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Ogden FamilySearch LibraryEdit This Page
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The sweet tradition of macarons dates back to the Middle Ages, when the now-classic recipe of egg whites, ground almonds and sugar debuted in France. Here, Two Hearts Bakery transforms these French favorites into irresistible Valentine treats, customizing them with an engaging heart shape, vibrant red hue and the rich flavors of Guittard premium cocoa and couverture white chocolate. Crisp on the outside, moist and chewy inside, each pair of chocolaty red-velvet macarons is enhanced by a luscious ganache filling that combines white chocolate with heavy cream and fresh buttermilk for a hint of tangy richness. A memorable gift, these exclusive confections are handcrafted in the traditional Parisian fashion – from preparing the delicate cookies to hand piping the rich, creamy filling. 4 oz. (12 macarons). A Williams-Sonoma exclusive.
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Adventurous and perverse three tiered petit four plate. Undergrowth turns the old fashioned notion of "high tea" on its head. Part Marie Antoinette, deliciously sweet and undeniably mischievous. Handcrafted from earthenware with gold leaf lettering. "Temptation" written on the bottom of the plate.
At Dragonfly Cakes, we love cakesbirthday cakes, wedding cakes, after-dinner-on-a-Wednesday cakes. But we have a special place in our hearts for the smallest member of the cake family, the petit four.
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Fill a loved one's heart with love when you present them with this beautifully fashioned cheesecake.
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# Sticky, Chewy, Messy, Gooey by Jill O'Connor # Here's a collection of desserts that gives more than 75 sticky, chewy, messy, gooey reasons to stock up on napkins # In addition to each sugary favorite, the author has included simple techniques and tools to help home cooks recreate each decadent treasure again and again # Chocolate Caramel-Pecan Souffle Cake, Cinnamon-Donut Bread Pudding, Double-Crumble Hot Apple Pies, Giant Coconut Cream Puffs # 168 pages, by Chronicle Books
Giant Brownie Heart - 2lbs Looking to say 'I Love You' in a big way? Send a Giant Brownie Heart! Our Chocolate Chip Brownie is over 2 lbs of super dense chocolate and is our Valentine's Day Top Seller. This is the best brownie you will ever have - and we guarantee it! Measures 12 inches and is baked with Love... Please note: Tulips are not included. Elegantly packaged in our Signature "Red Hearts" shipping box which mimics the heart shape of the brownie-- CLICK THE LINK UNDER THE HEART TO VIEW THE SHIPPING BOX Item Number: 03266 Price $36.00
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52 Cupcakes - creative cupcakes blog. Self proclaimed cupcake queen.
The Groove Collection is a multi-sensory approach to the culturally vital genres of music impacted by African Americans. The Groove Luxe Edition includes the same sensory journey as the Groove Collection but arrives in a sparkling, custom made, limited edition box. Each box twinkles with Swarovski crystals encased in a lucite box.
This tray of mini desserts, cake and ice cream erasers will make your mouth water. But don't eat them!
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These soft cotton pants will be the perfect addition to any girl's wardrobe. They feature a classic cargo style as well as a relaxed look that pairs well with a variety of tops. The snap button in front, convenient zipper and adjustable straps on the waist allow for quick fitting too.


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Storage software industry takes a revenue hit
The storage software industry has seen its first quarterly sales decline after more than five years of solid growth, according to a report from market researcher IDC.
First-quarter 2009 revenue for the industry sank 5.2 percent to $2.8 billion from the previous year. The slump has impacted several key vendors, including Hewlett-Packard, EMC, and IBM, all of which sell storage software to enterprise clients.
"The combination of the normally slow first quarter for most companies with the continued economic climate was displayed in this quarter's results," Michael Margossian, research analyst for storage software at IDC, … Read more


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Do daily retail gasoline prices adjust asymmetrically?
This paper analyzes adjustments in the Dutch retail gasoline prices. We estimate an error correction model on changes in the daily retail price for gasoline (taxes excluded) for the period 1996-2004 taking care of volatility clustering by estimating an EGARCH model. It turns out the volatility process is asymmetrical: an unexpected increase in the producer price has a larger effect on the variance of the producer price than an unexpected decrease. We do not find evidence for amount asymmetry, either for the long run or for the short run. However, there is a faster reaction to upward changes in spot prices than to downward changes in spot prices. This implies timing or pattern asymmetry. This asymmetry starts three days after the change in the spot price and lasts for four days.Download Info
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.Bibliographic Info
Paper provided by University of Groningen, CCSO Centre for Economic Research in its series CCSO Working Papers with number 200503.Length:
Date of creation: 2005
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:dgr:rugccs:200503
Contact details of provider:
Postal: PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen
Phone: +31 50 363 7185
Fax: +31 50 363 3720
Web page: http://ccso.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/
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Related research
Keywords:Other versions of this item:
- L. Bettendorf & S. A. van der Geest & G. H. Kuper, 2009. "Do daily retail gasoline prices adjust asymmetrically?," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(4), pages 385-397.
- Leon Bettendorf & Stephanie van der Geest & Gerard Kuper, 2005. "Do Daily Retail Gasoline Prices adjust Asymmetrically?," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 05-040/2, Tinbergen Institute.
- D43 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure and Pricing - - - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
- E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2005-05-29 (All new papers)
- NEP-COM-2005-05-29 (Industrial Competition)
- NEP-ENE-2005-05-29 (Energy Economics)
References listed on IDEASPlease report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- James G. MacKinnon, 1995.
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918, Queen's University, Department of Economics.
- MacKinnon, James G, 1996. "Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 11(6), pages 601-18, Nov.-Dec..
- Robert Engle, 2004.
"Risk and Volatility: Econometric Models and Financial Practice,"
American Economic Review,
American Economic Association, vol. 94(3), pages 405-420, June.
- Engle III, Robert F., 2003. "Risk and Volatility: Econometric Models and Financial Practice," Nobel Prize in Economics documents 2003-4, Nobel Prize Committee.
- Davis, Michael C & Hamilton, James D, 2004.
"Why Are Prices Sticky? The Dynamics of Wholesale Gasoline Prices,"
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,
Blackwell Publishing, vol. 36(1), pages 17-37, February.
- Michael C. Davis & James D. Hamilton, 2003. "Why Are Prices Sticky? The Dynamics of Wholesale Gasoline Prices," NBER Working Papers 9741, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Lewis, Matt, 2004.
"Asymmetric Price Adjustment and Consumer Search: An Examination of the Retail Gasoline Market,"
Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series
qt9pv2d9fn, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Matthew S. Lewis, 2011. "Asymmetric Price Adjustment and Consumer Search: An Examination of the Retail Gasoline Market," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 409-449, 06.
- Matt Lewis, 2004. "Asymmetric Price Adjustment and Consumer Search: An Examination of the Retail Gasoline Market," Industrial Organization 0407010, EconWPA.
- Maskin, Eric & Tirole, Jean, 1988. "A Theory of Dynamic Oligopoly, II: Price Competition, Kinked Demand Curves, and Edgeworth Cycles," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 56(3), pages 571-99, May.
- Severin Borenstein & A. Colin Cameron, 1992.
"Do Gasoline Prices Respond Asymmetrically to Crude Oil Price Changes?,"
NBER Working Papers
4138, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Borenstein, Severin & Cameron, A Colin & Gilbert, Richard, 1997. "Do Gasoline Prices Respond Asymmetrically to Crude Oil Price Changes?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 112(1), pages 305-39, February.
- Engle, Robert F & Kozicki, Sharon, 1993. "Testing for Common Features: Reply," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 11(4), pages 393-95, October.
- Peter C.B. Phillips & Pierre Perron, 1986.
"Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression,"
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
795R, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, revised Sep 1987.
- Phillips, P.C.B., 1986. "Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression," Cahiers de recherche 8633, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques.
- Tom Doan, . "PPUNIT: RATS procedure to perform Phillips-Perron Unit Root test," Statistical Software Components RTS00160, Boston College Department of Economics.
- Engle, Robert F & Granger, Clive W J, 1987. "Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(2), pages 251-76, March.
- Marcel Canoy & S. Onderstal, 2003. "Tight oligopolies: in search of proportionate remedies," CPB Document 29, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
- Gannon, Gerard L., 1996. "First and second order inefficiency in Australasian currency markets," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 4(2-3), pages 315-327, July.
- Engle, Robert F & Kozicki, Sharon, 1993.
"Testing for Common Features,"
Journal of Business & Economic Statistics,
American Statistical Association, vol. 11(4), pages 369-80, October.
- Robert F. Engle & Sharon Kozicki, 1990. "Testing For Common Features," NBER Technical Working Papers 0091, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Lance J. Bachmeier & James M. Griffin, 2003. "New Evidence on Asymmetric Gasoline Price Responses," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(3), pages 772-776, August.
- Eckert, Andrew & West, Douglas S, 2004. "Retail Gasoline Price Cycles across Spatially Dispersed Gasoline Stations," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 47(1), pages 245-73, April.
- Bollerslev, Tim & Engle, Robert F. & Nelson, Daniel B., 1986. "Arch models," Handbook of Econometrics, in: R. F. Engle & D. McFadden (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 49, pages 2959-3038 Elsevier.
- Eckert, Andrew, 2003. "Retail price cycles and the presence of small firms," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 151-170, February.
- Castanias, Rick & Johnson, Herb, 1993. "Gas Wars: Retail Gasoline Fluctuations," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 75(1), pages 171-74, February.
- Bacon, Robert W., 1991. "Rockets and feathers: the asymmetric speed of adjustment of UK retail gasoline prices to cost changes," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 211-218, July.
- Noel, Michael, 2004. "Edgeworth Price Cycles: Evidence from the Toronto Retail Gasoline Market," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt64j579g9, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
- MacKinnon, James G & Haug, Alfred A & Michelis, Leo, 1999.
"Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration,"
Journal of Applied Econometrics,
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(5), pages 563-77, Sept.-Oct.
- Mackinnon, J.G. & Haug, A.A. & Michelis, L., 1996. "Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration," G.R.E.Q.A.M. 96a09, Universite Aix-Marseille III.
- James G. MacKinnon & Alfred A. Haug & Leo Michelis, 1996. "Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration," Working Papers 1996_07, York University, Department of Economics.
- Bettendorf, Leon & van der Geest, Stephanie A. & Varkevisser, Marco, 2003. "Price asymmetry in the Dutch retail gasoline market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(6), pages 669-689, November.
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.Cited by:
- Perdiguero-García, Jordi, 2013. "Symmetric or asymmetric oil prices? A meta-analysis approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 389-397.
- Foros, Øystein & Steen, Frode, 2008.
"Gasoline prices jump up on Mondays: An outcome of aggressive competition?,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
6783, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Oystein Foros & Frode Steen, 2008. "Gasoline Prices Jump Up on Mondays: An Outcome of Aggressive Competition?," Working Papers 08-20, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia.
- Foros, Øystein & Steen, Frode, 2009. "Gasoline prices jump up on Mondays: An outcome of aggressive competition?," Discussion Papers 2009/2, Department of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics.
- Riemer P. Faber, 2009. "Asymmetric Price Responses of Gasoline Stations: Evidence for Heterogeneity of Retailers," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-106/1, Tinbergen Institute.
- Abbas Valadkhani & Sajid Anwar & Amir Arjonandi, 2012. "How to capture the full extent of price stickiness in credit card interest rates?," Economics Working Papers wp12-02, School of Economics, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Riemer P. Faber, 2009. "Asymmetric Price Responses of Gasoline Stations: Evidence for Heterogeneity of Retailers," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-106/1, Tinbergen Institute.
- Aggarwal, Raj & Akhigbe, Aigbe & Mohanty, Sunil K., 2012. "Oil price shocks and transportation firm asset prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1370-1379.
- Abbas Valadkhani & Sajid Anwar, 2012. "Interest Rate Pass-Through and the Asymmetric Relationship between the Cash Rate and the Mortgage Rate," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 88(282), pages 341-350, 09.
- Riemer P. Faber & Maarten C.W. Janssen, 2008. "On the Effects of Suggested Prices in Gasoline Markets," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-116/1, Tinbergen Institute.
- Leo de Haan & Elmer Sterken, 2005.
"Asymmetric Price Adjustment in the Dutch Mortgage Market,"
DNB Working Papers
061, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
- Leo Haan & Elmer Sterken, 2011. "Bank-Specific Daily Interest Rate Adjustment in the Dutch Mortgage Market," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 145-159, June.
- Balaguer, Jacint & Ripollés, Jordi, 2013. "Asymmetric fuel price responses under heterogeneity," MPRA Paper 52481, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Balaguer, Jacint & Ripollés, Jordi, 2012. "Testing for price response asymmetries in the Spanish fuel market. New evidence from daily data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 2066-2071.
- Abbas Valadkhani & Martin O'Brien & Amir Arjomandi, 2013. "Examining the nature of the relationship between Tapis crude oil and Singapore petrol prices," International Journal of Global Energy Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 36(1), pages 27-41.
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Clinical Study of PM01183 in Patients With Acute Leukemia
This study is currently recruiting participants.
Verified January 2014 by PharmaMar
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: March 9, 2011
Last updated: January 31, 2014
Last verified: January 2014
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
Study Status: | This study is currently recruiting participants. |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | September 2014 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | September 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |


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Controversy Surrounds Abortion Bill that Hits the House Floor Tues.From Montgomery -- Tomorrow the Alabama House will discuss a bill to require stricter standards for abortion clinics. Those opposing it say it will only leave two clinics in the state. Those supporting the Women's Health and Safety Act say it will place more restrictions on abortion clinics, which they say it will make it a safer environment for those women who choose to have the procedure. "It's totally going to help the mothers," says Susan Bunce. Also under the bill, abortion clinics are required to ask every girl younger than 16 the name of her child's father. The girl does not have to answer, but if the clinic finds out the father was two years older then the clinic would have to report the name of the minor and the father to the Department of Human Resources. Among those opposing the bill is Representative Alvin Holmes, D-Montgomery. He was out of town Monday, but did give us this statement: "The U.S. Supreme Court legalized abortion, and for the Alabama legislature to undermine that is completely asinine." Right now there are five abortion clinics operating in the state including one in Montgomery. Alabama News Network did reach out to the Montgomery clinic. They say their spokesperson was out Monday. |
Click here for a free download of the latest Adobe Flash Player.
PollWhat's onFull ScheduleCW Link |


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CB/SSB Radio Use - I have a few questions.
View Single Post
Advanced Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2011
Location: anytown, OHIO
Posts: 3,994
Re: CB/SSB Radio Use - I have a few questions.
Way back when I was a young FCC General class amateur radio operator I made most of my antennas. (get an antenna book or probably online info, shows you what you'll need)
We had a 65' tower with a rotor, a 15 meter diapole which I worked all over the world with it, above that a 10 element 2 meter yagi antenna...all homemade.
We had a bare wire 80 meter 1/2 wave, 40 meter full wave dipole, one end hooked to a barn, the center hookup going the house, live end going to a 25' high gas line in concrete as a tower....again all homemade.
We also had a Hustler 4 BTV (4 band trapped vertical) 40, 20, 15, 10 meter hooked to the chimney, not as good as a 65' tower but it will work fine.
NOW in a pinch a temporary antenna hookup could be a tree, roof, chimney anything to give you some height.
more power
is great to get your signal out.
And check your SWR (standing wave ratio) to get as efficent as you can get with your signal going out. Reading more is a good idea.
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by mjp28


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When buying mulch, consider paying the few extra dollars per yard for the higher quality "bark mulch" instead of the impostor "wood mulch".
Bark Mulch is better for plant health. It contains waxes that shed water and increases the water capacity in the soil. Bark also increases phosphorus and potassium levels in the soil; macronutrients that are important for plant survival. Bark maintains its color longer. A small amount of environmentally safe "food coloring" dye may be added to increase color consistency in some bark mulches, and that is ok. But it is the higher bark content that adds to color longevity. You can buy mulch that is 100% bark. The more bark, the higher the price. But the benefits outweigh the cost.
Wood mulch may look good when you purchase it, but buyer beware! Wood mulches have a high carbon – nitrogen ratio. This means that wood mulches rob your soil of nitrogen, a primary nutrient for plant growth and survival. Some companies making wood mulches are grinding up pallets and building material, stumps, or unwanted tree limbs. They rely on dye for color, but after the wood mulch is spread out in your yard, its color quickly fades to gray or pink when washed out by rain or dried out by the
So be careful when buying mulch because not all mulch is the same.


