text:
Bushwick, Brooklyn
Bushwick is a working class neighborhood in the northern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood, formerly Brooklyn's 18th Ward, is now part of Brooklyn Community Board 4. It is policed by the NYPD's 83rd Precinct and is represented in the New York City Council as part of Districts 34 and 37.[1][2][3]
Bushwick is bound by Williamsburg to the north, Ridgewood, Queens to the northeast, East New York to the southeast, Brownsville to the south, and Bedford-Stuyvesant to the southwest.[4] It is served by Postal Service zip codes 11207, 11221 and 11237.[5] Bushwick was once an independent town and has undergone various territorial changes throughout its history.
- 1 Boundaries
- 2 Statistics
- 3 History
- 4 Arts Scene
- 5 Elected officials
- 6 Community-based organizations
- 7 Civic services
- 8 Transportation
- 9 Parks and recreation
- 10 Education
- 11 Public housing
- 12 Galleries
- 13 Notable residents
- 14 References
- 15 External links
Neighborhoods in New York do not have official boundaries; informal boundaries are often contested and that has been the case with Bushwick. However, the boundaries of Bushwick are often given as those of Brooklyn Community Board 4, which is delineated by Flushing Avenue on the north, Broadway on the southwest, the Queens Borough line to the northeast and the Cemetery of the Evergreens on the southeast.
The industrial area north of Flushing Avenue, east of Bushwick Avenue and south of Grand Street is also sometimes included in Bushwick, occasionally with the modifier "Industrial Bushwick."[6][7]
Bushwick's population in 2007 was 129,980. 38.9% of that population was foreign born.[8] Though an ethnic neighborhood, Bushwick's population is, for a New York City neighborhood, relatively heterogeneous scoring a 0.5 on the Furman Center's racial diversity index, making it the city's 35th most diverse neighborhood in 2007. Most residents are Latinos from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico and from the Dominican Republic but more recent years have seen an increase in native-born Americans as well as other Latino groups, particularly immigrants from Mexico and El Salvador. In 2008 the neighborhood's median household income was $28,802. 32% of the population falls under the poverty line, making Bushwick the 7th most impoverished neighborhood in New York City. Over 75% of children in the neighborhood are born in poverty.[9] Only 40.3% of students in Bushwick read at grade level, making it the 49th most literate neighborhood in the city in 2007. 58.2% of students do math at grade level in Bushwick, 41st in the city. In 2007, Bushwick averaged with 25 felonies per 1000 persons, the 25th, out of 55, most felonious community district in the city.[8]
Bushwick is the largest hub of Brooklyn's Hispanic-American community, although Sunset Park is also very large. Like other neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick's Hispanic population is mainly Puerto Rican and Dominican with a sizable South American population as well. As nearly 70% of Bushwick's population is Hispanic, residents have created many businesses to support their various national and distinct traditions in food and other items. The neighborhood's major commercial streets are Knickerbocker Avenue, Myrtle Avenue, Wyckoff Avenue, and Broadway.
Bushwick is 69.9% Hispanic, 16.8% Black, 8% White, 1.8% Asian, and 3.4% 'other'. Bushwick is a predominantly Puerto Rican neighborhood, though the area does have a significant African American population, as well as significant populations of Dominicans and other Hispanics.
Bushwick's diverse housing stock includes six-family apartment buildings and two- and three-family townhouses. The median age of the housing stock is 76 years. Over 91% of housing units are within 440 yards of a park, and over 97% of housing units are within 880 yards of a subway.
Median rent in 2007 was $795, the 40th highest median rent in the city. About one out of six rental units is subsidized, and greater than one out of three units is rent regulated. 4% of renters live in severely overcrowded conditions. Vacant land fills 4.1% of Bushwick, rating it the 21st most vacant neighborhood in the city.
In 2007, the neighborhood had a 18.7% home ownership rate, though roughly 1 out of 20 owners of a 1-4 unit building received a notice of foreclosure.[8]
Bushwick township[edit]
Four villages[edit]
New Netherland series | |||
Exploration | |||
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Settlements: | |||
The Patroon System | |||
Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions | |||
Directors of New Netherland: | |||
People of New Netherland | |||
Flushing Remonstrance | |||
In 1638, the Dutch West India Company secured a deed from the local Lenape people for the Bushwick area, and Peter Stuyvesant, chartered the area in 1661, naming it "Boswijck," meaning "little town in the woods" or "Heavy Woods" in 17th century Dutch.[10][11] Its area included the modern day communities of Bushwick, Williamsburg, and Greenpoint. Bushwick was the last of the original six Dutch towns of Brooklyn to be established within New Netherland.
The community was settled, though unchartered, on February 16, 1660, on a plot of land between the Bushwick and Newtown Creeks[10] by fourteen French and Huguenot settlers, a Dutch translator named Peter Jan De Witt,[12] and one of the original eleven slaves brought to New Netherland, Franciscus the Negro, who had worked his way to freedom.[13][14] The group centered their settlement around a church located near today's Bushwick and Metropolitan Avenues. The major thoroughfare was Woodpoint Road, which allowed farmers to bring their goods to the town dock.[15] This original settlement came to be known as Het Dorp by the Dutch, and, later, Bushwick Green by the British. The English would take over the six towns three years later and unite the towns under Kings County in 1683.
Many of Bushwick's Dutch records were lost after its annexation by Brooklyn in 1854.[16] Contemporary reports differ in the reason: T.W. Field writes that "a nice functionary of the [Brooklyn] City Hall ... contemptuously thrust them into his waste-paper sacks"[17] while Eugene Armbruster claimed that the movable bookcase containing the records "was coveted by some municipal officer, who turned its contents upon the floor".[18]
At the turn of the 19th century, Bushwick consisted of four villages, Green Point, Bushwick Shore,[19] later to be known as Williamsburg, Bushwick Green, and Bushwick Crossroads, at the spot today's Bushwick Avenue turns southeast at Flushing Avenue.[20]
Land annexation[edit]
Bushwick's first major expansion occurred after it annexed The New Lots of Bushwick, a hilly upland originally claimed by the Native Americans in the first treaties they signed with European colonists providing the settlers rights to the lowland on the water. After the second war between the natives and the settlers broke out, the natives fled, leaving the area to be divided among the six towns in Kings County. Bushwick had the prime location to absorb its new tract of land in a contiguous fashion. New Bushwick Lane (Evergreen Ave), a former Native American trail, was a key thoroughfare to access this new tract suitable mostly for potato and cabbage agriculture.[21] This area is bounded roughly by Flushing Avenue to the north, and Evergreen Cemetery to the south.
