text:
|Table of Contents
|Vol. 42, No. 6, 2005
Issue release date: November–December 2005
Serine 68 Phospholemman Phosphorylation during Forskolin-Induced Swine Carotid Artery RelaxationRembold C.M.a-c · Ripley M.L.a · Meeks M.K.a · Geddis L.M.c · Kutchai H.C.c · Marassi F.M.d · Cheung J.Y.e · Moorman J.R.a, b
aCardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, bCardiovascular Research Center, cDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va., dThe Burnham Institute, La Jolla, Calif., and eDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa., USA Corresponding Author
Background: Phospholemman (PLM) is an abundant phosphoprotein in the plasma membrane of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle. It is a member of the FXYD family of proteins that bind to and regulate the Na,K-ATPase. Protein kinase A (PKA) is known to phosphorylate PLM on serine 68 (S68), although the functional effect of S68 PLM phosphorylation is unclear. We therefore evaluated S68 PLM phosphorylation in swine carotid arteries. Methods: Two anti-PLM antibodies, one to S68 phosphorylated PLM and one to unphosphorylated PLM, were made to PLM peptides in rabbits and tested with purified PLM and PKA-treated PLM. Swine carotid arteries were mounted isometrically, contracted, relaxed with forskolin and then homogenized. Proteins were separated on SDS gels and the intensity of immunoreactivity to the two PLM antibodies determined on immunoblots. Results: The antipeptide antibody 'C2' primarily reacted with unphosphorylated PLM, and the antipeptide antibody 'CP68' detected S68 PLM phosphorylation. Histamine stimulation of intact swine carotid artery induced a contraction, increased the CP68 PLM antibody signal and reduced the C2 PLM antibody signal. High extracellular [K+] depolarization induced a contraction without altering the C2 or CP68 PLM signal. Forskolin-induced relaxation of histamine or extracellular [K+] contracted arteries correlated with an increased CP68 signal. Nitroglycerin-induced relaxation was not associated with changes in the C2 or CP68 PLM signal. Conclusions: These data suggest that a contractile agonist increased S68 PLM phosphorylation. Agents that increase [cAMP], but not agents that increase [cGMP], increased S68 PLM phosphorylation. S68 PLM phosphorylation may be involved in cAMP-dependent regulation of smooth muscle force.
Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
Phospholemman (PLM, also known as FXYD1) is a 72-amino acid sarcolemmal protein that is abundant in heart and skeletal muscle and present in other tissues such as kidney [1]. Protein kinase A (PKA) induces PLM phosphorylation on serine 68 (S68) [2, 3] while protein kinase C (PKC) induces phosphorylation on both serine 63 (S63) and S68 [2, 3]. Initial studies suggested a role for PLM in osmolyte flux and cell volume regulation [4, 5]. More recent findings suggest a physical and functional association of PLM with membrane ion transporters such as the Na,K-ATPase [6, 7] and the Na-Ca exchanger (NCX1) [8, 9]. These findings suggest that PLM may have functional roles similar to other members of the FXYD family of proteins [10]. For example, the =γ-subunit of Na,K-ATPase (FXYD2) shares significant homology with PLM [10] that could explain the effect of PLM on Na,K-ATPase activity [11].
Very little is known about PLM in smooth muscle. Three papers describe a 16- to 17-kDa phosphoprotein in smooth muscle that may well have been PLM (PLM has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 16 kDa on SDS gels) [1]. In 1985, Boulanger-Saunier et al. [12] identified a 16-kDa phosphoprotein in a plasma membrane-enriched fraction of rat aortic smooth muscle cell membranes. This protein copurified with Na,K-ATPase and was phosphorylated by PKA in vitro and by isoproterenol in vivo. Its dephosphorylation was inhibited by 10 mM NaF. Boulanger-Saunier et al. [13] subsequently found that a phorbol ester (TPA) in vitro and arginine vasopressin in vivo induced phosphorylation of the 16-kDa protein on a second site distinct from the PKA site. In 1989, Sarevic et al. [14] found that a 17-kDa membrane phosphoprotein, likely PLM, was phosphorylated by PKA but not by protein kinase G. PLM mRNA has been reported in canine aortic, esophageal and gastric smooth muscle [1]. While these publications suggest that PLM is present and phosphorylated in intact smooth muscle, they cannot be considered definitive as they predate the cloning of PLM in 1991 and the subsequent development of reagents to study it.
Contraction of smooth muscle is typically associated with increased intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+] i), formation of a Ca2+4-calmodulin complex, activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains (MRLC) on serine 19 [15]. Phosphorylation of MRLC enables crossbridge attachment to the thin filament, thereby allowing crossbridge cycling and force generation [16]. In many cases, smooth muscle relaxation proceeds via a reversal of this contraction process: reduction of myoplasmic [Ca2+], inactivation of MLCK and dephosphorylation of MRLC [17,18,19].
cAMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation occurs via binding of agonists to specific seven-membrane-spanning receptors (e.g., β2-adrenergic) which activate adenylyl cyclase via G proteins [e.g., ref. [20]. Adenylyl cyclase can also be directly and relatively specifically activated by low concentrations of forskolin (e.g., 0.1–1 μM). It is well known that increases in [cAMP] can reduce [Ca2+] i and thereby inactivate MLCK and cause relaxation by MRLC dephosphorylation [see reviews in ref. [21, 22]. Specific mechanisms for reduction in [Ca2+] i include (1) inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization from the sarcoplasmic reticulum [21], (2) hyperpolarization [23], (3) decreased Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated channels [24], and (4) activation of plasma membrane Ca2+ pumps [25]. There are also mechanisms other than reductions in [Ca2+] i where increased [cAMP] can cause relaxation, e.g., force suppression associated with serine 16 heat shock protein 20 phosphorylation [26].
Our general hypothesis is that cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of PLM on S68 phosphorylation causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation by increasing the activity of the Na,K-ATPase. The goals of this study were (1) to determine if PLM is present in smooth muscle, (2) to determine if cAMP-mediated relaxation is associated with S68 PLM phosphorylation, the site phosphorylated by PKA in vitro, and (3) to infer whether cAMP-mediated relaxation is associated with a decrease in intracellular Na+ ([Na+] i). To accomplish these goals, we developed S68 phosphorylation-specific PLM antibodies. These antibodies were then tested in forskolin-induced relaxation of swine carotid artery.
Material and Methods
Swine common carotid arteries were obtained from a slaughterhouse and transported at 0°C in physiological salt solution (PSS). PSS contained (mM): NaCl 140, KCl 4.7, 3- [N-morpholino] propane sulfonic acid 5, Na2HPO4 1.2, CaCl2 1.6, MgSO4 1.2, D-glucose 5.6, pH adjusted to 7.4 at 37°C. Zero Na+ PSS was PSS where CholineCl was substituted for NaCl and the Na2HP04 was omitted. Dissection of medial strips, mounting and determination of the optimum length for stress development at 37°C were performed as previously described [27]. The intimal surface was mechanically rubbed to remove the endothelium.
We developed two specific antibodies against PLM: C2 which was made to react with dephosphorylated PLM and CP68 which was made to react with PLM phosphorylated at S68, the site phosphorylated by PKA. Both were raised against C-terminal PLM peptides. To raise polyclonal antibodies against dephosphorylated PLM (C2), the 16-amino acid peptide NH2-CGTFRSSIRRLSTR RR-COOH was used as the antigen and the resulting rabbit polyclonal antibody affinity purified as described [28]. To make S68 phosphorylation-specific antibodies (CP68), the 19-amino acid peptide NH2-DEEEGTFRSSIRRL Sp (68) TRRR-COOH was made with phosphoserine (Sp) at S68. This peptide was injected into rabbits and serum collected. For affinity purification of CP68 (the phosphorylation-specific antibody), the serum was processed over an agarose immunosorbent containing the unconjugated dephosphorylated peptide to remove antibody activity that would bind the peptide irrespective of phosphorylation status. Phosphorylated PLM-specific antibodies were then affinity purified from the cleaned serum by passage over an immunosorbent containing the phosphorylated PLM peptide. ELISA showed less than 2% cross reactivity of the phosphorylated PLM-specific antibody with the dephosphorylated PLM peptide (Bethyl Labs, Montgomery, Tex., USA).
Purified recombinant dephosphorylated PLM was prepared as described [29]. A pig cardiac sarcolemmal vesicle preparation [30] was loaded on most blots since it contained dephosphorylated and phosphorylated PLM that was detected by both anti-PLM antibodies.
Forty micrograms of purified recombinant dephosphorylated PLM (trifluorethanol removed by N2 evaporation) [29] were incubated in 200 μl of a buffer containing 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 0.1% Triton X-100, 25 mM NaF and 0.1 mM ATP with =γ-32P-ATP. Samples were removed both before and after addition of 1 μl (1.1 μg) of the catalytic subunit of PKA (specific activity 6.3 μmol/min/mg, a generous gift of Tom Lincoln, PhD). The reaction was stopped by addition of 1% SDS. The stoichiometry of PLM phosphorylation was calculated from the 32P activity of the phosphorylated PLM (dpm/mol PLM) divided by the 32P-specific activity of the ATP employed (dpm/mol =γ-phosphate in ATP).
Measurement of PLM Phosphorylation
Swine carotid arteries were pharmacologically treated and frozen in an acetone-dry ice slurry (20 g/20 ml) at –78°C [27]. The frozen tissue was allowed to slowly thaw to room temperature in the slurry (2 h), the tissues were air dried, weighed and homogenized in a buffer containing 1% SDS, 10% glycerol and 20 mM dithiothreitol (20 mg wet weight/ml buffer). Twenty microliters of homogenates (concentration normalized to tissue weight) were then loaded identically onto two 12% SDS electrophoresis gels, blotted to nitrocellulose and then incubated with the anti-PLM antibodies (1:10,000 for C2 and 1:1,000 for CP68). After washing, incubation with secondary antibodies (1:5,000 of goat anti-rabbit) and detection with enhanced chemiluminescence, the blots were imaged and digitized with UnScanIt (Silk Scientific Inc.).
