text:
A 5-string bluegrass banjo
String instrument | |
Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 321.322-5 (Composite chordophone sounded by the bare fingers) |
Developed | 18th century |
Playing range | |
(a standard tuned four-string tenor banjo)
The banjo is a four-, five- or (occasionally) six-stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity as a resonator. The membrane is typically a piece of animal skin or plastic, and the frame is typically circular. Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by Africans in Colonial America, adapted from several African instruments of similar design.[1]
The banjo is frequently associated with country, folk, Irish traditional and bluegrass music. Historically, the banjo occupied a central place in African American traditional music, before becoming popular in the minstrel shows of the 19th century. In fact, slaves both were influenced by and influenced the early development of the music, which became country and bluegrass, particularly in regards to the innovation of musical techniques for both the banjo and fiddle.[2][3][4] The banjo, with the fiddle, is a mainstay of American old-time music.
Tom Turpin's 1904 composition The Buffalo Rag, in a 1906 performance by Vess Ossman.
Problems playing this file? See media help. |
There are several theories concerning the origin of the name banjo. It may derive from the Kimbundu term mbanza.[5] Some etymologists believe it comes from a dialectal pronunciation of the Portuguese "bandore" or from an early anglicisation of the Spanish word bandurria, though other research suggests that it may come from a West African term for a bamboo stick formerly used for the instrument's neck.[6]
Various instruments in Africa, chief among them the kora, feature a skin head and gourd (or similar shell) body.[7] The African instruments differ from early African American banjos in that the necks do not possess a Western-style fingerboard and tuning pegs, instead having stick necks, with strings attached to the neck with loops for tuning.[7] Banjos with fingerboards and tuning pegs are known from the Caribbean as early as the 17th century.[7] 18th- and early 19th-century writers transcribed the name of these instruments variously as bangie, banza, banjer, and banjar. Instruments similar to the banjo (e.g., the Japanese shamisen, Persian tar, and Moroccan sintir) have been played in many countries. Another likely banjo ancestor is the akonting, a spike folk lute played by the Jola tribe of Senegambia, and the ubaw-akwala of the Igbo.[8] Similar instruments include the xalam of Senegal and the ngoni of the Wassoulou region including parts of Mali, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire, as well as a larger variation of the ngoni developed in Morocco by sub-Saharan Africans known as the gimbri.[citation needed]
Early, African-influenced banjos were built around a gourd body and a wooden stick neck. These instruments had varying numbers of strings, though often including some form of drone. The five-string banjo was popularized by Joel Walker Sweeney, an American minstrel performer from Appomattox Court House, Virginia.[9]
Note: | This article uses Helmholtz pitch notation to define banjo tunings. |
In the 1830s Sweeney became the first white man to play the banjo on stage.[9] His version of the instrument replaced the gourd with a drum-like sound box and included four full-length strings alongside a short fifth-string. This new banjo was at first tuned d'Gdf♯a, though by the 1890s this had been transposed up to g'cgbd'. Banjos were introduced in Britain by Sweeney's group, the American Virginia Minstrels, in the 1840s, and became very popular in music halls.[10]
Two techniques closely associated with the banjo are rolls and drones. Rolls are right hand accompanimental fingering pattern[s] that consist of eight (eighth) notes that subdivide each measure.[11] Drone notes are quick little notes [typically eighth notes], always played on the 5th (short) string to fill in around the melody notes [typically eighth notes].[12] These techniques are both idiomatic to the banjo in all styles, and their sound is characteristic of bluegrass.
Historically, the banjo was played "Claw Hammer" style by the slaves who brought their version of the banjo with them.[citation needed] Several other styles of play were developed from this. Claw Hammer consists of downward striking of the four main strings with the index, middle or both finger(s)while the drone or fifth string is played with a 'lifting' (as opposed to downward pluck) motion of the thumb. Melodies can be quite intricate adding techniques such as double thumbing and drop thumb. In old time Appalachian Mountain music, there is also a style called two finger up-pick, and a three finger version that Earl Scruggs developed into the famous "Scruggs" style picking, nationally aired in 1945 on the Grand Ole Opry.[citation needed]
Modern banjo[edit]
The modern banjo comes in a variety of forms, including four- and five-string versions. A six-string version, tuned and played similarly to a guitar, has gained popularity. In almost all of its forms, banjo playing is characterized by a fast arpeggiated plucking, though there are many different playing styles.
The body, or pot, of a modern banjo typically consists of a circular rim (generally made of wood, though metal was also common on older banjos) and a tensioned head, similar to a drum head. Traditionally the head was made from animal skin, but today is often made of various synthetic materials. Most modern banjos also have a metal "tone ring" assembly that helps further clarify and project the sound, however many older banjos do not include a tone ring.
The banjo is usually tuned with friction tuning pegs or planetary gear tuners, rather than the worm gear machine head used on guitars. Frets have become standard since the late 19th century, though fretless banjos are still manufactured and played by those wishing to execute glissando or otherwise achieve the sound and feeling of early playing styles.
Modern banjos are typically strung with metal strings. Usually the fourth string is wound with either steel or bronze-phosphor alloy. Some players may string their banjos with nylon or gut strings to achieve a more mellow, old-time tone.
Open-back and resonator[edit]
Some banjos have a separate resonator plate on the back of the pot, designed to project the sound forward and give the instrument more volume. This type of banjo is usually used in bluegrass music, though resonator banjos are played by players of all styles, and are also used in old-time as a substitute for electric amplification when playing in large venues.
Open-back banjos generally have a mellower tone and weigh less than resonator banjos. They usually have a different setup than a resonator banjo, often with a higher string action.[citation needed]
Five-string banjo[edit]
The modern 5-string banjo is a variation on Sweeney's original design. The fifth string is usually the same gauge as the first, but starts from the fifth fret, three quarters the length of the other strings. (The long-necked Vega Pete Seeger model starts the fifth string from the eighth fret.) This lets the string be tuned to a higher open pitch than possible for the full-length strings. The short fifth string means that, unlike many string instruments, strings pitches on a five string banjo do not go in order from lowest to highest across the fingerboard. Instead, from low to high, they go fourth, third, second, first, and fifth. This is a form of reentrant tuning.
The short fifth string presents special problems for a capo. For small changes (going up or down one or two semitones, for example) it is possible simply to re-tune the fifth string. Otherwise, various devices called fifth string capos can effectively shorten the string. Many banjo players use model railroad spikes or titanium spikes (usually installed at the seventh fret and sometimes at others), that they hook the string under to press it down on the fret.
