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In the wake of U.S. President George Bush's trip to several African nations, and after his State of the Union speech declaring $15 billion of spending for global AIDS prevention and care, American newspapers have rallied in support of the "compassionate conservatism" represented by Bush's "commitment" to anti-AIDS efforts. In fact, the $15 billion number has turned out to be an inflated figure, as most of the money is recycled from existing spending, with only $1.4 billion appropriated this year (and little indication of renewal in subsequent years) [1]. But while many persons have pointed out the difference between dramatic declarations and actual appropriations, the money's final destination has been left mostly unexamined. Not only is the funding circumventing the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria, being spent almost entirely through bilateral USAID initiatives known for their inefficacy (and diversion towards abstinence-only, anti-abortion initiatives), but just as importantly the majority of funds are being spent in line with a common and fallacious public health dogma: that "information is everything", and preventing the spread of HIV means "promoting education" [1-5].
This "health belief model" seems intuitive and obvious: if people just know how HIV is transmitted (and stop being in "denial" about it)–the rhetoric goes–the transmission of HIV will diminish [6]. Sounds credible enough. But this logic, often promoted by international financial institutions, ignores most of the available data we now have on AIDS prevention initiatives [2]. For example, while the development banks and others have promoted the Ugandan government's education program as a "model" (at one point claiming that effective "bereavement counseling" in the country was a reason for praise, rather than preventing deaths to begin with [7]), the Ugandan "model" appears to be promoted without much examination of the country's records. Certainly, prevention initiatives in Uganda have reduced HIV prevalence among some populations. But the prevalence rates have increased in some sections of Uganda while decreasing in others; in particular, physicians at the wealthier urban antenatal clinics have observed a decrease in prevalence among their patients, while AIDS prevalence has not been similarly affected in many of the rural and poorer zones where 87% of the population lives. What is often ignored is that even in sectors where prevalence (the number of living people with HIV infection) has reduced, the reduction has not necessarily corresponded to a decline in incidence (new cases) but rather to an increase in deaths, and in those few locales where incidence has decreased it has corresponded most frequently to the effect of changes in social demography rather than to the government's education initiatives [8].
What is particularly problematic about the Ugandan "model" is that the political advocacy surrounding it makes several wrong assumptions. Given that the top epidemiological predictor for HIV infection around the world is not a "risk behavior" but rather a low income level, those most vulnerable to HIV infection will not significantly benefit from a model focused exclusively on education–a model that assumes people in poverty have sufficient agency to control the circumstances of their lives, even in the context of gender inequality or in locations without income opportunities other than trading sex for money [9-15]. As Dr. Paul Farmer and colleagues recently noted, "Their risk stems less from ignorance and more from the precarious situations in which hundreds of millions live" [7]. And dozens of surveys support this fact, confirming that–despite our presumptions–those most at risk for HIV often do know how the virus is transmitted, and even the highest prevalence areas have sex rates lower than in many regions of the U.S. and Japan [13, 16-20]. Sex is not as much the issue as the context under which sex occurs, yet public health workers studying AIDS are guilty of trying to define an African "system of sexuality" and render sexual behavior the problem rather than examining why sex among the poor seems to lead to HIV transmission so much more often than sex among the wealthy [21-24].
In interviews, those most vulnerable regularly discuss other concerns about life (access to clean water and food, gaining financial independence, and so forth) that take precedence over preventing HIV transmission [19, 25-30]. Yet the "targeted" public health rhetoric ignores these issues and even equates the concerns of the poor with the rhetoric of politicians by labeling both "in denial" [30, 31]. In the South African mining sector, for example, a group of psychologists recently established that the norm of "masculinity" (expressed through soliciting prostitutes) in South African "culture" increases the risk of HIV transmission among miners [32]. To locate "culture" as the problem is to ignore the perspectives of the miners themselves (who, in fact, are from a variety of different locations as distinct as rural Malawi and central Soweto). As one miner put it: "Every time you go underground you have to wear a lamp on your head. Once you take on that lamp you know that you are wearing death. Where you are going you are not sure whether you will come back to the surface alive or dead. It is only with luck if you come to the surface still alive because everyday somebody gets injured or dies"[32].
In the context of a 42% injury rate, it would be natural to think that catching a disease that could kill you ten years down the road might be less pressing than trying to gain some control over life–or perhaps even enjoying life in some minor way (through alcohol or sex) before getting crushed by falling rock. But the psychologists who quoted this miner (and published their analysis in a top-ranked medical journal) labeled him "in denial," and claimed that his "low self-esteem" was the cause of his increased risk for HIV infection [32]. A similar survey among prostitutes labeled them "liars" (in "denial" of their agency) when they attributed their prostitution to lack of education and job opportunities and to coercion [25].
"Culture" (whether a distant African one or a "culture of poverty" among the poor in wealthy countries) is often described as a barrier to effective intervention, assumed to be a fixed, unalterable thing defined by the dominant groups in power, while the marginalized have no culture themselves or are guilty of having a sub-culture that renders them vulnerable to HIV or promotes crime and delinquency [20, 21, 33-38]. Denial, stigma and conspiracy theories are taken to be the "cultural" causes rather than the social effects of political and economic problems. At other points, culture is focused upon to devise "culturally-competent" solutions to change the low efficacy of HIV prevention initiatives [39, 40]. In both of these cases, "culture" is conflated with the structural violence of inequality and lack of access to resources–and when these issues are unaddressed, even the most "culturally-competent" prevention initiatives still focus on merely co-opting local culture to suit the needs of "targeted" interventions [41]. In this context, even after messages are adapted to "local norms" (ignoring the universal context of HIV-transmission, that of inequality and lack of access to resources), "providing information about health risks changes the behavior of, at most, one in four people–generally those who are more affluent and better educated" according to a recent systematic review of evidence in the British Medical Journal [42]. Even if the currently best-performing education initiatives were to cover the entire globe in just 2 years from now (a very, very big "if"), such programs would still leave a rate of transmission equivalent to 1.5 million new cases per year according to the public health community's most advanced models [43].
In response to accumulating data that many education initiatives are failing to work in the poorest of areas (those hardest hit by AIDS), the public health community is committing another behavioristic mistake; instead of examining the political and economic contexts of prevention, it has returned (unawares, I suspect) to a colonial rhetoric: claiming that the inefficacy of such initiatives is due to the individualistic nature of the interventions, ignoring the "collectivist African traditions" (thereby conflating all of the many social scenes in Africa into one "African system") [39, 42]. In colonial times, "venereal" syphilis among miners (which later turned out to be non-venereal syphilis and yaws) would be explained by the loss of "African traditions," which supposedly promoted female chastity by exerting group control over young women (paralleling the modern "revival"–and partial invention–of "traditions" like virginity testing in the context of AIDS [44]) [45, 46]. Mine workers were simultaneously taught to be individualistic and capitalistic in the mines, then returned to be collectivistic at their rural homes when they became ill (a very "cost-effective" strategy for mine owners to avoid paying for medical care) [18, 47]. The context of illness, and its relationship to miners' position in the economic field of relations, went unquestioned. Now, public health behaviorism aims to solve HIV transmission by holding "group rituals" for education–so, perhaps, the "self-esteem" problems can be pushed aside as "traditions" solve all of the barriers to effective HIV prevention [39, 42].
What this rhetoric ignores and often disguises is that the background for increasing HIV transmission is a background of neoliberalism–a context where the rapid movement of capital is privileged over long-term investment and the ability of persons to secure their own livelihoods. Increases in forced migration are strongly correlated with some of the most significant increases in HIV transmission across southern Africa, East Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America (although few members of the public health community have addressed this fact), and such migration most often occurs when rural agricultural sectors are destroyed after the liberalization of markets and the subsequent drop in primary commodity prices, which leads (mostly male) laborers to find work in urban centers and leave their families behind [13, 48, 49]. In sectors of southern Africa, miners are housed in all-male barracks for months at a time, worked six days a week, and given alcohol to "keep them happy" (or keep them from rebelling) on the seventh day–when intoxication and depression lead to the solicitation of prostitutes. Similar circumstances have been documented throughout East Asia [48]. The men are returned home to die, and find that either their wives have left them to find a better source of income and support, have entered prostitution themselves to generate income, or are waiting for their husbands to return home (and infect them with HIV) [13]. The "rural women's epidemic" of HIV–that is the sub-epidemics of women in rural zones who have been infected by their migrant male husbands (most of whom have already died at the time of surveys)–is not so "surprising" or "unusual" in this context [48].
AIDS, then, is a symptom as much as it is a disease. In the context of the new South African Customs Union (SACU) trade agreement with the United States, it will be a most severe symptom. The SACU deal promotes rapid liberalization and the movement of capital over the securing of stable investment and employment, privileging companies who wish to setup base temporarily and shift capital at will. If similar deals in East Asia and the Caribbean are any indication, both TB and HIV will increase markedly in this context as forced migration and poverty render "monogamous marriage" a nonsensical idea and commit both women and men in poverty to constant movement to find new sources of income wherever they can [13, 48].
The SACU deal also links this neoliberal context to the distribution of resources, particularly medicines, which are often discussed through a rhetoric divorced from the context of HIV prevention. The trade deal will render generic medicines extremely difficult to procure, providing more than two-decade-long monopoly for patented medicines [50]. Public health officials have not strongly voiced their opposition to this (leaving NGOs and activists to take on the task), and have focused on the "cost-effective" prevention initiatives instead. The "prevention versus treatment" dichotomy should have been defeated by the numerous models indicating that access to vital health resources like antiretroviral drugs is part of the process of improving livelihoods, rather than being dichotomously opposed to effective disease prevention. Indeed, effective treatment provision often helps to reduce stigma, denial and blame (which should be intuitive, since there are few things as stigmatizing as a death sentence), in addition to reducing HIV transmission [51, 52]. Brazil has certainly demonstrated this definitively, having reduced HIV prevalence (and incidence) after providing universal access to antiretrovirals. Despite being threatened by the US Trade Representative for producing generic medicines, Brazil has allowed the use of generics, saving the country hundreds of millions of dollars and reducing HIV prevalence by over 50% [52].
Development banks and public health academics have claimed that such measures are not "cost-effective" in the manner of education initiatives (which themselves are declared cost-effective by predicting "high return on investments" in spite of data to the contrary). But "cost-effectiveness" is not based on a law of nature–in its current form, the means for calculating such effectiveness assumes that distinct health interventions are competing with one another, as if all health outcomes were pulling from the same pot of money, and their overall effects on society would be discrete whether or not a plague is taking place [41, 53, 54]. This logic, like the "health belief model," seems intuitive, but it is notable that not all societies think this way; indeed, many assume instead that health is multiplicative–that healthiness among some members of society contributes to healthiness among others as the ability to work and participate in society are promoted by the lack of disease [55]. As WHO senior advisor Jim Yong Kim recently declared, "For years, we have assumed that health spending must be pulled from a fixed pot of money, without examining who determines how big the pot is or how ill health plays upon the maintenance of the economy and general society." Brazil decided to counter the World Bank claims about the "cost-ineffectiveness" of its programs by calculating the "cost-effectiveness" differently; when it took into account the cost of hospitalizations saved by properly treating AIDS patients and thereby preventing them from having recurring opportunistic infections (reducing hospital visits by 80%), and included the costs of mass death to the Brazilian economy and society, the prices of antiretrovirals suddenly seemed quite affordable [52].