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3000 Series Combo Desk with Book Rack - 18" Seat Height
reg. $159.95
Weight: 46.40 poundsreg. $159.95
Call 1-877-839-3330 for a shipping quote.
Usually ships within 4 - 6 Weeks Virco's 3000 Series Combo Desk with Book Rack is a durable and attractive solution for your school classroom. Students will enjoy the comfort of a contoured back and waterfall front seat. A tubular steel frame supports the extra-large 18" x 24" work surface that makes these chair desks best sellers for upper grades. The desk has a solid plastic top to prevent damage and ensure usability for years to come. Store extra materials in the steel underseat bookrack. Choose from a variety of top finish and seat color combinations to match any classroom. Virco's 3000 Series Combo Desk with Book Rack comes with a 10-year warranty.
Key Features
- Contoured hard plastic seat and back
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- Available in a variety of color combinations
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- Suggested Grade Level: 5th - College
- Seat Material: Hard plastic
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- Chair Width: 22 3/4"
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Muqtada al-Sadr
Hujjat al-Islam Muqtada al-Sadr مقتدى الصدر |
Born | Najaf, Iraq |
12 August 1973
Residence | Najaf, Iraq |
Nationality | Iraqi |
Political movement
Sadrist Movement |
Religion | Shia Islam |
Muqtadā al-Ṣadr (Arabic: سيد مقتدى الصدر) (born 12 August 1973)[1] is an Iraqi Islamic political leader.
Along with Ali al-Sistani and Ammar al-Hakim of the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq, Sadr is one of the most influential religious and political figures in the country, despite not holding any official title in the Iraqi government.[2] He is the leader of a political party, the Sadrist Movement. The powerful Iraqi Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr has withdrawn from politics,on February 18th 2014, dismantling his influential political movement in a move that has stunned his followers and handed a pre-election boost to Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.
He is of the prominent Sadr family originating from Jabal Amel in Lebanon but later settled in Najaf, his father-in-law being Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr. He is often referred to as Sayyid Muqtada al-Sadr. The title Sayyid ("Mr." or "Sir") is generally used among Muslims related to Mohammed through his daughter Fatimah's marriage with Ali. Thus a great deal of respect is paid by the Muslims to the Sayyids throughout society.
Western media often refer to Muqtada al-Sadr as a "firebrand" or "militant" cleric,[3] but his formal religious standing is comparatively low, at a mid-ranking Shia religious rank perhaps reflecting his young age, and he does not claim the title of mujtahid (the equivalent of a senior religious scholar) or the authority to issue fatwas.[4] In early 2008, however, al-Sadr was reported to be studying to be an ayatollah, which would greatly improve his religious standing.[5]
Muqtada al-Sadr is the fourth son of a famous Iraqi Shi'a cleric, the late Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr. He is also the son-in-law of Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr.
Muqtada al-Sadr is of Iraqi and Iranian ancestry. His great-grandfather is Ismail as-Sadr. Mohammed Sadeq al-Sadr, Muqtada al-Sadr's father, was a respected figure throughout the Shi'a Islamic world. He was murdered, along with two of his sons, allegedly by the government of Saddam Hussein. Muqtada's father-in-law was executed by the Iraqi authorities in 1980. Muqtada is a cousin of the disappeared Musa al-Sadr, the Iranian-Lebanese founder of the popular Amal Movement.[6]
Muqtada al-Sadr gained popularity in Iraq following the toppling of the Saddam government by the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Al-Sadr has on occasion stated that he wishes to create an "Islamic democracy".
Al-Sadr commands strong support (especially in the Sadr City district in Baghdad, formerly named Saddam City but renamed after the elder al-Sadr). After the fall of the Saddam government in 2003, Muqtada al-Sadr organized thousands of his supporters into a political movement, which includes a military wing known as the Jaysh al-Mahdi or Mahdi Army).[7] The name refers to the Mahdi, a long-since disappeared Imam who is believed by Shi'a Muslims to be due to reappear when the end of time approaches. This group has periodically engaged in violent conflict with the United States and other Coalition forces, while the larger Sadrist movement has formed its own religious courts, and organized social services, law enforcement, and prisons in areas under its control.[citation needed]
His strongest support comes from the class of dispossessed Shi'a, like in the Sadr City area of Baghdad. Many Iraqi supporters see in him a symbol of resistance to foreign occupation.[8]
In a statement received by AFP on the 15th February, 2014, Sadr announced the closure of all offices, centers and associations affiliated with Al-Shaheed Al-Sadr inside and outside Iraq, he announced his non-intervention in all political affairs, adding that no bloc will represent the movement inside or outside the government or parliament.[9]
War in Iraq[edit]
This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. (February 2014) |
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. (February 2014) |
Shortly after the U.S.-led coalition ousted Saddam Hussein and his Ba'ath regime, al-Sadr voiced opposition to the Coalition Provisional Authority. He subsequently stated that he had more legitimacy than the Coalition-appointed Iraqi Governing Council.[citation needed] He granted his first major Western television interview to Bob Simon of 60 Minutes, in which al-Sadr famously said "Saddam was the little serpent, but America is the big serpent".[10]
In his 2004 sermons and public interviews al-Sadr repeatedly demanded an immediate withdrawal of all U.S.-led coalition forces, all foreign troops under United Nations control, and the establishment of a new central Iraqi government, not connected to the Ba'ath party or the Allawi government.
In late March 2004, Coalition authorities (759th MP Battalion) in Iraq shut down Sadr's newspaper al-Hawza on charges of inciting violence. Sadr's followers held demonstrations protesting the closure of the newspaper. On April 4, fighting broke out in Najaf, Sadr City, and Basra. Sadr's Mahdi Army took over several points and attacked coalition soldiers, killing dozens of foreign soldiers, and taking many casualties of their own in the process.[citation needed] At the same time, Sunni rebels in the cities of Baghdad, Samarra, Ramadi, and, most notably, Fallujah, staged uprisings as well, causing the most serious challenge to coalition control of Iraq up to that time.
During the first siege of Fallujah in late March and April 2004, Muqtada's Sadrists sent aid convoys to the besieged Sunnis there.[11]
Paul Bremer, then the U.S. administrator in Iraq, declared on April 5, 2004, that al-Sadr was an outlaw and that uprisings by his followers would not be tolerated.[12]
It is generally frowned upon in Iraq for clerics to actively participate in secular politics, and like the other leading religious figures Muqtada al-Sadr did not run in the 2005 Iraqi elections. It is believed he implicitly backed the National Independent Cadres and Elites party which was closely linked with the Mahdi Army. Many of his supporters, however, backed the far more popular United Iraqi Alliance (UIA) of al-Sistani.
On August 26, 2005, an estimated 100,000 Iraqis marched in support of al-Sadr and his ideals.[13]
On March 25, 2006, Muqtada al-Sadr was in his home and escaped a mortar attack; this attack was disputed, as the ordnance landed more than 50 meters from his home.
Sadr's considerable leverage was apparent early in the week of 16 October 2006, when Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki ordered the release of one of Sadr's senior aides. The aide had been arrested a day earlier by American troops on suspicion of participating in kidnappings and killings.[14]
On February 13, several sources in the U.S. government claimed that Muqtada al-Sadr had left Iraq and fled to Iran in anticipation of the coming security crackdown.[15] US military spokesman Maj. Gen. William B. Caldwell reinforced this account on February 14,[16] but a member of Iraq's parliament and an aide to al-Sadr have denied the claims.[15][17]
On March 30, it was reported that Sadr, through clerics speaking on his behalf, "delivered a searing speech...condemning the American presence in Iraq ... [and] call[ing] for an anti-occupation mass protest on April 9...."[18] This call to protest was significant in that, since the beginning of the American troop surge (which began on February 14, 2007), Sadr had ordered his "militia to lie low during the new Baghdad security plan so as not to provoke a direct confrontation with the Americans".[18]
Muqtada al-Sadr urged the Iraqi army and police to stop cooperating with the United States and told his guerrilla fighters to concentrate on pushing American forces out of the country, according to a statement issued Sunday, April 8, 2007.
The statement, stamped with al-Sadr's official seal, was distributed in the Shiite holy city of Najaf on Sunday 8 April 2007—a day before a large demonstration there, called for by al-Sadr, to mark the fourth anniversary of the fall of Baghdad.
"You, the Iraqi army and police forces, don't walk alongside the occupiers, because they are your arch-enemy", the statement said.
On April 17, 2007, several ministers loyal to al-Sadr left the Iraqi government. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki stated that the withdrawal of these ministers had not weakened his government and that he would name technocrats to replace them soon.[19]