Many tunings are used for the five-string banjo. Probably the most common, particularly in bluegrass, is the Open-G tuning g'dgbd'. In earlier times, the tuning g'cgbd' was commonly used instead. Other tunings found in old-time music include double C (g'cgc'd'), "sawmill" (g'dgc'd') also called "mountain modal" and open D (f#'df#ad'.) These tunings are often taken up a tone, either by tuning up or using a capo. For example "old-time D" tuning (a'dad'e') - commonly reached by tuning up from double C - is often played to accompany fiddle tunes in the key of D and Open-A (a'eac#'e') is usually used for playing tunes in the key of A.
While the size of the five string banjo is largely standardized, smaller and larger sizes are available including the long-neck or Seeger neck variation designed by Pete Seeger. Petite variations on the 5-string banjo have been available since the 1890s. S.S. Stewart introduced the banjeaurine, tuned one fourth above a standard five-string. Piccolo banjos are smaller, and tuned one octave above a standard banjo. Between these sizes and the standard there is the A-scale banjo, which is two frets shorter and usually tuned one full step above standard tunings. A "Stealth" brand banjo is a modern 5 string banjo with a 25.5" scale length, similar to a guitar.
American old-time music typically uses the five-string open back banjo. It is played in a number of different styles, the most common being clawhammer or frailing, characterized by the use of a downward rather than upward motion when striking the strings with a fingernail. Frailing techniques use the thumb to catch the fifth string for a drone after each strum or twice in each action ("double thumbing"), or to pick out additional melody notes in what is known as drop-thumb. Pete Seeger popularised a folk style by combining clawhammer with up picking, usually without the use of fingerpicks. Another common style of old-time banjo playing is Fingerpicking banjo or classic banjo. This style is based upon parlor-style guitar.[13]
Bluegrass music, which uses the five-string resonator banjo almost exclusively, is played in several common styles. These include Scruggs style, named after Earl Scruggs; melodic, or Keith style, named for Bill Keith; and three-finger style with single string work, also called Reno style after Don Reno. In these styles the emphasis is on arpeggiated figures played in a continuous eighth-note rhythm, known as rolls. All of these styles are typically played with fingerpicks.
The five-string banjo has been used in classical music since before the turn of the 20th century. Contemporary and modern works have been written or arranged for the instrument by Buck Trent, Béla Fleck, Tony Trischka, Ralph Stanley, Steve Martin, Tim Lake, George Crumb, Modest Mouse, Jo Kondo, Paul Elwood, Hans Werner Henze (notably in his Sixth Symphony), Daniel Mason of Hank Williams III's Damn Band, Beck, the Water Tower Bucket Boys, Todd Taylor, J.P. Pickens, Peggy Honeywell, Norfolk & Western, Putnam Smith, Iron & Wine, The Avett Brothers, Punch Brothers and Sufjan Stevens.
The first 5-string electric solid-body banjo was developed by Charles (Buck) Wilburn Trent, Harold "Shot" Jackson, and David Jackson in 1960.
Four-string banjos[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (July 2008) |
Plectrum banjo[edit]
The plectrum banjo is a standard banjo without the short drone string. It usually has 22 frets on the neck and a scale length of 26 to 28 inches, and was originally tuned cgbd'. It can also be tuned like the top four strings of a guitar, which is known as "Chicago tuning." As the name suggests, it is usually played with a guitar-style pick (that is, a single one held between thumb and forefinger), unlike the five-string banjo, which is either played with a thumbpick and two fingerpicks, or with bare fingers. The plectrum banjo evolved out of the five-string banjo, to cater to styles of music involving strummed chords. The plectrum is also featured in many early jazz recordings and arrangements.
Tenor banjo[edit]
The shorter-necked, tenor banjo is also typically played with a plectrum. It became a popular instrument after about 1910. Early models used for melodic picking typically had 17 frets on the neck and a scale length of 19½ to 21½ inches. By the mid-1920s, when the instrument was used primarily for strummed chordal accompaniment, 19-fret necks with a scale length of 21¾ to 23 inches became standard. The usual tuning is the all-fifths tuning cgd'a', in which there are exactly seven semitones (a perfect fifth) between the open notes of consecutive strings; all-fifths tuning is traditional for a viola or mandola. Other players (particularly in Irish traditional music) tune the banjo Gdae′ like an octave mandolin, which lets the banjoist duplicate fiddle and mandolin fingering. The invention and/or popularisation of this tuning was usually attributed to the late Barney McKenna, banjoist with The Dubliners[citation needed].
The tenor banjo was a common rhythm-instrument in early 20th-century dance-bands. Its volume and timbre suited early jazz (and jazz-influenced popular music styles) and could both compete with other instruments (such as brass instruments and saxophones) and be heard clearly on acoustic recordings. George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, in Ferde Grofe's original jazz orchestra arrangement, includes tenor banjo, with widely spaced chords not easily playable on plectrum banjo in its conventional tuning(s). With development of the archtop and electric guitar, the tenor banjo largely disappeared from jazz and popular music, though keeping its place in traditional "Dixieland" jazz.
Cello banjo[edit]
Rarer than either the tenor or plectrum banjo is the cello banjo. It's normally tuned CGda, one octave below the tenor banjo like the cello and mandocello. It played a role in banjo orchestras in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Bass banjos have been produced in both upright bass formats and with standard, horizontally carried banjo bodies.
Four-string banjos, both plectrum and tenor, can be used strictly for chordal accompaniment (as in early jazz), strictly for single string melody playing (as in Irish traditional music), in "chord melody" style (a succession of chords are played in which the highest notes carry the melody), in tremolo style (both on chords and single strings) and a mixed technique called duo style, which combines single string tremolo and rhythm chords. Fingerstyle opportunities of tenor banjo retuned to open G tuning dgd'g' or lower open D tuning Adad' (three finger picking, frailing) are explored by Mirek Patek.
Notable players[edit]
Eddie Peabody was the greatest proponent of the plectrum banjo in the early to mid twentieth century. Prominent contemporary plectrum players include Cynthia Sayer.
Earl Scruggs was the greatest three finger picker of the mid to late twentieth century, he also continued to play into the early 21st century.
Harry Reser, who also played plectrum banjo, was arguably the best tenor banjoist of the same era and wrote a large number of works for tenor banjo as well as instructional material. He was well known in the banjo community prior to death in 1965. His single string and "chord melody" technique and ability arguably set the "high mark" that many subsequent tenor players endeavor to attain. Other prominent tenor performers were Mike Pingitore and Roy Smeck. Smeck was an influential performer on many fretted instruments, including the four-string banjo, and wrote a number of solos and instructional books. In the United Kingdom, Frank Lawes was one of the most prolific composers of four string banjo music.
Bela Fleck is the current dominant banjo master who plays and records across many genres including bluegrass, classical, jazz, R&B and world music with luminaries Doc Watson, Jean-Luc Ponty, Dave Mathews, Ginger Baker and Victor Wooten.
