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Published in Flagpole Magazine, p. 8 (November 19, 2003).
Author: Donald E. Wilkes, Jr., Professor of Law, University of Georgia School of Law.
It has now been forty years since Friday, Nov. 22, 1963, when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated and what is now known as the Great American Murder Mystery was born: Who was involved in the planning and execution of JFK's slaying, and why was it committed?
The purpose of this article is to discuss the efforts Sen. Richard Russell undertook to help solve the greatest and most notorious crime committed in the United States in the 20th century, and to show that Russell's grave concerns about the adequacy of the assassination's official investigation by the Warren Commission, the FBI, and the CIA, and about the accuracy of the Warren Report itself, have been fully vindicated. Himself a member of the Warren Commission, Russell actions as a member soon led to his being labeled the Commission's "great dissenter;" and, because he was the first member to publicly criticize the Commission's work, he is also known as the Commission's "first dissenter."
With the exception of Jimmy Carter, Richard B. Russell, Jr. (1897-1971) was the most distinguished Georgia politician of the 20th century. Born in Winder, he graduated from the University of Georgia School of Law in 1918 at the age of 20. Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives at the age of 23, he served there for ten years (the last four years as Speaker). At the age of 34 he was elected Governor of Georgia, and less than two years later was elected to the U.S. Senate, serving there brilliantly in a leadership capacity for 38 years. A conservative Democrat, Russell's support for segregation unfortunately led him to commit the greatest blunder of his illustrious career of public service–masterminding the filibuster against the historic Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Russell never wanted to serve on the Warren Commission and was tricked into becoming a member. On Nov. 29, 1963, one week after the assassination, the new president, Lyndon B. Johnson, an old friend, called Russell on the telephone and tried to persuade him to serve as a member of the commission (soon to be known as the Warren Commission because its chairman was to be Chief Justice Earl Warren) that LBJ was about to create to handle the assassination investigation. Russell firmly declined. Five hours later that same day, however, LBJ called back and told Russell that he had been appointed to the commission and that this had already been publicly announced. "Learning that he ha[d] been outfoxed," historian Michael R. Beschloss writes, "Russell react[ed] with astonishment, indignation, then the weary resignation of one who has been dealing with LBJ for years." It was thus by artifice and deceit that Russell was, as he put it in a letter written later, "conscripted on the Commission."
Russell attended nearly all the Commission's executive sessions. Because of his many other duties and obligations, Russell attended only 6% of the Commission hearings at which testimony was taken. He did, however, with the help of an assistant, personally review the transcripts of the testimony, as well as other documents submitted to the Commission.
While serving on the Warren Commission, Russell repeatedly voiced suspicions that the FBI had rushed to the judgment that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin and consequently was not thoroughly investigating the assassination and appropriately following up leads. (The Commission did not have an independent staff of investigators; it relied on the FBI, the CIA, and other federal agencies to carry out investigative activities and to supply needed information.) Russell's belief that the FBI was not performing adequately has been confirmed again and again since the Warren Report was released in 1964.
In 1976 the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
Activities investigated and issued a report on "the performance of intelligence
agencies in conducting their investigation of the assassination and their
relationships to the Warren Commission." The report revealed that
the Senate Committee "had developed evidence which impeaches the process
by which the intelligence agencies arrived at their own conclusions about
the assassination, and by which they provided information to the Warren
Commission." The report concluded that "both the CIA and the FBI
failed in, or avoided carrying out, certain of their responsibilities in
this matter.... The evidence indicates that the investigation of
the assassination was deficient and that facts which might have substantially
affected the course of the investigation were not provided the Warren Commission..."
The Senate Committee also found, in regard to the FBI specifically, that
"during the Warren Commission investigation top FBI officials were continually
concerned with protecting the Bureau's reputation and avoiding any criticism
for not fulfilling investigative responsibilities.... The Bureau
issued its report on the basis of a narrow investigation focused on Oswald,
without conducting a broad investigation of the assassination which would
have revealed any conspiracy, foreign or domestic."
Three years later, in 1979, the U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations, after fully investigating the matter, issued a final report concluding that the FBI (1) "performed with varying degrees of competency," (2) "failed to investigate adequately the possibility of a conspiracy to assassinate the President," and (3) "was deficient in its sharing of information both prior to and subsequent to the assassination."
While on the Commission, Russell repeatedly expressed doubts that the CIA could be trusted to provide the Commission with the full, unexpurgated truth. These doubts have been fully vindicated. The CIA did not, for example, inform the Commission of recent CIA-Mafia murder plots against Fidel Castro. As noted above, in 1976 the Senate Intelligence Committee concluded that the CIA failed in, or avoided carrying out, certain of its responsibilities in investigating the assassination. And the 1979 report of the House Assassinations Committee concluded that the CIA "was deficient in its collection and sharing of information both prior to and subsequent to the assassination." According to the 1979 report, "the CIA did not always respond to the Commission's broad request for all relevant material," and the responses the CIA did make were often tardy.
Several books by responsible, knowledgeable scholars have detailed crucial information about Oswald which the CIA possessed before the assassination but refused to give to the Commission, including facts about CIA monitoring of Oswald's activities and his links to CIA agents. Two of the best of these books are Philip H. Melanson, Spy Saga: Lee Harvey Oswald and U.S. Intelligence (1990), and John Newman, Oswald and the CIA (1995). Reading these books leaves little doubt that Oswald had close connections with the CIA before Nov. 22, 1963 and that afterward the CIA, instead being forthright about its dealings with Oswald and its awareness of his activities, engaged in a coverup that impeded the investigation of the murder of an American president. "What legal term should we use to describe the action of a government agency when it lies to a presidentially appointed investigation?" Newman scathingly asks.
In a 1964 telephone conversation with LBJ shortly after the Warren Commission's last meeting, Russell expressed his unhappiness with what he called "[t]hat danged Warren Commission business." In 1966 and again in 1970 Russell told the new media of his abiding dissatisfaction with the work of the Warren Commission. Once again, Russell stands vindicated by history.
Edward Jay Epstein's Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth (1966), the best single treatise on the internal operations of the Commission, concluded that the Warren Commission, "sincerely convinced that the national interest would best be served by the termination of rumors, and predisposed by its make-up and by the pressure of time not to search more deeply, failed to answer some of the essential questions about the tragedy," and that the Warren Report "fails to contend with serious contradictions presented by the evidence." The 1979 House Assassinations Committee in its final report concluded that (1) "the Warren Commission performed with varying degrees of competency," (2) "the Warren Commission failed to investigate adequately the possibility of a conspiracy to assassinate the President," (3) the Warren Commission "presented its conclusions in its report in a fashion that was too definitive," and (4) the Warren Report "was not, in some respects, an accurate presentation of the evidence available to the Commission ... particularly on the issue of a possible conspiracy in the assassination."
Further vindicating Russell, the House Assassinations Committee final report attributed the Warren Commission's failure to adequately investigate the possibility of conspiracy to, in part, "the failure of the Commission to receive all the relevant information that was in the possession of other agencies and departments of the Government [i.e., the FBI and the CIA]." Russell's suspicions about the job the Warren Commission did were, therefore, well founded; in many respects the Commission's investigation was, as Henry Hurt charges in Reasonable Doubt: An Investigation into the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (1985), a "blue ribbon whitewash."
Echoing sentiments he had previously expressed about the assassination, in a 1970 television interview Russell said, "I have never believed that Oswald planned that altogether by himself.... [I] have doubts that he planned it all by himself. I think someone else worked with him." Russell's view that a conspiracy was, or may very well have been, behind the JFK assassination has also been proven to be correct. Only a few diehard defenders of the Warren Report still seriously contend that Oswald, acting alone, was the sole assassin. Today most reputable students of the assassination believe that there was a conspiracy (although they disagree on whether Oswald was one of the conspirators and on whether he fired any of the shots). The final report of the House Assassinations Committee in 1979 concluded that "there was a high probability that two gunmen were firing at the President" and that "President John F. Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy." (The final report concluded that at least four–and possibly as many as six–shots had been fired, including three from the vicinity of the School Book Depository Building behind the presidential limousine, and one from the grassy knoll to the right of the limousine; the Warren Report had concluded that only three shots were fired and that they all were fired by one person from the School Book Depository.) And if there were two conspirators firing at the motorcade, doesn't it stand to reason that probably there were additional conspirators?
Russell's strong suspicions regarding an actual or possible conspiracy may have been due in part to knowledge he had acquired as chair of a Senate subcommittee on CIA oversight. As Russell biographer Gilbert C. Fite has written, Russell might have "possessed secret information others did not have, [and] he may have had reason to suspect some kind of conspiracy. Whatever he knew, if anything, he carried to the grave."
Russell adamantly opposed the Warren Commission's single bullet theory–the theory that a nonfatal bullet fired from behind struck JFK in the back, exited the front of his body, and struck Texas Gov. John B. Connally, causing all Connally's wounds. Russell expressed his vehement disagreement with the single bullet theory in a proposed dissenting statement dictated on Sept. 16, 1964; he argued against the theory at the final meeting of the Commission on Sept. 18, 1964 (although the doctored transcript of this meeting contains no reference to Russell's arguments), and then criticized the single bullet theory again that very day in a telephone conversation with LBJ; and he emphatically rejected the theory in interviews with the press in 1966 and 1970. The two principal reasons Russell rejected the single bullet theory: (1) Connally's Warren Commission testimony, in which Connally absolutely, positively, and unequivocally asserted that before he was hit he heard a previous shot that struck JFK ("It's a certainty. I'll never change my mind"), and (2) Russell's own examination of the Zapruder film. (Two other of the seven members of Commission shared Russell's doubts about the single bullet theory; thus, nearly half the Commission questioned the theory.)
The reason the Warren Commission embraced the single bullet theory is explained in Epstein's Inquest. The famous Zapruder film of the assassination shows Connally reacting to his wounds about one-half second after JFK reacted to a (nonfatal) wound. Using the Zapruder film it was also established that less than two seconds elapsed between the earliest time that JFK could have been shot and the latest time that Connally could have been shot. "However," Epstein notes, "it was also established that the minimum time in which the [alleged] assassination weapon [a bolt-action carbine supposedly belonging to Oswald] could be fired twice was 2.3 seconds... Thus ... it was physically impossible for the assassination rifle to have been fired twice during the period when the President and Governor Connally were first wounded. Either both men were hit by the same bullet, or there were two assassins." Determined under all circumstances to find there was no conspiracy, the Commission was compelled to adopt the single bullet theory.
During the last thirty years nearly all JFK assassination scholars who have studied the evidence, with the exception of a few gullible defenders of the Warren Report, have rejected the single bullet theory as little more than a ploy used by the Warren Commission to prop up its lone assassin theory. The main reasons: (1) Connally's testimony (which was confirmed by his wife, who had been seated next to him in the presidential limousine); and (2) the contents of the Zapruder film. Furthermore, as Robert J. Groden and Harrison Edward Livingstone point out in High Treason–The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: What Really Happened (1989): "Not a single witness to the shooting ever suggested that both men were hit at the same time, and in fact all the witnesses in Dealey Plaza who had anything to say about it indicated that the victims were hit by separate bullets." Once again, Russell stands vindicated.
Oddly, despite his rejection of the single bullet theory, Russell never seems to have questioned that Oswald fired all the shots that struck JFK and Connally. He seems not have grasped the fact that without the theory there had to be more than one assassin. In his Sept. 18, 1964 telephone conversation with LBJ, Russell said that his rejection of the single bullet theory "don't [sic] make much difference" and was "just a little thing." Actually, of course, as Michael R. Beschloss has written, the repudiation of the theory would make "a world of difference. For Kennedy and Connally to have been struck by separate bullets ... suggested that there may have been two gunmen firing at them in Dallas, and hence a conspiracy."
In overview, Sen. Richard Russell played an important role on the Warren Commission, and the concerns he frequently voiced about the adequacy of the investigation carried out by the FBI and the CIA, as well as by the Warren Commission itself, have proved to be quite justified. Despite his inability to devote much time to the Warren Commission, Russell labored to improve the quality of its investigation, to point out the bureaucratic pitfalls besetting the Commission, and to preserve its integrity. If the entire Commission had shared Russell's admirable determination to get to the truth of the matter notwithstanding the strange and inexplicable investigative lapses of the FBI and the CIA, the Warren Commission's performance would certainly have been vastly improved, and the Warren Report would have been a different, more persuasive document. But Russell was only one man, and there is only so much one man can do in the circumstances in which Russell found himself. He did not solve America's crime of the century, and he could not have been expected to do so. But it is to Sen. Richard Russell's lasting credit that he, more than other member of the Warren Commission, tried to slash through the constrictive coils that were suffocating the Warren Commission's endeavors to perform its solemn duty of uncovering the whole truth about America's greatest murder mystery. Today the Warren Report is, in important respects, a justly discredited document, and one reason for this is that Sen. Richard Russell was the great as well as the first dissenter on the Warren Commission.
Appendix A to this article is a timeline of events relating to Richard B. Russell's service on the Warren Commission, and Appendix B is a bibliography of writings dealing with Russell's criticisms of the Warren Report.
Nov. 22, 1963 In broad daylight, while seated in an open limousine being driven in a motorcade to a luncheon, President John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. The burst of hidden sniper fire that kills JFK also results in the severe but nonfatal wounding of Texas Governor John B. Connally, who is seated in the limousine in front of JFK. At the time of the assassination, Sen. Richard Russell is an anteroom behind the U.S. Senate chamber, reading the wire feeds from the AP and UP news services.
Nov. 24, 1963 Accused JFK assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is shot dead in a Dallas police station while in police custody and in the presence of numerous police officers by Jack Ruby, a local nightclub owner and organized crime figure.
Nov. 29, 1963 Over Russell's objection, President Lyndon B. Johnson appoints Russell a member of the Warren Commission, which is to investigate and report on JFK assassination.
Dec. 5, 1963 The Warren Commission meets in executive session. At this, the first meeting of the Commission, Russell complains about the FBI's leaking of information about the assassination to the press: "I see occasionally in the press articles that purport to have come from the FBI as to bits of evidence and things of that kind. How much of their findings does the FBI propose to release to the press before we present the findings of this Commission?" (Russell appears to have believed that the FBI was leaking facts in order to make it impossible for the Commission to not accept those facts.) During or after the meeting Russell writes a longhand memo saying: "Something strange is happening.... FBI ... and others [are] planning to show Oswald only one considered.... This to me is [an] untenable position."
Dec. 16, 1963 At an executive session of the Warren Commission, Russell complains that the FBI report on the assassination, just submitted to the Commission, had previously been leaked to the press. "I have read it through," Russell comments, "and practically everything in there has come out in the press at one time or another, a bit here and a bit there." When discussing information required to be provided by the CIA, Russell says the other Commissioners have "more faith" in the CIA than he does. Russell expresses doubt about whether the CIA would in fact provide requested information and suggests that any information it did provide would be "doctored."
Jan. 27, 1964 The Warren Commission meets in executive session to discuss various matters, including a credible allegation that Oswald had been a paid informer for the FBI. The transcript of this meeting is first published by Warren Report critic Harold Weisberg in 1974. At this meeting Russell, in the words of assassination researcher Bernard Fensterwald, "dr[aws] an admission from Allen Dulles [a member of the Warren Commission and former CIA director] that the CIA and/or FBI would never publicly admit that Oswald had worked for them, if that had indeed been true." Russell also expresses support for the view that the FBI report's conclusion that Oswald, acting alone, was the sole assassin, had been reached with suspicious haste and on the basis of an incomplete investigation. "They have tried the case and reached a verdict on every aspect," Russell says.
Feb. 24, 1964 Russell prepares but never sends a letter resigning from the Warren Commission. In the letter, addressed to President Johnson, Russell complains that the Commission has been scheduling, holding, and canceling meetings without notifying him.
Sept. 6, 1964 At Russell's insistence, Russell and two other members of the Commission take testimony in Dallas, Texas from Marina Oswald, the widow of the accused assassin. Marina Oswald had previously testified before the Commission on June 11 at a session at which Russell was absent. Russell has insisted on having her testify again because he believes she has withheld vital information concerning Lee Harvey Oswald's mysterious contacts with Russian agents, Cuba, and Cuban Americans.
Sept. 7, 1964 Russell and two other Warren Commission members visit Dealey Plaza and examine the assassination site. While visiting the sixth floor room in the School Book Depository from which the assassin's shots were allegedly fired, Russell takes an unloaded rifle, leans out the window allegedly used by Oswald, and aims at the spot where JFK's limousine had been at the time of the assassination. "Oswald must have been an expert shot," he says. A photograph of Russell leaning out the window, rifle in hand, soon appears in newspapers.
Sept. 16, 1964 Russell dictates a dissenting statement disagreeing with the Warren Report single bullet theory that JFK and Connally were hit by the same bullet: "I do not share the finding of the Commission as to the probability that both President Kennedy and Governor Connally were struck by the same bullet.... I join in my colleagues in the belief that three shots were fired, but, to me, the testimony of Governor Connally that he heard the first shot fired and strike the President and turned before he was wounded makes more logical a finding that the first and third shots struck the President and the second shot wounded Governor Connally." The dissenting statement also disagrees with the Report's conclusion of no conspiracy. In Russell's judgment, "a number of suspicious circumstances," as well as the insufficiency of the evidence gathered against Oswald, "preclude[d] the conclusive determination that Oswald and Oswald alone, without the knowledge, encouragement or assistance of any other person, planned and perpetrated the assassination." Apparently with Russell's consent, this dissenting statement is never incorporated into the Warren Report.
Sept. 18, 1964 The Warren Commission meets in executive session. At this, the final meeting of the Commission, the proposed final draft of the Warren Report is presented and discussed, and Russell raises his objections to the single bullet theory and to the no conspiracy theory. None of this, however, appears on the transcript of the meeting. Unlike all the other transcripts of Warren Commission proceedings, the transcript of this meeting is not a verbatim transcript; instead, except for the first page, it consists of a series of conclusory paragraphs which tell us little more than that "discussion was had" regarding the proposed Warren Report, and that certain motions were made and approved by Commission members. (This transcript is, as Harold Weisberg has proved beyond doubt, a fake. Even the pagination, which purports to make the transcript a continuation of previous, authentic (and verbatim) transcripts, is phony. It is not known who falsified the transcript, or when it was prepared. The fabricating of the transcript appears to have been done to assure that there would be no actual minutes of the criticisms leveled at the proposed Report by Russell and others at the meeting.) After the meeting, Russell has a long distance telephone conversation with LBJ. The tape recording of this call is not released to the public until Apr. 15, 1994. During the conversation Russell reiterates what he had said at today's Commission meeting and had set forth in his dissenting statement two days before: he could not accept the single bullet theory. "They're trying to prove that the same bullet that hit Kennedy first was the one that hit Connally, went through him and through his hand, his bone, and into his leg," Russell tells LBJ. "Well, I don't believe it!" he then tells LBJ (who quickly responds: "Well, I don't either!") Apparently not fully appreciating the significance of rejecting the single bullet theory, Russell says that his rejection of the theory "don't [sic] make much difference" and is "just a little thing.".
Sept. 24, 1964 Russell and the other members of the Warren Commission go to the White House and personally deliver the Warren Report to LBJ.
Sept. 27, 1964 The Warren Report is officially released to the public. The Report's principal conclusions include: (1) All the shots which struck JFK and Connally were fired in less than eight seconds from the sixth floor of the School Book Depository by Lee Harvey Oswald using a military surplus bolt-action 6.5 mm carbine manufactured in Italy in 1940; (2) Oswald fired three shots; (3) "there is very persuasive evidence" that one of the bullets fired from behind the limousine transected JFK's body (inflicting a nonlethal injury) and then struck Connally, causing all his wounds; (4) Oswald acted alone and there was no conspiracy, foreign or domestic, behind the assassination; and (5) there was no credible evidence that shots were fired from any location except the sixth floor of the Depository.
Sept. 29, 1964 In an article in The Atlanta Constitution, Russell announces that (despite the claim of no conspiracy made in the Warren Report released only two days earlier) it is unknown whether Oswald acted "with the encouragement or knowledge of anyone else." Russell thus becomes the first Warren Commission member to publicly express a view on the assassination contrary to the Warren Report.
Nov. 20, 1966 In an article in The Atlanta Constitution
which describes him as "the great dissenter within the Commission," Russell
becomes the first Warren Commission member to publicly criticize the Warren
Report. He acknowledges "harbor[ing] a lingering dissatisfaction
with [the Warren Commission's] work." He reveals that at the time
the Report was issued he disagreed with its single bullet theory.
He firmly states that he could not agree with the Warren Report's conclusion
that Oswald acted alone. He adds that while he could accept the conclusion
that Oswald fired the shots that killed JFK, he could not rule out the
possibility that Oswald was part of a conspiracy. In the article
Russell also says that he had wanted the Warren Report to say nothing about
whether there was a conspiracy behind the assassination.
June 5, 1968 Russell has a chance encounter with Harold Weisberg in the U.S. Capitol. Weisberg informs Russell that the transcript of the Sept. 18, 1964 meeting of the Warren Commission is a bogus document. As the two walk through a corridor, Russell tells Weisberg that "we have not been told the truth about Oswald." Other things Russell said on this occasion are recounted in a federal court affidavit sworn to by Weisberg in 1974: "Privately Senator Russell told me that he was convinced that there were two areas in which Warren Commission members had been deceived by the Federal agencies responsible for investigating the assassination of President Kennedy. These two areas were: (1) Oswald's background; and (2) the ballistics evidence."
June 14, 1968 One of his aides who has checked into the matter sends Russell a memo stating that the apparent falsification of the Sept. 18, 1964 transcript "would appear to be a very serious matter."
Jan. 30, 1970 In his final letter to Harold Weisberg,
Russell writes: "I am interested that you are continuing your work, and
there are a number of matters in the investigation which would be of interest
to me if I had the time to devote to them."
Feb. 11, 1970 Atlanta station WSB-TV televises reporter Hal Suit's interview of Russell. During a small portion of this 3-hour documentary broadcast, "Richard Russell: Georgia Giant," Russell discusses the Warren Commission and its Report. "I was not satisfied with several aspects of [the Warren] [R]eport," he says. Concerning Oswald and the possibility of a conspiracy in the JFK assassination, Russell says: "I have never believed that Oswald planned that altogether by himself.... [I] have doubts that he planned it all by himself. I think someone else worked with him.... [T]here were so many circumstances there that led me to believe that you couldn't just completely eliminate the possibility that he did have some co-conspirators.... I'm not completely satisfied in my own mind that he did plan and commit this act altogether on his own, without consultation with anyone else. And that's what a majority of the Commission wanted to find." During the interview Russell also professes not to have "the slightest doubt" that Oswald had fired the fatal shots.
Jan. 21, 1971 Russell dies of lung cancer at Walter Reed
Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Edward Jay Epstein, Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth (1966). This scholarly book examines the inner workings of the Warren Commission and concludes that "the Commission, sincerely convinced that the national interest required dispelling rumors and conspiracy theories, failed to adequately investigate the essential questions about the JFK assassination." The book explores Russell's role on the Commission with emphasis on his opposition to the single bullet theory.
Harold Weisberg, Whitewash IV: Top Secret JFK Assassination Transcript (1974). The author of this book (now deceased) was one of the leading authorities on the JFK assassination, and after extensive investigation and research wrote nine books on the topic. This remarkable book is the first publication to set forth the text of the previously classified transcript of the Jan. 27, 1964 executive session of the Warren Commission. The book also conclusively proves that the transcript of the final meeting of the Warren Commission (on Sept. 18, 1964) is a fabrication. The preparation of the false transcript was likely done by J. Lee Rankin, the Commission's General Counsel, the author suggests.
Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Coincidence or Conspiracy? (1977). This book, edited by an attorney who has extensively investigated the JFK assassination, includes a section setting forth numerous facts showing that, in the words of the editor, "Senator Russell was deeply disturbed by the performance of the Warren Commission, and even more deeply disturbed by the denial of certain information to it by both the CIA and the FBI." This book also examines the fabricated transcript of the Sept. 18, 1964 Warren Commission meeting and proposes that J. Lee Rankin "may have been responsible" for the falsifying of the transcript.
Henry Hurt, Reasonable Doubt: An Investigation into the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (1985). This book quotes statements about the JFK assassination investigation made by Russell made at Warren Commission executive sessions and in press interviews. This book points out that in his 1970 television interview Russell "confirmed the long-standing suspicion that a majority of the [C]ommission members wanted to show that Oswald acted alone."
Robert J. Groden and Harrison Edward Livingstone, High Treason–The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: What Really Happened (1989). This book briefly discusses Russell's refusal to accept the single bullet theory and his rejection of the no conspiracy theory.
Gary Diamond, Richard Russell's Opinions Concerning the Kennedy Assassination: An Examination of the Richard B. Russell Memorial Library (May 5, 1989). This unpublished research paper by a UGA law student summarizes Russell's work on the Warren Commission and is based on an thorough examination of Russell Collection documents in the UGA's Richard B. Russell Library, many of which are quoted or copied in the paper.
Donald E. Wilkes, Jr., Russell Disagreed With JFK Death Report, The Athens Observer, p. 1 (Nov. 9, 1989). This article discusses Russell Collection documents showing that Russell had grave doubts about key aspects of the Warren Report and that Russell prepared but never sent a letter resigning from the Warren Commission.
Gilbert C. Fite, Richard B. Russell, Jr.: Senator From Georgia (1991). Fite, a history professor, devotes eight pages of this 550-page biography to Russell's membership on the Warren Commission.
LBJ Doubted One Bullet Hit Both JFK, Connally, The Atlanta Constitution, p. A2 (Apr. 16, 1994). This article discusses the taped telephone conversation between Russell and LBJ on Sept. 18, 1964, in which both men expressed doubt about the single bullet theory.
Donald E. Wilkes, Jr., JFK Killer Not Alone, UGA Professor Says, The Athens Observer, p. 1A (Dec. 18, 1994). This article also discusses the taped telephone conversation between Russell and LBJ on Sept. 18, 1964, in which both men expressed doubt about the single bullet theory.
Harold Weisberg, Never Again! The Government Conspiracy in the JFK Assassination (1995). Chapter 21 of this book, "The Commission Deceived Its Own Members," focuses on Russell's dissatisfaction with the Warren Commission's investigation and with key findings of the Warren Report. It points out that "Russell is the only member of the Commission who agreed with and praised the work critical of his own Commission."
Michael R. Beschloss, Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-1964 (1997). This book, edited and with commentary by a distinguished historian, contains the transcripts of three taped-recorded telephone conversations between Russell and LBJ regarding the JFK assassination. Two of the conversations were on Nov. 29, 1963, the day LBJ appointed Russell appointed to the Warren Commission, and the third was on Sept. 18, 1964, shortly after Russell had attended the final meeting of the Commission.
Files Show Russell Wanted to Resign Warren Commission, The Athens Banner-Herald, p. 5A (Nov. 4, 1997). This article examines documents in the Russell Collection relating to the Warren Report.
Dani E. Biancolli, The First Dissenter: Richard B. Russell and the Warren Commission (2002). This unpublished M.A. thesis is the best single work on Russell's tenure on the Warren Commission and his criticisms of the Warren Report. The author has undertaken a comprehensive examination of documents in the Russell Collection relating to Russell's membership on the Warren Commission. The author discloses that the absence of a verbatim transcript of the Commission's final meeting, on Sept. 18, 1964, is attributable to a deliberate deception of Russell and other Commission members. "During the September 18th meeting Russell recalled the presence of a woman in the room and assumed that she was the official stenographer sent by [the court reporter firm retained to record all Commissions executive sessions]. However, she was not. A survey of [the firm's] records show that the last session the firm billed for was ... [on] September 15th. Thus, it is possible to assume that the presence of a 'stenographer' was meant to deceive Russell and the other dissenters into assuming that the meeting was being conducted as usual. However, the presence of a doctored transcript [of the meeting] proves that someone ...assured that there would be no record of dissension in the ranks." The person most likely responsible for perpetrating the fraud, the author believes, was J. Lee Rankin, the Warren Commission's General Counsel.


