigilant. They currently provide a product that the Salvadoran government prefers at a competitive price. If the U.S. is serious about improving transparency and competitiveness of this bid, this should only be made more apparent in the months to come.
UPDATE: El Salvador's "Action Plan"
After this blog was published, the U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador, Mari Carmen Aponte, clarified on a national television program that policy reforms such as seed purchasing, public-private partnerships, and a new money laundering law were suggested by the previous Salvadoran administration under Mauricio Funes, and included a total of 13 distinct policies to be revised to improve El Salvador´s investment climate. These policies were detailed in an "Action Plan" proposed by El Salvador, she said, and since the approval of $277 million through the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States was seeking timely completion of these efforts.
Like any country on Earth, El Salvador has a responsibility to meet its obligations under international and bilateral agreements, including dealings with the United States. Foreign aid should also not be a blank check. However, the exact nature of these obligations, including who from Washington is ultimately responsible for enforcing their completion, seems to exist on a constantly shifting and sliding scale. Regarding El Salvador´s "Action Plan"–the details of which have not been made public–EcoViva sees a lack of consistency within Washington development agencies on who ultimately oversees the reform process, and who has final say on progress and completion of this "Action Plan" in Washington.
For its part, the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) has been forthcoming in its particular requirements for an improved investment and business climate in El Salvador. Until November of 2013, these policies had included bureaucratic improvements in business start-up and transaction costs, illegal property seizure, improvements in special business zones, reforms to police actions on financial crimes, and public private partnerships. Then, in December 2013, the MCC sent a letter to the Salvadoran government which stated that El Salvador would also need to account for free trade compliance issues, alongside specific improvements to public private partnerships and money laundering policies, both of which had recently been passed and approved by large margins in the National Assembly.
Where had free trade compliance come from? It had certainly not been mentioned previously by the MCC. Nor was it on the agenda of the Council for Economic Growth in El Salvador, a private sector round table that embodies the U.S. "Partnership for Growth" with El Salvador–or at least, as far as EcoViva could discern from conversations with U.S. officials and individual members of this round table, staffed by the IMF and members of FUSADES, a Salvadoran think tank.
To date, the Council for Economic Growth's reform agenda for spurring private sector participation in the Salvadoran economy has not been made available to the public–despite the fact that calls for greater civil society participation and transparency in the Partnership for Growth had been acknowledged by the U.S. State Department.
As it turned out, the United States Trade Representative (USTR), the federal agency charged with promoting and enforcing free trade agreements around the world, like CAFTA-DR, had pressed the issue. USTR sits on the MCC's Board of Directors, officials said, and had raised concerns about what they considered to be "regressions" in El Salvador's compliance with CAFTA-DR standards. These regressions, they said, were outlined in a recent report that included polices on international property rights, pharmaceutical purchases, Points of Origin, and seed procurement. USTR's seat on the MCC Board allowed them to not only comment on approving MCC aid to El Salvador–which was granted a green light by Board members, including USTR, in September 2013–but apparently USTR could also press for specific reforms, and re-prioritize them before the MCC and El Salvador could sign and ratify the $277 million aid package, as long as the reforms added to general improvements in El Salvador's business and investment climate.
Ah ha, okay. So perhaps USTR could help us understand whether or not progress on El Salvador's "Action Plan" was being made or not. But in conversations with USTR, it became clear that USTR didn't consider themselves to be either empowered or capable of assessing progress on El Salvador's action plan. As reported by EcoViva, USTR itself acknowledges that they can neither veto an MCC aid package as a Board member, nor define what specific progress looks like in advancing policy reforms. USTR as a federal agency has its own mechanisms for enforcing free trade compliance, just as the MCC utilizes its own evaluation process for assessing good governance and trade policies in partner countries like El Salvador.
So, the search for who has final say in Washington on progress toward El Salvador's "Action Plan" continues. Unfortunately, it may take a flood of tens of thousands of Central American children to get a reply, and perhaps from the highest levels of the Obama administration as El Salvador's president and other leaders meet in Washington with President Obama and Vice President Biden. It's unfortunate that our border crisis may be the only thing to jolt Washington out of its tendency to play hot potato with its diplomatic mission on El Salvador and the region.
Ultimately, El Salvador and other Central American government have the greatest responsibility for tackling the immense security and economic challenges facing the region. But this display of U.S. diplomacy, and the uncertainty it has helped engender, is not helping.
Young Entrepreneurs Start Local Tilapia Business
"Oh, we forgot the fish food!" Maira laughed as she turned back the way we came. I had just met up with Maira Alvarado, 22, and Kevin Quinteros, 20, at the community center in Ciudad Romero that morning. They had graciously agreed to give me a tour of the tilapia farming business they've launched with two of their peers from the aquaculture program at Megatec, a technical university in the department of La Unión. UDP-ABL, Unión de Personas Acuicultores del Bajo Lempa, as the business is called, is one of two youth-led tilapia farming projects in the Lower Lempa. (The other is a few miles away in La Limonera and I was also able to meet its leadership Raúl Domínguez, 21, and Jenny Chávez, 22.) After picking up the food from Maira's house – a pine green bucket filled with small sand-colored pellets – we set off again for the project site.
Thankfully it's a short walk from the center to the tilapia farm because even though it's only nine o'clock the day is already hot. Turning the corner after the new community health clinic, we arrive at a verdant lot. In front is a plot of newly planted corn and behind, in a grassy patch, sit two large cinder block tanks filled with dark glassy water that glints in the sun. I'm told that each contains 1,732 Oreochromis niloticus, commonly known as grey or Nile tilapia (one tank is also home to a freshwater turtle, we later observe). Though the fish spend the day at the bottom of the tanks where the water is cooler, I can see lots of little mouths gobbling up pellets as Kevin scatters them over the surface of the water.
"We feed the fish three times a day, at 9:00 am, noon, and 3:00 pm. Every two days we rotate who's responsible for feeding them, and every eight days we change the water. We also regularly monitor the conditions of the tanks and the development of the fish," Maira explains. The young entrepreneurs are recent graduates of Megatec, where they've been studying for the last two years, in large part thanks to scholarships provided by the Mangrove Association and EcoViva. Other than Kevin, who is from Usulután, all are from nearby communities – Ciudad Romero, El Carmen – and were very involved in the Mangrove Association's youth programs as teenagers. In fact, it was based on their leadership skills and commitment to their communities that they were awarded scholarships to continue studying.
Last year, the group was granted seed money for the tilapia project after their business proposal won top marks in a competition organized by the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture (OEI). They already had some land with a tank that had been built as part of a previous initiative seven years ago. The second tank was completed in January 2014, and in April they "planted" the first batch of tilapia fry, which take about three months to mature. It's an exciting moment because, after more than a year of hard work, Maira and her associates will be harvesting and selling the largest of the fish this weekend.
Of course, the young entrepreneurs have encountered a number of challenges. While the OEI seed money bought materials to build two tanks, fish fry, and enough food for the first few growing cycles, the entrepreneurs and their families have had to cover transportation of materials and labor costs. The project site also lacks electricity, which is necessary to run the oxygenation system for the tanks; fish growth and production have suffered as a consequence. They are seeking financial support from the Mangrove Association for the funds necessary to electrify the plot. Yet despite these obstacles, the group is confident: "It's been a difficult process, but I told myself that if I've already come this far, why would I leave it now? Sure, it's just beginning and we're going to have to work hard but something good will come of it. We have to keep moving forward," Kevin told me.
