text:
Quick Facts
- NAME: Kirkpatrick Macmillan
- OCCUPATION: Inventor
- BIRTH DATE: c. September 02, 1812
- DEATH DATE: c. January 26, 1878
- PLACE OF BIRTH: Keir Mill, Thornhill, Scotland, United Kingdom
- PLACE OF DEATH: Keir Mill, Thornhill, Scotland, United Kingdom
Best Known For
Kirkpatrick Macmillan is best known for inventing the first pedal bicycle.
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Play NowKirkpatrick Macmillan. (2014). The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 02:19, Mar 11, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/kirkpatrick-macmillan-9393985.
Kirkpatrick Macmillan. [Internet]. 2014. The Biography Channel website. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/kirkpatrick-macmillan-9393985 [Accessed 11 Mar 2014].
"Kirkpatrick Macmillan." 2014. The Biography Channel website. Mar 11 2014, 02:19 http://www.biography.com/people/kirkpatrick-macmillan-9393985.
"Kirkpatrick Macmillan," The Biography Channel website, 2014, http://www.biography.com/people/kirkpatrick-macmillan-9393985 [accessed Mar 11, 2014].
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Kirkpatrick Macmillan [Internet]. The Biography Channel website; 2014 [cited 2014 Mar 11] Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/kirkpatrick-macmillan-9393985.
Kirkpatrick Macmillan, http://www.biography.com/people/kirkpatrick-macmillan-9393985 (last visited Mar 11, 2014).
Kirkpatrick Macmillan. The Biography Channel website. 2014. Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/kirkpatrick-macmillan-9393985. Accessed Mar 11, 2014.
Born on September 2, 1812, in Keir Mill, Thornhill, Scotland, Kirkpatrick Macmillan was a blacksmith who, in 1837, built a "dandy" horse—a kind of bicycle on which the rider pushes himself along with his feet. Three years later, Macmillan had applied a crank to his machine, making the world's first pedal cycle. The machine also included a wooden frame and iron-tired wheels. Macmillan's invention was never patented, and for many years it was credited to one of his imitators, Gavin Dalzell. Macmillan died in his hometown on January 26, 1878.
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Exxon Mobil Corp operates in the Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels industry, a subset of the Energy sector. The firm has a market capitalization of 425358.78 million, and 82100 employees. Currently, 20 Wall Street Analysts cover the firm, including Alpha Street Research. Over the last 52 weeks the shares have returned 15%, and has a dividend yield of 2.47%. View
Author:Mike Kinge-mailWeb: http://www.companiesandmarkets.comTelefon: London: +44 (0) 203 086 8600

subset: commoncrawl


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Bachman-Turner Overdrive
Bachman and Turner: Still takin' care of business
On their climb to stardom in 1973, the Bachman-Turner band decided they liked the name Overdrive when they saw a copy of the magazine at a truck stop in Windsor, Ontario. They had stopped at ...
Not finished takin' care of business
Randy Bachman and Fred Turner, original band members of Bachman-Turner Overdrive, have reunited as a tour group.
Overdrive's Most Beautiful contest is back for a second year. Submit yourself or a female truck driver you know! The first-place winner will win a trip to The Great American Trucking Show in August and will be featured in a story in Overdrive. Submissions accepted through March 20.
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Temperature control software package
Function block-based platform can provide closed-loop control of multiple zones.
Temperature control loops are an important component for machine manufacturing and are used in many machine applications. B&R has introduced a new software-based closed-loop temperature control package, that the company says can make those loops easier to implement and more effective. The closed-loop control parameters are set automatically, and additional programming is not necessary.
Selected library function blocks in B&R's Automation Studio handle closed-loop temperature control, and an intuitive user interface allows the user to select the temperature range and the temperature sensors used, as well as to define the number of temperature zones required.
The package was designed for multi-channel temperature systems with up to 32 independent control loops, and can provide many auto-tuning possibilities for automatically setting control parameters. B&R says that the system includes special algorithms to ensure that optimized control loop parameters are available for the machine at the push of a button. The compact interface of the controller function blocks also guarantees easy and flexible implementation in the respective automation project. An integrated Visual Components visualization system with trend functionality, data recording, and user level administration optimally rounds off the B&R software package. The control package can be expanded as needed and adapted to the user's individual requirements.
--Edited by Peter Welander, firstname.lastname@example.com
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Lagrangian Mechanics Made Simple
Part 4
Orbital Motion and Kepler's Equation
Ron Steinke <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Last month we introduced the problem of a system two particles whose potential energy
depended only on the distance
between them. The dynamics of this system reduced to
(2) |
Kepler's Equation
For the force of gravity, 1the potential is
(4) |
This solution is unique up to a constant shift in the angle , .
Eq. (5) describes a conic section,
(6) |
(7) |
The Lagrange Stability Points
The three body problem is not solvable in the general case. However,
some approximate solutions are quite interesting. Consider
the case of a small body of mass
orbiting two larger bodies of masses
. For
simplicity we will assume that the two large bodies orbit each other circularly with angular velocity
, and
are unaffected by their attraction to the smaller body. If
the distances of the two bodies from their common center of rotation, then
where is the distance between the two bodies,
Here, is Newton's gravitational constant.
The two larger bodies lie at positions
in a coordinate system with angular velocity
. The Lagrangian for the lighter particle at position
(10) |
(11) |
This substitution gives the Lagrangian the simpler form
(12) |
To find metastable points, we look for solutions where
is zero. We do this by examining the effective potential,
There exist points for which the centripetal acceleration is balanced by the
attraction of the larger bodies. At these points, the force,
where we have dropped the common factor of .