On April 25, 2007, al-Sadr condemned the construction of Azamiyah wall around a Sunni neighborhood in Baghdad, by calling for demonstrations against the plan as a sign of "the evil will" of American "occupiers"
On May 25, 2007, al-Sadr delivered a sermon to an estimated 6,000 followers in Kufa. Sadr reiterated his condemnation of the United States' occupation of Iraq and demanded the withdrawal of foreign forces, al-Sadr's speech also contained calls for unity between Sunni and Shi'a.[20] In June 2007, al-Sadr vowed to go ahead with a planned march to the devastated Askariyya shrine in central Iraq, al-Sadr said the march was aimed at bringing Shi'is and Sunnis closer together and breaking down the barriers imposed by the Americans and Sunni religious extremists.
In a statement issued August 29, 2007, Muqtada al-Sadr announced that an order to stand down for six months had been distributed to his loyalists following the deaths of more than 50 Shia Muslim pilgrims during fighting in Karbala the day before. The statement issued by Sadr's office in Najaf said: "I direct the Mahdi army to suspend all its activities for six months until it is restructured in a way that helps honour the principles for which it is formed." The intention behind the ceasefire was thought in part to be to allow al-Sadr reassert control over the movement, which is thought to have splintered. "We call on all Sadrists to observe self-restraint, to help security forces control the situation and arrest the perpetrators and sedition mongers, and urge them to end all forms of armament in the sacred city", said the statement, referring to the August 28 clashes in Karbala. Asked if the unexpected order meant no attacks on American troops, as well as a ban on Shia infighting, a senior al-Sadr aide said: "All kinds of armed actions are to be frozen, without exception."[21]
In March 2008 during the Battle of Basra, the Sadr Movement launched a nationwide civil disobedience campaign across Iraq to protest raids and detentions against the Mahdi Army.[22]
In August 2008, al-Sadr ordered most of his militiamen to disarm but said he will maintain elite fighting units to resist the Americans if a timetable for the withdrawal of US troops is not established. "Weapons are to be exclusively in the hands of one group, the resistance group", while another group called Momahidoun is to focus on social, religious and community work, Sadrist cleric Mudhafar al-Moussawi said.[23]
In response to Israeli attacks on Gaza, al-Sadr called for reprisals against US troops in Iraq: "I call upon the honest Iraqi resistance to carry out revenge operations against the great accomplice of the Zionist enemy."
On May 1, 2009, al-Sadr paid a surprise visit to Ankara where, in his first public appearance for two years, he met with Turkish President Abdullah Gül and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan for talks which focused on the "political process"[24] and requested Turkey play a greater role in establishing stability in the Middle East. Spokesman Sheikh Salah al-Obeidi confirmed the nature of the talks that had been requested by al-Sadr and stated, "Turkey is a good, old friend. Trusting that, we had no hesitation in travelling here."[25] After the meeting al-Sadr visited supporters in Istanbul, where al-Obeidi says they may open a representative office.
In a press conference on 6 March 2010 ahead of the Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010, Muqtada al-Sadr called on all Iraqis to participate in the election and support those who seek to expel US troops out of the country. Al-Sadr warned that any interference by the United States will be unacceptable. Al-Sadr, who has thousands of staunch followers across Iraq has consistently opposed the presence of foreign forces and repeatedly called for an immediate end to the occupation of Iraq.[26][27]
On January 5, 2011, Muqtada al-Sadr returned to the Iraqi city of Najaf, in order to take a more proactive and visible role in the new Iraqi government.[28] Three days later, thousands of Iraqis turned out in Najaf to hear his first speech since his return, in which he called the US, Israel, and the UK "common enemies" against Iraq. His speech was greeted by the crowd chanting "Yes, yes for Muqtada! Yes, yes for the leader!", whilst waving Iraqi flags and al-Sadr's pictures. Subsequently, he returned to Iran to continue his studies.[29]
By late 2011, it appeared that the United States would largely withdraw from Iraq, a demand that helped make Sadr a popular leader amongst supporters almost immediately following the invasion. Sadr also controlled the largest bloc of parliament, and had reached a sort of détente with prime minister Nouri al Maliki, who needed Sadrist support to retain his post.[30]
Post-U.S Withdraw[edit]
Following the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq, al-Sadr continued to be an influential figure in Iraqi politics, associated with the Al-Ahrar bloc, who's Shi'a factions are still at war with not only the government but also the Sunni factions.[31] However, whereas during the war al-Sadr was known for advocating violence, in 2012 he began to present himself as a proponent of moderation and tolerance and called for peace.[32][33]
On February 18th 2014 The young cleric announced in a handwritten note posted on his movement's website Sunday that he was immediately withdrawing from politics and dissolving the party structure to protect his family's reputation. "I announce the closure of all offices and libraries in all religious, social and political fields," the note read. "There is no (political) bloc that represents us from now on nor do we hold any positions inside or outside the government or parliament."
- ^ Moubayed, Sami (2007-12-18). "Iraq's Muqtada not quite Hezbollah mold". Asia Times Online. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
- ^ Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future (Norton, 2006), p. 192 ISBN 0393329682
- ^ http://www.cjr.org/short_takes/defining_muqtada.php?page=all
- ^ Profile: Muqtada al-Sadr. aljazeera (2010-03-07)
- ^ Babak Dehghanpisheh (2008-01-19). "The Great Moqtada Makeover". Newsweek. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
- ^ "Samer Bazzi: The Lebanese Armageddon in the New Iraq". Bintjbeil.com (2004-06-01). Retrieved on 2012-06-04.
- ^ Adams, Henry (2005-01-12). "The U.S. Is Not Preventing Chaos in Iraq, It Is Creating It". United for Peace of Pierce County, WA. Archived from the original on May 11, 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
- ^ "Who's Who in Iraq: Moqtada Sadr". BBC News. 2004-08-27. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
- ^ Iraq's Moqtada al-Sadr quits politics LBCI 2014/02/16
- ^ 60 Minutes Muqtada al-Sadr's Battle Against the U.S. (22 Oct. 2003). IMDb.com
- ^ Muqtada al-Sadr and the Sunnis. Juancole.com. Retrieved on 2012-06-04.
- ^ "Bremer Brands Moqtada Sadr an Outlaw". Middle-East-online.com. 2004-04-05. Retrieved 2006-08-02.
- ^ "Iraqi factions firm against constitution". Al Jazeera. 2005-08-26. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ^ Semple, Kirk (2006-10-20). "Attack on Iraqi City Shows Militia's Power". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-10-22.
- ^ a b Karadsheh, Jomana; Mohammed Tawfeeq and Barbara Starr (2007-02-13). "U.S.: Radical cleric al-Sadr in Iran". CNN. Archived from the original on February 14, 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
- ^ Londoño, Ernesto; Joshua Partlow (2007-02-14). "Iraqi Militia Leader Sadr in Iran, Say U.S. Officials". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
- ^ Karadsheh, Jomana; Mohammed Tawfeeq and Barbara Starr (2007-02-14). "U.S. insists radical cleric in Iran despite denials". CNN. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
- ^ a b Edward Wong. "Shiite Cleric Calls for Mass Protest Against U.S.", New York Times (2007-03-30)
- ^ Abdul-Ameer, Kawther; Mussab Al-Khairalla (2007-04-17). "'Government not weakened by Sadr pullout'". Independent Online (South Africa). Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ^ Nessman, Ravi (2007-05-26). "'Al-Sadr Calls for U.S. Pullout from Iraq'". Retrieved 2007-12-27.
- ^ McElroy, Damien (2007-08-30). "Moqtada al-Sadr announces ceasefire in Iraq". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 2010-05-13.
- ^ Iraqi raids anger Shiite militia, CNN, 25 March 2008
- ^ Al-Sadr Orders Militia To Disarm. Cbsnews.com (2008/08/08). Retrieved on 2012-06-04.
- ^ Yanatma, Servet and Süleyman Kurt (2009-05-02). "Iraq's Sadr Meets Erdoğan". Today's Zaman.
- ^ Çobanoğlu, Çağri (2009-05-04). "Iraq's Sadr Meets Erdoğan". Today's Zaman.
- ^ Iraqi Shia Leader Calls for U.S. Withdrawal From Iraq. hamsayeh.net (2010-03-07).
- ^ Sadr urges Iraqi voters to pave way for U.S. pull-out. Presstv.ir (2010-03-06). Retrieved on 2012-06-04.
- ^ Al-Sadr back in Iraq stronghold. English.aljazeera.net (2011-01-05). Retrieved on 2012-06-04.
- ^ Al-Sadr calls on Iraqis 'to resist'. English.aljazeera.net (2011-01-08). Retrieved on 2012-06-04.
- ^ "Iraq: Sadr a Rising Force in Iraqi Politics". Pulitzer Center (2011-10-19). Retrieved on 2012-06-04.
- ^ Frud Bezhan (19 August 2013). "Reports Of Muqtada Al-Sadr's Political Demise May Be Greatly Exaggerated". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ Eli Sugarman; Omar al-Nidawi (11 February 2013). "Back in Black: The Return of Muqtada al-Sadr". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ Mustafa al-Khadimi (13 March 2013). "The New Muqtada al-Sadr Seeks Moderate Image". Iraqi Business News. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muqtada al-Sadr. |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Muqtada al-Sadr |


