text:
The role of the Department Head is to be aware of and ensure your department is in compliance with the requirements of the University regarding protection of health information, (PHI) as required by federal law. View the University's policy regarding HIPAA compliance.
Your first responsibility as a department head under HIPAA is to find out whether or not you must comply with the privacy and/or security components of HIPAA. If you do not know, contact the University's Information Security Officer to find out. Some departments have a significant amount of involvement with student, staff, faculty HIPAA-protected information; others may have very little. Regardless, it is important to know the key requirements of the law.
HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and is composed of three components:
The Privacy Rule established mandatory guidelines regarding the use and disclosure of protected health information. Many of the applications of the Privacy Rule are simply common sense while others are somewhat more complex. Also, the Privacy Rule enables the patient to control the disclosure of their PHI to certain entities.
The Security Rule focuses on requirements for covered entities to protect and safeguard the confidentiality of PHI created, maintained, and transmitted in electronic form. The purpose of the Security Rule is to adopt national standards for safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information (EPHI). Among other things, the covered entity's computer network, access to the network, and the method by which the covered entity stores and handles such information.
The University has identified a number of Health Care Components within its operations. For each Health Care Component, it has identified a Unit Privacy Officer, and a Unit Security Officer. These positions, along with Missouri State University Officers, are responsible for implementing, monitoring and reporting any violations to management.
Protected Health Information (Individually identifiable health information held or disclosed by a covered entity that can be communicated electronically, verbally, or written.)
HIPAA Privacy Training (Human Resources)
If you have any question regarding HIPAA information, please contact:


text:
You Save: $14.38
Xilisoft Audio Converter Pro for Mac is a master program which empowers Mac users to convert between audios of different formats, extract audio segments from videos/HD videos, rip CD to quality audios and make audio CD from audios as well. With this powerful audio conversion tool, you can convert between audios in a vast range of formats, including MP3, WMA, WAV, AAC, FLAC, OGG, APE, extract excellent audio segments from popular videos and High Definition videos in format of AVI, MPEG, WMV, MP4, FLV, MKV, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, AVCHD. It can also enables you to rip music CD to different audio formats and build music CD from audio and video of various formats on Mac.
Besides working as an audio converter and CD ripper and maker, Xilisoft Audio Converter Pro for Mac also owns the editing functions, like split tracks, clip audio segments, add special effects to audio files, adjust a series of parameters including volume normalize, band pass, chorus, flanger, echo and speed of the output and etc. With excellent performance, you will enjoy converting between different audios or creating music CD easily and efficiently.
- Convert between popular audio formats, including MP3, WMA, WAV, AAC, FLAC, OGG, APE on Mac
- Extract audios from videos/HD videos, including AVI, MPEG, WMV, MP4, FLV, MKV, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, AVCHD videos on Mac
- Decrypt, copy and rip audio CDs to popular audio formats on Mac
- Create customized audio CD, MP3 CD and WMA CD from popular audio formats on Mac
Video Converter Ultimate for Mac
Xilisoft Video Converter Ultimate for Mac is powerful and versatile video converter for Mac users, which can convert between almost all video formats like AVI, MPEG, WMV, DivX, MP4, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, RM, MOV, XviD, 3GP, FLV, etc.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Scope - Volume 03, Number 31 - Page 1 |
Previous | 1 of 8 | Next |
small (250x250 max)
medium (500x500 max)
large ( > 500x500)
Full Resolution
All (PDF)
This page
Loma Linda University Loma Linda, Calif. 92354 ^ T Return Requested i w. OHL. UWHXI 11159 BAN JUAN LOMA Lir£ 5A, CALIF. B IT T srt* J Unijgersity Vol. 3, No. 31 Wednesday, November 16, 1966 BULK RATE U. S. POSTAGE PAID Loma Linda, Calif. Permit No. 6 Non- profit Organization Councillor- Faculty Member Wins Seat in US Congress A University faculty member, Jerry L. Pettis, won a seat in the United States Congress from the 33rd Congressional District in California's general election on November 8. He will take office in January when the 90th congress convenes in Washington, DC. Mr. Pettis The new con gressman - elect is assistant pro fessor of legal and cultural medicine in the School of Med icine. He was formerly the vice president for public rela tions and development and cur rently is also chairman of the University Councillors, a group of advisors to the University president. He and his wife Shirley are residents of Loma Linda. They have three children: Yvonne, Peter, and Debbie. Mr. Pettis, a Republican, de feated the Democratic incum bent, Ken W. Dyal, by more than 13,000 votes. The last available tally listed 102,400 votes for Mr. Pettis and 89,068 for Mr. Dyal. San Bernardino County, strongly Democratic by registration, thus elected a Re publican to Congress for the first time in 30 years. The founder of four major businesses, Mr. Pettis served his country in World War II as a flight instructor. He was also a the Civil Air Patrol and an Air Transport Command Pilot in the Pacific Theater until the end of the war. Near the close of the election campaign, Mr. Pettis addressed a meeting in Loma Linda in which he discussed the future of private medicine in the United States. The program was sponsored by the Student American Medical Association and the University. Mr. Pettis is believed to be the first member of the Sev enth- day Adventist Church ever elected to the United States Congress. University Hospital Receives 3- Year Accreditation The Board of Commissioners of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals has approved the recommendation that Loma Linda University Hospital receive accreditation for three years, according to Clarence A. Miller, hospital ad ministrator. This recommendation is based on the evaluation of the hos pital survey conducted last August by Dr. Theodore J. Hughes, field representative of the commission. Although the commission reserves the right to conduct more frequent ex aminations, accreditation is granted for a maximum period of three years on the basis of a single survey. Data Manager Details Change Added Computer Power Posits Ed. Note: James E. Yoder is manager of the University Data Processing Center, located in the University Arts building on Taylor Street. In this interview, he describes some computer- induced changes in the offing. Mr. Yoder, what