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Search Results for: acquire
July 30, 2013
Hanes to Acquire Maidenform Brands for $575 Million
Clothing retailer Hanes has announced that it will acquire intimate apparel retailer Maidenform to the tune of $575 million.
In a press release issued by Hanes, chairman and chief executive officer, Richard A. Noll said, "Maidenform has great brands that consumers …More...
May 20, 2013
Accenture to Acquire Acquity Group
Accenture entered into an agreement with Acquity Group Ltd., where Accenture will acquire Acquity Group, a digital marketing and ecommerce company, according to a press release on Acquity Group's website.
According to the press release, the acquisition will "further …More...
December 11, 2012
Honeywell to Acquire Intermec for $600 Million
Intermec, a provider of data capture and information management solutions, announced that an agreement is in the works in which technology and manufacturing firm Honeywell International will acquire Intermec for $600 million. The deal was announced in a press release, which …More...
May 25, 2012
Bazaarvoice to Acquire PowerReviews in $151.9 Million Deal
Bazaarvoice has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire privately-held PowerReviews in a deal worth an estimated $151.9 million, Bazaarvoice announced this afternoon.
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Bazaarvoice will pay $31.0 million in cash, issue up to 6.4 …
February 14, 2014
Jos. A. Bank to Acquire Eddie Bauer for $825 Million
Jos. A. Bank has entered into a definitive agreement with Everest Topco LLC, a portfolio company of Golden Gate Capital, under which Jos. A. Bank will acquire Eddie Bauer in an $825 million cash and stock deal.
The purchase price for …More...
In News, PR Newswire
March 11, 2014
Men's Wearhouse To Acquire Jos. A. Bank for $1.8 Billion
Men's Wearhouse To Acquire Jos. A. Bank For $65.00 Per Share In Cash (via PR Newswire)
Creates Leading Men's Apparel Retailer with Enhanced Scale and a Broadened Customer Reach Expects $100-$150 Million of Run-Rate Annual Synergies Men's Wearhouse Looks Forward to …
September 3, 2013
Jarden to Acquire Yankee Candle For $1.75 Billion
Jarden Announces Agreement To Acquire Yankee Candle For $1.75 Billion (via PR Newswire)
- Transaction will be accretive to adjusted earnings per share, pre-synergies – Cross-selling and cross-channel opportunities expected to drive top-line growth – Acquisition will enhance overall gross profit …
In News, PR Newswire
August 12, 2013
Kewill to Acquire Four Soft
Kewill Announces Intention to Acquire Four Soft (via PR Newswire)
GUILDFORD, England and CHELMSFORD, Massachusetts, August 10, 2013 /PRNewswire/ — Game changing transaction to strengthen Kewill's leadership position in Supply Chain Execution Kewill, a leading provider of multimodal transportation software, announces…
June 11, 2013
5 Ways to Acquire and Keep the Right Subscribers
[caption id="attachment_27058" align="alignleft" width="300"] Ross Kramer also did a video interview with Multichannel Merchant's Tim Parry at IRCE 2013. Click the image above to see Kramer's thoughts on all-things email.[/caption]
Bigger is better. Less is more. Which best …More...
June 6, 2013
SAP to Acquire hybris
In what SAP is calling an effort to deliver the next-generation ecommerce platform, the software firm has announced plans to acquire the Swiss-based omnichannel technology company hybris.
SAP, in a press release, said the move will "provide enterprises with the …More...
In CRM, Cross Channel


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Hey NFL fans,
My name is Brandon Lewis and I am a graduating student at Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo. My major is Sport Management, and for my evaluation class, I am required to conduct a study on a sport topic of my choice. As an avid NFL fan, I decided to research the attachment of NFL fans to their favorite NFL teams. For the purposes of my research, I needed a place to find elite NFL fans, and from personal experience, I know that SB Nation is full of elite fans of every team. It would be greatly helpful if some of you could take a few minutes to fill out my survey.
The link to my survey is: http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/9TVFT7T
If you have any questions, please feel free to email me at firstname.lastname@example.com. I will also provide a conclusion on my findings after the research has been completed.
Thank you very much for the support and cooperation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fox Cities Stadium
Updated photos of the Fox Cities Stadium
Photo courtesy of Adam Shea…
I don't know, but as a guy who loves a good hot dog this just isn't doing it for me.…
posted by Philcast 1 day ago
Toward the end of last year's Green Bay Packers season, I produced an Assignment Fox Cities on Outagamie County…
posted by Assignment Fox Cities Blog 2 days ago
Reggie sent me a link to these epic fails....people trying to do the Ice Bucket Challenge. Enjoy. FAILS
posted by Philcast 2 days ago


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Police: Utah suspect swallows stolen ring
OREM, Utah (AP) — Two people were arrested on suspicion of felony theft after police said one of them swallowed a stolen ring in an attempt to hide it. Full Story
(Andy Barron/AP)
Burning Man festival draws peak crowd of 66,000
RENO, Nev. (AP) — The Burning Man counterculture festival drew a peak crowd of nearly 66,000 celebrants as it neared an end Monday on the northern Nevada desert. Full Story
Jennifer Lawrence, other celebs hit by nude-photo leak
Reported phone hacking scheme results in celebrity photos leaking online; dozens of fake celeb photos posted as well.


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The kraft-colored boxes are made from 100% recycled paperboard which utilizes 35% post-consumer content and are an environmentally-minded product. The boxes are leak-resistant, microwaveable, freezer safe and can hold hot/cold and wet/dry foods. Size is 7 3/4" x 5 1/2" and are approximately 2" deep.
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Main Content
Sleep comfortably with this officially licensed NASCAR full comforter. This high-quality full comforter features lightweight, warm polyfill and a soft cotton/polyester cover displaying printed images of the NASCAR logo.
Note: The image depicts the entire bed-in-a-bag set.
Note: The image depicts the entire bed-in-a-bag set.
- Cover: 55% Cotton; 45% Polyester
- Decorated in the team colors
- Features printed images of the NASCAR logo
- Filler: 100% Polyester
- Imported
- L 76-in; W 86-in
- Officially licensed
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Comments about Springs Industries Springs NASCAR Full Comforter:
The description said comforter SET. Despoilment when only received the comforter. I keep it because my son loved it. I think the labels need to be more specific.
- Sizing:
- Feels half size too small
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
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Bolton Wanderers sign midfielder Jay Spearing full-time after the player's loan last season.
Newcastle United had a quiet fantasy day as expected in their loss to reigning champions Manchester City, but Remy Cabella was particularly disappointing given his over 15m price tag.
Queens Park Rangers continue to add Premier League experienced players to their promoted side, now having signed Leroy Fer from Norwich City for three years at a reported £8m.
Given the overall disaster that was Manchester United's opening match, it's hard to get a strong sense of how good Herrera can be in reality or in fantasy this season.
Despite a rotten showing from his team, Phil Jones managed to score well for fantasy managers without the benefit of a clean sheet, goal or assist.
Jack Wilshere rose above his history as a mediocre fantasy player to score well in the Yahoo format in Arsenal's season debut.
Alexis Sanchez's competitive debut for Arsenal was a mixed bag depending on whether you are looking at it in the short term or long term.
Hull City left back Andrew Robertson continued his rocket ride up from the Scottish third division with a great fantasy debut in Week 1.
We didn't get much of a chance to judge Tom Ince in his brief Premier League cameo last season but this season started off very strong for the Son-of-Paul.
For the second time in as many days, an Argentine international defender has joined the ranks of Premier League players as center back Federico Fernandez officially joined Swansea.
Steve Bruce has confirmed that new signing Robert Snodgrass is set to miss at least six months after a scan revealed the midfielder dislocated his knee and damaged ligaments during the win over QPR.
La Gazetta dello Sport is reporting that Arsenal have beaten Juventus and Roma to the signing of Greek international center back Kostas Manolas.


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In order to establish a baseline against which to measure improvements in the quality of IUCN evaluations, the M&E Initiative undertook a Meta-Evaluation in 2000 of the quality of all IUCN evaluations undertaken from 1994-2000. The Meta Evaluation assessed the range of evaluations in terms of accepted criteria used in meta analyses, including type of evaluation, timing, client, audience, context and rationale, purpose, methodological clarity, and quality of evaluation results. The first Meta-Analyses indicated that, measured against accepted evaluation standards, improvements were needed in almost all categories with particular attention to the need for improved data based findings and conclusions.
The second Meta-Evaluation in 2003, showed improvements in most categories, but still a need to continue to focus on methodological clarity and data based findings.
A first Content Analysis was undertaken in 2003 to identify the range of issues and themes that reoccur in IUCN evaluations. These reports along with the annual evaluation plans have formed the foundation for reporting on evaluation quality and results to the IUCN Council and senior management.


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January 1, 1970
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Contact Me
Claudia Cullison
I worked with Jeff Merrick in the mid-1990s. I had many opportunities to observe his legal abilities and work ethic. And I was impressed! Mr. Merrick consistently won his cases, and was the highest earner for the law firm that employed us.
Then, in 2004 I was involved in a car accident, and had broken bones and spinal injuries. In 2005, someone else crashed into my car, and the ultimate result was I needed three major surgeries, and about 17 minor surgeries.