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A surge in the use of designer drugs, also known as synthetic drugs, has prompted a ban on some items that used to be widely available. There are mixed messages about what is legal and what's not in Maryland after new guidelines went into effect Oct. 1.
The crystal substance known as "bath salts" is a banned synthetic drug that reportedly mimics the effects of taking cocaine, LSD or methamphetamine. (To learn more about bath salts, check out this YouTube video posted a year ago by the U.S. Navy.) Synthetic marijuana known as K2 or Spice is also part of the ban.
Annapolis-based attorney and blogger Drew Cochran explains what the state is doing to crack down on these drugs in his blog: New Rules Toughen Penalties for Synthetic Drug Use in Maryland.
"Simply put, they are popular alternatives to traditional street drugs (e.g., marijuana, cocaine) which have only recently been added to the federal Controlled Substances Act," wrote Cochran in his blog.
Cochran said that Maryland Senate Bill 109 doesn't just outlaw specific drugs.
"The new Maryland legislation broadens the scope of law enforcement by making possession (for whatever reason) of any of the prohibited active ingredients a violation of state law, subject to fine, imprisonment, or both," according to Cochran.
In some instances, it's possible that people might not realize they are doing anything illegal when they purchase items out of state.
"The issue of synthetic drugs is not an exact science, so to speak. It's possible, for example, that someone may bring compounds purchased legally in another jurisdiction across state lines only to discover (usually too late) that they are in violation of Maryland law," Cochran wrote.
Click here to read more from Cochran's blog about synthetic drugs.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
OK, I went ahead and posted it as is. Your blog is quoted and linked.
"How to--and not to--tattoo your life" http://ning.it/dLZA0y
Thanks--now it's my turn to be flattered! Reading your blog and poetry is, well, kind of exhilerating for me, actually. I hope I can do it justice when I mention it in my blog!
I wish my blog post had been enough to re-inspire me into vegetarianism! To be honest, I think I might be able to do it if it were more practical. I didn't mention in my blog that when I told my husband I wanted to try it out again he just laughed and said, "Yeah right, with the rest of us eating meat?" Bleh... I'm not willing to cook 2 meals at this point and he's not willing to go vegetarian, but maybe I can figure out how to do it, as long as I keep cooking everyone else their meat. :/
I love your blog and poetry. Do you mind if I mention it (and linke to it) in a blog post of mine?
Hello, John!
I enjoyed meeting you in the chat room yesterday. Thank you for joining Lord of the Rings Atheists.
Thanks for the compliment. I've only been drawing/painting for a few weeks, so I'm just amazed I can create something halfway recognizable!
I didn't mind Manhattan much when I was there, but I was a lot younger (well, 6 or 7 years younger anyway). My ex was stationed at Ft Riley so we actually spent about half our time there. I don't think I could stand it now, though, seeing as how I'm having trouble getting used to San Antonio, TX, which is enormous compared to Manhattan.
Life just got too hectic for the approach I was taking. When I started I was living alone in a different city, so I had all the time in the world. Then I moved back home and I had a full time job and family and friends and it just got a bit too hectic. I plan on continuing reading it when I get more time.
My advice is to read The Message (which can be found on biblegateway.com) which is an easier translation to follow. Also read the annotations in the Skeptic's Annotated Bible (skepticsannotatedbible.com). Some of the stuff on the SAB is kind of grasping at straws, but it keeps tabs on a lot of the continuity issues in the bible.
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January 1957
Michael Parker
Collection of HRH Duke of Edinburgh
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh is one of the few members of the Royal Family to have crossed the Antarctic Circle. In January 1957, he paid tribute to Shackleton at the memorial cross erected on South Georgia as part of a four-month voyage in which the HMY Britannia circumnavigated the globe. More