It is possible to solve the second equation in (15) by setting to zero. The value of is then found by solving the first equation. There are three of these solutions, one with , between the two larger bodies, and one each with and , off to each side. These three points are saddle points. If you perturb the small mass off one of these points by a small amount along the direction of its orbit, it will tend to fall back into place. If you perturb it into a higher or lower orbit, however, it will tend to move away from the stability point, either towards one of the two heavier bodies, or pulled away by the centripetal component of the potential (13).
There are also two solutions where
is not equal to zero. These are
The force in the direction is proportional to , indicating that it is pulling against the displacement. Any small perturbation of a particle in the direction will result in a force which tends to pull it back to . The same is not true of perturbations in the and directions, however. The effect of and on the force are determined by a portion of the matrix in (17). The eigenvalues of this submatrix are
(18) |
About this document ...
Lagrangian Mechanics Made SimplePart 4
Orbital Motion and Kepler's Equation
- ... gravity, 1
- This section leans heavily on J. Marion and S. Thornton, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 3rd ed., pp. 256-260
Ron Steinke 2002-08-11
Current Issue: February 2003, Recent Issues: January 2003, November 2002, October 2002 |


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No One will get 10,000 Points.
I think they no noone will get it. Its a trick. Who is with me! This is a big trick. Mwaahah ha ha .
Replies to This Posting
Re: No One will get 10,000 Points.
damn! Should have joined earlier!
me too!
This message has been approved by Nicholas Sanders/ Pikachu 2012


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A Study in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
This study has been completed.
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Information provided by:
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: August 11, 2005
Last updated: May 21, 2013
Last verified: May 2013
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of two dose strengths of study drug compared to placebo in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Cystic Fibrosis |
Drug: denufosol tetrasodium (INS37217) |
Phase 2 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double-Blind Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 28-Day Study of Denufosol Tetrasodium (INS37217) Inhalation Solution in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease |
Resource links provided by NLM:
Genetics Home Reference related topics:
cystic fibrosis
MedlinePlus related topics:
Cystic Fibrosis
U.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.:
Ages Eligible for Study: | 5 Years to 7 Years |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Have confirmed diagnosis of CF
- Have an FEV1 greater than or equal to 60%
- Have oxygen saturation greater than or equal to 90% on room air
- Be clinically stable for at least 4 weeks prior to screening
- Be able to reproducibly perform spirometry maneuvers
Exclusion Criteria:
- Have clinically significant comorbidities
- Have changed their physiotherapy technique or schedule within 7 days prior to screening
- Using prior and concurrent medications according to protocol
Contacts and Locations
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00130182
United States, Colorado | |
The Children's Hospital | |
Denver, Colorado, United States, 80218 | |
United States, Minnesota | |
The Minnesota CF Center | |
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 | |
General Clinic Research Center University of Minnesota | |
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Study Director: | Amy Schaberg, BSN | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. |
More Information
No publications provided
Keywords provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 10, 2014
No publications provided
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00130182 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | 08-107 |
Study First Received: | August 11, 2005 |
Last Updated: | May 21, 2013 |
Health Authority: | United States: Food and Drug Administration |
Keywords provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.:
lung disease |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Cystic Fibrosis Fibrosis Lung Diseases Pulmonary Fibrosis Pancreatic Diseases |
Digestive System Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases Genetic Diseases, Inborn Infant, Newborn, Diseases Pathologic Processes |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 10, 2014


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Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra Becomes Schrott Center's Orchestra-in-Residence
February 27, 2014The Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra (ICO) and Butler University have formalized a partnership designating the ICO as the professional Orchestra-in-Residence at Butler's new Howard L. Schrott Center for the Arts.
The arrangement will further the respective missions of each organization. For Butler students, faculty, and staff, it will bring a regular...
Read moreCampus News
- Butler Singers Prepare to Tour Florida
Thirty-seven members of the Butler Chorale, Butler Chamber Choir, and the a cappella group Freshly Brewed will tour Florida during spring break, singing selections by Faure, Schutz, Whitacre, Gershwin [...] - Music of 'Hands on Fire' Concert Sung via Sign Language
American Sign Language (ASL) and deaf culture will be celebrated during the fifth annual Hands on Fire concert, Wednesday, March 5, 7:00 p.m. in Butler University's Atherton Union Reilly Room. T [...] - CCOM Introduces Majors in Sports Media, Interactive Media
New majors in Sports Media and Interactive Media will be offered by Butler University's College of Communication beginning in the fall. The Sports Media major is designed for students interested [...] - Professor Rao's 'Color Sentences' is Now High Art. Literally.
Associate Professor of Art Gautam Rao's Color Sentences, which was selected for a citywide public project called High Art! that displays works by 10 Indiana artists on billboards throughout [...] - BUCOP Service Earns National Award for Andrew Gonzales
Butler PharmD candidate Andrew Gonzales '14 is one of only eight pharmacy students from across the nation to receive the 2013 RESPy (Respect, Excellence, and Service in Pharmacy) Award. Sponsore [...]
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Some information is missing or invalid below.
Featuring chronograph functionality and a date display, this women's gold-tone stainless steel watch is a lovely and practical addition to any ensemble.
Product Overview:
- Dial: gold tone with gold-tone hands, markers & Arabic numerals
- Water resistance: 50 meters
- Movement: quartz
- Power type: battery
- Manufacturer's 2-year limited warranty
Special Features:
- Calendar: date
- Bezel: stationary
- 12/24-hour formats
- Chronograph: 1-second for up to 24 hours
- Face cover: mineral crystal
- Case material/color: gold-tone stainless steel
- Caseback: stainless steel
- Band material/color: gold-tone stainless steel
- Case dimensions: 37-mm diameter
- Band length: 190-mm
- Band width: 15-mm


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The March issue looks at the debate over the minimum wage, health reform in the states, the long energy relationship between Canada and the U.S. and much more.
