text:
The Economist's Solution To Clean Energy And Global Warming
Posted 11 April 2011 - 01:17 AM
Fossil fuel is a limited resource. As supply diminishes price rises.
The largest, and really the only, impediment to renewable energy like solar is that there are cheaper energy sources available. It isn't economical to use renewable energy right now because it can't compete with cheaper methods.
We are nearly upon the precipice of peak oil and peak coal.
Given the previous four postulates, the clean energy problem (and global warming by extension) is going to solve itself shortly without intervention. Once it becomes more expensive to extract and transport oil and coal than it is to produce and transport clean energy, no one will use it... at least not in a worrisome amount.
I'm not an expert and I'm sure this has occurred to plenty of people, so I'm wondering if I'm missing anything. Why, in other words, are 'dirty' energy, and global warming, problems that need to be fixed with the likes of Kyoto, rather than problems which are inevitably and shortly going to shortly fix themselves?
Posted 12 April 2011 - 01:37 PM
Obviously it's not that simple in terms of delivering energy to peoples homes, but it does raise questions about the urgency.
Posted 12 April 2011 - 02:47 PM
Posted 12 April 2011 - 04:15 PM
F9T, on 12 April 2011 - 01:37 PM, said:
Solar activity & climate: is the sun causing global warming?
links for each reference below at page above.
skepticalscience.com said:
This conclusion is confirmed by many studies finding that while the sun contributed to warming in the early 20th Century, it has had little contribution (most likely negative) in the last few decades:
•Erlykin 2009: "We deduce that the maximum recent increase in the mean surface temperature of the Earth which can be ascribed to solar activity is 14% of the observed global warming."
•Benestad 2009: "Our analysis shows that the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 ± 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980."
•Lockwood 2008: "It is shown that the contribution of solar variability to the temperature trend since 1987 is small and downward; the best estimate is -1.3% and the 2? confidence level sets the uncertainty range of -0.7 to -1.9%."
•Lean 2008: "According to this analysis, solar forcing contributed negligible long-term warming in the past 25 years and 10% of the warming in the past 100 years..."
•Lockwood 2008: "The conclusions of our previous paper, that solar forcing has declined over the past 20 years while surface air temperatures have continued to rise, are shown to apply for the full range of potential time constants for the climate response to the variations in the solar forcings."
•Ammann 2007: "Although solar and volcanic effects appear to dominate most of the slow climate variations within the past thousand years, the impacts of greenhouse gases have dominated since the second half of the last century."
•Lockwood 2007: "The observed rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen after 1985 cannot be ascribed to solar variability, whichever of the mechanism is invoked and no matter how much the solar variation is amplified."
•Foukal 2006 concludes "The variations measured from spacecraft since 1978 are too small to have contributed appreciably to accelerated global warming over the past 30 years."
•Scafetta 2006 says "since 1975 global warming has occurred much faster than could be reasonably expected from the sun alone."
•Usoskin 2005 conclude "during these last 30 years the solar total irradiance, solar UV irradiance and cosmic ray flux has not shown any significant secular trend, so that at least this most recent warming episode must have another source."
•Solanki 2004 reconstructs 11,400 years of sunspot numbers using radiocarbon concentrations, finding "solar variability is unlikely to have been the dominant cause of the strong warming during the past three decades".
•Haigh 2003 says "Observational data suggest that the Sun has influenced temperatures on decadal, centennial and millennial time-scales, but radiative forcing considerations and the results of energy-balance models and general circulation models suggest that the warming during the latter part of the 20th century cannot be ascribed entirely to solar effects."
•Stott 2003 increased climate model sensitivity to solar forcing and still found "most warming over the last 50 yr is likely to have been caused by increases in greenhouse gases."
•Solanki 2003 concludes "the Sun has contributed less than 30% of the global warming since 1970."
•Lean 1999 concludes "it is unlikely that Sun–climate relationships can account for much of the warming since 1970."
•Waple 1999 finds "little evidence to suggest that changes in irradiance are having a large impact on the current warming trend."
•Frolich 1998 concludes "solar radiative output trends contributed little of the 0.2°C increase in the global mean surface temperature in the past decade."
Posted 12 April 2011 - 04:54 PM
Turtle, on 12 April 2011 - 04:15 PM, said:
Agreed, but I think that you may have misunderstood F9T as I did before re-reading his post a few times. I think rather than the absurd assertion that solar output is doubling every two years, instead he meant electrical generation from solar is doubling every two years.
While this may or may not be true, extending that projection into the future is troublesome for a number of reasons. Obviously, not all populated regions of the world are economically viable for solar power generation. And until a truly efficient power storage scheme is developed, I doubt seriously that solar can be a primary energy option for most regions.
Posted 12 April 2011 - 07:09 PM
JMJones0424, on 12 April 2011 - 04:54 PM, said:
erhm...i hope so.
JMJones said:
roger. then too, not all populated regions of the world have any reliable power generation even now.
solar & wind if taken far enough will start to have their own environmental impacts, including -but not limited to- the energy they extract that would have otherwise gone about its natural business. wind farms slow the wind and alter weather downwind. solar farms shade the ground as well as redirect a portion of the collected sunlight back up into the atmosphere.
one option i've heard mention of rather than storage is smart switching by computer control, but it seems to me that necessarily would add transmission losses. i dunno.
Posted 12 April 2011 - 08:50 PM
F9T, on 12 April 2011 - 01:37 PM, said:
If that is true then it would serve to hasten the inevitable. But, like JMJones said, solar is region-specific. Transporting power is relatively easy though, so solar, I would recon, has a very large part to play.
Posted 12 April 2011 - 09:52 PM
JMJones0424, on 12 April 2011 - 02:47 PM, said:
Right, I don't think that will be a problem. To think that we could or would burn 50% of the oil reserves we know about in the next 50 years doesn't seem realistic. Peak oil and the availability of clean energy sources makes it exceedingly unlikely that we could use oil at anything like that rate.
The IPCC summary of climate models introduces several scenarios for future CO2 production. Scenario B1 assumes that fossil fuel use will peak around 2050 then decline to today's levels for some time to come. here is a graph.
If emission levels increase, then level out at roughly the level they are at today, then we would expect temperatures to follow the blue line:
But, how likely is that? How likely, given oil production, is it that we will be consuming current levels in 2100? According to that graph we will be using levels from the early 1900's.
I realize that coal and oil are not the only CO2 producers. But, still, it's hard to take these models seriously when they assume something that's impossible and it's hard to get worried about emissions when a major source of emissions is limited and quite-nearly past the point of usefulness.
I very well could be wrong. I've spent more than a little time debating climate science on this site and others, but that doesn't make me an expert. There is either something major that I'm missing or this really is much to do about nothing.
Posted 12 April 2011 - 10:06 PM
modest, on 12 April 2011 - 09:52 PM, said:
Please excuse my poor wording. I tried to summarize and when reading through it now, it seems I did not clearly give the two scenarios he worked out. In Monbiot's words-
Or, using Meinshausen's figure, we can burn only 33% between now and 2050. Sorry - 33% minus however much we have burnt between 2000 and today.
Have you had a chance to look over the figures he is using for his calculations? Do they correspond well with what you have found?
The two Nature articles which led Monbiot to quantify what portion of current reserves we can use before we hit the 2oC over pre-industrial temperature mark can be found here:
Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne
Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C
If I am reading this correctly, the world "spent" 1/4 (1/6 for 50% chance of exceeding 2oC warming) of its 50 year carbon dioxide budget in the first 6 years of this century. By now we should be about half way through that budget. Of course, I am not even qualified to give an educated opinion on the subject, but it looks like these two papers paint a more dire picture than the IPCC graph you posted.
Posted 30 April 2011 - 02:07 AM
1. Nuclear Power
2. Compressed Natural Gas
3. Biomass
4. Geothermal Power
5. Radiant Energy
Posted 14 May 2011 - 11:02 AM
modest, on 12 April 2011 - 09:52 PM, said:
The IPCC summary of climate models introduces several scenarios for future CO2 production. Scenario B1 assumes that fossil fuel use will peak around 2050 then decline to today's levels for some time to come. here is a graph.
If emission levels increase, then level out at roughly the level they are at today, then we would expect temperatures to follow the blue line:
But, how likely is that? How likely, given oil production, is it that we will be consuming current levels in 2100? According to that graph we will be using levels from the early 1900's.
I realize that coal and oil are not the only CO2 producers. But, still, it's hard to take these models seriously when they assume something that's impossible and it's hard to get worried about emissions when a major source of emissions is limited and quite-nearly past the point of usefulness.
I very well could be wrong. I've spent more than a little time debating climate science on this site and others, but that doesn't make me an expert. There is either something major that I'm missing or this really is much to do about nothing.
I did some rough calculations based on the above figures [Meinhausen] and it seems we need to limit emissions to less than 5GtC/yr., for the next 40 years, if we are to limit temperature rise to <2 degrees C.
We are currently emitting over 8GtC/yr., I think, and we are on track to continue exceeding the A1 scenario, which --while not on the above IPCC graph-- is plotted with a steeper slope, above the A2 scenario.
I think we are on track to be emitting 12-13 GtC/yr by 2020. This will create a peak of over 1200 ppm by 2050 [I'll try to recheck those numbers], and is suggested to lead to a 6 degree C rise (~11 F) by 2100.
I agree that economic pressures will curtail carbon emissions as the 2020's and 2030's unfold, but that puts us way beyond any hope of moderating climate change and keeping it within normal geologic parameters. Do you see economic pressures limiting emission more than that, or much sooner than that?
...and Nature is just God's way of maximizing Entropy.
Posted 20 May 2011 - 10:12 PM
JMJones0424, on 12 April 2011 - 10:06 PM, said:
I meant to research the topic before responding, but I've been up to my eyeballs in work and haven't had time so please take everything with a grain of salt...
I think I misunderstood previously both by what Monbiot meant by 'reserves' and the 2 degree rise in temp which would mean 2 degrees over pre-industrial levels. I remember reading somewhere that anthropogenic causes have increased global temps by nearly one degree since the industrial revolution. The IPCC graph looks like it supports that and it would also support the idea that a further one degree rise is quite possible by 2100.
The thing that I find rather unconvincing about the link is the idea that the rate of CO2 emission is not a major factor in the total warming. It says "we can burn, at most, another 400-500 billion tonnes of carbon at any time between now and the extinction of humanity..."
According to wikipedia, half of yearly anthropogenic CO2 emissions are sequestered* in the carbon cycle. I would tend to think that there is a rate of co2 emissions below which we should not expect a net increase of global average temperatures, otherwise there would be an additive increase in global temps every time a volcano erupted or there was a forest fire... perpetually so to speak.
Nonetheless, we're emitting way above that rate so I guess it's currently a rather moot point.
The question I guess is if the fossil fuel market will crash before, after, or right around the time we hit another degree or so of global warming. I would guess, by looking at the data, that we have another decade or two. Not sure where that leaves us...
Personally, I think the greatest incentive to lowering fossil fuel production is to lessen the effect of the oil and coal market crashes themselves. I mean... how could this not scare the hell out of anyone:
The global economy is mainly supported by something that is very quickly coming to an end. The more gradual the adaptation to renewable energy the better.
Posted 20 May 2011 - 10:43 PM
Essay, on 14 May 2011 - 11:02 AM, said:
Looking at http://www.energybul....net/node/52460 and similar forecasts, I think the global market would be extremely lucky, if not miraculous, to supply that kind of growth.
Posted 25 May 2011 - 06:45 PM
modest, on 20 May 2011 - 10:43 PM, said:
We can hope. That will keep the increase in CO2 constant, so the increased effect on climate would be limited to (a global average of) around 3 degrees C.
...and Nature is just God's way of maximizing Entropy.
Posted 05 July 2011 - 12:15 AM
It is about the price being right for the incredibly convenient liquid fuel market. I support electric cars charged on clean renewable and/or GenIV nuclear power. Indeed, I really support the New Urbanists designing city plans that drastically reduce the need for cars in the first place! But what about jets? What about larger trucks and harvesters? Liquid fuels are incredibly convenient for these larger markets, and I can see us turning to non-coventional fuels like CTL (Coal-to-liquids) and GTL if peak oil really starts to bite... so my guess is we need to keep the pressure on the Climate Activists to keep doing their thang!
But it certainly is my favourite comeback to anti-climate Denialists. "What do we do when we RUN OUT of coal"? Even the world coal institute says we'll RUN OUT in 119 years. (Not sure if Underground Coal Gasification is factored into that equation). But as you know long before a resource RUNS OUT, at about the HALF WAY mark, it peaks, and we move from increasing amounts of CHEAP resource to DECREASING production of EVER MORE EXPENSIVE resource.
So when does peak coal hit? That's the question! And people like the DOE's Robert Hirsch recommend we move from oil to coal-to-liquids programs! Yeah, riiight. (Move from one vanishing resource to another? Hmmmm. Questionable logic).
I say we go down the baseload GenIV nuclear pathway RIGHT NOW and let GE build out their S-PRISM prototype and then factory. Then they will EAT nuclear waste and solve global warming and peak oil and our nuclear waste problem all in one hit!
(I also love the idea of New Urbanism, Village Towns, and other low-energy walkable modern city plans. Watch this 2009 TED talk on Village Towns, only 20 minutes. You'll get a buzz! EDIT: Actually, only watch the 20 minute TED talk if you're in a rush, instead watch the one UNDER that that goes for 40 minutes. Download it to your hard-drive to watch. It starts off slow and a little incomprehensible with the old guy, but you can fast forward through his speech if you wish.)
See TED talk over on right.
Just another burnt out peak oil activist amazed that our governments haven't mandated the move to nuclear powered electric transport. :eek_big:


