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Communism is a far-left materialist ideology which posits that history moves through stages driven by class conflict. Communist analysis maintains that feudalism, led by aristocrats, was transformed through class conflict with the bourgeoisie (business people/upper middle class) into capitalism, and that capitalism through class conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (working class) would lead to the creation of socialism and communism led by the proletariat. Communists believe that the "means of production" should be owned and controlled by the proletariat.
Modern communist thought took shape in 19th century Europe, when appalling working conditions and low wages were the norm and Europe was on the verge of revolution. These conditions made communism a serious challenge to the status quo and won over many supporters. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels predicted that capitalism would simply become more and more oppressive in response to communism and result in revolution, but this linear process did not happen; Marx and Engels failed to predict that the pressure and threat of communism would result in political and economic reforms that lessened the threat of revolution.
During the 20th century, the arrival of more progressive and left-leaning governments and the development of a social safety net helped to diminish economic inequality, which undermined much of communist dogma. Former followers of Marx and Engels such as Eduard Bernstein[wp] abandoned communism and turned to social democratic politics.
It also didn't help that the communist regimes coming to "fruition" were very much intertwined with... events that left mass graves frequent.
[edit] What communism "actually is"
[edit] Early forms
Communism, as a political philosophy advocating the communal ownership of property, has been around almost since the dawn of politics, even the dawn of time. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argue that early hunter-gatherer societies represent primitive communism. Such societies had no social classes or forms of capital.[1] Many religious groups and other utopian communities throughout history have practiced it on a small scale as well.
[edit] Karl Marx
The most (in)famous form of communism is derived from the ideas of Karl Marx. Marx, who had studied the German idealist Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, attempted to turn Hegel's idealism on its head in his own philosophy; he did something similar to the earlier communist ideas by attempting to take out the idealism and give them a materialistic footing (what later came to be called "dialectical materialism").
Marx himself is quoted as saying that "if anything is certain, it is that I myself am not a Marxist" in relation to how his teachings were being misunderstood or misapplied. However, a set of core beliefs called "Marxist" can certainly be ascribed to Marx, most notably the overthrow of capitalism, the importance of socio-economic factors and class conflict in history, and the rejection of religious or semi-religious justifications for the existing order.
The Marxist view of society focuses on economic and class relationships and the role of the workers, or proletariat. Marx theorized that human society develops from primitive communism to a slave society, then to feudalism, and then, after feudalism ceases to be productive, to capitalism. He claimed that capitalism, in a similar manner, leads to socialism, since once it is developed enough, the proletariat will be an organized force capable of revolution: "What the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers."
A workers' revolution having brought about socialism,[2] the State, which Marx defined as the embodiment of the bourgeoisie's end of the class struggle, would "wither away," bringing in communism, this being defined as a classless, and thus stateless, form of social organization. The Communist Manifesto[3] was his statement of purpose, though he later called parts of it (especially the ten planks) antiquated. It was mainly a propagandistic document, and thus did not go into detail in terms of economic theory, as does his later work, Das Kapital.[4] However, one thing that Marx made an explicit warning about was that attempts to do this in a society that had not yet undergone an Industrial Revolution would most likely backfire, which brings us to...
[edit] Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin, leading the Russian Revolution, paid large amounts of lip service to Marx, while instead taking more ideas from Blanquism (even though Marx hadn't thought too highly of the chances of revolution from a feudalistic society, and had coined the term 'dictatorship of the proletariat' in order for differentiate from the Blanquist minority dictatorship) and declared open class warfare on the bourgeoisie (and that he would bring "Peace, Bread and Land!"), in an attempt to take power. Lenin jumped the gun by leading a communist revolution with a small group of intellectuals without waiting for a significant working class to develop, trying to jumpstart a socialist state by skipping an entire step in the process Marx had described. This would become known as Leninism, a sort of backwards Marxism, in which a small group of enlightened leaders, known as a vanguard, took over the state first, and industry and a large working class were developed afterwards. In Leninism, the initial leaders of the revolution were to be caretakers of the socialist state until the workers caught up and society could be transformed into "communism" (as the beginning of the idea of socialism and communism being different stages from revolution originated mainly from Lenin). Crucially, this idea of a vanguard party meant elevating the Bolsheviks to become a new elite within Russia, while the workers and peasants - the same people the Bolsheviks claimed to represent - were subjected to the same dictatorial control as the Tsar's regime. The "soviets" (councils of self-governing workers based on the idea of direct democracy) were suppressed in a direct contradiction of Lenin's rallying cry "all power to the soviets!"
There was a total of one democratic election after the October Revolution, and when the Bolsheviks lost out to the more democratic socialist parties (the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks) they sent in the Red Guard and closed the Constituent Assembly. A one-party state was established and opposition on both right and left fermented and soon exploded into the brutal Russian Civil War.
It is true that Lenin's ideas (especially applying planned economy principles to agriculture) didn't really work, but though some reforms were suggested, Lenin and Trotsky killed most of those suggesting them. Then Lenin died, and Stalin took over the Soviet Union and converted a brutal and repressive autocracy (as Lenin had abolished democracy and implemented Party dictatorship) into an extremely brutal and repressive autocracy, ruling by fear. So not only was the great Soviet experiment failing, Stalin stepped in and ensured it never would recover.
To summarize, communism is a classless, "democratic" (Marx called for 'self-government of the commune' in response to Bakunin's accusations that he wished for a minority dictatorship) and international society. There are different theories to how it should be organized, for example, the anarcho-syndicalists and De Leonists wish for a Socialist Industrial Union, while mutualists (inspired by the ideas of Proudhon) wish for a non-capitalist free market (often claiming that the capitalist market can never have anything to do with 'freedom'), other socialists wish for a system of workers' councils (though these can often be compared to the syndicalist unions), as in the "soviets" which represented the working class in Russia until Lenin's coup d'etat. The workers had also taken over factories, instituting elected and recallable factory committees which ran them under their ultimate control, before Lenin took over. Such "worker self-management" has also been a key part of socialism, in both libertarian Marxist and anarchist tendencies or schools of thought.
[edit] Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong's particularly gruesome take on Marxism easily ranks as the most devastating attempt to establish a Communist society, as far as the total number of human casualties is concerned. Having taken over mainland China in 1949, he developed a branch of Communist theory that was supposed to address China's specific circumstances, commonly referred to as "Mao Zedong thought." Since China was a mostly agrarian country without a solid industrial base, it lacked the distinct class of urban factory workers that was supposed to form the backbone of a Communist revolution according to Marxism. Hence, Mao's own ideology emphasized the vast numbers of impoverished Chinese peasants as the driving force of the revolution in China, and concentrated on winning their support for the Communist Party of China. However, during the late 1950s, Mao ordered a vast industrialization program that was supposed to transform China's agrarian economy into a much more advanced one, taking a cue from Stalinism. This project, called the "Great Leap Forward," plummeted at the cost of up to 45 million lives.[5]
After being sidelined as a result of this failure, Mao eventually launched yet another attempt at rapid societal transformation in a bid to reestablish himself as the undisputed leader of China. Starting in 1966, his so-called "Great Cultural Revolution" again toppled China into chaos, as a fanatic youth movement set out to destroy Chinese traditional culture and the supposed last vestiges of the old elites. In practice, it was a reign of terror that consisted of completely random attacks against anyone and anything that drew the suspicion of the frenzied "Red Guards," among them no small number of their own operatives. Since the campaign had brought the country to the brink of civil war, Maoist ideology was mostly discredited as an actual guideline for governing the nation. Mao's eventual successor, Deng Xiaoping, effectively abandoned it by promoting pragmatic developmental policies, so that today's China is a booming capitalist economy ruled by a totalitarian oligarchy. However, because of Mao's status as a larger-than-life figure in Chinese politics and especially the CCP, Maoism was never officially denounced by Chinese authorities. Yet.
Apart from China itself, several other Communist movements in Southeast Asia, Central Asia and Latin America claimed an explicit adherence to Maoism. Despite significant political differences, Cambodia's Khmer Rouge was considered almost a recreation of Mao's Chinese Communist party (down to the extreme, culturally-motivated purges). However, many such parties are no longer exclusively agrarian in focus, placing a dual emphasis on both rural and urban workers.
[edit] Final remnants
As it stands, there are only a few remaining nation-states which proclaim themselves Communist, and it is obvious without comment how well the judgement of history will handle them. These systems are:
- Castroism in Cuba: Cuba actually boasts a very high average life-expectancy due to socialized health care, and has evaded the issues of overpopulation and pollution which have plagued China. However, economic gains have never materialized, leaving the country relatively poor compared to its neighbors.
- Juche in North Korea: Called a "mauso-tocracy" by Christopher Hitchens, this society insists that Kim Il-sung is the Eternal President of the Republic, despite his noticeable lack of pulse, heartbeat, respiration, or brain activity since 1994. His grandson Kim Jong-un, therefore, is going to perpetually play second fiddle as Supreme Leader. Note that North Korea has actually removed all references to communism from its constitution, and today Juche is more of a bizarre mix of ultra-nationalism, militarism and Kim-worship. Still regularly used for red-baiting (those who exhibit any kind of leftist ideas are often told to go to North Korea if they love socialism so much).
- Maoism with Deng Xiaoping Thought in China: It's basically market-Leninism. Despite having the fastest-growing economy on earth, the Chinese industrial existence is, ironically, on par with the working conditions in Soho which repelled Marx when he was originally writing Das Kapital. You could say that the Chinese system is the only form of communism that actually works, but considering their record on civil rights (think June 4th), that might be a bit of a stretch. Ironically, despite the heavily polluted country's reputation, the extreme measures taken to control their population growth in the form of the one-child policy was likely one of the largest contributions to the environment any country has made.
- Laos and Vietnam: Still ostensibly Marxist-Leninist. Vietnam has gone in the direction of China's market-Leninism. Laos, at the present, has only introduced limited market reforms.
[edit] Communism in practice
This has become rather a touchy subject to bring up, as totalitarian socialist states have a good deal to answer for. Let these facts be submitted for the reader's consideration:
- Several countries with communist parties (bodies that should not have existed according to Marx) for an official governing body have been governed in a highly illiberal and undemocratic manner, characterized by one-party rule, lack of civil rights, and bureaucratic corruption.[6]
- The introduction of democratic government to totalitarian-backed communist countries has been inevitably followed by that country ceasing to be communist. Well-known examples are Poland, Hungary, Cambodia, and Yugoslavia.
- The economies of communist countries have proven themselves largely unable to meet even the basic needs of their citizens. Of the five remaining communist states today, China and Vietnam have introduced market reforms. After these reforms were introduced, their respective economies expanded and living standards rose. On the other hand, Laos, North Korea, and Cuba have not allowed very many market reforms, and one can clearly see the state of their economies.
- Totalitarian Communist governments have been responsible for a great many mass slaughters, often genocides. Prominent examples:
- In the Soviet Union during the premiership of Joseph Stalin, millions of Ukrainians starved to death. Debate continues over whether this was intentional or the result of the general incompetence of Soviet agricultural policy (the Holodomor happened in the context of a broader Soviet famine).
- Later, Stalin railroaded approximately a million people to the gallows in the Great Purge of 1936-1938.
- Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge were responsible for killing, by their own estimates, 800,000 people in Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.
- During the Great Leap Forward in China under Mao Zedong, at least 300,000 people were starved[7] in consequence of economic upheavals caused by the government's attempts to "modernize" the country and tens of thousands more died in violence of the Cultural Revolution, as mentioned above.
The question then becomes what role was played by which ideologue. Some, in particular Leon Trotsky and his followers, claim that the people performing these acts were not actually communists, for the reason that such figures as Joseph Stalin deliberately betrayed the true communist ideals, and that these betrayals were later compounded by many communist states putting them into practice. Others claim that the theories of Marx are impossible to put into practice and thus lead inevitably to economic ruin and totalitarian despotism.
It is certainly true that Marxism has one of the key philosophical elements required of any totalitarian world-view: the notion that non-adherents are in denial or in some way mentally deficient. In Christianity this notion takes the form of the idea that non-Christians only want to continue living in sin. In Marxism it takes the form of false consciousness — the idea that any person who does not put the interests of his class uppermost has been duped by somebody-or-other and is in denial about what his true interests are.
Also, if one tries to assign most or all of the blame to Stalin, as Trotsky did, one must take into account that many of the above atrocities were committed by states that espoused Marxism-Leninism but explicitly rejected Stalinism.
On the other hand, variants of Marxism that do not claim to be a continuation of Marxism-Leninism, such as Catholic Liberation Theology and Eurocommunism, are much more benign, and many of these variants have accepted liberal democracy in lieu of violent revolution as a way to achieve communist goals.[8]
[edit] Is Communism at all workable?
It depends on what you mean by "Communism" and what you mean by "workable."
Certainly 20th century Communism has left a trail of nothing but blood and pollution in its wake; China's communism is barely recognizable under its outward trappings of state capitalism, and the Soviet experiment is most charitably seen as incomplete, cut off by Lenin's death and subverted by Stalin's brutality. Previous experiments in communism, whether fundamentally capitalist (Jamestown, VA) or utopian (the Oneida community) lasted only for a couple of generations at most before being torn apart by internal dissent.[9] In addition, the confusion of Communism and the politics of the Warsaw Pact community has essentially stained the name of communism, to the point that even if it was tweaked into a workable form, we'd have to find some other name for it.
Critics of Communism tend to fault it for its hyper-idealistic egalitarianism, based on the assumption that a state set up to fade away is a sitting target for authoritarians and slackers, and also assuming that there would be no incentive to excel in any given field. In addition, the planned economy aspects of Soviet Communism in particular have consistently failed, due to an ideology that proved unable to react to the slightest outside changes.