Two internal standards were loaded on every gel to allow comparison of immunoblotting intensity on different blots. One standard, 'KF', was a pooled homogenate of swine carotid tissues that had been activated with 109 mM extracellular [K+] ([K+] o) for 10 min followed by the addition of 10 μM forskolin for 30 min. The second standard, 'K', was a pooled homogenate of swine carotid tissues that had been activated with 109 mM [K+] o for 40 min. The intensity of the PLM antibody immunoreactivity was determined for the experimental samples and these standards on every blot. We found that the ratio of the intensity of experimental sample CP68 immunoblotting to the intensity of KF immunoblotting from the same blot was the most reproducible for CP68 (similar results were seen with other normalizations); therefore, we report the CP68/KF ratio as an index of S68-PLM phosphorylation (fig. 3b, d). We found that the C2 blots were most reproducible when the intensity of sample C2 immunoblotting was normalized to the intensity of the C2 immunoblotting from the unstimulated control swine carotid artery tissue from the same blot; therefore, we report the C2/control ratio as an index of unphosphorylated PLM (fig. 3a, c).
Fig. 3. Biochemical events occurring in forskolin relaxed swine carotid artery activated by histamine (a–c) or high [K+] o depolarization (d–f). Immunoblot intensity was normalized as described in 'Material and Methods' and is presented as mean ± 1 SEM with n = 4–5. Tissues were activated with 10 μM histamine (□) or 40 mM [K+] o (○) and then relaxed by addition of various [forskolin] as described on the abscissa. Unstimulated control tissues are shown as ■ or ●. Unphosphorylated PLM was estimated as the C2 signal (a, d), putative S68 PLM phosphorylation was estimated as the CP68 signal (b, e) and force as percent of a prior 109 mM [K+] o contraction (c, f). Some error bars are obscured by the symbols.
The significance of the correlation between the intensity of CP68 immunoblotting and contractile force shown in figure 4 was tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The analysis showed no significant difference among the slopes for different experimental conditions, so the final model allowed intercepts but not slopes to vary. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.
Fig. 4. Dependence of contractile force on the CP68 signal (putative S68 PLM phosphorylation). Data are replotted from figure 3. ■ = Histamine-stimulated tissues; ○ = high [K+] o.
As detailed in the methods, two antibodies were made to C-terminal PLM peptides. To evaluate the specificity of these antibodies, purified recombinant PLM [29] (shown to be dephosphorylated by mass spectrometry) was phosphorylated with the catalytic subunit of PKA in the presence of =γ-32P-ATP. Different amounts of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated PLM (exposed to =γ-32P-ATP without PKA) were loaded on SDS gels, blotted, analyzed for 32P activity and immunoblotted with both antibodies. Increasing 32P activity was observed with an increasing amount of PKA-treated PLM (fig. 1, top panel). Calculated stoichiometry revealed that approximately 50% of PLM was phosphorylated by PKA treatment (a time course suggested we had reached steady-state phosphorylation). Dephosphorylated PLM was not detected by the CP68 antibody (fig. 1, second panel). The intensity of the CP68 antibody signal was proportional to the amount of PKA-treated PLM loaded on the immunoblot (fig. 1, third panel). The intensity of the C2 antibody signal was proportional to the amount of dephosphorylated PLM loaded on the immunoblot (fig. 1, fourth panel). The intensity of the C2 antibody signal was less intense on immunoblots loaded with PKA-treated PLM (fig. 1, bottom panel) compared with that observed with dephosphorylated PLM.
Fig. 1. Specificity of the anti-PLM antibodies. Purified recombinant PLM was either phosphorylated with or without PKA in the presence of =γ-32P-ATP and then run on SDS gel electrophoresis. The top panel shows an autoradiogram of PLM treated with PKA (there was no 32P activity in PLM exposed to =γ-32P-ATP without PKA). The second panel shows an immunoblot of untreated PLM with the CP68 antibody. The third panel shows an immunoblot of PLM treated with PKA with the CP68 antibody. The fourth panel shows an immunoblot of untreated PLM with the C2 antibody. The fifth panel shows an immunoblot of PLM treated with PKA with the C2 antibody.
Swine carotid medial smooth muscle rings were first equilibrated and then contracted with 10 μM histamine or 40 mM [K+] o for 10 min. Some were then relaxed with 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 or 10 μM forskolin, and others were left in the contraction solution. After an additional 30 min, tissues were frozen and homogenized. Proteins were separated on SDS gels and the intensity of immunoreactivity to the two PLM antibodies determined on immunoblots. As detailed in 'Material and Methods', the intensity of both the C2 and CP68 antibodies were normalized to internal standards. For clarity, the term 'C2 signal' will refer to the intensity of the C2 antibody immunoreactivity normalized to the intensity of the C2 antibody immunoreactivity from the untreated control tissue homogenate loaded on the same blot. Similarly, the term 'CP68 signal' will refer to the intensity of the CP68 antibody immunoreactivity normalized to the intensity of the CP68 antibody immunoreactivity from the KF pooled homogenate loaded on the same blot. This normalization procedure allows comparison of changes in the C2 and CP68 antibody intensity on different immunoblots. Figure 2 shows a representative immunoblot of tissues stimulated with histamine, and figure 3 shows aggregate data. PLM was present in swine arterial smooth muscle, and its phosphorylation status depended on the treatment.
Fig. 2. Changes in the CP68 (top panel) and C2 (bottom panel) PLM signals in swine carotid artery tissue homogenates. Lane 1 is the heart sarcolemmal PLM standard that is detected by all antibodies. Lane 2 is from unstimulated swine carotid tissues, i.e. the control (which is used to normalize the C2 signals in figure 3 as detailed in 'Material and Methods'). Lane 3 is from 10 μM histamine-stimulated tissues. Lanes 4–7 are from tissues first stimulated with 10 μM histamine followed by addition of 0.3, 1, 3 or 10 μM forskolin to induce relaxation. Lanes 8 and 9 are the K and KF standards (Std) (see 'Material and Methods').
Unstimulated (control) tissues had low levels of CP68 signal and force (fig. 2, lane 2; fig. 3, filled symbols). Histamine (10 μM) induced a large decrease in the C2 signal, a small increase in the CP68 signal and a maximal contraction (fig. 2, lane 3; fig. 3, open squares). Adding forskolin to histamine-stimulated tissues was associated with no change in the C2 signal, dose-dependent increases in the CP68 signal (fig. 2, lanes 4–7) and dose-dependent reduction in force (fig. 3).
Forty millimoles [K+] o depolarization induced a maximal contraction without significant changes in the C2 or CP68 signal (fig. 3, open circles). Adding forskolin to high [K+] o-depolarized tissues was associated with a reduced C2 signal, dose-dependent increases in the CP68 signal and dose-dependent reduction in force. When relaxed with forskolin, the histamine-stimulated tissues exhibited a greater CP68 signal and lower force than that observed in the 40 mM [K+] o-depolarized tissues.
The relation between the CP68/KF ratio and active force is shown in figure 4. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the CP68 signal and force (r2 = 0.5; p < 0.0001, ANCOVA). There was no significant difference in the slopes or intercept of the regression lines for tissues stimulated with histamine or high [K+] o, suggesting a simple inverse relation between the degree of forskolin-induced relaxation and the degree of S68 PLM phosphorylation.
We evaluated whether agents that increase [cGMP] also induce PLM phosphorylation. Histamine (10 μM) induced a small increase in the CP68 signal and a maximal contraction. Addition of 100 μM nitroglycerin (to increase [cGMP]) induced a relaxation without changing the CP68 signal from the values observed with histamine alone. Addition of 1 μM forskolin (to increase [cAMP]) further increased the CP68 signal.
If S68 PLM phosphorylation were to cause relaxation by increasing the activity of the Na,K-ATPase, then forskolin should reduce [Na+] i. [Na+] i is difficult to measure in intact smooth muscle, but can be inferred by the response to removal of extracellular [Na+] ([Na+] o) [31, 32]. If L-type Ca2+ channels are blocked, contraction induced by removal of [Na+] o should result from the increase in [Ca2+] i that occurs from Ca2+ influx through reversal of the Na-Ca exchanger. If forskolin were to reduce [Na+] i, then there would be less Na+ for the Na-Ca exchanger, less increase in [Ca2+] i and less contraction. We evaluated the effect of forskolin pretreatment on swine carotid artery contraction induced by a zero Na+ saline in the presence of 10 μM diltiazem (fig. 6). Pretreatment with 1 μM forskolin for 15 min significantly reduced the zero Na+ contraction compared with a control that was not treated with forskolin.
Fig. 6. Forskolin-dependent contractile response to removal of extracellular [Na+]. Four sets of tissues were incubated in 10 μM diltiazem for 15 min prior to removal of [Na+] o by changing to a Na+-free PSS which had choline+ substituted for Na+. Forskolin (1 μM) was either not added (control), added 1 min prior to removal of [Na+] o or added 15 min prior to removal of [Na+] o. The resulting peak contraction is shown as mean ± 1 SEM and analyzed by an ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls testing with * indicating a significant difference compared with no forskolin. Forskolin pretreatment for 15 min significantly reduced the zero Na+ contraction.