In the 1850s, the New Lots of Bushwick area began to develop. References to the town of Bowronville, a new neighborhood contained within the area south of Lafayette Avenue and Stanhope Street begin to appear dating to the 1850s.[22][23]
Bushwick Shore and Williamsburgh[edit]
The area known as Bushwick Shore was so called for about 140 years. Bushwick residents called Bushwick Shore "the Strand," another term for "beach."[24] Bushwick Creek, in the north, and Cripplebush, a region of thick, boggy shrubland extending from Wallabout Creek to Newtown Creek, in the south and east, cut Bushwick Shore off from the other villages in Bushwick. Farmers and gardeners from the other Bushwick villages sent their goods to Bushwick Shore to be ferried to New York City for sale via a market at present day Grand St. Bushwick Shore's favorable location close to New York City led to the creation of several farming developments. Originally a 13-acre (53,000 m2) development within Bushwick Shore, Williamsburgh rapidly expanded during the first half of the nineteenth century and eventually seceded from Bushwick to form its own independent city in 1852.[25] Both Bushwick and Williamsburgh were annexed into the City of Brooklyn in 1854.[16]
Early industry[edit]
When Bushwick was founded, it was primarily an area for farming food and tobacco. As Brooklyn and New York City grew, factories that manufactured sugar, oil, and chemicals were built. The inventor Peter Cooper built a glue manufacturing plant, his first factory, in Bushwick. Immigrants from western Europe joined the original Dutch settlers. The Bushwick Chemical Works, at Metropolitan Avenue and Grand Street on the English Kills channel, was another early industry among the lime, plaster, and brick works, coal yards, and other factories which developed along English Kills, which was dredged and made an important commercial waterway.[26] In October 1867, the American Institute awarded The Bushwick Chemical Works the first premium for commercial acids of greatest purity and strength.[27] The Bushwick Glass Company, later to be known as Brookfield Glass Company established itself in 1869, when a local brewer sold it to James Brookfield.[28] The Bushwick Glass Company made a variety of both bottles and jars.
In the 1840s and 1850s, a majority of the immigrants were German, which became the dominant population. Bushwick established a considerable brewery industry, including "Brewer's Row": 14 breweries operating in a 14-block area by 1890.[29] Thus, Bushwick was dubbed the "beer capital of the Northeast." The last Bushwick brewery closed its doors in 1976.[30]
As late as 1883, Bushwick maintained open farming land east of Flushing Avenue.[31] A synergy developed between the brewers and the farmers during this period, as the dairy farmers collected spent grain and hops for cow feed. The dairy farmers sold the milk, and other dairy products, to consumers in Brooklyn. Both industries supported blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and feed stores along Flushing Avenue.[32]
Railway hub[edit]
In 1868, the Long Island Rail Road built the Bushwick Branch from its hub in Jamaica via Maspeth to Bushwick Terminal at the intersection of Montrose and Bushwick avenues,[33] allowing easy movement of passengers, raw materials, and finished goods. Routes also radiated to Flushing, Queens.
Streetcar suburb[edit]
The first elevated railway in Brooklyn, known as the Lexington Avenue Elevated, opened in 1885. Its eastern terminus was at the edge of Bushwick, at Gates Avenue and Broadway.[34] This line was extended southeastward into East New York shortly thereafter. By the end of 1889, the Broadway Elevated and the Myrtle Avenue Elevated were completed, enabling easier access to Downtown Brooklyn and Manhattan and the rapid residential development of Bushwick from farmland.
With the success of the brewing industry and the presence of the Els, another wave of European immigrants settled in the neighborhood. Also, parts of Bushwick became affluent. Brewery owners and doctors commissioned mansions along Bushwick and Irving avenues at the turn of the 20th century. New York mayor John Francis Hylan kept a townhouse on Bushwick Avenue during this period.[35] Bushwick homes were designed in the Italianate, Neo Greco, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne styles by well-known architects. Bushwick was a center of culture with several Vaudeville era playhouses, including the Amphion Theatre, the nation's first theatre with electric lighting.[36] The wealth of the neighborhood peaked between World War I and World War II, even when events such as Prohibition and the Great Depression were taking place. After WWI, the German enclave was steadily replaced by a significant proportion of Italian Americans. By 1950, Bushwick was one of New York City's largest Italian American neighborhoods, although some German Americans remained.[37]
The Italian community was comprised nearly entirely of Sicilians, mostly from the Palermo, Trapani, and Agrigento provinces in Sicily. In particular, the Sicilian townsfolk of Menfi, Santa Margherita di Belice, Trapani, Castelvetrano, and many other paesi had their own clubs, or "clubbu", in the area. Il Circolo di Santa Margherita di Belice remains the oldest operating Sicilian organization in the United States but began here. These clubs often started as mutual benevolance associations or funeral societies but transformed as the needs of their communities did from the late 1800s until the 1960s, when many began to fade away. St. Joseph Patron of the Universal Church Roman Catholic Parish was the hub of this Sicilian community, and held five feasts during the year, complete with processions of saints or Our Lady of Trapani. St. Joseph opened in 1923 because the Italian community had been rapidly growing in Bushwick since 1900. This Sicilian community first was centered in Our Lady of Pompeii parish on Siegel St. in Williamsburgh, however as industry expanded along Flushing Avenue. The Sicilian population expanded with the growing need for labor by factory operators. St. Leonard's parish was the large German Catholic parish in the area, however the Italian community was not welcome there and thus compelled to open their own parish. St. Leonard's closed in 1973. St. Joseph's is now a large and vibrant Latino parish run by the Scalabrini Order of priests, an Italian missionary order that caters to migrants.
Postwar transition[edit]
The demographic transition of Bushwick was similar to many Brooklyn neighborhoods after WWII. The U.S. Census records show that the neighborhood's population was almost 90% white in 1960, but dropped to less than 40% in 1970.[38] As white families moved out of Bushwick, working class African American, Puerto Rican, and other Caribbean American families took over homes in the southeastern edge of the neighborhood, closest to Eastern Parkway. By the mid-1950s, migrants began settling into central Bushwick. A strong proclivity among these new residents to home ownership and block associations helped the neighborhood survive the economic and social distress of the 1970s.[38][dead link][clarification needed]
This change in demographics coincided with changes in the local economy. Rising energy costs, advances in transportation, and the invention of the steel can encouraged beer companies to move out of New York City. As breweries in Bushwick closed, the neighborhood's economic base eroded. Discussions of urban renewal took place in the 1960s, but never materialized. Another contribution to the change in the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood was the John Lindsay administration's policy of raising rent for welfare recipients. Since they now brought higher rents than ordinary tenants would pay on the open market, Bushwick landlords actively began to fill vacant units with such tenants. By the mid-seventies, half of Bushwick's residents were on public assistance.[39]
According to the New York Times, "In a five-year period in the late 1960's and early 70's, the Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn was transformed from a neatly maintained community of wood houses into what often approached a no man's land of abandoned buildings, empty lots, drugs and arson."[40]
Blackout: riots and looting[edit]
On the night of July 13, 1977, a major blackout occurred in New York City. Arson, looting, and vandalism followed in low income neighborhoods across the city. Bushwick, however, saw some of the most devastating damages and losses. While local owners in the predominantly Puerto Rican Knickerbocker Avenue and Graham Avenue shopping districts were able to defend their stores with force, suburban owners with stores on the Broadway shopping district saw their shops looted and burned. Twenty-seven stores, some of which were of mixed use, along Broadway had burned (Goodman 104). Looters (and residents who bought from looters) saw the blackout as an opportunity to get what they otherwise could not afford. Fires spread to many residential buildings as well. After the riots were over and the fires were put out, residents saw "some streets that looked like Brooklyn Heights, and others that looked like Dresden in 1945" (Goodman 181): unsafe dwellings and empty lots among surviving buildings. Broadway business space had a 43% vacancy rate in the wake of the riots.[41]
Late 20th century: blight and poverty[edit]
Bushwick was left with a lack of both retail stores and housing. After the blackout, residents who could afford to leave abandoned the area. But new immigrants were coming into the area during the late 1960s, early 1970s and 1980s, many of whom were from Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and more recently Central America. However, apartment renovation and new construction did not keep pace with the demolition of unsafe buildings, forcing overcrowded conditions at first. As buildings came down, the vacant lots made parts of the neighborhood look and feel desolate, and more residents left. The neighborhood was a hotbed of poverty and crime through the 1980s. During this period, the Knickerbocker Ave shopping district was nicknamed "The Well" for its seemingly unending supply of drugs.[42] In the 1990s, it remained a poor and relatively dangerous area, with 77 murders, 80 rapes, and 2,242 robberies in 1990.[43]
State and local government funded revitalization[edit]
Starting in the middle of the 2000s, the City and State of New York began pouring resources into the Bushwick neighborhood, primarily through a program called the Bushwick Initiative. The Bushwick Initiative was a two-year pilot program spearheaded by the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD), the Ridgewood Bushwick Senior Citizens Council (Ridgewood Bushwick), and the Office of Assemblyman Vito Lopez. The program goal is to improve the lives of Bushwick residents in the twenty-three square blocks surrounding Maria Hernandez Park through various housing and quality of life programs. The Bushwick Initiative aims to address deteriorated housing conditions, increase economic development opportunities, reduce drug dealing activities, and enhance the quality of life in the twenty-three square blocks surrounding Maria Hernandez Park.[44] A dog park was completed in Maria Hernandez Park in October, 2012.
