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Announcements for Sep 02, 2014
Your students live in a digital world. The eEdition is an excellent interactive tool that helps you and your students meet technology and core curriculum learning objectives.
This special professional development series for teachers of grades 4-12 will focus on the 100th anniversary of the Ludlow Massacre by using newspapers and primary sources to examine the event from multiple points of view.► Click here for more information and to register
►Discussion prompts & video archive.
Turn the fun of food into a great science experience to start off the school year using a new science content reading Is there a gene for liking broccoli? and an accompanying activity Taste this!
NASA's Space Place
A monthly column on the latest space discoveries and technologies for elementary students
Daily Science Webcasts
Predatory insect mites are infecting honeybee hives, but pesticides used to control the mites just might be making things worse!
Play Audio
-- Sep 2, 2014
Answer FIVE Geography questions each week based on major news events.►Archive of Geography quizzes
Become a Wildlife Watch Treasure Hunter
National Wildlife Federation's Wildlife Watch is a national, nature-watching program created for people of all ages. Through the program, you'll gain first hand experience with plants and animals in their natural environment and share details that help National Wildlife Federation track the health and behavior of wildlife and plant species nationwide. In return, the Wildlife Watch website keeps you up-to-date on wildlife news and facts, and new ideas for attracting wildlife to your backyard and community.
Tap the wealth of information in your newspaper as a teaching tool:
►E-cigarettes prompt new health concerns about young users, targeted with ads and flavors
-- Front Page Talking Points Archive
The Cartoons for the Classroom Caption Contest will return in September!
This week's lesson:
President criticized over vacation►Download the lesson
Diversity, multiculturalism, worldwide events. You'll find plenty for classroom discussions in this listing of events.
An interpretation, as of a role or a piece of music.
Lizbet Martínez, the Cuban rafter girl who warmed the hearts of U.S. Coast Guard officers and many others across the nation 20 years ago with her rendition of The Star-Spangled Banner, still has the violin that made her famous.
►The Miami Herald -- 09/01/2014
A website for 4th through 8th graders. Show off your writing and photography, comment on stories other youth have written and have them comment on your writing, and get the chance to be published in Colorado Kids in The Tuesday Denver Post or the NextGen column in the YourHub.com section in the Thursday Denver Post. Check it out!! Our reporters have interviewed the mayor, the governor, movie stars and directors -- and it could be you.► Click here for more information
The Mini Page has gone digital!
This weeks lesson:
► Kicking Off Football Season
The Kid Scoop Premium home page.
Kid Scoop Teachers
Find new ideas to use the newspaper to teach across the curriculum. Lesson ideas for both print and e-edition newspapers!
Kid Scoop Parents Information
Tips for helping your child succeed in school and life, fun educational activities, recipes, crafts, book reviews and more.
Kid Scoop
A multi-media education program that brings interactive educational pages, online learning games, comprehension and vocabulary activities, video, web-quest resources, family involvement activities and more!
Kid Scoop Activity Pages
Just download and print!
• Standards-based!
• Skill development!
• Hands-on Minds-on Learning fun!
Kid Scoop Lesson Library
Lessons Ideas for using the e-edition and print edition of the newspaper in the classroom.
Next on Kid Scoop
Learn what's featured on the Kid Scoop page in the coming weeks.
How to Draw
Kid Scoop's own artist, Jeff Schinkel, shows you how to draw things with step-by-step directions.
Just Plain Weird
Strange stories and amazing facts from Kid Scoop!


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Easter Bunny at Cowabunga's Hooksett!
Join us for this special event!! Picture time, games and lots of interactive fun with our special guest! Admission is $10 per child. Adult and babies (non-walkers) are free. Please remember socks! Socks are required to bounce! Cowabunga's allows you to bring in your own food and drink, we just ask that it be NUT FREE and that it be consumed in the lobby. We do have snacks, ice cream, drinks and pizzas available for purchase at the front desk. Why not make it a party?!? Book an open gym party during this event at www.mycowabungas.com, and click on "Book A Party Now!" On the lefthand side you can pick "Public Party" and enter the night of this event! Even better!! Book at private party and add a character visit to your party for $50 each! Call us at 603-625-8008 with any questions!
We are dedicated to providing accurate event information, however, we advise calling ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other details.
Event Location
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NH State Information
NH Regions:
Dartmouth/ Sunapee | Great North Woods | Lakes | Merrimack | Monadnock | Seacoast | White Mountains

subset: commoncrawl


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Regardless of which of the hundreds of Target Portrait Studio locations you meander into, you can always count on a similar experience. Tucked into Target retail locations throughout the nation, each studio boasts a staff of professional photographers, premium lighting equipment, and advanced digital cameras. The seasoned crew takes pains to customize photo sessions to suit each customer's vision, setting up desired backgrounds and props before guiding families and high-school seniors through a mélange of poses. Afterward, customers will work with a professional to personalize their portraits with different special effects and styles, such as black and white or sepia tone. They then pick up their physical portraits at the studio in 7–10 days. If they don't feel like holding their breath that long to see the final products, they can access the images in an online gallery within 24 hours of the session, at which point they can order extra prints for gifts, collages, and greeting cards.
One of the East Coast's best-known Members-only wholesale retailers, BJ's serves more than six million Members in more than 200 clubs as far west as Ohio. Within these sprawling locations, BJ's helps provide more selections to savvy shoppers looking to knock out most of their errands in a single stop. In the same visit, Members can stock up on economy-sized groceries?including USDA choice meats, farm-fresh produce, and everyday essentials?grab name-brand electronics, and even plan a vacation through BJ's Travel. Each service makes up a single part of BJ's well-rounded retail experience, but simplifying shopping isn't BJ's only goal; in 2012 alone, the company donated more than $2.2 million to charitable organizations.
Gordon and Anya Kwan are the owners of Avon Ballroom, a 5,000-square-foot facility outfitted with two ballrooms, a lounge, and an onsite boutique. At Avon Ballroom, they lead classes in a variety of ballroom styles for dancers of all ages and skill levels, whether they're dancing for fun or fitness or with professional ambitions. Their sessions include private and group instruction, as well as fun dance parties that allow students to mingle, socialize, and test out new movies in a fun atmosphere. Their onsite store also outfits students with appropriate dance attire, shoes, and costumes.
This spring, locals voted The Hen 'N The Ivy the favorite florist in the Avon Patch annual poll. The family-owned flower and plant shop takes pride in their friendly customer service and fast delivery—they can deliver flowers the same day they're ordered. Inside the aromatic shop, they bundle blooms into seasonal bouquets or themed arrangements for special occasions such as birthdays and anniversaries. Flowers and tropical plants can also sprout from decorative pots and dish gardens, making them ideal for long-lasting gifts that say "congrats", "thank you", or "I'm sorry I bought you a head of broccoli last year."
In the decades since 1949, as fashion fads such as leather jackets, bell bottoms, and white blazers have come and gone, the stain-removal specialists at Martinizing Dry Cleaner on the west side of Cleveland have held steadfast, cleaning and pressing virtually any garment in-store. At Cleveland's trio of local family-owned dry cleaners, the staff cleans, alters, and launders everything from dress shirts and gowns to suede shoes and Ugg boots. Combined with the computerized inventory system keeping track of every garment, a home-delivery service keeps pants from getting lost when trying to walk home on their own.


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You can book online, you can email email@example.com or you can call in person to the International Office in room T0.13 at Llandaff campus. Our telephone number is 029 2041 6406/6407. Demand is high, so make sure that you book your appointment in advance as it may be difficult to provide an appointment at very short notice. Students may book only one appointment per week. Further appointments are made if the tutor recommends it.
Each consultation is 40 minutes long, so please do not be late or you will lose time from your consultation. If for any reason you cannot attend you consultation, please remember to contact us so that we can cancel your booking and make the time available to other students.
One of the tutors will meet with you and discuss with you any concerns you might be having about your studies. Perhaps you are having difficulty writing an essay? In which case, the tutors will look at an example of your writing together with you and help you to identify strengths and weaknesses in your work.
We will then discuss with you some techniques and strategies to improve the standard of your writing. If required, workshops or further individual consultations will be recommended.
Please note: the tutors cannot always read your entire essay – it depends on the length, timeframe and the issues to be discussed. However you will always be offered some good practical advice which you can take forward and apply to the remainder of your work.
It is not our role to proofread your entire assignment. Our aim is to look at a short sample of your writing in order to teach you some techniques and strategies which you should then apply to the rest of your assignments, to encourage independent editing skills.
Before they can help you, our tutors need to see your work. We can help much more if you bring a draft instead of a finished piece of writing. Drafts are much easier to revise and improve. Please note: You must bring a printed copy of your assignment with you. We are unable to work on-screen, or to print out student assignments.
Please also bring:


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The urge to splurge can be tough for many of us. But with the economy looking a little bit better, it's even more important to set aside some savings for short and long term goals. Americans are saving more now than before the recession, but there's always room for improvement. And the good thing about savings is that starting small -- can add up big over time. This is "America Saves Week". Want to save more money? Getting started is often the toughest part.
And keep in mind that when it comes to savings, it's never too early -- or late -- to get started.
(Source: CNN)
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We have upgraded to a more reliable alert platform in an effort to better serve you. As a result, we will soon retire our SMS text alert system. Please make sure to sign up for our email alerts below, or download our news app for iOS or Android so that we may continue to deliver you the latest local breaking news and weather alerts.
