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Category Archives: Psychiatry
Pop psychology: A peek inside the mind of Iggy Pop
I have just come back from a two-week holiday in Portugal and managed to catch up with reading a lot of non-academic books. Two of the books I took with me were Paul Trynka's biography of Iggy Pop (Open Up and Bleed [2007]) and Brett Callwood's biography of The Stooges, the band in which Iggy Pop first made his name (The Stooges: A Journey Through the Michigan Underworld [2008]). Just before I left to go on holiday I also read Dave Thompson's book Your Pretty Face is Going to Hell: The Dangerous Glitter of David Bowie, Iggy Pop, and Lou Reed (2009). This engrossing reading has been accompanied by me listening to The Stooges almost non-stop for the last month – not just their five studio albums (The Stooges [1969], Fun House [1979], Raw Power [1973], The Weirdness [2007], and Ready To Die [2013]) but loads of official and non-official bootlegs from the 1970-1974 period. In short, it's my latest music obsession.
Although I say it myself, I have been a bit of an Iggy Pop aficionado for many years. It was through my musical appreciation of both David Bowie and Lou Reed that I found myself enthralled by the music of Iggy Pop. Back in my early 20s, I bought three Iggy Pop albums purely because they were produced by David Bowie (The Idiot [1977], Lust For Life [1977], and Blah Blah Blah [1986]). Thankfully, the albums were great and over time I acquired every studio LP that Iggy has released as a solo artist (and a lot more aside – I hate to think how much money I have spent on the three artists and their respective bands over the years). Unusually, I didn't get into The Stooges until around 2007 after reading an in-depth article about them in Mojo magazine. Since then I've added them to my list of musical obsessions where I have to own every last note they have ever recorded (official and unofficial). When it comes to music I am all-or-nothing. Maybe I'm not that far removed from my musical heroes in that sense. I'm sure my partner would disagree. She says I'm no different to a trainspotter who ticks off lists of numbers.
One thing that connects Pop, Reed and Bowie (in addition to the fact they are all talented egotistical songwriters and performers who got to know each other well in the early 1970s) is their addictions to various drugs (heroin in the case of Pop and Reed, and cocaine in the case of Bowie – although they've all had other addictions such as Iggy's dependence on Quaaludes). This is perhaps not altogether unexpected. As I noted in one of my previous blogs on whether celebrities are more prone to addiction than the general public, I wrote:
"Firstly, when I think about celebrities that have 'gone off the rails' and admitted to having addiction problems (Charlie Sheen, Robert Downey Jr, Alec Baldwin) and those that have died from their addiction (Whitney Houston, Jim Morrison, Amy Winehouse) I would argue that these types of high profile celebrity have the financial means to afford a drug habit like cocaine or heroin. For many in the entertainment business such as being the lead singer in a famous rock band, taking drugs may also be viewed as one of the defining behaviours of the stereotypical 'rock 'n' roll' lifestyle. In short, it's almost expected".
Nowhere is this more exemplified than by Iggy Pop. Not only would Iggy take almost every known drug to excess, it seemed to carry over into every part of his lifestyle. For instance, reading about Iggy's sexual exploits, there appears to be a lot of evidence that he may have also been addicted to sex (although that's speculation on my part with the only evidence I have is all the alleged stories in the various biographies of him). Another thing that amazes me about Iggy Pop was that he decided to give up taking drugs in the autumn of 1983 and pretty much stuck to it (again mirroring Lou Reed who also decided to clean up his act and go cold turkey on willpower alone). Spontaneous remission after very heavy drug addictions is rare but Iggy appears to have done it. Maybe Iggy gave up his negative addictions for a more positive addiction – in his case playing live. David Bowie went as far as to say that playing live was an "obsessive" for Iggy. As noted in Paul Trynka's biography:
"[His touring] was simultaneously impressive and inexplicable. David Bowie used the word' obsessive' about Iggy's compulsion to tour – but there was an internal logic. Jim knew he'd made his best music in the first ten years of his career, and he also believed he'd blown it…but he knew his own excesses or simple lack of psychic stamina were a key reason why the Stooges crashed and burned. Now he had to still prove his stamina, to make up for those weaknesses of three decades ago".
Iggy Pop is (of course) a stage name. Iggy was born James Newell Osterberg (April 21, 1947). The 'Iggy' moniker came from one of the early bands he drummed in (The Iguanas). I mention this because another facet of Iggy Pop's life that I find psychologically interesting is the many references to 'Iggy Pop' being a character created by Jim Osterberg (in much the same way that Bowie created the persona 'Ziggy Stardust' – ironically a character that many say is at least partly modeled on Iggy Pop!). Many people that have got to know Jim Osterberg describe him as intelligent, witty, talkative, well read, and excellent social company. Many people that have been in the company of Iggy Pop describe him as sex-crazed, hedonistic, outrageous, a party animal, and a junkie (at least from the late 1960s to the early to mid-1990s). It's almost as if a real living character was created in which Jim Osterberg could live out an alternative life that he could never do as the person he had become growing up. Iggy Pop became a persona that Jim Osterberg could escape into. When things went horribly wrong (and they often did), it was Iggy's doing not Osterberg's. It's almost as if Osterberg had a kind of multiple personality disorder (now called 'dissociative identity disorder' [DID]). One definition notes:
"[Dissociative identity disorder] is a mental disorder on the dissociative spectrum characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring identities or dissociated personality states that alternately control a person's behavior, and is accompanied by memory impairment for important information not explained by ordinary forgetfulness…Diagnosis is often difficult as there is considerable comorbidity with other mental disorders".
I don't for one minute believe 'Jim/Iggy' suffers from DID but a case could possibly made based on the definition above. Some of the things he did on stage in the name of 'entertainment' included gross acts of self-mutilation such as stubbing cigarettes out on his naked body, flagellating himself, cutting his chest open with knives and broken glass bottles. He was a sexual exhibitionist and appeared to love showing his penis to the watching audience. On one infamous occasion, he even dry-humped a large teddy bear live on a British children's television show. (Maybe Iggy is a secret plushophile? Check out the clip on here on YouTube).
In 1975, Iggy was admitted to the Los Angeles Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) and underwent treatment (including psychoanalysis) under the care of American psychiatrist Dr. Murray Zucker. After he had completely detoxed all the drugs in his body, Iggy was diagnosed with hypomania (a mental affliction also affecting another of my musical heroes, Adam Ant). This condition was described by Iggy's biographer Paul Trynka:
"Bipolar disorder [is] characterised by episodes of euphoric or overexcited and irrational behaviour, succeeded by depression. Hypomanics are often described as euphoric, charismatic, energetic, prone to grandiosity, hypersexual, and unrealistic in their ambitions – all of which sounded like a checklist of Iggy's character traits".
Dr. Zucker later told Paul Trynka that hypomania tends to get worse with age and it hadn't with Iggy and therefore the diagnosis of a bipolar disorder may have been wrong. Dr. Zucker now wonders whether "the talent, intensity, perceptiveness, and behavioural extremes" of Iggy were who he truly was "and not a disease…that Jim's behaviour was simply him enjoying the range of his brain, playing with it, exploring different personae, until it got to the point of not knowing what was up and what was down'. In short, Dr. Zucker (who maintained professional contact with Iggy during the 1980s) claimed Iggy was perhaps "someone who went to the brink of madness just to see what it was like". Dr. Zucker also claimed that Iggy (like many in the entertainment industry) was a narcissist ("excessive for the average individual" but "unsurprising in a singer…this unending emotional neediness for attention, that's never enough"). In fact, Iggy went on to write the song 'I Need More' (and was also the title of his autobiography) which pretty much sums him up many of his pychological motivations (at least when he was younger).
It's clear that Iggy has been drug-free and fit for many years now although many would say that all of his best musical work came about when he was jumping from one addiction to another – particularly during the decade from 1968 to 1978. This raises the question as to whether musicians and songwriters are more creative under the influences of psychoactive substances (but I will leave that for another blog – I've just begun some research on creativity and substance abuse with some of my Hungarian research colleagues). I'll leave the last word with Dr. Zucker (who unlike me) had Iggy as a patient:
"I always got the feeling [Iggy] enjoyed his brain so much he would play with it to the point of himself not knowing what was up and what was down. At times, he seemed to have complete control of turning this on and that on, playing with different personas, out-Bowie-ing David Bowie, as a display of the range of his brain. But then at other times you get the feeling he wasn't in control – he was just bouncing around with it. It wasn't just lack of discipline, it wasn't necessarily bipolar, it was God knows what".
Dr. Mark Griffiths, Professor of Gambling Studies, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Further reading
Ambrose, J. (2008). Gimme Danger: The Story of Iggy Pop. London: Omnibus Press.
Callwood, B. (2008). The Stooges: A Journey Through the Michigan Underworld. London: Independent Music Press.
Pop, I. & Wehrer, A, (1982). I Need More. New York: Karz-Cohl Publishing.
Thompson, D. (2009). Your Pretty Face is Going to Hell: The Dangerous Glitter of David Bowie, Iggy Pop, and Lou Reed. London: Backbeat Books.
Trynka, P. (2007). Open Up and Bleed. London: Sphere.
