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Many people dream of snagging a telecommute job not realizing that there can be some very real drawbacks and that sometimes those drawbacks can be deal-breakers. It's hard to imagine, but it's true.
One of the main challenges is the isolation. It can be really difficult to feel connected to your co-workers when you don't have that "face time". Judi Sohn of WebWorkerDaily telecommutes for two different companies and recently talked about how she copes with those challenges in her post, Telecommuting – Out of Sight Doesn't Have to Mean Out of Mind. Judi points out:
When you're physically in the office simply doing your job, your presence is a constant reminder to the rest of your team of the value you add to the company. No virtual project management site can replace the spontaneous collaboration that happens in the hallway. And when the boss is looking for someone to play a role on a key project, odds are her first thought isn't going to be that guy sitting 200 miles away.
So how do you sit in your pajamas all day and stay connected to your peers?
It depends on the company, and it depends on you.
It depends on you because you have got to be much more consistent and diligent with keeping up communications than your in-office colleagues do. Not only does this affect your productivity but it also affects your co-workers' perception of you.
Imagine how your coworkers would feel if they asked you a question in person and you routinely ignored them for a few hours…or a few days? Whether it's IM, Twitter, Skype, the telephone or the inbox, you need to get on top of the communication tool that's as readily accessible to you and your coworkers during business hours as conversation.
If you're not accessible, believe me, the first assumption is that you're napping, watching tv or engaged in some other such reprehensible non-work-related behavior. Talk about instant resentment.
According to John C. Daub (or "Hsoi" as he has dubbed himself) telecommuting is not always the picture of perfection that people imagine. Hsoi's a telecommuting software engineer, has been formally telecommuting for 9 years. In his recent post, How to succeed at working from home he says,
The keys to successful telecommuting are discipline and responsibility. Sure you're at home, sure you can work naked if you want to. But all of your favorite distractions are right at your fingertips: the tv, books, whatever you like to do for hobbies, your bed/couch for napping, all your favorite foods in the kitchen, and probably other people (spouse, kids, roommates, etc.). You have to overcome these distractions and/or learn how to manage them because you still must produce and get your work done on time.
I have to agree. Not everybody would be an effective telecommuter. You've got to be able to create a working schedule and environment and then stick to it… most of the time that is. What good is working at home if you don't ever take advantage of being at home? As Hsoi looks at it, there's no reason not to enjoy the benefits from time to time:
I'll take a 5-10 minute break in the middle of my workday to just go down and talk with my wife and kids. Why not? I'm here, I can do that, so I'll take advantage of that. The office-bound chat with each other during the day (the "water-cooler"), so chatting with your "officemates" is really no different. And do allow yourself to be accessible and keep in perspective just what's truly important. For instance, sometimes my kids knock on my office door during my workday. If I'm truly in a zone and can't be interrupted that's one thing. But most of the time all the kids want is 30 seconds of my time to show me the LEGO creation they built or the comic strip they drew. I take that time because which am I going to regret later? that I didn't stay unwaveringly focused on my work? or that I missed out on my kids growing up?
Right on Hsoi. That's how I feel. It's a fine line to walk though and not everyone has the discipline to know where that line needs to be.
It's also about how your company views telecommuting. I came across a post, Telecommute. Kill a career? which cites a study that found that over 60% of 1,320 global executives surveyed by executive search firm Korn/Ferry International said they believe that telecommuters are less likely to advance in their careers in comparison to employees working in traditional office settings. Company executives want face time with their employees, the study said.
Dameon Welch-Abernathy of WebWorker Daily agrees:
As someone who has telecommuted full time for almost a decade, I can say that my career has probably been "stunted" as a result of telecommuting. There are certain opportunities I missed out on or were simply not available to me as a result of not being in the office full time. I have also missed out on a lot of distractions as a result, such as office politics.
Of course, this is not necessarily a bad thing. Not everyone has to continually strive to get to the "next level" in order to be happy. Dameon feels it's more important to be able to pay the bills, to continue to do something he's excited to be doing and to enjoy his job.
2 Responses to "How to deal with the pitfalls of telecommuting"
[...] reciprocal blog love. I'm checking my blog stats and see that I've been quoted in this article by Sharon Davis. Thank you, Sharon. So as I'm reading the article the first point it touches on is isolation. [...]
Thanx Sharon. Glad that's how you feel.
hsois last blog post..Isolation


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I took my clothes to the charity shop after the tour. Nice to see they went to a good cause.
look at this thing i got at the airport when leaving germany
it's a giant tic tac box filled with tiny tic tac boxes
If they don't need you, it's okay. You don't live for other people.
|Dir En Grey, Kyo (via daisy-do)
maybe Jesus was gay the whole time and was actually saying "ah, men"

subset: commoncrawl


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Easy Country Solo 1 by Jody Worrell is a video lesson that will teach you a country guitar solo in A. The solo contains the bends and other techniques that are the building blocks of more advanced country playing. However, in this lesson we're playing everything at a beginner pace so that it's easier to play along. Jody will provide detailed note by note instruction on how to properly play the solo. The download includes a Quicktime video, a .pdf of the tabs, and four .mp3 jam tracks. $5.99
Save $5.99 when you order the six lesson Beginning Country Solos Package
Code: CP61
Genre: Country
Length: 17 minutes
Size: 152 mb
Please read about our Premium Download Videos if you have not purchased one before.
Easy Country Solo 2 will teach you another eight bars of this intermediate country solo. In this section the solo gets a bit harder and uses more of the neck. Jody Worrell has designed the solo to introduce you to some more advanced techniques without being overly difficult. To help achieve this, we've taken the track "Pickin in A" from the Let's Jam! Country Vol. 2 and slowed it down to a more comfortable speed. Once you've mastered the solo you could also build up to playing it along with the full speed track. $5.99
Save $5.99 when you order the six lesson Beginning Country Solos Package
Code: CP62
Genre: Country
Length: 17 minutes
Size: 166 mb
|Country 101 - Acoustic Rhythm
|Country 201 - Hybrid Solo 1
|Country 101 - Acoustic Solo
|Country 201 - Hybrid Solo 2
|Country 101 - Rhythm
|Country 201 - Two Bar Licks 1
|Country 101 - Scales
|Country 201 - Two Bar Licks 2
|Country 101 - Licks
|Bass Note Lines
|Country 101 - Combinination Licks
|Bass Note Lines 2
|Easy Country Solos
|Bass Note Lines 3
|Jody's Easy Double Stop Solos
|Two Chord Acoustic Country Licks


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Mac: Text2iPod X 1.1b3 Released
Text2iPod X is a very easy drag and drop application that can make any text file viewable on an iPod without text size limitation! In version 1.1, the 32kb implementation limit has been resolved. Why using Text2iPod X? Other programs that apparently have the same purpose than Text2iPod X already exist. I say "apparentl" because there is precisely a major difference between those programs and Text2iPod! The difference is that Text2iPod X has the ability to put a whole text file in a single iPod contact. You have surely be quite disappointed to see that, when trying to convert a text file greater than 2000 characters in size, those programs generate segmented files which have to be read one at a time.
What's new in this version:
A bug in algorithm was generated bad-formatted contact files.
Unicode utf-8 format is now full support (please refer to provided Read
Me PDF file)
Even better interaction
Solved strange behaviours under some circumstances
More precise read-me file
License: Freeware
System Requirements: Mac OS 9.0 or later, CarbonLib or 10.1 or later
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YAY! i posted my first news! =D sorry i just had to tell someone =D
Posted by peterburk on February 12, 2004 at 11:07 PM (CST)
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What do the different tags like "In Stock", "Available" mean?
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For items listed as "In Stock", Sellers will mention the delivery time based on your location pincode (usually 2-3 business days, 4-5 business days or 4-6 business days in areas where standard courier service is available). For other areas, orders will be sent by Registered Post through the Indian Postal Service which may take 1-2 weeks depending on the location.
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Set in South Pakistan, this controversial novel is a searing study of evil. It is the tragic and shocking story of the beautiful Heer, brutalized and corrupted by Pir Sain, the so-called man of God whom she is married to at the age of fifteen.
|Authored By
|Tehmina Durrani
|Author Info
Tehmina Durrani (Urdu), a Durrani Pashtun, is the daughter of the late former Governor of State Bank of Pakistan and former Chairman of Pakistan International Airlines, Shahkur Ullah Durrani and grand-daughter of Sir Sikandar Hyat. Her first book, My Feudal Lord, caused... Read More
|Book Details
|Publication Year
|2000 October
|Number of Pages
|237 Pages
This book definitely makes for a good read and I was engrossed for the initial chapters. the torture and double standards kept at the pir, if it is indeed a true story, I would sympathize, with what the inspiration of the author has endured and offered. For a Coffee table reader like me, i must say, several cups were had in continuity. It gets confusing and somewhat nonsensical in the fall of the book, but The end is surprising and endearing.
Such a heart wrenching book yet you can't stop reading at any point. Your heart will bleed, yet the author prevents the book from becoming too gory. While reading, it is very clear that all of this is reality and women are certainly going through torture like this. Hats off to authors like Tehmina who are gutsy enough to take on 'holy men' and expose them. I would recommend you to read this book because it isn't a book for feminists, but for anyone who is even slightly interested in the societal conditions in Pakistan.
Absolutely courageous and brilliant in writting and brings tears to your eyes...must read for all and the story flows through the political pakistan giving us an idea of what was happening there at that time as well....salute to the author
This is not a novel that exposes the truth about Islam as many may mistake it to be. It is evident in the story that religion plays no part in the sins of a man. It is rather a depiction of how a man in power exploits his religion and preys on ignorant people who have blindly put their faith on such religious leaders with the hope of salvation. Durrani's prose style is remarkable and once you start, you won't be able to stop without completing the book, wondering what horror will take place next. It is brutal, excessively violent, horrifying and though it may seem that the author has exagge... (Expand)