major tasks are planned for the additional computer capacity being pro vided the Data Processing Cen ter this December? We serve three main over lapping areas hospital, busi ness offices, and administration. Each of these will benefit many ways because of this integrated, central information processing system. Could we take a few specific cases? It will cut through a consider able bundle of Medicare follow-up red tape. The whole hospital accounting system is being re written to fit Medicare anyway. This new system will be pro grammed using the COBOL computer language one of the four accepted by the IBM 360/ 30 being installed in the first stage. Follow- up information on any patient will be compiled electronically. Research grants have to be handled in the same format. The business offices are con verting to a new payroll system also. All will be advantaged with Continued on page 4 Microwave Links Campus, UCLA Computer Programs The first inter- facility computer programs made possible by a newly expanded Sci entific Computation Facility capability will be transmitted to Los Angeles next week via Western Union Telegraph Company microwave. According to Ivan R. Neilsen, PhD, professor of physiology and coordinator of the facility, the new setup gives direct access to the IBM 360/ 75 at the University of California at Los Angeles. It is the most powerful computer currently built by International Business Machines. Technicians have been work ing on the hookup since the arrival here of an IBM tele processing unit last month. The actual microwave trans mitter is located at Norton Air Force Base in San Bernardino, with wire lines between the University and the base. In formation submitted to the computer for analysis will now be processed either locally or in Los Angeles, depending on the particular project and the scheduling of computer time. Operating at Capacity The IBM 1620/ 1311 computer system installed at Loma Linda University in 1964 is now operating at capacity on an essentially around - the - clock schedule, Dr. Neilsen states. The link with the extremely fas. 360/ 75 is expected to pro vide much needed aid as the computational load continues to increase. Support for the 360/ 75 and the University data- link is be ing provided by the National Institutes of Health, not only as an aid to biomedical re search, but also to provide ex perience in the use of comput ing power on a regional basis. Dr. Neilsen points out that access to the 360/ 75 will not only provide computing and in formation processing power for the biomedical research com munity but will also make avail able large data stores and pro gram libraries. " The biomedical statistical library is certainly one of the most extensive statistical pro gram libraries in existence, and is being continually expanded Dentistry Students Win Clinic Contest A first prize award was won by Loma Linda University stu dents in the National Table Clinic Competition at the American Dental Association in Dallas, Texas, Monday, accord ing to Charles T. Smith, DDS, dean of the School of Dentistry. The prize winning table was prepared by Gary G. Gregory, SD' 68, and Raymond D. Raw-son, SD' 68. The table clinic also won first prize at the March Alumni- Student Convention in Loma Linda. IN THE DATA PROCESSING CENTER James Yoder inspects the accounts payable checks written automatically by the 1443 printer. Robert W. Neumann, computer operator ( left), is stationed at the console, and Betty L. Kinman, programmer, is by a 1311 disc drive. INTERESTED IN CIVIL, SERVICE? Students desiring to enter Federal service may obtain explanatory folders supplied by the US Civil Service Commission from the Placement Office in Burden Hall. " Preparing for the Federal Service Entrance Examination" as well as descriptions of summer employment op portunities in government service, 1967, are avail able. m- RESEARCH ASSISTANT Takashi Yogi checks the performance of the newly installed IBM 1978 remote terminal unit with an oscilloscope. The unit sends key- punched card information to UCLA by the Western Union Telegraph Company micro wave transmission system. and updated," he explains. " Programs in this extensive library will be immediately available to us in the computer files of the 360/ 75." Communication with the new 360/ 75 will be conducted pri marily in the Fortran " lan guage." This language is now familiar to many computer users on the Loma Linda cam pus. New classes in Fortran are offered by the Scientific Computation Facility staff from time to time. Other Languages A second language called COBOL ( COmmon Business Oriented Language) is also available for users whose prob lems are more conveniently de scribed in a language of this kind. Other languages such as PL/ 1 will become available in the future. The Health Sciences Comput ing Facility at UCLA is under the direction of Wilford J. Dix-on, PhD. Jere E. Chrispens serves as director of program ming and operations at the Sci entific Computation Facility here. Placement Research Fellowship Award Of $ 1,200 Available A $ 1,200 fellowship award for personnel research in the fields of college recruitment and placement was announced today by Carl Sundin, campus place ment director. The. Vera Christie Graduate Fellowship, sponsored annually by the" Western College Place ment Association for graduate students in member colleges and universities, or qualified faculty members, has been established to encourage re search in the philosophy, stan dards, practices, and objectives of recruitment and placement. Persons interested in apply ing for the fellowship may ob tain full details from Carl Sun-din, whose offices are located in Burden Hall. The award carries no restrictions on holding other fellowships, assistantships, or other employment. Final date for application is December 7, 1966. Unaware Dentistry Freshmen Play to Closed Circuit TV Freshmen in the School of Dentistry exchanged nervous glances as they wrote their first " restorative" test this year. It was an exceedingly difficult test, and scattered throughout were queer questions such as " What is Dr. Baum noted for besides eye wash cups for narrow- minded peo- ____________________ pie?" With stern faces, Lloyd Baum, DMD, professor of restorative dentistry, and Melvin R. Lund, DMD, professor of restorative dentistry and chairman of the department, patrolled the aisles. The apprehension increased when a student in their midst, Nolan J. Nelson, became very disgruntled, and asked in audi ble tones, " What idiot made up this test?" He then accused the-, student beside him of cheating. " Did such a good school as this allow dishonesty?" This prompted a lecture from Dr. Baum on the evils of cheating. After more rumblings of dis content, Mr. Nelson ripped his paper in two and stormed from the room, paying no attention to the threats of consequences from the teachers. But at last the freshmen learned that the senior class was laughing hilariously as they watched the whole event on closed circuit television. Mr. Nelson, also a member of that class, had played his part well. The freshman dental student initiation had come to its rib-tickling end.