Email Newsletter AlertFAQ
Sign up or unsubscribe for alerts and newsletters sent to your inbox or mobile device.
To ensure delivery, add email@example.com to your Safe Sender list; here's how.


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We hope that this new procedure will reduce the wait and processing times for licenses. Our goal is to meet with applicants and deliver approved licenses faster and in a more efficient manner.
Please read the information below before you call!
Firearms licensing is assigned to a detective as an additional duty and is
conducted on a part-time basis. The instructions listed below are provided to ensure applications are completed correctly the first time. This will allow for applications to be processed faster and licenses to be delivered in a more efficient manner.
This site contains answers to many frequently asked questions. Please review this information before you call the Firearms Licensing Section with questions.
If you cannot find the answer to your question on this website click here for the Commonwealth's website or click here for the Firearms Records Bureau site. These sites provide answers to many frequently asked questions, complete laws regarding firearms, as well as forms to download.
Instructions for a new or renewal FID or LTC
A list of available dates and times can be found:
Applicants are encouraged to verify that licensing will still be held that day prior to coming to the police station. Updates can be found through the above sources as well as our Facebook page and our Twitter feed
Applicants should arrive with the following items:
New Applicant:
Completed application form
State approved safety course certificate
Check or money order (see fees below)
2 Forms of ID (see below)
1 Proof of residency document (see below)
(Note: There is no safety course for a FID-Restricted)
Renewal Applicant already licensed by Danvers:
Completed application form
Check or money order (see fees below)
1 Proof of residency document (see below)
Renewal Applicant whose license is currently issued by another city or town:
Completed application form
Check or money order (see fees below)
2 Forms of ID (see below)
1 Proof of residency document (see below)
Applicant must have submitted a change of address form to this department and FRB.
Identification Documents:
1st is always the Massachusetts driver's license.
The 2nd form of ID is a passport, birth certificate or Military ID
Identification documents are used to verify spelling and that the firearms license is issued under the applicant's legal name.
Expired ID cards and the Temporary MA driver's licenses are not accepted.
Proof of Residency Documents:
A Town of Danvers issued property tax, motor vehicle excise tax, electric light, water/sewer bill or a lease agreement from a commercial apartment community or W-2.
Only 1 of the above documents is required to show residency. The applicant's name and address must appear on the document.
The fee can be paid by check or money order only and must be made payable to Town of Danvers.
VERY IMPORTANT: Application Question #10
"Have you ever appeared in any criminal court as a defendant for any criminal offense or criminal traffic offense?"
You do not need to answer for non-criminal traffic offenses (such as speeding or stop sign violations) but anything else must be disclosed. The application is yours and it is your responsibility, not the police department's, to ensure the answers you supply are accurate.
Having been charged and convicted of a crime does not necessarily prohibit you from getting an FID or LTC. Not answering truthfully does. Understand that ever appeared includes all adult and juvenile appearances. It does not matter if you were found not guilty, or if the charges were dismissed, or if you received a continuance without a finding, you still have to answer "yes" to the question if you ever appeared in criminal court. If you do not answer truthfully, we will find out, no matter how long ago.
If you have a sealed record, you also have to indicate this; we are notified of disqualifiers even from sealed records.
We will not accept "I forgot," "they told me it would not show up," or "it never showed up before." Remember, you are signing this application under penalties of perjury. You will be denied a license for any untruthful answer and you may face the possibility of prosecution.
If you answered YES to any of the application questions # 4-14 you must provide a complete explanation on page 3. An explanation includes dates, reporting police departments, courts where cases were heard, the nature of the allegation and disposition of the charge for each charge or protection order.
Applicants who have difficulty recalling their criminal history may consider requesting a copy of their criminal history from the Commonwealth prior to submitting their application to ensure accuracy.
VERY IMPORTANT: Application Question "Reasons for requesting the issuance of a card or license."
The broad term "all lawful purposes" will not be accepted alone. Please explain specifically why you are requesting this license. There are many possible reasons, such as home or personal protection, hunting, target shooting, or collecting. These are just a few reasons for requesting a license and they are all valid.
The "All Lawful Purpose" (ALP) license no longer exists and has not been issued for several years. The old-style LTC had your reason for issuance typed on your card. A new LTC or FID does not have the reason for issue listed on the card. New cards are issued as restricted or not restricted.
If you are renewing your license, simply write "renewal" in the reason for requesting an issuance section.
All applicants will have fingerprints and photos taken at the Danvers Police Department. You can not supply your own photo.
Other Instructions
It is optional to enter your social security number on your application. You MUST enter your driver's license number.
Change of Address:
If you have moved to Danvers, you must notify the Firearms Records Bureau, the Danvers Police Department and the department that issued your license of your new address.
Pursuant to Massachusetts General Law Chapter 140 § 129B and §131(l), a person holding a FID or LTC shall notify, in writing, the licensing authority that issued such card, the Chief of Police into whose jurisdiction such cardholder moves and the criminal histories system board of any change of address. Such notification shall be made by certified mail within 30 days of its occurrence. Failure to so notify shall be cause for revocation or suspension of said license.
Click here for FRB Change of address notification form
Firearms Transaction Form (online) E-FA-10:
The Department of Criminal Justice Information Services (DCJIS) and the Firearms Records Bureau (FRB) have implemented an online service for reporting firearm transactions.
License holders may use the online system to report the sale, transfer, inheritance, loss or theft of a firearm.
Owners who have suffered a loss or theft of a firearm are required to immediately contact their local police department where the loss or theft occurred.
Pursuant to Massachusetts General Law Chapter 140 § 128A, the private sale or transfer of a firearm, rifle or shotgun must be reported within 7 days via the FA-10 or E-FA-10.
Pursuant to Massachusetts General Law Chapter 140 § 128B, licensed residents of the Commonwealth must report within 7 days the acquisition by purchase or other means of any guns from a private sale or transfer conducted outside of the Commonwealth . The FA-10 or E-FA-10 may be used to make this report.
Note: Federal law prohibits a resident from purchasing a firearm (handgun) in a state where they do not reside. A resident may purchase a rifle or shotgun out of state directly from a licensed dealer (FFL). A licensed dealer of one state may ship a firearm to a licensed dealer of another state who may then make an instate sale to the licensed resident.
To access the E-FA-10 online reporting system click here
Lost or Stolen LTC or FID cards:
To report the loss or theft of a LTC or FID card select click here. Complete and submit the form to the desk officer at the police station. Once the report has been received a replacement license may be issued. Licenses are mailed to the address on file with the Firearms Records Bureau.
Requesting a Replacement Pin:
When a FID or LTC is issued, the card is accompanied by a PIN. It is the responsibility of the license holder to keep and secure their PIN.
To request the replacement of a FID or LTC PIN click here.
You may submit the form to the desk officer at the Danvers Police Station or mail it ot the Firearms Licensing Section.
The replacement PIN will be mailed to the address that is on file with the Firearms Records Bureau.
A replacement PIN will not be provided over the phone.
Seized or Surrendered Firearms:
Pursuant to Massachusetts Laws if your license has been revoked, suspended or your application for renewal has been denied you must immediately surrender all firearms, rifles, shotguns, ammunition, and feeding devices to the police department. Failure to do so may result in criminal charges.
If you have had your firearms seized in accordance with MGL c. 140 § 1290D, you may transfer or sell your firearm to a properly licensed person or licensed dealer after they have been surrendered to the police department.
If you are the defendant in a restraining order (209A order) you must immediately surrender all firearms, rifles, shotguns, ammunition and feeding devices to the police department. Items surrendered as a result of a 209A order cannot be transferred via private sale or transfer. Items can only be transferred to a licensed dealer.
Any time the Danvers Police Department seizes a firearm in accordance with a 209A order, a domestic situation, a suspension, revocation or a renewal denial of a LTC or FID, or takes possession of a firearm for safekeeping, the firearm will be held by the Danvers Police Department for 45 days. After 45 days, the firearm will be transferred to Village Vault, a bonded public warehouse for firearm storage.
The Danvers Police Department will not transfer any firearms that are or may be evidence.
Danvers Police Firearms Contact:
If you have additional questions you may contact:
Detective Ashley Sanborn at 978-774-1213 x 124
or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com


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Online only! This edgy ankle bootie comes in vegan leather with a wrapped ankle cuff, decorative side buckle and metallic studs. Lace-up front and handy inner zipper rests on a lightly cushioned insole and durable rubber outsole. Style: MAVIS 2
Shaft height: 6"
Boot opening: 11.5"
All man made materials / Imported


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How to install OptiFine for windows (Boosts MC speed)
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dodongo boss for zelda nes map (1)
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if its a modded server can add custom modeled mobs so you can even make it look like him...
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I think it will put it on the Front page of the Projects section....
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I start today. But I know who I'm with really well and I've been with the teacher before in Maths an...
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CaptMinecraft150 said 09/03/2014/
Age: 16 IGN: CaptMinecraft150 Skype name: live:captminecraft150 Have you ever been banned before?...
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Official-jedimartin said 09/03/2014/
Game dev, composer, writer, musician, professional gamer, and youtube gamer. game dev, writer, and ...
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Post a project or blog...
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Expired Property Listing
This property is disabled.
Lake/Golf View Condo in Big Canoe
- bedrooms 2
- baths 2
- sleeps 6
- pool yes
- hot tub no
- pets allowed no
- type Condo
- community
rates (USD)
/ night
$ 500 - $ 650 / week
$ 1,000 - $ 2,000 / month
vacation rental description
Cute and comfortable 2 bedroom, 2 full bath, fully furnished condo, with beautiful views of Lake Sconti and golf course. Modern, full service kitchen, master bedroom (king size bed), two twin (trundle) beds in second bedroom, and one sleeper sofa. Can accommodate 8 people.