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Associated Press
Publication: theday.com
Mike Krzyzewski and Geno Auriemma have been chosen USA Basketball coaches of the year after leading the U.S. teams to Olympic gold medals.
Krzyzewski guided the U.S. men to a second straight gold and was honored for the fifth time by USA Basketball. He also shared the award with Auriemma in 2010, after the Americans won gold in both the men's and women's world basketball championships.
Krzyzewski, who coaches the Duke men, also won the award in 2006, 2007 and 2008.
Auriemma, the Connecticut women's coach, led the U.S. women to their fifth straight Olympic gold medal, most ever in a traditional women's team sport.
Both coaches have said they don't expect to return.
Summer Days Giveaway
Flat Stanley Contest
Win an iPad mini from Tri-Town Foods
What is your reaction to the way the media have covered the deadly shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown?
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Chacom is associated with one of the oldest pipe companies. In 1825, in the small village of Avignon, near the birthplace of pipes, St. Claude, France, the Comoy family began making pipes from boxwood for Napoleon's army. In 1879, Henri Comoy and his cousin Chapuis started working together to make briar pipes in France to be sent to London (to where Comoy ultimately moved). Chapuis Comoy became one of the most famous companies in 1922. Combining their names, Chacom officially became a brand in 1928. Over the next few decades, the company continued to grow, producing pipes that were distributed to be sold in France, Belgium, Scandinavia, Germany, the United States, Japan, and others.
59 Chacom pipes in this category, 9 new.
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We reserve the right to verify delivery to cardholder via UPS. You must be 18 years or older to make any selections on this site - by doing so, you are confirming that you are of legal age to purchase tobacco products or smoking accessories. We will deny any order we believe has been placed by a minor.
WARNING: Smokingpipes.com does not sell tobacco or tobacco related products to anyone under the age of 18, nor do we sell cigarettes.WARNING:Products on this site contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.