text:
In a 10 minute interview with Brownfield's Dave Russell, U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack talked about his trip to Europe, Made in Rural America and the opportunities it has for rural businesses, the Secretary talked about the Farm Bill and the progress being made in implementing programs and ended the interview talking record exports.
Audio: U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack (10:15 mp3)
© Copyright Brownfield, All rights Reserved. Written For: Brownfield


text:
M.A.C Cosmetics x The Simpsons
- in Beauty
Unlikely beauty icon Marge Simpson gets a range of M.A.C Cosmetics dedicated to her!
Unlikely beauty icon Marge Simpson gets a range of M.A.C Cosmetics dedicated to her!
Unwrap the sexually charged campaign to launch Dsquared2′s new men's fragrance 'WILD'.
FIRST LOOK: Preview the campaign to launch Lady Gaga's second fragrance 'Eau de Gaga' shot by Steven Klein.
Rihanna partners with M.A.C Cosmetics on a second VIVA GLAM range to raise money for people affected by HIV/AIDS.
Sasha Luss enters a magical wonDiorland for the new Dior Addict fragrance campaign film. Watch here.
M.A.C Cosmetics to launch a range of make-up in collaboration with Sharon and Kelly Osbourne.
Dior launches a range of bold colour, nautical-inspired cosmetics for summer.
Get Lorde's iconic make-up look courtesy of a new collaboration with M.A.C Cosmetics launching in June.
Prada launches an evolution of its top-selling Candy fragrance for summer with a campaign fronted by French actress Léa Seydoux.
Madonna launches a limited edition skincare line exclusively for Japan (sorry). But you still might like to watch the bizarre promo film!
See Keira Knightley's return as the face of Chanel's Coco Mademoiselle fragrance in her new commercial.
Go behind-the-scenes of the brand-new Karl Lagerfeld fragrance campaign starring Baptiste Giabiconi and Kati Nescher.
This Valentine… Why should the girls have all the fun when it comes to hair and make-up?
M.A.C Cosmetics launches its 2014 Viva Glam product offering and campaign fronted by popstar Rihanna.
Burberry launches Brit Rhythm for Women with a campaign starring model/actress Suki Waterhouse.
Olivier Rousteing taps his new muse Bad Gal RiRi as Balmain's campaign star for Spring/Summer 2014.
Read what to expect at Burberry's first-ever dedicated Beauty store in London's Covent Garden!
Help women, men and children affected by HIV and AIDS with M.A.C Cosmetics' 2013 Viva Glam range presented by RuPaul.
Kate Moss rounds-off her busy year with a beautiful editorial for US Vogue shot against the cultural backdrop of Istanbul.
Preview Rihanna's final collaboration with M.A.C Cosmetics – launching in December.
Lara Stone is officially worth it as she joins the L'Oréal Paris family. Watch her discuss her new role in this short intro film.
Style icon Gwen Stefani launches seven nail lacquers and a special box set with OPI for January 2014.
M.A.C Cosmetics collaborates with the Princes of print Jack and Lazaro of Proenza Schouler for Spring 2014.
Rihanna is back with a new range of make-up for M.A.C Cosmetics launching next month.
Burberry launches its brand-new men's fragrance Brit Rhythm – inspired by the adrenaline of live music.
Paul Smith launches a new fragrance with beautiful campaigns fronted by Baptiste Radufe and Karlina Caune.
Preview Marc Jacobs' debut cosmetics campaign and read more about the launch.
Preview Tom Ford's debut men's skincare and grooming range as modelled by Juan Betancourt.
Lovely to see our Model Wall boys Matthew Bell and Ian Sharp join Alexander Ferrario for Iceberg AW2013 Campaign. And an obvious nod to Mondrian perhaps from photographer Sharif Hamza.
Preview Rihanna's exclusive make-up collection for M.A.C Cosmetics launching on 20th June at 12pm GMT.
Lancôme teams-up with Lanvin's Alber Elbaz to launch a cute limited edition range of cosmetics.
Chanel launch a pop-up nail bar in London's Selfridges until 12th June with nail artiste Sophy Robson making a special 2 day appearance.
Hilary Rhoda stars in a high-octane interactive beauty film for Nowness.com.
Hollywood's favourite Italian footwear brand Casadei launches its first range of casual footwear for summer.
London's biggest gay gathering hits Victoria Park on Sunday 26th May. Read more here.
Give your nails an instant summer fashion make-over with Maybelline's new polka dot nail polish range.
See Kate Moss showing off her flawless bronzed skin for St Tropez's new campaign plus how-to tips and behind-the-scenes video.
Rihanna's lipstick for M.A.C Cosmetics 'RiRi Woo' sells-out in three hours!
British demi-supermodel Cara Delevingne sets the stage for a playful, slightly sinister game of who's controlling who with Karl Lagerfeld
Get app happy with Prada's creative moodboard celebrating their new Rossetto fragrance.
Nicki Minaj's M.A.C Cosmetics 'Viva Glam' lipstick and lipglass launches in-stores and online.
Preview M.A.C Cosmetics new 'Strength' collection launching mid-February.
Wrap-up from the cold and look good doing it with M.A.C Cosmetics' Après Chic make-up range.
Get ahead of the game with MAC Cosmetics Spring/Summer '13 beauty trends presented by Terry Barber.
M.A.C unveil plans to make double donations this saturday for World AIDS day.
Look haute with M.A.C's new Glamour Daze make-up range launching November 2012.
Recreate iconic beauty looks from Catwoman, Hunger Games, The Great Gatsby and Marilyn this Halloween, courtesy of M.A.C.
Back by popular demand, M.A.C Cosmetics re-introduces its Facebook Fan's favourite shades for a limited time only!
"The body is meant to be seen, not all covered up" so make sure you look your best with M.A.C's Marilyn Monroe collection.
Carine Roitfeld channels her signature smokey eye look with a range for M.A.C cosmetics.


text:
You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
congratulations for the 9 years .
remichal, I haven't been out in Sabattus in a while, but if I can for a chance I will check it out again... just not sure when.
remichael, I stopped at the 2 stations below , talked to mgrs.
8 Country Club Rd & Main St
Store is open but NO MORE GAS SALES
known as LIL GENERAL STORE....
GULF Cumberland farms
is GULF and sign has always been up.
talked to both mgrs.
this is the scoop! CUlater. If I can help let me know.
I will stop in at this station tomorrow, my wife said they dug up the tanks and removed stuff etc... Ill let U know whats going on TTYL look below>>>>>>>
8 Country Club Rd & Main St
Hi, I think I know who's been changing the prices & NAMES...
Firkinsnock Variety4 Goodwins Mills RdAlfred RdLyman, ME 04002Phone: 207-499-7119
Has changed quite a few in his area...
RT 4 & 109 at the circle has no outside sign prices in the last 4-5 days, have to swing in to get the prices....
TTYL imlefty
Today is Warren's birthday....Itsajeepthing........stop by & wish him a Happy Birthday.........spread the word.........
Congratulations on posting for 3201 consecutive days, that is real dedication, helping others to save money on gas.
A Big Congrats on reaching the 3200 Day Mark Posting, What an Achievement Wanna be Gas Buddies
Hi remichal, I don't get out to Cape very often. I'll try to remember to keep my eyes open for the Irving next time I'm over that way. :)
Correction, he is Jcsdig. I have sent him a white board.


