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NFPA Journal®, July/August 2008
By Z. G. Liu, A. Kashef, G. Crampton, and G. Lougheed, with Daniel T. Gottuk and Kathleen H. Almand
Fire detection systems play a crucial role in ensuring safe evacuation and firefighting operations in road tunnels, but information on the performance of these systems in tunnels has been limited. Recently, the Fire Protection Research Foundation completed a two-year international research project, with the support of private- and public-sector organizations, to determine some of the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of detection systems and the factors that can affect their performance in tunnel environments. The study also evaluated false alarm rates and maintenance requirements in tunnel environments. Although this research was conducted on road tunnels, the findings should apply to other tunnels, such as those used in subway systems.
As part of the project, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) conducted two series of tests in the Carleton University-NRC tunnel facility to investigate the performance of detection systems under minimal and longitudinal airflow conditions. In addition, NRC conducted tests in the Carré-Viger Tunnel in Montréal, as well as a computer modeling study. Hughes Associates conducted environmental and demonstration fire tests in the Lincoln Tunnel in New York City.
The project studied nine fire detection systems that covered five types of currently available technologies (see Table 1). The system suppliers installed all the fire detection systems in the laboratory tunnel facility, as well as the Carré-Viger and Lincoln Tunnels. The performance of the detection systems, including response times and ability to locate and monitor a fire in the tunnel and the effect of the tunnel environment, were evaluated under the same conditions.
Tests in the laboratory tunnel facility Two series of full-scale fire tests were conducted in the laboratory tunnel facility, which was 10 meters wide, 5.5 meters high, and 37 meters long. The first series of tests was conducted under no-ventilation conditions; airflow speed was kept as close as possible to zero. The second series was conducted under longitudinal airflow conditions by operating the facility fan system in exhaust mode to draw air through the tunnel in the east-west direction (see Figure 1). The airflow speeds in the test series were 0, 5,and 10 feet (0, 1.5, and 3 meters) per second.
Three types of fire scenarios involving various fire sizes, types, locations, and growth rates were used in the laboratory tunnel: flammable pool fires, stationary passenger vehicle fires, and moving vehicle fires.
The fire scenarios involved fire sizes from 125 to 3,500 kilowatts; fire growth rates from 1 to 12 minutes to maximum heat release rates; locations that included an open fire, fires beneath a vehicle, and fires behind a large vehicle; and various types of fuel, including gasoline, propane, wood cribs, and foam. For the moving vehicle fire, different directions and speeds were considered. These fire scenarios were considered representative of the majority of tunnel fires that present a challenge to fire detection systems.
Fire conditions and smoke spread in the laboratory tunnel were monitored using 55 thermocouples at the tunnel ceiling, two thermocouple trees, three smoke meters, five heat flux meters, one velocity meter, and two video cameras.
The fire detection systems' response to the test fires depended on the type of fuel, the size of the fire, the fire's location, and the fire's growth rate, as well as the detection method. Pool fires underneath the vehicle were challenging because the vehicle's body contained the flames and heat the fire produced (see Figure 2). The vehicle's body also limited the size of the fire when airflow in the tunnel was limited. In addition, the view of the flames from the front of the vehicle was partially obstructed by a simulated vehicle placed between the detectors and the fire source. Most of the detection systems found detecting a small fire underneath a vehicle difficult. With an increase in the size of the fire, however, more detectors responded and their detection times decreased.
The pool fire located behind a large vehicle was a challenge for the detectors that detected fires based on flame characteristics, because the vehicle obstructed the view of the flames. However, the large vehicle in front of the fire did not affect the burning process, the temperature development, or smoke spread in the tunnel. More detection systems were able to detect fires behind a vehicle with shorter response times than fires located under a vehicle.
The response of fire detection systems to the stationary vehicle fires in the engine and passenger compartments was slow because these fires developed very slowly, and the flame, heat, and smoke they produced were limited during the initial few minutes after ignition. The fire detection systems also found detecting a small moving fire difficult, since there was no change in the temperature or smoke density in the tunnel. The optical flame detector detected the moving fire at 17 miles (27 kilometers) per hour, but not at the speed of 31 miles (50 kilometers) per hour. No other fire detector or detection system responded to the moving fires.
The results of tests under longitudinal airflow conditions showed that the fire detection systems' response times could be increased or decreased, depending on the fire scenario, airflow speeds, and detection method. The response times of heat and smoke detection systems were generally shorter than those under low airflow conditions, as the airflow increased the burning rate of the pool fire. For the optical flame and video image detection (VID) detectors, there was no systematic change in response time.
The response times of heat detection systems to pool fires behind a large vehicle generally increased as the temperatures in the tunnel were affected by the airflow. The response time for the optical flame detector and VID fire detectors generally increased with an increase in airflow speed.
The Carré-Viger Tunnel tests Another series of full-scale fire tests was conducted in the Carré-Viger Tunnel in collaboration with the Ministry of Transportation of Québec to investigate the performance of fire detection systems in a real tunnel environment and at their maximum detection distance. The four-lane test section was 1,968.5 feet (600 meters) long, 16 feet (5 meters) high, and 56 feet (17 meters) wide, and the tunnel was equipped with four jet fans.
Six detection systems that were used in the laboratory tunnel tests were also installed in the Carré-Viger Tunnel, including two linear heat detection systems, one optical flame detector, and three VID systems. The fire scenarios, which were selected from those used in the laboratory tunnel tests, included small open pool fires of approximately 125 kilowatts, a pool fire of approximately 625 kilowatts underneath a simulated vehicle, and a pool fire behind a simulated vehicle. The fire source was placed at different locations in the tunnel. Four longitudinal airflow speeds were used: 0, 4, 7, and 8 feet (0, 1.3, 2, and 2.4 meters) per second. Instrumentation included thermocouples, smoke meters, velocity meters, and video cameras.
General observations on the performance of the fire detection systems in the Carré-Viger Tunnel tests indicated that the systems worked well in an operating tunnel. Their performances were consistent with those determined in the laboratory tunnel tests under the same test conditions.
The response times for the detection systems are shown in Figure 3. One of the linear heat detection systems responded to small fires, based on the rate of rise of temperature, while the other detected only fires located at two positions. The optical flame detector detected small fires in its detection range of approximately 98 feet (30 meters). The three VID detectors detected the small fires at their maximum detection range of 197 feet (60 meters).