Object Description
Rating | |
Dbase record # | Scope1966-v03-31 |
Title | Scope - Volume 03, Number 31 |
Description | Scope - Volume 03, Number 31; November 16, 1966 |
Date Created | November 16, 1966 |
Digital format | |
Publisher | Loma Linda University |
Language | English |
Rights | Physical rights are retained by the institution. Copyright is retained in accordance with U. S. Copyright laws. |
Collection | Scope |
Collection # | Scope1966-v03-31 |
Date publ to db | 2008-05-29 |
OCLC number | 639084483 |
Post a Comment for Scope - Volume 03, Number 31 - Page 1


text:
Issue Overview
MicroScope - May 2013IT security continues to be a vibrant market presenting the channel with lots of potential choices of technology to pitch as well as a wide customer base to aim for. But the key to opening the door is to come to the user with a solution and a consultative approach that will help them achieve their business aims. Access >>>
Access TechTarget
Premium Content for Free.
What's Inside
The squeezed middle in the IT jobs market
by Billy MacInnes
There has been a lot of talk about the squeezed middle over the past couple of years and as Billy MacInnes finds it is also an issue in the IT jobs world
The squeezed middle in the IT jobs market
by Billy MacInnes
More Premium Content Accessible For Free
MicroScope: February 2014
An issue highlighting the opportunities in managed print services, the storage market and investigating the impact of Scottish independence.
MicroScope: January 2014
A fresh year brings new opportunities and this could be the time many in the channel consider setting out on the journey to become an MSP or ...
MicroScope: December 2013
The last issue of the year reveals just how 2013 was for the channel and predicts what will come in the year ahead.


text:
SearchWallpaper.org have selected a list of the Best 31 Lionel Messi Photos. Download Lionel Messi Photos in wide range of 31 High resolutions For Your PC, Laptop, Tablet and Other Smart Phone Device.
No comments yet.
Name (Required)
Mail (will not be published) (Required)
Complete the form below, and we'll send you an e-mail every now and again with all latest news.


text:
Have a Question?
Test your Mining Mayhem 2: Rise of The Gem Master knowlege! | |
Can you answer these questions about the game Mining Mayhem 2: Rise of The Gem Master? If you have a question and you are having trouble finding it then just post it here. You do not need to login to post it or even to answer. |
We need Your feedback! | |
Is Mining Mayhem 2: Rise of The Gem Master any good? Would you recommend it to a friend? What do you like? What so you NOT like?
Cheat Mode | 100% | ||||||||||||
Description: To activate the specified cheat function, enter the following cheat codes.
| |||||||||||||
Was this: (-)Bogus or (+)Helpful |


text:
The city of Boaz's plans for a new aquatic center are one step closer to reality.
The city council is expected to vote to purchase a half acre of land adjoining the old outlet malls.
If approved, that will complete the purchase of the 23.5 acre tract being considered for the sports complex.
Mayor Tim Walker said a vote to construct the aquatics center could come in the next few weeks.
Copyright 2013 WAFF. All rights reserved.


text:
The photographers at Catch A Candid are serious about providing the best value possible to our clients. We bring a range of expertise and experience covering the technical and creative side of the business. We emphasize candid photography, but also coordinate your guests for the orchestrated photographs.