Now that they are fully-formed aquaculture technicians, Maira, Kevin, Glenda, and Wilson hope to continue serving their communities not only by offering a high-quality product at a good price, but eventually by providing employment to other community members, particularly youth, as they expand their operations. Poverty, lack of employment, and gang violence push many young Salvadorans to emigrate, which is why these tilapia farming projects are so remarkable. "Here there are few opportunities for young people. We've been very lucky and also worked really hard to build this," said Maira.
Through our conversation, it becomes clear that the opportunities that the Mangrove Association offers to young people in the Lower Lempa – from leadership programs to scholarships to, now, grants for small businesses – are crucial to strengthening communities both socially and economically. Thanks to these spaces, youth leaders like the entrepreneurs of UDP-ABL are contributing to the development of their communities.
Viva Fund Kick-off: Support Youth in El Salvador
Recently the media has been filled with stories of unaccompanied minors heading north from countries in Central America. Gang violence, economic insecurity, and a lack of opportunities are frequently cited as the reasons youth are pushed out of their countries of origin and in to the United States
How do you address these issues head on? How do you create more opportunities for education, creative expression, and economic security within El Salvador? While the solution is complication, the first steps to take are simple- let the youth take the lead.
Since 2002, EcoViva has supported youth programming in the Lower Lempa region of El Salvador. Overtime, the programs have changed to reflect the needs of local youth to include leadership training, capacity building, educational opportunities and extracurricular activities including art and sports.
To ensure the continuation of these programs and to strengthen the future generations in the Lower Lempa, we founded the Viva Fund Campaign in 2011 at our 15th anniversary celebration. Initially a scholarship fund, the Viva Fund has expanded along with our programs in El Salvador to include support for other initiatives. This year, youth have become entrepreneurs, putting their education and leadership training into practice by creating economic opportunities for themselves and other members of their community.
Today, we kick off our 4th annual Viva Fund Campaign. Please join us in celebrating the vibrant young leaders, taking control of their lives and investing in the future of their communities. Over the next six weeks, we will be sharing stories from the Youth Program and raising money to support their continued efforts. Donate today to ensure these efforts thrive.
Here are some ways to support the 2014 Viva Fund Campaign:
- Donate- Any amount helps. $15 can buy materials to support he artisan cooperative, $54 can pay for a field trip, and $80 can buy a bicycle.
- Become a Viva Fund Ambassador. Email me (Tricia) to join our team of crowdfunding ambassadors, spreading the word and fundraising to support the youth program
- Share the link to our donation page with your friends and family – through email, social media, or a short note.
- Host a house party or happy hour to tell your friends about why you support the Viva Fund
- Have other ideas? Email me to get started!
We thank you for your support and look forward to sharing more about the Youth Program in the weeks to come!
Seed distribution is the backbone for El Salvador's Family Agriculture Program. It is heralded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a model for rural development across the Central American region. Its seed distribution program responds to immediate food security needs of over 325,000 impoverished, small scale family farmers who would otherwise not have access to affordable farming inputs that helps them put food on their table, and feed their communities.
The Salvadoran government's ability to respond in a timely way to seasonal and growing requirements is fundamental to the success of this program. Corn and bean crops do not conform to bureaucratic procedures or national budgeting timelines. Thanks to the particular producers who have currently supplied the kind of seed that the Salvadoran government desires, at the cheapest price, this distribution program surpassed its goals in 2013, and reached over 400,000 small scale farmers while contributing over $25 million to the rural economy that led to record corn yields nationwide.
Below is a response to the Embassy's arguments on free trade compliance and seed procurement, published on the U.S. Embassy homepage on Thursday, June 19.
Embassy: "The U.S. government concern with the Ministry of Agriculture's procurement program is completely unrelated to the purchase of genetically modified seeds. Any rumor to the contrary is false."
EcoViva believes that recent civil society comments on U.S. support of Monsanto and GMOs reflect a general frustration with inconsistencies by the United States per seed procurement policy. Past procurement orders prior to 2012 clearly reflect a less competitive process that led to the acceptance of an inferior product at a higher price, from a fewer number of businesses. Through procurements prior to 2012, a Monsanto affiliate was awarded over 70% of the procurement order with more expensive seed product that offered yields achievable only with expensive chemical additives provided by the same company. Such expenses, when applied to the Government of El Salvador´s limited budget, made their outreach to the small scale farming sector less effective, in that they could not reach as many farmers that contribute to greater overall national yields. In contrast, current procurements have led to record yields and service to more farmers, thanks to a product especially adapted to El Salvador's growing conditions.
If the United States is not providing preference to specific U.S. providers like Monsanto, it should clarify why it did not comment on procurement procedures prior to 2012, when these procedures clearly reflect difficulties in the same criteria of "openness, transparency, objectiveness and competitiveness" per CAFTA-DR Chapter 9.
Embassy: "For the past two years, the Government of El Salvador has conducted its procurement program in a manner that raises concerns with regard to its government procurement obligations under the CAFTA-DR (Chapter 9 and its associated annexes), which requires an open, transparent, objective and competitive government procurement process that does not prejudge the outcome of a tender."
In December of 2012, El Salvador approved a procurement order that explicitly excluded non-domestic producers from eligibility for bidding. Passed by executive decree, this particular procurement order had a limited lifespan, and is now no longer valid policy. In January of 2014, the Salvadoran government produced a new call for bids, which provided a much more open bidding process with no exclusions, and even included categorical consideration of seed "importers" under its base for contractor qualifications. The government is currently working with three businesses that import seed from international sources. It's important to note that these three businesses also participated in past procurement processes, and clearly have not been excluded based on domestic or foreign affiliation.
The timeline (the last two years) that the United States identifies per their concerns is decidedly convenient for the U.S. argument, especially when analyzing the Salvadoran government's procurement process prior to two years ago. Records from the Ministry of Agriculture in 2009 and 2010 reveal a number of procurement orders for seed, agricultural supplies, and other goods and services (like gasoline for ministry vehicles) that were completed "by invitation" and "direct purchase" methods from a pre-selected business or group of businesses. These methods are the very same purchasing methods that the U.S. currently criticizes El Salvador for on its seed procurement starting 2012.
To our knowledge, the United States did not raise any concerns on agricultural procurement methods prior to 2012.
Embassy: "We are asking the Government of El Salvador to implement the procurement program for corn and bean seeds in a competitive, objective, and transparent manner that demonstrates to all stakeholders both El Salvador's commitment to the CAFTA-DR, as well as its commitment to good governance. Such principles are inherent in the provisions of the CAFTA-DR."
Salvadoran small-scale farmers that receive seed through the government distribution program indeed deserve to have access to products procured in an open, competitive, objective, and transparent way. For that reason, it is odd that the United States would criticize the current process that has allowed for product procurement from a more diverse array of businesses that offer cheaper and more competitive prices to the government, and ignore the previous, seemingly less competitive procurement methods. Prior to 2012, just 5 businesses fulfilled the procurement order for corn, compared to 18 currently. These 5 businesses, one of which garnered 70% of the procurement order alone, offered corn at nearly double the price currently offered by largely domestic producers: $350 per 100 pound unit, compared to $124 by current local producers. This price of $124 is also cheaper than what the Government of El Salvador would get on the open commodity market, BOLPROS, which currently offers corn seed at over $130.
Though the United States has yet to define what "competitive" means in practice under CAFTA-DR with seed procurement, more businesses currently offer the government of El Salvador a better product that it prefers at a cheaper price. The fact that the majority of these 18 businesses happen to be local, domestic producers should not be cause for "prejudgement" by the U.S. government and USTR.
Embassy: "[The Millennium Challenge Corporation] MCC is holding the government to its commitments in its action plan, including those related to the procurement program, prior to signing."