Wikipedia (2014). Iggy Pop. Located at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iggy_Pop
Deerly beloved: Animal tissue as a masturbatory aid
A couple of weeks ago I bought a secondhand copy of The Fortean Times Book of Weird Sex by Steve Moore (mainly because it cost me only one pence at an online book store). One of the stories (on pp.96-97) concerned a bizarre story of an autoerotic death involving an adolescent boy. I checked out the reference list at the back off the book to see where the story had originated and the source was listed as an Associated Press story from Knoxville (Maryland, USA). It didn't take me too long to track down the press release on the internet. The report said:
"A 16-year old boy in Knoxville was found dead in his bedroom in what police describe as a gruesome, horrifying death. Firefighters were called to the scene Monday morning by a neighbor who smelled something burning. When the firemen found the remains of the teenager they called the police in to investigate. At first investigators believed that they were dealing with a ritualistic murder. Posters of heavy metal rock and roll groups covered his bedroom walls, groups which are often connected with satanic worship and rituals. According to a firefighter who was on the scene, the boy was found nude, with the remains of a cow's heart attached to his genitals. Wires had been attached to the heart and plugged into a wall socket. The boy died from electrocution, then the electricity literally cooked his remains. Investigating Officer Hardaway dismissed the ritual murder theory when detectives found several underground pornographic magazines under the boy's mattress. One of the magazines, called 'Ovid Now', describes a sexual 'toy' that can be made from the fresh heart of a cow, a simple electrical circuit, and some batteries. This deviancy is apparently gaining limited popularity in the rural South. Practitioners get the dead heart to beat, and then use the beating organ for sexual perversions. 'This is one of the most gruesome things I have ever seen. I can't believe that there are people who actually enjoy this sort of thing' Hardaway commented. The boy's parents are currently on vacation in Florida, where they were contacted and informed about the tragedy. They were unavailable for comment".
As I have already written a previous blog on electrophilia and published an article on the ten strangest autoerotic deaths (in the magazine Bizarre) I thought it would make the basis for a good blog. However, after a bit more investigation I discovered the story to be a fake. The Snopes.com website (also know as the Urban Legends Reference Pages) investigated the story and showed it to be completely false. The author of the article (Barbara Mikkelson) wrote:
"The [cow heart masturbation story] isn't a bona fide Associated Press article. No such death has been recorded, let alone been reported on by the Associated Press. What we have here is a work of fiction, an inventive leg-pull. Pranksters are everywhere, both on-line and off-line. In this case, someone took his best shot at presenting a gruesomely salacious story as a news item by dressing it up to mimic the style he assumed wire service copy adhered to, resulting in a laughable Associated Press pastiche".
The same article also reported another fictitious tale of masturbatory death by animal (in this case a lobster). Here, the story was that a women had masturbated using a live lobster and that the lobster had defecated into her vagina, implanting brine shrimp eggs that then hatched inside her. Additionally, there are a few fictional cases in literature, the most infamous being the use of an animal liver as a masturbatory aid in Philip Roth's 1969 novel Portnoy's Complaint. The novel is basically the monologue of (as Wikipedia describes) "a lust-ridden, mother-addicted young Jewish bachelor who confesses to his psychoanalyst in intimate, shameful detail, and coarse, abusive language". In my previous blog on sitophilia (sexual arousal from food), I did note that processed animal tissue has been used as a masturbatory aid (the most notable being botulinonia that involves the sexual use of sausages).
However, there is one case report in the scientific literature that is definitely true. It was published in a 1990 issue of the American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology by Dr. Barry Randall, Dr. Richard Vance, and Dr. Timothy McAlmont and was simply titled 'Xenolingual eroticism'. The paper described the case of a 29-year old female that presented at an abortion clinic saying that she had missed her periods and that she had a possible pregnancy that required termination. She was given a D&C (dilatation and curettage) and a muscular "pale grey tissue mass" measuring seven centimetres in length and 3 centimetres in diameter was found inside her vaginal passage. The object removed from her vagina turned out to be a deer tongue that the woman has been using as a masturbatory aid. At the time their case study was published, Dr. Randall and colleagues reviewed all the relevant literature on masturbatory practices in the Index Medicus database and found 42 papers (of which 27 detailed autoerotic deaths and 14 describing the psychology of autoeroticism). They then noted that:
"Only one reference reviewed various nonlethal autoerotic practices. Over a 42-year period, Aliabadi et al. recorded 18 patients, only three of whom were women, who presented with foreign body insertion for erotic purposes. All three women had inserted foreign bodies into the urinary tract. Acts of autoeroticism involving vaginal masturbation with foreign objects are perhaps more common. None to our knowledge have been reported because these do not result in death or injury, and typically would not come to medical attention. The literature discloses examples of foreign bodies extracted from the male and female lower urinary tract because objects of small diameter may be retracted by natural muscular impulses into the proximal urethra and/or bladder. Indeed, according to Kinsey and others >90% of foreign bodies found in the female bladder or urethra are there as a result of masturbation. Also, large objects retrieved from the vagina are found mostly in married women aged 17-30 [years]. However, these objects, most commonly bananas, cucumbers, and other large vegetables, rarely come to surgical attention. The medical literature reveals only seven references to bestiality. None of them deals with the issue of using nonviable animal tissue for autoerotic purposes. This report is presented so that xenoerotic objects may be placed on the list of possible masturbatory tools that may come to the attention of medical personnel".
As far as I am aware, the case study by Dr. Randall and colleagues is the only academic paper on the use of animal tissue as a masturbatory aid. I did actually cite this study in a previous blog in relation to Dr. Anil Aggrawal's 2011 typology of zoophiles in the Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. The case cited by Randall and colleagues could be classed as a fetishistic zoophile. According to Dr. Aggrawal, these individuals keep various animal parts (especially fur) that they then use as an erotic stimulus as a crucial part of their sexual activity. Obviously the use of a deer tongue is rare but appears to fit the definition of a fetishistic zoophile.
Dr. Mark Griffiths, Professor of Gambling Studies, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Further reading
Aggrawal, A. (2011). A new classification of zoophilia. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 18, 73-78.
Aliabadi, H., Cass, A.S., Gleich, P., & Johnson, C.F. (1985). Self-Inflicted foreign bodies involving lower urinary tract and male genitals. Urology, 26, 12-16.
Brown, S. (1995). The Fortean Times Book of Weird Sex. London: John Brown Publishing.
Griffiths, M.D. (1999). Dying for it: Autoerotic deaths. Bizarre, 24, 62-65.
Mikkelson, B. (2006). Cowboy heart. Snopes.com, May 13. Located at: http://www.snopes.com/risque/kinky/cowheart.asp
Randall, M. B., Vance, R. P., & McCalmont, T. H. (1990). Xenolingual autoeroticism. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 11, 89-92.
Snopes (2000). Lobster love. Snopes.com, January 26. Located at: http://www.snopes.com/risque/juvenile/lobster.asp
Snopes (2006). Deerly beloved. Snopes.com, February 26. Located at: http://www.snopes.com/risque/animals/deertongue.asp
List watch: A brief look at glazomania
"Real happiness consists in not what we actually accomplish, but what we think we accomplish" (Charles Green Shaw, American abstract artist)
Ever since I can remember I have always been someone that compiled lists. Back in my youth it was lists of my favourite pop groups, film stars, sports stars, etc. I still make loads of lists but these days they are more likely to be long 'to do' lists (in fact, I've even written articles on getting the most out of 'to do' lists and being organized – see 'Further reading' below) or writing articles in the form of lists (in fact, I used to write what I called 'psychol-lists' for the British Psychological Society's in-house magazine The Psychologist). When I make lists I feel more productive, and they are often the spurs to get things done (as long as I actually do the things on the list).
Obviously, list making can be an important activity in the organizational skills of many working individuals. Based on my own observations, most people make lists so they (i) don't forget things, (ii) don't procrastinate, (iii) feel in control and focused in what they are doing, (iv) can relieve stress, and (v) can cross things off the list and feel a sense of accomplishment. However, for a minority of people, making lists appears to be obsessive and a mental health issue. In short, there may be a fine line between being organized and being neurotic. From my own personal experience, I know that writing lists can be related to perfectionism. But life isn't perfect and not completing activities on 'to do' lists can raise stress and worry levels. Ironically, the only way some people can deal with this is to make even more lists of things to do.
Obsessive list making is sometimes referred to as glazomania (check out the 'Manias' page at The Scorpio Tales website). Online dictionaries tend to define glazomania as either "a passion for list making" or "an unusual fascination with making lists". However, the term 'glazomania' doesn't appear to be used much academically. I did come across one recent paper in Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, by Dr. Urs Staeheli that mentioned it:
"Recently, quite a number of coffee-table books have been published that collect different sorts of everyday lists. Some authors even speak of a 'glazomania' (Cagen 2007) – that is, an uncontrolled urge to produce lists and a fascination with list-making"
However, there was no other information provided. I managed to track down the 2007 reference to Sasha Cagen's book (To-Do List: From Buying Milk to Finding a Soul Mate, What Our Lists Reveal About Us). The book includes creative list-making exercises with the aim of helping individuals to "get in touch with their passion for life, inside and out of work, and refocus them on what brings them alive". Cagen now makes a living on writing and giving workshops on the benefits of list making (one of her major clients being Google)
Although the term 'glazomania' is seldom used academically or clinically, obsessive list making is often mentioned as one of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. As one online admission I came across noted:
"I have OCD, and recently my OCD flares up in the form of compulsive list making. This behavior totally affects my ability to be productive because I am constantly afraid of forgetting something and of spending time doing the wrong thing. Does anyone have any tips on how to break the cycle?"