The unit is equipped with a Dining Kitchen containing all the appliances you would expect in your own home; new dishwasher, new electric oven, microwave, coffee maker, stainless steel sink, waste disposal, toaster, fridge/freezer/icemaker, pots, pans with a full range of utensils and cutlery. Outdoor porch with gas grill. New heating and air system, new stove, washer and dryer, telephone, cable, local wireless connection, HD flat screen TV, DVD, VCR player, video games, DVD movies, etc.
condo rental amenities
Big Canoe is a private gated community comprised of more than 7,000 acres located in the North Georgia Mountains (about 1 hour north of Atlanta), and designed primarily to allow its owners and their guests the opportunity to enjoy the natural surroundings and wildlife, while preserving the beauty of the mountain and lake settings. Experience the over 20 miles of hiking trails (including an off-road 4-wheel drive trail), 3 stocked lakes, boating, fishing, swimming, (huge new children's activity pool), 153 foot water slide, 27 hole golf course, tennis (10 courts - 2 in doors), jogging paths, 16,000+ square foot fitness – racquetball – spa facility, basketball, soccer, & baseball fields, restaurants, abundant wildlife, and beautiful scenery.
activities and attractions in Big Canoe Georgia
Amicalola Falls State Park - Beautiful state park just 15 minutes from the gates of Big Canoe offers numerous hiking trails of varying lengths and a mountaintop lodge and restaurant. Amicalola is the tallest cascading waterfall east of the Mississippi River and one of Georgia's most popular state parks.
Gibbs Gardens is distinguished by 220-acres of gardens set in a mature forest in the foothills of the North Georgia Mountains. The rolling hills, abundance of springs and streams and mature shade trees create a truly unique backdrop for these unforgettable gardens. Visitors to Gibbs Gardens will experience what Jim Gibbs describes as "the harmony of nature" as they stroll through his 16 garden venues.
- Japanese Gardens, the largest in the nation
- Water Lily Gardens, the nation's largest display of 140 varieties in a natural environment
- Daffodil Gardens, the largest display in the country
- Manor House Gardens with seven flowering terraces covering 150 feet change of elevation from the Manor House to the Valley Gardens
Horseback Riding - Within a few minutes drive of Big Canoe are two options; The Bent Tree Riding Stables and the Swan Center Monestary both provide horseback riding instruction and trail rides. Call ahead for reservations.
Burt's Pumpkin Farm - Very popular destination in the autumn and only minutes from the gates of Big Canoe. The farm is a sea of orange from late September on into November and offers hay rides and field trips throughout the fall season. With pumpkins of all sizes as well as Indian corn and a wide assortment of gourds, Burt's Farm is a must-visit when visiting Big Canoe in October.
Goldrush Dahlonega - The site of the very first gold rush in America, the quaint town of Dahlonega is just 25 minutes drive from Big Canoe through the beautiful mountains of North Georgia. With a great variety of gift and antique shops in it's well preserved downtown, Dahlonega is a great destination for the whole family. Visit the Gold Museum, do some shopping, visit a winery, or take in one of the town's many festivals throughout the year.
Lake Lanier Islands - Just 30 minutes from Big Canoe is Georgia's largest man-made lake and one of it's most visited destinations. With many options for boating, swimming, fishing, skiing and sailing, Lake Lanier has something for everyone.
North Georgia Premium Outlets - Located in Dawsonville and just 25 minutes from Big Canoe is the ultimate outlet shopping experien -ce. Crate and Barrel, Pottery Barn, Polo Ralph Lauren, Banana Republic, Liz Claiborne, Off Saks, Bose Factory Outlet, Harry and David, Kenneth Cole, and Westpoint Stevens are just a few of the stores offered.
White Water Rafting - If the calm waters of Big Canoe leave you wanting a little more adventure, travel north along Highway 515 through the gorgeous North Georgia mountains into Tennessee to raft the Ocoee River. An easy drive from Big Canoe, it's a family experience you won't soon forget.
vacation rental rates
Off Season rates (Dec. 1 thru March 31) are $90 per night, one time house cleaning fees are $60 and a refundable deposit of $200 is required in advance.
Prime Season rates (April 1 thru Nov. 30) are $120 per night, one time house cleaning fees are $60 and a refundable deposit of $200 is required in advance.
50% payment is requested 60 days in advance and 100% payment is requested 30 days in advance. Discounts are offered for 3 night stay get fourth night free, and bonus stays are provided for referral customers, inquire for details.


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42 U.S. Code § 5850 - Unresolved safety issues plan
The Commission shall develop a plan providing for the specification and analysis of unresolved safety issues relating to nuclear reactors and shall take such action as may be necessary to implement corrective measures with respect to such issues. Such plan shall be submitted to the Congress on or before January 1, 1978 and progress reports shall be included in the annual report of the Commission thereafter.
Source(Pub. L. 93–438, title II, § 210, as added Pub. L. 95–209, § 3,Dec. 13, 1977, 91 Stat. 1482.)
Prior Provisions
Another section 210 ofPub. L. 93–438was renumbered section 211 and is classified to section 5851 of this title.
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of certain functions from Nuclear Regulatory Commission to Chairman thereof, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1980, 45 F.R. 40561, 94 Stat. 3585, set out as a note under section 5841 of this title.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
|Description of Change
|Session Year
|Public Law
|Statutes at Large
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Denver Broncos
Eric Decker - #87 - WR
|6' 3"/ 218 lbs.
|Cold Spring, MN
|Years played
|2010, 3rd round, 23rd pick by Broncos
Broncos OLB Dumervil signs RFA tender
Broncos OLB Elvis Dumervil signed his restricted free-agent tender one day before the team could have reduced its offer.
Broncos sign fifth-round pick Cox
The Broncos announced the signing of fifth-round pick Perrish Cox late Wednesday.
Smith facing challenge for Broncos' nickel CB job
Second-year veteran Alphonso Smith is no lock to win the Broncos' nickel cornerback job, we hear.
Report: Broncos waive QB Brandstater
The Broncos waived fourth-string QB Tom Brandstater on Friday.
Tebow a rookie worth rooting for
Tim Tebow has been told by many that he can't be a successful quarterback, but thus far he has proved his critics wrong. Now he'll get a shot in Denver, where coach Josh McDaniels traded a boatload of ...
Broncos OLB Dumervil still hoping for contract offer
While it doesn't appear that an agreement between Elvis Dumervil and the Broncos is imminent, sources in Denver say it would be surprising if the team didn't lock him up for several seasons before the start of the ...
Broncos sign seventh-round CB Thompson
The Broncos announced they have signed CB Syd'Quan Thompson, the 225th overall pick (seventh round) in the draft.
Broncos considering free-agent RB Westbrook
The Broncos are seriously considering adding another running back to play behind second-year RB Knowshon Moreno, we hear.
Report: Broncos NT Fields arrested on gun charge
A report out of Houston says that Broncos NT Ronald Fields was arrested Friday night in Houston. The 28-year-old was allegedly given a misdemeanor charge of unlawful carrying of a weapon.
Broncos' Polumbus or Beadles could get call if Clady has setback
The Broncos are hoping OLT Ryan Clady will be ready to play by the time the regular season opens, but some estimates have him missing three months and then needing an additional month before he's ready to play in ...
Vets feeling heat with rookies on board
The draft is in the rearview mirror, but here are five veteran players who could be looking over their shoulders with rookies gunning for their jobs.
Reports: Broncos OLT Clady tears patellar tendon
Broncos OLT Ryan Clady partially tore the patellar tendon in one of his knees while playing basketball over the weekend and had to undergo surgery, according to reports.
2010 draft choices by team: Broncos
Here are the players who were chosen by the Denver Broncos in the 2010 NFL draft.
Broncos fill O-line needs, take another receiver on Day Two
The Broncos filled the most glaring hole remaining on their roster Friday and added another wide receiver to the mix after spending a first-round pick on WR Demaryius Thomas on Thursday.
Broncos will need to be patient with Thomas, Tebow
The Broncos hope to have picked up the replacements for Jay Cutler and Brandon Marshall in Tim Tebow and Demaryius Thomas.
Decker finished his season with a seven-catch, 76-yard game with two touchdowns.||||||| It was the second straight two-TD game for Decker and his fourth this season. Interestingly enough, his two other two-TD games this season also came in consecutive games on Oct. 28 and Nov. 4.
Decker had six catches for 65 yards and two scores Sunday in a 34-12 rout of the Browns.||||||| Decker is tied for third in the NFL with 11 TD catches and has provided superb fantasy value all season.
Decker caught eight passes for 133 yards with a TD on Sunday against Baltimore.||||||| Decker has set career highs with 72 receptions for 923 yards and nine TDs this season.
Decker (thigh) was limited in practice on Wednesday.||||||| He joined WRs Brandon Stokley (knee) and Demaryius Thomas (knee) on the injury report, though Stokley and Thomas each participated fully.
Decker tied a season-high with eight catches for 99 yards and two touchdowns in Denver's win over Cincinnati on Sunday.||||||| Playing with Peyton Manning has only benefited Decker, who has now scored touchdowns in five straight games.