text:
Created in this Craftsy Course
Machine Quilting Negative Space taught by Angela Walters
Turn your quilt's negative space into positively fabulous designs! Angela shows how to complement pieced sections with motifs and texture.
Other projects made as part of this class:
QuiltingGarden Quilt
QuiltingSwirls, Pebbles, And Wiggly Lines!
Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
Love the swirling snow!
?? Wonder why you used insularity? Does it add special texture or something? I've never used it f o r anything but oven mitts, etc.
I love the snow effect of the machine quilting. I also like that the trees are in fabrics that are not traditional Christmas or tree colors.
08/10/2014 Flag


text:
Welcome to your discussion forum: Click the login link below to sign in with or to set up a Disqus account or to access your social networking account. When you do, your comment should be posted immediately, provided it meets the guidelines. (What are the guidelines?.) Report abuse by flagging a comment (mouse over the comment). Comments made here are the sole responsibility of the person posting them; these comments do not reflect the opinion of The Brattleboro Reformer. So keep it civil.
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(Kin Cheung/AP)
Image of Asia: A healthy trio of panda cubs
In this photo by Kin Cheung, panda triplets are examined at their 1-month medical checkup at the Chimelong Safari Park in Guangzhou, China. Full Story
Review: 'Madden NFL 15' scores on new consoles
If you followed all the offseason NFL headlines — concussions, racial slurs, bullying, domestic violence — you'd think the league was in serious trouble. Full Story
(AP Photo/Richard Drew)
Katie Couric and Diane Sawyer had nasty rivalry, according to book
"The News Sorority" details rise of Christiane Amanpour, Couric and Sawyer.


text:
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Is Dr. Ingram accepting new patients?
- Yes.
What insurance does he accept?Less
Office Locations
- Auburn Cardiovascular
- 994 Drew Ln
- Auburn, AL 36830
- (334) 821-1219 (Office)
- (334) 821-0838 (Fax)