Publish Date October 13, 2012
Dimensions Standard Portrait 156 pgs Premium Paper, lustre finish
Category Portfolios
Published June 07, 2012
Published September 20, 2011
Published June 15, 2011
Published May 17, 2011
Published March 30, 2011
Published November 18, 2010
Published October 31, 2010
Published July 28, 2010


text:
The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the "Aryan race", and based on a specific racist doctrine which claimed scientific legitimacy. It was combined with a eugenics programme that aimed for racial hygiene by using compulsory sterilizations and extermination of the Untermenschen (or "sub-humans"), and which eventually culminated in the Holocaust. These policies targeted peoples, in particular Jews, as well as Gypsies, homosexuals and handicapped people, ethnic Poles,[1] Russians[2][page needed] who were labeled as "inferior" in a racial hierarchy that placed the Herrenvolk (or "master race") of the Volksgemeinschaft (or "national community") at the top, and ranked Russians, Romani, Serbs, Poles, persons of color and Jews at the bottom.[2][3][4][5]
Basis of Nazi policies and constitution of the Aryan Master Race[edit]
The Aryan Master Race conceived by the Nazis graded humans on a scale of pure Aryan to non-Aryan (who were viewed as subhumans).[6] At the top of the scale of pure Aryans included Germans and other Germanic peoples including the Dutch, Scandinavians, and the English,[6] because they carried a suitable composition of Germanic blood.[7]
The feeling that Germans were the Aryan Herrenvolk (Aryan master race) was widely spread among the German public through Nazi propaganda and among Nazi officials throughout the ranks, in particular when Reichskommissar Ukraine Erich Koch said:
We are a master race, which must remember that the lowliest German worker is racially and biologically a thousand times more valuable than the population here.
— Erich Koch, March 5th 1943, [8]
The Nazis considered Slavs to be non-Aryan "untermenschen"; Croats, Czechs, Poles, Russians, Serbs, Ukrainians who were classified as "subhumans". In countries where these people lived, there were according to Nazis a small groups of non-Slavic German descendants. These people then underwent a "racial selection" process to determine whether or not they were "racially valuable", if the individual passed they would be re-Germanised and were then forcefully taken from their families in order to be raised as Germans.[9][10][11] However, Nazi policy towards Slavs during World War II aimed at enslavement and extermination of most of Slavic people, although certain minority groups were accepted to serve in its armed forces within occupied territories, in spite of them being considered subhuman, as a pragmatic means to resolve military manpower shortages.[11] At the bottom of the racial scale of non-Aryans were Jews, Slavs Romani, and blacks.[12] The Nazis later made an exception to the policy of viewing Croats as Slavs upon the prompting of Croatian Ustaše leader Ante Pavelić of the Axis puppet state in Croatia, who claimed that Croats were primarily the descendents of the Goths and thus had stronger Germanic roots than Slavic roots.[13] The Nazis originally sought to rid the German state of Jews and Romani by means of emigration, while blacks were to be segregated and eventually exterminated through compulsory sterilization.[12]
Volkisch theorists believed that Germany's Teutonic ancestors had spread out from Germany throughout Europe.[14] Of the German tribes that spread through Europe, the theorists identified that: the Burgundians, Franks, and Western Goths joined with the Gauls to make France; the Lombards moved south and joined with the Italians; the Jutes made Denmark; the Angles and Saxons made England; the Flemings made Belgium; and other tribes made the Netherlands.[14]
Racial policies regarding the Jews, 1933-1940[edit]
Between 1933 and 1934, Nazi policy was fairly moderate, not wishing to scare off voters or moderately minded politicians (although the eugenics program was established as early as July 1933).[15] On August 25, 1933, the Nazis even signed the Haavara Agreement with Zionists to allow German Jews to emigrate to Palestine—by 1939, 60,000 German Jews had emigrated there. The Nazi Party used populist anti-semitic views to gain votes. Using the "stab-in-the-back legend", they blamed poverty, the Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic, unemployment, and the loss of World War I by the "November Criminals" all on the Jews, Marxists and 'cultural Bolsheviks'. German woes were attributed to the effects of the Treaty of Versailles. In 1933, persecution of the Jews became active Nazi policy. This was at first hindered by the lack of agreement on who qualified as a Jew as opposed to an Aryan, which caused legislators to balk at an anti-Semitic law for its ill-defined terms.[15] Bernhard Lösener described it "total chaos", with local authorities regarding anything from full Jewish background to 1⁄8 Jewish blood defining a Jew; Achim Gercke urged 1⁄16 Jewish blood.[16] Mischlinge were especially problematic in their eyes.[17] The first anti-Semitic law was promologated with no clear definition of Jew.[18] Finally, the decision was made for three or four Jewish grandparents; two or one rendered a person a Mischlinge.[19] It only became worse with the years, culminating in the Holocaust, or so-called "Final Solution", which was made official at the January 1942 Wannsee Conference.
On April 1, 1933, the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses was observed throughout Germany. Only six days later, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was passed, banning Jews from government jobs. It is notable that the proponents of this law, and the several thousand more that were to follow, most frequently explained them as necessary to prevent the infiltration of damaging, "alien-type" (Artfremd) hereditary traits into the German national or racial community (Volksgemeinschaft).[20] These laws meant that Jews were now indirectly and directly dissuaded or banned from privileged and superior positions reserved for "Aryan Germans". From then on, Jews were forced to work at more menial positions, becoming second-class citizens or to the point they were "illegally residing" in Nazi Germany.