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I n the 74 years since Thornton Wilder's landmark drama "Our Town" premiered on Broadway, the fictional village of Grover's Corners, N.H., has become a familiar destination for high school drama departments and community theaters across the country. Over time, the play, set at the turn of the last century, has often been enshrouded in an amber glow of folksy, homespun sentimentality and reflexive nostalgia, overshadowing its harsh truths and rueful meditations on life and death.
"I think it might have gotten misread for a while as an affirmation of small-town values. But it doesn't really preach any values. It is an observation of the facts of human existence, of human behavior from a very objective point of view," says director David Cromer, who won a 2009 Obie Award for his hit off-Broadway production of the play.


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Room C170, Peters Hall
Ellen teaches the education coursework at both the undergraduate and graduate levels in the field of deaf education at Radford University. She also supervises field experiences for both undergraduate and graduate students and serves as academic advisor for these students as well. Ellen is co-principal investigator and coordinator of the US DOE/VDOE Teacher Preparation and Profession Development Project – Hearing Impairment Prek-12 grant. She organizes and facilitates state wide conferences in the field of deaf education every summer at Radford University that serve teachers of the deaf, speech language pathologists and general education teachers serving children who are deaf or hard of hearing. She serves on the Virginia Network of Consultants for Professionals Working with Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (VNOC) for the state of Virginia and serves as a consultant for Salem City Schools for children who have cochlear implants. She has a B.S. from Atlantic Christian College (now called Barton College) in Deaf Education, an M.S. from Radford University in Special Education, and various courses and workshops in educational interpreting. She taught children with hearing loss in public schools for 22 years and for 15 of those years also served as coordinator for the Roanoke Valley Regional Program for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. In that capacity she was responsible for supervising interpreters, planning professional training for teachers and interpreters and serving as a consultant for 6 cities and counties in the field of deaf education. She was also responsible for planning in-service training for general education teachers for the purpose of facilitating successful inclusion of students with hearing loss.