Prominent contemporary tenor players include the recently deceased Barney McKenna of The Dubliners, Don Vappie, Ken Aoki, Steve Di Bonaventura, David Bandrowski, the late Narvin Kimball of Preservation Hall Jazz Band fame, Johnny Baier, Bill Lowrey, Steve Peterson, Buddy Wachter, Charlie Tagawa, and Canada's Tim Allen. Prominent jazz guitarist Howard Alden began on tenor banjo and still plays it at traditional jazz events. "Country" Winston Marshall currently plays the banjo (as well as the dobro and guitar) for the popular British folk rock group Mumford and Sons.
The four-string banjo is used from time to time in musical theater. Examples include: Hello, Dolly!, Mame, Chicago, Cabaret, Oklahoma!, Half a Sixpence, Annie, Barnum, The Threepenny Opera, Monty Python's Spamalot, and countless others. Joe Raposo had used it variably in the imaginative 7-piece orchestration for the long-running TV show Sesame Street, and has sometimes had it overdubbed with itself or an electric guitar. The banjo is still (albeit rarely) in use in the show's arrangement currently.
Six-string banjos[edit]
The 6-string banjo began as a British innovation by William Temlet, one of England's earliest banjo makers. He opened a shop in London in 1846, and sold banjos with closed backs and up to 7 strings. He marketed these as "zither" Banjos from his 1869 patent. American Alfred Davis Cammeyer (1862–1949), a young violinist-turned banjo concert player, devised the 5/6-string zither banjo around 1880. It had a wood resonator and metal "wire" strings (the 1st and 2nd melody strings and 5th "thumb" string. The 3rd melody string was gut and the 4th was silk covered) as well as frets and guitar-style tuning machines.
A zither banjo usually has a closed back and sides with the drum body (usually metal) and skin tensioning system suspended inside the wooden rim/back, the neck and string tailpiece was mounted on the wooden outer rim, the short string usually led through a tube in the neck so that the tuning peg could be mounted on the peg head. They were often made by builders who used guitar tuners that came in banks of three and so if 5 stringed had a redundant tuner. The banjos could also be somewhat easily converted over to a six string banjo. British opera diva Adelina Patti advised Cammeyer that the zither-banjo might be popular with English audiences (which was certainly true, as it was invented there), and Cammeyer went to London in 1888. Due to his virtuoso playing he helped show that banjos could be used for more sophisticated music than was normally played by blackface minstrels, he was soon performing for London society, where he met Sir Arthur Sullivan, who recommended that Cammeyer progress from writing banjo arrangements of music to composing his own music. (Interesting to note that, supposedly unbeknownst to Cammeyer, William Temlett had patented a 7-string closed back banjo in 1869, and was already marketing it as a "zither-banjo.")
In the late 1890s Banjo maker F.C Wilkes developed a 6-string version of the banjo with the 6th string "tunnelled" through the neck. It is arguable that Arthur O. Windsor had much influence in creating and perfecting the zither banjo and creating the open-back banjo[14] along with other modifications to the banjo type instruments, such as the non-solid attached resonator that banjos' today have (Gibson lays claim to this modification on the American Continent). Windsor claims to be the first in creating the hollow neck banjo with a truss rod, and he buried the 5th string in the neck after the 5th fret so to put the tuning peg on the peg-head rather than in the neck. Gibson lays claim to perfecting the banjo with the tone rings.
The six-string banjo guitar or banjitar was the instrument of the early jazz great Johnny St. Cyr, as well as of jazzmen Django Reinhardt, Danny Barker, Papa Charlie Jackson and Clancy Hayes, as well as the blues and gospel singer The Reverend Gary Davis. Nowadays, it sometimes appears under such names as guitanjo, guitjo, ganjo, banjitar, or bantar. Today, musicians as diverse as Keith Urban, Rod Stewart, Taj Mahal, Joe Satriani, David Hidalgo, Larry Lalonde and Doc Watson play the 6-String guitar banjo.
Rhythm guitarist Dave Day of 1960's proto-punks The Monks replaced his guitar with a six-string, gut-strung guitar banjo on which he played guitar chords. This instrument sounds much more metallic, scratchy and wiry than a standard electric guitar, due to its amplification via a small microphone stuck inside the banjo's body.
Banjo hybrids and variants[edit]
A number of hybrid instruments exist, crossing the banjo with other stringed instruments. Most of these use the body of a banjo, often with a resonator, and the neck of the other instrument. Examples include the banjo mandolin (first patented in 1882)[15] and the banjo ukulele or banjolele, most famously played by the English comedian George Formby.[16] These were especially popular in the early decades of the twentieth century, and were probably a result of a desire either to allow players of other instruments to jump on the banjo bandwagon at the height of its popularity, or to get the natural amplification benefits of the banjo resonator in an age before electric amplification.
Instruments using the five-string banjo neck on a wooden body (for example, that of a bouzouki or resonator guitar) have also been made, such as the banjola. A 20th-Century Turkish instrument very similar to the banjo is called the cümbüş, which has been made into eight different hybrid instruments, including guitar, mandolin, ukulele, and oud. At the end of the twentieth century, a development of the five-string banjo was the BanSitar. This features a bone bridge, giving the instrument a sitar-like resonance.
See also[edit]
- Cuatro (instrument)
- List of banjo players
- Prewar Gibson banjo
- Double-neck guitjo
- Stringed instrument tunings
- Banjo (samba)
- Benju
- Bulbul tarang
- Akonting
- ^ Bluegrass Music: The Roots." IBMA. Retrieved on 2006-08-25.
- ^ Winship, David."The African American Music Tradition in Country Music." BCMA, Birthplace of Country Music Alliance. Retrieved 02-08-2007. Archived February 4, 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Conway, Cecelia (2005). African Banjo Echoes in Appalachia. The University of Tennessee Press. p. 424.
- ^ "Old-time (oldtimey) Music What is it?." TML, A Traditional Music Library. Retrieved 02-08-2007.
- ^ http://www.thebanjoguru.com/music/276-how-did-banjos-get-their-name/
- ^ http://web.comhem.se/abzu/akonting/akont.html
- ^ a b c Pestcoe, Shlomoe and Adams, Greg C., Banjo Roots Research: Exploring the Banjo's African American Origins & West African Heritage, 2010. Essay can be found online at [1].
- ^ Chambers, Douglas B. (2009). Murder at Montpelier: Ibo Africans in Virginia. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 180. ISBN 1-60473-246-6.
- ^ a b Metro Voloshin, The Banjo, from Its Roots to the Ragtime Era: An Essay and Bibliography Music Reference Services Quarterly, Vol. 6(3) 1998.
- ^ Information on the banjo and development of the Zither-banjo.
- ^ a b Davis, Janet (2002). [Mel Bay's] Back-Up Banjo, p.54. ISBN 0-7866-6525-4. Emphasis original.
- ^ a b Erbsen, Wayne (2004). Bluegrass Banjo for the Complete Ignoramus, p.13. ISBN 1-883206-44-8.