We found PLM immunoreactivity in smooth muscle (fig. 2). These data suggest that the 16/17-kDa phosphoprotein identified in smooth muscle plasma membrane preparations [12,13,14] was likely PLM. We found that the CP68 PLM signal correlated with cAMP-, but not cGMP-mediated relaxation (fig. 3, 5). These data suggest a potential role for S68 PLM phosphorylation in cAMP-, but not cGMP-mediated relaxation. The CP68 PLM signal was increased by histamine stimulation but not high [K+] o depolarization (fig. 3), suggesting that histamine stimulation, but not high [K+] o depolarization, also increases S68 PLM phosphorylation, either via histamine-induced activation of PKC or PKA. Pretreatment with 1 μM forskolin for 15 min significantly reduced swine carotid contraction induced by zero [Na+] o (fig. 6). This result is consistent with the hypothesis that forskolin reduced [Na+] i.
Fig. 5. Biochemical events occurring with forskolin (FSK) or nitroglycerin (NTG) induced swine carotid artery relaxation. Immuoblot intensity was normalized as described in 'Material and Methods' and is presented as mean ± 1 SEM with n = 4–5. Tissues were unstimulated (control), contracted with 10 μM histamine for 60 min, contracted with 10 μM histamine for 10 min and relaxed by addition of 100 μM nitroglycerin for 50 min, or contracted with 10 μM histamine for 10 min and relaxed by addition of 1 μM forskolin for 50 min. Putative S68 PLM phosphorylation was estimated as the CP68 signal (a) and force as percent of a prior 109 mM [K+] o contraction (b).
Our results suggest that the CP68 antibody detectsS68 PLM phosphorylation. PKA treatment of recombinant PLM increased the CP68 signal (fig. 1). Since dephosphorylated PLM did not produce a CP68 signal, we suggest that the CP68 antibody is specific to phosphorylated PLM. However, we cannot state that the CP68 antibody is absolutely specific to S68 because we could not make PLM that was only phosphorylated on S63 (there is no kinase that specifically phosphorylates PLM on S63).
The specificity of the C2 antibody could not be clearly delineated either, since PKA treatment induced only approximately 50% phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the C2 signal decreased by approximately 50% with PKA treatment, suggesting that the C2 antibody is at least partially specific to dephosphorylated PLM over phosphorylated PLM. Similar results were seen in intact swine carotid: forskolin treatment increased the CP68 signal and decreased the C2 signal (fig. 2). We found it important to use large dilutions (1:10,000) of the C2 antibody to detect the fall in the C2 signal when PLM was phosphorylated. These results confirm and extend those of Silverman et al. [33] who evaluated the C2 and CP68 immunoreactivity in forskolin and phorbol ester-treated rat cardiac myocytes. Both studies agree that PKA activation leads to an increase in the CP68 signal and a decrease in the C2 signal.
Histamine alone induced a large decrease in the C2 signal with only a small increase in the CP68 signal (fig. 3). This suggests that histamine alone may have caused phosphorylation of PLM on sites other than S68. These sites may include S63 phosphorylated by PKC [2, 3] or other sites phosphorylated by other kinases. Supporting this contention was the finding that addition of forskolin to histamine increased in the CP68 signal without further decreases in the C2 signal. Perhaps forskolin-induced S68 PLM phosphorylation (detected by CP68) on PLM already phosphorylated at other sites (possiblyS63) so that there was no change in the C2 signal. The results with high K+-depolarized tissues support this contention; there was no change in the C2 signal with high K+ alone, consistent with a lack of PKC activation with high K+. After high K+ activation, forksolin decreased the C2 signal and increased the CP68 signal, consistent with the C2 antibody detecting the decline in unphosphorylated PLM and CP68 detecting the S68 phosphorylation. These data suggest that forskolin can induce S68 PLM phosphorylation regardless of PLM phosphorylation at other sites.
Physiology of PLM Phosphorylation in Smooth Muscle
Addition of forskolin to high [K+] o increased S68 PLM phosphorylation, but at any given [forskolin], there was less S68 PLM phosphorylation and less relaxation in tissues depolarized with high [K+] o than in tissues stimulated with histamine (fig. 3). This may be related to the increase in S68 PLM phosphorylation induced by histamine alone. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between S68 PLM phosphorylation and force (fig. 4). This suggests that S68 PLM phosphorylation could be involved in cAMP-dependent relaxation. However, such a correlation does not definitively establish PLM as a determinant of the resulting relaxation. Further experiments are planned to evaluate whether S68 PLM phosphorylation is a regulator of smooth muscle force.
We also evaluated whether cGMP-mediated relaxation involves S68 PLM phosphorylation. Many substrates for PKA are also substrates for protein kinase G. We find that nitroglycerin-induced relaxation was not associated with changes in S68 PLM phosphorylation (fig. 5). This suggests that PLM can only be involved in cAMP-mediated relaxation.
There is a physical and functional association of PLM with membrane ion transporters such as the Na,K-ATPase [6, 7] and the Na-Ca exchanger (NCX1) [8, 9]. Based on our data and these studies, we hypothesize that PLM may be involved in smooth muscle regulation via regulation of Na,K-ATPase. β2-Adrenergic stimuli, presumptively via increasing [cAMP], increased Na,K-ATPase activity in smooth muscle [34]. Fay and Moore [35] found that β2-adrenergic stimuli in smooth muscle reduced [Na+] i, suggesting an increase in Na,K-ATPase activity. However, Borin [36] found that cAMP increased [Na+] i in isolated smooth muscle cells. Na,K-ATPase knockout mice have been made, but are lethal, with death occurring just after birth. Neonatal aortae from α2-Na,K-ATPase –/– mice were less sensitive to forskolin-induced relaxation when compared with α2-Na,K-ATPase +/+ mice [37]. We also find that forskolin inhibited the swine carotid contraction induced by removal of [Na+] o (fig. 6), suggesting that forskolin reduced [Na+] i, possibly by stimulation of Na,K-ATPase activity. It must be noted that zero [Na+] o studies are only suggesting that [Na+] i is reduced. We plan to study more direct measures of Na,K-ATPase activity in the future. Nevertheless, these data support the hypothesis that cAMP-mediated relaxation at least partially involves Na,K-ATPase, likely by increasing its activity.
Specifically, we hypothesize that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of PLM on S68 increases the activity of Na,K-ATPase. Since Na,K-ATPase moves 3 Na+ outward and 2 K+ inward for every ATP consumed, it will produce a small hyperpolarization from the excess outward Na+ flux [for a review, see ref. [38]. This hyperpolarization reduces Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels, and is one method whereby increases in Na,K-ATPase activity could reduce [Ca2+] i and cause smooth muscle relaxation. A second mechanism is that increases in Na,K-ATPase activity, via decreases in [Na+] i, could also increase Ca2+ extrusion via forward Na-Ca exchange. This would also reduce [Ca2+] i and cause smooth muscle relaxation; however, it would be associated with increased Ca2+ efflux rather than the decrease in Ca2+ influx expected with hyperpolarization. We found that forskolin induced a hyperpolarization in rat tail artery [23] and a decrease in Mn2+ influx in swine carotid artery [39], suggesting that hyperpolarization may be the dominant mechanism in some smooth muscles.
PLM has a role in the regulation of cardiac contractility by [Ca2+] as well. In cultured rat heart myocytes, the myocytes near an area of infarction have an abnormally blunted contractile response to extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+] o) [40]. Overexpression of PLM produces myocytes with a blunted [Ca2+] o response similar to those observed after myocardial infarction [28]. Intriguingly, PLM is one of a few genes whose expression level rises after myocardial infarction [41], suggesting that PLM could be the mediator of the blunted [Ca2+] o response. If NCX1, the cardiac Na-Ca exchanger, is over expressed in peri-infarction myocytes, a normal [Ca2+] o response is observed [42]. A unifying explanation would be that PLM inhibits NCX1. Supporting this were findings that PLM overexpression reduced currents through NCX1 and slowed the decline in [Ca2+] i after the release of sarcoplasmic reticulum stores with caffeine [28]. Co-overexpression of NCX1 with PLM restored the currents and Ca2+ dynamics to normal [8]. Moreover, reduction of PLM expression using anti-sense oligonucleotides increased NCX1 currents and sped the decline in [Ca2+] i after caffeine [9]. Most recently, Ahlers et al. [43] found a physical and functional interaction between PLM and NCX1 co-expressed in HEK293 cells. The importance of S68, the site of PKA phosphorylation, was underscored by the finding that a phosphodeficient PLM mutant S68A lost the ability to inhibit Na-Ca exchange despite persistent physical association.
These data demonstrate that PLM is functional and present in smooth muscle and is phosphorylated by physiologic stimuli. We propose that S68 PLM phosphorylation may have a role in cAMP-, but not cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation, possibly by activation of the Na,K-ATPase activity. The data also demonstrate relative specificity for the C2 and CP68 PLM antibodies for dephosphorylated and S68 phosphorylated PLM, respectively.
Smithfield Co., Smithfield, Va., USA, donated the swine carotid arteries, and Tom Lincoln, PhD, (University of Alabama) donated the PKA. Grants from the NIH – HL071191 (to C.R.), HL070548 (to R.M), CA082864 (to F.M.) and HL058672 (to J.C) – and the American Heart Association (Mid-Atlantic and Pennsylvania Affiliates) supported this research. We thank D.E. Lake for the help with the statistical analysis.
Christopher M. Rembold, MD
Cardiovascular Division, Box 801395
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, VA 22908-1395 (USA)
Tel. +1 434 924 2825, Fax +1 434 982 3162, E-Mail email@example.com
Received: January 5, 2005
Accepted after revision: June 26, 2005
Published online: September 6, 2005
Number of Print Pages : 9
Number of Figures : 6, Number of Tables : 0, Number of References : 43
Journal of Vascular Research (Incorporating 'International Journal of Microcirculation')
Vol. 42, No. 6, Year 2005 (Cover Date: November-December 2005)
Journal Editor: Pohl, U. (Munich)
ISSN: 1018–1172 (print), 1423–0135 (Online)
For additional information: http://www.karger.com/jvr