text:
We just finished up a week long sprint on Persistence, a qualifying entry for Red Bull's Creation 2013 event (http://creation.redbullusa.com).
Persistance is a six foot long robotic arm that houses 96 ultraviolet LEDs. This arm hovers over a ten foot by ten foot canvas coated in glow-in-the-dark paint. Users are able to login to our website, www.mblabs-persistence.com, create a drawing, and then watch a live stream of the machine recreating their composition.
posted 05 May, 2013
posted 15 March, 2012
Working on a project to visualize graffiti removal in Chicago. Just finished up getting the data in from the city. Not the final product by any means, but it's nice to see the data getting parsed properly.
posted 04 September, 2011
Harvey and I speaking at Club Workshop in Denver. Count how many times I say "Um"!
posted 29 May, 2011
Follow on Twitter

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"I ordered these invites for my dad's 60th birthday party and they are perfect. Very classy with a clean, simple, yet sophisticated design. All of the information is easy to see and they are beautifully different than any other invites I have ever sent out."
"I love this card! Quick shipment as always by Tiny Prints Everyone who received it gave me rave reviews and said how cute the card was. Very preppy and cute....excellent paper quality and fun design"


text:
3/4 inch hail in the area of Snider High School the night of 8-24-2011. This is one of the pieces that had bounced onto my front porch so I didn't have to get pelted to pick some up.
Hail storm 8-24-2011
This story is inappropriate and should be flagged for moderation. Please choose from one of the following options:


text:
Coupons can not be applied to all brands, in some cases our agreements with manufacturers do not allow the use of Cymax coupons. If you have tried to apply a coupon to your cart, it could be that the manufacturer has chosen to restrict retailers from offering coupons for their products.
In other cases, the coupon you are trying to apply may have a price or category restriction, or both. Coupons from cymax.com have an expiry and many can only be used on certain products or categories.
Please note that coupons do not apply on past purchases. Coupons also do not apply on Buy At Your Price, the bidding option for customers to "make offer" for an item.
For more information about coupons, please call us toll free 866-740-9830, and talk to an expert.
Welcome to your new office. For doing your job well, you've earned the freedom and means to express your personal taste. Milano 2 appeals to your practical side and looks good doing it. The Bush Milano 2 Line Harvest Cherry or Golden Anigre 72"W Double Pedestal Desk functional bow front provides a comfortable place for visitors to sit. 72"W Double Pedestal Kneespace Credenza two lockable file drawers hold all-size files. Tall 72"W Overhead cabinet's flip-up doors with lid-stay hinges remain open and in place. Work-in-progress storage compartments are open and accessible with wooden paper storage trays. Full-width fabric covered tack board holds notes, pictures and more. 36"W 2-Drawer Lateral File Accommodates letter- legal-or A4-size files. 36"W Storage Cabinet adds extra space for everything from books to office supplies. Two 36"W Bookcase Overheads with Glass Doors are custom-fitted to the Lateral File or Storage Cabinets. Offer one adjustable shelf for flexible storage of all-sized books, manuals and more. Framed glass doors, secured with European-style, self-closing and adjustable hinges, attractively conceal binders, office supplies or personal mementos. Levelers adjust for uneven floors providing exceptional stability. Sleek extruded aluminum door pulls are contemporary. Diamond Coat® top surface resists scratches, abrasions and stains. Durable edge banding resists collisions and dents. Includes Bush limited Lifetime warranty.
Simply fill out the form below to let your friend now about :


text:
It was easy to cut and shape. It has been on my tank now for a few months and is still holding.
(7) | ||
4.4 out of 5 stars |
5 star | 4 | |
4 star | 2 | |
3 star | 1 | |
2 star | 0 | |
1 star | 0 |
Overall |
It was easy to cut and shape. It has been on my tank now for a few months and is still holding.
Overall |
Purchased and installed this heat shield after painting bike. Edges dont have much adhesive and will come up. Make sure surface is clean and free of Oil and dust as this will not stick if its not.
Overall |
Great and easy to manipulate. I used it for my track bike 07 Suzuki Gsxr 600, and put it on the belly pan of Armour Bodies race body. I ran bike on a stand and check for body temp. stayed cool to the touch even when the thermostat kicked in at 220* Side note -I have aftermarket headers on as well
Overall |
This is a good replacement for the factory heat protection under the exhaust side number plate. The 12 x 24in sheet was just the right amount for the whole number plate. I almost ordered the 12 x 12in sheet which would not have been enough. Cutting it to fit is easy, just takes a few minutes. I am not sure about the durability yet. The factory stuff didn't last any time when using a power washer. Based on looks and install time I give it 4 stars.
Overall |
Great product for keeping parts of your machine cool. New or old this stuff can really help you out. Helps keep your gas from boiling in the tank on long or hot days which increases performance, protects plastics from the heat of the engine and exhaust, and you can just cut and stick it anywhere. I have some on my cannondale quad next to the exhaust and on the bottom of the tank, kx250f tank, and on my Aprilia sxv.
Overall |
Very nice tape for use around exhaust pipe/canister. I have an undertail exhaust and installed it under the entire inner fender. It forms very nicely to uneven surfaces and stays intact.
Overall |
Very good at deflecting heat! saves you from melting your plastic and great to put on gas tank to help keep from boiling!
Total Questions | (3) |
Questions with answers: | |
3 | |
Questions without answers: | |
0 |


text:
Appliance Pulls
Appliance Pulls
Add a distinctive designer touch to your kitchen with appliance pulls from KnobDeco.com. With almost 2000+ appliance pulls available, you can surly find one in the style, size, and finish you are looking for. KnobDeco.com offers appliance pulls from in 3" to 24" center to center lengths in all of today's most popular finishes including satin nickel, oil rubbed bronze, chrome, polished brass, stainless steel, rust and more. Appliance pulls from KnobDeco.com are available in dozens of styles from traditional to contemporary to match your interior design. With KnobDeco.com's brand collection filtering options you can easily find matching cabinet pulls and knobs from each brand. Differentiate your kitchen be ordering a set of high quality appliance pulls today from KnobDeco.com
Alno Inc.
Alno Creations Appliance Pull-A1236 D Polished Chrome D113-Ap-Pc
SKU# : AL-D113-AP-PCMSRP$119.95Discount Price$107.96 -
Siro Designs
Siro Designs 279mm Nuevo Classico Appliance Pull In Antique Black
SKU# : Siro-43-396-APMSRP$92.40Discount Price$73.92