- Crime reduction
One of the most critical pieces of the Bushwick Initiative is the strengthened relationship between HPD's Narcotics Control Unit (NCU) and the New York City Police Department's 83rd Precinct and Narcotics Division, who joined together to reduce the extensive drug dealing operations within the target area in the 2000s.[44]
- Housing improvement
In an effort to reduce lead hazards in buildings, HPD and DOHMH created a grant program focusing on residential buildings in the Bushwick Initiative target area. As a result of this outreach, 64 buildings received lead abatement work worth approximately $750,000. 150 buildings were referred to HPD's Housing Litigation Division (HLD) for action. HLD brought cases to compel the owners of those buildings to correct outstanding violations; to obtain civil penalties for the owners' failure to comply with the Housing Maintenance Code and the Multiple Dwelling Law where appropriate; and to compel those owners who had failed to register with HPD to do so. In addition, in situations where the owners had failed to correct emergency conditions, including lead paint hazards, and had denied HPD's inspectors and contractors access to scope and complete the necessary work to remediate the conditions, the Housing Litigation Division obtained access warrants ordering the owners to allow HPD's inspectors and contractors into the buildings to complete necessary emergency repairs.[44]
- Commercial revitalization
Many of the Bushwick Initiative's efforts towards economic development are focused on revitalizing Knickerbocker Avenue, the primary commercial strip in the area. Ridgewood Bushwick spoke to business owners in the area about reviving the now-defunct Knickerbocker Avenue Merchants' Association. Through this organization, Ridgewood Bushwick hopes to utilize SBS's resources to increase economic opportunities for local business owners in the area.[44]
- Sanitation improvement
In addition to DOHMH's lead prevention work, the Bushwick Initiative has benefited from a series of public health programs addressing pest control, infant health, and fitness. DOHMH spent $25,000 purchasing 1,000 rodent-resistant trash cans, which were distributed to buildings with a high number of rodent complaints.[44] Educational information in both English and Spanish concerning rodent control was distributed at the same time, and cans were plastered with the flyers reading "CAN IT – Keep Rats Out of Your Community."[44]
- Comparatively low rents
The last half of the 20th century transformed Bushwick into a home for low-income renters in a primarily Hispanic, immigrant community. Ethnic groups common in the neighborhood are Puerto Ricans, Hondurans, Dominicans, Mexicans, Ecuadorians, African Americans, Haitians, Jamaicans, and Afro-Caribbean. There are also smaller numbers of Chinese, Koreans, Indo-Caribbeans (Guyana and Trinidad), Filipinos, and Arabs in the area.[citation needed] Since 2000, the rise of real estate prices in nearby Manhattan has made the neighborhood more attractive to younger professionals.[45] In the wake of reduced crime rates citywide and a shortage of cheap housing in nearby neighborhoods such as Park Slope and Williamsburg, an influx of young professionals and artists moved into converted warehouse lofts, brownstones, limestone-brick townhouses and other renovated buildings.
Arts Scene[edit]
A flourishing artist community has existed in Bushwick for decades and is still growing.[citation needed] Dozens of art studios and galleries are scattered throughout the neighborhood, between the J, Z, M and L train lines, above and below Myrtle Avenue. There are several open studios programs that help the public visit artist studios and galleries,[46] and a number of websites dedicated to promoting neighborhood art and events.
Elected officials[edit]
- U.S. Congress
- House of Representatives of New York's 12th Congressional District – Nydia Velasquez[47]
- House of Representatives of New York's 10th Congressional District – Edolphus Towns[48]
- New York State Senate
- New York's 17th Senatorial District – Martin Malave Dilan[49]
- New York State Assembly
- New York's 53rd Assembly District – Vito Lopez[50]
- New York's 54th Assembly District – Rafael Espinal[51]
- New York's 55th Assembly District – William Boyland, Jr.[52]
- New York's 56th Assembly District – Annette Robinson[53]
- New York City Council
- New York's 34th Council District – Diana Reyna[2]
- New York's 37th Council District – Erik Martin Dilan[3]
Community-based organizations[edit]
Civic services[edit]
- NYPD – 83rd Precinct[1]
- FDNY – Engine Company 277/Ladder Company 112 "House of Pain," Engine Company 218 "Bushwick Bomberos," Engine Company 237, Squad 252, and EMS 37V.[54]
- Hospitals – Wyckoff Heights Medical Center[55] and Woodhull Medical Center,[56] which is physically in Bed-Stuy but also serves the Bushwick community
- Brooklyn Public Library – Dekalb Branch,[57] Bushwick Branch,[58] and the Washington Irving Branch[59]
- United States Post Office – Wyckoff Heights Station and the Bushwick Station[60]
Major subway services running through the area include the J Z M and L. The Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues bus and subway hub was renovated into a state-of-the-art transportation center in 2007. Bus lines serving Bushwick include the B13, B26, B38, B52, B54, and B60.