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text: High Country News http://www.hcn.org These are the search results for the query, showing results 1 to 15. Will the farm bill leave private lands conservation behind? http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/will-the-farm-bill-leaves-private-lands-conservation-behind No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-11-27T18:12:31Z Blog Post Wildlife agencies face the limits of sportsmen-funded conservation http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/wildlife-agencies-face-the-limits-of-sportsmen-funded-conservation No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-09-30T21:55:56Z Blog Post Why the farm bill's crop insurance is a missed opportunity for reducing climate risk http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/why-the-farm-bill-is-missed-opportunity-for-reducing-climate-risk No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-10-30T21:30:38Z Blog Post Why aren't experimental floods helping native fish below Glen Canyon Dam? http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/are-glen-canyon-dam-operations-keeping-an-endangered-fish-from-flourishing No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-08-29T16:43:36Z Blog Post Who is writing New Mexico's water regulations? http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/who-is-writing-new-mexicos-water-regulations A proposed rule to protect groundwater from copper mines suffers at the environment department's hands No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-05-22T21:04:38Z Blog Post What Arctic climate has to do with this Interior West cold snap http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/why-has-the-arctic-has-been-on-the-wests-doorstep No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-12-13T00:28:14Z Blog Post Want to put Western weather on the map? http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/want-to-put-western-weather-on-the-map Your smartphone data could help a Washington researcher predict the weather No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-02-20T06:16:39Z Blog Post Uncertain science in CA's Bay Delta http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/uncertain-science-in-the-bay-delta Science can help make tough water decisions, but it can't decide for us No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-03-25T17:44:27Z Blog Post Tiny foxes rescued from extinction http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/tiny-foxes-rescued-from-extinction A restoration success story on the Channel Islands No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-05-30T15:16:38Z Blog Post The endangered species to-do list http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/the-endangered-species-to-do-list Feds release plan for backlog of imperiled species No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-02-21T23:00:26Z Blog Post Save our gauges http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/save-our-gauges Important USGS stream gauges imperiled by austerity No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-05-16T23:20:11Z Blog Post Salt Lake City water managers troubleshoot climate change with local data http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/salt-lake-city-water-managers-using-new-research-to-keep-up-with-climate-change No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-11-06T16:10:23Z Blog Post Return to the bat cave http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/return-to-the-bat-cave Forest Service reopens some caves previously closed due to white-nose bat syndrome No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-04-11T21:02:17Z Blog Post Public pollution data make for a less-filthy West http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/public-pollution-data-make-for-a-less-filthy-west The EPA's annual toxics report is out. It's not perfect, but we shouldn't take it for granted. No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-01-25T02:18:39Z Blog Post New study shows how helping desert soil could save our snow http://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/new-study-shows-how-helping-desert-soil-could-save-our-snow No publisher Sarah Jane Keller 2013-11-27T01:38:41Z Blog Post


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Picando means spicy or prickly in Portuguese, and this burger has a definite bite. It's from the recipe box of cook, opera singer, and musical performer Susan Mello. In 2003, this little number took top honors in Sutter Home's Build a Better Burger Contest. Although not a Portuguese classic, this burger nonetheless combines familiar Portuguese flavors for an unexpected twist.–LC Editors
LC O Sweet Rolls, Sweet Rolls, Wherefore Art Thou Sweet Rolls? Note
If you can't find Portuguese sweet rolls, you can substitute any eggy, slightly sweet roll or bread, such as challah. It's not exactly the same, but it's close enough. Really.
Portuguese Pineapple Picando Burger Recipe
- Quick Glance
- Makes 4 burgers
- For the orange-garlic aioli
- 1/3 cup mayonnaise
- Pinch grated orange zest, preferably organic
- 2 tablespoon fresh orange juice, preferably organic
- 1 tablespoon minced garlic
- For the burgers
- 1/2 pound ground Portuguese chouriço or linguiça, or other dry-cured spicy sausage
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 3 tablespoons zinfandel
- 2 tablespoons tomato sauce
- 1 1/2 pound ground sirloin
- Vegetable oil, for brushing grill rack
- 4 Portuguese sweet rolls, toasted
- 1 cup loosely packed cilantro leaves
- 4 slices fresh pineapple
- Make the orange-garlic aïoli
- 1. In a small bowl, combine the mayonnaise, orange zest, orange juice, and garlic. Cover and refrigerate until ready.
- Make the burgers
- 2. Prepare a gas or charcoal grill for moderate direct heat cooking.
- 3. In a skillet over medium heat, heat the olive oil. Add the ground chouriço or linguiça and sauté until lightly browned. Add the wine and tomato sauce and stir to combine. Remove from the heat and let cool.
- 4. n a large bowl, combine the cooled chouriço and the ground sirloin and gently form the mixture into 4 patties. When the fire is ready, carefully brush the grill rack with oil. Grill the patties, turning once, until the desired doneness, 4 to 5 minutes per side for medium-rare or 6 to 8 minutes per side for medium. During the last few minutes of cooking, place the rolls, cut side down, around the outer edges of the grill just until lightly toasted.
- 5. Spread the orange mayo mixture on the rolls. Cover the bottom half of each roll with cilantro and then top with a burger and a pineapple ring. Sandwich with the tops of the rolls and serve immediately.
Hungry for more? Chow down on these:
- Burgers with Roasted Tomatoes, Pesto, and Mozzarella from Confections of a Foodie Bride
- Hawaiian Luau Burger from Steamy Kitchen
- Turkey Burgers with Lemon and Mint from Leite's Culinaria
- Olive-Lamb Burger with Mint Gremolata from Leite's Culinaria
Portuguese Pineapple Picando Burger Recipe © Susan Mello. All rights reserved.


text:
Sunday October 7 at 13h25, V.axess Facility in Crolles, France. As a loud uproar of applause rises from all corners of the building, the Russian team Hyperborea Evpator from St Petersburg finishes first the final task and claims the bell trophy of the Petzl RopeTrip.
Unfortunately for Vertice Vertical the other finalist team from Spain, one of the team member was stuck on his ascenders in a critical position and had to be assisted by the judges to get off the ropes, thus canceling for them all chances of victory. A few moment later, at the awards ceremony all the team of rope access workers were congratulating each others for their sporty participation in the event.
The first edition of the Petzl RopeTrip was a huge success, with a real international involvement from 12 different countries. Coming from as far as Singapore the participants were eager to both measure themselves throughout the very original tasks of the competition but also to be able to meet and discuss with fellow workers and trainers from different cultures and backgrounds. During the event one could attend a conference on european requirements in training for rope access, discuss about safety knots with the team from hungary, observe the precision and smoothness of the progression on ropes of the two Russian women involved, compare the speed efficiency of different ascending techniques etc...
The competition side even if it is a strong motor for all is not the finality of the participants as explained by Arnaud Chauvin, 2nd in 2012 French National Rope Access competition: "Even if we are in opposite teams we share tricks on how to complete a task quicker. Yes we are competitors at work but here we feel all in the same community of rope access workers".
For optimal image quality, set your display to 720p and click on Full-screen.
Having trouble viewing? Try here
A few Highlights of the week end
- External rope task: Tania of team Evpator Moscow lost only 50g. of water from the bucket.
- Silo Rescue: Anastasia from team Evpator St Petersburg rang the final bell before the fan went off, completing the rescue under 5min.
- Rejuvination: Serge Lamber, aged 67 also mountain guide completed all the tasks with the swiss Altimum team and they ranked 17/25.
- Creativity: Special mention for the Spanish team Sector Vertical and their scrap mascot "Pincelin".
- Outfits: Another mention for the French team Acromagnon dressed up in old style.
- Courage: To the Russians team who came by car all the way to Crolles.
- Far, far away: Team all Access showed from Singapore and finished 14/25.
- Involved: Our distributor in Bulgaria Petko Totev came with a team, but one the crew at the last minute could not make it, No problem Petko took his place and competed.
- Extrem: Again to the Russian teams who were part of last summers world underground exploration record going lower than -2000m in the Voronia caves.
- Shoot again? 99% of chance that the event is organized next year.
- Special thanks to: Sylvain Borrie and his team from EPIsûr, for the organisation of the event!
Photo gallery of the Petzl RopeTrip
1- Hyperborea Evpator (Russia)
Evgenii Venskii - Anastasia Venskaya - Daniil Cherednichenko
2- Vertice Vertical (España)
Jonatan Roblin - Miguel Costa - José Mellado
3- Aplomb (France)
De Carvalho Joël - De Carvalho Ruis - Mendes Albano


text:
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Posted 10.17.11 |
Essay: Cynthia E. Smith
Design with the Other 90%: Cities
Community residents prepare building materials for manufacture, Kaputiei New Town, Kisaju, Kajiado District, Kenya. [Photo by Acumen Fund. All images courtesy of the Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, and copyrighted by the respective authors.]
"We are poor, but not hopeless."
— Melanie Manuel, Backyarders Network, Manenberg, Cape Flats, South Africa
Hybrid Innovations
I was on my third liter of water; dirt and sand covered me as I walked in blowing wind next to the largest dumpsite in Dakar, Senegal. I had just come from seeing the efforts of a team of Senegalese and Canadian architecture students, who designed and built with local artisans a series of mosaic-clad community wells for the growing peri-urban settlement of Malika. [1] We took an hour's journey back to the city center, passing building after building under construction, emblematic of Dakar's rapid growth.