Current Issue
A total of 34 states have passed voter ID laws. These are not all in force at this point, either because the implementation date is in the future or because of court challenges.
The 34 voter ID laws vary in their details. Two key distinctions are whether a law is strict or not, and whether or not the ID must include a photo.
Strict vs. Non-Strict: In the "strict" states, a voter cannot cast a valid ballot without first presenting ID. Voters who are unable to show ID at the polls are given a provisional ballot. Those provisional ballots are kept separate from the regular ballots. If the voter returns to election officials within a short period of time after the election (generally a few days) and presents acceptable ID, the provisional ballot is counted. If the voter does not come back to show ID, that provisional ballot is never counted.
Photo vs. Non-Photo: Some states require that the ID presented at the polls must show a photo of the voter. Some of these are "strict" voter ID laws, in that voters who fail to show photo ID are given a provisional ballot and must eventually show photo ID in order to get that provisional ballot counted. Others are "non-strict," and voters without ID have other options for casting a regular ballot. They may be permitted to sign an affidavit of identity, or poll workers may be able to vouch for them if they know them personally. In these "non-strict" states, voters who fail to bring ID on Election Day aren't required to return to election officials and show ID in order to have their ballot counted. In the other voter ID states, there is a wide array of IDs that are acceptable for voting purposes, some of which do not include a photo of the voter. Again, some of these states are "strict" in the sense that a voter who fails to bring ID on Election Day will be required to vote a provisional ballot, and that provisional ballot will be counted only if the voter returns to election officials within a few days to show acceptable ID.
For specifics on what forms of identification are acceptable and the options available to voters who cannot present identification, see Table 2.
Jan. 16, 2014: A state judge struck down Pennsylvania's strict photo ID requirement, saying that it would place an unreasonable burden on voters who do not currently have photo IDs. An appeal to the state Supreme Court is expected.
Aug. 12, 2013: North Carolina's governor signed a major elections reform package. It includes strict photo voter ID as well as changes to early voting, same-day registration and pre-registration.
June 25, 2013: The U.S. Supreme Court struck down Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act, effectively eliminating the requirement that some states submit new election-related laws to the federal government before they are implemented. This ruling may mean that voter ID laws in Mississippi and Texas, laws that have not been pre-cleared, go into effect soon.
April 2, 2013: On April 1, the Arkansas House voted to override Governor Beebe's veto of SB 2. The Senate overrode the veto on March 27.
March 25, 2013: Arkansas Governor Mike Beebe vetoed SB 2, which would have amended the state's voter ID law to be of the strict photo ID variety. The General Assembly only needs a simple majority to override a veto though, so stay tuned to what's happening in Arkansas. And in Virginia, Governor Bob McDonnell has signed two voter ID bills. SB 1256 eliminates all non-photo IDs, moving Virginia into the strict photo ID column, and requires the State Board of Elections to provide free photo IDs for voting purposes. Its effective date is July 1, 2014. HB 1337 also eliminates non-photo IDs, and harmonizes the ID requirements for state and federal elections. Feb. 6, 2013: The Tennessee Supreme Court heard a challenge to that state's voter ID law on February 6, 2013. A ruling isn't expected for several months. Oct. 11, 2012: A federal district court in Washington, D.C. has granted pre-clearance for South Carolina's voter ID law, but delayed implementation until 2013. The state's older, less strict ID law will remain in effect for the November 2012 election. Oct. 2, 2012: A state judge temporarily halted enforcement of Pennsylvania's voter ID law for the November election. The judge stated that an insufficient number of IDs had been issued for voting purposes at the five-week mark preceding the election, and ordered that while poll workers can still ask voters for ID, they must allow those without ID to vote. There will be a status conference on December 13, 2012 to prepare for a trial on the application for a permanent injunction. Sept. 4, 2012: The Dept. of Justice granted pre-clearance for New Hampshire's voter ID law. Aug. 30, 2012: A federal district court in Washington, D.C. has denied pre-clearance for Texas's voter ID law. Pre-clearance was denied by the U.S. Dept. of Justice in March 2012 and Texas applied to the court for reconsideration. Any appeal of today's opinion would go to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Aug. 22, 2012: The U.S. Department of Justice granted pre-clearance for Virginia's amendment to its voter ID law, meaning it can be used in the November election. Virginia's law is not as strict as the laws that were denied pre-clearance in South Carolina and Texas.
Not all of the laws listed below have taken effect. Please see the footnotes for detailed information.
Table 1. State Requirements for Voter Identification
States that Request or Require Photo ID
States that Require ID (Photo Not Required)
Strict Photo ID In effect:
Not yet in effect: Arkansas (9)
*Mississippi (6) *North Carolina
*Pennsylvania (7)
Virginia (8)
*Wisconsin (2)
Photo ID In effect:
New Hampshire
South Dakota Not yet in effect:
**Alabama (1)
Strict Non-Photo ID In effect: Arizona
Non-Strict Non-Photo ID In effect:
Arkansas (9)
North Dakota
Oklahoma (3)
Rhode Island (4)
South Carolina
* New voter ID law has not yet been implemented; state presently has no voter ID law in effect. North Carolina's goes into effect in 2016.
** New voter ID law has not yet been implemented; an older voter ID law remains in effect.
(1) In Alabama, a non-photo voter ID law is in effect Alabama's new photo ID law goes into effect in 2014.
(2) Wisconsin's voter ID law was declared unconstitutional on March 12, 2012. Dane County Circuit Judge Richard Niess issued a permanent injunction barring enforcement of the law, which the state has said it will appeal. Read the March 6 injunction and the March 12 injunction.
(3) There are some who prefer to call Oklahoma a photo voter ID state, because most voters will show a photo ID before voting. However, Oklahoma law also permits a voter registration card issued by the appropriate county elections board to serve as proof of identity in lieu of photo ID.