An analysis of Chapter 9 acknowledges that seed procurement can be made by executive decree as long as it is transparent, open, objective and competitive. The Salvadoran government has clearly made substantial progress since 2012–especially when compared to procurement methods utilized prior to 2012. Given the Salvadoran government's action plan to address a number of other concerns per CAFTA compliance, the United States should stop moving the goal posts on policy reform, and should cease to make an example of domestic growers for the symbolic purpose of pressing a new Salvadoran government on its intent to fulfill an international agreement.
Though USTR holds a seat on the MCC's Board of Directors, it cannot veto compact approval based on "concerns" per El Salvador's domestic policies and free trade, especially when no explicit legal action has taken place. Nor is USTR in a position to define for the MCC what "specific progress" means in regard to the Government of El Salvador's Plan of Action to address, in good faith, free trade concerns. USTR has its own mechanisms for addressing free trade concerns without leveraging other agencies to pressure for things that fall outside of their mandate. Based on the federal legislation that established the Millennium Challenge Corporation, its mandate does not include enforcement mechanisms of free trade compliance. Nor do the MCC's independent indicators of good governance and trade policy indicate a failure on El Salvador's part, and therefore do not justify an unprecedented hold up in signing this second compact.
A few weeks ago, EcoViva published an article on TruthOut about domestic seed production in El Salvador, and how the United States under its free trade agreement seeks modifications to Salvadoran law that enables domestic, small-scale enterprises to participate in the government seed purchasing program. So far, the issue remains unresolved as El Salvador's new administration takes the reins this week, and domestic growers prepare to supply over 400,000 family farmers with certified corn seed to improve national food security.
Having signed CAFTA-DR, El Salvador must abide by Chapter 9.2, which states that it cannot "treat a locally established supplier less favorably than another locally established supplier on the basis of degree of foreign affiliation or ownership." U.S. concern with this specific Chapter implies that the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) thinks that E l Salvador's current seed procurement law is systematically discriminating against a certain kind of seed supplier—in this case, foreign or transnational interests.
However, an examination of the current seed procurement rule, El Salvador's history with seed procurement, and national frameworks for government contracting, makes USTR claims inconsistent at best, and misinformed at worst.
El Salvador set forth the current seed procurement process during the Funes administration, through an executive decree approved by the National Legislative Assembly. At the time it was established, the Ministry of Agriculture justified this special decree based on timing and growing requirements. El Salvador's current government contracting rules, known as the "LACAP" law, required an approved national budget before any contracts could be solicited, and at minimum three-six months to manage the bidding process. When this procurement was proposed, El Salvador's nearly 400,000 limited-resource farmers, and seasonal requirements for a successful corn harvest, couldn't wait for a general national bureaucracy not designed for immediate food security needs to put food on their table.
During the first phase of seed procurement, the temporary decree that was established spoke about the categorical exclusion of international producers in Article 2. However, in the current procurement order, this article was modified to open contracts to both domestic and international producers. The current law was also endorsed by the Ministry of the Economy, which is tasked with overseeing CAFTA-DR compliance in El Salvador
Such special procurement rules are not new in El Salvador, nor was this particular seed procurement unprecedented. Even since EcoViva's earlier blog post released just several weeks ago, the Salvadoran government produced a special procurement order for fungicide to combat coffee blight. This relied on a similar direct buying process with an oversight committee of appropriate authorities at the Ministry of Agriculture—the very same oversight committee structured with seed procurement that is now being criticized for non-transparent processes.
Neither the USTR, nor the same Salvadoran actors that criticize seed procurement, spoke up about this procurement order for fungicide, nor other similar prior contract processes.
The most recent seed procurement rule, which has already expired for the 2013-2014 growing season and is no longer valid, also followed an open and publicized process. The latest procurement cycle was published in national newspaper on April 8th, 2014, and conformed to a list of contractor requirements also made available to all soliciting contractors. Within these contractor requirements, under Section 4K, the procurement rule stipulates a verifiable process that "seed importers" must abide by if they are to be competitive for the bid. Nowhere in the latest seed procurement process were international producers categorically exempted from the bidding process…in fact, this special categorization allows for the oversight committee to provide specific attention to imported seeds, and their suppliers who produce or purchase this seed from the international marketplace.
U.S. authorities also signal problems with the "competitiveness" of the current seed procurement process. This seems odd given El Salvador's history with these programs. Before the Funes administration, Ministry of Agriculture officials confirm that just three producers fulfilled the government's purchase orders with 70% being awarded to the largest contractor, in this case, "Cristiani Burkard Seeds." This company made the bid from their international affiliate "Pioneer", a subsidiary of Monsanto, and negotiated a price at more than twice the amount currently given to domestic producers today, ($350 dollars per quintal versus $124 offered currently by local producers) according to Ministry officials.
Today, 16 distinct producers directly provide over 90% of the government's certified corn seed stock, at a price nearly $10 dollars cheaper than if the government purchased them from the open commodity market. Three of these domestic businesses also participated in seed procurement processes prior to 2009, and continue to offer quality product at the cheapest price to the government. Through the current seed procurement process, El Salvador's small scale farmers receive certified seed from a larger, more diverse array of producers than had been contracted previously.
By and large, these 16 producers (plus two non-domestic producers for a total of 18 producers countrywide) are agricultural cooperatives that represent hundreds of limited-resource families. These producers have worked with agronomists at the Ministry of Agriculture to produce the 88,000 quintales of certified corn specifically desired by the Ministry of Agriculture, and Salvadoran farmers nationwide for its adaptability, nutritional characteristics, and timely process ("fresh" seeds are ideal for higher corn yields).
It's true that these local cooperatives aren't equipped with the administrative capacity, lawyers or certified accountants required to access conventional contracting processes. Among 5 of these 18 producers relied on EcoViva's partner at the Mangrove Association to assist with the administration and oversight, as well as the technical assistance to train cooperatives to produce certified seed in line with government requirements. Gearing government procurement procedures to small and medium enterprises, with accompanying technical assistance, conforms to WTO standards and also abides by recent reforms of Article 38 of El Salvador's LACAP contracting procedures. Again, USTR did not comment when these reforms were passed in 2012 to provide categorical inclusion of small and medium enterprises in El Salvador's contracting processes, even when actors like Salvadoran Chamber of Commerce (ANEP) publically criticized the reform.
In many respects, the current seed procurement law is actually more competitive than El Salvador's previous contracting process, and certainly cheaper for the government. These 16 growers are currently negotiating as a sector with the Ministry of Agriculture to offer corn seed already in the ground for the next growing cycle, are producing on credit that relies on these future contracts as collateral. Likewise, the specific variety of corn seed, H59—developed by growers in El Salvador over the last 17 years–is resistant to blight, provides enhanced nutritional value and characteristics that Salvadorans enjoy in the ubiquitous tortilla, and offers efficient yields given the limited capacity of small-scale producers in El Salvador to purchase expensive additives that other seeds require.
On my flight back to the Bay Area I had a chance to reflect on what I was feeling about my first trip to El Salvador as EcoViva's new Executive Director. I'm sure there must be a language that has a word that expresses the sensation of feeling humbled-honored-energized all at once.
I feel humbled and honored to get to work with such amazing partners. They truly are inspiring activists and leaders who day in and day out are building the institutions and alliances and doing the hard work that is putting their communities on the path to sustainable development. I was impressed by people like Estela Hernandez, a leader with the Mangrove Association and who was elected to the Salvadoran Assembly; Marvin Alvarado who took me out on the bay to show me the work of mangrove restoration and to meet with fishermen who renounced a dangerous and destructive practice of blast fishing and are now practicing more sustainable line and hook fishing, aka Pesca Limpia; Walberto Gallegos who shared the Mangrove Association's strategic priorities; and Juan Luna who has a vision for building a co-op that will help farmers move their goods to market and channel the profits to supports the Mangrove Association. It made me think about the experiences that our Community Empowerment Tours (CETs) participants have had.