Comparing test data NRC researchers performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, using the fire dynamic simulator (FDS) CFD model, to compare numerical predictions against experimental data from the laboratory and field experiments. The initial and boundary conditions of each simulation mimic the conditions of the corresponding test. Researchers compared temperature and smoke optical density measurements, then conducted CFD simulations to determine the impact of various fire scenarios, ventilation modes, and tunnel lengths on fire behavior and detection system performance. Information from the model can be used to develop test protocols and to understand and optimize the performance of fire detection systems for road tunnel protection.
Researchers made comparisons of simulated and actual ceiling temperatures for the unventilated pool fire under the vehicle fire scenario. In the general, the comparisons were favorable. The comparisons of ceiling temperatures were, in general, favorable. Although the numerical predictions fluctuated with rather large amplitudes, especially at locations close to the fire, the experimental results did not exhibit the same fluctuations. This can be attributed to the fact that the frequency of data collection was coarser than that used for the numerical predictions and the numerical procedure did perfectly replicate the plume shape.
Researchers also conducted CFD simulations to determine the impact of various parameters, such as fire scenario, ventilation mode, and tunnel length, on fire behavior and detection system performance. Four ventilation conditions were studied: no ventilation, longitudinal ventilation, fully transverse ventilation, and semi-transverse ventilation. Tunnels 123 feet (37.5 meters) long, similar to the length of the laboratory facility, and 1,640 feet (500 meters) long were simulated. The two tunnels were 18 feet (5.5 meters) high and 33 feet (10 meters) and 39 feet (12 meters) wide, respectively.
Both temperature and soot profiles were similar for the two lengths. Thus, the CFD simulations predict that the length of the tunnel has no significant effect on the ceiling temperature or smoke accumulation over the modeled length. Figure 4 shows the comparisons of ceiling temperatures for the simulation of a 3- by 6.5-foot (1- by 2-meter) pool fire under a vehicle for a test in the laboratory tunnel without longitudinal airflow.
Fire tests in the Lincoln Tunnel With support from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, four detection systems representing three fire detection technologies were installed in the south tube of the Lincoln Tunnel. These systems were monitored over the course of 10 months to evaluate their performance, particularly as it concerned maintenance and nuisance alarms. In addition to long-term monitoring, researchers conducted fire demonstrations in the tunnel to document the response of the detection systems when exposed to a set of controlled test fires.
The three types of fire detection technologies evaluated were VID for flame and smoke, optical flame detection (OFD), and air sampling detection (ASD) for smoke, represented by four detection systems, all monitored by the Lincoln Tunnel Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system.
To evaluate the fire detection capabilities of the systems, the Port Authority conducted a set of fires typically used for annual mutual-aid drills with local fire departments in New Jersey and New York.
The simulated vehicle fire consisted of burning diesel fuel inside a gutted van from which all the windows had been removed. The fuel was ignited with gasoline and burned in two vertical halves of a 55-gallon (208-liter) drum laid in the back of the van. The fire, the size of which was estimated at 1 to 2 megawatts, produced large quantities of black smoke, but flames were visible at the detector locations through the broken windows. The back of the van was facing the detectors, and the back window measured 5 square feet (0.44 square meters). As the fire grew, flames spread out of the open side windows. All the fires were extinguished 5 minutes after they were ignited.
Researchers conducted five fire tests. Because of the limited field of view outside the burning vehicle and the concealed nature of the fire, this fire scenario presented a challenge to all the detection systems. The ASD systems performed best.
The four detection systems in the Lincoln Tunnel were monitored for false alarm propensity over 10 months. During this time, the tunnel was exposed to outside temperatures ranging from 10°F (-12°C) to 92°F (33°C). There was 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow and 8 inches (19 centimeters) of rain. The detectors were also exposed to high soot and dirt levels from the traffic and to overspray when the tunnel walls and ceiling were periodically washed with a water-and-soap solution.
The severe environments in the Lincoln Tunnel were a challenge for many of the systems. However, the flame VID system experienced no nuisance alarms, and the ASD system had only two alarms. Keeping optical windows clean was a substantial problem that caused faults with both the flame detectors and the smoke and flame VID system.
For the smoke and flame VID system, false alarms were primarily due to flashing lights on 67service vehicles and weather conditions that fouled the camera window or caused fog and headlights to trip the system. The reflection of sunlight into the tunnel entrance was also a significant cause of nuisance alarms, as was the general dirt and grime in the tunnel.
What we learned In general, roadway tunnels are challenging environments for fire detection systems, both in terms of the detection challenge and the environmental conditions under which these systems must operate. Each of the five currently available detection technologies for tunnel applications investigated in the study has particular strengths and weaknesses for specific fire scenarios. These results and other information provided by this research program to detection system manufacturers that will lead to further improvements in technology. In the meantime, tunnel specialists can use the information from this study to determine the most appropriate technology for their application. The NFPA Technical Committee responsible for NFPA 502, Limited Access Highways, Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Elevated Roadways, will consider this information in the further development of the standard.


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Paul Allen's Tatoosh Yacht For Sale
Filed under: Yachts & Sailing
Paul Allen shows up on the World's Largest Yachts lists two times in the top thirty, once with the Octopus at number nine, and again at 26 with the 92.42-meter (303.2-feet) Tatoosh. That latter ship has been put up for sale by Fraser Yachts in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida for €125,000,000 ($160,665,483 U.S.). Designed by Kusch Yachts and with an interior by Terence Disdale, the Tatoosh was built in 2001 by HDW Nobiskrug and refitted just this year. There is enough room aboard for 20 guests and 30 crew, a motorboat and helipad, numerous tenders, and all the Microsoft products you will ever own.

subset: commoncrawl


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More copies of this ISBNThis title in other editionsOther titles in the Hollows series:A Perfect Bloodby Kim Harrison
Synopses & ReviewsPublisher Comments:"I wouldnt miss a Kim Harrison book for anything."