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Children Take Escaped Lion Cub to School
November 30, 2012
© Courtesy of ABC News
Children in a southern Russian village had the ultimate wildlife encounter when they found a lion cub and, naturally, took it to school.
The cat is a 5-month-old cub who had escaped from a car on the way to a zoo in Dagestan in the North Caucasus. The kids came upon him in the grasslands of the Rostov region and brought the lion to their teacher, who put it in the school gym.
Plus: Facebook Helps Boy Score a New Pet
As the children waited for the police, they petted and played with cub. One boy even tried to ride the animal like a stick horse—poor puss! The lion was named Barsik—a common kitty name in Russia, which means "little leopard."
The lion was eventually taken to the zoo.


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Aubrey Ultra Smoothing Shampoo White Camellia -- 11 fl oz
Makes my hair smooth & shiny
I love this shampoo! I have fine hair, but a lot of it and it has a frizzy texture. This shampoo tamed my frizzies and gave it lots of body and shine, too. It also has a beautiful scent.
November 4, 2012
I purchased this same shampoo before and liked it very much. This shampoo was different; I don't know if it's just inconsistent, or there was a deliberate formula change.
The consistency is more gel-like, it did not lather at all, it was a slightly darker color, and my hair felt gummy afterwards. After the trouble of washing and drying my hair, I had to find a different shampoo and rewash. It wasn't just not good, my hair felt awful.
I would have returned it, but the shipping charges were almost as much as the product cost.
August 22, 2012
Good shampoo
This shampoo does help to smooth my dry, curly, frazzled hair somewhat. I do not like the smell of it but it does not last long once the hair is dried. I do use the Ultra Smoothing Conditioner White Camelia after I shampoo along with coconut oil. I do recommend this shampoo and conditioner if you hair is very dry and love the natural ingredients.
May 15, 2012
Great Shampoo!
If you have coarse fly-away hair (that also might be grey), this is the shampoo for you! Especially if you use the White Camellia Conditioner after it. It makes your hair so soft and manageable.
I love it!
May 1, 2012
dried the hair each time. may work for others, did not work for me.
May 1, 2012


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Relay for Life needs support
We need your help! For over 12 years, the American Cancer Society has held a Relay for Life behind South Fayette High School. When it began, there were approximately 20 teams participating. This year, we only have six teams, who put their hearts and souls into raising money to help the Cancer Society find a cure for cancer. However, this may be the last year for the Relay unless these communities show their support.
This year's Relay is May 18 and 19. It starts at 1 p.m. on May 18 and goes until 7 a.m. on May 19. I understand that everyone has busy lives, but if you could spare one hour of your time to show these teams that you care, it would really boost their morale and mean so much for the fight against cancer. Please help us to keep the fight for a cure alive in your communities.
My team became involved when a beautiful person with this disease asked us to help her take on the fight of this terrible disease. This person's name was Susan McAndrew. Although Susie lost her battle with cancer, her spirit continues to live on in our team and keeps us fighting even when it seems people have given up. This is where you can help! Please keep the relay alive for Susie and others who have lost their battle with cancer, and for the ones still battling and winning their fight. For information on the Relay, visit www.relayforlife.org/pasouthfayette.
Rita Black
Proud Pacers Relay Team
Bethel Park
Relay for Life needs support
Relay for Life needs support
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Hole Seventeen
Hole 17 is also considered by many to be the hardest hole on the course. It's a 204 yard par three that is slightly uphill. It plays 232 from the back tees and 177 from the front tees. This is a hole that may rapidly increase your score. The entire right side is out of bounds, but if you go left your ball drops down to the 16th fairway where you have a blind shot back onto the green.
Blue | White | Red |
232 | 204 | 177 |


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Gather the tools you need to live an inspired life with the latest articles, videos, and slideshows from Omega and our celebrated teachers.
For almost a decade, Byron Katie suffered from constant thoughts of suicide. Then one morning in 1986, she experienced a life-changing realization. "In that instant of no-time," she says, "I discovered that when I believed my thoughts, I suffered, but that when I didn't believe them, I didn't suffer, and that this is true for every human being."
From this realization came The Work, an astonishingly simple process, accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds, that requires nothing more than a pen and paper, and an open mind. The Work is a way of identifying and questioning the thoughts that cause all the suffering in the world. As Katie guides you with her humor and lovingly incisive clarity, you will find that your stressful beliefs begin to radically shift.
Experience the freedom of undoing whatever makes you unhappy, and allow your mind to return to its true, awakened, peaceful, creative nature.
This workshop is also appropriate for professional counselors and life coaches who wish to use the information and techniques in their practice.
This workshop begins Wednesday at 10:00 a.m. and ends Friday at noon. Arrive Tuesday, June 24.
The Children's Program is generally available during standard workshop hours only. Contact Omega registration at 800.944.1001 for details.
The above schedule is subject to change at the discretion of the faculty.
Byron Katie has introduced The Work to millions of people worldwide. She is author of four best-selling books, Loving What Is and A Thousand Names for Joy (with Stephen Mitchell); I Need Your Love—Is That True? (with Michael Katz); and Who Would You Be Without Your Story? thework.com


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Biosphere 2 Opens Its Doors, Beaches and 'Lung' to Artists
Poets and writers had the opportunity to spend two days working and writing inside Bio
The art of Sol LeWitt will be featured this summer at the University of Arizona Museum of Art as part of the Sol LeWitt Days exhibition. LeWitt stressed artistic ideas over execution in his own work and often invited other artists and students to assist him in making his installations. Throughout the summer visitors will be able to see teams from University of Arizona, Pima Community College and the Tucson community as they embark on creating art to LeWitt's specifications.