The Wikipedia entry on obsessive-compulsive personality disorder notes that the main symptoms are "preoccupation with remembering and paying attention to minute details and facts, following rules and regulations, compulsion to make lists and schedules, as well as rigidity/inflexibility of beliefs or showing perfectionism that interferes with task-completion. Symptoms may cause extreme distress and interfere with a person's occupational and social functioning" (my emphasis)
Psychologically, an argument could be made that obsessive list makers are simply trying to create an illusion of control in otherwise chaotic lives. The reason whyindividuals with OCD make lists compulsively is that they often afraid (in some cases, to the point of being phobic) that they will forget something important (even though research shows they do not have memory problems). These (arguably unnecessary) lists provide a reminder to carry out daily activities (i.e. brushing teeth, making breakfast, etc.). As with other OCD-type behaviours, the action of making a list helps the individual to feel psychologically better (albeit temporarily). The etiological roots may lie in the fact that the sufferer may at some point in their past history have been reprimanded severely, or repeatedly, by others for innocently forgetting things that were important. The OCD Types website adds:
"They never learn that they do not need the list to remember things. People with OCD may also make lists to remember things that may be contaminated to later wash or avoid, which also contributes to the OCD process. List-making can be in writing or verbalized aloud".
In 2010, the BBC reported an exhibition at the Archives of American Art in Washington featuring lists made by eminent artists (everything from "scribbled on scraps of paper" to the "elaborately illustrated" including lists by Pablo Picasso, Alfred Konrad, Oscar Bluemner, Eerp Saarinen and Harry Bertoia). Bluemner even kept lists of lists. The curator of the exhibition (Liza Kirwin) told the BBC that:
"In trying to give order to his life, [Bluemner] obscures the clarity of the inventory of his work. He's completely obsessed with this type of record keeping…This very mundane and ubiquitous form of documentation can tell you a great deal about somebody's personal biography, where they've been and where they're going. People can relate to this form of documentation because so many people are list keepers and organise their lives this way".
In the same article, the BBC interviewed the US psychoanalyst Dr. Michael Maccoby who claimed that there are various types of list makers. However, there was little detail and the only quote in relation to types of list makers claimed: "The extreme is the obsessive who has to make lists of everything. These are people who have an unconscious fear that everything is going to be out of control if they don't make a list". As far as I am aware, there is no published empirical research on personality types and list making although there is some psychological literature showing that list making – as part of time management practices – appears to have some beneficial effects on both student grade point averages and workplace productivity.
Finally, a few months ago, an online article by Dr. Carrie Barron at the Psychology Today website provided a brief summary of why making lists is psychologically good for people. I'm not sure about the empirical basis of her claims but they seem to have reasonable face validity. I'll leave you with her reasons (her verbatim list of "six great benefits"!). In summary, Barron believes that lists:
- "Provide a positive psychological process whereby questions and confusions can be worked through.
- Foster a capacity to select and prioritize. This is useful for an information-overload situation.
- Separate minutia from what matters, which is good for identity as well as achievement.
- Help determine the steps needed. That which resonates informs direction and plan.
- Combat avoidance. Taking abstract to concrete sets the stage for commitment and action. Especially if you add self-imposed deadlines.
- Organize and contain a sense of inner chaos, which can make your load feel more manageable".
Dr. Mark Griffiths, Professor of Gambling Studies, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Further reading
Barron, C. (2014). How making lists can quell anxiety and breed creativity. Psychology Today, March 9. Located at: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-creativity-cure/201403/how-making-lists-can-quell-anxiety-and-breed-creativity
Cagen, S. (2007). To-Do List: From Buying Milk to Finding a Soul Mate, What Our Lists Reveal About Us. Chicago: Touchstone.
Griffiths, M.D. (1995). Psycholo-lists. The Psychologist: Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 8, 240.
Griffiths, M.D. (1996). More psycholo-lists. The Psychologist: Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 9, 384.
Griffiths, M.D. (2006). Tips on…To do lists. British Medical Journal Careers, 332, 215.
Griffiths, M.D. (2008). Tips on…'To do' lists. Psy-PAG Quarterly, 68, 27-28.
O'Brien, J. (2010). The art of list-making. BBC News, March 3. Located at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8537856.stm
OCD Types (2014). About obsessive-compulsive disorder. Located at: http://www.ocdtypes.com/unusual-compulsions.php
Staeheli, U. (2012). Listing the global: Dis/connectivity beyond representation? Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 13(3), 233-246.
Wikipedia (2014). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Located at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive–compulsive_personality_disorder
Term warfare: 'Problem gambling' and 'gambling addiction' are not the same
Throughout my career, I have constantly pointed out that I met very few people that are genuinely addicted to playing weekly or bi-weekly Lotto games. When stating this, some people counter my assertion that they know people who spend far too much money on buying Lotto tickets and that it is areal problem in their life. However, this is a classic instance of confusing 'problem gambling' with 'gambling addiction'. These two terms are not inter-changeable. When I give lectures on gambling addiction I always point out that "all gambling addicts are problem gamblers but not all problem gamblers are gambling addicts".
Nowhere is this more relevant than in the print and broadcast media. For instance, I have been one of the co-authors on the last two British Gambling Prevalence Surveys (published in 2007 and 2011). In these surveys we assessed the rate of problem gambling using two different problem gambling screens. Neither of these screens assesses 'gambling addiction' and problem gambling is operationally defined according to the number of criteria endorsed on each screen. For instance, in both studies we used the criteria of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) to estimate the prevalence of problem gambling. Anyone that endorsed three or more items (out of ten) was classed as a problem gambler. Anyone that endorsed five or more items was classed as a pathological gambler. Pathological gambling is more akin to gambling addiction but we found only a tiny percentage of our national participants could be classed as such. What we did report was that 0.9% of our sample were problem gamblers (i.e., they scored three or more on the DSM-IV criteria).
What we didn't say (and never have said) was that 0.9% of British adults (approximately 500,000 people) are addicted to gambling. However, many stories in the British media when they talk about problem gambling will claim 'half a million adults in Great Britain are gambling addicts' (or words to that effect). I am not trying to downplay the issue of gambling addiction. I know only too well the pain and suffering it can bring to individuals and their families. Also, just because I may not define a problem gambler as being genuinely addicted (by my own criteria as outlined in a previous blog), that doesn't mean that their problem gambling might not be impacting in major negatively detrimental ways on their life (e.g., relationship problems, financial problems, work problems, etc.).
However, returning to the issue of being 'addicted' to Lotto games I have always stated in many of my published papers on both addiction and (more specifically) gambling addiction, that addictions rely on constant rewards. A person cannot be genuinely addicted unless they are receiving constant rewards (i.e., their behaviour being reinforced). Playing a Lotto game in which the result of the gamble is only given once or twice a week is not something that can provide constant rewards. A person can only be rewarded (i.e., reinforced) once or twice a week. Basically, Lotto games are discontinuous and have a very low event frequency (once or twice a week). Continuous gambling activities (like the playing of a slot machine) have very high event frequencies (e.g., a typical pub slot machine in the UK has an event frequency of 10-12 times a minute). Gambling activities with high event frequencies tend to have higher associations with problem gambling, and are more likely to be associated with genuine gambling addictions.
That doesn't mean people can't spend too much money buying lottery tickets. Buying ticket after ticket can indeed lead people to have a gambling problem with Lotto. However, I know of no addiction criterion that relates to the amount of money spent engaging in an activity. Obviously the lack of money can lead to some signs of problematic and/or addictive behaviour (such as committing criminal activity in order to get money the person hasn't got to gamble) but this is a consequence of the behaviour not a criterion in itself. In most of the behavioural addictions that I carry out research into (exercise addiction, sex addiction, video game addiction, etc.), there is little money spent but some of these behaviours for a small minority of people are genuinely addictions.
One of the reasons I felt the need to write this article was a press release I saw the other day from the Salvation Army in New Zealand. The story basically said that for some people, playing Lotto was an addictive activity. Here are some of the things the press release said:
"The Salvation Army Problem Gambling service is seeing an increase in the number of clients for whom Lotto products has become a problem for them and their families. 'When it becomes an addiction, gambling creates havoc in people's lives', says Commissioner Alistair Herring, National Director of Addiction Services. 'The gambling of some of our clients has led to criminal offending, domestic violence, loss of the family home, and – most commonly – children going without food and other basic needs. Regrettably, some people are unable to buy a simple product like a Lotto ticket without it leading to harm for themselves and others. A Lotto ticket can seem harmless but once their purchase becomes an addiction the results can be devastating'…In the past year, The Salvation Army problem gambling programme assisted over 1400 clients most of whom used Lotto. Fifty-seven clients said Lotto was the most significant aspect of their gambling problem. 'This sort of sales promotion without fully understanding the damage the product can have on an individual and their family is irresponsible. New Zealand is moving toward food labelling that identifies additives dangerous to health. Yet Lotto tickets are sold without any warning that they can lead to health dangers through addiction'. One of the results of Lotteries Commission activity is that Countdown supermarkets recently started selling Lotto tickets at the checkout".