- ^ Trischka, Tony (1992). Banjo Songbook, p.20. ISBN 0-8256-0197-5.
- ^ http://www.zither-banjo.org/pages/windsornew.htm
- ^ The Irish Tenor Banjo by Don Meade
- ^ "George Formbys Little Strad banjolele up for sale". The Times (London). 2008-05-30.
Further reading[edit]
Banjo history[edit]
- Conway, Cecelia (1995). African Banjo Echoes in Appalachia: A Study of Folk Traditions, University of Tennessee Press. Paper: ISBN 0-87049-893-2; cloth: ISBN 0-87049-892-4. A study of the influence of African Americans on banjo playing throughout U.S. history.
- Gura, Philip F. and James F. Bollman (1999). America's Instrument: The Banjo in the Nineteenth Century. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2484-4. The definitive history of the banjo, focusing on the instrument's development in the 1800s.
- Katonah Museum of Art (2003). The Birth of the Banjo. Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York. ISBN 0-915171-64-3.
- Linn, Karen (1994). That Half-Barbaric Twang: The Banjo in American Popular Culture. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06433-X. Scholarly cultural history of the banjo, focusing on how its image has evolved over the years.
- Tsumura, Akira (1984). Banjos: The Tsumura Collection. Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN 0-87011-605-3. An illustrated history of the banjo featuring the world's premier collection.
- Webb, Robert Lloyd (1996). Ring the Banjar!. 2nd edition. Centerstream Publishing. ISBN 1-57424-016-1. A short history of the banjo, with pictures from an exhibition at the MIT Museum.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Banjos. |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Banjo. |
- 19th Century Banjo Instruction Manuals
- Old-Time Banjo Music from Rural America
- To Hear Your Banjo Play, 1947 Alan Lomax film (16 minutes)
- Old Time Banjo (e-book) by Patrick Costello
- Fingerstyle Tenor Banjo
- Banjo Newsletter
- Banjo Hangout
- Free Windows application with chord charts for banjo
- Online, Open-Source Banjo Chord Generator
- Apprendre le banjo bluegrass
- Dr Joan Dickerson, Sparky Rucker, and George Gibson with host Michael Johnathon explore the African-American History of the Banjo through conversation and music on show 350 of the WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour. Both audio and video are provided.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
After months of preparation and work, communications workers at the Tomball Police Department have finally settled back into their old work space, albeit with a new setup and new equipment.
"About two years ago I advised city council that we had to update our radio system within the next two years, because out old Motorola system had outlived its usefulness," Tomball Police Chief Robert Hauck said.
Hauck explained that the old system was quickly becoming obsolete, to the point that Motorola would eventually stop servicing the system altogether.
"I gave (city council) a two year heads up so we could really research this and find the best system for our needs at the best value," Hauck said. "(City council) was very supportive."
As the process moved along, Hauck said it became clear that it would make more sense to upgrade the communications center, consoles and equipment at the same time that the radio system was being upgraded.
They eventually agreed to go with a system from Telex and new radios from Kenwood. The system was designed to work with the Harris County system and is completely digital, with an analog backup. There are 24 radios in all, so disptachers and officers can communicate with other agencies if needed.
"There is complete redundancy in the entire system, so if something goes down, we still have communications," Hauck said.
The extra time also allowed city officials to save a substantial amount of money. Once Harris County agreed that other agencies using their radio system did not need to use Motorola equipment, it freed agencies to begin looking at other systems. An upgrade that was once was thought to cost upwards of $400,000, ultimately cost only around $240,000 thanks to a competitive bidding process.
Once work began, Hauck said they set up a temporary dispatch center in the department's conference room, while workers installed new drywall, equipment and a special floor so all wiring could be accessed through and ran underneath it.
Communications supervisor Evan Oualline said the new system has several benefits, including easier workability.
"I like it a lot," he said. "We are now set up for three work stations, instead of two and I like how we can access the consoles in the back to work on them or clean up, without having to move someone from their station."


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Because the government wastes money in all that they do, I would much rather they waste it in research rather than giving it to companies such as Solyndra.And who knows what will come from this particular research. Perhaps they will discover gold on the nude beaches of San Juan. Or a better sun tan lotion. Click Here if you Like this Comment 1 person like this.
Hey, wait -- does that mean we built it? Does it? Hunh? Hello-o-o-o-o?Imagine trying to explain "energy density" to Obama. Yikes!Barky, I could explain it for you, but I can´t understand it for you.Then again, widening our horizons to compass a bit more of reality, we must recognize the real purpose of all this is to buy votes and assure more campaign cash [mainly from Enviro-nut absolutists in this case] so the Left can gain ever-greater power over us all.The plain truth is, if it meant more power for him, Obama would have a triptych of von Mises, von Hayek, and Milton Friedman in the Oval Office.#3: Thanks. Click Here if you Like this Comment
The Chicago area location for this political boondoggle means that the executives who funneled 10% of the $120 million to Obama are within a 3 hour drive of the state prison that Obama just purchased for $200 million. Goal of research center should be to develop a battery that will get the executives of the firm to the prison without recharging. And ideally, to allow Mooch visiting rights when Obama is finally convicted of massive corruption Click Here if you Like this Comment 1 person like this.


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Get grilledThe smoked Gouda, ham and thinly sliced apple in this grilled sandwich are the perfect combination of flavors and textures! A fabulous fall lunch. Smoky, sweet and rich, this gourmet grilled cheese will please even the pickiest of eaters. Smoked Gouda, ham and apple grilled cheeseServes 1 Ingredients:
More grilled cheese sandwiches3 Grilled cheese sandwich recipes


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Hi all,
Something strange happened in the review process of one of my items today which I don't quite understand:
1) my latest Facebook timeline got accepted yesterday. Great! But I realised I made a small alignment mistake in the preview image
2) immediately I resubmitted an updated preview image with a minor fix. I clearly stated that this was merely a small update to the preview image in my message to the reviewer.
3) for the Resubmission of the preview image I get a rejection mail with the following:
We have a lot of Facebook Timeline Covers at the moment and whilst this is quite unique we still can't approve due to that it's not offering anything out of the ordinary.
How does that work? My item was already approved! (and it is still on sale now) I just needed to move a couple of images on the preview a few pixels to the left. Why would that be rejected?
Also do I have to consider myself lucky because the first reviewer accepted my file but the second would not have? That makes me feel a little insecure about rejection/acceptance criteria! Especially since both reviewers are long-standing and respected members of this community.
The second reviewer is actually quite active in the forum so, "reviewer", if you see this maybe a quick explanation?
And lastly, what do I have to do to get my previous image updated. As I said I only need to nudge a couple of images a few pixels – try simply resubmit? Or would that qualify as resubmission of a rejected item without any change?