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Support Jonghyun Supporting the IAmNotOkay Movement
this is NOT to just show fan support of Jonghyun, but also to show support of those in korea who are struggling.
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I am in a situation myself where I need help. But i, am only a miniscule fraction of the people out there that need some
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The first Buick 3.8L was offered in the 1975 model year Skyhawk, Apollo, Century and Regal. The engine was based on an earlier 198 cu. in. V6 that Buick introduced back in 1962. The 3.8L engine shared the same 3.8" bore size as the Buick 350 V8. It also had an "odd-fire" crankshaft, which produced some idle shake and vibration.
Over the years various improvements were made to upgrade engine performance. Here are some of those changes:
1977 Buick changed to an "even-fire" offset-pin crankshaft to smooth out the V6 engine.
1978 Turbocharged version of the 3.8L V6 offered in the Buick Regal and LeSabre.
1979 The engine gained some horsepower with improved cylinder heads (larger valves and ports).
1980 Larger 4.1L version of 3.8L engine offered with bigger 3.965" pistons.
1981 Stronger connecting rods and a revised harmonic balancer and flywheel were added.
1982 180 hp version of the turbocharged 3.8L V6 offered in Regal T-Types and Grand National. Also, a smaller displacement 3.0L version of the 3.8L V6 with a shorter stroke crankshaft was built for GM FWD cars.
1984 Direct fire distributorless ignition and electronic multiport fuel injection were added. Also a new camshaft with a larger base circle and 0.015" shorter pushrods were added. This was also the first year for a front-wheel drive (FWD) version of the 3.8L V6.
1985 The engine was refitted with a single serpentine belt to drive its accessories. The number of bolts on the oil pan was also increased from 14 to 20 to reduce oil leaks. The head bolts also changed to non-reusable torque-to-yield bolts.
1986 The flat tappet lifters were upgraded to roller lifters to reduce internal engine friction, and sequential fuel injection was also added for improved performance, fuel economy and emissions. The deck height of the block was also reduced 0.035" to accommodate thicker composition-style head gaskets. Some FWD versions of the 3.8L V6 (VIN 3) were offered with roller lifters. FWD versions also got new cylinder heads with pedestal-style rocker arms, and a needle bearing thrust washer for the camshaft.
1988 Buick now dubbed the engine the 3800. The block casting was revised and a balance shaft added to dampen vibrations. The cast iron camshaft was replaced with a steel camshaft, thinner, low-tension piston rings were added to reduce friction even more, and the mechanical EGR valve was replaced with an electronic digital EGR valve to reduce NOx emissions.
1989 Smaller 3300 (3.3L) spin-off of the 3800 introduced.
1990 The intake system was upgraded to Tuned Port Injection for more horsepower and torque. Also, a one-piece rear crankshaft oil seal was offered in some 3800 engines to reduce oil leaks.
1991 L67 supercharged version of the 3800 appears. An Eaton blower boosts horsepower to 205.
1993 The 3800 V6 got roller rocker arms, a higher compression ratio, and another reduction in piston ring tension to improve fuel economy and performance.
1994 Supercharged engine gets larger blower pulley and larger throttle to make more horsepower (225 hp).
1995 Series II 3800 introduced with revised, lighter block, cross-bolt main bearing caps, lighter pistons, a higher compression ratio (9.4:1)and shorter steel rods. It also had improved cylinder heads with bigger valves, a composite plastic intake manifold, revised accessory mountings on the engine, dual knock sensors, improved oil seals and a plastic engine cover to muffle noise.
1996 Supercharged Series II 3800 gets a bigger supercharger for more boost and power (240 hp).
2004 Series III L26 3800 V6 introduced, with electronic throttle control, returnless fuel injection, stronger powder metal connecting rods, and an aluminum upper intake manifold to replace the troublesome plastic intake manifold. Applications include the 2004-'08 Pontiac Grand Prix, 2005-'08 Buick LaCrosse and 2006-'08 Buick Lucerne. An L32 Supercharged Series III 3800 also is introduced, rated at 260 hp in the Pontiac Grand Prix GT and GTP.
2008 End of the road for the 3800. Production will cease this year, with the 3800 being retired to the big boneyard in the sky. The engine will be replaced with the naturally aspirated LZ4 3500 OHV V6, or the LY7 3600 DOHC V6 in vehicles that used the supercharged 3800.
Service Issues One of the reasons why the 3800 has had such a long production run is that it has been a very reliable, trouble-free engine for the most part. Many of these engines have racked up well over 200,000 miles with normal maintenance.
One of the few trouble spots has been coolant leaks on the Series II 3800 engines with the plastic intake manifold. The OEM intake manifold gasket tends to deteriorate after 60,000 or so miles in the area that seals the cylinder head coolant passage to the manifold. The seepage of coolant past the leaky gasket leads to overheating, and may cause bearing damage if coolant leaks down into the lifter valley and gets into the crankcase. The fix is to replace the OEM gasket with an improved aftermarket gasket, or the revised OEM gasket (P/N 89017554) per GM bulletin 04-06-01-017 issued in May, 2004.
The coolant leakage problem has been blamed on a number of factors, including coolant neglect and a less-than-robust OEM intake manifold gasket design. Though Dex-Cool is supposed to last up to five years or 150,000 miles, some say changing the coolant every two years can avert many of the problems that occur with aging coolant. Also, if the coolant level gets low, oxygen mixes with the coolant, which tends to cause problems with Dex-Cool.
On these engines, it's not a bad idea to add a bottle of cooling system sealer to the cooling system for preventive maintenance, whether the coolant needs changing or not. The sealer will circulate with the coolant and hopefully stop any small seepage leaks in the intake manifold gasket from getting any worse, at least for a while. This may save your customer the expense of having to replace the intake manifold gasket. If the gasket is already leaking, sealer may plug it up temporarily. But, eventually, the gasket will have to be changed.
Another coolant leak problem prompted GM to issue a recall on certain 2000-'03 model year Chevys, Buicks and Pontiacs with the 3800 engine. The coolant leak on these engines was at the gasket between the intake manifold and throttle body or, in some cases, between the upper and lower intake manifold. The recall involved replacing the three throttle body fasteners, applying sealer to the threads, and dumping some sealer pellets into the cooling system reservoir. Recall 03034 was issued in July, 2003, but was only good until July, 2004. If a vehicle was repaired under this recall, there should be a GM recall decal affixed to the engine or under the hood.
Each coil fires two cylinders with cylinders 1/4, 2/5 and 3/6 each sharing a coil. Since the polarity of the ignition coil primary and secondary windings is fixed, one spark plug always fires with normal polarity while its companion plug fires with reverse polarity. Because the ignition coil requires approximately 30% more voltage to fire a spark plug with reverse polarity, the ignition coil
If you have a 3800 that cranks but won't start because there is no spark, check to make sure the coils have voltage when the key is on. If there is no trigger signal from the crankshaft position sensor, the PCM won't fire the coils and there will be no spark.
The coil pack on these engines runs hot, so it's important to make sure there is heat sink grease under the coil to transfer heat. If the coil module gets too hot, it will fail.
If an engine is hard to start or has a misfire at higher speeds, the problem may be a weak coil, a bad plug wire, or a fouled or worn spark plug. On 1996 and newer vehicles, you should get a cylinder misfire code. A code for one cylinder would likely indicate a fouled plug, bad plug wire, or possibly a clogged or dead fuel injector, or a compression leak (burned exhaust valve). Misfire codes for two cylinders that share a coil would likely point to a bad coil.
Another way to figure out if a misfire is a bad coil is to swap two of the coils on the coil pack. If the misfire moves to the new cylinders, the problem is the coil. If the misfire remains in the same cylinders, the coil is OK and the problem is the wires, plugs, injectors or compression.
If you test a coil with an ohmmeter, the test specs are 0.5 to 0.9 ohms for the primary terminals under the coil, and secondary resistance of 5,000 to 8,000 ohms at the high-voltage terminal.
If you have a no-start condition because there's no fuel, the first check would be fuel pressure. On a Series II 3800 engine, fuel pressure should be 48 to 55 psi with the key on and engine off. GM does not provide a fuel volume test spec but, as a rule, a good pump should deliver about a quart of fuel in 30 seconds.
On a Series III 3800 engine in a Buick Lucerne, the returnless EFI system has the fuel pressure regulator mounted in the fuel tank with the pump instead of on the fuel rail. There is no fuel return line from the engine back to the tank. The fuel pressure on these engines should be 56 to 62 psi with the key on and engine off.
If you have a cylinder misfire, but have a good spark and compression, the fuel injector is probably clogged or dead. The 3800 engine uses high-impedance 12 ohm injectors, and the test spec is 11.80 to 12.60 ohms, so check the resistance across the injector terminals if you suspect a bad injector. If an injector reads outside this range, even a few tenths of an ohm, it may be enough of a difference to cause a problem.
If an injector reads good, use a noid light to check for an injector pulse from the PCM injector driver circuit. No pulse? The problem could be a bad injector driver circuit in the PCM, or no input from the camshaft position sensor (CMP), which the PCM uses to fire the injectors. The CMP sensor is mounted on the front timing cover.
On the supercharged 3800 engines, one item that is often overlooked is the oil reservoir for the supercharger. The oil reservoir provides oil for the rotor gears and bearings. If the oil runs low, the supercharger may seize. The oil level can be checked by removing the small drain plug located near the supercharger input shaft.
Caution: Do not open the drain plug when the engine is hot. Let it cool at least two hours so hot oil does not spray out of the reservoir. The oil level should be at the bottom of the inspection threads in the drain plug hole. If the reservoir is low, top it off with GM Supercharger oil P/N 12345982 (a special 5W-30 synthetic oil).
Supercharger boost is controlled by the PCM via a boost solenoid, and a vacuum-operated bypass valve, which regulates the amount of boost pressure according to intake vacuum (engine load). At idle and low engine loads, the bypass valve is open allowing air to bypass the supercharger. When the driver steps on it and intake vacuum drops, the bypass valve closes allowing the supercharger to deliver boost pressure. The PCM usually commands the boost solenoid at 100% duty cycle (on all the time), unless the vehicle is shifted into reverse, in which case it kills the boost pressure. If there is a problem with the boost solenoid, the engine may not receive normal boost when accelerating, causing a noticeable loss of power.


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1984 Chevrolet El Camino allocated from an estate. Elderly owned and driven since new. As original as a daily driven '84 can be. Garaged,... More
1978 Chevrolet El Camino, Calif. car, garaged. 305 V8 Automatic,AM FM 6 disc changer. Very clean car both inside and our. Nice driver, looks... More
1966 Chevrolet C25, Classic Chevy Pickup with a utility body. This is an excellent project for anyone who loves this body style. Was used... More
1970 El Camino body. This super straight garage kept Southern car was in a body shop when the owner passed away. Ziplock bag with... More
1930 1 1/2 Ton Truck Restoration Project with title. Here are pictures of what it looked like when previous owner got it. Since then... More
Project car for sale drives, runs, and stop. Pretty solid Texas car. All there except original wheels, and wheel moulding. Car has bench seat,... More
1986 Chevy Military M1008 4X4 6.2 Diesel Th400 Automatic Transmission 4.56 gears with posi in rear Runs and drives good Only selling do to going to college... More
1974 Chevrolet Nova SS Clone. Perfect start for a fast street car/ pro touring car /drag car. 58,710 original miles/ same owner for over 20... More
A great project truck or drive it the way it is for a hunting buggy. Runs and drives good. We rebuilt the rear end... More
This car has been in storage for over 6 years and is in good shape for it's age. Put a coat of paint on... More
1979 Chevrolet Impala, 1 owner, 80,000 original miles, new tires, excellent original condition, runs like new.... More
1957 Chevrolet 5200 Series 1 1/2 Ton Truck, Blue with Black Good Wooden Body, 283 V-8, 4 speed transmission with a 2 speed rear... More
1990 Chevrolet 2500 PU, White, Blue interior, 34k miles on new Goodwrench 350 crate motor, 700 R4 automaticP.S, P. disc Brakes, AC (Not working),... More
Chevrolet 1966 Bel Air wagon, runs & drives, V8, auto, restore or run as is. Please call, no email.... More
1986 Chevy, El Camino. Clear title, bucket seats, floor shifter, automatic, heat but no A.C., original radio and mostly original parts. Engine was swapped... More