(4) Rhode Island's voter ID law takes effect in two stages. The first stage, requiring a non-photo ID, took effect on January 1, 2012. On January 1, 2014, a photo ID requirement will replace the non-photo ID law.
(6) Mississippi's new voter ID law was passed via the citizen initiative process. It will be used for the first time in 2014. (7) A state judge temporarily blocked enforcement of Pennsylvania's new voter ID law. . (8) Virginia's strict photo ID requirement takes effect on July 1, 2014. Until then, a strict non-photo ID law remains in effect. (9) The new strict photo ID law in Arkansas will take effect on January 1, 2014, or when the funding to the Secretary of State for the issuance of free IDs for voting purposes has been appropriated and is available.
Legislation has been introduced in at least 30 states; this includes new voter ID proposals in 12 states, proposals to strengthen existing photo ID laws in seven states and other changes to existing photo ID laws in 11 states. View a summary of these bills.
In 2012, voter ID continued to be a high-profile issue in many state legislatures last year, with legislation introduced in 32 states. That includes new voter ID proposals in 14 states, proposals to strengthen existing voter ID laws in ten states, and bills in nine states to amend the new voter ID laws passed in 2011. New voter ID laws were passed in four states -- Minnesota, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Minnesota's law required voter approval in November 2012, however, which it did not receive.
2011 was the year that voter ID became the hottest topic of legislation in the field of elections in 2011, with legislation introduced in 34 states. There were just three states--Oregon, Vermont and Wyoming--that didn't have a voter ID law and didn't consider voter ID legislation that year. The voter ID legislation under consideration fell into two general categories: proposals for new voter ID laws in states that didn't already require voter ID at the polls (considered in 20 states), and proposals to strengthen existing voter ID requirements in order to require photo ID at the polls (considered in 14 states). Learn more about voter ID legislation introduced in 2011and 2012.
Voter ID has been a hot topic in state legislatures over the past decade. Since 2001, nearly 1,000 bills have been introduced in a total of 46 states. Twenty-four states have passed major legislation during the period 2003-2012 (not including gubernatorial vetoes in five states in 2011), and those bills are summarized in the timeline below.
Arizona: On Oct. 20, 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court vacated an Oct. 6, 2006, 9th Circuit Court of Appeals decision that suspended Arizona's requirements pending further litigation. The ID law was in effect for Arizona's 2006 election, and remained in effect in 2008.
Georgia: On Oct. 27, 2006, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld an injunction barring Georgia from enforcing its photo ID law. The injunction was issued a week earlier by a U.S. District Court judge. Georgia's voter ID requirement was reinstated by a federal judge in mid-2007.
Indiana: Photo ID law was upheld by 7th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals on Jan. 4, 2007. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the ruling on appeal in April 2008.
Michigan: The Michigan Supreme Court ruled July 18, 2007 that a voter ID law originally passed in 1996 (but never implemented due to a ruling by the state's Attorney General) is constitutional and enforceable.
Missouri: On Oct.16, 2006, the Missouri State Supreme Court struck down the state's photo ID requirement. ID is still required to vote, but the list of acceptable forms of ID is much broader and includes some forms without a photo.
Ohio: On Nov. 1, 2006, the secretary of state issued an order suspending the requirement that voters present photo ID at the polls for the November 2006 election. The order did not apply to future elections, and voter ID requirements were in effect for 2008.
Wisconsin: A state judge ruled the voter ID law unconstitutional on March 12, 2012. An appeal is expected.
Kansas: A lawsuit was filed in June, 2013, in Shawnee County Court, on behalf of two men who did not have photo ID as required. The men voted provisional ballots in the 2012 general election, but these ballots were not counted because no ID could be provided after the fact.
Pennsylvania: On Oct. 2, 2012, a state court judge temporarily enjoined enforcement of the state's voter ID law, citing the fact that too few IDs had been issued for voting purposes at the five-week mark prior to the election. Poll workers will be permitted to ask voters for ID, but all voters will be permitted to vote a regular ballot regardless of whether or not they have or present ID.
Pennsylvania: On Jan. 16, 2014, a state court judge struck down Pennsylvania's strict photo ID requirement, saying that it would place an unreasonable burden on voters who do not currently have photo IDs. An appeal to the state supreme court is expected.
Existing Law:
Each elector shall provide identification to an appropriate election official prior to voting.
New Law:
Each elector shall provide valid photo identification to an appropriate election official prior to voting.
Vote a challenged or provisional ballot or vote, if s/he is identified by two poll workers as an eligible a voter on the poll list, and both poll workers sign the voting sign-in register by the voter's name.
Vote a provisional ballot or vote a regular ballot if s/he is identified by two election officials as an eligible voter on the poll list, and both election workers sign a sworn affidavit so stating.
Before being allowed to vote, each voter shall exhibit to an election official one form of identification.
An election official may waive the identification requirement if the election official knows the identity of the voter. A voter who cannot exhibit a required form of identification shall be allowed to vote a questioned ballot.
Every qualified elector shall present one form of identification that bears the name, address and photograph of the elector or two different forms of identification that bear the name and address of the elector.
An elector who does not provide the required identification shall receive a provisional ballot. Provisional ballots are counted only if the elector provides identification to the county recorder by 5pm on the fifth business day after a general election that includes an election for federal office, or by 5pm on the third business day after any other election.
Existing Law: Election officials shall request the voter to provide identification. New Law: Election officials shall request most voters to provide proof of identification. The following voters are exempt from the ID requirement: A person who is a resident of a long-term care or residential care facility licensed by the state, and who has documentation from the administrator of the facility attesting that the person is a resident.
Existing Law: If a voter is unable to provide this identification, the election official shall indicate on the precinct voter registration list that the voter did not provide identification. Following each election, the county board of election commissioners may review the precinct voter registration lists and may provide the information of the voters not providing identification at the polls to the prosecuting attorney, who may investigate possible voter fraud. New Law: If the voter is listed on the precinct voter registration list but fails to provide proof of identity, the election official shall: (1) Indicate on the precinct voter registration list that the voter did not provide proof of identity; and (2) Permit the voter to cast a provisional ballot. The provisional ballot shall be counted if (1) the voter returns to the county board of election commissioners or the county clerk by 12:00 p.m. on the Monday following the election and (A) provides proof of identity, or (B) Provides an affidavit stating that the voter cannot provide proof of identity because the voter is indigent or has a religious objection to being photographed; and the voter has not been challenged or required to vote a provisional ballot for any other reason. (§7-5-321)
Any eligible elector desiring to vote shall show his or her identification as defined in section 1-1-104 (19.5).
An eligible elector who is unable to produce identification may cast a provisional ballot.
The designated election official shall attempt to verify that an elector who cast a provisional ballot is eligible to vote. The designated election official or designee shall complete the preliminary verification of the elector's eligibility to vote before the ballot is counted. (§1-8.5-105)
Elector shall, on a form prescribed by the Secretary of the State, write the elector's residential address and date of birth, print the elector's name and sign a statement under penalty of false statement that the elector is the elector whose name appears on the official checklist.
A voter, upon entering the room where an election is being held, shall announce his or her name and address and provide proof of identity
In the event the voter does not have proof of identity with them, he or she shall sign an affidavit of affirmation that he or she is the person listed on the election district record.
The clerk or inspector shall require each elector, upon entering the polling place, to present a current and valid picture identification as provided in s. 97.0535(3)(a). If the picture identification does not contain the signature of the voter, an additional identification that provides the voter's signature shall be required.
Florida driver's license
Florida ID card issued by the Dept. of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
U.S. passport
Military identification
Student identification
Retirement center identification
Neighborhood association ID
If the elector fails to furnish the required identification, the elector shall be allowed to vote a provisional ballot. The canvassing board shall determine the validity of the ballot by determining whether the elector is entitled to vote at the precinct where the ballot was cast and that the elector had not already cast a ballot in the election.
Florida uses signature matching: the voter signs the provisional ballot envelope. That signature is compared to the signature in the voter registration records. If they match, the ballot is counted.
Each elector shall present proper identification to a poll worker at or prior to completion of a voter's certificate at any polling place and prior to such person's admission to the enclosed space at such polling place.
If you show up to vote and you do not have one of the acceptable forms of photo identification, you can still vote a provisional ballot. You will have up to three days after the election to present appropriate photo identification at your county registrar's office in order for your provisional ballot to be counted.
Every person shall provide identification if so requested by a precinct official.
Pollworkers request photo ID with a signature. Acceptable types of ID are not specified by law.
If the voter has no identification, the voter will be asked to recite his/her date of birth and residence address to corroborate the information provided in the poll book.
Each elector shall show a valid photo identification or personal identification affidavit.
A voter may complete an affidavit in lieu of the personal identification. The affidavit shall be on a form prescribed by the secretary of state and shall require the voter to provide the voter's name and address. The voter shall sign the affidavit. Any person who knowingly provides false, erroneous or inaccurate information on such affidavit shall be guilty of a felony.
A voter who desires to vote an official ballot at an election shall provide proof of identification.
A voter who votes in person at a precinct polling place that is located at a state licensed care facility where the voter resides is not required to provide proof of identification before voting in an election.
Specific forms of ID are not listed in statute. ID must be issued by the state of Indiana or the U.S. government and must show the following:
Voters who are unable or decline to produce proof of identification may vote a provisional ballot. The ballot is counted only if (1) the voter returns to the election board by noon on the Monday after the election and: (A) produces proof of identification; or (B) executes an affidavit stating that the voter cannot obtain proof of identification, because the voter: (i) is indigent; or (ii) has a religious objection to being photographed; and (2) the voter has not been challenged or required to vote a provisional ballot for any other reason.
§25-2908, 25-1122, 25-3002, and 8-1324(g)(2)
Each person desiring to vote shall provide a valid form of identification. The following are exempted from the ID requirement:
A voter who is unable or refuses to provide current and valid identification may vote a provisional ballot. To have his or her ballot counted, the voter must provide a valid form of identification to the county election officer in person or provide a copy by mail or electronic means before the meeting of the county board of canvassers.
Election officers shall confirm the identity of each voter by personal acquaintance or by a document.
When the officers of an election disagree as to the qualifications of a voter or if his right to vote is disputed by a challenger, the voter shall sign a written oath as to his qualifications before he is permitted to vote.
Each applicant shall identify himself, in the presence and view of the bystanders, and present identification to the commissioners.
If the applicant does not have identification, s/he shall sign an affidavit to that effect before the commissioners, and the applicant shall provide further identification by presenting his current registration certificate, giving his date of birth or providing other information stated in the precinct register that is requested by the commissioners. However, an applicant that is allowed to vote without the picture identification required by this Paragraph is subject to challenge as provided in R.S. 18:565.
Each voter must show a photo ID or sign an affidavit attesting that he or she is not in possession of photo identification.
An individual who does not possess, or did not bring to the polls, photo ID, may sign an affidavit and vote a regular ballot.
§23-15-563 NOTE: Mississippi's voter ID law will be implemented for the June 2014 primaries.
An elector who votes in person in a primary or general election shall present government-issued photo identification before being allowed to vote. Voters who live and vote in a state-licensed care facility are exempt.
Mississippi's new constitutional amendment simply says "government-issued photo identification." Implementing legislation and/or administrative rules will be necessary to define precisely what this means.