Many thanks
- Beta Tester
- Grew a moustache for the Envato Movember competition
- Sold between 50 000 and 100 000 dollars
- Most Wanted Bounty Winner
- Repeatedly Helped protect Envato Marketplaces against copyright violations
- Microlancer Beta Tester
- Interviewed on the Envato Notes blog
- Exclusive Author
- Has been a member for 4-5 years
It happened to me once, and here is what I did, just click edit on the item page, and write to the reviewer explaining the oversight.
There shouldn't be any problems.
- Author had a File in an Envato Bundle
- Grew a moustache for the Envato Movember competition
- Author was Featured
- Community Moderator
- Referred more than 2000 users
- Has been a member for 4-5 years
- United Kingdom
- Repeatedly Helped protect Envato Marketplaces against copyright violations
- Contributed a Blog Post
Moved to
Item Discussion
Sounds like a simple mistake. As far as I am aware (don't hold me to this) GR Reviews are human
Try resubmitting. You're not resubmitting an 'item' without any changes, so there should be no trouble.
Of course they are, and there is no grudge here by any means! I just didn't know what to make of that rejection message … I'm glad it happened on the preview image update, and not on the item submission … cost that would've been two weeks of work down the drain, hehe
I have resubmitted the preview image update.
P.S.: Damn, I knew I would get it wrong, I wasn't sure whether to post in GR or "items discussion" Forum – borderline case – lol
Maybe this happened
im just kidding xD
I know the hard work reviewers do
UnitedStars said
Maybe this happenedim just kidding xD
I know the hard work reviewers do
LOL It's ok to reject work when reviewer is that tired .. we must have some compassion for reviewers XD
BTW , chrisatlemon, I was looking at your designs and I think they're brilliant and really professional! I especialy like brochures and vintage badges. It's obvious that you have a lot of knowledge, talent and experience. Great stuff!
Happened to mudi too: http://graphicriver.net/forums/thread/strange-rejection/64228
Lol … his is even funnier
A bit worrying though because it seems my item got accepted out of pure luck. Had the second reviewer reviewed it, it would not have been accepted. That would have been two weeks of work for nothing, on what I think is actually a nice little file.
And I've already made 2 sales in the first 12 hours of it being online, which for me is pretty fast.
Had the second reviewer got there first I'd have no sales, and two weeks of work lost.
Of course everybody is entitled to their opinion and reviewers opinions will differ, of course the reviewers are doing a great job, of course they are right in the great majority of files they review … but still, I feel that today has been a bit of a lottery, and I'm not sure I feel so great that by pure luck today I won … cos I know how I'll feel when the next rejections comes through … (which I have to admit I've had very few of … but is that because I did great work or is it because I got lucky?) Hmmmm….
UnitedStars said
tlemon, I was looking at your designs and I think they're brilliant and really professional! I especialy like brochures and vintage badges. It's obvious that you have a lot of knowledge, talent and experience. Great stuff!
That's really nice to read, thanks very much for the kind words


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Skip to content, or skip to search.
Skip to content, or skip to search.
Will the city finally get a reliable source for the tacos that's not a truck?
Plus: The Kimchi Taco Truck will launch in January, Beer Table hosts a "New Tower Happy Hour," and more, in our daily roundup of neighborhood news.


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Trophy mule deer hunting in Utah on private ranches with GUARANTEED TAGS.
Most of the ranches are in the CWMU program AKA Cooperative Wildlife Management Unit. As a result, you are able to obtain your tags directly from the outfitter without the hassle and worry of whether you will draw out or not. The ranches that are not enrolled CWMU program are in general season tag units. Get more information »
Get More Info About Mule Deer Hunting in Utah »
Mule deer hunting in Utah can be incredible, especially on private ground. The hard part is drawing a good tag, and we can take care of that problem. I'd love to help you book this hunt." ~Marc Warnke
Mule Deer Hunting Season
These Utah CWMU mule deer hunts run from September 1 through October 31 (some hunts go on until November 10 as well).
Hunting Method
Glassing, spot-and-stalk, and sitting waterholes. A typical days hunt will start out with breakfast, then you will hunt all morning and come back for lunch, and go out for the evening hunt. Some of these mule deer hunts are very physical, but some of them are "easy" as well. Let us know what kind of mule deer hunting in Utah you are looking for.
Trophy Quality and Success Rates
Opportunity rate is near 100% for rifle mule deer hunters, and pushing 80% for bowhunters. Success rates for archery are 65% and rifle is 95+%. The average bucks taken on these Utah mule deer hunts are 160″+ with the chance at a real monster over 200″.
This outfitter also is a leader in the long range shooting community and often trains clients to shoot out to 700-800 yards on their 1,000 yard shooting range.
Hunters will fly into SLC International Airport where they can either arrange pick up or rent a car.
Mule deer hunting in Utah with this outfitter generally includes four full hunting days, chef-prepared meals, lodging (5-star lodge, hotels, or tent camps depending on the hunt you choose), mountain transportation, and much more. Once you hunt with this outfitter, you will see why they have a hunter return rate of nearly 90 percent.


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All business enterprises started first as a thought, an idea, or an insight of the owner.
So, in starting a business, there are three basic tips on generating money-making ideas, as follows:
1. Know Thyself. This is the famous Greek aphorism, and an ancient one. It was even inscribed in the pronaos (forecourt) of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi.
In starting a business, as in searching for life's meaning, Know Thyself is still the basic dictum.
To know yourself is to know your talents, skills, experience, abilities, traits, training, and personality. Do you have the experience to start a business? To run and manage it? Can you stomach a crisis and solve problems? Do you have the skills to deal with people and to sell your products?
The success or failure of the enterprise is dependent, to a large extent, on the capability and know-how of the owner.
2. Know The Business Environment. This includes studying the opportunities in the place where you want to put up your business. What are the type of businesses that are successful? Those that met with failure?
The saying: "Find a need and fill it" is still applicable.
3. Know The Market. The market is the heart of any business.
Knowing the market means knowing who the target customers are, their needs and preferences.
Questions like: What does the market buy? Who buy? At what price are they willing to buy? How frequent are they buying? are very significant in making decision.
Without a market, there's no business.
In conclusion, once you have generated money making ideas, putting up a business will just follow. It's now time to generate your own business ideas and make it work.
This guest post is by Eli Gatanela of http://www.businessphereconsulting.com
Image by: nikcname


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"Taxi" Air Jordan 12
September 19th, 2013 by Brendan Dunne | 26 comments
The "Taxi" Air Jordan XII is one of those original MJ colorways that ended up kind of far from the Chicago palette what with its black and white based colorway. Of course there is a little bid of red hidden in there, but it's certainly toned down in comparison to other originals of the same shoe like the black/red "Flu Game" classic. Stay with us after the break to see how the 2013 Air Jordan 12 retro is shaping up and let us know if there are any other colorways that you've got your fingers crossed for.