When my insurance company refused to honor their obligations for uninsured and underinsured car crashes, I knew that Jeff would be the best attorney for my case.
And he was! He worked many hours to understand my medical records and injuries. He very ably defended me against my insurance company's attacks. And because of his superior legal skills, he was able to craft the lawsuit so that my insurance company had to pay his attorney fees, and I was able to keep the entire jury award.
And the judge told the insurance company attorney that he would have awarded me even more money based on Mr. Merrick's case presentation.
I think Jeffrey Merrick did an excellent job fighting for my rights, and would hire him again in an instant.
Lyle and Pat Simmons
Thank you for believing in us and doing an outstanding job.
Alice and Jim Turner
"Thank you" is simply not enough for your tireless endeavors in bringing a close to a very difficult time for both Jim and myself...
Thank you so much! This [resolution] couldn't come at a better time, and I really appreciated your focus and effectiveness on this case. Your dedication, constant updates, and communicability helped me through this anxiety-ridden and hurtful period, and I
Erving Jones
I was... represented by Jeffrey S. Merrick... I was extremely impressed with the amount of research and preparation that Mr.Merrick had done on the case as well as his court presentation... Mr.Merrick is an intelligent, hardworking, conscientious and enthusiastic attorney....
Jason Posner, Attorney at Law
I first met... [while] clerking for a judge who was mediating a very large case. Jeff represented one of the many parties in a contentious mediation.... Jeff was poised, thoughtful, and deliberate, with a thorough understanding of the issues.... Over the years, as I embarked on my own career, I have leaned on Jeff for wisdom. His analysis, grace and calm serve as a model to me.
Richard and Tammy Kolln
Jeff - We appreciate your services that were required that were required, due to our tragedy. We will financially do ok now...
We respect you and the way you have your own rules of engagement. Not the stereotypical lawyer. You are a real person. Thank you...
Robin & John Huston
We were glad to have an attorney who we felt was truly on our side at all times rather than the side of the mighty dollar. Your professionalism, along with your humanity and concern for my son, reassured us we were doing the right thing by retaining your services.
We hope you have a continued success in representing those in a time of true need.
Malia Gibbons
... I truly appreciate your expertise and dedication... Thank you for everything you did in my behalf.
Naquaya Palmer
... Thanks a bunch... Thanks for putting up with me and my total lack of experience. Thank you for being a great guide and friend. Keep doing what you do so well!!
Ralph Spooner, Attorney at Law
... I have known Mr.Merrick professionally for approximately ten years. He possesses the highest ethical standards. I have been involved in both very large cases and small cases in which Mr.Merrick represented opposing parties. Mr. Merrick is a very talented lawyer. He possesses excellent research and writing skills. He has been a dedicated and vigorous advocate on behalf of his clients...
Thomas K. Elden, Attorney at Law
... Jeff is extremely bright and is a 100% can-do person. No task is too difficult or too small... He is an excellent legal writer and is cool under fire....
Leslie O'Leary, Attorney at Law
... Jeff has enormous passion for his clients and making sure that all individuals receive fair treatment and high quality representation in court. He is a bright and effective trial lawyer.
Susan Arnsberg
So this is, I guess, goodbye - and MANY thanks again for all the time, attention, effort and good intelligence you put into our case.
Douglas Pearson, Investigator Oregon Dept. of Just
... During five of those years, I worked directly with [Jeff]... The diverse caseload that we experienced while employed together afforded me the opportunity to observe the scope of knowledge and passion that Jeff brings to every client that he represents... He has always actively embraced the challenge of a new case and the development of new law. Some of Jeff's cases have resulted in revised statutory legislation and changes to existing public policy. Jeff's representation of his clients always seems to have a larger purpose beyond just "the case." This approach to the practice of law is often discussed by lawyers, but rarely practiced in real life.
Robert Lester
Jeff took on a case involving myself and 4 others. Jeff bent over backwards, and was always available to answer any questions we had. It did not matter what day or time I needed to talk to him, he was there for me and us. Jeff is also an excellent " P.I. " (Private Investigator); the things he found from the Defendant's past was nothing less than remarkable.
I hate to have to see anyone need to go to court. Although if you want an Attorney that you can trust to give you answers, not beat around the bush, and is honest, I would have to say Jeff is your guy.
It has been a while since our settlement, and I still consider Jeff a friend. I look back often at how he never fed us any lines just to make us happy, he shot from the hip, and told us how it is. I like honesty, and I like people that do not sugarcoat things.
I just want to say Thank You again Jeff! We all appreciate the hard work you put in for our Justice.
Lisa Aasen
Mr.Merrick recently represented me in a discrimination suit against a former employer. I am very fortunate to have had Mr.Merrick represent me. I always knew that Jeff was truly fighting for me. [He] cared about myself and my case. He was always very dependable and quick to respond to any phone calls or emails. I couldn't of asked for a better Attorney to represent me during that hard time. It made a tough time so much easier having Mr.Merrick as my lawyer.
Linda Cunningham
Linda Cunningham went out on New Year's Eve to celebrate. While Linda was waiting in line to call for a ride home, the bouncer at the restaurant forced her to leave. On the way home, three men raped her. We sued the restaurant, but the trial judge threw out her case. We fought up to theOregon Court of Appeals, which reversed.
Back in the trial court, after we empanelled the jury, the restaurant finally settled. Linda gave me the best thank you I have ever received, in the form of the following poem:
Haunting memories from the past
Would come to me each day
And joy a rare evasive thing
Would seldom come to stay
My heart cried out for justice
It all seemed so unfair
The future seemed to hold for me
Just sadness and despair
But then you came into my life
Took steps to make me whole
And by the time you were done
You'd given back my soul
I can put the past behind me now
And start my life anew
And if I had to choose someone
My hero would be you!
Heather and Don
Thank you for all your hard work on the case. It was nice to see someone help us out. We will look forward to seeing you at the farm if you get out this way.
Deanna Bettencourt
I am very appreciative of everything Jeff has done for me. I highly recommend him to anyone looking for a lawyer that will go above and beyond. I was always very impressed with his efforts to prosecute my case. Thank you Jeff for everything!
Bradley Martinson, Attorney at Law
... his grasp of legal problems and his ability to pinpoint research regarding legal problems is exceptional, and his written and verbal communication skills are excellent...
Ana [Confidential]
Jeff - Thank you for your professionalism and encouragement today. You did a great job with the deposition and I'm feeling good about the case and where it's heading. I appreciate your hard work!...
Marilyn Bart
You have been a terrific help to me with all your diligent efforts. I have been very fortunate to have been referred to your. I know you have spent a lot of time on this issue and I certainly do appreciate that. Thank you so much.
Chris Lillegard, Attorney at Law
Thanks for the check and the letter. Steve Lawrence said we were in good hands when the case was assigned to Jeff Merrick. He certainly did do a superb job....
Frieda O'Neil
Jeff - You did such a good job for me on the lawsuit. I can't begin to tell you how much I appreciate all of the effort that you made on my behalf. I'm still telling my friends what an excellent job you did. Now, I consider you to be a new friend. If I can ever do anything, just call me.
Q: My spouse was injured in a car accident. I've heard about a "loss of consortium" claim. What is that?
A: Generally, it means that if the husband or wife is injured, then the spouse can sue for the impact the injury is having on the spouse. Does the spouse now have to do more work around the house? Can the two of you no longer enjoy intimacy like you used to? Can you no longer even enjoy long drives to the Oregon Coast because the husband can't sit in the car that long without his back hurting? So, a spouse can recover for his or her own loss of "services, society, and companionship" caused by the injury to the other spouse.


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I like the shrt.
By Papa Tim
from Spokane, Washington
About Me Comfort-oriented, Practical
Comments about this product:
i like the shirt. i bought one just like it a couple of years ago. It wore out so, I bought another. When this one wears I plan on on buying another one. I'm a t-shirt and jeans guy!!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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By Tom
from England
Love the 'old school' washed out look to it. Great colour.
(1 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
By FNLFAN
from MT
Bought it the first time and fit perfect and was quality made. Ordered it again, cheap material, different fit, and poor quality.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
great t-shirt
By Sheens
from Burnsville, NC
About Me Comfort-oriented
This t-shirt arrived and it looked exactly as it did on line. It is a thicker feeling t-shirt, you can tell it will last a long time. It was comfortable on and I love supporting my favorite show ever!
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Our latest display at Exit 55 Antiques - for more info on the antique French church altar candelabra, go here.
We just brought this Turn of The Century French gilt brass candelabra into Exit 55 Antiques on Sunday. This ornate antique candelabra was made for a church altar; the sheaves of wheat & bunches...
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Through Ishiuchi Miyako's lens, the things we leave behind are not merely totems of ourselves, but rather objects with lives of their own. An upcoming exhibit at Andrew Roth gallery presents "Here and Now: Atomic Bomb Artifacts, ひろしま/Hiroshima 1945/2007—," Ishiuchi's photos of objects in the archive of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum.
