text:
Recalling the long career of the late evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr, who died in early February at the age of 100, after spending more than six decades as an intellectual leader in his field, a former colleague of Mayr's writes (March 13):
Way back in 1959, and exactly 100 years after the publication of Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species, [Mayr] was one of the key participants at the University of Chicago's Darwin Centennial. A font of evolutionary study, the university attracted thousands of international dignitaries to the event–all representing the diversity of interests unified by the new science.
It also included distinguished theologians and humanists, along with high school teachers, all of whom embraced the new science. It was so successful that evangelical fundamentalists in the area had a panic attack. They and others immediately countered with their own made-up "alternative" that came to be known as "creation science." They've since made their careers doing nothing to gain us any understanding of the natural world, but doing lots to confuse the public about the legitimacy of evolution as a science.
Well. I can't say for sure whatever happened to the distinguished theologians and humanists and the others who, way, way, way back in 1959, embraced and defended some of the core tenets of evolutionary theory—and basic human rationality, therefore, while they were at it. But since the complex, global pathology called the "United States of America" leads the world these days in fundamentalists and "creation scientists" and necromancers and the like—and it never hurts to remember that this same pathological complex also leads the world, both in the number of concurrent wars of foreign aggression that it is waging, and in the number of its own residents that it locks up behind bars—I can't help but wonder how much of the space that irrationalism and demagoguery currently occupy in this country has been carved out by the sheer violence of the American state towards others, the sheer trauma of life within, and the paranoia accompanying both of them?
I mean, how else could the views of the esteemed "creation scientists" and the "Da Vinci Code" sects—or their putative counterparts among the Michael Moore-to-the-rescue and the Nation-left establishmentarians—not only find a toehold in this country? But flourish as well? And even overgrow and choke-off so much of the rest?
The Writings of Charles Darwin on the Web (Homepage), John van Wyhe, Editor
Santa Fe Institute (Homepage)
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, Stephen Jay Gould (Harvard Univeristy Press, 2002)
One Long Argument: Charles Darwin and the Genesis of Modern Evolutionary Thought, Ernst Mayr (Harvard University Press, 1991)
What Evolution Is, Ernst Mayr (Basic Books, 2001)
What Makes Biology Unique? Ernst Mayr (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
"Evolution isn't merely a theory: It's a fully developed science," Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis, Chicago Tribune, March 13, 2005
"Saving Us from Darwin," Frederick C. Crews, New York Review of Books, October 4, 2001
"Four Complications in Understanding the Evolutionary Process," Richard C. Lewontin, Santa Fe Institute Bulletin, Winter, 2003, pp. 19-26
"Homo Floresiensis and Human Equality: Enduring Lessons from Stephen Jay Gould," Richard York, Monthly Revew, March, 2005
"The atheist: Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins explains why God is a delusion, religion is a virus, and America has slipped back into the Dark Ages," Gordy Slack, Salon, April 28, 2005
"The Wars Over Evolution," Richard C. Lewontin, New York Review of Books, October 20, 2005
FYA ("For your archives"): Experience teaches that the link to Smocovitis' commentary on Mayr will fail after a short period time. Therefore, I am depositing here a copy of the commentary itself—before the Chicago Tribune electronically isolates it behind the $$$$$$ curtain. And below Smocovitis' commentary, I'm adding the complete text of Gordy Slack's interview with Richard Dawkins, taken from April 28, 2005 issue of Salon.
Chicago Tribune
Perspective, Section 2
March 13, 2004
Evolution isn't merely a theory: It's a fully developed science
By Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis. Professor Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis teaches the history of science in the departments of zoology and history at the University of Florida
Ernst Mayr, the world renowned evolutionary biologist who died recently at the age of 100, spent most of the 20th Century studying and promoting Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. But if you've followed American media in recent months, you might think Mayr and his colleagues were failures, and that evolutionary theory is suspect, full of holes in evidence and logic, and kind of a religion of its own.
Despite its–and other–scientific advances in the 20th Century, evolution is under assault in America. People with thinly disguised religious and political agendas are demanding that alternative "theories" with euphemistic names such as "creation science" and "intelligent design" be given the same or greater weight than evolution in our textbooks and classrooms.
But thanks to people like Mayr, there is a big difference between these theories and the theory of evolution. That difference is science. Mayr took Darwin's abstract theory of evolution and turned it into the science of evolutionary biology.
During his nine-decade career, Mayr wrote or edited 20 books and more than 600 journal articles, yet that was just a small fraction of the hundreds of thousands of papers and books that have been written detailing experimental and observational studies supporting evolution. Through studies of diverse organisms ranging from viruses to plants and animals to humans, Mayr and others helped evolution itself evolve from its early incarnation as an incomplete and abstract theory into a rigorous science drawing on genetic principles, mathematical tools and some of the most sophisticated experimental methods known to modern science.
Conversely, proponents of alternative theories such as intelligent design cannot produce a single testable, repeatable experiment to support their position. They want us to take it on faith. They argue that some things in nature are so complex that they must have been designed by a higher being and that there is some greater purpose in the universe.
Pre-Darwin religion
They're especially fond of tired examples and arguing from analogy–the old "watch must have a watchmaker" kind of fuzzy logic familiar to 18th and 19th Century minds. That doesn't sound like science to me; it sounds like religion before the age of Darwin. And here's the irony: While they would like you to believe that their arguments have the support of current mainstream religions, they do not.
Scores of religious leaders, including Pope John Paul II, have in fact affirmed the validity of evolutionary science.
But that hasn't stopped proponents of this latest creationist fad from gaining a foothold in American education and popular culture.
In Dover, Pa., the school board became the first in the country to require the teaching of intelligent design. In suburban Atlanta, a school district required that stickers be placed in all biology textbooks stating that evolution was a theory and not a fact. In Kentucky, a museum devoted exclusively to "creation science" is in the works. In 1999, the Kansas Board of Education removed evolution from its central place in the teaching of biology, but restored it in 2001.
The truth is that evolution is a scientific explanation for the origin of biological diversity in the natural world; it also happens to be the best explanation we've got if we want to uphold any scientific understanding of the world at all.
"Nothing in biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution," Mayr's friend and colleague Theodosius Dobzhansky once famously declared. Evolutionary understanding has spread to virtually all scientific disciplines.
The success of evolution has been due to its synthetic and integrative power.
It has even become an applied science, embraced enthusiastically by medicine, agriculture, conservation science, even computing and engineering sciences. From understanding the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, to comprehending the reasons for emerging viruses, evolutionary understanding is essential to modern science and its applications.
In turn, scientists from these diverse fields are enriching the study of evolution with their own knowledge and expertise. We can thus, with confidence, speak of not just evolutionary theory and evolutionary biology, but evolutionary science–with the full weight of that mighty last word.
Mayr recognized all that some time ago.
Way back in 1959, and exactly 100 years after the publication of Darwin's book, "On the Origin of Species," he was one of the key participants at the University of Chicago's Darwin Centennial. A font of evolutionary study, the university attracted thousands of international dignitaries to the event–all representing the diversity of interests unified by the new science.
It also included distinguished theologians and humanists, along with high school teachers, all of whom embraced the new science. It was so successful that evangelical fundamentalists in the area had a panic attack. They and others immediately countered with their own made-up "alternative" that came to be known as "creation science." They've since made their careers doing nothing to gain us any understanding of the natural world, but doing lots to confuse the public about the legitimacy of evolution as a science.
Mayr made his own career out of defending and promoting evolutionary biology against these and other subsequent assaults. Of all the scientific figures of the 20th Century, he came closest to filling Darwin's shoes. He was indeed the "Darwin of the Twentieth Century."
Fighting to the end
Whether it was garden-variety scientific adversaries, misguided scientists searching for ET, or the same old die-hard religious fundamentalists, Mayr never turned down the challenge to fight the good fight. "I'm an old-time fighter for Darwinism," he once told the Harvard Gazette. And he fought to the very end.
In his later years, Ernst Mayr was a frequent visitor to the University of Florida; he enjoyed visiting with me and other friends, but what he really liked most was sharing his understanding of evolution with a new generation of students.
He never gave up the opportunity to visit a class. Those of us who knew him, and all of us who value science–indeed knowledge–owe it to Mayr and to the history of science to continue that fight.
The atheist: Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins explains why God is a delusion, religion is a virus, and America has slipped back into the Dark Ages.
By Gordy Slack
April 28, 2005 | Richard Dawkins is the world's most famous out-of-the-closet living atheist. He is also the world's most controversial evolutionary biologist. Publication of his 1976 book, "The Selfish Gene," thrust Dawkins into the limelight as the handsome, irascible, human face of scientific reductionism. The book provoked everything from outrage to glee by arguing that natural selection worked its creative powers only through genes, not species or individuals. Humans are merely "gene survival machines," he asserted in the book.
Dawkins stuck to his theme but expanded his territory in such subsequent books as "The Blind Watchmaker," "Unweaving the Rainbow" and "Climbing Mount Improbable." His recent work, "The Ancestor's Tale," traces human lineage back through time, stopping to ponder important forks in the evolutionary road.
Given his outspoken defense of Darwin, and natural selection as the force of life, Dawkins has assumed a new role: the religious right's Public Enemy No. 1. Yet Dawkins doesn't shy from controversy, nor does he suffer fools gladly. He recently met a minister who was on the opposite side of a British political debate. When the minister put out his hand, Dawkins kept his hands at his side and said, "You, sir, are an ignorant bigot."
Currently, Dawkins is the Charles Simonyi Professor of the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University, a position created for him in 1995 by Charles Simonyi, a Microsoft millionaire. Earlier this year, Dawkins signed an agreement with British television to make a documentary about the destructive role of religion in modern history, tentatively titled "The Root of All Evil."
I met Dawkins in late March at the Atheist Alliance International annual conference in Los Angeles, where he presented the alliance's top honor, the Richard Dawkins Prize, to magicians Penn and Teller. During our conversation in my hotel room, Dawkins was as gracious as he was punctiliously dressed in a crisp white shirt and soft blazer.
Once again, evolution is under attack. Are there any questions at all about its validity?
It's often said that because evolution happened in the past, and we didn't see it happen, there is no direct evidence for it. That, of course, is nonsense. It's rather like a detective coming on the scene of a crime, obviously after the crime has been committed, and working out what must have happened by looking at the clues that remain. In the story of evolution, the clues are a billionfold.
There are clues from the distribution of DNA codes throughout the animal and plant kingdoms, of protein sequences, of morphological characters that have been analyzed in great detail. Everything fits with the idea that we have here a simple branching tree. The distribution of species on islands and continents throughout the world is exactly what you'd expect if evolution was a fact. The distribution of fossils in space and in time are exactly what you would expect if evolution were a fact. There are millions of facts all pointing in the same direction and no facts pointing in the wrong direction.
British scientist J.B.S. Haldane, when asked what would constitute evidence against evolution, famously said, "Fossil rabbits in the Precambrian." They've never been found. Nothing like that has ever been found. Evolution could be disproved by such facts. But all the fossils that have been found are in the right place. Of course there are plenty of gaps in the fossil record. There's nothing wrong with that. Why shouldn't there be? We're lucky to have fossils at all. But no fossils have been found in the wrong place, such as to disprove the fact of evolution. Evolution is a fact.
Still, so many people resist believing in evolution. Where does the resistance come from?
It comes, I'm sorry to say, from religion. And from bad religion. You won't find any opposition to the idea of evolution among sophisticated, educated theologians. It comes from an exceedingly retarded, primitive version of religion, which unfortunately is at present undergoing an epidemic in the United States. Not in Europe, not in Britain, but in the United States.
My American friends tell me that you are slipping towards a theocratic Dark Age. Which is very disagreeable for the very large number of educated, intelligent and right-thinking people in America. Unfortunately, at present, it's slightly outnumbered by the ignorant, uneducated people who voted Bush in.
But the broad direction of history is toward enlightenment, and so I think that what America is going through at the moment will prove to be a temporary reverse. I think there is great hope for the future. My advice would be, Don't despair, these things pass.
You delve into agnosticism in "The Ancestor's Tale." How does it differ from atheism?
It's said that the only rational stance is agnosticism because you can neither prove nor disprove the existence of the supernatural creator. I find that a weak position. It is true that you can't disprove anything but you can put a probability value on it. There's an infinite number of things that you can't disprove: unicorns, werewolves, and teapots in orbit around Mars. But we don't pay any heed to them unless there is some positive reason to think that they do exist.
Believing in God is like believing in a teapot orbiting Mars?
Yes. For a long time it seemed clear to just about everybody that the beauty and elegance of the world seemed to be prima facie evidence for a divine creator. But the philosopher David Hume already realized three centuries ago that this was a bad argument. It leads to an infinite regression. You can't statistically explain improbable things like living creatures by saying that they must have been designed because you're still left to explain the designer, who must be, if anything, an even more statistically improbable and elegant thing. Design can never be an ultimate explanation for anything. It can only be a proximate explanation. A plane or a car is explained by a designer but that's because the designer himself, the engineer, is explained by natural selection.
Those who embrace "intelligent design" — the idea that living cells are too complex to have been created by nature alone — say evolution isn't incompatible with the existence of God.
There is just no evidence for the existence of God. Evolution by natural selection is a process that works up from simple beginnings, and simple beginnings are easy to explain. The engineer or any other living thing is difficult to explain — but it is explicable by evolution by natural selection. So the relevance of evolutionary biology to atheism is that evolutionary biology gives us the only known mechanism whereby the illusion of design, or apparent design, could ever come into the universe anywhere.
So why do we insist on believing in God?
From a biological point of view, there are lots of different theories about why we have this extraordinary predisposition to believe in supernatural things. One suggestion is that the child mind is, for very good Darwinian reasons, susceptible to infection the same way a computer is. In order to be useful, a computer has to be programmable, to obey whatever it's told to do. That automatically makes it vulnerable to computer viruses, which are programs that say, "Spread me, copy me, pass me on." Once a viral program gets started, there is nothing to stop it.
Similarly, the child brain is preprogrammed by natural selection to obey and believe what parents and other adults tell it. In general, it's a good thing that child brains should be susceptible to being taught what to do and what to believe by adults. But this necessarily carries the down side that bad ideas, useless ideas, waste of time ideas like rain dances and other religious customs, will also be passed down the generations. The child brain is very susceptible to this kind of infection. And it also spreads sideways by cross infection when a charismatic preacher goes around infecting new minds that were previously uninfected.
You've said that raising children in a religious tradition may even be a form of abuse.
What I think may be abuse is labeling children with religious labels like Catholic child and Muslim child. I find it very odd that in our civilization we're quite happy to speak of a Catholic child that is 4 years old or a Muslim of child that is 4, when these children are much too young to know what they think about the cosmos, life and morality. We wouldn't dream of speaking of a Keynesian child or a Marxist child. And yet, for some reason we make a privileged exception of religion. And, by the way, I think it would also be abuse to talk about an atheist child.
You are working on a new book tentatively called "The God Delusion." Can you explain it?
A delusion is something that people believe in despite a total lack of evidence. Religion is scarcely distinguishable from childhood delusions like the "imaginary friend" and the bogeyman under the bed. Unfortunately, the God delusion possesses adults, and not just a minority of unfortunates in an asylum. The word "delusion" also carries negative connotations, and religion has plenty of those.
What are its negative connotations?
A delusion that encourages belief where there is no evidence is asking for trouble. Disagreements between incompatible beliefs cannot be settled by reasoned argument because reasoned argument is drummed out of those trained in religion from the cradle. Instead, disagreements are settled by other means which, in extreme cases, inevitably become violent. Scientists disagree among themselves but they never fight over their disagreements. They argue about evidence or go out and seek new evidence. Much the same is true of philosophers, historians and literary critics.
But you don't do that if you just know your holy book is the God-written truth and the other guy knows that his incompatible scripture is too. People brought up to believe in faith and private revelation cannot be persuaded by evidence to change their minds. No wonder religious zealots throughout history have resorted to torture and execution, to crusades and jihads, to holy wars and purges and pogroms, to the Inquisition and the burning of witches.
What are the dark sides of religion today?
Terrorism in the Middle East, militant Zionism, 9/11, the Northern Ireland "troubles," genocide, which turns out to be "credicide" in Yugoslavia, the subversion of American science education, oppression of women in Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, and the Roman Catholic Church, which thinks you can't be a valid priest without testicles.
Fifty years ago, philosophers like Bertrand Russell felt that the religious worldview would fade as science and reason emerged. Why hasn't it?
That trend toward enlightenment has indeed continued in Europe and Britain. It just has not continued in the U.S., and not in the Islamic world. We're seeing a rather unholy alliance between the burgeoning theocracy in the U.S. and its allies, the theocrats in the Islamic world. They are fighting the same battle: Christian on one side, Muslim on the other. The very large numbers of people in the United States and in Europe who don't subscribe to that worldview are caught in the middle.