Advocates of Communism look at the failure of every attempt to implement Communism and claim "but those weren't real Communism!" In most cases, Communist governments didn't necessarily follow Marx's theories as set out, and corruption and cronyism were rampant; Marx certainly wouldn't have approved of that, or the use of tactics by the governing authorities that he considered reserved for the use of the proletariat at large, such as expropriation.[10] However, Marx's antipathy towards the bourgeoisie was used as an excuse to kill millions (especially in China and Cambodia, but more famously Ukrainian country folk in the USSR) because they were branded "petty-bourgeois counter-revolutionaries" for the crime of looking cross-eyed at the nomenklatura.
The question, then, becomes this: what does this "great apostasy" say about the viability of Marxism? Opinions run the gamut.
- Some (George Orwell, for example[11]) say that Marxism's highly theoretical and dogmatic nature can cause its more enthusiastic devotees to become isolated from the proletariat at large — thus almost ensuring that any successful communist takeover will result in a dictatorship of some sort.
- Some claim that while communism had its uses at the time (Russia did go from laughable backwater to global superpower in one generation), the nature of modern economies — even if you were able to separate the human rights issues — make it outdated and solely the domain of moonbats. Having full state control of the economy can be workable and even helpful when your economy is small and dysfunctional, but when it starts growing the central bureaucracy grows increasingly incompetent at managing the affairs of the economy. Command economies very often follow the pattern of first causing mass deprivation and starvation, then growing rapidly with attendant increases in life expectancy, then stalling, then collapsing or stagnating, necessitating the introduction of market reforms.
- Some suggest that Marxism is by itself just a relatively harmless pile of bullshit, especially as concerns economics, but it can easily be hijacked by a dictatorial methodology like Leninism, so that when its economic methods do not work, anyone who tries to point out that the Emperor has no clothes on can be conveniently silenced.
- Some (greatly reduced in number since the Soviet gravy-train derailed) continue to support the core ideas of Marxism, and continue to work toward the proletarian revolution using a wide variety of methodologies, in sure and certain hope of the pure-communist society to come.[12]
- Some reject Marxism in its original form, but think the core ideas — such as class struggles (generalized into conflict theory) and the comparatively idyllic world spoiled by the ascendancy of one of these classes — are still worthwhile. Indeed, Marxist historical analysis, a distinctly different beast from communism in and of itself, is generally considered a useful tool for understanding quite a bit of history.
Also, although state-imposed collectivism did not work out so well, private corporations run as collectives[13] do just as well as companies based on a more traditional hierarchy, and even if Marx was somewhat naive about economics, he still (being a newspaper reporter by vocation) was a reasonably good historian overall. It's reasonable to look at the train wreck of Communism-in-practice as an utter failure, but that doesn't mean there's nothing to learn from it.
[edit] The few examples when communism worked out relatively fine
- The communist anarchists before and during the Spanish Civil War had created a very free and prosperous society, as recounted in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia. Franco crushed them.
- In a similar vein, the Ukrainian Free Territory had a anarcho-communistic government during the Russian Civil War, although it was also destroyed militarily - not by the White Guards, even - in fact, the insurgent army fought Denikin's army successfully - but rather by the Bolsheviks themselves. Such solidarity![14]
- The Yugoslav Workers' Councils worked out for a little while
- The Israeli kibbutzim (if you can ignore their place in global capitalism)
- Twin Oaks Community[wp] is currently working right now. [15]
[edit] Derivative philosophies
Besides communism, there are a great many different ideologies and schools of thought based on Marx's views.
Unlike some people, Marx actually was an intellectual. When he wasn't sitting in the reading room of a library researching obscure statistics about economics or the discoveries of Charles Darwin, agitating the English to protest for better working conditions, or borrowing money from Engels, he was developing an advancement of German philosophy that would combine its strict logic with French ideals of liberty and sound English economic scholarship. As a student, Marx studied the philosophy of the famous F.W. Hegel, who helped create a matrix of thinking where the world can be divided into strict oppositions, called dialectics. Though they at first seem contradictions, it is only through their fusion, rather than one championing the other, that real progress can be made.
The big difference between Hegel and Marx was a certain You-Know-Who. For Hegel, God was the ultimate solution, and He doth dealt a righteous blow for Christendom by allowing a German Protestant monarchy to triumph over that whole Napoleon business. The fact that the German monarchs were totalitarians who helped foster a culture of fear and paranoia against foreigners and Jews seemed to escape him.
That was where the grandson of the Rabbi said 'no thanks'. Flipping Hegel on his head, he said that there was no God, only man, and that the dialectical solution for the whole mess was for everyone to give up religion, recognize that they were really united by whether they were rich or not, and to thus begin a class-war that would end the international slave trade (still going on at that time), emancipate women, end child labor, bring about better work conditions, and eventually seize the property of the landed elites. [16]
While Lenin went all gaga for the revolution bit, there still is a great deal academics find useful in Marxism as a research tool. For example, Marxist historians focus on economic relationships and progress in history, and believe economic motivations and class consciousness to be the most important underlying causes of change (or, in layman's terms, money in fact does make the world go round, but you'll always get screwed by the rich man). Marxist history is a school of social history, focusing primarily on the conditions of the (working class) majority rather than on the deeds of kings and leaders.[17] There are similar Marxist forms of sociology and cultural theory. Marx's outline of how capitalism works is still taught in economics, though it's not considered the whole story.
Additionally, there are many variants on the idea of some underclass being exploited or oppressed by some upper class and the need for that underclass to unite and make a revolution. The second wave of feminism most active in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as radical feminism, views women as the underclass. Nationalism, particularly among colonized peoples, may view the colonized nation as the underclass; an example of this is the strong nationalistic elements in the ideology of communist governments in North Korea, Vietnam, and China. Identity politics abstracts the idea entirely and allows the selection of an arbitrary underclass, thus giving rise to such phenomena as "ethnic studies," "queer studies," "disabled studies," etc. The feminist, militant black, and gay rights movements of the later 1960's and 1970's were informed by a Marxist outlook, including the Black Panthers, as David Horowitz loves to remind us of constantly. So scary.
Libertarian communism is an elimination of the state similar to Marxist communism, but it claims to be a part of the libertarian family.
[edit] Communism and religion
[edit] Marx on religion
Karl Marx famously said that religion was "the opiate of the people." Or, in full:
Religion is, indeed, the self-consciousness and self-esteem of man who has either not yet won through to himself, or has already lost himself again. But man is no abstract being squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man—state, society. This state and this society produce religion, which is an inverted consciousness of the world, because they are an inverted world. Religion is the general theory of this world, its encyclopedic compendium, its logic in popular form, its spiritual point d'honneur, its enthusiasm, its moral sanction, its solemn complement, and its universal basis of consolation and justification. It is the fantastic realization of the human essence since the human essence has not acquired any true reality. The struggle against religion is, therefore, indirectly the struggle against that world whose spiritual aroma is religion. Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people. The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions. The criticism of religion is, therefore, in embryo, the criticism of that vale of tears of which religion is the halo.
Of course, these are simply Marx's beliefs, and thus religious socialism still exists, as the system of communism is not opposed to religion in any way. Marx does not advocate the banning of religion, and instead says that it is simply a way to cope, and a way to see something bright at the end of the tunnel when one is faced with the injustices of feudal and capitalist society, and says that the criticism of religion is thus the criticism of the conditions that breed it. In an interview later on, Marx dismissed violent measures against religion as "nonsense," and stated the opinion (he specified that it was an opinion) that, "as socialism grows, religion will disappear. Its disappearance must be done by social development, in which education must play a part."[18]
As for the phrase itself, opium in Marx's time was an important painkiller, a source of extraordinary visions for 'opium eaters', the cause of important conflicts such as the Opium Wars, and also used by parents to keep their children quiet. It is likely that Marx was alluding to all of these.
Despite Marx's view that religion could co-exist with communism, many communist states have cracked down on religious groups or banned them altogether. For example, the Russian Orthodox Church had for hundreds of years been a powerful institution in Russia and had many ties to the former czarist regime. Hence, in the mind of the Soviet leaders the church formed an institutional threat to its existence and had to be controlled. Albania under Enver Hoxha banned religion altogether, claiming that it had kept Albania back for a great many years. China tightly regulates religion within its borders, barring the Roman Catholic Church and other churches not under the direct control of the State, leading to a burgeoning "house church" movement.
[edit] Religion in communism
Marxism, despite generally rejecting the supernatural, carries distinct millennial overtones about it. Although all sectors of Christianity at least nominally oppose orthodox Marxism due to its materialism, the amillennial denominations have been most vocal in their opposition to communism; specifically the Catholic Church, which has explicitly condemned "secular messianism," which it cited as a form of millennialism, and of which it cited communism as an example.[19][20]
[edit] Communism and rhetoric
Communists are frequently alleged to be the true force behind the United Nations or some other scheme for a New World Order or one world government. These conspiracy theories are sometimes tied into anti-Semitism and the idea of an international Jewish conspiracy due to the fact that many Jews were aligned with leftist politics.
Wingnuts also ascribe to the word "communism" quite a different meaning: "Any policy or belief that is insufficiently right-wing for my taste," or "any policy which promotes racial equality and integration." You can thank Joseph McCarthy for that.
[edit] Quotes about communism
""The Communists do not form a separate party opposed to other working-class parties. They have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole. They do not set up any sectarian principles of their own, by which to shape and mould the proletarian movement.
|—Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
""A communist is someone who reads Marx and Engels. An anti-communist is someone who understands Marx and Engels.
|—Attributed to Ronald Reagan, though it's hard to believe that a Californian actor who thought trees caused pollution actually understood anything.
""One sometimes gets the impression that the mere words 'Socialism' and 'Communism' draw towards them with magnetic force every fruit-juice drinker, nudist, sandal-wearer, sex-maniac, Quaker, 'Nature Cure' quack, pacifist, and feminist in England.
|—George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier
[edit] Notable commies
- Salvador Allende, President of Chile 1970-1973, ousted by right-wing dictator Augusto Pinochet
- Fidel Castro, former dictator of Cuba 1959-2006
- Friedrich Engels, dictator of writing
- Antonio Gramsci, Marxist philosopher, inventor of "cultural hegemony"
- Che Guevara, henchman of Castro, t-shirt icon
- Ho Chi Minh, dictator of Vietnam 1945-1969
- Alger Hiss, Soviet infiltrator in the U.S.
- Kim Jong Il, dictator of North Korea 1994-2011
- Vladimir Lenin, dictator of the USSR 1917-1924
- John Lennon, dictator of The Beatles 1960-1969
- Rosa Luxemburg, German communist activist
- Mao Zedong, dictator of China 1949-1976
- Karl Marx (duh)
- Mengistu Haile Mariam, dictator of Ethiopia
- Barack Hussein Obama, dictator of the United States from 2009 and onward
- Pol Pot, dictator of Cambodia 1975-1979
- Pete Seeger, folk-singer
- Joseph Stalin, dictator of the Soviet Union 1924-1953
- Leon "Snowball" Trotsky
- The Cambridge Five, Soviet infiltrators in Britain
- Jim Jones
[edit] See also
- List of forms of government
- Socialism
- Moral panic
- Equality - The general basis of the projected communist society, in which all permanent hierarchies are abolished, including that of class.[21]
- John Birch Society - the United States' most prominent anti-Communist organization (They didn't get the memo). A common figure of fun, even back then.
- John Ball - an early priest who favored a then-unnamed communism.
- Slavoj Zizek - anti-Stalinist Stalinist, pop philosopher, and filmmaker
[edit] External links
[edit] Footnotes
- ↑ DeVore, Irven (1969). Man the Hunter. Aldine Transaction. ISBN 978-0-202-33032-7
- ↑ Marx was not deterministic, though he does occasionally seem as such, though he believed that socialists would have to actively help educate the workers, and fight for a revolution, rather than it just happening automatically, though crises and such would aid it.
- ↑ The Communist Manifesto at Project Gutenberg
- ↑ Whether Das Kapital be an economic treatise or the ravings of a nut is a hotly debated question.
- ↑ Dikötter, Frank (2010): Mao's Great Famine. New York: Walker & Company, 2010.
- ↑ It is important to note that communist parties have historically formed a number of governments respectful of rights and democracy (e.g., in Moldova and Cyprus) and that it is not uncommon for communist parties to govern as part of broader left-wing coalitions (e.g., the French Popular Front in the 1930s and the communist wing of the African National Congress). However, these governments and coalitions have all been constrained by liberal-democratic, non-communist constitutions guaranteeing free speech, free elections, and the right to dissent.
- ↑ 300,000 is the number that came from adding up population lost, and failing to rise according to birth rate between 1958 and 1960. There isn't a death toll so it's the most commonly used in China.
- ↑ These are the Unitarians to Stalinism's Puritans.
- ↑ The last such movement of any significance, the Shakers, is on the verge of dying out, with only three members left in its last known community in Maine.
- ↑ Communist Manifesto, chapter 2.
- ↑ In his book The Road to Wigan Pier, he compared Marxism to Catholicism, with the Hegelian dialectic taking the place of the Trinity.
- ↑ Similarly, some Christians continue to work toward the elimination of all sin so as to bring about a thousand golden years on Earth before Jesus returns to cast sinners into the Lake of Fire.
- ↑ Examples of companies run along collective lines include REI, King Arthur Flour, and the consortium responsible for Parmeggiano Reggiano cheese.
- ↑ Why does the Makhnovist movement show there is an alternative to Bolshevism?
- ↑ Twin Oaks: Small-scale communism in America
- ↑ Wheen, Francis. Karl Marx: A Life. New York: Norton, 2001
- ↑ When this is applied to periods of history of which the only surviving records are of said kingly deeds, this must needs result in at least some speculation, which perhaps opened the door for the historical negationism so common among communist historians (most notably in the Soviet Union, where people questioning official Party history could be conveniently clapped in the gulag).
- ↑ It should be noted that Martin Luther said roughly the same thing of Jews, that they did not convert due to rotten treatment at the hands of the corrupt Catholic Church; when the Jews refused to give up their religion in favor of Lutheranism, Luther started calling for the synagogues to be burned.
- ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church, 188.8.131.52.9.676.
- ↑ Pius XI, encyclical Divini Redemptoris. [1]
- ↑ However, without due diligence to proper farm management, some animals wind up more equal than others.


