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Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting
The scheduling of television programming in North America (namely the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Greenland) must cope with eighteen time zones. The United States (excluding territories) has six time zones (Hawaii-Aleutian, Alaska, Pacific, Mountain, Central, and Eastern), with further variation in the observance of daylight saving time. Canada also has six time zones (Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, and Newfoundland). Mexico has three time zones (Pacific, Mountain, and Central). Greenland has three (Atlantic time, UTC−03, and UTC−01, with UTC−02 not used). This requires broadcast and pay television networks in each country to shift programs in time to show them in different regions.
Canadian broadcasting networks, with six time zones and a much larger percentage of its audience residing in the Mountain Time Zone than in the Central Time Zone, are sometimes able to avoid the issues that affect American programming by airing pre-recorded programs on local time. CBC Television and CTV created delay centres in Calgary, in the early 1960s in order to allow programming to air in each time zone based on the region.[1] The sole exception is in Newfoundland and Labrador, most of which has a time zone oddity of running a half-hour later than the nearby Maritimes region. This practice can cause problems in Saskatchewan as most of the province does not observe daylight saving time and remains on Central Standard Time year-round. While clocks in most of Saskatchewan match those in Winnipeg during the winter, they match clocks in Calgary and Edmonton during the summer, despite the fact that Alberta is in the Mountain Time Zone. Schedules must therefore be adjusted during the summer in some areas. The exception to this rule is Lloydminster, which straddles the Alberta/Saskatchewan border; it is on Mountain Time year-round.
In the vast majority of cases, local time schedules on CBC Television stations (and, for that matter, the CBC's radio networks) are identical in all markets, except for certain types of live programming and the aforementioned oddity of the Newfoundland Time Zone; CBC stations in Newfoundland use the same network feeds as the Maritimes so programs are scheduled for 30 minutes "later" than other parts of the country, typically noted in the CBC's network promotions with phrasing such as "6 o'clock, 6:30 in Newfoundland." Since the majority of Labrador is in the Atlantic Time Zone, whenever the province's two full-fledged stations, CJON and CBNT (both based in St. John's), originate local programming, they usually refer to it as "coming up at 6 o'clock, 5:30 in most of Labrador."
However, particularly among private broadcasters, there are often significant variances in local schedules from one time zone to the next due to the preference for showing American programs at the same time as the American network affiliates available through local cable and satellite television providers, which maintains a Canadian broadcaster's right to simultaneous substitution. This is further complicated by the fact that the affiliates available are not necessarily from the same time zone. For example, the easternmost time zone in the United States is the Eastern Time Zone, so viewers in Atlantic Canada always receive American network affiliates from that time zone. Meanwhile, while Alberta is on Mountain Time, the American stations available in Alberta have always come from Spokane, Washington; which is in the Pacific Time Zone. This is likely because Spokane was the nearest market to Alberta that had full service from the Big Three networks in the 1950s; although Alberta borders Montana, much of that state didn't get full network service until the 1980s. Hence in both the Atlantic and Mountain time zones, American "prime time" actually runs from 9:00 p.m. to midnight.
Accordingly, while private Canadian networks have generally adopted the American practice of broadcasting simultaneously to the Eastern and Central time zones ("8:00, 7:00 Central"), in recent years they have standardized on a different approach for stations in the Atlantic and Mountain time zones. In these markets, American programming is simulcast between 9:00 and 11:00 p.m. local (8:00 to 10:00 on the American stations being simsubbed), while the American "10:00 p.m." program, despite often being dramatically darker or more adult in tone, is usually telecast earlier in the evening at 8:00 p.m. local time. In the case of lengthy events such as movies or awards shows which extend into the 10:00 p.m. ET/PT hour, the program will usually be scheduled to air within the local primetime block if possible (although surrendering any local simsub privileges for that program in the process) or simply aired to its conclusion in the case of live events (particularly in the Atlantic time zone). In Newfoundland, the lone local private station, CJON-DT, currently follows the lead of its Maritime counterparts in most cases, but again with a further 30-minute "delay" for Newfoundland Time.
A small number of Canadian television networks are not broadcast to a national audience such as over-the-air networks CTV Two and City – which are broadcast only in certain markets and which do not have any stations in the Yukon Territory, Nunavut, or the Northwest Territories – and premium cable channels Movie Central and The Movie Network – which broadcast in separate areas of Canada (Movie Central in the Territories and Western Canada and The Movie Network in Ontario, Quebec, and the Atlantic Provinces). Such channels may not require significant timeshifting, since they only cover a few time zones instead of serving all six time zones that serve the country. Ici Radio-Canada Télé, the French counterpart of CBC Television, has four feeds to allow programs to air at the same time in each zone's local time, except for the Atlantic and Newfoundland time zones, which telecast programs at the same time as in the Eastern Time zone, but 60 and 90 minutes later respectively on their clocks (e.g. 20h00 HE/21h00 HA/21h30 HT).
Some specialty cable and satellite television channels in Canada have two broadcast feeds for Eastern and Western Canada (such as YTV, Teletoon, and The Comedy Network). The Eastern feed airs programs on an Eastern Time schedule, while the Western feed airs the same programming three hours later on Pacific Time. The separation between feeds is typically implemented at the border between Manitoba and Ontario, however one channel, the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network, implements the separation at the border between Manitoba and Saskatchewan. All other specialty cable channels have one feed for all time zones, including French language channels that predominantly serve Francophone areas of the country, mostly in Quebec.
The UTC−03:00 Standard Time Zone is commonly used as a de facto official time by the Greenlander main broadcasting station Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa; there are three time zones but most of the island's population resides in the UTC−03:00 zone, which covers the central one-third of Greenland. Thus broadcasters sometimes avoid timeshifting issues by airing programs on UTC-03:00 time. This is a problem in the eastern town of Ittoqqortoormiit as the settlement and its surrounding area uses UTC−01:00 Standard Time Zone. Both time zones observe daylight saving time with European Union DST rules.
The UTC−04:00 Standard Time Zone is used in northwestern Greenland, and the area around Thule Air Base observes North American DST rules, known in Canada as the Atlantic Time Zone and in the Caribbean as the "Eastern Caribbean Time Zone". The UTC−02:00 Standard Time Zone is not used.
The Central Time Zone is commonly used as a sort of de facto official time for the Mexican broadcasting networks, with three time zones to span. Since a much larger percentage of its audience resides in the Central Time Zone than in the Mountain Time Zone, stations often broadcast their programs on Central Time. This is particularly a problem in Sonora since the whole state does not use daylight saving time and it remains on Mountain Standard Time year-round (this matches the practice of Arizona, with which it shares a long border). The thinly-populated Revillagigedo Islands do not use daylight saving time and they remain on Mountain Standard Time year-round, with the minor exception of Clarion Island which remains in the Pacific Standard Time year-round.
When the American government extended its daylight time period in 2007, Mexico did not change its effective dates. This means that in most of the country, daylight saving time starts three or four weeks later and ends one week earlier than in the United States and Canada. However, the northern border cities in four of the six states that border on the United States (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas), plus the entire state of Baja California, activate daylight saving time on the same dates as the United States and Canada. During the period when the United States and Canada are on daylight saving time and most of Mexico is not:
- Baja California is one hour behind Mexico City;
- The northern border cities of Chihuahua have the same time as Mexico City;
- Northern border cities in Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas are one hour ahead of Mexico City.
United States[edit]
Time zone feeds[edit]
With four time zones in the contiguous United States, American broadcast television networks and cable/satellite channels generally broadcast at least two separate feeds to their owned-and-operated stations and affiliates: the "eastern feed" that is aired simultaneously in the Eastern and Central Time Zones, and the "western feed" that is tape-delayed three hours for those in the Pacific Time Zone. This ensures that a program, for example, that airs at 8:00 p.m. on the East Coast is also shown locally at 8:00 p.m. on the Pacific Coast. Networks may also broadcast a third feed specifically for the Mountain Time Zone, where they are usually broadcast on a one-hour delay from the Eastern Time Zone. Otherwise, some stations in the Mountain Time Zone use the western feed.
The Eastern Time Zone is commonly used as a de facto official time for the United States – since it includes the nation's capital city Washington, D.C., the country's largest city, New York City, and about one-half of the country's population.[2] Because of this, television schedules are almost always posted in Eastern Time. Broadcast networks and cable channels also advertise airtimes in Eastern Time, sometimes also including either Central Time or Pacific Time. This has led to conventions like "tonight at 9:00/8:00 Central" (referring to the eastern feed), "tonight at 9:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific" (referring to both the eastern feed and the three-hour delayed western feed), and "tonight at 9:00/8:00 Central and Mountain" (also including the Mountain feed).