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subset: commoncrawl


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- Black, William Donald '64
- Boling, Lisanne, '03
- Braaten, Olivia Fessler '05
- Byle, Ann '84
- Carter Robert '06
- Clothier, David '88
- Courtright, Kathy '81
- Davidson, Tracy Stone '96
- Delaney, Jane '84
- Diamond, Bethany '12
- Edwards, Michelle '01
- Goad, Michael '86
- Griffin, Shunyale, '06
- Groen, Aaron '04
- Haynes, Walker '96
- Hoffman, Dawn '89
- Jepson, Maye Hayes '71
- Jones, Allison, '09
- Jun, Sun Jin, '12
- Kitchen, Klon '99
- Lonas, Rachel '06
- Magnuson, Nathan '05
- Mitchell, Jaret '00
- Odor, Micah '01
- Priest, Charles '92
- Rawley, Kathryn, '08
- Rivera, Emily '09
- Roden, Bob, '11
- Schottleutner, Jennifer Parks '05
- Scruggs, Adina, '91
- Siskey, Ashley '00
- Smith, Jeremy '97
- Stultz, Kelly (Luther)
- Torbett, Rick '79
- Traylor, Karin '64
- Vernon, Carol Davis '84
- Wilkins, Beth Eppinger '03
- Welsh, Millie '87
Klon Kitchen '99
|Biblical Studies
|Favorite Course
|Christian Theology with Dr. Gary Phillips
|Favorite Professor
|Dr. Raymond "The Captain" Legg
Klon and Tracy returned to campus on 09.09.11, and Klon spoke on "Remembering 9/11" in Chapel »
Listen to Podcast »
A year after graduating from Bryan College, Klon Kitchen decided he wanted to be an FBI agent. Klon had been a Biblical Studies major who married his Bryan sweetheart, Tracy Schultz. They got married a month after graduation and moved to Columbus, Ga., where Klon began teaching at Calvary Christian High School. He stayed busy writing and teaching the Bible curriculum, coaching the volleyball team, and was even nominated for Georgia's teacher of the year.
As the 2000 presidential election drew near, Klon began evaluating which issues were most important to him, and he developed an interest in national security. "As a Biblical Studies major, I was especially interested in terrorism because of the religious component," Klon explained. "At Bryan, I was trained to think well and I thought becoming an FBI agent would be a good way to transition my Bryan degree into a career."
To make this dream come true, Klon and Tracy sold most of their belongings and moved to Washington, D.C., so Klon could begin working on a Master's degree. "Neither of us had jobs. Eventually we both started waiting tables at a restaurant in Alexandria," Klon said. But before Klon could begin his graduate program, he met a man on the campus of George Washington University who offered him a job. "It was an entry level position as an analyst/editor for Military Periscope," Klon explained. Military Periscope describes itself as the "defense industry's premier online database for accurate open-source global defense information" which offers "timely in-depth coverage of orders of battle, equipment inventories, plans and programs for more than 165 nations."
Klon with his wife and Bryan Sweetheart, Tracy
He was recruited shortly after 9/11 to join a new taskforce within the Department of Defense, eventually becoming the lead for Al-Qaeda senior leadership. In this capacity he traveled extensively through Central Asia and Afghanistan to support counterterrorism efforts. "I was trained to be a subject matter expert," Klon explained. His role was to bridge the gap between the analytic and operational sides of national defense. He and a small group were trained to be "operationally relevant" and were frequently sent to assist in special operations.
Meanwhile, back in DC, Tracy was working as an event planner for a top catering firm in the city. In February 2005, the Kitchens welcomed their first daughter, Ava, and decided it was time to settle down. Klon left the Department of Defense and spent the next two years in the office of the Director of National Intelligence, providing programmatic oversight to the nation's counterproliferation and special intelligence programs. From there he joined the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC). The NCTC was created by law in 2004 and "implements a key recommendation of the 9/11 Commission: "Breaking the older mold of national government organizations, this NCTC should be a center for joint operational planning and joint intelligence, staffed by personnel from the various agencies."
In 2007, Klon recruited and led a team called the Extremist Messages & Influence Group. "I worked with some really brilliant people and our role was to create government strategies for the so called, 'war of ideas.' We looked beyond national defense and examined economic, political, and religious issues. We wanted to help the government think well," Klon explained. His position required him to work intimately with the White House, including regular visits and offering strategic communications advice and research, including working on speeches as recent as President Obama's April address in Turkey and June address in Cairo.
Klon's career, although very different from what he originally planned, frequently feels "surreal," like the first time he was escorted into the Situation Room. "The Lord sometimes just raises people up even when, like me, we feel completely insufficient," Klon said.
Klon with his three beautiful children: Ava, Ethan, Olivia
Along with helping the United States confront the global challenge of terrorism, Klon faithfully attends Capitol Baptist Church where he and his family have been members for the past seven years. He leads a married couples Bible Study and is a regular Sunday school teacher. Klon and Tracy also have two more children: Ethan, 2, and Olivia, nine months. In June 2009, Klon became an International Counter-terrorism Fellow at the National Defense University where he will remain for the next year.
Looking back over the decade since he graduated, Klon said he feels the most important thing Bryan did for him was to teach him to think about "how everything is saturated by a Biblical worldview. Bryan taught me how to think logically, rationally, and Biblically. My Biblical perspective gives me the framework to understand rightness and wrongness, which also ensures an eternal perspective. I work diligently but not without hope because, ultimately, I serve a Sovereign God."
Advice for New Graduates from Klon
- Actively seek out other people in the career field you may be interested in.
- Assess where your skills and experiences match up and be able to articulate where you fit.
- "In my first job interview with Periscope I was asked, 'You're a Bible major; how do you fit?" and my answer to that got me the job. Be honest in your evaluation of where you might fit within an organization, identify gaps, and look for creative opportunities to fill those gaps."
- Read books. Educate yourself to be a well-rounded person. You never know when something you read about might come in handy in a conversation or while waiting at the airport or in a business meeting.
- Wherever you are, be all there (Jim Elliot)
- Resist the temptation to fret "Don't sit around waiting for a divine voicemail from God. My prayer is always that God will give me the wisdom to make good decisions in accordance with His will
- Eventually it's time to stop preparing and ACT. "It's important to act and take those steps of faith."


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As soon as the mammoth "The Lasting Dose" kicks in, this Album by Crowbar, "Sonic Excess In It's Purest Form", will leave you wanting to listen to it again and again. This Album, i think, is up there easily with their debut "Crowbar", "Equilibrium" and also their latest release "Lifesblood For The Downtrodden". This CD is one of their heaviest, yet still melodic, Albums to date. With extremely strong vocals by Kirk Windstein, Crowbar follow up from "Equilibrium" with a devastating display of power.
Like some other Crowbar Albums, there is an acoustic/instrumental song by the name of "In Times of Sorrow" on this CD. With the rest of the Album being extremely heavy and brutal, this adds a break inbetween the powerful riffage and it sounds very well done. "Failure To Delay Gratification" is almost a throwback to the old days of Crowbar, when they almost made Hardcore music but fused it with sludgey riffs that just have defined what Crowbar is about. This song is probably the fastest sounding song on this Album (At least at the start of the song), but slows down after about a minute, and delves into a slow riff that carries on pretty much until the end of the song and leads into "Empty Room", the dramatic almost epic and massive-sounding finisher, perfectly.
"Awakening" is almost in the same vein as "Failure To Delay Gratification", starting off pretty fast then slowing down into Crowbar's trademark extremely-heavy sludgey-riffing. I think "Counting Daze", "To Build A Mountain" and "The Lasting Dose" showcase Crowbar's sound perfectly. Those 3 songs are probably the heaviest on this Album, but the whole Album as a whole is one heavy beast.
My favourite songs would be "The Lasting Dose", "To Build A Mountain", "Thru The Ashes (I've Watched You Burn)", "Repulsion In It's Splendid Beauty", "Counting Daze", "In Times of Sorrow", "Failure To Delay Gratification" and "Empty Room". I think "It Pours From Me" and "Suffering Brings Wisdom" are extremely good too, and add alot to the overall tremendous heaviness to this Album.
If you like Crowbar, but haven't yet picked this up for whatever reason..Don't miss out on this Album. This Album is one of their most heaviest, melodic, mature and intense Albums to date. You just can't be disappointed in it. To new fans of Crowbar, i seriously suggest you try this first. I think this Album is a great way to get into this talented band, and you'll be hooked from then on. This Album is definitely 5/5.


