text:
This October I spent a week in Buenos Aires, Argentina learning about Argentina's workers movement to recuperate factories.
During the recent corporate globalization inspired economic downturns in Argentina, workers confronted disaster when their capitalist workplaces often went bankrupt. To preserve income and avoid possible starvation, workers in failing plants in certain cases decided to recuperate their workplaces back into viable businesses despite the capitalist owner being unable to make a go of it.
Ignoring state opposition, aggressive competition, old equipment, and failed demand, workers in these instances took over roughly a hundred and ninety plants over the past five years. In each occupied workplace, we were told during our visit, not only did the capitalist owner leave the operation, so too did prior professional and conceptual employees including managers and engineers. Where the privileged employees felt their prospects would be better served if they looked elsewhere rather than clinging to a failing operation, the unskilled and rote workers had to recuperate their failing workplace or suffer unemployment. Thus to date the Argentine occupations, we were told by a highly conscious organizer in the movement, "have not been acts of ideology or followed a revolutionary plan." They have been, instead, "acts of desperate self defense." Yet most interestingly, provocatively, and inspirationally, after taking over a company, which usually required a struggle of many months to overcome political resistance from the state, and after then running the plants for a time, the recuperation projects have become increasingly visionary.
In addition to hearing about the overall situation of the "workplace recuperation movement," I visited an occupied hotel, ice cream plant, glass factory, and slaughterhouse, all recuperated by their prior manual, obedient, unskilled, and in most cases barely educated and sometimes even illiterate work force.
In each of these plants, ranging in size from about 80 to about 500 employees, as in all other plants recuperated by worker actions, the workers quickly established a workers' council as the decision making body. In such councils, each worker gets one vote and majority rule establishes overarching workplace policies. Workers call the process self management and each plant decides its own norms and relations.
Almost immediately, however, in most of the occupied plants, "workers leveled all salaries to the same hourly pay rate." Workplaces that varied from this egalitarianism tended to allow "slightly higher wages for those involved in the workplace longer and somewhat lower wages for those just coming aboard." Also, more recently, a discussion has begun about incentives. What type should they use, in what mix? Some workplaces have opted to pay more for conceptual and managerial labor. Others have paid more for more demanding and debilitating work. Most have stuck with equal pay rates for all, however. All have begun wondering, how can they best have equity "but also have incentives to induce hard work?" Even where more onerous work wasn't paid more, which was most places, we were told there was much concern that people now stuck in rote positions should "have opportunities and be educated to do more interesting work" and that there was also a reduced tendency to refuse to share knowledge because everyone saw general advance as being in everyone's interest, not just in an owner's interest.
In all the recuperated plants, although we were told certain tasks having to do with specifically capitalist control have proved "no longer relevant," we were also told "many other organizational, managerial, and otherwise empowering tasks previously done by professionals have needed to be accomplished by the remaining workers." A subset of the workers have thus taken up doing new tasks, including sometimes having to become literate as a prerequisite.
When I asked organizers whether there was a division of labor in workplaces like that found in capitalist corporations, with about a fifth of employees doing mostly or even only empowering and more pleasant labor, and with four fifths doing mostly or even only rote, repetitive, and more onerous labor, including the former dominating the latter by setting agendas, dominating debate, and otherwise establishing its will, the answers I got tended to agree that this difference between more empowered and more rote workers existed and then to talk about the need to induce workers to participate more not only in wage discussions, but in other discussions too. The answers didn't at first acknowledge that there was a structural impediment, not just old habits, interfering with participation. But then pressed further the organizers would agree that old divisions of labor countered egalitarian impulses though the only solution they offered was for more manual workers to learn to do managerial jobs. They failed to note or acknowledge that there wouldn't be enough such jobs to go around unless there was a change in the component tasks of jobs so that everyone had a share of empowering tasks.
In the ice cream plant we visited, for example, there were only two women workers. One was the treasurer. Asked what her class was, she at first didn't understand the query wondering what we could possibly have in mind, but then realized what we meant and said "of course, I am a worker like all others." To her this was obvious. My question was as ridiculous as if I had asked what gender she was. Beyond feeling like all the rest of the workers, being paid like all the rest of the workers, and having one vote like all the rest of the workers, it turned out, supporting her incredulity, that this treasurer also spent only half of each day dealing with finances and records. The other half of each day she worked on the assembly line. However, her situation was not typical. Questions repeatedly revealed that retaining some old work while doing some new more empowering tasks wasn't the only or even always the most typical job pattern for getting managerial assignments done. Rather, there were often people who did more conceptual tasks as their whole job without spending any time in assembly or other rote work. More, most people in the recuperated factories continued to do only their old jobs without taking up any new empowering aspects. Most people, in other words, still spent hour upon hour doing deadening repetitive labor, though now in a very new context.
Asked if she earned different pay than other workers, the treasurer/assembler said "no, I have the same pay rate, why would my pay be any different?" In further discussion this woman and others in the ice cream plant – and in other plants we visited later too – told us that "while workers aren't docked for laziness or rewarded greater pay for greater effort, anyone who slacks off comes before the whole council and is set right." Likewise, we were also told that under the auspices of the whole council there had been firings for "alcoholism, violence, etc." In short, pretty much universally in the occupied plants workers had to measure up to their workmates' satisfaction, which in practice seemed to mean that people had to do their jobs competently and contributing effort commensurate to their capacities as these were understood by the whole council. In short, with workers in charge, you either carried your weight, in accord with your capacities, or you heard about it.
When asked whether she was somehow different than other workers or whether other workers could also do the financial work she was proud of handling, the treasurer said "sure others could do it." Everyone else we asked also said "yes, of course everyone could do financial tasks, or in any case everyone could do some tasks of a conceptual sort." But when asked why only she and two other people in her workplace did treasury work while most workers in her ice cream factory still did only rote and repetitive tasks, neither the treasurer nor any other worker we queried thought this overall division was a failing, at least before being asked about it. "We are all workers," they said. "We are all friends. "We all share the joys and benefits of our shared effort." As long as they worked hard, gave their all, and had equal income, they didn't seem to feel it made a major difference who did what work. But it is important to remember, while we talked to workers, it was without exception workers who were doing the more empowering jobs.
In longer interviews, activists involved in the movement who were carefully watching its evolution all agreed that a persistent division between more and less empowered workers was problematic and something to overcome lest it undo other gains they believed in, but they offered no specific plan for how to accomplish such a change and generally indicated that a prior concern was being successful and keeping jobs.
In the slaughter house we visited, beyond the subset of workers who did empowered labor we were told that the full council of just under 500 workers elected an eight person board serving for daily administration. We met with these eight employees who were all former rote/repetitive workers but were now doing conceptual tasks and also, beyond that, were voted to the board by the whole assembly. Their salary was unchanged by becoming board members, they reported to us. It had also been unchanged by their earlier graduating to doing more conceptual and empowering work.
We watched, squeamishly, the slaughter house assembly line dismantling cows, with each worker on the line doing a single cutting motion over and over, the sum total being the cutting of the cow into parts for later treatment. The workers council had changed workplace conditions to the point where such assembly workers got much time off, spread through the day, to alleviate the stress and strain of their constant repetitive motions. The council hadn't, however, redesigned the slaughter house technology to change the actual tasks to be less repetitive and debilitating, nor had it even thought about doing so, as best we could determine from our discussions.
The glass factory we visited also had equal wages for all and a governing council of employees who saw themselves as workers even while doing entirely managerial and planning functions. We watched rote workers tending furnaces and carrying hot glass from station to station and learned that they got a half hour off for each hour spent scurrying in the heat to match the speed of assembly. This was a big change from the capitalist past, as was, of course, the equalization of all pay rates and presence of previously rote workers doing conceptual and empowered tasks. When I asked in this glass factory whether the men and women carrying the glass and tending the furnaces could do more conceptual and less onerous work for a part of their day, everyone said "of course they could, every effort was made to permit people to change jobs, to learn new skills, etc.," especially "since we now know everyone is capable of it." And it was clearly true that this was their intent, at leastup to the limits of the roles imposed by the existing division of labor.
Sitting with board members of the glass factory, I asked what would happen if they went to the whole council and said they wanted higher pay due to their carrying heavy responsibilities or having more knowledge. They laughed and said "we would be removed from our positions, and back on the line." I said, "okay, but what if you do more conceptual and skilled work for the next five years, might you not then get higher wages for being more critical to daily operations, more knowledgeable, providing more leadership at council meetings, etc.?" The council president laughed and said, "well, yes, that might happen and it would be nice wouldn't it." In longer interviews we discovered that indeed at council meetings the workers who were doing the empowering tasks, those who were the treasurers, etc., did set the agendas, chair the sessions, and provide nearly all critical information – over and over.
Perhaps the most surprising and in some ways most troubling interchange was with the elected president of the glass factory and a couple of other workers who were present as well. I asked whether they thought workers in other more successful plants that were still under the auspices of owners would emulate the recuperation movement's accomplishments and seek to take over and run their profitable plants too, seeking to self manage them and to thereby make them dignified as well as to share their rewards equitably. With no hesitation at all, the workers said no.
They explained that workers in successful plants would fear that to occupy and run their workplaces would diminish rather than improve their conditions, in addition to fearing being fired or repressed if their uprising failed. They said that prior to actually fighting for and winning control over their work lives they didn't realize what a difference it would make to their fulfillment to not have profit-seeking bosses. They were quite adamant that their current commitment to the new way of operating depended for its origin and its power on their having had to fight for the plant and then to run it in order to survive, but that their commitment didn't exist before that.
I asked, "if I tomorrow opened a plant down the road and offered to hire you to work there at twice the pay you are getting here, but also told you that you would have to work for me and my managers, would you do it?" They laughed and told me "you would need to shoot us, literally, to get us to leave our self managed glass plant to work at a capitalist plant of any kind, at any pay rate." So "why couldn't they convey that lesson to their friends working elsewhere and thereby motivate them to seek change too," I asked. They shrugged. They didn't see it as likely. Worse, it wasn't on their agenda.
Overall, the most striking and inspiring thing about these factories was the workers' spirit. These harsh workplaces, having collapsed under capitalist tutelage and often utilizing outdated or failed technologies were recuperated into success, and the workers were proud of that achievement. The new success that the former owner couldn't attain clearly rested in part on diminishing costs by eliminating inflated managerial and professional salaries, but no doubt also on increased worker effort due to workers no longer resisting control from above but, instead, feeling the workplace was theirs. Workers were clearly enjoying not only good wages but improved conditions and status, and, above all, they were operating with a degree of dignity and pride as well as with a level of mutual concern and solidarity that to my experience is simply unknown in capitalist workplaces. This spiritual gain was palpable everywhere we visited. But so, regrettably, was the disinclination to try for more.
Among the plants, we heard that there were even collective funds established to aid newly recuperated firm's initial efforts by transferring start up aid from more established firms to initially struggling ones. We were told there was also the beginning of attention to trying to transact with one another beyond market competition, guided instead by social values and solidarity. But when queried further, workers in the occupied plants also reported that whether they liked it or not they had to compete for market share. At first this was horribly difficult, they said, as other firms buying their intermediate goods shied away. But in time they were able to "keep costs down, provide quality output, and go out and get customers." It was clear in discussing all this, however, that market competition had powerful influence over the scope of decisions the self managing could undertake. Workers councils couldn't initiate too much improvement in conditions lest other firms, with managers to inflict speed-up and to cut costs, out compete them. This deadening effect of markets hadn't yet reversed the workers' humane inclinations, but it was clearly a brake on their enlargement and was already slowing down humane innovations.
I don't see how anyone, no matter what prior expectations and orderings they might bring with them, could look at these Argentine occupied plants and deny the chief lessons they teach. Capitalist society horribly under-utilizes most people by providing them only rote and repetitive labor and stifling their confidence, creativity, and initiative until they feel that repetitive obedient labor is all they should or could be doing. This is called education, but it is really degradation.
Argentina's recuperated factory movement shows that in a matter of months even after being slogged and flailed their whole lives through, even when they are barely literate or are illiterate, working people can take up tasks supposedly beyond their ken and accomplish them honorably and effectively. Likewise, Argentina's occupied factories display the powerful spontaneous desire of people who haven't been socialized into elitist mindsets to earn equitably and to apportion power fairly rather than dominate or be dominated.
Beyond those key lessons, however, different people will likely see different things when viewing Argentina's occupied factories. I saw, for example, that without changing the division of labor so that all workers equally share conceptual and empowering tasks, even the profoundly egalitarian and participatory impulses of these factories would tend to decline and be overcome. If a relatively few employees, even originating from the shop floor of each workplace, even if they were freely voted to their higher positions, rose to do all the empowering tasks while the rest of the workers stayed mired in only repetitive tasks as earlier, in time the few doing empowered labor would dominate council discussions, set meeting agendas, impose their will regarding policies, and finally reward themselves greater salaries and benefits as well.
In short, despite almost universal egalitarian intentions, employees set off from other workers by a division of labor that gives a few more status, knowledge, skill, and confidence than those left doing only rote labor would become what they had sincerely sought to eliminate, a new dominant class, this time, however, not of owners, but of empowered employees or what I call coordinators, in any event again ruling workers from above.
Argentina's defensive workplace projects, growing in number each month, each start with no owners and no "coordinator class" of empowered workers. They also start with a tremendous desire not only to succeed as businesses but to share the benefits of success equitably via equitable pay rates, improved conditions, democratic decision making, and recallable officials. But, if the old corporate division of labor persists in these recuperated plants, it seemed clear that all the desirable innovations would in time depend on good will and humane aspirations that would continually buck up against and be relentlessly eroded by the structural difference between the few doing empowering work and the many doing only rote work. On the other hand, it also seemed evident that if the workers became as self conscious about everyone doing a fair share of the empowering labor as they were about equalizing pay rates, then their aspirations for classlessness would not only reside in their hearts, but would also be structurally propelled by a new division of labor which would facilitate and advance rather than erode their gains.
The problem of the market and broader economy would still remain, even in that more hopeful case, however. Understanding the market's debilitating implications for each workplace and seeing what kinds of changes would reduce those ills and in time finally auger in new allocation relations in place of markets would also need to become a priority for a movement that would transcend present relations. Beginning to counter market pressures would also be key to reversing what seemed to us the least admirable feature of the Argentine movement, its insularity in each firm and the workers' seeming lack of desire to address non recuperated firms by demanding changes in them too.
Finally, it was disturbing to hear workers describe how if they had been employed in successful plants they would not have sought to run them as they would in that case not have been pushed by necessity and would also not have understood the debits of their position and the possibilities of liberation. It sounded like evidence someone might offer on behalf of vanguard organizing by an enlightened few who would drag along the unenlightened many even against their lack of awareness and inclination. The only rebuttal, I think, would be not to deny the facts offered by the workers, but to argue that we should simply reject the elitist "solution" as being contrary to our broader goals and require, instead, that movements figure out how to inspire and support action in successful firms as well as in collapsed ones, and how to do this not via a top down process that would lead in ways preserving class division, but by a sideways growth in ways generating activism consistent with classlessness. We have to not only beat capitalists, we have to attain for whole economies true and full self management.


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Race car suspension Class
by Ranger Mike
Tags: class, race, suspension
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Jul30-09, 02:53 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
Ok, here is how we determine the proper springs for each corner of the race car. you asked about loads on each wheel..well here is an example of our old door slammer running on a medium banked asphalt track.
Stock suspension with solid rear axle.
We calculated that it is under 1.3 Gs in the turn. " F= ( m*v^2 ) / R " is correct formula
one more piece to ponder..
from our cone killing days in SCCA Autocross..skid pad testing ,,go to parking lot, airport,,what ever, set up circle 200 to 300 feet in diameter, drive around the cirle as fast as you can without spinning out..
G = 1.225 x R / T squared
R= Radius of the turn in feet
T = Time in seconds to complete a 360 degree turn
typical Corvette corners at .84gs
road race sedan like Tran Am 1.15 Gs
if you know the tire performance curve from the manufacturer charts weight (vertical load in static pound) vs Traction (lateral load in lbs) you can calculate the Cornering efficiency.
This particular car weighs 2800 lbs. of 35% of weight will transfer under 1.3 G
and 75% will be on front end due to engine weight and corner loading
2800 lbs. X .35% = 980 lbs. transferring or loading tires
75% of 980 lbs. = 720 front end weight
divided by three to determine wheel rate ( two front springs and sway bar )
so we need wheel rate of 240
Wheel rate = (Length of A-arm divided into inside frame mount point to center of spring mounting point) squared
times spring rate
now the hard part
get out the tape measure and measure bottom front A-arm length
1. inside frame mount point to center of outside ball joint
2. distance from inside frame mount point to center of spring mounting point
stock Chevy A-arm is
16.5 inch inside frame mount point to BJ and 9 inch from inside frame mount point to center of spring pocket
assume you have a 800 lbs. spring
wheel rate = 9 / 16.5 = .54
.54 x .54 x 800 = 233 lbs. spring required to handle weight transferred
run a little stiffer sway bar and tune from here..
Chances are the Gs are off a little but we need a baseline t ostart andthis is as good as any.
Jul31-09, 05:10 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
We can see the effect of wheel rate regarding spring placement. Conventional coil over shock A-arm layout and the Formula Car inboard suspension which has a lot less unsprung weight.
Aug1-09, 10:28 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
gotta go wrench on the race car..up next is differnet types of control arm suspension
let me know ifin i missed something and will try to cover it?
Aug4-09, 10:46 AM
Great information! I wish I was at the point in my automotive tinkering to design a suspension. Unfortunately I'm at the will of aftermarket parts manufacturers until then! Interesting to read, though.
Aug11-09, 05:56 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
Lets look at the true suspension mounting points on a Formula Car. Note that once you measure the FC, it is pretty easy to determine the Camber change regarding Bump and Droop. Remember..its all about tire contact patch.
Aug11-09, 06:02 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
Lets look at the suspension during corner entry ..as regarding chassis Roll. You have to control Sprung Weight and its effect on weight transfer, i.e. tire loading...note the change in Roll Center location..camber changes. You have to use the proper springs and Anti Roll Bar ( sway bar in Kentucky) to counter the Roll.
Question - How can we re-design the chassis and make it better at handling the effect of chassis Roll??
Sep4-09, 11:46 AM
Mike.............very interesting reading.
Question..........Im running a winged pavement sprint car. Something that has always troubled me is the height of the front and rear roll centers on a typical sprint car with front and rear panhard bar. Front roll center height is usually around 11" and level side to side and approx 3" to the right.
Rear panhard height is usually around 13-14" and runs uphill 1 - 1 1/2" and approx 3" to the right as well.
Tire temps seem not bad.........with all tires around 115-120 across the tire with the exception of the right rear which usually runs about 140.
I am wondering what effect lowering the roll centers both front and rear would have ?
Also..........the more static caster I run.....lets say 10deg on the right front and 7deg on the left front ( this is pretty typical of a pavement sprint car )...........if I increase this, does this jack more or less weight into the car as I turn to the left ?? In other words.....if I increase the amount of front caster will this free the car up in the center of the turn ???
Thanks Mike.............I look forward to your response.............Kenny
Sep7-09, 05:04 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
Kenny ..sorry for the delay...I just returned from Mid Ohio..got the checker and got a third after the fuel cell foam deteriorated and clogged the fuel filter..ugg
please let me research the answer
1. do you run a front straight axel
2. do you run a solid or in dependant rear axle?
3. do you know how much akermann you have on the front?
4. do you know how much bump steer?
i got to brush up on areo thing regarding sprints
i helped an asphault sprint guy who converted to vintage sprint and the springs were way off after he removed the wing..got to dig my notes out
will reply asap
Sep7-09, 05:48 PM
Mike............thanks for the reply.
Sorry to hear about the foam ordeal...........been there myself.
ok.......Im running a solid front axle and a live rear axle..........no independant suspension allowed.
I currently have no ackerman in the front end ( hmmm.......I just assumed this since both my steering arms have the same CL-CL where the tie rod attaches)
No bump steer as per the usual with the exception of bump input into the drag link. I would think that this would be minimal since I only have an inch of suspension travel and a 49" long drag link that I run level to start with. 9" CL-CL on the pitman arm
Im running a 375 spring on the LF and a 400 spring on the RF........these are monted on the solid axle about 7" from the king pin CL
In the rear Im running a 250-275 RR spring mounted on the birdcage and a 225 - 250 LR spring mounted on the birdcage. I would assume that there is no motion ratio involved since the birdcage goes up and down with wheel travel the same amount. I allways run 25lbs of split across the rear with the bigger spring on the RR. Left side weight is about 56.5 percent.....rear weight is about 60 percent
Thanks again.....kenny
Sep8-09, 04:51 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
My reference is " Circle Track Suspension by Forbes Aird published by Motorbooks International Power Pro series
Beam axles were the first type of axle used on racer cars. these were dropped in favor of the independent suspension because of the room required for vertical movement, excessive unsprung weight ( leaf spring) and forces that interfered with steering. Today's spring car beam axle has been refined to greatly reduce unsprung weight thur coil over shocks , light wheels etc...the steering problem remains. For all their problems the one piece of good news is the camber remains unchanged no matter what the chassis does ( as long as the track remains dead smooth). When you drive over a dip or BUMP on the track you encounter shimmy. A bump applied to one wheel on a beam front end would cause the wheel to steer abruptly a few degrees, because of gyroscopic effect, that steering action would be communicated through the tie rod, to the wheel on the other side which was being tilted through the same camber angle at the same time. Under certain conditions, the two wheels together would generate a gyroscopic torque that would pick up the " down side" wheel and slam the first wheel back onto the track surface toed-in. The whole cycle would continue into uncontrollable flapping of the front wheels.
Bump steer with a beam axle is tuff to cure because no single point on the chassis, for either wheel, is a fixed center of movement for both bump travel land chassis roll while cornering. In Bump, each wheel arcs around the contact point of its mate on the other side. In roll, the center of motion is near the middle of the car. So it is a given we gotta live with the Bump steer we have.
I assume the Center of Gravity (CG) front (usually the cam shaft height) and rear is Above the Roll Center (RC) front and rear. Now we know that the hot set up is soft springs to minimize chassis stress and track surface irregularities but they lead to chassis ROLL. Why not raise the RC to reduce this chassis roll ( shorten the distance between the CG and RC means a shorter lever ). ???
On a beam axle set up , when a wheel bumps ,the axle tilts. If the RC is located some distance above the ground, ( all sprint cars are) it will be forced to move sideways as the axle moves in an arc around the far side tire. This lateral shove to the car may cause the tire to break traction.
Leaving the RC near ground level would require very stiff springs ( you have a long lever from CG to RC) to control roll. This may l;ead to heavy springs up front and lighter springs on the rear thus causing " porpoising " over bumps...no way..
so we have the classic compromise.
All my research says the typical spring car has a front RC between 8 and 10 inches and there rear is near axle level.
I think your RC is a little high in front and I would experiment on lowering it.
I would look into a J-Bar to replace the rear Panhard bar..Will lower the rear as well. They even make a HALO Bar.
Caster looks good and would not change it,,
RR tire temp is a little high but says you got grip driving off the turns,,maybe get more heat in the lft rear??? are you carrying the left front wheel coming off the turns?
that RR tire temp is most likely from your Toe since you wild eyed sprint car type do a lot of steering with the right foot...going like He-- until you see God then turn left!!!
all and all..sounds like a VERY Close to optimum set up...
Sep8-09, 01:13 PM
thanks for your reply Mike.
Ok.......crank hight is 9" cam looks to be about 5.5 " above this, so ya ......14.5" CG and ya...I'll go with about a 10" front roll center. Front tires are 24" diameter and the axle is 2.25 diameter with the panhard spud mounted to the bottom of the axle.
The problem Im experiencing is the car allways seams to be tight coming off. and infact did try and carry the LF, if not both front tires. Ive got the top wing almost over the front axle to try and keep the front end down
To correct this problem I went up to a 375RR spring and a 350LR spring to try and keep the front of the car down. Im running a short 4 link ( 27.5 CL-CL ) in the rear, and since Ive put this in the car hooks up REEL hard and wants to lift the front end. The bigger rear spring definitaly helped to keep the front end down, but I feel that the car wents to step out.....not loose...........but more like the rear tires are sliding laterally across the track ( if that makes sense to you )
Sep8-09, 01:14 PM
oh.........forgot...........does more or less caster affect weight jacking as you turn the wheel ?
Sep8-09, 05:09 PM
Very well done, Ranger Mike. I am just about to enbark on designing and fabing front uprights for a dwarf car to lower the amount of scrub. I have some pictures of an IRL car and their uprights to start from.
My question is the effect of the height of the spindle from the lower ball joint on the front end geometry. I would like to raise it in order to lower the ride height of the car. I have not seen any articles on it (I have the Steve Smith book on race car suspensions) I have a pretty good physics background from GMI. I was going to go and do some 4-bar linkage diagrams on my own, but if you have some information, I would appreciate it.
As for the push off in the sprint car, I would say it is either in your stagger (you did not mention how much you run) or the rear steer. The car is standing up on the rear tires and the front end geometry has little to do in the equation when a is as positive as with you or a top fuel dragster!!!.
Sep8-09, 08:34 PM
I try and run around 4" of stagger................but really......Im stuck with what ever I get from the tire truck.......which is usually between 3.5 and 4 "
LR radius rods-
lower @ 1 degree down
upper @ 1" spread at frame..........in other words if the bird cage spacing was 5" CL-CL then the radius rods would be 6" CL-CL at the chassis ( I have spuds to run them both down hill 1 degree, but have found that the car hooks up SIGNIFIGANTLY better with the upper radius rod uphill )
RR radius rods-
lower @ 1 degree up
upper @ 1" spread same as LR
I would really like to try and make the rear 4 link work with sum other changes..............I feel Im very close, but would love to hear any input.
Along with the rear spring rate increase I went to a straight 6 valve RR shock, wich also helped.
I would like to run as little as 2" of stagger............I feel if I can get the car to turn true the center of the corner with this, that the car should come off the corner MUCH harder...yes indeed....much like a top fuel dragster.
Umm.............is the general rule for rear panhard bar angle 10% of total length ??? In other words if your panhard bar was lets say 25 " then you would want to be no more then 2.5" higher on the frame ???
Sep9-09, 03:58 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
When a car with positive caster turns left, the left front corner will rise and the rt. ft corner will dip. The amount of these changes depends on the amount of pos. caster used combined with the spindles steering axis inclination angle. The steering axis inclination angle multiplies the effect of the pos. caster and associated corner lift and drop. The greater the steering axis inclination, the more posative caster will change the corner height of the car as the wheel is steered. This effect is caused by the curved path that the spindle pin follows as it is turned about the steering axis.
As the car is steered left and the left ft corner rises, the result is the same as jacking weight into that corner. The chassis gains weight at the left front and right rear corner, and loses weight at the rt. ft and left rear. This effect takes some cross weight out of the chassis. The more positive caster used at the left frt. and the greater there steering axis inclination angle, the greater the loss of cross weight in the chassis as it turns left.
Kenny, whe nyo uscale the car you can see this as you crank the steering wheel.
btw..what is the king pin angle...and steering axis inclination angle you are running??
Sep9-09, 04:18 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
i am working on it..also kennys question
Sep9-09, 04:41 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
jaybee 17
Overall height of the spindle upright effects Roll Center (RC). shorter spindle height ( upper Ball Joint to Spindle shaft center line) with everything else the same, will LOWER the RC height. This is because the shorter spindle produces a longer instant center. the shorter instant center to the wheel it is drawn from , the higher the Roll Center.
you can change the RC by shortening the lower BJ center distance relative to the Spindle shaft center line as well.
you can lower the RC by raising ( relative to the track surface) the inboard upper A-arm mounting point.
you can lower the RC by lowering ( relative to the track surface) the inboard lower A-arm mounting point.
get performance trends software to take the headache out of the calculations..
I would look at three link rear suspension to cut my teeth on,,,,the four link is very tricky to learn...
Sep9-09, 05:27 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
Panhard bar should be mounted level at the desired RC height to begin with... don't know about that rule of thumb.
minimum stagger you need is:
D + .5 (TW) x CL \ D - .5 (TW)
where D is the track diameter in feet
TW = rear track width of the car in feet ( divide inch measurement by 12)
CL = the left rear tire circumference
example- race track has 200 ft. diameter
car has 64 inch track (64 / 12 = 5.33 inch)
left rear is 86 inch circumference.
run the numbers and you get 88.33 inch right rear circumference or MINIMUM 2.33 inch stagger.
if you run a spool add 10 percent to minimum stagger..if the track banking is 0 to 10 degrees, add another ten percent..if banking is 15 degrees up..take off ten percent from min. stagger
Four link has advantage of good forward bite because the upper links are mounted up hill. anytime the forward link is up hill the the rear end is trying to go up under the chassis during acceleration and this increases loading on the tires, these 4 links setups create oversteer as the body rolls. the right rear is pushed back and the left rear is pulled forward which helps the car turn going through the corner without breaking traction.
all I can tell you is ball park settings on the links..uppers should be 15 to 17 degrees up hill angle. the right upper max angle is 18 degrees and min. angle is 14 degrees.
the left upper usually has 3 to 5 degrees less angle than the right so the two links will be parallel through the corner. the lower links are usually 2 inches shorter. this reduces roll oversteer. the most common setting on the lowers is 5 degrees down.
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For the 12th year in a row, SYLVANIA will sponsor the fall Cup race at NHMS in the form of the SYLVANIA 300. The race will again serve as the second race in the Chase for the Sprint Cup, where it functions as a stepping stone for aspiring champions. The 2014 playoff-style NASCAR Chase will take on a brand-new format with 16 contenders eligible for the championship, and this race will serve as the second race in the Challenger (First) Round of the Chase.
The race weekend will feature fan events and races from other series, including the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, which will return to NHMS for the first time since 2011. The trucks will race the UNOH 175 at 1 p.m. on Sat., Sept. 20, which will be a part of a tripleheader with the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour F.W. Webb 100 at 3:30 p.m., and the Bond Auto Parts ACT Invitational at 5 p.m.
Tickets to the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series SYLVANIA 300 start at $35 and range up to $125 depending on location. Check out the NHMS Grandstand Map to find the best seats for your interests.
New for 2014, New Hampshire Motor Speedway will offer children's tickets to the Camping World RV Sales 301. Tickets for children ages 12-and-under will be half-price in comparison to the adult price for the same seating section.
Please call Guest Services at (603) 783-4931 to speak with a live ticket representative or buy tickets online through Ticketmaster.
Fans that purchase tickets for both races are encouraged to join our (free) Loud'N'Proud Perks program.
|Thursday, Sept. 18
|5:00 p.m.
|WOKQ FanFest with Hauler Parade
|Friday, Sept. 19
|8:00 am.
|Gates Open
|4:35 p.m.
|SYLVANIA 300 Qualifying (NSCS)
|5:30 p.m.
|F.W. Webb 100 Qualifying (NWMT)
|Saturday, Sept. 20
|8:00 am.
|Gates Open
|1:00 p.m.
|3:30 p.m.*
|F.W. Webb 100 (NWMT)
|5:00 p.m.*
|Bond Auto Parts ACT Invitational (ACT)
|5:30 p.m.
|Speedway Children's Charities Memorabilia Auction
|Sunday, Sept. 21
|8:00 a.m.
|Gates Open
|1:30 p.m.
|Driver Introductions
|2:00 p.m.
This schedule is a list of the weekend's highlights. Please note that the schedule is subject to change without notice. See below for a more detailed schedule of the weekend.
*Saturday race start times are subjective to the day's previous events and may start earlier than scheduled. Fans are encouraged to arrive early.
New Hampshire Motor Speedway race fans can rev up their race-day experience by purchasing a pre-race pit pass for Sunday of race weekends.
Pre-race pit passes are $100 per person and include infield admission only (grandstand seating must be purchased separately). Passes for children 14-and-under are $50.
With a pre-race pit pass, fans can experience pit road from a crew member's perspective before the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races. Fans may roam the pit area in the morning before the race, where they can check out pit boxes and many of the race cars, as well as get a front row view of the pre-race festivities.
The access does not guarantee driver interaction, but many fans have been seen snapping a quick photo or grabbing an autograph from a driver on his way through the infield. It does not give access to the Sprint Cup garage area. Please see the "Pre-Race Pit Pass Policy" for more.
NASCAR Camping World Truck Series
5:00-6:00 p.m. - Autograph Session with Select Drivers
S2 Midway (free)
NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
11:00-11:45 a.m. - Autograph Session
S2 Midway (free)
Danica Patrick
Time TBA - Moderated Q&A
Magic Mile Club (ticket required)
Please note that this schedule is subject to change without notice. The list should not be considered comprehensive, as some off-site driver appearances may be scheduled without the coordination of New Hampshire Motor Speedway.
Danica Patrick's "Magic Mile Club" Q&A
Danica Patrick will visit the Magic Mile Club before the SYLVANIA 300 on Sept. 21. Tickets to the Magic Mile Club include Pre-Race Pit Passes and may be packaged with any ticket order.
Already a ticket holder? Please call Guest Services at (603) 783-4931 to upgrade to a package of your choice. You will only be charged the difference in price.
|Chase Clinching Scenarios for Richmond
|Stewart-Haas Set for Sept. 2-3 Test Session
|Venturini to Make Cup Co-Anchor Debut at NHMS
|OSRAM SYLVANIA Launches Two Promos for Fans
|Anchors Aweigh: Biffle Visits N.H. Seacoast
|Greg Ives Named Junior's 2015 Crew Chief
|Magic Mile Power Rankings: Media Tour Edition
|Bond Named 'Official Auto Parts Retailer'
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|Sprint Cup Series Pole Day
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Anti-gay-rights California Republican Arrested For DUI After Visiting Gay Club
By John Amato March 5, 2010 10:00 am - Comments
Here's another Republican hypocrite who attacks gay rights for his own political gain, but appears to have indulged in the lifestyle he maligns. Sour
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They Have No Shame, Do They? Rachel Rips Bart Stupak For Hypocrisy
'Lone Wolf' Anti-government Extremist Opens Fire At The Pentagon. But Let's Not Call It Terrorism.


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Prepare for fantasy battles with the onslaught of BattleLore Second Edition. Set in the fantasy realm of Terrinoth, BattleLore Second Edition is a two-player board game focused on squad-based battles between the hardy defenses of the Daqan Lords and the unleashed ferocity of the Uthuk Y'llan.
BattleLore Second Edition comes with a game board, ninety-two detailed figures, forty-three map overlay pieces, more than one-hundred fifty cards, rules, four custom dice, and everything else you need to win the borderlands of Terrinoth!
The copyrightable portions of BattleLore Second Edition are © 2013 Fantasy Flight Publishing, Inc. BattleLore is a registered trademark of Fantasy Flight Publishing, Inc.


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You got the fever? Milwaukee patios are on fire
Published June 19, 2013
As few as 10 years ago, you would have been hard-pressed to find a restaurant with outdoor or patio seating. Yet, these days, a restaurant without a patio is more the exception than the rule. But what makes a patio great?


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We pay for the shipping back to our warehouse if you are not fully satisfied. A true testament to the confidence in the quality of our furniture. No Re-Stocking Fees, No-Hidden Charges. Along with our 30-day Money-back Guarantee, you will have 100% Satisfaction with every purchase from Westminster.
Teak Modular Lounge Seating: Cushions & Bolster Pillows Included
The Aman Dais Corner unit is a component of the Aman Dais modular teak sectional collection. It can be configured to fit any function or style; quickly transforming the pieces into an outdoor teak daybed or settee for your loggia or pavilion. It will easily adapt to an indoor setting by changing the cushion covers with a decorative fabric of your choice.
As you browse through our pages and speak with our knowledgeable customer representatives, you will find there are quite a few reasons why many have returned and recommended others to shop with us over the past 12 years. Here are some that we often hear why many of our customers think we stand out:
All arrived in wonderful condition and are of high quality. We already had a Westminster Teak round table and four chairs that have worked well for us.
Thus, reason we ordered.
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I dont know the issue date of the SFM I'm after, but it has a bull shark in deep blue water on the front cover. The title Bad Boys! is shown on the front in bold. I'm viewing the cover from a youtube video about shark rigs. To see the issue I'm refering to, you can search "how to make shark rigs" on YouTube posted by BlacktipH on March 29, 2008.
I would appreciate any help on this matter.


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EYEWITNESS LOCAL NEWSDeep Freeze Brings Bitter Cold Wind Chills To Tri-State Area, Most Schools Closed
from Eyewitness News Online
Reported: Jan. 7, 2014 6:31 AM EST
Updated: Jan. 7, 2014 1:03 PM EST
CHARLESTON, W.Va. (Bethany Simmons, Doug Harlow, AP) -- Temperatures across West Virginia fell to frigid temperatures Monday night.
The National Weather Service's website showed temperatures fell to 5 degrees below zero in Lewisburg and 4 degrees below zero in both Bluefield and Morgantown on Monday night. The three cities broke records for Jan. 6 that were set back in 1988.
The city of Pakersburg also tied a record set in 1942 as the temperatures fell to minus 3 degrees. Meanwhile, about 6 a.m., Beckley, Elkins and Lewisburg all reported minus 8 degrees. Wind chill warnings remain in effect across the Mountain State.
Eyewitness News Storm Team Meteorologist Doug Harlow said that gusty winds put wind chills down to -20 to -30 overnight Monday into Tuesday and that Tuesday's 6 a.m. wind chills were the lowest they had been in 20 years.
Harlow also warned that frostbite is possible in less than 20 minutes on skin that is exposed to the bitter cold. The Eyewitness News Storm Team was forecasting the high for Tuesday would reach about 10 degrees, but that it would remain blustery throughout the day.
Conditions could be even more frigid in higher elevations. The temperature at Snowshoe about 6:45 a.m. Tuesday was actually -15 with a wind chill of -40.
Watch your exclusive Eyewitness News Storm Team forecast on the Weather page of wchstv.com.
Most schools throughout the Eyewitness News viewing area were closed Monday and Tuesday. See a complete list of school closings and delays on wchstv.com.
Meanwhile, a few hundred West Virginian's were without power Tuesday. Some 170 Appalachian Power customers in Wayne County and 165 customers in Putnam County were in the dark as of about 7 a.m., according to Appalachian Power's website. You can get the most updated power outage numbers across our region by logging on to Appalachian Power's website and clicking "outages."
-Graphic was created by Meteorologist Doug Harlow and is from Tuesday at approximately 6 a.m.
AP contributed to this report.
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Updated Dec 26, 2012 - 10:35 am
ESPN: Justin Upton primed for bounce-back season
At least not yet, anyway.
The 25-year-old who hit .280 with 17 home runs and 67 RBI for the disappointing D-backs last season is currently penciled into his customary spot in right field, and barring any surprises, will begin his sixth full season with the team in just a few months.
But what can Arizona expect from a player who has alternated good and bad seasons over the course of his career? Will Upton be the MVP candidate he was in 2011 when he hit .289 with 31 home runs and 88 RBI, or will he be the guy he was last season?
For what it's worth, an ESPN Insider article titled "Youngsters who will bounce back" listed the former No. 1 overall pick first.
Factoring in Upton's career trajectory and the fact that expectations may have been a bit high for him last year, the piece notes things could be worse for the player and his team.
When you hit .280/.355/.430 in your terrible, horrible, no good, very bad season, chances are you still have a lot going for you. Upton's very nearly been written off, but he remains a young player, with some history of pretty good success, signed for three years and $38.5 million, a reasonable deal when you consider the final two years buy out what would be free agency.
ZiPS pegs Upton to recover to a 24-homer, 3.4 WAR year in 2013 and that's not a projection I can quibble with. He's still young enough to have upside to significantly beat that projection. Even if 2011 remains his only superstar year, I'd rather have an underperforming star than an overperforming scrub.
The "ZiPS" projection system was developed by Dan Szymbrorski, who is the writer of the ESPN piece, and takes into account plenty of data to determine how a player will do.
And if it's right, the Diamondbacks will be happy they kept Upton around.
Provided, of course, they do.
- Collmenter, D-backs down Padres, snap losing streak
- Dose of Venom: Collmenter dazzles in D-backs' win over Padres
- D-backs CEO Derrick Hall says Tony La Russa will teach, but will not manage
- Diamondbacks fall to Nationals 1-0 on walk-off error: By The Numbers
- Nationals win 9th in row, nip D-backs in 9th
- Derrick Hall, D-backs President & CEO - Thursday August 21Derrick Hall gives his thoughts on the new MLB commissioner.
- Tim Kurkjian, ESPN MLB insider - Wednesday August 20Tim Kurkjian discusses the American League wild card race and the future of Kirk Gibson.
- Kevin Towers, D-backs GM - Wednesday August 20Kevin Towers talks about the future of the Arizona Diamondbacks.
- Kirk Gibson, D-backs manager - Tuesday August 19Kirk Gibson talks about his future with the Diamondbacks.
- Who impressed/who depressed - Monday August 18Dan and Vince look back at who impressed and depressed them over the weekend.
- Tim Kurkjian, ESPN MLB insider - Friday August 15Tim Kurkjian discusses what new commissioner Rob Manfred means for Major League Baseball.
- What's on your mind? - Friday August 15Vince Marotta shares what he is thinking about this week.


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Customer Reviews
- Art Journaling: Pages in Stages (DVD) Review by Andrea Aeschliman
I liked Dawn''s practical approach and thought she gave lots of great ideas for each stage of her process. From painting to collage to journaling this is a great one to just get you going.
(Posted on 10/28/10)


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Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap: Investing Through Sandy
Turning to the acquisition, McKim said Safety Kleen is a leader in helping smaller companies with environmental services and has over 200,000 customers using its recycling and parts-washing services. He said the combined company will be less cyclical that Clean Harbors was on its own and they plan on continuing to use the Safety Kleen brand.
McKim said that the combined company, which will employ over 13,000 people, has lots of opportunities for margin improvements and other synergies.
Cramer continued his recommendation of Clean Harbors.
Going with Dollar General
Investors may not be able to trade off of Hurricane Sandy, but that doesn't mean they can't invest from it, Cramer told viewers, as he recommended Dollar General (DG), the dollar store chain with over 10,000 locations and a stock he owns for his charitable trust, Action Alerts PLUS.Cramer said that Dollar General may not seem like an obvious play for a hurricane, but when consumers are told to stock up, they stock up at Dollar General, which derives 70% of its sales from food and consumables, and also accepts food stamps. Dollar General is largest player in the space, has the best management and is also a consistent grower, noted Cramer. Shares of Dollar General are some $15 off their highs based largely on weakness of its rival, Dollar Tree (DLTR). Cramer said that while Dollar Tree cited higher gas prices as a problem, at Dollar General, consumers are more likely to trade down and buy more as gas prices rise. Dollar Tree also only gets 50% of its sales from food and consumables, meaning that more of its product mix is discretionary. Cramer said that Dollar Tree has also been worried about increased competition from Wal-Mart (WMT), and its new, smaller-format stores, but those fears are overblown as the dollar stores will open far more stores than Wal-Mart's proposed 500 small store locations. Trading at just 14.2 times earnings with an 18% growth rate, Cramer said that Dollar General is too cheap to ignore and he'd be an aggressive buyer of the stock.
Lightning RoundIn the Lightning Round, Cramer was bullish on Gilead Sciences (GILD), Celgene (CELG), Darden Restaurants (DRI), Norfolk Southern (NSC), Union Pacific (UNP), ConocoPhillips (COP), LinnCo (LNCO), CenturyLink (CTL) and Phillips 66 (PSX).
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Search ResultsYour search for Medallion has produced 15 results on 5 pages.
A Unique Faux Finish
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Installation DescriptionA drop ceiling installation using Stratford White Ceiling Tiles, and Medallion White Ceiling Tiles.
Installation TagsSuspended/Drop; 2 x 2; 2 x 4; Painted; Track; Medallion; Stratford; Kitchen
Period Correct Appeal
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Installation DescriptionA drop ceiling installation using Polyline White Ceiling Tiles, and Medallion White Ceiling Tiles.
Customer Testimonial
The "period correct" appeal that your ceiling tile adds to the building is a huge improvement. Both my contractor and general contractor were very impressed with your product.
- Joe E.
Installation TagsSuspended/Drop; 2 x 2; White; Border Tile; Track; Medallion; Polyline; Bedroom; Kitchen
Plaster Ceiling without Plaster
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Installation DescriptionA drop ceiling installation using Medallion White Ceiling Tiles.
Customer Testimonial
My project turned out wonderfully. I installed the medallion tiles and for the perimeter I used a textured wall paper right over the old primed drop ceiling tiles. Like I said, it looks really great. In fact, company that's never seen our ceiling before thought the ceiling was a plaster cast that was actually original to the home (we live in an older house). I left the old existing drop ceiling tiles in place along the outside edge. Where possible, I removed metal brackets that were not part of the ceiling support structure. Then to smooth things out, I used joint compound where metal brackets of the grid touched the old tiles. This way when I put up the wall paper it would not be so obvious where I still had metal brackets. When I feathered out the joint compound between brackets and tiles to my satisfaction, I used a high quality sealer primer (Bin 1-2-3) over all of that. The wall paper was a heavier paper, designed to go over paneling or cracked plaster walls and hide what was beneath it. I don't remember the brand off hand, but I bought that at Menards. For some of my seams, I had to touch things up with a little white caulk, which blended in very nicely. If I look hard or if the lighting is just so, I can see where I have metal brackets behind the wall paper, but it really isn't too noticeable for sure. It might just appear to be a ceiling joist behind plaster to someone who doesn't know - if they can see it at all.
- John H.


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In beautiful stretch-lace, this garter belt becomes the building block of an infinite number of looks. Alternate the supporting players—perhaps our Lace Shelf Bralette & Strappy Thong Set—or wrap on a statement necklace and nothing else at all. Attached adjustable garters. Nylon/spandex. Imported.
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Welcome to PCWB
Portland Community Wind Band (PCWB) is dedicated to enriching our community through excellence in music performance and education. We strive to provide a challenging and engaging environment for our members while reaching out to the community through large and small ensemble performances.
PCWB is beginning its ninth season and is led by Dr. Patrick Murphy. The band performs 6-8 times per year and is comprised of adult and high school musicians who enjoy playing intermediate to advanced wind band music.
PCWB was founded in 2005 by Cynthia Plank, who now plays as a member of the band.
This is a 501(c)(3) organization. Tax deductable donations are gratefully accepted.
2013-2014 Season
Upcoming Events
June Concert with Rose City Trombones
Friday, June 13, 7 PM
Buckley Center Auditorium, University of Portland
5000 N Willamette Blvd, Portland, OR 97203
Free Concert Admission, donations accepted.
Join the Band
Musicians interested in joining PCWB are invited to read our FAQ and contact Patrick Murphy to inquire about section openings and an audition. Regular rehearsals are held at Beaumont Middle School throughout the school year on Tuesday nights from 7-9 PM. Rehearsals begin promptly at 7:00, so please allow yourself time for individual warm-up and tuning.
For other questions, please contact PCWB President Janet Tolopka by email or by postal mail c/o Portland Community Wind Band at PO Box 12324, Portland, OR 97212.
PCWB Director
Dr. Patrick Murphy is the conductor of the Portland Community Wind Band and serves as Director of Bands and Assistant Professor of Music at the University of Portland. At UP he conducts the Wind Symphony and Pep Band, coordinates wind chamber music activities, and teaches courses in music education, theory, and conducting. Prior to returning to the Northwest in 2008, he taught in the public schools of California, Ohio, and Nebraska.
Dr. Murphy's degrees include a D.M.A. from The University of Arizona in Wind Conducting, and Music Education degrees from the University of Minnesota (M.A.) and Washington State University (B.M.). He has presented sessions at regional music education conferences and at the national convention of the College Band Directors National Association. His historical research focuses primarily on Soviet wind band music, about which he is consulted by conductors and researchers worldwide, and he helps music educators develop both teaching and advocacy strategies. In addition, Dr. Murphy has conducted numerous honor ensembles, has dozens of musical theatre conducting credits, and is an active adjudicator and clinician. He is married to his wonderful wife, Susan, and they have three children: Belle, Jayden, and Shaylin.
Host the Band
PCWB is interested in expanding its concert venues. If you would like to host a concert, please email Janet Tolopka.


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UPDATE: Top cop reassures community following gunman arrest at primary school (From Your Local Guardian)
Contact us: Got a photo? Text SLPICS to 80360, click to upload your story or see our Contact us page
UPDATE: Top cop reassures community following gunman arrest at primary school
2:32pm Tuesday 28th February 2012 in News
Wandsworth's borough commander has sought to reassure residents and parents after a man brandishing an imitation firearm was arrested near a Tooting primary school this morning.
A number of worried witnesses called police at 9.25am after the man wearing combat clothes was spotted near Fircroft Primary School, in Glenburnie Road.
Within two minutes safer neighbourhood officers were on the scene and a minute later armed officers arrived.
After ensuring the school was safe, they found the man and formally arrested him at 10.20am.
Police described the man as "53-year-old character" and the incident took place just a few hundred yards from Springfield mental hospital.
They confirmed that the weapon was a replica - but were not prepared to comment on the type or whether he was carrying more than one.
Chief-superintendent David Chinchen said: "A number of people rang in relation to a character wearing combats clothing or army fatigues who appeared to be in possession of an imitation firearm.
"We attended very promptly and secured the school itself before making a quick search of the area when we found the individual in question.
"There were already officers on patrol in the area who were there within two minutes.
"It is really important that people understand that we made an arrest very quickly."
Mr Chinchen said extra patrols are being deployed to the scene and they will be there after school to reassure worried parents.
Did you see anything this morning? Call the news room on 020 8722 6343 or email firstname.lastname@example.com


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Some call it the Black Friday creep because the stores seem to open their doors for sales earlier each year.
While some people say they're going to go shopping on Thanksgiving Day after spending time with their family, but others say it's a day for hot meals, not hot deals.
"We do Black Friday," said Connie Flood.
Flood is one of the shoppers up at 5:00am on Black Friday.
"You have a plan, someone stands in line, you go and you trade, and you go back and forth, it's just fun, and then at 9:30, 10:00, you're done," said Flood.
But Flood said she likes Black Friday…on Friday.
"I won't go on Thanksgiving Day," said Flood. "Part of the fun, is on Thanksgiving after we finish eating we get the ads out, we make a plan, we make a map."
"I won't be out there, I'll tell you that, I'll be home eating turkey and dressing," said Therese Glueck.
Glueck said she won't be shopping the deals on Thursday, Thanksgiving Day, or Friday.
"I used to do it, but not anymore because you can just go online and get whatever you would get at 2 o'clock or 3 o'clock in the morning at the same price," said Glueck.
She said there are some perks to shopping online, like avoiding the bad weather, and actually getting your item.
"Usually you're guaranteed to get it if you go online where in the store, they may be out, or you may be in a long line of 20 people and they're out as soon as you get up there," said Glueck.
"Unfortunately, I feel Thanksgiving is kind of being forgotten," said Brandie Koenig.
Koenig said she shops with her family on Black Friday, but keeps it at a leisurely level.
"We're like if we find something we want fine, but we don't usually go for oh this is the hottest item we have to have it," said Koenig.
Koenig said she doesn't agree with retailers opening their doors Thanksgiving Day.
"The title of the holiday is thanks-giving, so people should be able to be at home giving thanks," said Koenig.
Koenig said she felt bad for the employees who will work the sales Thanksgiving Day.
"If they tell their boss or whatever no I'm not, more than likely, they're probably going to those their job 'cause the way the job market is today," said Koenig.
But it's because of that market, that she said she understands why consumers rush to get the deals, even on a holiday.
"A lot of people don't have the amount of money that they used to cause the way the economy is, so if they can get more for their money they're going to try to do it," said Koenig.
"Happy Thanksgiving first and then go spend that money," said Glueck.
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Town Square
Coming to the rescue
Original post made on Sep 7, 2012
Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, September 7, 2012, 8:57 AM
on Sep 7, 2012 at 10:38 am
Sometimes you don't have to be a victim to be deeply changed by a crime. There is a certainly level of common decency displayed when it comes to those lending assistance to victims who are near death or fearing for their life. I appreciate the local citizens mentioned in this article who chose to lend their help and love to total strangers caught in their darkest hours. We do not choose the world we live in, but we can choose to ignore it when it scares us. Credit due to these citizens who faced the fear and answered it with love and care.
on Sep 7, 2012 at 12:02 pm
Sue Dremann, thank you for this article! How inspiring these stories are, touching and very, very impresssive.
As an aside, it is also nice not to see any bloggers complaining about headlines, grammar, etc., that is always distressing to see here.
Finally, many, many thanks to those citizens who stepped up to the plate when their situations arose. It is reassuring to know there are still people out there like that. Amen!!
on Sep 7, 2012 at 5:25 pm
This is one of the best news stories I've read in some time- the writing and the subject matter. Thank you for the reminder that what we call heroic deeds are, to more people than we realize, simply how to behave as a human being. We should all be so lucky to be assisted, saved or advocated by compassionate folks such as these. I appreciate PA Weekly telling their stories and also profiling the victims with dignity and compassion.


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Did Adam and Eve Really Exist?: Who They Were and Why You Should Care - eBook
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Product Information
|Format: DRM Free ePub
Vendor: Crossway Books & Bibles
Publication Date: 2011
Availability: In Stock
Publisher's Description
"We need a real Adam and Eve if we are to make sense of the Bible and of life," argues C. John Collins. Examining the biblical storyline as the worldview story of the people of God, Collins shows how that story presupposes a real Adam and Eve and how the modern experience of life points to the same conclusion.
Applying well-informed critical thinking to common theological and scientific questions, Collins asserts the importance of a real man at the beginning in God's plan for creation, a plan that includes "redemption" for all people since sin entered the world.
Did Adam and Eve Really Exist? addresses both biblical and Jewish texts and contains extensive appendices to examine how the material in Genesis relates to similar material from Mesopotamian myths. Collinss detailed analysis of the relevant texts will instill confidence in readers that the traditional Christian story equips them better than any alternatives to engage the life that they actually encounter in the modern world.
-Christopher J. H. Wright,
International Director, Langham Partnership International; author, The Mission of God
Dr. Collins has presented a careful defense of the existence of the historical Adam and Eve. This methodologically rigorous study reflects a critical awareness of contemporary discussions on both biblical and extra-biblical literature and further contributes to the wider discussion on science and religion. Perhaps more importantly, he has successfully demonstrated the theological significance of this traditional reading, all the while using language that an informed layperson can digest and engage. This work deserves to be widely circulated.
-David W. Pao,
Chair of the New Testament Department, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School
Working through questions of myth and history, Bible and science, harmonization and complementarity, Collins brings fresh arguments to stimulate wide-ranging thought and improved appreciation of the way the first chapters of the Bible affect the whole.
-Alan Millard,
Emeritus Rankin Professor of Hebrew and Ancient Semitic Languages, The University of Liverpool
I could hardly imagine a more honest book on this controversial topic. Its openness (in a user-friendly format) is no naivety-it is combined with undeniable competence on the ancient Near East, recent literature, and methodological discussions. Standing firm on vital issues, accepting diversity on others, the reader meets in C. John Collins a sensitive and godly guide.
-Henri A. Blocher,
formerly Gunther Knoedler Professor of Systematic Theology, Wheaton College Graduate School
Few scholars are better equipped than Professor C. John Collins to provide a well-informed, up-to-date assessment of what may and may not be known about Adam and Eve. With clarity, Collins offers a balanced discussion of the relationship between Genesis 2-3 and current theories on the origins of the human race. Recognizing the limitations of human knowledge, he highlights the vital contribution made by the Genesis account for understanding the human predicament. Marked by both erudition and sanity, here is a book worth reading.
-T. Desmond Alexander,
Senior Lecturer in Biblical Studies and Director of Postgraduate Studies, Union Theological College
Collins has done a great service to the church by providing us with this crucial volume. It will quickly prove to be a vital resource for pastors, students, and laypeople around the world. With careful scientific analysis and convincing biblical exegesis, Collins graciously answers the skeptics and thoroughly reinforces the historic Judeo-Christian position.
-Burk Parsons,
Associate Pastor, Saint Andrew's Chapel, Sanford, Florida; editor, Tabletalk magazine
In a sense, the way one reads the first few chapters of Genesis will determine his or her way of reading the whole Bible. Dr. Collins has expounded in a lucid manner how the original narrator intended this vital part of the Bible to be read. Cogency combines with erudition to make this book worthy of appreciation by those who do not espouse his general stance, as well as by readers who may be unaware of their own premises.
-Nobuyoshi Kiuchi,
Professor of Old Testament, Tokyo Christian University
This book will boost your confidence in the Bible, especially in its capacity to address a common experience of all peoples. By treating the Bible as Scripture, Collins has modeled for us how Christians should approach the faith-science questions. The Bible has answers to the human predicaments and needs. Only if what it says is true can we truly make sense and move forward in this sinful world. The real payoff of this book goes beyond the unequivocal biblical witness of Adam and Eve's historical existence. For it is the human dignity based on our common ancestry and a shared perception of sensing the abnormality of this world that open a way for the redemption and restoration of all peoples through the real life and works of the second Adam.
-Natee Tanchanpongs,
Academic Dean, Bangkok Bible Seminary
I commend this book merely for the courage of taking the adventure in addressing this debated issue biblically and scientifically. Even if the reader does not fully agree with Collins' conclusions he/she is compelled to listen carefully to his arguments.
-Riad A. Kassis,
Regional Director, Overseas Council for Middle East, North Africa, and Central Europe; adjunct professor of Old Testament, Arab Baptist Theological Seminary, Lebanon
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2012: Southland Freshman of the Year ... Appeared in 107 sets ... Ranked ninth in the Southland with a .254 attack percentage ... Totaled 236 kills at a 2.21 per set rate ... Led team in blocks with 88, including 16 of the solo variety ... Averaged 0.82 blocks per set ... Also added 20 service aces and 40 digs ... Made fantastic debut with 12 kills and six blocks, including four solos, in win against Prairie View A&M (Aug. 25) ... Hit .520 with 15 kills in win over ETSU (Sept. 8) ... Added 15 more with a .379 attack percentage in win at Southeastern Louisiana (Sept. 15) ... Hit .417 with 13 kills and three blocks at McNeese State (Sept. 29) ... Posted five kills and set career best in blocks with seven vs. Sam Houston State ... Put up 12 kills, four digs and a career-best four aces vs. Nicholls (10/16) ... Racked up 11 kills, four service aces and five blocks against Southeastern Louisiana (Oct. 23) ... Picked up 11 kills at a .375 rate with four digs and four blocks to go along with a pair of service aces at Texas A&M-Corpus Christi (Nov. 8) ... Posted double-digit kills 10 times ... Put up at least one block in 29 out of 30 matches ... Recorded a service ace on 10 occasions, and multiple aces five times.
High School: Played for Julio Martinez at Eisenhower HS ... Earned First Team All-District 18-5A all four years ... Also named First Team All-Academic three times ... Averaged 3.78 kills per set as a senior ... Earned All-District 18-5A honors in basketball as well ... Competed on the club level for Texas Thunder and Houston Juniors.
Personal: Born Cortney C. Moore on August 25, 1994 in New Orleans, La. ... Father, William, and Mother, Giselle, played basketball and volleyball, respectively, at New Orleans ... Sister, Clairissa, played volleyball at Alabama A&M.
Junior is LU's top returner in kills
Grant and Whittaker shine in final match of the season
Lady Cards' Southland Tournament fate may hinge on final match
Volleyball battling with three other teams for final spots in field
Lady Cards tournament hopes rely on final two matches next week
New women's volleyball coach Alan Edwards discusses pre-season and the tough road schedule.
McDonald Gym - Beaumont, TX
Beaumont, TX
A few shots from match noted - LAMAR VIDEO.


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It's great that you want to improve your heart health. Don't think that you have to make big changes to have an effect on your heart health, though. Even small, basic steps can have dramatic effects.
One of the biggest drops in heart disease risk occurs when you go from a sedentary lifestyle to being active as little as one hour a week. That's right, just one hour. Obviously, the more active you are, the better. But just one solid hour of activity over the course of a week makes a difference.
Health professionals at Mayo Clinic have developed the Mayo Clinic Healthy Heart Plan. The entire plan is contained in the book Mayo Clinic Healthy Heart for Life! A Plan for Preventing and Conquering Heart Disease. But one of the key messages in the plan is that even little steps may make a big difference. Some of these steps for getting started are in a two-week "Quick Start" section of the book termed Eat 5, Move 10, Sleep 8.
Here's a summary of the Mayo Clinic Healthy Heart Plan's quick start:
All of these tips — Eat 5, Move 10, Sleep 8 — are meant to be tried for two weeks before you move on to a more established healthy heart plan. But there's nothing wrong with continuing this quick start for longer periods. Consider trying other reputable diet and exercise plans offered by the American Heart Association and government agencies. The point is to get started with something and keep at it.


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The Veer Union Radio
Hard rock quintet the Veer Union formed in 2004, when vocalist Crispin Earl and guitarist Eric Schraeder found themselves living in adjacent rehearsal studios in downtown East Vancouver. The friends had previously pursued music in different bands; Earl contributed songs to Tommy Lee's solo album and fronted the band Everything After, while Schraeder enjoyed a short stint on Hollywood Records with 40 Foot Echo. Finding themselves in need of a change, the duo banded together and retreated to the studio, where they later met lead guitarist James Fiddler and bassist Marc Roots. The Veer Union formed as those two musicians climbed aboard, and the subsequent addition of drummer Neil Beaton allowed the group to tour in support of its brash, gravelly-voiced hard rock. An offer from Universal Records appeared two years later, and the Veer Union released its debut album, Against the Grain, in April 2009. ~ Andrew LeaheyPortions of Content Provided by Rovi Corporation.
© 2014 Rovi Corporation.


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12 Actresses Getting By On Their Looks Alone
Say Hello To Kim Kardashian's Boobs
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Is This Kim's Most Revealing Look Ever?


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It's a big week for Minnesota State University Moorhead, as they mark the universities 125th year and homecoming.
Since Monday, several events have been commemorating this special occasion but the fun is just beginning. Some highlights include Coach Herman Boone speaking at the Hansen Theatre at 7:30 p.m. on Wednesday. Boone was portrayed by Denzel Washington in the 2000 film "Remember the Titans." The event is free with an MSUM ID and $10 for anyone else.
A President's Panel with three past presidents, John Neumaier, Roland Dille, Roland Barden & current president Edna Szymanski will take place at 1 p.m. in Hansen Theatre on Friday.
Saturday morning the "Color Me Rad" 5K run/walk kicks off at 9 a.m. followed by the parade, tailgating and football game.
A full list of homecoming events through the rest of the week is below:
Wednesday, Sept 25
Thursday, Sept 26
Friday, Sept. 27
Saturday, Sept. 28
Sunday, Sept. 29


text: I'm not sure what I think of their FD yet because they skated through a lot of the elements. Those lifts look CRAZY!!! I think they took a little bit of time to get into position for the last lift so I thought it looked a bit awkward but they look ultra difficult!! And.. Ass grabs and inner thigh stroking and crotch in the face...OH MY


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GCC should create single tourist visa, study shows
A single Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) entry visa will help boost the number of tourists in the region and will reinvigorate tourism as a sector, a study submitted to GCC officials has found.
"A study has been submitted to the Gulf Cooperation Council on adopting a single tourism visa," Abdul Raheem Hassan Naqi, the secretary general of the of the GCC chambers unions, said. "The move will reinvigorate the tourism sector amid expectations that the GCC countries will invest around $380 billion [Dh1.395 billion] in tourism projects by 2018," he said in remarks published by Saudi daily Al Eqtisadiya on Sunday.
The study covers all aspects of the single visa and calls for allowing a tourist planning to visit one of the six GCC member states to move smoothly to other countries as well, he said.
"The GCC have the capabilities to implement the visa recommendations and the fact that $380 billion will be invested in tourism and related sectors should be an outstanding stimulus for other ministries and government agencies," he said. "We understand the specificities of some countries, but we look at the overall benefits of Gulf tourism and its economic contributions to each of the member states. Tourism does remain a significant factor for local economies and employment and all efforts should be channelled into doing away with complications and attracting visitors."
Al Naqi said the forthcoming tourism and investment conference in Fujairah on November 20-21 would be a good opportunity to discuss the ambitions of the private sector towards tourism in the Gulf countries. The GCC, founded in 1981 in the UAE capital Abu Dhabi, comprises Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud last year called for the move from the phase on cooperation to the phase of union within a single entity. The GCC leaders will hold their next annual summit in Manama in December.
Top Headlines
- Vacation in the Palm Jumeirah: Dubai top tourist hot spot for KSA visitors
- Beyond unholy consumption and artificial beaches: what's it going to take for Dubai to become a city of medical tourism?
- Exploring the $100 billion plus Muslim travel market
- Swiss banks or Swiss chocolate? Neither. Why more GCC tourists are flocking to Switzerland
- Starting with whale meat, Japan launches halal tourism
- A one for six deal: unified GCC visa for tourists seems to be on the way
- Gulf introduces single visa sailing cards for GCC members
- When cruising saves the economy: GCC's visa boosts tourism sector
- Multiple entry visa will make life easier in UAE from September
- Tourists gave Emiratis around $4.7bn in 2012


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Girl Scouts pins down non-traditional recipes in celebration of S'mores Day
Here is one of our favorites:
Peanut Butter Cup S'mores Bars (Via The Sweet Life, adapted from Pinch of Yum and Sprinkle Some Sunshine) yield: 16 large/20 small squares
- 1/2 cup butter, softened
- 1/2 cup packed brown sugar
- 1/4 cup sugar
- 1 egg
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- 1 1/4 cups flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1 cup graham cracker crumbs
- 16 peanut butter cups, regular size
- 1 1/2 cups marshmallow fluff*
*Fluff is pretty impossible to measure, so this doesn't have to be an exact amount, just kind of eyeball it. As long as you have enough to cover the PB cups, you're good to go.
- Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Line an 8x8 baking dishing with parchment paper; coat lightly with cooking spray.
- In a large bowl of the bowl of stand mixer, beat butter and sugars until fluffy. Beat in egg and vanilla until combined. Scrape down the sides. With the mixer on low, stir in the flour, baking powder, salt, and graham cracker crumbs until mixed.
- Spread 2/3 of the dough on the bottom of the prepared baking dish. Lightly press the peanut butter cups into the dough, then spread marshmallow fluff on top. Press the remaining dough on a non-stick surface into the shape of an 8×8 square. Place the square on top of the fluff and press down lightly.
Bake for 30 minutes or until the edges just begin to brown. Allow to cool for at least two hours* to give the bars a chance to set, then remove from the pan and cut into squares with a large, sharp knife.
Girl Scouts of the USA is the world's preeminent organization for girls, with a membership of more than 3.2 million girls and adults. Girl Scouting builds girls of courage, confidence, and character, who make the world a better place. Chartered by GSUSA to provide Girl Scouting locally, Girl Scouts of San Jacinto Council is the second largest Girl Scout council in the country serving more than 70,000 girls and 19,000 adults in 26 southeast Texas counties. Join us as we celebrate 100 years of Girl Scouting in the United States in 2012.
GSSJC | Communications Department
3110 Southwest Freeway Houston, TX 77098


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Reviewed by 1 customer
- Comfortable
- Stylish
Best Uses
- Cocktail party
- Wedding
Comments about Bandolino Women's Sylvana Pump:
I was looking all over for a comfortable shoe for my mom who recently had knee surgery. She needed a dress shoe for a wedding nothing too high or too skinny heel. These shoes were perfect and best of all she was able to dance in them.
- Was this a gift?:
- Yes
{ entityCount: 0 }


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Product Recall: Voluntary recall of 260 cases of Velveeta Original Pasteurized Recipe Cheese Products. Click Here.
PREHEAT oven to 400°F. Mix oil and garlic; spread onto cut surfaces of bread. Bake 8 to 10 minutes or until lightly browned. Cool.
MIX cream cheese and Parmesan cheese with electric mixer on medium speed until blended. Stir in olives.
SPREAD toasted bread halves with cream cheese mixture; top with tomatoes. Cut into 24 slices to serve. Sprinkle with basil.