Air Jordan XII "Taxi"
Color: White/Black-Taxi
Style Code: 130690-125
Release Date: 12/14/13
Price: $170
Source: Sole Up
Filed under: Air Jordans, eBay, Upcoming Sneakers // Tags: Air Jordan 12, Air Jordan 12 'Taxi', Air Jordan XII, Air Jordan XII 'Taxi'
Does anyone know a reliable site or store I could get theses at the 14th? The shoe stores around me are very un-reliable
Excuse my limited knowledge on Jordan Brands (never had a pair - not my taste), could someone tell me the connection between the "taxi" name associated with these particular sneakers? Thanks
@Riv idk bro its probly best to preorder instead of taking that chance. i bought a nike bot so im able to preorder for you if you interested
@Sneeky the yellow/black carbon fiber detailing on the bottom is supposed to resemble a taxi cab. random i know, these look more like cop cars to me
@Sneeky So why the hell you make a comment on a J's if you don't like or own a pair....Get the fu%k outta here.


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Product Categories11 Items
11 Items Fraternal JewelryFraternal Jewelry is a great gift for people who work in the police and fire profession. If you do know people who work in these fields, then Fraternal Jewelry would make a great gift for them. We currently carry Fraternal Badges and Fraternal Rings, as well as more firefighter and police jewelry. We create and manufacture all of our own jewelry, so you know that you are buying unique Fraternal Jewelry for police and firefighters. We will be updating our Fraternal Jewelry products, and adding more firefighter and police jewelry, so check back to see more Fraternal Jewelry in addition to our current selection of Fraternal Badges and Fraternal Rings.Featured Custom Jewelry Items
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Use our retirement plan income calculator to see how far you are away from retiring.


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KTRS News
The Supreme Court grapples Monday with the question of whether human genes can be patented. Its ultimate answer could reshape U.S. medical research, the fight against diseases like breast and ovarian cancer and the multi-billion dollar medical and biotechnology business.
"The intellectual framework that comes out of the decision could have a significant impact on other patents - for antibiotics, vaccines, hormones, stem cells and diagnostics on infectious microbes that are found in nature," Robert Cook-Deegan, director for genome ethics, law & policy at Duke University, said in a statement.
"This could affect agricultural biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, green-tech, the use of organisms to produce alternative fuels and other applications," he said.
The nine justices' decision will also have a profound effect on American business, with billions of dollars of investment and years of research on the line. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has been awarding patents on human genes for almost 30 years.
And Myriad Genetics alone has $500 million invested in the patents being argued over in this case. Without the ability to recoup that investment, breakthrough scientific discoveries needed to combat all kind of medical maladies wouldn't happen, the company says.
"Countless companies and investors have risked billions of dollars to research and develop scientific advances under the promise of strong patent protection," said Peter D. Meldrum, the president and CEO of Myriad Genetics, in a statement.
But their opponents argue that allowing companies like Myriad to patent human genes or parts of human genes will slow down or cripple lifesaving medical research like in the battle against breast cancer.
"What that means is that no other researcher or doctor can develop an additional test, therapy or conduct research on these genes," said Karuna Jagger, executive director of Breast Cancer Action.
The Supreme Court has already said that abstract ideas, natural phenomena and laws of nature cannot be given a patent, which gives an inventor the right to prevent others from making, using or selling a novel device, process or application.
Myriad's case involves patents on two genes linked to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Myriad's BRACAnalysis test looks for mutations on the breast cancer predisposition gene, or BRCA. Those mutations are associated with much greater risks of breast and ovarian cancer.
Women with a faulty gene have a three to seven times greater risk of developing breast cancer and a higher risk of ovarian cancer. Men can also carry a BRCA mutation, raising their risk of prostate, pancreatic and other types of cancer. The mutations are most common in people of eastern European Jewish descent.
Myriad sells the only BRCA gene test.
The American Civil Liberties Union challenged Myriad's patents, arguing that genes couldn't be patented, and in March 2010 a New York district court agreed. But the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has now twice ruled that genes can be patented. In Myriad's case, it's because the isolated DNA has a "markedly different chemical structure" from DNA within the body.
Mark C. Capone, president of Myriad Genetics Laboratories, Inc., a subsidiary of Myriad, said some of the concerns over what they have patented are overblown and some simply incorrect.
"Myriad cannot, should not and has not patented genes as they exist in the human body on DNA," Capone said in an interview. "This case is truly about isolated DNA molecules which are synthetic chemicals created by the human ingenuity of man that have very important clinical utilities, which is why this was eligible for a patent."
But the ACLU is arguing that isolating the DNA molecules doesn't stop them from being DNA molecules, which they say aren't patentable.
"Under this theory, Hans Dehmelt, who won the Nobel Prize for being the first to isolate a single electron from an atom, could have patented the electron itself," said Christopher A. Hansen, the ACLU's lawyer in court papers. "A kidney removed from the body (or gold extracted from a stream) would be patentable subject matter."
The Obama administration seems to agree. Artificially created DNA can be patented, but "isolated but otherwise unmodified genomic DNA is not patent-eligible," Solicitor General Donald Verrilli said in court papers.
That was the ruling of the original judge who looked at Myriad's patents after they were challenged by the ACLU in 2009. U.S. District Judge Robert Sweet said he invalidated the patents because DNA's existence in an isolated form does not alter the fundamental quality of DNA as it exists in the body or the information it encodes. But the federal appeals court reversed him in 2011, saying Myriad's genes can be patented because the isolated DNA has a "markedly different chemical structure" from DNA within the body.
The Supreme Court threw out that decision and sent the case back to the lower courts for rehearing. This came after the high court unanimously threw out patents on a Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., test that could help doctors set drug doses for autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease, saying the laws of nature are unpatentable.
But the federal circuit upheld Myriad's patents again in August, leading to the current review. The court will rule before the end of the summer.
"The key issue now for the court will therefore be whether the scientist working in the lab to isolate a particular gene innovated in a way that allows for that isolated gene to be patented," said Bruce Wexler, a lawyer with the law firm Paul Hastings, who advises pharmaceutical and biotech companies on patent issues.
The case is 12-398, Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
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He let out a deep sigh and struggled to contain his emotions - the thoughts of Greg Norman, the folks Down Under, the dad he hugged so tight alongside the 10th green.
It sure felt a lot different than the last time Scott was summoned to the media room at the end of a major championship.
That was Lytham, where he had to answer for throwing away a seemingly sure victory in the British Open with bogeys on the last four holes.
This was Augusta, where he reveled in the biggest win of his career Sunday evening.
Less than eight months apart, everything changed.
Now, he's Adam Scott, major champion.
"What an incredible day," he said. "Everything fell my way in the end. You just never know."