A few cable channels may not audibly refer to the Central time airtime of a program, though their promos may also visually include references to its broadcast in both the Eastern and Central time zones. So when a viewer only hears "tonight at 8:00", regardless of whether the promo visually includes it or not, probably the show they are referring to is scheduled to be telecast at 7:00 p.m. in the Central Time Zone.
Some networks also broadcast an East Coast feed which includes the Eastern, Central, and Mountain Time Zones, and a West Coast feed which includes Pacific Time, the Alaska Time Zone, and the Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone.
Broadcast television[edit]
Effectively, the East, Mountain, and West network feeds allow prime time on the over-the-air broadcast television networks to end at 10:00 p.m. Central and Mountain and 11:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific. When it first expanded its programming into primetime in April 1987, Fox became the first major U.S. broadcast network to offer a "common prime" schedule; this type of scheduling subtracts an hour from the primetime schedule, reducing it to two hours on Monday through Saturdays and three hours on Sundays – ending evening network programming earlier than NBC, CBS, and ABC did – and continue to do (Fox did expand its Sunday primetime schedule into the 10:00 p.m. timeslot in September 1987, before giving back to that hour to its stations in 1993). The WB and UPN followed the "common prime" scheduling model when they both launched in January 1995. This was replicated by The CW and the MyNetworkTV program service upon their launches in September 2006.
Only the Eastern and Pacific Time Zones run primetime network programming beginning at 8:00 p.m. (7:00 on Sundays); the other four time zones in the country – Central, Mountain, Alaska, and Hawaii-Aleutian – run primetime programming at 7:00 p.m. (6:00 on Sundays) – however, the major broadcast networks only simultaneously broadcast network programs to the Eastern and Central Time Zones, while the others receive all network programs separately in each zone at timeslots mirroring the two easternmost U.S. time zones. Network programming in Alaska generally follows a schedule similar to that of Central Time Zone, with the stations in Anchorage broadcasting directly from the Pacific Time Zone feed without a tape delay. Thus, programs that are broadcast at 8:00 p.m. in Los Angeles and Seattle will be shown at 7:00 p.m. in Anchorage and Juneau. With the exception of the ABC affiliate KATN, network programming in Fairbanks, Alaska is tape-delayed by one hour. The stations in Hawaii (all located on Oahu, with repeaters and satellite stations that relay the major network affiliates' programming to Wailuku and Hilo) also follows a schedule similar to the Central Time Zone (though the state's Fox affiliate, KHON-TV, and its satellites broadcast the network's Sunday programming on a one-hour tape delay from 7:00 to 10:00 p.m. instead of 6:00 to 9:00 p.m.).
In the territory of Guam, which is on the other side of the International Date Line from the rest of the United States, television stations broadcast primetime shows, network newscasts, and morning shows the day after they are broadcast in the mainland. However, most sports events are broadcast live. Those that are broadcast in the daytime in the mainland are shown overnight in Guam, while NBC Sunday Night Football, the World Series, and other prime time telecasts are shown the next morning, typically at 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. The only network affiliate in American Samoa, KKHJ-LP, broadcasts the Pacific time zone feed on a three-hour delay (details for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are in the next section below).
In 2009, PBS began using Internet servers instead of separate feeds for time delaying of its programming to the network's member stations, the servers imitate a delayed program feed, broadcasting the program at the correct airtime as if it were being broadcast via satellite. This was done as PBS had upgraded its main program feed to high-definition (or to widescreen digital at the very least) in December 2008, but satellite capacity allowed for only Eastern and Pacific time zone feeds, prompting the removal of the Central and Mountain time zone feeds and a shared feed for Alaska and Pacific time zones in February 2009, which created complaints from PBS stations.[3]
For some shows, the networks must utilize a fourth feed for the Central Time Zone. Morning shows like Good Morning America, Today, and CBS This Morning may start too early for viewers in the Midwest and the central South; hence, they are tape-delayed to air at 7:00 a.m. Central Time.
Not all of the network programming is strictly scheduled, however. Network soap operas, game shows, and national news programs have recommended times to be broadcast, but the final scheduling for those shows - or any preemption thereof - is most often at the discretion of the local stations.
Cable and satellite television[edit]
Subscribers to cable or satellite television services may still only receive the East Coast feed for certain channels even if they reside on the West Coast. Some cable channels do in fact only offer one telecast to begin with, meaning viewers see the same program in all time zones. For example, when superstation WGN America telecasts the 9:00 p.m. Central Time newscast from WGN-TV in Chicago, the program is also seen at 10:00 p.m. Eastern Time in Washington, D.C., and at 8:00 p.m. Mountain Time in Denver.
On the other hand, some broadcasters offer both the East and West coast feeds of some basic cable channels for viewing in all time zones, allowing viewers who missed a particular program to watch it three hours earlier or later depending on the time zone they live in, and depending on their own personal schedules. Nickelodeon is the only American basic cable channel that telecasts dual broadcast feeds to viewers who do not subscribe to satellite television, as that channel offers an alternate feed known as Nick 2, which is essentially the opposite coast's feed of Nickelodeon (the Pacific time zone feed for East Coast viewers, and vice versa) to digital cable subscribers – while the channel's main feed for the respective time zone is carried on the local cable provider's basic package.
The usage of dual feeds of the same channel is a commonplace method for premium channels such as HBO, Showtime, and Starz, in which the Pacific time zone feed of (usually only) the primary channel is packaged with the East Coast feed of the main channel and the pay service's multiplex channels (if the premium channel has any). In some cases, cable networks (such as cable news and sports channels) "fake" the dual feed approach by recycling their same-day prime time programming during the overnight hours on a three (or four) hour cycle; in this case, the programs are automatically rebroadcast at the advertised time (or one hour later) in the Pacific time zone.
Live events[edit]
Many national live events are broadcast simultaneously nationwide – including most sporting events, national breaking news stories, the State of the Union address, presidential and Congressional election coverage, and certain award shows (such as the Academy Awards). Live events that are simulcast across the country also present special problems for local stations; for such events the networks may either advertise Eastern time only, or list the times in both Eastern and Pacific (e.g. "8 p.m. Eastern/5 p.m. Pacific"). As such, a live Sunday sporting event that is played from 4 to 7 p.m. Eastern Time preempts local 6 p.m. newscasts on the East Coast. Likewise, a State of the Union address that is televised at 9 p.m. Eastern Time preempts local 6 p.m. newscasts on the West Coast.
However, many award shows, most Olympic competitions, and other similar events that are broadcast live in the Eastern and Central time zones, including some that originate from Los Angeles (such as the Grammy Awards, certain reality competition shows such as Dancing with the Stars, and the live rounds of shows such as The Voice and American Idol), may be tape-delayed in the Mountain and Pacific time zones, thus making it impossible for viewers in those time zones to vote after performance episodes of live reality competition shows finish airing on the East Coast. The practice of tape delay is due to the potentially higher West Coast viewership during primetime hours, and also allows potentially objectionable content occurring without warning that is not allowed on broadcast television per FCC regulations (such as fleeting profanities or wardrobe malfunctions) to be edited out for broadcast in the Mountain and Pacific time zones, if they are shown live on the East Coast feed. When programs such as these air on tape-delay to other time zones, it is not uncommon for networks to display a graphic at the beginning of the broadcast stating that the program being shown is "recorded from an earlier live broadcast" or simply "recorded earlier". As well, when one of these program's graphics may include the display of the word "live" on screen, networks may add the acronyms "EST" or "EDT" (for Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Daylight Time respectively, depending on whether or not the country is on Standard or Daylight Saving Time at the time of the broadcast) as a way of advising viewers in other time zones that the "live" broadcast they are watching is actually pre-recorded, and only aired live in the Eastern Time zone (this is a common practice with tape-delayed broadcasts of American networks' morning programs). In addition, news shows that normally air tape delayed on the West Coast, especially morning programs, may preempt the previously recorded program with a live broadcast for the West Coast when breaking news warrants an update to the newscast. This additional live broadcast generally replaces the first news segments of the program, while the remaining portion of the previously recorded program is used for the rest of the broadcast.
Similarly, media coverage of New Year's Eve celebrations in New York City often leave the Central Time Zone out. Late Night with Conan O'Brien, though produced in New York, when broadcast on New Year's Eve took advantage of its later time slot (11:37 p.m. Central time) to lampoon this inconsistency by presenting a New Year's celebration for the Central Time Zone. In some locations, New Year's Eve celebrations held in New York might be repeated or delayed one hour to correspond to the Central Time Zone.[4] News channels such as CNN and sports channels such as ESPN that frequently broadcast live events offer a single feed that airs in all time zones. About 80 percent of American television viewers reside in the Central and Eastern time zones.[5]
Occasionally, networks will produce and broadcast the same live event twice in one night: broadcasting once on an East Coast feed and again on a West Coast feed three hours later. This permits more viewers to watch the broadcast live in primetime (although not all), as the show can air in its usual timeslot in all markets, but incurs the expense and difficulty of delivering two live broadcasts. In some cases, the two broadcasts may intentionally differ, prompting fans to compare notes and post scenes from each version online. While rare, the technique of multiple live broadcasts has generally been used in recent times for some special live episodes of scripted programs, such as the 30 Rock episodes "Live Show" and "Live from Studio 6H", Will & Grace's "Alive and Schticking", The West Wing's "The Debate", and ER's "Ambush".