text:
Quick Facts
- NAME: Jackie Robinson
- OCCUPATION: Baseball Player
- BIRTH DATE: January 31, 1919
- DEATH DATE: October 24, 1972
- Did You Know?: Before becoming a professional baseball player, Jackie Robinson played football for the Honolulu Bears.
- Did You Know?: While serving as a lieutenant for the U.S. Army in 1944, Jackie Robinson was court-martialed after refusing to move to the back of a segregated bus. He was ultimately acquitted.
- Did You Know?: Before offering Jackie Robinson the contract that integrated professional baseball, Branch Rickey personally tested Robinson's reactions to racial slurs and insults that he anticipated.
- Did You Know?: Jackie Robinson became the first black player in the major leagues in 1947, signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
- Did You Know?: Jackie Robinson had an older brother, Matthew, who won a silver medal in the 200-meter dash at the 1936 Olympics. He came in second to Jesse Owens.
- Did You Know?: After retiring from baseball, Robinson helped establish the African American-owned and -controlled Freedom Bank.
- EDUCATION: John Muir High School, Pasadena Junior College, University of California, Los Angeles
- PLACE OF BIRTH: Cairo, Georgia
- PLACE OF DEATH: Stamford, Connecticut
- Originally: Jack Roosevelt Robinson
Best Known For
Jackie Robinson became the first black player in the major leagues in 1947, signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was named Rookie of the Year in 1947, National League MVP in 1949 and a World Series champ in 1955.
Videos see all videos
Jackie Robinson - Full Episode (22:48)
Jackie Robinson - Breaking Barriers
Watch a short video about Jackie Robinson and the many barriers he faced as Major League Baseball's first African-American player.
Jackie Robinson - Changing Major League Baseball
Jackie Robinson broke many boundaries as one of the greatest players in Brooklyn Dodger and Major League Baseball history.
Jackie Robinson - Mini Biography
While serving in the military, Jackie Robinson was arrested for refusing to move to the back of a segregated bus. In 1947, he made history when his debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers ended racial segregation in Major League Baseball.
Jackie Robinson - Full Episode
In his quest for excellence and equality, all-star athlete Jackie Robinson shatters the barriers of racism to become the first black baseball player to play in the major leagues.
Photos see all photos
Think you know about Biography?
Answer questions and see how you rank against other players.
Play NowJackie Robinson. (2014). The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 05:57, Mar 12, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813.
Jackie Robinson. [Internet]. 2014. The Biography Channel website. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813 [Accessed 12 Mar 2014].
"Jackie Robinson." 2014. The Biography Channel website. Mar 12 2014, 05:57 http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813.
"Jackie Robinson," The Biography Channel website, 2014, http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813 [accessed Mar 12, 2014].
"Jackie Robinson," The Biography Channel website, http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813 (accessed Mar 12, 2014).
Jackie Robinson [Internet]. The Biography Channel website; 2014 [cited 2014 Mar 12] Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813.
Jackie Robinson, http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813 (last visited Mar 12, 2014).
Jackie Robinson. The Biography Channel website. 2014. Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813. Accessed Mar 12, 2014.
Born January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, Jackie Robinson became the first black player in the major leagues in 1947, signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Throughout his decade-long career with the Dodgers, Robinson made advancements in the cause of civil rights for black athletes. In 1955, he helped the Dodgers win the World Series. He retired in 1957 with a career batting average of .311. Robinson died in Connecticut in 1972.
"There's not an American in this country free until every one of us is free."
"The way I figured it, I was even with baseball and baseball with me. The game had done much for me, and I had done much for it."
"A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives."
"Baseball is like a poker game. Nobody wants to quit when he's losing; nobody wants you to quit when you're ahead."
"Not being able to fight back is a form of severe punishment."
"A black man, even after he has proven himself on and off the playing field, will still be denied his rights."
"I'm grateful for all the breaks and honors and opportunities I've had, but I always believe I won't have it made until the humblest black kid in the most remote backwoods of America has it made."
"I had learned that I was in two wars, one against the foreign enemy, the other against prejudice at home."
"I want to thank all of the people throughout this country who were just so wonderful during those trying days."
"I like friends just as much as other people. But if it comes down to the question of having a choice between the friendship of some of these writers and their respect, I'll take their respect."
"I'm going to be tremendously pleased and more proud when I look at the third base coaching line one day and see a black face managing in baseball."
"Black America has asked so little, but if you can't see the anger that comes from rejection, you are treading a dangerous course."
"If I had to choose tomorrow between the Baseball Hall of Fame and full citizenship for my people I would choose full citizenship time and again."
"[B]ack in the days when integration wasn't fashionable, he underwent the trauma and the humiliation and the loneliness which comes with being a pilgrim walking the lonesome byways toward the high road of freedom. He was a sit-inner before the sit-ins, a freedom rider before the freedom rides."
"The right of every American to first-class citizenship is the most important issue of our time."
"Above anything else, I hate to lose."
Early Life
Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia. Breaking the color barrier, Jackie Robinson became the first African-American to play in baseball's major leagues. The youngest of five children, Robinson was raised in relative poverty by a single mother. He attended John Muir High School and Pasadena Junior College, where he was an excellent athlete and played four sports: football, basketball, track, and baseball. He was named the region's Most Valuable Player in baseball in 1938.
Robinson's older brother, Matthew Robinson, inspired Jackie to pursue his talent and love for athletics. Matthew won a silver medal in the 200-meter dash—just behind Jesse Owens—at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin.
Jackie continued his education at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he became the university's first student to win varsity letters in four sports. In 1941, despite his athletic success, Robinson was forced to leave UCLA just shy of graduation due to financial hardship. He moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he played football for the semi-professional Honolulu Bears. His season with the Bears was cut short when the United States entered into World War II.
From 1942 to 1944, Robinson served as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He never saw combat, however. During boot camp in 1944 in Fort Hood, Texas, Robinson was arrested and court-martialed after refusing to give up his seat and move to the back of a segregated bus when ordered to by the driver. Robinson's excellent reputation, combined with the united efforts of friends, the NAACP and various black newspapers, shed public light on the injustice, and he was ultimately acquitted of the charges and received an honorable discharge. His courage and moral objection to segregation were precursors to the impact Robinson would have in major league baseball.
Breaking the Color Barrier
After his discharge from the Army in 1944, Robinson began to play baseball professionally. At the time, the sport was segregated, and African-Americans and whites played in separate leagues. Robinson began playing in the Negro Leagues, but he was soon chosen by Branch Rickey, president of the Brooklyn Dodgers, to help integrate major league baseball. He joined the all-white Montreal Royals, a farm team for the Brooklyn Dodgers, in 1946. Robinson later moved to Florida to begin spring training with the Royals, and played his first game in Ebbets Field for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947—becoming the first black player to compete in the major leagues.
Study Guides
View study guides about Jackie Robinson and other famous figures. Learn biographical facts, get activity ideas, discussion questions and more.
profile name: Jackie Robinson profile occupation:
Your Connections
Sign in with Facebook to see how you and your friends are connected to famous icons.
Black History People
Black History Groups
Learn more about the lives of African-Americans who have made extraordinary achievements in their fields, with our collection of Black History Groups.
Explore our curated collections of African-American figures, including:
Black History Videos
Black History Videos
Watch videos about how famous figures such as Harriet Tubman, Martin Luther King Jr. and Jackie Robinson changed American history. See all videos.
American Freedom Stories
Check out BIO's original video series, American Freedom Stories, about the historic events of the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama, and the leaders and everyday heroes who fought to make racial equality a reality. Watch videos.
Profile Connections
Included In These Groups
Famous Lookalikes
Sometimes your mug isn't as original as you'd like it be. Considering there are over 7 billion people on this earth, someone's bound to be your doppelganger, and these historical figures and celebrities prove just that.
Explore our Famous Lookalikes' pictures and see whom we think are spittin' images of each other.
Famous Lookalikes 131 people in this group
Celebrity Enlistees
Hollywood stars often get flack for their extravagant lifestyles, and sometimes they seem to be far removed from the rest of us. Not so for all celebrities, though—a surprising number of stars have taken on the big responsibility of serving in the United States Armed Forces. We know them as actors, athletes, musicians, and comedians, but these brave individuals have actually put their lives on the line for their country. Here's a look at celebrity enlistees.
Celebrity Enlistees 84 people in this group
African-American Firsts: Athletes
Who was the first African-American boxing champ? How about World Cycling champ? Who was the first African-American to win an Olympic gold medal? What year did Jackie Robinson break baseball's color barrier? Who was Althea Gibson and what first did she achieve? Detail our collection of pioneering African-American athletes for the answers to these and many more questions, and explore our African-American Firsts: Athletes photos gallery.
African-American Firsts: Athletes 37 people in this group