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Kathleen R. Curtin, PhD
Assistant Professor
Dr. Curtin teaches "Writing About Literature," "The Renaissance," "Ancient World Literature," "Linguistics" and "Composition," Her area of specialization is Medieval and Renaissance Literature. She is a professor of pre-1800 literature in Concordia's English department. Her areas of focus are the early modern and medieval periods, with special interests in autobiography, the interpretation of the Bible in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the religious changes and conflicts of the Reformation. She joined CUC in 2013. Degrees: PhD, English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2013 MA, English, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008 BA, English, University of South Carolina, 2006 Academic and Professional Highlights Awards: In 2011, she was awarded a Charlotte Newcombe Fellowship, a year-long, nationally competitive award that recognizes research with significance for the study of religion and ethics. Her
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The Washington Times-Herald
2:19 p.m - A female caller reported three suspicious males were at a shed by 814 Jefferson Street. They were not found when officers arrived.
8:56 a.m. - A caller reported a breaking-and-entering of a home and a car at 102 Larue Court.
6:42 a.m. - Teresa James, 1615 North St., said two tires on her vehicle were slashed. A report was made.
12:21 a.m. - A employee of Daviess Community Hospital, 1314 E. Walnut St., said a female left the Intensive Care Unit against medical advice. The female was found at another facility.
7:02 p.m. - An employee of Fast Max, 1202 E. Nat'l Hwy., reported a drive-off worth $46.80 in gas by a blue Chevrolet HHR.
11 p.m. - A female caller reported a possible break-in at a garage on 325E 100S. Deputies found no forced entry and nothing was found missing. Extra patrol was granted.
1:45 p.m. - A caller reported a gold Ford vehicle off in a field on I-69 near the 53.5 mile marker. A potential owner of the vehicle was contacted.
9:54 a.m. - A caller reported medication stolen at 5432S 1200E. Additional information was obtained.
Nathan Burris, 25, Washington, was arrested by Daviess County Sheriff's deputies Wednesday on a warrant for assisting a criminal and theft. He was released from the Daviess County Security Center on $2,500 bond.
Kristie Fox, 39, Washington, was arrested by city police Wednesday on a warrant for conspiracy to commit forgery. She was being held on $7,500 bond.
Jason Moffitt, 40, Shoals, was arrested by sheriff's deputies Wednesday on a Lawrence County warrant for theft. He was being held without bond.
Agustin Santos, 49, Washington, was arrested by city police Wednesday on a petition to revoke a suspended sentence for operating a vehicle with an BAC of .15 or higher. He was released on $4,000 bond.
Jonathan Sturgeon, 25, Washington, was arrested by city police Wednesday on warrant for forgery and conspiracy to commit forgery. He was released on $7,500 bond.
Daniel Waller, 57, Washington, was arrested by city police Wednesday on a writ of attachment. He was released on $200 bond.
Total Jail Population: 149


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Product Details:
Manufacturer: Diamond Sofa
Mfg Part#: ZENBEDEKINGW
Sku: 219769891
Package Weight: 173 lbs
See more in Beds
|DSF1069: Includes: -Platform included - no box spring needed. Options: -Upholstered in bonded leather. Construction: -Foot construction: Hardwood. Collection: -Zen collection. Warranty: -1 Year warranty for leather, springs, cushion cores and filling material.-Lifetime warranty for frame.


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Car damages KFC
BEDFORD — A car plowed into the front of a KFC restaurant in Bedford Saturday night.
Almost all of the silver sedan ended up in the seating area of the fast food outlet on Harwood Road just east of Martin Drive.
We were told that no one was injured. The reason for the crash is under investigation.


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The magnolia trees at the Court street bridge in Owego, are in full bloom and more than spectacular. While trying to capture shots of the flowers this crow willingly became a model for me. At one point the crow stretched up and snagged a snack. I'm not sure if it ate a bug on the flower or enjoyed the certainly sweet blossom it's self. No doubt it is a beautiful place to just hang out and take it all in.
Naturally scented hang out
By: observingnatureSubscribe Channel: Pets & Animals Location: Owego New York
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News Archive: November 2004
| Site
Site Search
Mbanna Kantako
11/28/04 - Revelation = Cyclical History [link to this story]
"Heyheyheyhey. Did you hear about the FCC wacking on a TV show with $1mil fine based on complaints from what basically boiled down to three people? It was all over the news like wildfire. I read about it in the New York Times. Freedom of speech is under attack, why aren't you all over this?"
Ah, the tyranny of the few? It isn't all that new:
That's George Carlin, speaking in reference to his tumult with the FCC and Supreme Court over "Filthy Words." That particular fracas began 31 years ago and took five years to play out. As it did, disco flourished, so it's not like indecency was on the run. WBAI and Pacifica weren't even fined.
It would be interesting to know how much advertising dough Married by America cleared for FOX, and how much of a bite $1.2 million takes out of that. As for George? Well, he's now a triple Grammy-winner and franchise on legs, selling a T-shirt and poster with a list of more than 2,000 "filthy words and phrases" printed on them.
Finally: this latest hype actually came as a surprise to Brent Bozell at the Parents Television Council, "[which], on its own, filed 4,073 complaints. He wants the way the FCC tallies these things changed."
The moral of this story is: we've got bigger problems now. Jello Biafra thought the same thing 23 years ago. Even my cynicism's not original.
11/23/04 - Religious Broadcast Executive: Good Work If You Can Get It [link to this story]
Someone who calls themselves "a former employee" of the Educational Media Foundation (corporate parent of the K-LOVE and AIR-1 radio networks) sent along some interesting information about the salaries of the heads of various religious broadcasting institutions.
The original message lamented the fact that EMF Broadcasting's president, Dick Jenkins, pulls down somewhere between $250-280,000 per year, apparently the highest in his peer group. Other chief executive numbers offered for comparison (can't vouch for their accuracy, they were reportedly pulled from charitynavigator.org):
Most religious broadcasters run at least two pledge drives per year, where listeners are urged to "get off their apathy" and support the Lord's work via radio. I admit the salaries of their executives pale in comparison to their secular conglomerate counterparts, but vows of poverty are apparently not in vogue.
11/12/04 - Scene Report: Colorado [link to this story]
Been tardy about this one: KCTSradio in Denver is now online and streaming; its on-air status, I think, is best described as "dormant." According to some recent press, its founder, Carl Nimbus, is "all about determination...They bust you fast to discourage you, but we're not going to get discouraged. We're going to keep coming back on the air."
In Boulder, Monk says "it's time to grow the station again." This time, they're soliciting applications from everywhere: "if they're tech savvy enough, they can be anywhere in the world. All they need is to be able to stream at 64kb have some music, a mic and an attitude." This is similar to a "public access pirate radio" concept explored a few years back, except live.
11/10/04 - New Jersey Moves to Criminalize Pirate Radio [link to this story]
First it was Florida...now the New Jersey Broadcasters' Association is pushing a bill through the state legislature that would make unlicensed broadcasting in the state a fourth-degree felony. Whereas conviction in Florida could cost you $5k and/or five years behind bars, New Jersey's proposed law hits pirates for $10,000 and up to 18 months in jail.
In the state Senate, the bill's sitting in the Law, Public Safety, and Veteran's Affairs Committee [Sponsor: Peter Inverso (R)]; the Assembly's copy is awaiting a vote on the floor, having unanimously cleared the Telecommunications and Utilities Committee [Sponsors: Linda Greenstein (D) and Upendra Chivukula (D)]. The resemblance between Florida's new law and New Jersey's proposed law is pretty clear.
This is obviously a new tactic the broadcast industry's going to expand upon in the future. How to counter it? And what kind of legal can of worms does this open up if the FCC lets this law slide, too?
11/6/04 - LPFM Roundup [link to this story]
There's been a change of leadership within the Amherst Alliance. Don Schellhardt has left the post of president after several years of hard but not futile work, for which he deserves a boatload of thanks. The new Amherst honcho is Stacie Trescott.
REC Networks is again on the ball with "a special message for listeners of K-Love and Air-1" about Educational Media Foundation's misguided anti-LPFM public comment crusade.
Finally, Mediageek's got some prognostications on the shape and form of the FCC under the second coming of Bush II. It's agreeably cynical.
11/4/04 - Radio Re/Volt: Quickie Summary [link to this story]
Paul @ Mediageek has the complete rundown, with pics and the appropriate links to everywhere relevant to our adventure in Minneapolis. As conferences go, it was on the fun side: way too many people you want to get to know, way too little time. Tetsuo was certainly awe-inspiring, but so was Kyle Drake, Free Radio Twin Cities, free103point9, the audience reception to Making Waves, and the hardy contingent of midwest pirates who converged on the scene to represent. I got to drink with none of them. But still, a good time. If we manage to get hold of the recordings made of the conference sessions they will get online somehow, at the very least through Radio MCAD, the gracious host of it all.