Many of you reading this may think I am being a little pedantic but while I don't doubt that buying too many Lotto tickets can be problematic if the person buying them simply can't afford it, the resulting behaviour is 'problem gambling' not 'gambling addiction'. In relation to my own criteria for addiction, the only way someone could be addicted to Lotto was if they were actually addicted to the buying of the tickets rather than the outcome of the gamble itself. This is not as bizarre as it sounds as some research that I carried out in the late 1990s and early 2000s with Dr. Richard Wood appeared to show that a small proportion of adolescents (aged 11 to 15 years) were addicted to playing both Lotto and scratchcard lottery games.
While it is theoretically possible for kids to be hooked on lottery scratchcards (as you can play again and again and again if you have the time, money, and opportunity), we found it strange that adolescents should have 'addiction' problems with Lotto. However, in follow-up qualitative focus groups, some adolescents reported that they actually got a buzz from the buying of Lotto tickets and scratchcards because it was an illegal activity for them (i.e., only those aged 16 years or older can play lottery games in the UK so the buying of tickets below this age is a criminal offence). Basically, there was a small minority of kids that were getting a buzz or high from the illegality of buying a lottery ticket rather than the gambling itself.
Along with Michael Auer, I published a paper in the journal Frontiers in Psychology where we argued game type was actually irrelevant in the development of gambling problems. We provided two examples that demonstrate that it is the structural characteristics rather than the game type that is critical in the acquisition, development and maintenance of problem and pathological gambling for those who are vulnerable and/or susceptible. A 'safe' slot machine could be designed in which no-one would ever develop a gambling problem. The simplest way to do this would be to ensure that whoever was playing the machine could not press the 'play button' or pull the lever more than once a week. An enforced structural characteristic of an event frequency of once a week would almost guarantee that players could not develop a gambling problem. Alternatively, a risky form of lottery game could be designed where instead of the draw taking place weekly, bi-weekly or daily, it would be designed to take place once every few minutes. Such an example is not hypothetical and resembles lottery games that already exist in the form of rapid-draw lottery games like keno.
Although many people (including those that work in the print media) may still use the terms 'problem gambling' and 'gambling addiction' interchangeably, hopefully I have demonstrated in this article that there is a need to think of these terms as being on a continuum in which 'gambling addiction' is at the extreme end of the scale and that 'problem gambling' (while still of major concern) doesn't necessarily lead to problems in every area of a person's life.
Dr. Mark Griffiths, Professor of Gambling Studies, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Further reading
Griffiths, M.D. & Auer, M. (2013). The irrelevancy of game-type in the acquisition, development and maintenance of problem gambling. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 621. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00621.
Griffiths, M.D. & Wood, R.T.A. (2001). The psychology of lottery gambling. International Gambling Studies, 1, 27-44.
Leino, T., Torsheim, T., Blaszczynski, A., Griffiths, M.D., Mentzoni, R., Pallesen, S. & Molde, H. (2014). The relationship between structural characteristics and gambling behavior: A population based study. Journal of Gambling Studies, in press.
McCormack, A. & Griffiths, M.D. (2013). A scoping study of the structural and situational characteristics of internet gambling. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 3(1), 29-49.
Parke, J. & Griffiths, M.D. (2006). The psychology of the fruit machine: The role of structural characteristics (revisited). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4, 151-179.
Parke, J. & Griffiths, M.D. (2007). The role of structural characteristics in gambling. In G. Smith, D. Hodgins & R. Williams (Eds.), Research and Measurement Issues in Gambling Studies (pp.211-243). New York: Elsevier.
Salvation Army (2014). Buying Lotto…Winning a gambling addiction. July 2. Located at: http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU1407/S00032/buying-lotto-winning-a-gambling-addiction.htm
Wardle, H., Moody. A., Spence, S., Orford, J., Volberg, R., Jotangia, D., Griffiths, M.D., Hussey, D. & Dobbie, F. (2011). British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010. London: The Stationery Office.
Wardle, H., Sproston, K., Orford, J., Erens, B., Griffiths, M.D., Constantine, R. & Pigott, S. (2007). The British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007. London: The Stationery Office.
Wood, R.T.A. & Griffiths, M.D. (1998). The acquisition, development and maintenance of lottery and scratchcard gambling in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 265-273.
Wood, R.T.A. & Griffiths, M.D. (2002). Adolescent perceptions of the National Lottery and scratchcards: A qualitative study using group interviews. Journal of Adolescence, 25/6, 655 – 668.
Wood, R.T.A. & Griffiths, M.D. (2004). Adolescent lottery and scratchcard players: Do their attitudes influence their gambling behaviour? Journal of Adolescence, 27, 467-475.
That'll do icily: A brief look at pagophagia
In a previous blog on five 'weird addictions' I briefly mentioned pagophagia, a craving and compulsion for chewing ice. Pagophagia is a type of pica (which I also covered in a previous blog). Pica is defined as the persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month, without an association with an aversion to food. Although the incidence of pagophagia appears to have increased over the last 30 years in westernized cultures, Dr. B. Parry-Jones (in a 1992 issue of Psychological Medicine) carried out some historical research and pointed out that both Hippocrates and Aristotle wrote about the dangers of excessive intake of iced water. Parry-Jones also noted that references to disordered eating of ice and snow were also recorded in medical textbooks from the sixteenth century. However, the first contemporary reference to pagophagia appears to have been a 1969 paper by Dr. Charles Coltman in the Journal of the American Medical Association entitled 'Pagophagia and iron lack'.
Pagophagia is closely associated with iron deficiency anemia but can also be caused by other factors (biochemical, developmental, psychological, and/or cultural disorders). If pagophagia is due to iron deficiency (such as case studies of those with sickle cell anemia), it may sometimes be accompanied by fatigue (e.g., being tired even when performing normally easy tasks). Dr. Youssef Osman and his colleagues published a number of case reports of pagophagia in a 2005 issue of the journal Pediatric Haematology and Oncology including the case of a child with sickle cell anemia and rectal polyps (that caused a lot of bleeding and made the anemia worse):
"An 8-year-old Omani boy, a known case of sickle cell anemia…presented with history of craving for ice. The child was noticed over the last 4 months to like drinking very cold water and to open the deep freezer and scratch the ice and eat it. The parents tried to stop him from doing so, but they failed…The child was started on oral iron therapy…and his craving for ice was completely stopped. Meanwhile, the rectal polyp was removed surgically".
Other potential health side effects include constant headaches (a 'brain freeze' similar to 'ice cream headache') and teeth damage although this is thought to be relatively rare. However, a recent paper by Dr. Yasir Khan and Dr. Glen Tisman in the Journal of Medical Case Reports highlighted the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian man who presented with bleeding from colonic polyps associated with drinking partially frozen bottled water.
Khan and Tisman also suggested that some people who are deficient in iron experience tongue pain and glossal inflammation (glossitis). Others claim that chewing ice may help those with stomatitis (i.e., inflammation of the mucous lining inside the mouth). A recent 2009 case study published by Dr. Tsuyoshi Hata and his colleagues in the Kawasaki Medical Journal, reported the case of a 37-year old Japanese women who ate copious amounts of ice to relieve the pain of temporomandibular joint disorder (i.e., chronic pain in the joint that connects the jaw to the skull). Khan and Tisman also claim that the classical symptoms of pagophagia have changed in the last 40 years since Dr. Coltman's initial paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
"This may probably be the result of advances in technology and changes in culture. When initially described [by Coltman], pagophagia was defined as the excessive ingestion of ice cubes from ice trays and the ingestion of ice scraped from the wall of the freezer. With the advent of ice cube makers and auto defrosters, the presentation of pagophagia has changed in a subtle manner as described in…our patients. Now we observe a subtler ingestion and/or sucking of ice cubes from large super-sized McDonald's-like cups and from the use of popular bottled water containers that have been frozen".
There have been few epidemiological studies examining the prevalence of pagophagia. Such estimates vary widely within particular populations but (according to Dr. Youssef Osman and his colleagues) have been shown to be more common in low socioeconomic and underdeveloped areas. Pagophagia is thought to be relatively harmless in itself or to one's health, although there are some claims in the literature that pagophagia can be addictive. However, empirical reviews suggest that pagophagia (and pica more generally) is part of the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum of diseases. As a consequence, some case studies even suggest that ice chewing compromises their ability to maintain jobs or personal relationships.