The Nuremberg Laws[edit]
Between 1935 and 1936, persecution of the Jews increased apace while the process of "Gleichschaltung" (lit.: "standardisation", the process by which the Nazis achieved complete control over German society) was implemented. In May 1935, Jews were forbidden to join the Wehrmacht (the armed forces), and in the summer of the same year, anti-semitic propaganda appeared in shops and restaurants. The Nuremberg Laws were passed around the time of the great Nazi rallies at Nuremberg; on September 15, 1935, the "Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor" was passed, at first this only prevented sexual relations and marriage between Germans and Jews, but later the law was extended to "Gypsies, Negroes and their bastard offspring", it became punishable by law as Rassenschande or racial pollution.[21][22] After, the "Reich Citizenship Law" was passed and was reinforced in November by a decree, only people of "German or related blood" could be a citizen of the Reich and excluded all others which meant that all Jews, even quarter- and half-Jews, and other non-Aryans were stripped of their citizenship and their official title being "subjects of the state". This meant that they were deprived of basic citizens' rights, e.g., the right to vote. This removal of citizens' rights was instrumental in the process of anti-semitic persecution: the process of denaturalization allowed the Nazis to exclude—de jure—Jewish people from the "Volksgemeinschaft" ("national community"), thus granting judicial legitimacy to their persecution and opening the way to harsher laws and, eventually, extermination of the Jews. Philosopher Hannah Arendt pointed out this important judicial aspect of the Holocaust in The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951), where she demonstrated that to violate human rights, Nazi Germany first deprived human beings of their citizenship. Arendt underlined that in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, citizens' rights actually preceded human rights, as the latter needed the protection of a determinate state to be actually respected.
The drafting of the Nuremberg Laws has often been attributed to Hans Globke. Globke had studied British attempts to "order" its empire by creating hierarchical social orders, for example in the organization of "martial races" in India.
In 1936, Jews were banned from all professional jobs, effectively preventing them from having any influence in education, politics, higher education, and industry. There was now nothing to stop the anti-Jewish actions that spread across the German economy.
Between 1937 and 1938, new laws were implemented, and the segregation of Jews from the "German Aryan" population was completed. In particular, Jews were punished financially for being Jewish.
On March 1, 1938, government contracts could not be awarded to Jewish businesses. On September 30, "Aryan" doctors could only treat "Aryan" patients. Provision of medical care to Jews was already hampered by the fact that Jews were banned from being doctors.
On August 17, Jews with first names of non-Jewish origin had to add "Israel" (males) or "Sara" (females) to their names, and a large letter "J" was to be printed on their passports on October 5. On November 15, Jewish children were banned from going to state-run schools. By April 1939, nearly all Jewish companies had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had been persuaded to sell out to the government, further reducing their rights as human beings; they were, in many ways, effectively separated from the German populace.
The increasingly totalitarian regime that Hitler imposed on Germany allowed him to control the actions of the military. On November 7, 1938, a young Polish Jew named Herschel Grynszpan attacked and shot German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in the Nazi-German embassy in Paris. Grynszpan's family, together with more than 12,000 Polish-born Jews, had been expelled by the Nazi government from Germany to Poland during the so-called "Polenaktion" on October 28, 1938. Joseph Goebbels ordered retaliation. On the night of November 9, the SS and SA conducted "the Night of Broken Glass" ("Kristallnacht"), in which at least 91 Jews were killed and a further 30,000 arrested and incarcerated in Nazi concentration camps. After the start of the war, and the conquest of numerous European countries, the Jewish population was put into ghettos, from which they were shipped to death camps where they were killed.
Jewish responses to the Nuremberg Laws[edit]
After the promulgation of the Nuremberg Laws, the Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden (Representation of the German Jews) announced the following:
The Laws decided upon by the Reichstag in Nuremberg have come as the heaviest of blows for the Jews in Germany. But they must create a basis on which a tolerable relationship becomes possible between the German and the Jewish people. The "Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden" is willing to contribute to this end with all its powers. A precondition for such a tolerable relationship is the hope that the Jews and Jewish communities of Germany will be enabled to keep a moral and economic means of existence by the halting of defamation and boycott.
The organization of the life of the Jews in Germany requires governmental recognition of an autonomous Jewish leadership. The Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland is the agency competent to undertake this.
The most urgent tasks for the "Reichsvertretung", which it will press energetically and with full commitment, following the avenues it has previously taken, are:
Our own Jewish educational system must serve to prepare the youth to be upright Jews, secure in their faith, who will draw the strength to face the onerous demands which life will make on them from conscious solidarity with the Jewish community, from work for the Jewish present and faith in the Jewish future. In addition to transmitting knowledge, the Jewish schools must also serve in the systematic preparation for future occupations. With regard to preparation for emigration, particularly to Palestine, emphasis will be placed on guidance toward manual work and the study of the Hebrew language. The education and vocational training of girls must be directed to preparing them to carry out their responsibilities as upholders of the family and mothers of the next generation.