Using one of those big putters, Scott became the first Australian to win the Masters, beating Angel Cabrera on the second hole of a stirring playoff played in a steady rain and dwindling light, finally settling down in the hollow that is the 10th green, amid the towering Georgia pines.
Cabrera's 15-foot putt rolled up right next to the hole and stopped. When Scott's 12-footer dropped in the cup, he pumped his arms furiously and screamed toward the gray, darkening sky - quite a celebration for a guy who's always been accused of being a little too laid-back.
No one would've said that on this day.
"I was pumped," he said.
For Scott, this victory was sweet on so many levels.
Certainly, there was a measure of payback for what happened last July at the British Open, where Scott played beautifully for three days and 14 holes and seemed to have a stranglehold on the claret jug. Then he bogeyed the 15th hole. And the 16th. And the 17th. And, stunningly, the 18th, surrendering the title to Ernie Els.
Scott handled the staggering defeat with amazing grace, vowing to somehow "look back and take the positives from it." But no one knew if he might go the way of Ed Sneed or Jean Van de Velde, golfers who threw away majors and never came close to winning another.
For Scott, there are no such worries.
Lytham is redeemed.
"Golf gives," Cabrera said, "and golf takes."
No one knows that more than Norman, a runner-up three times at Augusta National, a third-place finisher three other times, but never a winner. This one was for him, too.
"He inspired a nation of golfers," Scott said. "Part of this is for him because he's given me so much time and inspiration and belief. I drew on that a lot."
In a grander scheme, this victory was for an entire continent. Australia has produced some greats of the game over the last half-century but never a Masters champion. Until now.
They're on top of the world Down Under.
"We are a proud sporting nation and like to think we are the best at everything," Scott said with a mischievous grin. "This is the one thing in golf that we had not been able to achieve. It's amazing that it's my destiny to be the first Aussie to win."
Norman was so nervous watching TV at his home in south Florida that he went to the gym when the final group made the turn. He returned for the last four holes and was texting with friends as his emotions shifted with every putt. Coming down the stretch, three Aussies - Scott, Jason Day and Marc Leishman - actually had a chance to win.
Scott brought it home.
"I'm over the moon," Norman told The Associated Press. "Sitting there watching Adam, I had a tear in my eye. That's what it was all about. It was Adam doing it for himself, and for the country."
For Cabrera, a burly, 43-year-old from Argentina, the majors have been a big giver. His last victory on the PGA or European tours before Sunday? The 2009 Masters. Before that? The 2007 U.S. Open.
In other words, Cabrera doesn't win often, but when he does, it's usually a pretty significant victory.
He almost got another one, trying with Scott in regulation at 9-under 279.
"I had a lot of peace of mind and I was very confident," said Cabrera, who closed with a 2-under 70. "I knew that it depended on me. I knew that (the other contenders) can make some birdies, but I still was thinking that it depended on me."
Cabrera made the turn with a two-stroke lead but stumbled on the back nine, knocking his drive behind the pine trees at the 10th and then sending his ball into Rae's Creek on the 13th, leading to bogeys at both. But a birdie at the 16th gave him a shot, and he struck what might've been the best - well, certainly the most clutch - shot of the day at the 72nd hole after Scott, playing just ahead in the penultimate group, rolled in a 20-footer for birdie and a one-stroke lead.
"For a split-second, I let myself think I could have won," said Scott, who certainly celebrated like his 69 was good enough.
Not so fast.
Cabrera stuck a 7-iron from 163 yards to 3 feet, leaving a gimme of a putt to force the playoff. Scott was watching a television in the scoring area.
"I got to see Angel hit an incredible shot," Scott said. "Then it was try to get myself ready to play some more holes."
They went back to the 18th tee box for the first playoff hole. After matching drives and approach shots, both rolling off the front of the green, Cabrera chipped over Scott's ball and nearly put it in the cup. Scott pitched to 3 feet, both made their putts and the playoff moved on to No. 10.
Again, two more booming drives and two more nifty approaches, leaving them both with a good shot at birdie.
If Cabrera's ball had turned one more time, they might've been returning to the course Monday to finish up.
When it didn't, Scott was determined to end things before nightfall.
"Had to finish it," he said.
Scott got a big assist on the winning putt from his caddie, who knows a thing or two about winning at Augusta. Steve Williams was on the bag for 13 of Tiger Woods' 14 major titles, a close friend to the world's top-ranked golfer before Woods' personal life fell apart. Williams was among those cut loose in the aftermath, a bitter split that made this victory about as satisfying to him as it was Scott.
Especially after Scott turned to Williams to get a read on the putt.
"I could hardly see the green in the darkness," the golfer said. "He was my eyes on that putt."
Scott told Williams he thought the right-to-left break would be about the width of a cup. Williams set him straight.
"It's at least two cups," the caddie said. "It's going to break more than you think."
Scott took the advice.
A short time later, he was trying on a green jacket.
"The winning putt was the highlight putt of my career," Williams said, "because he asked me to read it."
For his former boss, there was more major misery. Woods was at the center of a firestorm for an improper drop during the second round, which led to a two-stroke penalty and complaints that Woods had actually gotten off easy, because he could've been disqualified for signing an improper scorecard.
Four strokes behind going to the final round, Woods struggled with the speed of the greens on the first eight holes - they weren't nearly as quick because of the rain - and was too far behind by the time he got something going. He finished with a 70 and tied for fourth, four shots out of the playoff.
"I played well," he said. "Unfortunately, I just didn't make enough putts."
Day seized the lead with three straight birdies through the middle of the back side, but he couldn't hold on. A curious decision to putt through 12 feet of fringe behind the 16th green led to a bogey, and he surrendered another stroke after failing to get up-and-down from the bunker at the 17th. He finished with a 70 and two shots back at 281.
"I think the pressure got to me little bit," Day said.
Scott didn't let it get to him, even when he couldn't get any putts to fall early in the round with that big stick of his, which have become all the rage in the majors. He finally caught a break at the 13th, when his approach rolled back off the green, but stopped short of the creek. He wound up making a birdie, which gave him the spark he needed.
"I had no momentum on the day at that point," Scott said. "That was a great break. And everyone who wins gets those kind of breaks."
After Lytham, he sure had it coming.
--- Follow Paul Newberry on Twitter at HTTP://WWW.TWITTER.COM/PNEWBERRY1963 © 2013 THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS MATERIAL MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED, BROADCAST, REWRITTEN OR REDISTRIBUTED. Learn more about our PRIVACY POLICY and TERMS OF USE.
Too bad for them, the bullpen didn't fare so well. The Milwaukee Brewers rallied late and Jonathan Lucroy's home run in the 10th inning gave them a 4-3 win.
Garcia pitched seven innings of shutout ball, working around seven hits and two walks.
"As Jaime pitched as well as he did, it's tough to see it end that way," St. Louis manager Mike Matheny said.