Effects on local programming[edit]
Local stations and affiliates must schedule their local and syndicated programming around their respective network's feed. Because primetime programs on the East Coast Feed is simulcast in two time zones, it affects stations in the Central Time Zone differently from those in the Eastern Time Zone. An hour of syndicated programming time (between 7 and 8 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones) is lost in the Central and Mountain time zones since network primetime in those areas starts at 7 p.m., forcing stations in Mountain or Central time (or in parts of both zones) to choose between airing their 6 p.m. newscast and another syndicated or locally-produced program, or airing shows in 'blocks' preferred by syndicators (for example, Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! together, or Entertainment Tonight and omg! Insider).
The most common set of programming chosen by stations aligned with the Big Three television networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) is to air a newscast at 5 p.m., national news at 5:30 p.m., local news at 6 p.m., and syndicated programming at 6:30 p.m., though some Fox stations that carry a newscast schedule comparable to stations tied to the Big Three (commonly stations that were former ABC, NBC, and CBS affiliates themselves) carry a 60- or 90-minute block of news from 5-6 (or 6:30) p.m. with an additional half-hour of local news in the 5:30 p.m. timeslot since Fox does not air a national evening newscast; a few stations not affiliated with the Big Four networks, such as WGN-TV, KTLA in Los Angeles and WJXT in Jacksonville, Florida, follow a similar scheduling format with their early evening newscasts. Most Big Three affiliates in the Eastern and Pacific time zones follow this early evening newscast model as well, running a 90-minute block of news from 5-6:30 p.m., particularly if they run a network's national evening newscast at 6:30 p.m. ET/PT. Some stations, regardless of time zone, even show a newscast from 6-7 p.m., which if run on a network station in the Central or Mountain time zones would lead into primetime network programming. Some television stations (such as WKYC and WJW-TV in Cleveland, Ohio or WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island) have recently begun using the fact that primetime in the Eastern time zone begins at 8 p.m. to their advantage by carrying a newscast during the 7 p.m. hour, generally in order to attract viewers who work longer days and cannot return home to watch a 5 or 6 p.m. newscast.
Many stations that do not carry a newscast in the 6 p.m. time slot in the Central time zone (commonly independent stations and most affiliates of non-historical networks like Fox – some Fox stations air a 6 p.m. newscast, though this is not entirely commonplace – The CW and MyNetworkTV) air situation comedies or other types of syndicated programming such as reality series during that hour. Many stations in the Central Time Zone tend to air one or both parts of the syndicated block at 5 p.m. or even earlier. Another more recent dilemma of the 7 p.m. primetime start is that a combination of longer commutes and work hours than in the past have caused many people to not come home from work until after 7 p.m., cutting into the potential ratings of shows that start at this time. Of course, the reverse is also true, as simultaneous broadcasts offer viewers the chance to watch "prime time television" without having to stay awake until 11 p.m.
Local programming such as locally-produced newscasts are not typically affected as many stations air their morning newscast at 4, 4:30, 5, or 5:30 a.m., and their early evening newscasts at 5 and/or 6 p.m.; however the late evening newscast is affected due to the differences in time between time zones, meaning that if the late local news starts at 10 p.m. Central time on one network station, an affiliate of the same network in the Eastern Time Zone airs its newscast at 11 p.m.; network evening newscasts on CBS, ABC, and NBC are affected since they are usually scheduled to air at 6:30 p.m. Eastern Time (barring preemption due to network sports coverage or, at the discretion of the local station, breaking news or severe weather coverage) in order to sync up with its simultaneous broadcast in the Central Time Zone. The late night program lineups on ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox are also similarly timeshifted, as they air a half-hour later (after a newscast or syndicated programming, if the station does not run news programming) but are shifted due to the time zone differences (a bigger issue with first-run late night programs that air after 12:30 a.m. Eastern Time, since the later start time may subject these programs to a potentially decreased audience). Many Fox, CW, and MyNetworkTV affiliates and some independent stations carry a prime time newscast that is similarly affected by the timeshifting of the primetime schedule, meaning that if said late evening newscast starts at 9 p.m. Mountain time on one network station, an affiliate of the same network in the Pacific time zone would air its news at 10 p.m.
Changes for Daylight Saving Time[edit]
Time changes for daylight saving time may result in broadcast television stations and cable channels accommodating the time changes by altering their schedules to allow programs to continue to air at the same time year-round. Due to the structure of daylight saving time (which begins and ends at 2 a.m. in each time zone on the respective dates), the switch from standard time to daylight saving time on the second Sunday in March requires clocks to be advanced by one hour to 3 a.m., and the reversion to standard time on the first Sunday in November requires clocks to be moved back by one hour to 1 a.m.
During the switch from standard time to DST, television stations and cable networks will usually offset the loss of one hour by eliminating programming otherwise scheduled during the 2 a.m. hour on Saturday night/early Sunday morning. Conversely, as one hour is gained when reverting to standard time, networks may offset the time change by adding an hour of additional entertainment programming not normally scheduled on Saturday night/early Sunday morning during the rest of the year to allow certain programs to air at their regularly scheduled airtime (e.g., Disney Channel will add an hour of its original series at 1 a.m. EDT in order to allow its Saturday late night film block to air its regular 2:30 a.m. slot, after the reversion to standard time). Cable channels airing paid programming during the late night period may choose not to add entertainment shows and instead add an additional hour of infomercials (e.g., Discovery Channel usually extends its infomercial block, which normally begins at 3 a.m. ET, by one hour; similarly, E! adds one hour of infomercials in the 2 a.m. EDT slot, normally ceded to general entertainment programming, followed by one hour of entertainment programs, then a block of infomercials starting in their normal 4 a.m. EST slot).
Some areas of the U.S. do not observe daylight saving time, leading to the following changes; though in all cases, sports and other event telecasts that are broadcast live always begin an hour earlier, depending on time zone:
- Stations in Arizona (only Navajo Nation reservations observe DST) change from the live Mountain Time feed to a delay from the Eastern/Central feed when DST begins, to preserve a 7 p.m. start time. This is also the case for live syndicated radio programs such as The Rush Limbaugh Show, which air live during the winter and are delayed one hour during DST;
- Shows airing on stations in Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands during DST start at the same time as Eastern and Central Time. Otherwise, primetime is on a one hour delay. This is because affiliates there receive their programs from the ET/CT master control (a similar arrangement occurs in Bermuda, which is a British territory but is the home of two affiliates of U.S. networks);
- In Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and American Samoa, primetime shows are delayed by an additional hour.
Scheduling variations for areas located between two time zones[edit]
A handful of U.S. media markets lie on bordering time zones (Pacific/Mountain, Mountain/Central or Central/Eastern). While stations will carry a program in all counties part of the Designated Market Area, counties on either side of the market will air network programming simultaneously one hour earlier or later, depending on location:
- A number of media markets based in Eastern Time Zone cities have outlying areas in the Central Time Zone, including Atlanta and Columbus, Georgia; Louisville, Kentucky; Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee; Escanaba, Michigan; and Terre Haute, Indiana. However, since the usual primetime lineup is fed to them at the normal times for their zones, the effects are minimal in contrast to the following examples.
- Fox affiliate KECY-TV (and its ABC-affiliated subchannel), which are licensed to El Centro, California, start primetime programming at either 6 or 7 p.m. local time, depending on Daylight Saving Time status, because Yuma County in Arizona shares a media market with El Centro. All other stations in California start primetime network shows at 8 p.m.
- Satellite stations in western North Dakota, within the Mountain time zone, have 6 p.m. starts to primetime rather than the usual 7 p.m. because the primary stations are in either Bismarck or Minot in the Central time zone. These stations also serve areas in eastern Montana, which also observes the Mountain time zone.
- The four counties in western Kansas which observe Mountain Time receive prime-time programming from 6 to 9 p.m. since they are part of the Wichita DMA (the remainder of which lies within the Central Time Zone) and the stations are satellites of the main feed in Wichita.
- Viewers in Lincoln County, Montana receive primetime shows from the Spokane, Washington DMA two hours later than locations elsewhere in the Mountain Time Zone – from either 9 p.m. to 11 p.m. (or midnight) MT Monday through Saturday and 8 p.m. to 11 (or midnight) on Sunday, depending on the network.
See also[edit]
- ^ "Half an hour later in Newfoundland....?" Yes, but why?"
- ^ Based on the 2011 population estimate, 46 percent of the American population live in the Eastern time zone, 30 percent in the Central zone; 7.0 percent in the Mountain zone, and 17 percent in the Pacific zone.
- ^ "New servers, not separate feeds, will handle PBS time-zone delays (Idaho Public Television in the News)". Idahoptv.org. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
- ^ "SouthCoastToday.com — News Archive — Your link to SouthCoast Massachusetts and beyond". Archive.southcoasttoday.com. 2012-10-15. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
- ^ Lynette Rice (February 22, 2012). "Oscars exec producer: 'We need to go for comedy'". EW.com (CNN). Retrieved 2012-02-22.