Yet in this context, a new rhetoric against generic medicines was deployed to counter the idea that other countries could follow Brazil's path. The US Trade Representative threatened Argentina, Thailand, South Africa and other countries when all of them attempted to regulate the prices of pharmaceuticals or introduce competition into the monopolistic patent regimes [56]. The USTR's claim was that generic drug use would reduce innovation, but like many claims about AIDS, this one ignored all of the available data. According to the industry's own tax records (obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission), Merck last year spent 13% of its revenue on marketing and only 5% on R&D, Pfizer spent 35% on marketing and only 15% on R&D, and the industry overall spent 27% on marketing and 11% on R&D [57]. Most AIDS drugs were produced through public financing (even through the clinical trials stages), and 85% of the basic and applied research for the top five selling drugs on the market were produced through taxpayer funding [58]. Meanwhile, all of sub-Saharan Africa constitutes only 1.3% of the pharmaceutical market, so as one former pharmaceutical executive put it, allowing generics to enter this market would result in a profit loss to the patent-based industry equivalent to "about three days fluctuation in exchange rates" [59, 60]. But the drug industry's fight for this market and middle-income country markets is serious, as the growing inequality in poor countries under the context of neoliberalism increases the market-share for more expensive patent-based drugs among the wealthy [61].
Realizing the problems with claims about patents and pharmaceuticals, some poor country trade ministers pushed through a deal at the November 2001 WTO trade conference in Doha, Qatar. The resulting "Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health" (referring to the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, or TRIPS, Agreement) would allow poor countries to import generic medicines (especially if they lacked the capacity to produce such medicines themselves) even after strong WTO patent rules were adopted in their national legislation [62]. Although it passed unanimously, the US Trade Representative managed to become the only trade official out of the WTO's 145 member country ministers to block the implementation of the Doha accord [63]. The US often uses similar procedures to import medicines and other goods, but will not allow poor nations to do so. A deadlock still exists as the US insists upon limiting the number of poor countries eligible to import generics. The US has once again co-opted the public health rhetoric, claiming that only a few iconic, extremely-poor countries should be allowed to participate in the deal [61]. Such an exclusionary policy would not only violate the Declaration itself (which claims that the WTO will promote "access to medicines for all" [62]) and deny medicine access to the majority of people who need it, but would destroy economies of scale and other necessary economic means to build efficient and effective generic drug production facilities, and would prevent competition from challenging monopolies and introducing price checks [64, 65]. Such is the nature of "free trade". But to blame the entire problem on the U.S. Trade Representative would be to ignore the fact that several rich country representatives from Europe have also been supporting him, and some poor country representatives are also pandering to the elites in their own nations by trading votes to the U.S. on public health measures for votes from the U.S. on agricultural export deals (again, privileging speculative capital over long-term investment) while avoiding strategies that can increase generic drug access through means that are not currently being blocked by the United States and its allies. Elites who are marginalizing the poor–wherever they may be–are the problem, and in this respect it is perverse that the world's trade organization, built to facilitate rapid capital transfers among the wealthy, is deciding public health outcomes.
The co-opted "culture" rhetoric re-appears under this framework. U.S. presidential candidate Howard Dean, claiming to be the "Democratic wing of the Democratic party," has argued that antiretrovirals are of humanitarian importance but should not be emphasized because they are not as "culturally appropriate" as prevention initiatives; some prominent African country ministers have made similar claims to rationalize their inaction on the issue. Culture once again becomes ammunition for elites to justify inequality. And culture is simultaneously blamed as reports are produced about the increasing prevalence of drug resistance in the U.S. and Europe. Drug resistant strains of viruses emerge when patients intake medicines irregularly, and while the reports of new resistant strains are all from Northern countries, they have been projected onto the South under the assumption that "if drug resistance emerges here, it'll emerge there," particularly in the "cultures of denial" (as The Boston Globe put it) [66-68]. Some public health workers have even suggested that antiretrovirals should only be accessible to those patients "most likely to comply," yet what this denies is that those most likely to comply are those least likely to have HIV–they are the wealthy and the people with resources needed to control the circumstances of their own lives. Drug resistance can be more effectively countered by scaling-up affordable antiretroviral treatment and providing sustained and equitable distribution; resistance propagates most often because people who are denied medicine (usually because of its high cost) are desperate to get it, so a black market flourishes, allowing people to trade medicines as they become available and take improper regimens [51]. The drug resistance excuse is, like most excuses about AIDS, a vestige of past public health excuses, first deployed to suggest that persons with drug-resistant TB should not receive treatment (resulting in multi-drug resistant TB as those people–fated to die–struggled to survive and obtained pills wherever they could). Only when multi-drug resistant TB hit New York City populations did treatment for it suddenly become "cost-effective" [69].
The public health community uses examples like these to suggest that they have no options besides meager education-based interventions. As one group of health workers put it, "as ordinary citizens, we are not in a position to change the political and economic system" [70]. While such an analysis effectively loses the marathon before the race has even started, it also ignores the numerous health models (often constructed by activists rather than public health officials) that have effectively changed political and economic contexts for HIV transmission rather than subscribing to fatalism. In the context of the poorest location in the poorest country in the Western hemisphere (the central plateau of Haiti), a group of physicians has managed to provide free antiretroviral treatment without producing primary resistance, and has effectively begun to stem HIV transmission by providing new models for food provision, income generation and continuity of health care services [7, 51]. In the context of southern Africa, campaigners have forced the Coca-Cola company to change its labor policies and provide family housing, reduce migration-based networks of product distribution, and provide complete health packages including antiretroviral drugs (www.treat-your-workers.org). Similar projects are now affecting the mining companies in South Africa. So the fatalism must be tempered by an awareness of that such models exist, and are now proliferating as those infected and affected by AIDS refuse to sick back and watch the ineffective behavioristic prevention initiatives produced by the public health community. What the health community ignores is that that public health must be less about coercing people into good behavior and more about facilitating better environments for healthiness.
To enact a new paradigm of facilitation, we must examine what the current coercive tendencies ignore. There are many campaigns now focused exclusively on inequality between countries–but these often present the idea that "Third World" starvation will be solved when "First World" people eat less ice cream. Other campaigns suggest that rich nations should help poorer nation-states because it is in their "rational self-interest," although such projects seem to promote little more than bilateral agreements among elites. Indeed, between-country inequality is tremendously problematic. But increasingly the "First versus Third World" rhetoric produces claims that public health has competing interests–for example, between lowering prescription drug costs in wealthy countries and lowering them in poor countries (although the data indicate that the pharmaceutical industry can easily afford both [58])–instead of questioning the rhetoric of "cost-effectiveness" and the zero-sum approach to health provision. We must focus on the inequalities that take place both between and within countries, as these point us toward routes to facilitate better health and tackle political inequalities rather than attempting to coerce people whose life circumstances render the rhetoric of "personal hygiene" ineffective and often ridiculous [71-76]. When we examine within-country inequalities, we begin to see major trends: that the poor (even the relatively poor in wealthy nations) are consistently those whose access to resources and services are cut-off by domestic policies, whether they are located in the poor neighborhoods of Washington D.C. or the mining fields just outside of Johannesburg; that in both rich and poor countries, the rapid short-term accumulation and flight of capital has often promoted temporary migration for labor and threatened the health of the poor; and that AIDS is a symptom of the breakdown of stable relationships that occurs in the context of growing inequalities [12-14, 20, 25, 26, 28, 38, 41, 48, 49, 51, 54, 77-82].
AIDS is effectively a symptom of Empire (using the term in a philosophical sense to denote a decentralized network of hegemonic power relations), which operates by producing inequalities everywhere, keeping resources inequitably distributed so that they may be accumulated by a few, and rendering problems like disease a side-effect of other political priorities [83]. Empire is threatened not simply by local resistance but by resistances that occur when people in similar circumstances in different locales–people in both poor and rich countries–realize that inequality is central to this issue. Anti-AIDS efforts are funded currently to increase labor potential and prevent economic collapse by keeping workers economically productive, or by focusing so much on "behavior" and "culture" that the context in which "behavior" occurs is rendered unproblematic or unchangeable [83-85]. Therefore, the current anti-AIDS efforts bolster and disguise the mechanisms of Empire. AIDS becomes the product of "individual responsibility" and anonymous, disconnected Third World destitution–the plague captured in pictures of dying babies and public health saviors desperate to convince the natives to adopt better hygiene practices. To expose this rhetoric's basic fallacy will require a serious criticism of public health's behavioristic leanings, as well as a transformation of the dominant political power imbalances that render HIV a plague of the poor.
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66. Josefson, D., Unsafe sexual practices are common, say US studies. BMJ, 2003. 327(7405): p. 10-d-0.
67. Sheldon, T., Doctors fear that rise in infection rates points to a return to unsafe sex. BMJ, 2003. 327(7405): p. 10-c-0.
68. Mukherjee, S., Why cheap AIDS drugs for Africa might be dangerous, in The New Republic. 2000.
69. Program in Infectious Disease and Social Change, The Global Impact of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. 1999, Harvard University: Boston.
70. Barnhoorn, F. and S. van der Geest, "Culturizing" the upsurge of tuberculosis. Social Science & Medicine, 1997. 45(10): p. 1597-9.
71. Navarro, V., A critique of the ideological and political positions of the Willy Brandt report and the World Health Organization Alma Ata declaration. Social Science and Medicine, 1984. 18: p. 467-74.
72. Navarro, V., Neoliberalism, "Globalization," Unemployment, Inequalities, and the Welfare State, in The Political Economy of Social Inequalities: Consequences for Health and Quality of Life, V. Navarro, Editor. 2002, Baywood: Amityville. p. 33-107.
73. DuBoff, R.B., A Slippery Slope: Economists and Social Insurance in the United States, in The Political Economy of Social Inequalities: Consequences for Health and Quality of Life, V. Navarro, Editor. 2002, Baywood: Amityville.
74. Kolko, G., Ravaging the poor: The International Monetary Fund indicted by its own data, in The Political Economy of Social Inequalities: Consequences for Health and Quality of Life, V. Navarro, Editor. 2002, Baywood: Amityville.
75. Laurell, A.C. and O.L. Arellano, Market commodities and poor relief: The World Bank proposal for health, in The Political Economy of Social Inequalities: Consequences for Health and Quality of Life, V. Navarro, Editor. 2002, Baywood: Amityville.
76. Navarro, V., Is there a Third Way? A Response to Gidden's The Third Way, in The Political Economy of Social Inequalities: Consequences for Health and Quality of Life, V. Navarro, Editor. 2002, Baywood: Amityville.
77. Basu, S., What is needed to conquer AIDS?, in The New York Times. 2000.
78. Basu, S., K. Mate, and P.E. Farmer, Debt and poverty turn a disease into an epidemic. Nature, 2000. 407(6800): p. 13.
79. Basu, S., K. Mate, and N. Johnson, Poverty's Pathologies: Global Inequalities & the Lives of the Destitute Sick. 2000, Institute for Health and Social Justice: Boston.
80. Benatar, S.R., South Africa's Transition in a Globalizing World: HIV/AIDS as a window and a mirror. International Affairs, 2001. 77(2): p. 347-375.
81. Chirwa, W.C., Aliens and AIDS in Southern Africa: The Malawi-South Africa Debate. African Affairs, 1998. 97(386): p. 53-80.
82. Heywood, M. and M. Cornell, Human Rights and AIDS in South Africa: From Right Margin to Left Margin. Health and Human Rights, 1997. 2(4): p. 60-83. Hardt, M. and A. Negri, Empire. 2000, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
84. Sears, A., 'To Teach Them How to Live': The Politics of Public Health from Tuberculosis to AIDS. Journal of Historical Sociology, 1992. 5(1): p. 61-85. Alagiri, P., T. Summers, and J. Kates, Trends in U.S. Spending on HIV/AIDS. 2002, Kaiser Family Foundation: Washington D.C.
AIDS, Empire, and Public Health Behaviourism
In the wake of U.S. President George Bush's trip to several African nations, and after his State of the Union speech declaring $15 billion of spending for global AIDS prevention and care, American newspapers have rallied in support of the "compassionate conservatism" represented by Bush's "commitment" to anti-AIDS efforts. In fact, the $15 billion number has turned out to be an inflated figure, as most of the money is recycled from existing spending, with only $1.4 billion appropriated this year (and little indication of renewal in subsequent years) [1]. But while many persons have pointed out the difference between dramatic declarations and actual appropriations, the money's final destination has been left mostly unexamined. Not only is the funding circumventing the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria, being spent almost entirely through bilateral USAID initiatives known for their inefficacy (and diversion towards abstinence-only, anti-abortion initiatives), but just as importantly the majority of funds are being spent in line with a common and fallacious public health dogma: that "information is everything", and preventing the spread of HIV means "promoting education" [1-5].