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For Sale: 98 Jerry Haas pro stock built for Craig Eaton
Can run in Top Sportsman
Ad #182167451 Posted:2014-03-26 10:43:01
This ad expired 76 days ago.
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Seller Phone Number2: (281) 839-1099
This item is USED
Trades NOT ACCEPTED
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Evaluating the Cal football quarterbacks from the spring game: Zach Maynard was solid, Allan Bridgford struggled, Zach Kline, Austin Hinder and Kyle Boehm all battle for the third spot.
National Signing Day is over for the California Golden Bears, and it looks as if Jeff Tedford and Cal football survived the worst of the Tosh Lupoi debacle.
On the latest Bear Territory Podcast, our newest Cal QB is interviewed over the phone for about 25 minutes. This is probably going to be the most comprehensive interview you get from Kline until the season starts, so hopefully you can enjoy it this weekend The podcast is two and a half hours long, so if you want to cut right to it, the interview starts around 16:30 and ends around 40:35.
Zach Kline & Darius Powe Under Armour Video Highlights
Gotta like the kid... "Quarterback Zach Kline of Danville, Calif., long pledged to Cal, continued to hear from other schools for months after making his commitment. The most persistent suitor? Michigan. Kline said he liked all the Michigan coaches but finally told them to stop wasting their time. "It gets annoying," Kline said. "But you find out it's a business, and these players generate a whole lot of money. You've got to look at it and remember each of these players is extremely valuable. We're all pieces in a big puzzle for them."
There's an All-Star game with plenty of Cal commits/recruits in a few hours (and CGB will have an open thread for that), but if you want to pass the time and have nothing to do at work, Zach Kline, Darius Powe are doing work on ESPNU from 1-4 PM PT.
Click the link above to watch it on ESPN3 starting at the top of the hour. Ok I lied, it apparently is only on ESPNU. Stupid ESPN3.
Other Cal targets at the game: OT Joey O'Connor, DT Eddie Goldman, ATH Davonte Neal. The game will be January 5th at 4:30 PM, and CGB will have an open thread for that contest.
Zach Kline, Cal football quarterback commit, was named an Elite 11 Quarterback on Friday. Kline joins Nate Longshore, Kevin Riley, Brock Mansion, Allan Bridgford and Austin Hinder as Jeff Tedford...
Let's take our first look at the list of prospects that the Califoria Golden Bears are targeting for the 2012 football class. Which big targets will Cal land this fall?
With all the recruiting servers now up-to-date and the majority of Cal offers out there, it's time to reveal our 2012 Cal football recruiting board! Click here for the current spreadsheet. I...
Eddie Goldman, Ellis McCarthy, Jordan Payton, Ifeadi Odenigbo are some of the top recruits that still have the California Golden Bears in the mix, and Cal recruiting ace Tosh Lupoi is a huge part...
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Mr. Dell Loy Hansen – B.S., Political Science, 1982
Gulp. Dell Loy Hansen admitted to swal¬lowing hard upon seeing one sizable line item in Real Salt Lake's books, which he scrutinized in detail before buying full ownership of the team in January. That entry obligated him to con¬tribute $7.5 million to a soccer-ori¬ented regional athletic complex that Salt Lake City is close to building at 1900 W. 2200 North. 'I wished it hadn't existed,' he said of the pledge, made by former Real Salt Lake owner Dave Checketts to secure public funding for the team's $110 million stadium in Sandy. But it did, and as far as Hansen was concerned, a deal is a deal. So he sat down with Salt Lake City Mayor Ralph Becker and confirmed he would fulfill the pledge when the city is ready to proceed on the soc-cer complex, whose development was held up for years by recently dis¬missed lawsuits. Hansen also reiterated his commitment to create a soccer acad¬emy where Utah's top teenage players could hone their skills and advance to higher levels of play, perhaps up to Real Salt Lake itself. In a small market such as Salt Lake City, developing home-grown talent is a financially responsible way to challenge the deep pockets of teams in New York and Los Angeles, Hansen figured. He viewed building the academy and up to 15 soccer fields as a means of accomplishing that goal. 'We were totally on the same page,' Hansen said of his meeting with Becker. 'It felt like a kumbaya moment.' City officials were ecstat¬ic that Hansen, a prominent downtown landowner, was fully behind the soccer project. 'We knew Mr. Hansen from his long engagement in the city, his development proj¬ects and community leader¬ship,' said Becker's spokes¬man, Art Raymond. 'We expect that same leadership to move RSL forward in ex¬citing ways. There are great opportunities for the city and RSL to participate in activities at the new complex.' This spring, the city plans to issue $15.3 million in bonds to begin construction of the complex, including one field with lights and seating for a couple of thousand spectators. Approved by voters in 2003, the bond issuance was held up for years by litigation filed by a group called the Jordan Riv¬er Restoration Project. But in mid-December, the Utah Su¬preme Court rejected the group's lawsuit, clearing the way for the project to proceed. Six weeks later, Hansen bought out Checketts and quickly put to rest any fears city officials might have had about RSL backing out. The lawsuits, in fact, put Hansen in a better position to fulfill his obligation, he said. They delayed the city's need for RSL's money long enough for Hansen to renegotiate the mortgage on Rio Tinto Stadium, freeing up cash for the complex and the academy. That was welcome news to Marco de Ruiter, technical di¬rector of Sparta United Soccer Club and a coach of boys ages 15 through 18 the players targeted by Real. 'We have some very good players in Utah.' he said. 'The biggest benefit [of the acade¬my] is that the best players from different clubs in the state will play together and they will have to improve to go to the next level. 'I'm very happy with the soccer complex, too. It will make soccer better in Utah,' de Ruiter added, contending the lighted championship field will help Utah attract large regional tournaments and their economic impact. Now that the mortgage adjustment on the stadium has stabilized Real Salt Lake's financial situation, the real estate developer in Hansen also is eager to begin upgrad¬ing the land around Rio Tinto Stadium. Sandy city officials had big hopes for turning that hodge¬podge of nondescript build¬ings and vacant lots into an economic-development plum. But just as the stadium opened in October 2008, the financial system (including Checketts' financial partner, Lehman Brothers) crashed. The Great Recession brought urban renewal to a halt. Almost five years later, Hansen and city officials have high hopes again. 'We've had some dialogue with Dell Loy. He's a developer by trade, so this is right up his alley. He has some great ideas,' said Nick Duerksen, Sandy's director of business and economic development. 'We've never given up on the vision of what can happen.' he added. 'Last year we rein¬vigorated discussion about the land around the stadium. Real has been front and center in those discussions.' That's right, Hansen said, citing a desire to expand team facilities for an interactive fan zone, add more parking and retail space, and maybe even build a four-star hotel. 'We've done some sketches.' he said, 'but we had to fix the [financial] drain in the [team] bathtub first.'


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So far, we've shared with you a golden treasury of cheesy late-80s/early-90s WWF promo photos and a two-part retrospective of WCW's worst possible 8x10s.No look at pro graps in the 1990s would be complete without Extreme Championship Wrestling, the hyper-violent, cursing-on-VHS, #3 promotion in wrestling's last boom period. ECW had a lot that positives that still hold up — under-the-radar international stars given a chance to shine, a constantly-replenishing roster that gave WWE and WCW most of its top young stars, Beulah McGillicutty's trashy glory — but some of it, mostly Blue Meanie's jean shorts, deserves to be lost in time.Please enjoy these EXTREME GLAMOURSHOTS~. They're even better if you realize that almost everyone in the gallery is somewhere on a show 15 years later, milking whatever they had going for them here. I don't think I ever knew that in ECW, Head was called "The Head" instead of just "Head." This is now my second favorite ECW MTV reference, right behind their pay-per-view event ECW: DEAD AT 21.I preferred his original name, "Guy You Knew In Middle School Who Smoked: The Wrestler."I like to think this wasn't taken after a match, he just showed up to the arena covered in blood. "Oh, we're taking photos? *strikes wrestler pose*"It's important to remember that ECW, as good as it was, was like 15% dick and balls jokes. Also, everyone looked like either a dick or some balls.Chris Candido: Several Surgeries NeededRoadkill is such a wonderful wrestler to discover. If you don't remember ECW or don't like wrestling, please be aware that once there was a big fat Amish guy who hated chickens and had "plucker" in his nickname because it sounded like "f**ker."Oh, and his tag team partner once proposed to a girl by putting a condom on her finger.This is easily the best photo in the gallery. If I find out you all don't like Tracy Smothers, somebody's gonna die.Good old Francine. A woman whose name perfectly matches her face.Extreme Official?™Come on, you guys trademarked "Extreme Official?" and now you're gonna go and ruin it by adding more exclamation points?Also, I love the ECW referee shirts. They're always changing. They're like Star Trek uniforms.I'll let you try to figure out how this guy went from "shrugging referee" to JUDGE.All the information you need to know about Jerry Lynn:1. He looks like Nickelback 2. In 2013 he is still a better wrestler than anybody in this gallery was in 1998All the information you need to know about Justin Credible:1. He looks like a penis 2. In 2013 he is exactly the same terrible wrestler he was in 1998Oh, and a third thing:3. once had an Uncle Kracker entrance themeThis 8×10 should've come with a companion photo of Bloodsport's Ray Jackson walking in and making "ouch" faces because he's thinking about what would happen to his balls if he tried this.WE KNOW WHO THAT IS, TAZZSandman has his face tattooed on the inside of his arm and wears a shirt featuring him doing the same pose he does in photos. This promo might be in 4-D, I don't think my eyes are evolved enough to see it properly.These days, Shane Douglas makes a living by trying to "sneak into" Raw crowds and get them to start "E-C-Dub" chants, never aware that the 8-year old in the John Cena shirt and his Mom have no idea who Shane Douglas is. Just buy a ticket and go as yourself, man. I'm a huge wrestling nerd, and if Shane Douglas passed me on the street I either wouldn't notice him, or would say "lol, was that Shane Douglas" to my friends and continue on with my life.Photo included as a courtesy to Best And Worst Of TNA Impact Wrestling columnist Danielle Matheson, aka the world's biggest/most adorable Spike Dudley fan.no, pleaseI was hoping she'd signed this, "KNOW WHERE I CAN GET ANY DRUGS, LOVE TAMMY."This becomes great if you pretend they're punching Francine in the boobs.The post The Best Of Extreme Championship Wrestling's Extremely 1990s Promo Photos appeared first on With Leather.
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Stanberry hosts Rock port next week, whil South Holt is at North Nodaway.
The company announced Tuesday that it is working with banks and law enforcement agencies to investigate reports of suspicious activity.
Troopers were out on I-29 every 20 miles over a two day period.
Officers responded to six missing children calls in seven days last week.
The fire broke out at the home on the 4800 block of Air Lawn Drive around 2:30 a.m. Tuesday.
A new video from the Islamist terror group ISIS has been released that reportedly shows the killing of American Steven Sotloff.
In St. Joseph, customers will pay an extra $1.20 a month starting in September.
Troopers say none of the victims in the three fatalities wore a seat belt.
The National Weather Service said a tornado was confirmed near Cedar Vale.
Authorities say, as of Tuesday morning, 15 of them had either turned themselves in or were caught on nearby roads.
A family of six escaped an early morning fire at their home on Ayrlawn Drive.
Police in Chillicothe are looking for a man wanted on three active warrants.
Power has been restored to nearly two-thousand homes in Savannah.
A fire station in Wathena suffered roof damage from Sunday night's storms.
The restaurant honored emergency personnel with free lunch.
More than 13,000 homes lost power through Northwest Missouri during Sunday night's storm.
High winds from Sunday night's storms cause damage in St. Joseph.
While some enjoyed the Labor Day holiday relaxing with friends and family others weren't as fortunate.
The Royals will resume their game with the Indians in Cleveland on Sept. 22 with a 4-2 deficit in the 10th.
As severe weather swept through St. Joseph Sunday night, police received reports of power outages and downed trees.
Food, fun and family were the big themes at the annual Labor Day weekend festival.
Crews put an absorbent material on the road to clean it up.
Police have arrested a man, after a bomb threat closed terminal B at The Kansas City International Airport Sunday night.
The 5 year old festival had their biggest year yet with over 33 acts performing over the last three days.
Renovation Church is experiencing the challenges and joys of building a new congregation.
The study was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
ABC Handguns teaches children as young as five gun safety.
A new church has made it's way to St. Joseph and to celebrate, they held a community block party.
Some in the area didn't need to go far to have fun.
Home care workers throughout Missouri are asking lawmakers for better pay.
Drivers across America are paying less for a gallon of gas this Labor Day weekend than they have in four years.
Students and staff at Mid-Buchanan High School in Faucett participated in a unique ALS Ice Bucket Challenge to remember the brother of a faculty member who died from the disease.
It's considered the last unofficial weekend of the summer and many plan on enjoying it by going on vacation.