Actually, holy alliance would be a better phrase. Bush and bin Laden are really on the same side: the side of faith and violence against the side of reason and discussion. Both have implacable faith that they are right and the other is evil. Each believes that when he dies he is going to heaven. Each believes that if he could kill the other, his path to paradise in the next world would be even swifter. The delusional "next world" is welcome to both of them. This world would be a much better place without either of them.
Does religion contribute to the violence of Islamic extremists? Christian extremists?
Of course it does. From the cradle, they are brought up to revere martyrs and to believe they have a fast track to heaven. With their mother's milk they imbibe hatred of heretics, apostates and followers of rival faiths.
I don't wish to suggest it is doctrinal disputes that are motivating the individual soldiers who are doing the killing. What I do suggest is that in places like Northern Ireland, religion was the only available label by which people could indulge in the human weakness for us-or-them wars. When a Protestant murders a Catholic or a Catholic murders a Protestant, they're not playing out doctrinal disagreements about transubstantiation.
What is going on is more like a vendetta. It was one of their lot's grandfathers who killed one of our lot's grandfathers, and so we're getting our revenge. The "their lot" and "our lot" is only defined by religion. In other parts of the world it might be defined by color, or by language, but in so many parts of the world it isn't, it's defined by religion. That's true of the conflicts among Croats and the Serbs and Bosnians — that's all about religion as labels.
The grotesque massacres in India at the time of partition were between Hindus and Muslims. There was nothing else to distinguish them, they were racially the same. They only identified themselves as "us" and the others as "them" by the fact that some of them were Hindus and some of them were Muslims. That's what the Kashmir dispute is all about. So, yes, I would defend the view that religion is an extremely potent label for hostility. That has always been true and it continues to be true to this day.
How would we be better off without religion?
We'd all be freed to concentrate on the only life we are ever going to have. We'd be free to exult in the privilege — the remarkable good fortune — that each one of us enjoys through having been being born. An astronomically overwhelming majority of the people who could be born never will be. You are one of the tiny minority whose number came up. Be thankful that you have a life, and forsake your vain and presumptuous desire for a second one. The world would be a better place if we all had this positive attitude to life. It would also be a better place if morality was all about doing good to others and refraining from hurting them, rather than religion's morbid obsession with private sin and the evils of sexual enjoyment.
Are there environmental costs of a religious worldview?
There are many religious points of view where the conservation of the world is just as important as it is to scientists. But there are certain religious points of view where it is not. In those apocalyptic religions, people actually believe that because they read some dopey prophesy in the book of Revelation, the world is going to come to an end some time soon. People who believe that say, "We don't need to bother about conserving forests or anything else because the end of the world is coming anyway." A few decades ago one would simply have laughed at that. Today you can't laugh. These people are in power.
Unlike other accounts of the evolution of life, "The Ancestor's Tale" starts at the present and works back. Why did you decide to tell the story in reverse?
The most important reason is that if you tell the evolution story forwards and end up with humans, as it's humanly normal to do so because people are interested in themselves, it makes it look as though the whole of evolution were somehow aimed at humanity, which of course it wasn't. One could aim anywhere, like at kangaroos, butterflies or frogs. We're all contemporary culmination points, for the moment, in evolution.
If you go backward, however, no matter where you start in this huge tree of life, you always converge at the same point, which is the origin of life. So that was the main reason for structuring the book the way I did. It gave me a natural goal to head toward — the origin of life — no matter where I started from. Then I could legitimately start with humans, which people are interested in.
People like to trace their ancestry. One of the most common types of Web sites, after ones about sex, is one's family history. When people trace the ancestry of that name, they normally stop at a few hundred years. I wanted to go back 4,000 million years.
The idea of going back towards a particular goal called to my mind the notion of pilgrimage as a kind of literary device. So I very vaguely modeled the book on Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales," where the pilgrims start off as a band of human pilgrims walking backward to discover our ancestors. We are successively joined by other pilgrims — the chimpanzee pilgrims at 5 million years, then the gorilla pilgrims, then the orangutan pilgrims. Starting with humans, there are only about 39 such rendezvous points as you go back in time. It's a rather surprising fact. Rendezvous 39 is where we meet the bacteria pilgrims.
The idea that evolution could be "random" seems to frighten people. Is it random?
This is a spectacular misunderstanding. If it was random, then of course it couldn't possibly have given rise to the fantastically complicated and elegant forms that we see. Natural selection is the important force that drives evolution. Natural selection is about as non-random a force as you could possibly imagine. It can't work unless there is some sort of variation upon which to work. And the source of variation is mutation. Mutation is random only in the sense that it is not directed specifically toward improvement. It is natural selection that directs evolution toward improvement. Mutation is random in that it's not directed toward improvement.
The idea that evolution itself is a random process is a most extraordinary travesty. I wonder if it's deliberately put about maliciously or whether these people honestly believe such a preposterous absurdity. Of course evolution isn't random. It is driven by natural selection, which is a highly non-random force.
Is there an emotional side to the intellectual enterprise of exploring the story of life on Earth?
Yes, I strongly feel that. When you meet a scientist who calls himself or herself religious, you'll often find that that's what they mean. You often find that by "religious" they do not mean anything supernatural. They mean precisely the kind of emotional response to the natural world that you've described. Einstein had it very strongly. Unfortunately, he used the word "God" to describe it, which has led to a great deal of misunderstanding. But Einstein had that feeling, I have that feeling, you'll find it in the writings of many scientists. It's a kind of quasi-religious feeling. And there are those who wish to call it religious and who therefore are annoyed when a scientist calls himself an atheist. They think, "No, you believe in this transcendental feeling, you can't be an atheist." That's a confusion of language.
Some scientists say that removing religion or God from their life would leave it meaningless, that it's God that gives meaning to life.
"Unweaving the Rainbow" specifically attacks the idea that a materialist, mechanist, naturalistic worldview makes life seem meaningless. Quite the contrary, the scientific worldview is a poetic worldview, it is almost a transcendental worldview. We are amazingly privileged to be born at all and to be granted a few decades — before we die forever — in which we can understand, appreciate and enjoy the universe. And those of us fortunate enough to be living today are even more privileged than those of earlier times. We have the benefit of those earlier centuries of scientific exploration. Through no talent of our own, we have the privilege of knowing far more than past centuries. Aristotle would be blown away by what any schoolchild could tell him today. That's the kind of privileged century in which we live. That's what gives my life meaning. And the fact that my life is finite, and that it's the only life I've got, makes me all the more eager to get up each morning and set about the business of understanding more about the world into which I am so privileged to have been born.
Humans may not be products of an intelligent designer but given genetic technologies, our descendants will be. What does this mean about the future of evolution?
It's an interesting thought that in some remote time in the future, people may look back on the 20th and 21st centuries as a watershed in evolution — the time when evolution stopped being an undirected force and became a design force. Already, for the past few centuries, maybe even millennia, agriculturalists have in a sense designed the evolution of domestic animals like pigs and cows and chickens. That's increasing and we're getting more technologically clever at that by manipulating not just the selection part of evolution but also the mutation part. That will be very different; one of the great features of biological evolution up to now is that there is no foresight.
In general, evolution is a blind process. That's why I called my book "The Blind Watchmaker." Evolution never looks to the future. It never governs what happens now on the basis on what will happen in the future in the way that human design undoubtedly does. But now it is possible to breed a new kind of pig, or chicken, which has such and such qualities. We may even have to pass that pig through a stage where it is actually less good at whatever we want to produce — making long bacon racks or something — but we can persist because we know it'll be worth it in the long run. That never happened in natural evolution; there was never a "let's temporarily get worse in order to get better, let's go down into the valley in order to get over to the other side and up onto the opposite mountain." So yes, I think it well may be that we're living in a time when evolution is suddenly starting to become intelligently designed.
- – – – – – – – – – – -
About the writer
Gordy Slack is a freelance science writer based in Berkeley, Calif.
Postscript (November 25): Looks like we'll have to chalk another one up for the Americans. Because surely they lead the world in the number of university-campus-based chapters to have been formed for the "Intelligent Design" fan club:
Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness Center
Chicago Tribune
November 25, 2005
Students join debate on intelligent design
Campus clubs set up to defend concept
By Lisa Anderson
ITHACA, N.Y. — Dappled with autumn leaves, the manicured campus of an Ivy League university in upstate New York may seem far from the cornfields of Kansas or the rural towns of central Pennsylvania, but it represents the newest of these battlefields in the growing culture war over the teaching of evolution.
The national spotlight recently has focused on school boards in Kansas, Pennsylvania and elsewhere that are grappling with calls for including intelligent design, a concept critical of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, in science curricula. But a significant new front in this cultural conflict is opening in the halls of American higher education, spearheaded by science students skeptical of evolution and intrigued by intelligent design.
One of them is Hannah Maxson. A math and chemistry major at Cornell University, she founded an Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness (IDEA) Club here this fall.
"In my opinion, both intelligent design and Darwinian evolution are science. Both have philosophical implications. Intelligent design implies the universe is somewhat directed. Darwinian evolution implies a naturalistic worldview," Maxson, 21, said.
Darwin's evolutionary theory, hailed as the cornerstone of modern biology by nearly all scientists, holds that all life on Earth shares common ancestry and developed through natural selection and random mutation. In science, a theory is generally a principle developed from facts rigorously tested over time.
Intelligent design, or ID, posits that there are complexities of life not yet explained by evolution that are best attributed to an unnamed and unseen intelligent designer. Opponents, including every major U.S. scientific organization, deride it as "neo-creo," or a high-tech version of creationism, the account of creation in Genesis in the Bible.
Cornell's IDEA Club is one of about 25 such campus organizations across the country, including a new club established at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
The clubs operate under the auspices of the IDEA Center, founded in 2001 as a non-profit educational organization whose goal is "to promote intelligent design theory purely on its scientific merits," according to the organization's mission statement. The center provides clubs with organizational help, books, videos and primarily non-financial support, according to Casey Luskin, co-founder of the center and the first campus IDEA Club begun in 1999 at the University of California, San Diego.
He said the center, which has a budget of less than $10,000, remains separate from and receives no funding from the Discovery Institute, a Seattle-based advocate of intelligent design.
However, several institute fellows are on the center's advisory board, including such prominent ID advocates as William Dembski and Michael Behe, and Luskin recently became the program officer for public policy and legal affairs at Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture.
"We have done a lot with very little. I attribute that to the fact there are so many students out there who want to talk about this issue but are not given the opportunity in their classes," Luskin said.
David Masci, a senior research fellow at the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life in Washington, D.C., said, "As this issue has bubbled up into the national consciousness over the last 10 years, it makes sense that it would have a presence on college campuses."
God does well in poll
Masci pointed to a March Gallup Youth Survey of teens age 13 to 18. It showed that 38 percent believe "God created human beings pretty much in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years" and 43 percent agreed that "human beings have developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process." Only 18 percent said humans developed over millions of years without divine guidance.
Such numbers are nothing new for Will Provine, a biological sciences professor at Cornell University. In his annual course on evolution for non-biology majors, Provine hands out questionnaires asking students' views on evolution.
Since he began the course in 1986, the number of students saying they believed humans came about due to divine direction–whether through creationism, intelligent design or simply God's guidance–has fallen below 70 percent on only two occasions, Provine said.
"I'm really thrilled to have everyone in the course, whether you're a creationist or not," said Provine, who identifies himself as an atheist. "If they are deeply religious, I don't try to change their minds. I just encourage them to sort it out."
He said he differs from most in the evolutionary biology field because he welcomes all views and ridicules none.
That kind of tolerance is too rare, said Charles Haynes, senior scholar at the First Amendment Center in Arlington, Va.
"I think many of the scientific organizations have felt they had to demonize ID in order to win the argument. I think by ruling out ID in science journals and science discussions, they have given the impression that they are not willing to listen and really engage the other side," Haynes said.
Cornell student Maxson said it was such derision and lack of knowledge about intelligent design that led her to found her IDEA club, which quickly registered about 60 members.
"I was surprised at how much interest there was," said the junior from California.
She also was surprised at how much controversy ID is generating on campus.
On Oct. 21, about two weeks before Kansas redefined state science standards to include the supernatural and while a Pennsylvania federal court heard a landmark case concerning the constitutionality of teaching ID in public schools, Cornell's acting president devoted his entire state of the university address to an impassioned attack on intelligent design.
Calling it an urgent matter "of great significance to Cornell and to the country as a whole," Hunter Rawlings said, "The issue in question is the challenge to science posed by religiously based opposition to evolution, described, in its current form, as intelligent design."
He said bluntly, "ID is a religious belief masquerading as a secular idea."
Shocked by Rawlings' speech, Maxson shot back with a news release posted on the IDEA Club's Web site. She criticized Rawlings for his "blatant disregard for the facts concerning intelligent design" and for "blasting the emerging intelligent design theory as unscientific and religious in an unscrupulous, unknowledgeable manner."
Sitting over lunch in Cornell's wood-paneled Ivy Room restaurant on a recent rainy afternoon, the slight, soft-spoken Maxson said, "I expected it would be controversial in that some people would be down on it, but not controversial to the extent you would have the president of the university making a major speech on it."
But Rawlings is not the only academic leader to affirm evolution and oppose ID in recent weeks.
In September, Robert Hemenway, chancellor of the University of Kansas, sent a letter to faculty and students in which he said, "The attack on evolution continues across America and compels me to again state the obvious: The University of Kansas is a major public research university. . . . As an academic, scientific community we must affirm scientific principles."
On Monday, the university's religious studies department announced a new course to be offered in the spring: Special Topics in Religion: Intelligent Design, Creationism and other Religious Mythologies.
In October, Timothy White, president of the University of Idaho, sent a similar letter to students and faculty saying, "I write to articulate the University of Idaho's position with respect to evolution: This is the only curriculum that is appropriate to be taught in our bio-physical sciences."
Emphasizing that he has a "very high respect for people of faith," Cornell's Rawlings said during a recent interview that his speech drew a strong positive response from scientists as well as other university presidents.
"I think, perhaps, more academics will get involved in this debate, and I think they should. [Earlier] they didn't want to dignify intelligent design and, second, they didn't think they had to. They didn't take this seriously as a movement. But it is now gaining a place in many public schools, and that means we'll be dealing with the results for years to come," said Rawlings, noting that he welcomed the dialogue with Cornell's IDEA Club.
"These IDEA clubs are going to face a lot of opposition on college campuses, I would predict," said Haynes of the First Amendment Center, who is an expert on religious liberty and educational organizations.
"It's a very interesting idea, so to speak, because it's students saying, `Let's have the debate. If we can't have the debate in the classroom, then we'll do it ourselves.'"
That was Jaclyn Wegner's goal when she established the IDEA Club at the U. of I. this semester.
U. of I. student's opinion
"Just hearing about how the scientific community was handling [ID], it seems that a lot of people are being kind of closed-minded, and it's causing them to be discriminatory against scientists who even question Darwin's theory. That's what has driven me to start this club," said Wegner, 21, a senior from Frankfort in south suburban Chicago who is majoring in integrative biology.
Already, she said, a Darwin Club has popped up in response, headed by a friend of hers.
"That's really cool," she said. "We are going to try to hold events together. We are not competing. We're all interested in the same issues. We are just coming from different sides."
- – – – – – – -
IDEA club chapters around the world
Armstrong Atlantic State University (Georgia)
Baraboo, Wis.
Boise State University (Idaho)
Braeside High School (Kenya)
California State University-Sacramento
Cornell University (New York)
Fork Union Military Academy (Virginia)
Franciscan University of Steubenville (Ohio)
George Mason University (Virginia)
Hillsdale College (Michigan)
James Madison University (Virginia)
Midwestern State University (Texas)
Myers Park High School (North Carolina)
University of Mississippi
Poway High School (California)
Pulaski Academy (Arkansas)
Seattle Central Community College
South Mecklenburg High School (North Carolina)
Stanford University (California)
Tri-Cities IDEA Club (Washington)
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, San Diego
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Missouri-Columbia
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
University of Oklahoma
University of the Philippines, Tacloban College
University of Texas at Dallas*
University of Victoria (British Columbia)
University of Virginia
Vanderbilt University* (Tennessee)
Wake Forest University (North Carolina)
Western Baptist College (Oregon)
Westminster College (Missouri)
[* denotes currently inactive]