text:
Introduction to Digital Transport Systems
By Uyless N. Black and Sharleen Waters
Date: Aug 16, 2002
Sample Chapter is provided courtesy of Prentice Hall Professional.
This chapter introduces the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and T1 technology. A brief history of SONET is provided, as well as the reasons that SONET came into existence. We also provide a brief history of the T1 system and make a general comparison of T1 and SONET. As a prelude to later chapters, a general description is provided of the major features of SONET.
What are SONET and T1
Digital carrier systems, such as the well-known T1 technology, have served the telecommunications industry well for over 40 years, and they shall continue to do so for quite some time. T1 was first installed in 1962 to provide a high-speed (1.544 Mbit/s) digital carrier system for voice traffic. It was modified later to support data and video applications.
In terms of communications technology, 1962 is a very long time ago. Since this date, extraordinary progress has been made in the fields of computers and communications. Many of the technical underpinnings of SONET exploit this new technology.
We have cited T1 in a previous paragraph to help explain the nature of SONET. T1 and associated systems (such as T3 and similar technology in other parts of the world) are first-generation digital transport systems. SONET is a second-generation digital transport system. Like T1, its purpose is to transport, multiplex, and switch digital signals representing voice, video, and data traffic to and from users' applications.
However, T1 and SONET differ significantly in how they accomplish these functions. Many facets of the T1 architecture are based on technology that is over four decades old. In contrast to T1, the SONET architecture is based on the technology of today. With this brief comparison in mind, let us take a look at how SONET came into existence and then examine some of the major features of SONET.
The Development of SONET
Some people view SONET as a new technology, and it is only in the last decade that SONET has been deployed extensively. However, SONET did not just appear suddenly on the scene. Extensive research has been underway for well over a decade on many of the features that are found in SONET. One notable achievement began in 1984. It focused on the efforts of several standards groups and vendors to develop optical transmission standards for what is known as the mid-span meet (also known as transverse compatibility). The goal was to publish a specification that would allow different vendors' equipment to interoperate with each other at the fiber level.
In addition, due to the breakup of the Bell System in 1984, there were no standards developed beyond T3 technology. Prior to the divestiture, all equipment was built by AT&T's manufacturing arm, Western Electric (WECO), which ensured that there would be no compatibility problems in any network components.
After the breakup, there was little incentive for the other carriers (such as MCI and Sprint) to purchase AT&T-based equipment. Indeed, there was no incentive to purchase AT&T equipment, since AT&T, MCI, and Sprint had begun competing with each other for long distance services. This situation led to the rapid growth of alternate equipment vendors (such as Nortel Networks), who were developing advanced digital switching technologies.
The 1984 divestiture paved the way for alternate long distance carriers through the equal access ruling. The alternate carriers were given equal access to the local exchange carrier (LEC) infrastructure and connections to AT&T for end-to-end long distance service. The LEC could connect to MCI, Sprint, and others through their switching facilities at an interface in the LEC or long distance carrier offices called the point of presence (POP).
During this time, higher capacity schemes beyond T3 became proprietary, creating serious compatibility problems for network operators who purchased equipment from different manufacturers. In addition, the early 1980s witnessed the proliferation of incompatible and competing optical fiber specifications.
Precursors to SONET
We interrupt the discussion on divestiture to explain some of the technology that was being developed during the early 1980s. A landmark project that contributed to SONET was Metrobus, an optical communications system developed at AT&T's Bell Labs in the early 1980s. Its name was derived from its purpose: It was situated in a metropolitan area to serve as a high-speed optical transport network.
Metrobus demonstrated the feasibility of several new techniques that found their way into SONET. (They are explained in this chap- ter and subsequent chapters.) Among the more notable features were (a) single-step multiplexing, (b) synchronous timing, (c) extensive overhead for network management, (d) accessing low level signals directly, (e) point-to-multipoint multiplexing, and (f) the employment of multimegabit media for achieving high bandwidth network transmission capacity (of approximately 150 Mbit/s).
This latter decision along with the ensuing research and testing was important, because a 150 Mbit/s signal rate can accommodate voice, video, and data signals, as well as compressed high definition television (HDTV). Moreover, these techniques permitted the use of relatively inexpensive graded-index multimode fibers instead of the more expensive single mode fibers, although single mode fiber is now the preferred media for SONET.
The various standards groups began the work on SONET after MCI send a request to them to establish standards for the mid-span meet. The SONET specifications were developed in the early 1980s, and Bellcore submitted its proposals to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) T1X1 Committee in early 1985,1 based on a 50.688 Mbit/s transfer rate. The initial SONET work did not arouse much interest until the Metrobus activity became recognized.
Later, using the innovative features of Metrobus, the SONET designers made modifications to the original SONET proposal, principally in the size of the frame and the manner in which T1 signals were mapped into the SONET frame.
From 1984 to 1986, various alternatives were considered by the ANSI T1 Committee, who settled on what became known as the synchronous transport signal number one (STS-1) rate as a base standard. Finally, in 1987, the ANSI T1X1 committee published a draft document on SONET.
Participation by ITU-T
During this time, the international standards body now known as the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) had rejected the STS-1 rate as a base rate in favor of a base rate of 155.520 Mbit/s. For a while, it appeared that the North American and European approaches might not converge, but the SONET frame syntax and structure were altered one more time to a rate of 51.84 Mbit/s which permitted this rate to be multiplexed (concatenated) by an integer of three to the European preference of 155.52 Mbit/s. This work has resulted in almost complete compatibility between the North American and ITU-T approaches. The ITU-T Recommendations are now considered the "official" standards and are collectively called the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH).
Once the major aspects of the standards were in place, vendors and manufacturers began to develop SONET and SDH equipment and software. These efforts came to fruition in the early 1990s and, as of this writing, SONET and SDH have been deployed throughout the United States and other parts of the world.
Key ITU-T Documents
Listed below are some of the most commonly cited SDH standards available from the ITU-T.2
ITU-T G.707: Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.781: Structure of Recommendations on Equipment for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.782: Types and Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment
ITU-T G.783: Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment Functional Blocks
ITU-T G.803: Architecture of Transport Networks Based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
Role of ANSI and Key Standards documents
Today, ANSI coordinates and approves the SONET standards. The standards are developed by the T1 committee. T1X1 and T1M1 are the primary T1 Technical Subcommittees responsible for SONET. T1X1 deals with the digital hierarchy (shown in Figure 15) and synchronization. T1M1 deals with internetworking operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P). Listed below are some of the most commonly cited SONET standards available from ANSI.3
ANSI T1.105: SONETBasic Description including Multiplex Structure, Rates and Formats
ANSI T1.105.01: SONETAutomatic Protection Switching
ANSI T1.105.02: SONETPayload Mappings
ANSI T1.105.03: SONETJitter at Network Interfaces
ANSI T1.105.03a: SONETJitter at Network Interfaces DS1 Supplement
ANSI T1.105.03b: SONETJitter at Network Interfaces DS3 Wander Supplement
ANSI T1.105.04: SONETData Communication Channel Protocol and Architectures
ANSI T1.105.05: SONETTandem Connection Maintenance
ANSI T1.105.06: SONETPhysical Layer Specifications
ANSI T1.105.07: SONETSub-STS-1 Interface Rates and Formats Specification
ANSI T1.105.09: SONETNetwork Element Timing and Synchronization
ANSI T1.119: SONETOAM&P, Communications
ANSI T1.119.01: SONET: OAM&P, Communications, and Protection Switching Fragment
The Network and Services Integration Forum (NSIF)
In order to assist in the SONET standards process, the Network and Services Integration Forum (NSIF) was formed to provide an open industry forum for the discussion and resolution of multiple technology integration and SONET interoperability issues.4 Its goal is to enable the delivery of services across a set of networks from different vendors and different network operators. NSIF coordinates with the appropriate standards groups, such as ANSI and the ITU-T, as required by a specific issue.
NSIF is a nonprofit membership organization comprised of equipment vendors, service providers, and other industry players who cooperatively develop end-to-end multitechnology service delivery capabilities based on industry and international standards.
SONET and T1
While the primary focus of this book is on SONET, we devote considerable coverage to T1 technology. With this in mind, we will use this section to introduce T1 and compare the T1 and SONET technologies.
Comparison of SONET and T1
Figure 11 shows the placement of T1 and SONET in a communications network. Currently, several configurations exist in commercial systems. SONET may operate end-to-end or it may act as the transport system within the network carrying T1 traffic through the network between customer premises equipment (CPEs). Of course, in some networks SONET has not been implemented so T1/T3 may operate within the network. Another widely used placement is the installation of fractional T1 (FT1) at the CPE switch, which then multiplexes user payloads into a T1 or T3 transport frame. As you can see from Figure 11, SONET can operate end-to-end or can function as a backbone technology, operating within the network.