This would be my last interview after a year of field research in 15 different cities in Asia, Africa and Latin America. "What have you discovered in your travels?" asked Oumar Cissé, Executive Director of the African Institute for Urban Management. I told him I had set out to find successful design solutions to rapidly expanding informal settlements, and had found that the most innovative were hybrid solutions that bridge the formal and informal city. [2] Oumar affirmed, "Formal mechanisms are not adequate to tackle this rapid informalization of the city. We are not able to make services available as quickly as the growth. We should make our process more appropriate for this new reality by creating an interface between the formal and informal."
Clogged streets and overloaded public transport are typical in many of the cities I visited, and Dakar was no exception. A sea of motorbike taxis wove in and out of traffic. Often illegal and unregulated, motor-taxis, with minimal start-up costs, meet the growing demand for cheap transport in many cities in the Global South. [3] Rather than banning these illegal taxis, Oumar described an alternative system in which local governments register the drivers and provide brightly colored and numbered vests to identify them. Through this low-cost solution, motorbikes require no alterations, and their new visibility improves their perception and value within the city. [4] In Bangkok, Thailand, the government is going one step further with
, meaning "Progress of the People," a new and evolving program where drivers and other informal workers get benefits like Social Security and bank loans. [5]
Left: A local artisan creates a mosaic on a community well in Diamalye, an informal settlement in Malika, Dakar, Senegal. [Photo by Cynthia E. Smith, Smithsonian Institution] Right: Registered Prachawiwat motorbike taxi, Bangkok, Thailand. [Photo by Thapphawut Parinyapariwat]
Designing with People
In 2007, the first exhibition in Cooper-Hewitt's series on humanitarian design,
Design for the Other 90%
, helped spark an international dialogue about how design could improve the lives of poor and marginalized communities around the world. Professional designers have traditionally focused on the 10% of the world's population that can afford their goods and services, but that has dramatically changed in this new millennium. A new wave of designers, architects, engineers, NGOs and philanthropists is working directly with people with limited resources, collaborating across sectors to find solutions, and using emerging technology that "leapfrogs" poorer communities into the 21st century. They are proving that design can play a significant role in solving the world's most critical problems.
For the first time in history, more of us are living in cities than in non-urban areas. This massive migration into crowded, unhealthy informal settlements is the leading challenge of this century, pushing beyond the capacity of many local institutions to cope.
Design with the Other 90%: CITIES
was conceived to broaden exchanges of knowledge among the people living in our growing cities, on the one hand, and architects, engineers, designers, planners, policy-makers, and nongovernmental and funding organizations, on the other, with the goal of generating healthier and more inclusive cities. Placing people at the center of the solution is paramount to gaining the required insight to meet this challenge. In
Triumph of the City
, Edward Glaeser writes, "Cities don't make people poor; they attract poor people. The flow of less advantaged people into cities from Rio to Rotterdam demonstrates urban strength, not weakness." [6] The participation of slum dwellers and the urban poor is changing the dynamics of design at all levels.
Migrant Cities
Almost one billion people live in informal settlements, commonly called slums, around the world. [7] That number is projected to double by 2030. Most of the growth will be in emerging and developing countries of the Global South, in an increasingly climate-challenged world. [8] This massive urban migration signals a historic shift in our civilization. There are over 400 cities with one million inhabitants, more than 20 cities with ten million inhabitants, and three cities with at least 20 million. [9] In Latin America, close to 80% of the population live in urban areas [10], in Brazil, 90%. By 2030, all "majority world countries" [11] will have more people living in cities than in villages. [12] There are an estimated 200,000 slums around the world, with dense living conditions [13]; in Dhaka, Bangladesh, for example, 70% of the population live on only 20% of the city's land. [14]
Residents of the dense Korail informal settlement, Dhaka, Bangladesh, access their community via boats. [Photo by Cynthia E. Smith, Smithsonian Institution]
Close to 200,000 people are pulled to cities each day, enticed by the possibility of finding work, greater social mobility and freedom, and a better life for their families. [15] They are also pushed from their villages by rising waters, expanding deserts and intensifying local conflicts. The new migrants erect housing from materials at hand in leftover, often precarious space. They arrive to find divided cities typified by "inclusion and exclusion, integration and marginalization, wealth and poverty, equality and inequality." [16]
Adaptive Solutions
According to John Beardsley of Harvard University, "Slums are now the dominant form of urban land use in much of the developing world." [17] Cities are of course extraordinarily complex and always transforming, with distinct physical features, geographies, cultures and histories, and with evolving social, economic and political structures. Successful designs adapt to existing conditions. Amid the extreme geography of Caracas, Venezuela, settlements were built in the vertical mountains that surround the central city. The architecture firm Proyectos Arqui5, working with the San Rafael Unido community in Caracas's La Vega settlement, designed a
network of stairs and public landings that incorporate water and sewage systems throughout the settlement
. Families were able to remain in their homes, which was critical to maintaining social cohesion. In Medellín, Colombia, city plans integrate a cable public-transportation system that links the poorest neighborhoods with the rest of the city. Its
Integral Urban Plan
introduced safe public spaces, world-class libraries, business centers, and improved schools and medical facilities. This long-term design vision, in direct collaboration with citizens, reduced poverty and violence and improved local capacity and environmental sustainability. As such it is a replicable model for cities facing similar conditions.
Coastal cities throughout Asia, with large populations of the impoverished, and which struggle with volatile temperatures, declining rainfall, rising sea level and flooding, erosion, and salt intrusion, are piloting long-term, citywide measures. [18] India's Surat City, for instance, engages a range of stakeholders — in industry, academia and government — via online resources to increase climate-change resilience among poor and vulnerable communities. In the Philippines,
My Shelter Foundation
solicited designs for a multiuse structure that could withstand typhoons. The winning structure is engineered so that high winds easily pass through it; located on a hill above the flood line and constructed from locally grown, sustainable bamboo, it doubles as a public school and emergency shelter. Understanding and using local knowledge are critical for successful design.
In Diadema, once one of Brazil's most violent cities, the murder rate dropped from a high of 140 per 100,000 in 1999 to 14 per 100,000 by 2009; in 1983, three out of ten people lived in squatter communities, or
; by 2010, only three out of every 100 dwellers lived in them. [19] Using participatory planning and budgeting, the citizens of Diadema drew up plans and allocated the resources necessary to achieve these results. Certificates of tenure, based on the right of access for 90 years, were delivered so people could feel secure enough to invest in their future. [20] In contrast, the Savola Ghevra slum-resettlement scheme I visited, 25 miles (approx. 40 km) from the center of New Delhi, India, was an isolated urban island. Longstanding poor communities had been moved there from the city center and given small plots of land (less than 18 square meters, or 200 square feet, per resident), a process that discounted the importance of their established socioeconomic networks and physical proximity to their workplaces. In response to this dire situation, the
Center for Urban and Regional Excellence
, or CURE, develops new income-generating solutions such as sewing cooperatives and waste-collection enterprises with residents, especially women and youth. They also share safer design and construction solutions to vastly improve the quality of these families' lives.
Top: The Millennium School Bamboo Project, in Camarines-Sur, Philippines, is low-cost, uses local sustainable materials, can withstand 95 mph winds, and incorporates natural light and ventilation. [Photo by Eleena Jamil Architect] Bottom: In Savola Ghevra, Delhi, India, a resident cleans the streets and generates income, one local livelihood solution developed by the Center for Urban and Regional Excellence. [Photo by Cynthia E. Smith, Smithsonian Institution]
Right to the City
Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka, UN-Habitat's former Executive Director, states, "Urban inequality has a direct impact on all aspects of human development, including health, nutrition, gender equality and education." [21] The
largest slum in Southeast Asia, Dharavi, in Mumbai, India
, is often referred to as "a city within a city." A fishing village in the 1960s, it was transformed into a diverse slum of migrants with a vibrant informal economy of globalized exports. In
Urban Revolution
, Jeb Brugmann describes Dharavi as an "engine of urban poverty reduction" for various reasons: high density; low transportation costs (most workers in Dharavi also live there); high property usage, as buildings are used 24 hours a day for housing and workshops. Moreover, manufacturers, suppliers and retailers are next door to each other, and there is a strong migrant affiliation within micro-industries. [22] Once outside the city limits, Dharavi now sits on valuable land as a result of the formal city expanding around it. As a result families face eviction, either to the periphery of Mumbai or to alternative housing where they confront a new poverty, moved far from their means of livelihood, where the cost of living outpaces any potential benefits. To bring attention to their plight, local residents formed
Shack/Slum Dwellers International
. Renowned anthropologist David Harvey has argued for "another type of human right, that of the right to the city" for all citizens, via new modes of urbanization that do not dispossess the poor when the land they have settled on increases in value. [23]
Today "world-class cities" consume land at high cost — social, economic, cultural and ecological — displacing the urban poor in order to compete in the global marketplace by building airports, technology hubs, highways, golf courses, malls, high-end hotels and gated communities. [24] Laila Iskander of CID Consulting proposes an alternative approach which draws on traditional methods and culture rather than importing systems more suited for the more economically developed Global North. In Cairo, Egypt, CID cooperates with the Zabaleen, a community of minority Coptic Christians who are the primary waste pickers, to maintain an effective pro-poor system of waste management. Daily door-to-door retrieval and sorting result in the recycling of 80% of the collected waste while also providing income for the pickers. CID has developed innovative partnerships with the Zabaleen to meet the demand for plastic among local and international industries. This system of waste removal has spread to other countries, including Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. [25]
In Asia, particularly India, migration is accelerating due to reduced rural economic activity. And rather than occurring gradually over many years — in which the first generation moves to a nearby town, the second to a large city, and the third to an international network of cities — multi-generation migration is now simultaneous. [26] Urban sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that since cities are systems of power and laws, we need to change our mechanisms of authority to meet this challenge. [27] Enacting land-use reforms and securing tenure for informal settlers require cooperation from local authorities and private owners. In Cape Town, South Africa, the government provides public land for urban agriculture next to squatter settlements. An architect in Bangkok designed an equitable tenure solution called "land sharing," in which private land is shared with urban squatters. Reflecting Thai customs of compromise and sharing, the owners develop the street front for commercial use while slum dwellers receive legal tenure and improved housing. [28]
Rather than pushing the poor to the city outskirts, policy makers in São Paulo have devised a "compact city" strategy that builds support capacities and infrastructure, locates mixed-use housing closer to work opportunities, and increases social inclusion and diversity. [29] The São Paulo Municipal Housing Secretariat, or SEHAB, was the first city agency in Brazil to publish a public central database,
, with information and statistics about the city's settlements. Architect Elisabete França, SEHAB's Social Housing Director, coordinates programs addressing slum upgrading, water sourcing and land-tenure regularization. [30] By providing tenure titles instead of property titles, [31] the city has created "planning laws that give the social function of land priority." [32] In an effort to create common ground between top-down planning and bottom-up initiatives, the housing agency partnered with the Venezuelan-based
Urban-Think Tank
on the São Paulo Architecture Experiment, inviting Brazilian and international universities to design and implement new housing types and construction technologies in a dozen city settlements. [33]
New Urban Strategies and Practices
Some of the new inclusive approaches respond to subtleties of local culture. Matias Echanove and Rahul Srivastava of
URBZ/User-Generated Cities
are developing an action-based urbanology that values local user experience above trained expertise. [34] In
Urban Typhoon workshops
from Tokyo to New Delhi, local residents collectively author their urban visions with small multidisciplinary teams. The
Indian Institute for Human Settlements
, in consultation with MIT, Stanford and Harvard, and with design firms Arup and IDEO, is creating a new profession. "Urban practitioners" are taught interdisciplinary skills with the goal of enabling them to deal with rapid and complex urban growth — just in time, since India's 5,000 urban centers are projected to quadruple to a staggering 20,000 cities by 2050. [35] In Mumbai,
Partners for Urban Knowledge
, or PUKAR, has created the Youth Fellowship Project, which democratizes research by bringing together international students with local youth, guided by the philosophy that "MBAs can learn much from rag pickers." Using research as a transformative tool for advocacy and education, PUKAR's "barefoot researchers" explore their own communities while breaking down class and gender barriers through student partnerships. [36]
A number of international collaborations and initiatives are tackling sustainable urban development. A global coalition of cities called
Cities Alliance
is providing investment, planning and support for poverty reduction, slum urbanization and future growth, partnering with multilateral organizations like UN-Habitat and the World Bank, nongovernmental groups such as Slum Dwellers International, and ten countries, including the United States, Sweden, South Africa, and the Philippines.
C40 Cities
is a network that shares solutions for reducing emissions and energy use in urban areas, which produce 70% of the world's CO2 emissions and consume two-thirds of its energy. In 1992, the United Nations set Agenda 21, and participating countries agreed to a set of common goals for sustainable development in the 21st century. The long-term plan called for local actions that support the environment, social inclusion and poverty reduction via a broad participatory planning process. [37]
Sustainable and Resilient Cities
As the global population expands and resources diminish, we need our cities to become more sustainable and resilient, especially in response to increased climate-related activity. For millennia, people have settled along river deltas, drawn by fertile land and strategic access to transport.
TU Delft's Room for the River
project shows how densely populated delta regions can adapt to river overflows by creating park areas and new building typologies for controlled flooding. Working with local farmers, university researchers designed a "calamity polder"; here cows graze in a green area, and when the water rises, the animals are moved to new artificial "hills" until it recedes. These kind of ideas have significant implications for larger scales since dense informal settlements are especially vulnerable to rising water and changing weather. TU Delft's urban design students are mapping vulnerable deltas around the world [38] to observe evolving ecological systems and formulate more resilient city strategies. [39]
The world's urban centers play a decisive role in reducing our carbon output. The challenge of the 21st century — and the third wave of globalization — will be to design effective systems of production, consumption and habitation. The economic systems set up during the first two waves of global migration — in the 19th century as a result of the Industrial Revolution, when the global population was only one billion; the second at the end of the 20th century — ran first on coal, then on coal and oil. As these sources of energy become less viable, renewable energy will be needed. Delhi's Indian Institute for Human Settlements is designing an
Atlas of Urban Transformation
that visualizes global expansion in relation to economic growth and ecological footprint. Dynamic visuals help compare trends: China currently imports natural resources from around the globe to match its rapid growth; Brazil is utilizing local sugarcane for energy; Europe is designing more compact cities; American cities are testing smart technologies to reduce consumption; and India, due to its unique settlement structure, may be able to "tunnel through" this transition period. Tthough predicted to quadruple its urban population, India's carbon footprint might not increase due to its dispersed urban landscape of many cities (rather than just a few large ones) and the availability of rural food supplies near its urban centers. [40]
Top: Children play on the Platform of Hope, above Gulshan Lake, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Photo by Khondaker Hasibul Kabir] Bottom: A mural by community youth and artists Jeroen Koolhaas and Dre Urhahn, working under the name Haas&Hahn, Vila Cruzeiro favela, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [Photo by Haas&Hahn]
Insights and Ingenuity
Gulshan Lake separates Dhaka, Bangladesh, from Korail, its largest slum. The lake lies directly across from the 20-story headquarters of BRAC, the world's largest development NGO. While living with a local family, architect Khondaker Kabir constructed the bamboo Platform of Hope above the water. Local children gather on the platform to play and share fruits and vegetables from the thriving compact garden Khondaker planted between squatter shacks. We arrived in Korail by bike rickshaw to visit the platform. We walked along narrow paths dense with people and vibrant markets, passed small schoolrooms, stepped over open sewage, and made our way to where the slum met the water. Standing on the platform, we realized it created a quiet, open urban space floating between two cities. The low, dense informal city fell away behind us, and the formal city's skyscrapers rose in the distance across the stagnant water.
A number of architects, designers, journalists and artists have resided in informal settlements; the experience provides them with firsthand insight and informs their proposals for improvements. The U.S. journalist Robert Neuwirth, author of
Shadow Cities
, lived for a time in four sprawling squatter communities in Brazil, Kenya, India and Turkey, and found them to be thriving centers of ingenuity. Dutch artists Jeroen Koolhaas and Dre Urhahn of Haas&Hahn took me to the gang-controlled favela Vila Cruzeiro, in Rio de Janeiro, where they lived for a year while painting a series of public murals in an effort to bring international attention to the favelas' living conditions. Bullet holes riddled nearly all of the youth center's walls except for its impenetrable granite-walled stairwell, a safe harbor designed by Dutch architects for children during the frequent gun battles between Rio police and gangs.
South African journalist Steven Otter moved into a makeshift shack in a dense informal settlement miles from the center of Cape Town to confront his own perceptions of race and culture in the post-apartheid nation. His book,
Khayelitsha, uMlungu in a Township
, exposed the adverse living conditions and, more important, the resourcefulness and strong social fabric of the million people who reside in Khayelitsha, just one of the many slums surrounding Cape Town. [41]
A new playground and mural by local youth commemorate victims of violence, Villa Tranquila neighborhood, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Photo by Cynthia E. Smith, Smithsonian Institution]
Collective Voices
In Buenos Aires, Argentina, I met with squatter families who mobilized, after being evicted from their homes, to form the Movimiento Territorial de Liberación cooperative. Rosa Batalla of MTL described a sort of epiphany, when she "started to realize the answer is not an individual, but a collective solution." [42] The 326 families designed and constructed their own housing with the help of a prominent architect. The group has been so successful that it now builds social housing for similar cooperatives, employing construction workers and its own architects.
Reimagining a settlement or
villas de emergencia
— emergency dwellings — on the southern side of Buenos Aires, architect Flavio Janches used games to gain youth participation for the design of a new public space. The starting point for community revitalization, a playground in the public space features large murals, painted in memory of those lost to violence by local youths and giving expression to the socially and spatially isolated Villa Tranquila neighborhood. [43]
Trash and pollution cause many social and health problems in the Kibera settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. The
Community Cooker, or Jiko ya Jamii
, designed and engineered by the Nairobi architectural firm Planning Systems, is a large-scale oven that uses trash, collected by local youth for income, to power a neighborhood cooking facility. Community members bring collected trash in exchange for use of the cooker (one hour or less to cook a meal), or twenty liters of hot water. Elsewhere in Kibera, a collective of local artisans and groups of landscape designers, architects and engineers have reclaimed a dumping site next to a stream that runs through the slum. The
Kibera Public Space Project
incorporates a variety of uses, including micro-enterprises, a community pavilion, youth playground and gardens for composting.