text:
Mark Batterson
D.Min. '12
Pastoring an innovative church and writing books that resonate
Mark serves as lead pastor of National Community Church (www.theaterchurch.com) in Washington, DC. In 2008, the church was recognized as one of the "Most Innovative and Most Influential Churches in America" by Outreach Magazine. The vision of NCC is to meet in movie theaters at metro stops throughout the DC area. NCC also owns and operates the largest coffeehouse on Capitol Hill. Mark, and his wife Lora, moved to Washington, DC in 1994 to direct an inner-city ministry. He has served as Lead Pastor of National Community Church since 1996. Under his leadership, NCC has grown from a core group of 19 people to one church with ten services at seven locations.
He is not only a highly sought after conference speaker, but also the author of the best-selling books: In a Pit with a Lion on a Snowy Day, Wild Goose Chase, Primal: A Quest for the Lost Soul of Christianity, and Soulprint.
Mark is married to Lora and they live on Capitol Hill with their three children: Parker, Summer, and Josiah.

subset: commoncrawl


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Amazon Introduces Jet City Comics Imprint
Amazon Publishing is expanding with the introduction of a new imprint dedicated to comics and graphic novels called Jet City Comics. Jet City joins Amazon's growing roster of imprints which includes: 47North, AmazonCrossing, AmazonEncore, Montlake Romance, Thomas & Mercer, and Little A.
Jet City titles will be available through the Kindle store, as serialized comics released over multiple episodes, as standalone comics, as well as as bundled graphic novels. Print versions will be available as well through both Amazon and other comic retailers.
The first title available is called "Symposium #1." It is the first Foreworld comic from the series created by Neal Stephenson, Greg Bear, Mark Teppo, Nicole Galland,Erik Bear, Joseph Brassey and Cooper Moo. In October, the imprint will publish an original adaptation of George R.R. Martin's short story, "Meathouse Man," as well as an adaptation of Hugh Howey's science fiction novel, Wool.
- Amazon's First Generation Kindle Paperwhite Now Has Goodreads Integration
- Not Sure if You Want to Buy? Amazon's Anticipatory Shipping Will Send it Anyways
- User No Longer Able to Download Amazon's DRM-Free .Mobi Files (Updated)
- FAA Testing Commercial Drones at Six Different Locations Nationwide


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SUU Digital Library
Sun. July 24, 1898: Ther. warm & pleasant in the shade Wea. clear I went out with Robs little boys to take a walk in the hills in the forenoon and staid around the ranch the rest of the day Monday 25: Ther. warm Wea. clear I went over to the Little Meadows and cut a little more wheat. Sam and Ov. have not got back from Orderville. they are spending the 24th there,


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Jenny McCarthy coordinating items for your everyday use with pink and purple butterflies dancing across your nursery.
Product Features
- Musical mobile coordinates to other infant products.
- Fits standard cribs.
- Detailed sewing and fine fabrics used in construction.
Manufacturer #: AC5211MOB-3300
Manufacturer #: AC5211MOB-3300
Color: Purple
Gender: Girl
Gender: Girl
- Shipping dimensions 3" H x 10" W x 14" L
- Shipping weight 4 lbs
- Shipping Restrictions This item can not be shipped to: PO Boxes, APO or FPO Address, Hawaii, Alaska or anywhere outside the continental USA.
- Shipping Note Products ship in their original packaging. Please be aware that its contents will be visible to the recipient upon delivery.


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Turn photos into reminders or links with Shoots & Leaves
Shoots & Leaves is a clever app with a clever title. Odds are your iPhone's camera roll is littered with photos that are not destined for a scrapbook or worthy of being included in your next iTunes sync. If you are like me, then you snap pictures of book covers in book stores as reminders to to investigate them further for potential purchase. Or you snap a picture of an empty ink cartridge so you know which kind to buy the next time you are in Staples. Or you snap a picture of a particularly good bottle of wine … Read more


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Vortex Razor Reflex Red Dot Sight Matte
Product Family #: 2420183498
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Suggested Products
Product Information
The Vortex Razor Red Dot was built with top-tier performance and superior durability in mind. With XR fully multi-coated and ArmorTek coated glass, the Razor features crisp, clear edge to edge clarity that is built into a rugged aircraft grade aluminum body. With extra wide field of view and adjustable brightness settings, the Razor will be a top performer in any situation. The one piece chassis, this unit can stand up to the toughest abuse and is 100% waterproof. The Razor comes with a picatinny-style mount, hex adjustment tool and is covered by the Vortex VIP Unconditional Lifetime warranty.
Technical Information
Technical Information
- Style: Reflex
- Magnification: 1x
- Adjustment value @ 100 yards(clicks/in): 1.0 MOA
- Reticle color: Red
- Housing material: Aircraft grade aluminum
- Recoil resistance: N/A
- Battery Type: CR2032 3V (included)
- Length: 1.83"
- Overall Height: 1.16"
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- Weight: 1.40 oz.
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- Elevation: 170 MOA
- Windage: 114 MOA
- Warranty: VIP Unconditional Lifetime
Additional Information
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Hi there,
I'm looking all day for a sexy number approximatly 3 minutes long or longer. [text edited just to keep it PG-13 ] Very sexy, slow and sensual.
I'm searching for saxaphone, ambient, jazzy, sexy etc.. but havn't found anything that fits the sexyness.
Hi! How do you like this piece: http://audiojungle.net/item/dreaming-of-a-summer-/1428364 ? It's may be a little too relaxed… but may be it's not )
I wouldnt mind watching a nice girl stripping to this title
A Secret Wish
I don't have any sexy music but I wouldn't mind watching it LOL Good luck guys !
If a track is like, email me and I will be able to lengthen or loop Thanks!
Hi, try this: Melancholik XXX
- Sold between 10 000 and 50 000 dollars
- Exclusive Author
- Author was Featured
- Author has had an Item Featured
- Referred between 10 and 49 users
- Has been a member for 3-4 years
- Author had a Free File of the Month
sweetwaveaudio said
Hey!Here is some sexy jazz Jazz Bar and some sexy ambient music Ambient Loop 3
Hope this helps
I missed the part that you said you wanted a 3min long track… Both these tracks loop seamlessly so may still be ok.


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carl thomas has gotten a lil chubby but still cute as heck all are
The critically acclaimed revival of Horton Foote's American masterpiece, 'The Trip To Bountiful'. Taking the stage by storm, Cicely Tyson has received every major theatre award of the season for her performance as Mother Carrie Watts, a role that rivals any iconic character she has ever performed.
Latest Galleries
3 thoughts on "This Week's Hottest Instagram Pics (1/17-1/24)"
my co-worker's aunt makes $88 /hr on the internet . She has been without work for 6 months but last month her pay was $21586 just working on the internet for a few hours for more visit…here…
http://www.jobswo.com -
as Adam implied I'm taken by surprise that some people able to profit $5061 in one month on the internet . you could try here>>> TEC80.COM


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I currently employed as a senior PHP developer / Linux systems administrator at Tundra Interactive, a digitial agency in Melbourne.
firstname.lastname@example.com PGP Key
A browser extension that uncovers the technologies used on websites.
A readable news reader. Vote on articles for personalised reading.
Quite possibly the smallest MVC framework you'll ever use.
An open-source Tetris clone written in JavaScript. Created June 2009.
Free transform tool for Raphaël 2.0 elements and sets with many options.
A Bitcoin QR code generator. Uploads images to Imgur.
I'm always working on something. Almost all of it is on GitHub.
Creating a Magento module, part I (getting started) Creating a Magento module, part II (Model) Creating a Magento module, part III (Observer)
How to store passwords safely with PHP and MySQL
Please read my bio to learn more about me.