text:
It's a hideous moment. You return to your car, van or motorbike to find a parking ticket on the windscreen or a clamp on the wheel. That's if you haven't been towed away.
This is a step-by-step guide to appealing against unfair parking fines, including free template letters. Out of roughly 15,400 motorists who went all the way to the official, independent appeals body in 2012/2013, 50% won.
While every efforts been made to ensure this articles accuracy, it doesnt constitute legal advice tailored to your individual circumstances. If you act on it, you acknowledge that you do so at your own risk. We cant assume responsibility and dont accept liability for any damage or loss which may arise as a result of your reliance upon it.
Also see:
Parking Ticket Appeal Successes,
Parking Ticket Appeal Discussions
Quick dos and don'ts before you start
DON'T assume every ticket is unfair
The parking laws are in place for safety and to help traffic flow, and should benefit us all. Yet mistakes happen, whether it's an unclear sign, technology faults, overzealous parking attendants or just an honest error. The aim of this guide is to prevent you being out of pocket when most reasonable people would think the ticket is unfair.
If you've blocked a school gate, parked on a zig-zag, or caused a huge traffic backlog by taking a break on a red route, sorry - there's no sympathy here, and this guide isn't intended to help. Even if it did, you'd have little chance of success.
DO check who your ticket's from
Parking tickets can be both from official bodies, such as local councils and the police, or private companies. This guide is about official tickets. If you were ticketed on private land (eg, a supermarket car park or a private road) it's likely to be a private ticket, so please read the Reclaim Private Parking Tickets guide.
Some private companies try to make their tickets look as much like official ones as possible, calling them PCNs (the term used by councils) or using chequered lines. Yet if it doesn't state the council or police force's name, it's a private ticket.
DON'T assume the driver's responsible
Official tickets are the responsibility of the vehicle's registered owner, not the driver, unless issued to hire cars. If youve got a ticket while in a hire car, hire firms can either send you the payment demand or pay the ticket themselves and send you a bill, plus an admin fee. So if you you've got a ticket whilst driving a hire car and want to appeal against it, let the hire firm know.
DO act immediately
If you get a ticket you think is unfair, you need to act immediately, especially if you and your car are still in situ. This is both so you can gather evidence and because fines increase if you don't deal with them quickly. Most importantly...
Unless your car's been clamped or towed away, DON'T pay the ticket if you plan to appeal, as it's admitting liability.
DO print our Glove Box Parking Guide
Our printable A4 guide is packed full of tips on what to do if you're ticketed and how to avoid tickets by parking right in the first place. Print and keep in your glove box in case of the dreaded moment when a ticket's slapped on your windscreen, or worse, your car's clamped or been towed.
Should you appeal?
Usually, pay the fine within 14 days and it's half price. For further info, check out typical parking fines and the costs if you don't pay.
Even if an appeal's unsuccessful, you're often still allowed to pay at the half-price rate within 14 days of the rejection, although this isn't guaranteed. Help the chances of this by clearly asking for the fine to be put on hold in your appeal letter.
The chances of success
If you get all the way to the last, independent tribunal stage, the success rate is 50%. This means if you believe in the justice of your cause, you've a chance, but it can be a slog. Here are a few examples to give you inspiration (also read about Martin's appeal success on his blog).
MSE Guy had parked in his usual residents' parking bay. No problem normally, except this day a sign had been placed quite a distance up the road to say it was suspended for a few days. The road name it gave was incorrect, rendering the sign invalid. Guy's appeal was rejected by his local council twice. But at the Independent Tribunal stage, the council didn't bother to put up a defence and it was uncontested, so he won.
MoneySaver JWF: "I got a PCN issued by my council in July 2008 and my first appeal was rejected. I heard nothing for a long time, then just before Xmas I received the Notice to Owner, some five months after the original ticket was issued. I made formal representations in January 2009 and the ticket was overturned, due to a 'procedural error', a few weeks later."
Gathering evidence
Don't waste any time. All your evidence should be contemporaneous to reflect the situation when you got your ticket. Gather as much evidence as possible, as without it, winning an appeal is more difficult.
Of course, if your car isn't there when you get back, you first need to establish whether it's been towed or stolen. Contact your local police or the firm that owns the car park, if it's parked on private land. In London, call Trace, the 24-hour car locating service run by London Councils, on 0845 206 8 602.
Take photographs
If you can, photograph the scene, if it'll help explain your argument. Don't worry about the type of camera, even a mobile phone picture will do, providing it's clear. Things to photograph include:
- Road signs. Any unclear signs such as suspended bay signs or residents' parking signs.
- Road markings. Any unclear bay markings or yellow/red lines.
- Lack of signs/markings. Areas without signs or markings you believe should be there.
- Your car. If you're disputing where you were alleged to have parked, take a picture of your car and capture the immediate area around your car.
- The meter. If you were parked in a paid-for bay, keep your ticket or take a photo of the meter if it still registers the time your paid-for parking expired.
Gather the paperwork
Any documentary evidence you can gather is also useful. Sometimes this can be tricky to get, but everything that proves your part of the story is helpful. This includes:
- Proof of mitigating circumstances
Keep anything relevant. Examples include travel documents if bays were suspended when you were on holiday, a death certificate if you've had a bereavement, a doctor's note if you were ill or the ticket/permit if it fell off. Read a list of further possible mitigating circumstances. - Crime reference number
If your vehicle was stolen, include a crime reference number and any correspondence from the police. - Witness statements
If anyone will corroborate your story, get their details and ask them to sign a statement. For example, if it was impossible to see the signs or you were loading or unloading goods from your car and you stayed within the rules. For more details on parking rules, read the How To Park Right guide. - Keep copies of all correspondence
Appeals can sometimes drag on, so keep the ticket and any correspondence safe.
If your vehicle's been clamped or towed away
There's no definition of a ticketable, clampable or a towable offence. Generally speaking, it's purely down to the discretion of the officials on patrol at the time. So, any offence worthy of a ticket can result in your vehicle having a lump of metal attached to its wheel or being removed.
Again, if you've returned to your car and it isn't there, the first thing to establish is whether it's been towed or stolen. The local police or the firm that owns the car park, if parked on private land, should be able to help. In London, call Trace, the 24-hour car locating service run by the capital's borough councils, on 0845 206 8 602.
Don't delay
Whether you've been clamped or towed away, you need to pay to get your vehicle back. Here, paying DOESN'T count as an admission of guilt so you can still appeal. One word of warning though: don't try to remove the clamp yourself. That's classed as criminal damage and is also likely to damage your vehicle.
If a vehicle is clamped and you ignore it, it can get moved to the car pound within hours, meaning you pay towing fees plus clamp release costs and the ticket charge.
If your vehicle's in the car pound, for every day it's left there, the cost to get it back rockets. If you don't collect it, it will eventually be destroyed, meaning further costs.
When you collect your vehicle from the pound, take your driving licence (counterpart and photocard), the vehicle registration document and a utility bill with your address on it.
Beware tickets that come through the post
Regulations brought in during 2008 mean you can get a ticket through the post in England and Wales, if caught on CCTV.
This makes it more difficult to gather evidence for an appeal because the 'contravention' would have taken place days before. The only plus side is that you have 21 days if caught on CCTV, instead of the usual 14 days, to pay at the reduced rate.
If you can't afford to pay
If you can't pay the fine, it will end up as a court debt like any other. This will NOT go on your credit file, as the judgment won't be from a civil court.
If your car has been towed away and you can't afford to pay, you'll need to negotiate. Technically, there is no leeway and eventually your car will be crushed and you'll still be liable for all the charges, though kind-hearted officials may help. If not, urgently contact Citizens Advice for help.
How to appeal against parking fines
The appeal process is in place so that you can fight your corner if you believe the fine is unfair. You have a right to appeal, whether you think the council got it wrong, or you broke the rules due to mitigating circumstances. Some tips and rules before you start:
- You can't appeal if you've paid the fine
Paying the fine is considered an admission of liability. However, if you've been clamped or towed away you have to pay to get your motor released, after which you can appeal. -
The appeal can take a couple of months
How long it takes depends on who issued the ticket. There can be three stages to the appeal: an informal appeal; formal appeal; and if all else fails, an appeal to the independent adjudicator. - Most people have nothing to lose in the first stage
Those who make an informal appeal within two weeks and lose it will usually have a further 14 days to pay the ticket at the reduced rate. So you'll lose nothing by making that first appeal, although this isn't guaranteed. - Stick rigidly to the timeline
Stick to the deadlines or you'll lose by default. Don't worry if the council, police or adjudicator take a while to respond. During that time, the appeal's effectively frozen. This means any time period you need to abide by begins from the date on the reply. - Submit full evidence at each stage
Ensure you submit full evidence at each appeal stage. There'll always be a different official dealing with it, who will often have no idea what you've previously sent.
Don't miss out on updates to this guide Get MoneySavingExpert's free, spam-free weekly email full of guides & loopholes
Step 1. Work out who issued the ticket
(or clamped/towed your vehicle)
There are four different issuers of parking tickets and the appeals procedure operates separately with each. The biggest difference is whether they operate under civil or criminal law.
If it's criminal, don't fret that you'll be branded a convict. As long as you pay it on time or win your appeal you won't encounter any legal problems or get a criminal record. Criminal tickets are more difficult to successfully appeal against though.
The four types of agency are:
1. Local authorities
Local authorities issue tickets under civil or criminal law. It's crucial you know which type yours is:
- Civil tickets from councils: Penalty Charge Notices
If you get a ticket from a council, in the vast majority of cases it's enforceable under civil rather than criminal law. This is good news as the appeal process is easier.
This ticket is called a Penalty Charge Notice (PCN) and will be issued by a Civil Enforcement Officer, as parking wardens are correctly known, either on the street or in council-run car parks.
Read more information about which councils use civil parking enforcement. - Criminal law tickets from councils: Excess Charge Notices
A few councils don't use civil systems. They issue tickets called Excess Charge Notices in council-run car parks.
You can identify such a ticket if it clearly states it is issued by a local authority and quotes the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.
Now jump to Step 2: Grounds for appeal and follow the relevant civil or criminal path.
2. Transport for London: Penalty Charge Notices
In London, busy roads with either single or double red lines (red routes) are controlled by Transport for London, which also issues Penalty Charge Notices (PCNs) under civil regulations.
If it's from TfL it'll say so prominently at the top of the ticket. If this is you, jump to Step 2: Grounds for appeal and follow the civil path.
3. The police: Fixed Penalty Notices
Penalties for some specific offences are issued by the police under criminal law and are called Fixed Penalty Notices.
It's also possible that if your vehicle's parked in an area where the council doesn't operate a civil regime, then police-appointed traffic wardens will issue on-street tickets too. The ticket should state the name of the police force and quote The Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.
Jump to Step 2: Grounds for appeal and follow the criminal path.
4. Private companies
Parking in a private car park, such as a supermarket or shopping centre, is slightly different. This is enforced under contract law and tickets are issued by private firms, which can be either the landowner or an agent that controls parking areas.
There are no set regulations to determine what the ticket looks like but it should carry the name of the firm which issued it. If the name of a local authority or police isn't present, assume it's a private ticket. In that case, go to the dedicated guide: Reclaim Private Parking Tickets.
Step 2: The grounds for appeal
The grounds for appeal differ, depending whether yours is a ticket under civil or criminal law.
- The civil system
The appeal grounds and procedures to follow are consistently laid out. They're detailed in full below. - The criminal system
Criminal rules can vary. So check your council's website, or if the police issued a ticket, call the number listed, to make sure you know the rules. In general, it's worth reading the civil guidelines below as the same principles usually apply.
Where procedures differ, it's usually about the levels of fines, timescales and any correspondence you receive.
The grounds for appeal for civil penalties
There are eight official grounds for appealing against a ticket and eight for clamping and being towed. Don't get too worried, they're mainly in place for the council or adjudicator's benefit. If you pick the wrong box on the form, they'll just allocate you to the correct one.
They can exercise discretion, so appeal even if you don't fit into a category. In particular, if there are mitigating circumstances to explain why you parked 'illegally', councils should listen to them.
I've focused on the rules for England and Wales. It's by and large the same in Scotland and Northern Ireland, with only minor differences. For precise info, call the Scottish Parking Appeals Service on 0131 221 0409 (it has no website) or go to the NI Traffic Penalty Tribunal site. The Citizens Advice website also has some useful info on the process in Scotland.
The eight grounds for appealing against parking tickets
Most people will fall into the first category.
Click here to see them all
If you've been clamped or towed away, read the relevant grounds in the dropdown box below.
The contravention did not occur.
In plain English: The traffic warden or council got it wrong.
This is the one most people fall into, as it covers unclear signs or markings. Classic examples are when signs or markings have faded, are blocked by trees or other objects, have been tampered with, or when signs or road markings contradict each other or are ambiguous. It also covers instances when an over-zealous traffic warden incorrectly plonked a ticket on the windscreen.
For more details on parking rules, read the How To Park Right guide and the news section on the AppealNow website (AppealNow also charges a fee of £11.99 upwards to appeal for you, but you don't need to do this to read its news pages).
Additionally, this applies to those who were buying a pay and display ticket, or who were on the way to buy a ticket when their car was ticketed. However, if you bought your parking ticket, for example, 10 minutes after the penalty was issued, you are unlikely to win. We're only talking about a few minutes here.
The penalty exceeded the amount applicable in the circumstances of the case.
In plain English: You were overcharged.
The cost should be no more than the standard charges. See the charges list to check.
The relevant Traffic Regulation Order (TRO) is invalid.
In plain English: They added a new restriction, eg, a yellow line, and didn't follow proper procedures in doing so.
It's unlikely you'll ever appeal under this ground. When applying a new parking restriction, the council must follow certain procedures such as consulting upon its proposed changes. If it has not followed the correct procedures, only then can this ground come into play.
There has been a procedural impropriety by the council.
In plain English: The council made an administrative error.
This applies when councils have failed to include all the required information on their tickets or 'Notice to Owner' letters, which renders the charge invalid. If you've been unfairly fined, this is a useful tactic to ensure your appeal wins.
According to the sexily-named Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions General Regulations (2007), there's a list of information that must be contained and accurate on a civil Penalty Charge Notice. See the full list (there's a slightly different list for posted tickets).
In all cases, a council must respond within 56 days of receiving your formal appeal, otherwise the penalty is unenforceable.
The appellant did not own the vehicle when the alleged contravention occurred.
In plain English: You were not the owner when the 'offence' took place.
If the previous owner committed the offence you need to prove you were not the owner at the time, which your log book or dealer/showroom receipt will show. If you sold the car before the contravention occurred, then you'll need to send copies of the receipt of sale, and proof that you informed the DVLA.
The owner is a vehicle hire firm and the vehicle was on hire under a qualifying hiring agreement.
This only applies to hire firms, and is beyond the scope of this guide.
The vehicle was taken without the owner's consent.
In plain English: Your vehicle was stolen and the thief committed the offence.
If your vehicle is stolen, not lent to someone, and the thief parks illegally, the ticket can be waived if you can prove it was stolen. To do this, you need to have reported the incident to the police.
The penalty's already been paid (i) in full; or (ii) at the discount rate and in time.
In plain English: You've paid the relevant fine in time, so it shouldn't have been increased.
If you made a genuine attempt to pay but the council hasn't received your money, then gather any evidence that you paid on time. If the money has left your account use your credit card or bank statement as evidence.
If money hasn't yet left your account, you'll need to prove you attempted to pay within 14 days to earn the discount. You could also use cheque stubs, internet or phone records, or even the history page of your browser as evidence.
Once you've picked your ground to appeal, jump to Step 3: How to appeal. If none fit, read the mitigating circumstances section.
The eight grounds for appealing against parking tickets when you've been clamped or towed
Click here for the full list
The vehicle was not parked in circumstances in which a penalty was payable.
In plain English: The traffic warden or council got it wrong.
This is the one most people fall into as it covers wrong signs or markings. Classic examples are when signs or markings have faded, are blocked by trees or other objects, have been tampered with or when signs or road markings contradict each other or are ambiguous.
The council had no power to remove or clamp the vehicle.
In plain English: It shouldn't have clamped or towed your car.
If the ticket was issued because either there was no pay-and-display ticket displayed, or it was an expired pay-and-display ticket, the council must wait 30 minutes after serving the Penalty Charge Notice before clamping or towing you away. This is reduced to 15 minutes for anyone with three or more outstanding parking tickets.
The vehicle was taken without the owner's consent.
In plain English: Your vehicle was stolen and the thief committed the offence.
If your vehicle is stolen, not lent to someone, and the thief parks illegally, the ticket can be waived if you can prove it was stolen. To do this, you need to have reported the incident to the police.
The vehicle was not in a civil enforcement area for parking contraventions.
In plain English: You were clamped where the council had no jurisdiction.
If the vehicle was parked on land where the council had no right to enforce parking, eg, a private car park, then it shouldn't have clamped or towed you.
The penalty, release or storage charge exceeded the applicable amount.
In plain English: You were overcharged.
The cost should be no more than the standard charges. See the charges list to check.
There has been a procedural impropriety by the council.
In plain English: The council has made an administrative error.
Under those sexily-named Civil Enforcement of Parking Contraventions General Regulations (2007), again, the person fixing the clamp must also first issue a Penalty Charge Notice and obey the following three rules:
It must indicate you've been clamped. This should include a visible warning that no attempt should be made to drive it until it has been released from that device.
It must tell you how to get it unlocked.
It must warn you not to touch it. This means it should say that unlawful removal of an immobilisation device is an offence.
Plus it must follow the correct Penalty Charge Notice procedures. There's a list of information that must be contained and accurate on a civil Penalty Charge Notice. See the full list (there's a slightly different list for posted tickets).
No PCN was served before the vehicle was removed.
In plain English: You were towed away before a ticket was issued.
A current disabled person's badge was displayed on the vehicle (clamping only)
In plain English: This one's pretty understandable.
A valid disabled blue badge holder can't be clamped. Cars can be relocated to a safer place but should not be removed to the pound.
Once you've picked your ground for appeal, jump to Step 3: How to appeal. If none fit, read the mitigating circumstances section below.
Appeals based on mitigating circumstances
If you hold up your hands to parking illegally but believe there are mitigating circumstances why the penalty should be waived, you can still appeal. The Traffic Penalty Tribunal says councils must show discretion.
If possible, it can be a good idea to tell operators about any mitigating circumstances before you park, as this can avoid the rigmarole of having to appeal against a ticket.
Mitigating circumstances include issues of health (yours or others'), bereavement and motor breakdown. See a full list of typical mitigating circumstances.
In addition, you could also appeal under the following circumstances:
You were fined within three minutes of paid parking expiring
Some councils may offer an amnesty where you won't get a ticket within three minutes of the meter, pay and display, pay-by-phone or voucher parking paid-for period ending. It's mainly to cover instances where your watch and the traffic warden's don't match up.
Check with the council if it offers this amnesty. If it does, ask for the penalty to be waived as you were simply following its published guidelines. You may be able to find the rules on the council's website.
The penalty was too harsh towing or clamping only
It's possible to argue that getting towed or clamped is excessive and the resulting cost is unfair, and ask to pay only the Penalty Charge Notice value. Councils have been known to make partial refunds on this basis.
To help, check the PCN code to see whether the 'contravention' you committed is deemed a serious or less serious offence. While you've a better chance if it's a lower offence, even if not, there's no harm appealing as you've already paid, so you won't lose out financially.
You can't afford to pay
Technically, this is no defence. But you'll sometimes find a kind-hearted council worker who will let you off. Make sure you submit all financial evidence to highlight your plight.
With mitigating circumstances, like those above, it's really a question of the luck of the draw. It's up to the council whether it accepts your appeal, and some do have a heart. If these cases reach the adjudicator, it doesn't have power to cancel the ticket but can recommend the council cancels it, yet this isn't binding.
Once you've picked your ground on which to appeal, jump to Step 3: How to appeal.
Circumstances councils say you can't appeal against
There are some situations where you can't appeal, such as if there is nowhere to park, and in general trying will simply fail.
Yet if you strongly believe in the justice of your case and have the time, there's no harm trying, providing you don't lose the opportunity to pay at the reduced rate.
Some circumstances in which you generally can't appeal: See list.
Don't miss out on updates to this guide Get MoneySavingExpert's free, spam-free weekly email full of guides & loopholes
Step 3: How to appeal
Whatever form your appeal takes, there's a golden rule:
A human being will decide your appeal, so be friendly, but firm. Get rude or angry and you've less chance of success.
The appeal rules depend on your ticket type so ensure you read the right section below. We've included info for civil ticket appeals, criminal ticket appeals and police ticket appeals.
Your appeal will largely involve writing up to three separate letters, though the general content will usually be similar in each of them. So keep a copy of the first one safe, and just alter the introduction and any other points as necessary.
Ticket appeal process
Once you've read the steps above, you'll know which of the following appeals processes to follow.
Appealing against a civil parking penalty (Penalty Charge Notice)
This is a three-stage process
Click here for step-by-step info
This is a three-stage process, though hopefully you'll win early so it's all over. However, anecdotal evidence suggests some councils and authorities automatically reject first and second appeals, so you may need to pursue the matter all the way to the adjudicator.
I've focused on the rules in England and Wales below, although it's pretty similar in Scotland and Northern Ireland, with only minor differences. For precise info, call the Scottish Parking Appeals Service on 0131 221 0409 or go to the NI Traffic Penalty Tribunal site.
Stage 1. Make an informal appeal
This only applies to people who've had a Penalty Charge Notice stuck on their windscreen. If you were clamped, towed or had a ticket by post, there's no informal appeal procedure, so go straight to stage 2 below.
Write to the council
There should be an address, email address or fax number on the back of the ticket to challenge the penalty. Simply write to the council to explain why you think the charge was unfair.
As this is an informal process, there are no set grounds for appeal and no forms to fill out. Just send a letter. It's also worth checking your council's website, as some now allow you to send informal appeals via an online form. If you're not sure what to write, here's a template to help:
Submit all evidence to give yourself a greater chance of winning. Include your address, your vehicle registration number and the ticket (PCN) number. Some councils allow you to view any photographic evidence they have against you on their website.
Try to respond within 14 days
Get your letter in as soon as possible, preferably within the 14-day limit for paying a reduced fine, as then most councils allow you to pay this reduced rate even if they reject the appeal. However if you miss that, you do have 28 days to write in total.
If you've run out of time, you don't actually need to make an informal appeal. Failing to do so won't influence whether you successfully challenge the ticket later on, so in many circumstances there's no harm in trying.
What happens next?
If you win at this stage (which happens, but is generally rare) then HOORAH! If not, then you will need to move to the formal stage of appeal. At this point, there's an important warning:
Take it any further, and you lose your chance to pay at the reduced fee if the appeal fails.
Don't let this put you off carrying on, if you think you've a good case. Around 50% of the cases that get to the final appeal stage are successful. However, if you were taking a bit of a punt, best to stop now.
Stage 2. The formal appeal process
You will have got to this stage in one of four ways:
- You didn't make an informal appeal
If you ignored the ticket for the first 28 days, it's not too late to start your appeal. See the section below when the informal appeal is turned down, as the process will be the same. - The informal appeal was turned down
At this point the council sends a Notice to Owner form to the registered owner. This demands full fee payment, but is also a formal appeals form. Once you receive it you've 28 days to pay or appeal, or the penalty could increase by another 50% and you'll lose the chance to appeal. Full details of what this should include: Notice To Owner ticket requirements. - Posted tickets
The ticket should include a formal appeal form. If you appeal within 14 days, or 21 if caught by CCTV, you'll usually get the opportunity to pay the reduced rate if your appeal is rejected. In addition, where you're caught on CCTV you can ask for any photographs or other evidence the council uses against you to be posted or be allowed to view them at the council's office. Full details of what this should include: Posted parking ticket requirements. - If you were clamped or towed away
You'll get a form with the ticket, or from the pound, to appeal within 28 days. On it you'll need to state your personal details, the relevant ground(s) for appealing and an outline of your appeal.
Writing the appeal
Simply fill out the form stating all the details. The form should include a space for you to put the grounds for appeal, but it's easier to write a separate letter outlining your appeal to ensure you've enough space to get all your points across. Here's a template to help:
If you made an informal appeal, resend all the information as it may be read by someone else who may not have the original details. Some councils allow you to view any photographic evidence they have against you on their website. The council has 56 days to respond to a formal appeal or you win by default.
What happens next?
One of two things:
You win
If the council upholds your appeal, it'll write to you. HOORAY!
You go to the next stage
If it sends a Notice of Rejection of Representations letter, you'll then receive a form called a Notice of Appeal to challenge the ticket at an independent tribunal. At this point you will have lost the chance to pay at half price anyway, so there's no harm in continuing to the next stage.
In a tiny, tiny number of instances the independent tribunal can award costs to a council if it rejects your appeal and thinks you've made a "frivolous, vexatious or wholly unreasonable" appeal. For example, if you blatantly blocked a hospital entrance and are still appealing.
You need to submit the form within 28 days of receiving it. This date is deemed to be two working days after the letter's date.
Stage 3: Final appeal to the independent tribunal
Now, providing you've been through the processes above, there are four bodies which hear tribunals.
Don't be put off by the idea of going to the adjudicator. Actually, this is quite good news. First of all, it's an adjudicator appointed by government, not any council or authority, and is completely independent. And most importantly, to clear up any confusion...
It's free, it's not like a court hearing and you DON'T have to attend. It can be done by post, phone or online.
You do have the option of a personal hearing (and in some cases, a telephone hearing) if you'd like to explain yourself. But for most people, a written appeal will suffice as long as you supply the relevant evidence to support your case.
Which body carries out the appeal depends on where the incident happened:
- England and Wales (not London): Traffic Penalty Tribunal.
- Northern Ireland: Northern Ireland Traffic Penalty Tribunal.
- Scotland: The Scottish Parking Appeals Service, no website so call 0131 221 0409.
- London: The Parking and Traffic Appeals Service.
You'll get the relevant form to appeal from the council. Again, submit every last smidgen of relevant evidence as the adjudicator won't have seen any of the evidence you previously submitted. As with a formal appeal to the council, it's worth sending a separate letter attached to the form outlining your case. Here's a template to help:
What happens next?
If the appeal is made in person or on the phone, the adjudicator will normally tell you the decision there and then. Otherwise, you'll get a letter with the decision. There are four possible outcomes:
- You win. HOORAH!
- You lose. You need to pay the penalty within 28 days or the fine can increase by 50%.
- The appeal's adjourned. It's rare, but happens if the adjudicator requires further information.
- The appeal's dismissed but the adjudicator considers there are compelling reasons why the penalty should not be paid.
This is usually due to mitigating circumstances. The adjudicator can't force the council to waive the penalty but can ask it to. The council has 35 days to tell you and the adjudicator its decision. If it doesn't respond in time, you win by default.
Can you appeal again if you lose?
For 99.9% of those who lose their appeal to the adjudicator, the answer is 'no' and your case is closed. In some limited circumstances you may be able to take things further and this will be explained to you if you lose your appeal. But this can be costly and could involve going to court, so seek legal advice.
Appealing against a criminal parking penalty
Again, this can be a three-stage process
Click here for a step-by-step guide
If you're in the rare position of having an Excess Charge Notice issued by a council that's yet to adopt a civil regime, then there's a three-stage process. Though obviously if you win earlier on, you won't have to go through it all.
Stage 1. Make an informal appeal
Whether you have seven or 14 days to appeal depends on the council, so ensure you check the ticket carefully. If you submit an appeal on time, most councils will still allow you to pay the reduced ticket rate if the appeal is rejected. At this point, there's generally no form to fill out (though it's also worth checking the council's website, in case there is one), so you'll need to send a letter. Here's a template to help:
Make sure you submit all supporting evidence to give yourself a greater chance of winning. Include an address, your vehicle registration number and the ticket number.
What happens next?
If you win, which happens but is rare, then HOORAH! If not, you'll need to move to Stage 2, the formal stage of appeal. At this point there's an important warning:
Take it any further and you may lose your chance to pay at the reduced fee if the appeal fails.
So if you've just been taking a punt, it's worth seriously considering giving up at this point. Double-check with the council whether you'll lose your chance to pay at the reduced fee if the appeal fails first. Even if you believe in the justice of your case, it's worth balancing what you'll gain by winning with the time and cost of losing.
Stage 2. Appeal to a more senior parking official
Some councils may then give you the opportunity to appeal again to a more senior parking official. If they do, it'll be explained on your rejection letter (it's also worth checking the council's website for more details).
If they don't, move to Stage 3. However, it is unlikely you'll be able to pay the fine at the reduced rate if you appeal again.
Stage 3. Appeal to the Ombudsman
At this point, the council will send a letter demanding payment and there are no more official routes of appeal via the council. There is the option of appealing to the relevant Ombudsman service, which is free, and ask it to investigate if you feel the council has got it wrong or failed to show discretion regarding mitigating circumstances.
An Ombudsman can only usually intervene where there has been a procedural error. Yet as few cases are black and white, it's worth at least contacting the Ombudsman for guidance.
There are three relevant services, depending on where the fine was issued:
- In England: Use the Local Government Ombudsman.
- In Wales: Use the Ombudsman for Wales.
- In Scotland: Use the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman.
You could also take your council to court if it applied the law incorrectly. However, this will cost you a serious whack if you lose. Seek legal advice before you take this nuclear option.
Appealing against a police parking penalty
Police procedures vary, but it's usually a one- or two- stage process
Click here for full info
This is usually either a one- or two- stage process. Unfortunately, if you have a police ticket your chances of success are likely to be lower than with a normal council ticket.
Stage 1. If allowed, make an informal appeal
Officially, appeals against police tickets can only be made via the courts, yet some forces may allow informal appeals. The notice or vehicle release form may indicate whether you're allowed to informally challenge it. If it's not clear, call the issuing police force or any number listed on the ticket to check.
Usually, you'll be writing to a department called the Central Ticket Office which deals with many types of police fines. There are no forms to fill out, you just send a letter. Make sure you submit all supporting evidence to give yourself a greater chance of winning, and include an address, your vehicle registration number and the ticket number. Here's a template to help:
If the police force rejects your appeal it will inform you in writing. If you win, then that's fantastic. If not, then move onto Stage 2 below.
Stage 2. The formal appeal process
If your appeal is rejected or you're unable to make a formal appeal, you'll get a Notice to Owner form with options to pay the charge, or to nominate an alternative driver's name (mainly for hire companies as the owner is responsible) or request a hearing at a magistrates court. If you don't act within 28 days, the fine will increase by 50% and you'll get a court summons.
What to do
If you want to contest it, you can opt for a hearing. This isn't an easy thing to do, and for all but the most determined or legally aware, it's probably best to simply accept the fine.
If you do decide to continue, you may want to consider legal advice as you'll have to attend a hearing to set out your case. In addition, if you lose, you may have to pay court costs.


text:
Welcome Guest. Click here for items you might enjoy.
Give your schedule a boost with Appointment Cards. Say good bye to missed appointments with Peel-n-stick, Multi-Sticker, 10 line, Economically, and Character Appointment Cards.
View our complete list of categories to the left.
Copyright 2014, SmileMakers, Inc., All Rights Reserved. All images displayed on this site are the property of SmileMakers, Inc or their respective owners and may not be reproduced in any manner.


text:
If you're like most, getting your hands on the latest and greatest products this industry has to offer is what this hobby is all about. Royal Purple has just launched an all-new fuel treatment system for your daily driver or project vehicle. We caught up with Royal to get the inside scoop. Read to find out more!
Copyright ©2013 Power Automedia, LLC. All rights reserved. Policy and Terms


text:
I'm going to talk this afternoon about the relationship between culture and spirituality. Anybody with a brain in their heads knows that to talk about culture, in this day and age, is one thing, but to talk about spirituality is even worse. To try to do both of them in one standing is not the smartest thing anybody can do. But I'm going to do it anyway, because I remember with Boethius that every age that is dying is simply another age coming to life, and with the Chinese poet, "If you don't know where you're going, any road will get you there."
read moreMarcus J. Borg is Distinguished Professor of Religion, Oregon State University and author of many books, including Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time: The Historical Jesus and the Heart of Contemporary Faith; Reading the Bible Again for the First Time: Taking the Bible Seriously but Not Literally; and The God We Never Knew.
The following is a transcript of a speech delivered at the National Forum of the Center for Progressive Christianity, in Irvine, California, June 1-3, 2000.
read moreLawrence Falkowski is President of Christianity for the Third Millennium and Rector at the Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, West Orange, NJ. The following is a transcript of a presentation made at the 1996 National Forum of The Center for Progressive Christianity.
read moreLet me start by talking about the reflections of an elder. In 1994, I went to a program called "New Warrior". It is one of the men's programs. It has an absolutely hideous name, but it is one of the best programs I have ever been to. I would consider it the equivalent value of about five years of good AA. If you want to know, "Is New Warrior something like the Promise Keepers?" No! It is not like the Promise Keepers; it is diametrically opposed to anything Promise Keepers is about. The New Warrior is for the older folks, persons fifty years and older. They have a special elders training for men. I went to the elders program about this time last year, so I am now an official "New Warrior Elder". I am going to say some things about being an elder.
read moreMy topic, as you know from the program, is, "Re-Visioning the Christian Life", and my question is, very simply, "Within the re-visioning that I am suggesting, what does the Christian life look like?" For that older conventional way of seeing Christianity that I sketched in my talk yesterday, believing was central to the Christian life. Indeed during the period of modernity, being a Christian meant, to a large extent, believing in Christianity, and Christian faith meant, to a large extent, believing. How does the Christian life look within this framework of seeing Christianity again?
read moreProphecy in the progressive church does not mean being doctrinaire. It does mean speaking out as a child of God. It probably means that we have just forgotten to ask the questions. The prophets asked the questions. Biblical ones did. And we often forget that asking questions can be the real way to God. Let's think along that line for awhile.
read moreI should say at the beginning that when I was asked to do this, I asked Jim Adams what the subject matter of my remarks should be, given the title of this session, and he couldn't tell me. We all have our own ideas on this subject he said and he didn't want to constrain me. So I can only say that these are my own ideas about "rethinking religion and redefining virtue in the modern world." I don't claim more for them than that, but I hope they will be stimulating enough to generate some good discussion. My background is I think very different from most people here, although I have run into a number of academics, so I don't feel totally alone.
read moreI wish I had a better word, a better superlative than enormity, but I can't think of one. What I want to say is, we live in a time of enormity. And the church is operating on a little, pea-shooter basis in contrast to what is going on in our world. What I am going to take a look at is how that unfolds and what might we do so that the church's vision is as enormous as the times in which we live.
read moreThe place I want to begin is on an evening in 1993, a November evening in Chicago, where I had been invited to the Muslim Community Center on the 4300 block of North Elston, to meet with local Islamic leaders to talk about the emerging interreligious movement in metropolitan Chicago. This came four months after the 1993 Parliament of the World's Religions, which was held in Chicago for eight days at the Palmer House Hilton. Eight thousand people from around the world, representing one hundred twenty-five different religious traditions, movements, denominations, and sects had gathered there. Growing out of that, the local religious communities of Chicago had said that they needed to continue to talk and work together. I had begun visiting these communities, and I was going to meet for the first time with the local Islamic leadership to talk about their participation.
read moreI'm going to be talking about three things in my lecture this evening. First, I want to talk about Jewish views of Christianity, historically, but with primary consideration of the modern period. And then second, I want to talk about certain contemporary American Jewish problems – what I see as the problems in the American Jewish community because I want you to know about them. And I want you to help us with them. Then I'll end with something about the state of Jewish-Christian dialog: how it should develop, what we need from you, and perhaps what we would like to tell you in return.
read moreJesus cured blindness repeatedly. What happened to Bartimaeus, therefore, is not unique — except perhaps in one detail. I say "perhaps" because I can find no other reference in the Gospels to blind people who, earlier in their lives, had been able to see. One man we know about from John's record was born blind, but only in the case of Bartimaeus is it explicit that at an earlier time he had been among the "sighted"."My teacher, let me see again." Jesus said to him. "Go; your faith has made you well."
read moreas i approached the doors to the chapel, i saw that the entire congregation had been given palm branches and had been instructed to stand in a large circle, as they sang this song from JESUS CHRIST SUPERSTAR, and wave their branches. the pastor and pianist sang alternating lines of caiaphas the high priest and whatever other various and sundry dramatic roles there are in that scene from the broadway musical. i turned and went immediately into the bathroom in order to avoid walking into the middle of this show tune gone awry. i looked at my face in the mirror and thought, "i'm never coming back here again." why was i mortified?
read moreO God
we have taken liberties with many things You have created
the air we breathe is contaminated
the water we drink is polluted
the soil that nurtures us with its products is poisoned
the food we eat is genetically modified
we even try to alter the life you have given us
we forget how precious life is to You.
Interestingly, at least to me, the answers are similar. The perpetuation of an idea, the spreading, the evangelism, is always something that puts us at risk, personally. We live in a tension of wanting to make sure our friends find out something important but not wanting to confuse them in case it is irrelevant to them or misleads them if we are later proven to be wrong. This is related to what I call "the liberal person's burden," the burden of never being 100% certain of your own rightness. But to live in community we must share ideas (otherwise why bother to call it a community) so we risk, we reach out, we tell. Sometimes we miss the mark, many times we hit it when we attempt with a certain humility.
read moreWe have some very important things in common. We are family, however diverse we may be. We are family. I think that it is a major opportunity for us at least to think about what it means to be family.
read moreIn times like these where many of the faith feel that there is a crisis among us, when we feel that there is a transition, we talk about paradigm shifts. Where there is uncertainty, in times like these, I think we find born so often apocryphal narratives. They provide us instruction, insights, and at least intuitive truth. And they are usually based on forms and events of other narratives within the canon of traditions, whatever those traditions may be. As we gather here in the whirlwind of times of transitions and uncertainty, we hoping to come out of it living a vision.
read moreWhy we have creeds, doctrine. Do they help or hinder? Are there new ways to express old truths?
In P.D. James' novel. 'Death in Holy Orders' there is a bluff business man, Sir Alred, who unexpectedly asks Inspector Dalgliesh about the Nicene Creed. We know just the sort of Christian Sir Alred is: a few paragraphs earlier he has said that he 'shows his face in church from time to time'. Dalgliesh, a vicar's son, searches his memory and tells him the Creed was formulated by the Council of Nicea in 325 AD, and that the Emperor Constantine had called the Council 'to settle the belief of the Church and to deal with the Arian heresy'.
read moreHere in our own gathering, in this place, for the past two days, there is a growing sense of good will. There is a sense of wanting to be here, to remain here, feeling good about being here, at least good enough to not want to get on the next plane flying out in the next five minutes. A sense of participation and, to that extent, a sense of buying into what's happening, or at least participating in it. On some level there's a community that's begun to gather. Here we are beginning a journey together. Whether the journey will continue beyond this point, or end we don't know, but at least we begin together. It seems to me that underlying all of that is the sense of a desire for connection, connecting, rather than orbiting as little individuals scattered through lots of space.
read more


text:
Featured Events
We're sorry, but we currently have no tickets available for this event.
Check out our full selection of Rock tickets or sign up to be notified when tickets for this event are available.
On My Honor are coming to town! Get ready to rock as On My Honor bring their high-octane show to a stage near you. Vivid Seats is here to make sure you have a great seat as On My Honor blows through your town. To purchase tickets to On My Honor concerts, just click on one of the On My Honor tour dates above. All sales are final and refunds will only be given in the event that On My Honor cancel the show which you purchased tickets for. On My Honor will rock you. Guaranteed. Vivid Seats has On My Honor concert tickets. Guaranteed. So don't delay in choosing On My Honor tickets that are right for you! View On My Honor concert schedule and other tour information above.
Here is some information about On My Honor tour ticket purchases from Vivid Seats:
Feel free to contact us for any reason, toll free, at : 1.866.848.TIXX


text:
Viewing entries tagged with 'New Zealand Warriors'
Sharks post narrow win over Warriors
THE Cronulla Sharks have posted a narrow 22-20 victory over the New Zealand Warriors at Mt Smart Stadium in Auckland tonight
Warriors spoil Peachey
THE New Zealand Warriors have recorded a sensational come-from-behind victory over the South Sydney Rabbitohs by 18-16 at Telstra Stadium, extending their unbeaten run against the club to 12 victories.
Rabbitohs side to face Warriors
THE South Sydney Rabbitohs are pleased to announce their side to take on the New Zealand Warriors in round seven of the NRL Telstra Premiership this Sunday, 29 April at 2pm at Telstra Stadium.
Cowboys side to face Warriors
THE NQ Toyota Cowboys side to face New Zealand in Auckland this weekend has been announced.
Manly grind out tough win over Warriors
THE Manly Sea Eagles have crafted a tough win at Brookvale today, defeating the Warriors 13-10, after trailing 6-0 at the halftime break.
Manly team for Warriors match
MANLY coach Des Hasler has released his 17-man side to face the Warriors at Brookvale this Easter Sunday.
Warriors side to face Manly
THE Vodafone Warriors side to take on Manly at Brookvale this weekend has been named by coach Ivan Cleary.
Storm run out convincing winners over Warriors
THE Melbourne Storm have easily won what many believed would be a tight tussle against the Warriors, winning 30-12 at Olympic Park on Sunday.
Warriors grind out win against Broncos
THE Broncos have continued their poor start to their grand final defense with a scrappy and ill-disciplined performance against the New Zealand Warriors