Top: Kibera residents use the Community Cooker, Nairobi, Kenya. Bottom: Squatters in Manenberg settle in the backyards of other families, Cape Flats, Cape Town, South Africa. [Photos by Cynthia E. Smith, Smithsonian Institution]
Visible Settlements
A fundamental step in improving living conditions in an informal settlement is understanding its circumstances; this might seem evident but the facts are often elusive. In Nairobi, no one could tell me exactly how many people lived in Kibera — anywhere from 750,000 to 1.5 million. The slum is roughly two-thirds the size of New York City's Central Park, making it one of the largest informal settlements in eastern Africa. [44] But technology is working to visualize what actually exists in these blank spots on official maps. In Bangladesh, Venezuela and Kenya, Google Map satellite images help reveal the density of settlements. Using open-source mapping software, the
GroundTruth Initiative
works with local youth to pinpoint water and sanitation locations, security problems and health clinics via Map Kibera. [45] Other slum dwellers use enumeration and mapping in an effort to understand who lives in the settlement and what services are lacking — an early step in upgrading. In Cape Town, I interviewed women community leaders from Manenberg's Federation of the Urban Poor and Slum/Shack Dwellers, who had been invisible to the municipality but now live in improved housing. In the townships (the South African term for slums), families often rent their backyards to the newest squatters — the "hidden backyarders," who were revealed in a survey of the overcrowded neighborhood. And a new organization, the West Cape Backyarders Network, was formed to improve the conditions of families living without water, electricity and toilets, often sleeping four to a bed in makeshift shacks.
Informal Exchanges and Incremental Design
Denied basic services, proper shelter, jobs and other advantages, informal settlers are discovering new forms of exchange and collaboration to meet their needs. In Manila, I met with the Payatas Scavenger Association, mostly women who are "no longer waiting for the government." [46] An affiliate of Shack/Slum Dwellers International, the Scavenger Association formed a micro-saving group and pooled money to move its members away from Payatas's mountain of garbage, which had killed close to 2,000 people when a landslide engulfed a section of the slum after heavy rains. Purchasing land, the women designed housing with help from volunteer architects and learned the skills to purchase materials and construct new homes themselves. They are currently turning the new community,
Miraculous Hills
, into a sustainable "eco-village." This innovative approach to building a pro-poor city started in Mumbai, India, and has spread to 34 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America via Shack/Slum Dwellers exchanges. Fundamental to this process is the belief that people deserve the information to choose where to go and how to live safely.
Alternatively, a group of families who used to beg on the streets of Nairobi saved enough money to purchase land 43.5 miles (70 km) outside the city and are manufacturing their own building materials. They formed the Jamii Bora Trust and worked with architects to erect
Kaputiei New Town
, a safer, cleaner village with over 700 houses and temporary storefronts, primary and secondary schools, churches, factories, and a town generator. [47]
In Argentina, professionals share basic urban planning and design knowledge with newly arriving squatters. Architects from the University of Buenos Aires' Secretary of Community Action program designed, produced and distribute a free workbook,
Manual de Urbanismo para Asentamientos Precarios
Urbanism Manual for Precarious Settlements
) that described how to build in safer, more strategic locations. Other initiatives overcome limited available resources to find solutions. In South Africa, the industrial design group …XYZ demonstrated to me the
Design with Africa
initiative, which uses local context and culture to design products for Africa. [48] Rather than deliver a highly specialized, fully made product, they conceived a minimal, low-cost armature, which includes parts that local artisans can easily manufacture and that can be transformed for many uses — for instance, a bike, cart, or taxi. To meet the exploding demand for housing, the
Chilean architecture group Elemental
designed half-built "incremental houses," which include the basics such as roof, kitchen and bathroom, and leaves the rest for the occupants to build.
Top: Mahila Milan discusses saving as a group to a local community in a slum settlement in Pune, India. [Photo by Shack/Slum Dwellers International]. Bottom: Bicycle fabricated using the Design with Africa bicycle modules, Rustenburg, South Africa. [Photo by …XYZ Design]
Equal Access
Mzonke Poni, organizer of
Abahlali baseMjondolo
, a grassroots movement fighting for better conditions in South Africa, walked me through narrow passages between small shelters in QQ Section Site B of Khayelitsha. As we turned a corner past outdoor hair salons and makeshift saloons, the air filled with the smell of frying chicken feet and the sounds of vuvuzelas blowing in the distance in anticipation of the soccer World Cup. Mzonke showed me where the small shacks, built on land much lower than the road, flood regularly. He explained that the local electrical company refused to provide electricity — a necessity, not merely an option, for residents of informal settlements if they are to participate in the world economy. In contrast, in Manila, the local utility, Meralco, electrified dense settlements by bringing distribution lines to the edge of the slums and creating "elevated meter centers" that provide power and protect lines from unsafe connections.
Slipping and sliding at times, stepping over open sewage, we made our way in Kibera, Nairobi, to several shower and latrine blocks constructed by the local NGO Maji na Ufanisi, whose motto is "Water is life; sanitation is dignity." Part of K-WATSAN (
Kibera Integrated Water, Sanitation & Waste Management Project
), in Soweto East, one of the 12 villages in Kibera, the NGO worked with the UN-Habitat/World Bank Cities Alliance and the Government of Kenya to build eight such sanitation blocks. Users pay a small fee to the community-based organization, which runs the sanitation block and maintains the clean water, showers and toilets. Also in Nairobi, Ecotact has created
Ikotoilet Malls
, which provide similar services for the urban poor and business community. Users' nominal costs are offset by local enterprises, such as shoeshine booths, mobile phone services, newspaper vendors, barbers, and snack shops, and also by advertising. Biogas from human waste is used to generate light and hot water.
Umande Trust
, a local "rights-based" agency, designed 14 BioCentre community latrine blocks in Kibera. Three stories high, they feature toilets and showers accessible to the disabled and free "child-only" toilets; kiosks selling affordable clean water; and a community center and offices on the top two floors. A biogas-generating latrine block treats human waste in situ without requiring sanitation infrastructure. Built with locally available technology and unskilled labor, it requires minimal maintenance and has no movable parts.
BioCentre community latrine block, constructed by Umande Trust, in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya. [Photo by Umande Trust]
In Kampala, Uganda, I met merchants from the Kalarwe Market, who formed a micro-savings group, Zibulaatudde Savings and Development, which is unusual in that it formed around a market rather than a neighborhood. When asked what they were saving for, most responded, "Proper education for our children." In Mumbai's slums, the organization Pratham, working with UNICEF, runs schools in nontraditional spaces such as temples and homes, helping first-generation learners gain basic literacy and numeracy skills. It targets poor urban communities, or
, for universal elementary education, and has thus far established programs in 4,000 bastis. Their learning-by-doing method was designed to significantly impact the students in four to eight weeks. [49]
Using the neighborhood streets of Villa Madalena in São Paulo, Gilberto Dimenstein and the
Bairro Escola
(Neighborhood as School) engage the community by forming a network of resources, such as a theater, school, cultural centers and businesses. At school, children hone their creativity and skills by designing books, stools and media. [50] This innovative model has spread to five hundred Brazilian cities in partnership with local and federal agencies. [51]
To improve access to transportation, the new
Janmarg Bus Rapid Transit system
in the growing city of Ahmedabad, India, deploys raised platforms for at-grade boarding and pre-ticketing, greatly reducing boarding time. We easily entered the bus, which quickly moved through the congestion of motorbikes, cars, bicycles and rickshaws. Our fellow passengers were a cross-section of the population: the elderly and disabled, people heading to work, young students. Abhijit Lokre, a lecturer in planning at the Centre for Excellence in Urban Transport at CEPT University, explained how one poor minority community far from the center is now connected to the rest of the city via this initial BRT route. [52] The city, which expects its population to double from five to ten million by 2030, plans to create a 55-mile network of Janmarg ("the people's way") BRT lines linked to different modes of transport. [53] Another Indian city, Chennai, is working on an integrated regional transportation plan that accommodates growth in surrounding cities. In rapidly urbanizing China, Guangzhou's high-capacity BRT system comes close to what Susan Zielinski of SMART —
Sustainable Mobility & Accessibility Research & Transformation
, a think tank at the University of Michigan — calls "multi-modal forms of transport, commuter trains linked to bus rapid transit and bike lanes that provide a door-to-door, seamless system enhanced by information technology." [54] Handling one million passenger trips a day, Guangzhou's dedicated BRT corridor connects to the subway at six stations and to 8,000 bikes via 150 bike-sharing stations; information technology is on the horizon. [55]
The Bus Rapid Transit system in Guagzhou, China, serves 8,500 passengers an hour and helps cut carbon emissions and reduce congestion. [Photo by Karl Fjellstrom, Institute for Transportation & Development Policy]
Innovative Urban Solutions
Urbanization is perceived by some to be the problem; paradoxically, it can be the solution because it can provide "pathways out of destitution" and opportunities for a better future. [56] Rather than disrupting or neglecting the poor, cities can actively build the capacity of all citizens. Design is giving form to ideas generated in partnership with diverse urban stakeholders. Yet to meet this growing challenge, more is needed.
For those who migrate to precarious settlements in the next decades, innovative measures to improve basic amenities, livelihoods and security of tenure will be required; examples include the land-sharing program created in Thailand by the Community Organizations Development Institute; the sustainable wastewater system sponsored in Senegal by ENDA, or Environmental Development Action in the Third World; and the entrepreneurial efforts initiated by the COOPA ROCA (the Rocinha Seamstress and Craftwork Cooperative) in Brazil. And we will need to create new systems, adapted to local cultures and places, for sharing successful models like these; for scaling up for wider implementation; for helping local authorities improve infrastructure; for redefining what constitutes a sustainable, inclusive, competitive, world-class city; for preparing for increased climate volatility; and for developing a "knowledge web for urban infrastructure." [57]
National economies are linked to cities; in the United States, 90% of the GDP comes from urban areas. [58] Establishing thriving, sustainable cities in the Global North as well as in the Global South is imperative during this period of urban migration, climate change and economic expansion. We need to show a new generation of practitioners how to design for density and social inclusion through mixed-income cohabitation, long-term investment in multimodal public transportation, and collaborative regional approaches. We can all learn a great deal from developing and emerging economies about how to create innovative solutions with limited resources and challenging environmental requirements. Urban Think Tank's Vertical Gym, for instance, designed for the violent slums of Caracas, could easily be adapted for the dense borough of Queens in New York City; and Planning System's Community Cooker can serve those in remote locations in Canada.