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In 2005, WWE Diva Christy Hemme graced the pages of Playboy as the fifth WWE Diva to pose nude for the magazine. To celebrate the 20th anniversary of WWE Raw, we're bringing back the famous pictorial and interview, along with the many other WWE Divas who have posed through the years. Read Christy's interview and see the pics below or check out WWE's other Diva's Chyna and Torrie Wilson here.
At 24 Christy Hemme has played every kind of fantasy girl the male mind can conjure: cheerleader, music video dancer, Hooters waitress on — yes! — roller skates, pudding wrestler, giggling Juggy girl on The Man Show. And now, to complete the resume, Hemme steps into her Latest role as the WWE's newest RAW Diva, having beaten out nine other beauties in a grueling competition finally settled by the fans.
Hemme jumped into the contest in her usual way: high-octane. "I don't do things unless I go full-on," she says. For the Diva Dodgeball challenge, for instance, she overcame a sprained ankle to crush one competitor. For the cream pie fiesta, she zestily clapped one onto her bikinied tush and strutted around the ring as the audience went bonkers.
But Hemme is no diva. She's talkative and friendly and has a boisterous laugh. She's the type of girl who is close to her family and signs autographs for hours after wrestling matches because "it makes me happy when I make someone else happy." Today, as she lounges in the WWE's sleek New York City office, she's making the cubicle dwellers happy in a clingy black sweater, pinstriped pants and a checked newsboy cap. "Normally I'd be wearing jeans," she says, stretching out her five-foot-five frame, "But for the WWE we have to dress in business casual everywhere we go." Her trademark fiery red hair spills luxuriously down her back. "And yes. this hair is all real," she says with a laugh. "Guys come up behind me all the time and put their hands on it, and it's like – smack! — 'That's mine!'" On her right wrist is a tattoo of a little red heart, in honor of her late mom. "I love hearts, and my favorite color is red," she says, "In my bedroom I have all kinds of hearts everywhere."
Hemme is constantly in motion, leaping up to make a point, gesturing with her hands, unleashing that rowdy laugh. This is a woman who likes to have fun. "I've always had this energy," she says, "Always. I mean. I drove my parents crazy growing up. I have so much energy, I can't sleep much. I just wake up and think, Okay, I've got a lot of stuff to do." It's no surprise that this free- spirited California girl is adept at seemingly every sport in the Western world: snowboarding. Capoeira (a Brazilian martial art), skiing, dirt biking, wake- boarding. "Anything that's active and crazy," she says, "I can ride a horse, too."At the moment, she's in motion without a special someone. "I don't have a boyfriend," she says, "But I am a girlfriend kind of girl. I'm not a dater. I don't want to put my energy into meaningless dates with people I'm not going to be serious with." She smiles wistfully. "I'd like to meet somebody and give them all my love," she says, "But with what I'm doing right now, it's obviously difficult." Indeed, Hemme works 51 weeks a year. She travels every week from Los Angeles for three nights of wrestling matches in various parts of the country, then hustles over to her RAW gig, which is shown live on Spike TV every Monday night. Then it's back to the West Coast for a few errands, and the whole process starts anew.
Read the rest of the interview on Page 2


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Beach House Vacation Rental Duplex - SHELLBD & U in North Myrtle Beach
- bedrooms 4
- baths 2
- sleeps 14
- pool no
- hot tub no
- pets allowed no
- type House
- community Cherry Grove
rates (USD)
/ night
$ 720 - $ 1,870 / week
vacation rental description
****Call Elliott Beach Rentals for the best rate guaranteed, plus receive an additional $75 off when you speak with one of our professional vacation specialist. *****
"Direct Connect with Elliott Beach Rentals, Save Money and Get Better Service"
This well maintained 4BR, 2BA, lower level of a beach house duplex is located across the street from the beach in Cherry Grove and is great for families.
Amenities include spacious living and dining area, a full kitchen with a breakfast bar and a dishwasher, beautiful wood flooring throughout and a washer and dryer.
Outside you will discover a sundeck with a nice ocean view, an outside shower, front and rear porches and an outdoor grill area with gas grill.
The upper level of this well maintained beach house is great for families. Amenities include front and rear porches, outdoor grill area, spacious living and dining area, sundeck with a nice ocean view and an outside shower.
Additional Rental Information:
*Please refer to property name when making an inquiry or reservation. We rent to families and responsible adults only. No house parties. No Pets. No Smoking. Weeks only June thru August. Minimum Rental Age 25 years.
Note: Please note rental rates are subject to change and may increase or decrease depending on availability. Existing reservations with prepayment are excluded.
Reservations: Open 7 days a Week; 8:30AM to 9PM (Mon-Sat) and 8:30AM to 7:00PM (Sunday)
****Reservation must be for 7 nights to qualify for the $75 Call In Bonus. Not to be combined with any other discount offer.
vacation rental location
property availability
- dates with deals
- unavailable dates
Last modified on 12-11-2013 at 12:23 PM.
email owner view full calendar
Elliott Beach Rentals 888-669-7853 ext. 1
house rental amenities
Down: Central H/A, microwave, dishwasher, washer/dryer, 2CCTV, VCR, beautiful wood flooring, ground level entry, across the street from the beach.
Bedding: 1 King, 6 Double
Up: Central H/A, microwave, dishwasher, washer/dryer, 1CCTV, VCR, beautiful wood flooring. Across the street from the beach!
Bedding: 8 Double
activities and attractions in North Myrtle Beach South Carolina
Ripley's Aquarium, Believe It or Not Museum, Haunted Adventure and 4-D moving theater, ice cream shops, outlet malls, seafood restaurants, water sports, Miniature Golf, Indoor Miniature Golf, championship golf, Casino Boats, shopping, gourmet dining, concerts, live theatre, Dolphin Sighting Cruises, Fishing Charters, freshwater fishing, Family Kingdom amusement park, water parks, museum, fitness center, day spas, jet ski rentals, parasailing, windsurfing, kayaking, biking, shelling, surfing, swimming, Myrtle Beach Pelicans professional baseball team, Broadway at the Beach, Barefoot Landing, Tanger Outlet Centers, Alligator Adventure, Alabama Theatre, Dolly Parton's Pirates Voyage Fun, Feast and Adventure, Carolina Opry, House of Blues, Medieval Times Dinner & Tournament Show, Le Grande Cirque, Legends in Concert, Banana Boat Rides, Brookgreen Gardens, Huntington State Park, Wonder Works, Myrtle Beach Skywheel, Myrtle Beach Zip Line, Myrtle Beach Speedway Nascar Experience and much more!
vacation rental rates
Prices are set according to location of unit, unit condition, number of bedrooms, and amenities offered with unit. Rates are higher Easter, Memorial Day, July 4th, Labor Day, and special event weeks.
13% tax, $2.00 per night resort fee and a non refundable processing fee 5% of rental amount, $25 minimum. (Subject to change)
One half of the base rental amount is due within 7 business days after booking reservation. Final payment is due 30 days before arrival date. Payment may be made with personal check, cashiers check, money order or MC or VISA.
A valid MC or VISA must be on reservation or a $500 cash security deposit is added to the rental amount. Deposit will be refunded 4-6 weeks after your departure date.
Confirmed reservations are not transferable. Confirmed reservations may be cancelled by written notice. Upon confirmation, the unit is off the market to anyone else; therefore, the advance deposit will be refunded only if the unit is re-rented at the full rental amount. All refunds are subject to a $100.00 cancellation fee.
Departure Maid Service is available upon request for 1-5 bedroom properties. If Departure Maid Service is not ordered there will be an Inspection Fee added to each reservation made: 1 bedroom $10; 2 bedrooms $20; 3-4 bedrooms $25 and 5 bedrooms $30. Departure Maid Service is required on all 6 bedroom or larger properties and is automatically added to rental amount.
Linen packages are available at a fee or $35 + tax per bed.
Bringing a pet will result in eviction with no monies refunded.
Elliott Beach Rentals 888-669-7853 ext. 1
accepted payment methods
Prior to paying a reservation deposit, always verify payment instructions by calling the phone number displayed on this listing page. By contacting the owner directly and paying by an approved method - credit card, paypal, check or bank transfer - your reservation payment will be protected up to $1,000.Learn more in our Security Center
Top things to do in North Myrtle Beach
- House of Blues
- Golf
- Dining & Shopping
- Amusement Park - Summer months
- Night Life & Live Dinner Theatre
Top things to do on a budget
- Beach - shelling, swimming, surfing, sunbathing
- Flea Market
- Outlet Shopping
- Thrift Store
- Picnic in the park or on the beach
Top things to do with a family
- Amusement Park
- Ripley's Aquarium
- Miniature Golf
- Dolphin Sighting Cruises
- Water Parks
Elliott Beach Rentals , owner