Treatment for pagophagia can often be overcome with iron therapy and Vitamin C supplements (to supplement iron deficiency if that is the cause). For instance, Dr. Mark Marinella in a 2008 issue of the Mayo Clinic Proceedings successfully treated a 33-year old woman with pagophagia following complications with gastric bypass surgery:
"The patient received red blood cells, iron sucrose, and levofloxacin. On further questioning, the patient denied taking vitamin, mineral, or iron supplements since surgery and reported prolonged, heavy menstrual cycles. She consumed large amounts of ice daily for several months. The patient's husband frequently observed her in the middle of the night with her head in the freezer eating the frost off the icemaker. The patient admitted to awakening several times nightly for months with an uncontrollable compulsion to eat the frost on the icemaker. This craving resolved after transfusion and iron administration"
However, if the condition is psychologically or culturally based, iron and vitamin supplements are unlikely to work, and other psychological treatments (such as cognitive-behavioural therapy) are likely to be employed.
Dr Mark Griffiths, Professor of Gambling Studies, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Further reading
Coltman, C.A. (1969). Pagophagia and iron lack. Journal of the American Medical Association, 207, 513-516.
de Los Angeles, L., de Tournemire, R. & Alvin, P. (2005). Pagophagia: pica caused by iron deficiency in an adolescent. Archives of Pediatrics, 12, 215-217.
Edwards, C.H., Johnson, A.A., Knight, E.M., Oyemadej, U.J., Cole, O.J., Westney, O.E., Jones, S. Laryea, H. & Westney, L.S. (1994). Pica in an urban environment. Journal of Nutrition (Supplement), 124, 954-962.
Hata, T., Mandai, T., Ishida, K., Ito, S., Deguchi, H. & Hosoda, M. (2009). A rapid recovery from pagophagia following treatment for iron deficiency anemia and TMJ disorder accompanied by masked depression. Kawasaki Medical Journal, 35, 329-332.
Khan, Y. & Tisman, G. (2010). Pica in iron deficiency: A case series. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 4, 86. Located: http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/4/1/86
Kirchner, J.T (2001). Management of pica: A medical enigma. American Family Physician, 63, 1177-1178.
Marinella, M. (2008). Nocturnal pagophagia complicating gastric bypass. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 83, 961
Osman, Y.M., Wali, Y.A. & Osman, O.M. (2005). craving for ice and iron-deficiency anemia: a case series. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 22, 127-131.
Parry-Jones, B. (1992). Pagophagia, or compulsive ice consumption: A historical perspective. Psychological Medicine, 22, 561-571.
I drink, therefore I am: A brief look at alcohol dependence in Great Britain
Alcohol dependence is often viewed as a cluster of behavioural, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that in most affected people includes a strong desire to consume alcohol, and have difficulties in controlling their drinking. According to a 2013 report by Alcoholics Anonymous, alcoholism kills more people in the UK than any other drug apart from nicotine. Based on Government statistics, they claim one adult in every 13 is alcohol-dependent (although this is much higher than data collected from the most methodologically robust studies – see below). The General Household Survey (GHS) and the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF) have been measuring drinking behaviour for over 30 years. In relation to alcohol use, the latest 2013 Office for National Statistics (ONS) report notes that:
"The Department of Health estimates that the harmful use of alcohol costs the National Health Service around £2.7bn a year and 7% of all hospital admissions are alcohol related. Drinking can lead to over 40 medical conditions, including cancer, stroke, hypertension, liver disease and heart disease. Reducing the harm caused by alcohol is therefore a priority for the Government and the devolved administrations. Excessive consumption of alcohol is a major preventable cause of premature mortality with alcohol-related deaths accounting for almost 1.5% of all deaths in England and Wales in 2011".
The ONS notes that obtaining reliable data on drinking behaviour is difficult. Compared to national alcohol sales, surveys carried out by social scientists consistently record lower levels of how much alcohol they consume because participants may consciously and/or unconsciously be underestimating alcohol consumption (e.g., alcohol use in the home may be based on the number of glasses of wine drunk with the amount poured into the glass being much greater than a standard unit of alcohol). In the most recent 2013 report (based on data collected in 2011), participants were asked two questions about their alcohol consumption. These were (i) maximum amount of alcohol drunk on any one day in the previous seven days, and (ii) average weekly alcohol consumption. The survey also obtained three measures of maximum daily alcohol consumption.
- Exceeding the recommended daily alcohol limit. This measure assessed the proportion of men and women exceeding the recommended units of alcohol on their heaviest drinking day (i.e. 4 units for men, 3 units for women).
- Engaging in binge drinking (i.e., intoxication). This measure assessed the proportion of men and women who exceeded the number of daily units considered as intoxicating (i.e., 8 units for men, 6 units for women).
- Engaging in heavy drinking. This measure assessed the proportion of men and women who drank more than three times the recommended daily units of alcohol (i.e., more than 12 units for men and more than 9 units for women).
The results indicated that:
- Over half of all adults (59%) reported that they had consumed alcohol in the week prior to the survey.
- Men (66%) were more likely than women (54%) to have had an alcoholic drink in the week before the survey
- More men (16%) drank on at least five out of seven days than women (9%) in the week prior to the survey.
- Almost one in ten men (9%) drank alcohol every day in the week prior to the survey compared to only one in twenty women (5%).
- More men (34%) exceeded the daily recommended units of alcohol than women (28%).
- More men (18%) were binge alcohol drinkers than women (12%)
- More men (9%) were heavy drinkers than women (6%)
- Heavy drinking was most prevalent in those aged 16 to 44 years
- Drinking alcohol was also associated with smoking nicotine with smokers being more likely to be binge drinkers and heavy drinkers.
Another major report on alcohol use in England was recently published by the Lifestyle Statistics, Health and Social Care Information Centre (in 2013). Their analyses were mainly obtained from the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC), Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES), and prescribing data. They reported that:
- 61% of men and 72% of women had either drunk no alcohol in the last week, or had drunk within the recommended levels on the day they drank the most alcohol.
- 64% of men drank no more than 21 units weekly, and 63% of women drank no more than 14 units weekly.
- 12% of school pupils had drunk alcohol in the last week. This continues a decline from 26% in 2001, and is at a similar level to 2010, when 13% of pupils reported drinking in the last week.
- In 2011/12, there were 200,900 admissions to English hospitals where the primary diagnosis was attributable to alcohol consumption (a 1% increase on the previous year).
- In 2011/12, there were an estimated 1,220,300 admissions to English hospitals related to alcohol consumption where an alcohol-related disease, injury or condition was the primary reason for hospital admission or a secondary diagnosis (an increase of 4% on the previous year).
- In 2012, there were 178,247 prescription items prescribed for the treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care settings or NHS hospitals and dispensed in the community (an increase of 6% on the previous year).
Arguably the most robust data on alcohol dependence in the UK comes from the 2009 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) carried out by the National Centre for Social Research and University of Leicester. Alcohol problems (including alcohol dependence) were measured using the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and the SADQ-C (Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, community version). An AUDIT score of eight or more indicated hazardous drinking, and 16 or more indicated harmful drinking. SADQ-C scores of 4-19 indicated mild dependence; 20-34, moderate dependence; 35 or more, severe dependence.
Using the AUDIT, the prevalence of hazardous drinking was 24.2% (33.2% males, 15.7% females). A total of 3.8% of adults (5.8% males, 1.9% females) drank alcohol at harmful levels, i.e., around 1 in 25 adults. Among males, the highest prevalence of both hazardous and harmful drinking was in 25-34 year olds, whereas in females it was in 16 -24 year olds. Using the SADQ-C, the prevalence of alcohol dependence was 5.9% (8.7% males, 3.3% females), i.e., around 1 in 16 adults. For males, the highest levels of dependence were identified in those between the ages of 25-34 years (16.8%), whereas for females it was between the ages of 16-24 years (9.8%). Most of the recorded dependence levels were mild (5.4%), with relatively few adults showing symptoms of moderate or severe dependence (0.4% and 0.1% respectively). Compared to the previous APMS survey in 2000, the prevalence of alcohol dependence was lower for males in 2007, whereas it remained at a similar level for females.
Dr Mark Griffiths, Professor of Gambling Studies, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Further reading
Lifestyle Statistics, Health and Social Care Information Centre (2013). Statistics on Alcohol: England, 2013. Located at: https://catalogue.ic.nhs.uk/publications/public-health/alcohol/alco-eng-2013/alc-eng-2013-rep.pdf
National Centre for Social Research/University of Leicester (2009). Adult Psychiatric Morbidity in England, 2007: Results of a Household Survey. London: NHS Information Centre
Office for National Statistics (2012). The 2010 General Lifestyle Survey. London: Office for National Statistics.
Office for National Statistics (2013). The 2011 General Lifestyle Survey. London: Office for National Statistics.
Sussman, S., Lisha, N. & Griffiths, M.D. (2011). Prevalence of the addictions: A problem of the majority or the minority? Evaluation and the Health Professions, 34, 3-56.


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Based in China, we pride ourselves as a professional supplier of traditional Chinese musical instruments such as Erhu, Pipa, Guqin, Guzheng, Hulusi, Yangqin, Liuqin, Dizi and Xiao Bamboo Flute, and through our online platform, we hope to bring you more about the splendid culture by Chinese people.