Shameless plug: if you haven't participated in one of our CETs, I invite you to either join us on an open trip or contact Tricia to see about organizing one with your university group, congregation, or professional association, like Engineers without Borders. It just so happened that my trip overlapped with the Engineers Without Borders, Iowa City Professional Chapter's visit and I had a chance to meet them in Ciudad Romero. This team of experts consisting of practicing engineers, engineering professors, students and a retired firefighter with a passion for the region and its people were working on technical assessments for clean water projects.
This experience has left me completely energized because I had the opportunity to witness, experience, and participate first-hand in the impact that we're having. Even as I travel back home, I'm excited and looking forward to my next trip to the region when I travel with the EcoViva board of Directors and other EcoViva supporters on the Climate Resilience and Local Leadership CET. During the tour, our board and the Mangrove Association board will meet to assess our programs and collaborations and chart out our next steps as movement partners.
In the face of mounting pressure from free trade agreements and transnational corporations, the people who produce, distribute, and consume food are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain a just and equitable local food system. In response, small-scale farmers around the world are calling for food sovereignty, the right of communities to healthy, culturally appropriate, and sustainably produced food, and the freedom to determine their own food and agriculture systems.
Seeds are the first link in the food chain and give life to food sovereignty. This is particularly evident in the Lower Lempa region of El Salvador, where since 2011, cooperatives have been producing certified corn seed for the government's Family Agriculture Program, which distributes the seed along with fertilizer to 400,000 small-scale farmers throughout the country.The program helps small-scale farmers surmount economic and technical barriers to ensure their families have adequate and nutritious food.
The Family Agriculture Program is part of the left-leaning Salvadoran government's strategy to promote food sovereignty in a country that has a long history of food insecurity, social conflict, and ecological degradation related to industrial agriculture. It has strengthened the technical ability and capacity of local agricultural cooperatives to cultivate seeds and food so crucial for the food security of the nation and the rural economy. The seed component of the program has resulted in record corn production since its implementation, and generates more than one million daily wages each year in rural areas where local economies rely almost entirely on agriculture. In 2013, through domestic seed production, the Family Agriculture Program invested $25 million in the Salvadoran economy and the rural cooperatives and associations that supply it.
Capitalizing upon the opportunity to leverage the approaching $277 million Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) U.S. aid package, however, the U.S. Embassy has recently called into question the legality of the seed program, citing section 9.2 of the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). This article stipulates that both international and domestic providers receive equal consideration in the procurement of goods and services. Though clearly an issue acknowledged through El Salvador's bi-lateral trade relationship housed with the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), the MCC, has instead called for the opening of El Salvador's domestic seed program to greater competition, including traditional ties with Monsanto and its respective subsidiaries. This seemingly contradicts the MCC's own mandate, their El Salvador country performance scorecard for good governance indicators, and, ironically, the current competitive nature of the seed program.
In the Lower Lempa, EcoViva's partner the Mangrove Association has helped five other local cooperatives access the seed program, serving as the interlocutor between these institutions, the hundreds of individual farmers and families they support and the Ministry of Agriculture. Collectively, the Mangrove Association and these cooperatives produce over 45% of the corn seed for the Family Agriculture Program. The Mangrove Association's team of agronomists and engineers provides technical assistance to the cooperatives, who prior to the program, had little experience in growing crops for seed at such scale. The Mangrove Association also serves as the local institutional structure to manage credit, support the administrative system to pay the cooperatives and farm workers, and facilitate the certification process.
With over 20 years of experience working with the small-scale farmers in El Salvador, the Mangrove Association believes that they can compete with transnational agricultural giants like Monsanto because they offer a superior product at a better price, seed that is more suited to the unique food and agriculture systems of El Salvador. The local cooperatives and associations that supply the Family Agriculture Program must comply with strict guidelines regarding the production of certified corn seed that maintain the genetic integrity of the hybrid variety, ensure proper cultivation and processing practices, and meet the highest quality standards. The process is regulated by Ministry of Agriculture every step of the way, including several site visits to every supplier in the program each growing cycle.
In addition to greater quality control and regulation, domestic suppliers of certified corn seed produce a specific hybrid variety, H59, which is uniquely adapted to the extreme and diverse climate of El Salvador. In a program that distributes seeds all over the country, the variety must be able to thrive in the arid conditions of coastal lowlands and wet conditions of mountain highlands, and also be resilient to the increasingly frequent floods and droughts that often occur in the same growing season. The H59 variety has been bred to optimize production according to the specific conditions found in El Salvador. While transnational companies often boast seed with higher average yields, practical experience in El Salvador has shown that those yields do not stand up to the H59 variety when it comes to the harsh and varied conditions of El Salvador. As extreme weather conditions in El Salvador continue to change unpredictably and vary throughout the country, domestic producers are in the best position to monitor and respond to the local effects of global warming, and adapt the seed stock accordingly.
Surprisingly, the Mangrove Association actually provides certified corn seed cheaper than what the government has been able to purchase on the open commodity exchange market BOLPROS. This past year, the Salvadoran government purchased 9% of its certified corn seed from the BOLPROS market at $132 per 100 lbs. The Mangrove Association was able to supply the government with certified seeds at $123 per 100 lbs. The Mangrove Association seeds, as with all domestically sourced seeds in the program, were also monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture to make sure they comply with quality controls and standards.
Perhaps most importantly, domestic producers supply the Family Agriculture Program with a white corn variety that is preferred by Salvadorans. This ensures that 400,000 small-scale farmers and their families work with a variety that is familiar to them, that they know how to cook, and that they enjoy eating. It sustains the cultural heritage of the Salvadoran campesino and preserves important traditions of Salvadoran life, like the ubiquitous tortilla that no meal is complete without.
Despite the success of the Family Agriculture Program's domestic seed production model, the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) continues to pressure the government of El Salvador to open seed procurement away from local, domestic producers in order to move forward with the foreign aid compact.This unprecedented demand for domestic policy change in a partner country is even more surprising given that agriculture and food security are not part of the activities included in the compact–nor were they part of the compact negotiations. In fact, the MCC's own country performance scorecard already lists El Salvador as having met and maintained satisfactory performance under its "Free Trade" standard.
Even after the MCC Board approved the compact this past September, El Salvador has responded to criticisms by the MCC by strengthening new illegal property seizure laws and making reforms to public-private partnership policies. However, demands that undermine a government food security program do not belong in the MCC compact or U.S. foreign aid, particularly when those demands address compliance with CAFTA. While the U.S. Trade Representative is on the MCC Board of Directors, that does not change the mandate of the MCC-which is to reduce poverty through economic growth, not enforce free trade agreements. The Council for Economic Growth, the primary entity set forth with the blessing of the United States to provide private-sector involvement in economic reforms, has not signaled that seed acquisition is a priority. Moreover, procurements made under the current legislative decree, passed in December 2013 which also served to speed-up rapid action to meet near-emergency levels of food insecurity due to drought, have come and gone. There is plenty of time to discuss a new, potential agreement without pressure behind an already lagging MCC compact.