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Sign up to receive special offers from The Knot Wedding Shop.
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Already a member of TheKnot? Use your email and password to log in and update your info.
The total below is an ESTIMATE ONLY and should be used to help choose shipping methods for each package sent within the continental US and Puerto Rico. The exact charge for tax and shipping and handling will be calculated upon final checkout.
You and your spouse make a dynamic duo. With a clever play on words, our Perfect Pear line of wedding favors and accessories brings romantic whimsy to your special day. Featuring two graphic pears, these items can easily be personalized with the newlyweds' names and wedding date. Our mini chocolates and mints are tasteful additions to your spring or summer wedding. And don't forget the reception decor - we have napkins, coasters, place cards and other tabletop standouts. Practical, posh favors include letter openers, matchbooks, candle jars, candy and more. Plus, our gift boxes pair wonderfully with any small wedding present or favor.


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The Motion Sensor Trash Can Combo Pack is a convenient addition to the kitchen. No more touching gross garbage can lids! This set has a sleek modern style.
Maintain a clean kitchen and keep your hands free of germs with the 13.2 and 2.1 Gallon Motion Sensor Trash Can Combo Pack. Both of these state of the art stainless steel trash cans use a motion sensor that allows you to get rid of your trash without having to touch the lid. When in range, the lid will automatically open for trash deposits and close just seconds later!
This trash can combo pack includes one large trash can with a capacity of 13.2 gallons and one smaller can with a capacity of 2.1 gallons. Both trash cans feature the easy to use motion sensor lid. The battery life for the lids of these trash cans is approximately six months to a year. The stainless steel of these cans is finger print resistant and the bases feature non-skid material.


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Chapter 08: HEALTH RISK CONCERN OF HOUSEHOLDS VS. FOOD PROCESSORS: ESTIMATION OF HEDONIC PRICES IN FATS AND OILS
This book was originally published by Westview Press, Boulder CO, 1995.Download Info
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.Bibliographic Info
This book is provided by Regional Research Project NE-165 Private Strategies, Public Policies, and Food System Performance in its series Valuing Food Safety and Nutrition (1995) with number 25969 and published in 1995.Handle: RePEc:ags:rpspvf:25969
Contact details of provider:
Postal: Draper Hall, College of Food and Natural Resources, Amherst, MA 01003
Web page: http://www.umass.edu/ne165/
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Related research
Keywords: nutrition; fats and oils; hedonic models; households; food processors; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety;References
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- Stenger, Anne, 2000. "Experimental valuation of food safety: Application to sewage sludge," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 211-218, April.
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Social Networking for Fashion Doll Lovers
After Seven Years Apart, Barbie® is Back in the Arms of Ken®; Fans Around The World Help Them Celebrate the Most Romantic Day of The Year
NEW YORK (February 14, 2011) – Barbie® and Ken® announced today that they are officially a couple again, after shocking the world in 2004 with their unexpected decision to spend time apart. Barbie® finally "said yes" on the most romantic day of the year, making Ken® her boyfriend once again.
Barbie® and Ken® dolls' love story is one for the ages – complete with headline grabbing breakups, trendsetting styles and a love that has endured more than five decades. Always a reflection of the times, over the past month, their complex romance has played out on Facebook and Twitter with Ken® posting about his romantic gestures to prove that even though he is plastic, his love is real. Early this morning, Barbie® officially changed her status on Facebook to "in a relationship" and the couple even merged their Facebook pages (www.facebook.com/barbie).
"Barbie® and Ken® have an epic love story that has stood the test of time," said Stephanie Cota, Senior Vice President Global Marketing, Girls Brands. "As the ultimate boyfriend for every occasion, Ken® knew just what to do to win Barbie back. The iconic couple is truly made for each other and this is just the beginning of their next chapter together."
To celebrate their rekindled romance, Barbie® and Ken® dolls will appear together in a limited edition "Together Again" gift set. Ready for a romantic date in Malibu, the "Together Again" gift set features the "it" couple sporting sun-kissed tans and modern fashions inspired by their original 1959 and 1961 swimsuits. Barbie® doll is fashionable in a black and white one-piece swimsuit, sunglasses and sandals in her signature color, pink. Ken® is dressed in red board shorts and comes with a yellow towel and sandals. For a limited time only, the "Together Again" Gift Set will be available for just $5.The Barbie® and Ken® Love Story
It started in the spring of 1961. Ken® was new on the scene and love was in the air. Immediately thrust into the spotlight as America's fashionable power couple, Barbie® and Ken® have a timeless love story. Through it all, they have reflected the best (and sometimes worst) of pop culture – sporting each decades' trendiest fashions and hairstyles, plus launching careers that inspired generations of fans.
During the '70s, the couple stepped out together with the grooviest hairstyles of the decade as Quick CurlTM Barbie® doll and Superstar Ken® doll. One of their most instantly recognizable looks, Sun LovinTM Malibu Barbie® and Sun LovinTM Malibu Ken® made sun-kissed tans all the rage. Throughout the '80s, the couple continued to set trends with their big hair and flashy style as Dream DateTM Barbie® doll and Dream DateTM Ken® doll. They then concentrated on their acting and professional careers throughout the '90s, starring in 10 movies together and also tried new roles as Olympians, pilots and dancers – never losing sight of their adoration for each other.
It wasn't until the new millennium that it would all change for Ken®. On Valentine's Day 2004, after more than 43 years together, Hollywood's quintessential couple decided to spend time apart. Creating a worldwide sensation, Barbie® began dating Blaine®, an Australian surfer who charmed his way into her heart. However, proving that true love stays in your heart forever, Ken® made a play to get Barbie® back in 2006. He enlisted the help of celebrity stylist, Phillip Bloch to impress Barbie® with a "Hollywood makeover." Although Ken® scored big points with Barbie® for the effort and new look, the two dolls remained just friends.
After several low key, behind-the-scenes years, Ken® decided it was time to step out in a big way in 2010 – finding his voice in pop culture in a critically acclaimed self-portrait role in Toy Story 3, and through a social media frenzy on Facebook, Twitter and Foursquare, in addition to an all-new digital reality series, "Genuine KenTM: The Search for the Great American Boyfriend." With all of the hype, newfound fame and attention, he made sure that one pair of baby blues was watching him.
To see more about their love story and the world's reactions to their reunion, go to
© 2014 Created by Simon Farnworth.
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Academics & Majors |
The life of a college student is awesome. But it's also expensive. Every year you spend at college costs money.
If saving money is important, look for a college that fits you well and provides the support you need to finish your degree on-time.
It's okay to change majors, repeat a class to improve your grade, or take some extra classes that interest you. But it's going to cost you. Ask colleges what support they offer to help you plot a course to graduating on time.
Can't make it to the campus? This college has remote classroom options.
This college has programs to study and gain cultural experiences in countries around the world.
The teachers here are great! They care about individual students and are willing to work with you outside of class to make sure your time here is a success. …
Although Penn State Beaver is a branch campus you still receive the same quality Penn State University education. There are a great variety of courses offered on campus and with…
Graduates in 2009/2010 academic year.
Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services | Associate | Bachelor |
Business Administration and Management, General | - | 26 |
Business/Commerce, General | 5 | - |
Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs | Associate | Bachelor |
Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric | - | 4 |
Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services | Associate | Bachelor |
Information Science/Studies | - | 1 |
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Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies | 2 | 1 |
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Psychology, General | - | 18 |


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i want to make friend with you babe ..cox you seems so nice
hw are you .hope my message meet you in a good mood ............am Lawrence by name and am from Nigeria ,but i stay in UK .........am new on this site and i come across ur profile and it was so nice to me that why i drop you this little text to you .........cox i will like to know more about you cox i wish you can be my woman .........lol
baby are you there...................i wanna hear from you
Hi, Joy, I'm Trudy.Nice to meet you.Thank you for your friendship! Best wishes to you.
hello JOY hw are you doing today,hope you alright .have been waiting for you on line to hear from you ,cox you said you wanna know more about me .........as i told you am Lawrence by name and am from Nigeria ,but i stay in uk study here to have my own personal business ,am a civil engr and also a car dealer ......which the company was establish by my dad ............so am highly .....interested in you cox when i saw ur message yesterday ............i was so confuse cox you look nice ........and i think you match the kind of woman am looking for to be my future partner that why ...........i txt you waiting for ur quick response.........
Hi Joy,
Welcome to Typepals.com!
I am glad to have you here. Feel free to contact me if you might have any questions or problems.
At Typepals you can blog, discuss in our forumor contact people that match your personality type. You can find those by using the "Select a Personality Type" drop down menu on the right.
Oh, and if you like it here, don't forget to invite some friends.
Stay tuned!
© 2014 Created by Marcel Heyne using the iPersonic Personality Test.