During the 1960s under the direction of Robert Moses, there were plans to build an extension of I-78 through Bushwick, to connect lower Manhattan with the southern shore of Long Island.[61] The extension was to be called the Bushwick Expressway, yet was never built due to then Mayor John V. Lindsay's concerns, that traffic leaving Manhattan should bypass it via the Verrazano Bridge.[61]
Parks and recreation[edit]
Bushwick Park and Pool is located on Flushing Avenue between Beaver and Garden Streets, and encompasses 1.29 acres (5,200 m2). The park which is administered by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation has a free public pool (a large pool as well as a children's pool is available), basketball courts, a handball court and a children's playground.[62]
Bushwick Playground is located on Knickerbocker Avenue between Woodbine Street and Putnam Avenue, and encompasses 2.78 acres (11,300 m2). Bushwick Playground park features handball courts, spray showers, a sitting areas and a children's playground.[63]
Green Central Knoll Park is a 2.6 acres (11,000 m2) park located between Flushing and Central Avenues and Knoll and Evergreen Streets. The park is located on the former site of the Rheingold beer brewery. New York City took ownership of the property after the beer company closed due to failure to pay taxes but it was not given to the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation until 1997. The park includes a baseball field, sitting areas and a children's playground.[64]
Heisser Triangle is located at the intersections of Knickerbocker and Myrtle Avenues and Bleecker Street. The triangle is named after Charles Heisser, a World War I sergeant with the 106th Infantry, that was killed in action in France on September 27, 1918. The bronze war memorial at the center of the plot was sculpted by Pietro Montana in 1921.[65]
Hope Gardens Multi Service Center is a building located on Wilson and Linden, it serves as an elderly bingo game building, an after school program for children from kindergarten to fifth grade, a karate class host, and a summer day camp for the neighborhood children.
Irving Square Park is bound between Wilson and Knickerbocker Avenues and Halsey and Weirfield Streets. The park encompasses 2.78 acres (11,300 m2). The park is believed to be named after Washington Irving. The park features swings, a sandpit, spray shower, a handball court and a basketball court. After renovations in 2006 and 2008 the park also features a public plaza and gardening space.[66]
Maria Hernandez Park is a municipal park in Bushwick. It is located between Knickerbocker and Irving Avenues and between Starr and Suydam Streets. It has a newly renovated basketball court, handball court, fitness equipment, spray showers and benches, and a newly built performance stage. The park encompasses 6.87 acres (27,800 m2).[67]
Ridgewood Bushwick Youth Center is a youth activity center administered by the NYC Department of Parks and Recreation located between Gates Avenue and Palmetto Street and run by the Ridgewood Bushwick Senior Citizens Council (RBSCC).[68]
Bushwick has a robust educational infrastructure of thirty-three public and private, primary and secondary schools.[69] This includes 14 public elementary schools, one charter school, four parochial schools, seven high schools, and one secondary school.
Elementary schools[edit]Public[edit]
Middle schools[edit]
High schools[edit]
Combined middle and high schools[edit]
Public housing[edit]
Three New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) developments are located in Bushwick.[70] They are occupied by people of low-income:
- Bushwick II CDA (Group E); five three-story buildings.[71]
- Hope Gardens; seven four- and one fourteen-story buildings.[72][73]
- Palmetto Gardens; one six-story building.[74]
Bushwick artists display their works in galleries and private spaces throughout the neighborhood.
Notable residents[edit]
- Jackie Gleason (1916–1987), actor.[75]
- Rick Gonzalez (born 1979), actor.[76]
- Kenneth McMillan (1932–1989), actor
- Eddie Murphy (born 1961), comedian, actor.[77][78]
- Charlie Murphy (born 1959), comedian, actor
- Rosie Perez (born 1964), actress
- Vincent Schiavelli (1948–2005), actor/writer
- Connie Stevens (born 1938), actress
- Mae West (1893–1980), actress
- Dondre Whitfield (born 1969), actor
- Jules de Balincourt
- Ryan J. Davis (1982-), Theatre director & Social Media Director at Blue State Digital.[79]
- Henry Matyjewicz, artist and spokesperson for Poster Boy (street artist) collective
- André' Pierre Charles, graffiti artist [80]
- Joell Ortiz, rapper (Slaughterhouse)
- Da Beatminerz, hip hop production team
- D-Stroy, Arsonists (rap group)
- Jason, Tina and Rachel Trachtenburg of Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players
- Julius La Rosa (born 1930), singer
- Harry Nilsson, singer/songwriter
- Jeannie Ortega, singer
- OC, rapper
- Tony Touch, rapper and DJ
- Timbo King, rapper
- Q-Unique, rapper
- Daptone Records, indie Music Label
- Bushwick Bill, rapper
- John Francis Hylan (1868–1936), Mayor of New York City.[81]
- Mike Nieves, Deputy Chief of Staff to City Council Speakers Christine Quinn, Gifford Miller and Peter Vallone
- Phil Rizzuto (1917–2007), baseball player and broadcaster[82]
- Notes
- ^ a b "Precincts | 83rd Precinct". nyc.gov. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ a b "NYC City Council". nyc.gov. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ a b "NYC Council". nyc.gov. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ "Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Department of Sociology, Sociology of Brooklyn Page". brooklyn.cuny.edu. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ "Postal Zip Code Map for Brooklyn, New York". brooklyn.com. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ "Grimy, Industrial Bushwick Is a New Hotbed of Galleries". Art America. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ^ VITULLO-MARTIN, Julia. "Bushwick Buzzing, but Not Quite Ready for Prime Time". New York Sun. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ^ a b c "State of the City's Housing & Neighborhoods 2008: Bushwick". Furman Center for Real Estate & Urban Policy. 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ a b Kenneth T. Jackson: The Encyclopedia of New York City: The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995. p.171.
- ^ Block, Stock & Barrel. Block Magazine.
- ^ History of Bushwick. Retrieved November 19, 2006
- ^ The Rise of Slavery: New York had the most slaves in the North, and Long Island had almost half of them, Newsday. Retrieved November 19, 2006
- ^ A Black History of Jamaica, New York. Retrieved November 19, 2006
- ^ http://www.bklyngenealogyinfo.com/Town/Bushwick/Bushwick4.html
- ^ a b Williams, Keith. "Bushwick, Suydam House, and the mark of the Hessians". The Weekly Nabe. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ Field, T.W. (1868). Historic and antiquarian scenes in Brooklyn and its vicinity: with illustrations of some of its antiquities.
- ^ Armbruster, Eugene (1912). The Eastern district of Brooklyn. G. Quattlander.
- ^ Greenpoint History. Retrieved November 19, 2006
- ^ HISTORY OF BROOKLYN: CHAPTER IX. BUSHWICK AND WILLIAMSBURGH, FROM THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION, UNTIL 1854. Retrieved November 19, 2006
- ^ RootsWeb: NYBROOKLYN-L Archives. Archiver.rootsweb.com.
- ^ RootsWeb: NYKINGS-L Archives. Archiver.rootsweb.com.
- ^ Obsolete Brooklyn Street Names. Brooklyn.net (November 15, 2003).
- ^ http://www.freedict.com/onldict/onldict.php
- ^ http://www.bklyngenealogyinfo.com/Town/Wmsburgh.html
- ^ F. J. Berlenbach House Designation Report. (PDF).