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If you have been reading this blog for a while, you surely know, I LOVE BACON!!!! I mean, who doesn't? Anyways, I told you guys about the global "aporkalypse" that is approaching and I've been trying to find some more information about the bacon doomsday. Well, I was browsing online, and I found myself at hackcollege.com where they had posted an informative message about the aporkalypse:
Created by: HackCollege.com
I think that last part made me cry a bit :-). What do you think about this horrible event? Tell me in the comments!!!
Dance Forever,
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Dear Twihards and Twilighters,lately I'm seeing bad comments about Twilight on Twilight soundtrack songs.Shall we show them what power we have and delete them?
Views: 42
I totally agree about the hate.
I made a discussion here about it.
I am mocked for being a twihard.
I tend to try and ignore it, but people hate without a cause.
they are scared by what they don't understand, like dogs with fireworks or mirrors, so they try and mask that fear with aggression.
oh, well.
So true.But u know why they hate it?Beacuse they're those bullies who bullied Bella.
excuse me?
here is my discussion
Twilight books & Movies saga have delighted people the world over, brought people together in life long friendships due to their interest in this wonderful story of forbidden but innocent love .
It doesn't matter that people will try to spoil it for the devoted fans, ignore the negative comments and just enjoy the books, movies, coventions with all the people who are Twilight fans.
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This guide provides a technical overview of how to use Azure Websites to create digital marketing campaigns. A digital marketing campaign is typically a short-lived entity that is meant to drive a short-term marketing goal. There are two main scenarios to consider. In the first scenario, a third-party marketing firm creates and manages the campaign for their customer for the duration of the promotion. A second scenario involves the marketing firm creating and then transferring ownership of the digital marketing campaign resources to their customer. The customer then runs and manages the digital marketing campaign on their own.
Azure Web Sites is a good match for both scenarios. It provides fast creation, supports multiple frameworks and languages, scales to meet user demand, and accommodates many deployment and source control systems. By using Azure, you also have access to other Azure services, such as Media Services, which can enhance a marketing campaign.
Although it is possible to use Azure Cloud Services or Azure Virtual Machines to host websites, it is not the ideal choice for this scenario unless there is a required feature that Azure Websites does not provide. To understand the options, see Azure Web Sites, Cloud Services, and VMs: When to use which?.
The following areas are addressed in this guide:
This guide presents some of the most common areas and tasks that are aligned with public-facing .COM site development. However, there are other capabilities of Azure Websites that you can use in your specific implementation. To review these capabilities, also see the other guides on Global Web Presence and Business Applications.
In the Global Web Presence scenario, we discussed various options for creating and deploying a new website. If you are new to Azure Websites, it is a good idea to review that information. If you frequently create digital marketing campaigns, it is possible that you have existing web assets that you customize for different promotions. In this section, we'll look closer at the options for deploying various types of websites from source control.
If you are reusing web assets for multiple purposes, you should strongly consider a source control management system, if you don't already use one. This allows you to store templates of common web solutions that can be branched and customized for specific customers. Websites provides the option to synchronize with many different source code repositories. On the Dashboard tab, select the Set up deployment from source control link.
This brings up a dialog with multiple source code control options. These include full-featured source control systems such as TFS as well as simple deployment solutions such as Dropbox.
You can use various source control techniques to manage the new project that is based on an existing baseline. For example, you can copy a baseline repository that was previously saved to begin work on the new project, or you can create a new branch to track the customizations for the current project. For a good example of the use of branches in managing different deployments from the same source control repository, see Multiple Environments with Azure Web Sites. This post demonstrates how to use git branching to manage staging and production environments.
Once you've connected your Website to source control, you can configure and track deployments from the portal. For more information on using source control with Websites, see Publishing from Source Control to Azure Web Sites.
When using existing web assets, it is also important to have flexibility to host many different types of websites. On the Configure tab, you can select both .NET and PHP support for your website.
In addition to these configuration options, Websites automatically provides support for Python 2.7 and Node.js. The default Node.js version is 0.10.5.
One additional advantage of Azure Websites is the speed of deploying staged sites to the web. During the planning, prototyping, and early development of a site, the agency and their customer can look at real working versions of the campaign site before it goes live. Once the site is ready for production, the agency can either manage the production deployment for the customer or provide the web assets to the customer to deploy and manage.
Most digital marketing campaigns make use of social media sites, such as Facebook or Twitter. One integration point is to use the social media identities for authentication. For an example of this approach with an ASP.NET application, see Deploy a Secure ASP.NET MVC app with Membership, OAuth, and SQL Database to an Azure Web Site.
However, many digital marketing campaigns go beyond authentication and use social media integration as a key part of their strategy. Social media sites typically have a developers section that explains different ways for applications to integrate with their services. Services that provide a REST API can be used from almost any web framework. However, there is often information that is specific to your language of choice. For example, Twitter provides a list of available libraries that support the Twitter API, including ones for .NET, Node.js, and PHP. This is one example, and you should look for similar developer guidance directly from each social media site that you choose to target.
For ASP.NET developer targeting Facebook, Visual Studio provides a template for an MVC 4 Facebook Application.
For a quick walkthrough of using this template with Websites, see Creating a Facebook app using ASP.NET MVC Facebook Templates and hosting them for free on Azure Websites. For a more detailed tutorial and example application, see ASP.NET MVC Facebook Birthday App and The new Facebook application template and library for ASP.NET MVC.
If you are an ASP.NET developer, it is important to realize that your integration with social media is not limited by templates that Visual Studio provides. A template just helps to make the process simpler. But, as stated earlier, each social media site typically provides information on other ways to connect from .NET and from many other languages and frameworks.
Cloud computing is useful for unpredictable workloads. Digital marketing campaigns fall into this category. It is difficult to predict the popularity of a relatively short-lived marketing site, because a lot depends on capturing user interest and the related social media interactions that drive more traffic to the site. Azure provides several options for scaling both websites and cloud services.
In the Management Portal, go to the Scale tab for your website. There are several options for scaling. The first option determines the website mode, which is set to Free, Shared, or Standard.
Scalability features and options increase with each tier. For example, Free mode sites cannot be scaled out to multiple instances, but Shared sites can be scaled out to 6 instances. You also have the option to scale up by selecting Standard mode. This mode runs your site on dedicated virtual machines and provides machine sizing options of small, medium, and large. After deciding the size of the virtual machine, you also have the option of scaling out to multiple instances. In Standard mode, you can scale out to 10 instances. A full list of the differences between each mode can be found in the pricing guidelines for Web Sites.
When you select Standard mode, you have the additional option of enabling the Autoscale (Preview) feature. This enables you to scale based on CPU. The Target CPU percent is a range of processor utilization that Azure targets for your website instances. If the average CPU is lower than this target, Azure lowers the instance count, because the same load on fewer instances will result in increased utilization on the remaining instances. However, it cannot lower the instance count below the minimum Instance Count value. In the same way, if the average CPU is higher than the Target CPU, Azure increases the number of instances. The same load spread across additional machines has the effect of lowering the CPU utilization on each machine. The number of instances added is limited by the maximum Instance Count value.
Automatic scaling makes much more efficient use of resources. For example, it is possible that digital marketing campaign is most active during nights and weekends. This also effectively handles a scenario where the popularity of a campaign unexpectedly increases. Automatic scaling helps to efficiently handle increased load and then decreases instances (and cost) when the load decreases.
For more information about scaling websites, see How to Scale Web Sites. This subject is also closely tied with monitoring. For more information, see the section in this guide on monitoring your campaign.
For web applications that choose to use cloud services and web roles, there is an additional option to scale based on the length of items in a queue. In a cloud service, roles that process backend queues are a common architecture pattern. For more information on cloud service scaling, see How to Scale a Cloud Service.
A digital marketing site will often incorporate rich media, such as video streaming. Hosting these sites in Azure provides close integration to related Azure services. For example, you can use Azure Media Services to encode and stream video for your website. For more information on Media Services, see Introduction to Azure Media Services Concepts and Scenarios.
Other Azure services can be used to create a more robust application. For example, Websites can use distributed caching provided by the new Azure Cache Service (Preview). Or you can use Azure Storage Services to store application data and resources. For example, graphics, videos, and other large files can be durably stored in blobs. Database services, such as Azure SQL Database and MySQL, are also available for relational data requirements.
The Monitor tab contains metrics that can help you to evaluate the success and performance of your digital marketing site.
For example, you can look at usage patterns and levels by looking at metrics such s CPU Time, Requests, and Data Out. All of these metrics will increase as the marketing campaign becomes more popular. Information about usage can be used to decide when to scale out or up. For more information, see How to Monitor Web Sites.
For Free and Shared modes, you also should be aware of resource quotas. On the Dashboard tab, the portal shows the current usage statistics of several quotas and when these quotas will be reset. These usage statistics vary depending on your selected mode. The following screenshot shows the statistics displayed for Free mode. In Shared mode, you do not have a quota for Data Out. In Standard mode, it displays only File System Storage and Size.
If you find that you're getting close to exhausting these quotas, consider moving from Free to Shared or from Shared to Standard. In Standard mode, you have dedicated resources on one or more small, medium, or large virtual machines.
In addition to using the Management Portal for this information, there are a number of third-party tools that provide advanced monitoring data for your websites. For example, you can install a New Relic add-on from the Azure Store. For a walkthrough on using New Relic for monitoring, see New Relic Application Performance Management on Azure.
Finally, Standard mode websites can enable endpoint monitoring and alerting. An endpoint monitor regularly attempts to reach your website and then reports on response time. Alerts provide email notifications if the response time exceeds a specified threshold. For more information, see the monitoring section of the Global Web Presence scenario and the topic, How to: Receive Alert Notifications and Manage Alert Rules in Azure.
Azure Websites are a good choice for reusable web content that is customized for individual marketing campaigns. Websites supports many of the popular languages, frameworks, and source control systems, making it easier to migrate to these assets and workflows to the Cloud. The ASP.NET Facebook Application template makes it easier to create Facebook applications, but you can use almost any third-party social media integration that supports web interfaces. Azure Media Services and other related services on Azure provide additional tools to construct a well-designed campaign site. And the multiple manual and automatic scaling options are useful to handle user demand, which can be hard to predict. For more information, see the following technical articles.
Want to edit or suggest changes to this content? You can edit and submit changes to this article using GitHub.


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Vibration technology point level switch easy to install and use
The TF-100 series vibration technology point level switch has been added to the company's extensive line of level measurement products. Its tuning fork provides a reliable, no calibration solution to point level measurement of clean liquids and is available with relay, current, or PNP outputs. The compact 316L stainless steel sensor is offered in both standard and sanitary versions. Typical applications include high- and low-level indication, overfill prevention, and pump "run dry" protection. The unit is inserted into a vessel so that the sensing element is positioned at the desired high- or low-level indication point. When the material level reaches a predetermined point on the sensing element, it causes a change in status in the electronic unit, resulting in an alarm output that can be used to operate alarms, annunciators, valves, or other controls or indicators.


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WIMMERA Health Care Group chief executive Chris Scott believes a proposed $6 doctor's fee would also need to extend to general practitioner-type services provided by hospitals.
The fee proposal is in a sub-mission to the Federal Government's Commission of Audit by former health adviser to Tony Abbott, Terry Barnes.
Mr Barnes wrote the submission on behalf of the Australian Centre for Health Research.
It suggests bulk-billed patients be charged $6 to visit general practitioners, saving the Federal Government $750 million over four years.
"If the fee was introduced then I believe there should be a composite fee applied to emergency attendances," Mr Scott said.
He said the composite fee should only apply to triage category four or five patients, not emergency categories one to three.
Mr Scott said extending the fee to all general practitioner-type services would deliver a consistent message.
"The emergency department is clearly for emergencies, and we would encourage people to either contact the nurse on call or their general practice for non-emergency medical requirements," he said.
Last year Mr Scott urged residents to consult their doctors for non-urgent medical issues as patient demand for urgent care services surged.
He said the number of people seeking non-urgent medical care at the health service's emergency department had since decreased.
"It is good to see people are visiting their GPs and being able to have a relationship with their doctor and consistent medical history," he said.
He said Wimmera Health Care Group was the only one of three of the region's health services that would be able to collect a fee.
"We've got a 24-7 manned reception, so that wouldn't be an issue," Mr Scott said.
Leaders at West Wimmera Health Service, Edenhope and District Memorial Hospital and Rural Northwest Health said last week the proposed fee would be an administrative nightmare.
"We currently don't charge anyone in urgent care and the cost of having someone to administer the charge is not financially viable from our end," Rural Northwest Health chief executive Catherine Morley said.
Mr Barnes said his proposal was one of many the Commission of Audit would consider as part of a health spending review.
He believed his proposal was sound and fair, but said he would be willing to debate other ways to ensure fair access and to keep Medicare sustainable.
Minister for Health Peter Dutton declined to comment on the proposal.
"The commission's work is still being compiled and will be provided to the government in 2014," he said.
"The Federal Government will be able to consider any recommendations and respond after that time."


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Todd Watkins
Todd Watkins is the Director of the Entrepreneurship Program and Director of the Microfinance Program at Lehigh University. Watkins holds PhD and MPP degrees in Public Policy from Harvard University and a BS in Optics from the University of Rochester. Watkins' research and teaching focus on the intersection of innovation, entrepreneurship, public policy, and economics.
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After the high school bowling season was up, Great Bend's Miranda Hejny knew she had a choice to make.
HILLSBORO - Larned freshman Colton Massey played even-par 70 to capture medalist honors at the Central Kansas League golf tournament at Hillsboro Municipal Golf Course. Massey carded five birdies and eagled the 479-yard par 5 eighth hole to offset seven bogeys.
HOISINGTON - Hoisington High School will be hosting a Class 4A Division-II Regional Softball Tournament on Tuesday at Logan Field.
LIBERAL - Great Bend High School's boys' golf team placed fourth at the Liberal Invitational on Tuesday.
LARNED - Larned High School's baseball team (14-4) swept Nickerson Tuesday 10-3 and 5-3 to secure the No. 1 seed for Monday's Larned regional.
MAIZE - Offensive struggles led Great Bend High School's softball team to their first back-to-back losses of the season.
HAYS - League rivals Larned (10-6) and Ellinwood (11-7) will meet at 4 p.m. today in the MCAA Tournament at Thomas More Prep.
CIMMARON - The Central Plains High School boys' tennis team qualified two doubles teams for the Class 3-1A State Tournament, which will be held on Friday and Saturday in Goddard.
On Friday, Great Bend High School's Grant Harris will compete in the Class 5A State Tennis Tournament in Topeka.
Wilson's Marcus Denham won the boys' shot put event with a 44' 8" throw at the Barton County Community College High School track meet Friday in Great Bend.
CLAFLIN - The Central Plains Oilers won the Central Plains Quadrangular Monday in Claflin with 30 team points. Fairfield placed second with 13 points; Cimarron scored nine and Trego Community scored eight.
SALINA - Great Bend High School's boys' track and field team finished in fifth place at the Salina Central meet on Friday.
ELLINWOOD - The Ellinwood High School track and field teams won their own invitational on Friday.
Lace up your cleats.
Page 1 of 1


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Updated Nov 14, 2012 - 5:07 pm
About 141K ballots still to be counted in Maricopa County
By KTAR Newsroom
Originally published: Nov 14, 2012 - 3:26 pm
Originally published: Nov 14, 2012 - 3:26 pm
About 141,000 ballots remain to be counted in Maricopa County, said Maricopa County Recorder Helen Purcell in a release.
The county counted 18,731 early ballots and 8,489 provisional ballots on Wednesday.
Purcell estimated that 27,000 early ballots have yet to be counted and 114,000 provisional ballots are awaiting certification.
Arizona Sec. of State Ken Bennett said there are an estimated 192,337 earl and provisional ballots statewide that have yet to be counted.
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A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
The Parallel Bible. The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments translated out of the Original Tongues: being the Authorised Version arranged in parallel columns with the Revised Version (Oxford University Press, 1885). The First Book of Kings. http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/2020,
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The King James only version from the Oxford parallel version of the Old and New Testaments with the King James Version in one column and the revised Version in another column.
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This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit.


text:
- BMW says 2006will be best in its history
BMW is predicting that this will be its best year ever, with pre-tax profit rising by 22% to four… 15/03/06 07:03 CET
- Deutsche Boerse wants merger talks with Euronext
A merger between Germany's Deutsche Boerse and the pan-European Euronext exchange seems to… 15/03/06 07:03 CET
world news
- The three foreigners being held hostage in the Gaza strip have reportedly been freed
The two French nationals and a South Korean were among nine foreigners kidnapped in a wave of… 15/03/06 12:03 CET
- Palestinian gunmen set demands for releasing journalists held hostage
Palestinian gunmen outraged by a full-scale Israeli raid on a jail in the West Bank town of Jericho… 15/03/06 08:03 CET
- Italians watch inconclusive TV election debate
The first television duel forming a key part of the Italian election campaign has taken place. The… 15/03/06 08:03 CET
- Spain struggles with African migrant flow
Alarm bells are ringing in Spain after the discovery of 18 bodies of African migrants. Madrid is… 15/03/06 07:03 CET
- UK naked pension protest as government is slammed
Angry British pensioners have braved the London cold by stripping to their underpants – to put… 15/03/06 07:03 CET
- Judge closes court to media as Saddam uses trial to incite violence
Saddam Hussein has formally taken the stand for the first time in his own defence. But the… 15/03/06 07:03 CET
- Commuter chaos as general strike hits Greece
Public and private sector unions in Greece have brought most of the country to a standstill. … 15/03/06 07:03 CET
- Hostages safe but tensions high in the Middle East
Three foreigners held hostage in the Gaza Strip have been released. The journalists – two French… 15/03/06 07:03 CET


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Current FAQs
Informing the public about the Federal Reserve
Featured Questions
Money, Interest Rates, and Monetary Policy
- Why are interest rates being kept at a low level?
- What are the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchases?
- How will the Federal Reserve ensure that the size of its balance sheet wont lead to excessive inflation?
- Why do the U.S. economic recovery and labor market require ongoing monetary policy support through the purchase of longer-term Treasury securities and agency mortgage-backed securities?
- How does forward guidance about the Federal Reserve's target for the federal funds rate support the economic recovery?
- How do the Federal Reserve's balance sheet measures since the financial crisis relate to the borrowing decisions of the federal government?
Last update: June 18, 2014


text:
View by: Most Popular | Alphabetical A to Z | Map
Everywhere you turn in Bordeaux, exceptional wines are the principal attraction, and one of the most famous areas for wine is the northern region of Medoc. ... Read more
Cimetiere de la Chartreuse
The Cimetiere de la Chartreuse, in the center of Bordeaux, often invites comparisons with Paris' Pere Lachaise cemetery. They both offer a tranquil (if ... Read more
Quinconces Square (Esplanade des Quinconces)
The Quinconces Square (known locally as the Esplanade de Quinconces) certainly impresses with its size - at 12 hectares (30 acres) it's one of Europe's ... Read more
Pomerol is an undersized, wine-oriented village located about 45 minutes east of Bordeaux. But its relatively small size–just 2,000 acres–definitely isn't an ... Read more
Saint-Émilion is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, famous for the catacombs under the town, built on a beautiful spot overlooking the Dordogne valley. The ... Read more
Bay of Arcachon
Planning a wine tasting trip to Bordeaux? Sounds like fun! But after, say, a full week of visiting vineyards and sipping wines, it's going to start to blur ... Read more
Pyla Dune (Dune du Pilat)
The Dune of Pyla (Dune du Pilat) is the tallest sand dune in Europe. Nestled between the Atlantic Ocean, the Arcachon Bay and the luxuriant Landes forest, it ... Read more
Bordeaux Cruise Port
The name Bordeaux most commonly passes our lips when we are talking about French wine, but the city of Bordeaux has more to offer than just its famous ... Read more
Basilique St-Michel (Basilica of St Michael)
The Basilique Saint-Michel is a Gothic gem built between the 14th and 16th centuries. Its charms include an altarpiece depicting the triumph of Michael, its ... Read more
Bordeaux Museum of Fine Arts (Musee des Beaux-Arts)
The Musée des Beaux Arts (or Museum of Fine Arts) is in itself quite beautiful, being housed in the 18th century Hôtel de Ville and set in a park. It ... Read more
Grand Theatre
The Grand Théâtre may look like a solid marble temple, with its sweeping Neo-Classical lines and collection of goddesses, but it's actually built on ... Read more
Musee d'Aquitaine
The Musée d'Aquitaine has been open since the late 18th century and its collection spans from pre-history to the present day. A section of the Lescaux ... Read more
Palais Gallien
Way back in 56BC, Bordeaux was under Roman rule and was called Burdigala. Practically nothing remains of this period in the city's history - except the ruins ... Read more


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Frequently Asked Questions
How often do I need to be online for this program?
You must be online sufficiently throughout each week to participate in threaded discussions and to complete all assignments by their designated deadlines. However, there is no prescribed amount of time or designated time that you will be required to be online because assignments and their deadlines will vary throughout each course.
Will I have to complete any part of my program at an APU campus location?
No. You can complete your degree entirely online. No campus visits or meetings are required.
How do I get started?
For more information on how to get started in an APU online graduate program, please contact one of our admissions counselors in the Office of Graduate Admissions at (626) 815-4570 or at firstname.lastname@example.com.
How long is a semester?
All courses are offered in accelerated nine-week sessions in fall and spring. For summer, the term lasts six weeks.
How many units do I take each term?
To be classified as a full-time graduate student, one must be enrolled in at least 9 total units over the span of a term (Fall, Spring, or Summer). Within each term, students take courses during two, nine-week sessions. For example, a full-time student may take 6 units during the nine-week Fall I session and 3 units during the nine-week Fall II session, for a total of 9 units over the term. Half-time students take at least 3–6 units every nine-week session. Most candidates are working adults and do not take classes full time. Academic advising will help you determine the ideal course load for your schedule.
How soon can I finish this program?
The physical education degree can be finished in 15 months with full-time enrollment. However, it can take longer. Academic advising is highly recommended and can be especially helpful in determining what works best for your personal schedule.