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Distfile availability status for www/hastymail2-devel
Maintainer: firstname.lastname@example.com
Status codes:
- numeric values represent RFC 2616 status codes
- NXDOMAIN means that the hostname could not be resolved
- network timeouts result in code 500
It is possible that a failed check could work now. Status codes between 500-599 are transient errors and the status you see represents the period of time when the distfile was checked.
Ports that set DEPRECATED, FETCH_CMD, FETCH_ENV, FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS, FETCH_AFTER_ARGS, or have a do-fetch: target are simply skipped.
All the tables have clickable headers that sort the table by the clicked column.
show bad only, cvsweb, other ports from this maintainerURL | Checked | Last OK | Status |
http://www.hastymail.org/ | 2014-03-10, 17:04:10 | 200 | |
http://files.bsdroot.lv/my/FreeBSD/distfiles/hastymail2-devel/hastymail2-devel-2011.08.22.tar.gz | 2014-03-10, 21:20:52 | 2013-01-03, 00:36:44 | NXDOMAIN |


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We have no events meeting your selection criteria at the moment, but please do check back again. Other selections are available via the filters above.
To mark International Women's Day, author Joanna Walsh, creator of the #readwomen2014 campaign, explains why Marguerite Duras has been such an inspiration to her writing.
Kieran, from our St Pancras branch, identifies some of the best intelligent football writing coming out of small independent publishers.
Rachael Chadwick introduces 60 Postcards, the remarkable project that invited strangers to take part in a moving tribute to her late mother.


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Found November 12, 2012 on
NFL Trade Rumors:
Packers have placed right tackle Bryan Bulaga on Injure Reserve with a dislocated hip which will end his season, per Packers.com.
Bulaga won't need surgery on his dislocated hip. The third year tackle out of Iowa had yet to miss a snap this season for the Packers. Left guard T.J. Lang will be shifted over to right tackle with Evan Dietrich-Smith filling in at left guard. This is bad news for the Packers offensive line, as they have struggled to keep pass rushers away from Aaron Rodgers.
In a corresponding roster move, the Packers have signed linebacker Vic So'oto. In 2011, So'oto played seven games with the Packers. Before re-signing with the Packers, he played in four games with the Raiders this season.
Original Story:
Packers place right tackle Bulaga on IR
Packers place OT Bulaga on IR with hip injury
Packers place Brian Bulaga on IR
Packers place RT Bulaga on IR
Bulaga Placed on IR; So'oto Bolsters OLBs
Bulaga to Injured Reserve
Bulaga becomes fifth Packers starter on injured reserve
Packers bye week blues
O-Line One Injury From Big Trouble
NFL Forum Discussions
11 replies,
3 hours ago
1 replies,
7 hours ago
7 replies,
10 hours ago
4 replies,
15 hours ago
5 replies,
16 hours ago
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Today's Best Stuff |
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What is Yardbarker?Yardbarker is the largest network of sports blogs and pro athlete blogs on the web. This site is the hub of the Yardbarker Network, where our editors and algorithms curate the best sports content from our network and beyond. |


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MoveSeniors.com Guest Blog: Heidi Henning, Managing Director, SRES®
National Association of REALTORS®
A Seniors Real Estate Specialist® (SRES®) is a Realtor who is uniquely qualified to assist seniors and their families in housing sales and purchases. SRES® designees draw upon the expertise of a network of 50+ specialists and are familiar with local community resources and services. Their mission is to help the 50+ market navigate the maze of financial, legal and emotional issues that accompany a move.
What qualities make an SRES® different?
SRES® designees have knowledge, experience and compassion in dealing with senior issues. They can suggest housing alternatives, including ones that may allow an aging parent to remain in the home instead of selling it. An SRES® can tailor the marketing of a home to the needs of a mature client and is knowledgeable about local 50+ housing options and elder support services.
Becky George, SRES® of Chinowth & Cohen REALTORS® in Tulsa, says "I decided to obtain my SRES® accreditation because of the additional education received through the courses. The SRES® accreditation has given me the ability to offer my clients information and resources that benefit them financially and emotionally. I tell my clients knowledge is power. And, the more knowledge they have on the resources and programs available to them the better."
An SRES® also maintains a professional network that includes individuals who can help you with the various steps of the sale and move. These connections can offer assistance on making the decision to sell, preparing a home for showing, legal and tax considerations, and moving. An SRES® designee will also help you steer clear of loan schemes and scams that victimize aged 50+ borrowers.
Cindy Roberts, SRES®, also of Chinowth & Cohen, shares that "As an SRES® designated Realtor my training is very specific to include local resources for my clients including home inspectors, movers, attorneys, CPAs and other experts. Mature clients and their families need reliable business sources to facilitate the move. I've developed a network of professionals geared specifically towards those 50+ to work with my clients ensuring the selling and buying process is smooth and efficient. "
SRES® designees have all the resources and knowledge to simplify the transaction and eliminate the anxiety of selling your home. So if you're thinking of buying, selling, renting or relocating, find an SRES® in your area for specialized help with your real estate transaction at www.sres.org.


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We help individuals to communicate better about themselves - their potential and skills.
Salama is 28 years old, she was born in Lamu and she went to school here. After school she had worked as a shop keeper for one year, when she was 16 years old. One year later she got married and moved to Mombasa where she lived with her husband for 4 years.


text:
Download Preview | Edit or add effects |
by vadimko, Stock Photo 12399158
aline, antibiotic, antidote, blood, cholesterol, cure, emergency, emptiness, empty, health, healthy, heartburn, hospital, insurance, insured, knife, lab, laboratory, med, medicaid, medical, medicare, operating, operative, pharmaceutical, pharmacy, prescription, pressure, ready, room, rx, scalpel, sick, sickness, surgeon, surgery, table, tech, vaccine, virus, waiting, well, wellness
Made with love in NYC.
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2013: Ysolda, lambs and Lopi
Join us for the lambing season in Iceland with instructors Ysolda Teague and Ragga Eiríksdóttir. The tour combines the best of Reykjavík while staying at the super trendy Kex hostel and few days out of town in a cozy guest house on the enchanted Snæfellsnes peninsula. We'll meet sheep, lambs, farmers, dyers, spinners, designers and artisans. May is wonderful in Iceland, the days keep getting longer and longer and nature is getting greener by each day that passes. We're very excited to welcome Ysolda again as an instructor on a Knitting Iceland tour – she LOVES Iceland and so will you!
Sign up for the tour right away!
At a glance (note the change in dates and tour price from our previous announcement)
Dates: May 24 – 29, 2013
Accommodation: The super trendy and awesome hang out Kex hostel and Guest House Langaholt on the beautiful Snæfellsnes peninsula.
Instructors: Ysolda Teague and Ragga Eiriksdottir
Included: accommodation in shared room for 5 nights, delicious local meals (4 breakfasts, 4 lunches and 3 dinners), 12 hours of knitting classes and lectures, class materials, bus transport within Iceland, a visit to botanist/dyer Hespa, sightseeing, discount at local yarn shops… and more
Price: 2990 USD*
Book and pay for your tour before December 22nd 2012 to receive a 10% early bird discount.
Click here to access our sign up form
*Note that price does not include airfare to and from Iceland.
If you prefer, our travel agent/partner LT Travel can find you the best flight rates available.
For those who want to book their own flights we recommend checking:
www.dohop.com – search engine