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The Memphis Grizzlies have a chance to avenge another recent seven-game playoff series loss as they open a second-round series against the Oklahoma City Thunder in Oklahoma City at 1 p.m. ET on Sunday on ABC. Game 2 will be on Tuesday at 9:30 p.m. on TNT, and Game 3 will be in Memphis on Sat., May 11 at 5 p.m. on ESPN.
The Thunder advanced to the second round by beating the Houston Rockets in six games. The Grizzlies advanced by beating the Los Angeles Clippers, the team that beat Memphis in seven games last season, in six games in the first round.
Memphis and Oklahoma City met in the second round in the 2010-11 season. The Thunder won that series in seven games with both teams looking dominant at times -- five of the seven games were decided by double figures.
Memphis won two of three games against the Thunder this season.
More from SB Nation:
• Stephen Curry's 10 best shots of the playoffs
• Pay Nate Robinson (if you dare)
• Controversial call helps close door on Denver
• David Kahn has the final word
• What's wrong with the Knicks?
• Longform: The secret world of NBA daps


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To burn as much fat as possible in your workouts, think outside the box. Instead of traditional weight training where you work one body part per day, superset your exercises and work all your muscle groups ever workout… and focus on the big muscles, not the little ones. Maximize your fat loss results with supersets.
{ 13 comments }


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Attend programs as they happen, right from your desk or office. And if you get called away from your computer, you will have access to the On-Demand program for one year after the original event takes place.
Register Today!
August 27, 2014
A New Chief Accountant for the SEC
From: The SEC Institute Blog
The SEC announced the appointment of James Schnurr...
August 19, 2014
Federal Circuit Affirms Inequitable Conduct Against Apotex
From: Patent Law Practice Center
Apotex Inc. and Apotex Corp. (collectively, "Apote...
August 14, 2014
CAFC Reverses Summary Judgment for Lack of Adequate Written Description
In ScriptPro, LLC v. Innovation Associates, the Fe...
All Contents Copyright © 1996-2014 Practising Law Institute. Continuing Legal Education since 1933.