text:
You must log in to access your account.
Remember Me
According to HAMAS propaganda, IDF doesn't fight humans but bio-boosted faceless human/efreet (desert daemons) hybrids.
Despite everybody is supposed to be weakened by starvation, these "faceless" creatures display athletic power.
Just like ULTRAVIOLET mutants
Doesn't this justify the use of Israel full arsenal ?
Theorical these "faceless" haven't eat, drink or sleep since 2 weeks.
But they still shot back ! What do they fed on ? Civil victim blood like vampires ?
DELTA & SEALS have this resistance but how many are them ?
Hundred out of a nation of 300 millions. "Faceless" are thousands out of 1.5 millions !
The International Atomic Energy Agency takes a great care about nuclear experiment, but what about the biological ones ?
Why are HAMAS fighters hooded ? SWATS have mask to protect their families. But according to civilian losses in Gaza this is irrelevant.
What do they hide ? Similar face like clones, daemonic or genetic mutation. With an average of 6 children by wife and polygamy, Gaza is a perfect laboratory for crossbreeding. Does HAMAS religious want to recreate Nephilims or the race of Goliath the Phillistine ?
They've watched too much Batman.
Heavy Metal Bands, Reviews, Videos and Albums is proudly powered by WordPress MU and BuddyPress

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Halo H242 Recessed Lighting Can, 9" Square Compact Fluorescent 13W 2-Lamp Non-IC Shallow Housing - for New Construction
Ask a Question
About this Product
The Halo H242 is a 9" compact fluorescent square, new construction dedicated housing that provides energy efficient lighting through the use of a dual 13W twin tube fluorescent lamps (F13TT GX23 base). Typically used for only square trim,s the Halo H242 features an integral 120V fluorescent magnetic ballast. The included junction box of the H242 is listed for through branch circuit wiring, and contains two 3/4" and five 1/2" knockouts. Installation is easy with the bar hangers spanning up to 24" joists. With the overall dimensions of the H242 measuring in 8 1/4" L x 12" W x 3 1/2" H, this housing unit is UL listed for damp location usage and feed through.
Features:• Integral 120V fluorescent magnetic ballast for two 13W Twin Tube compact fluorescent lamps F13TT GX23 base
• Junction Box is listed for through branch circuit wiring and has two 3/4" and five 1/2" knockouts
• Bar Hangers will span 24" joists
Specifications:• UL damp location
• UL feed through
• Length: 8 1/4"(210mm)
• Width: 12"(305mm)
• Height: 3 1/2"(89mm)
Customer Reviews
Write Your Own Review:
Questions & Answers
If you are a new customer, please register first:


text:
|Booksie Address:
|United States
|Favorite book:
|Harry Potter Series, Distant Waves, The Revolution, etc.
|Member Since:
|Oct 24, 2012
I'm 14 years of age and I live in Atlanta, Georgia. I've been writing stories for as long as I can remember. I love to read and write. All my friends think I'm a bit delusional, because all I do is read. I write a lot of short fictional stories. They range from a variety of subjects. When my friends read my stories they always enjoy them and encourage me to do more. My dream is to grow up, get into Columbia University and major in journalism. Oh, and my real name is Kennedy. I just like my middle name better.


text:
When Should I Trust Online Reviews?
Dear Lifehacker,
I know a lot of online reviews can be fake, and others are just written by angry people. How can I separate useful reviews from crappy ones? I don't want to avoid something good because someone lied, but I don't want to throw my money away either. »


text:
Where artists connect & inspire!
My first original needle felted character.
Share Twitter
Views: 5
Tags: felt, lion, miniature, needle, wool
Join Fiber Arts/Mixed Media
Welcome toFiber Arts/Mixed Media
Sign Upor Sign In
Or sign in with:
To advertise here, contact firstname.lastname@example.com
© 2014 Created by Marcia Young.
Badges |
Report an Issue |
Terms of Service
Please check your browser settings or contact your system administrator.


text:
METAIRIE, La. ― Receiver Robert Meachem and defensive tackle Anthony Hargrove were upgraded to full Friday on the Saints' latest injury report before Monday's showdown with at Atlanta.
Meachem (toe) and Hargrove (knee) were both limited a day earlier. Hargrove missed Sunday's loss to Baltimore when he was placed on the inactive list while Meachem left the game in the second half when scar tissue is his surgically repaired toe broke apart.
Defensive tackle Remi Ayodele also was upgraded from did not participate to limited with an ankle injury. When asked in the locker room if there was a chance he could be full for Saturday's final practice before the game, he was noncommittal, saying only that he "worked here."
Running back Chris Ivory (hamstring) was limited along with offensive tackle Charles Brown (back). Tight end David Thomas (knee) did not participate.
For Atlanta, everyone was full, including receiver Roddy White, who didn't practice Thursday with a knee issue.


text:
Becky Dennison Sakellariou was born and raised in New England and lived much of her adult life in Greece.
She is now "making her way home" to New Hampshire to settle for at least half of the year.
A teacher and mediator/counselor, she has recently published in White Pelican Review, Beloit Poetry Journal and Common Ground Review.
Nominated for the Pushcart Poetry Prize twice, she also won first prize in the 2005 Blue Light Press Chapbook Contest for her chapbook, The Importance of Bone.
At present she is madly in love with her three grandchildren and can be found either in Peterborough where she is amazed at the clouds and the colors or in Greece where she putters around on her one acre on the island of Euboia amongst the olive, fig, almond, pomegranate, lemon, apricot and eucalyptus trees.


text:
Videos > Tiffany Mynx > Sassy Tiffany Mynx gets splattered in cock sauce
Brazzers Network At Brazzers we believe in offering exclusive downloadable and streamable adult HD videos!! With over 900 girls and daily updates, you will never be left short of huge rib balloons, bouncy butts and hot pussy! Cum check it out for yourself!!
Featured Pornstars:
- Tiffany Mynx


text:
The 135L is just one of those "magic" primes that if you get everything right, It rewards you with Stunning bokeh, color, and contrast right out of the camera. After editing, my 135L shots are some of my most favorite.
Its relatively Cheap, Sharp, Light, Discreet, Compact and gives A+ images. It really is a Magic Black Tube.
I've made the decision to scrap my 70-200L II IS for indoor volleyball, and use my 135L instead. Yes I'll have to get off my butt, but it'll be worth it. Side shots of people serving at f/2 is simply amazing.
The 70-200mm is sharp, practical, and very versatile lens. I wouldn't scrap it for sports but the 70-200mm, IMO has always lacked that little extra touch that the 135L has.
In the end, my other lenses will go before my bread and butter 135L.


text:
Loading ...
At Aquaboggan Water Park, anyone can perform spinning tricks on the half-pipe—it's practically unavoidable. Tube-equipped riders launch down the slippery 45-foot-tall parabola, careening up and down its sides before sliding down into the connected pool. Nicknamed Stealth 5, the half-pipe is just one of the park's unconventional attractions, joining the ranks of the Aquasaucer, a soft dome with a fountain at the top and ropes leading from its peak to its base.
Of course, in its 35 years, Aquaboggan hasn't lost respect for the classics, both wet and dry. Its Pipeline entices guests down a twisting trio of slides, readying riders for a high-speed race on the Turbo Drop's side-by-side slides. Wee ones can splash in the wave pool or take part in a consequence-free lesson in aquatic navigation on the bumper boats. Afterward, guests can dry out on an 18-hole mini-golf course and a high-speed go-cart track.
A coach at the first Equine Special Olympics in 1999 and again in 2011, North American Riding for the Handicapped–certified trainer Kathleen Gallant possesses a deep, long-lasting love for horses and their ability to help others. After attending equestrian vocational school as a teenager and working at several race tracks, Kathleen developed her passion for jumping and dressage and began teaching others, which she has been doing for more than two decades. Today, English riding lessons are the focus at Chiron Equestrian Services, as well as therapeutic riding for children and adults with special needs. Both private and group lessons begin with the establishment of a balanced, centered riding style and, once these basics are mastered, move on to more advanced riding techniques such as hunt seat, jumping, and dressage.
There has never been a rain delay at Southern Maine Sports Zone. More than 3,000 athletes use the indoor sports facility each week to play soccer, volleyball, basketball, and field hockey. As athletic battles rage in the 62,500-square-foot field house, spectators can chant encouragement or order refreshments from hang-gliding vendors on the second floor. For more tot-friendly extravaganzas, the sportatorium also shelters an enormous bounce-house zone and children's camps.:m]]
Through his late father, an alumnus of the United States Coast Guard and an avid boating enthusiast, John L. Ellis III discovered his own interest in piloting the seas. Now captain of his own vessel, the Island Prince, John whisks passengers away on cruises, fishing excursions, whale-watching expeditions, and private charters in the areas surrounding Camp Ellis and Saco Bay, and also perform burials at sea. The 2.5-hour day and evening cruises can facilitate sightings of minke whales and harbor porpoises before passing nearby scenic spots such as Wood Island and Bluff Island, which earned its name by lying to pirates about the gold buried in its subterranean carpet showroom. John supplies rental rods, reels, and 3- or 16-ounce jigs for fishing outings, though participants can also bring their own gear to coax pollock, haddock, and stripers to the surface.
Maine Tactical features an indoor range, so students can practice what they learn in NRA firearms classes directly onsite.
At Maine Tactical, instructors lead an array of classes, including NRA-approved sessions on pistol use and personal protection in the home as well as courses on hunter safety and cleaning automatic rifles. When not helping their guests improve their marksmanship, the team mans a pro shop that, as a Glock Blue Label dealer, extends exclusive benefits to law enforcement, military personnel, and state-licensed security officers. Maine Tactical's staff also includes armorers for manufacturers such as Sig Sauer and Smith & Wesson, which means the staff can complete custom builds such as hunting scopes.
It's a tradition dating back to the 1930s, and for many moviegoers, it still eclipses the modern multiplex experience. But it's also threatened by extinction. With only an estimated 357 drive-ins still functioning throughout the US, Saco is one of the last places where an audience of automobiles can bask in movie magic under the twinkling starlight. With speakers propped by the car windows and affordable concessions at hand, viewers laugh, cry, and cheer at double features of first-run films while knowing exactly who's kicking the seat behind them. Those who want to keep this American tradition going can donate to Project Drive-In, which aids outdoor theaters as they strive to make the pricey conversions to digital projection.


text:
The Bowery House Reviews
- Info
- |
- Rates
- |
- Map & Directions
- |
- Reviews
- |
- Facilities
Reviews & Ratings Explained
The rating percentage is calculated from customers who booked within the last 12 months.
All ratings and reviews are based on the feedback and opinions of the customers who submitted them and do not express the opinions of Hostelworld.com. This way, you get an up-to-the-minute opinion of just how good a hostel really is.
Read our review guidelines »
Very small rooms and noisy at night. Location was good.
- Novice Nomad
- Anonymous
- Netherlands
- Male, 25-30
- (1 review)
Bowery house was an ok place to stay, but nothing more. You could hear the night clubs below and it was very hot at night. Very small rooms ! When ur checking in, you have to pay either 50 $ ore they keep your passport in case of any damage. We gave our password, which they just had under the counter, not in a safe as promised. Also not impressed with the service, the hostel couldn't find our reservation at first, and the guy was pretty rude about it !
- Novice Nomad
- Anonymous
- Norway
- Female, 18-24
- (2 reviews)
The price for a private room at this hostel is very reasonable considering its location in Manhatten. The private room is very small and the beds are short. The rooms are like cubicles, located in one very large room, making it very easy to hear anything going on in adjacent rooms. The bathrooms were stylish and kept clean. The staff at the desk were friendly and knowledgeable. I've stayed here twice and will return again. It suited all my needs for a place to stay on weekend trips in NYC.
- Novice Nomad
- Anonymous
- Female, 25-30
- (1 review)


text:
The Lodge Standard Room
with Private Deck or Balcony
Featuring a private sitting area on an outdoor deck or balcony. All standard rooms have exterior entrances and two queen beds. They are a comfortable 288 ft2.
Special! Second Night, Half Price!
Stay in a Standard with Deck and your following night is 50% off! This special offer has a limited availability, and won't be around forever. To ensure you can take advantage of this special, book early to lock in the savings!
Second Night 50%-off Specials
Fall Special RATE: Sep 1–Sep 13, 2014
$136.50 pp/do* BOOK ONLINE NOW
Standard Amenities
All rooms feature a flat screen television, wireless internet access, a full private bath, a DVD player with free DVD movies at the front desk, a hair dryer, a mini-refrigerator, a coffee maker, and a telephone.
- Spring and fall season rates starting at $182/night
- Summer season rates starting at $284/night
Accessible Rooms
Seward Windsong Lodge offers ADA-compliant accessible rooms for guests. Please advise us of any special needs when making reservations so we may assist you to the best of our ability.
* Shoulder season rates apply to May and September availability.Peak season rates apply to June, July and August. Taxes are additional.
** Must book 72 hours prior to arrival date. Taxes and fees are not included. Valid for new bookings only. Must pay at time of booking. Limited availability on select dates. Offer limited to four rooms per party. Non-cancellable. Non-changeable. Non-refundable. Offer subject to change without notice. Rates and dates are subject to change without notice. Pricing based on double occupancy. Not valid for group travel. Click here for Booking Terms and Conditions.


text:
It was a fine end to the week as the early fall weather pattern continues across Cenla. Lows Friday morning were almost all in the 50s, with the lowest readings coming from Winnfield at 50 degrees and Leesville at 51. Opelousas dropped to 61 degrees.
Afternoon highs ranged through the 80s, however, Bellwood went up to 91 degrees. The humidity increased a bit today but was not nearly as high as it was in the summer.
A weak front will ease through Cenla late Saturday night or Sunday morning. Despite the front, there will be little or no moisture so no major changes will occur.
Have a fun but safe weekend.
Tom Konvicka


text:
Follow Us on Facebook
Get updates from RecipeLion.com posted directly to your News Feed.
34 Mason Jar Crafts eCraftbook
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
Mason Jar Recipes: 34 Holiday Ideas for Gifts in a Jar
By: The Editors of RecipeLion.com
We are adding the recipe to your Recipe Box.
This was added to your Recipe Box.
Click here to view your Recipe Box.
Christmas is coming, the goose is getting fat…but your wallet isn't. What better way to save some money this holiday season than giving heartfelt, homemade gifts? Gifts in a jar are fun to create, and you can get the whole family involved. The kids can help make gift jar recipes for yummy foods like chocolate cakes and soup mixes, and they can help you husbands out there to craft bath and body scrub jars for your wives…hint, hint!
In a joint project with our sister site, FaveCrafts.com, we have compiled all our favorite gift jar recipes into one handy eBook for you, our valued reader. Mason Jar Recipes: 34 Holiday Ideas for Gifts in a Jar has 77 pages of wonderful gift jar recipes, so whether you're looking for delicious food recipes to give (or eat!) or fun craft projects to make, we've got it all.
For even more wonderful Christmas recipes, be sure to sign up for our Quick and Easy Recipes newsletter to get free recipes delivered to your inbox every week.
Click here to download the free eCookbook now. [pdf]
Included in this 77-page eCookbook:
Gift Jar Recipes with Chocolate
Gift Jar Recipes with Chocolate
M&M Cookie Mix in a Jar — M&Ms make everyone happy, right? Why not go one better and use them in this fun-to-craft, fun-to-give cookie recipe in a jar? It's fun to layer the ingredients in the jar, and your gift recipient will have fun baking the cookies. (page 12)
Recipes for Soup in a Jar
Hearty Soup Mix in a Jar — Can't quite decide on the perfect holiday gift for your favorite gourmand? Make this lovely gift in a jar, and you not only have a pretty present to give, but a delicious one as well! (page 21)
Snowman Jars
Snowman Cookie Jar — Snowmen scream winter and Christmas. This is a great gift or decorating idea to have up all winter long. (page 52)
Mosaic Bath Jars
Mosaic Bath Jars for Mom — Mosaic bath jars filled with homemade bath salts make great gifts for moms this Mother's Day. She can relax in the bath with a reminder of your love. Use the recipe below for bath salts or read many more bath salt recipes. (page 42)
Click here to download the free eBook now. [pdf]
What's Hot
Top Holidays
My Recipe Box (0) View »
Something worth saving?
Free eCookbooks
Our Newest Recipes & Articles


text:
New research to be presented at Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior
May We Recommend the Vegetables?
Incorporating Sustainability in Federal Nutrition Guidelines
Studies include school gardens, NYC nutrition education programs, community supported agriculture, a science-based nutrition curriculum and wellness policy, an online nutrition game and more. (6/27/2014)
June's "TC Today" features an article about the Tisch Food Center. (6/3/2014)
The Tisch Food Center is working with diverse stakeholders for a strong Child Nutrition Act. (5/19/2014)
Tisch Food Center comments to the USDA detailing why eating in a way that supports the health of people and the planet is a crucial consideration for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015. (4/22/2014)


text:
In case anyone has noticed, Calvin Johnson, the highest ever NFL draft pick out of GT, is destroying the NFL this year. His team, however, is being destroyed by the NFL. Calvin is fifth in...
ACCThe ACC faired pretty in the 2009 NFL Draft having 4 players selected in the top 10. Heyward-Bey was a pretty big shock but then again the Raiders are always shocking in the Draft.The ACC had 33...
Blogging the Boys looks at the Dallas Cowboys new free agents, starting with LB Keith Brooking.
Will 2008's disastrous finish mean lowered expectations in 2009?
The Dallas Cowboys may be looking for a linebacker in this year's draft.
Coach Mike Smith says young Atlanta Falcons linebacker Curtis Lofton will get a chance to be a three-down linebacker this season. Dave the Falconer sees great things ahead.
Dallas Cowboys sign former Charger Igor Olshansky.
A defense of the path the Atlanta Falcons seem to be choosing in free agency by a guy who has been miserably wrong in doubting new general manager Thomas Dimitroff in the past.
More on the Cowboys signings of Jon Kitna and Keith Brooking
The Dallas Cowboys reach a three-year deal with veteran free agent LB Keith Brooking from the Atlanta Falcons.
As part of the new SB Nation launch, prior users will need to choose a permanent username, along with a new password.
Your username will be used to login to SB Nation going forward.
Please login to your Vox Media account. This account will be linked to your previously existing Eater account.
As part of the new SB Nation launch, prior MT authors will need to choose a new username and password.
Your username will be used to login to SB Nation going forward.
We'll email you a reset link.
If you signed up using a 3rd party account like Facebook or Twitter, please login with it instead.
You must be a member of From The Rumble Seat to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at From The Rumble Seat. You should read them.
You must be a member of From The Rumble Seat to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at From The Rumble Seat. You should read them.
Choose an available username to complete sign up.
In order to provide our users with a better overall experience, we ask for more information from Facebook when using it to login so that we can learn more about our audience and provide you with the best possible experience. We do not store specific user data and the sharing of it is not required to login with Facebook.


text:
is brought to you by the Country Bounty Classifieds. When you want your classified ad to reach over 18,000 strong, you need to have it in the Country Bounty Classifieds. Classified Deadline is every Thursday at 1:00pm. Visa and Mastercard are accepted. Call it in at 307-674-4312, mail it in, or stop by their new location at 303 S. Main, Ste. 201, Sheridan. The Country Bounty is a Sheridan Media Publication.
Swap shop is your program to buy, sell or trade items.
If you would like to be on Swap Shop, please keep the following rules in mind:
Please, no businesses. If you have a business ID#, or offer your services as a regular means of business, you are not allowed to call in. Please call the Sheridan Media office at 672-7421 for regular radio advertising rates.
Thursday, August 28th
W: Paying cash for junk cars and trucks (Paid through 10/13)
FS: Very nice 1 bedroom cabin for rent in Story. First and last month rent up front plus $200 security deposit. Non smoking, no pets, $650 per month.
Call: 683-2751 I
FS: 2003 Ford F550, 115K miles, flat bed, new 8 injectors, new fuel pump & EGR valve. $15,000
FS: 2000 Ford F150, 145K miles, $2500
Call: 307-686-0649, if no answer please leave message. VIII
FS: Twin mattress, box spring, old iron head board, foot board, and bed frame.
FS: New wooden shelves and brackets.
FS: Light fixtures, lamps, end table, jewelry armoire, vintage wine serving cart, plant stands.
Call: 751-5565 VIII
FS: Like new short box camper shell
FS: 100 year old player piano
FS: Short box Chevy, 55-58yr, trailer in good shape.
FS: 2+ tons of excellent grass, small bales of hay
FS: Mac tool box
Call: 673-4584 VI
WTD Handy Man Services: yard work, weed eating, mowing, power raking, gutter cleaning, tree trimming, painting, snow removal, has trailer for hauling.
Call Jack: 307-461-0691 II
Mountain View Colony in Broadview, Montana: 6 miles north of Parkman on old highway 345 at the junction of the Aberdeen exit and the old highway. Farmer's Market: all veggies, eggs, chickens, breads & rolls, baked goods, canned foods and pickles and much more. Call Tim for additional information at 406-667-2196 extension 306. I
Garden Produce sale. Located between Parkman and Dayton on old hwy 343. Full selection of garden vegetables; corn, cucumbers, zucchini, eggplant, cabbage, and kale. Monday and Thursday from 4 – 7 pm. Call Riki, 655-9400 for more info. I
Did you know you can list your garage sale on SheridanMedia.com for free? You can also view all the garage sales. Simply go to SheridanMedia.com and click on the garage sale link. Sheridan Media would like to thank our garage sale page sponsors Century 21 BHJ, Sheridan Community Federal Credit Union, ChemDry of Sheridan, and Cloud Peak Acupuncture. Don't forget to get your classified ads in the County Bounty. Sell your unwanted items and turn them into cash. Call the Country Bounty office at 674-4312. All Credit and Debit cards are accepted safe and secure. Call your classified ads in now. 674-4312. Deadline for classified ads is every Thursday at 1PM.
1. FR: 1 bedroom apartment for rent
Call: 672-2089
2. FS: DVDs
FS: corner cabinet
FS: men's hiking boots, size 8.
FS: large flower pot
Call: 307-533-2000
3. FS: Dill pickles and veggies
FS: 2 generators
FS: riding mower
FS: rototiller
Call: 672-0338
4. W: Small ATV trailer
Call: 655-9062
5. W: CD player
FS: 4 – 225 60 16" tires
Call: 737-2420
6. FS: small bales of hay
Call: 673-1821
7. Yard sale, Friday and Saturday.
511 Broadway in Dayton, 7 am.
8. LOST: Cane
Call: 737-2404
9. FS: 2 work benches
Call: 672-6463
10. FS: women's comfort bike $275
FS: Allen bike carrier $50
W: bike rack
Call: 751-5926 or 672-6259
11. Red door thrift store
Open today: 10 am until 3 pm.
12. Moving sale, 8 am Friday
2098 Brundage lane
13. W: two bedroom rental, cats allowed
Call: 509-491-7629
14. Elks bingo tonight, 6:30 pm
15. FS: Picnic table
FS: Recliner
Call: 674-4994
16. FS: Gas powered weed eater with accessories $50
Call: 757-1719
17. FS: Gas stove $300
Call: 674-9279 after 4 pm
18. FS: 3 burner propane stove
FS: Collectible plates
Call: 751-2818
19. FS: synthetic rifle stock
Call: 683-3061
20. FS: Office desk
Call: 751-4957


text:
(WMC-TV) - Ole Miss is home to the only legally grown marijuana crop in the nation and a new development there is creating quite a buzz.
Faculty and student researchers say they created a new pain reliever in the form of a patch.
Dr. Mahmoud Elsohly is a faculty member at the School of Pharmacy at Ole Miss. He and his team have been working inside their marijuana research lab for nearly seven years to find alternative uses for THC, which is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.
"The plant itself has a great potential for good medicine coming out of the Cannabis plant, but certainly not in smoking of the drug," said Dr. Mahmoud Elsohly.
Dr. Elsohly is not a fan of legalizing the drug, but he is a fan of his newest creation -- a pot pain reliever in the form of a patch that is placed over the gum line in patients who have problems taking the drug in pill form.
"In addition to pain, it includes things like reducing the optical pressure, therefore it would be good for glaucoma, would be good for alleviating the nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, would also be good for appetite stimulation," said Dr. Elsohly.
Formulas were first screened in rabbits, then pigs.
Dr. Elsohly believes the right formula will lead to testing in humans.
"So we're not really introducing anything strange to the body, other than the THC itself. We are just having to make it so that we'll make it possible to be absorbed through the mucus," he said.
More than 77,000 samples were prepared for analysis on this project. Early tests show the patch can work for up to 10 hours.
"Because of the way it is absorbed, it's almost like it's absorbed through the lungs, like the smoke, when you smoke, it goes to the lungs to the whole, entire body before going to the liver. Unlike the oral goes to the liver first and then goes to the rest of the body," said Dr. Elsohly.
The patch grew out of earlier experiments that did not go over so well.
Dr. Elsohly first tried making a pot suppository.
"Jay Leno was, had it on his show, when we first came up with the product and said, 'You know, Dr. Elsohly at Ole Miss has developed a way to, to , administer marijuana by suppository. You know how he came up with this idea?' They said, 'How?' He said, 'Well, he was smoking a joint and then he saw the cops and he went..'"
Ole Miss has not used its outdoor marijuana field since 2007, instead, everything is grown in a lab that is under 24 hour surveillance by the DEA.
Research on the pot patch got its kick start thanks to a national grant.
You can learn more about it by clicking here: http://news.olemiss.edu/um-scientists-develop-innovative-method-deliver-thc-2/
Copyright 2013 WMC-TV. All rights reserved.
1960 Union Ave.
Memphis, TN 38104
(901) 726-0555
FCC Public File
EEO Report
Closed Captioning


text:
Terms & Conditions.
Discount applied at checkout. Discount only valid with product from Fab's Travel Shop. May not be combined with any other offer/discount, including invitation credits, promotional gift cards and/or special discount links. Price match does not apply to items on clearance or items purchased from exclusive sales. Log in to your account to see your savings. Offer valid until until 12am PST August 31, 2014. Offer only valid with MasterPass payment method. Some exclusions apply.
Do your feet a favor. Made of high-quality combed cotton, these socks feature a reinforced toe and heel for continual comfort. Manufactured at a family-owned factory in Turkey with over 30 years of experience, they're crafted to last for years to come. Plus, in a set of three cheerful designs from Happy Socks, they're a welcome excuse to kick off your shoes.
Includes 3 pairs of socks. Unisex. Combed cotton blend.
This product has no reviews yet. Be the first to review this product. Write a review
Sign Up and Enjoy 20% Off.


text:
900 Washington Avenue South • Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415 • United States • Map
Phone: (1)(612) 455-8400 • Fax: (1)(612) 455-8410 • Visit Our Site
Stay and play awhile at the modern and chic Aloft Minneapolis. Located in the heart of downtown Minneapolis in the trendy Mill District, Aloft Minneapolis features a loft-inspired design with free-flowing urban energy, perfect for any trip to Minneapolis. Browse our Minneapolis hotel deals below and enjoy exclsuive offers and our best available rates.
Special perks for Starwood Preferred Guest® members:
Book online, or call 866-716-8143 and ask for rate plan SPG35B. Blackout dates apply.
Not a SPG® Member? Join today and discover just how rewarding membership can be.
Breeze on by Aloft Minneapolis next time you're watching the ballgame at Target Field. Mix, meet & mingle with friends at our W XYZ Bar or pop into re:fuel for a self-serve snack before the big game!
Book online, or call 866-716-8143 and mention rate plan MNTWINS.
We are located just across the street from this intimate, yet lively theater making it easy breezy to come back after a show for a great stay and keep the party going at w xyz barSM. We're all a-go-go for Guthrie!
Book online, or call 866-716-8143 and ask for rate plan GUTHRIE
See what all the buzz is about at University of Minnesota! At Aloft Minneapolis we're making it easy breezy to come back after a football game, student orientation, graduation or hundreds of other campus events. Keep the party going at our W XYZ Bar either before or after the big game. We're all a go-go for University of Minnesota!
Valid any day of the week now through the end of the year
Craving breakfast? Add breakfast to your stay for an additional $10.


text:
Akeela House
2804 Bering Street
Anchorage AK 99503
Telephone: (907) 561-5266
Fax: (907) 562-5041
Primary Focus: Substance abuse treatment services
Services Provided: Substance abuse treatment
Type of Care: Residential long-term treatment (more than 30 days)
Forms of Payment Accepted: Self payment, Medicaid, Medicare, private health insurance, Military insurance
Payment Assistance: Sliding fee scale based on income and other factors, Payment assistance
More Alaska Treatment Centers
If you are in need of immediate medical care, we encourage you to visit your nearest emergency room.
We largely depend on updates from center personnel. If you would like to report a change to the information on this page, please fill out this form.


text:
Waylett Breaks Wrist
HP actor Jamie Waylett said on his online diary (which includes a pic of him in his sling) that he fell off his bike and fractured his wrist. He doesn't seem to be ruling out conspiracies:
John said nobody was near me when I fell....But I'm sure I was pushed....
And I bet it was one of Harry or Ron's friends ;-)
New Interview with Jamie Waylett
Australian Potter site Harry Potter Fan Zone has a new interview with actor Jamie Waylett (Crabbe). In the interview Jamie talks about what it's like to work with new Goblet of Fire director Mike Newell, and has this tidbit of information about the upcoming film.
HPFZ: So Jamie, what's the deal? Could youContinued...
Waylett: More Funny Emails
Jamie Waylett (aka Crabbe) has updated his blog with more of his funniest emails, which were such a big hit last time:
11/ Are you and Josh brothers?...p.s. he is the one who plays Goyle.
12/ It says on you site that you were born on the 21st of July, 1989, so how old are you really?
13/ Why don't you stop being nastyContinued...
2004: The Year in HP: A Leaky Cauldron Review
Happy New Year everyone! Because 2005 is going to be such a big year for Harry
Potter fans, we thought now was a good time to look back at 2004, which
wasn't too shabby either where we're concerned. Editor Sue scoured our archives
and found all our 2004 highlights, so we hope you enjoy this littleContinued...
GIVE A GALLEON Update and Special Message from the HP Cast
We're halfway into our GIVE A GALLEON drive and more than half our inventory is gone, so get moving - give a Galleon, get a sticker and support literacy all at once.
A few of your friends from England wanted to tell you the same. They really wanted to say, nice and simply, to Give aContinued...
Waylett: Yule Ball Set Best Set in All Four Films
Jamie Waylett (a.k.a Vincent Crabbe) has updated his blog today with a tidbit of info on the upcoming filming of the Yule Ball, which will start soon:
The set for the ball is fantastic, probably the best set in all the four films, even if I was allowed to tell you what it looked like, I would notContinued...
Launch Party Report 2: Matt Lewis and Alfie Enoch Chat It Up
(Click each pic for larger version)
Every once in a while an interview comes along where little to no real interviewing
happens. Sometimes the interview subjects launch into such natural, relaxed
conversation that the best thing any reporter can do is sit back, press "record"
MTV's TRL GoF Intern Story Screencaps and Video
DanRadcliffe.com has screencaps of the MTV Goblet of Fire intern feature that aired tonight on TRL. Check it out! Also, MuggleNet now has the video up from the show as well. Thanks much to Jenna from Dan Radcliffe.com and MuggleNet!
Slide, Step 1-2-3: Dance lessons for Harry Potter Cast
Actor Jamie Waylett(Vincent Crabbe) has a new entry on his website where he lets know more about the DVD launch party in London. Just like fellow castmember Bonnie Wright(see below) Jamie mentions as well the rehearsals for a scene in the upcoming Goblet of Fire movie. The Yule Ball scenesContinued...
TLC PoA DVD Launch Party Report Part I
By Melissa Anelli for TLC
said it well enough. An accordion Marauder's Map, the first words inside read,
"Daylight will throw more light on a night time encounter," mysterious words that should have been clue enough that we should expect something thrilling.
It started with the soft drinks,Continued...
PoA DVD Launch Party: TLC's Report on the Way!
Hey all - it's just about 3:10 a.m. here in England but I'm still tap-tapping away at my report of tonight's PoA Launch party, an evening awash with sweets, color and tea leaves. Hang tight, because the details are forthcoming. Tomorrow, we'll have exclusive interviews with David Heyman,Continued...
Waylett Blog: Rumors Debunked
Jamie Waylett (a.k.a Vincent Crabbe) has updated his blog to debunk at least 10 rumors in answer to some emails he receives. Some of them include:
"1/ Dan Radcliffe is NOT going out with Emma Watson....or anybody else at the studio!
2/ To my knowledge, none of the cast go on any "chat rooms".....So doContinued...
Waylett: Great Hall Filming Goes "Hoggy Hoggy" at Hogwarts
Some news from JamieWaylett.com, the Web site of the actor who plays Vincent Crabbe:
This week we have been filming one of the "Great Hall" scenes, with Nearly all the main cast and about 250 - 300 "extras".
For those of you who know the books inside out you might be ableContinued...
Collectormania Pics at JamieWaylett.com
Jamie Waylett (aka Vincent Crabbe) has uploaded a report as well as some great pics from this weekend's Collectormania event in the diary and pictures sections of his Web site. Check it out!
A Quick Message from Jamie Waylett
As you've no doubt read by now, Jamie Waylett (a.k.a. Vincent Crabbe) was in the States this week for a little vacation. He asked us to tell you all that he WILL answer the rest of the questions you all sent in on the "Jamie Waylett Answers Your Questions" posts very soon. It's been a busy fewContinued...


text:
Town Square
Massive bike ride to come through Mountain View tonight
Original post made on Sep 18, 2009
Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, September 18, 2009, 2:39 PM
on Sep 18, 2009 at 11:50 pm
The police did a bad job keeping the bikes out of the streets. I was almost unable to get into the costco parking lot and was almost unable to drive on Rengstorff. Police were just sitting back and watching these people act like idiots. This San Jose Bike Party thing sounds like a stupid thing to me. And a very dangerous thing at that.
on Sep 19, 2009 at 1:12 am
Bikes have a legal right to the streets. Why would the police try to keep us off of them?
If the streets were crowded with cars, would you have the same frustration?
As for saying we were acking like idiots...I guess it takes one to know one.
on Sep 19, 2009 at 8:10 am
I was so angry last night! You screamed, yelled, blew horns, blew air horns all in the name of you having fun! I live one house away from where you all selfishly had your "fun!" Quite selfish since it was at other peoples expense. Some people use this time to rest or sleep since we have just got off work. Better yet I could have used one of you to help contain my mom who has altzheimers and could not understand your "party!"Maybe your ride should be highway 9 to Santa Cruz where you will not disturb otheres!


text:
Town Square
Editorial: Time to put brakes on San Antonio Center
Original post made on Mar 29, 2013
Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, March 29, 2013, 12:00 AM
on Mar 29, 2013 at 9:32 am
Thank you for this editorial. I agree wholeheartedly. Phase 1 depresses me every time I drive past. I miss being able to see the hills. I cringe from the dark shadows that the buildings cast down on San Antonio. The buildiings are too tall, too bulky, and too close to the road. In spite of the name, it doesn't look at all like Carmel or like a village. With the very narrow sidewalks, the lack bike lanes, the heavily used roadways and crowded intersections, I wonder how pedestrians, bikes, and cars will negotiate this area when construction is finished. Where will the residents play? Where will they go to school? If there are 600 children already in the NEC area already, with a projected 750 after construction, then how many total residents live in this densely populated area that lacks parks/schools/community spaces? And why hasn't MV provided space in the neighborhood for all of these residents to play/meet/exercise/go to school? The San Antonio area is shaping up to be a poorly planned, densely populated, traffic nightmare that lacks even the most basic amenities for its residents. The lack of planning will affect all of the surrounding areas, in addition to the NEC neighborhood, in terms of traffic and the use of neighboring facilities.
on Mar 29, 2013 at 11:21 am
Again, thanks for the editorial.
I am no genius. Far from it. Heck, I can barely spell the word without spell check. That said, no one and I mean no one, invests this much money in real estate and building this kind of center WITHOUT PLANS. Merlone Geier obviously has plans, it's just that no one seems to have asked them nicely/strongly enough, to show those plans OR to get the plans ratified by the community as a whole.
Frankly if I were Merlone Geier I would much prefer to escape scrutiny for my plans too. The thing is, we are obviously seeing some negatives already to the lack of oversight. I would not want to be an elected official later, when the town's populace asks, "Who knew what and when with regard to how this area got so messed up?" This corner is way too important to so many of us not to have meaningful overview into what is going on before it's too late. We are all too educated and too intimately involved to "just build it" and then see what we need to do to fix it. If something like this happened in a neighborhood close by, while we may have empathy, we would also laugh and wonder out loud why no one asked the tough questions before it was built. This is not a "Field of Dreams" situation where you "build it and they will come." This is the very future of our bustling community (to some extent it's past too) and the future of our children's lives and perhaps their children too.
Let's have a looksee at those plans, shall we?
on Mar 29, 2013 at 12:14 pm
It is a shame that these developments occur without the input of the people in the area being taken into account. You can have all the "public input" meetings you want. It doesn't mean the city councils will take the comments under advisement. These people are often not affected by the decisions they make and see them as part of their "vision" for the "good of the community". They need to realize that the people in the community are adults that know what they want and need and can do without a nanny to guide them.
This area NEEDS A SCHOOL! Why the council continues to drag more people in without the slightest concern for where the kids go to school is reprehensible. They dump the responsibility on the LASD and make those of us that live in MV but have children in LASD look like bad neighbors. The council needs to think about where those kids will go to school and stop letting tax revenue blind them to reason.


text:
My reading of your question is:
What is the term used to describe the situation, as per the sentence, where, although it's really a door, it effectively acts as a brick wall blocking the pathway.
Would that be what was meant?
- Home
- Members
- Testing
- Reference
- Articles
- Forums
- Resources
- For Teachers
- eBooks


text:
(UPDATE) VIDEO: Anthony Weiner loses his cool over 'Arab' jab
UPDATE: The Anthony Weiner campaign later posted a longer version of the incident on its Vimeo page.
The longer video starts still inside the bakery. After a few minutes of Weiner chatting with the store employees and declining a discount they try to offer him, he turns to leave. The critic seen in the other video can be heard in this video saying, "You're a scumbag, Anthony. Married to an Arab."
Weiner later told reporters the comment about his wife was why he felt the need to go back inside and confront the man.
Metro's original story is below.
After a formidable performance at Tuesday night's final Democratic mayoral candidate debate, Anthony Weiner lost his cool on the campaign trail again on Wednesday, flying off the handle in response to criticism from a Jewish voter.
The exchange was caught on video and posted online by Yeshiva World News reporter Jacob Kornbluh.
Weiner was leaving Weiss Family Bakery in Borough Park during a campaign stop when the shouting match started.
"That's a charming guy right there," Weiner says in response to the man's comments as he exits the bakery.
When the man continues to heckle Weiner, including calling him "disgusting," Weiner fires back, "It takes one to know one, jackass."
Clearly baited, he reels around and engages his critic, badgering: "What's that? What's that?"
"You're a bad example for the people," the man pressed, urging Weiner to "stay out of the public eye."
"What rabbi taught you that you're my judge?" Weiner demands of the man, who is wearing a yarmulke.
Weiner continues to question the man's "moral superiority," and indignantly adds: "By the way, I fought very hard for this community and delivered more than you will ever for your entire life!"
When the man disagrees, insisting "you delivered for yourself," Weiner declares his accusation "baloney."
"Your ignorance is being shown to the entire world," the candidate warns, gesturing to the myriad cameras and iPhones recording their dispute.
Follow Danielle Tcholakian on Twitter @danielleiat
You must be logged in to post a comment.


text:
Born in Hong Kong to an Irish-American businessman and Japanese mother, Chris Collins was raised in Tokyo, Japan, until the age of eight before moving to the United States. He spent the rest of his youth growing up in the suburbs of Washington, D.C.
Chris graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park, with a degree in Anthropology, and worked briefly as a contract archaeologist. He transitioned to the music industry where he played in band, managed talent, and promoted over 700 concerts in the Washington, D.C. area. He eventually found himself in Los Angeles with the ambition to produce television and film. Things came full circle when Chris found himself back in Maryland after landing a job as a writer on HBO's critically acclaimed series, The Wire, winning a WGA Award and being nominated for another.
Chris returns for his fifth season of FX's Sons of Anarchy as an Executive Producer. Other credits include Star Wars: The Clone Wars, the Starz television series Crash, and the award-winning documentary Disarm. Chris also created an anthology series, The Unknown, for Sony's digital platform, Crackle. He currently has a series in development at HBO, another series at Spike, and a feature at Warner Bros.


text:
This was discussed recently, but here goes again. To me "Academic" indicates either someone teaching at tertiary level, or someone who is carrying out research, either practical or esoteric, within a recognised academic institution such as a university.
Someone who is studying a subject in order to acquire a degree is a Student.
- Home
- Members
- Testing
- Reference
- Articles
- Forums
- Resources
- For Teachers
- eBooks


text:
Here is a list of the Top 10 Best Selling Cameras compiled by Amazon. Canon continues to dominate the digital photography marketplace, with 6 entries in this top list. It also comes as no surprise that compact cameras (digital point and shoot) make up the bulk of all cameras sold. Combining low price with feature-rich enhancements, compact digital cameras offer exceptional value.
It was not surprising to see the Fujifilm FinePix SL300 digital camera topping the best seller list. The FinePix SL300 features widely renown Fujinon Lenses are used popularly in numerous situations including satellites in outer space, TV/film, surveillance, and compact cameras. Starting with its straightforward design and operation, Dual Image Stabilization to prevent blurred images, the Fujifilm FinePix SL300 offers a level of "ease of use" consumers now demand. The FinePix SL300 also offers the flexibility of framing your shots through the crisp, clear electronic viewfinder.
For an up to date (updated every hour!) list of the world's best selling cameras, check out this great resource!
Top 10 Best Selling Cameras


text:
Having overseen the successful Academy S&C programme for five seasons, Ian moved up to the Senior Coaching team ahead of the 2012/13 season.
On graduating from Loughborough University he worked as a Lecturer in Sports Science and completed an Msc before moving to the RFU.
This was followed by two seasons with London Irish as well as running a consultancy business offering Sports Science support to National Leagues clubs before taking up his role with London Wasps.