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A cute little wooden vintage shopping reminder wall plaque for your kitchen. There are lots of variations on this classic piece of Americana;
From www
A sweet little collection of vintage shopping trolley products for a dolls house, made in England. Labelled as for Adult collectors, not suitable for
Via etsyspot
My parents, of No Egrets Antiques, were credited on this week's episode of American Pickers on the History Channel! Their name appeared in the credits as part of the "Archives Provided By" team of ...
This green barrel-backed chair was one of a suite of six from Elvis Presley's Hillcrest home in Los Angeles. It's rather as one of these chairs was used in the 1970 family photo shoot with Elvis, P...
Deanna Dahlsad's curator insight, August 8, 1:39 PM
Click for details on the auction as well as the iconic photos of Elvis, Priscilla, & Lisa Marie.
Pretty much everyone who has an interest in playing cards has heard the expression "according to Hoyle". Edmond Hoyle's writings also included backgammon and chess, but Hoyle was best known for his...
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Conway's Vintage Treasures has Original Vintage Movie Posters, Rare Celebrity Autographs, Autographed Sports Memorabilia and Historical Photos, Posters, Documents and Ephemera and so much more. These special and unique memorabilia and collectibles are what we do and we price ourselves on our collection, authenticity and ability to find the most unique of collectibles from film noir and classics.
Via Conway's Vintage Treasures
On Prosperity Road: From Pangle's to Scot Lad Foods to Rays, Roundys, Chief, & Nash Finch ~ Collecting Lima Ohio
Evolutionary Links in Lima's Food Chain - A look at one chapter of Lima Ohio's grocery store history. The Pangles / Scot Lad / Roundy's / Nash Finch warehouse location on Prosperity Road, at Pangle Street.
From www
This is a deck of vintage unused playing cards featuring Hilda the Plus size pin up girl from the 1950s. Complete! Questions please ask
Via Gracie Passette
Billie the Brownie was a character that Schuster's Department Store introduced in 1927 to promote their annual Christmas Parade in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. I spotted this large plastic versio...
From www
Wed never seen a fan like this! It was in grannys drawer at an estate sale. Probably would come in handy since you can fold to fit in your
Is it wrong that back to school time reminds me of The Graduate? I guess it's the idea of watching what I want, when I want… (Yes, the LP is for sale.)
Because you know I obsess over things... Like Gimbels department stores... I was working on another set of doll articles for Diane's Doll Hospital (this time on vintage walker dolls from the 1950s;...
Deanna Dahlsad's curator insight, August 28, 4:00 PM
About the first American fashion designer to be on the cover of Time magazine.
From www
MC. A.D.E. and Posse Just Sumthin To Do, copyright 1987 -- a rare and early record from the 4 Sight Records label. This record is the start of
Vintage Fundamentals of Square Dancing LP by Sets In Order & 2 Illustrated Square Dance Instruction Booklets
From www
Fundamentals of Square Dancing, level 2, LP 6002, part of the Teaching Aids Instructional Series produced by Sets In Order, the Official
Postcard collecting is an enjoyable and affordable hobby, but you must know how to date them and understand their values. This guide will get you on the right track!
Via Laura Brown
by Lise LaSalle Having enjoyed Tim Burton's movies through the years, my curiosity went on high alert when I read about his new biopic Big Eyes set to be released this Christmas in a theater near you and me. Adam Parfrey who runs Feral House Books, a little house of darkness promoting 'pure information and…
Deanna Dahlsad's insight:
See also @Laura Brown's article about these big-eyed works written a decade ago! http://www.kitschy-kitschy-coo.com/columns/2004/9/20/
Deanna Dahlsad's curator insight, August 11, 1:33 AM
See also [url=/u/164369 x-already-notified=1]Laura Brown[/url]'s article about these big-eyed works written a decade ago! http://www.kitschy-kitschy-coo.com/columns/2004/9/20/
Deanna Dahlsad's curator insight, August 11, 1:35 AM
See also [url=/u/164369 x-already-notified=1]Laura Brown[/url]'s article about these big-eyed works written a decade ago! http://www.kitschy-kitschy-coo.com/columns/2004/9/20/
Deanna Dahlsad's curator insight, August 11, 1:36 AM
See also [url=/u/164369 x-already-notified=1]Laura Brown[/url]'s article about these big-eyed works written a decade ago! http://www.kitschy-kitschy-coo.com/columns/2004/9/20/
Out Antique Hunting; It's Not Just The Things We Buy, it's the memories we make getting them. We were on a mission to study Asian furnishings from the post war era and had some shops in mind that m...
From www
For the honor of Grayskull! heres a retro She-Ras quartz alarm clock! She-Ra, the Princess Of Power, was He-Mans twin sister. While She-Ra was a
"Their antics and wild, over-the-top parties were the talk of Niagara County."In the late 19th century, though, the most startling, erotic t...
From www
WZZM WWII dog tags found in Netherlands; Michigan family located WZZM Our research has found that a WWII soldier of the same name passed away in 2003 and is buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Lansing.
Via Global Research, Jukka Melaranta
A 1954 leather Boy Scout Camporee belt buckle. It is in the shape of Smokey the Bear. Cape Cod Council. The buckle is in very good condition. It m
Via Jedwin
On a barn pick, I got a rather large box of antique wooden roof shingles. Since there are times one just has to put the piles of supplies to use, I began making a series of classic signs, such as "...
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Ballistic missile defence
Ballistic missile defence Ballistic missiles pose an increasing threat to Allied populations, territory and deployed forces. Over 30 countries have, or are acquiring, ballistic missile technology that could eventually be used to carry not just conventional warheads, but also weapons of mass destruction. The proliferation of these capabilities does not necessarily mean there is an immediate intent to attack NATO, but it does mean that the Alliance has a responsibility to take this into account as part of its mission to protect its European populations, territory and forces. Beginning in early 2010, NATO acquired the first phase of an initial capability to protect Allied deployed forces against limited ballistic missile threats. At the November 2010 NATO Summit in Lisbon, NATO's leaders decided to develop a ballistic missile defence (BMD) capability to pursue its core task of collective defence. To this end, they decided that the scope of the existing Active Layered Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence (ALTBMD) programme's command, control and communication capabilities will be expanded beyond the capability to protect forces to also include NATO European populations and territory. In this context, the US European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA) and other national contributions were welcomed as valuable to the NATO BMD architecture. NATO's work on BMD started in the early 1990s in response to the increasing threat posed by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems, including ballistic missiles. The initial focus was on protecting deployed NATO troops (theatre missile defence), but study work was expanded in 2002 to include considerations on the protection of population centres and territory (territorial missile defence). Components The Alliance is conducting three BMD-related activities: 1. Active Layered Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence System capability The aim of this capability is to protect deployed NATO forces against short- and medium-range ballistic missile threats (up to 3,000-kilometer range). In order to manage the risk associated with the development of such a complex capability, ALTBMD will be fielded in several phases. The completed capability will consist of a system of systems, comprising low- and high-altitude defences (also called lower- and upper-layer defences), including battle management, communications, command and control and intelligence (BMC3I), early-warning sensors, radars and various interceptors. NATO member countries will provide the sensors and weapon systems, while NATO will develop the BMC3I segment and facilitate the integration of all these elements into a coherent and effective architecture. In 2005, the North Atlantic Council (NAC) established the NATO Active Layered Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence Programme Management Organization (ALTBMD PMO) to oversee the ALTBMD Programme. The NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency (NC3A) and the NATO Air Command and Control System Management Agency (NACMA) are other key NATO bodies involved in the programme. As part of the NATO agencies reform, this programme is now managed by the NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA). The initial activities were mainly focused on system engineering and integration work, and on the development of an integration test bed hosted at the NCIA facilities in The Hague, the Netherlands. The integration testbed is essential to validate development work. In early 2010, the first operational ALTBMD capability (called Interim Capability) was fielded. It provides military planners with a planning tool to build the most effective defence design for specific scenarios or real deployments. A more robust version of that capability was fielded at the end of 2010 and provides shared situational awareness. The next version will be delivered in the 2016-2017 timeframe. After that, ALTBMD will be merged with the BMD effort detailed below. 2. BMD for the protection of NATO European territory, populations and forces At the Lisbon Summit in November 2010, NATO leaders decided to develop a BMD capability. They agreed that an expanded ALTBMD Programme should form the command, control and communications backbone of such a system. That decision was based on almost eight years of studies and discussions. As part of the US European Phased Adative Approach (EPAA), Turkey announced in autumn 2011 its decision to host a US-owned and -operated BMD radar at Kürecik. Romania and the United States agreed in 2011 to base Aegis Ashore capabilities at Deveselu airbase in Romania, and a similar basing agreement between the United States and Poland entered into force in 2011 to host Aegis Ashore at the Redzikowo military base. Also in 2011, Spain and the United States announced an agreement to base four Aegis missile defence ships in Rota, Spain. These assets are national contributions, and are integral parts of the NATO BMD capability. In September 2011, the Netherlands announced plans to upgrade four air-defence frigates with extended long-range missile defence early-warning radars as its national contribution to NATO's ballistic missile defence capability. . Separately, France is studying options to develop an early-warning system for the detection of ballistic missiles. In February 2012, Germany announced that its Patriot air- and missile-defence systems would form a national contribution to the NATO BMD system. In May 2012 at the Chicago Summit, NATO leaders declared the Interim NATO BMD capability operational. It offers the maximum coverage within available means to defend NATO's populations, territory and forces across southern Europe against a limited ballistic missile attack. The Alliance aims to provide full coverage and protection for all NATO European populations, territory and forces against the increasing threats posed by the proliferation of ballistic missiles. This coverage is based on the principles of indivisibility of Allied security and NATO solidarity, equitable sharing of risks and burdens, as well as reasonable challenge. It also takes into account the level of threat, affordability and technical feasibility, and is in accordance with the latest common threat assessments agreed by the Alliance. Should international efforts reduce the threats posed by ballistic missile proliferation, NATO missile defence can, and will, adapt accordingly. 