Other "non-Aryans"[edit]
Though the laws were primarily directed against Jews,[23] other "non-Aryan" people were subject to the laws, and to other legislation concerned with racial hygiene. The definition of "Aryan" was never fully defined as the term was too imprecise and ambiguous, it was attempted to be clarified over time in a number of judicial and executive decisions. Jews were by definition non-Aryan, because of their Semitic origins, and the same was eventually applied to majority of Slavic nationalities who were considered "subhumans". The Nazis considered a small percentage of people who the Nazis deemed in Eastern Europe to be descendants of ethnic German settlers and who underwent Germanised to be accepted as part of the Aryan Herrenvolk (Aryan master race). Outside of Europe in North Africa, according to Alfred Rosenberg's racial theories (The Myth of the Twentieth Century), some of the Berbers, particularly the Kabyles, were to be classified as Aryans.[24] The Nazis portrayed Swedes, the Afrikaaners who are white European descendants of Dutch-speaking Boers in South Africa and higher-degree Northern/Western Europeans of South America (mainly from Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina) as ideal "Aryans" along with the German-speaking peoples of Greater Germany and Switzerland (the country was neutral during the war). In Asia, only the Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian populations of British India, Iran, and Afghanistan were considered Aryan, although this did not affect the decision to target the Roma, who are of Indian origin because they were said to pose a threat to the Aryan race because of their racial mingling.[25]
The number of black people in Germany when the Nazis came to power is variously estimated at 5,000 - 25,000.[26][27] According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., "The fate of black people from 1933 to 1945 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder. However, there was no systematic program for their elimination as there was for Jews and other groups."[27]
Prior to Hitler coming to power, black entertainers were popular in Germany, but the Nazis banned Jazz as 'corrupt negro music'.[27] Mixed marriage and interracial sex became illegal, some blacks were used in medical experiments, and others mysteriously disappeared.[27] However, contrary to popular myth,[27] black American sprinter Jesse Owens', who won four gold medals beating Aryan athletes at the 1936 Berlin Olympic games, faced less segregation there than in the USA, and felt snubbed by Roosevelt rather than by Hitler (see Jesse Owens#Berlin Olympics).
The July 1933 Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring—written by Ernst Rüdin and other theorists of "racial hygiene"—established "Genetic Health Courts" which decided on compulsory sterilization of "any person suffering from a hereditary disease." These included, for the Nazis, those suffering from "Congenital Mental Deficiency", schizophrenia, "Manic-Depressive Insanity", "Hereditary Epilepsy", "Hereditary Chorea" (Huntington's), Hereditary Blindness, Hereditary Deafness, "any severe hereditary deformity", as well as "any person suffering from severe alcoholism".[28] Further modifications of the law enforced sterilization of the "Rhineland bastards" (children of mixed German and African parentage).
German Mulattoes[edit]
In Mein Kampf, Hitler described children resulting from marriages to African occupation soldiers as a contamination of the white race "by Negro blood on the Rhine in the heart of Europe."[29] He thought that "Jews were responsible for bringing Negroes into the Rhineland, with the ultimate idea of bastardizing the white race which they hate and thus lowering its cultural and political level so that the Jew might dominate."[30] He also implied that this was a plot on the part of the French, since the population of France was being increasingly "negrified".[31][27] Mixed marriage and interracial sex became illegal.[27]
Of particular concern to the Nazi scientist Eugen Fischer were the "Rhineland Bastards": mixed-race offspring of Senegalese soldiers who had been stationed in the Rhineland as part of the French army of occupation. He believed that these people should be sterilized in order to protect the racial purity of the German population. At least 400 mixed-race children were forcibly sterilized in the Rhineland by 1938. This order only applied in the Rhineland. Other African Germans were unaffected. Despite this policy, there was never any systematic attempt to eliminate the black population in Germany, though some blacks were used in medical experiments, and others mysteriously disappeared.[27]
According to Susan Samples, the Nazis went to great lengths to conceal their sterilization and abortion program in the Rhineland.[32] Hans Massaquoi describes his experience as a half-African in Hamburg, unaware of the Rhineland sterilizations until long after the war.[33] Samples also points to the paradoxical fact that African-Germans actually had a better chance of surviving the war than the average German. They were excluded from military activity because of their non-Aryan status, but were not considered a threat and so were unlikely to be incarcerated. Samples and Massaquoi also note that African-Germans were not subjected to the segregation they would have experienced in the United States, nor excluded from facilities such as expensive hotels. However, both she and Massaquoi state that downed black American pilots were more likely to become victims of violence and murder from German citizens than were white pilots.[27]
Other groups[edit]
About 10,000 Japanese nationals (mostly diplomats and military officials) residing in Germany were given "Honorary Aryan" citizenship with more privileges than any other "non-Aryan" ethnonational group. In Norway, the Nazis favored marriages between Germans and Norwegians, in an attempt to spawn a new "Aryan" generation of Nordics. Around 10,000-12,000 war children (Krigsbarn) were born from these unions during the war. Some of them were separated from their mothers and cared for in so-called "Lebensborn" clinics ("Fountain of Life" clinics).[34][35]
Policies regarding Poles and Russians[edit]
Nazi ideology viewed Poles and Russians as an inferior group of non-Aryan "subhumans", suitable for enslavement, expulsion and extermination.[1][2] Generalplan Ost (GPO) was a secret Nazi plan to realize Hitler's "new order of ethnographical relations" in the territories occupied by Germany in Eastern Europe during World War II. It was prepared in 1941 and confirmed in 1942. The plan was part of Hitler's own Lebensraum (living space) plan and a fulfillment of the Drang nach Osten ("Drive towards the East") state ideology.[36]
The final version of Generalplan Ost, essentially a grand plan for ethnic cleansing, was divided into two parts; the Kleine Planung ("Small Plan"), which covered actions which were to be taken during the war, and the Grosse Planung ("Big Plan"), which covered actions to be undertaken after the war was won (to be carried into effect gradually over a period of 25–30 years). The Small Plan was to be put into practice as the Germans conquered the areas to the east of their pre-war borders. The individual stages of this plan would then be worked out in greater detail. In this way, the plan for Poland was drawn up at the end of November 1939. The plan envisaged removal of majority of the population of conquered counties with very small differing percentages of the various conquered nations undergoing Germanisation, expulsion into the depths of Russia, and other fates, the net effect of which would be to ensure that the conquered territories would be Germanized.[36] Himmler declared during the Germanization process that no drop of German blood would be lost or left behind to mingle with any "alien races".[37] The Wehrbauer ("soldier-peasants") would settle in a fortified line to prevent civilization arising beyond and threatening Germany.[38]
Himmler in the Kharkow speech April 1943 expressed the position and situation of the war:
The decision, therefore, lies here in the East; here must the Russian enemy, this people numbering two hundred million Russians, be destroyed on the battle field and person by person, and made to bleed to death .[39]
Civilian deaths totaled 15.9 million which included 1.5 million from military actions; 7.1 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 1.8 million deported to Germany for forced labor; and 5.5 million famine and disease deaths. Additional famine deaths which totaled 1 million during 1946-47 are not included here. The official Polish government report of war losses prepared in 1947 reported 6,028,000 war victims out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic Poles and Jews; this report excluded ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian losses.
Germanization between 1939 and 1945[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2010) |
Nazi policy stressed the superiority of the Nordic race, a sub-section of the white European population defined by the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body models of racial difference.[40] From 1940 the Nazis in General Government(occupied Poland) divided the population into different groups.[41] Each group had different rights, food rations, allowed strips in the cities, separated residential areas, special schooling systems, public transportation and restricted restaurants. Later adapted in all Nazi-occupied countries by 1942, the Germanization program used the racial caste system of reserving certain rights to one group and barred privileges to another. Ethnic Poles were believed by Hitler to be "biologically inferior race" that could never be educated or elevated through Germanization[42] During the occupation of Poland, the Nazis kept an eye out for children with Nordic racial characteristics, those among them found to be classified as "racially valuable" were sent from here to the German Reich for adoption and to be raised as Germans, those who failed the tests would be used as slaves or murdered in medical experiments.[43]
Nordicist anthropometrics was used to "improve" the racial make-up of the Germanised section of the population, by absorbing individuals into the German population who were deemed suitably Nordic.[44]
Germanization also affected the Sorbs, the minority Slav community living in Saxony and Brandenburg, whose Slavic culture and language was suppressed to absorb them into German identity. Tens of thousands suffered internment and imprisonment as well, to become lesser-known victims of Nazi racial laws.
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics against Human Dignity, by André Mineau, (Rodopi, 2004) page 180
- ^ a b c The Czechs under Nazi rule: the failure of national resistance, 1939-1942, Vojtěch Mastný, Columbia University Press
- ^ The making of the slavs: history and archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, (Cambridge University Press, 2001) page 9, 26-30 By Florin Curta
- ^ Jerry Bergman, "Eugenics and the Development of Nazi Race Policy", Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith PSCF 44 (June 1992):109-124
- ^ Götz Aly, Peter Chroust, Christian Pross, Cleansing the fatherland: Nazi medicine and racial hygiene, The Johns Hopkins University Press, (August 1, 1994 :) ISBN 0-8018-4824-5
- ^ a b Norman Davies. Europe at War 1939-1945: No Simple Victory. Pp. 167.
- ^ Norman Davies. Europe at War 1939-1945: No Simple Victory. Pp. 44.
- ^ The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. William Shirer. p. 939. ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3.
- ^ Joseph W. Bendersky (11 July 2013). A Concise History of Nazi Germany. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-4422-2270-0.
- ^ Robert Gellately, Nathan Stoltzfus (2001). Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-691-08684-2.
- ^ a b Norman Davies. Europe at War 1939-1945: No Simple Victory. Pp. 167, 209.
- ^ a b Simone Gigliotti, Berel Lang. The Holocaust: a reader. Malden, Massachusetts, USA; Oxford, England, UK; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Pp. 14.
- ^ Rich, Norman (1974). Hitler's War Aims: the Establishment of the New Order, p. 276-7. W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York.
- ^ a b George Victor. Hitler: The Pathology of Evil. Washington, DC, USA: Potomac Books, Inc, 2007. Pp. 117.
- ^ a b Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience, p 170 ISBN 0-674-01172-4
- ^ Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience, p 171 ISBN 0-674-01172-4
- ^ Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience, p 174 ISBN 0-674-01172-4
- ^ Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience, p 184 ISBN 0-674-01172-4
- ^ Claudia Koonz, The Nazi Conscience, p 187 ISBN 0-674-01172-4
- ^ Eric Ehrenreich, The Nazi Ancestral Proof, 2007, pp.1, 165-167
- ^ S. H. Milton (2001). ""Gypsies" as social outsiders in Nazi Germany". In Robert Gellately and Nathan Stoltzfus. Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press. pp. 216, 231. ISBN 9780691086842.
- ^ Michael Burleigh (7 November 1991). The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-521-39802-2.