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Q. I think my ex-husband is listening to my voicemail messages. He seems to know a lot about what is going on in my life. How can I stop him?
A. We've been hearing a lot about voicemail hacking lately. It is very easy for anyone to hack. Most phones ship with a default voicemail password or no voicemail password. A hacker with your phone number can get everything. You will need to set up a new password to stay safe. The process varies by phone and provider. Get step-by-step instructions to protect your voicemail at www.komando.com/news. When you change the password, avoid common number sequences. For example, 1234 and 0000 are both easily guessed.
Q. I'm looking for a work-from-home job. How can I avoid getting scammed?
A. Working from home sounds like a great idea. However, many work-from-home jobs offered online are scams. There are a few ways you can tell. The company might be new or doesn't have a real-world presence. The income promised might sound too good to be true. The company requests money for training material or to complete paperwork. It pressures you into giving out sensitive information. The job requires any exchange of money, even if it isn't yours. All of these can be red flags. Instead, visit www.komando.com/news for some safe job-hunting resources.
Q. A friend told me that Microsoft no longer supports Windows Vista. Do I have to upgrade to Windows 7?
A. Your friend wasn't entirely accurate. Microsoft has ended support for Vista with Service Pack 1. That version of Vista won't receive any more program or security updates. Fortunately, you don't have to upgrade to 7. A service pack is a collection of updates and sometimes new features. Microsoft released Service Pack 2 for Vista in 2008. That's probably what you have installed. It will be supported until 2013. If you have an older computer, you might be running SP1. You can upgrade to SP2 for free using Windows Update.
Q. What are Mac gestures?
A. Most new Apple products support multi-touch input. The Macbook's built-in trackpad is a good example. You can also buy a multi-touch trackpad for Mac desktop computers. Multi-touch means you can control your computer with special gestures. A pinching or rotating gesture can zoom or rotate content. Four-finger swiping controls Expose and switches applications. There are lots of potential gestures. Of course, not every gesture will be useful to you. Try grabbing a free program like MagicPrefs from www.komando.com/news. It lets you customize any gesture to activate whichever action you what.
Q. I got an email from Facebook saying a new computer logged into my account. What does this mean?
A. Facebook implemented several new security features recently. One of those features is Login Notification. It notifies you by email whenever a login occurs. This is a great security feature. You can catch hackers logging in from unknown computers. If that happens, open your Facebook profile. Go to Account>>Account Settings. Then scroll down to the Account Security section and click the change link. Now, go to the Most Recent Activity section to see a list of account activity. You can remotely log out unauthorized users. Then change your account password to keep them from coming back.
Copyright 2011, WestStar TalkRadio Network. All rights reserved.
Kim Komando hosts the nation's largest talk radio show about consumer electronics, computers and the Internet. To get the podcast or find the station nearest you, visit: http://www.komando.com/listen. To subscribe to Kim's free e-mail newsletters, sign-up at: http://www.komando.com/newsletters.
August 2, 2011
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Officials at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) will hold a national call on Wednesday, August 1, from 2:30 - 4:00 p.m. ET. The discussion will focus on the proposed implementation of a provision in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that will apply a value-based modifier to physicians' Medicare payment rates. As stipulated in the ACA, the program is being phased in over three years, beginning in 2015. It is budget neutral and therefore will result in payment increases for some physicians and reductions for others. CMS is proposing to base the 2015 payment adjustments on physicians' quality and resource use in 2013 and to apply the modifier only to physicians who practice in groups of 25 or more physicians and other health professionals. By 2017, the modifier will be applied to all physicians. Additional details on CMS's proposed implementation of the value based modifier can be found on pages 559-622 of the proposed 2013 physician fee schedule.
The presentation will describe the options these groups have on how the value modifier would be calculated based on whether they participate in the Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS). For groups of 25 or more that do not participate in the PQRS, CMS is proposing to set their Value Modifier at a 1.0 percent payment reduction. For groups that wish to have their payment adjusted according to their performance on the value modifier, the rule proposes a system whereby groups with higher quality and lower costs would be paid more, and groups with lower quality and higher costs would be paid less.
A question and answer session will follow the presentation. Registration is required for this call. The presentation for this call will be posted prior to the call on the FFS National Provider Calls web page. In addition, a link to the slide presentation will be emailed to all registrants on the day of the call.
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A tool to help hematologists participate in the CMS Physician Quality Reporting System.
The ASH Academy provides hematologists with knowledge testing and practice improvement modules.
Find a job that you want in the ASH Job Center.


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FREE Email Newsletter
Daily news and top headlines for broadband communications engineering and design professionals
AOLTW opens to EarthLink in Columbus
September 23, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsWithout fanfare, AOL Time Warner Inc. followed through on the open-access agreements it announced in July and opened Time Warner's cable lines in Columbus, Ohio, to EarthLink Inc. The company plans to do the same in Syracuse, N.Y., but hasn't announced a date, says spokesman Mike Luftman. AOLTW didn't announce last week's launch because the national situation would make a release inappropriate,...
Montana Power shareholders vote on changes
September 23, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsMontana Power Company shareholders OK'd the company's plan to sell its utility business and restructure itself into a broadband-focused entity. The plan calls for the Butte, Mont.-based power company to sell its utility business to NorthWestern Corp. of Sioux Falls, S.D., for $1.1 billion, including $602 million in cash and the assumption of $488 million in debt.
FT connects surgeons to patient 4,000 miles away
September 20, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsFrom France Telecom's Manhattan office, surgeons performed a successful gall bladder removal 4,000 miles away in Strasbourg, France, using France Telecom's high-speed fiber optic system, and a robot. In the September 7 telesurgery, dubbed Operation Lindbergh, surgeons manipulated the robot through the gall bladder removal from a 68-year-old patient.
Studies: pay, PVRs and phone line use
September 20, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | Comments• Are you paid enough? No really. The Cable and Telecommunications Human Resources Association says you are and then some — "The cable industry meets and sometimes exceeds compensation compared to the overall media communications industry," it says. And CTHRA went right to an objective source — HR pros, it says.
3Com cuts more than planned; results on target
September 19, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | Comments3Com Corp.'s revenue dropped by $544 million since last year and the company will end its restructuring timeline with 1,000 fewer employees than expected, it says in its first-quarter results. The telecom equipment provider also says it met or exceeded most of its key goals, including gross margin improvement, cost-cutting and the $145 billion cash balance it had at quarter's end.
Charter Pipeline/MSN team on portal
September 19, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsWatch for Charter.msn.com, a hybrid portal and start page coming from a recently closed deal between Charter Communications Inc. and MSN. The two also plan a charter.com e-mail service and a customized version of MSN's Explorer. Charter.msn.com will be a co-branded start page that offers MSN's content and customized Charter content, too, says Charter spokesman Andy Morgan.
Motorola's 'telecom now' and 'next' initiative
September 19, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsMotorola launched a corporate-wide initiative intended to focus itself better in the telecom market. Headed by two in-house execs, Telecom Next, Telecom Now will address separate parts of the industry. Telecom Next will position "the entire corporation in future and emerging telecom technologies, including full-scale IP and multiservices networks," the company says.
NCTA offers uplinks for PSAs
September 18, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsNCTA President Robert Sachs called for members to include public service announcements from the American Red Cross in their cable systems. The ads promote grief counseling and solicit donations for relief efforts. The industry-wide public service ad campaign is intended to supplement individual contributions from the industry.
New ADC CMTS to target small cable systems
September 18, 2001 8:00 pm | by Jeff Baumgartner | CommentsHoping to tap into small cable system markets and the multidwelling unit sector, ADC Telecommunications Inc. has unveiled the Cuda 1000, a pizza-box sized cable modem termination system that complements the company's carrier-class Cuda 12000. Targeting cable systems with less than 20,000 homes, ADC's Cuda 1000 is designed to handle data traffic as well as "second line" IP voice services, said M...
AM buys SRS-EDJ for $6.9 M in cash and stock
September 17, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsAM Communications Inc. subsidiary AM Broadband Services Inc. picked up SRS Communications Corp. and EDJ Communications Inc. for about $6.9 million in cash, stock and promissory notes. It expects to hire hundreds of workers to cover orders, a spokeswoman says. "We believe it's a great opportunity to expand our opportunities in the service market," says spokeswoman Christine Mascaro, marketing an...
Deals and other industry doings …
September 17, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsTollBridge Technologies' VoCable TB300 IP Gateway landed multivendor interoperability approval with five cable equipment manufacturers. The gateway now "interoperates" with equipment from ADC Telecommunications, Arris, Cadant, Motorola and Tellabs, the company says. … Eumitcom Technology and Samsung Electronics used Conexant Systems Inc.
Industry keeps funds, service, supplies coming
September 17, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsADC Telecommunications' ADC Foundation will donate $50,000 to The September 11th Fund. The company also will match employee donations up to $1,000 each, and will hold a blood drive at its headquarters. NTT Communications Corp. and its subsidiary, Verio Inc., created an emergency response program for New York businesses affected by the attacks.
Lexent's emergency response sees new scale
September 17, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsEven as the industry continues to donate funds and services to relief agencies after last week's terrorist attacks, rebuilding efforts also are underway. Lexent Inc. helped rebuild the communications infrastructure after the 1993 World Trade Center bombings, and now is working with telecom companies in lower Manhattan, re-establishing "network integrity," it says.
Deals and other industry doings …(2)
September 17, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsTollBridge Technologies' VoCable TB300 IP Gateway landed multivendor interoperability approval with five cable equipment manufacturers. The gateway now "interoperates" with equipment from ADC Telecommunications, Arris, Cadant, Motorola and Tellabs, the company says. … Eumitcom Technology and Samsung Electronics used Conexant Systems Inc.
AOLTW, Yipes pitch in on relief effort
September 16, 2001 8:00 pm | by Anne Kerven | CommentsIn an open memo to employees, AOL Time Warner chiefs Steve Case and Gerry Levin called for suggestions of where the company could contribute most effectively to the relief efforts in New York. They also outlined what AOLTW has already done, including donating $5 million and offering to match more. "Ours is a unique enterprise, and we have unique resources," including AOL and CNN, the two wrote.