That the domestic seed procurement is in conflict with CAFTA is in itself up for debate, given the U.S. government may soon face a dispute settlement action via CAFTA where they will foreseeably defend a change in domestic law that effectively incentivizes domestic procurement of ethanol in conflict with its CAFTA obligations.The case raises the question as to whether a party can unilaterally modify its CAFTA commitment through domestic legislation. The U.S. interpretation in this case seems to be that when a party changes a domestic law, then a free trade agreement provision tied to that law may no longer be applicable. The case is, in many ways, very similar to the reasoning behind the seed component of the Family Agriculture Program. In both situations the CAFTA party, in an effort to favor the domestic market, has reinterpreted its free trade commitment after a change in domestic law. The difference is that in this case, the U.S. is actually defending a CAFTA party's ability to legally favor the domestic market by changing domestic legislation- the very thing the MCC and Embassy are criticizing the Salvadoran government for.
The Family Agriculture Program is an extremely popular and successful program, and has even been acknowledged by the U.S. Embassy as a leading rural development program that they themselves have invested in. The domestic seed procurement component is also a key factor to this success, by improving the country's food security and sovereignty, increasing production capacity, and boosting the local rural economy. Domestic producers have proven themselves capable of leveraging their unique knowledge of the local agricultural and food systems to provide top quality seeds at a competitive price. While criticisms of the program appear to be unfounded, the benefits to the Salvadoran people clearly are not. This is a program that has the legal standing and the performance record to continue.


text: Beauty and Fashion Must-Have Items For Spring! Fashion and Beauty Must-Haves For April by POPSUGAR Fashion UK 01/4/11 2 Reactions 10 Shares Print 0 1 9 0 0 April is all about Springtime fun. Yes, the rain is still here, but what comes from it now is a warm breeze, green grass and lots of pretty flowers. I'm most excited about how that translates into fashion and beauty and make no mistake, the weather absolutely influences them! From suncare to sunny yellow accessories, here are six items that I'm coveting right now. Take a peek through and let me know which pieces you like most! Balenciaga Lambskin Hip Bag What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 I am dying over everything yellow this season and this amazing Balenciaga Lambskin hip bag in Yellow (£475) is the perfect accessory to spruce up any Spring or Summer outfit. It's not too big, or too small and has a soft touch and lots of zip pockets to keep you organized. There's also a mirron inside as well as a detachable cross-body strap. 1 / 7 So Hooked on Carmella Fragrance from Benefit What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 So Hooked on Carmella (£29.50) is my favourite of the six fragrances launched last year in the Crescent Row Collection. Made from sandalwood, lemon, grapefruit, rhubarb, cyclamen, peony, tiare flower, vanilla and amber, it's a bit of a light, sweet and sexy scent all at the same time. It's not too overbearing and when I asked Mr. Bella what he thought, I got a smile and thumbs up! 2 / 7 Zadig & Voltaire Jean Ava in Red What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 These Zadig & Voltaire Jean Ava (£176) in red are super fly! I love the nautical colour that can be paired with either a preppy top or something black and studded to make it rocker chic. The cut is slim and they contain just a little bit of lycra for a snug fit. 3 / 7 Moroccanoil XLPRO Paddle Brush What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 This new paddle brush from Moroccanoil (£15.85) has changed my life. It has seriously cut down my drying time and it feels so good when I brush my hair with it because the bristles are so sturdy. Not to mention, the little orange piece at the end comes out so that I can perfectly part my super-straight hair. It's wide head helps detangle my hair, and is made from ceramic tourmaline to help eliminate frizz and smooth the cuticle of the hair. Do you have a favourite hair brush? 4 / 7 Miu Miu Mini Bag What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 These adorable, mini bags from Miu Miu (£255) have just been launched and they are flying off the shelves. Who wouldn't want a teeny- tiny version of the brand's most iconic bag! They come in four colours and are adorned with gold hardware, buckles and pockets — oh the choices this season! 6 / 7 Soleil Suncare Lip Protection SPF 30 Tesco What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tesco is just about to launch an amazing and very exciting collection of suncare products at affordable prices. Out of the body, baby, pre and post sun goodies, I especially love this SPF 30 Lip Stick (£2.97) that I can also use on my eyelids, nose and ears. The higher the SPF the better, and this range also protects you from both UVA and UVB rays. The entire range launches today at aTesco stores nationwide. 6 / 7 Which Spring Product Do You Love Most? What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 / 7 0 1 9 0 0 Read More BalenciagaShopping Editor's PickBrushlMoroccan OiMiu MiuZadig And VoltaireSPFSun CreamMust HavesTescoBenefit littlemunchkin 3 years I love the Balenciaga bag, and the mini Miu Miu ones too! Also really love the bottles that the Benefit perfumes come in. I can't pick a favourite!

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Coca Cola Bottle Lamp
In the current economy, it's more valuable than in the past to try and save money on each and every purchase you make. One of the best kept tips for saving money on Coca Cola Bottle Lamp would be to order yours on Ebay. There is absolutely no reason to shell out a high price when you can get a bargain on Coca Cola Bottle Lamp or Coca Cola Bottle Lamp accessories on Ebay. Ebay has 1000s of Coca Cola Bottle Lamp and Coca Cola Bottle Lamp accessories available for purchase every day. This blog is authorized by Ebay to help you find very good bargains on Coca Cola Bottle Lamp. If you don't see the product you are looking for, use the search to find the best selling prices on Coca Cola Bottle Lamp on Ebay.
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Bibliographic Details
Title: The Nazarene
Publisher: Putnam NYC 1939
Publication Date: 1939
Binding: Hardcover
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Shipping Terms: Orders usually ship within 2 business days. Shipping costs are based on books weighing 2.2 LB, or 1 KG. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required. For Euro Customers: ManofBooks is a Sole Proprietorship operated by Thomas Dowling and located in Washington, DC Our address for operations and all communications is: ManofBooks 3802 Military Rd NW Washington DC 20015 You can reach us via phone at +1 202 966 3473 or at firstname.lastname@example.com
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Domitalia USA - PhantomProduct Id: 480889 Phone Code: 43D3-4C40
Product Description
This award winning armchair from the impressive phantom collection has a exquisite design that glows. the armchair has a polyethylene frame that provides support and defines its look. molded to perfection from rotational technology from recyclable material, it is high in quality and durability. this unique translucent chair is an ideal fit for the outdoors.
- Arm chair in translucent finish
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- Overall Product Dimensions: 32.25"H x 27.5"W x 23.75"D


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Long time lurker first time poster here, just wondering if anyone has tried the A2Z disc adapter with any older gt avalanche frames. i did some searches and nothing realy came up. there are none at my LBS so i cant try it first. i dont realy know that much about gt bikes and im realy even sure what year the frame is. any advice would be great.
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nonpartisan reviews
Originally published 04/16/2013
U.S. Practiced Torture After 9/11, Nonpartisan Review Concludes
WASHINGTON — A nonpartisan, independent review of interrogation and detention programs in the years after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks concludes that "it is indisputable that the United States engaged in the practice of torture" and that the nation's highest officials bore ultimate responsibility for it.The sweeping, 577-page report says that while brutality has occurred in every American war, there never before had been "the kind of considered and detailed discussions that occurred after 9/11 directly involving a president and his top advisers on the wisdom, propriety and legality of inflicting pain and torment on some detainees in our custody." The study, by an 11-member panel convened by the Constitution Project, a legal research and advocacy group, is to be released on Tuesday morning.Debate over the coercive interrogation methods used by the administration of President George W. Bush has often broken down on largely partisan lines. The Constitution Project's task force on detainee treatment, led by two former members of Congress with experience in the executive branch — a Republican, Asa Hutchinson, and a Democrat, James R. Jones — seeks to produce a stronger national consensus on the torture question....
- David Rosand, an Art History Scholar Whose Heart Was in Venice, Dies at 75
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Hey, I like Giantbomb too! I play Akuma in AE, Stryker in MK, and Sean in Third Strike, so you can't call me a tier whore of any variety, except for maybe a variety minded tier whore. I also play Gears of War, NBA 2K11 (Warriors), and think Outland is my early favorite for Game of the Year 2011.
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El Golfet
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Panoramic photo by Matthias Kunze Taken 14:50, 31/03/2013 - Views
El Golfet
El Golfet is a beautiful small beach near Calella de Palafrugell. It is said to be quite crowded during summer-time, however during spring-time it is still relaxed here.
I really enjoyed taking this picture: it took some nice barefoot, free climbing with my backpack to get to this location.
Beautiful little beach near Palafrugell
View of Callela de Palafrugell, the southernmost bathing resort belonging to Palafrugell.
Cala d'en Roig, at a 10 minutes walk from Tamariu's beach, has some nice natural pools. A perfect adv...
In a 10 minutes footwalk from Tamariu Cala d'en Roig can be reached.
Bay of Tamariu, far too many nice spots to take photos here...
Tamariu, 6km to the east of Palafrugell, is small village embedded in between pine-trees. It has nice...
Europe is generally agreed to be the birthplace of western culture, including such legendary innovations as the democratic nation-state, football and tomato sauce.
The word Europe comes from the Greek goddess Europa, who was kidnapped by Zeus and plunked down on the island of Crete. Europa gradually changed from referring to mainland Greece until it extended finally to include Norway and Russia.
Don't be confused that Europe is called a continent without looking like an island, the way the other continents do. It's okay. The Ural mountains have steadily been there to divide Europe from Asia for the last 250 million years. Russia technically inhabits "Eurasia".
Europe is presently uniting into one political and economic zone with a common currency called the Euro. The European Union originated in 1993 and is now composed of 27 member states. Its headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium.
Do not confuse the EU with the Council of Europe, which has 47 member states and dates to 1949. These two bodies share the same flag, national anthem, and mission of integrating Europe. The headquarters of the Council are located in Strasbourg, France, and it is most famous for its European Court of Human Rights.
In spite of these two bodies, there is still no single Constitution or set of laws applying to all the countries of Europe. Debate rages over the role of the EU in regards to national sovereignty. As of January 2009, the Lisbon Treaty is the closest thing to a European Constitution, yet it has not been approved by all the EU states.
Text by Steve Smith.


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Episode 3 - DLC Becoming a 4 Letter Word?
in Video Games
Dave and Jeremiah discuss the new Call of Duty: Black Ops sequel as well as the pitfalls of DLC; is it ruining gaming as we know it?
Asked Episode 163.5 - Johnny Landin DLC Episode!
The Johnny Landin DLC add-on for Asked Episode 163.5: We'll talk about Trayvon Martin, George Zimmerman, Stevie Wonder and their weird love triangle. We'll discuss cows falling on Brazilian heads, Chinese Electrocutions by iPhones... sound familiar? that's because we're getting Johnny Landin's spin on it this time! But that's not all:
We're going to find out a little more about Johnny Landin's Cuddleslam experience, listen to rednecks learn the true meaning of Cuddleslam, and unveil and reveal our SPECIAL GUEST for Asked Episode 164. Also you never know who might call in or show up to Asked. This is one supplemental episode you will not want to miss! Join us!
The Sims 3 Island Paradise & SimCity DLC
in Video Games
QZJ discusses new info on The Sims 3 Island Paradise and the new SimCity DLC.
Good Game Guys Episode #27 EVO Hype
in Video Games
Good Game Guys. 07-09-2014
Every Week Wed Nights 10 PM PST
Hosted by:Deg,Dr.Captain,TKO along with the Good Game Gal: Stephanie and the Good Game Kramer: The_Spaniard
Good Video Game conversations, real raw talk on the gaming industry and society
*Hyped up- The Good Game Guys are getting those feels ready for Episode 4 of The Walking Dead Season 2 this month.
*Video Game News - EVO Starts up this Friday(June 11th) at 8AM kicking off things Smash Bros Melee, Tekken Tag Tournament 2, Injustice and Ultra StreetFighter. Lindsay Lohan sues Rockstar for using her likeness. A woman steals more than £1,000($1710.60 for us yanks ;P) from her disabled mother for Candy Crush Saga.
*Food for Thought - Has DLC just become acceptable?
*Call in - Got any questions or thoughts you'd like to share with the hosts? Feel free to reach them when the phone lines are open or shoot them your questions in the steam group chat.
That's What He Said S04E02-Irretrievable Mojo
in Comedy
We've got a ton of news on this week's That's What He Said! Lou and Freddy will bring you the story of an urban Legend turned fact! We've got more bad news for Batman Vs Superman! There's an update to Jem and the Holograms! Freddy gets more worried about social media as news! And Thanos gets cast! Tune in or give us a call at 323-693-3811 during the show to join the fun!
The 16Bit Assassins Episode 80: Side of Blazin!
in Video Games
Ladies and gentlemen, we are back and did we miss you, especially after two weeks, but we have a great show lined up for you this evening, tonight we're joined by Rob and Fab of the game-a-thoners, guys dedicated to helping charites by gaming once again proving gamers are good people, but that's not all, on episode 80 we talk some Mass Effect 4 rumors, PS4 get an editing video update, Goat Sim gets a box release, Last of Us has some DLC goodness, and we find out the Xbox One isn't selling as much as it should be, not only that, but a confirmed launch for Japan! Someone made a drowning sim and damn is is disturbing, Also on episode 80 we have some Dragon Age News, Batman Vs Superman lands another hero, Lord Marvel (Keith Feige) has some Avengers 2 fun, Disney has issues with Fett, Singer has issues with accusations. Marvel has plans for a fan favorite mutant, and the summer of Batman is set to kick off with a DC's variant covers. All this, and the usual tangets on Episode 80: Side of Blazin
THEMANMINDSET.com THE MAN CAVE SHOW
in Video Games
Ray Rice getting married to his abusive woman. Desean jackson getting cut by the eagles. Titanfall: Optimus Prime DLC for Xbox one.No Demo Planned for Watch Dogs. From FBI agent to whore now David Duchovny is going to star in NBC's Charles Manson TV show.
Last Mass Effect DLC New Difficulty modes and Thief returns?
in Video Games
WE are going to talk about mass effects last DLC and the New sleeping dogs and how suddenly games are getting added hard modes and a new Lost plantet plus the God of War ascension special edition budle comes with a giant DLC suprise and the new Dead Space DLC and MORE on this episode!!!
The Breakbeat - Race and Gender in Video Games
in Video Games
Join Noa Jones and MC Brooks on Wednesday, March 12th, as they engage in an in-depth discussion on race and gender in video games. The topic was inspired from a petition created by Noa to have 3 black female characters added to the Injustice: Gods Among Us video game as a DLC pack. They will discuss the petition, race and gender stereotypes, the role of black video game characters and much more. The show will also feature music from nerdcore musicians: MegaRan, My Protege, and Skyblew. Tune in and be sure to share the link. The number to dial-in is 310-982-4273.
GTA in the future?! and new DLC for ME3 and suda 51 bought!!
in Video Games
a teaser has been shown in mass of the mass effect 3 DLC. Call of Dudy voice actors visit the us troops and a GTA game in space!!! and more to come on this episode!!!
DaShizznett! Armand won the Royal Rumble pool and now CM Punk left!!!
On this Episode of DaShizznett Yolo can't stop talking about her love for nasty Beyonce and all dat ass!!! GG spazzes out about Virgil DLC on WWE 2K14 and Armand rubs in our faces that he won our Royal Rumble pool! The Crew and us also give you our crazy unique and informative view on CM Punk "Walk Out" Kenta Koboshi tryout, and PWG and National Pro Wrestling Day!!! OH WAIT how can I forget Happy Meals full of Heroine!!! Listen to us NOW!!!