- ^ STILES VOL 3. Panix.com.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ Walking Tours: Bushwick. Retrieved December 24, 2006
- ^ The Bushwick Pilsners: A Look at Hoppier Days by Ben Jankowski Republished from BrewingTechniques' January/February 1994. http://brewingtechniques.com/library/backissues/issue2.1/jankowski.html
- ^ NYBROOKLYNL Archives: March 2000. Retrieved December 24, 2006
- ^ New York Food Museum: Beer. Retrieved December 24, 2006
- ^ http://www.industrialnewyork.com/rail/2003515bushwick/index.shtml
- ^ Early Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1878-1913. www.nycsubway.org.
- ^ Dr. Cook's Mansion and Other Bushwick Mansions. Retrieved December 24, 2006
- ^ The Bushwick Renaissance Initiative. Retrieved December 24, 2006
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ a b [4][dead link]
- ^ "The Death and Life of Bushwick". City Journal. (July 13, 1977).
- ^ Gottlieb, Martin. (February 2, 1986) "F.H.A. CASE RECALLS BUSHWICK IN 70'S". The New York Times.
- ^ [5][dead link]
- ^ NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: BUSHWICK UPDATE; Rough Sailing in Wake of Drug Crackdown. The New York Times (November 21, 1993).
- ^ 83rd Precinct CompStat Report. (PDF).
- ^ a b c d e f Bushwick Initiative Draft.indd. (PDF).
- ^ Sullivan, Robert. "Psst... Have You Heard About Bushwick?" The New York Times Published Mar 5, 2006. Retrieved May 3, 2008 [6].
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/arts/design/bushwick-open-studios.html?pagewanted=all
- ^ "Congresswoman Nydia M. Velasquez". house.gov. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Congressman Edolphus Towns". house.gov. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "New York State Senator Martin Malavé Dilan". nysenate.gov. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "NYS Assembly Member Vito J. Lopez". assembly.state.ny.us. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Assembly District 54". assembly.state.ny.us. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "NYS Assembly Member William Boyland, Jr.". assembly.state.ny.us. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "NYS Assembly Member Annette Robinson". assembly.state.ny.us/. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "NYC Fire Department". nyc.gov. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Wyckoff Heights Medical Center". wyckoffhospital.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Woodhull Medical Center". nyc.gov. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "DeKalb Library". Brooklyn Public Library. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Bushwick Library". Brooklyn Library. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Washington Irving Library". Brooklyn Library. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "USPS Locations". usps.whitepages.com. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ a b "Bushwick Expressway (I-78, unbuilt)". nycroads.com. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Bushwick Playground". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Bushwick Playground II". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Green Central Knoll". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Heisser Triangle". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Irving Square Park". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Maria Hernandez Park". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Ridgewood/Bushwick Youth Center". ycgovparks.org. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ NYC Department of City Planning CB4 Profile. None.
- ^ NYCHA locations in Bushwick. Nyc.gov.
- ^ http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/developments/bklynbushwicke.shtml
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/15/nyregion/bushwick-s-hope-is-a-public-project.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
- ^ http://www.nyc.gov/html/hpd/html/about/bushwick-walking-tour.shtml
- ^ http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/developments/bklynpalmetto.shtml
- ^ Staff. "Kid's Talk", News & Record (Greensboro), September 19, 1995. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
- ^ "'Illegal Tender' Star Rick Gonzalez Is a Mama's Boy". nymag.com. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ Lovece, Frank. (BobbiJo Borges) born in 1973 ACTRESS SONGWRITER Ghostwriter .R&B Freelance A&R "'Beverly Hills Cop 3 - Eddie Murphy Is Back", Calhoun Times, June 1, 1994. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
- ^ Eddie Murphy Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story. Biography.com (April 3, 1961).
- ^ Blog. Ryanjdavis.blogspot.com.
- ^ [7]
- ^ Staff. "CITY'S HUB PLACED IN BUSHWICK YARD; Regional Plan Group Finds Geographic Center Is Far From Population Center", The New York Times, March 26, 1937. Retrieved June 9, 2009. "Its best known resident in recent years was former Mayor John F. Hylan, who lived on Bushwick Avenue."
- ^ New York Magazine Dec 24, 1984. New York Magazine. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- Bibliography
- Goodman, James, Blackout. North Point Press. New York, NY 2003 ISBN 0-86547-658-6
- Jackson, Kenneth T. and John B. Manbeck, The Neighborhoods of Brooklyn, 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, 4448. ISBN 0-300-10310-7
- Robert Sullivan (March 5, 2006). "Psst... Have You Heard About Bushwick?". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
- Christine Lagorio (December 7, 2005). "CloseUp on Bushwick, Brooklyn". Retrieved August 8, 2006.
- Jeff Vandam (June 11, 2006). "BargainHunting? Stay on the LTrain a Little Longer". The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2006.
- Cooper, Mabusha "Push ", PUSH HIP HOP HISTORY- The Brooklyn Scene, 1st Books Library, ISBN 1-4107-9935-2
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bushwick, Brooklyn. |
- The Death and Life of Bushwick, City Journal, Spring 2008
- Brownstoner: Bushwick
- Poverty In Bushwick
- The Bushwick Renaissance Initiative
- Bushwiki
- Make The Road By Walking Community Center and Organizing Project.
- Nonprofit Organization for Bushwick Artists and Community
- Ridgewood Bushwick Seniors Citizens Council
- BushwickBK.com
- Photos of Bushwick
- The Bushwick Dream
- Bushwick Homecomings Documentary Film, 2006
- Bushwick Daily: Photo-Inspired Blog
- New York Hoods: Photo Gallery of Bushwick
- Brookfield Glass Company (Bushwick Glass Works, Brooklyn, NY)-- Summary on Brookfield and their glass products
Coordinates: 40°41′39″N 73°55′07″W / 40.69417°N 73.91861°W


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Finally found a replacement
By Nina
from Freeland, MD
About Me Classic, Stylish
Comments about Wilsons Leather Milan Small Zip Around Leather Wallet:
Have had this wallet for a few years and it really started to look worn. Could not find it in stores locally although I shopped everywhere. Finally went on line, and there it was
Holds everything without overloading.
By Miss Vicki
from Snellville, GA
About Me Classic, Practical, Stylish
Excellent quality with exceptional space and security.
A bit coarser leather would be good...
By In search of the perfect wallet
from VA
About Me Classic
Great concept and would be great to use if1. the zipper would not get stuck in the corner of one of the inner compartments2. the leather would be a bit more sturdy/enforced so that closing the snap would be easier
The best wallet anywhere
By Girlfriend
from Martinsville, IN
About Me Comfort-Oriented, Practical, Stylish
I bought this wallet several years ago at a dept store. It was worn out, and I tried several others, but always returned. I then tried search online and found here and I ordered 2 more. I am so thrilled with this wallet, I just cant begin to say enough good things. It meets all my needs. Been thinking I should buy a few more, in case they discontinue them.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Perfect wallet for travel
By Diane
from Chicago, IL
Great wallet for travel - fits in smaller purses. Great quality and function!
Good Quality
By Poochie55
from Baltimore, MD
About Me Classic, Practical
This is a beautiful wallet. The leather is good quality and the color is a lovely dark red. It is bigger than I wanted. It is a bit too bulky for a coat or jacket pocket. I will use it in my purse. Since I like the color and quality I will keep it until it wears out.