—Charlaine Harris Theres nothing more darkly satisfying than time spent in the Hollows—New York Times bestseller Kim Harrisons alternate urban fantasy Cincinnati where vampires, pixies, and werewolves roam free. Harrison takes us back in A Perfect Blood, as former bounty hunter witch-turned-reluctant daywalking demon Rachel Morgan investigates a series of ritual murders, only to discover to her horror that whomever—or whatever—is responsible is actually seeking her blood. Rachels sexy, supernatural adventures have consistently landed atop bestseller lists from coast-to-coast, and A Perfect Blood is no exception—another supremely satisfying excursion to a deliciously eerie fantasy realm thats certain to delight Kim Harrisons voracious army of fans…not to mention Laurell K. Hamilton, Charlaine Harris, Jim Butcher, Kelley Armstrong, Patricia Briggs, and Stephanie Meyers aficionados, and any reader who craves a walk on the wild, dark side. Synopsis: Being a goddess is a lot less fun than you might think. Especially when youre only a half goddess, and you only found out about it recently, and you still dont know what youre doing half the time. And when youve just used your not-so-reliable powers to burglarize the booby-trapped office of a vampire mob boss. Yeah, that part sucks. But thats just the tip of the iceberg for Cassandra Palmer, aka the Pythia, the freshly minted chief seer of the supernatural world. After all, Cassie still has to save a friend from a fate worse than death, deal with an increasingly possessive master vampire, and prevent a party of her own acolytes from unleashing a storm of fury upon the world. Totally just your average day at the office, right? Synopsis:Ritually murdered corpses are appearing across Cincinnati, terrifying amalgams of human and other.
Pulled in by the FIB to help investigate, former witch-turned-day-walking demon Rachel Morgan soon realizes a horrifying truth: others want to create their own demons, and to do so they need her blood. Shes faced vampires, witches, werewolves, demons, and more—but this time Rachels toughest challenge might be humanity itself. About the Author#1 New York Times bestselling author Kim Harrison was born and raised in Michigan, and has recently returned there to escape the South Carolina heat. Her bestselling Hollows novels include Dead Witch Walking; The Good, the Bad, and the Undead; Every Which Way But Dead; A Fistful of Charms; For a Few Demons More; The Outlaw Demon Wails; White Witch, Black Curse; Black Magic Sanction; Pale Demon; A Perfect Blood; and Ever After, plus the graphic novels Blood Work and Blood Crime. She also writes the bestselling Madison Avery series for young adults, including Once Dead, Twice Shy and Early to Death, Early to Rise.
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Taken yesterday morning at Mam Tor. This is the view looking back towards the top of Mam Tor from the first gate from the top. The sky wasn't very interesting looking towards the gate so had a look back towards the Tor and saw the colours in the sky, so decided to capture this instead. Met another ephotozine member that morning (dave37) who was taking a picture the looking the other way, also had and interesting chat about another less well mannered tog.
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Jan 1, 2013, 04:33 PM | #1 |
What animation software do you recommend?
I have done a lot of animation in Adobe Flash CS 4 last year, and now face the decision of choosing new animation software. As I don't actually use Adobe Flash for flash content on the web, but for generic animation that I make into QuickTime files, I was wondering if Adobe Flash CS 6 would be the right chose for me. I almost exclusively make 2D animations, and am willing to learn new software, but have no problem with staying by Adobe Flash. My budget isn't that much of an issue. I already tried Blender, but it seemed total overkill for my needs. So, what are your thoughts?
Macrumors newbie, happy to be here! (And sorry if any of my English is incorrect) |
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Jan 1, 2013, 04:38 PM | #2 |
Looked at Motion or After Effects yet? Or is that something totally different from what you want?
living on the moderately profane edge
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Jan 1, 2013, 05:03 PM | #3 |
Sorry, I wasn't really clear about the stuff I animate. It is mostly stuff with drawn characters, you know kind of like cartoons. (only I make educational videos). I came across this video today, http://vimeo.com/55874553, something like this, but of course less good.
Macrumors newbie, happy to be here! (And sorry if any of my English is incorrect) |
0 |
Jan 1, 2013, 05:12 PM | #4 |
Stick to what you know. I think Flash is worth it in this case.
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Academics: Good teachers. Small ratio of student to teacher
Academics: Chapman has many notable professors. Alicia Kozameh taught my freshman foundations course; she is an award winning Argentinian author who was a arrested as a teenager for protesting against Argentina's corrupt government. Paul Apodaca teaches my folklore class; he is a noted expert on Native Americans of southern california and a consultant to the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. We have also had big name guest speakers such as Elie Wiesel (author of "Night") and Phillip Zimbardo (Stanford Prison Experiment). Chapman has partnerships with lots of foreign universities and there are study abroad programs for every major.
Academics: Being a Digital Arts Major at Chapman is great. You have access to just about as many different types of software and tutorials as you could want. You also have access to wonderful labs and facilities. The teachers are good, and genuinely care about helping you in your education and future career. There isn't as much of an emphasis on drawing and fundamentals as there, should be, so one has to peruse that more on one's own, but overall it is a wonderful experience. The work load is difficult, but very rewarding.
Academics: Everything is dependent on which school and which major you are in.
Academics: I have a great faculty for my major and they are dedicated and want the best for you. Class sizes are small and focused and though for the first few years I felt like the only person in my major, I eventually found many more colleagues. As a writing community students have been creating clubs to band together for workshops and strengthen Chapman as a writing community but it's still lacking in trust between students and bonding. I recommend going to Office Hours and also I've received so much help from my upper class-men friends. If you can't seem to fit into a niche in the developing community, make your own, and create relationships with people who you can trust with sharing your work and also making classes and homework more enjoyable.
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Written by Emily Esposito
Students at Chapman take school seriously and become close to their professors. The classes are interactive, fun, and social, so students look forward to learning. But the main reason students like going to class is the professors—they are personable, love to give advice, and are very eager to create relationships with students and help them succeed. Most professors are extremely experienced in their fields—Chapman teachers include authors, film directors, advertising executives, psychiatrists, and entrepreneurs, among many others. In addition to bringing real world experience to the classroom, they are excellent networking resources, and many students have received internships at a professor's company.