text:
APC Metered Rack PDU ZeroU 2G - power distribution strip
Manufacturer: APC Part number: AP8853
at 1 online store
- CNET Editor rating: Not yet rated
- Average user rating: 0 stars No reviews, write one!
- More product information:
- User reviews
- Specifications
- Manufacturer info
- Description:
- APC Metered Rack Power Distribution Units (PDUs) provide advanced warning to protect against unplanned power overloads. User-defined alarm thresholds mitigate risk with real-time local and remote alerts of potential unexpected circuit overloads to your mission critical equipment. Metered rack PDUs provide power utilization trends allowing Data Center Managers to make informed decisions on right sizing IT environments to lower total ... Read more
Where to buy
store | customer rating | inventory | tax & shipping | price |
| In stock | Enter zip code to get total price: Price +Tax +Shipping =Total price | as of 03/15/2014 |
*Total price for the APC Metered Rack PDU ZeroU 2G are estimated and may vary slightly based on exact tax, shipping, manufacturer rebate or any sale/promotion on the merchant site.


text:
I never think of myself as an icon. What is in other people's minds is not in my mind. I just do my thing. I post what I like. I do my thing and you do yours. -END OF STORY- What is hidden is more interesting than what is obvious.
Posted June 20, 2012 at 2:16 am 9 notes


text:
Ah, spring! When a television programmer's fancy turns lightly to thoughts of … reruns! That's right, your favorite fall series are starting to roll out season finales. Here's what to watch and what to avoid on television this week:
Monday: "The Voice" 7 p.m., NBC: Shakira joins the coaching team in the Season 4 premiere. Apparently, they've got an Usher now, too, so it should be easier for fans of gimmicky talent shows to find their seats in the audience.
The story you're reading is premium content from the Austin American-Statesman. Subscribers get total access to all our in-depth news, digital editions and exclusive premium content. You can now also buy a 24-hour digital pass or 7-day digital pass.
For Subscribers: Sign in here if you have already registered your account.
Sign InFor Subscribers: Register your account for digital access.
Access DigitalRead MyStatesman.com now — 24-hour digital pass
99¢ for 24-hoursRead MyStatesman.com all week — 7-day digital pass
$3.99 for 7-daysSubscribe to the Statesman for as little as 33¢ per day
View OffersGo-to Guy
Dale Roe is your Go-to Guy for useful information. He writes guides on everything from allergies to TV shows to local events to QR codes. What topics would you like to know more about? Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
New Zealand Embassy Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
GCC Country Police Clearances & New Zealand Conviction Records
Residing in a GCC Country and require a GCC Country Police Clearance.
The New Zealand Embassy in Riyadh can assist you by issuing a letter (fee applies) to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in your country, requesting a Police Clearance.
To organise this letter you need to contact the New Zealand Embassy in Riyadh and send them a copy of the biodata page from your current passport and a copy of your ID (Iqama). The Embassy will then issue a consular letter addressed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in your country asking them to provide you with the required clearance. The letter will be sent to you via courier (at your cost).
On receiving the Embassy's letter you will need to go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in your country so that they can stamp it (verifying our signature and seal). Having done that you can then approach the police for your Police Clearance Certificate.
Please note: A GCC Police Clearance is required for students applying for a student visa, for a stay in New Zealand of 24 months or more.
Residing outside Saudi Arabia and require a Saudi Arabia Police Clearance.
The New Zealand Embassy in Riyadh recommends that you request this clearance prior to your departure from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is extremely difficult, and we are unable to guarantee that you will be able to obtain a Police Clearance once you have permanently left Saudi Arabia.
If you no longer reside in Saudi Arabia and require a Police Clearance, the Embassy in Riyadh suggests that you complete a Statutory Declaration in place of the Police Certificate.
Residing in a GCC Country and require a copy of your New Zealand Criminal Record.
New Zealand Police are often asked for a "Police clearance certificate", especially by people applying for a job overseas. New Zealand Police do not produce "Clearance Certificates" as such, but you can get a copy of your criminal record from the Ministry of Justice.
The application form can be found on the New Zealand Ministry of Justice website, you will need to send the completed application form directly to the Ministry of Justice. For the criminal record to be authenticated/attested, you will also need to request that the Ministry of Justice pass your conviction record to the Authentication Unit of the Department of Internal Affairs.
Once attested (also known as authenticated or notarised) by the Authentication Unit of the Department of Internal Affairs (Wellington), the document is forwarded to Consular Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Wellington). Details and fees relating to the authentication process can be found on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade website.
The whole process should take somewhere between four and six weeks.


text:
Chassis # TD22595 Engine # XPAG/ T2/22986 A 1953 MGTD Roadster. Red with a beautiful red leather interior. Showing 7,000 miles on the odometer. Had a ground... More
This 1953 MG TD, painted in lovely Sequoia Cream, was owned by one of the foremost MG experts on the east coast. This gentleman,... More
This California TD was professionally restored in 2003 and after having been enjoyed for just 29k miles has just benefited from a 267 hour... More


text:
45 white KODA Superb Combi to operate in Helsinki and Stockholm. KODA official main sponsor of IIHF WM for 20 years. More than five million kilometres serving IIHF World Championships.
KODA will send 45 Superb Combi as the official fleet to this years IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship. The International Ice Hockey Federations world championship will be held in Finland and Sweden from May 4th to May 20th. The first 25 cars have just been handed over to the Finnish Organising Committee at Hartwall Arena in Helsinki.KODA is the annual world championships official main sponsor for the 20th consecutive time. KODA cars made available have clocked up five million kilometres at the service of IIHF Ice Hockey World Championships over the years. IIHF Ice Hockey World Championships fascinate people the world over every year. We are happy that KODA, having been the official main sponsor for twenty years, is a part of this fascination and that KODA has been able to find many new friends for our brand among ice hockey fans, says Jürgen Stackmann, KODA board member for sales and marketing. In this time, KODA cars serving the world championships have run over five million kilometres, which is to say they have circled the globe 125 times. We are proud that none of these many trips has been interrupted by a technical failure in a KODA, but this is mainly a mark of the uncompromising quality which world cup organisers and KODA customers the world over can expect of our products.Horst Lichtner, IIHF secretary general, has this to add: 20 years of practical experience have taught us that we can rely on KODA. Our guests know and appreciate the dependability and comfort of KODA cars. It is very important for the IIHF and the world championship organisation that we have had a partner of this quality on board for so long. We are looking forward to renewed cooperation. KODAs official fleet will carry officials, guests and material using 45 candy-white KODA Superb Combis. They will all bear the official world championship design. 25 cars in KODA Ambition Business trim will be used in Helsinki; the other 20 cars in Elegance trim will operate in Stockholm and be transferred by ship to Helsinki for the championships final round.


text:
Boeing EB-47E Stratojet |
Serial Number: 53-2135
Markings: 376th Bombardment Wing, Lockbourne AFB, Ohio, 1964
The U.S. Army Air Forces issued its first requirement for a jet bomber in 1943. However, it was not until after the war, when German research on high-speed aircraft became available that the design of the B-47 was finalized. The B-47 became the first all jet bomber produced anywhere in the world. Over two thousand Stratojets were built between 1947 and 1957. During the early 1960s a number of B-47E models were converted for use as electronic intelligence gathering aircraft. Additional antennas were mounted on the aircraft and a "capsule" was installed in the aircraft's bomb bay that carried additional equipment to monitor radar and radio signals as well as two additional crew members. |


text:
How to Apply
Getting started...
1. Researching Programs
The first step for students should be to start learning about the different programs that Lehman and CUNY has to offer. Lehman students are not limited to Lehman sponsored programs and should also consider programs sponsored by schools not only outside of Lehman but also CUNY. Students are encouraged to consult a Study Abroad Advisor during this process.
To learn more about the Lehman and CUNY sponsored programs, visit the Lehman and CUNY study abroad websites:
Lehman Website: www.lehman.edu/academics/study-abroad
CUNY website: www.CUNY.edu/studyabroad
2. Researching Scholarships & Financial Aid
Students are encouraged to learn about the different scholarship opportunities. These can greatly defray the cost of study abroad and at times, cover all the costs. Scholarships are competative and may require that the student be interviewed by a Lehman campus scholarship Visit the STOCS website
- Research all the IIE** administered scholarships and fellowships (i.e. Gilman, Fulbright, Boren)
** For more information visit www.iie.org
3. Choosing a Program
Find at least three comparable programs (Use chart in our Checklist PDF file)
4. Applying to a Program
- Visit sponsoring school's website and print application form
- Fill out application
- Mail and/or e-mail application
5. Advising and Course equivalencies
- Print description of course/s
- Make an appointment with the Study Abroad Office
Click here to view Checklist [PDF]
Useful Links
- Lehman's Study Abroad Program Fan Page (Facebook)
- CUNY Study Abroad
Offers information on the many programs of study abroad available CUNY-wide at the various CUNY campuses. Most programs are open to all CUNY students. There is also useful information about procedures that will help you if you are interested in participating in any of our programs. For information on scholarships for CUNY students who participate in certain supported short-term programs during the winter and summer intersessions, visit the STOCS page. - Studyabroad.com
Find resource for researching study abroad programs. Internship program information is available at http://intern.studyabroad.com - Collegeabroad.com
Offers a directory of undergraduate full degree programs abroad, searchable by degree type, subject, and metropolitan region.
Last modified: Aug 22, 2013