It will be difficult to meet the extraordinary challenges that our urban areas face as a result of the massive population shift from villages to cities. We need to plan for transformative change, include people in the planning, and educate for urban complexity. The projects included in
Design with the Other 90%: Cities
explore new social, spatial and economic structures. It is critical we find ways to share information — the urban success stories, the efforts to implement and sustain promising initiatives and their impacts over time. This will require more inclusive urban design practices; responsible economic and environmental policies; the establishment of new institutions; transparent governance; improved equity and security; and land reform for a more just and humane urban world.
Editors' Note
"Design with the Other 90%: Cities" is adapted from the essay "Designing Inclusive Cities," by Cynthia E. Smith, which is published in the catalogue for the exhibition
Design with the Other 90%: CITIES
, curated by Smith and organized by the
Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum
. The exhibition, which is on view at the Main Gallery of the United Nations Visitors Lobby, opened on October 15 and runs through January 9, 2012. The essay appears here courtesy of the Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt.
1. Field research with design/build team of students and Denise Piché and André Casault, Professors of Architecture, University of Laval, Quebec City, Canada, and students from the Collège d'Architecture de Dakar, in the peri-urban area of Malika in Dakar, Senegal, June 24, 2010.
2. Carlos Brillembourg, "
José Castillo
," in
94 (winter 2005–6).
3. Meeting with Oumar Cissé, African Institute for Urban Management, Dakar, Senegal, June 24, 2010.
4. Ibid.
5. "
Thailand's Motorbike Taxis: Enter the Orange Shirts
," in
The Economist
(February 17, 2011): 42–43.
6. Edward Glaeser,
Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier
(New York: The Penguin Press, 2011): 9.
7. Pietro Garau, Elliott D. Sclar, and Gabriella Y. Carolina,
A Home in the City: UN Millennium Project, Task Force on Improving the Lives of Slum Dwellers
(London: Earthscan, 2005): 12.
8. "
Slum Dwellers to Double by 2030: Millennium Development Goal Could Fall Short
," in UN-HABITAT: Twenty-first Session of the Governing Council, April 16–20, 2007 (accessed 3/15/11).
9. 2009 statistics: 376 cities between 1– 5 million; 32 cities 5–10 million; 21 cities with at least 10 million; 3 cities with at least 20 million (Tokyo, Delhi, SãoPaulo). "
Urban Agglomerations 2009
," in United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (accessed 5/3/11).
10. "
World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision
," in United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division 9, 9–10 (accessed 5/3/11).
11. Less economically developed countries where most people of the world live.
12. UN Habitat,
State of World's Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the Urban Divide
(London: Earthscan, 2008): viii.
13. Mike Davis,
Planet of Slums
(London: Verso, 2006): 26.
14. Ibid.: 95.
15. "Every year, close to 70 million people leave their rural homes and head for the cities. That's around 1.4 million per week, 200,000 a day, 8,000 each hour, 130 every minute." Robert Neuwirth, in
Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, a New Urban World
(New York: Routledge, 2006): xiii.
16. UN-Habitat,
State of the World's Cities 2010/2011
, back cover.
17. John Beardsley, "A Billion Slum Dwellers and Counting," in
Harvard Design Magazine
, no. 27 (fall 2007–winter 2008).
18. Sarah Opitz-Stapleton et al., eds.,
Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network
: Responding to the Urban Climate Challenge
(Boulder: Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, 2009).
19. José de Filippi, "Diadema, SP, Brazil: Housing, Urban Design and Citizenship," in
Harvard Review of Latin America
IX, no. 2 (spring/summer 2010): 25–26.
20. Mário Realie and Sérgio Alli, "The City of Diadema and the City Statute," in
The City Statute of Brazil: A Commentary
, 38 (São Paulo: Cities Alliance and Ministry of Cities, 2010).
21. Eduardo Lopez Moreno, "
UN-Habitat: State of the World's Cities Report 2008/9
" (accessed 4/26/11).
22. Jeb Brugmann,
Welcome to the Urban Revolution: How Cities Are Changing the World
(New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009): 98, 99.
23. David Harvey, "
The Right to the City
," in
New Left Review
53 (September–October 2008) (accessed 4/26/11).
"IIHS in Conversation with Prof. Yves Cabannes, Development Planning Unit, University College of London
," in Indian Institute for Human Settlements (accessed 5/1/11).
25. E-mail correspondence with Laila Iskandar, CID Consulting, December 14, 2010.
26. Brugmann: 41, 42.
27. Saskia Sassen, "Bridging Cities: Social and Ecological Systems," lecture at
Cities and Eco-Crises Conference
, Columbia University, New York, NY, October 1, 2010.
28. Meeting with Somsook Boonyabancha, Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, Bangkok, Thailand, January 14, 2010.
29. Remarks by Domingo Pires, Secretary of Housing of São Paulo and SP Urbanismo, at "Debating Poverty Reduction (II), Design and Planning Strategies" panel, organized by Columbia University, New York, NY, April 12, 2011.
30. Email correspondence with Gabriella Carolini, Edward J. Bloustein School of Public Planning, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, February 13, 2010.
31. Edesio Fernandes, "Regularising informal settlements in Brazil: By Legalization, Security of Tenure and City Management," paper presented at the ESF/N-Aerus Annual Workshop, Leuven, Brussels, May 23–26, 2001).
32. Email correspondence with Gabriella Carolini, February 13, 2010.
33. Alfredo Brillembourg, Elisabete Franca, Elton Santa Fe Zacarias, and Hubert Klumper, "São Paulo - Projeto de Urbanização de Favelas (Sao Paulo Architecture Experiment)," (São Paulo: HABI- Superintendencia de Habitação Popular/Secretaria Municipal de Habitação; New York: Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation SLUM Lab, 2010): 6.
34. Email correspondence with Matias Sendoa Echanove, March 09, 2011.
35. Meeting with Aromar Revi, Indian Institute for Human Settlements, New Delhi, India, January 22, 2010.
36. Meeting with Anita Patil Deshmukh, PUKAR, Mumbai, India, January 29, 2010.
37. Agenda 21 was formulated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 3–14, 1992. "
Agenda 21
," UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division of Sustainable Development (accessed 4/18/11).
38. TU Delft U-Lab's Urban Delta program: Rhine-Meuse Delta (Netherlands), Mississippi Delta (US), Yangtze Delta (China), Pearl River Delta (China), Parana River Delta (Argentina), Mekong Delta (Vietnam) Kaoshiung Delta (Taiwan); email correspondence with Han Meyer, TU Delft, August 17, 2011.
39. Meeting with Han Meyer, Urban Design Department, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands, January 7, 2010.
40. Meeting with Aromar Revi, Indian Institute for Human Settlements, New Delhi, India, January 22, 2010.
41. Steve Otter,
Khayelitsha: uMlungu in a Township
(South Africa: Penguin, 2007).
42. Meeting with Rosa Batalla, Movimiento Territorial Liberación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 1, 2010.
43. Meeting with Flavio Janches, B&J Architecture, Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 2010. See also "Designing Urban Opportunities," in
ReVista, Harvard Review of Latin America
IX, no. 2 (spring/summer 2010): 24.
44. Adam W. Parsons,
Megaslumming: A Journey Through Sub-Saharan Africa's Largest Shantytown
(UK: Share the World's Resources, 2009): 28.
45. Meeting with Erica Hagen, GroundTruth Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya, June 14, 2010.
46. Meeting with Philippine Action for Community-Led Shelter Initiatives and Homeless People's Federation Philippines, Manila, Philippines, January 10, 2010.
47. Email correspondence with Elector Atieno, Jamii Bora Trust, May 23, 2011.
48. Meeting with Roelf Mulder and Byron Qually, …XYZ Design, Cape Town, South Africa, June 8, 2010.
49. "
Pratham: Every Child in School and Learning Well: History
" (accessed 4/30/11).
50. Meeting with Gilberto Dimenstein, Apprendiz, São Paulo, Brazil, March 30, 2010.
51. Gilberto Dimenstein, "The City as School," in
Harvard Business Review
Blog (April 22, 2011) (accessed 4/30/11).
52. Meeting with Abhijit Lokre, Centre for Excellence in Urban Transport, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India, January 25, 2010.
53. Meena Kadri, "
People's Way: Urban Mobility in Ahmedabad
," in Places: Design Observer (April 19, 2010) (accessed 5/3/11).
54. Cooper-Hewitt public program: "Food and Transportation: New Systems Approach to Transforming Cities Sustainably," New York, NY, October 19, 2010.
55. Email correspondence with Stephanie Lotshaw, Institute for Transportation & Development Policy, May 24, 2011.
56. Glaeser: 90.
57. Meeting with Michael Lindfield, Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines, January 11, 2010.
58. Statement by Derek Douglas, Special Assistant to the President for Urban Affairs, White House, at the 2011 Regional Assembly "Innovation and the Global City," New York, NY, April 15, 2011.
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