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text: Classic Albums Series 3 - 3. Metallica - The Black Album Share: About this programme 3/6. Metallica members James Hetfield, Lars Ulrich, Kirk Hammett and Jason Newsted discuss the making of their 1991 self-titled record, which became known among fans as the Black Album and included the hit singles Enter Sandman, The Unforgiven and Nothing Else Matters. Categories Music Share:


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In a world featuring characters who if not "cartoony"-looking, still look exaggerated and/or "monstrous", a character who is meant to be attractive in universe and the creators want to show it (instead of just saying it) they're likely to be designed so they're more "realistic" (or at least less exaggerated) compared to other characters. See also Cartoonish Companions, which could in at least a few cases be an inversion of this trope. The more realistic characters can end up in the Uncanny Valley, they are often also examples of Nonstandard Character Design. Compare Humanoid Female Animal. Contrast No Cartoon Fish where realism is used for the opposite effect, real fish are ugly non-cute and eatable.
Examples:Newspaper Comics Video Games
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We will provide a continental breakfast, lunch and an optional afternoon field tour which will allow participants to view farmland conservation practices in the area. The program will end at the American Legion with wrap-up and refreshments at 3 pm. The afternoon field tour will be focused on soil health practices, including cover crops. We will not be straying far from the road, but please bring sturdy shoes and sun protection. We will provide bus transportation for the tour.


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Twelve chapters cover feeding philosophies, monitoring baby's growth, establishing baby's routine, handling multiple births, and the ever-controversial chapter on when baby cries. The 52-week method involves four phases, beginning with "Stabilization" from birth to week 8. During weeks 9 through 15 ("Extended Night"), babies learn to sleep through the night. Ezzo and Bucknam attempt to teach the difference between a baby's many cries and advise parents on various responses to these cries. Critics dislike Ezzo's strong belief that "child-centered parenting" (feeding baby whenever it cries, sleeping with and "wearing" baby) fosters demanding, insecure toddlers. But for parents who are tired of being tired--or whose previous experience with child-centered parenting supports Ezzo's theory--it may be worth a read. --Liane Thomas --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
You know what the author of the book would say to that...I wasn't doing it right!
Our routine was sleep. eat. play. sleep. then eat. then play, then baby is tired and ready to sleep. then baby wakes and is ready to eat. and so on.
We are all parents and the book was developed to help parents recognize a childs needs and to help nurture them to be happier babies.
Great Info. Using it again on our second child. We had to be reminded about some things, and they are helping get our 4mo baby2 to sleep through at night (she spent 5 weeks in... Read morePublished 3 days ago by MNWildcat
I'm only giving this 4 stars because it wasn't a good plan overall for my family. I ended up going with the "My first 300 Babies" book's schedule, and it has been easier... Read morePublished 6 days ago by sflu730
Love this book. Proven through two babies as an awesome program to put your babies on. I bought this one for a friend.Published 6 days ago by Delina Walker
Somewhat informative. I was looking for a more structured book, but this is more for first time mothers and what to expect.Published 6 days ago by Nicole Hepworth
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This is a wonderful book... I've bought two additional copies for friends' baby showers!Published 10 days ago by Farnaz Khajavi


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FOX 47 - Top Stories
After Wisconsin was ousted in the first round last year as a fifth seed, Brust made sure his senior season didn't end the same way. He attacked the glass for buckets on back-to-back possessions, ending with a 3-point play with 3:33 left in the first half to give Wisconsin a 23-20 lead.
The rout was on. The Badgers hit 57 percent in the second half.
John Schoof had 11 points for American.
The Badgers will take on Oregon, who beat Brigham Young University 87-68 to advance to the next round.
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Welcome back Splashers! Sorry I have been away with busy things, but I couldn't miss the Road to WrestleMania. I've been reading a lot of blogs regarding The Rumble, Elimination Chamber, WrestleMania, and how it's all going to play out. Needless to say I have to put in my 2 & ½ cents, so without any further a due let's get to it.
In this blog my only 2 main concerns is
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Have you ever tasted Dr. Tima's Honey Kola? It is the real deal. Without intending to date myself I will tell you that I grew up in advertising terms as a member of the Pepsi Generation but on Coke's side, not New Coke.....NEVER New Coke....oh that was a shameful disaster. This was a time when I was secretly hopeful that I would walk into a supermarket and get pulled aside for the Pepsi Challenge and, of course, I would confidentally declare Coke victorious. Mean Joe Green was tossing sweaty jerseys around and Coke was teaching the world to sing.....in perfect harmony. Cokes were my last great vice. I eat organically, locally, naturally and wholly. I annoy my parents and my friends badgering them about their food, what it is? how it was raised? and where it came from? Until recently I still lived and loved, admittedly shamefully, for an icey cold Coke.
Coke is amazing. I have been lost in the mountains in India and the sands of Africa, hoping I would make some sort of human contact, find a small village or shepherd or traveler who could point the way to people or town or shelter, I often found myself in places where I wasn't even sure if I would find water yet alone people......but there was always a Coke. Always. I never thought I would betray my old friend, my beacon, my light in a dark foreign land (and the local movie theater). The truth is that Coke is filled with bad stuff. Bad for your teeth, bad for your skin, bad for your body and bad for the planet.
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$1000 Cash Contest Cue-to-Call Times [EXCLUSIVE]<K2 Fan Club
Enter the correct code to get an exclusive peek of the times to listen for your cue to call for a chance to win $1000! Click here to sign up for our newsletter to get the code!
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Laundry room organizers set of 3 by ALeeInteriorDesign on Etsy, $47.00 - love the sock idea! #homeorganization
HOW TO MAKE NEVER ENDING DRYER SHEETS!! 1 tupperware container, 4 dollar store sponges cut in half, 1 cup fabric softner and 2 cups water. Can be used over and over. Squeeze out sponge before putting in dryer and when all done, put back in fabric softner/water mix in tupperware.
Laundry Room Wall Hangings
Laundry Room Wall Hangings | The Lakeside Collection
Laundry Room Primitive Wood Sign The Most Memorable Days Usually End With The Dirtiest Clothes. $55.00, via Etsy.
Hanging space above the dryer.
Laundry room flat drying racks made with pvc pipe, netting and drawer guides.
Dry erase marker on the washer for clothes that are inside that shouldn't go in the dryer...genius
Well this just makes LOADS of sense! this would be perfect for a laundry room! That way you dont have to put your loads on the floor waiting to be washed.
This handy little giant keeps track of all your laundry necessities!
THIS REALLY WORKS AND LAUNDRY IS SUPER SOFT!!! Soak a hand towel in fabric softener. Squeeze out any remaining drops from the towel. Hang it over a chair (or outside on a clothes line) to dry. My house smelled super clean for the three days while this towel was drying completely. Yes, it took three days! You must make sure it dries completely! After the towel dries you just throw it in your dryer along with clothes and use it as a dryer sheet for 40-50 loads before soaking again.
laundry baskets under the washer and dryer - how to make your own washer/dryer pedestal
Counter above washer and dryer, perfect for folding!
Every family member gets a basket with their clean folded laundry that can be taken to their room and put away. I like that they're stored in the laundry room
nice idea- A piece of plywood from lowes, rub some Danish Oil on it and it's good to go!
A laundry room next to the master bedroom. The hamper goes into the master closet, and pulls out into the laundry room. Separate shelves for folded clean laundry...brilliant!
awesome idea for the laundry room! Laundry room flat drying racks made with pvc pipe, netting and drawer guides.
Quilted ironing board with magnets for the top of the dryer! -- no more wrestling with the ironing board!


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We Danced With The Devil: One Firefighter's Cancer Chronicles
An exceprt from this article appears in the December 2009 issue of Firehouse Magazine.Editor's Note: Chief Trevino's share a brief story about his good friend Dave Jacobs in this article. Mr. Jacobs lost his battle to cancer before the article could be...
I was working a detail at Engine 13 that day and we were called in on the second alarm. When we arrived, we were told to stretch a 2-1/2-inch hoseline up an extended aerial ladder and into a sixth floor window. Up we went, wearing only turnout coats, helmets, and gloves for protection. None of us wore masks. Within 10 minutes, we found ourselves trapped in the stairway on the eighth floor. The stairs we had come up were compromised by fire and arcing electrical lines, so we couldn't go back the way we had come to the ladder on floor six. In front of us on one side was a locked steel-clad door which we couldn't pry open since we hadn't brought along forcible-entry tools. In the other direction was an open door with huge, angry flames shooting out of it. Our 2-1/2-inch line, opened full-bore, wasn't even making a dent. We didn't have portable radios in those days, and though we tried yelling and waving down to the street level for help, we were so high-up no one on the street noticed us. At one point, I was overcome with smoke and lost consciousness. One of my fellow firefighters picked me up and thrust my head out the window for fresh air, which revived me. At last, about 45 minutes later, a much-welcomed truck crew came through the locked door behind us and allowed us to evacuate the building.
We were given oxygen at the scene by fire department paramedics and ended up returning to the firehouse after the fire to complete our shift and go home. I coughed up nasty, black soot for three days afterwards.
And we danced...
The radiation machine finally wound down and I was thrust back to the here-and-now. The lights came up and my first treatment was over. Sure enough, as soon as the mask was removed, I went into a coughing attack, spitting out a mouth-full of phlegm and choking in huge lung-fulls of air.
This continued for almost 10 weeks. I had radiation treatments every day, Monday through Friday, and even though my lung infection finally subsided with the medications, it never got much easier.