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North America machine vision sales rising
The Automated Imaging Association (AIA) reported a 10 percent increase in machine vision sales for the first quarter of 2013, thanks in large part to an increase in machine vision system sales.
Total machine vision sales in North America grew ten percent year-over-year for the first quarter of 2013, according to new statistics from the Automated Imaging Association (AIA).
Sales of machine vision systems, the largest category, rose 11% year-over-year while sales of machine vision components saw an increase of four percent.
The increase in machine vision system sales resulted primarily from the resurgence of Application Specific Machine Vision (ASMV) systems, which grew 12% over last year. Smart cameras sales, which are included in machine vision systems, grew four percent.
The increase in sales of machine vision components resulted primarily from sales of cameras, the largest machine vision components market in North America, which rose by nine percent compared to first quarter 2012. Software and Imaging Boards also posted single digit growth. "We are excited about this growth in the machine vision market in North America," said Jeff Burnstein, AIA president. "Our industry has benefited from a healthy manufacturing sector so far this year, which has helped spur this growth. We are hopeful it will continue throughout the year."
Alex Shikany, AIA director of market analysis, said, "In addition to the positive news about overall growth, many industry experts are specifically optimistic about machine vision components. In a recent survey, 70% of machine vision experts believe machine vision component sales will increase in the next six months."
Automated Imaging Association (AIA)
- Edited by Control Engineering, CFE Media.
See other Control Engineering research and market information.
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Image Number: 0152-0604-1100-2224
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The Tunisian Community Center: Gateway to the Tunisian Culture in America
What: Video Presentation and Roundtable Discussion in Collaborationwith
Nazareth College/French House.
When: Thursday January 30th
at 8:00 pm
Where: Nazareth College
4245 East Avenue Rochester, NY 14618
Gafsa: Associative Participation… The Road To Success.
The second annual "Citizen Day" workshop was held at the Bibliotheque Regionale in Gafsa this past August. The event was very well attended and received extensive coverage by the Tunisian media, including "Al Watanya" and "Al-Hiwar" television channels. The workshop was also held in Mahares and in Ain Draham. (For more information, contact Olfa Hamdi: email@example.com)
Gafsa: 8/26-27/2013
Ain Draham: 8/23/2013
Mahares: 8/21/2013
-WHAT: Youth Leadership Development Workshop.
-WHERE: Bibliotheque Regionale, 2 Avenue de l'Egypte, Gafsa.
-WHEN: August 26th, 2013 starting at 9:00 am.
1.THE TUNISIAN AMERICAN DAY-2013Click here to watch the Video |
Click on the image to enjoy a video
WHAT: Program: ……Guest of Honor: Ambassador M. Chaouachi WHEN: WHERE: HOW MUCH: RESERVE YOUR SEATS [There are no tickets at the door] - You may, also, mail a Check/Money order payable to TCC: Tunisian Community Center Ibn Khaldun Award-2013 PO Box 837 Clifton Park, NY 12065-08012."RALLY FOR TUNISIA" CONFERENCEClick here to watch the VideoWhat: conference is to launch a nationwide mouvementto support the democratization process of TunisiaWhen: Saturday June 1st, 20133 PM tO 5 PMWhere: University of Texas at AustinRoom 1.104Open to the public:RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com Phone number: 518-331-8607……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Mahmoud Triki, Ph.D. |
President and Founder, South Mediterranean University
Dr. Mahmoud Triki received his BSBA from Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, his MBA from the American University, Washington D.C., the International Teachers Program (ITP) at the Harvard Business School (Boston, Mass.), and his PhD from the Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio..
Dr. Triki taught at HEC Paris for three years. He then joined the University of Tunis as a Professor. In 1977, he was appointed Dean of the Higher Institute of Management (ISG) in Tunis.
In 1981, he founded and directed the "Mission Universitaire et Scientifique de Tunisie" (MUST) in Washington D.C. to manage the "Technology Transfer Project" between Tunisia and North America. This project was jointly funded by the US Agency for International Development, the Canadian CIDA and the Tunisian Government. One thousand Tunisian engineers were trained in some of the best North American universities.
In 1993, Dr. Triki founded a consulting firm (PRO-INVEST) specialized in education and vocational training. By the year 2003, Pro-Invest became the leading Tunisian institution in its area of specialization.
At the international level, Dr. Triki conducted several training seminars on Export Promotion for the UNCTAD/GATT in a number of countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. He was a consultant to the World Bank in the area of Higher Education.
In 2002, Dr. Triki founded South Mediterranean University (SMU), the first English speaking university in the French speaking Tunisia. He is currently the President of South Mediterranean University and the Dean of the Mediterranean School of Business (MSB).
For information on MSB, please visit: www.msb-online.org
Dr. Triki is married and father of a son and two daughters.


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I'm reluctant to say it because of the horrible nature of the crime, but children have two parents for a reason: to protect them.It borders on child endangerment, in my opinion, to expect non-relatives to care for one's children. Click Here if you Like this Comment
Does NY have the death penalty? Click Here if you Like this Comment
not since 2007 #2 Click Here if you Like this Comment
#1--the vast,overwhelming majority of in-home nannies/babysitters do not kill (or hurt) the children in their care. This woman sounds like she had real problems. The family probably thought they were helping her out by letting her do housework for extra money. I guess she suffered from entitlement syndrome--sort of like union workers who want more money with no extra work. It is bizarre--no, evil--in the extreme to stab little children to death because of some perceived slight by their parents. She won't get the death penalty because it is New York, but she deserves it. Click Here if you Like this Comment 1 person like this.
Those who know this family have told us that Marina Krim was a stay-at-home mother. She hired this woman as a helper - someone to stay with a child or two while she left to take the another to a lesson or medical appointment. She did not leave the children with her all day.The woman had a pretty cushy setup. She was even flown home to the Domincan Republic when the family was to be away on vacation.The housework was undoubtedly the "extra work" that Mrs. Krim came up with to increase her wages. She also asked a friend if she'd like to have this woman babysit for her. The friend gave it a pass as she said she sensed something about her that didn't feel right.This single middle-aged woman, who spent her days taking care of another woman's children in that woman's lovely apartment, may have been a cauldron of envy and resentment. It's beginning to sound that way.I would never have hired her based upon her looks. Something about her face looked disorganized and strange to me. Click Here if you Like this Comment
Maybe it's just me, but these weirdos always seem to have crazy eyes. Manson, that Loughner guy, the guy who shot up the theatre in Colorado, this woman, et al. :shudder: Click Here if you Like this Comment
Bring back the electric chair. We will turn off our appliances so you can have extra juice for this monster. Click Here if you Like this Comment
RE: "crazy eyes" -- They are an indication the left & right brain hemispheres are not sinking, or working, properly. It is important to note that in people. It could be benign as far as danger to others, or deadly (look at the Batman movie theater killer's eyes for example). But it is a definite sign of either mental illness or a mental disorder.I read in People that the neighbors saw a sudden change in the nanny. One even said that whenever anyone commented on how cute, etc., the kids were, she was stoic. Never smiled. I do think she hated this family for what they had, but she also may have snapped (schizophrenic break) under the stress of her own problems in order to carry out murder. Click Here if you Like this Comment
I heard this morning she also killed two animals in the house. Click Here if you Like this Comment
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CARMEN only represents tenants and buyers of commercial properties, advocating exclusively in their best interest on every real estate transaction.
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Hahnemuhle Fine Art Baryta HM2236999 - high-gloss paper - 1 roll(s)
Manufacturer: Schleicher &.Schuell MicroScience GmbH Part number: 10643474
$216.99 at 1 online store
- CNET Editor rating: Not yet rated
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- FineArt Baryta 325 is a high gloss paper that sets the benchmark for high color depth, large color gamut and image definition. This paper gives the "wow" factor particularly to black and white prints with an extremely high dmax and the finest gray tones. It is a unique experience to touch and feel the ultra smooth surface. Using barium sulfate ... Read more
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| In stock | Enter zip code to get total price: Price +Tax +Shipping =Total price | as of 02/09/2014 |
*Total price for the Hahnemuhle Fine Art Baryta HM2236999 - high-gloss... are estimated and may vary slightly based on exact tax, shipping, manufacturer rebate or any sale/promotion on the merchant site.