That's What He Said S03E40 - Lingering Quickly
in Comedy
This week on That's What He Said, Lou and Freddy are prepared to answer many questions. Questions like what terrifying new DLC is coming to Call of Duty Ghosts? Will there be any more Friday the 13th movies? Who will be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame? Who's playing Ant-Man (yep, new info on this)? Can you cell phone ever be truly private? What, exactly, is it that he said? All that and much, much more tonight at 6:30pm! Call us at 323-693-3811 with any other questions!
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GAUTIER, Mississippi --- Cody Goldman, Bray Miles and Collin Jordan had three hits each as East Central topped Gautier 11-1 in Region 8-5A baseball action Friday night.
Eric Saksa got the win for East Central, striking out five in three innings. Saksa, Miles, Jordan and Hunter Hanson all had RBIs for the Hornets, who are 11-1 overall, 2-0 in region.


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Gov. Peter Shumlin isn't saying much about a potential opponent in the fall election.
Stowe Representative Heidi Scheuermann said Wednesday she's thinking about running against Shumlin on the Republican ticket.
Thursday, Shumlin declined to comment on Scheuermann's possible candidacy, but had this to say about her suggestion that he is beatable:
"Let's find that out on Election Day. And I think if I don't do my job, I, like any candidate, am beatable," said Shumlin, D-Vermont.
Shumlin has not officially launched his re-election bid and says he does not plan to talk about the campaign until after Labor Day. But he is talking with donors, raising more than $300,000 so far this year. Overall he has more than $1 million in his campaign war chest.
Related Story:
Stowe legislator mulls run for Vermont governor
PO Box 4508
Burlington, VT 05406-4508
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Moon and Sixpence B&B
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travel Blogs from Ucluelet
... finished building, wide open on one side....the kitchen. We wandered further and saw the crops. They look good. But still, it's just all rough. No one around but a friendly white dog. We walk on. Up on a hill we see another shack, and hear another dog barking. Out comes a teenager. Turns out he is Doug's son. Tells us that this dog is not as friendly. Of course, Marcos doesn't care about this, which makes me nervous. The fact that Ash (teenager) is a bit nervous about it, too, and ...
South to Ukee!
Other than the heavy rain, the marine weather forecast is in our favour today – off to Ukee! Filled
the water tanks and left at 9:45am. Although we were leaving out of a different channel this time, it was still very shallow heading out to the Pacific. The swell seemed to be coming from all directions as it was bouncing off of the zigzagging coast lines and islets. When we ...
Over the border by water
... huge here and as a result they have some great English pubs. We ended up at the Bard and Banker and had a couple of pints, K had bangers and mash and G a beef and Guinness pie, a positive change from our US fare.
Next day we ventured out on a whale watching trip. Had three hours out and about. We were hoping to catch some Orca whales, unfortunately they were hiding from us. Apparently they are very prolific around August and ...
Exploring Vancouver Island
... climbing into our kayaks. It was so peaceful! The water in the bay was smooth and clear with very little boat traffic disrupting the calm. We paddled out to a very small island in the middle of the bay and checked around the edges for marine life. There were a few sea stars but not the cool sunburst stars I was hoping to find. I was also distracted by my lack of control over my kayak. I kept bumping into outcrops of rocks while trying to paddle along the edge of the island.
Getting set with Casey
... a sleeping mat and all of us rain boots and coats. Mine ended up costing way way way too much, but I bought it anyways, the sleeve ends turn into gloves, and the hood has a face mask so it is le wicked kewl. Plus it's like coast guard colour and that makes it more awesome. I want to make a Sexagon stencil to spray paint on the back but I also don't want to wreck it. Then we went to get rubber boots, turns out buying some fancy patterened ones cost twenty or ...
How has this b&b rated in the past?
- Free parking


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Since 2007, Iris has slowly insinuated itself into the local consciousness, gathering a solid reputation en route. Situated on a New Town lane strewn with eateries, its unassuming exterior makes way for a simple bistro-style dining room with cool wooden tables & decorative flourishes on the walls. The kitchen takes Scottish ingredients & gives them an international spin, with dependable results. At dinner, this could mean seared scallops with Ibérico ham, ahead of monkfish tails cooked with red wine, garlic & cinnamon, or rib-eye steak with black pepper & lemon. Add some new potatoes with mint & butter or garlic fries if you're ravenous, & round things off with crème caramel or tarte tatin. Service receives applause & the core wine list has plenty of decent drinking in the sub-£20 bracket (glasses from £3.30).
Are you the restaurant owner? Click here for Links & Logos


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Police officers look for an armed teenager at Opa-locka Elementary school.
Police say a motive for the fatal shooting of a man in his wheelchair remains unclear
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The Comedy Catch3224 Brainerd Rd, Chattanooga, TN 37411
(423) 629-2233
Twenty Years of Stand-up Comedy in Chattanooga! It was May of 1985 when The Comedy Catch debuted as Chattanooga's first full time comedy club, then located in Dr. Sages atop the Holiday Inn downtown. One year later the club moved to its present Brainerd Road location and was renamed The Comedy Catch at the Cafe. In its history The Comedy Catch has hosted some of the biggest stars in comedy. Names such as: Jerry Seinfeld, Jeff Foxworthy, Tommy Chong, Paula Poundstone, Richard Jeni, Bobby Collins, Carrot Top, James Gregory, Pauly Shore, Bobcat Goldthwait and many others. In addition to national talent, The Comedy Catch stage has launched many local careers, and is considered one of the best venues in the south by many of the regional favorites. Management at the club strives for all to have an entertaining evening, whether you are attending our weekly comedy shows or one of our special shows. Through the years The Comedy Catch has presented a variety of entertaining programs, comedy shows for the hearing impaired, shows for day care teachers, recovering alcoholics, just women, a show for the gay community, Christian Comedy Shows and a long list of charity events.


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Oklahoma City
Chili's Waitress Fired Over Facebook Post Insulting 'Stupid Cops'
If you're a teacher, and want to keep your job, don't insult your students on Facebook. If your boss is a Jewish community leader, and you want to keep your job, don't post photos on Facebook of yourself covered in swastikas. And if you're anyone who wants to keep your job, don't go on Facebook and insult... Continue Reading
Report: Top 10 U.S. Cities For Job Growth
A new report pinpoints the 10 cities with the best job growth in the country. Continue Reading
8 Bizarre Teacher Scandals You Won't Believe
Here at AOL Jobs, our RSS feeds are filled daily with teachers doing wild, wacky, frightening and upsetting things. The teacher scandals can be roughly divided into three categories: Sexually abusive or creepy (by far the most common). Feces and urine going places feces and urine shouldn't go. Being... Continue Reading


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Large Green Bell Peppers
Peppers are tender plants that thrive in warmer weather. Late summer and fall are best harvest times but they are grown and available year-round.
Raspberries are distinguished by their flavor, size, shape and their hollow core.
Orange Honeydew Melon
Inventory, 22 lbs : 0
This item was last sold on : 08/24/13
|Sandstone Marketing
Orange-Flesh honeydew melons are available in summer.
Current Facts
The Orange-Flesh honeydew is a hybrid variety, a cross between a Cantaloupe and a honeydew. It is classified as a winter melon. Winter melons ripen slowly and are not ready to eat until late fall. The Orange-Flesh honeydew melon, like other winter melons, is hardy and has a long shelf-life.
The Orange-Flesh honeydew is oval to round in shape. When ripe its skin is white, pale yellow or blush pink, similar to common honeydews. Its flesh will actually have a flavor, texture an aroma more similar to a cantaloupe, though. It will be salmon colored, subtly sweet, succulent and slightly unctuous.