3. Missile defence cooperation with Russia In 2003, under the auspices of the NATO-Russia Council (NRC), a study was launched to assess possible levels of interoperability among the theatre missile defence systems of NATO Allies and Russia. Together with this study, several successful computer-assisted exercises have been held to provide the basis for future improvements to interoperability, and to develop mechanisms and procedures for joint operations in the area of theatre missile defence. NATO and Russia also examined possible areas for cooperation on territorial missile defence. At the Lisbon Summit, the NRC agreed to discuss pursuing ballistic missile defence cooperation, and to resume territorial missile defence cooperation. They agreed on a joint ballistic missile threat assessment, and to continue dialogue in this area. The NRC was tasked to develop a comprehensive joint analysis of the future framework for BMD cooperation. In April 2012, NATO and Russia successfully conducted a computer-assisted missile defence exercise hosted by Germany. In October 2013, NATO-Russia missile defence-related discussions were paused by Russia, and in April 2014, NATO suspended all cooperation with Russia in response to the Ukraine crisis. Mechanisms The Defence Policy and Planning Committee (Reinforced) (DPPC(R)) is the senior NATO committee that oversees and coordinates all efforts to develop the NATO ballistic missile defence capability at the political-military level, as well as providing political-military guidance and advice on all issues related to NATO BMD policy. The Conference of National Armaments Directors (CNAD) is the senior policy committee responsible for the ballistic missile defence programme. Evolution The key policy document providing the framework for NATO's activities in the area of ballistic missile defence is NATO's Strategic Concept. In addition, ballistic missile defence is an important aspect of the Deterrence and Defence Posture Review of 2012. The Strategic Concept recognises, inter alia, that "the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, threatens incalculable consequences for global stability and prosperity. During the next decade, proliferation will be most acute in some of the world's most volatile regions." Therefore, NATO will "develop the capability to defend our populations and territories against ballistic missile attack as a core element of our collective defence, which contributes to the indivisible security of our Alliance. We will actively seek cooperation on missile defence with Russia and other Euro-Atlantic partners." As a defensive capability, BMD will be one element of a broader response to the threat posed by the proliferation of ballistic missiles. The Deterrence and Defence Posture Review of 2012 states that missile defence can complement the role of nuclear weapons in deterrence; it cannot substitute for them. It is a purely defensive capability and is being established in the light of threats from outside the Euro-Atlantic area. It is expected that NATO's missile defence capabilities would complicate an adversary's planning, and provide damage mitigation. Effective missile defence could also provide valuable decision space in times of crisis. Like other weapons systems, missile defence capabilities cannot promise complete and enduring effectiveness. NATO missile defence capability, along with effective nuclear and conventional forces, will signal our determination to deter and defend against any threat from outside the Euro-Atlantic area to the safety and security of our populations. Key milestones Theatre Missile Defence May 2001 NATO launches two parallel feasibility studies for a future Alliance theatre missile defence system. June 2004 At the Istanbul Summit, Allied leaders direct that work on theatre missile defence be taken forward expeditiously. March 2005 The Alliance approves the establishment of a Programme Management Organization under the auspices of the CNAD. September 2006 The Alliance awards the first major contract for the development of a testbed for the system. February 2008 The testbed is opened and declared fully operational nine months ahead of schedule. Throughout 2008 The system design for the NATO command and control component of the theatre missile defence system is verified through testing with national systems and facilities via the integrated testbed; this paves the way for the procurement of the capability. March 2010 The Interim Capability (InCa) Step 1 is fielded. June 2010 NATO signs contracts for the second phase of the interim theatre missile defence capability, which will include the capability to conduct a real-time theatre missile defence battle. At the June 2010 meeting of NATO Defence Ministers, it is agreed that, should Allies decide at the Lisbon Summit to develop a ballistic missile defence capability for NATO which would provide protection to European Allied populations and territory against the increasing threat posed by the proliferation of ballistic missiles. An expanded theatre missile defence programme could form the command, control and communications backbone of such a system. The US EPAA would provide a valuable national contribution to this capability. July 2010 The more robust Interim Capability (InCa 2) passes key tests during the Dutch Air Force Joint Project Optic Windmill 2010 exercise. December 2010 At the end of 2010, all InCa 2 components – including BMD sensors and shooters from NATO nations – are linked and successfully tested in an 'ensemble' test prior to handover to NATO's military commanders. InCa 2 is subsequently delivered to the Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC) in Uedem, Germany. Territorial Missile Defence November 2002 At the Prague Summit, Allied leaders direct that a missile defence feasibility study be launched to examine options for protecting Alliance forces, territory and populations against the full range of ballistic missile threats. April 2006 The study concludes that ballistic missile defence is technically feasible within the limits and assumptions of the study. The results are approved by NATO's CNAD. 2007 An update of a 2004 Alliance assessment of ballistic missile threat developments is completed. April 2008 At the Bucharest Summit, Allied leaders agree that the planned deployment of European-based US BMD assets should be an integral part of any future NATO-wide missile defence architecture. They call for options for a comprehensive ballistic missile defence architecture to extend coverage to all Allied territory not otherwise covered by the US system to be prepared in time for NATO's next Summit. April 2009 At the Strasbourg/Kehl Summit, Allies recognise that a future US contribution of important architectural elements could enhance NATO elaboration of the Alliance effort and judge that ballistic missile threats should be addressed in a prioritised manner that includes consideration of the level of imminence of the threat and the level of acceptable risk. September 2009 The United States announces its plan for the EPAA. November 2010 At the Lisbon Summit, the Allies agree to acquire a territorial missile defence capability. They agree that an expanded theatre missile defence programme should form the command, control and communications backbone of such a system. The NRC agrees to discuss pursuing missile defence cooperation. June 2011 NATO Defence Ministers approve the NATO Ballistic Missile Defence Action Plan. September 2011 Turkey announces a decision to host a US-owned missile defence radar as part of the NATO BMD capability. September 2011 Romania and the United States sign an agreement to base a US Aegis Ashore system in Romania as part of NATO's BMD capability. September 2011 An agreement between Poland and the United States on basing a US Aegis Ashore system in Poland enters into force. September 2011 The Netherlands announces plans to upgrade four air-defence frigates with extended long-range radar systems as its national contribution to NATO's BMD capability. October 2011 Spain and the United States announce an agreement to port US Aegis ships in Rota, Spain, as part of the US contribution to NATO's ballistic missile defence capability. February 2012 Germany announces a decision to offer its Patriot air- and missile-defence systems as a national contribution to NATO's BMD capability. April 2012 NATO successfully installs and tests the command and control architecture for the Interim Capability at Allied Air Command in Ramstein, Germany. May 2012 NATO Summit in Chicago. Declaration of the Interim BMD Capability. December 2012 NATO decides to augment Turkish air defence against missiles from Syria. Germany, the Netherlands and the United States deploy Patriot air- and missile-defence systems to eastern Turkey. March 2013 The Unites States announces a revised EPAA. October 2013 Ground-breaking ceremony for the US Aegis Ashore system in Deveselu, Romania. February 2014 First US Aegis destroyer stationed in Rota, Spain. NATO-Russia Council (Theatre) Missile Defence Cooperation 2003 A study is launched under the NRC to assess possible levels of interoperability among theatre missile defence systems of NATO Allies and Russia. March 2004 An NRC theatre missile defence command post exercise is held in the United States. March 2005 An NRC theatre missile defence command post exercise is held in the Netherlands. October 2006 An NRC theatre missile defence command post exercise is held in Russia. January 2008 An NRC theatre missile defence computer-assisted exercise takes place in Germany. December 2010 First meeting of the NRC Missile Defence Working Group aimed at assessing decisions taken at the Lisbon Summit and exploring a possible way forward for cooperation on ballistic missile defence. June 2011 NRC Defence Ministers take stock of the work on missile defence since the 2010 Lisbon Summit. April 2012 Computer-assisted exercise in Ottobrunn, Germany. October 2013 Russia unilaterally pauses the discussions on missile defence in the NRC framework. April 2014 In response to the Ukraine crisis, NATO suspends all cooperation with Russia, including missile defence.
Belarus, NATO's relations with -
NATO's relations with Belarus Belarus joined NATO's Partnership for Peace (PfP) in 1995. NATO and Belarus have established a relationship based on the pursuit of common interests, while also keeping open channels for dialogue. Belarus has developed an Individual Partnership Programme (IPP) and participates in the Planning and Review Process (PARP). NATO Allies have expressed their concern at the lack of progress in democratic reforms in Belarus. Nonetheless, NATO Allies believe that keeping open channels of communication, practical cooperation and dialogue is in the best interest of regional security. NATO and Belarus cooperate in a number of areas, including civil emergency planning, scientific cooperation, and defence reforms. NATO will continue to work with Belarus to implement reforms in these areas, while continuing to call on Belarus to increase the pace of its democratic reforms. Framework for cooperation The belief that there is value in communication and practical cooperation is put into practice in several ways. Dialogue takes place within the framework of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) and is facilitated by the existence of Belarus' diplomatic mission to NATO, which was opened in April 1998. Under the Partnership for Peace, NATO and Belarus are developing practical cooperation in a number of areas through Belarus' Individual Partnership Programme (IPP). On the basis of the IPP, Belarusian personnel are attending courses in NATO countries and practical cooperation is being developed in areas such as civil emergency planning, crisis management, arms control, air defence and air traffic control, telecommunications and information processing, as well as language training and military education. Key areas of cooperation Security cooperation In 2009, Belarus extended an offer of rail transit to nations participating in NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. Completed in 2010, the agreement allows for the shipment of non-lethal cargo by rail through Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Another important aspect of security cooperation is Belarus' participation in the PfP Planning and Review Process (PARP). This is aimed at encouraging transparency and at assisting the country in developing capabilities and interoperability for international peace-support operations. NATO helps set planning targets that will enable Belarus to develop some of its forces and capabilities for potential participation in PfP activities, including NATO-led PfP operations, and in this way contribute to security and stability. Demilitarization project A good example of the tangible benefits of practical cooperation is a PfP Trust Fund project, aimed at helping Belarus meet its obligations under the Ottawa Convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction. Completed in January 2007, this joint project, led by Canada and co-funded by Lithuania and Belarus, involved the destruction of some 700,000 anti-personnel mines in Belarus. Science and environment NATO and Belarus also cooperate on security-related science. Scientists from Belarus have taken leading roles in 125 activities, including collaborating with experts from the Czech Republic on exploring safer methods to destroy stockpiles of persistent organic pesticides and holding an advanced study institute course in May 2010 on advanced training of architects of secure networks. Since 2001, Belarus has received grant awards for about 40 cooperative activities under NATO's Science for Peace and Security Programme. Areas include telecommunications, Chernobyl-related risk assessment studies and explosive material detection systems. An ongoing project has brought together scientists from Belarus, Norway and Ukraine to assess the hazards posed by radioactive contamination in the Polessie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve. In addition, over 75 science fellowships have been awarded to Belarusian scientists to study in NATO countries since 1993. Public information NATO also seeks to contribute to the development of Belarusian civil society. This takes place primarily through public diplomacy activities. Belarusian non-governmental and civil society organisations are encouraged to engage with NATO's Public Diplomacy Division. In every partner country an embassy of one of the NATO member states serves as a contact point and operates as a channel for disseminating information about the role and policies of the Alliance. The current NATO Contact Point Embassy in Belarus is the embassy of Estonia. Milestones in relations 1992 Belarus joins the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC, later renamed the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997). 1995 Belarus joins the Partnership for Peace, a programme aimed at increasing security and defence cooperation between NATO and individual Partner countries.. Belarus takes part in a NACC meeting, for the first time, in June, in Oslo, Norway. 1998 Belarus opens a permanent mission at NATO Headquarters. 1999 Belarus temporarily halts all cooperation with NATO, including the PfP programme and EAPC, in protest at NATO's Kosovo air campaign. 2004 Belarus joins the PfP Planning and Review Process (PARP). 2006 NATO Allies condemn the presidential election in Belarus as failing to meet international standards and conduct a review of NATO-Belarus relations. 2007 NATO and Belarus complete the first PfP trust fund project in Belarus, which destroyed some 700,000 anti-personnel mines. 2010 NATO completes the arrangements with several countries, including Belarus, for the transit of non-lethal ISAF cargo to Afghanistan by rail. 2011 NATO sponsors new flood risk monitoring system in Ukraine and Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina, NATO's relations with -
NATO's relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and the Chair of the Bosnia & Herzegovina Presidency, Bakir Izetbegovic (May 2014) Democratic, institutional and defence reforms are a key focus of Bosnia and Herzegovina's cooperation with NATO. The country joined the Partnership for Peace in 2006 and has been engaged in an Intensified Dialogue with NATO on its membership aspirations and related reforms since 2008. In April 2010, the Allies formally invited the country to join the Membership Action Plan (MAP) with one important condition: the first Annual National Programme under the MAP will only be accepted by NATO once a key remaining issue concerning immovable defence property has been resolved. Effectively, all immovable defence properties in the country need to be registered as state property, for use by the country's defence ministry. Although Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency members were unanimous about the decision to apply to join the MAP, the fulfillment of this condition has not yet been met. The Allies are committed to keeping NATO's door open to Western Balkan partners that wish to join the Alliance. The Membership Action Plan (MAP) is a NATO programme of advice, assistance and practical support tailored to the individual needs of countries wishing to join the Alliance. Participation in the MAP does not prejudge any decision by the Alliance on future membership. The Alliance has been committed to building long-term peace and stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider Western Balkans since it started supporting the international community's efforts to end the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995). NATO played a key role in implementing the Dayton Peace Agreement (formally, the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or GFAP) and in securing this peace through peacekeeping deployments over a nine-year period from December 1995 to December 2004. In December 2004, primary responsibility for military aspects of GFAP was handed over to the European Union. NATO retains a military headquarters in Sarajevo with the primary mission of assisting the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina with reforms and commitments related to the Partnership for Peace (PfP) and closer integration with NATO, and the secondary mission of providing logistic and other support to the European Union Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as supporting the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia on a case-by-case basis. Bosnia and Herzegovina needs to continue pursuing democratic and defence reforms to fulfill its NATO and European Union aspirations and to become a fully functioning independent democratic state. Beyond supporting reform, another key objective of NATO's cooperation with Bosnia and Herzegovina is to develop the ability of the country's forces to work together with forces from NATO countries and other partners, especially in peacekeeping and crisis-management operations. Key areas of cooperation Key priorities for cooperation with Bosnia and Herzegovina include strengthening cooperation with European and Euro-Atlantic structures, the rule of law, democratic control of the armed forces and intelligence security system, defence reform, defence planning and budgeting, military interoperability, human resource management, crisis management and civil emergency planning, security system and protection of data, and public diplomacy. NATO also supports the wider democratic, institutional, and judicial reform process underway in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Security cooperation Since 2009, Bosnia and Herzegovina has contributed officers to the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan as part of the Danish and German contingents. More recently, it has committed itself to contributing to NATO's post-2014 mission in Afghanistan. Although not part of a NATO operation, the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina deployed an Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) platoon to Iraq from 2005 to 2008 and an infantry platoon during 2008, under the multinational coalition's operation. The authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina have signed and ratified the PfP Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) with the Allies, in accordance with its national legislation. The PfP SOFA is a multilateral agreement between NATO member and partner countries, which deals with the status of foreign forces while present on the territory of another state. This agreement facilitates Bosnia and Herzegovina's military-to-military cooperation and other practical cooperation with NATO member states and other partner countries. NATO and Bosnia and Herzegovina have started to improve the exchange of information on combating terrorism. The Allies are assisting the country in establishing a relevant counter-terrorist capability and providing advice on improving the existing national apparatus. Bosnia and Herzegovina has declared a number of forces and assets as potentially available for PfP activities, including for NATO-led crisis-response operations. Engineering (explosive ordnance disposal) capabilities and related equipment as well as other units could be available. The country has also made a number of training facilities available, including a Combat Training Centre at Manjača and a Peace Support Operations Training Centre at Butmir, which is the only certified PfP Training Centre in the region. A Professional Development Centre in Travnik has also been established that would be available within the PfP framework. Defence and security sector reform Defence and security sector reforms are core elements of cooperation. The Alliance as a whole and individual Allies have considerable expertise which Bosnia and Herzegovina can draw upon in this area. A key priority is working together to establish affordable and sustainable defence structures, which would reflect the security needs of the country and be able to provide usable military capabilities that are interoperable with those of the Alliance. A key aspect of the work of the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina up to 2004 concerned reform of the country's defence structures, which were divided into three separate structures for each of the country's main ethnic groups. Within the framework of a Defence Reform Commission (2003-2005), SFOR and NATO helped the country build a unified command and control structure, and develop joint doctrine and standards for training and equipment that are compatible with NATO standards. In March 2004, a newly established state-level defence ministry brought the country's separate armies under a single command structure. Subsequent to SFOR, NATO's military headquarters in Sarajevo took a leading role in the Defence Reform Commission during 2005, leading the effort that resulted in the complete merger of the entity armies into a single military force on 1 January 2006, and continues to work with Bosnia and Herzegovina on defence reform to this day. NATO's Secretary General has also appointed the Assistant Secretary General for Defence Policy and Planning as his Senior Representative for defence reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The country is working to develop fully professional armed forces that are interoperable with NATO forces and are manned by volunteers who meet high professional standards. The process of restructuring and reorganisation of the armed forces in order to reach these goals is ongoing. A key instrument for supporting such military and defence reforms is the PfP Planning and Review Process (PARP). The implementation of a NATO/Partnership Trust Fund project for assistance to redundant defence personnel has helped the country downsize its armed forces. This Trust Fund supported the reintegration of approximately 3,000 released personnel, whose contracts with the Bosnian Armed Forces ended between 2010 and 2012. A similar Trust Fund was conducted a few years earlier. Civil emergency planning NATO and Bosnia and Herzegovina carry out cooperation in the field of civil emergency planning. The country is developing its national civil emergency and disaster-management capabilities. In consultation with the Allies, the country has developed the legal framework for coping with civil emergencies, and is working to establish a civil crisis-information system to coordinate activities in the event of an emergency. In May 2014, Bosnia and Herzegovina requested assistance from NATO's Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre following devastating floods that hit the country. NATO coordinated emergency assistance from Allied and partner countries, sending for instance helicopters, boats, drinking water, food, shelter and funds. Public information Bosnia and Herzegovina and NATO aim to improve public access to information on the benefits of cooperation and Bosnia and Herzegovina's possible membership in the Alliance. To this end, a national NATO communications strategy is in place. Particular emphasis is placed on activities that entail sustainability and that link key stakeholders: government, civil society, and media. Regional exchange of best practices is an important element. NATO's Public Diplomacy Division closely cooperates with a number of partners including NATO's military headquarters in Sarajevo, non-governmental organisations, Allied embassies and others in the planning and implementation of public diplomacy activities to increase public awareness about cooperation with NATO and MAP. In every partner country an embassy of one of the NATO member states serves as a contact point and operates as a channel for disseminating information about the role and policies of the Alliance. The current NATO Contact Point Embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Embassy of the Republic of Turkey. Science and environment Under the Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme, Bosnia and Herzegovina has received grant awards for a number of cooperative projects, including seismic risk hazard reduction studies and legal aspects of countering terrorism. The aim is to increase scientific cooperation, such as in areas relevant to regional security issues and environmental initiatives. Framework for cooperation The country's cooperation with NATO is set out in an Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP). The first IPAP was agreed with the Alliance in September 2008 and an updated version was agreed in February 2011. These plans are designed to bring together all the various cooperation mechanisms through which the country interacts with the Alliance, sharpening the focus of activities to better support domestic reform efforts. Once the invitation to join the MAP is fully implemented, cooperation with Bosnia and Herzegovina and support for reform will be set out in an Annual National Programme under the MAP, replacing and building upon the IPAP. This programme will outline preparations for possible future membership, including political, economic, defence, resource, security and legal aspects. The IPAP is underpinned by practical cooperation in a range of other areas under the Individual Partnership Programme (IPP), which the country has developed with NATO since it first joined the Partnership for Peace (PfP) and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Bosnia and Herzegovina has also been participating in the PfP Planning and Review Process (PARP) since May 2007. The role of the PARP is to provide a structured basis for identifying forces and capabilities that could be available to the Alliance for multinational training, exercises and operations. It also serves as the principal mechanism used to guide and measure defence and military reform progress. A biennial process, the PARP is open to all partners on a voluntary basis. To facilitate cooperation, Bosnia and Herzegovina has a diplomatic mission at NATO Headquarters as well as a liaison office at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE, Belgium) and an officer at Allied Joint Force Command Naples. Milestones in relations 1993 In April, NATO begins Operation Deny Flight to prevent aerial intrusion over Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). 1995 The Dayton Peace Agreement is signed on 14 December. The 60,000-strong NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR) deploys to implement the military aspects of the peace agreement. IFOR is NATO's first peacekeeping operation. 1996 In September, the first elections are held in Bosnia and Herzegovina; the Allies agree to maintain a security presence in the country to facilitate the country's reconstruction. The Stabilisation Force (SFOR) replaces IFOR in December. 2003 Establishment of a state-level command structure over the two entity armies in December 2004 In December, the European Union peacekeeping force (EUFOR) takes over responsibility for maintaining security in Bosnia and Herzegovina. NATO supports the operation through the Berlin Plus arrangements, and establishes a military headquarters to administer this support while carrying out its primary mission of supporting the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina with defence reforms and anticipated PfP commitments. 2005 Agreement to merge the two entity armies into a single military force, the Armed Forces of BiH, on 1 January 2006 2006 Bosnia and Herzegovina joins the PfP and agrees its first Individual Partnership Programme (IPP). 2007 Bosnia and Herzegovina joins the PfP Planning and Review Process (PARP). 2008 In April, the country is invited by NATO to begin an Intensified Dialogue on the full range of political, military, financial, and security issues relating to its aspirations to membership. In September, Bosnia and Herzegovina agrees its first Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) with NATO. 2009 Bosnia and Herzegovina deploys officers to the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan 2010 In April, Bosnia and Herzegovina is invited to join the Membership Action Plan, pending the resolution of a key issue concerning immovable defence property. 2011 In February, Bosnia and Herzegovina agrees its second IPAP with NATO 2012 In May, at NATO's Chicago Summit, Allied leaders welcome the political agreement reached in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 March 2012 on the registration of immovable defence property as state property. They urge political leaders to implement the agreement without delay to allow the country to start participation in the Membership Action Plan. In July, NATO's Deputy Secretary General visits Bosnia and Herzegovina and other countries in the region aspiring to NATO membership. 2013 The NATO Secretary General visits Sarajevo in February. 2014 The IPAP Assessment of Bosnia and Herzegovina for 2013 is agreed in February. On 18 March, Mr Željko Komšić, member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, visits NATO Headquarters for talks with NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and to attend a meeting of the North Atlantic Council. 21 May, the NATO Secretary General meets government officials in Sarajevo and reiterates NATO's support to the membership aspirations of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Peace support operations in -
Peace support operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina NATO conducted its first major crisis response operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR) was deployed in December 1995 to implement the military aspects of the Dayton Peace Agreement and was replaced a year later by the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR). SFOR helped to maintain a secure environment and facilitate the country's reconstruction in the wake of the 1992-1995 war. In the light of the improved security situation in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider region, the Alliance brought SFOR to a conclusion in December 2004 and the European Union (EU) took on NATO's stabilisation role. NATO provides planning, logistic and command support for the EU-led Operation Althea, in accordance with the Berlin Plus arrangements agreed between the two organisations. NATO is also maintaining a military headquarters in Sarajevo. It carries out a number of specific tasks related, in particular, to assisting the government in reforming its defence structures, working on counter-terrorism and apprehending war-crime suspects. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a NATO Partner country in December 2006 and is focusing on introducing democratic, institutional and defence reforms, as well as developing practical cooperation in other areas. Aim and implementation of IFOR and SFOR IFOR The Implementation Force (IFOR) was deployed in Bosnia and Herzegovina in December 1995 with a one-year mandate. IFOR operated under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, deriving its authority from UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1031 of 15 December 1995. This gave it a mandate not just to maintain peace, but also, where necessary, to enforce it. As such and strictly speaking, IFOR was a peace enforcement operation, which was more generally referred to as a peace support operation. This was also the case for SFOR. IFOR's aim IFOR aimed to oversee implementation of the military aspects of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the accord ending the Bosnian War. Its main task was to guarantee the end of hostilities and separate the armed forces of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the one hand, and Republika Srpska, on the other. IFOR in the field IFOR oversaw the transfer of territory between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, the demarcation of the inter-entity boundary and the removal of heavy weapons into approved cantonment sites. As the situation on the ground improved, IFOR began providing support to organisations involved in overseeing the implementation of the civilian aspects of the Dayton Peace Agreement, including the Office of the High Representative, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the United Nations. IFOR's goals were essentially completed by the September 1996 elections. As the situation was still potentially unstable and much remained to be accomplished on the civilian side, NATO agreed to deploy a new Stabilisation Force (SFOR) from December 1996. SFOR The Stabilisation Force (SFOR) operated under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, deriving its authority from UN Security Council Resolution 1088 of 12 December 1996. As was the case for IFOR, it was a peace enforcement operation that was more generally referred to as a peace support operation. SFOR's aim SFOR's primary task was to contribute to a safe and secure environment conducive to civil and political reconstruction. Specifically, SFOR was tasked to deter or prevent a resumption of hostilities; to promote a climate in which the peace process could continue to move forward; and, to provide selective support within its means and capabilities to civilian organisations involved in this process. SFOR in the field FOR's activities ranged from patrolling and providing area security through supporting defence reform and supervising de-mining operations, to arresting individuals indicted for war crimes and assisting the return of refugees and displaced people to their homes. Keeping the peace SFOR troops carried out regular patrols throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina to maintain a secure environment. Multinational specialised units were deployed to deal with instances of unrest. SFOR also collected and destroyed unregistered weapons and ordnance in private hands, in order to contribute to the overall safety of the population and to build confidence in the peace process. In 2003 alone, SFOR disposed of more than 11,000 weapons and 45,000 grenades. SFOR was also one of several organisations involved in de-mining in Bosnia and Herzegovina. NATO forces carried out some de-mining themselves and helped to set up de-mining schools in Banja Luka, Mostar and Travnik. They also helped to establish a sniffer dog training school in Bihac. Furthermore, SFOR had Multinational Specialised Units (MSU) that assisted the EU Police Mission (EUPM). The EUPM is responsible for helping the Bosnian authorities develop local police forces that meet the highest European and international standards, through monitoring, mentoring and inspecting police managerial and operational capacities. Reforming defence establishments A key aspect of SFOR's work in Bosnia and Herzegovina concerned reform of the country's defence structures, which had been divided into three rival ethnic groups at the end of hostilities. Within the framework of a Defence Reform Commission, both SFOR and NATO worked to help Bosnia and Herzegovina build a unified command and control structure and to develop joint doctrine and standards for training and equipment that are compatible with NATO and Partnership for Peace (PfP) norms. In March 2004, a state-level Defence Minister brought the country's two separate armies under a single command structure. NATO's military headquarters in Sarajevo has a leadership role in the Defence Reform Commission and is continuing to work on defence reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Arresting war-crimes suspects Although the apprehension of indicted war criminals was officially the responsibility of the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, NATO forces were instrumental in most arrests that have taken place. In total, SFOR brought 39 war-crimes suspects to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague (ICTY). SFOR also provided security and logistical support to ICTY investigative teams as well as surveillance of and ground patrolling around alleged mass graves. Through its military headquarters in Sarajevo, NATO remains committed to bring to justice all war-crimes suspects still at large. Contributing to reconstruction In addition to helping other organisations working on Bosnia and Herzegovina's reconstruction, SFOR launched its own Civil-Military Co-operation (CIMIC) projects in areas such as structural engineering and transportation. SFOR participated in the maintenance and repair of roads and railways in collaboration with the local authorities and other international agencies. This work was critical to providing freedom of movement throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. Command of the missions As for all NATO operations, political control and co-ordination are provided by the North Atlantic Council, NATO's senior political decision-making body. Strategic command and control is exercised by NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe (SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium. Command of IFOR Admiral Leighton Smith commanded IFOR (COMIFOR) from the start of the operation on 20 December 1995 until 31 July 1996. Admiral T. Joseph Lopez then took command until 7 November 1996, followed by General William Crouch from 7 November 1996 to 20 December 1996. The COMIFOR was based at operational headquarters in Zagreb, Croatia. Lieutenant General Michael Walker, Commander Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps (COMARRC) acted as Commander for IFOR's land component throughout the operation. Command of SFOR Following the hand-over to SFOR in December 1996, the command structure, as directed by the North Atlantic Council (NAC), was broadened to include a deputy SFOR commander, a deputy operational commander and divisional commanders at the head of each MNTF (1,800 - 2,000 troops). This structure comprised 300 staff at HQSFOR at Camp Butmir in Sarajevo, led by the Commander of SFOR (COMSFOR) and three Multi-National Task Forces (MNTFs) working in different areas: MNTF-North (MNTF-N) based in Tuzla; MNTF-Southeast (MNTF-SE) based in Mostar; and MNTF-Northwest (MTNF-NW) based in Banja Luka. Restructuring of SFOR The NAC reviewed SFOR periodically at six monthly junctures to assess the force's effectiveness. On 25 October 1999 the NAC, based upon the improved security situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, reduced and restructured SFOR. Headquarters remained at Camp Butmir in Sarajevo but MNTFs were reduced in size from divisions to brigades. Each MNTF still retained individual brigade commanders. In addition a Tactical Reserve Force of 1,000 battle-ready troops was created. As was the case with IFOR, every NATO member with armed forces committed troops to SFOR. Iceland, the only NATO country without armed forces, provided medical personnel. Outside of NATO countries, contributors were: Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia (which all became NATO members at a later stage), Austria, Argentina, Finland, Ireland, Morocco, Russia, and Sweden; and by special arrangement with the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. All forces incorporated into SFOR came under the command of COMSFOR and the NAC. Commanders of SFOR – COMSFOR Gen. William Crouch, US A 20 Dec 1996 - 30 Jul 1997 Gen. Eric Shinseki, US A 30 Jul 1997 - 23 Oct 1998 Gen. Montgomery Meigs, US A 23 Oct 1998 - 18 Oct 1999 Lt. Gen. Ronald Adams, US A 18 Oct 1999 - 08 Sep 2000 Lt. Gen. Michael Dodson, US A 08 Sep 2000 - 07 Sep 2001 Lt. Gen. John B. Sylvester, US A 07 Sep 2001 - 07 Oct 2002 Lt. Gen. William E. Ward, US A 08 Oct 2002 - 01 Oct 2003 Maj. Gen. Virgil L. Packett II, US A 02 Oct 2003 - 04 Oct 2004 Brig. Gen. Steven P. Schook, US A 05 Oct 2004 - 02 Dec 2004 The evolution of NATO's assistance A four-year war started in Bosnia and Herzegovina when Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia¹, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia) broke up at the end of the Cold War. NATO's involvement in Bosnia and Herzegovina began in 1992. In June of that year, NATO foreign ministers stated that, on a case-by-case basis, the Alliance would support peacekeeping activities under the responsibility of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (subsequently renamed the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe). A month later, in July 1992, NATO began monitoring operations in the Adriatic in support of the UNSCR 713 and 757 imposing an arms embargo and sanctions in the former Yugoslavia. By October 1992, NATO AWACS aircraft were monitoring operations in support of UNSCR 781, imposing a no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina. And in November, NATO and the Western European Union began to enforce the sanctions and embargo imposed by UNSCR 787. By the end of the year, NATO declared that it stood ready to support peacekeeping operations under the authority of the United Nations. NATO's first ever military engagement After the United Nations authorised the enforcement of a no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina, NATO began Operation Deny Flight in April 1993. On 28 February 1994, four warplanes violating the no-fly zone were shot down by NATO aircraft in the Alliance's first military engagement. At the request of the United Nations, NATO provided close air support to the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR) on the ground and carried out air strikes to protect UN-designated safe havens. Air strikes were conducted against targets such as tanks, ammunition depots and air defence radars. NATO's air operations against Bosnian Serb positions in August and September 1995 helped pave the way for a comprehensive peace agreement. The operation, Deliberate Force, lasted for 12 days and helped shift the balance of power between parties on the ground. It also helped persuade the Bosnian Serb leadership that the benefits of negotiating a peace agreement outweighed those of continuing to wage war. On 14 December 1995, after negotiations in Dayton, Ohio, the General Framework Agreement for Peace was signed in Paris, France. The Dayton Peace Agreement establishes Bosnia and Herzegovina as a single, democratic and multiethnic state with two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska. And the first major crisis response operation IFOR was the Alliance's first major crisis response operation. It was set up to implement the military aspects of the Dayton Peace Agreement, when NATO took over responsibility for military operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina from UNPROFOR. IFOR's goals were essentially completed by the September 1996 elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, as the situation was still potentially unstable and much remained to be accomplished on the civilian side, NATO agreed to deploy a new Stabilisation Force (SFOR) from December 1996. Mission hand-over to the European Union At their Istanbul Summit in June 2004, NATO leaders decided to bring SFOR to a conclusion by the end of the year as a result of the improved security situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider region. The SFOR mission was officially ended on 2 December 2004. In its place, a European Union-led force is deployed, known as Operation Althea. The Alliance is providing planning, logistic and command support for the EU mission, in the framework of a package of agreements known as "Berlin Plus". These agreements provide the overall framework for NATO-EU cooperation. NATO HQ Sarajevo The primary role of this NATO Military Liaison and Advisory Mission (NATO HQ Sarajevo) is to assist Bosnia and Herzegovina with defence reform. It also aims to help the country meet requirements for its participation in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PfP) programme. NATO HQ Sarajevo undertakes certain operational tasks such as counter-terrorism while ensuring force protection, support to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, with the detention of persons indicted for war crimes, and intelligence-sharing with the European Union. In sum, the NATO HQ Sarajevo complements the work of the EU mission with specific competencies. Facts and figures Contributing countries Over the course of these missions, a total of 36 Allied and Partner countries contributed troops. In addition, soldiers from five countries that were neither NATO members nor Partner countries participated at different times, namely Argentina, Australia, Chile, Malaysia and New Zealand. Troop numbers IFOR IFOR was a 60,000-strong force that was deployed for one year. SFOR SFOR originally comprised 31,000 troops. By early 2001 they had been reduced to 19,000 and, in spring 2002, the decision was taken to reduce troops to 12,000 by end 2002. By 2004, they totaled 7,000. 1. Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.
Building Integrity (BI) Programme
Building Integrity (BI) Programme The Building Integrity (BI) Programme provides practical tools to help participating countries strengthen integrity, transparency and accountability and reduce the risk of corruption in the defence and security sectors. It promotes good practice, processes and methodologies, and provides countries with tailored support to make defence and security institutions more effective. The BI Programme is tailored to meet national needs and requirements. It is demand-driven and participation is on a voluntary basis. It is open to all NATO Allies and partners (members of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the Mediterranean Dialogue, Istanbul Cooperation Initiative and partners across the globe). Requests from other countries are reviewed by NATO on a case-by-case basis. As of April 2014, 16 countries are engaged in the Self-Assessment Questionnaire and Peer Review Process: Afghanistan, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Colombia, Croatia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, the Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Serbia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia¹ and Ukraine. The BI Programme supports the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security and related resolutions, and has integrated a gender perspective into its methodology and practical tools. The programme was established by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in November 2007 in the framework of the Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building (PAP-DIB), which helps partners to develop effective and efficient defence institutions under civilian and democratic control. At the Chicago Summit in 2012, NATO Heads of State and Government established BI as a NATO discipline and agreed the development of a BI Education and Training Plan. In December 2013, when NATO Foreign Ministers identified defence capacity-building support to partners and, potentially non-partner countries as a key objective, BI was earmarked as an instrument to help promote democratic values and human rights, contribute more generally to security and stability, and to help develop or enhance interoperability. 1. Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name. The Building Integrity toolkit The BI Programme focuses on developing practical tools to help participants strengthen integrity, transparency, accountability and reduce the risk of corruption in the defence and security sector. The toolkit includes: The BI Self-Assessment Questionnaire and Peer Review Process; Tailored Programmes; Education and training activities; Publications. The BI Self-Assessment Questionnaire and Peer Review Process The BI Programme includes a set of tools available to help countries assess the risk of corruption in their ministries and strengthen good governance. Participation is on a voluntary basis and BI support is tailor-made to meet national needs and requirements. Completing the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) is the first step in the process. Participating countries that decide to take part in the BI programme can, on a voluntary basis, fill it in to get a snap shot of their existing procedures and practices. This diagnostic tool addresses current business practice in the defence and security sector, including: Democratic control and engagement; National anti-corruption laws and policy; Anti-corruption policy in the defence and security sector; Personnel code of conduct, policy, training and discipline; Planning and budgeting; Operations; Procurement; Engagement with defence companies and suppliers. While primarily intended for ministries of defence, some participating countries have applied the SAQ to other ministries in the defence and security sector. The completed SAQ is forwarded to the International Staff at NATO Headquarters, responsible for conducting the Peer Review and in-country consultations. A NATO-led expert review team puts forward recommendations, which are coordinated with the country in question (as is the composition of the review team). The completed SAQ is reviewed with government representatives in order to understand the current situation, exchange views on best practices and on practical steps to strengthen the transparency, accountability and integrity of the defence and security sector. It is strongly recommended that the SAQ and peer reviews be developed with contributions from parliamentarians and the civil society including NGOs, media and academics. A Peer Review Report is then prepared on the basis of the completed SAQ and consultations in capitals. The report identifies good practices as well as recommendations for improvement and action. This is intended to help countries develop a BI Action Plan should they wish to so, making use of existing BI and other NATO mechanisms. They are also encouraged to take advantage of expertise from within their own countries so as to promote transparency and build local capacity. Where possible, the BI programme is integrated and aligned with national processes as well as NATO partnership mechanisms, including the Individual Partnership Cooperation Programme, the Membership Action Plan, the Partnership Planning and Review Process, and for Afghanistan, the Enduring Partnership. This also includes identifying opportunities to link with other ongoing programmes such as the Professional Development Programme for Georgia and Ukraine. Countries can request BI support without ever being obliged to implement the next phase. The whole process can be conducted on a one-off basis or as part of a repeated cycle. Tailored programmes Two tailored programmes aiming to meet the specific needs and requirements of the countries concerned were developed by BI: the Tailored BI Programme on South Eastern Europe (SEE) under the auspices of the South Eastern Europe Defence Ministerial process and the Tailored BI Programme for Building Integrity and Reducing the Risk of Corruption in the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). Education and training Education and training are key to making and sustaining change and to producing long-term benefits. A large spectrum of tailored educational activities addressing subjects such as NATO's operations and missions and ongoing efforts to contribute to good governance in the defence and security sector can be offered to assist participating countries. These include residence, online and mobile courses; activities organised periodically and others on demand to address special needs, pre-deployment and professional development training; and "train-the-trainers "events. They are aimed at personnel in the defence and security sector (civilian and military) and can be held in different languages. Some courses are organised directly by the Alliance and others by the NATO BI implementing partners. The BI Education and Training Plan is developed in cooperation with the NATO Military Authorities and agreed by the North Atlantic Council, NATO's top political decision-making body. Working in cooperation with Allied Command Transformation, the NATO International Staff defines the required capabilities and performance competencies to be developed through the education and training activities. The Centre for Integrity in the Defence Sector (CIDS, Norway) is responsible of translating operational requirements into education and training objectives with a subject, programme, module and/or course (a NATO BI Programme of Instruction certificated by ACT). Publications Publications are regularly produced and distributed by NATO and implementing partners to support the entire process. For instance, Building Integrity and Reducing Corruption in Defence: a Compendium of Best Practices provides a strategic approach to reducing corruption risks. It focuses on practicalities of designing and implementing integrity-building programmes in defence, while taking into account the cultural specifics of defence organisations. Building Integrity in Defence Establishment: a Ukrainian Case Study offers the final results of a BI project in the form of a policy paper with practical recommendations for the Ukrainian government on the ways of decreasing the risk of corruption. Implementation The BI Programme is developed and managed by the NATO International Staff (IS), in close cooperation with NATO Military Authorities, including the NATO Military Staff as well as Allied Command Transformation, Allied Command Operations and subordinated commands. They meet regularly in the framework of a task force meeting led by NATO IS. A network of implementing partners drawn from NATO and non-NATO countries, civil society and other international organisations also contribute to the BI initiative. They provide expert advice, host events and conduct research and analysis. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDOC, Vienna) Centre for Integrity in the Defence Sector (CIDS, Norway) Defence Resources Management Institute (DRMI, USA) EUPOL Mission to Afghanistan Geneva Centre for Democratic Control of the Armed Forces (DCAF, Switzerland) Ministry of Defence, Bulgaria Ministry of Defence, Norway NATO School Oberammergau (NSO, Germany) Naval Postgraduate School (NPS, USA) Norwegian Agency for Public Management and Government PfP Training Centre for Governance and Leadership (UK) Turkish PfP Training Centre Peace Support Operations Training Centre (PSOTC, Bosnia and Herzegovina) Swedish National Defence College Transparency International UK Chapter (TI, United Kingdom) The NATO International Staff also work closely with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the World Bank (Kabul Office) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB, Kabul Office). Subject matter experts (SMEs) drawn from national civilian and defence ministries, international organisations and civil society also provide advice and take an active role in the development and implementation of all aspects of the BI Programme. The BI Programme is supported by voluntary contributions to a Trust Fund, which is managed by the IS at NATO Headquarters and led by Belgium, Bulgaria, Norway, Poland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 2. Contributions to the BI Trust Fund are used for capacity building within ministries and, according to principles of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), are considered as Official Development Assistance. Video Building Integrity: Publication in Arabic 16 Oct. 2012 newYTPlayer('4cfNtiqi1F0','90871',530,300); Cross-interview with Ambassador Benedict de Cerjat, Head of the Swiss Mission to NATO, Ambassador Dirk Brengelmann, Assistant Secretary General for NATO Political Affairs and Security Policy and Mr. Yassine Foukara, Director of Strategy and Studies of ... Building Integrity: Publication in Arabic 16 Oct. 2012 Cross-interview with Ambassador Benedict de Cerjat, Head of the Swiss Mission to NATO, Ambassador Dirk Brengelmann, Assistant Secretary General for NATO Political Affairs and Security Policy and Mr. Yassine Foukara, Director of Strategy and Studies of ... Building Integrity: MD and ICI 16 Oct. 2012 Remarks by Mr. Nicola de Santis, Head of the Middle East and North Africa Section at NATO Headquarters on Building Integrity and NATO's outreach to the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Building Integrity: DCAF Experts 16 Oct. 2012 Cross-Interview with Dr. Phillip Fluri, Deputy Head at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces and Professor Haykel Ben Mahfoudh, Senior Advisor at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces in Tunis on Building Int.


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New Year's
Make this New Year's celebration a bash and dig into your creative side to pick out this year's New Years Eve Decorations ! There are so many reasons you should decorate for New Year's and one of them is to have total and complete fun, after all New Year's comes but once a year! The New Year's holiday brings friends and family close together to bring in a new year of joy and a new year of life. Another reason for celebrating New Year's is that you get to dress up! Everyone loves to look nice and looking festive for the occasion always turns people's heads. Be creative with your theme! Black and white party supplies are available for anyone who wants a black and white party. Finally, the best reason to celebrate New Year's is because it is a day that we can all start fresh. We all just want to have fun and that's what a party is for! New Year's is just another reason for all of us to let loose and remember the year that has gone by so fast. Check out our New Year's Party Kits and supply your friends with the items to go all out at midnight! They would be sure to enjoy the hats and blow horns to ring in the New Year. And just when you think the party is winding down you can spark up the fun with our New Years Items . These items include hats, tiaras, confetti, noisemakers, and even light ups!


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The impact smashed the patrol car's windshield, leaving the deputy with cuts on his arm and glass in his eyes.
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A wanted man has been arrested after he rear-ended a Spokane, Washington, detective's car
22-year-old Felicitas Flores was booked into jail on counts including auto theft and drunk driving
Police said the man shot at police and six officers returned fire on two occasions Saturday
A sheriff's deputy died during the pursuit of a suspect Thursday
Ryan James Mullins was dragging the safe when he was caught Tuesday