Buy only if you like a smell
By BJ
from NJ
About Me Career, Comfort-Oriented, Modern
This wallet is nice it just like the picture shows it but what you can't do is smell a picture. We know that leather has a smell trust me i have 7 coats alone. However this smell is not going away. I don't know if its ink or what and i tried everything.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
My Forever wallet
By deb
from houston, tx
This wallet is perfect for me. I searched to find it because I've had the identical wallet in red about 15 years. Finally wore it out and was in a panic to find another. Almost bought 2 so I would be set for 30 years or so!

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"It's totally out of the board of education's hands," she said.
Students remain in the testing pool even if they have been selected previously. Fisher said she doubts any student was retested, however, because of the large number of students in the pool.
The first time students test positive, the school system notifies their parents. Gillispie said she has a meeting with the student and his or her parents to discuss whether the drug use was a one-time mistake or an ongoing problem.
"The first time is basically an intervention," she said.
Students are not punished for their first offense but are suspended from their extracurricular activity for 14 days if their follow-up test comes back positive. Student drivers also are suspended from driving for 14 days after a second positive test.
If students are positive for drugs in their second follow-up test, they are suspended from driving or extracurricular activities for a year.
"Luckily we did not have any second or third offenses," Gillispie said.
Students are never penalized in school for testing positive, no matter how many positive tests they produce.
Officials say testing already has caused a drop in drug use among students.
Each year, West Virginia students in fifth, eighth and 11th grades take the "Pride survey," which measures their alcohol, drug and tobacco use.
Gillispie said drug use consistently drops year-to-year. But the school noticed a significant decrease from the 2010-2011 school year to 2011-2012, the school system's first year with the random drug-testing program.
In the 2010-2011 school year, alcohol use among eighth-graders dropped 2.8 percent, tobacco use dropped 0.2 percent and drug use increased by 1 percent. Alcohol use among 11th-graders dropped 4.8 percent that year, tobacco use dropped 3.3 percent and drug use dropped 3.6 percent.
One year later, eighth-graders reported a 1.6 decrease in tobacco use last school year, a 6.5 percent drop in alcohol use and a 5 percent drop in drug use. Eleventh-graders reported a 3.8 percent drop in tobacco use, an 8.8 percent drop in alcohol use and a 9.4 decrease in drug use.
"I believe we've given kids an opportunity to say 'no,' " Fisher said.
Contact writer Zack Harold at 304-348-7939 or zack.har...@dailymail.com. Follow him at www.twitter.com/ZackHarold.


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Meine Reise über die Nordinsel war eine unglaublich schöne, spannende und ereignisreiche Woche! Rückblickend kann ich sagen, dass es wahrscheinlich die beste Woche war seitdem ich hier bin. Wir haben so viel unternommen, dass ich hier probiere die besten Erlebnisse nochmal zusammenzufassen.
My trip across the North Island was an incredibly beautiful, exciting and eventful week! Looking back I can say that this was probably the best week since I've been in New Zealand.
Kiwi Experience Driver Guides are totally passionate about New Zealand and committed to make every traveller's trip a trip of a lifetime. They are our most valuable asset and what sets Kiwi Experience apart from the competition. Here is an interview with Kane, Kiwi Ex Driver Guide.
Ein weiteres sehr beeindruckendes Erlebnis auf meinem Trip ueber die Nordinsel Neuseelands war der Maori Kulturabend im Tamaki Maori Village.
Another very impressive experience on my trip around the North Island of New Zealand was the Maori culture evening in Tamaki Maori Village. We went there after our trip to Hobbiton.
Das Highlight meines Nothern Round up – Trips war eindeutig der Skydive in Taupo! Ich habe noch nie vorher einen Fallschirmsprung gemacht und habe mich deshalb schon riesig drauf gefreut.
The highlight of my Northern Round Up – trip was definitely the Skydive in Taupo. I've never sky dived before, which is why I was really looking forward to doing it.
Wenn man als Herr der Ringe Fan in Neuseeland ist, dann ist das Hobbiton Movie Set auf jeden Fall ein Muss.
If you are a Lord of the Rings fan visiting New Zealand, then the Hobbiton Movie Set is definitely a must-see.
Follow Kiwi Experience German Intern Helena's journey around New Zealand...
Folge unserer deutschen Kiwi Experience Praktikantin Helena auf ihrer Reise durch Neuseeland...
Did you travel with Kiwi Experience, or know someone who did? We're compiling a special 25th anniversary photo album on Facebook and want YOUR group photos! Ever wondered what happened to that hot Swedish guy or the Scottish girl with the crazy laugh? This could be your way to get back in touch! Share your photos with us on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram with hashtag #KiwiEx25Years.
Check out the new FREE Kiwi Experience Travel App - The ultimate guide to your Kiwi Experience around New Zealand. Available for download from iTunes for iphones and on the Google play for Android phones.
2014 sees Kiwi Experience celebrate 25 years of legendary adventures! Now with 25 years of experience we are refreshing our route.
A few top tips to help you on your trip of a lifetime in New Zealand with Kiwi Experience.
Kiwi Experience driver trainees journeyed to middle-earth Hobbiton, the home of the Lord of the Rings & The Hobbit movies.
Kiwi Experience has scored a double hat trick at the Golden Backpack Awards for the Best Tour/Transport Operator in New Zealand at the awards gala in Sydney on Friday night.
Marie Basile and her partner Robin Roumieu are the lucky winners of our Facebook competition with two Funky Chicken passes and the top 10 New Zealand activities.
New Zealand is home to some of the most breath-taking, awe-inspiring vistas, spanning just about every type of landscape you can image. From the rugged West Coast beaches to the top of snow-capped volcanoes and everything in between, New Zealand backpackers get to experience some truly special, memorable moments. We decided it was high time we compiled some of the best photos of New Zealand. So here we go...


text:
IRVING -- Doug Free tossed his belongings in a trash bag and then made like Santa Claus and slung it over his shoulder as he left the locker room Monday afternoon.