The day after my first radiation treatment, I had my first chemo-therapy treatment. I had seen other patients around the hospital in wheel chairs with electronic IV carts in tow, administering the chemicals into their bodies as they talked to people, or read, or just sat. My experience was different. The chemotherapy drug I got, called Cisplatin, is the strongest available. Getting the treatment was a full-day experience. First, I was taken to a semi-private area and given two large bags of IV fluids to hydrate my body so it could handle the drugs.
After several hours, the technician pulled the curtains and re-entered the little cubicle that contained my bed. After fully explaining what I should expect, she donned a protective plastic suit, face protection, eye protection, and gloves, all to guard against accidental spills and splashes, and hung the small bag of Cisplatin. She told me that the drug was very strong; if spilled it would literally eat through concrete. It took another hour for the chemicals to enter my body, and it was followed by another large bag of fluids to further assist with hydration.
That was when the nausea began, and it would be with me for months afterwards.
As the days went on, I became weaker and weaker. My sleep was constantly interrupted by either pain, nausea, or both. Mary Ann, ever the supportive wife, would wake up with me as many as five times a night, get up and grind whatever I needed in a pill crusher, pain meds, nausea meds, or both, dilute them with water and inject them into my stomach tube. At one point, I was taking over 20 different medications. We were told to rotate the nausea drugs to try and stay ahead of it; if it gets away from you, we were warned, it will be bad. Eventually, I only rose from bed to go to the bathroom or to the hospital for treatment.
One morning, my voice just went away. I tried to speak and nothing came out. Not even a whisper. I had been told to expect this particular side-effect of the radiation treatments, but there is no way to prepare for such a reality when it hits you. For the next few months, I was completely mute.
Sometime near the beginning of my illness, a friend contacted the Firefighter Cancer Support Network and gave them my name. They called right away and within two weeks sent me a package containing literature and tools I would need to help get me through the ordeal. They also referred me to several fellow firefighters around the country who had the same type of cancer, and each of them contacted me for fellowship and peer-counseling. They are a Godsend and there is no way I can thank them enough for the great work they do. If you or a fellow firefighter is unfortunate enough to become a cancer victim, they are a great resource. You can reach them at 1-866-994-FCSN, or on the web at: www.FirefighterCancerSupport.org. As their name implies, they are there to help you.


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Pacific Historic Parks. Their website includes an online bookstore.
Proceeds from sales of books, maps, music, videos, and educational material directly benefit research, educational, and environmental programs at World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument.
Did You Know?
The Japanese aerial bomb that struck the forward section of the USS Arizona ignited the forward magazine causing a catastrophic explosion that sunk the battleship in nine minutes.


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Sheraton Columbia Downtown Hotel
Welcome! Make yourself comfortable and relax in our guest rooms and suites. After a busy day, settle in for a quiet evening in the Sheraton Sweet Sleeper® Bed. Great extras like wireless High Speed Internet Access will keep you connected to what's important.
After a day of friends, family, or business, there is one more thing to savor at this Sheraton: the welcome of our guest rooms, which are completely smoke-free.
- Cable Channels
- LCD Flat Panel Television
- Television in Bathroom
- In-Room Movies
- CD Player/Radio/Alarm Clock
Bed Features
- Sheraton Sweet Sleeper® Bed
- Sheraton Sweet Sleeper Crib
- Bathrobes & Slippers
- Accessible Shower and/or Bath
- Jacuzzi in Room
- Bliss® Bath Amenities
- Cordless Telephone
- Desk
- Voicemail
- Room Service
- Coffee Maker with Starbucks Coffee
- Refrigerator Available (Charge)
Room Features
- Disability Accessible Room
- City View Room
- 100% Non-Smoking Guest Rooms
- Suites Available
- Whirlpool in Room
- Club Level Room Available
- Sheraton Sweet Sleeper Dog Bed Available
Room Amenities & Services
- Iron/Ironing Board
- Wake-up Service
- Housekeeping Service
- Turndown Service
- Air-Conditioned Room
- Video Check-Out
Internet Access
- High Speed Internet Access in All Guest Rooms 9.95 USD per day
- Wireless High Speed Internet Access (Complimentary)
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More Videos...
1965 Ford Cortina GT MK1
• Rarely Seen European MKI Ford Cortina GT!
• Incredible Restoration!
• 1.5L OHV Kent 4 Cylinder!
• Manual Transmission
The Ford Cortina is a car built by Ford of Britain in various guises from
1962 to 1982, and was the United Kingdom's best-selling car of the 1970s.
The Cortina was produced in five generations (Mark I through to Mark V,
although officially the last one was called the Cortina 80) from 1962 until
MotoeXotica Classic Cars is thrilled to offer a rarely seen Ford from all
the way across the Pond! This 1965 Ford Cortina GT comes to us from a
prominent, private collection and has benefitted from an incredible, nut &
bolt restoration. This is one of the coolest European cars we've had in our
showroom in a long time and it's well worth a good look!
Finished in Monaco Red, the paint is in absolutely breathtaking condition.
We are hard pressed to find imperfections to the paint or even the body.
The body is extremely straight and solid. The chrome and bright work is
also in excellent condition. This Cortina shows very well and is sure to
turn heads, not only because it's so incredibly restored but also because
it's very rare that one sees a Cortina GT out and about!
The interior is very clean and simple. The black upholstery is in beautiful
condition and you will notice that there are late racing seats installed.
The carpet, door panels and headliner are all in comparable condition. The
color matched dashboard and dash pad are in wonderful condition, showing no
signs of fading or cracking. The dashboard houses a set of Auto Meter
Phantom gauges (Oil Pressure, Water Temperature, Fuel Level, Voltage) and
the original Ford Cortina speedometer and tachometer. These all look
awesome. There is also an aftermarket AM/FM/CD player as well.
Under the hood, you'll find that the engine bay is fresh and tidy. The
later model Mark II 1600, overhead valve, Kent 4-cylinder (casting #681F
6015DA) starts up easily and runs excellent! Upon the engine is what
appears to be an original two barrel carburetor and headers. The main
wiring harness has also been cleaned up by a Painless Performance kit.
Matched to the engine is a manual transmission, making this Cortina a blast
to drive! It has power front disc brakes and it sits upon a set of 13"
8-spoke, gunmetal Midland Wheels wrapped in a set of new 185/60R13 tires
that look great.
It's already very hard to find a Cortina GT; it's MUCH harder to find one
in condition such as this! The VIN is 3A77EG79301 and the mileage currently
shows 86,219. It is being sold on a clean and clear title. GET OUT AND
ford cortina mk3 drift.wmv
Ford Cortina Mk I Testing - 1962
This 1962 film shows the brand new Ford Cortina Mark I - "a small car with
a big difference" - being tested at the British Army's Fighting Vehicles
Test Ground. The statistics reveal the car to have an acceleration of 0-60
MPH in a mighty 25 seconds. The eagle-eyed among you will spot that the car
is badged "Consul 225", a name that never made it on to a production model.
Ford Cortina V8 twin turbo wins MSB - ProFab / Dandy Engines
ProFab Motorsport Fabrications Joe Gauci has taken out the Modified Street
Blown class at the APSA Pro Street Shootout at Sydney Dragway. The Ford
Cortina is powered by a Dandy Engines twin turbo 372ci small block Windsor V8 engine.
Creative Commons license
Music: Severed Fifth
The new Ford Mondeo (1993) is featured in this episode. First of all,
Michele Newman shows some of the predecessors to the Mondeo, the Mk1
Cortina, the Mk2 Cortina (1600E version), Mk3 Cortina & finally the
MK4/Mk5. Afterwards, Quentin Wilson features the Ford Sierra & explains the
plus & minus points of owning one.
Lotus Cortina Mk1 Onboard - Saturday Race, VRG Turkey Bowl 2012
Green flag drops at about 3:40!
Feel free to check out some of my channel's other racing videos too!
This is my second race of the weekend in my 1965 Lotus Cortina Mk1. I
arrived to the grid late, so I had a lot of work to do to work through
traffic. It was a lot of fun, and I advanced from 15th to 1st!
Ford Cortina 4L turbo ~ WILDTC
Vince's immaculate trophy winning Ford Cortina TC hits the Dyno for the first time. The car
is powered by a straight gas Tunnel Vision Ford SOHC 4L engine and Garrett
GT42R turbo, Preston Automatics C4
3-speed trans and a Borg Warner rear end. The super clean Ford also made it
to the Top 60 at the Summernats car festival.
[ https://www.facebook.com/TunnelVisionturbocharging ]
Ford Cortina Mk3 @ malta Ford Show
A real nice Ford Cortina Mk3 well built for street/strip use.
Ford Lotus Cortina - Fifth Gear Legends
Graham gets behind the wheel of a sixties icon as he tells the story of the
Ford Lotus Cortina and explains why it's one of our favourite fast saloon
cars of all time.
u2tc Monza 2009
In-car from my Lotus Cortina at Monza in 2009
Cortina Special
Mike Sweeney presents 'Cortina Special' where he takes a look into the
history of the Ford Cortina and speaks to many enthusiasts!