An individual without ID can cast an affidavit ballot which will be counted if the individual returns to the appropriate circuit clerk within five days after the election and shows government-issued photo ID.
Voters with a religious objection to being photographed may vote an affidavit ballot, which will be counted if the voter returns to the appropriate circuit clerk within five days after the election and executes an affidavit that the religious exemption applies.
Before receiving a ballot, voters shall establish their identify and eligibility to vote at the polling place by presenting a form of personal identification.
If an individual does not possess any of these forms of identification, s/he may still cast a ballot if two supervising election judges, one from each major political party, attest they know the person.
Before an elector is permitted to receive a ballot or vote, the elector shall present to an election judge a current photo identification showing the elector's name. If the elector does not present photo identification the elector shall present one of several specified documents showing the elector's name and current address.
If the identification presented is insufficient to verify the elector's identity and eligibility to vote or if the elector's name does not appear in the precinct register, the elector may sign the precinct register and cast a provisional ballot.
Montana uses signature verification to verify the eligibility of provisional ballots. If the voter's signature on the provisional ballot affirmation matches the signature on the voter's registration record, the ballot is counted. (§13-15-107(2))
The ballot clerk shall request that the voter present a valid photo identification. If the voter does not have a valid photo identification, the ballot clerk shall inform the voter that he or she may execute a qualified voter affidavit.
Any other valid photo ID issued by federal, state, county or municipal government
Any other photo ID that is determined to be legitimate by the supervisors of the checklist, the moderator, or the town or city clerk, provided that if any person authorized to challenge a voter under RSA 659:27 objects to the use of such photo identification, the voter shall be required to execute a qualified voter affidavit as if no identification was presented.
Beginning Sept. 1, 2013, the following IDs will be accepted if the name on the ID is substantially similar to that on the voter registration record and the expiration date does not exceed five years:
A person's identity may be verified by a moderator or supervisor of the checklist or the town or city clerk, but if any person authorized to challenge a voter under RSA 659:27 objects to such verification, the voter shall be required to execute a challenged voter affidavit.
If a voter does not have a valid photo identification, the ballot clerk shall inform the voter that he or she may execute a qualified voter affidavit. The voter may then cast a regular ballot.
Within 60 days after the election, the secretary of state is required to mail a non-forwardable letter to each voter who executed a qualified voter affidavit, notifying the person that a person who did not present valid photo identification voted using his or her name and address and instruct the person to return the letter within 90 days with a written confirmation that the person voted or to contact the attorney general immediately if he or she did not vote. Any such letters returned as undeliverable must be turned over to the attorney general, who shall investigate for voter fraud. Notice from any voter receiving such a letter that s/he did not vote is also forwarded to the attorney general for investigation. The secretary must also turn over to the attorney general a list of all voters who fail to respond to the letter to confirm that they voted.
North Carolina
NOTE: North Carolina's voter ID law goes into effect in 2016.
Existing law: When appearing at the polls, a voter must state his or her name and residence address to the election official. The individual, if verified by the election official as a registered voter, must then sign his or her name to the poll book, other voting record, or voter authorization document prior to voting. (G.S. 163-166.7). County boards may not require voters to show voter registration cards to vote. (G.S. 163-82.8)
New law: 2013 HB 589 goes into effect in 2016.
New law in effect in 2016:
An identification card containing a photograph of the registered voter that bears a date of expiration that has not passed and is one of the following:
NC driver's license.
NC special identification card.
US passport.
US military identification card. There is no requirement that this card have a printed issuance or expiration date.
A Veterans Identification Card containing a photo issued by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. There is no requirement that this card have a printed issuance or expiration date.
A tribal enrollment card issued by a federally recognized tribe. If the card does not have an expiration date, it may still be used if the card has a date of issuance that is within 8 years of the date it is presented.
A tribal enrollment card issued by a tribe recognized by North Carolina under Chapter 71A that is (i) issued in accordance with a process approved by the State Board of Elections requiring an application and proof of identity equivalent to the requirements for issuance of a special identification card by the Division of Motor Vehicles, and (ii) signed by an elected official of the tribe.
Driver's license or special identification card issued by another state, D.C., or a territory or commonwealth of the U.S. only if the voter's registration was within 90 days of the election.
People over age 70 may use an expired form of ID.
New Law in effect in 2016:
An individual who voted a provisional ballot due to lack of photo ID is to come in person to the CBOE no later than 12:00 noon on the day before the election canvass to seek the counting of the ballot. If the voter does one of the following at the CBOE, unless otherwise disqualified, the ballot will be counted:
Present Photo ID – A voter may present photo ID that bears a reasonable resemblance to the voter. The elections officials are to determine if the photo ID bears a reasonable resemblance.
Religious Objection – A voter who had not previously filed a religious objection declaration may show a HAVA document and sign a declaration of their religious objection, as well as have an opportunity to complete a declaration for future elections.
Before delivering a ballot to an individual, the poll clerks shall request the individual to show identification. Effective August 1, 2013: Poll clerks shall require that the individual show identification.
If an individual offering to vote does not have or refuses to show an appropriate form of identification, the individual may be allowed to vote without being challenged if a pollworker is able to vouch for the voter's identity and address. Otherwise, the individual may vote as a challenged voter by executing an affidavit that the challenged individual is a legally qualified elector of the precinct. Effective August 1, 2013: The affidavit process is repealed, and voters without ID are not able to vote.
All voters must provide to election officials at the polling place on the day of an election proof of the voter's identity. Also applies to voters requesting and voting an absentee ballot.
Current and valid photo identification, defined as a document that shows the individual's name and current address, includes a photograph, includes an expiration date that has not passed, and was issued by the U.S. government or the state of Ohio
A voter who has but declines to provide identification may cast a provisional ballot upon providing a social security number or the last four digits of a social security number. A voter who has neither identification nor a social security number may execute an affidavit to that effect and vote a provisional ballot. A voter who declines to sign the affidavit may still vote a provisional ballot.
Voters who cast a provisional ballot because they did not provide acceptable proof of identity must appear in person at the board of elections to provide such proof within the 10 days immediately following Election Day. (see the Ohio Secretary of State's FAQ on provisional voting)
Each person appearing to vote shall provide proof of identity.
"Proof of identity" shall mean a document that satisfies the following:
A voter registration card issued by the appropriate county elections board may serve as proof of identity without meeting all of the above requirements. An ID card issued to a person who is aged 65 or older and is valid indefinitely shall suffice for voting purposes. Effective Nov. 1, 2013: ID cards issued by the U.S. Armed Forces will also be accepted for voting purposes.
A person who declines or is unable to produce proof of identity may sign a statement under oath swearing or affirming that the person is the person identified on the precinct registry and cast a provisional ballot.
Information provided by a person who votes a provisional ballot shall be investigated by the secretary of the county election board after the election. A provisional ballot shall be counted only if it is cast in the precinct of the voter's residence and if evidence of the provisional voter's valid voter registration, or of the voter's identity, is found. (§26-7-116.1)
Effective Nov. 1, 2013: A provisional ballot cast by a voter who declines or is unable to produce proof of identity shall only be considered verified and approved for counting if the voter's name, residence address, date of birth, and driver's license number or last four digits of social security number as provided on the affidavit match what is in the registration database.
Pennsylvania NOTE: PA's voter ID law is not in effect, pending the outcome of a court case.
Each elector who appears to vote and desires to vote shall present proof of identification.
Identification must satisfy the following:
A voter who is indigent an unable to obtain ID without any payment or fee, or who is otherwise unable to obtain ID, may vote a provisional ballot.
A voter who casts a provisional ballot because he or she is unable to provide proof of identification must execute an affirmation that he or she is the same person who appeared to vote on election day and do one of the following within six calendar days after the election:
A voter who is indigent and unable to obtain proof of identification without payment of a fee must submit an affirmation that he or she is the same person who appeared to vote on election day and that he or she is indigent in the same time frame and manner as described above.
Rhode Island
NOTE: RI's new voter ID law takes effect in two stages. The first stage took effect on Jan. 1, 2012. The second stage will require photo ID beginning Jan. 1, 2014.
Any person claiming to be a registered and eligible voter who desires to vote at a primary, special or general election shall provide proof of identity.
Effective Jan. 1, 2012:
A valid and current document showing a photo of the person to whom it was issued, including:
The following forms of ID will be acceptable until Jan. 1, 2014, when only the photo IDs listed above will be accepted for voting.
A valid and current document without a photograph, including:
If the person claiming to be a registered and eligible voter is unable to provide proof of identity as required, the person shall be allowed to vote a provisional ballot pursuant to section 17-19-24.2. The local board shall determine the validity of the provisional ballot pursuant to section 17-19-24.3.
Summary of section 17-19-24.3:
The local board shall examine each provisional ballot application to determine if the signature matches the signature on the voter's registration. If the signatures match, the provisional ballot shall count. If the signatures do not match, the ballot shall not count and shall be rejected as illegal.
When a person presents himself to vote, he shall produce a valid and current ID.
Voters who have a reasonable impediment to obtaining photo ID may show a non-photo voter registration card in lieu of photo ID, sign an affidavit attesting to the impediment, and cast a provisional ballot.
If you have a reasonable impediment to obtaining Photo ID, you may vote a provisional ballot after showing your non-photo voter registration card. A reasonable impediment is any valid reason, beyond your control, which created an obstacle to obtaining Photo ID. Some examples include:
To vote under the reasonable impediment exception:
Present your current, non-photo registration card at the polling place
Sign an affidavit stating why you could not obtain a Photo ID
Cast a provisional ballot that will be counted unless the county election commission has reason to believe your affidavit is false.
If you do NOT have Photo ID and do NOT have a reasonable impediment to obtaining one, or you simply forgot to bring it with you to the polls, you may still vote a provisional ballot. However, for your vote to be counted, you must provide one of the Photo IDs to the county election commission prior to certification of the election (usually Thursday or Friday after the election).
When a voter is requesting a ballot, the voter shall present a valid form of personal identification.
If a voter is not able to present a form of personal identification as required, the voter may complete an affidavit in lieu of the personal identification. The affidavit shall require the voter to provide his or her name and address. The voter shall sign the affidavit under penalty of perjury.
Each voter shall present to the precinct registrar one form of identification that bears the name and photograph of the voter.
If a voter is unable to present the proper evidence of identification, then the voter will be entitled to vote by provisional ballot in the manner detailed in the bill. The provisional ballot will only be counted if the voter provides the proper evidence of identification to the administrator of elections or the administrator's designee by the close of business on the second business day after the election.
However, "A voter who is indigent and unable to obtain proof of identification without payment of a fee or who has a religious objection to being photographed shall be required to execute an affidavit of identity on a form provided by the county election commission and then shall be allowed to vote." §2-7-112(f)
On offering to vote, a voter must present to an election officer at the polling place one form of identification.
All of the above must include a photo of the voter. With the exception of the certificate of citizenship, these forms of ID cannot be expired, or cannot have expired more than 60 days before the election.
A voter who fails to present the required identification may cast a provisional ballot. The voter must present, not later than the sixth day after the date of the election, the required form of identification to the voter registrar for examination OR the voter may execute, in the presence of the voter registrar, an affidavit under penalty of perjury stating that the voter has a religious objection to being photographed or that the voter does not have identification as a result of a natural disaster declared by the president or the governor which occurred not earlier than 45 days before the date the ballot was cast.
A voter shall present valid voter identification to one of the poll workers.
The voter may cast a provisional ballot as provided by §20A-3-105.5
§20A-4-107 states that a county clerk may verify the identity and residence of a voter who fails to provide valid voter identification "through some other means."
§24.2-643(B) NOTE: Beginning on July 1, 2014, Virginia law will require a photo ID in order to vote.
The officer shall ask the voter to present any one of the specified forms of identification.
Any voter who does not show one of the forms of identification specified in this subsection shall be offered a provisional ballot marked ID-ONLY that requires no follow-up action by the registrar or electoral board other than matching submitted identification documents from the voter for the electoral board to make a determination on whether to count the ballot. In order to have his or her ballot counted, the voter must submit a copy of one of the forms of identification to the electoral board by facsimile, electronic mail, in-person submission, or timely United States Postal Service or commercial mail delivery, to be received by the electoral board no later than noon on the third day after the election.
The county auditor shall require any person desiring to vote at a voting center to either sign a ballot declaration or provide identification.
The identification must be valid photo identification, such as:
Any individual who desires to vote in person but cannot provide identification shall be issued a provisional ballot, which shall be accepted if the signature on the declaration matches the signature on the voter's registration record.
§5.02(6m) and 6.79(2)(a)
NOTE: Wisconsin's voter ID law is not currently in effect due to a pending court case.
NOTE: Wisconsin's voter ID law is not currently in effect. Each elector shall be required to present identification.
NOTE: Wisconsin's voter ID law is not currently in effect.
All of the above must include a photo and a name that conforms to the poll list.
If the ID presented is not proof of residence,the elector shall also present proof of residence.
NOTE: Wisconsin's voter ID law is not currently in effect. An elector who appears to vote at a polling place and does not have statutory ID shall be offered the opportunity to vote a provisional ballot. An elector who votes a provisional ballot may furnish statutory ID to the election inspectors before the polls close or to the municipal clerk no later than 4pm on the Friday following Election Day.
7700 East First Place Denver, CO 80230 Tel: 303-364-7700 | Fax: 303-364-7800
444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 515 Washington, D.C. 20001 Tel: 202-624-5400 | Fax: 202-737-1069


text:
The Critical Site Network (CSN) Tool is a new online resource for the conservation of 294 species of waterbirds and the important sites upon which they depend in Africa and Western Eurasia. Leading global conservation organisations working for the protection of waterbirds and their habitats have joined forces to develop this tool, strengthening the implementation of the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
Resource Type: Tools / ApplicationsUNEP-WCMC, with support from the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), has launched a new website highlighting the potential for actions on reducing emissions from land use change to secure additional important benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem services (co-benefits). The website demonstrates the utility of spatial analyses to assist decision makers in identifying areas where high carbon, high biodiversity priority, and ecosystem service values overlap, which represent opportunities for securing co-benefits. It showcases UNEP-WCMC's recent work with in-country partners on developing such analyses and includes an interactive mapping tool that allows users to explore the spatial relationships between carbon and co-benefits.
Resource Type: Tools / ApplicationsThis innovative tool provides users with initial estimates of embedded carbon within an identified spatial area such as a protected area or any user-defined polygon drawn on a global map.
Resource Type: Tools / Applications©2014 UNEP All rights reserved


text:
Football's best moustaches
- Strike averted: country's main airports to remain open Friday
- 'Size of investigation' delays cases of eight charged in connection to fatal attack on Dale Creigthon
- Judge gives extra time to complete evidence in Anglo bank fraud case
- Kenny vows all penalty point recommendations will be implemented
- 'We are fearing the worst at this stage'
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Neville: Wenger must take the blame for Ozil's dip in form
Gary Neville says Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger must take a share of the blame for Mesut Ozil's recent run of poor form, arguing there is "no excuse for an experienced manager" not to have given the German a break from action over the winter.
Barcelona's decline and fall shows the end of an empire
Genially, but rather pointedly, Gerardo Martino announced: "I'm not going to say that Barcelona is dead." He will just leave others to write those obituaries for him.
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text:
Cyber lab turns to cryptology experts for help
Wednesday - 8/15/2012, 8:51am EDT
ComputerWorld reports, Kaspersky figured out Gauss is spread using USB memory sticks. But much of the code is encrypted using a key called RC4.
Gauss is suspected of being related to Stuxnet, the 2010 virus that helped wreck Iranian nuclear centrifuges. The federal government was later found to have had a hand in developing Stuxnet. Gauss spies on financial activity at banks in the Middle East.
This story is part of Federal News Radio's daily Cybersecurity Update. For more cybersecurity news, click here.


text:
"My experience in ordering an electronic whiteboard from Clary Business Machines was super easy. I did some research online and decided Clary had the Panaboard that we needed. I placed the order online a week and a half ago and the board was delivered today. I hope the guys around here can figure out how to install it!!"
Use these pressboard folders for heavy-duty and bulky records. Made of 25 point blue Pressboard. Folders offer a 1" expanding extra-strong reinforced tape gusset at bottom, 9-1/2" height and a straight-cut tab.


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Canon 5DMark II f2.8 100mm macro lens ISO 1600 f2.8@ 1/1000th handheld
Lovely image, Craig. I really like the mood – seems rather melancholy. Have a great holiday and wonderful 2012.
The Christmas ornament says joy and the subdued background says to me a time to be serious and full of emotion. A great combination of feelings but with spot of light light. Love the rhythm between the ornament and bokeh formed by the tree buds
A nice gift for the season.
Quiet and peaceful, with a subtle beauty.
Wishing you much joy in this holiday season, and the year to come!
Lovely. The man-made ornament tells of the fruits of this season, while the pussy willow buds promise the return of spring and new fruits for the new year.
Have a wonderful holiday season to all who read this. See ya'll next year!
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