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Discover Adionomy, Your Online Radio Advertising Campaign, Fast, Easy and Custom-Made!
Spanish music group of celtic rock. It was formed in Valladolid (Castilla y León) in 1986. Eight friends, four of which played in the group Almenara decided to participate in a music contest under the name "Colectivo Eurofolk". They won the first prize and continued to play together changing their name to Celtas Cortos. They won another contest in April 1987, the prize was the production of an album. They shared the prize with two other winners, so they contributed three songs to the album Así es como suena: Folk joven.
Coming Undone Wit It


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FORT WORTH — A Fort Worth man with a dozen prior convictions was sentenced on Wednesday to 99 years in prison for raping a child and attempting to sell her for sex.
Ricky Davis, 30, will serve two consecutive 99-year terms. It took the jury just 19 minutes on Wednesday to convict him in the case, which is believed the first human trafficking trial prosecuted in Tarrant County.
District Attorney's Office spokeswoman Melody McDonald said Davis knew the 12-year-old he was convicted of assaulting since she was a baby. Prosecutor Eric Nickols told the jury that Davis was "an uncle-like figure in her life." He attended church the morning of August 19, 2012 with the girl and her family and then gathered at their home afterward.
Later that day, Davis invited the victim to his east Fort Worth residence, where he lived with his girlfriend and her three children. McDonald said he sent them to run errands after the girl arrived and raped her before they returned. Afterward, he took her to a bar in the 3300 block of East Lancaster Ave. and told her to say "yes" to any man he brought to the car.
The prosecutor said he told his victim "that she was going to make him some money."
Davis went into the bar and told two men that he had a young girl in his car who would have sex with them for $50. The two went outside, but turned Davis down upon seeing how young the girl was. One of the men, McDonald said, told the bouncer, who rescued the girl from Davis's car and hid her in the bar until police arrived.
"This defendant praised Jesus with the girl and her family that morning, then raped and tried to sell her that night," Nicols said in a prepared statement. "That is utterly revolting."
Davis drove home and was confronted by his girlfriend about where the girl was. In response, he assaulted and choked her, McDonald said.
The jury was told in the punishment phase that Davis was a gang member and had 12 previous convictions for robbery, burglary and assault. He also had a tattoo of a middle finger on his neck with the phrase, "A—hole since 1983" under it.


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Routes Sorted
L to R R to L Alpha
To find this climb, look for a very featured slab below a very prominent crescent arch crack that forms a roof. Begin climbing up a highly featured (dikes) face below the arch to the roof, about 50ft of unprotected 5.5
Cams, doubles to 2". Bring many long slings, you will need them on almost every placement.


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A group gathered outside
Progress N.C. is a
left-leaning advocacy group. They stuck plastic pink flamingoes in the
courthouse lawn to remind people of Florida.
They said voter ID and
early voting restrictions would create unbearable lines and outrageous wait
times to vote, much like Florida during the 2011 election.
'Instead of reducing the
number of people that can participate in our democracy, we should be
encouraging people to participate and just simply putting up more barriers is
the opposite direction we should be going," said Justin Guillory, Progress N.C.
But the group appears to
be in the minority. 75-percent of North Carolinians are in favor of the photo ID
3221 South Evans StreetGreenville N.C. 27834
Telephone: 252.355.8500
Fax: 252.355.8568
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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"Tastes so good, you'll forget you're eating a vegetable! I used a whole head of garlic and didn't add the cheese." – justinh
Recipe of the Day
Lemon Pepper Zucchini
Sliced zucchini coated in butter and lemon pepper and baked.
Similar Recipes | More Daily Recipes
This simple chilled bean salad is dressed with olive oil and wine vinegar.
Staff Picks
Passover Apples and Honey (Charoset)
Matzo Apple Kugel
Quinoa Almond Pilaf
Whole Rice and Lentils (Majadara)
Steamed Zucchini
Orange Juice Tzimmes
Old Fashioned Potato Kugel
Fennel in Wine and Honey
Seder Side Dishes
Roasted Garlic Cauliflower
Pan-Fried Asparagus
Garlic Red Potatoes
Asparagus Parmesan
Candied Carrots
Quinoa Side Dish
Bella's Rosemary Red Potatoes
Orange Glazed Carrots
Roast Potatoes
Roasted Beets and Sauteed Beet Greens
Balsamic Glazed Carrots
Roasted Garlic Mashed Potatoes
Honey Ginger Carrots
Carrots in Dill Butter
Baked Mushrooms
Simply Steamed Asparagus
The Best Steamed Asparagus
Herby Roasted Potato Wedges
End summer with a bang with festive Labor Day recipes.
Send them to school with good-for-you food that's tasty, too.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and helpful cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for just $7.99!
A quick, simple, sensational side dish that's out of the ordinary.
See how to make a delicious bean and beef side dish.
Here's a simple veggie and quinoa side that's perfect for the holiday season.


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MEMPHIS, TN (WMC-TV) - Voters in Memphis have approved a referendum that transfers control of Memphis City Schools to Shelby County.
47,812 voted yes for the surrender, while 23,612 voted no. Officials at the Shelby County Election Commission said 17 percent of eligible voters cast a ballot, a low turnout considering the heated discussion surrounding the schools merger issue.
As it became clear the referendum would pass, Memphis Mayor A C Wharton spoke positively about what the surrender would mean for the city and county.
"It's not a time to celebrate because the rough part of the journey just begins," Wharton said. "There might be some choppy seas and some rough air, but in the end, once this is all done, I think we'll be a stronger city and county as a result of this."The cash-strapped Memphis City Schools board voted last December to surrender its charter and turn over control to the more successful Shelby County system, which includes public schools outside the city limits.Opponents argue that the move was made without planning, and could stretch resources to the point that jobs could be cut.The issue has proven contentious.A diverse group of Memphis-area ministers came out in support of consolidation, while local union chapters and a separate contingent of Memphis-area religious leaders opposed the merger.
Shelby County School Board Chairman David Pickler and other county leaders also opposed consolidation, upset that county voters outside the city limits were left out of the decision.
State lawmakers stepped into the fray as well. Republican lawmakers quickly passed and the governor signed a law that delays the merger for three years.Now that the surrender has been approved, a transition team will be assembled to oversee the consolidation process and the county school board will be expanded from the current seven members to 25.
Results of Tuesday's vote should be certified in weeks. Shelby County Election Commission chairman Bill Giannini explained how the referendum results would be certified."The vote will go through an audit," he said. "We have two separate audit firms that will audit the vote, and we will work through the certification process as we always do. The vote will be certified within three weeks. Then it's official at that point."
Meanwhile, leaders who supported the charter surrender from the start watched voters approve their vision Tuesday.
Citizens for Better Education organizers were among those somewhat surprised by the margin of victory. They called it a testament to the power of a grassroots campaign.
"When I was driving over to headquarters today, I saw a lady driving in her car and she had a handmade "vote yes" sign in her front and back window," said the group's Cardell Orrin. "That to me said this is a movement, this is something the community wants."
While happy with the margin of victory, those at a party organized by Citizens for Better Education were disappointed in overall voter turnout. They also said the vote sent a clear message to lawmakers in Nashville that Memphians want to set their own destiny.
MCS commissioners Tomeka Hart and Martavius, who spearheaded the initial effort to get this on the ballot, acknowledged the transition may take years.
Copyright 2011 WMC-TV. All rights reserved. The AP contributed to this story.
1960 Union Ave.
Memphis, TN 38104
(901) 726-0555
FCC Public File
EEO Report
Closed Captioning


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(excluding tripod, bags, filters, CFs, Michael Freeman's books etc...)
Before 2010: Powershot A80 and Powershot S5 IS
2010: (used) 5D classic + 24-105mm F/4 IS L
2011: 70-200mm F/4 IS L and 100mm Macro F/2.8 IS L
A 430 EX II is coming shortly: the expected delivery date is 7 January.
I don't have thoughts for my 2013 wishlist (a second body, aps-c maybe? a fifth lens?).
But I could simply wait and make a (relatively) high investment in 2014 (6D, 5DIII, who knows?), together with a new computer to handle the new RAW files (my 2007 iMac performs well with 5D classic RAW files, but I wonder how it would deal the >20Megapixel 14bit RAW files).
My 5D classic is still better than me at taking photos.