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Girls in physics
Girls are under-represented in physics post-16 across the UK.
For more than 25 years, only around 20% of students progressing on to A-level physics have been girls, despite about equal success between the genders in GCSE physics and science.
The issue is one that the Institute has been seeking to understand and address for a number of years, both by supporting research and helping individual teachers of physics become aware of the issues and amend their classroom practice.
Research has shown that:
- Students' interest in science declines as they progress through school and the decline appears to become steeper after age 14, particularly for girls and particularly in physics.
- Girls, more than boys, experience a difference between their personal goals for learning and the learning objectives of the physics curriculum. As a consequence they are less inclined to opt for physics, even if they achieve high grades and enjoy the subject.
The key influences on students' attitudes to physics have been identified as:
- Self-concept – that is, students' sense of themselves in relation to the subject; the value they place on the subject and their willingness to engage with it;
- Views of physics – that is, how students experience physics at school;
- Teacher-student relationships – that is, how personally supportive students find their physics teacher.
For further information on research and resources on girls in physics, please click on the links on the left-hand menu.


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1 posts tagged "Hagit Kassif"
Roomeur Has It-------
During our pre-fall appointments this week, Roomeur, a new contemporary ready-to-wear label with a luxe twist, caught our eye. The brainchild of designers and longtime friends Hagit Kassif (formerly of DVF) and Omer Poizner (formerly of Elie Tahari), the New York-based brand combines tailored garments with geometric embroidery and vibrant prints. Pre-fall 2013 marks the design duo's first collection, and they looked to Frida Kahlo, whom they say has a "powerful persona that blends the boundaries of gender," for inspiration. The influence of the artist's signature fusion of masculine and feminine was apparent in clean collared shirts, blazers paired with cigarette trousers, and brocade shorts suits. "We tried to imagine her time in New York City and how it might have been if she was here now," said the designers. One could imagine a quilted black wrap skirt and floral top making the rounds on the streets of Manhattan. Ditto for a black cocktail dress with a single off-white sleeve. Kassif and Poizner have already started working on their second collection. Apparently, for Fall 2013, they plan to send Kahlo to outer space.


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Our Science – Morasso Website
Maria I. Morasso, Ph.D.
She is currently head of the Developmental Skin Biology Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). Dr. Morasso also serves as an adjunct investigator in the Center for Cancer Research, NCI.
For information on Dr. Morasso's current research at NIAMS, please visit the Developmental Skin Biology Unit.
This page was last updated on 6/7/2013.


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Summer Strawberry Soup Recipe
- 2 cups vanilla yogurt
- 1/2 cup orange juice
- 2 pounds fresh strawberries, halved (8 cups)
- 1/2 cup sugar
- Additional vanilla yogurt and fresh mint leaves, optional
- In a blender, combine the yogurt, orange juice, strawberries and sugar in batches; cover and process until blended. Refrigerate for at least 2 hours. Garnish with additional yogurt and mint leaves if desired. Yield: 6 servings.
Reviews for Summer Strawberry Soup
Sort By :
Fantastic!! So easy to make, I used strawberry yogurt, and did a little less sugar than it called for. Just my preference-you do whatever YOU want. Shared some with friends, and they asked for the recipe, so I just rattled it off the top of my head since it was that easy to make! You'll love it! If there's any left (which I doubt there will be), I'm going to freeze into popsicle molds
I used this recipe on tv for a cooking segment because it is so easy and delicious! I love that it can be prepared as is; or that it can be done as "skinny soup" with reduced fat yogurt and sweetener. Either way, my daughter, my worst critic deemed it awesome!
It was great everybody lik't - UrsulaK.
My family loved this -especially my kids! We had more than we could eat at one meal, so we froze the remaining soup into popsicle molds. They are awesome -and healthy because I didn't use any sugar and also used Light and Fit Yogurt. Yum!
This sounds great but a friend of mine is alergic to strawberries. Would it work just as well with raspberries?
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If the conference doesn't raise its exit fees tonight it will say a lot.
Media reports say something the coaches don't.
In which I express my undying hatred toward the Eagles.
No decision is imminent, but UConn has backers in the ACC.
The UConn president is trying to clear the way for the Huskies to get to the ACC.
It's unlikely, but at least UConn is at the top of the list.
This contradicts what commissioner Jon Marinatto said last night.
After five days and a handful of late-night bigwig mini-gatherings, college football has downshifted from Apocalypse Now to Apocalypse Later. Again. For the second straight year, Texas got cold...
The Blue Devils and the Terps are pushing for the ACC to expand to 16.
Here's what that means for UConn.
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LEWISTON — Saying it wouldn't be responsible to delay hiring a new top administrator, councilors voted Tuesday to try to fill the job in the next three months.
"It would be councilors abdicating their responsibility to do their job," Mayor Larry Gilbert said. "You are elected until you are no longer in office. This council has a responsibility to do this."
Councilors said they needed more time to settle on a process for finding a new city administrator. They scheduled a special workshop meeting for 6:30 p.m. Thursday to discuss who should serve on a citizen search committee — citizens chosen by ward or by social and economic group.
The city administrator's job has been a political issue since the council voted 5-2 in July to fire Jim Bennett without cause and buy out his contract for $110,000 plus benefits. A group, led by Tom and Nelson Peters, city councilors in wards 1 and 2 and the two dissenting votes on the Bennett firing, met at the Ramada Inn earlier this month to urge councilors to put off hiring a new administrator until a new council is seated.
That group was well-represented Tuesday. It included mayoral candidates Nick Knowlton and Michael Dumas, council candidate Donald D'Auteuil and former councilors Renee Bernier, Norm Rousseau and Joyce Bilodeau, all urging a delay in the search.
"This is too important a decision for the city to give this a rush job," Bilodeau said.
But sitting councilors had their defenders. Dan Gregoire of Mitchell Street said he had faith in councilors.
"Firing anyone is never easy," Gregoire said. "What you did was make a tough decision, but I think it was the right one."
Robert Soucy of 373 Pinewoods Road agreed.
"I think this council should do as it sees fit," he said. "Afterward, if we don't like your decision, then we can throw stones."
For a majority of councilors, that meant not waiting. Councilor Betty Dube said new councilors have plenty to learn upon assuming office. That would add another delay to bringing in a new administrator.
"To learn to work with each other, and get settled on your new committees, to take this very important decision on top of all of this orientation is a big burden," she said.
Councilors voted 5-2 not to delay the process, with the Peters brothers dissenting.
That left the decision of the hiring process. The city has received 26 resumes for the position so far, and will accept applications through Sept. 1.
Councilor Robert Reed said he favored creating a committee to review the applicants and recommend final candidates to the council. He suggested one person be selected from each ward, along with three or for city department heads. He also recommended Auburn City Administrator Glenn Aho be invited to join the committee.
"I think that's important, because we want the two cities to work together as much as possible," Reed said.
But Ari Rosenberg and Barbara Rankins of the Visible Community, a downtown advocacy group, argued against appointing citizens to the committee based on ward. They recommended having social and economic groups — including downtown residents, rural residents, immigrants, business owners and social agency members — fill the committee.
Councilors said that sounded like a good idea, but it needed further discussion. They decided to postpone those discussions until Thursday's special workshop.


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