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Internet News
News on Internet continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
38 min ago | CIO
Broadband and the Future of Learning
America's schools have gotten wired. Virtually every school and library in the U.S. is now online, thanks in part to the federal E-Rate program, which has been providing subsidies for Internet connections since 1997.
1 hr ago | Reuters
Countdown to Alibaba IPO is on
Sources tell Reuters Alibaba will start its roadshow the week of September 8th, and start trading the following week.
5 hrs ago | Canada.com
Andrew MacDougall: Can the news survive?
Thousands of people attended Labour Day celebrations Monday at Swangard Stadium in Burnaby, including Jim Sinclair, president of the B.C. Federation of Labour, and Jim Iker, president of the BC Teachers Federation.
10 hrs ago | Clickz
Best Practices for Turning Back-to-School Searches Into Purchases
A recent survey shows that 73 percent of back-to-school shoppers are using mobile Internet for nearly every part of their back-to-school shopping process.
13 hrs ago | TheStreet.com
Sept. 2 Premarket Briefing: 10 Things You Should Know
Your browser is not supported. Please upgrade to one of the following browsers: Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Apple Safari Microsoft Internet Explorer 8+ You may proceed to the site by clicking here , however some pages might not work correctly.
17 hrs ago | Examiner.com
Top news: Proof Ferguson cops lied, NSA's secret search engine, more
Below are key excerpts of important news articles giving proof that Ferguson cops lied in court on bloodying an innocent man, on a secret NSA search engine designed for federal agents, the deep influence on Congress of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee , and more.
Alibaba to be back pushing its share offering in city
Hong Kong may been snubbed by Alibaba Group Holding for its huge initial public offering, but the mainland e-commerce giant will be knocking on doors in the city soon.
Visual search to shop: gimmick or game changing?
Imagine using your phone to snap a photo of the cool pair of sunglasses your friend is wearing and instantly receiving a slew of information about the shades along with a link to order them.
Culture Secretary Sajid Javid has warned internet search engine...
Culture Secretary Sajid Javid says there could be a new law if web firms do not crack down on pirate sites Culture Secretary Sajid Javid has warned internet search engine companies legislation could be introduced if they do not make "real progress" in clamping down on links to pirate websites.
Search engines may face pirate law
Culture Secretary Sajid Javid says there could be a new law if web firms do not crack down on pirate sites Culture Secretary Sajid Javid has warned internet search engine companies legislation could be introduced if they do not make "real progress" in clamping down on links to pirate websites.
Internet Explorer usage jumps up for August, Chrome drops
Every month, we take a look at the market share of operating systems and also the browser market share of the top three players : Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome.
Send Press Releases with GlobeNewswire
FWT, Inc., a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of wireless communication infrastructure products, today reported that its 1999 fiscal year-to-date backlog has increased 47 percent to $25 million from $17 million at fiscal year-end 1998, as a result of orders for communications towers.
Anyone using the Internet is at risk, regardless of age and regardless of what they like to do online.
@ThingsExpo | IoT Is the New Big Data?
My favorite writer, Gil Press , sums it up with, " It's Official: The Internet Of Things Takes Over Big Data As The Most Hyped Technology " where he talks about how Gartner released its latest Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies , and how big data has moved down the "trough of disillusionment," replaced by the Internet of Things at the top of the ... (more)
Alibaba IPO Comes With Unusual Structure
Foreigners who want to buy Alibaba Group shares in the Chinese e-commerce giant's U.S. public offering will need to get comfortable with an unusual business structure.
As Amazon and Alibaba Face Off, Who Will Come Out On Top?
I am a Washington, D.C.-based writer who covers global economic trends, with a focus on China and India.
Inspections slow LibanPost deliveries
BEIRUT: Marwan has been waiting more than two months for the delivery of a smartphone that he ordered via online merchant Ali Express.
First, it's worth appreciating the article which in essence has served a s a key eye opener to the entire EBay fraternity including the customers.
Everything in your life seems to be going so well; you're in an amazing relationship, your career is taking off and your social life is buzzing.
Customer Interaction Solutions
SEO Tips Blog Increases Focus on SEO Trade Shows & Cities, Announces JM Internet Group
San Jose, CA August 30, 2014 The JM Internet Group, the leader in online SEO training, is proud to announce that its SEO Tips blog has begun coverage of SEO trade shows and specific cities for search engine optimization training services.
Should minors be allowed to handle semi-automatic weapons?
Watch This Cute Mini Pig Get Tickled With A Feather Duster. He Is LOVING It.
Watch A Beautiful Moment As This Mom With Alzheimer's Recognizes Her Daughter
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Updated: Tue Sep 02, 2014 06:32 pm
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What Is 'Real Scientific Research'?
A recent article in The Dallas Morning News and a follow-up NBC interview presented some history and touched on the tenets of the Institute for Creation Research. Both news reports sparked inquiries from readers and viewers. For example, some are now asking, "What defines credible scientific research?" More...
DNA Was Created as a Reservoir for the Information of Life
Secular scientists claimed in the 1970s that chimp genomes are 98% similar to humans, and it was apparently verified by more modern techniques. But that estimate actually used isolated segments of DNA that we already share with chimps—not the whole genomes. The latest comparison that included all of the two species' DNA revealed a huge difference from the percentage scientists have been claiming for years. More...
ICR Featured in The Dallas Morning News
The Institute for Creation Research was featured on the front page of the August 15, 2014, edition of The Dallas Morning News in an article that contrasts the evolutionary story with young-earth creationism. More...
Christian Band Rejects Literal Genesis
Respected guitarist and talented Christian songwriter Michael Gungor has recently made the news—not with his music, but with his outspoken rejection of a historical Genesis. Gungor cited science and reason for his position on Noah's Ark. How reasonable are his reasons? More...
European Spacecraft's Comet Close-up a World First
After a ten-year-long flight, the European Space Agency's (ESA) Rosetta spacecraft entered into orbit around a comet. It will soon attempt to actually land a probe on the comet's surface. Though data-gathering has only just begun, the comet is already divulging secrets. More...
Does Dinosaur Extinction Encourage Faith?
Many professors at private religious universities cling to secular views of the past despite the clear anti-Christian consequences. Theological inferences from a recent study on dinosaur extinction illustrate this dilemma. More...
Solar System Geysers—Each a Fountain of Youth
Detailed inspection of a Saturn moon now shows not just one, but 101 geysers shooting ice particles into space. If these geysers formed billions of years ago they should be old, cold, and dead—that is, completely inactive. Why aren't they? More...
Recent News
- Solar-Powered Sea Slug Illuminates Evolutionary Weaknesses
- Zombie Ant Origins Mystify
- Four-Winged Dinosaur Definition Doesn't Fly
- Echolocation
- Fossilized Brain May Give Paleontologists Headache
- NASA's Far-Out Search for Life
- Circular Arguments Punch Holes in Triceratops Study
- Second Look Causes Scientist to Reverse Dino-Bird Claim
- Do We Always Believe What Scientists Say?
- Did Adam Really Live 930 Years?
- Oops! Evolutionists Disproving Evolution
- Clever Clover: Evidence for Evolution?
- Darwin's 'Special Difficulty' Solved?
- Ceremony Becoming the Occasion

subset: commoncrawl


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No changes for Dubs for Donegal showdown
Dublin manager Jim Gavin has announced an unchanged line-up for Sunday's All-Ireland football semi-final against Donegal.
Dublin manager Jim Gavin has announced an unchanged line-up for Sunday's All-Ireland football semi-final against Donegal.
David McMillan came off the bench to hit a brace as Dundalk overturned a 2-1 deficit to beat Bohemians 3-2 and take a huge step towards the Premier Division title.
Bray Wanderers arrested their slide down the table with a first win in 14 SSE Airtricity League games as they recorded a comfortable 2-0 win over fellow strugglers UCD at the Carlisle Grounds.
A first league goal of the season from Simon Madden maintained Shamrock Rovers' revival under Pat Fenlon as the Hoops defeated Sligo Rovers 1-0 at Tallaght Stadium.
There's a full programme of Premier League games this weekend with Spurs, Man City, Chelsea and Swansea all sitting at the top of the table.
Athlone Town and Cork City played out a thrilling 2-2 Premier Division draw at Lissywoollen, with the hosts twice coming from behind to deny the title-chasing Rebels a victory.
Qualifier Mirjana Lucic-Baroni upset US Open second seed Simona Halep to reach the fourth round at a grand slam for the first time in 15 years.
Fernando Torres' frustrating and underwhelming time as a Chelsea player looks to be nearly over after AC Milan struck a deal to take him on a two-year loan.
Drogheda United claimed a vital SSE Airtricity League away win as they eased to a 3-0 victory against Limerick at Thomond Park.
Champions St Patrick's Athletic secured the SSE Airtricity League Premier Division points at Derry City thanks to a backs to the wall display at the Brandywell, 1-0.
Donegal's Michael Murphy is not giving too much away as to how the side will approach the challenge of Dublin in Sunday's All-Ireland SFC semi-final at Croke Park.
As a South African he cannot compete in the Ryder Cup, but Hennie Otto may still have played a significant part in deciding Europe's team in the Italian Open.
Montpellier have reached agreement with Tottenham for the sale of defensive midfielder Benjamin Stambouli to the north London club.
Fourth seed David Ferrer was handed a walkover into the third round of the US Open when opponent Bernard Tomic pulled out with hip problems.
Ireland's Eoghan Clifford has claimed gold at the Para-Cycling Road World Championships in South Carolina.
Alessandro de Marchi won stage 7 of the Vuelta a Espana, while Alejandro Valverde retains the overall lead.
RTÉ will show 78 live SSE Airtricity Premier Division and FAI Cup games as part of a new agreement with the Football Association of Ireland.
Ireland's Paul O'Donovan finished just outside the medals after finishing fourth in the lightweight single sculls final at the World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam.
Despite a boost for Mayo with the news that Lee Keegan will be available to face Kerry, Kevin McStay still finds it hard to pick a winner from Saturday's All-Ireland SFC semi-final replay.
Hugo Palmer is excited at the prospect of saddling the highly-promising Aktabantay in the European Wealth Solario Stakes at Sandown on Saturday.


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The Daily Republic
New middle school principal seeks climate of trust
Davison County Commissioner Gerald Weiss dies
ND sees highest number of bee colonies ever
30-inch oil line from Bakken faces Iowa fight
Rosholt ethanol plant reopens after 18 months
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SD-based Great Western Bancorp files for initial public offering
New Aberdeen beef plant execs plan to fire up production in 2015
Regional states eye SD's milk production success
SD ag officials cancel trade trip to Russia
Economy slowing down in rural parts of 10 states
With poor rail flow, SD farmers and elevators pile, bag grain
Rosholt ethanol plant reopens after 18 months
Thune addresses grain shipment delays at Rapid City forum
Use of cover crops for forage supply, dairy production
Tips to help improve silage quality
Mistakes plague Mitchell in 30-2 loss to Yankton
DSU downs Mayville State 28-20
DWU women's soccer drops two in Denver
Tiger men fall to College of Idaho
Area volleyball roundup: Burke/South Central rallies, beats Colome 3-2
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Couple tied knot on March 15
Herrick woman receives journalism scholarship
Legislature seeks college students for intern positions
Howard man commissioned second lieutenant in SDANG
Couple tied knot on March 15
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Guy L. Chilson
June E Brewick
Jeremy Leander
Gail M. Huether
Francis W. "Buck" Terca
But for the grace of God
Class officers chosen at Ethan High School
Hisses and Cheers
OPINION: Hoven's resolve provides an inspiring example
LETTER: Choose Senate candidate carefully
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WILTZ: African Plains Game -- There's nothing plain about it.
Pick your spots to hunt -- Chamberlain is solid; Mitchell, Winner are decent
Got pheasants? Pick your spots to hunt this fall
Bigger planes to fly to Pierre during hunting season
Young pheasant tally shows birds to increase
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Weather Forecast
September 1, 2014
But for the grace of God
If you have read my column even occasionally over the years, you may have noticed that I have an inordinate fondness for adages, those wise, pithy saying that your parents or grandparents bored or tortured you with as a child. I won't say that my investigations into these are entirely...
opinion / columns
3 hours 31 min ago
Class officers chosen at Ethan High School
Class officers were chosen for the 2014-15 school year. Freshman class officers are: president, John Conrad; vice president, Tabitha Sonne; and secretary-treasurer, Jonathon Freeman. Sophomores: president, Janea Gustafson; vice president Kacey Bartscher; and secretary-treasurer, Haley...
opinion / columns
3 hours 44 min ago
August 29, 2014
WOSTER: No helmet? That's crazy!
My hair is thinning, it's kind of fine and it's totally unruly, so when I wear a cap or hat or bicycle helmet, it creates the kinds of patterns that make my granddaughter Sage laugh and point and say. "Spikes. Spikes.'' Even so, I've had a few growths removed from my forehead and...
opinion / columns
August 29, 2014 - 3:56pm
August 28, 2014
DAUGAARD: Something for all ages to enjoy at the state fair
Classes have begun again, football season will soon be under way and South Dakota's favorite end-of-summer event is upon us — the South Dakota State Fair, held today through Monday in Huron. Families have enjoyed good times at the State Fair for generations, and I am looking forward...
opinion / columns
August 28, 2014 - 7:39pm
August 27, 2014
AMY NOVAK: Knowledge fuels the new economy
Each year as I prepare my children for the new school year, I am reminded of how much has changed. When my third grade son's science textbook introduced the human genome project, or my high school son began watching online videos about physics principles, or our daughter scanned...
opinion / columns
August 27, 2014 - 10:28pm
GUEBERT: OMG GMOs
The cool summer heated up mid-month when a longstanding war of words re-ignited with three little matches labeled "GMO." That this fire still burns hot 20 years after the introduction of GM crops is testament to both the public's continuing unease about putting something known...
opinion / columns
August 27, 2014 - 10:37am
August 26, 2014
WOSTER: The time when video lottery went black
Twenty years ago this summer, South Dakota legislative leaders and then-Gov. Walt Miller were still wondering how they'd make up more than $60 million the state treasury faced losing because video lottery had been ruled unconstitutional. This is the month in 1994 when the bubbly...
opinion / columns
August 26, 2014 - 9:55pm
OPINION: South Dakota's continuing DUI problem
On Aug. 21, the South Dakota Supreme Court has ruled that the state's DUI implied consent law was unconstitutional. Without explicit consent of a drunk driver, police must get a warrant to determine the blood alcohol content, unless exigent circumstances exist. The Legislature will...
opinion / columns
August 26, 2014 - 9:48pm
OPINION: Free Range Kids: Why I let my children walk to the corner store
Of all the adventures my lucky children had this summer — swimming in two oceans, hanging out on their bearded uncle's commercial salmon fishing boat, endless popsicles — the biggest one, they told me, was just 495 feet away in their own Washington, D.C., neighborhood. ...
opinion / columns
August 26, 2014 - 12:26pm
TODD EPP: Restaging of Benda's death was inappropriate
Call me skeptical. I, too, think the explanation that Richard Benda, one of the key players in the ongoing EB-5 saga here in South Dakota, committed suicide seems difficult to believe. But there is a huge gap between my journalistic skepticism and actual proof. Attorney General...
opinion / columns
August 26, 2014 - 12:17pm
August 24, 2014
AMY KIRK: Lead Cow Syndrome affects some women
In every cow herd there is at least one, if not more than one lead cow. The same could be said — and has been said in our car before — about certain women on the road or in a crowd with "lead cow" syndrome. Being heavily tailgated while driving somewhere then passed...
opinion / columns
August 24, 2014 - 10:28pm
MERCER: SD senator led Congress to Labor Day
PIERRE -- Remember James Kyle? He was South Dakota's most improbable U.S. senator. Officially an independent, he served his first term with...
opinion / columns
August 24, 2014 - 10:20pm
August 22, 2014
WOSTER: Remembering Dad, who taught me well before I knew it
It was hot, stiflingly so, that late-summer evening 46 years ago when our dad died. It would have been this week -- Aug. 19, 1968 -- when he gave up and stopped breathing in a hospital room in Chamberlain. Cancer claimed our dad, Henry Woster, at the age of 56. He was a big, strong,...
opinion / columns
August 22, 2014 - 9:17pm
God -- where are you?
We wake up, go to work, come home, go to bed and then do it all over again. Year after year, we do it with short breaks intermixed, and it all seems good until we stop and wonder why. Have you stopped to wonder why? Is this all there is, the here and now? Or is there more? The truth...
opinion / columns
August 22, 2014 - 8:14pm
OPINION: When Congress is OK wasting money
By Trudy Lieberman Rural Health News Service Evidence continues to pile up that Medicare Advantage plans are no advantage for taxpayers. MA plans, as they are called, are one alternative for seniors to receive their Medicare benefits. But in this case, the benefits come from...
opinion / columns
August 22, 2014 - 8:37am
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Mid-Book Test - Hard
|Name: _________________________
|Period: ___________________
This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. One of the things that drew Jen to Eric is that he never says anything about the __________ in her cabin.
2. Miriam Brown is known as the town's most infamous __________ and she has one of her babies with her.
3. What does the family have to cope with in regard to the situation with Wallace and his brain tumor?
4. Who tells Jen that she might as well stay with Eric since he is comfortable and convenient?
5. While everyone loves this person, this person still drives everyone crazy with his/her silly and boundless energy. Who is it?
Short Essay Questions
1. What does Sarah say is completely normal when the children walk into the hospital room?
2. What happens to Wallace in the week before his surgery, making him think that Mercury is targeting him?
3. What are the criteria that Jen has in terms of deciding whether or not to take a job that she is offered by another?
4. How did Eric and Jen meet, according to the story that Jen tells in the book?
5. What is the worry that Jen has about being at parties, and what a person might ask her when she is there?
6. What is the living situation of Jen at the beginning of the story and how did she come upon this arrangement?
7. What happens on the day that Wallace is discharged from the hospital after his surgery?
8. What happens every Tuesday night in Jen's life, according to the story?
9. What happens in order to wake Wallace up and to get him talking to his children in the room?
10. What does Jen know will happen every time she schedules a meeting with Kathleen?
Essay Topics
Essay Topic 1
Megan's relationship to Honey seems to be a comfortable one, one in which they see each other and hope to see each other again soon, even though Honey knows she is old.
Part 1: Why do you think Megan goes to see Honey?
Part 2: Do you think that Honey likes Jen?
Part 3: How do you think Megan's visits with Honey are helpful to the both of them?
Essay Topic 2
Jen seems to be just getting by in life, working only enough to support herself and her writing time.
Part 1: How do you feel about the character of Jen in this story?
Part 2: Why do you think Jen doesn't want to do more with her life?
Part 3: Do you think it's a good idea to simply work to create time for pleasure?
Essay Topic 3
Megan and Jen talk about how senseless it is that young people get cancer and how good people get sick.
Part 1: Do you think that it's senseless that young people get cancer?
Part 2: Why do you think cancer and illness upset people so much that they take it personally?
Part 3: How do you think you would feel if a friend got cancer?
This section contains 720 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)


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A 14-year-old boy was one of three people killed along with at least four others wounded in citywide shootings Thursday, police said.
The most recent fatal shooting happened about 10:15 p.m. in the Chicago Lawn neighborhood on the Southwest Side, police said.
Officers who were responding to a call of shots fired found Kevin Diaz, 14, lying unresponsive on the sidewalk in the 6400 block of South Francisco Avenue, according to police and the Cook County Medical Examiner's office.
Diaz, who lived two blocks north of where he was shot to death, was pronounced dead less than a half hour later, authorities said.
The shooting is believed to be gang-related, police said.
About 8:45 p.m., Brian McKinney, 20, was standing on the sidewalk in the 10700 block of South Indiana Avenue, when several people walked up and fired shots in his direction, according to police and the medical examiner's office. He suffered gunshot wounds to the arm and hip, and the people then ran away.
McKinney, of the 7300 block of South Perry Avenue, was taken to Advocate Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn, where he was pronounced dead, authorities said.
Earlier Thursday, an 18-year-old man was found dead with a gunshot wound in the West Side Humboldt Park neighborhood.
Robert Waldon was found unresponsive with multiple gunshot wounds at 1:17 a.m. in the 1300 block of North Hamlin Avenue, authorities said.
Waldon, of the 3800 block of West Grand Avenue, was pronounced dead at the scene at 1:54 a.m., according to the medical examiner's office. He was a documented gang member, police said.
The most recent non-fatal shooting left a 17-year-old boy injured in the Chicago Lawn neighborhood
About 8:05 p.m., the boy was walking in the 6300 block of South Artesian Avenue when he was shot in the ankle, police said. He was taken to Holy Cross Hospital in "stable" condition
Thirty-five minutes earlier, a male, whose age was not immediately known, suffered a gunshot wound to the leg about 7:30 p.m. in the 9800 block of South Yates Boulevard, police said. Hospital information was not available.
Shortly after 6 p.m., a man was shot in the West Pullman neighborhood on the Far South Side.
The man, 20, was shot in the lower back in the 12400 block of South Union Avenue, police said. He was taken to Christ Medical Center, where he was listed in "stable" condition.
Less than 30 minutes earlier, a man was shot during an attempted robbery in the South Side Washington Park neighborhood.
The 22-year-old man suffered a gunshot wound to the leg about 5:50 p.m. in the 0 to 100 block of East 53rd Street, police said. He was taken to John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County in good condition. Police said the shooting happened during an attempted robbery, but additional details were not immediately available.
No one is in custody for any of the shootings as area detectives investigate.
Follow @fox32news
205 N. Michigan AvenueGround FloorChicago, IL 60601Station Operator: (312) 565-5532Newsroom: (312)565-5533


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Tennessee > Secretary Of State > Limited Partnership
Application For Reservation Of LP Name SS-4476 - Tennessee
|Application For Reservation Of LP Name Form. This is a Tennessee form and can be used in Limited Partnership Secretary Of State .
|Get this form for FREE as a print-only pdf
For Office Use Only Corporate Filings 312 Rosa L. Parks Ave. 6th Floor, William R. Snodgrass Tower Nashville, TN 37243 APPLICATION FOR RESERVATION OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NAME Note: An application for name reservation need not be f led with a certif cate of limited partnership. To the Secretary of State of the State of Tennessee: The undersigned hereby applies for reservation of the following limited partnership name for a period of four (4) months: (Name to be reserved) [Note: The limited partnership name proposed for reservation must meet the requirements as outlined in the Tennessee Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, Section 61-2-102 (if domestic) or 61-2907(a) (if foreign).] The name and address of the applicant is: Zip Code Date: , Signature Name (typed or printed) Signer's Capacity (if other than individual capacity) SS-4476 (Rev. 4/08) Filing Fee $20 RDA 2135 American LegalNet, Inc. www.FormsWorkFlow.com


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Mike Napoli is what he is.
He is not the MVP candidate he played like in 2011, but for the other six of the past seven years, he's been a remarkably consistent player.
Not counting 2011 when he hit .320/.414/.631 with 30 home runs, Napoli has put together four seasons since 2008 where he hit at least 20 home runs. Since becoming a full-time player in 2009, he's walked at least 40 times per season every year and has posted an OPS no lower than .784. In 2011, he was a 5.6 win player, but in every other year since 2008, he's been a 2-3 win player.
Even at his worst, which was likely his 2010 campaign in which he hit .238/.316/.468 with 26 home runs, Napoli was better than any catchers the Pittsburgh Pirates have.
Pirates catchers hit .218/.300/.392 in 2012, with 23 home runs, with most of that production coming from the surprising emergence of Michael McKenry, who came on strong last year and stole more at-bats from assumed starter Rod Barajas than anyone expected. Barring a repeat of McKenry's improbable month-and-a-half stretch when he hit .397 with eight home runs, the Pirates will be lucky to get production even that good next year.
Rod Barajas is likely going to be one-and-done in Pittsburgh, with the Pirates unlikely to pick up his $3.5 million option for next year.
As beloved as he is by the fans, to the point that #startthefort was trending on Twitter during the summer in Pittsburgh, Michael McKenry is not a starting catcher. While his production was a pleasant surprise for the Pirates this summer, increased exposure to major league pitching showed the flaws in his game, as he went just 17 for his final 103 at-bats after peaking at a .285 batting average in early August. He is a nice backup catcher, and his power makes him among the best in the game at that role, but let's leave it at that. Starting Michael McKendry is something the old Pirates would do – the same Pirates that have lost 20 straight seasons.
If these Pirates want to be the "new" Pirates, they need to make a move.
The nice thing about Naopil is that the Pirates can make a reasonable assumption as to what they will get out of their investment. They can essentially pencil Napoli into their lineup for 110-120 games, with a .250-.260 batting average, a .340-.360 on-base percentage, and 20-25 home runs.
If there is one spot where the Pirates need to increase their offensive production next season, it's behind the plate. Additionally, the Pirates desperately need another right-handed bat to balance out the left-handed production they get from Pedro Alvarez and Garrett Jones.
There's not much to work with on the free agent market, meaning Napoli could end up getting a sizable payday, but entering his 31-year-old season, shouldn't command more than around a four-year deal.
As long as the Pirates offer him a contract based on his 2008-2010, 2012 production and not his 2011 outlier season, he will be worth the stability he brings behind the plate.


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By Erica Robinson | Thu, 08/28/2014 - 18:11
New USDA guidelines prohibit all unhealthy foods and drinks in public schools.
By Susan Scutti | Thu, 08/28/2014 - 11:08
The National Institute on Drug Abuse needs the help of citizen-pot growers following DEA's decision to amplify its research stock from 46 pounds to 1,433 pounds.
By Anthony Rivas | Wed, 08/27/2014 - 14:31
Whoopi Goldberg, who lives in New York and suffers from glaucoma, recently hailed Gov. Cuomo's decision to allow medical marijuana in New York. However, she says it doesn't go far enough.
By Samantha Olson | Tue, 08/26/2014 - 16:30
Veterans will receive lower interest rates on mortgages and more access to mental health care through President Obama's new plan.
By Samantha Olson | Tue, 08/26/2014 - 11:15
The UN announced regulation proposals for electronic cigarettes and strategies to get them out of the hands of teens.
By Samantha Olson | Mon, 08/25/2014 - 14:24
Florida oranges are under attack from an Asian bug that carries with it a deadly crop-killing virus.
By Susan Scutti | Fri, 08/22/2014 - 15:14
A new compromise from the White House lengthens the distance between religious nonprofits and the birth control products they find objectionable.
By Susan Scutti | Thu, 08/21/2014 - 10:23
The teen birth rate declined by a substantial 10 percent in 2013 to just 26.6 births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 19.
By Samantha Olson | Wed, 08/20/2014 - 15:43
The House Administration has been warned not to upload ALS Ice Bucket Challenge videos on their accounts.
By Dana Dovey | Tue, 08/19/2014 - 15:42
Iowa State Rep. Henry Rayhons has been charged with having sexual contact with his wife after doctors deemed her too incompetent to give consent.
By Susan Scutti | Tue, 08/19/2014 - 00:00
Nurses motivated to help people are more likely to burn out on the job than those in it for the money and the lifestyle.
By Susan Scutti | Mon, 08/18/2014 - 13:49
A couple is suing their obstetrician for inaccurately reporting prenatal test results that showed their child had a rare genetic syndrome.
By Ben Wolford | Mon, 08/18/2014 - 08:41
Most of the autistic participants in a recent study reported being sexually victimized. They also reported getting their sex knowledge from television.
By Lecia Bushak | Sat, 08/16/2014 - 16:15
Hospital prices vary across the country, but the gaps are often so big that it's somewhat of a mystery how hospitals are billing their procedures.
By Susan Scutti | Thu, 08/14/2014 - 17:01
People living in states with stronger alcohol policies have a lower likelihood of doing any binge drinking, frequent binge drinking, or high-intensity binge drinking.


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The present invention involves a treatment technique for drastically reducing the volume of hazardous sludge generated by the chemical reduction of chromium contaminants and the precipitation of heavy metal contaminants from contaminated electroplating wastewater. The wastewater is first adjusted to a pH of from about 8 to 10 and then treated with sodium sulfide to provide sulfide ions to effect precipitation of heavy metal contaminants followed by treatment with ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride to provide ferrous ions to chemically reduce the hexavalent chromium to its trivalent state. This method produces approximately one-fourth the sludge generated by the previously known acidic reaction treatment using only ferrous sulfide.
1. A method for minimizing sludge when removing hexavalent chromium from wastewater, said method comprising the steps of:
a. determining the concentration of hexavalent chromium in said wastewater, and adjusting the pH of said wastewater to about 8 to 10 with sodium hydroxide;
b. adding about 90 percent, stoichiometrically based on said concentration, of a first reducing chemical as a soluble sulfide,
c. adding about 10 to 20 percent, stoichiometrically based on said concentration, of a second reducing chemical as a soluble ferrous ion;
d. reducing said hexavalent chromium to chromium (III);
e. precipitating said ferrous ion as a sulfide after said reducing of chromium;
f. oxidizing said soluble sulfide to sulfate and having said sulfate remain substantially in said wastewater;
g. adding clarifying and flocculating agents to said wastewater to produce a sludge containing said chromium (III); and
h. removing said sludge from said wastewater wherein the volume of said sludge is about 2 parts to one part chromium.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said ferrous ion is selected from the group consisting of ferrous sulfate and ferrous chloride.
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to a method for treating electroplating wastewater. In a more specific aspect, this invention concerns itself with a method involving the use of ferrous sulfate and sodium sulfide to effect the simultaneous reduction of hexavalent chromium contaminants and precipitation of heavy metal contaminants from electroplating wastewater.
In general, electroplating wastewaters bearing heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, nickel, and chromium, are relatively easy to treat in chemical precipitation systems. The effluent quality obtained is limited only by the solubility of the metal salts formed in the reaction. This is because these heavy metals all readily form hydroxides or sulfides, with the notable exception of chromium; which will not form a sulfide at standard temperature and pressure. Additionally, chromium generally requires an additional treatment step to reduce the ion from the hexavalent to the trivalent state. Many treatment chemicals can be used for this reduction. Among these are ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite, sulfur dioxide, and sodium sulfide. While all these chemicals work well from the standpoint of effluent quality, the quantity of sludge produced by the different processes can vary dramatically.
With the advent of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), producing clean water is no longer sufficient. Hauling and disposal charges for hazardous sludge are over $100/ton in many areas, hence the volume of sludge for disposal is nearly as important as the effluent quality. Some of the more exotic treatment chemicals, such a sodium borohydride, are extremely efficient from a sludge production standpoint (8 moles of electrons are available per mole of reactant), but they are quite expensive and have not been fully tested on mixed metal wastewaters. To address this problem, a concerted research effort was undertaken to investigate the sludge volumes produced by the more common reduction chemicals, and to provide a more efficient and economical treatment procedure. Even though wastewater treatment plants must treat mixed-metal wastes, chromium was singled out for this investigation because it alone requires both reduction and hydroxide precipitation.
Present treatment technology for chromium reduction is predicated on the fact that the rate of chromium reduction depends upon the pH of the waste solution. Taking the "standard" practice as ferrous reduction the reaction is:
3Fe2+ +HCrO4 --+7H+ →3Fe3+ +Cr3+ +fH2 O (1)
The rate of this reduction reaction was quantified as: ##EQU1## Since this rate equation is third order with respect to the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+ ]), it has been the basis for claims that chromium reduction is very slow at all but acidic pH levels. Each unit increase in pH (i.e., decrease in [H+]) would decrease the rate of the reaction by three orders of magnitude. For example, it has been calculated that reducing 100 milligram per liter (ppm) of hexavalent chromium at pH 3 would take over 1000 times longer than at pH 2 (90 minutes vs. 5 seconds).
Completely contrary to the rate question, as shown in equation (2) above, others have indicated that hexavalent chromium could be rapidly reduced at pH 8.0. Additional follow-up work in this technical area, however, has clarified this apparent dichotomy. The work illustrated by equation (2) was done with very large (and, hence, assumed constant) concentrations of ferric ion (Fe3+) at a very acidic pH. Under these acidic conditions, this assumed constant ferric concentration was valid. However, at near neutral or at alkaline pH levels, the solubility of the ferric ion depends upon the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) as follows:
Fe3+ +OH- →Fe(OH)3 ( 3)
Using the solubility product,
Ksp =[Fe3+ ][OH- ], (4)
and the disassociation constant for water,
Kw =[H+ ][OH- ], (5)
and combining and substituting them into equation (2), the result is an expression independent of pH. ##EQU2##
This research work has opened the full pH range for chromium reduction reactions. In light of this, the pH conditions for effecting a chemical reduction was investigated with respect to sludge production in the research effort which culminated with the present invention.
The present invention concerns itself with a process for treating electroplating wastewater contaminated with undesirable heavy metal contaminants. The invention is carried into effect by treating the contaminated wastewater with a combination of chemical treating agents which include the steps of adding ferrous ions and sulfide ions to bring about the simultaneous reduction of hexavalent chromium contaminants and the precipitation of heavy metal contaminants, such as copper, cadmium and nickel, in the form of a sludge in considerably lesser volume than achieved heretofore.
The overall efficiency of the present method of treating heavy metal contaminated wastewater reduces the volume of hazardous sludge produced during the treatment procedure by 30 to 70 percent (depending on chromium concentration). In considering the amount of sludge produced each year by treatment techniques, generally about 20,000 tons per year, the volume reduction achieved by the one step reduction and precipitation method of this invention can save millions of dollars in disposal costs.
To be more specific, the unexpected results of this invention are achieved by first determining the hexavalent chromium content of the wastewater and then adjusting and increasing the hydroxyl ion concentration of the wastewater to a pH ranging from about 8 to 10. Following the pH adjustment, sulfide ions, in the form of sodium sulfide, are added to the wastewater in milliequivalent amounts of about 90 percent of the milliequivalent amount of hexavalent chromium present in the wastewater. After addition of the sodium sulfide, ferrous ions in the form of ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride are added in millequivalent amounts equal to about 10 percent of the milliequivalent amounts of hexavalent chromium present in the wastewater. If desired excess ferrous ion can be added up to about 20 percent of the milliequivalent amounts of hexagonal chromium. The wastewater can then be treated, if desired, with conventional clarifying and flocculating agents and the resultant sludge removed.
Accordingly, the primary object of this invention is to provide a novel method for treating heavy metal contaminated electroplating wastewater which can effect a significant and unexpected lowering in the amount of sludge formation produced during treatment.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for the chemical reduction of the hexavalent chromium contaminants to their trivalent state and the simultaneous precipitation of heavy metal contaminats during the treatment of contaminated electroplating wastewater.
The above and still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description thereof when viewed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing sludge production at an alkaline pH of 8;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing sludge production at an alkaline pH of 10;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing sludge production using ferrous chloride at an alkaline pH of 8;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration showing the one-step reduction/precipitation system of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing data plots which express the ratio of sludge produced to the amount of hexavalent chromium present in the contaminated wastewater;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating theoretical sludge production; and
FIG. 7 is a graph showing baseline sludge production from acidic (pH 1.5) ferrous chromium reduction.
Pursuant to the above-defined objects, the present invention concerns itself with the treatment of contaminated electroplating wastewater to minimize the volume of sludge which is produced during such treatment procedures. These objects are accomplished by adjusting the pH of the wastewater to about 8 to 10 followed by the addition of sulfide ions and ferrous ions in predetermined amounts depending on the concentration of hexavalent chromium ion contaminants found in the wastewater.
Although ferrous ions (Fe2+) has long been a standard chemical used for chromium reduction, the resulting sludge volume can be tremendous because of the following reactions:
3Fe2+ +Cr6+ →3Fe3+ +Cr3+ (7)
3Fe3+ +Cr3+ +12OH- →3Fe(OH)3 +Cr(OH)3 (8)
For each mole of chromium reduced and precipitated, 3 moles of ion are oxidized and precipitated. Theoretically, the volume of the solids produced is:
______________________________________1 mole of Chromium = 52 g3 moles of Hydroxide = 51 g 103 g3 moles of Iron = 165 g9 moles of Hydroxide = 153 g 318 g______________________________________
Thus, even without considering water of hydration, the sludge resulting from the formation of unwanted ferric hydroxide is over three times greater than that from the chromium hydroxide.
An alternative chemical, sulfide, has been used with varying degrees of success to avoid this ferric hydroxide sludge factor. However, a problem arises since chromium does not readily form a sulfide and sulfides themselves (valence -2) are weak acids.
Hence, in the acidic range (pH 4), sulfides exist as hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a noxious and toxic gas. In spite of this, methods for acidic sulfide reduction have been developed. Two such methods, the Insoluble and Soluble Sulfide Processes (ISP and SSP), can be written as:
3S2- +2Cr6+ →3S�(s)+2Cr3+ (9)
3S�(s)+2Cr3+ +6OH- →3S�(s)+2Cr(OH)3 (10)
The theoretical sludge produced by this sulfide reaction is:
______________________________________2 moles Chromium = 104 g6 moles hydroxide = 102 g 206 g3 moles sulfur = 96 g______________________________________
The sulfides contribute less than one half of the sludge as that from the chromium hydroxide.
Alkaline reduction of chromium would shift the sulfide specie distribution to S2-. This would reap benefit of less sludge, and still control the hydrogen sulfide gas. To investigate this possibility, the research effort which culminated in the present invention, included treating a solution of 50 ppm hexavalent chromium in distilled water with varying dosages of ferrous and sulfide. In addition, the pH was varied to investigate its effect on both the quality of the precipitated floc and resulting sludge volume.
Reducing the iron dosage to an absolute minimum, because of sludge production, may at first seem the logical goal; however, ferric ion (Fe3+) has long been used as a flocculation agent. Because of this, both iron and sulfide were used in varying proportions. So that sludge production could be compared regardless of the initial concentration of hexavalent chromium, the data was expressed as a ratio of ppm sludge produced (on a dry weight basis) to the initial ppm of hexavalent chromium in solution. For example, if a 60 ppm solution of chromium, after reduction and precipitation, produced 300 ppm of sludge, the ordinate for that data point would be 300/60 or 5.0 (a dimensionless number). This ordinate means that for every one part chromium treated, five parts of sludge were produced. The percent of the reducing chemical dosage that was ferrous ion (vs. the percent sulfide) would be plotted on the abscissa. These percentages were based on three milliequivalents of reducing agent per millimole of hexavalent chromium (i.e., Cr6+ +3e- →Cr3+). For example, if in the reaction mentioned above, the 3.47 meq/l of hexavalent chromium had been reduced with 1.73 meq of ferrous and 1.73 meq of sulfide, the abscissa for the data point would be 50 percent and would be plotted as shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings.
The first step was to calculate the expected sludge production. Although hydration water would be carried into the sludge, for simplicity, only precipitation of ferric hydroxide was considered. The reaction is: ##STR1## Secondly, sulfide was assumed to precipitate as solid sulfur as follows:
S2- →S�+2e- (12)
The sludge production under these conditions is shown in FIG. 6 of the drawing.
A stock solution of 500 ppm hexavalent chromium was prepared using oven dried chromic acid and distilled water. This stock was then diluted nine-to-one for each experimental run. The reducing chemicals were reagent grade, solid sodium sulfide and ferrous sulfate. They were mixed with distilled water to a concentration of 0.1 meq/l and prepared daily as needed.
The experimental runs were done using 500 mls of the diluted stock solution in 1 liter beakers. A standard paddle device was used for stirring. To simulate turbulent flow in a pipe, the paddle device was set at 100 RPM for pH adjustment and reducing agent addition. Initial pH levels of 1.5, 3.5, 8.0, and 10.0 pH units were achieved using sodium hydroxide (i.e., caustic). After the reduction, any additional pH adjustment was also done using caustic. All precipitations were done at or above pH 8.0.
Once the pH was set, the reducing chemicals were added with an adjustable pipet. First the sulfide was added at a full percent dosage. Then the ferrous was added in one-half ml doses until the yellow hexavalent chromium color changed to the blue characteristic of trivalent chromium. The solution was then checked using the standard diphenylcarbazide (DPC) reaction per standard methods with ferrous being added until no DPC reaction was observed.
As soon as the reduction was complete (typically 2-4 minutes), the paddles were slowed to 20 RPM for 30 minutes total mixing and reaction time. The paddles were then shut off and the floc allowed to settle. The solution was generally clear in 1 to 2 minutes when 10 ml aliquots of the solution were taken for metals analysis. All metals were checked using flame atomic absorptions. Once the metal samples were drawn, the paddles were again started at 100+ RPM to mix the floc. Then 25 ml samples of the solution/solids were pipeted for solids analysis.
The solids analyses were done per standard methods for dry weights solids. All "volumes" or "volumes of sludge" reported herein refer to the dry weight solids. In addition, all experimental runs were done in duplicate.
As a baseline, the "standard" reaction was assumed to be acidic reduction (pH 1.5) with ferrous sulfate followed by hydroxide precipitation at pH 8.0. Although lime is frequently used for pH adjustment and sludge conditioning, caustic was selected for these experiments because lime's very low solubility rate causes undissolved lime to be carried into the sludge. Additionally, if caustic sludges would both settle well and could be effectively dewatered, caustic precipitation would also provide a significant sludge volume reduction as compared to lime precipitation. The results of these baseline runs are shown in FIG. 7. This data was linearized using at least squares method.
FIG. 7 shows that the sludge produced from a 100-percent ferrous, acidic reaction (pH 1.5) is only slightly greater than theoretical (8.1 vs 7.8 mg sludge/mg Cr6+). However, this volume is tremendous when compared to the fraction of the total sludge that is chromium hydroxide. At 100 percent ferrous, each part of chromium removed from the wastewater yielded over 8 parts of hydroxide waste for disposal. To better realize what this means, assume the disposal charge for sludge is $100 per ton. At 8 parts sludge per 1 part chromium hydroxide, the actual cost for chromium disposal is not $100, but 8 times that amount.
To avoid such an excessive quantity of sludge, and the related disposal costs, the logical step would be to eliminate the iron (and hence the ferric hydroxide) from the treatment process. However, using only sulfide for chromium reduction at acidic pH produces H2 S gas and is not practical without special safety precautions.
However, sludge production using limited ferrous dosages of 10-20 percent milliequivalents of the milliequivalent amount of hexavalent chromium was 60 to 70 percent less than from the pure ferrous reduction. To control sulfide odor problems from the H2 S, additional reductions were done at pH levels of 8 and 10 concentrating on this 10-20% ferrous range. The results are shown, respectively in FIGS. 1 and 2.
In the 10-20 percent ferrous range, these alkaline reactions produced 2.8 to 3.8 mg sludge per mg Cr6+ treated.
Although the data from both alkaline runs closely match the theoretical prediction it has been well documented that the sulfate ions, from the ferrous sulfate, may be carried with the hydration water into a metal salt, adding to sludge column. Also, even though the theoretical curve shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is for a nonhydrated sludge, it is unreasonable to assume all hydration water was removed during sludge drying. The sulfates, although very soluble in H2 O, could be bound within the gel in species such as Fe(OH2)5 (SO4)+ or Fe(OH2)5 (SO4.H2 O)+. To establish whether or not this sulfate-complexing had occurred, ferrous chloride was substituted for ferrous sulfate and the alkaline (pH 8) reductions repeated. The anions from either ferrous compound, sulfates or chlorides, should stay in solution while the ferrous ions are oxidized and precipitated. Hence, difference in sludge production would, therefore, be the result of sulfate complexing. The results of this test are shown in FIG. 3. The contention that the sulfates complex with the ferrous ions in a gel type matrix is supported by the results. The ferrous chloride reduction generated 25 percent less sludge than the ferrous sulfate.
To understand this 25 percent sludge volume reduction from the ferrous chloride reaction, the assumptions made in deriving the theoretical sludge production curve and the reaction equations must be checked.
The theoretical sludge production curve was based on the following reactions:
3Fe2+ +Cr6+ →3Fe3+ +Cr3+ (13)
3S2- +2Cr6+ →3S�+2Cr3+ (14)
combining Equations (13) and (14) yields the overall reaction:
3Fe2+ 3S2- +3Cr6+ →3Fe3+ +3S�+3Cr3+( 15)
which can be simplified to:
Fe2+ +S2- +Cr6+ →Fe3+ +S�+Cr3+(16)
As this testing was done at pH 8, HS- was the predominate sulfide state which minimized loss as H2 S. During the experimental runs it was observed that if the ferrous was added after the sulfide was in solution, sulfur odors were reduced even in the acidic pH ranges. This indicated that some form of complexing phenomena had occurred.
It has been suggested that the ferrous ion, under certain circumstances, appeared to be a catalyst rather than a reactant in similar reactions. The key to whether or not catalytic reactions occur is the reduction mechanics.
First, when ferrous and sulfide ions are mixed, the following side reaction immediately occurs:
Fe2+ +S2- →FeS (17)
The Ksp for this reaction is very low, 5�10-18 moles/liter; however, it does indicate that a small portion of the ions will be in solution instead of as molecular ferrous sulfide. On the other hand, due to the large concentration of sulfide in the reactions in the 10-20 percent ferrous dosage range (hereinafter referred to as the "10-percent Reaction") this is not the case. The imposed ionic imbalance forces the equilibrium in Equation (17) far to the right and limits the free ferrous ion concentration. This factor is what makes the 10-percent Reaction unique from other sulfide reactions. For example, in the ISP, the equilibrium of FeS→Fe2+ +S2- is the driveing force of the reaction as the reduction capacity lies with the ferrous ion. The 10-Percent Reaction is just the opposite. The fraction of ionic ferrous to molecular ferrous sulfide is 1.3�10-9. Hence, it is the FeS molecule that must derive the 10-Percent Reaction.
Looking more closely at the ferrous sulfide molecule, it has a basically positive side from the ferrous, and a predominantly negative side from the six unshared electrons on the sulfide. In an aqueous, alkaline solution, the ferrous would be surrounded by either hydroxides or waters of hydration due to this positive charge. Conversely, on the sulfide side of the molecule, there would be a strong attraction to any positive ions in solution. The only reactive positive ion in the 10-Percent Reaction is hexavalent chromium. With the high charge density of this cation (5.5 charge units per angstrom) and the high valence, it is reasonable to presume that there will be a large attraction to both the free sulfide ions and the sulfide side of the ferrous sulfide molecule.
The reducing potential of sulfide has long been recognized with the reaction equations generally written similar to the following for the ISP: ##STR2## and similarly for the soluble sulfide process (SSP): ##STR3##
In other research efforts, elemental sulfur was identified (via melting point testing) as a residue in the sludge after acid digestion. However, when the sludge from the 10-Percent Reaction of this invention was similarly digested, no sulfur was present. The explanation for this is based on the relatively low levels of free ferrous ions in the 10-Percent Reaction vs in the conventional ISP. An investigation of the reaction activity as pE for the SO4 2- --S�--HS- system clarifies this difference.
First, consider only the free sulfide ions in solution. By disregarding the ferrous sulfide, the possible reaction is basically a straight sulfide reduction of chromium similar to Equation (19). While some reduction would occur, without some catalyst the rate is very slow. Since chromium sulfide cannot be formed in aqueous solution due to hydrolysis, the free sulfide ions become relatively inactive.
To understand the role that the ferrous sulfide plays, first an investigation of the possible byproducts of the 10-Percent Reaction must be done. It should be safe to assume that elemental sulfur is present, based on published literature. This yields two governing equations for the SO4 2- --S�HS- system.
SO4 2- 8H+ +6e-→S(s)+4H2 O log K=36.2 (20)
HS- →S(s)+H+ +2e- log K=2.2 (21)
By assuming that elemental sulfur is present, the activity of solid sulfur can be taken as unity (i.e., log [S�]=0). With this information, it is possible to derive new equations from (20) and (21), describing the dependence of sulfide to sulfur and sulfate to sulfur as functions of pE. ##EQU3##
Equations (22) and (23) indicate that elemental sulfur can exist thermodynamically only in a narrow pE range. Outside this very narrow pE range, the activity of either of the other species (SO4 2- or HS-) is greater than that for sulfur. Whether this solid sulfur condition exists in the 10-Percent Reaction can now be checked.
The 10-Percent Reaction treated 50 ppm hexavalent chromium (i.e., 2.60 meq/l), and required 2.34 meq/l of sulfide. Taking sulfide as 2 meq/millimole as previously assumed, allows the sulfide dosage to be computed in moles per liter. ##EQU4##
In addition, working through the redox potential for the overall reaction further substantiates why no sulfur was found in the sludge from the 10-Percent Reaction. Since the equations (22) and (23) include sulfate, sulfate will be taken as the end product in the reaction. Also, under the assumption that the ferrous ion is only a catalyst, no reduction potential will be computed for iron (potential voltages expressed as reduction potentials).
S2- +H2 O→SO4 2 +8H+ +8e- -0.14 V (24)
and for the chromium half reaction:
Cr6+ +3e- →Cr3+ +1.10 to -0.12 V (25)
(This half reaction is expressed as a range as it is favorable at pH 0.5 and unfavorable at pH 13.5--the two end points of the range). Combining Equations (24) and (25), balancing for the number of electrons, and combining the protons with the hydroxides that would be in an alkaline solution yields
8Cr6+ +3S2- +48OH- →8Cr(OH)3 (s)+3SO4 +12H2 O. (26)
Since the potential of the sulfide half reaction is -0.14 V, a potential from the chromium half reaction greater than +0.14 volts will favor the overall reaction.
In addition to the redox potentials, the reaction is concentration dependent as predicted by the Nernst Equation. ##EQU5## Water and precipitates can be eliminated from Equation (26) before computing the overall E. Further, since sulfates are present in chromium wastes, an initial sulfate concentration of 10-6 moles/l was used. ##EQU6## Combining this reaction with the results of the redox potentials Equations (24) and (25) yields
Given the range of the ECr 6+ half reactions, the overall E for the system is from +0.19 to -1.03 V. However, unless the E is greater than zero, the reaction will not occur. Hence, the range of E becomes +0.19 V to 0.00 V. The relationship of pE to E is: ##EQU7## which allows the range of possible pEs to be computed (at 25� C.): ##EQU8## Again checking this pE range shows the 10-Percent Reaction to be well out of the solid sulfur region. Hence, the assumption that solid sulfur was present was incorrect.
Given these new considerations, a new reaction equation for the 10-Percent Reaction can now be derived. Assuming that the ferrous and sulfide to ferrous sulfide reaction is immediate and complete yields:
FeS+2Cr6+ +8OH- →Fe2+ +2Cr3+ +SO4+ 2- 4H2 O+2e- (32)
The ferrous ion would immediately form more ferrous sulfide and the reaction would continue. The key is the electron exchanges that occur between the ferrous sulfide and the chromium. The mechanism is as follows:
FeS+Cr6+ →FeS3+ +Cr3+, (33)
FeS3 +Cr6+ →FeS6+ +Cr3+, (34)
FeS6+ →Fe2+ +S4+ (35)
Once the S4+ is formed in equation (35), the mechanism bringing it to sulfate in an alkaline solution is straightforward; but, equations (33) and (34) deserve more attention.
Two criteria in equations (33)-(35) must be satisfied: charge/specie balance and atomic valance. The charge and specie balance is satisfied; however, the FeS3+ and FeS6+ require more explanation. Sulfur is stable in the following valence states: -2, 0, 2+, and 4+. Likewise, iron is most stable in 2+, 3+, 4+, and 6+ valence states. The single atoms that exist as cations are obviously stable and need not be considered further. The iron/sulfur molecules can also be shown as being stable as follows (brackets indicate a molecule):
FeS3+ =[(Fe3+ +e-)+S1+ ]3+, (36)
→[Fe3+ +S�]3+ (37)
This electron transfer in Equation (37) is not a true reduction of ferrous to ferric iron. Rather, it is an electron sharing or borrowing that occurs temporarily and satisfies the valence requirements of both atoms. Similarly the other iron/sulfur species can be analyzed:
FeS6+ =[Fe2+ +S4+ ]6+, (38)
→Fe2+ +S3+ (39)
Due to the transfer of three of the unshared electrons from the sulfur to the chromium (Equation (33)), the sulfur is compelled to move to a stable valence state which formed the specie shown in Equation (37). Similarly, the second transfer of three electrons (Equation 34) again forces the sulfur to the nearest stable valence state. When this occurs (Equation 38), the pseudoreduction of the iron is reversed.
This mechanism also leads to a new theoretical sludge production curve. The upper bound of the sludge that can be produced can be represented as was shown in FIG. 6. The lower bound is set by this new mechanism of sulfide going to sulfate and the iron precipitating as ferrous vs. ferric hydroxide.
Under the new mechanism, the sludge from a "0-Percent" ferrous reduction would be contributed solely by the chromium hydroxide: ##EQU9## Similarly, sludge production (in ppm/ppm) for 10 percent and 20 percent iron doses is 2.24, 2.49, respectively.
This new mechanism yields an intuitive explanation as to why there was such a large difference in the sludge produced by the ferrous sulfate vs ferrous chloride. The sulfate ions from ferrous sulfate both reduce the redox potential predicted by the Nernst equation (by increasing the value of the numerator) and tend to force the equilibrium in the new overall reaction (Equation 32) away from completion.
The 300 percent increase in the reduction capability of sulfide with the 10-Percent Reaction procedure of the invention has an even greater impact on the sludge volume. A 75 percent reduction in sludge (from 8.1 mg/mg to 2.0 mg/mg) was measured in the 10-Percent Reaction compared to "standard" acidic treatment using only ferrous sulfate. In addition to the related reduced sludge disposal costs, further savings can be realized in this new method by the elimination of chemicals to reduce the influent pH to acidic levels for reduction, then raise the pH to alkaline levels for precipitation. At all pH levels investigated good results in both reaction rate and floc formation were observed. It is very possible that pH adjustment could be limited to only standby alkaline addition.
The only critical factor in the 10-Percent Reaction is the reduction of chromium to the trivalent state. Hence, control of a treatment system can be easily accomplished colorimetrically with a feedback system using the standard diphenolcarbazide (DPC) reaction. It has been shown that the color formation can be drive quickly by using sulfuric acid and an overdose of DPC. Because it is an alkaline reaction, once the chromium is reduced, all the heavy metals common to the plating waste streams will precipitate. Cadmium, which has a relatively high solubility at pH 8.0, would be precipitated as a sulfide.
Along with these advantages, that is a lower sludge production and a lessened requirement for acid and caustic, an additional advantage of the invention it provides a one-step reduction/precipitation system which is shown schematically shown in FIG. 4.
The simplicity of the one step treatment and the efficiency of the catalytic effect make the 10-Percent Reaction a superior alternative to standard treatment technologies.
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This area was developed with the intent of having a child/new climber friendly area. There are currently 14 routes, most of which are TR only, but there are a couple of harder lines that can be led.
Getting There
The approach takes about 2 minutes, seriously. Park at either the Green Slabs pullout or the next pullout up the mountain. There's a prominent road cutout between these two pullouts, with a guardrail on the west side of the road. At the north end of the guardrail, start hiking up the steep hillside and The Nursery is the very first crag collection you see.
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Product Details
DescriptionBrrrm, brrrm, zoom! Let's fly high in the sky then vroom along the road.
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|12+ Months
|Product Type
|Toy Vehicles
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|Little Tikes
Rated 4 out of 5 by 3 reviewers.
Rated 2 out of 5 by KiwiKentishGirl Not the best design We bought these along with the smaller versions for our 18 months old and I'd recommend the smaller ones over this larger pair. The helicopter is particularly disappointing as the natural place for a toddler to grip it and push is where the propeller is which prevents it rotating. The car is better designed for pushing around but isn't nearly as exciting in terms of moving parts 30 August 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Babycakesclare fantastic I bought this for my sons 1st birthday and he absolutely loved them he has loads of fun pushing them round and especially as the helicopters blades spin when being pushed 28 May 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Louisevvbbb Great toy This toy is great value for money my son loves playing with them constantly 06 April 2014
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Working Women: Chanel Turner creates Fou-Dre Vodka
The first and only African-American woman to own her own vodka line lives in the D.C. area. Chanel Turner invested all of her savings and created Fou-Dre Vodka.
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Feeders with peanut butter attract many birds
I was scanning the news headlines a week or so ago — politics, economy, politics, politics, economy — when my eye lit on a must-read-NOW topic.
"Peanut butter prices going up."
Uh oh.
During the winter, I go through at least one regular-sized jar every week.
If it snows or gets bitter cold, the weekly peanut butter consumption can jump to two, three, four jars. Probably 10, if my budget were unlimited.
No, I'm not eating it by the spoonful straight from the jar.
I'm feeding it to the birds.
Peanut butter is a huge draw at the feeder.
Chickadees love it. Titmice love it. Nuthatches love it. Carolina wrens and the occasional house wren that sticks around in winter love it. So does the shy brown creeper.
Oh, and let's not forget the woodpeckers — red-bellied, redheaded, downy, hairy, you name it, they all come for their share.
Mix the peanut butter into a crumbly dough with cornmeal, crushed cereal, pulverized dog kibble or whatever dry food you have on hand, and the list of eager eaters goes through the roof.
Bluebirds, robins, thrashers, orioles, towhees, juncos, sparrows: All fans, especially in cold weather when high-fat foods are vital.
Years ago, a warning went out that birds would choke to death on peanut butter.
A fellow had found a few dead birds near his feeder, and they all had peanut butter in their beaks.
It seemed to make sense — we've all had the experience of taking too big a bite and getting the goo stuck to the roof of our mouth.
Clearly cause and effect.
Or was it?
I wondered, since I'd been feeding peanut butter for years, and my birds seemed able to handle it just fine.
When I called ornithologists at Cornell University to talk about it back then, they told me the fatalities weren't due to suffocation from peanut butter, but from an avian disease that can spread fast when birds congregate in close quarters, as they do at feeders.
Still, the experts weren't willing to be quoted as saying that feeding peanut butter straight from the jar is safe.
I didn't buy the choking theory then, and I still don't.
Because birds aren't dumb.
They won't eat foods that can kill them.
Oh, sure, the more gluttonous types, like jays and starlings, will bite off more than they can chew, devouring it in big gulps that make you wonder whether you may need to apply the Heimlich maneuver.
I figure those guys know what they're doing. (Though I did wonder about the seagull who snatched a slice of leftover pizza I tossed to him and his friends — he swallowed it whole ... crust end first.)
Our other feeder birds are a lot daintier at dinner time.
Watch a chickadee at a smear of peanut butter, and you'll see that instead of going for the big grab, the bird takes just a few small pecks.
Is it worth taking what seems like a risk?
You can decide for yourself.
But whether you serve that peanut butter straight from the jar, or mix it with other stuff, it's time to stock your shelf.
Prices are going up.
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Toledo, Ohio Vacations - Travel guide to Toledo, Ohio accommodations and vacation packages. Visit Toledo, Ohio for getaways and adventure travel. Plan your Toledo, Ohio vacation today.
|Page:2 of 2
|Sort By:
Toledo, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - The Fairfield Inn by Marriott Toledo North is located near Cedar Point and offers a clean, comfortable room at an affordable price.
Toledo, Ohio Fishing Trips - Ohio Sports: Fishing Trips
Toledo, Ohio Fishing Trips - Ohio Sports: Fishing Trips
Grand Rapids, Ohio Bed & Breakfasts - Whether for rest or romance - step back in time at the Housley House Bed and Breakfast w/English garden. Take stroll down the pathway or sit on the swing as you listen to the rapids. Handicapped acceptable, private baths for all, whole B&B rental.
Sandusky, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - Great Wolf Lodge Sandusky Oh features a 42,000-square-foot indoor entertainment area. In addition to an indoor pool and an arcade with ticket redemption
Perrysburg, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - Brand New, Beautifully Appointed, All Suites, Each has Lrg.Jacuzzi,Fireplace, King Bed, attached Garage and Catered Breakfast to your Suite. Convieniently
Beavercreek, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - Located in one of the 100 best places to live according to Money Magazine, the Hilton Garden Inn Dayton Beavercreek is in the heart of Greene County, minutes
Sandusky, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - The Quality Inn features the new Rain Indoor Water Park, featuring a 50-foot water slide tower with two giant slides, additional water activities, and
Sandusky, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - The Fairfield Inn and Suites-Sandusky is just 4 miles from Cedar Point, voted Best Amusement Park for 8 consecutive years. Conveniently located just 1/4
Newark, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - Cherry Valley Lodge and Water Resort-located 35 miles east of Columbus-Ohio-on the Granville-Newark border. The Lodge provides an atmosphere geared towards
Columbus, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - Nearby, Otterbein College beckons with its beautiful campus and academic heritage dating back to 1847. The Anheuser Busch brewery is just six miles from
Akron, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - Hawthorn Suites by Wyndham Akron / Seville hotel near Cuyahoga Valley National Park is located off Interstates 71 and 76.
Middletown, Ohio Hotels & Resorts - The Drury Inn and Suites Middletown is just 45 minutes from downtown Cincinnati and 30 minutes from downtown Dayton.
|Page: < 1 2 >


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- POSTED: 12 Jun 2014 04:55
- UPDATED: 12 Jun 2014 05:15
The Dow on Wednesday snapped a four-day streak of record highs in a US equity retreat attributed in part to a shock Republican primary election and profit taking.
NEW YORK: The Dow on Wednesday snapped a four-day streak of record highs in a US equity retreat attributed in part to a shock Republican primary election and profit taking.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average retreated 102.04 points (0.60 per cent) to 16,843.88.
The broad-based S&P 500 fell 6.90 points (0.35 per cent) to 1,943.89, while the tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index dipped 6.06 points (0.14 per cent) to 4,331.93.
The losses came after the World Bank trimmed its 2014 global growth forecast to 2.8 per cent from its January forecast of 3.2 per cent.
Jack Ablin, chief investment officer at BMO Private Bank, said the World Bank report "sent a sorry signal to investors this morning."
Ablin also cited the unexpected defeat of House Republican Majority Leader Eric Cantor in a Virginia primary battle with Tea Party-backed insurgent David Brat.
Cantor "was one of the biggest friends of Wall Street and the election of somebody openly antagonistic to Wall Street" sparked worries, Ablin said.
Other analysts said the World Bank report and the Cantor loss were less significant factors in the stocks retreat than investor fatigue following the recent rally.
Cantor's defeat is "a convenient excuse to do some profit taking," said Briefing.com analyst Patrick O'Hare.
A profit warning from German airline Deutsche Lufthansa sent US airline shares lower, including American Airlines (-3.1 per cent), Delta Air Lines (-2.9 per cent) and United Continental Holdings (-5.2 per cent). Lufthansa said its bleaker outlook was due to disappointing passenger sales and the impact of strikes, among other factors.
Dow component Boeing fell 2.3 per cent following a downgrade by RBC Capital, which said there is little room for upside following three years of record orders. "Most of the good news for Boeing is already out there" and "this is reflected in the stock," the note said.
Ulta Salon, Cosmetics & Fragrance shot up 13.8 per cent following a strong quarter that included comparable-store sales growth of 8.7 per cent. The company opened 21 new stores during the quarter.
Tech company Synaptics bolted 29.0 per cent higher after bumping up its quarterly revenue guidance from $275-$295 million to $300-310 million. The company also announced the $475 million acquisition of Renesas SP Drivers, which makes components for smartphones and tablets.
Bond prices were unchanged. The yield on the 10-year US Treasury held steady at 2.64 per cent, the same level as Tuesday, while the 30-year was flat at 3.47 per cent. Bond prices and yields move inversely.
- AFP/ec


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UFC 173 sure looks a lot different than it did a few weeks ago. UFC middleweight champion Chris Weidman was forced off the card with a knee injury and his bout with Lyoto Machida was moved back to July, so the promotion was forced to scramble to fill the void. What they came up with was a bantamweight title fight and an exciting welterweight bout, along with a contender's bout at light heavyweight
With top contender Raphael Assuncao currently nursing a rib injury, champion Renan Barao will instead defend his title against Team Alpha Male's T.J. Dillashaw in the main event. The co-main is a light heavyweight bout between Daniel Cormier and Dan Henderson, while the middle of the main card will be anchored by a bout between Robbie Lawler and Jake Ellenberger. Francisco Rivera will step into Dillashaw's place in a bout against Takeya Mizugaki that is on the main card as well.
Here's a look at what is booked for the Mandalay Bay Events Center:
Renan Barao vs. T.J. Dillashaw
Daniel Cormier vs. Dan Henderson
Jake Ellenberger vs. Robbie Lawler
Takeya Mizugaki vs. Francisco Rivera
James Krause vs. Jamie Varner
Preliminary Card
Michael Chiesa vs. Francisco Trinaldo
Tony Ferguson vs. Katsunori Kikuno
Chico Camus vs. Chris Holdsworth
Mitch Clarke vs. Al Iaquinta
Fight Pass Card
Anthony Njokuani vs. Vinc Pichel
Aaron Phillips vs. Sam Sicilia
Jingliang Li vs. David Michaud


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Stoute explains how he helped his good friend Hov with work on the Nets...Read More
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In 1968, under pressure from the De Gaulle regime and encouraged by recent U.S. Supreme Court Decisions, the legendary French pornographer Maurice Girodias relocated his famed Olympia Press from Paris to New York. The first titles published under the new Ophelia imprint included J.P. Donleavy's The Ginger Man, Terry Southern and Mason Hoffenberg's Candy, and Only Skin Deep, a hilarious satire on the genre by 24-year-old George Kimball.
"Only Skin Deep is a vicious and intolerable mockery of the whole filth industry."
"The only book I've ever read that had sticky pages."
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Tech Helproom
It's free to register, to post a question or to start / join a discussion
deleting headers and footers
Likes # 0
Posted June 9, 2011 at 4:57PM
Hi, I have a large document which I am trying to format correctly but it has placeholder text present in the headers space. I don't want headers or footers in my document but every time I go into edit header to try to delete it, it shows a symbol with a cross through it which won't allow me to delete. Does anybody know how to do this as I have tried so many times and it just won't budge. Thanks Caulkhead
Likes # 0
Posted June 9, 2011 at 5:24PM
Any help
Likes # 0
Posted June 9, 2011 at 5:24PM
Any help
Likes # 0
Posted June 9, 2011 at 5:43PM
Hi, tried going through it again with the help page you sent me, very useful,still can't get it to delete, press on the edit header but there is no delete button and when I try to delete it nothing happens. I think there must be something in the set-up which is stopping me from doing this as I have never had the proble before but just don't know what to look for, feeling very confused at the moment. Thanks for your reply. Caulkhead
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sUmmEr lOvIN' continued…
credit: pinterest
Tuesday, August 19, 2014
Tuesday, August 12, 2014
Hooked on summer...
Tuesday, August 5, 2014
Thursday, July 31, 2014
Summer Dreams
Tuesday, July 29, 2014
Super summer 2014!
Thursday, July 24, 2014
Tuesday, July 22, 2014
Summer love
Friday, July 18, 2014
sUmmEr lOvIN'
I know, I know…I've been an absentee friend. But, I've been busy working on my projects and having so much fun, can you blame me? I've missed posting for you so, here's what I've decided- I can take some time and post a summer-y inspirational photo or two every week for the rest of the summer. Let it be your moment of Zen and I will too.
Looking at these photos is so relaxing and inspirational they feel like a mini vaca for the mind. Hope you enjoy them. I thought I'd start with my fav front porch. My own Jersey Shore get-a-way! Home-sweet-home away from NYC…even if for only a few days.... See you soon!
Tuesday, May 6, 2014
The bottom line...
Love those lines!! Stripes work anytime of year and I'm ga-ga for 'em!!
Credits: JCrew, Pinterest, House Beautiful, JCrew, Kerry Cassill, Pinterest, Pencil Shavings, House of Ideas
Friday, April 18, 2014
Mad for MADZ -ART!
mADz-ARt !
It's always exciting to come across emerging young artists! Today I'm featuring some wildly inspirational pieces from the talented MADZ-ART on Tumblr! Check 'em out!
Credit via MADZ-ART AT: http://madz-art.tumblr.com
Monday, March 31, 2014
Grape juicy
A pop of purple of lavender is juicy and it really warms up a room! It gives it personality, don't you think?
Martha Stewart, Pinterest, Elle Décor
Monday, March 24, 2014
I've grown to love this refreshing color more and more. It's one of the few colors that can be cool and so warm at the same time.
Mashugana available on Etsy
My spare bedroom: Shades of teal: pillow, glass and door.
Credits: Country Living, Pinterest, Dareen Hakim, Elle Decor, Etsy
Monday, March 10, 2014
Gotta love the unexpected!
For someone like myself who would NOT enjoy a surprise party (for myself), I do love the unexpected. Like, last minute tickets for a concert (got tickets to see Kings of Leon at Madison Square Garden six hours before the show!) Or, friends and family telling me they're coming to town the very next day for a visit! And, a decorating surprise like a chair in a bathroom! Love it!
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ITV Meridian seeks a local hero
This year ITV Meridian is joining forces with the Daily Mirror to find the individual you think deserves to be crowned our Local Hero 2013.
This year ITV Meridian is joining forces with the Daily Mirror to find the individual you think deserves to be crowned our Local Hero 2013.
The Duchess of Cambridge will be visiting Naomi House Children's Hospice in Hampshire today.
A couple from Berkshire have sculpted two giant busts of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh - in their front garden.
As Prince George, third in line to the throne, celebrates his first birthday today, we take a look back at his first year.Read the full story
William and Kate thank the world for "generous good wishes" as new images mark a year since the birth of a future King.Read the full story
The youngest member of the royal family is celebrating his birthday by being recreated in lego pieces at Windsor.
Lego are hosting a birthday party with a difference for the youngest member of the royal family, Prince George.
Royal guests included Prince George himself – newly created to mark his birthday as a toddler made from 15 individual lego bricks – his parents, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, and both sets of grandparents – the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall, and Michael and Carole Middleton.
His great-grandparents were also there, Her Majesty the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, as well as his uncle Prince Harry and Aunt Pippa Middleton.
– Sue Kemp, Divisional Director of the LEGOLAND Windsor Resort
We have a lot of fun with our tiny LEGO Royals – we recently gave our Royal ladies a Royal Ascot makeover with bespoke hats designed exclusively for us by the Queen's Milliner, and our announcement of Prince George's birth last year was a real crowd pleaser. We hope people will be just as delighted with our special LEGOLAND birthday party."
The Royal Navy's new £3b aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth has been officially named. Crowds cheered as The Queen used a bottle of single malt whisky to christen in Scotland, the biggest ship ever built for the fleet.
But the atmosphere was much more muted in Portsmouth where workers who've helped to build her watched the ceremony on big screens. Many of them will lose their jobs by the end of the year when the BAE shipyard closes. Richard Jones reports.
The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh were accompanied by Prime Minister David Cameron and Defence Secretary Philip Hammond at the naming ceremony of Britain's largest ever ship.
Hundreds of workers, who helped build the HMS Queen Elizabeth, have joined military Chiefs and dignitaries at Roswyth Dockyard in Scotland to witness the Queen's christening of the warship.
The ceremony is underway as the Queen is set to formally name the Royal Navy's largest ship at Rosyth Dockyard in Scotland.
The Royal Navy has tweeted:
And the honour guard. #HMSQueenElizabeth http://t.co/bJabtGKfN5
The Royal Marines band are here. #HMSQueenElizabeth http://t.co/SnVa4jxes3
The ship's company of HMS Illustrious line up for the event. #HMSQueenElizabeth http://t.co/E5z9JSbpR0
The Queen has arrived at Rosyth Dockyard in Scotland to formally name the largest ship ever built for the Royal Navy.
The ceremony marks the completion of the 65,000 tonne aircraft carrier after five years of construction work which took place at six different shipyards across the UK.
To honour the warship's birthplace in Scotland Her Majesty will smash a bottle of Islay whisky, from the first distillery she visited, against the bow.
Staff from BAE in Portsmouth who helped to make parts of HMS Queen Elizabeth have been watching the naming ceremony on a big screen in the city.
The £3 billion aircraft carrier is the biggest ever Royal Navy carrier to be built.
It was put together in Scotland but large parts of it were built at BAE Shipyard in Portsmouth.
She'll arrive in the Hampshire city, which will be her home port, in two years time.
The Queen will formally name the Royal Navy's biggest ever ship today, with whisky replacing the more traditional champagne at the ceremony.Read the full story


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Photos: Industry heads address TelecomNext
Summary: CEOs speaking at the telecom trade show in Las Vegas declare the consumer king as their companies vie for market share.
7 of 13Image
Cingular CEO
Cingular Wireless CEO Stan Sigman said Tuesday that his company is focused on improving its network and its customer service, as well as opening new sales channels.
FCC chairman and USTelecom CEO
Walter McCormick, CEO of USTelecom (left), and Kevin Martin, the FCC chairman, discuss Tuesday whether regulation should allow network operators to recoup the money they've spent to build their networks.
Embarq CEO
Dan Hesse, CEO of Embarq, the new local phone company that will be created when Sprint Nextel spins off its wireline business later this year, tells attendees at the TelecomNext trade show on Tuesday that current regulations do little to encourage telecoms to invest in rural regions. He also encouraged local phone companies to work together to develop new standards for the industry.
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17 Simple Sewing Projects for Men: Father's Day Gifts
Simple sewing projects for men arent always easy to come by but weve gathered a bunch for you in this collection. They make great gifts for fathers day but can also serve as sewn gift ideas for any time of year!
Men's Fleece Hoodie
Making a men's fleece hoodie is actually easier than it sounds, especially when you're armed with this free sewing pattern for men. Make one for your man in his favorite color and he'll love you forever (or at least he'll love the hoodie forever).
Men's Wallet
If you are looking for something to give dad for Father's Day, check out the Men's Wallet project. Sewing for men is tricky but every man carries a wallet so you know this craft will be useful. Take a few of his favorite shirts and refashion them into a wallet. This cheap sewing pattern will show you exactly how to make a wallet that your man or dad will actually use. Plus, you can make it in under an hour.
Boxer Shorts
These Boxer Shorts are super comfortable and are a great gift for Dad. They also make great pajama pants for women. Learn how to make boxers with this easy sewing pattern.
DIY Wallet
Is your old wallet falling apart at the seams? Check out this DIY Wallet sewing pattern! It 's a great gift for dad or graduation present. Learn how to make a wallet that will stand the test of time in this tutorial.
Super Speedy Suspenders
You can add a little pizazz to your man's outfit in a snap. These Super Speedy Suspenders can be made in less than ten minutes. This is a great sewing project for beginners who are looking to make crafts for men. DIY suspenders are simple to produce and take very few materials. There's no need to buy retail merchandise when you can make your own for less money. Follow the sewing tutorial to learn how to make suspenders that you and your husband will love. You might even want to try this craft in a few different colors.
Summertime Fabric Wallet
Men need something strong to carry around their cash and cards. Surprise your husband with a Summertime Fabric Wallet that you sewed all by yourself. Retail items from the store can come at a high price. You can save some money by making DIY gifts for men like this fabric wallet. The sewing tutorial will show you how to make a fabric wallet that your husband will love to show off. Choose your husband's favorite colors to sew him a gift he won't be able to wait to use.
Manly Coffee Cozy
Make your man a manly coffee cozy with felt tire tracks on it. He'll feel manly even while holding a vanilla latte when you try this sewing tutorial.
Woodsman DIY Hat Pattern
Make a DIY project for your man that he will absolutely adore with this Woodsman DIY Hat Pattern. This extra warm hat made from shearling is the perfect homemade Christmas gift for a man who spends a lot of time in the cold. Whether your hubby loves to just walk in the snow, is an avid skier, or likes to ice fish, this DIY winter hat for men is going to be his go-to cap.
Vintage Gun Sleeve
Give your favorite hunter a gift he will love to show his buddies. You can make him a Vintage Gun Sleeve by following this easy sewing tutorial. Fabric sleeves for guns don't have to be boring. Ditch the store-bought goods and try making a rifle sleeve that is personalized and customized. The canvas gives the sleeve a vintage look that will draw a ton of attention. This budget-friendly project is easy to put together. If you're looking for a simple sewing project you can give as a gift, this is a great place to start.
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Scienion has been appointed nonexclusive worldwide distributor for the complete line of Maine Manufacturing's nitrocellulose-coated Fast® protein array products. The line also includes the Fast Quanto micro ELISA arrays with specific cytokine antibody panels, and the Serum Biomarker Chip, a rante of multiplexed immunoassays for measuring key cellular growth proteins, together wtih accessories and comsumables.
Scienion offers systems and services for the contact-free printing of biological and chemical agents for diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, and other applications, including microarray-based analytics. The firm says Maine's Fast slide portfolio will ideally complement its existing hardware business.
"Scienion, with its cutting-edge non-contact printing technology, is a well-recognized solution provider of lab automation and miniaturization in life sciences," notes Bill Emhiser, Maine's president. Maine Manufacturing provides expertise in membranes and surface chemistries. "Our collaboration provides our customers a complete solution for protein analysis."
Maine Manufacturing provides expertise in membranes and surface chemistries.
Contract manufacturer Maine is focused on focus on specialty plastic, filtration, membrane and fluid technologies for a range of life science applications, and offers research and development, prototyping, low- to high-volume production, and assembly services.
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