Ernie Sims hugged John Phillips, knowing it might be for the last time. Dez Bryant and Miles Austin were among those players seeking treatment in the training room.It was same time, last year.For the second year in a row, the Dallas Cowboys' season ended in the last regular-season game. They lost to the Washington Redskins 28-18 in a winner-take-all NFC East showdown."It's a bad feeling to have this feeling again," Cowboys tight end Jason Witten said. "In the end, although the foundation was laid, and guys did a great job and that was a great year in a lot of ways, it's got to turn the corner. The only way you can do that is by getting better and executing those plays and those situations. When you don't do a good enough job, then it is the same old story, and that's why we're in this situation."It doesn't change the way you approach it, and the expectations will be high and we'll have to go prove it. We're not expecting anything different. You've just got to stomach it up and be better because of it. That's the only way you can get to the top. I think all good players, all good teams when they do get there, they think back to those opportunities and what they learned from it to make them a better team, I think that's what we'll do collectively."It is an Unhappy New Year for the Cowboys.They had hoped to be hosting the Seattle Seahawks in a wild-card playoff game at Cowboys Stadium on Sunday afternoon. Instead, they'll be watching the Redskins play the Seahawks.Tony Romo threw three interceptions, the last the killer after Dallas had pulled to within 21-18 late in the fourth quarter. Injuries and mistakes finally did in the Cowboys' playoff hopes after they had won five of six to climb out of the hole of a 3-5 start."We have to do a better job finishing," Cowboys coach Jason Garrett said. "I thought this year we did a really good job finishing games, better than we've done in the past. But we didn't do a better job last night. We didn't do a good enough job finishing this season, the job we needed to do to get to where we want to go. "But we have to understand there's history and precedent in these kinds of situations as you're trying to put a program together. You're going to get knocked back. You're not always going to achieve it in Year 1 or Year 2, but keep doing the things the right way, and you will break through."The Cowboys finished sixth in total offense and 19th in total defense. Romo tied with Drew Brees for the league lead in interceptions with 19 as the Cowboys tied for 27th in turnover margin at minus-13.Though Romo is 1-for-6 in win-or-go-home games now, Garrett said he still believes in his quarterback. Romo's contract expires after the 2013 season, and the Cowboys hope to sign him to a long-term deal this off-season to avoid the $16.8 million cap figure Romo currently has for next season."We have great belief of Tony Romo as our quarterback," Garrett said. "Tony has won a lot of big games for us to get us to the point where we can play for the division in Week 17 in consecutive years. We all know that we want to take the next step, and Tony is going to be a big part of that going forward."I think you have to understand the whole body of work. I think you have to understand that winning is where we get evaluated. He's done a lot of great things for this franchise. We're excited about him being our quarterback."Now that it's 2013, the Cowboys have a clear resolution: Being this year's NFC East champions.Charean Williams817-390-7760Twitter: @NFLChareanTony Romo said he feels like he let his team down on Sunday. Do you agree?
Bears seek permission to meet with Cowboys' Joe DeCamillis
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Roly-Poly Cannon: Bloody Monsters Pack 2 Launch bombs from your cannon and destroy a hell-ful of monsters in a variety of crazy ways. 10/25/2013 11:28:55 AM 18,486
Infinite Monsters Dodge waves of endless monsters as you blow them apart in an effort to take down the evil box. 4/30/2012 12:00:00 AM 9,800
Roly Poly Cannon Bloody Monsters Pack Destroy the monsters in a variety of creative ways by launching bombs at them with your cannon. 11/18/2012 12:00:00 AM 38,636
People On My Lawn 2 Sequel of the People on My Lawn with lots of new features, 50 levels, updated control scheme and new cool art. 1/16/2013 12:00:00 AM 8,824
Roly Poly Monsters Get rid of the evil monsters who have changed town into a dark and scary place. Blow them up using your bombs and make the sur rise again! 12/14/2009 12:00:00 AM 15,349
Roly-Poly Eliminator 2 Strategically remove, slice and explode objects on the play- field to bring a violent end to the evil Roly-Polys. 9/15/2011 12:00:00 AM 14,565
Simple Motions 2 Control the creature collecting stars along the way and reach the red flag to complete the level. 35 levels of fun physics game, plan your route and win the game. 6/28/2012 12:00:00 AM 14,687
Don't Escape I woke up in a room... It is not locked and I remember everything. I'm a werewolf. Tonight I will turn and people will die... unless I find a way to prevent myself from escaping this place. 7/1/2013 10:30:22 AM 10,521
All We Need Is Brain: Level Pack Strategically place brains to lure zombies into traps in each level of this physics-based puzzler. 6/6/2013 10:37:24 AM 6,073


text:
Tribune photo illustration (Nancy Stone / Chicago Tribune) |
- 7000 S Throop St, Chicago, IL 60636, USA
- 5100 S Ingleside Ave, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
- 1100 W 69th St, Chicago, IL 60621, USA
- 7700 S Carpenter St, Chicago, IL 60620, USA
- 6400 S Langley Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- 2700 W Augusta Blvd, Chicago, IL 60622, USA
- 3900 W 19th St, Chicago, IL 60623, USA
- 2300 W Grand Ave, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Three people died and seven others were wounded in shootings Friday night and Saturday morning on the South and West sides, police said.
Half of the people wounded were shot within blocks of 71st Street and Racine Avenue, in the south end of the Englewood neighborhood and north end of the Gresham neighborhood.
A 21-year-old woman was shot and killed in the 3900 block of West 19th Street in the Lawndale neighborhood about 4:33 a.m., police said.
Michelle Gregory of the 7600 block of South St. Lawrence Avenue was pronounced dead at 5:02 a.m. at Mount Sinai Hospital, according to a spokesman for the Cook County medical examiner's office. Gregory suffered multiple gunshot wounds.
A 31-year-old man was found inside his cab near the intersection of Racine Avenue and 69th Street with a through-and-through gunshot wound to the torso, police said. Police recovered shell casings a few blocks north on Racine, police said. Police are investigating whether he was shot near the intersection of Racine Avenue and 66th Street and kept driving before his vehicle came to a rest. He was taken to Advocate Christ Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead about 3:45 a.m., a spokeswoman for the Cook County medical examiner's office said.
He was identified as Adegboye Oguntade of the 3600 block of 173rd Court in Lansing, the spokeswoman said.
About 1:30 a.m., a 52-year-old man was found dead with a gunshot wound to the neck in the 6400 block of South Langley Avenue in the West Woodlawn neighborhood, police said. It's not clear why he was shot, but he showed no signs of life when police responded.
About 3:45 a.m. a 24-year-old man was shot in the 2700 block of West Augusta Boulevard in the Humboldt Park neighborhood, police said. He walked into Norwegian-American Hospital with a gunshot wound to the back and he's in good condition, police said.
A 20-year-old man was shot in the 2300 block of West Grand Avenue in the West Town neighborhood about 3:30 a.m., police said. He's in stable condition at John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, police said.
Two other people were shot near Throop and 70th streets about 11:25 p.m. Friday in Englewood, Chicago Police Department News Affairs Officer Ron Gaines said.
A 20-year-old man was shot in the neck and shoulder and is in serious condition at Advocate Christ Medical Center, police said. A 17-year-old boy was also shot in the stomach and is in critical condition at Stroger hospital, police said. The two were walking on a sidewalk when they were shot, police said.
Two people were shot about 8:55 p.m. in the 7700 block of South Carpenter Street, police said. A 16-year-old boy was shot in the left cheek and left side of the chest and was taken to Advocate Christ Medical Center in good condition, police said. A 19-year-old man he was with suffered a graze wound to the ear and is in good condition at Saint Bernard Hospital and Health Care Center, police said.The two were standing on a corner with several other people when someone pulled a gun and started shooting at them from an alley, police said. Police said the two weren't cooperative and didn't self-identify as gang members, but police believe the shooting was gang-related.
In the Hyde Park neighborhood, a 29-year-old man was shot in the 5100 block of South Ingleside Avenue about 12:45 a.m. He was shot multiple times and was taken to the University of Chicago hospital, Gaines said. Police described the shooting as a drive-by that may be gang-related. Someone inside a passing black SUV shot at the man, police said.
Twitter: @peternickeas


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Recent submissions by Jacqie
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Fiona's bad hair day.
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Fiona and Gavin's first snow experience.
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Human Beans - Jelly Beans for Zombies
Created by: Seven_Hundred
Human Beans(TM) [HOOman BEens] 28 Flavs Later - The Original Gory Jelly Bean - Now with extra "Braaaiiinns" flavour! With the dead walking these days - isn't it only fair that they should get some candy too? Sold in all major malls, casinos & abandoned cabins in the woods. Featuring all the undeads favourite flavours - including Extreme flavours like "Molotov Cocktail' and 'Hot Lead'. Enjoy them indivdually or make up your own flavours by combing them... Thanks for looking and voting


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CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- The partisanship divide in Washington subsided earlier this month, though for only a day.
The Sept. 12 "Business Week" headline "What do Marco Rubio and Deval Patrick agree on?" foreshadowed the truce at the Opportunity Nation Summit, held at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C.
Shortly after these two men gave passionate speeches at their respective party conventions, Sen. Rubio, R-Fla., and Democratic Gov. Patrick of Massachusetts shared a common fire at the summit.
A national campaign to promote opportunity, social mobility and access to the American dream, Opportunity Nation has sparked interest from leaders across the country and on both sides of the political fence.
The "Chronicle of Philanthropy" called Opportunity Nation one of the10 nonprofits to watch in 2012. Its recent summit brought people with experience creating community change together to discuss how to increase economic, educational and civic opportunities and to release the organization's strategic plan and opportunity index.
I am honored to be part of the Opportunity Nation Leaders and Scholars program. Leaders and scholars -- 130 in all -- represented 43 states and the District of Columbia. Each has an unwavering commitment to expanding economic mobility and proven success as a mobilizer in their communities.
Participants learned about the opportunity index and each other. Our charge is to go into our communities and use the shared plan to increase opportunity. Our shared plan is the result of meetings and listening sessions from a diverse group and has eight facets:
1. Engage employers as part of the solution.
2. Incentivize innovation through an enterprising pathways program.
3. Reauthorize and reform federal policies to improve career and technical education.
4. Pair college planning support for low-income students with asset development.
5. Boost mentoring.
6. Drive community collaboration to reconnect youth, re-engaging high school dropouts and preparing them for the labor force.
7. Increase pathways to secondary education success and postsecondary education success.


text:
Opposing Effects of Glutamine and Asparagine Govern Prion Formation by Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Opposing Effects of Glutamine and Asparagine Govern Prion Formation by Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Molecular Cell, Volume 43, Issue 1,
Pages 72-84,
Publication Date 8 July 2011
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.05.013
Randal Halfmann
Simon Alberti
Rajaraman Krishnan
Nicholas Lyle
Charles W. O'Donnell
Oliver D. King
Bonnie Berger
Rohit V. Pappu
Susan Lindquist
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
Corresponding author
Present address: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
Present address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Present address: Neurophage Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
These authors contributed equally to this work
► N-rich proteins more efficiently form amyloids and prions than Q-rich proteins ► N richness reduces proteotoxicity relative to Q richness ► Molecular simulations suggest that N richness decreases nonspecific interactions
Sequences rich in glutamine (Q) and asparagine (N) residues often fail to fold at the monomer level. This, coupled to their unusual hydrogen-bonding abilities, provides the driving force to switch between disordered monomers and amyloids. Such transitions govern processes as diverse as human protein-folding diseases, bacterial biofilm assembly, and the inheritance of yeast prions (protein-based genetic elements). A systematic survey of prion-forming domains suggested that Q and N residues have distinct effects on amyloid formation. Here, we use cell biological, biochemical, and computational techniques to compare Q/N-rich protein variants, replacing Ns with Qs and Qs with Ns. We find that the two residues have strong and opposing effects: N richness promotes assembly of benign self-templating amyloids; Q richness promotes formation of toxic nonamyloid conformers. Molecular simulations focusing on intrinsic folding differences between Qs and Ns suggest that their different behaviors are due to the enhanced turn-forming propensity of Ns over Qs.


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by Shannon Hutton, M.Ed., M.P.A. | 6426 views | 1 comment | Rate this now!
We all want our children to be well behaved, especially when we're not around to intervene. So that's why it can be so difficult when we get that phone call from school saying that our child is misbehaving. While it may not always surprise us, it can be embarrassing and frustrating because we can't be there to redirect our pride and joy!
So what do you do? Here are a few things to try:
Shannon Hutton is a certified School Counselor who counsels students on anger management, social skills, anxiety, divorce, self-esteem, study skills, impulsivity and bullying. She also shares fun kids crafts, coloring pages, easy recipes and simple project ideas at Seasonal Kids Activities and does cool giveaways at Momsational.
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text: Child neglect cases down in West VirginiaMay 20, 2013The Division of Child Protective Services in West Virginia — a sub-agency in the Department of Health and Human Resources — handled 1,569 child welfare cases in March 2013, according to the latest...... MajoritarianOh is that it. So its really worse than we thought it is...or the facts say it is. Gee, when in doubt guesstimate and create another program. If gubment never seems to acknowledge a problem has been solved. Maybe they might be contributing to the problem. Just a thought. 1 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse » lupieangelI don't believe that the cases are down it's just they are not being reported as much. A lot of people don't want to get involved in other peoples business anymore. And of course what I think is so dumb in my mind is when they come out to check on the family that they received a call about, they call and let them know when they will be coming. So if someone is doing drugs in their home and their kids are dirty, running free and possibly hungry, they make sure it looks as good as possible. If they would show up without calling then they would see the real deal to how the children are being taken care of. And sad part also is the same people who are not taking care of their children are the same people who are abusing their elderly parents. I know people who don't take care of their children they are dirty and hungry who also take care of a elderly parent and treats them the same way. They look at them as a check. And meds the elderly parent may get is used to get high with. So sad. 0 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse » johndoechild neglect down. well thats just to bad. id like to see a few more smart mouth 10 year old and under kids back handed alittle more. maybe the crime rate would go down. let parents be parents and beat the snot out of there kids like i had done to me by my dad when i acted up. and guess what, i still love him and became sucessful in life and never used drugs. imagine that. 1 Agrees | 0 Disagrees | Report Abuse » Majoritarian"Despite this deplorable incident where the 20-year-old mother was appropriately charged with child neglect creating a risk of injury" Isnt that nice how they just so happen to remind us "there still are problems" right before they give us the positive news: "CPS statistics reveal that there are far fewer child abuse and neglect cases now in the state than there were six years ago" Call me cynical, but was that necessary. Ever looking out for themselves. How sad. 2 Agrees | 2 Disagrees | Report Abuse » Showing 5 of 5 comments


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International Travel
Everton have fans all over the globe and thankfully Liverpool's airport is particularly well connected.
Liverpool John Lennon airport is approximately 11 miles from the ground.
You can catch the 80A or 86A bus from the front of the Airport to Liverpool South Parkway bus/rail interchange, take a Northern line train to Sandhills station to connect with the Soccerbus service.
When buying your train ticket ask for 'Goodison Park' and for just £1.00 on top of the normal rail fare, you'll get a return journey on the Soccerbus (see above). Alternatively, taxis should be available at the Airport.


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