Nutritional Value
Orange-Flesh honeydews have the highest concentration of beta carotene, making them the most Vitamin C dense of honeydew melon varieties.
The Orange-Flesh honeydew melons can be used in fresh or raw preparations, both sweet and savory. It is not found to be suited well for cooking. Fresh orange honeydew can be used as a breakfast fruit and as a salad ingredient. It makes a perfect element in cold or fresh desserts. It also can be used as an ingredient in drinks. Orange-Flesh honeydew pairs well with feta and goat cheeses, almonds and hazelnuts, mint, basil and citrus. Orange-Flesh honeydew may be substituted for Cantaloupe in most applications.
Because of continuous hybridization throughout dozens of countries for centuries, there are countless varieties of melons. Due to serious cross-pollination and in order to grow true cultivars, melons must be planted far away from other varieties to avoid another new melon crossbreed. The Orange-Flesh honeydew's cross pollination was purposely and purposefully intended to improve upon the honeydew and Cantaloupe; their best attributes developed and highlighted within a singular variety.
Recipe Ideas
Recipes that include Orange Honeydew Melon. One is easiest, three is harder.
|Meanderings Through my Cookbook
|Melon & Ginger Ice Cream
|Flavors of The Sun
|Chilled Melon, Cucumber, and Coconut Milk Soup
|Smitten Kitchen
|Melon Agua Fresca
Recently Spotted
People have spotted Orange Honeydew Melon using the Specialty Produce app for iPhone and Android.
Produce Spotting allows you to share your produce discoveries with your neighbors and the world! Is your market carrying green dragon apples? Is a chef doing things with shaved fennel that are out of this world? Pinpoint your location annonymously through the Specialty Produce App and let others know about unique flavors that are around them.
publix charlotte nc
Near Wingate, North Carolina, United States
About 33 days ago, 7/25/14
Country Market, Shoreline, wa Near Seattle, Washington, United States
About 38 days ago, 7/21/14
Stater Bros. 16904 Main Street Hesperia, CA92345 Near Hesperia, California, United States
About 78 days ago, 6/10/14
Spotter's comments : I spotted Orange Honeydew Melons at Stater Bros. on 6-6-14 16904 Main Street Hesperia, CA92345!
3 guys from brooklyn Near Bay Py/60 St, New York, United States
About 391 days ago, 8/01/13
Divisadero Farmers' Market Near San Francisco, California, United States
About 402 days ago, 7/21/13
Spotter's comments : Orange Honeydew tastes just as sweet as green! Resendiz Family Fruit Barn comes with great fruits!
99 Cent Store Near WINNETKA, California, United States
About 425 days ago, 6/28/13
Spotter's comments : On the corner of Sherman Way and De Soto Ave in SFV
Specialty Produce Near San Diego, California, United States
About 436 days ago, 6/17/13


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does anyone else hate bamon?
Tbh the main reason why they're so popular is because of the books. In the books they have a very different dynamic and their relationship is far more developed. So a lot of that is carried over. A lot of people seem to think that all tension is sexual tension. Sometimes people just don't get on! ha At this point there is no reason to think there will be anything. The tension between bonnie and damon and delena is very different. I think Bamon will have development however not necessarily romantic. To be fair it would be very far fetched for Damon to be paired off with someone else to soften the blow of elena choosing stefan. The intensity of damon's character resides on his unconditional love he had for Katherine and how her betrayal draws him towards Elena. I honestly don't think he would be capable of loving anyone else. Elena is the antidote for the pain that Katherine caused him. He won't end up with Katherine as it would be masochistic. He needs Elena as she makes him better. I don't see Bonnie being able to do that, but we'll see. I hope the writers don't go for the obvious and have a bit of originality when it comes to choosing. Looking at character development, chemistry and the fans, Delena should be end game. Putting aside Bamon, 80 percent of fans would choose Delena over Stefan x
I don't hate them, I just don't understand why everyone loves them. But like TDARFSWR said, it's probably because of the books which I have not read.
All I get from them is death threats and hate for each other - it doesn't seem like sexual tension to me because Bonnie is honestly repulsed by Damon and Damon just loves to toy with her.
I've read the books. There isn't even that much in the book in my opinion other than a good friendship. Damon cares for Bonnie but is deeply in love with Elena in the books and basically devotes his life to her, therefore he cares for Bonnie because she is Elena's friend and he finds her cute.
Plus in the books Bonnie gets crushes on everyone. To me it always seemed like she liked Matt more. So basically I don't get the "Bamon appeal" either. In the books or the show- they have never been in love or seeming to head that way. For Damon it has always been Elena or Katherine.
in most forums people are like "bamon! they would be great together, chemistry cuz they dont get along etc" NOT TRUE. in season 1 when damon and elena didnt get along, THEY had chemistry and you could just see it on screen and the way damon was slick, hot, etc and how elena would get pissed off hehe. but when bonnie and damon argue its just... ugh. it has no chemistry, its just plain annoying. nothing there.
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To Make
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I cannot believe how easy This is and how much I've seen these sold for at craft shows! This is my new favorite b-day gift for friends. :)
This is seriously the easiest tutorial to follow: simple language, lots of pictures, very few steps.
Did you know that glass etching is super easy? And, what a great gift (add a couple of tea towels, some dishcloths, and a couple of great recipes)
Clear Frames + Scrapbook Paper + Post-It + Ribbon and Tag = Cute and Inexpensive Gifts. Teacher Gifts?


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This hotel is a perfect combination of charm and modern amenities, plus friendly service. It is also perfectly located near the main sites of the older part of Antwerp. Perfect for a sightseeing trip if you're used to a nice class of hotel without a ridiculous price tag.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Travelocity, Expedia, Booking.com, Tingo, Priceline, BookingOdigeoWL and Venere so you can book your Hotel Julien reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Julien Hotel Antwerp


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The Svalbard Science Forum (SSF) promotes research coordination and collaboration in Svalbard. We organise meeting places and administer funding opportunities targeted towards fieldwork and cooperation.
There are still a few places available for the next SSF workshop on New Technology for interested participants
The deadline for application is September 15th 2014.
14-18th of August the SSF will have office days in Ny-Ålesund and you are more than welcome to come by!
Warmer ocean temperatures in Svalbard waters has resulted in new species moving into the food chain.
At least one member of the SSF secretariat will always be on the island this summer, ready for helping you out.
A new version of RiS – the indispensable database for anyone performing research in or around Svalbard – is now launched, putting everything researchers and others need in a single place.
The Research Council of Norway
P.O Box 564 N-1327 Lysaker, Norway
Visiting address: Visiting address: Drammensveien 288, 0283 Oslo
Telephone: +47 22 03 70 00
E-mail to the programme: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Science simply is curiosity. It is the scientist that could be good or bad. The inner secrets of science are not shared outside a small group. The... ...http://moneylife.in/article/medical-science-what-is-science/38526.html
Legend has it that when a woman, who aspired to be a novelist, approached Jane Austen for writing tips, the author gave her a priceless suggestion:... ...http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Citizen-of-the-world/articleshow/40419369.cms
The thought of the world being rid of mosquitoes is enough to give many a good night's sleep. The idea is close to being a possibility. Scientists... ...http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=65913
Preparing for Discovery: A Rational Approach to the Impact of Finding Microbial, Complex or Intelligent Life Beyond Earth will take place from 9... ...http://www.webnewswire.com/node/3609847
One of author Criswell Freeman's famous quotes says, Healing takes time. Despite great advances in medicine, the biggest part of your recovery is... ...http://www.mid-day.com/articles/one-with-nature/15536171
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