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You are here: Scholarships → Rome Prize Fellowship in Landscape Architecture → Winners |
2013 Bradley Cantrell School: Louisiana State University Field of study: His project is titled Synthetic and Responsive Ecologies. Bradley will focus on the water infrastructure of Rome, examining its historical evolution, analyzing the present conditions, and developing future projections. |
2012 Karen M'Closkey School: University of Pennsylvania Field of study: Is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. Karen's project, titled A Field Guide to Rome: Baedeker and Beyond, will yield a supplement to the early English-language guidebooks published by Baedeker. The scholar will focus on places of extraction (quarries, aquifers) and deposition (landfills) that are reaching the end of their useful lives, yet open up new opportunities, both ecological and touristic. Project location: Rome |
2010 Fritz Haeg School: Carnegie Mellon School of Architecture Field of study: "Mr. Haeg works across a range of disciplines, well beyond the realm of achitecture. He has exhibited in museums around the world. His project is titled Roman Wilderness MMX: Urban Agriculture, Animal Architecture and Street Choreography." Project location: "Rome, Italy" |
2009 Robert Hammond School: President of the Highline Project in New York City had has served as its Exeutive Director since 1999. Field of study: His project "Along theTiber" will examine imaginative potentials for the best realistic use of the open space along the Tiber River. He will address the cross disciplinary process of beginning to plan for the vevitalization of the Tiber rivrfront. |
2008 Hope Hasbrouck School: Washington University in Saint Louis B.A. University of Virginia MARCH Harvard University MLA Field of study: Landscape Architecture Interpreting Cultural Landscape through Prospect and Passage Project location: Rome |
2007 Lisa Switkin Field of study: "Will study effects and influences of "Monument Landscapes" and their associated territory, on planning, initiatives and the growth of the development of Rome." |
2006 Richard Barnes Field of study: Project: Constructed Landscapes: Photographic research exploring meanings conjured by excavated artifacts relocated to the constructed landscape of the museum. |
2006 Willett Moss Field of study: A San Francisco landscape architect. His project is "To study conditions that bring a visceral response to aleatoric landscapes and how they can be applied to the designed landscape to bind a person to their environment. |
2004 Sarah Kuehl Field of study: "Project: "Landscape and War" - Studying how war transforms land. She will focus on fortifications and how they affect freedom of movement, public space and city form." |
2003 Joseph Ragsdale School: University of Virginia MLA University of California at Berkeley BLA Field of study: "Lecturer, Landscape Architecture Dept. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 Project title: source + surface I intersections in goelogy, extraction and tectonics." |
2003 Joel Katz Field of study: Photography |
2001 Peter Osler School: Harvard Grad School of Design MLA University of Michigan BS Field of study: Architecture |
2001 David Meyer |
1999 Laurel McSherry School: "Associate Professor/School of Planning and Architecture, College of Architectute and Environmental Design" Field of study: Project: How human communities maintain heritage in light of the contnued and inevitable rearranging of the material landscape. |
1998 Elise Brewster School: University of CA-Berkeley MLA/MFA Amherst College BA Field of study: "Project: Investigation of ancient garden sites, including the Forum and ruins of Nero's Golden House.Owner of KALLOS" |
1998 Tom Leader Field of study: "Project: Opening up the process and producton of design to our senses and imagination Partner/Peter Walker & Partners, Berkeley, CA" |
1996 James Wescoat School: University of Chicago- Geography Ph.D. University of Chicago- Geography MA Louisiana State University BLA Field of study: Landscape Architecture Project: "Use of Water in Urban Landscape" |
1995 Peter O'Shea School: University of Virginia/MLA Bates College/BA Field of study: Project: Record Public & Private use of Walls in Italian Town & Cityscape. |
1994 Gary Hilderbrand |
1994 Leslie Ryan School: Yale University Master of Environmental Design Field of study: Environmental Design Project: A holistic approach to the gardens & landscapes of Rome. |
1992 Thomas Oslund School: Harvard Grad School of Design MLA University of Minnesota BLA Field of study: Principal/Oslund & Assoc. |
1990 Julie Bargmann School: Harvard Graduate School of Design MLA Carnegie Mellon University BA in Sculpture Field of study: Building regenerative landscapes |
1990 Peter Schaudt School: Harvard Graduate School of Design MLA University of Illinois - Chicago BA Architecture |
1989 Linda Cook |
1987 Elizabeth Hermann |
1987 John Tuttle School: University of MA MLA RI School of Design BLA Field of study: Landscape Architecture Principal/The SMA Group |
1986 Joanna Dougherty |
1984 Stacy Moriarty |
1984 Chip Sullivan |
1983 Nancy Moriarty |
1982 Jack "Sullivan, FASLA" |
1982 Richard Burck |
1980 Michael Vergason School: University of Virginia MLA University of Virginia BS Field of study: Landscape Architecture |
1979 Stephen Haus School: "Rhode Island School of Design BFA Nakane Institute, Kyoto, Japan" |
1975 Leonard Torre School: LSU BLA |
1975 James Turner |
1973 Laurie Olin |
1972 Charles Rapp School: University of California at Berkeley MLA Syracuse & SUNY BLA |
1970 Peter Pollack |
1970 Albert Lamb School: University of Michigan MLA Rhode Island School of Design BLA |
1969 Paul Pawlowski School: University of Michigan MLA University of Virginia BLA Field of study: "Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban Design, Planning, Interior Architecture President/Director of Design and Planning" |
1966 Dean Johnson |
1964 Roger Martin |
1962 Don Olson |
1961 Eric Armstrong School: University of CA BS |
1957 Stephen Bochkor |
1953 Richard Bell School: NC State University BS Landscape Architecture Field of study: Landscape Architecture |
1940 Stuart Mertz |


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Cakewalk Music Creator ( v. 3 ) - complete package
Manufacturer: Cakewalk Part number: 10-CWMC3.00-10C
$49.95 at 1 online store
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- Turn your musical dreams into polished, professional recordings right from your home computer with Music Creator 3 - no previous recording experience required. With Music Creator you get the tools, instruments, and effects you need to create, record, edit, and mix your audio and MIDI projects in one integrated software solution. Creating music on your PC has never been easier, ... Read more
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Diane Lane takes the stage in Chicago play
By Caryn RousseauAssociated Press
CHICAGO – More than two decades after she last graced the stage in Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night," Academy Award-nominated actress Diane Lane is returning to the theater in a Chicago production of Tennessee Williams' "Sweet Bird of Youth."
Lane will star opposite rising Broadway actor Finn Wittrock at the Goodman Theatre, playing faded movie star Princess Kosmonopolis in the production that opens Monday and runs through Oct. 28. She will portray an older woman being used by a younger man to win back his former lover.
"I think that timing is everything in terms of the readiness for taking on a new challenge," Lane said in an interview. "A show this large and a role this demanding, certainly I've made jokes about it — mid-life crisis martyrdom or empty-nest freak out. It's sort of now or never."
Lane, 47, is best known for her star Hollywood turns in major films like "The Perfect Storm," "Unfaithful" and "Secretariat." They have earned her nominations for Oscars, Golden Globes and Screen Actors Guild awards.
But Lane said she grew up with a theatrical background, first acting in a New York production of "Medea" at age 6. And she said returning to her roots is "sort of like a bicycle."
"I crave rehearsal," she said. "I love the team sport of sharing the process rather than it being some isolated moment."
Lane went on to act in other New York productions and touring theater festivals before pursuing film and television roles. But those taped performances over the last few decades haven't included a live audience, which takes a while to get used to.
"We had a crazy lady yelling in the theater the other night," she said. "Then we have the phones going off or somebody in the front row is warm so they're fanning themselves. It's definitely got a lot of hurdles to it. To have a normal show is a gift. It's a team experience and so, thank God, we have each other and we support each other."
Though there are rumors that the show might make it to Broadway, Lane said she is only concentrating on each performance in Chicago.
"Every night is its own universe to recreate," she said. "I can't think that far ahead. I just don't know how I'm going to feel when I come out the other end of this very long train."
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Indiana Supreme Court
315 Indiana State House
200 W. Washington Street
Indianapolis, IN 46204
Court Administrator
Kevin S. Smith
Pho: 317.232.2540
Fax: 317.232.8372
Media Contact
Kathryn Dolan
Public Information Officer
Pho: 317.232.2542
Fax: 317.233.6586
Where to file...
Clerk of the Appellate Courts
200 W. Washington St.
216 State House
Indianapolis, IN 46204
The Supreme Court of Indiana has opportunities for externs to work directly with three of the five Justices of the Court. Each extern will perform a variety of tasks.
Eligibility. Externship positions are available to students who have completed the first year of law school.
Compensation. Externships are unpaid. If an extern desires internship/externship or similar education credits for their participation, they must coordinate with their law schools.
Applications. Each Justice of the Supreme Court makes his or her own decisions on selecting externs according to each Justice's own policies and procedures. Some Justices have specific application requirements, so please review the information below for each Justice. Typically, applications for externships include the following materials:
Applicants who wish to apply to an individual Justice may do so by mailing one copy of an application to:
321 Indiana State House
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317) 232.2547 (tel.)
Anticipated openings: Justice David accepts up to five externs for each of the Fall, Spring, and Summer semesters, on a rolling acceptance basis, subject to the deadlines below. Externs are selected solely on the basis of the application packet. No interviews will be scheduled.
304 Indiana State House
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317) 232.2550 (tel.)
Anticipated openings: Justice Massa accepts up to five externs for each of the Fall, Spring, and Summer semesters, on a rolling acceptance basis until space is filled. Students at IU-McKinney School of Law should apply through Professor Joel Schumm. Students at other law schools should send a cover letter, resume including law school GPA, and a short (5-10 page) writing sample in the form of a memo or brief (not an academic paper or law review note) to Justice Massa's chambers.
324 Indiana State House
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317) 232.2548 (tel.)
Anticipated openings: Two openings for externs for Summer 2014 and will accept applications through April 15, 2014.
The Indiana Supreme Court is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer and a copy of the EEOP Short Form will be provided upon request. Auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities.