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Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament - A strategic european framework for international science and technology cooperation
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[pic] | COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES |
Brussels, 24.9.2008
COM(2008) 588 final
This Communication presents a strategic European framework for international cooperation in science and technology (S&T). It also covers the specific aspects of such cooperation in information and communication technologies (ICT).
By strengthening its research effort and facilitating the use of new technologies, Europe can respond more effectively and efficiently to the major challenges society is facing today. Deepening the European Research Area (ERA) through greater integration and cross-border coordination of research investments and activities will increase Europe's competitiveness and its attractiveness as a place to invest in research and innovation. Promoting European ICTs worldwide as a key driver of socio-economic growth will also contribute to the Growth and Jobs agenda[1]. Deepening the ERA should go hand in hand with widening it, through enhanced cooperation with international partners.
Key strategic goal for international cooperation in science and technology and universal access to ICTs
Globalisation is accelerating, and this has an impact on the way we produce, share and use knowledge. Major global challenges such as climate change, poverty, infectious disease, threats to energy, food and water supply, security of the citizen, networks security and the digital divide highlight the need for effective global S&T cooperation to promote sustainable development.
The 7th Research Framework Programme (FP7) reflects this need by being open to third country participation and by including several new instruments to encourage international cooperation. However, FP7 represents only a small proportion of all research in Europe; most research investment is by the Member States. Only by strengthening the partnership between the Member States and the European Community (EC) can European international S&T cooperation contribute effectively to stability, security and prosperity in the world[2]. Better cooperation is equally needed for promoting European policy goals and European technologies worldwide. This Communication sets out a European framework for international cooperation in S&T to underpin the strategy which is based on a new long-term partnership between the Member States and the EC. It also proposes ways to improve cooperation instruments with strategic partners. The main objective is to contribute to global sustainable development and to foster Europe's S&T excellence, which is increasingly a basis for economic competitiveness at a time where EU companies are ever more facing competition from emerging economies.
This proposed European framework consists of a number of core principles and orientations for action. Actions under this framework will strengthen European public and private players in the way they interact with their partners and competitors elsewhere in the world. The proposed framework will contribute to the free circulation of knowledge – 'the EU's fifth freedom' — at global level, to raising the S&T profile of Europe worldwide and to disseminating European ICT know-how in the world. It will put the European Research Area on the global map, an Area open to the world and boost Europe's competitiveness in the global economy.
Actions under the framework will:
- strengthen the coordination of Member States' and EC actions aimed at reinforcing strategic S&T cooperation and Information Society dialogues with partners worldwide;
- create additional synergies between public authorities, industry and civil society to make EU action in these policy fields more efficient;
- facilitate access to knowledge, resources and markets worldwide;
- have a positive influence on the global science and technology agenda by pooling of resources to achieve critical mass and by underlining democratic values in the global information society, in particular freedom of expression and the right to access information[3];
- improve framework conditions under which international research is conducted and promote the European model of convergence to reinforce the effectiveness of information society policies;
- make it easier for Europe's researchers and universities to work with the best scientists and research infrastructures in the world;
- strengthen the global position of the European industry in electronic communications and other advanced technologies.
This Communication responds to the Council Conclusions of February 2008, and is one of the five Commission initiatives following public debates on the future of the ERA[4] and on globalisation of the Information Society[5]. It also follows-up the conclusions of the 2005 World Summit on information society (WSIS)[6] " .
Widening the ERA and making it more open to the world
Excellence in research stems from competition between researchers and from getting the best to compete and cooperate with each other.
A crucial way to achieve this is for public authorities, research funding agencies, public and private research institutes and universities to work together across borders. Such cooperation lies at the very foundation of the ERA. In an increasingly global science arena, the boundaries of the ERA should be widened to include our neighbours, and cooperation with key international partners should be encouraged and facilitated.
Ensuring coherence of policies and complementarity of programmes
Research is not carried out in a vacuum. It contributes, to and is influenced by, a broader societal agenda.
Europe's international S&T strategy should underpin the EU's main policy objectives, such as combating climate change, bridging the digital divide, securing sustainability of energy supplies, biodiversity and ecosystems, and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Greater coherence between research activities and other policies and funding instruments will strengthen the impact and influence of S&T on these policies.
Fostering strategic S&T cooperation with key third countries
Europe cannot cooperate with all countries on all topics.
Choices of research topics and third country partners have to be made. A critical mass of resources in support of these choices has to be guaranteed. Cooperation with scientifically advanced partners will differ in nature from that with countries which are developing their science base; but both types of cooperation are needed. An effective international cooperation strategy requires a long-term commitment by the EC and Member States and a new approach to jointly defining priority research areas for cooperation with key third countries.
The ERA being built by Member and Associated States illustrates the potential of close cooperation between countries. Where groups of countries in a geographical region (e.g. ASEAN, African Union) wish to engage in S&T cooperation with the EC, and where critical mass in S&T can be best achieved to address key global challenges, a bi-regional approach should be favoured.
In advanced technology areas, such as ICTs, geographical and sectorial research priorities for cooperation should be inspired by joint inputs from industry, academia and research institutes, for example coming from the Strategic Research Agendas (SRA) of European Technology Platforms, the Information Society dialogues, and from other bilateral and regional contacts. This would facilitate by inclusion of third country partners from the early stages in the research pursued.
Special attention will be required to overcoming divergent standards between countries, as these are often an obstacle to spreading information and communication technologies and can hamper interconnection and interoperability.
Developing the attractiveness of Europe as a research partner
To maintain research excellence and develop linkages between researchers and institutions in Europe and worldwide, Europe must be a favoured partner for research. To achieve this, we need adequate competitive and institutional research funding, world-class infrastructures, enhanced mobility for researchers in and out of Europe and appropriate IPR rules.
International S&T cooperation activities have grown in importance in successive Framework Programmes, and the creation of the European Research Council has strengthened Europe's reputation for high-quality frontier research. The work of the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) has attracted global interest and expressions of willingness by international partners to work together.
An open ERA is the best way to make European S&T more attractive globally. Ultimately the success of the ERA depends on the availability of highly qualified researchers to underpin the development of a competitive, knowledge-based economy. Researchers trained both in Europe and third countries, or linked through networks, will become ambassadors for international cooperation.
Launching results-oriented partnerships on information society regulation
A first step will be to make ongoing policy dialogues more results-oriented by early identification of priorities for regulatory cooperation and joint research. Where appropriate these dialogues should be extended to the convergence of the telecom and media sectors. Business dialogues (e.g. Business Round Tables) and consumer dialogues should also be results-oriented.
Priorities for regulatory co-operation will include promoting the establishment of independent and effective regulatory authorities, the non-discriminatory allocation of scarce resources, publicly available licensing criteria and transparent award procedures, non-discriminatory and cost-orientated interconnection, and the use of open technologies. Monitoring on non-tariff barriers and regulatory hurdles faced by EU players on third markets should be stepped-up.
The European Community and Member States working together
By working together, Member States and the EC will achieve much more, both within the EU and worldwide. This is true for policy areas like the environment or energy, and it is also true for research and for information society policies.
Working together will increase the attractiveness of Europe's research and foster better conditions for investment and acquisitions in key markets. Better coordination also responds to the interest of many partners worldwide to learn from our regulatory approach on issues such as convergence. At the same time pooling our efforts will provide Europe with better economic intelligence on key countries / regions in the research and information society sectors.
Member States and the EC need to define together their priority areas for research with third countries in order to draw most benefit from coordinated initiatives and actions.
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project shows, on a large scale, what can be achieved when there is the political will to work together internationally and to pool resources. But on a smaller scale, there are many examples of the great impact of coordinated European research agendas and joint funding, such as the European Initiative for Agricultural Research for Development.
A more coherent use of Member State and EC resources for international S&T cooperation will help to gather the critical mass needed to provide an effective response to policy challenges that are increasingly global.
A strengthened partnership between the EC and European intergovernmental initiatives (such as EUREKA and COST) and research organisations, notably EIROforum[7] and its individual members, can also make a significant contribution towards this aim.
A well coordinated and effectively communicated international S&T strategy will enable Europe to develop a 'single voice' on key global challenges and will help the EU to participate more effectively in agenda setting in international fora such as the OECD, and in particular those with a UN focus such as UNESCO, WHO, and the ITU.
Developing a close and long-term partnership between Member States and with the EC, underpinned by the principles outlined above, is essential if the ERA is to achieve its full international potential.
Sharing objectives, formulating and implementing common European research agendas and positions vis-à-vis third countries and in international fora, engaging in joint activities and pooling efforts and resources will be essential for the success of this partnership.
This process creates flows towards and away from Europe. It attracts researchers from all over the world, whilst also improving Europe's technology potential on the markets worldwide, as for example in ICTs.
To achieve maximum results the following proposals need to be put into effect at both EC and Member State levels, and in close cooperation with third countries. An appropriate institutional setting is needed to move this process forward.
2.1. Strengthening the international dimension of the ERA
- Integrating Europe's neighbours into the ERA
Association to FP7 is the most intensive form of cooperation at Community level. The opportunity for European Neighbourhood Partner Countries to participate in certain EC policies and programmes, including FP7, is an important aspect of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)[8].
Virtually all Western Balkan countries are now associated to FP7. Association is also open to the EU's southern and eastern neighbours. Widening the geographical scope of the ERA to include ENP partner countries will make an important contribution to the EU's policy goals towards these countries, in particular building sustainable economic prosperity. The association process will unfold gradually, on a case by case basis, taking into account endogenous S&T capacities, present and potential levels of cooperation, and the mutual interests of the EC and the ENP partner countries. ENP countries also deserve particular attention in fostering international cooperation on ICTs, both because of their eagerness to adopt EU patterns, and because some of them represent significant markets for EU technology companies.
In order to promote closer scientific ties with these countries and to prepare association to te FP7, S&T capacity building initiatives and research cooperation will be undertaken by the EC through the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instruments and targeted FP7 activities (e.g. Specific International Cooperation Actions).
Policy dialogue with these countries is important. EC bilateral S&T agreements with a number of them (such as Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Ukraine) are a good setting for dialogue. In addition, bilateral policy dialogues on S&T will be launched with countries which signal a specific interest to become associated to FP7 but which have not concluded a bilateral S&T agreement with the EC.
The recently launched FP7 INCO-Net projects support regional platforms for S&T policy dialogue and priority setting at bi-regional level; they involve Member States and ENP partner countries in identifying future research priorities and coordinated actions.
Russia, as a neighbouring country with significant S&T capacities, is already an important partner and has made it clear that it sees the EU as its long-term priority in S&T cooperation. EU-Russia S&T cooperation could be enhanced through an FP association agreement, as recognised by both sides at the EU-Russia Permanent Partnership Council on Research in May 2008. This would contribute to the implementation of the EU-Russia Common Space of Research and Education, including Cultural Aspects. The perspective of a possible association to the FP should however be seen in the wider context of EU-Russia relations and the new EU-Russia Agreement for which negotiations were launched at the EU Russia Summit in June 2008.
Member States and the Commission to:
- Ensure coordinated and/or complementary implementation of S&T priorities identified in the various policy dialogues with ENP partner countries, in order to facilitate a possible association to FP7.
- Enhance regional dialogues on Information Society issues.
- Promote European regulatory principles by developing better synergies with European regulators.
The European Commission to:
- Establish policy dialogues with interested ENP partner countries that have no EC bilateral S&T agreement, with a view to their possible association to FP7.
- Accelerate the spreading of best practices and the alignment of policies in ENP countries by gradually opening to them the ICT Policy Support Programme (PSP) in the framework of the Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP).
- Fostering strategic cooperation with key third countries through geographic and thematic targeting
Member States and the EC are involved in a myriad of research cooperation activities with third countries. The absence of a common strategy on a European level has led to duplication in this cooperation, with a resulting waste of resources and a reduced impact[9].
Where there is common interest and mutual benefit, where excellent human S&T resources and capacity can be identified, and where a collective response to international commitments is needed, a more coordinated approach would benefit Europe and third country partner(s). The EC and Member States should therefore define together strategic priorities for S&T cooperation with key third countries and pursue these priorities in a coherent way.
With industrialised and major emerging economies, priorities for coordinated S&T cooperation should focus on areas of mutual interest requiring broad international efforts to address global S&T and societal challenges. Since the international S&T arena remains an area of strong competition between EU Member States and third countries, a healthy balance between cooperation and competition has to be found. In this respect priority should go to developing joint infrastructures, frontier and pre-competitive research, and research leading to common or compatible standards that facilitate market access. Particularly in ICT, research co-operation will address the issue of divergent standards which are often an obstacle to spreading technologies and hamper interconnection and interoperability. Research cooperation should also focus on areas that are beneficial for the competitiveness of EU companies while avoiding these benefits being undermined, for instance due to the lack of intellectual property protection.
For developing countries , research cooperation should be aligned with development cooperation policies and the Millennium Development Goals[10]. Certain research areas are particularly pertinent, such as developing sustainable supplies of clean water, food and energy, combating infectious diseases, tackling the impact of climate change, reducing the digital divide, and reducing threats to biodiversity and ecosystems on land and sea. In addition to collaborative S&T projects, international cooperation with developing countries must include S&T capacity building (e.g. infrastructure, human resources, research policy, networks of researchers and research institutes) This will enable researchers in these countries to contribute to the solution of local, regional and global problems and to economic and social development. Enhanced research capacity will also encourage researchers to compete internationally in terms of scientific excellence and increase their incentives to continue to base their research activities in developing countries.
In the case of Africa, the focus for a concerted EC and Member States effort will be on the implementation of the Joint Africa-EU Strategic Partnership agreed at the Lisbon Summit in 2007.[11] The specific Africa-EU partnership on " Science, Information Society, and Space " is based on the recognition that science, technology and innovation are essential to eradicating poverty, combating disease and malnutrition, stopping environmental degradation and building sustainable agriculture and economic growth in Africa. Bridging the scientific and digital divide is essential to finding African-led responses to these challenges.
Capacity building typically falls within the remit of development policy and funding, which is why coherence and complementarity of S&T instruments with other instruments and programmes for external action and assistance must be strengthened at both Community[12] and Member State levels. Where third countries agree, the targeted use of such instruments and programmes for building S&T capacities should be encouraged. Complementarity with other funding bodies, including the International Financial Institutions, and global research initiatives (e.g. Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research) must also be sought. A pre-requisite is to raise the awareness of policy stakeholders in developing countries of the importance of S&T for a better quality of life. Special attention should be paid to promoting and facilitating gender equality and the role of private sector investment in S&T in developing countries.
Strategic research priorities will need to be implemented in a coherent and coordinated way by Member States and the EC. At present individual Member States use bilateral agreements and national programmes for cooperation with third countries. Likewise, the EC fosters strategic cooperation with key third countries, particularly within EC bilateral S&T agreements[13]. These agreements have been reinforced under FP7 with specific instruments to assist their implementation and to support a targeted approach (e.g. the Specific International Cooperation Actions, and coordinated calls). Sharing information on future initiatives under these agreements makes for closer coordination between the EC and the Member States.
A bi-regional approach towards country groupings (e.g. ASEAN, African Union) would have advantages over continually increasing the number of EC bilateral S&T agreements. But such bi-regional S&T dialogue cannot be effective without a regional structure capable of ensuring coordination with and within the country grouping, and which can play a significant role in S&T priority setting and research funding. In the long term such policy dialogue could lead to bi-regional S&T agreements. The current FP7 INCO-Net projects prepare the ground for such bi-regional platforms and herald a new approach to the involvement of Member States and third countries in identifying future S&T priority areas.
Where fully-fledged EC bilateral or bi-regional S&T agreements are not justified, the EC will ensure that the specific S&T components of any Partnership and Cooperation Agreements which are concluded between the EC and its Member States with third countries are strengthened.
Member States and the Commission to:
- Identify together and agree on S&T cooperation priorities with key third country partners where cooperation brings a clear added value for Europe in addressing key global challenges and engage in joint initiatives. This should be done where possible in accordance with the approach put forward in the Commission Communication "Towards joint programming in research: working together to tackle common challenges more effectively" [14] and in the i2010 action plan[15] as regards ICT and media policies;
- Share the experience gained and initiatives foreseen under bilateral S&T agreements and promote an efficient network of EC and Member State science, ICT and media counsellors in the EC Delegations and Member States' embassies in third countries;
- Ensure that international S&T and development policies are consistent, and that funding mechanisms at EC level (both FP funds and instruments for external action and assistance) and at Member State level complement one another;
- Strengthen EU and African Union cooperation on S&T through the implementation of the Joint EU-Africa Strategic Partnership and Action Plan, particularly the 8th Partnership on Science, Information Society and Space; this will require both EC and Member States' resources and the active involvement of the African Union Commission, Regional Economic Communities and relevant public and private stakeholders.
The European Commission to:
- Keep the different FP7 instruments under review to ensure that their full potential for fostering strategic cooperation with key third countries is realised;
- Intensify S&T including ICT cooperation at the level of regional country groupings (e.g. ASEAN, African Union), develop policy dialogue with appropriate regional structures and negotiate bi-regional S&T agreements where appropriate;
- Encourage third countries to incorporate S&T capacity building, including the gender equality aspect, and the use of ICT in their National or Regional Indicative Programmes for EC external assistance funds and cooperation programmes.
- Continue providing technical assistance on information society policies to third countries, drawing from the experience of such assistance programmes and geographically targeted projects, such as the @LIS for Latin America; EUMEDIS for the Euro-Mediterranean area, and EU-Asia IT&C for Asia.
2.2. Improving the framework conditions for international S&T cooperation
- Tackling scientific challenges through global research infrastructures
One essential area of science that has a global dimension and lends itself particularly well to international cooperation is the joint development of and access to research infrastructures. Many S&T disciplines require considerable investment in infrastructure if major scientific advances are to be made.
There are good examples of Member States, the EC, intergovernmental research organisations and third countries working effectively together to develop research infrastructures (e.g. GEOSS, GEANT). GEANT, a high-capacity and high-speed communications network interconnecting the European National Research and Education Networks, initially connected research networks in industrialised countries (North America and Japan). It now has new links to China, India, Latin America, South East Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and the Balkans. This extension serve the research and education communities in the different regions of the world and has enabled platforms of cooperation in many fields across these regions and with Europe. These initiatives will be further extended in time, geographical coverage and scope over the coming years.
However, a more structured approach to jointly developing global research infrastructures, including e-infrastructures is needed. In Europe, ESFRI[16] has taken the first steps in this direction by establishing a European Roadmap for new research infrastructures which are already global by nature or have the potential to become so.
At the international level discussions continue on global research infrastructure projects that require international cooperation in order to be achieved in different disciplines and research areas (e.g. LIFEWATCH on biodiversity, the Integrated Carbon Observation System, and the Square Kilometre Global Radio Astronomy Array).
In the ICT sector the EC is promoting, with the USA, Australia and Japan, a global research agenda in trustworthy infrastructures, including sharing of knowledge and best research practices for improving the resilience of present and future global networks and infrastructures.
Member States and the Commission to:
- Promote international cooperation in large-scale research infrastructures to facilitate cost sharing where appropriate;
- Explore new ways to reduce the digital divide in developing countries, including public private partnerships.
- Participate in the ad-hoc group of senior officials, composed of representatives of G8 members as well as individual countries, and build on the work of existing fora, such as the OECD Global Science Forum, to continue the dialogue in this field.
- Intensify cooperation on the global research agenda infrastructures in the ICT sector in the period 2009-10 including efforts to coordinate research and other policies.
- Include security and trust issues as priority in every current and future Information Society dialogue with third countries and regions.
- Mobility of researchers and global networking
Mobility of researchers is an essential feature of international S&T cooperation, and competition for the best brains is intense. In this context it is crucial that European researchers who work in a third country remain part of the ERA, being a valuable resource at home as well as abroad. Similarly, researchers who come to Europe from emerging economies or developing countries must be enabled to contribute to their own countries' development. Such connectivity, through networking, or 'return' grants, will make brain circulation a reality. Furthermore the possibility of establishing joint physical or virtual research laboratories between the EU and third countries should be promoted.
Action is being taken[17] to ensure that researchers working in the EU enjoy excellent training, attractive careers and no barriers to their mobility. The People Programme of FP7 offers multiple opportunities for the mobility of researchers between Europe and the rest of the world. The full implementation of the 'Scientific Visa Package'[18] by all Member States will facilitate entry into Europe for researchers from third countries. However, more can and should be done.
Member States and the Commission to:
- Continue — in close cooperation with third countries — to develop networks for European researchers working abroad, and for non-European researchers in Europe.
Member States to:
- Transpose the 'Scientific Visa Package' (including the EC Recommendation on short-term visas for researchers) into their national legislations and ensure smooth administrative procedures for visa approval;
- Increase specific funding mechanisms and/or re-integration grants for European researchers returning to Europe and third countries' researchers returning to their home countries
The Commission to:
Optimise existing EC instruments for international mobility, including the FP7 People Programme.
- More open research programmes
EC bilateral S&T agreements are based on the principles of equitable partnership, common ownership, mutual advantage, shared objectives and reciprocity. While these principles have not always been fully implemented, reciprocal access to research programmes and funds should be pursued to enhance the mutual benefit of international S&T cooperation.
FP7 is open to third country partners. Funding is normally limited to participants from international cooperation partner countries[19]. However, since open competition promotes excellence in research, funding for collaborative projects could be extended to include research organisations and researchers located in industrialised third countries where reciprocal funding is made available for European researchers.
Member States are developing funding schemes to facilitate international cooperation; some are starting to open these schemes to allow funding for R&D work done abroad. Member States should increase their efforts to launch cooperative research initiatives with third countries on well defined areas of research and to gradually open their respective schemes (including funding) in specified areas to countries prepared to provide reciprocal access.
Member States and the Commission to:
- Intensify the use of FP7 coordination instruments (e.g. ERA-NET schemes) to provide incentives to link up EC and national resources for cooperation with third countries.
Member States to:
- Work towards a step-by-step opening of national research programmes in well defined research areas with key third countries on a reciprocal basis; they should design and implement joint initiatives and programmes with third countries where reciprocal conditions in the partner countries' programmes exist or can be developed.
T he Commission to:
- Translate — within the context of the EC bilateral S&T agreements — the reciprocity principle into mutual access to public research programmes and cooperation opportunities in third countries. As a consequence, it should progressively introduce funding for scientists from industrialised third countries in calls under FP7, subject to reciprocal conditions in the partner countries' research programmes.
- Intellectual Property Issues
Good management of intellectual property (IP) issues is an important requirement for successful and durable international S&T cooperation, promoting trust and the sharing and exploitation of knowledge in cooperative research activities.
It must be based on shared principles and practices, ensuring reciprocity, equitable treatment and mutual benefits. The EU and third countries should apply appropriate rules and treat each other's legal entities similarly. IP principles and practices will continue to be promoted through bilateral S&T cooperation agreements and adequate access of Least Developed Countries (LDC) to the results of research will be facilitated.
- Member States and the Commission to:
- Promote globally, including through bilateral EC and Member State international S&T cooperation agreements, the principles set out in the Recommendation and associated Code of Practice on the management of IP[20]. They should further develop these to guarantee fair and mutually beneficial conditions for all parties, whilst taking account of LDC needs.
- Pre-standardization
Particular attention in ICT research co-operation will be given to the issue of divergent standards as they are often an obstacle to spreading technologies and hamper interconnection and interoperability.
The Commission to:
- Promote strengthening of the link between results of research programmes and standardization, put more emphasis on international pre-competitive industrial research collaboration and pay more attention to pre-standardization cooperation based on open standards.
As set out in this Communication, the EC and the Member States will need to strengthen their strategic S&T cooperation with key partners worldwide. This can best be achieved by building a strong partnership between the Member States and the EC. At present there is no dedicated institutional setting to propel and guide such a partnership.
It is therefore essential that:
- Member States, the Council and the Commission commit themselves to the proposed strategic European framework for international S&T cooperation, including the partnership for action, outlined in this Communication;
- the Council identifies the appropriate institutional settings for ensuring the effective implementation of the strategic European framework for international S&T cooperation, taking into account the specific characteristics of Information society policies;
- the Council oversees and monitors progress of the further opening of the ERA to the world and, if necessary, considers further steps to ensure the effective implementation of the proposed actions.
- the European Parliament lends its support to a coherent framework for international S&T cooperation and continues to follow-up, in close cooperation with the Commission, discussions on global issues, notably in fora such as the Internet Governance Forum.
[1] The EU accounts for over 15% of world trade in ICT goods and services. ICT goods account also for a substantial share of total trade between the EU and its economic partners. They represent 10.2% of all extra-EU exports of goods and 14.4% of all imports
[2] The European Research Area: New Perspectives (COM(2007)161 of 4/04/2007
[3] In its Communication of 27.4.2006 - "Towards a Global Partnership in the Information Society", the Commission called upon industry to develop codes of conduct on the misuse of ICT for restricting freedom of expression. So far this call for action has not been followed-up.
[4] SEC(2008)430 of 2/04/2008
[5] A public consultation on EU Strategy for International Co-operation on ICT was launched between 18 June and 1 October 2007.
[6] In its Resolution on the Information Society (2004/2204) the Parliament "calls the Union and Member States to view the WSIS as a spur for cooperation in traditional areas of geographical or historical proximity (…) and for new cooperation with more remote emerging countries". In its Resolution on the Internet Governance Forum (B6-/2008), the Parliament "calls on the concerned EU Institutions to take the Tunis Agenda into consideration in their legislative work.
[7] EIROforum includes the: European Organisation for Nuclear Research, European Fusion Development Agreement, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Space Agency, European Southern Observatory, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institut Laue-Langevin .
[8] COM (2006) 724 final of 4/12/2006, Council of the European Union, 10657/07 of 18/06/2007
[9] CREST Report 1207/07 of 13/12/2007
[10] SEC (2008) 434, Council of the EU 9907/08 of 27/05/2008
[11] ec.europa.eu/development/eu-africa-summit-2007
[12] These are: the Instrument for Pre-Accession (IPA), the European Development Fund (EDF), the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI)
[13] www.ec.europa.eu/research/inco
[14] COM(2008) 468 final of 15/7/2008
[15] COM(2005) 229 final of 1/6/2005
[16] European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures, http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/home.html
[17] COM 317 final of 23/5/2008
[18] Council Directive O.J. L 289/15 of 3/11/2005 (2005/71/EC), Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 September 2005 (2005/761/EC) O.J. L 289/23 of 3/11/2005
[19] Regulation (EC) 1906/2006 of 18/12/2006
[20] C(2008)1329 of 10/04/ 2008
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- 02-02-2013, 09:27 PM Thread Author #1
Anyone here ever change housing color?
I was on a website that offered replacement housing in a variety of different colors and was wondering if anyone here has ever actually done this? Its 200.00 for the entire housing set , is it worth buying?
Sent from my SCH-I535 using Android Central Forums - 02-03-2013, 09:19 AM #2
- 02-03-2013, 11:20 PM Thread Author #3
- 02-04-2013, 05:09 PM Thread Author #5
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Direct and Indirect Gene Regulation by a Life-Extending FOXO Protein in C. elegans: Roles for GATA Factors and Lipid Gene Regulators
Direct and Indirect Gene Regulation by a Life-Extending FOXO Protein in C. elegans: Roles for GATA Factors and Lipid Gene Regulators
Cell Metabolism, Volume 17, Issue 1,
Pages 85-100,
Publication Date 8 January 2013
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.013
Peichuan Zhang
Meredith Judy
Seung-Jae Lee
Cynthia Kenyon
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Mission Bay Genentech Hall, 600 16th Street, Room S312D, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
Corresponding author
Present address: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
Present address: Division of Molecular and Life Sciences/I-BIO/WCU ITCE, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
► DAF-16 regulates genes both cell autonomously and cell nonautonomously ► DAF-16 can act at in the endoderm to delay muscle aging ► DAF-16 can act at a distance to protect animals from amyloid paralysis ► Cell-non-autonomous gene regulation by DAF-16 involves the lipid-gene regulator MDT-15
In long-lived C. elegans insulin/IGF-1 pathway mutants, the life-extending FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 is present throughout the animal, but we find that its activity in a single tissue can delay the aging of other tissues and extend the animal's life span. To better understand the topography of DAF-16 action among the tissues, we analyzed a collection of DAF-16-regulated genes. DAF-16 regulated most of these genes in a cell-autonomous fashion, often using tissue-specific GATA factors to direct their expression to specific tissues. DAF-16 could also act cell nonautonomously to influence gene expression. DAF-16 affected gene expression in other cells, at least in part, via the lipid-gene regulator MDT-15. DAF-16, and probably MDT-15, could act cell nonautonomously in the endoderm to ameliorate the paralysis caused by expressing Alzheimer's Aβ protein in muscles. These findings suggest that MDT-15-dependent intercellular signals, possibly lipid signals, can help to coordinate tissue physiology, enhance proteostasis, and extend life in response to DAF-16/FOXO activity.


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An editorial in the Herald on Saturday incorrectly identified the two founders of the Herald. They were both named Samuel Williams.MORE IN Local & StateRutland officials are looking at regulating taxi businesses in the city. Full StorySen. Patrick Leahy on Friday released the names of Vermont officials who will testify before the U. Full Story
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Luxembourg sees uptick in applications under AIFMDLuxembourg has seen a significant uptick in applications and approvals under alternative investment fund regulations in the past two weeks. Read More
Schroders assets rise by a quarter in 2013A combination of acquisitions, market growth and net inflows into multi-asset funds allowed Schroders to increase its assets under management by a quarter during 2013. Read More
BlackRock's Larry Fink urges UK to force retirement savingThe chief executive of the world's largest asset manager says the UK should copy Australia and make retirement saving mandatory with no option to opt out. Read More
Nasdaq marketplace could smooth path to IPOExchange technology firm Nasdaq has launched a platform for private companies to raise capital and control secondary transactions prior to an initial public offering (IPO). Read More
LGIM's international assets rise by more than a thirdLegal & General Investment Management (LGIM) is making progress with plans to expand beyond the UK with a rise in international assets under management of more than aRead More


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Updated Jan 4, 2013 - 8:25 am
Report: Haley has yet to agree to interview with Cardinals
By: Arizona Sports
Originally published: Jan 4, 2013 - 8:22 am
Originally published: Jan 4, 2013 - 8:22 am
Despite receiving permission to interview Todd Haley, the Cardinals have not talked with him yet, according to an ESPN report.
Is there a chance Haley, Pittsburgh's offensive coordinator, wouldn't agree to the interview?
ESPN's Ed Werder tweeted Friday morning:
"Steelers OC Todd Haley has not yet agreed to interview for Cardinals HC job and proceeding cautiously because he loves working for Steelers."
Haley, a former Cardinals offensive coordinator and NFL head coach, just finished his first year in Pittsburgh. They struggled down the stretch and missed the playoffs.
The Cardinals might not be a coach's ideal job, but it's hard to believe someone wouldn't even listen if it was a chance to be the head guy.
Cardinals News
- With Jared Veldheer signing, Steve Keim has done it again
- Numbers say Jared Veldheer is a big pickup for the Arizona Cardinals
- Team broadcaster 'mystified' that Raiders let Jared Veldheer go to Arizona Cardinals
- Arizona Cardinals benefit from the Carson Palmer effect
- It's official: Arizona Cardinals re-sign trio of players, release Daryn Colledge
Cardinals Audio
- Tom Flores, Oakland Raiders radio color commentator - Tuesday March 11Tom Flores discusses Cardinals signing of left tackle Jared Veldheer.
- Mike Sando, ESPN NFL insider - Tuesday March 11Is Jim Harbaugh still welcome in San Francisco?
- Kent Somers, AZ Central Sports Cardinals beat writer - Monday March 10Kent Somers talks all things Cardinals free agency.
- Kent Somers, AZ Central Sports Cardinals beat writer - Thursday March 6Kent Somers discusses the Cardinals' efforts to sign Karlos Dansby.
- Pete Prisco, CBSSports.com NFL writer - Thursday March 6Pete Prisco of CBS Sports discusses the NFL offseason and the NFL draft.
Most Popular


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Leaders are better at relationships, study finds
Is there a link between your job title and your love life?
According to a recent study from the University of California at Berkeley, powerful people have a few advantages when it comes to dating and relationships.
More on MSN Living: Kissing dos and don'ts
For most of us, making the first move is downright nerve-racking. When it comes to approaching someone for a date, the possibility of rejection is enough to hold back even the most charismatic among us. But for those in positions of power, rejection is less of a risk.
Lead researcher Maya Kuehn conducted a series of experiments to test the impact of rejection on people in both high and low level workplace positions. In one experiment, subjects were told they weren't invited to a happy hour gathering, for example. Kuehn reported her findings:
"When rejected instead of accepted, subordinates reported lower self-esteem and greater negative emotion, but supervisors did not show an adverse reaction to rejection."
More on MSN Living: 50 wedding cost-cutting tips from real brides
Theoretically, if you have subordinates, you probably have more game. Or you at least find the game less daunting.
In another experiment, Kuehn brought couples into a lab and videotaped them discussing problem solving tasks. Beforehand, she asked the couples to rate each other according to who had the most power in real-life relationships. Kuehn found that powerful people were more willing to work through problems with their partner. Meanwhile, the submissive partners were more negative about the conflict; they were less willing to find a solution with their significant other. The study seems to imply that powerful people are more willing to stick it out in tough times.
While many of us find it difficult to connect with someone special, that connection might be easier for natural leaders, too. Kuehn found that the subjects in high-level positions were more willing to seek out opportunities to bond with others.
Jack Zenger, an author who specializes in leadership development, said:
"The most important competency of inspiring leaders is their ability to make an emotional connection with those they lead."
Overall, leaders are driven by interpersonal relationships. So perhaps it's only natural that they should jump over these romantic hurdles with ease.
What do you think—are you a powerful person? If so, do you find it easier to maintain your love life, or are you just as afraid of conflict and rejection?
More from The Heart Beat:
Study: It takes men 20 minutes to decide if they want a second date
Why powerful people are more likely to cheat
Are fewer women keeping maiden names?
Bing: It's divorce season?!
Love content like this? Friend us on Facebook, follow us on Twitter and find us on Pinterest
Photo: Patrick Lane/Getty Images
love: friendships, dating, sex & marriage
The 10 worst date ideas ever
Hopeless romantics and cringe-worthy chick flicks would tell you that it doesn't matter what you do on the date, as long as you're together. But they're wrong. Dead wrong. Women use your date ideas to size you up, says matchmaker Rachel DeAlto, author of "Flirt Fearlessly." "You absolutely will be judged based on the date you plan. There are so many subconscious impressions that we take in while dating." Gulp. Here are 10 terrible ideas that can land you on the no-lay list—and simple swaps to keep her happy. By K. Aleisha Fetters
Signs you've been watching 'The Bachelor' for too long
Here are 15 signs we've been on "The Bachelor" bandwagon—all 27 seasons of it—for (possibly) longer than we'd care to admit.
Our favorite romantic TV & movie moments from the past 25 years
In the grand tradition of celebrating love, we've chosen some of the mushiest, sweetest, and most memorable scenes to hit the big or small screen. From marriage proposals to unexpected serenades, these moments will make you believe in love (and want someone to cuddle up with, stat).
7 lies your wife tells you
How to flag her little fibs. By Laura Tedesco
New dating app matches people based on voice
Revealr is a new iPhone app that allows those looking for love to hear their possible matches before they see them.
Support for same-sex marriage is higher than ever
A new poll reveals 59 percent of the country supports same-sex marriage.
Celebrity couples most likely to get engaged in 2014
Celebrity engagements are so much fun to follow because every detail is bound to be over-the-top — from the proposal (like when Kanye rented out an entire stadium to propose to Kim) to the huge, sparkly engagement ring and, of course, the wedding. Plus, as trendsetters, celebs can be a source of inspiration even if you can't afford a million dollar ring. Here are our celebrity wedding predictions for 2014.
Study: Men are sexually aggressive to women in clubs even when sober
If you've ever been to a club—like, ever, even once—you are not going to be shocked to hear that women get a lot of unwanted, aggressive attention. But when you read the findings of this study on how often and why it happens, it might make you feel downright sick to your stomach.
6 ways to overhaul your love life
No matter your current relationship status or past relationship fails, get a fresh start this month, with these tips for spring cleaning your love life.
Dating 'rules' you need to break
Forget the rules you've always heard—it's time to start making your own.
5 ways men secretly cheat
Are you in an affair without knowing it? Unless you're a swinger, having sex with someone else counts as cheating. But then there's the fuzzy area between friendship and infidelity—and chances are, your girlfriend sees those shades of gray as more black and white than you do. "Men aren't as attuned to identifying ambiguous behaviors as cheating as women are," says Daniel Kruger, Ph.D., a University of Michigan psychologist, who's studied gender differences in definitions of infidelity. In other words, what you consider totally innocent could be her deal breaker.
10 things you must do after a breakup
We spoke with relationship therapist Rachel A. Sussman, author of "The Breakup Bible," for her tips on how regular girls can survive a split like an A-lister.


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Choose Download Location
Tumi's Wincolor Cursors
You have chosen to download Tumi's Wincolor Cursors. Check the file details to make sure this is the correct program and version, and that your operating system is supported.
Download Details
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- File Name wincolor.zip
- MD5 Hash 7ef2300113cfe8cfaf2510efafbc1701
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In order to make the download process as fast for you as possible, this file exists on several Tucows Downloads servers around the world. Please choose the location closest to you from which to download the file.


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Open Daily
Extended Hours
Special Hours
Share the comfort.
Nothing's better than being able to kick your feet up and relax. With our recliner sofas, you'll never have to sacrifice style or comfort.
Torino Collection
Power Reclining Leather Sofa
The Belmont Power leather reclining sofa. Also available with manual recline for $1899.
Dimensions:Height - 40" Width - 90" Depth - 42"
Compare at $4,349.99


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This recipe has been sent by Kathy Gau who is promoting beekeeping in Swaziland, with support from the Swaziland Ministry of Agriculture and the Near East Foundation. Kathy has found that the use of beeswax in making this ointment has been of great interest to the general population in Swaziland. The ointment resembles the petroleum jelly that is used as lip balm and as a soothing cream.
Supplies needed
750 ml cooking oil
150 g beeswax. This is equal to a tin cup half full of melted beeswax
3 capfuls glycerine
Perfume (not essential. but can be added if desired)
Equipment needed
Pot for melting
Heating unit, either a hot plate or fire Stick for stirring
Containers for the ointment. Save old glass and plastic jars for this purpose.
1. Heat the oil for five minutes.
2. Add the beeswax. The beeswax can be either already melted, or still in solid form.
3. Add the three capfuls of glycerine.
4. Continue to heat the mixture for five minutes. Heat, but do not allow the mixture to boil.
5. Add perfume if desired.
6. Pour the mixture into the containers.
7. Allow the mixture to cool. As the mixture cools, it resembles petroleum jelly. Thisrecipe will make approximately 810 g.
8. Store in a cool place.
Candles can be used instead of beeswax. Use two candles, placing the candles into the hot oil. After the candles have melted, remove the strings from the mixture.
Total cost
Petroleum jelly in the shops:
810 g would cost US$6.3 2
Ointment made from home-produced beeswax US$2.94
If made from bought beeswax: US$4.44 If made from candles: US$3.50.
(these prices date back to 1991)
[Bees for development Journal #19]


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Listen Back: East Village Radio Takeover
If you missed it live on air, listen back to sets from Bonobo, Machinedrum, FaltyDL and Lee Bannon at the East Village Radio Takeover last week.
Read MoreNext Friday (14 June) we're at 1015 Folsom in San Francisco for a Ninja Tune Showcase, headed up by a live performance from Darren Cunningham aka Werkdiscs label boss Actress. He will be joined by two like-minded electronic warriors, New York resident and the man behind Hardcourage, FaltyDL as well as the inimitable Slugabed.
If that's not enough, further support comes from local talents Ghosts on Tape, Benito, Solar, Mossmoss and a DJ set from Morphono. Not one to be missed!
If you missed it live on air, listen back to sets from Bonobo, Machinedrum, FaltyDL and Lee Bannon at the East Village Radio Takeover last week.
Read MoreGet locked to EVR this Friday 7 February from 8pm - 10pm (EST) / 1am - 3am (GMT) for Bonobo, Machinedrum, FaltyDL and Lee Bannon in session with DJ Still Life.
Read MoreThe Werkdiscs boss celebrates his new album with a specially curated Ghettoville takeover for Dazed. Includes Actress in conversation Adamski, words from the album's visual collaborators & what's playing on Ghettoville FM.
Read MoreThis week it's the Earnest Endeavours affiliates Darkhouse Family in the mix for Solid Steel, plus sessions from DK and Adam Elemental.
Read MoreNinja Tune is very proud to announce the signing of Romare. This week he dropped an exclusive guest mix for Benji B on BBC Radio 1Xtra - listen back.
Read MoreGearing up for her Force EP dropping on Werkdiscs / Ninja Tune in a couple of weeks' time, Giganta shares an insight into her mind's eye with "This Goes On".
Read MoreCelebrating a decade of Bleep, Travis Stewart offers up a previously unreleased track "aeolia" as part of a 14-track compilation, it's available on 2LP, CD and digitally here.
Read More
© 2014 Ninja Tune
Design and Development by Thomas Heymann / Maintained by Dan London


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Quality CareFind out why Mayo Clinic is the right place for your health care. Make an appointment.
Meet the StaffFind a directory of doctors and departments at all Mayo Clinic campuses. Visit now.
Research and Clinical TrialsSee how Mayo Clinic research and clinical trials advance the science of medicine and improve patient care. Explore now.
Visit Our SchoolsEducators at Mayo Clinic train tomorrow's leaders to deliver compassionate, high-value, safe patient care. Choose a degree.
Professional ServicesExplore Mayo Clinic's many resources and see jobs available for medical professionals. Get updates.
Give to Mayo ClinicYou are an essential partner in our work to find answers for our patients. Donate now.
You're getting a handle on stress management. Perhaps you've mastered new time management techniques. Or you've learned to control your anger under pressure. Congratulations. To keep stress under control for good, though, you need to make a commitment to using the stress management techniques you've learned.
Stress management isn't a first-aid kit you pull out only in emergencies. Rather, it's a set of tools you can use every day to deal with the big and little issues that arise. It's a good idea to keep your tools sharp and even to add a few to your collection from time to time.
Don't get discouraged if you occasionally fail to handle a stressful situation as well as you might like. Change takes time, and setbacks are part of the learning curve. Learn from the experience, and plan to clear that hurdle the next time. If you lapse back to your old ways, don't give up. Focus on what you can do to regain control of the situation.
Stress is more likely to rear its ugly head if you're not taking care of yourself. So remember to put yourself first. These strategies can help you stay on course.
Just 10 to 20 minutes of quiet reflection may bring relief from chronic stress, as well as increase your tolerance to it. Listen to music, relax, and try to think of pleasant things or nothing at all. If you feel your muscles tense during your day, take a minibreak. Breathe deeply, inhale to the count of six, pause for a second and then slowly exhale.
Exercise can help keep depression and anxiety at bay. Just 30 minutes a day benefits the body and mind.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Proceeds from website advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse non-Mayo products and services.
Advertising & Sponsorship
Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic.


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Contact Us
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Acknowledge their sacrifices
Published on Sun, Jan 3, 2010 by
Lorri Gilchrist
Read More
• May 26 is Memorial Day. The observance began in 1868 to honor the Civil War dead. In 1971, Congress declared Memorial Day a national holiday. It is in honor of the nations armed services personnel killed in wartime. The American Legion will be putting flags on all graves identified as veterans on May 25. If your veteran does not have any identification on the gravestone, please come to the cemetery on May 25 to identify the grave call the American Legion, 683-5915, for times. On May 26, services will be held at Sequim View Cemetery at 11 a.m., Jamestown Cemetery at 11:30 a.m., Dungeness Cemetery at noon and Blue Mountain Cemetery at 12:45 p.m.
The service at Sequim View will be led by Chaplain Dale Butler of the VFW. First Vice Commander Bob Robinson will lead the other services on behalf of the American Legion. Boy Scout Alex Bullock will be playing Taps at the three American Legion services.
Please come out to honor our deceased veterans and let their families know you appreciate the sacrifice of their loved one.
Flags will be retrieved from the graves late Monday afternoon.
• Chaplain Butler has a display of the 95 Washington state residents who have lost their lives in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Please go by and acknowledge our countys military personnel who have given their lives for our freedom.
• The NJROTC will be conducting its awards ceremony at 11 a.m. Saturday, June 7, at the Port Angeles High School gym. Please come and acknowledge all the hard work these young people put in during the school year. MOAA and the DAR will be there to present leadership medals and certificates.
• I addressed this back in October, but we still need more volunteers to do this job. The Red Cross needs volunteers to help with the Armed Forces Emergency Services AFES. This involves verifying information about a death, birth or serious illness of a servicemans family member so the Red Cross can send a message on behalf of the family to members of the U.S. armed services serving anywhere in the world, including ships at sea. The information or verification in a message assists the service members commanding officer with making a decision regarding emergency leave. It takes about an hour of training to learn the system. You can volunteer for a week whenever it is convenient for you. You do not have to go to the Red Cross office you can have a pager or use your cell or home phone to answer and assist in these calls. If you are interested in helping the families of servicemen let their loved ones know what is happening here at home, please call the Red Cross at 457-7933 and ask for Jo Ann.
• Better late than never May 9 was Military Spouse Appreciation Day. In 1984, then President Reagan proclaimed each Friday before Mothers Day to be Military Spouse Appreciation Day. Please dont forget that spouses are left behind to deal with daily life when the service member is deployed. Thank them for their support and maybe even offer a helping hand!
Contributors: DAR Regent Bonnie McGill, firstname.lastname@example.com; American Legion Post Commander Lorri Gilchrist, email@example.com; VFW Commander Roger Patie, commander@
vfwpost4760.com; MOAA President Jim McEntire,
firstname.lastname@example.com, Marine Corps League, Jake Fish, firstname.lastname@example.com.
© 2009 Sequim Gazette. All rights reserved. 147 West Washington, Sequim, WA 98382 • 360.683.3311
Email the Webmaster


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Please enter your travel dates.
Standard Room (Victorian)
Parlor Suite
Deluxe Room, 1 Queen Bed
Intimate Victorian treasure in downtown D.C.
Central D.C. haven
This inn on the National Register of Historic Places lies 2 blocks from the Washington Convention Center and a mile from the White House and the Smithsonian museums.
Renowned restaurant
Amenities at the 1864 Morrison Clark Hotel include a renowned restaurant and complimentary shoeshines.
Frette Italian linens
The hotel's 54 guestrooms offer period furnishings, Frette Italian linens, marble vanities, bathrobes, minibars, complimentary daily Washington Post, and turndown service.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
- General
This historic Washington DC hotel features a drawing room with morning breakfast service, and afternoon lemonade and tea; a private brick courtyard; and a broad front veranda for sitting.
The Morrison Clark Hotel also provides complimentary shoe shine, and a business center. Guests also have complimentary access to an outdoor swimming pool three blocks away.
- 24-hour front desk
- Room service (limited hours)
- Complimentary newspapers in lobby
- Multiple large conference rooms
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Garden
- Total number of rooms - 54
- Number of floors - 5
- Valet parking (surcharge)
- Year Built 1864
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- Concierge desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Restaurant
- Babysitting or childcare
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Parking limited (surcharge)
- Express check-in
- Parking (surcharge)
- Smoke-free property
- Free Wi-Fi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Internet
Available in all rooms: Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free Wi-Fi, Free wired high-speed Internet
- Parking
Parking (surcharge), Valet parking (surcharge), Parking limited (surcharge)
- Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Voice mail
- Multi-line phone
- Bathrobes
- Complimentary toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Premium bedding
- Iron/ironing board
- Clock radio
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Separate sitting area
- Complimentary newspaper
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- In-room safe
- Wake-up calls
- Climate control
- Daily housekeeping
- Turndown service
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Desk
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Free movie channels
- City view
- Courtyard view
- Dining
Morrison-Clark Restaurant - Award-winning American cuisine is served in an intimate dining room with lace curtains, a crystal chandelier, and marble fireplaces. When weather permits, guests can dine outside in the hotel's brick courtyard.
Policies & Fees
- Check-in
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Minimum check-in age is 21
- Check-out
Check-out time is noon
- Payment types
Accepted at this hotel: American Express, MasterCard, Visa
- Pets
Pets not allowed
- General
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Fees
- The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Valet parking fee: USD 33 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
- Additional Details
Children 18 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
Awards & Affiliations
- Details
- The property is a member of Historic Hotels of America.


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Visual & Media Arts Faculty
Michael Selig
Associate Professor (1986)
B.S. University of Texas, M.A. University of Texas, Ph.D. Northwestern University
Dr. Selig has taught at the University of Vermont, Rosary College, Northwestern University, and the University of Texas.
He has published in Screen, Wide Angle, Jump Cut, and other publications. He is a former editor of the Journal of Film and Video.
Office: Ansin 905
Phone: 8821
Emerson students will be chronicling their experiences at the 65th Annual Cannes Film Festival. Read about their trip to the most prestigious film festival in the world.
VMA Department news
Read, watch, and listen to the latest news and projects from VMA students, faculty, and alumni.


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Gifts for Dad for Men - Collectibles & Memorabilia - Gifts for the Hipster
Gift Buzz
Leos love being treated like royalty and lavished with all things extravagant, big and attention-grabbing like brand names and genuine leather goods. You can also cater to Leo�s playful side by giving the hottest new backyard game or a special... Read More »
For Virgos, the more practical the gift, the better. They like items they can put to use right away like a date book to organize their life or an electronic multi-language dictionary that will help them on their quest for knowledge. Virgos... Read More »
Does your dad love reminding you that he was cool back in the day? Somehow he manages to fit his LP collection into most conversations, including chats about the weather or what's for dinner. He wants to show you that he was awesome once upon... Read More »
While a goat may not seem like the sexiest of animals, you can't help but reconsider after meeting a Capricorn man. As surefooted, agile and tenacious as a mountain goat, your favorite Capricorn is most at home scaling mountains and navigating... Read More »


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First post in years. Hi.
First post in years. Hi.
derp text
Spoiler Alert!
Looking back on my posts from 2008/2009...damn, I was really immature and cheesy
I assumed this was like the "talk about whatever you want" thread lol
And nah, was just bored and I remembered Wii Chat
DPrinny, now DBloke, changes the thread name to what ever he wants.
This is the general talking thread
the What are you thinking about thread was accidentally deleted
Spoiler Alert!
Oh, Dark Prinny, that penguin guy who makes all those gifs?


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Partial list of winners from Emmys broadcast
Sunday - 9/22/2013, 11:15pm  ET
The Associated Press
Partial list of winners at Sunday's 65th annual Primetime Emmy Awards presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences:
-- Supporting Actress, Comedy Series: Merritt Wever, "Nurse Jackie," Showtime.
-- Writing, Comedy Series: Tina Fey, Tracey Wigfield, "30 Rock," NBC.
-- Supporting Actor, Comedy Series: Tony Hale, "Veep," HBO.
-- Actress, Comedy Series: Julia Louis-Dreyfus, "Veep," HBO.
-- Directing, Comedy Series: Gail Mancuso, "Modern Family," ABC.
-- Actor, Comedy Series: Jim Parsons, "The Big Bang Theory," CBS.
-- Actress, Miniseries or Movie: Laura Linney, "The Big C: Hereafter," Showtime.
-- Writing, Drama Series: Henry Bromell, "Homeland," Showtime.
-- Supporting Actress, Drama Series: Anna Gunn, "Breaking Bad," AMC.
-- Reality-Competition Program: "The Voice," NBC.
-- Supporting Actor, Drama Series: Bobby Cannavale, "Boardwalk Empire," HBO.
-- Actor, Drama Series: Jeff Daniels, "The Newsroom," HBO.
-- Actress, Drama Series: Claire Danes, "Homeland," Showtime.
-- Directing, Drama Series: David Fincher, "House of Cards," Netflix.
-- Writing, Variety Series: "The Colbert Report," Comedy Central.
-- Directing, Variety Series: Don Roy King, "Saturday Night Live, NBC."
-- Variety Series: "The Colbert Report," Comedy Central.
-- Choreography: Derek Hough, "Dancing With the Stars," ABC.
-- Writing, Miniseries or Movie: Abi Morgan, "The Hour," BBC America.
-- Supporting Actor, Miniseries or Movie: James Cromwell, "American Horror Story: Asylum," FX Networks.
-- Directing, Miniseries or Movie: Steven Soderbergh, "Behind The Candelabra," HBO.
-- Supporting Actress, Miniseries or Movie: Ellen Burstyn, "Political Animals," USA.
-- Actor, Miniseries or Movie: Michael Douglas, "Behind the Candelabra," HBO.
-- Miniseries or Movie: "Behind the Candelabra," HBO.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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100% polyester polo shirt featuring 4-1/4 oz. Vansport moisture management mini-box textured knit body, UV protection, edge striped rib knit collar and cuff, three-button placket, contrast polished etched buttons, locker patch, double-needle top-stitching, dropped tail, replacement button. Imported. Available in sizes S-3XL. Pricing shown is for sizes S-XL. Please call for pricing on other available sizes.Pricing shown includes Embroidery up to 8000 stitches in one location. Higher stitch count available at an additional cost; please call for details and pricing.
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Protesters Block IntersectionCHARLOTTE, N.C.-- Dozen of protesters had a brief show down with police in Uptown Charlotte Tuesday. Cops stopped them as they tried to make their way to the convention. They blocked the intersection of Stonewall and Caldwell for about two hours. Protesters say the officers let them continue as long as they agreed to stay on the sidewalk. Chief Rodney Monroe says things are going smoothly. Cops arrested one person during the protest.John Penley is charged with breaching a police line and barricade. There were two other arrest on Tuesday.A man named Paul Davis is charged with disorderly conduct and dispersing a noxious substance, which turned out to be green dye. Dylan Wrynn is charged with disorderly conduct. Most Popular |
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March 10, 2014
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Carnegie Museum of Natural History was founded in 1895. Malacology (the study of mollusks) has been an integral part of the Museum of Natural History since the museum's establishment. These pages introduce you to the interesting world of mollusks. Read about the ways different cultures have used mollusks throughout history. You can also learn about the history of the Mollusks section, including the curators and other notable people. Finally, learn about what is in the collection.
The Section of Mollusks has moved! Thanks to a grant from the National Science Foundation, the Mollusk collection has relocated to a more accessible space on the ground floor of the museum, and specimens have been rehoused in archival steel cabinets that will help to ensure their long-term preservation. Read more about this project.
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The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (September 2010) |
In contract law, a warranty has various meanings but generally means a guarantee or promise1 which provides assurance by one party to the other party that specific facts or conditions are true or will happen. This factual guarantee may be enforced regardless of materiality2 which allows for a legal remedy if that promise is not true or followed.
Although warranties are used in many contractual circumstances, they are a common feature in consumer law for automobiles or real estate purchases. For example, new car sales typically include a factory warranty which guarantees against the malfunction of the car for a certain time period. In real estate transactions, a general warranty deed may promise good title to a parcel of land while a limited warranty provides a limited guarantee of good title.
A warranty may be express or implied, depending on whether the warranty is explicitly provided (typically written) and the jurisdiction. Warranties may also state that a particular fact is true at one point in time or that the fact will be continue into the future (a "promissory" or continuing warranty).
Sale of goods
Warranties provided in the sale of goods (tangible products) vary according to jurisdiction, but commonly new goods are sold with implied warranty that the goods are as advertised. Used products, however, may be sold "as is" with no warranties.
In the United States, various laws apply, including provisions in the Uniform Commercial Code which provide for implied warranties.3 However, these implied warranties were often limited by disclaimers. In 1975 the Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act was passed to strengthen warranties on consumer goods.4 Among other things, under the law implied warranties cannot be disclaimed if an express warranty is offered, and attorney fees may be recovered.4 In some states statutory warranties are required on new home construction, and "lemon laws" apply to motor vehicles.
Implied warranty
Implied warranties are unwritten promises that arise from the nature of the transaction, and the inherent understanding by the buyer, rather than from the express representations of the seller. In the United States, Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (which has been adopted with variations in each state) provides that the following two warranties are implied unless they are explicitly disclaimed (such as an "as is" statement):
- The warranty of merchantability is implied unless expressly disclaimed by name, or the sale is identified with the phrase "as is" or "with all faults." To be "merchantable", the goods must reasonably conform to an ordinary buyer's expectations. For example, a fruit that looks and smells good but has hidden defects may violate the warranty if its quality does not meet the standards for such fruit "as passes ordinarily in the trade". In Massachusetts consumer protection law, it is illegal to disclaim this warranty on household goods sold to consumers.
- The warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is implied unless disclaimed when a buyer relies upon the seller to select the goods to fit a specific request. For example, this warranty is violated when a buyer asks a mechanic to provide snow tires and receives tires that are unsafe to use in snow.
Satisfaction guarantee
In the United States, the Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act of 1976 provides for enforcement of a satisfaction guarantee warranty. In these cases, the advertiser must refund the full purchase price regardless of the reason for dissatisfaction.5
Lifetime warranty
A lifetime warranty is usually a guarantee on the lifetime of the product on the market rather than the lifetime of the consumer, although it can be defined in various ways.6 If a product has been discontinued and is no longer available, the warranty may last a limited period longer. For example:
- the Cisco Limited Lifetime Warranty currently lasts for five years after the product has been discontinued.7
- HP Networking product lifetime warranties last for as long as one owns the product.8
Breach of warranty
Warranties are violated when the promise is broken or the goods are not as expected. The seller may honor the warranty by making a refund or a replacement. The statute of limitations depends on the jurisdiction and contractual agreements. In the United States, the Uniform Commercial Code § 2-725 provides for a four-year time limit, which can be limited to one year by contract, starting from the date of delivery or if future performance is guaranteed from the date of discovery. Refusing to honor the warranty may be an unfair business practice. In the United States, breach of warranty lawsuits may be distinct from revocation of contract suits; in the case of the breach of warranty, the buyer's item is repaired or replaced while breach of contract involves returning the item to the seller.9
Some warranties require that repairs be undertaken by an authorized service provider. In such cases, service by non-authorized personnel or company may void (nullify) the warranty. However, according to the Magnuson-Moss Act (a U.S. Federal law that governs warranties, which was passed in 1975), if the warranty does not provide full or partial payment of labor (to repair the device or system), it is the owner's choice who will provide the labor, including the possibility of DIY ("Do It Yourself") repairs, in which case the device or system owner will pay zero dollars for labor, yet the company that provided the warranty must still provide all the parts needed for the repair at absolutely no charge to the owner, not even a "delivery charge" that companies like Sears / Kenmore likes to call their "fee" for delivering parts.
If the defective product causes injury, this may be a cause of action for a product liability lawsuit (tort). Strict liability may be applied.
Extended warranty
In addition to standard warranties on new items, third-parties or manufacturers may sell extended warranties (also called service contracts). These extend the warranty for a further length of time. However, these warranties have terms and conditions which may not match the original terms and conditions. For example, these may not cover anything other than mechanical failure from normal usage. Exclusions may include commercial use, "acts of God", owner abuse, and malicious destruction. They may also exclude parts that normally wear out such as tires and lubrication on a vehicle.
These types of warranties are provided for various products, but automobiles and electronics are common examples. Warranties which are sold through retailers such as Best Buy may include significant commission for the retailer as a result of reverse competition.10 For instance, an auto warranty from a car dealership may be subcontracted and vehicle repairs may be at a lower rate which could compromise the quality of service. At the time of repair, out-of-pocket expenses may be charged for unexpected services provided outside of the warranty terms or uncovered parts.
Representations versus warranties
Statements of fact in a contract or in obtaining the contract are considered to be either warranties or representations. Traditionally, warranties are factual promises which are enforced through a contract legal action, regardless of materiality, intent, or reliance.2 Representations are traditionally precontractual statements which allow for a tort-based action if the misrepresentation is negligent or fraudulent.11 In U.S. law, the distinction between the two is somewhat unclear;2 warranties are viewed as primarily contract-based legal action while negligent or fraudulent misrepresentations are tort-based, but there is a confusing mix of case law in the United States.2 In modern English law, sellers often avoid using the term 'represents' in order to avoid claims under the Misrepresentation Act 1967, while in America 'warrants and represents' is relatively common.12 Some modern commentators suggest avoiding the words and substituting 'state' or 'agree', and some model forms do not use the words;11 however, others disagree.13
Product types
Car warranty
New car factory warranties commonly range from one year to five years and in some cases extend even 10 years, with typically a mileage limit as well.14
In the United Kingdom, types of warranties have been classified as either a:
- original manufacturer warranty,
- insurance warranty underwritten and regulated as insurance or
- obligor warranty, typically written by a car dealership or garage.15
In the United Kingdom, the Financial Services Authority (FSA), which began to regulate insurance contracts in this context in 2005, determined that additional warranties sold by car dealerships are "unlikely to be insurance".16 Insurance warranties may offer greater protection to the consumer.15
Home Warranty
A home warranty protects against the costs of home and appliance repair by offering home warranty coverage for houses, town homes, condominiums, mobile homes, and new construction homes. When a problem occurs with a covered appliance or mechanical system such as an air conditioning unit or furnace, a service technician repairs or replaces it. The homeowner pays for a service call fee and the home warranty company pays the balance for the repair or replacement of the covered item.
Warranty data
Warranty data consists of claims data and supplementary data. Claims data are the data collected during the servicing of claims under warranty and supplementary data are additional data such as production and marketing data.17 This data can help determine product reliability and plan for future modifications.17
See also
- Business law
- Consumer protection
- Due diligence representations and warranties
- Extended warranty as an extra or prolonged warranty offered to consumers
- Financial Global Monetary Warranty (FGMW)
- Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act protection for voided warranties or denied claims based on modifications of the warranted product (United States)
- Surety (Guarantee)
- Warranty deed in land transactions
- Warranty tolling
- ^ Hogg M. (2011). Promises and Contract Law: Comparative Perspectives, p. 48. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b c d West GD, Lewis WB. (2009). Contracting to Avoid Extra-Contractual Liability—Can Your Contractual Deal Ever Really Be the "Entire" Deal? The Business Lawyer.
- ^ Warranties in Sales of Goods. LexisNexis Study Outlines.
- ^ a b 12 Reasons to Love the Magnuson-Moss Act. Journal of Texas Consumer Law. Reprinted with permission from the National Consumer Law Center.
- ^ Andreoni J. (2005). Trust, Reciprocity, and Contract Enforcement: Experiments on Satisfaction Guaranteed.
- ^ Lifetime Warranties. Warranty Week. WebCite Archive.
- ^ "Cisco Limited Lifetime Hardware Warranty Terms". Retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ^ "HP Networking warranty information". Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ^ Davis T. (2009). UCC Breach of Warranty and Contract Claims: Clarifying the Distinction. Baylor Law Review.
- ^ Baker T, Siegelman P. (2013). Protecting Consumers from Add-On Insurance Products: New Lessons for Insurance Regulation.
- ^ a b Primack MA. (2009). Representations, Warranties and Covenants: Back to the Basics in Contracts. National Law Review.
- ^ Ferara LN, Philips J, Runnicles J. (2007). Some Differences in Law and Practice Between U.K. and U.S. Stock Purchase Agreements. Jones Day Publications.
- ^ Telman J. (2012). Representations and Warranties. ContractsProf Blog.
- ^ See
- ^ a b Insurance & Non-Insurance - What is the Difference?. WarrantyExpert.co.uk FAQ.
- ^ What is a contract of insurance?. Financial Services Authority.
- ^ a b Wu S. (2012). Warranty Data Analysis: A Review. Quality and Reliability Engineering International.
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A plain and neutral fan and light fixture from our Lights range, this Twister ceiling-mounted model is a great multi-feature light fitting for your home. With six neutral white blades, the fan has a quiet, powerful motor with three speed settings. The Lights by B&Q range showcases a whole host of lighting products, in styles to suit every taste.
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Posts Tagged 'Adidas Grand Prix'
Belmont and more on big NYC sports Saturday
by The Associated Press Published: June 6, 2012
Tags: Adidas Grand Prix, Belmont Stakes, friendly, New York Mets, New York Yankees, soccer, Stanley Cup Finals, Triple Crown
New York likes to think of itself as the hub of, well, pretty much everything. Finance, fashion, theater. And this Saturday, sports can claim a spot on that list. Fans around the world will be focused on the New York metropolitan area as it hosts at least four and maybe five major events: the Belmont [...]


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The Conference Board Leading Economic Index® (LEI) for France Declines
BRUSSELS, Feb. 20, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- The Conference Board Leading Economic Index® (LEI) for France declined 0.2 percent in December to 113.8 (2004 = 100), following a 0.4 percent increase in November, and a 0.4 percent decline in October.
At the same time, The Conference Board Coincident Economic Index® (CEI) for France, a measure of current economic activity, increased 0.1 percent in December to 104.2 (2004 = 100), following no change in November, and no change in October.
Although the LEI for France decreased twice in the last three months, its six-month growth rate remains in positive territory. Meanwhile, the CEI for France started to pick up in December after a slight decline during the past year. Taken together, the recent behavior of the composite indexes suggests that economic activity may recover slowly in the near term.
About The Conference Board Leading Economic Index® (LEI) for France
The composite economic indexes are the key elements in an analytic system designed to signal peaks and troughs in the business cycle. The leading and coincident economic indexes are essentially composite averages of several individual leading or coincident indicators. They are constructed to summarize and reveal common turning point patterns in economic data in a clearer and more convincing manner than any individual component – primarily because they smooth out some of the volatility of individual components.
The seven components of The Conference Board Leading Economic Index® for France include:
Yield Spread, 10 year minus Day-Day Loan
Stock Price SBF 250 Index
Building Permits, residential
New Unemployment Claims
Industrial New Orders
Production Expectations
Ratio Deflator of Manufacturing Value Added to Unit Labor Cost
For more information including full press release and technical notes:
For more information about The Conference Board global business cycle indicators:
About The Conference Board
The Conference Board is an independent business membership and research association working in the public interest. Our mission is unique: To provide the world's leading organizations with the practical knowledge they need to improve their performance and better serve society. The Conference Board is a non-advocacy, not-for-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. www.conference-board.org.
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Summary Table of Composite Indexes | ||||||||
2012 |
6-month | |||||||
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Jun to Dec | |||||
Leading Economic Index (LEI) |
113.5 |
p |
114.0 |
p |
113.8 |
p |
Percent Change |
-0.4 |
p |
0.4 |
p |
-0.2 |
p |
1.3 |
p |
Diffusion |
28.6 |
64.3 |
50.0 |
57.1 |
Coincident Economic Index (CEI) |
104.1 |
r |
104.1 |
r |
104.2 |
p |
Percent Change |
0.0 |
r |
0.0 |
0.1 |
p |
-0.2 |
p | |
Diffusion |
25.0 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
n.a. Not available p Preliminary r Revised | ||||||||
Indexes equal 100 in 2004 | ||||||||
Source: The Conference Board All Rights Reserved |
SOURCE The Conference Board
More by this Source
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Posted on Aug 19th, 2010 by Nick Catchdubs
Two consecutive weeks of RAT? Vainglorious! Read More
Rappin Ass Thursdays #29
Posted on Jan 7th, 2010 by Nick Catchdubs
Before I get to brand new music in this young decade, gotta cleanse the palate of some late, late 2009 favorites in steady rotation over the break thanks to the "All Mix Holiday Weekend" on Hot 97 (which let DJs like Enuff, Camilo, et al dictate their own shows for the most part).
Without fail, the standout sets were always club excursions, ALWAYS with a Jersey shout out, mixing "Percolator" with new tunes like DJ Frosty's "Ride That Wave" – maybe more on that in another post… – and these midtempo, East Coast rap-n-b breaks, featuring all the tunes after the jump (along with the occasional Jay Elec-yarmulke "Exhibit C"). Who said radio was dead? Read More
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Single Herbs
Individual herbs in their vibrant, natural form support each person uniquely. Gaia Herbs Single Herbs contain concentrated extracts of an individual medicinal herb to deliver nature's vitality to you.
Olive Leaf
Olive Leaf has unique ability to support immune function while offering the body protection from free radical damage. Because of this antioxidant property, Olive Leaf shows promise in supporting cardiovascular health. Gaia Herbs' fresh-picked whole Olive Leaf is gently concentrated into a superior-quality extract.
Amount Per Serving | % Daily Value | |
Calories | 20 | |
Total Alcohol Free Extract Of:Olive leaf [Olea europaea]. | 780 mg | * |
Not to be used during pregnancy or lactation. If you have a medical condition or take pharmaceutical drugs, please consult with your doctor before using this product. Use only as directed on label.
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