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NFL Mobile
by NFL Enterprises LLC
Download this app if: you need official NFL scores, play-by-play, and more.
Developer Notes
NFL Mobile is updated for 2014 and built to bring football right to your Android smartphone or tablet! Breaking News, In-Game Highlights, Live Game Scores, Custom Team News, follow your Fantasy Football Team, watch Fantasy Live and more!
Verizon customers can upgrade to Premium Features on their...
Must-Have for NFL fans — Official NFL app offers scores, team news, player profiles, stats, and a whole lot more. No-brainer app for diehard fans.


text: Hanukkah-Themed Toys Lil Gift Guide: 10 Great Hanukkah Gifts to Last 8 Nights by Rebecca Gruber 12/09/11 0 Reactions 13 Shares Print 0 6 7 0 0 Dust off the menorah; Hanukkah will be here before you know it! The holiday falls on the same week as Christmas this year, giving moms a lil extra time to fill their homes with enough gifts and gelt to last eight nights. In addition to the toys and games tots may have on their wish lists, these Hanukkah-themed books, toys, and apps will help them celebrate the miracle of the holiday. Check them out! Super Dreidel ($1) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 It was only a matter of time before dreidel playing went high tech! Super Dreidel, the iPhone/iPad app will have tots gathering around the screen to take their turn spinning the digitally whirling top. With three different versions of the game (including one that involves a bit of gambling), kids of all ages can play without worrying about remembering what action is required for the Gimmel or the Hey! 1 / 10 Festival of Light Gnomes ($24) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Menorahs are beautiful, but they aren't exactly kid-friendly with their eight flames. Etsy seller Zoombie's Festival of Light Gnomes are fun little wooden dolls that tots can play with throughout the holiday. 2 / 10 LEGO Mezuzahs ($35) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Who says a mezuzah has to be wooden or iron? These LEGO Mezuzahs are handmade with one of four LEGO guys affixed atop them and are ready to be placed at the entrance of your lil builder's door. 3 / 10 Eight Crazy Nights ($7.50) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 It wasn't a box office hit, but that doesn't mean it won't resonate with older tots celebrating Hanukkah. Adam Sandler's Eight Crazy Nights is an animated tale of three people over the course of the holiday filled with the comedian's funny, and sometimes crude, humor. 4 / 10 Emily Sper's Hanukkah Card Games ($15) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fill the home with the symbols of Hanukkah with Emily Sper's Hanukkah Card Games. The set comes with three decks — Rummy, Crazy 8's, and Go Fish — decorated with menorahs, gelt, doughnuts, and more, as well as a Hanukkah Handbook full of instructions for lighting the candles, playing dreidel, and making latkes. 6 / 10 Hanukkah Scratchers ($10) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 It's like playing the lotto, only better! Hanukkah Scratchers is filled with 40 pages of themed games, jokes, and activities all hidden behind scratch-off ink. Give them a quarter and watch them go to work! 6 / 10 Hanukkah Crayons ($5) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Get kids coloring with these adorable Dreidel Crayons. Each set comes in a blue plastic dreidel — perfect for kids who are too young for gelt! 7 / 10 Carter's Layered Look Hanukkah Tee ($8) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 There isn't much out there in the way of cute Hanukkah clothes, but Carter's Layered Look Hanukkah Tee does a great job of making it fun! 8 / 10 Staccabees Dreidel Game ($20) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Work on your motor skills after opening the presents with Staccabees Dreidel Game. Spin the dreidel to see how many bricks must be stacked and see how high you can get the tower! 9 / 10 Hebrew Bananagrams ($20) What's Your Reaction? 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bananagram fans rejoice! The popular word game will be out in Hebrew this year for the very first time! Hebrew Bananagrams is perfect for the tot who wants to practice her language skills outside of Hebrew school. 11 / 10 0 6 7 0 0 Read More Kid GearLil Gift GuideGift GuideHanukkah gift guide Make Your Coffee Table Gorgeous With These Beauty Books 1 week ago 101 Memoirs Penned by Famous Females 6/29 Double Tap! 15 Cool Things to Do With All Your Instagram Photos 6/17 What to Gift the Dad Who Lives For the Great Outdoors 6/15 15 Stylish Father's Day Gifts That Will Make Dad Proud 6/14 Foodie Father's Day Gifts For Every Type of Dad 6/10 kid gear 133 Baby Products Not Even in Stores Yet! 1/18 16 Great Gifts to Fill Kids' Stockings 12/16/13 Critics Make Over Frozen's (Blond, Blue-Eyed) Disney Princesses 7/25/13 Boys Beach Basics For Your Summer Vacation 7/14/13 Fun in the Sun: Summer Getaway Essentials For Girls 7/12/13 Pool Toys That Make a Splash! 6/10/13 Link Love Mom forced to stop feeding baby homemade formula — BabyCenter Blog The easiest ways to save on organic food — The Stir A look inside Fergie's second baby shower — Celebrity Baby Scoop Danielle Jonas debuts her baby bump — People Moms & Babies 7 light and fresh recipes to take you through Summer — FitPregnancy Does where you live affect your risk for PPD? — The Bump Where to find the best deals on school supplies — Real Simple Now this is how you announce a pregnancy! — HuffPost Parents


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A Senate committee voted 11-2 Wednesday to approve the legislation. It wouldn't allow employers with more than 15 employees to inquire about criminal history until the applicant is determined to be qualified.
The measure excludes construction, emergency medical services and security-related businesses. It also doesn't apply to jobs that currently require background checks under law.
Supporters say the measure would give former criminals a better chance to improve their lives.
But opponents say it could contradict certain background check requirements in the health care industry.
Chicago Democratic state Sen. Tony Munoz is sponsoring the legislation.
The bill is HB5701.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Follow @fox32news
KDFW FOX 4400 N. Griffin StreetDallas, Texas 75202
Main Station Directory:(214) 720-4444News Fax:(214) 720-3263 or (214) 720-3333


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COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) -- Authorities say a man's stabbing spree in a downtown office building has left four people injured, including an employee of the state attorney general.
The rampage started Wednesday in the admissions office of a technical school and stopped when the man was shot by a police officer on the street in front of the building, just blocks from the state Capitol.
Authorities say four men, including the attacker, are in critical condition and a fifth man suffered minor injuries.


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Click Here to view our Carnaval Photo Archive
Click Here to view the latest Carnaval Calendar of Events
The Spaniards found out about the revolt and their government retaliated by ordering the arrest of Hidalgo and his officers. Hidalgo in turn called a meeting at his church on the evening of September 15, ringing the church bell to call his parishioners to mass. He then rallied the congregation to fight, giving a speech known as the "Grito de Delores" or the "Cry of Delores," and the crowd responded with bursts of "Viva Mexico!" and Viva La Independencia!" These famous words are still remembered and are said each year as towns and cities across Mexico celebrate independence day.
Everyone fought together, including the Criollos (wealthy Mexicans of Spanish descent), Mestizos (children born from the marriage of a Spaniard and an Indian) and Indians. Armed with clubs, knives, stone slings, and ancient guns, they fought as they marched to Mexico City. A battle took place in Guanajuato between the Spanish soldiers and Hidalgo's followers. The army sacked the town, killing the Spaniard soldiers. They continued to fight on their way to the capital. When they finally reached Mexico City, the army hesitated before going in to fight and some of them even deserted the army. Before the year was over, Father Hidalgo was captured and executed. Some continued to fight for the cause and Father Hidalgo's Grito de Delores became the battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence. The people fought for eleven years before they finally won their freedom.
In modern-day Mexico, Independence Day is a major celebration and is given far more historical importance than Cinco de Mayo. The party begins on September 15, the eve of independence day, when crowds gather in zocalos and plazas all across Mexico. The villages are decorated with red, white and green flags and colorful flowers, and music fills the air. But when the clock begins to strike eleven at night, silence falls over the citizens and the town mayor steps forward to ring the symbolic liberty bell and give the "Grito de Delores" as the crowd responds with "Viva Mexico!"
The actual day of September 16 is similar to July Fourth in the United States, featuring rodeos, parades, bullfights, dances and grand feasts.
Contact Sherri Davis
Set a Meeting or
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Routes Sorted
L to R R to L Alpha
Table Manners starts on the blank face just right of Brain Cloud Arete and Shadow of a Hangdog. I can almost always find the good in a climb, and while this has some, Table Manners struck me as highly contrived. A bolted face is not really climbed, but the very pro-able crack to the right is climbed. This is followed by a highly contrived finger traverse that steps left, picks up a bolt, and steps back right to the continuation of the trad corner. The roof above is bolted for an apparent direct ascent, but the climbing in fact takes off in a very pro-able crack to the left. This whole route can be done trad following the natural features of the rock. I'm sorry to say that it was not impressive.
Bring 7 or 8 draws and something for the double bolt anchor at the top.