Figure 11 T1 and SONET.
Figure 12 shows the relationship of the Open System Interconnection Model (OSI) layers to the layers of T1 and SONET. The first observation is that T1 and SONET operate at the physical layer of the OSI Model. As such, they are concerned with the physical generation of the signals at a transmitting machine and their correct reception and detection at a receiving machine. While this statement may imply that these technologies are rather simple, we shall see that the opposite is true, especially regarding SONET.
Figure 12 Comparison of the layers in regard to OSI.
The layers operating above the physical layer are quite varied. Some products run the Internet protocols in these layers, others run SS7, still others run vendor-specific protocols, such as IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA). Later chapters explore the relationships of these layers and SONET.
Features of SONET and T1
This section explains why SONET differs from other digital transport systems. First, SONET is an optical-based carrier (transport) network utilizing synchronous operations between the network components/nodes, such as multiplexers, terminals, and switches. SONET's high speeds (some systems operate at the gigabit rate) rely on high-capacity fiber. Much of the T1 technology is geared toward the use of copper (twisted pairs) media and operates at more modest transmission rates.
As just stated, the SONET network nodes are synchronized with each other through very accurate clocking operations, ensuring that traffic is not "damaged," or lost due to clocking inaccuracies. T1 clocking systems are very accurate, but are not as reliable as SONET systems. Later discussions explain how synchronous networks experience fewer errors than the older asynchronous networks and provide much better techniques for managing payloads.
SONET is quite robust and provides high availability with self-healing topologies. In the event a SONET link is lost due to node or fiber failure, SONET can recover by diverting the traffic to back-up facilities. Most T1 systems can be configured for backup, but "robustness" is not an inherent part of the original design of the T1 architecture.
SONET and its ITU-T counterpart SDH are international standards. As such, SONET paves the way for heterogeneous, multivendor systems to operate without conversions between them (with some exceptions).5
SONET uses powerful, yet simple, multiplexing and demultiplexing capabilities. Unlike T1, SONET gives the network node a direct access to low-rate multiplexed signals, without the need to demultiplex the signals back to the original form. In other words, the payloads residing inside a SONET signal are directly available to a SONET node.
Because of these capabilities, SONET efficiently combines, consolidates, and segregates traffic from different locations through one machine. This concept, known as grooming, eliminates back hauling6 and other inefficient techniques currently being used in transport networks. In older transport network configurations, grooming can eliminate back hauling, but it requires expensive configurations (such as back-to-back multiplexers that are connected with cables, panels, or electronic cross-connect equipment).
SONET provides extensive operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) services to the network user and administrator. Indeed, about 4% of the bandwidth in a SONET network is reserved for OAM&P. A T1 system only allows one bit per 193 bits for OAM&P. With this comparison in mind, it is easy to conclude that SONET has the capability for more extensive and powerful network management operations than T1.
Finally, like T1, SONET employs digital transmission schemes. Thus, the traffic is relatively immune to noise and other impairments on the communications channel. Of course, with the use of optical fibers, random errors on the channel are very rare.
Synchronous Networks
One of the most attractive aspects of SONET deals with how network components send and receive traffic to and from each other. The original, first-generation digital transport networks were designed to work as asynchronous (or more accurately, nearly synchronous) systems. With this approach, each device in the network runs with its own clock, or devices may be clocked from more than one source. That is, the clocks are not synchronized from a central source.6
The purpose of the terminal clock is to locate precisely the digital 1s and 0s in the incoming data stream on the link attached to the terminala very important operation in a digital network. Obviously, if bits are lost in certain user traffic (user traffic is called payload in this book) then the traffic may be unintelligible to the receiver. Equally important, the loss of bits or the inability to locate them accurately can cause further synchronization problems. When this situation occurs, the receiver usually does not deliver the traffic to the end user because it is simpler to discard the traffic than to initiate retransmission efforts.
To give the reader an idea of how precise the timing must be, consider a T1 system that operates at a modest 1.544 Mbit/s. Obviously, a receiver must be able to detect each bit as it "shows itself" at the link interface at the receiving machine. Each bit is only 648 ns in duration (1 sec/1544000 = .000000648). This means that the receiver's clock must be aligned accurately with the transmitter's clock.
Because a sender's clock may run independently of the receiver's clock in an asynchronous network, large variations can occur between the sender's clock (machine 1) and the rate at which the bits are received and then transmitted by the receiver's clock (machine 2). The problem is not at the receiving link at machine 2, since machine 2 can "lock" onto machine 1's incoming signal and accept the traffic. In this regard, machine 2 extracts the clock from machine 1's signal.
The problem occurs when machine 2 then prepares that traffic for transmission onto the next outgoing link. If it is using its own clock, it usually varies from the rate that was received from machine 1. These different timing operations can create a big headache for the network administrator. For example, experience has demonstrated that a T3 signal may experience a variation of up to 1789 bit/s for a 44.736 Mbit/s signal in a network that does not have precise and accurate timing.
The Perils of Bit Stuffing
Moreover, T1 signals such as DS1s are multiplexed in stages up to DS2, DS3, etc., and extra bits are added to the stream of data to account for timing variations in each stream. The process is called bit stuffing. The lower level signals, such as DS1, are not accessible nor visible at the higher rates. Consequently, the original stream of traffic must be demultiplexed if these signals are to be accessed. The demultiplexing process is very expensive and adds delay and overhead to the network.
SONET Timing
SONET is based on synchronous transmission, meaning the average frequency of all the clocks in the network are the same (synchronous) or nearly the same (plesiochronous). As a result of this approach, the clocks are referenced to a stable reference point. Therefore, the need to align the data streams directly is less necessary. As we stated earlier, the user payloads, such as DS1, are directly accessible so demultiplexing is not necessary to access the bit streams. Also, the synchronous signals can be stacked together without bit stuffing.
The Benefits of Byte Alignment
Byte multiplexing (also called octet multiplexing) is more efficient and less error-prone than the bit multiplexing operation explained earlier. Most hardware and software today are designed to process data in chunks of eight bits, often called byte-aligned processing. In addition, bit aligned processing is more error-prone than its byte-aligned counterpart, because of the use of smaller buffers and shorter timing increments. There is less tolerance for errors in the bit aligned operation (and we show examples of bit processing in Chapters 3 and 4).
SONET requires byte alignment operations, and any timing adjustments that are performed in the SONET network are done on a byte basis, not on a bit basis.
Floating Payloads
Another major aspect of synchronous systems (in general), and SONET (specifically), pertains to how payload, such as DS1 or DS3 signals, is inserted into the SONET channel. For those situations in which the reference clocking signal may vary (even if only slightly), SONET uses pointers to allow the payload streams to "float" within the payload envelope (the term envelope is used to describe the SONET signal on the channel; the term frame is also used). Indeed, synchronous clocking is the key to pointers; it allows a flexible allocation and alignment of the payload within the transmission envelope. Thus, SONET's payload is called a synchronous payload envelope (SPE).
The concept of a synchronous system is elegantly simple. By holding specific bits in a silicon memory buffer for a defined and predictable period of time, it is possible to move information from one part of a payload envelope to another part. It also allows a system to know where the bits are located at all times. Of course, this idea is "old hat" to software engineers, but it is a different way of thinking for other designers. As one person has put it, "Since the bits are lined up in time, we now know where they are in both time and space. So, in a sense, we can now move information in four dimensions, instead of the usual three."
The U.S. implementation of SONET uses a central clocking sourcefor example, from a telephone company's end office. This office must use an accurate clocking source known as stratum 3. Stratum 3 clocking requires an accuracy of 1.6 parts in 1 billion elements. Chapter 3 provides more detailed information on synchronization and clocking operations as well as the accuracy levels of the stratum 1, 2, 3, and 4 clocks.
Table 11 Typical SONET payloads.
Digital Bit Rate
Voice Circuits
System Name
North American multiplexing hierarchy
1.544 Mbit/s
3.152 Mbit/s
6.312 Mbit/s
44.736 Mbit/s
274.176 Mbit/s
European multiplexing hierarchy
2.048 Mbit/s
8.448 Mbit/s
34.368 Mbit/s
139.264 Mbit/s
565.148 Mbit/s
Japanese multiplexing hierarchy
1.544 Mbit/s
6.312 Mbit/s
34.064 Mbit/s
97.728 Mbit/s
397.20 Mbit/s
1588.80 Mbit/s
Payloads and Envelopes
SONET is designed to support a wide variety of payloads. Table 11. summarizes some typical payloads of existing technologies. The SONET node accepts these payloads and multiplexes them into a SONET envelope. These payloads are called virtual tributaries (VTs) in North America and virtual containers (VCs) in SDH. Later chapters will explain how SONET manages these payloads.
As you can see, the first-generation digital carrier systems are not the same across different geographical regions of the world. Shortly after the inception of T1 in North America, the ITU-T published the E1 standards, which were implemented in Europe, and Japan followed with a hierarchy that was similar to the North American specifications at the lower speeds (but not at the higher speeds).
Optical FiberThe Bedrock for SONET
It is likely you understand and appreciate the advantages of using optical fiber as the transmission medium for a telecommunications system. This section summarizes the major aspects of optical fiber, and Appendix A explains these aspects in more detail. Optical fiber is widely used as the physical medium in SONET for the following reasons:
Optical transmission has a very large information capacity. Gigabit/s rates are easily obtainable in today's systems.
Optical fibers have electrically nonconducting photons instead of the electrons found in metallic cables such as wires or coaxial cables. This characteristic is attractive for applications in which the transmission path traverses hostile environments. For example, optical cables are not subject to electrical sparks or interference from electrical components in a building or computer machine room.
Optical fibers suffer less loss of signal strength than copper wire or coaxial cables. The strength of a light signal is reduced only slightly after propagation through several miles of the glass cable.
Optical fibers are more secure than copper cable transmission methods. Transmission of light does not yield residual intelligence that is found in electrical transmission.
Optical cables are very small (roughly the size of a hair) and weigh very little. For example, 900 copper wire pairs pulled through 1000 feet in a building would weigh approximately 4800 pounds. Two optical fibers, with protective covers pulled the same distance, weigh only 80 pounds and yet yield greater capacity.
Optical fibers are relatively easy to install and operate in high and low temperatures.
Due to the low signal loss, the error rate for optical fibers is very low. Some systems operate with a bit error rate (BER) or 10-12, which is several orders of magnitude better than copper media.
Figure 13 shows the progress made in transmission capacity of single-mode fibers since 1980 [CHAR99]. The top line represents experimental systems, and the bottom line represents commercial systems. The commercial results have lagged behind experimental results by about six years. The dramatic growth in the experimental capacity was due to improved laboratory techniques and the progress made in optical signal management.
Figure 13 Progress in optical fiber technology.
While optical fiber is an excellent medium for the transport of SONET traffic, it is by no means the only alternative. Other cable-based systems, such as twisted pair, and wireless systems, such as microwave, are applicable as well.
Typical SONET Topology
Figure 14 shows a typical topology for a SONET network. This topology is a dual ring. Each ring is an optical fiber cable. One ring is the working facility. The other ring is the protection facility, which acts as a standby in the event of fiber or system failure on the working facility.
Figure 14 SONET topology.
End-user devices operating on LANs and digital transport systems (such as DS1, E1, etc.) are attached to the network through a SONET service adapter. This service adapter is also called an access node, a terminal, or a terminal multiplexer. This machine is responsible for supporting the end-user interface by sending and receiving traffic from LANs, DS1, DS3, E1, ATM nodes, etc. It is really a concentrator at the sending site because it consolidates multiple user traffic into a payload envelope for transport onto the SONET network. It performs a complementary, yet opposite, service at the receiving site.
The user signals (such as T1, E1, and ATM cells) are converted (mapped) into a standard format called the synchronous transport signal (STS), which is the basic building block of the SONET multiplexing hierarchy. The STS signal is an electrical signal. The notation STS-n means that the service adapter can multiplex the STS signal into higher integer multiples of the base rate. The base rate is 51.84 Mbit/s in North America and 155.520 Mbit/s in Europe. Therefore, from the perspective of a SONET terminal, the SDH base rate in Europe is an STS-3 multiplexed signal (51.84 x 3 = 155.520 Mbit/s).
The terminal/service adapter (access node) shown in Figure 14 is implemented as the end-user interface machine, or as an add-drop multiplexer (ADM). The ADM implementation multiplexes various STS input streams onto optical fiber channels. The optical fiber channels are now called the optical carrier signal and designated with the notation OC-n, where n represents the multiplexing integer. OC-n streams are demultiplexed as well as multiplexed with the ADM.
The term add-drop means that the machine can add or drop payload onto one of the fiber links. Remaining traffic that was not dropped passes straight through the multiplexer without additional processing.
The digital cross-connect (DCS) machine usually acts as a hub in the SONET network. It can not only add and drop payload, but it can also operate with different carrier rates, such as DS1, OC-n, E1, etc. The DCS can make two-way cross-connections between the payload and can consolidate and separate different types of payloads.
The DCS is designed to eliminate devices called back-to-back multiplexers. As we learned earlier, these devices contain a plethora of cables, jumpers, and intermediate distribution frames. SONET does not need all these physical components because cross-connection operations are performed by hardware and software.
The topology can be set up either as a ring or as a point-to-point system. In most networks, the ring is a dual ring, operating with two or more optical fibers. As noted, the structure of the dual ring topology permits the network to recover automatically from failures on the channels and in the channel/machine interfaces. This is known as a self-healing ring and is explained in later chapters.
Present Transport Systems and SONET
The present digital transport carrier system varies in the different geographical regions of the world. The structure is different in Japan than it is in North America, which is itself different than the structure in Europe. This disparate approach is complex and makes the interworking of the systems difficult and expensive. Moreover, it means that companies that build hardware and software for carrier systems must implement multiple commercial platforms for what could be one technology.
While SONET does not ensure equipment compatibility, it does provide a basis for vendors to build worldwide standards. Moreover, as shown with the shaded area in Figure 15, SONET is backwards compatible, in that it supports the current transport carriers' asynchronous systems in North America, Europe, and Japan. This feature is quite important because it allows different digital signals and hierarchies to operate with a common transport system, SONET. By the way, don't be concerned with all the details shown in Figure 15; they are explained later.
Figure 15 SONET support for current technologies. Note: Unless noted otherwise, speeds in Mbit/s.
Clarification of Terms
Before we proceed into a more detailed discussion of the subject matter, it is appropriate to pause and define some terms that will be used in subsequent chapters. In the early 1980s, AT&T introduced the digital access and cross-connect system (DACS) as a major enhancement to its digital transport system products. It is also called the digital cross-connect system, or DCS. The subject of DCS is introduced here in order to explain several concepts that are central to subsequent chapters.
The original DACSs were considered complex implementations of microelectronics technology. They had a RAM (random access memory) of 256 words! At that time, they were considered very esoteric machines.
Figure 16 shows some of the major operations of a DCS, which uses a combination of time-division and space-division switching techniques. The original DACS terminated up to 127 DS1 signals (3048 DS0 channels) and provided up to 1524 cross-connections.
Figure 16 Terms and concepts.
The DCS permits the assignment and redistribution of DS0 channels for drop-and-insert (also known as ADM in today's technology) services. As Figure 16(a) shows, the operation provides for the distribution of traffic to nodes reachable by the DCS (the drop operation). It also allows a node to send traffic to the DCS for delivery to another node in the network (the insert operation). Figure 16(b) shows how the DCS performs back hauling (sending traffic downstream and returning it back), which does not require back-to-back channel banks (or the conversion of the digital signals to analog and back to digital again). A DCS also performs groom-and-fill operations (Figure 16(c)), a technique in which the machine accepts input from two or more low-speed lines and multiplexes these signals into a higher speed line.
Figure 17 shows some examples of equipment and configurations that exist at the customer premises equipment and the telephone central office. Be aware that a wide variety of options are available and these examples are only a sampling of possible services and arrangements.
Figure 17 Examples of configurations.
Figure 17(a) shows a voice interface into a channel bank, which converts the analog signal into a digital signal with a CODEC (a coder/decoder). The CO then multiplexes multiple digital signals together for transmission into the network.
Figures 17(b) through 17(d) show how channel service units (CSUs), digital service units (DSUs), and office channel units (OCUs) may be employed. Before the divestiture of AT&T in 1984, the CSU and and DSU were in separate boxes. They are responsible for coding the user traffic into self-clocking signals and performing a variety of testing and loop-back functions.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, the customer was provided an interface into a digital channel with a Western Electric 500A, a CSU and DSU, or a combination of the two (CSU/DSU). The DSU converts the user equipment signals into signals that are more efficient for use in a digital network. The DSU also performs clocking and signal regeneration on the channel. The CSU performs functions such as line conditioning (equalization), which keeps the signal's performance consistent across the channel bandwidth; signal reshaping, which reconstitutes the binary pulse stream; and loop-back testing, which entails the transmission of test signals between the CSU and the network carrier's office channel unit (OCU).
Modern telecommunications and applications need increased carrier capacity for wide area transport service. In the past, the T1 system has provided this service and will continue to do so for many years. SONET represents second-generation digital carrier technology, which will eventually supplant the T1 technology. Fortunately, SONET is designed to support the T1 technology, which facilitates its placement into the pervasive and ubiquitous infrastructure.