Chapman is most known for its film school, Dodge College. All the professors there have extensive experience in the film industry, and the facilities allow students to create professional films. Also, Chapman's Argyros School of Business and Economics is nationally recognized. The classes are very difficult, but students leave Argyros with a strong sense of the business world. Generally speaking, students rarely complain about their classes. Even though the workload can be difficult for some majors, students are willing to learn and be challenged. Not all majors have a heavy workload, but students studying film, business, science, or music should expect to have at least a couple hours of homework every night. The best part about Chapman's academics is that they're steadily improving. The University is receiving more and more recognition for its academic programs, and its reputation is continually getting stronger.
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Brand Activa
Style AA100-022
Style Analog
Gender Unisex
Strap Width 20 mm
Case Silver polyurethane
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Markers Silver tone, luminous indices and silver Arabic numerals
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Strap Material Silver polyurethane
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Crystal Mineral
Case Diameter 46 mm
Case Thickness 12 mm
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People worry about kids playing with guns, and teenagers watching violent videos; we are scared that some sort of culture of violence will take them over. Nobody worries about kids listening to thousands — literally thousands — of songs about broken hearts and rejection and pain and misery and loss. One of the things Ford Prefect had always found hardest to understand about humans was their habit of continually stating and repeating the very very obvious, as in It's a nice day, or You're very tall, or Oh dear you seem to have fallen down a thirty-foot well, are you all right? At first Ford had formed a theory to account for this strange behavior. If human beings don't keep exercising their lips, he thought, their mouths probably seize up. After a few months' consideration and observation he abandoned this theory in favor of a new one. If they don't keep exercising their lips, he thought, their brains start working. After a while he abandoned this one as well as being obstructively cynical and decided he quite liked human beings after all, but he always remained desperately worried about the terrible number of things they didn't know about. Four webcomics that may or may not be relevant to moderating: I am a huge fan of programming-type games. Check out the tag — here's the ones that I've enjoyed most: Activity FeedAwardsMy Games |
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Burning Blue
ISBN 9781101591086 | 288 pages | 25 Oct 2012 | Dial | 14 - AND UP years
Summary of Burning Blue
Summary of Burning Blue
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A soulful mystery for fans of Thirteen Reasons Why and Paper Towns When Nicole Castro, the most beautiful girl in her wealthy New Jersey high school, is splashed with acid on the left side of her perfect face, the world takes notice. But quiet loner Jay Nazarro does more than that—he decides to find out who did it. Jay understands how it feels to be treated like a freak, and he also has a secret: He's a brilliant hacker. But the deeper he digs, the more danger he's in—and the more he falls for Nicole. Too bad everyone is turning into a suspect, including Nicole herself. |
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The Ivana Nursing dress is exceptionally stylish in an understated way! Its charming silhouette features sleeveless shirring detail, a sexy v-neck and additional shirring at belly to accommodate your growing belly or hide your postpartum one. Two long and wide crossover bands can crisscross or knot at the front and then tie at the side. To nurse, simply pull aside at neckline to reveal discreet nursing openings underneath. This item is also available in
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Sale: Get additional 20% off of this item (final price $76.00) when you use coupon code Clearance20 .


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Mad Cow Disease and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (cont.) Medical Author:
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical EditorMelissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. Medical Editor:
Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD
Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhDDr. Charles "Pat" Davis, MD, PhD, is a board certified Emergency Medicine doctor who currently practices as a consultant and staff member for hospitals. He has a PhD in Microbiology (UT at Austin), and the MD (Univ. Texas Medical Branch, Galveston). He is a Clinical Professor (retired) in the Division of Emergency Medicine, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, and has been the Chief of Emergency Medicine at UT Medical Branch and at UTHSCSA with over 250 publications. IN THIS ARTICLE
Mad Cow Disease and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CausesPrion diseases are unique and can be transmitted in a variety of ways:
One additional form of human prion disease is called kuru. It was found among native peoples of New Guinea who practiced ritualistic cannibalism (eating of humans, and their brains, specifically). Probably the illness began when a person with sporadic CJD was eaten. Death from kuru takes about one year following the onset of symptoms; however, the average incubation period was about 12 years and can be as long as 40 years. With the end of such rituals, this disease has nearly disappeared in New Guinea. The disease has been experimentally transmitted among cattle and from cattle to monkeys who eat infected tissue (particularly brain tissue) in lab tests. But the question remains: How do cattle develop BSE? Feed is the major route for transmission among cattle, according to veterinary medicine experts. When ranchers and farmers feed cattle with products made from other cattle or sheep, such as ruminant feed, they are recycling diseased animal protein in feed containing meat and bone meal, thus causing the disease in cattle. This practice has since been outlawed after the association of BSE with vCJD. Prions may be transmitted among laboratory animals also through broken skin, suggesting the possibility of similar transmission to humans who contact infected tissue or products and who have broken skin. Must Read Articles Related to Mad Cow Disease and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob
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text: The decision comes only two weeks after a jury found for families of 2 victims in a negligence case against the Virginia Tech administration [JURIST report]. Virginia Tech has faced several lawsuits over the shooting incident. Last month, a Virginia circuit court judge ruled [JURIST report] that the lawsuit by two families whose children were killed in the shooting could proceed against school administrators, despite their claims of sovereign immunity. The lawsuit [JURIST report], seeking $10 million in damages, accused the administrators of gross negligence for failing to warn students of the shootings immediately after the first shooting at 7:15 AM. It was brought by two families who opted out of an $11 million dollar settlement [JURIST report] to which 24 of the 32 victims' families agreed in June 2008.


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Emerging Market Opportunity: Musculoskeletal Services (Part II)
Today, more than one-third (37 percent) of the U.S. population is 45 years of age or older. In a little more than 10 years that percentage is projected to increase from 37 percent to 42 percent, and account for more than 118 million people. By 2017, the leading edge of the baby boom will be entering their early 70's. This generation will seek healthcare services that promote good health and longevity, as well as support an active lifestyle. Chief among their needs will be musculoskeletal and orthopedic services.
Combine an aging population with technological advances in orthopedic care and devices, and the stage is set for unprecedented demand and increased opportunities for healthcare providers.
Key trends to watch
There are five key trends that hospitals and health systems need to aggressively plan for:
Consumerism: Patients are increasingly taking charge of their healthcare. Our musculoskeletal health research shows that, lacking comprehensive information from their primary care physicians, consumers are developing their own continuums of care to maintain health and vitality. Services in their continuums include physical and occupational therapy, exercise and weight reduction, aqua therapy, chiropractic, yoga, integrative medicine and acupuncture. Consumers are willing to invest time and money to educate themselves about treatment options and create a personalized care pathway that will enable them to reduce pain and maintain an active lifestyle.