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The story of the Houston anchor that had been stalked for years sent chills up and down the neck of many women and men. Although the majority of stalkers are men, women stalk too and no matter who is the stalker, the threat to the person being stalked is the same. In the past police protection was limited until the stalker hurt the victim's property, but laws are changing and police are still the best source of protection for the victim being stalked. I have heard women joke about doing the drive by with a past boyfriend, but when those drive bys grow more intense and you are sneaking into the person's house or following them to work and harassing their new love, it is time to seek help.
Understanding the way a stalker thinks is important in understanding what you should do as a person being stalked. There are several kinds of stalkers and some of them are more dangerous to their victims than others. One thing is pretty universal. It begins with an obsession. Stalkers are usually socially alone, most likely live alone, and they can be very charming when they first meet you. This is why they are unexpected. The most common time to stalk is after a breakup and they begin by being a rejected stalker. Their perception of feeling insulted after the breakup and their need to get even is what motivates them to begin harassing their ex.
2. The intimacy-seeking stalker is usually delusional. They actually get it into their head that the victim loves them or will love them if they pursue her/him.
3. The socially backward stalker is socially awkward and has no idea what the social norms are with dating. Their stalking is more a result of their social ineptness.
4. The predator. This stalker is the most dangerous and he uses sexual gratification and violence to get his way. He is abusive and many times has never met his obsession. This guy is disturbing because he plans meticulously how he will stalk, and he experiences sexual fantasies with the planning and rehearsing of his plan.
If you begin getting any of these warning signs from someone you dated or someone you don't know, but work in a visible field such as media, medical staff, post office employee, teacher, or other related fields, it is wise to take caution.
1. You begin getting phone calls or numerous emails immediately after seeing the person.
2. They become clingy and somewhat forceful with wanting to see you, and are upset if you aren't available.
3. They make demands that are unreasonable for the amount of time you know them (don't be flattered by thinking you are so delightful they cannot help themselves).
There are things you can do immediately with these red flags that will help you in the future. The first thing is to recognize it isn't normal behavior. Some stalkers are charming and can fool you.
1. Tell everyone you know what's going on. Tell your friends, parents, employer, or anyone who makes you feel safer.
2. If the stalker begins making any threats toward, you call the police. Thinking it's no big deal or that you can handle it is not wise. No one can know the extremes a stalker will attempt, so it is better safe than sorry.
3. Don't allow yourself to entertain the stalker by conversing with them. Be firm that you want nothing to do with them. When the stalker perceives you are rejecting him/her, they may use violence against you (stalkers are not emotionally healthy), so this is an excellent time to talk to the police and let them know of any conversations you have had.
4. Save everything written or said by the stalker. If you press charges, the more evidence you have of his/her threats and behavior, the more likely he/she will be held accountable.
As I mentioned early in this article, stalking is sometimes related to funny stories, but there is nothing funny about stalking. It is a form of harassment and can lead to death. If you have stalking tendencies, there are things you can do to prevent yourself from being a stalker as well. The majority of them have an obsessive pattern which they lose control of. They become co-dependent upon the person, which means they believe they cannot exist without the other person. Going to a Co-Dependency group can help as can going to AA or Al-Anon. Stalkers usually self medicate with drugs and/or drinking as well. Building a social network is important also, as many stalkers live isolated lives. With all problems, the first step is to look inside and be honest with yourself that you have a problem. With this situation, being honest with yourself may save your life as well as the person you are having a relationship with.
– Mary Jo Rapini
• In Texas a great co-dependency support group is CoDA of Texas. Search for the group on Google to find dates and times of support groups.
KRIV FOX 264261 Southwest FreewayHouston, TX 77027Phone: (713) 479-2801Fax: (713) 479-2859


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Google's latest brilliant innovation is incorporating a "Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon" calculator into their search.
Yes, as in Kevin Bacon the famous "Footloose" actor and the popular game that references how everyone is connected to any other person through at most six other people.
So, if you want to see how any famous person—from President Barack Obama (whose Bacon number is two, for the record) to Kim Kardashian (also a two)—is linked to the 54-year-old actor, simply type "bacon number" and then the celebrity's name into Google's search bar.
"It's interesting that this small-world phenomena when applied to the world of actors actually shows that in most cases, most actors aren't that far apart from each other," Matias said. "And most of them have a relatively small Bacon number," Matias tells The Hollywood Reporter. "If you think about search in the traditional sense, for years it has been to try and match, find pages and sources where you would find the text."
So we gave the Baconator (our term, not theirs) a try ourselves and plugged in Business Insider favorite Kate Upton ...
Here's what popped up next ...
Upon closer inspection at the very top of the search, you can see exactly how the swimsuit model is connected to the actor:
Pretty snazzy. Now give it a try yourself here.


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$349 for Your Choice of 1 CC Syringe of Restylane, Perlane or Radiesse ($700 Value)
- Retail $700.00
- You save 50%
- You Pay $349.00
Expires 3 months from date purchased
Limit 1 per customer, may purchase 2 additional as gifts. New customers only. This voucher has no cash value. Cannot be combined with other offers. All services must be redeemed in 1 visit. By appointment only. Gratuity not included. Please tip non-discounted value of offer. 24hr cancellation policy in effect.
More Great Deals From Midwest Medical Aesthetics Center
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Questions, comments and tips about airlines or baggage. Share your Airport experiences with others, or post a question and get notified when there is a response.
Discussion Topics
Last Post
short connectionJan 28, 20142Hi, I'm flying from MTY to LAX with a 1h 5 min stop in Houston. I'm flying with UA all the way, arriving and leaving from IAH. Do I have to go through customs and recheck my luggage ect...? In that case is that connection time possible?EmilieTue, Jan 28Yes, in Houston you will have to go through US Immigration, claim your baggage, clear customs and re-check your baggage, then go to the departure level and go through security and to your gate. 1 hr 5 minutes probably isn't enough time to do all that. Did United change your flights' schedule? If so you should call them and ask for an earlier flight from MTY or a later flight to LAX.ZAPTue, Jan 281. International Arrivals arrive either at Terminals D or E. From there they go through secure corridors, walk across the sky bridges to adjoining Federal Inspection Services (FIS), where they will claim baggage & clear U.S. Customs. If continuing your journey, re-check in your baggage at the recheck counters and proceed to the Arrivals Lobby, which has an escalator down to the Inter-Terminal Train taking you to your connecting terminal. (As United uses all of IAH's terminals, look at overhead screen to find your connecting flight & gate number.) 2. For International departures: United Airlines at Terminal E; all other airlines at Terminal D.)tujan14Tue, Jan 28


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AnyConnect ICS+
100,000 - 500,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
+ By Cisco Systems, Inc.
Android 4.X, with the following exceptions:
- ASUS Transformer TF-201 < 4.0.3
- Archos G9 < 4.0.5
- Sony (certain devices) - tun missing from certain devices
- When reconnecting, an unwanted noise or vibration occurs. This was addressed by Google in Android 4.0.3+
- The AnyConnect icon in the notification tray is unusually large. This is a limitation with the VPN Framework.
- Some freezes are known to occur on the Diagnostics screen.
- If root is available, deny the 'su' requests for standard features.
The following features are not supported using this package:
- Filter Support
- Trusted Network Detection
- Split Exclude
- Local LAN Exception
- Secure Gateway Web Portal (inaccessible when tunneled)
AnyConnect provides reliable and easy-to-deploy encrypted network connectivity from devices by delivering persistent corporate access for users on the go. Whether providing access to business email, a virtual desktop session, or most other Android applications, AnyConnect enables business-critical application connectivity.
AnyConnect for Android requires Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Boot image 8.0(4) or later. For licensing questions and evaluation licenses, please contact ac-mobile-license-request (AT) cisco.com and include a copy of "show version" from your Cisco ASA. If you already have an Essentials or Premium ASA license, you may use the automated license request tool at:
The ASA requires an AnyConnect Mobile license (L-ASA-AC-M-55XX=), as well as either an AnyConnect Essentials (L-ASA-AC-E-55XX=) or AnyConnect Premium Clientless SSL VPN Edition (L-ASA-AC-SSL-YYYY=) license, where XX is the last two digits of your ASA model number and YYYY is the number of simultaneous users. AnyConnect Mobile and Essentials licenses are enabled per ASA, there is no per user charge for either of these licenses.
- Automatically adapts its VPN tunneling to the most efficient method based on network constraints, using TLS and DTLS
- DTLS provides an optimized network connection
- IPsec/IKEv2 also available
- Network roaming capability allows connectivity to resume seamlessly after IP address change, loss of connectivity, or device standby
- Wide range of authentication options
- Supports certificate deployment using AnyConnect integrated SCEP and the certificate import URI handler
- Policies can be configured locally, and automatically updated from the security gateway
- Access to internal IPv4/IPv6 network resources
- Administratively controlled tunnel policy
- Localizes according to the device's language and region settings
If you are an end-user and have any issues or concerns, please contact your organization's support department. If you are a System Administrator having difficulties configuring or utilizing the Application, please contact your designated support point of contact.
You can provide us with feedback by sending us a log bundle by navigating to "Menu > Diagnostics > Send Logs" and choose "Feedback to Cisco" with a description of the issue. Please read the Known Issues section prior to sending feedback.
You can reach us on Twitter by directing a tweet to @AnyConnect, or by visiting our Facebook page at http://www.facebook.com/anyconnect.
Release Notes: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/vpn_client/anyconnect/anyconnect30/release/notes/rn-ac3.0-android.html
User Guide: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/vpn_client/anyconnect/anyconnect30/user/xmart/b_Android_User_Guide.html
Tags: anyconnect ics, sony alltun missing, die einstellungen für die systemkonfiguration konnten nicht angewendet werden, anyconnect, cisco anyconnect ics, anyconnect die einstellungen für die systemkonfiguration konnten nicht angewendet werden, anyconnect ics скачать, anyconnect no license error, anyconnect no license, cisco anyconnect die einstellung für die systemkonfiguration konnte nicht angewendet werden.
Please email any questions or problem reports (email@example.com)
3.0.09431 resolves AnyConnect - Multiple Vulnerabilities in OpenSSL - June 2014
Cisco recommends that you upgrade to this latest release of AnyConnect
Some lists where this application appears: VPN clients.
(67 stars)
After update to latest release, automatic reconnect is not working. i.e. when my network switches between Wi-Fi & 3G, i have re-authenticate, unlike earlier release
(67 stars)
Problem with Android 4.4.3
(67 stars)
The apps works great with KitKat 4.4.2 but consistently get an error "System configuration settings could not be applied. A VPN connection could not be established" after upgrade to KitKat 4.4.3 on my Nexus 5. Hopefully, Cisco will release a new version fixing this issue soon. Liem
(67 stars)
Stop working after updating to 4.4.3 on Nexus 5. Saying "System configuration could not be applied. A vpn connection will not be established"
(67 stars)
Works very well.
(67 stars)
The update makes the app. Fast . Really great .
(67 stars)
After the update, now this app just works flawlessly


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Campus Safety
Western International University® (West) is strongly committed to crime prevention and to the safety of the University community. The University considers the personal physical safety of its students and employees as a primary condition for a successful learning environment. It is our hope that a well-informed University community will be a safe one.
The West Annual Security Report is comprised of two sections: Campus Crime Statistics and Campus Safety Policies.
The Western International University Campus Crime Statistics cover crimes reported to the University that occurred on campus, in certain off-campus buildings or property owned or controlled by the University, and on public property within or immediately adjacent to and accessible from the campus, over the previous three years.
Statement of Policy Addressing Sex Offender Registration
The Federal Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act requires colleges and universities to issue a statement advising the campus community where state law enforcement agency information concerning registered sex offenders may be obtained. The Act also mandates that sex offenders who are already required to register in a state to provide notice of each institution of higher education in that state at which the offender is employed or is a student. To learn the identity of registered sex offenders on or near a campus, or anywhere in the United States, visit the Sex Offender databases at http://www.sexoffender.com and http://nsopr.gov. You can search by city, county, or zip code. This information is collected by other agencies and this institution cannot guarantee this information is correct or complete. The information provided here is intended to be in compliance with the Campus Security Act and for campus safety purposes only. It should not be used to intimidate, threaten or harass. Misuse of this information may result in prosecution.
TITLE IX - Sex Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, and Sexual Assault
In accordance with federal law, including Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Western International University does not discriminate on the basis of sex in its education programs and activities. Individuals with questions, concerns or a complaint related to sex discrimination, sexual harassment, or sexual assault may contact the University's Title IX Coordinator:
Diane Kelly
Title IX Coordinator
Western International University
Mail Stop: CF-SX01
4025 S. Riverpoint Parkway
Phoenix, Arizona 85040
Phone: (602).429.1099
Fax: (602).383.9756
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Campus Security Authority Contact
Western International University Campus Security Authority
Ryan Barrett
Phone: (602) 943-2311 x4291201
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Videos > Sabrina Rose > Scorching hottie Sabrina Rose gets a raining load of jizz all over her chest
Deepthroat Frenzy There's only one way to these girls' hearts, and that's down their throats. Watch these swallowing sluts take a full length as far as it goes and then some more - and a minor issue like gagging ain't gonna stop 'em.
Featured Pornstars:
- Sabrina Rose


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Will the wars of the 21st century be fought over water? The health of the human race and the global eco-system largely depends on access to clean water and sanitation. Yet, according to the United Nations Development Program, over 1 billion people worldwide lack access to clean water, and 2.4 billion lack access to basic sanitation. This disproportion of critical resources heavily impacts poverty and economic and social development, jeopardizing political stability in water-deficient countries.
Though vast in scale, water inequality is being tackled by organizations all over the world, and they need your help. Browse this page to learn what you can do!
charity: water says...
Corporate Accountability Int'l says...
Water 1st International says...
H2O For Life says...
H2O Africa Foundation says...
Global Water Challenge says...
EARTH FOCUS: Carbon for Water
A new film by Evan Abramson and Carmen Elsa Lopez looks at the world's first carbon financed water scheme. Vestergaad Frandsen -- a company that makes products to prevent disease in the developing world -- shows how providing safe drinking water while cutting more than two million tons of carbon emissions a year is just good business.
Learn more at www.carbonforwater.com
More on water from Earth Focus:
2005-2015 - International Decade for Action: "Water for Life"
Learn more about this decade, which was established to acknowledge the magnitude of Target 3 of Goal 7 of the UN Millenium Development Goals.
World Water Day mobilizes people around the world every year to help bring clean water to the millions who lack it.
Activate yourself through these organizations leading the fight for clean water rights:
Stockholm Internationall Water Institute
Int'll Decade for Action - Water for Life 2005-15
UN Economic Commission
Corporate Accountability Int'l
UN Millenium Development Goals
Rainwater Harvest in IndonesiaClean Fresh Water in Nepal
The Planet
Other Programs


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'Plants vs. Zombies' Debuts in Mac App StoreThursday, February 17th, 2011
Plants vs. Zombies, the wildly-popular tower defense game by PopCap Games that has been a regular among the top paid iOS games, debuted in the Mac App Store today. Plants vs. Zombies is currently priced at $9.99 and joins a few other PopCap Games there including Peggle, Peggle Nights, and Bejeweled 3.
Plants vs. Zombies was first released in 2009 and debuted in the iOS App store for the iPhone in February 2010, making an impressive debut with over 300,000 downloads within the first nine days alone. An HD version for the iPad arrived in April 2010 and has remained in the Top 200 Paid iPad Games since that time.
Plants vs. Zombies in the Mac App Store requires OS X 10.6.6 or later though it is available for OS X 10.4.11 and later directly from PopCap Games here (where the cost of the game is currently $19.95).
Plants vs. Zombies
- Last Changed:
- 30 months ago
- Rating:
- 4.50 (352)
- Version:
- 1.0.40
Mac OS
Get ready to soil your plants in an all-new action-strategy game from PopCap! A mob of fun-loving zombies is about to invade your home, and your only defense is an arsenal of 49 zombie-zapping...
Plants vs. Zombies
- Last Changed:
- 12 months ago
- Rating:
- 4.50 (3303)
- Version:
- 1.9.9
iOS iPhone
Get ready to soil your plants as a mob of fun-loving zombies is about to invade your home. Use your arsenal of 49 zombie-zapping plants — peashooters, wall-nuts, cherry bombs and more — to...
Plants vs. Zombies HD
- Last Changed:
- 12 months ago
- Rating:
- 4.50 (2845)
- Version:
- 1.9.7
iOS iPad
Get ready to soil your plants in this high-definition, multi-touch adaptation of the PopCap hit! Winner of over 30 Game of the Year awards.* Plants vs. Zombies™ was spawned from the fertile minds...


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Meet Bristol Motor Speedway's new mascots, Bump and Run.
The brother and sister raccoons made their debut Thursday at Food City Race Night in Knoxville.
Speedway officials say like many brothers and sisters, Bump and Run have very different personalities. Run often finds herself in a position of helping the mischievous Bump out of a mess in which he has inserted himself, yet again. Not that Run is completely above playing her own practical jokes. She just is more subtle about it.
BMS staff says the pair often play tricks on members of the BMS crew as they prepare the facility for another race weekend. Bump and Run both enjoy following employees, walking in pace with their steps, stopping when the employees stop so they will not know they are being followed.
Bump tends to be more daring, venturing further from home than Run but guests are likely to see either of them anywhere on Bristol Motor Speedway and Dragway property.
Bump and Run have been living on the BMS property since 2011, but Thursday marked their first appearance as official mascots. According to the speedway, Bump and Run are offspring of two other raccoons at BMS affectionately named Thunder and Valley.
Raccoons are the official wild animal of the state of Tennessee and a fitting symbol for a facility located in the mountains of Northeast Tennessee.
WSLS 10, P.O. Box 10Roanoke, VA 24022-0010
Telephone: 540.981.9110
Fax: 540.343.3157
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Northern Shore Lodge in Hillman
- bedrooms 13
- baths 7½
- sleeps 35
- pool no
- hot tub yes
- pets allowed no
- type Hotel
- community
rates (USD)
/ night
$ 4,200 - $ 9,450 / week
vacation rental description
The Lodge is nestled between two beautiful lakes (Ess Lake and Long Lake) that offer fishing, boating, kayaking, swimming and relaxing in the sun! The grounds are decorated with abundant flower gardens and lush green grass perfect for volleyball, softball, frisbee, bocce ball or any other family oriented recreational event! All kinds of wild life surround us all year round - don't be surprised if you see a mother deer and her fawns in the spring, hummingbirds at the feeders all summer long and next door to us are lovely horses that enjoy visitors and the occassional apple!
vacation rental location
property availability
- dates with deals
- unavailable dates
Last modified on 08-2-2010 at 1:52 PM.
email owner view full calendar
Mel Blaut (248)722-1995
hotel rental amenities
The bedrooms in the Lodge are all themed with an up north feel throughout. There is the hot tub room to chase away the winter chills; the 3rd floor to have group gatherings complete with cozy sectional and seating, cable and movie library, wet bar, poker table/game table, board game closet and two fireplaces!
We have 10 kayaks, canoes, paddleboats, 3 pontoon boats, a power boat and then two bonfire pits to enjoy at the end of a happy day!
Everyone can eat out on the deck while grilling and watching the gorgeous sunsets! Afterwards you can grab the marshmallows and have a bonfire down on the beach and a swim!
activities and attractions in Hillman Michigan
The Lodge has plenty of room outside on the grounds for any activity from volleyball to wedding receptions. We are next to a wonderful state park to go hiking, walking, and cross country skiing. The beach on Ess Lake is beautiful and there are plenty of chaise lounges and chairs to relax with while reading a great book or watching the kids play with our water toys.
The town of Hillman is quaint and full of fun places to explore! There is a "Woods and Water" store to get bait and licenses and anything else you might need to enjoy fishing. There are churches of all denominations as well as the original working waterwheel mill that has been renovated and has a museum and gift shop as well. There is golfing near-by too.
vacation rental rates
There are off season rates and in season rates and both require a minimum of 2 nights.
In season is from Memorial Day Weekend to Labor Day Weekend.
The Lodge is uniquely designed to includes 9 bedrooms that sleep 22 or if you have a larger group, the second side of the lodge can be added which adds 4 more bedrooms plus 3 pull-out sofas and can sleep a grand total of 38!!
Rental of the Lodge includes usage of all the boats at no charge!
Mel Blaut (248)722-1995
accepted payment methods
Prior to paying a reservation deposit, always verify payment instructions by calling the phone number displayed on this listing page. By contacting the owner directly and paying by an approved method - credit card, paypal, check or bank transfer - your reservation payment will be protected up to $1,000.Learn more in our Security Center
Top things to do in Hillman
- Visit the original waterwheel mill.
- Fantastic and fun annual events!
- Visit the elk herd farm closeup!
- Relax, golf/eat at Thunder Bay!
- Antique eateries and watering holes/shops!
Top things to do on a budget
- Swim, kayak, canoe, paddleboat.
- Catch fish while trolling!
- Baseball, frisbee, hiking, riding.
- Bocce ball contest, ladder golf.
- Picnic on the pontoon boat!
Top things to do with a family
- Kayaking around the lake.
- Bonfire roasting marshmallows.
- Playing volleyball, soccer, etc.
- Barbeque watching the sunset.
- Spend a day at the beach!
Mel Blaut , owner


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Draft Day: Ivan Reitman on Sports & Female Ghostbusters
Ivan Reitman says director Paul Feig has 'some very good ideas' about the 'Ghostbusters' reboot.
Draft Day: Ivan Reitman on Sports & Female Ghostbusters
Ivan Reitman says director Paul Feig has 'some very good ideas' about the 'Ghostbusters' reboot.
Telluride 2014 Interview: Jon Stewart on 'Rosewater'
Jon Stewart expresses his guilt about the 'Daily Show' appearance that led to Maziar Bahari's imprisonment and explains why he's better at directing than acting.
The Two Faces of January: Hossein Amini on Adapting Patricia Highsmith
The screenwriter-turned-director describes the changes to the book, the troubled production of '47 Ronin' and why a 'Drive' sequel may never happen.
Exclusive Interview: Morris Chestnut on 'Legends' and Under Siege 2
We talk to the new addition on TNT's "Legends" about joining the show and Steven Seagal's rewrites on the set of Under Siege 2.
The November Man: Luke Bracey on Point Break & November Man 2
Luke Bracey talks about his transition from soap operas to action movies, and why he thought he blew his audition to 'The November Man.'
November Man: Pierce Brosnan on Quentin Tarantino's Casino Royale
Pierce Brosnan says he'd rather do The ExpendaBelles than The Expendables 4 and relives his six-martini meeting with Quentin Tarantino about Casino Royale.
Sin City: A Dame to Kill For – Jessica Alba Interview
Jessica Alba explains the origin of Nancy's sexiest dance in Sin City: A Dame to Kill For.
Frank: Lenny Abrahmson on Fassbender-ness & Fake SXSW
The director of Frank swears it's always Michael Fassbender underneath that giant plastic head.
Exclusive Interview: Carl Weathers on 'Toy Story of Terror' & Creed
We talk to the legendary action icon about his dual role as Combat Carl and Combat Carl Jr. on the Halloween special "Toy Story of Terror," now on DVD and Blu-ray.
Sin City: A Dame to Kill For – Eva Green Interview
VIDEO: Eva Green talks about playing the ultimate femme fatale.
Love is Strange: John Lithgow on Gentle Men and Interstellar
John Lithgow discusses his unique new drama and says the story of Interstellar is 'very, very complicated.'
Sin City: A Dame to Kill For – Frank Miller & Robert Rodriguez Interview
The directors of Sin City: A Dame to Kill For discuss Sin City's secrets and why Clive Owen doesn't show up in the sequel.
The Expendables 3: Patrick Hughes on The Expendables 4
The director of The Expendables 3 wants the Expendables to go back in time and fight Hitler in the fourth installment.
Matt's Chance: Lee Majors on the Six Million Dollar Man Movie
Lee Majors explains why Six Million Dollar Man is taking so long to hit the big screen and talks all about cutting Edward Furlong's hair.
Neal Brennan on 'Nerd Chic,' Selfies & 'Chappelle's Show'
Neal Brennan and his new show on Sundance Channel look to dissect popular culture with "The Approval Matrix."
Muppets Most Wanted: Kermit the Frog Interview
Kermit the Frog teaches William Bibbiani the right way to do 'Muppet Arms.'
The Expendables 3: Ronda Rousey on Stallone's Words of Wisdom
MMA champion Ronda Rousey reveals Sylvester Stallone's greatest acting advice.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Screenwriters Interview
Screenwriters Josh Applebaum, Evan Daugherty and André Nemec explain all the big (and small) changes they made to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' origin.
Calvary: Brendan Gleeson on Swearing Priests & The Punisher
Brendan Gleeson corrects his credits on IMDb and delves into the mystery and reality of his new film, Calvary.
Noah: Screenwriter Ari Handel on Rock Monsters & Berries
Screenwriter Ari Handel explains how the stranger moments of Noah sprang from The Book of Genesis, and why Rock Monsters are in the movie.


text:
Hundreds of local truckers threaten quasi-strike, saying job security and clean air aren't mutually exclusive
As a kid, Turcilo Caldera would climb into his father's big rig and accompany him on runs to the Port of Oakland. "He would sit me on his lap and show me how to drive," he remembered.
Originally from Nicaragua, Caldera came to California at age 5 and grew up in San Francisco's Excelsior District. Now 30, he too is a trucker.
Speaking by phone around 8:30pm on a recent Friday, on his way to Stockton to drop off a shipment, he recounted how he'd arrived at the port at 5am and waited in line until 8:30am, only to move to a different line to pick up a load. "I ended up leaving the terminal around 10," he said. That's when he started getting paid.
Companies pay by the load, regardless of the time it takes to wait in line. Caldera works 12 to 13 hours a day.
He recently became a member of the Port of Oakland Truckers Association. It's not a union, since truckers are classified as owner-operators rather than employees of the companies that hire them. Nevertheless POTA, which represents several hundred owner-operators, reflects the truckers' attempt to ban together for better working conditions.
Truckers never know what they're hauling, but it's safe to assume that major retailers — Walmart, IKEA — are expecting shipments in advance of a holiday shopping blitz. While some companies anticipate a bump in profits, POTA and hundreds of other port truckers are facing potential job loss come New Year's Day.
At a Nov. 22 meeting, POTA membership voted unanimously to begin a work stoppage at the port, starting Wednesday (11/27). "We don't want to stop working, we need to make a living," said Roberto Ruiz, a POTA member. "But this is the only thing they respond to."
On Jan. 1, 2014, when new clean air regulations go into effect, hundreds of independent truck drivers will lose work as their vehicles fall out of compliance. They can't afford to pay out of pocket for trucks that are compliant with new emission control regulations. Many face a tough time getting loans, and those who have dodged the bullet by securing a loan now find themselves in a worse financial crunch than before.
Many could be forced out of jobs completely. By the Port's estimates, around 80 percent of the roughly 6,000 registered to service the Port are set to be in compliance. POTA estimates 800 truckers could be impacted.
POTA's vote to stop work followed a series of meetings with Oakland Mayor Jean Quan and Deputy Mayor Sandré Swanson, as well as representatives from the Port and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to try and hash out a solution.
In meetings, POTA asked city officials and CARB to identify funding to help those in danger of job loss retrofit their vehicles to comply with the clean-air regulations. They also proposed some solutions: They want fees billed to shipping customers for the time truckers must spend waiting in line for the loads they haul, to help offset the cost of buying and maintaining compliant trucks.
The Jan. 1 ban on older trucks is part of a broader effort to alleviate air pollution in surrounding West Oakland, where cancer and asthma rates are abnormally high. The Port's system of loading cargo shipments results in long lines idling for hours, leading to a chronic congestion problem that has fouled the air. Before the problem was addressed, "Ports were where old trucks went to die," explained Isaac Kos-Read, a Port of Oakland spokesperson. "Old trucks were the worst polluters on the road."
Mark Goldes, starting in the mid-seventies, engaged for several years in the pretense that his company SunWind Ltd was developing a nearly production-ready, road-worthy, wind-powered "windmobile," based on the windmobile invented by James Amick; and that therefore SunWind would be a wonderful investment opportunity.
After SunWind "dried up" in 1983, Goldes embarked on the long-running pretense that his company Room Temperature Superconductors Inc was developing room-temperature superconductors; and that therefore Room Temperature Superconductors Inc would be a wonderful investment opportunity. He continues the pretense that the company developed something useful, even to this day.
And then Goldes embarked on the pretense that his company Magnetic Power Inc was developing "NO FUEL ENGINES" based on "Virtual Photon Flux;" and then, on the pretense that MPI was developing horn-powered "NO FUEL ENGINES" based on the resonance of magnetized tuning-rods; and then, on the pretense that his company Chava Energy was developing water-fueled engines based on "collapsing hydrogen orbitals" (which are ruled out by quantum physics); and then, on the pretense that he was developing ambient-heat-powered "NO FUEL ENGINES" (which are ruled out by the Second Law of Thermodynamics).
But of course, the laws of physics always make an exception for the make-believe pretenses of Mark Goldes.
Goldes' forty-year career of "revolutionary invention" pretense has nothing to do with science, but only with pseudoscience and pseudophysics - his lifelong stock-in-trade.
Mark Goldes' "Aesop Institute" has engaged for many years in the very dishonest and unscrupulous practice of soliciting loans and donations under an endless series of false pretenses, that it is developing and even "prototyping" various "revolutionary breakthroughs," such as "NO FUEL ENGINES" that run on ambient heat alone - or run on "Virtual Photon Flux" - or on "Collapsing Hydrogen Orbitals" - or even on the acoustic energy of sound from a horn.
Aesop Institute's make-believe strictly ambient heat engine is ruled out by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This has been understood by physicists for at least 180 years. There is no "new science" that has ever determined such an engine to be possible.
Aesop Institute's make-believe "Virtual Photon Flux" engine is based on the idea that accessible electric power "is everywhere present in unlimited quantities" - which we know to be false.
Aesop Institute's make-believe "Collapsing Hydrogen Orbital" engine is based on Randell Mills' theory of "hydrino" hydrogen, which every scientist knows to be false.
Aesop Institute's make-believe horn-powered engine is based on the pretense that a magnetized tuning rod could somehow "multiply energy" - a ludicrous notion, which is obviously ruled out by the law of conservation of energy.
Aesop Institute has never offered the slightest shadow of evidence that it is actually developing or "prototyping" any of these make-believe physics-defying "revolutionary breakthroughs." All it has ever offered are mere declarations that it is doing so - unsupported by any proof whatever, of any kind whatever.
Let's look at another example of Mark Goldes' wonderful offerings in "revolutionary new technology:"
The amazing "POWERGENIE!"
One of the most laughable of Mark Goldes' many pseudotypes is his "POWERGENIE" horn-powered generator. The brilliant idea of this revolutionary breakthrough is to blow a horn at a magnetized tuning rod, designed to resonate at the frequency of the horn, and then collect the electromotive energy produced by the vibrations of the rod.
We're not making this up.
POWERGENIE tuning rod engine explained - from the patent:
[The device incorporates] "an energy transfer and multiplier element being constructed of a ferromagnetic substance... having a natural resonance, due to a physical structure whose dimensions are directly proportional to the wavelength of the resonance frequency...
"In this resonant condition, the rod material functions as a tuned waveguide, or longitudinal resonator, for acoustic energy...
"Ferrite rod 800 is driven to acoustic resonance at the second harmonic of its fundamental resonant frequency by acoustic horn 811..."
- But the patent doesn't tell us who will volunteer to blow the horn at the rod all day. Perhaps it will come with an elephant.
Mark Goldes claimed in 2008 that this wonderful triumph of human genius would bring his company, Magnetic Power Inc, one billion dollars in annual revenue by 2012. Magnetic Power is now defunct, having never produced any "Magnetic Power Modules" - just as Goldes' company called "Room Temperature Superconductors Inc" is also now defunct, having never produced any "room temperature superconductors."
In Mark Goldes' patent application for his ludicrous "POWERGENIE" horn-powered tuning-rod engine, he described the tuning-rod as "an energy transfer and multiplier element."
But of course, for the tuning-rod to "multiply" energy, it would need to disprove the law of conservation of energy.
Goldes' use of the term "energy multiplier element" reflected his pretense that the "revolutionary breakthrough" of the amazing "POWERGENIE" could disprove the law of conservation of energy, by presenting the world with a working "energy multiplier."
Goldes even claimed in 2008 that the POWERGENIE had been demonstrated already in an electric car, driven 4800 miles by his energy-multiplying horn-powered tuning-rod.
But it seems that most people, for some reason, had difficulty accepting the notion that the law of conservation of energy could be proven false.
And Goldes no doubt noticed that the Second Law of Thermodynamics - that "the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase with time and can never decrease" - is much less clear to most people than the conservation of energy.
So now, after leaving aside the pretense that he could somehow "multiply energy" with a magnetized tuning-rod, Goldes has chosen to focus, instead, on the pretense that he can disprove the Second Law with an engine powered only by ambient heat.
There is no "new science" in any of Goldes' "revolutionary breakthroughs." There is only pseudoscience and pretense - and nothing new, at all.
The Kelvin-Planck formulation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics may be stated as follows:
"No cyclic process driven simply by heat can accomplish the absorption of the heat from a reservoir and the conversion of such heat into work - without any other result (such as a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir)."
Now, as you will see, the Clausius formulation of the Second Law may be stated with fewer words:
"No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a cooler to a hotter body."
In fact, we can show that the Kelvin-Planck formulation may be deduced from that of Clausius. In the words of Enrico Fermi:
"Suppose that Kelvin's postulate were not valid. Then we could perform a transformation whose only final result would be to transform completely into work a definite amount of heat taken from a single source at the temperature t1. By means of friction we could then transform this work into heat again and with this heat raise the temperature of a given body, regardless of what its initial temperature, t2, may have been. In particular, we could take t2 to be higher than t1. Thus, the only final result of this process would be the transfer of heat from one body (the source at temperature t1) to another body at a higher temperature, t2. This would be a violation of the Clausius postulate."
Can anyone make a teapot that boils water by absorbing heat from blocks of ice?
Why The Second Law of Thermodynamics Rules Out Strictly Ambient Heat Engines
Expecting an ambient heat engine to do any work, with only one heat reservoir, is exactly equivalent to expecting a teapot to boil water by absorbing heat from a block of ice.
Both processes are ruled out by the very same law - the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
An ambient heat engine, with only one heat reservoir, would not merely have to "circumvent" the Second Law of Thermodynamics - it would actually have to DISPROVE the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
An engine that only uses ambient heat would need to be able to DECREASE the entropy of the universe. The Second Law tells us that we can never decrease the entropy of the universe, or of an isolated system.
As a consequence of this law:
"It is impossible for any device operating on a cycle to produce net work from a single temperature reservoir; the production of net work requires flow of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder reservoir."
In a strictly ambient heat engine there are not two heat reservoirs at different temperatures; no reservoir would be available at any temperature other than the ambient temperature. Therefore the engine would have to DECREASE the total entropy - and therefore we know for certain that the engine will disappoint us. It will never be able to do any work.
Flow of heat from a block of ice to lukewarm water would also result in a DECREASE of the total entropy.
Once again: Expecting an ambient heat engine to do any work, with only one heat reservoir, is exactly equivalent to expecting a teapot to boil water by absorbing heat from a block of ice. Anyone who claims to be developing a "prototype" of such an engine is only developing a pretense, and nothing more.
Mark Goldes' proofless claims regarding his make-believe strictly ambient heat engine do not represent any new technology, or even a new pretense - they merely represent a rather old pretense.
"Before the establishment of the Second Law, many people who were interested in inventing a perpetual motion machine had tried to circumvent the restrictions of First Law of Thermodynamics by extracting the massive internal energy of the environment as the power of the machine. Such a machine is called a "perpetual motion machine of the second kind". The second law declared the impossibility of such machines."
"A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics (see also entropy). The signature of a perpetual motion machine of the second kind is that there is only one heat reservoir involved... This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is impossible, according to the second law of thermodynamics."
Goldes' make-believe strictly ambient heat engine would be a perpetual motion machine of the second kind, as defined above. Goldes is not developing any such engine; he is merely developing a pretense - as usual.
Does anyone else feel like the USA is headed downhill fast?
I think every American believes that people should have freedom of speech, freedom of religion, gun rights, protection against illegal searches and seizures, the right to trials, the right to vote, and protection against cruel and unusual punishment. Sadly, almost all of these rights have been outlawed in the past few years. The US government is restricting guns, spying on reporters, harassing protesters, banning protests, recording phone calls and emails without warrants, tracking postal mail, keeping "no fly" lists, blocking websites, has legalized indefinite detention without trials, and is killing and torturing Americans without trials. The signs that the USA is becoming a police state are so obvious, one would have to be blind not to see them.
These actions would have been unthinkable in 1999. Nixon was nearly impeached for bugging a hotel, but now every American is being wire-tapped. Where is the outrage? What used to be a conspiracy theory has now become a fact. Why even have a Bill of Rights anymore? Why obey the law if the government doesn't? Why pay taxes to a government that imprisons us? How can the USA take the moral high ground and lecture countries like China or North Korea about human rights now?
The US government has become blatantly corrupt, dishonest, inept, and evil. Is everyone in the US government being blackmailed and bribed? This is like a nightmare. The president needs to be impeached and the entire congress should be voted out. Why
doesn't anyone say anything? When will Americans start to care? Where do we draw the line? Are we just going to roll over and give up? What good will money do if we have no freedom? Millions of Americans should marching in Washington, DC everyday now. I am very disturbed by these actions to outlaw freedom. I feel like I have been slapped in the face. Nearly everything is illegal now and we are all considered to be terrorists. Obama and the media treats Americans like idiots, but everyone can see what is happening. If we don't protest these draconian and Unconstitutional laws, Americans don't deserve to be free.
I was taught that freedom and capitalism was good and now I see the USA becoming tyrannical and socialist. I just don't understand. Nothing would surprise me anymore. I used to be the biggest American patriot, but now I am ashamed of my country. I am absolutely stunned, depressed, scared, and disgusted about the changes happening to the US. These terrorism laws don't even protect us. How can the government find a terrorist if it is following everyone? Would you surrender all of your freedom for a slight chance of being safer?
I saw the dangers of the real estate bubble in 2008, but didn't say anything. Now after doing some research, I see the rise of a totalitarian state and want to warn everyone. I am a normal, level-headed person and I wouldn't be writing this is if I was not worried about the direction the US is headed. The massive US debt and the rise of a police state will not end well. One only needs to look at the history of Greece, Rome, Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union history to see America's future. The USA has attacked countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya. We can bomb Syria, Iran, North Korea, China, and Russia, but for how long? Does the USA even have any allies left in the world anymore? I thought we were the good guys. Did all of those American soldiers who defended freedom in wars overseas fight in vain?
The US needs to immediately restore the Constitutional rights of Americans. No one knows the future, but I feel like we are headed toward WWIII or a revolution. Americans need to think, wake up, stand up, protest, donate to the ACLU, write to their representatives, contact the media, vote, and talk with their friends and family TODAY. We have even gotten to the stage where I would recommend Americans to buy guns, stock up on necessities, purchase gold, and prepare to flee to another country. I am afraid that if the stock market crashes again, there is another terrorist attack, or there is a war, the US border will slam shut, government travel permits will be required, books will be burned, curfews will be enacted, national photo ID cards will be required to be carried by citizens, elections will be canceled, guns will be banned, citizens will be forced to be implanted with microchips, slave concentration camps will be opened, private property will be confiscated, the government will seize the media, churches will be outlawed, and Americans will be executed. What will you do then?
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Find summer in any season with Sperry Top-Sider's women's sandals. Whether you're preparing for spring break or a Honolulu honeymoon, our stylish strappy sandals and flip-flops for women are an ideal warm weather accessory. Order simple thong or casual wedge sandals today.