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[JURIST] Members of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have killed Palestinian terror suspects in defiance of a 2006 Israeli Supreme Court [official website] ruling [JURIST report; MJIL analysis] on targeted killings, according to Haaretz Wednesday. The 2006 ruling set up guidelines for targeted killings [BBC backgrounder] which include a direction that if possible, suspects should be arrested, and that "every effort must be made to minimize harm to innocent civilians." Haaretz said IDF documents it obtained [Haaretz report] indicate that since 2006 Israeli Defense Forces have generally made little effort to arrest suspects before killing them. In June 2007, for example, the IDF made no attempt to arrest Jenin Islamic Jihad head Ziad Malaisha before killing him [IDF press release]. Israeli Chief Military Advocate Brigadier General Avichai Mendelblit [IDF backgrounder] rejected the newspaper's report [Haaretz report], saying all IDF actions, including targeted killings, are in compliance with the law. In 2006 the Israeli Supreme Court ruled that although some targeted killings were not legal, not all are prohibited by international law [JURIST report]. It outlined four factors that would determine whether a particular targeted killing was justified. Two Israeli human rights groups filed a petition in 2002 seeking a ban on the Israeli policy, which Israeli government officials have defended as the most effective method of stopping Palestinian terrorists from bombing Israel targets. The court's consideration of the case had been put on hold after Israeli security officials said in January 2005 that targeted killings of Palestinian militants would be suspended [JURIST report], but the court resumed deliberations later that year after the IDF resumed the practice.
[JURIST] Russia's Federation Council [official website, in Russian], the upper house of parliament, voted 144-1 on Wednesday to approve amendments to the Russian Constitution [materials] that would extend presidential terms [Article 81(1) text] from four to six years and terms for members of the Duma [Article 96(1) text], or lower house, from four to five years. The Duma passed [JURIST report] the amendments last week, after expediting their consideration [JURIST report]. The amendments must now be supported by two-thirds of regional parliaments before they take effect. RIA Novosti has local coverage.Critics fear that the term extensions are designed to orchestrate a longer third term for former president and current prime minister Vladimir Putin [official website, in Russian; BBC News report] should current president Dmitri Medvedev [official website; JURIST news archive] step aside. Medvedev proposed the changes in his first state of the nation address [text; JURIST report] to the Federal Council earlier this month. These would be the first amendments to the Russian constitution since it replaced its Soviet-era predecessor [text, in Russian] in 1993.
[JURIST] The Czech Constitutional Court [official website] on Wednesday ruled unanimously [judgment text] that the European Union (EU) reform pact formally known as the Treaty of Lisbon [official website; text] is consistent with the Czech Constitution [text]. Members of the Civic Democratic Party [official website] of Prime Minister Mirek Topolanek [personal website] had asked the court to review the constitutional compatibility of the Treaty prior to its consideration by parliament. The court rejected arguments [BBC report] advanced by Topolanek and Czech President Vaclav Klaus [official website], among others, that adoption of the treaty would undermine Czech sovereignty, holding:
[T]oday sovereignty can no longer be understood absolutely; sovereignty is more a practical matter. In this sense, the transfer of certain competences of the state, which arises from the free will of the sovereign and will continue to be exercised with the sovereigns participation, in a manner that is agreed on in advance and is reviewable, is not a conceptual weakening of the sovereignty of a state, but, on the contrary, can lead to strengthening it within the joint actions of an integrated whole.
[JURIST] Greenlanders have voted [government press release; Politiken report] for increased autonomy from Denmark in a national referendum, according to results released Wednesday. The referendum's "Self Rule" plan gives Greenland [government website] natives control over the country's courts [government backgrounder], police, and coast guard, and recognizes Greenlandic as the island's official language. The plan also gives the country more control over its oil reserves and a larger share of their proceeds. The referendum was non-binding, but was supported by the Danish Parliament [official website], which has said it will implement the changes on June 21, 2009. More than 75 percent of voters favored increased autonomy and 72 percent of the country's eligible voters participated in the referendum.Polling before the vote predicted [survey report, DOC, in Danish] the referendum's passage, but by a smaller margin. Many Greenlanders are pushing for control of the country's oil resources to be the first issue addressed after the changes take effect, but others have called for the country to first seek official recognition [Sermitsaik reports] from the UN.
[JURIST] The Jamaican parliament on Tuesday voted 34-15 [JIS release; Jamaica Gleaner report], with 10 abstentions, to resume the use of the death penalty. Advocates for the measure cited the country's extremely high murder rate [BBC backgrounder] as justification for resuming executions. Opponents of the practice, including Jamaicans for Justice [advocacy website] executive director Carolyn Gomes, have argued that the country should increase efforts [Jamaica Gleaner report] to arrest and charge criminals rather than reinstate capital punishment. Before executions, which are carried out by hanging, can resume, the Jamaican senate must also approve the measure.Jamaica's Offenses Against the Person Act [PDF text] already provides for the death penalty, but the country has had an effective moratorium on the punishment since 1988. In 1993 the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council [official website], still the former British colony's highest court of appeal, ruled [judgment text; JG backgrounder] that holding a person awaiting execution for more than five years constitutes "cruel and unusual" punishment in violation of the Jamaican constitution [text], but did not outlaw the penalty itself.
[JURIST] A Florida trial court judge on Tuesday ruled [opinion, PDF; ACLU press release] that a Florida statute [text] preventing same-sex couples from adopting children is unconstitutional, allowing a Florida petitioner and his partner [ACLU profiles, PDF] to adopt two children previously in his foster care. Judge Cindy Lederman of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida [official website] found that the 1977 statute violated the equal protection clause of the Florida Constitution [text], citing a recent nonbinding Florida case [JURIST report] in which the trial court judge found that the same statute acted as a bill of attainder intended "to repress gay Floridians as a group" and violated the separation of powers doctrine by precluding judicial discretion. In a 53-page opinion, Lederman wrote that the Florida statute:
violates the childrens rights by burdening liberty interests by unduly restraining them in State custody on one hand and simultaneously operating to deny them a permanent adoptive placement that is in their best interests on the other.
[JURIST] The Moscow City Court on Tuesday affirmed a lower court's decision not to legally rehabilitate captured Polish officers executed in 1940 during the Katyn massacre [Polish government backgrounder], in which more than 20,000 Polish Army reservists, academics and politicians were killed in the Katyn Forest in present-day Belarus, as well as other locations. Lawyers for the victims plan to appeal [Itar-Tass report] to the European Court of Human Rights [official website]. RIA Novosti has local coverage.Russia had previously blamed the Nazis for the incident. The government of Mikhail Gorbachev [Guardian profile] admitted in 1990 that Josef Stalin had personally ordered [documents, in Russian] the NKVD, the predecessor to the later Soviet KGB, to carry out the killings. The Polish Institute of National Remembrance [official website] has long sought to convince the Russian government to apply its 1991 law "On the rehabilitation of victims of political repression" [backgrounder] to the Katyn victims, but suits have so far been unsuccessful. Russia's own 10-year investigation of the massacre ended in 2005 when the government closed its classified files and said the crime's statute of limitations had expired. In July, the Moscow City Court blocked [JURIST report] an attempt by family members of the victims to renew investigations into the killings. In 2006, the families filed a complaint [JURIST report] with the Court of Human Rights, asking it to classify the incident as genocide and compel the Russian government to disclose its information. In October the Court of Human rights agreed to hear [RIA Novosti report] a plea from family members asking that the victims of the Katyn massacre be classified as war crimes victims.
[JURIST] Human Rights Watch (HRW) [advocacy website] warned of possible war crimes being committed in the Democratic Republic of Congo [JURIST news archive] in a new report [report, PDF] released [press release] Tuesday. The rights group claims that since disputed 2006 elections [JURIST report], approximately 500 people have been killed by Congolese security forces, and about 1,000 more have been detained and possibly tortured. The 96-page report, titled "We Will Crush You," observed:
The 2006 presidential elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the first in over 40 years, raised hopes for stability and improved governance in this vast, war-torn nation. Yet in the two years following elections, there have been disturbing signs that Congos democratic transition is not only fragile, but that the newly elected government is brutally restricting democratic space. The government of President Joseph Kabila has used violence and intimidation to eliminate its political opponents beginning in the immediate aftermath of the elections inconclusive July-August 2006 first round.
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