Physician specialization: The percentage of sub specialty (fellowship) trained orthopedic physicians has increased from 20 percent in 1990 to almost 40 percent in 2005. Increasingly, orthopedic physicians are specializing in sports medicine, hand, spine and joint replacement. Our research confirms that consumers seek fellowship trained, high volume surgeons when considering surgery. To be considered the preferred provider of care musculoskeletal centers will require a cadre of these specialists.
Rapidly changing technology: Two inpatient areas undergoing significant changes are spine and total joint surgery. In spine surgery, interspinous spacers, dynamic stabilization systems, facet arthroplasty and minimally invasive fusion techniques loom on the horizon. Total joint replacement surgery faces competition from new techniques and new modes of delivery including resurfacing arthroplasty, minimally invasive surgery, computer-assisted surgery, increasingly differentiated joint implants and the movement to outpatient surgical centers. In most cases technological improvements come with increased costs placing increased pressure on procedure margins. With direct to consumer advertising by implant and technology vendors, consumers are seeking the latest implants and equipment.
Market structure and competition: In some markets, hospitals are losing volume to specialty hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers. It is estimated that there are approximately 30 hospitals in the U.S. that specialize in orthopedics. Physician offices are also capturing market share through the development of focused ambulatory surgical centers, the acquisition of imaging equipment-CT and MRI's, therapeutic equipment, and the provision of outpatient rehabilitation. A by-product of this increased competition is that as patients are treated in ASCs and physician offices, the acuity of hospital patients increases.
Quality and cost transparency: CMS and The Joint Commission have targeted the next round of quality measurement on orthopedic procedures. Public reporting of basic measures of volume, length of stay, infection rates, return to surgery, pain management, patient satisfaction and DVT/PE events will evolve to range of motion (pre and post), percent discharged to home, time required for return to work or quality of life, unrestricted activity, and years between implant procedures. The focus of costs will be on the total cost of care between pre-surgery and return to work or quality of life.
These five trends demand that musculoskeletal services be designed and implemented to meet the multifaceted needs of an increasingly savvy consumer, but also for physicians and hospitals facing limited increases in procedure payments.
Creating a musculoskeletal medicine program
Implementing a Musculoskeletal Medicine Program or Service Line can create significant bottom-line results. It can equip and position your hospital or health system to:
- Provide a service that creates a tangible, positive difference in patients' lives
- Increase your top line revenue and net operating income
- Increase your case mix index
- Increase volume and revenue to your onsite and off-site ancillary services (PT, OT, Lab)
- Develop alignment opportunities with your medical staff
- Develop partnerships with other community agencies (VNA, DME)
- Improve the esprit de corps of the service line clinical staff, and help reduce employee turnover
- Prevention and Health Promotion: Outreach, Educational Program, Online Information, Weight loss and fitness information
- Diagnosis: Primary Care, Radiology, Laboratory
- Treatment: Rheumatology, Physiatry, Rx Consultation, PT and OT, Pain Management, Weight Loss, Complementary Medicine, Care Management, Surgery
- Rehabilitation: Inpatient PT/OT, Home PT, Outpatient PT/OT, Fitness Programs
- Habilitation: durable medical equipment
Strategies for success
Hospitals and health systems seeking competitive advantage with a musculoskeletal medicine service line must implement an integrated process of care to facilitate patients' diagnosis, intervention, recovery and wellness.
Implementing key strategies can establish a long-term platform for growth and profitability of your Musculoskeletal Medicine program:
- Identifying and assigning responsibility to a service line leader and physician champion
- Focusing on those areas where the institution and the medical staff are strong
- Providing comprehensive and integrated patient-focused care to manage the entire course of care from beginning to end
- Proactively managing all costs, especially implant costs, and capital expenditures for new technology
- Streamlining all consumer and physician office staff interactions/processes with the hospital
- Aggressively marketing the program to both referring physicians and consumers
- Publishing clinical results
John Kessler is vice president of The Strategy Group in Norfolk, VA. He is a consultant, speaker and author. He may be reached at email@example.com.
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Organic Cell Series has been inspired by the anatomy of living cells (see the chart). Fascinating processes happening inside the cells, such as cell division, made us realize how really beautiful the whole structure is. As we all consist of millions of living cells, these processes might well determine the way we are, the way we think, feel, and live. Isn't it amazing how simple small parts form a complex big whole, with functions far more perfect than those of the parts?.. With the Organic Cell Series we wanted to move closer to the Source.
In developing Organic Cell designs, oftentimes an actual life-size model is being hand-sculpted/carved or hand-drawn from modeling media, such as polymer clay.
Based on this model, a vector graphic design is being developed on the computer. After that, design is being cut from the chosen material using a laser; the laser follows the paths set in the computer model. Finally, the laser cut design is being hand-finished and sent to you.
~ 6.75" (17 cm) long
~ 2.75" (7 cm) wide
~ 0.5 oz (14 g) of weight
~ highest quality materials
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~ free shipping and free gift wrap
~ made in the USA
See more cool designs: www.ponoko.com/showroom/2GRAYS
All measurements are approximate. Bracelet fits small to medium wrists.
Please note that slide lock clasp can be challenging to open and close with just one hand.
Bracelet is glossy black color with shiny sterling silver metal parts.
Colors may vary depending on your monitor.
You are buying an actual product, not a design file. Please allow 1-3 weeks for delivery. Free shipping on domestic orders only.
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Cuts (rushes, out takes) for story in Colour Pictorial - CP 678. The original story is on Pathe Master tape *PM0433*.
Cuts for story SOUTH SEA ISLANDS in CP 678. Mostly similar footage to cut story; beautiful scenic shots of mountains and coastline taken from a boat. At Moorea we see the Polynesian...
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text: A tropical burst of citrus, starfruit, and a dash of tantalizing cane sugar. Exclusively sold by Colonial Candle, the unique and elegant 22 oz oval jar is a beautiful accessory for any home. Crafted from our premium wax and all cotton wicks, our 22 oz oval jar burns for up to 110 hours.


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Recent Posts
HEMET: Poor school attendance leads to parent's arrest
A parent of a Hemet student with a history of poor attendance was arrested on suspicion of failing to send the child to school, according to the Hemet Unified School District. The parent was one of several arrests made during a sweep that lasted two days, Feb. 19 and 20, according to a school district news… [Read More]
TEMESCAL VALLEY: Mom who encouraged daughter to fight arrested, officials say
A mother who was caught on video goading her teen daughter during a fistfight in the front yard of their Temescal Valley home was arrested, according to a sheriff's official. Laura Jean Light, 39, was taken into custody at 6 p.m. Sunday, March 2, at their home in the 23100 block of Canyon Hills Drive… [Read More]
EASTVALE: Dog shot by deputy lives
A dog that was shot by a sheriff's deputy twice — at least once in the face — during an incident in Eastvale survived and is alive, well and back home, according to an animal services official. "It's pretty amazing," said John Welsh, spokesperson for Riverside County animal services. "A lot of times they don't… [Read More]
LAKE PERRIS: Ramona Expressway wreck killed Nuevo man
A 39-year-old Nuveo man died after apparently causing a head-on collision this week along the Ramona Expressway in the Lake Perris-area community of Lakeview, authorities say. Juan Gonzalez died at Riverside County Regional Medical Center in Moreno Valley about an hour after the 4:40 p.m. wreck Tuesday, March 4, along the expressway about a quarter-mile… [Read More]
HESPERIA: Girl, 7, fatally hit by car near school bus stop
A 7-year-old girl was hit by a car and suffered fatal injuries as she crossed a street on her way to a school in the High Desert city of Hesperia, sheriff's officials say. Taylor Chriswell died at Loma Linda University Medical Center roughly an hour after the 8:30 a.m. accident Thursday, March 6, along Peach… [Read More]
CORONA: Man wearing motorcycle helmet robs Verizon store
A man wearing a motorcycle helmet and other gear stole cash and electronics at gunpoint from a Verizon store in Corona on Wednesday, March 5. About 9 p.m., the man entered the store at 371 S. Lincoln Ave. wearing a red and black motorcycle helmet, blue and red motorcycle jacket and gloves, Sgt. Kim Velasco… [Read More]
SAN BERNARDINO: 1 dead, three wounded in three drive-by shootings
Three drive-by shootings in a span of just over three hours in San Bernardino on Wednesday, March 5, killed one person and left three others in critical condition. Homicide and gang investigators are trying to determine whether the shootings are related, Lt. Mike Madden said. A person has been arrested in connection with the third… [Read More]
SAN JACINTO: Stabbing suspect sought
Riverside County sheriff's deputies are looking for a male suspect and a female "person of interest" in connection with a San Jacinto stabbing on Saturday, March 1. The victim, whose identity has not been disclosed, is in critical condition at an area hospital after being stabbed at a motel in the 600 block of North… [Read More]
TEMECULA: Two Border Patrol busts net heroin, cocaine, meth
Three men who the U.S. Border Patrol said tried to smuggle drugs into the country were arrested this week in separate incidents near Temecula. About 12:15 a.m. Sunday, March 2, a Ford Expedition nearly struck a Border Patrol vehicle on Interstate 15, a news release said. Agents stopped the vehicle near Winchester Road and spotted… [Read More]
CABAZON: 3 arrested in sex registrant sweep
Riverside County sheriff's deputies arrested three men over a two-week period during compliance checks of sexual registrants in the San Gorgonio Pass and desert area. Six probation searches and three parole searches were conducted during the sweep between Feb. 20 and Tuesday, March 4, in Cherry Valley, Cabazon, Whitewater, North Palm Springs and Calimesa. More… [Read More]
SAN JACINTO: Parolee arrested in February slaying
A 30-year-old parolee from San Jacinto has been arrested in connection with a fatal shooting in that city, according to Riverside County sheriff's officials and jail records. Joseph William Ramirez has been behind bars since his Feb. 24 arrest by Hemet police in a drug possession and vehicle pursuit case, jail records show. That arrest… [Read More]
LAKE ELSINORE: Girl Scouts receive counterfeit bills, woman sought
Some Inland Girl Scouts got a hard life lesson this week when they discovered their cookies had been paid for with counterfeit bills. Scouts in Lake Elsinore received two fake $20s on Thursday, Feb. 27, and in Rancho Cucamonga on Saturday there were two reports of girls selling cookies who were paid with counterfeit $50s…. [Read More]
YUCCA VALLEY: 1 killed, 1 arrested in hit-run wreck
A hit-and-run collision killed a 27-year-old Yucca Valley man and led to the arrest of a 69-year-old man from that same desert town, say San Bernardino County sheriff's officials. Jacob Andrew Koval died at the scene of the 5:07 p.m. wreck Monday, March 3, at Buena Vista Drive and Surrey Court in Yucca Valley. Koval… [Read More]
CHINO HILLS: 2 Riverside men arrested in stolen property case
Two Riverside men were arrested after Chino Hills deputies found them in a car containing stolen mail and burglar tools, say San Bernardino County sheriff's officials. A 4:31 a.m. traffic stop on Monday, March 3, led to the arrests of 26-year-old Salvador Montesdeoca and 44-year-old Joseph Sirimaro near Soquel Canyon and Pomona Rincon roads in… [Read More]
A former Jurupa Unified substitute teacher pleaded not guilty Tuesday, March 4, to three felony charges that he had sex with a 17-year-old student. Jason Herbert Stubbs, 27, of Corona, was first arrested in August. After prosecutors filed charges, he was arrested again in January. The 17-year-old girl told Riverside County sheriff's detectives that Stubbs… [Read More]


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"This is a wonderful pie for parties, or just for yourself. It's great on a hot summer day, but you could make it any time of year - so refreshing."
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Sarah-Jane Bedwell, SELF magazine
One of my favorite things to do over the weekend is to round up my friends and have long, relaxing dinners. We're all so busy, so dinner is the perfect opportunity for us to catch up! Most of the time we head to a restaurant in town, and I always ask the waiter a few questions to make sure I know how my food is prepared so I can make the smartest selection. Here's a handy list of questions to ask YOUR waiter:
Related: Yoga Moves for Flat Abs
What's your favorite dish on the menu? If you want to ensure that you are going to get something yummy, this is the question to ask. Servers have generally tried everything on the menu and are very open and honest about their favorite dishes. I have never been disappointed when I ordered something that the server recommended! As an added bonus, as they describe the dish, you have a better idea how it's prepared, how fresh it is and of the flavors in the dish. For example, the server might say, "My favorite dish is the red snapper, it was just caught today and so flavorful it didn't even need a sauce! The chef just grilled it and topped it with fresh, local arugula and tomatoes."
What is the entree served with? I've made the mistake of ordering too much food when I don't ask this question, and my entree turns up with a full portion of a side item, such as a bed of rice, that is not listed in the menu description. Once you know what that item is, you can find out how it is prepared and ask to make a substitution, if you'd like. This will help you save money and ensure you don't eat too much by ordering a whole separate side.
Related: Foods That Fight Bloat
How is that prepared? This is an important question no matter what the menu says and no matter what item you are ordering. The menu may simply say, "steamed seasonal vegetables," but I've found out the hard way that that doesn't always mean they are simply steamed. Like when veggies come out drenched in butter and heavily seasoned -- not what I was expecting!
Which one is made in-house? I like to ask this question when ordering salad dressings or desserts, because restaurants tend to buy these pre-made. Foods that are made in-house are generally fresher and tastier than ready-made foods. Plus, they tend to be made with simpler ingredients and require fewer (if any) preservatives, which is a good thing in my book.
Related: 20 Superfoods for Weight Loss
Is this dish big enough to share? Before I started asking this question, I can't tell you how many times I would order something and end up with enough to feed three people. A server can help you determine if the dish is big enough to share on its own or if it would be good to order salads on the side as well. Plus, sharing helps lower the bill!
What questions do you ask servers when you are dining out to ensure you order tasty, healthy dishes?
More from SELF:
5 Simple Steps to Cellulite-Free Skin
3 CrossFit Total-Body Workouts
50 Healthiest Snacks
6 Secrets to Firing Up Your Metabolism


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Made in the USA, Hometown USA comes in a wide range of bright, primary colors, versatile multi-colors, and textural tweeds, perfect for school and sports team projects and so much more. This easy-care yarn is machine washable and dryable, and works up quickly for fast knit and crochet projects.
Solids: 5 oz. (142 g), 81 yd. (74 m) Multis and Tweeds: 4 oz. (113 g), 64 yd. (59 m)
Solids and Multis: 100% Acrylic Tweeds: 94% Acrylic, 6% Rayon
Knit: 9 stitches x 12 rows = 4" (10 cm) on size 13 (9mm) needles Crochet: 6.6 sc + 8 rows = 4" (10 cm) on size N-13 hook
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The annual conference of the Tennessee Collegiate Honors Council will be hosted by the Tennessee Tech Honors Program and its students organization, the Associated Scholars Guild. The conference consists of research prese ntations, roundtables, and meetings among honors program administrators, st udents, and faculty from across the state. Attendance is limited to regis tered participants who are affiliated with honors programs at institutions of higher education.


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PCs take the lead at CES 2012: Laptops, desktops, and hardware
LAS VEGAS--It's a rare CES for which most of the digital ink spilled is about computers and hardware, rather than giant televisions. But 2012 was just such a year, thanks to the never-ending drumbeat of Intel's ultrabook platform.
Yes, ultrabooks again It seems like you couldn't walk more than a hundred steps across the velvety carpet of the CES show floor without running into a giant ULTRABOOK or WINDOWS 8 sign. The first official ultrabook-designated laptops (it's an Intel marketing term) arrived during the 2011 holiday season, but CES 2012 was a coming-out party for a host of new designs from nearly all manufacturers.
The laptops ranged from the diminutive (the Acer Aspire S5) to the large and bold (the HP Envy 14 Spectre), and to the copycat (the MacBook-Air-alike Dell XPS 13). And 14- and 15-inch models, some with optical drives, dedicated graphics, and hybrid solid-state/hard drives, have begun to blur a category only in its nascency, leading us to ask if the category will suffer from unnecessary mission creep.
Will that mean that consumers will have a hard time identifying what an ultrabook is, or even feel the category has become overhyped and overexposed by the end of this year? Ultrabooks may be the industry's next great hope, judging by Intel's ultrabook-obsessed keynote presentation, but that doesn't mean consumers are never going to want anything different.
But not just ultrabooks Only a handful of other, non-ultrabook laptops really stood out.… Read more


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GingaSite | Free Image Galleries | Link to us | Board Masterlist | Futago Shop Ginga Archives: Tracon 2011 | Animecon 2012 > Year 6: Issue 2 of The Ginga Guardian is now online! < Contest voting topic now open! Closes 1st April. Avatar and Personal Image issues - please see this topic for instructions. |
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Featuring Luke Morley, formerly the guitarist for legendary UK rock band Thunder, and ex Winterville vocalist/guitarist Peter Shoulder, The Union produce a very modern take on classic styles.
Merging modern and classic rock, blues and country, the bands impeccable songwriting is pulled together by the uniquely powerful and emotive vocals of Peter Shoulder - one of only three British artists (the other two being Eric Clapton and Peter Green) to win a W.C. Handy Blues Foundation award, presented in Memphis in 2006 for co-writing the American Blues Song of the year 2006
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Well what a nostalgic evening. After getting the warm up act (Supersuckers or some such silly name) out of the way - they had their Motorhead act down pat but were a poor imitation - we got to The Union (Peter Shoulder's stunning voice and Luke Morley's imperious guitar work… (cont'd) Tim from Braintree
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Looks like they just stepped out of a magazine!
Matthew McConaughey and his pregnant wife, Camila Alves, stepped out in New York's Tribeca neighborhood on Sunday with their adorable kids, Levi, 4, and Vida, 2. The family, who wore coordinating outfits of blue and white, were all smiles while going for a stroll in the Big Apple with their new puppy.
McConaughey, 42, carried little girl Vida on his hip for part of their walk and gave Levi a turn sitting on his shoulders. Alves, 30, held hands with Vida and carried the dog's leash. The model, who is expecting the couple's third child, flaunted her baby bump in a short, tight blue dress. Together since 2006, McConaughey and Alves wed on June 10 of this year in an emotional ceremony in Austin, Texas.
PHOTOS: Matthew McConaughey's hottest shirtless moments
Their always-fashionable son Levi wore a blue-and-white-striped button-up shirt, tiny khaki cargo shorts and kept his sunglasses stylishly hooked on the front of his shirt. Vida wore a dress like her mom, but in all white.
PHOTOS: Hollywood's hottest married couples
Former "Sheer Genius" host Alves joked about her son's trailblazing style in February 2011. "I've got all these people that are fans of my son's style. And I'm like, 'What?' I didn't know this because we don't follow that stuff. He gets more fashion spreads than me and Matthew together," the Brazilian beauty told PopEater. "Look, we don't try to do that. Me and my mom, we're designers; that's part of what we do for a living. ... I guess it just comes out. We don't try to!"
Matthew McConaughey: This Has Been the Most Creative Year I've Had
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Rihanna, Katy Perry, and Heidi Klum all get an F on this week's Fashion Offenders.
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From Mila Kunis to Mary-Kate Olsen, get the scoop on all the engagements in Hollywood on Replay.
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Sarah Michelle Gellar talks to Wonderwall's Chris Gardner about "terrifying" paparazzi, growing veggies with her daughter, why she never went to rehab.
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Weight Fluctuates
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Prince George's County News
Woman charged with trying to kill 8-year-old boy
Police have arrested a Landover woman who they say tried to kill an 8-year-old boy.
Police: Missing Hyattsville mother and son found
Hyattsville police say they have located both Dinora Mejia-Guevara and her son Evin.
Police ID 3 people injured in Bowie plane crash
Police have identified the three people who were injured when a single-engine plane had trouble after takeoff and crashed along a highway in Bowie.
Firefighter injured in Fort Washington blaze
Firefighter injured, 5 families displaced after 2-alarm fire in Fort Washington apartments
Something for everyone at the Greenbelt Labor Day Festival
It began as a way to raise money for the community and now it's the place to be during the holiday weekend. So what makes the Greenbelt Labor Day Festival unique?
New water taxi touts potential for commuter runs
A new water taxi carries passengers more quickly from the National Harbor to the Georgetown Waterfront.
Pr. George's police investigate fatal hit-and-run
Prince George's police investigate fatal hit-and-run in Clinton
Pr. George's teen charged in fatal stabbing of man
A Prince George's County teenager is accused of killing a 20-year-old man with whom he was having a romantic relationship.
College Park moves speed camera after WTOP investigation
Two weeks after a WTOP TicketBuster investigation uncovered questions about the fairness of a speed camera at 3300 Metzerott Road, the City of College Park has moved the camera east to clear up any confusion.
U. of Md. student injured in a fight near campus
Police are investigating after a University of Maryland student was injured in a fight near campus.
Silver Alert issued for Prince George's County man
A Silver Alert has been issued for a 70-year-old man last seen in Landover, Md. in Prince George's County.
Leader of cocaine ring gets 14-year prison term
A Hollywood man police say who led a cocaine distribution ring in St. Mary's County has been sentenced to more than 14 years in prison.
Keeping the cold away during the school year
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says colds are the main reason why children miss school. In fact, 22 million school days are lost each year because of the common cold.
1 dead after 4-car crash in Oxon Hill
Police in Prince George's County are investigating a four-car crash in Oxon Hill in which one man died.
LED lights coming soon to a Maryland street near you
You probably don't think too much about them as you drive past everyday but Montgomery and Prince George's County pay millions in electric bills each year for traffic lights.
Maryland man dead after shooting in DC
Police: Maryland man dead after shooting in northeast Washington
2 injured in shooting in Brandywine
Police in Prince George's County are investigating a shooting in which two young women were injured outside a party at a volunteer firehouse.
Small plane crashes in Bowie cornfield
A small plane crashed this morning at the Freeway Airport on Church Road in Bowie.
X-ray screening flags gun in bag at Md. courthouse
Prince George's Co. sheriff: Courthouse X-ray screening flags gun in tote bag
Woman killed in hit-and-run in Prince George's County
A hit and run in Prince George's County left a woman dead Thursday evening.


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1237cc, 160bhp, mph, Insurance group
The VFR1200F remains a good, bordering on great bike. Its quality and finish is peerless; its refinement, ergonomics and ease-of-use impeccable. And the cherry on the top is that unique-sounding and fabulously grunty, flexible and, yes, fast V4. But it's not stunning, hasn't 'moved the game on' like an all-new Honda V4 probably should have done and it does have ...
1340cc, 194bhp, 186mph, Insurance group 17
Suzuki have played around with the GSX1300R Hayabusa's styling without losing the original's looks and character, as a result the new Suzuki Hayabusa looks really sleek. Engine capacity had increased and so has power and torque. Handling hasn't been significantly improved, more a gentle step forward however the brakes are a miles better, and about time. Watch the 2008 ...
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Here's why…
4. In fact, you don't really pay attention to what you put in your body at all.
6. Yet you're not above shaming others for their habits.
9. In fact, you have a hard time coping when you're sober.
10. You've also got substance abuse problems.
14. You never really think all the way through a plan before you start it.
So next time you think, WWCKD? Just do the opposite.
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Sept. 23, 2005 SMU HELPS BRING THE PARTY BACK TO TULANE, NEW ORLEANSBishop Boulevard, SMU's tailgate extravaganza, will be transformed when SMU plays Tulane and celebrates the spirit of New Orleans. Beads, jazz music and Cajun food will be part of the festivities, which will culminate in the Mustangs-Green Wave match up in Ford Stadium. During the halftime, SMU's Student Senate will present a check to Conference USA for the Katrina Relief Fund benefiting the American Red Cross. WHO:
Tulane's football team is no stranger to SMU. Having been evacuated to Dallas shortly after Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, the team used SMU's workout facilities and ate in the dining hall. SMU's coach even handed over the team's normally confidential football recruiting lists. More than 200 students from schools affected by Hurricane Katrina are enrolled at SMU free of charge. Approximately 130 of those are Tulane students. SMU
news releases and experts can be found on the Web Southern Methodist University is a private university in Dallas with more than 10,000 students and offers degree programs through seven schools. More information about SMU is available at www.smu.edu. |
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