- ^ The Concept "Jew" in Nazi German "Race" Legislation
- ^ (a)"The Berbers, among whom even today one finds light skins and blue eyes, do not go back to the Vandal invasions of the fifth century A.D., but to the prehistoric Atlantic Nordic human wave. The Kabyle huntsmen, for example, are to no small degree still wholly Nordic (thus the blond Berbers in the region of Constantine form 10 % of the population; at Djebel Sheshor they are even more numerous).", Alfred Rosenberg, The Myth of the Twentieth Century, 1930; (b) "Among the Berbers, particularly the Kabyles in the Riff and in the Aures range, a Nordic strain shows itself clearly", Hans F.K. Günther, The racial elements of European History, 1927
- ^ "Gypsies in the Holocaust".
- ^ [1] Anne Frank Guide, Black people in Nazi Germany
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "The forgotten black victims of Nazi Germany". Voice Online. GV Media Group Ltd. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- ^ The law for the prevention of hereditarily diseased offspring. (Approved translation of the "Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses"). Enacted on July 14th, 1933. Published by Reichsausschuss für Volksgesundheitsdienst. (Berlin: Reichsdruckerei, 1935). (Official translation of the law into English)
- ^ Mein Kampf, volume 1, chapter XIII.
- ^ Mein Kampf, volume 1, chapter XI.
- ^ Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, Vol. II, chapter XIII
- ^ Samples, S., "African Germans in the Third Reich", The African German Experience, Carol Aisha Blackshire-Belay ed.
- ^ Massaquoi, Hans J., Destined to Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany, Harper Perennial, 2001. He mistakenly states that they were later murdered in the Holocaust, p.2
- ^ BBC, 4 February 2003, Norway's Nazi legacy (English)
- ^ Le Figaro, 8 March 2007, Les enfants des nazis traînent la Norvège devant les tribunaux (Children of Nazis bring Norway before the Courts) (French)
- ^ a b "HITLER'S PLANS FOR EASTERN EUROPE"
- ^ Richard Overy, The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia, p 543 ISBN 0-393-02030-4
- ^ Robert Cecil, The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology p190 ISBN 0-396-06577-5
- ^ Speech of the Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler at Kharkow April 1943
- ^ Christopher Hutton (2 December 2005). Race and the Third Reich: Linguistics, Racial Anthropology and Genetics in the Dialectic of Volk. Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-3177-6.
- ^ Richard Overy, The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia, p543 ISBN 0-393-02030-4
- ^ Hitler's Ethic By Richard Weikart page 73
- ^ Stackelberg, Roderick; Winkle, Sally A. (15 April 2013). The Nazi Germany Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts. Routledge ISBN = 978-1-134-59693-5. p. 271.
- ^ Hitler's plans for the East
Further reading[edit]
- Aly, Gotz, Susanne Heim. Architects of Annihilation: Auschwitz and the Logic of Destruction, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2002, 514pp, ISBN 978-0-297-84278-1
- Bauer, Yehuda. A History Of The Holocaust, New York: F. Watts, 1982 ISBN 0-531-09862-1.
- Browning, Christopher. The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, 616pp, ISBN 0-8032-1327-1
- Burleigh, Michael & Wippermann, Wolfgang. The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991 ISBN 0-521-39114-8.
- Ehrenreich, Eric. The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science, and the Final Solution. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-253-34945-3
- Friedländer, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews Volume 1 The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939, New York : HarperCollins, 1997 ISBN 0-06-019042-6
- Kühl, Stefan. The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism, Oxford University Press, 2002 ISBN 0-19-514978-5
- Peukert, Detlev. Inside Nazi Germany: conformity, opposition and racism in everyday life London: Batsford, 1987 ISBN 0-7134-5217-X.
- Weindling, Paul. Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945. Cambridge University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-521-42397-X
External links[edit]
- Nazi Racial Laws in English translation
- Nazi Racial Laws in the German original
- Images of a 1938 German "J" Jewish passport from www.passportland.com


text:
Magnets are one of the most common corporate promotional gifts because, literally, you can stick them almost anywhere. They are easy to attach to each year's phone book, drop them at the laudry mat, even slap them on the side of the appliances when you're walking through Home Depot. Who knows how long they'll stay there before someone picks them up; if it's an employee, they'll forever remember your business.
Some corporate promotional gifts that are distributed are items that people use everyday such as calendars or post-its. Little note pads and ink pens are always really great as well. Often times, during the holidays, a business will send a tree ornament with their holiday card which is engraved with their business name. Some corporate promotional gifts are the type that the company will give to its own employees. Especially during the holiday season, some companies go out of their way to show their employees that they appreciate what they do; this will often translate in to a holiday gift. These can range from coolers to beach towels, water bottles to tshirts. If you can think it up, it is likely that someone will be able to put your companies name on the side of it.
Lanscaping and roofing companies work hard all summer, but because their work ends when the snow falls, they have to advertise hard too. As you drive through any town during the warmer months, you will see signs in front of houses that are being worked on, and when they finish the job, they will usually leave the owners of the home with lots of things to remind them of what company was responsible for such a great job. These items can include travel mugs, can coozies, bleacher seats; the list in endless.
Other examples of corporate promotional gifts include keychains, golf balls, baseball caps, laptop bags, clipboards; you can get just about anything with your name on it. What matters the most is making sure that your clients are happy, not with the gifts, but with your service. When you are sure that they are satisfied, go ahead and give them that pen. The next time they need to jot a note, it will be your corporate promotional gifts they're reaching for. Go Back to Section Category Listing