text: A patient calls you regarding an issue with her daughter. At a visit to her pediatrician, the 13-year-old girl, who has been healthy throughout childhood, was diagnosed with a genital wart. She admits to having unprotected intercourse and requests oral contraceptives but refused a full pelvic examination. The pediatrician stated that the daughter no longer was a candidate for HPV vaccination and that a pelvic examination with appropriate testing was required before contraception could be initiated. What do you advise?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Best by Broan 42" Wall Hood: Stainless Steel
Model: KER22242SS
- Three beautiful metal finishes, or two durable powder coated surfaces are surrounded by a polished tubular utensil rail.
- Powerful yet quiet interior blower with HVI certified performance.
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- Quick-release, stainless steel/aluminum mesh filters are dishwasher safe.
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- Electronic controls feature a 10 minute time-delay shut-off and a reminder light for filter maintenance.
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- Telescopic flue for 8' to 9' ceilings - Custom extensions available.
- Blower:Internal
- Performance:1,000 High CFM
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- Electrical Amps @ 120 Volts:6.3
- Electrical Connection:Direct
Product Dimensions
- Width Including Utensil Rail (in.):44 1/4
- Depth Including Utensil Rail (in.):21 5/8
- Width (in.):42
- Depth (in.):20
- Height including Flue (min.-max.) (in.):32 - 46
- Height of Hood (in.):13 3/4
- Width of Flue (in.):12 3/4
- Depth of Flue (in.):10 3/8
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Is it the World's Biggest Cave? More than three times the height of Niagara Falls, much of Vietnam's Mountain River Cave has remained untouched by humans until now. With exclusive footage, NGC reveals, for the first time in history, astounding evidence that this could be the largest cave in the world. Together with renowned expedition leader Howard Limbert, cave geologist Darryl Granger uncovers the formula for how the cave grew so grand.
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Four Winds Field (map it)
501 W South St
South Bend, IN 46601
South Bend Silver Hawks website
Year Opened: 1987
Capacity: 5,000
There are no tickets available at this time.
As of 2012, Stanley Coveleski Regional Stadium bears little resemblance to the rundown ballpark that stood in its place just a year or two ago. In January 2012, the sale of the team was approved to Swing-Batter-Swing LLC, and sole shareholder Andrew T. Berlin. For a mere $4 million, the ballpark now has outdoor suites, a new home plate suite, a splash zone water fountain in right field, a new inflatables play area in center field, and a new team store in left field.
Bleacher seating is being replaced by new and modern plastic stadium seats, and the center field gate is a welcoming entrance to the new Cove. What stands now is exactly the reason why it is worthwhile to invest in your local ballpark. What was once a below average experience is now better than many ballparks in the area.
The stadium originally opened in 1987, and the team began play as the South Bend White Sox in 1988. In 1994, the team switched their name to the Silver Hawks and changed affiliations to the Arizona Diamondbacks beginning with the 1997 season. It has been a strong affiliation with several players beginning their careers with the Silver Hawks including Justin Upton and Brandon Webb
The FANFARE scale is our metric device for rating each stadium experience. It covers the following:
Each area is rated from 0 to 5 stars with 5 being the best. The overall composite score is the "FANFARE Score".
The concourse is filled with both your expected ballpark items as well as a few interesting twists. On the outer concourse, you'll find several larger concession stands offering kids hot dogs ($2.75), jumbo hot dogs ($3.50), chili cheese dog ($4.75), brats ($4.50), pork tenderloin sandwich ($7), and chicken sandwich ($6) along with several snacks.
Pepsi is the soda provider of choice at Stanley Coveleski Regional Stadium ($3.75 or $4.75 for a souvenir size). Other beverages include Gatorade ($3.75), bottled water ($3), coffee and hot chocolate ($2.75). Beer selection at the main concession includes Budweiser, Bud Light, Miller Lite, and Coors Light ($4.75 or $6 for a souvenir cup size). There is also the local Four Horsemen beer on tap ($5.75 or $7 for a souvenir cup size).
As you walk the concourse, you'll find smaller stand-alone concessions. You can choose from footlong hot dogs or brats ($6), � pound Polish or Italian Sausage ($4.75), Giannetto's stuffed pizza ($4), Philly cheese steak ($7), Swoop's Smokehouse nachos ($7), and tacos (2 for $5).
The Pine Tar Pub serves up several interesting microbrew beers, a good addition to any ballpark experience.
The overall atmosphere of the South Bend Silver Hawks experience is very welcoming. From the approach from the parking lot to the center field gate you get the feeling that you're in a brand new park with all of the amenities you would look for in a great minor league ballpark.
Upon entering through the center field gate, you'll notice seven inflatable attractions for the kids to enjoy. They are tall, varied, clean, and instantly your kids will want to spend the rest of the night here. Unfortunately, it will cost you $5 to get the wristband to access the play area. Moving to left field, you'll find a synagogue that has been converted into the Silver Hawks team store. It is an interesting space to be sure and still has that new smell since the renovation.
Past the foul pole in left is a picnic area with several rows of picnic table seating. The remainder of the seating below the concourse is green plastic chairs with good leg room and cupholders. The screens extend from the far end of each dugout, preventing an unobstructed view for much of the seating area. If you don't want the screen in front of you, then shoot for sections 101-103 or 115-118. The third base side offers better shade, so my recommendation would be section 116.
If you don't want to pay the $5 price tag for the inflatable play area, there is also a free playground with sort of a cool design in right field. This is also where you'll find the "splash pad" which is essentially a ground level water fountain. Dressing your child (or yourself) in a bathing suit may be advisable on a hot day.
Other seating options include the terraced berm in right field (near the play area and splash zone), or one of the "outdoor suites", which is a gated area that seats 10 or so with tables. In right center field you can find a similar table with stadium seats, which is available first come first served. In left field there are seats with a drink rail, and there is some additional lawn seating in left as well.
The only major aesthetic drawback for me is the turf field. The areas around each base and the pitching mound are dirt, but the rest is turf. I like this better than the all turf field, as you still get that sliding noise, but you just can't beat real grass.
You're in downtown South Bend, so you would think that the options would be plentiful, and there certainly are some options within walking distance, but they are a bit hit or miss. I tried the Madison Oyster Bar, and was pretty disappointed. The top of the menu read, "A beautiful bar for beautiful people," so maybe my vanity drew me in (I am beautiful after all). In retrospect, an oyster bar in northern Indiana was probably a stretch.
Instead, go right next door to Fiddler's Hearth, an Irish pub setting with a fantastic menu. It makes a lot more sense to go with an Irish theme when in South Bend, but this place adds to the local feel by using nearby and sustainable products whenever possible. They also have 10 beers on tap, including some interesting options. It's a little more than a half mile walk from the stadium, so you may want to drive. I walked it, and thought it was a reasonable distance from the ballpark.
You may also want to visit the College Football Hall of Fame while in South Bend, or take the time to walk around the iconic Notre Dame Stadium on the beautiful campus of the University of Notre Dame.
For as beautiful as this park has become, you would expect the fans to come out in droves to support the local team, and appreciate the renovations. Early in 2012, attendance is up by about 500 fans per game compared to 2011, so it's a good sign. However, it still ranks the team at 11th in the Midwest League.
There were several loud fans questioning calls and cheering on their players, so they do make an impact. There's a good mix of ages at the ballpark as well with several families in attendance, no doubt appreciating the improved "family-friendly" atmosphere of the park.
Stanley Coveleski Regional Stadium is fairly easy to find, just a short drive off of the I-80 toll road and through downtown South Bend. There is pretty good signage once you reach downtown as well. Parking is available for $5 directly across from the center field gate and in other lots surrounding the ballpark. I see little reason to pay the $5 parking as there is quite a bit of street parking available in all directions. Just be sure to read the applicable signs as some parking is residential permit only, or has time restraints. I parked on Taylor Street, and just had a short one block walk to the park, so that can be a good option.
Inside the stadium, concourses are roomy and restrooms are large and clean. I appreciate where they have added seats that they decided to ensure good legroom and provide cup holders, a small but important touch when it comes to overall comfort for patrons.
Field Box seats (which are my recommendation) are only $6, and the prices elevate as you move closer to home plate (and the screen) into the Dugout Box ($8). If you choose to sit in the outfield seats with the drink rail, it will cost you $12.
The Outdoor Suite is just $20 per person and includes some drinks and unlimited popcorn. This is a great option if you want to increase the luxuriousness of the visit without totally breaking the bank. The home plate suite is one of the largest and most luxurious suites that I have seen, but probably won't be an option for the average fan.
I think the overall Return on Investment would be better if the Silver Hawks could slightly lower the parking costs and the cost for the inflatable fun zone, but overall prices are very reasonable, with parking, ticket, food, and drink coming in at about $22.
One extra point for the stadium's namesake, Stanley Coveleski. The man was a Hall of Fame pitcher, winning 20 or more games twice in his career, playing mostly as a member of the Cleveland Indians. Coveleski died in South Bend at the ripe old age of 94 and is buried in St Joseph Catholic Cemetery in case you are someone who likes to visit the grave of big leaguers.
One extra point for the plaques in the concourse honoring other significant baseball figures in the history of South Bend. Take the time to meander in the concourse and read the stories of these former greats.
A final extra point to the investment of Swing-Batter-Swing LLC and the city of South Bend to transform the less than ideal ballpark into one that is certainly on par with many of the venues in the ballpark-rich Midwest League. Compared to my last visit in 2010, this feels like an entirely different ballpark.
There is no doubt that Stanley Coveleski Regional Stadium has gone from a ballpark that fans could skip over, to a ballpark that is worth visiting. My hope is that the local community will embrace the renovations because this ballpark is a lot of fun, and would be even better with more bodies in the seats. I certainly look forward to a return visit, something I wouldn't have said only two years ago.
The Cove
We had a fun time on our visit there, but it there wasn't anything to really set 'The Cove' apart from any of the other ballparks. It was pretty plain and drab, but the kids' games were fun, and the mascot did a good job of entertaining. They've done some recent renovations, so I'm sure it would be a better experience. When you're in town, be sure to check out the Sudebaker car museum and the College Football Hall of Fame. Both are a lot of fun!
by Michael David | Nov 08, 2012 01:48 AM
Four Winds Field
A couple days ago, the Silver Hawks announced that the park would now be called Four Winds (casino) Field. There goes one of your bonus points
by Tccrapsdealer | Sep 10, 2013 12:12 AM
You must be a Stadium Journey member to post a comment.
South Bend. A city known first and foremost as the home of the University of Notre Dame. It is a place that has seen a steady decline in its population and industry over the past 50 years. Near downtown South Bend sits Coveleski Stadium, home of the Silver Hawks, a class A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks.
Baseball has long been a part of the fabric of South Bend. The city has been host to teams from the Studebaker plant, Negro League teams, and a professional women's team - the South Bend Blue Sox. Since 1984, there has been a minor league team, and since 1987 Coveleski Stadium has served as that home base.
With the new renovations and an emphasis from the owner on the fan experience this is a first rate place that the locals should be proud of. I've been to about 5 games so far this year and I have yet to encounter an employee who doesn't have a smile on their face and an attitude to match. Always looking forward to my next visit.
I know 'the Cove' went through some renovations recently, but it's wasn't all that great during my visit. Just your basic drab stadium. There were some fun game for kids which is nice, and the mascot did a great
Today, I went to Four Winds Field (formerly Coveleski Stadium) for the first time since the renovations. Other than the field turf, I think the park has been much improved. I love the fact that you can now walk all the way around the field. I wish more stadiums had this feature.
127 N Main St
South Bend, IN 46601
(574) 232-2853
111 South Saint Joseph St
South Bend, IN 46601
(574) 235-9999
1220 E Angela Blvd
South Bend, IN 46617
(574) 234-5510


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Access to Grand Theft Auto Online is free with every retail copy of Grand Theft Auto V and launches on October 1st.
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September 2011
The plaintiffs alleged that the truck driver had been speeding and that the company for which he was driving was vicariously liable for his negligence. The parties settled during trial for $2.2 million. McHale v. Pocono Produce Co.
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MINNEAPOLIS (AP) -- Kevin Love is carrying the Minnesota Timberwolves into playoff contention and is now part of the conversations for league MVP.
Love has torn through the last three games against two of the league's best power forwards. He had 42 points and 10 boards against LaMarcus Aldridge in a win at Portland on Saturday, 39 points and 17 rebounds in a win over Blake Griffin and the Los Angeles Clippers on Monday and 29 points and 16 boards against the Blazers on Wednesday.
The surprising Timberwolves are eighth in the Western Conference, just one game behind Denver for the seventh seed.
Coach Rick Adelman says Love deserves to be in the MVP conversation with the likes of Miami's LeBron James, Oklahoma City's Kevin Durant and Chicago's Derrick Rose.


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2 bdr/2bth condo right on the Guadalupe River! in New Braunfels
- bedrooms 2
- baths 2
- sleeps 6
- pool yes
- hot tub yes
- pets allowed no
- type Condo
- community Waterwheel Condos
rates (USD)
/ night
$ 900 - $ 1,200 / week
$ 1,300 - $ 1,300 / month
vacation rental description
A waterfront experience you will never forget! This lovely condo features two bedrooms, two baths, and a comfortable sofa sleeper.
You will certainly enjoy your spectacular view of the Guadalupe River and its riverfront from your own balcony. We invite you to take advantage of the beautiful barbeque area, with picnic tables, gorgeous pecan trees, and make sure you bring down your beach towels so while the hamburgers are on the grill, you can cool off in one of the two swimming pools.
Located less than a mile from Schlitterbahn and the Comal River Tube Shoot, minutes from the beautiful town of Gruene, this is a great choice for your next New Braunfels Vacation!
vacation rental location
contact owner for availability
My New Braunfels Vacation 830-515-4142
condo rental amenities
Fully Furnished, Barbeques
Community Hot Tubs, Washer/Dryer
Ice Maker, Toaster
Coffee Maker, Blender
Dishes, Silverware
Glasses, Dining Seating (6)
Bar Stools (4), Linens
Bath Towels, Community Pools
activities and attractions in New Braunfels Texas
Condo is located just minutes away from historic downtown, Schlitterbahn, golf, the Comal and
Guadalupe River, and much, much more.
Also located conveniently close, are the popular Natural Bridge Caverns, Sea World, and the Texas
Wildlife Ranch.
vacation rental rates
*Off Season* *Peak Season*
Weekday Nightly .. $ 165/night | $ 150/night
Weekend Nightly .. $ 185/night | $ 225/night
Weekly Rate ...... $ 900/week| $ 1200/week
13% hotel/motel tax ~ $85 cleaning fee
My New Braunfels Vacation 830-515-4142
payment methods
Owner has not provided their accepted payment methods
Prior to paying a reservation deposit, always verify payment instructions by calling the phone number displayed on this listing page. By contacting the owner directly and paying by an approved method - credit card, paypal, check or bank transfer - your reservation payment will be protected up to $1,000.Learn more in our Security Center
Top things to do in New Braunfels
- Schlitterbahn
- Floating the River
Top things to do with a family
- Six Flags
- Texas Wildlife Ranch
My New Braunfels Vacation , owner


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Save to My Recipes
Coriander Chicken Tostadas with Refried Beans and Grilled Fennel
Published: January 2011 Servings: 6 cook: 40 minutes cook: 40 minutes
- 2 15-ounce cans pinto beans (preferably organic), liquid drained and reserved
- 1/2 cup chopped white onion
- 2 tablespoons dried oregano
- 2 garlic cloves, peeled
- 2 teaspoons minced canned chipotle chiles in adobo
- 1 teaspoon ground cumin
- 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
- Coarse kosher salt
fennel and chicken
- 1 large fresh fennel bulb, trimmed, cut through core into 1/3-inch-thick slices (some slices will separate)
- 6 tablespoons safflower oil, divided
- 4 skinless boneless chicken breast halves
- 1/3 cup coriander seeds (about 1 ounce), coarsely crushed in plastic bag
- 6 purchased corn tostada shells
- 3 cups thinly sliced romaine lettuce
- 6 radishes, trimmed, thinly sliced
- 6 fresh cilantro sprigs
- Lime wedges
Nutritional Information
One serving contains: Calories (kcal) 557.9 %Calories from Fat 31.7 Fat (g) 20.2 Saturated Fat (g) 2.8 Cholesterol (mg) 64.3 Carbohydrates (g) 55.0 Dietary Fiber (g) 17.4 Total Sugars (g) 1.5 Net Carbs (g) 37.6 Protein (g) 38.8 Sodium (mg) 205.8
PREPARATIONView Step-by-Step Directions
Place beans and next 5 ingredients in processor; blend to chunky puree.
Heat oil in heavy large saucepan over medium heat. Add bean mixture and 1/2 cup reserved bean liquid. Stir over medium-low heat until warmed through, adding more bean liquid if dry, about 5 minutes. Season with coarse salt and freshly ground black pepper. DO AHEAD Can be made 1 day ahead. Cover; chill. Rewarm before using.
fennel and chicken
Brush fennel slices with 11/2 tablespoons oil; sprinkle with salt and pepper. Heat heavy large skillet over medium-high heat. Add fennel slices. Sear until lightly browned and crisp-tender, 2 to 3 minutes per side. Transfer to plate. Cut into strips. Reserve skillet.
Using rolling pin, flatten chicken between sheets of plastic wrap to 1/4- to 1/3-inch-thick cutlets. Spread out coriander seeds on sheet of foil. Sprinkle chicken with salt and pepper; coat with coriander seeds.
Heat 41/2 tablespoons oil in reserved skillet over medium-high heat. Working in batches, if necessary, add chicken to skillet. Sauté until cooked through, about 3 minutes per side. Transfer to work surface. Cool 5 minutes. Cut chicken in half lengthwise, then crosswise into 1/3-inch-wide strips.
Top each tostada shell with beans, lettuce, radishes, fennel, chicken, and cilantro sprig. Serve with lime wedges.
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Advice from the Bon Appétit Test Kitchen
Drumsticks and String BeansMake a big batch of this crunchy oven-fried chicken on Sunday for easy packing during the week. A little grated cheese in the breadcrumbs is a welcome addition.
Three Bean Salad
Braised Chicken with Artichokes and Fava BeansBrowned for deep flavor (and good looks), then braised for succulent results, this spring chicken has it all.
White ChiliThis works well with ground chicken or turkey, too.
Sautéed Chicken Breasts with Country Ham and Summer Succotash
Chicken Salad with Haricots VertsDoes the world need another chicken salad? Yep. This mayo-free one, with herby roasted (not poached) chicken and a mustardy dressing will convince you.


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Training in Business's curator insight, March 4, 11:10 AM
Google Debuts Education Tool Oppia for Teaching Others
#interactive learning and teaching.
Graeme Reid's curator insight, July 6, 9:11 PM
Good article on how the create meaning in the workplace.
Lisa McCarthy's curator insight, July 7, 9:06 PM
Musicians talk about being "in the groove," sportsmen about being "in the zone." Can employees in the workplace experience similar performance peaks and, if so, what can top management do to encourage the mental state that brings them about?
Wally Stump's curator insight, July 19, 6:45 PM
Meaning in work is the key to engagement and high levels of performance. This article offers some tangible suggestion for creating engagement.
Ron McIntyre's curator insight, June 12, 5:08 PM
Some interesting speculation on the possible impacts on business by neuroscience. A couple we are well on the way, one or two I am not sure they are going to fly the others are let's wait and see.
Sandeep Gautam's curator insight, June 13, 1:12 AM
Clearly over optimistic takes on how business can be impacted by neuroscience....also Orwellian to an extent : lie detectors based on facial snaps: I know Paul Ekman's work and all, but is that the best use of technology?
Ken Schneider's curator insight, June 13, 10:42 AM
6 Ways Neuroscience Could Change Business - and the Bar Scene!
Ivon Prefontaine's curator insight, February 26, 2013 7:26 PM
Jon Kabat-Zinn recently said humans need a Job. This is similar to the thinking of Thomas Merton and Parker Palmer. Meaningful work gives meaning to life, makes us complete, and is a calling or vocation. It is not doing someone else's work. The latter is oppressive and demeaning. Victor Frankl proposed life has transcendant elements and our calling should do that.
Deb Nystrom, REVELN's curator insight, February 26, 2013 8:20 PM
Detroit may easily be a harbinger of what's to come. An economy of independents may be the new class. The middle class may go away with the Model-T big auto company ideals that came with it. ~ D
Brent MacKinnon's curator insight, August 23, 8:45 AM
These posts are the foundation for creating new approaches and strategies for working/preparing youth for the post job economy.
Karine Aubry's curator insight, August 4, 1:02 PM
"We're mostly just getting the small, easy things done. Being busy does not equate to being effective."
L'illusion est pourtant parfaite !
David Hain's curator insight, July 6, 4:07 AM
Pleased to see that this list of bad but very prevalent practices include bell curve thinking and stack ranking!
Frank J. Papotto, Ph.D.'s curator insight, July 7, 10:01 AM
I like the engagement concept, but it has been twisted to suit a management perspective that is unhelpful. It is helpful to think of engagement as behavioral and emotional commitment; this results in loyalty to the company a willingness to stay and provide discretionary effort. A prerequisite to engagement is employee satisfaction and positive morale.
The problem with engagement arose because it was presented in many instances as a tool for driving performance. Consultants and pollsters latched onto the idea that if you measured engagement you could then take various actions to change it with a variety of employee focused HR tools. All of sudden then HR had the means, it believed, to drive, employee performance-- and, of course, how could this not be valuable for business and management.
In fact, engagement is useful because it begins to address the complexity of motivating organizational behavior. It helps us understand that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors should be considered, that the social conditions are important as well. Engagement points to the fact that a whole person approach is needed to fully enlist individual efforts on behalf of the organization.
To obtain a truly engaged workforce, enterprises must start with choosing people who see it as more than simply a place to work;who see it as a valuable, useful means to a positive end for themselves and the broader community of which they are a part. Enterprises must come to the realization that supporting individuals in reaching their goals is the cost of getting individuals to support the organization's.
Ivon Prefontaine's curator insight, July 7, 10:08 AM
The one that gets me is the empowerment racket. As if we have the power to give someone else power. I hear this in education all the time. We are going to empower students as if we do their learning for them. Creating a positive and healthy learning environment with reciprocal relationships is the key.
Miguel Paul Trijaud Calderón's curator insight, July 9, 6:38 AM
Engagement - 12 ideas to listen to your employees
David Hain's curator insight, July 9, 3:54 AM
Real change involves emergent practices, rarely if ever happens form top down pressure. Great post by @DanOestreich (as usual!)


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BYU's Bronco Mendenhall discusses his religious life in the LDS Church and how it plays out on the football field.
SHAUNA LAKE: I want to touch on what you said earlier about this being kind of the stewardship of the religion. It's not just football as you mentioned. Do you enjoy that responsibility or is it a little forced sometimes?
BRONCO MENDENHALL: Yeah it's a topic that many take sides on and think it's just football. They do, unless they were in the job and seeing what it really is. And so I at one point thought that until I became the coach and saw what it really is and...
SHAUNA LAKE: And tell us, what is that?
BRONCO MENDENHALL: So really it's a very simple dynamic. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints owns and sponsors BYU, Brigham Young University. The most visible part of BYU is the football program. So in the last two years through an exclusive ESPN contract and on BYU TV, well the ESPN component only there are only seven other teams that have been seen more by the world than BYU Football that play this game. You add BYU TV to that as well, there are very few and so a lot of people, their first or their main exposure to the church is through sports. And if that's the case then I feel like, and I hope that the way we play or how we play or who we are is distinguishable through that experience. That's what I hope. And if it's not then I don't think I've done a very good job. What I also know is the credibility of the message whether it's right or wrong is often determined by an outcome of a game. And people pay attention when you play well and they then usually ask questions like who is a Mormon and what's that like and why are these guys married and why do they speak all these languages and what are missions; but if those questions are generated through a game then that's a pretty good thing. And if I were to just cut through all of that and answer on very simple terms, I would have stopped long ago if it wasn't for that reason to do the job. It's not worth it to me for all these other things, without that part. Not here at BYU and not here in Provo. Maybe elsewhere, but that's probably the compelling reason that Holly and I have chosen to stay and stick with it here is because of that. And it sometimes is not easy. And a lot of times not fun, but we feel good about it.
(Copyright 2013 Sinclair Broadcasting Group.)


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AMESBURY — The Amesbury Chamber of Commerce and Industrial Foundation's annual dinner will be held on Tuesday, Nov. 12, with former Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis serving as the keynote speaker.
The dinner will be held at Amesbury Chevrolet, 103 Macy St., from 5:30 to 8:30 p.m.
Drawing on his experience during the bombings at the Boston Marathon and its aftermath, as well as his years on the job, Davis is expected to discuss how public safety preparedness is of vital importance in current times, no matter the size or location of a city.
"As we've seen too many times in the media, both natural and man-made disasters can happen anywhere at any time," Chamber executive director Melissa Lachance said. "I hope remarks by Commissioner Davis will open a greater dialogue in our community and inspire our residents to be more active in public safety issues for the well-being of everyone in our region."
As in years past, several members of the Chamber community will be recognized at the Annual Dinner for their commitment and leadership, with awards including "Pillar of the Community," "President's Award" and "Unsung Hero."
Tickets are $50 for Amesbury Chamber members, $60 for non-members and $380 for a table of eight. To reserve tickets, call 978-388-3178, or email firstname.lastname@example.com. The dinner will be catered by Amesbury Sports Park and there will be a cash bar.


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AKRON, Ohio - For the first time in his career, Tiger Woods shared a victory with his son Charlie present Sunday at the World Golf Championships-Bridgestone Invitational.
When Woods made a par putt on No. 18 to clinch his eighth tournament victory on Firestone Country Club's South Course, he wanted to hug his son.
Instead, he conducted a television interview with David Feherty and then was whisked away to sign his scorecard, which added up to an even-par 70 to finish the event with a 15-under-par 265.
Woods emerged from the scoring area and hugged his son on a putting green before returning to the No. 18 green to address the crowd and pose for pictures after winning by 7 shots over defending champ Keegan Bradley and Henrik Stenson.
Then came more interviews with radio and television announcers as fans snapped pictures. A news conference with newspaper and magazine writers followed.
Woods, 37, answered each question before getting to the moment he was waiting for, an opportunity to chat and take a private picture with 4-year-old Charlie in the media room.
Tiger stood behind the trophy, the Gary Player Cup, wearing a red Nike golf shirt while Charlie stood on the table beside it wearing a red Nike "Get Your Swoosh On" T-shirt.
The two smiled, embraced and then walked out of the room and into a red Cadillac.
"He understands it now," Woods said prior to buckling his son into the backseat of the car and driving away. "This was the first win he's ever been at. That's what makes it special for both of us. He's never seen me win a golf tournament.
"(My 6-year-old daughter) Sam was there when I won the U.S. Open in '08 and she loves to look at the YouTube videos and back to daddy. She loves looking at that, and Charlie has never had that, never felt what it's like to be with the trophy "
Charlie got to be with the trophy after watching his father earn $1.5 million for placing first and bring his earnings in 15 tournaments in Akron to a staggering $11,060,525.
Woods maintained a lead he built with a 61 Friday that tied a course record. He shot 66 Thursday and gained separation with the 61 Friday. He then played conservatively Saturday (68) and Sunday (70).
"Today was a day with it being as blustery as it was, it was going to be really hard for someone to shoot 62 or 63," Woods said. "If I didn't give any shots away today and played my game and shot even par or better, I'd have to force these guys to go and shoot something super low on a golf course that was not going to give it up under these conditions."
Four players in the field of 73 shot 66 Sunday, but nobody challenged Woods, who is ranked No. 1 in the world and has won 79 PGA Tour events since turning pro in 1996.
Woods is second all-time in that category, three short of Sam Snead's tour record of 82. Jack Nicklaus (73), Ben Hogan (64), Arnold Palmer (62) and Byron Nelson (52) occupy spots three through six on the list.
"I just handled my business and just made a bunch of pars and sprinkled in a (birdie on No. 10 and a bogey on No. 14)," Woods said. "Overall, it was a solid day. I played well and played conservative, but also played very aggressive to my spots."
Woods has won eight of the 15 tournaments he has played in Akron, four NEC titles and four Bridgestone titles, since teeing off in the 1997 World Series of Golf.
"I played it here once when I was a junior," Woods said. "I was up in Cleveland and came down here and played the course across the street and played the South course. I liked it then, and then when I started playing it as a professional, started really understanding how to play it, and by '99 kind of figured it out."
Woods parred 16 holes en route to matching the PGA Tour record he shares for victories in a single tournament with Snead, who won the Greater Greensboro Open eight times. Woods has also won at Torrey Pines and Bay Hill eight times apiece.
"He kind of punctured this tournament on Friday for sure," said Stenson, a Swede who played alongside Woods on Sunday and also carded a 70. "He did what he needed to do today."


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Pan Pacific Masters Games
Play it, Live it, Love it!
Entires are OPEN NOW
Competition Dates: Sunday 2 - Saturday 8 November 2014
Competition Times:
Games will be played between 8am - 10pm daily
Medal games will be played on Saturday the 8th with the last game starting at 4pm
Venue Details: Runaway Bay Indoor Sports Centre, Sports Drive, RUNAWAY BAY
Age Requirements:
- Age is determined as at 31 December 2014 by the youngest player in the team
- Minimum age for competition is 30yrs
Age Groups:
Men: 30+, 35+(Div 1 & 2), 40+(Div 1 & 2), 45+(Div 1 & 2), 50+(Div 1 & 2), 55+, 60+, 65+, 70+
Women: 30+, 35+(Div 1 & 2), 40+(Div 1 & 2), 45+(Div 1 & 2), 50+(Div 1 & 2), 55+, 60+, 65+
Wheelchair: Mixed 30+
Participant Fees:
Sport Fee: $75 per player per team (first team) and $35 per player per team (second team)
- Games Fee: $100 per player ($20 late fee applies after 31 August)
- All online entries will receive a $5 discount
Entries Close: 5pm Friday 5th September 2013
Games Contacts:
For registration and general Games enquiries contact:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 07 5668 9888
Website: CLICK HERE
For sport specific enquiries contact:
Competitions Coordinator & Competition Manager
Basketball Queensland
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: +61 7 3377 9100
Web: www.qldmasters.basketball.net.au
Additional Basketball Information:
You must pay a separate sports fee for each team in which you participate
The provision of a bench official for the game immediately following yours in compulsory.
Age groups may be amalgamated if only a limited number of entries in the age group are received.
Divisions may be amalgamated if only a limited number of entries are received in specific age groups.
If you are interested in being a referee for the tournament contact Basketball Queensland on the contact details listed above
Competition will be conducted under the Federation of International Basketball Association (FIBA) rules
The competition is presented and is sanctioned by Basketball Queensland Inc.


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The Fort Sam Houston Veterinary Treatment Facility is professionally staffed by Army Veterinary Corps personnel with the primary mission of providing complete veterinary care for all government owned animals.
Understanding how important your pet is to you, they offer many types of routine care services for the pets of military families.
The Veterinary Treatment Facility provides preventive medicine, sick call for minor ailments, and some surgical procedures to the cats and dogs of Active Duty and Retired Military personnel, mission permitting.
Sick calls and vaccinations are seen by appointment only. Quarterly Saturday vaccination walk-in clinics are offered on a mission permissible basis.
Housing Policies
Please refer to the FSH Family Housing Pet Addendum provided by Lincoln Military Housing for information on pets allowed in housing and breed restrictions.
All pets living on post must be registered at the VTF within 5 working days of arrival. Registration is conducted in person. You will need to bring your pet's medical records and proof of current vaccinations. If your pet is overdue for vaccinations or needs to be microchipped, make an appointment prior to or at the time of registration to fulfill all requirements.
Dogs and cats living in Texas should be on monthly heartworm prevention and flea control year round due to the mild winters here. During the summer months, it is very important that animals outdoors have adequate shade and free access to cool water. NEVER leave an animal unattended in a car, even for just a few minutes.
Stray Animals
Stray animals found on post, should be reported to the military police immediately. If the animal has a microchip, it will be brought to the vet clinic on post to find its owner (Be sure to update your contact information each time you PCS.) If the animal is not microchipped or the microchip is not registered on post, the pet will be taken to the San Antonio Animal Control.
FSH Military Police
(210) 221-2222 San Antonio Animal Control (ACS)
Spay & Neuter
The VTF does perform spays and neuters on a mission permissible basis only. We recommend that you have your pet spayed or neutered as soon as possible. Listed below are some spay and neuter services in the San Antonio area:
- Spay SA
- Spay and Neuter Assistance Program (SNAP)
- Spay Neuter Inject Project of San Antonio (SNIPSA)
Canine Influenza
Canine influenza is a newly emerging infectious disease commonly referred to as "dog flu." Just like human flu is among humans, canine influenza is highly contagious among dogs. Recently canine influenza was diagnosed in San Antonio. The Fort Sam Houston VTF provides the Canine Influenza vaccine. Learn more about Canine Influenza.
The VTF offers the following vaccinations and services:
- Wellness Screening (seen by Technician): $10
- Sick Call Visit (seen by Veterinarian): $25
- Re-Check Appointment: $15
- Health Certificate: $25
- ISO Microchip
- Routine Surgery on a Limited Basis
- Bordetella
- Feline Leukemia
1st Visit (8-11 weeks) $65
Feline distemper
Fecal check
FeLV/FIV/heartworm test
2nd Visit (12-16 weeks) $40
Feline distemper
Rabies (one year)
Fecal check
Adult Feline
Annual Visit, $65
Feline Distemper (one year) Rabies ( three years)
Fecal Check FeLV/FIV/Heartworm Test
1st Visit (8-11 weeks) $35
Fecal check
Deworming 2nd Visit (12-15 weeks) $60
Rabies (one year)
Fecal Check
Deworming 3rd Visit (16-20 weeks) $50
Fecal check
Adult Canine
Annual Visit, $75
Distemper (one year)
Rabies (three years)
Fecal Check
Heartworm Test
(210) 808-6101,
Appointments & Sales
8 am - 4 pm
Closed: Last business day of every month and Federal Holidays
2915 Schofield Rd
Randolph AFB
(210) 652-3190
Lackland AFB
(210) 671-3631
VTF's are not set up to offer emergency care. Local facilities in the area:
• Becker A.H.
• Becker A.H.
• Emergency A.C.
• Emergency Pet Ctr
• I-10 Pet Emergency
• NE Emergency A.C.


text:
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text:
A bit of a hassle.
Intended having a suspended ground floor with floorboards as it's got more give
and would do less damage to bones, etc in the event of a fall.
Building codes demand that there must be a minimum 6" clearance between such
suspended ground floors (or the insulation under them) and the finished foundation level.
And there must be sufficient ventilation for the air in this underfloor space -- so as
to avoid the possibility of damp air causing dry-rot in the floorboards/joists.
Is this regulation any longer approapriate ?
Dry-rot needs 15% moisture to survive and 20% to expand.
It is surely possible to have a well-insulated and air-sealed suspended floor.
And ventilating the underfloor area will inevitably increase heat losses.
Looking laterally at the issue that brings all this up, would a man be better off
to just lay a full concrete screed finish (with sub-screed insulation) on the house footing,
then lay a DPC + spongy intermediate layer upon the concrete and then lay the floorboards on all this ?
Would this result in a floor just as forgiving as suspended floorboards ?


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The late hour of the Cam Newton investigation story's surfacing Thursday night didn't stop the discussion, keeping about half the SEC awake and the message boards humming. Here's a roundup of Mississippi State, Auburn, Alabama, and other SEC fan reactions in the wake of this potential blockbuster story.
SB Nation's Mississippi State community, For Whom The Cowbell Tolls, sifts through the various rumors and facts surrounding the Newton family and wonders why we're just now hearing about all this:
Why did the SEC sit on this story for a year? John Bond reported all of this in September 2009 but the SEC didn't notify Auburn until July 2010. Why the long wait?
SB Nation's Roll Bama Roll plays it cool in anticipation of a storyline that could make or break this year's Iron Bowl:
Now, stating the obvious, this could be a huge story of Albert Means / Reggie Bush proportions. In all fairness, though, it could be all a bunch of hot air and half-baked allegations. We'll see in due time, so no use rushing to anything now. If this story is legitimate and if there indeed was a pay-for-play scheme, then I'm sure all of it will come to light in due time. If not, it'll rightly become a moot point.
SB Nation's Team Speed Kills makes the rare plea for caution and impartiality in the SEC community:
Finally -- no, the ESPN story was not a hit piece. Yes, Mark Schlabach went to Georgia. [...] Not that it should matter where Schlabach or anyone else went to school, because the vast majority of journalists I've known honestly do try to keep their personal biases out of the reporting they do. Whether you believe that is up to you, of course, and there is a deeply-ingrained "kill the messenger" response whenever a story like this is reported. But the best way to undermine a story is to prove that someone got the facts wrong regardless of their college; no one has done so in this case, so until they do we're going to assume that ESPN got what they reported right. That means that the allegations and the investigation are out there.
And SB Nation's Track 'Em Tigers has a discussion going for fans of the team most affected by all this, comforting itself with the simple starkness of Auburn officials' statements:
Auburn assistant athletic director and media relations Kirk Sampson said "We have been made aware of the allegation. Unfortunately, we cannot comment at this time." "However, Cam Newton is eligible to play football at Auburn."


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Lucian: Meaning, Popularity, Origin of Baby Name Lucian
Related Names:
Looking for more name information? Get Name MatchMaker & more Expert name-finding tools!
US Popularity of Lucian Over Time
Sister & Brother Names
Know a Lucian? What are his siblings named?
Contribute your knowledge to the name Lucian
- Comments and insights on the name Lucian: | Edit
my name is lucian and i was made fun of it my entire childhood but thats the past
- Personal experiences with the name Lucian: | Edit
We named our son Lucian. The reaction to his name is usually favorable especially when they meet him.
My son is also named Lucian. The name means "light" and is a perfect fit for his cheerful and bright demeanor. When we first decided on his name, people were very negative saying it sounds too much like "Lucifer" or that it would be mispronounced as "lucy-ann". But, once people meet Lucian (pronounced Loo-shin), he melts their hearts!
- Nicknames for Lucian: | Edit
- Meanings and history of the name Lucian: | Edit
Man of Light. Variation of Lucien.
- Famous real-life people named Lucian: | Edit
Lucian Freud, British painter.
Lucian Bute, Romanian-Canadian professional boxer.
Saint Lucian of Antioch, Christian theologian and martyr.
Saint Lucian of Beauvais, Christian martyr.
- Lucian in song, story & screen: | Edit
In the Underworld movie trilogy, Lucian is the first werewolf or "lycan."
Lucian is also a central character in the Mortal Instruments book series. He is a Shadowhunter (one who kills demons) who is later turned into a werewolf. At that point he changes his name to Luke.


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Frankie Lovato Jr. explains the term noseband and other names typically used for the term. Lovato also describes the purpose of a noseband and where it is located on a bridle.
More About the 365 Day Series!
Frankie Lovato Jr. vowed to create 365 racing terminology videos for every day of the year for 2013 - an effort to better educate racing fans and bring awareness to Jockey World. Please watch and share with friends to support Frankie in his mission!
"There are also many misconceptions in horse racing and many potential fans could enjoy the sport better. I love to explain the things that will help open up people's minds and answer many wonders in the world of horse racing that will offer a greater appreciation and understanding of the industry. This will help bring more fans and enjoyment to the sport of horse racing," Lovato said.


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Town Square
Measure G and Prop 8
Original post made by Hoss on Apr 15, 2009
Comments (10)
on Apr 15, 2009 at 2:00 pm
Ironically, there are some who would say that Prop 8 passed largely due to support and contributions from a cult, while others would say no one has the right to question the logic of their religious leader whom all must obey. So it's really just a question of perspective.
on Apr 15, 2009 at 2:18 pm
I think that this would be a clearer comparison between the two:
Each seeks to impose the will of a majority on a select population. I seem to remember that this type of bias was hailed as a tragic injustice by most in the education business.
It's funny how perspectives can change once some perceive that they have something to gain through legal process.
on Apr 15, 2009 at 3:24 pm
I don't understand what you are asking. Please say it another way so that I can understand your point. thx....Cholo
on Apr 15, 2009 at 5:14 pm
Opposition to measure G has nothing to do with teachers. It has everything to do with fiscal responsibility.
on Apr 15, 2009 at 6:48 pm
I don't understand what's being said either, but I think that's because Hoss is trying to draw parallels where they don't exist.
What does Proposition 8 have to do with Measure G?
on Apr 15, 2009 at 7:26 pm
Do I have to show you the connection...OK I will.
G is the seventh letter, add 7+8 and you get 15, add 1+5 and you get 6, multiply 6x3 and you get 18, add 1+8 and you get 9, subtract 9-1 and you get 8, subtract,add,multiply,yadda yadda yadda. That's as clear as I can make it,and it still makes more sense than Hoss.
on Apr 15, 2009 at 8:01 pm
Does this have anything to do with gay teachers becuase I don't think you can say that, not that there's anything wrong with that.
on Apr 15, 2009 at 8:45 pm
Well now that you've explained everything, who's on first?
on Apr 16, 2009 at 1:27 pm
AVHS Dad is a registered user.
I don't care...oh wait... he's our short stop!
on Apr 19, 2009 at 2:18 pm
I love this forum!! You guys always make me smile and make my day! I usually just read and enjoy those that defend my point of view via their own. But I just had to write this time. I wish I "knew" who my actual like-minded neighbors were...I am so tired of feeling like I am the only one with any logic among my "friends" and "neighbors".
Thank you especially to Joe!! :) That was the best explanation I have heard in a long time!!
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|Men's Soccer » Roster
|» Recruits » Camp Info » News » Schedule » Roster » Coaches » Stats » Career Records » Season Records » Game Records » Archive
2009-10 Men's Soccer
|Pompano Beach, Fla.
|Northeast HS
Sophomore: Competed in 10 matches in 2009... Finished with two goals, one assist, 19 shots, and 11 shots on goal... Registered four shots on goal and played a season-high 74 minutes vs. Florida Atlantic (9/7/09)... Recorded two goals with three shots on goal in a 4-0 victory over Belmont (10/9/09)... Tallied an assist in a 2-1 defeat of Mercer (10/22/09)... Fired a season-high five shots in the season finale vs. Stetson (11/1/09).
Freshman: Earned A-Sun All-Academic honors...Started in all 17 games he appeared in...Made collegiate debut at Ohio State (8/30/08)...Finished the season with three goals, two assists, and 18 shots on goal...Tallied first collegiate goal in a 2-1 loss to Seattle (9/12/08)...Recorded an assist and a shot on goal in a 3-2 loss at Campbell (10/4/08)...Had a goal and two shots on goal during a 7-1 win over North Florida (10/17/08).
High School: Member of the Region III and Florida state ODP team in both 2006 and 2007...Invited to the prestigious Adidas ESP camp in 2007, which selects the nation's top high school players for a week of training and competition...Named to the Adidas ESP All-Star team, and was a starter in the ESP All-Star game...A member of the Weston Fury Soccer Club that won the Super Y League National Championship and finished second in the Dallas Cup in 2004...Played for Northeast High School in Oakland Park, Fla., where he was appointed first-team All-Broward County and competed in the Broward County Senior All-Star Game.
Personal: Undecided major...Son of Daniel and Esperanza Gonzalez...Born June 3, 1990.


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Jacqueline Marsh / Executive Chef at Terrebonne General Medical Center
Sweet Potato Mixture
3 cups mashed sweet potatoes (Bake 3 medium sweet potatoes and remove skins)
½ cup eggs substitute, lightly beaten
1/2 cup Splenda sugar
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 cup Smart Balance butter
1/4 cup skim milk
1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1/4 cup brown sugar
1/4 cup Splenda
1/3 cup flour
1/2 cup chopped walnuts
1/2 cup chopped pecans
3 tablespoons melted Smart Balance butter
Mix all of the sweet potato mixture together until well blended.
Bake at 350 degrees for 20 minutes.
Add the topping ingredients to the baked sweet potato mixture and bake for an additional 25-30 minutes.
Nutrition Facts: ½ cup
Calories 180
Carbohydrates: 42.9 gm
Fat: 2.2 gm
Protein: 2.0 gm Fiber: 2