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SpyMe 2: Multiple Remote Management
If you need to remotely administer a bunch of Macs, the obvious solution is Apple Remote Desktop. There's just one problem: the pricetag. ARD runs $299 for 10 managed systems or $499 for an unlimited number of managed systems. Of course, if you're the geeky type you can use OS X's built-in VNC with...
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Not only does The Task use just about every character cliché and overused twist to ratchet up tension that it can't generate naturally, but it also spoils the twist for The Prestige if you're still paying attention at the 30 minute mark. I don't mind when horror films go down well worn paths, but when they ruin better films that actually did something clever, that's just shameful. The Task doesn't stop there though, this weak commentary on reality television culture mixes traces of Fear Factor and Saw into a horror film that's hard to watch, nevermind enjoy.
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DVD Bonus Features
The only extra on the disc is a brief behind-the-scenes featurette which reveals a little about the filmmaking mindset that leads to a third-rate horror film like The Task.
"The Task" is on sale July 26, 2011 and is rated R. Horror. Directed by Alex Orwell. Written by Kenny Yakkel. Starring Alexandra Staden, Adam Rayner, Tom Payne, Ashley Mulheron.


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Enterprise Wireless LAN Distributed Antenna System Delivers High Performance Voice and Data
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Executive Summary
If wireless LAN services are just a nice to have add on to support a few clients, then a Distributed Antenna System is not necessary. When wireless services are core to the operation of an enterprise; when good coverage is required; when guaranteed data delivery or quality of service is required; or whenever there is a high density of wireless users a Distributed Antenna System can be a compelling add on.
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Brigette's $46 Grocery Shopping Trip and Weekly Menu Plan
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I bag Organic Limes, reduced – $1.00
1 bag Peaches and Nectarines, reduced to $0.59/lb – $1.67
1 bag Oranges, reduced – $1.00
1 bag Avocados, reduced – $1.00
1 16-oz container Mushrooms, reduced – $1.00
1 bag Apples, reduced to $0.59/lb – $1.30
2 Annie's Bunny Grahams (@$1.99 each) – $3.98, used 2 $0.75/1 Annie's printable (doubled) – $0.49/each after coupons
2 bags Food Should Taste Good Tortilla Chip (B1G1 @ $3.59) – $3.59, used 2 $0.75/1 printable (doubled) – $0.59/2 after coupons
2 Vidal Sassoon Shampoo – $4.98, used $3/2 Vidal Sassoon Shampoo or Conditioner, exp. 8/31/14 (P&G 07/27/14), plus $3.00/2 Harris Teeter evic - $1.02 MM after coupons
Total after Sales, Tax and Coupons: $8.87
2 5-lb bags Flour ($1.68 each) – $3.36
1 lb Ground Pork – $2.37
1 Onion Powder – $3.00 (this is what it my receipt shows, but this seems high for this brand!)
1 Hunts Ketchup – $1.00
2 pkgs Salad Mix (price-matched Aldi) – $0.59/each
1 Cucumber (price-matched Aldi) – $0.39
2-lb bag Red Onions (price-matched Aldi) – $0.89
2 bags Baby Carrots (price-matched Aldi) – $0.69/each
2 pkgs Grape Tomatoes (price-matched Aldi) – $0.99/each
Total: $15.55
Harris Teeter (Super Doubles #1 Trip)
2 Pantene Hairspray ($4.00 each) – $8.00, used $2.00/1 Pantene printable (doubled), plus $3.00/2 Harris Teeter evic - $3.00 MM after coupons
1 40-ct box Truvia – $4.45, used $2/1 printable (doubled), plus $0.55/1 Harris Teeter evic - $0.10 MM after coupons
1 box Multigrain Cheerios – $2.50, used $0.75/1 Multigrain Cheerios printable (doubled), plus $0.75/1 Harris Teeter evic, plus $0.75/1 Saving Star - $0.50 MM after all coupons and rebates
1 box Trix Cereal – $2.50, used $0.85/1 Trix printable (doubled), plus $0.75/1 Harris Teeter evic, plus $0.75/1 Trix Saving Star - $0.70 MM after coupons
2 cartons Breyers Ice Cream – $5.14, used 2 $1.50/1 printable, NLA (doubled) – FREE after coupons
2 pouches Starkist Tuna – $2.50, used $0.75/2 Starkist pouches printable (doubled), plus $1.00/2 Harris Teeter evic - FREE after coupons
6 Vintage Seltzer Waters (B1G1 @ $0.95) – $2.85/6, used $1.50/6 printable (doubled) – FREE after coupons
3 Naked Coconut Waters ($1.99/each) – $5.97, used 3 $1.00/1 printable (doubled) – FREE after coupons
1 Axe Deodorant – $3.99, used $1.00/1 Axe printable (doubled), plus $2.00/1 Harris Teeter evic - FREE after coupons
2 pkgs Bird's Eye Recipe Ready Vegetables ($1.67 each) – $3.34, used 2 $1.00/1 printable (doubled) – FREE after coupons
2 pkgs Hillshire Farms American Craft Sausage (B1G1 @ $5.99) – $5.99, used 2 $1.00/1 Hillshire Farms printable (doubled), plus $1.00/1 Harris Teeter evic - $0.99/2 after coupons
2 Chex Mix – $2.79, used $0.50/2 Chex Mix printable (doubled), plus $0.50/2 Harris Teeter evic, plus $0.50/2 Saving Star - $0.79/2 after all coupons and rebates
1 bag Pampers Diapers – $8.99, used $1.50/1 printable (doubled), plus $2/1 Harris Teeter evic - $3.99 after coupons
1 Arm and Hammer Toothpaste – $2.50, used $0.75/1 Arm & Hammer Toothpaste or Whitening Booster, exp. 9/30/14 (SS 07/27/14 #2), plus $0.75/1 Harris Teeter evic - $0.25 after coupons
Total after Sales, Tax, and Coupons: $0.88, plus receive $2.00 Saving Star rebate
Harris Teeter (Super Doubles Trip #2)
3 Cesar Top Sirloin dog foods (I will find a friend with a dog who can use these) – $2.10/3, used $1.00/3 printable (doubled), plus $1.00/3 Harris Teeter evic - $0.90 MM after coupons
1 Tampax Pearl Tampons – $5.19, used $2/1 Tampax Pearl or Radiant Tampon, exp. 8/31/14 (P&G 07/27/14) (doubled), plus $2/1 Harris Teeter evic - $0.81 MM after coupons
3 Laughing Cow Cheeses (B1G1 @ $3.99) – $5.99, used 3 $1.00/1 printable (doubled), plus submit for $1.00 Ibotta rebate – $1.00 MM after coupons
1 16-ct box Lipton Tea Bags – $1.50, used $0.60/1 Lipton Tea Bags, K-Cups, Tea & Honey or Iced Tea Mix Product, exp. 8/24/14 (RP 07/27/14 #2 R) (doubled), plus $0.60/1 Harris Teeter evic - $0.10 MM after coupons
6 Vintage Seltzer Waters (B1G1 @ $0.95) – $2.85/6, used $1.50/6 printable (doubled) – FREE after coupons
3 Illy Issimo Iced Coffee ($3.99 each) – $11.97, used 3 $2/1 Illy printable (doubled) – FREE after coupons
1 L.A. Looks hair gel – $1.50, used $0.75/1 printable (doubled) – FREE after coupons
1 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios – $2.50, used $1.00/1 Apple Cinnamon Cheerios coupon cut from back of a Cheerios box (doubled) – $0.50 after coupons
2 6-pk Zevia Sodas ($5.99 each) – $11.98, used 2 $2/1 Zevia printable (doubled), plus $2/2 Harris Teeter evic - $0.99/each after coupons
Total after Sales, Tax, and Coupons: $0.86, plus receive $1.oo rebate from Ibotta
($20 Post-Vacation Essentials Shopping Trip to Aldi, not pictured)
Weekly Total for all Groceries: $46.16, plus receive $2.00 back from Saving Star, $1.00 rebate from Ibotta
Weekly Menu Plan
Cereal x 2, Oatmeal x 2, Scrambled Eggs and Veggies, Smoothies, Fried Eggs and Toast
Annie's Macaroni and Cheese/Carrots/Peaches; Grilled Cheese Sandwiches/Cucumbers/Apples; Baked Potatoes/Oranges; Build-Your-Own-Salad Bar; PB&J Sandwiches/Carrots/Apples; Fried Egg Sandwiches/Peaches/Peppers; Tuna Fish Sandwiches/Nectarines/Carrots
Freezer Friendly Barbequed Meatballs (using a ground venison/ground pork mix), Tossed Salad, Steamed Carrots, Make Ahead Butterhorns
Bratwurst on the grill, Homemade French Fries, Grapes, Steamed Broccoli
Venison in the Crockpot, Creamy Milk Rice, Homemade Applesauce, Green Beans
Pakistani Kima (my mom's recipe) over Rice, Homemade Naan, Tossed Salad
Mini Pizzas (using leftover Naan as individual crusts), Fresh Veggie Plate
Leftovers x 2
Delicious Left-Overs Quiche
Guest post from Laura of Life as a Loewen
Any frugal-minded mama will tell you: it's all about using what you have on-hand.
Finding creative ways to use what's already in your fridge and pantry will save you a ton of money {and time}!
This quiche recipe combines two of my favorite things: pinching pennies and amazing-tasting food. It's thick and hearty, and can be served for breakfast, brunch or dinner.
For breakfast or brunch, try bacon and Swiss cheese served with fresh, seasonal fruit.
For dinner, try ground lamb or beef with feta served with a salad and fresh bread.
The ideas are truly endless, just include what your family loves and what's in the fridge!
Below is what we used the other day, and my entire family {husband and kids aged 5, 3, and 1} gobbled it up.
Delicious Left-Overs Quiche
Modified from The Pioneer Woman's Cowboy Quiche
- 1 unbaked pie crust — I prefer to make this easy homemade version, but feel free to use store bought as well.
- 8 large eggs
- 1 1/2 cups milk
- 1 Tablespoon garlic powder
- Salt & pepper, to taste
- Leftover Italian sausage links; cooked and chopped
- 1 1/2 cups leftover steamed broccoli
- 2 cups shredded sharp cheddar cheese
- Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Roll out pie crust and press edges own into a deep dish pie pan or spring form pan.
- Beat eggs, milk, garlic powder, salt and pepper in a large bowl then mix in desired leftovers.
- Pour mixture into uncooked pie crust.
- Place the pan on a rimmed baking sheet, and cover loosely with aluminum foil.
- Bake in preheated oven for 50-55 minutes.
- Remove foil and continue baking for 10-15 minutes, or until the quiche is set and the crust is a nice golden brown. (The quiche will appear not entirely done and slightly jiggly, but it will continue to set once it cools.)
- Remove from oven and allow to rest for 10-15 minutes.
- If using a spring form pan, remove from pan, and cut into slices with sharp serrated knife or pie slicer and enjoy!
The beauty of this recipe is that you can put in whatever you have on hand. Depending upon which ingredients you chose and time of day you serve it, you can really have a entirely new meal from one great baseline recipe!
Laura is a mama of three littles {and adopting another!} trying to pursue Jesus daily. Attempting to be genuine and raw, Laura seeks to find the humor in everyday life. Laura shares her journey through faith, motherhood, and marriage at Life As A Loewen. She's passionate, sometimes loud, and always in the mood for cupcake ice cream.
How to Make 10 Freezer Meals in One Hour—Part 2
Ruth at Living Well, Spending Less has written a sequel to her great post on How to Make 10 Freezer Meals in One Hour:
I am excited to share this no-bake version of 10 Meals in an Hour, which includes five awesome warm weather recipes that are cooked either on the grill or in the crockpot—no oven required! (Of course, if you would rather use the oven than the grill, that is always an option—you can generally just bake your chicken covered at 400 degrees for 25 minutes to get the same results!)
In order to make the cut this time, each recipe had to meet ALL of the following criteria:
- Deemed delicious by both my kids and husband
- No pre-cooking required
- Freezer friendly
- Easy to cook
- Uses budget-friendly ingredients and pantry staples
- No oven required on cooking day
In this one post you will find everything you need to prep 10 awesome freezer meals in about an hour of hands-on time (not including grocery shopping.)
10 Chicken Crock Pot Freezer Recipes and Shopping List
Saving You Dinero shares 10 Chicken Crock Pot Freezer Recipes. Plus, she also shares her Shopping List for making these recipes.
For more Crockpost Freezer Cooking ideas, check out the following links:
- Crockpot Freezer Cooking: 12 meals + a printable shopping list
- Crockpot Freezer Cooking: 40 Meals in 4 Hours
- Crockpot Freezer Cooking from Loving My Nest
- Crockpot Freezer Cooking: 20 Meals in 2 Hours
- One Afternoon of Chopping = 14 Crockpot Freezer Meals
- Printable Crockpot Freezer Meals Weekly Menu
- How to Prep 16 Crockpot Freezer Meals in Just an Hour
How to Make 7 Slow Cooker Freezer Meals in an Hour
Kelly from NewLeaf Wellness shows us how to make 7 Slow Cooker Freezer Meals in an Hour.
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Get the latest news from the MK Dons delivered for FREE to your inbox.
31 Aug 2014
14/15 season tickets -...
Season tickets for the forthcoming 2014/15 season are now on sale from the MK Dons Box Office.
23 Aug 2014
Man Utd tickets –...
Season ticket holders are reminded they have until 6pm on Saturday 23rd August to claim their seats for the Capital One Cup second round tie against Manchester United.
22 Aug 2014
Gallery: Jordan Spence
A look at the career of Jordan Spence in pictures following his permanent switch to stadiummk.
21 Aug 2014
Video: Jordan's joy...
Jordan Spence speaks exclusively to MK Dons Player after returning to the Club on a permanent basis.
21 Aug 2014
In focus: Jordan Spence
mkdons.com takes a look at the career of Jordan Spence, who has returned to the Dons on a permanent basis.
21 Aug 2014
Spence returns to...
MK Dons are delighted to welcome back defender Jordan Spence, who returns to stadiummk on a one-year deal, with the option of a further 12 months.
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"old town square" : phrase search
old town : either of these words
@tags church : panoramas tagged church
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@author jeffrey martin : panoramas by jeffrey martin
@author willy : panoramas by an author named willy
born @author jeffrey : panoramas from jeffrey that have the word born
@name willy : authors named willy
@name jeffrey martin : authors named jeffrey martin
@format spherical : spherical panoramas
@format cylindrical : cylindrical panoramas
Published about 5 years ago by Domenico Perrone
Torre del Parco è un importante monumento del 1400 recentemente restaurato da un illuminato imprenditore leccese. Oggi accoglie eventi importanti in una cornice raffinata.
View on map >>
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Tibra CFO makes switch to futures brokerage
27 Feb 2013
The chief financial officer at one of the world's largest high-frequency trading firms has left to join a London-based futures brokerage, Financial News has learnt.
Take a Financial News trial today:
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Europe's investment banking recovery isn't sustainable
European banks have only stabilised their trading businesses
From The Wall Street Journal


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While the NFL continues to squabble with its players over the labor situation there is not a whole lot happening in the world of football outside of athletes tweeting about where they're eating and their workout schedules. With that in mind, I figured maybe it was time for a new poll. Who is your favorite current Tampa Bay Buccaneer? I'll put the obvious ones on the list (including some rookies and a coach or two…) and if you favor someone else, vote other and write him into the comments.
Loading ...
Next Buccaneers Game View full schedule »
Sunday, Sep 77 Sep4:25Carolina PanthersBuy Tickets
Dick's Sporting Goods presents "Hell Week":


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Videos > Ex Girlfriend > I plowed these two farm chicks with everything
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Definition: 'Hepatojugular Reflux'
hepatojugular refluxType: Term
1. an elevation of venous pressure visible in the jugular veins and measurable in the veins of the arm, produced in active or impending congestive heart failure and constrictive pericarditis by firm pressure with the flat hand over the abdomen. Often called hepatojugular reflux when pressure is exclusively over the liver.
Synonyms: abdominojugular reflux
The information shown above for hepatojugular reflux is provided by Stedman's.
* Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provide a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.


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You can now filter search results with text. Example: "person: john" will search only person pages for "john".
Diablo III is a great game that, despite its mouse-and-keyboard roots, adapts to consoles surprisingly well.
Ubisoft Montpellier's take on the first World War is a surprisingly heartfelt adventure.
Many games try to use nostalgia to lure you in, but few of them are as well-made as Shovel Knight.
Game »
consists of 2 releases.
Released May 02, 2000
Trials HD is a 3D, physics-based motorcycle racing/platforming game played out on a 2D plane exclusive to the Xbox 360 via the Xbox Live Marketplace.
MotoGP 08 features high-speed motorcycle racing with famous riders and top bike manufacturers, and promises to be more accessible than ever to beginners.
MotorStorm: Pacific Rift lets players race in vehicles of all shapes and sizes across the harsh, untamed terrain of a tropical island in the Pacific Ocean.
SBK-08: Superbike World Championship is the official game for the '08 Superbike World Championship season.
Speed Racer: The Videogame is a blisteringly fast movie tie-in racing game on courses full of loops and huge jumps, in which you're able to attack the other racers. Two different games were made for the movie, one for Nintendo Wii and Playstation 2, the other for Nintendo DS.
An indie motorcycle racing game developed by Redlynx.
Data Design returns with more of the same in Monster Trux: Offroad.
Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam moves away from the flat free skate maps and instead focuses on speed and beating your opponents to the bottom of the map.
Moto Racer Advance is a Game Boy Advance game in the Moto Racer franchise.
Mow down your opponents in this combat-racing game for the PlayStation 2.
And RC car racing game where doing spins, flips and other stunts earns you points that can be exchanged for upgrades.
Action packed ATV racing.
NASCAR Rumble is a arcade style racing game with power-ups, ala Mario Kart, based on the NASCAR franchise.
Motocross Madness is a moto-racing game released for the PC.
Acclaim brings the world of dirt bike racing to the PlayStation.
4x4 Off-Road Racing is an offroad racing simulator with the option to choose your race track and then customise your truck for the track conditions.
Motocross is an intellivision game that simulates the sport of Motocross.
Excitebike is a 1985 motocross racing game for the NES. Race around premade tracks and even create custom ones!
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Adam Oates says that despite a third Hart Trophy, there is plenty more for Alex Ovechkin to give.
Capitals Talk
Brooks Laich's training camp practice lasted just 10 minutes.
Brooks Laich missed 39 games last season with groin problems. His injury raises a red flag.
After falling short two straight springs, Braden Holtby says the Caps are hardened enough to win it all.
When they hit the ice today the Capitals will look a lot like they did in April.


text:
Well met at Audiko, where you can easily get killer ringtones for your mobile phone. Today we have a ringtone of "Sponji Reggae" by Black Uhuru as well as 56 other ringtones by Black Uhuru. "Sponji Reggae" is a real hit from the "Red" album that was issued by Black Uhuru at their studios together with other 1 tracks. You can listen to all 3 Black Uhuru – "Sponji Reggae" ringtone variations available here and download it for free to your computer. You can also explore other 15 albums produced by Black Uhuru for all time. "Sponji Reggae" is referred to Reggae, and Audiko offer a huge amount of Reggae tracks absolutely for free. And finally, we have collected lyrics for this track and you can view it here as well. So feel free to browse, listen, download ringtones at Audiko.net. Make your phone sound cool!
Black Uhuru - Sponji Reggae
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- Luke Sital-Singh - Bottled Up Tight
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- Nat Simons - Another Coffee and Cigarette Day
- Leiva - Tu Respiración
- Moodoid - Yes & You


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I hope you are watching! ☺ While I am working on My Monster High Characters, I have a new game called Beach Flirting Game. Based on School Flirting Game and ...
Jonah Hill?s mile high club fail
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The "geek mind" is concerned with more than just the latest iPhone rumors, or which company will win the gaming console wars. I4U is concerned with more than just the latest photo shoot or other celebrity gossip.
The "geek mind" is concerned with life, in all its different forms and facets. The geek mind wants to know about societal and financial issues, both abroad and at home. If a Fortune 500 decides to raise their minimum wage, or any high priority news, the geek mind wants to know. The geek mind wants to know the top teams in the National Football League, or who's likely to win the NBA Finals this coming year. The geek mind wants to know who the hottest new models are, or whether the newest blockbuster movie is worth seeing. The geek mind wants to know. The geek mind wants—needs—knowledge.
Read more about The Geek Mind.
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text: eSports at Berkeley CSL Champions First time here? Use the CustomInk design lab to make your own t-shirts! Is it a winner? Current Score4.5 View full-size image Design Your Own < previous next > "eSports at Berkeley's Starcraft CSL team competed in the AZUBU Collegiate Starleague Season 6 against 315 schools from around the world for $90,000 in prizes. After qualifying for the live event in Los Angeles on February 16 by becoming one of the top four teams in the playoffs, eSports at Berkeley began to train extensively, and ordered CustomInk t-shirts for the club. The eSports at Berkeley team attended the live event and won their first match against Denmark's Aarhus University 4-1, securing their spot in the grand finals. Korea's Chunnam Techno University defeated the fierce University of Washington 4-0 and moved on to face Berkeley. Finally, in an extremely tense and nailbiting series, Berkeley came out on top in the grand finals 4-3 over Chunnam Techno University, becoming the first ever 2-time winner of Collegiate StarLeague and winning $40,000. The Berkeley team was praised as the most cohesive team at the event, and a lot of this had to do with the uniformity of the team. Berkeley's CustomInk shirts made them stand out and increased team unity, providing Berkeley the much needed morale to win the Collegiate StarLeague. Plus, the club was able to get a lot of exposure as well! eSports at Berkeley was extremely satisfied to have worked with CustomInk in designing the shirts." - http://esports.berkeley.edu - eSports at Berkeley (Feb 19, 2013) Similar Photos: competitive | starcraft | tournament | videogames | collegiate | starleague | college athletics Share this photo: Twitter Facebook comment by Guest - Feb 20, 2013 - back to the top go bears! comment by Guest - Feb 20, 2013 - back to the top Aww yeah ! comment by Guest - Feb 20, 2013 - back to the top yessir 8)


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By Latina Staff | 12/17/2013 - 15:30
Did you know Pitbull has niños? He and these other men are some of Hollywood's hottest baby daddies! Check 'em out:
Read more
By Priscilla Rodriguez | 12/06/2013 - 13:45
Over a year after Marc Anthony filed for divorce from Jennifer Lopez, the 44-year-old has finally responded to his petition, and she's included one additional request.
According to USA Today, Lopez took Anthony's real last name when they married in 2004 and legally became Jennifer Muniz.
Read more
By Priscilla Rodriguez | 11/27/2013 - 10:07
It seems Marc Anthony's ex-wife, Dayanara Torres, isn't too pleased with him!
According to TMZ, Torres is claiming that the salsa crooner is not giving her enough child support and is now demanding that Anthony increase the amount of support from $13,000 a month to $113,000 a month.
Read more
By Cristina Arreola | 11/21/2013 - 13:03
From Selena Gomez to Thalia to Daddy Yankee, bachatero Prince Royce has already collaborated with some of the best in the business!
Read more
By Cristina Arreola | 11/18/2013 - 11:44
All we want for Christmas....is to see Marc Anthony and Prince Royce together in concert!
Dreams do come true, because the Latino crooners will be teaming up for a concert on December 15 at Punta Cana's Hard Rock Hotel in the Dominican Republic.
Read more
By Priscilla Rodriguez | 11/15/2013 - 09:30
We've been huge fans of Mary J. Blige since her "Real Love" days! The 42-year-old is the recipient of nine Grammy Awards and eight of her album's have reached multi-platinum success in the United States. Blige recently collaborated with Marc Anthony for "Noche de Paz," a single off her new Christmas album, A Mary Christmas.
Read more
By Priscilla Rodriguez | 11/13/2013 - 10:00
Love doesn't always last forever among Hollywood couples, but it seems sometimes, friendships do! From Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck to Demi Lovato and Joe Jonas, here are 10 celebrity couples who have remained friendly:
Read more
By Cristina Arreola | 11/12/2013 - 16:39
They say true love lasts forever.
While that statement may or may not be true, one thing is certain: tattoos stick around...long after the love is gone. Last week, Marco Perego was spotted with a large tattoo dedicated to his new wife, Zoe Saldana, proving that in Hollywood, there's no more permanent way to say "Te Amo" than by inking it onto your body.
Read more
By Cristina Arreola | 11/07/2013 - 14:27
They say that age is nada but a number...and that's especially true when it comes to love! While some studies claim that the ideal age range for a relationship is between three and five years, more and more couples are opting to break the norm and settle down with partners who are much older or younger!
Read more
By Priscilla Rodriguez | 11/03/2013 - 10:00
Ever wonder how stars get their start in the Hollywood industry? Well, we have the back story for some of your favorite celebs! From Adrienne Bailon to Shakira, see how 8 Latino stars got their big breaks:
Read more


text: MHS IB Spanish at MACHU PICCHU! First time here? Use the CustomInk design lab to make your own t-shirts! Is it a winner? Current Score4.9 View full-size image Design Your Own < previous next > "Our IB Spanish class of went on a service trip to Peru last June. We spent one week in Lima building a library for an elementary school in Manchay, Peru. We then traveled to Cuzco, Peru for another week to visit Machu Picchu and other Inca ruins. We created the ¿Cómo se llama? t-shirt design for our group picture on Machu Picchu. We received so many compliments and laughs from people from all over the world. We had a great experience working with CustomInk! " - MHS IB Spanish (Sep 14, 2010) Similar Photos: travel | peru | spanish | students | k-12 | fun | service trip | machu picchu | inca ruins Share this photo: Twitter Facebook