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Some Douglas County residents joined forces with a local tea party to protest a tax hike on Tuesday.Over the summer, the county commission voted to raise local taxes by 23 percent. Tuesday's protest was held before that evening's county commission meeting. Local organizers said the county commissioners are behaving like big spending Washington politicians. They proposed a $10 million cut in spending. The group says they have specifics about what can be cut. There is no word if the protest had any sway over county.
WDCA My20 & my20dc.com5151 Wisconsin Ave NWWashington, DC 20016Phone: (202) 244-5151Email Us


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Comic strip artist Mike Krahulik, better known as Penny Arcade's Gabe, was an early adopter of Microsoft's Surface Pro — writing favorably about the original version of the tablet last year from the perspective of an artist who uses a digital pen in combination with Photoshop and sketching programs. Krahulik is already using the new Surface Pro 3, on loan… Read More
PAX to feature 'Diversity Hub & Lounge' following controversies
According to a report by Indie Statik, this year's upcoming Penny Arcade Expos will feature a "Roll for Diversity Hub & Lounge," based on documents leaked by somebody close to Penny Arcade's plans, which Kotaku says have been verified by the company. The move follows a number of related controversies surrounding Penny Arcade, the Seattle-based… Read More
Penny Arcade shutters video network and news site
Seattle area-based gaming comic Penny Arcade has decided to roll back its empire-building plans. The Penny Arcade Report, the company's video game news site, has shut its doors, and Penny Arcade TV, the company's platform for gaming-related videos, will no longer release new content from third parties come January 1. The fourth season of Penny… Read More
Inside PAX's 6-Hour Sellout: 'The crush was insane'
At 10:38 AM Wednesday, the Bat-Signal for gaming geeks lit up Seattle's cloudy skies: It's time!PAX Prime badges have gone live!prime.paxsite.com/registration — PAX (@Official_PAX) April 17, 2013 Tickets for the tenth annual Penny Arcade Expo (PAX Prime)—running four days for the first time this year over Labor Day weekend—went on sale this week, but if… Read More
Stylus Points: Why Penny Arcade's Gabe is a fan of Microsoft's Surface Pro
Standard product reviews are fine, but we're big fans of people actually incorporating new technologies into their daily routines and reporting back on what happens. And among those types of reviews, it doesn't get more interesting than this piece by Penny Arcade artist Mike Krahulik, better known as Gabe, who documents his experience drawing on… Read More
Penny Arcade raises $528k on Kickstarter — no home page ads for a year
Chalk up another big milestone for the crowdfunding phenomenon. Penny Arcade raised more than $528,000 from its fans in a Kickstarter campaign that ended yesterday, clearing the way for the Seattle-based webcomic and events company to remove all of the ads from its home page for a year. It's a notable change in the company's… Read More
Penny Arcade's Kickstarter project aims to dump site ads
Everybody's doing Kickstarter, so why not Gabe and Tycho, too? That's the news today from Penny Arcade, the Seattle-based media and conference company that has grown up around the popular Penny Arcade Expo events and Penny Arcade webcomic, featuring the alter egos of writer Jerry Holkins and artist Mike Krahulik. Penny Arcade has launched a Kickstarter… Read More
Valve's hardware ambitions revealed by Penny Arcade's new 'PA Report'
In case you missed the news last month, the guys behind the hit Penny Arcade webcomic have hired veteran video-game journalist Ben Kuchera, formerly of Ars Technica, and over the weekend they launched their new PA Report, with the lofty aspiration of producing "industry coverage you can read without holding your nose." So far, so… Read More
Oblivious game-accessory marketer turns unhappy customer into PR disaster
Today's lesson in customer relations — as in, what not to do — comes from this painfully entertaining email thread in which a marketing rep for a video-game controller is first incredibly insensitive to a customer's inquiry about a shipping delay, and then unbelievably oblivious to the influence of the Seattle-based Penny Arcade webcomic and… Read More
Rewind: How Penny Arcade is building its business — and how it isn't
Our guest this past week on the GeekWire podcast/radio show was Robert Khoo, the president of Penny Arcade — the Seattle company behind the hit Penny Arcade webcomic and the popular Penny Arcade Expos (better known as PAX) in Seattle and Boston. As part of the conversation, we delved into the company's growth strategy, and… Read More
GeekWire Show: Bezos' clock, Mix-A-Lot's game, and the story of Penny Arcade
This week on the GeekWire Show, we explain Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos' plan to build a 10,000-year clock inside a Texas mountain; talk about Sir Mix-A-Lot's latest technological innovations; and offer a reality check on the rumors that Seattle's PopCap Games — maker of "Bejeweled" and "Plants vs. Zombies" — is in talks to be… Read More
Name that Tech Tune: What is this classic arcade game?
[Updated below with answer and winners] This week on the GeekWire podcast and radio show, we have a new installment of our Name That Tech Tune contest, with an audio clip selected in honor of our in-studio guest, Robert Khoo of Penny Arcade — the Seattle-based media company behind the hit Penny Arcade webcomic and… Read More
Nerd Notes: A dad embarrasses his kid for a year and Peanuts on Twitter
Microsoft releases a teaser trailer for Halo 4. Master Chief is still a mega hunk, sporting a mega gun. Tetris had a birthday earlier this week (27 years old!). Here are 10 facts about your favorite unbeatable game. Introducing the Talk-o-Meter app. The passive aggressive department's R&D is starting to pay off. When Peanuts met… Read More
Nerd Notes: Whales inspire pianos, bugs inspire robots and marijuana inspires Ziggy
How to fix any computer by The Oatmeal. Kohler introduces new $6,000 "smart" toilet. The perfect place to spend the day listening to music, heating your feet and spritzing your biz. You know what they say about Tweeting and the length of your relationship… Meet Hector, the insect inspired robot. He's a total creep. There's… Read More
Penny Arcade expands empire with new developer event
Interesting news this weekend from the team behind the ever-growing Penny Arcade Expo, better known as PAX: Building on the momentum from their perennially sold-out event in Seattle and their new installment in Boston, they're adding a new conference to the lineup, specifically — and exclusively — for game developers. The new PAX Dev 2011… Read More


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DeAndreis-Rosati Memorial Archives
The archival collections of the Western Province of the Congregation of the Mission are administered by the DePaul University Library's Special Collections and Archvies Department. Known as the DeAndreis-Rosati Memorial Archives (DRMA), these collections were moved to Chicago, Illinois in 2001 from Saint Mary's of the Barrens Seminary in Perryville, Missouri and in 2010 from St. Vincent de Paul Center in Montebello, California. In accordance with its legal and canonical responsibilities, the Western Province retains ownership and through its provincial superior determines access and use policies.
Browse by Name
Browse by Subject


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It took nearly half the season, but Beanie Wells has finally taken hold of the Cardinals' featured back job — and the fantasy value that goes with it.
Named the starter over Tim Hightower late last week, Wells responded with 16 carries for 50 yards and a TD in Sunday's narrow loss to the Buccaneers. While it might not have been the offensive outburst that owners were hoping for, it was a harbinger of things to come.
Those concerned with Hightower taking away carries from Beanie, especially at the goal line, don't need to worry about that any longer. The former starter had just one rush on Sunday, and he has been outcarried by Wells 50-11 over the past three games. Arizona was simply tired of Hightower's fumbling issues, so it's unlikely he will have a significant role anytime soon.
Meanwhile, Wells should continue to build on this performance. He was almost always effective when he saw around 15 carries in his rookie season, and he could get closer to 20 per game in the weeks to come as the Cards try to emphasize the run more. Given his ability to break long runs and pick up tough yards, he has a boatload of upside in the second half.


text: Sandra Lynn Ruf and Daniel Lee Leising were united in marriage June 12, 2010. The double ring ceremony was held at 1:30 p.m. at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Rushville with Father Bill Turner officiating. The bride is the daughter of Donald and Angela Ruf of Milroy. The bride's grandmother, Alice Kaiser, was in attendance. The groom is the son of Marvin and Linda Leising of Milroy. The groom's grandmother, Martha Blankman, also was in attendance. The Matron of Honor was Katrina Lee of Rushville, friend of the bride. Bridesmaids were Jan Willhelm of Connersville, friend of the couple; Tonya Ruf of Milroy, sister-in-law of the bride; and Melinda Kulpinski of Greensburg, sister of the groom. The best man was Mike Leising of Milroy, brother of the groom. Groomsmen were Kevin Leising of Rushville, brother of the groom; Sam Ruf of Milroy, brother of the bride; and Steven Ruf of Rushville, brother of the bride. The ringbearer was Daniel Kulpinski of Greensburg, nephew of the groom. Flower girl was Emma Ruf of Connersville, cousin of the bride. The organist was Bryce Ruf of Connersville, cousin of the bride. Vocalist was Brianne Leising of Connersville, cousin of the groom. Allison Kaiser, cousin of the bride, registered guests. Stephen and Michael Kulpinski of Greensburg, nephews of the groom, passed out programs. The bride wore an ivory satin gown featuring ruching on the sweetheart bodice in a delicate chiffon accented with crystal and soft blue beading. The left side pleats of the gown cascaded to a full skirt and cathedral train, also accented with crystal and soft blue beading. She wore a rhinestone tiara in her hair. The bride's jewelry was a diamond cross necklace, a gift from the groom. Her bouquet was ivory roses adorned with ivy, teal babies breath and crystal beading. A reception followed the ceremony at the Knights of Columbus Hall in Rushville. Reception servers were Gretchen Smith and Michelle Gettinger. Cake servers were Becca Ruf and Andrea Ruf. The rehearsal dinner was served at Dutch Mill Buffet in Milroy. The bride is a 1998 graduate of Rushville Consolidated High School and a 1998 graduate of Connersville Area Vocational School. She works in the dietary department at Rush Memorial Hospital. The groom is a 1999 graduate of Rushville Consolidated High School and a 2001 graduate of The University of Northwestern Ohio with an associate degree in mechanics. He is a technician at Smith Implements in Rushville. The couple is planning a wedding trip this fall. They will reside in Rushville.