With guests Graham Robson, Stephen J Vokins, Harry Calton, Tom Malcom,
Maurice Bennett, Andy Middlehurst, Dave Eastwood, Andy Childs, Darren Seed,
Carol Seed, Stuart Hughes.
Originally aired on Men and Motors TV channel in 2003
cortina back up and running with its new 347ci v8
Hobbyopencup Vír Jiří Korbička
Závody do vrchu hobbyopencup Vír 17-18.7.2009
Jiří Korbička formule Škoda MTX 1.05
Ford cortina mk3 reduilt part 1
Ford cortina restoration..
Ford Cortina Lucas Starter Motor Service
Took down the Lucas starter from my Cortina Mark 4 to change the armature.
It was turning over very slowly, seems the old commutator had some wear in
it. Installed the new armature and works nicely now. I did find that a pair
of snap ring pliers would really come in handy for this job which I didn't
have, had to pry the ring on the pinnon shaft off and then squeeze it back
on with some difficulty (not all shown in vid because camera batteries
Which car is faster?
Similar 1/4 mile timeslips to browse:
1972 Ford Cortina rover v8: 8.360 @ 160.770
darren peart, Engine: rover v8,
1977 Ford Cortina TE Ghia: 9.370 @ 140.930
Mark Williams, Engine: 250 Crossflow, Turbos: Single T72 Tires: M/T 28x10.5
1975 Ford Cortina td: 9.460 @ 146.000
dean g, Engine: 350 chev,
1965 Ford Cortina gt: 9.820 @ 135.135
shane stefaniuk, Engine: clevland, Tires: mickey thompsens15 /10
1976 Ford Cortina TD: 10.318 @ 135.540
Lee Harvey, Engine: cleveland, Tires: 28 x 12.5 x 15
1973 Ford Cortina TC XLE Nitrous: 10.410 @ 128.890
peter papaioannou, Engine: windsor 302, Supercharger: n/a Turbos: n/a Tires: nangkang f / MT28x9x15r
©2014 DragTimes - Disclaimer


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Beauty & Fashion
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Latest Sarah Jessica Parker Posts
Mar 12, 2014 6:15PM
Sarah Jessica Parker
15 Things We Learned About Sarah Jessica Parker in This Awesome Vogue Interview
From the moment this recently-released Vogue interview started, we could already tell it would be fast (73 questions in five minutes!), on-the-spot...
Jan 8, 2014 12:50AM
Sarah Jessica Parker
Uh Oh! Sarah Jessica Parker Hints At Another 'Sex and the City' Movie… Here Are 6 Reasons It's Not the Best Idea
For six seasons and a movie that was everything we hoped for, we followed the luxurious and stylish life of Carrie Bradshaw and her friends on Sex...
Jan 7, 2014 1:25AM
Olivia Wilde
Where We Spotted Matt Damon, Gwen Stefani, Taylor Swift & More
They may be on the move, but they're never off our radar! Check out where some of Hollywood's hottest celebs—like Jon Hamm,...
Feb 22, 2013 8:00PM
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SPOTTED! Where Matt Damon, Kourtney Kardashian, Adrian Grenier and Other Stars Were Seen This Week
They may be on the move, but they're never off our radar! Check out where some of Hollywood's hottest celebs like Matt Damon, Kourtney...
Jan 31, 2013 12:43AM
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Dec 18, 2012 9:32PM
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Sarah Jessica Parker's 3-Year-Old Twins Take Leisurely NYC Stroll (PHOTO)
Talk about a double dose of adorable!Sarah Jessica Parker's 3-year-old twins, Tabitha and Marion Loretta, sure are taking after their...


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76 posts tagged "H&M"
David Beckham's Beachy New Briefs-------
Ask any girl about her favorite Super Bowl ad and she'll likely reference the David Beckham Bodywear commercial for H&M (in which the tattooed heartthrob scales a building in his undies, ICYMI). It certainly sparked our attention. So it comes as no surprise that the now-retired British footballer is also introducing a range of men's swimwear for the Swedish retailer. The line includes Speedo-esque briefs alongside slightly more conservative trunks, all in shades of white, olive green, and navy. The icing on the cake? Each style is modeled by Beckham himself. "We've worked to create new classics for men, with great fit, comfort, and also style," he told The Telegraph. The collection will hit stores on May 22. World-famous abs (unfortunately) not included.
Gisele Bündchen's Blondie Moment-------
We love a multitalented model, so we were pleasantly surprised to hear that Gisele Bündchen is going back into the studio for a new H&M campaign. If you recall, the super teamed up with H&M last fall to record The Kinks' "All Day and All of the Night," with each song purchase benefitting UNICEF. This time around, Bündchen is recording a cover of Blondie's "Heart of Glass" with French music producer Bob Sinclar. "I never in a million years thought I would record a song and work with a producer like Bob," she said. The song and video will be released in May.
& Other Stories Writes Its New York Chapter-------
H&M's sister brand & Other Stories launched only a year ago, but it's already teamed up with Garance Doré and is now poised to bring the brand's mass-market quirk to an eager American clientele. & Other Stories' first U.S. flagship (an airy 6,400 square feet) will bow before the end of the year at 575 Broadway in Soho, making it Prada's new neighbor. A North American e-commerce site will launch concurrently. Happy shopping to all!
EXCLUSIVE: H&M Goes Green With Ever Manifesto-------
This season, H&M has tapped Elizabeth von Guttman and Alexia Niedzielski of sustainable fashion and design think tank Ever Manifesto to design its environmentally friendly Conscious Exclusive collection. Founded in 2009 by von Guttman, Niedzielski, and Charlotte Casiraghi (the former two women are also behind independent magazine System), Ever Manifesto aims to act as a catalyst in highlighting innovation within sustainable production, manufacturing, and communication in order to create a design-led ethical product.
Inspired by flamenco dancing and Spanish bullfighting, von Guttman and Niedzielski's H&M effort, which debuts exclusively here, features ruffled dresses, sharply tailored bustiers, and jackets with rich embellishments. Also on offer is a dramatic navy gown, a romantic floor-length lace wedding dress, and, for the first time, shoes and accessories. All garments are made out of sustainable and ethically sourced fabrics such as organic cotton and silk, vegetable tanned leather from an organic Swedish farm, recycled polyester, and Tencel. If you're not already enticed, get a load of the price point: Pieces range from $17.95 (for a headband) to $549 (for the wedding dress). "The great thing with H&M is that we can really prove to people that we can make beautiful clothes in a responsible and transparent way that is affordable at the same time," explained Von Guttman.
Alongside the collection, H&M and Ever Manifesto have also collaborated on a magazine called Ever Conscious, a portrait publication whose purpose is to raise awareness about the gravity of purchasing power and consumer choices as sources for sustainable change. With a cover by artist Carsten Höller, the magazine boasts interviews with more than twenty environmental activists and cultural tastemakers from the worlds of design, gastronomy, music, and science. Lily Cole, chef Daniel de la Falaise, artist Matthew Stone, and renaissance magnate Pharrell Williams—who discusses his role as creative director for Bionic Yarn, a material created from recycled plastic—are just a few of the issue's compelling profiles.
The Conscious Exclusive collection and Ever Conscious magazine will be out in selected H&M stores on April 10.
Tommy Hilfiger Declares David Beckham "Underwear Model of the Century"-------
Take that, Mark Wahlberg. Fashion mogul and boxer shorts visionary Tommy Hilfiger told a TMZ reporter who accosted him on a dark sidewalk that David Beckham is the "underwear model of the century." Good news for H&M: The fast-fashion retailer recently launched a line of undies with the ex-footballer. Beckham's long history of posing in u-trou started with Emporio Armani back in 2007, and culminated with what is basically the greatest underwear advertising triumph of all time: a commercial during the 2014 Super Bowl.


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I work and go to school. I believe there is goodness in everyone, sometimes it's just harder to see. I hope I am taking the time to reconize and appreciate the simple thing in life. My new pup, I named her PreciousPea, Pea for short. It's just me her. She was 6 weeks old Sunday 04/27/14. I would like to say I'm laid back, but I am busy to much to know for sure. I would like to say I like simple things, but as I try new things I learn that I enjoy them. Someone ask what I was looking for in a companion? Someone I enjoy doing things with, but not only that she must have character. I don't settle, I am not looking for a quik hookup, I am passed needing a wife to make me feel complete, or to make me happy. I am happy, I like myself, I try to live my life in a way that satisfies me that makes me happy; I am high valued and have high morals, but I still like to have fun, I just don't make my relationships all about sex. I believe in letting things progress as they do. My hope is to find someone that I want to be with and not live another day without. Beautiful inside and out, kind, caring, opinionated, I said it and I mean it, sometimes I am just wrong and I want a partner that says, your wrong. I'm far from perfect myself, but maybe I can find someone I'm perfect for, and against all odds they will be perfect for me 2.
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49 • M • Batesville, AR
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and peace!
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and peace!
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Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
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CHAMPION TOWNSHIP, Ohio - A boil alert has been issued for residents in Champion Township.
Officials say they are aware of extremely low water pressure and have crews working on the issue. Water has been restored but residents are still advised to conserve water until the water system is recharged.
Stay with 21 News and wfmj.com for more on this developing story.