The Brewers had gone a team-record 32 innings without scoring before Ryan Braun hit a two-run homer off reliever Trevor Rosenthal in the eighth that made it 3-2.
Braun's second home run of the season snapped a 39-inning shutout streak for St. Louis pitchers. The Brewers had not scored since the second inning Tuesday against the Cubs.
Matheny would have preferred to let the Cardinals closer for now, Mitchell Boggs, pitch the ninth with a cushion. But after Braun connected off Rosenthal, he did not have that luxury.
"The situations you get put into, you got to figure out a way to get out of them," Matheny said.
Milwaukee tied it in the ninth on a leadoff single by Carlos Gomez and an RBI double by Yuniesky Betancourt. Boggs left without retiring a batter and blew his second save in five chances.
"Days like today are tough," Boggs said. "I'm not going to stand here and act like it doesn't affect me, because I care. I wanted to help us win a ballgame today. I didn't do that. If you're a professional, you show up the next day and do your job."
After retiring Rickie Weeks on a fly to start the 10th, Fernando Salas (0-2) gave up Lucroy's first home run of the season.
Brandon Kintzler (1-0) pitched a scoreless ninth and got the first out in the 10th. Burke Badenhop retired pinch-hitter Carlo Beltran on a grounder for the final out and his first save.
Adams had another big day in the loss, hitting a home run and a single. He has homered in three straight games and has a hit in all five games he has played.
Adams is batting .611 (11-for-18) with three homers and eight RBI.
"I'm seeing it well, and feeling good at that plate," Adams said. "It all comes back to the work I'm getting in the cage before the game and making sure I watch the video and I'm prepared."
Matt Holliday had an RBI single and Yadier Molina an RBI double for the other St. Louis runs.
The Cardinals broke through against Marco Estrada with four consecutive two-out hits in the third, including an RBI single by Holliday and an RBI double to the gap by Molina. Allen Craig was thrown out at the plate trying to score on Molina's hit.
Adams made it five straight hits when he led off the fourth with a 419-foot homer to center that made it 3-0.
NOTES: Molina received his fifth consecutive Gold Glove award before the game. ... On Saturday, Adam Wainwright became the first St. Louis pitcher with a shutout in which he struck out at least one batter in every inning since Bob Gibson accomplished the feat on June 17, 1970, at San Diego.
© 2013 THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS MATERIAL MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED, BROADCAST, REWRITTEN OR REDISTRIBUTED. Learn more about our PRIVACY POLICY and TERMS OF USE.
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Arnold Police aren't releasing many details after a body was pulled out of the Meramec River Monday evening. Fox 2 News reports that the body was brought a shor...


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- 21st Century Health
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Allegro Fine Tea, Organic Seasonal Well-Being Tea, Caffeine Free, 20 Tea Bags, 1.4 oz (40 g)
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regional news
News stories tagged with "social-service"
Volunteers fill gaps left by social service funding cuts
Canton, NY, Feb 24, 2012 — As local, state and federal governments are looking for ways to do more with less money, demand for aid and services to the poor is increasing.
That's creating some gaps between government-funded organizations' missions and their means.
In St. Lawrence County, volunteer organizations are stepping in to fill some of those gaps--
And as Nora Flaherty reports, they're doing it by being creative--and harnessing local resources. Go to full article
That's creating some gaps between government-funded organizations' missions and their means.
In St. Lawrence County, volunteer organizations are stepping in to fill some of those gaps--
And as Nora Flaherty reports, they're doing it by being creative--and harnessing local resources. Go to full article
ComLinks faces more turmoil
Feb 13, 2008 — One of the North Country's biggest non-profit agencies faces more turmoil this week. ComLinks, based in Malone, provides regional housing, home heating, and food assistance. On Friday, ComLinks fired two of its top administrators. Now the organization's board is considering a plan that would close a subsidized housing project in North Creek. Jacob Resneck has details. Go to full article
ComLinks employees call for resignation of CEO
Dec 17, 2007 — Employees at Com Links, one of the region's leading social service agencies, say the not-for-profit organization is in crisis. Staff-members signed a petition earlier this month calling for removal of the group's long-time CEO, Nancy Reich. They point to deepening financial problems and to a series of personnel disputes, including a controversy surrounding a sexual harassment case. But as independent producer Jacob Resneck reports, the president of ComLinks' board of directors says he still has confidence in Reich's leadership. Go to full article
NY Welfare Roles Shrink by Half Since 1995
Apr 18, 2002 — The number of New Yorkers on welfare declined by more than half since 1995. The Pataki administration says that's a sign that welfare reform works. David Sommerstein reports. Go to full article
Record Number of People using Homeless Shelters and Soup Kitchens
Apr 05, 2002 — There have been a record number of people seeking help at homeless shelters and soup kitchens in New York throughout the winter. At one free breakfast program in downtown Albany, attendance has been growing. It reached an all time record high a few days before Easter. The churches who run the program aren't exactly sure why. Karen Dewitt reports. Go to full article
36,000 New York Families Reach End of Federal Welfare Eligibility
Nov 30, 2001 — On Sunday, the national experiment of welfare reform turns five years old. For 36,000 families and individuals in New York, the anniversary means they've reached their limit receiving federal welfare checks. Now, they'll apply for the state's new "safety net" program to continue getting benefits. Meanwhile, thousands of other families have already gone off welfare. David Sommerstein reports on the transition. Go to full article
Food Pantries Prepare for Upcoming Holidays
Nov 21, 2001 — Food pantries and soup kitchens in New York are seeing more clients as the holidays approach and the days grow colder. At the same time, donations to many charities are down since September 11th. Karen Dewitt visited a soup kitchen recently, as they readied for the Thanksgiving holiday. Go to full article
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» News
» 20 Comments
In rehab?
+2 -
Just like I've always said, in every hot girl, there is a fat chick waiting to come out.
+8 -
Who's 'they'?
+1 -
Well if you're looking for a captive audience to bolster your ego, the London subway is as good as it gets.
+2 -
Well she's alive and still able to sing. That's the best any of us could ever ask for.
+4 -
We're the drunk Englishters in America!
Just yesterday AWD was wondering what Kim's been up to all these past decades. Really. Well, not really.
+6 -
It would've been cool if she puked at the end. Both versions. I know I did. Haha.
Seriously, I thought it was just good happy-drunk fun. Aside from the length of the song, no harm, no foul.
+6 -
@ Sourpuss,
I bet you'd feel differently if you were stuck on that car with them.
+6 -
Was she in Hitchcock's "Vertigo"?
Looks pretty good for her age.+3 -
NastyNat: Kingsley Amis (a portly English author) once wrote, "Outside every fat man is *an even fatter man* trying to close in."
+3 -
Most of those people probably weren't around when that song came out. It looks like a good time. I would enjoy something like that happening if I were taking public transit. Ain't Christmas time great?
+4 -
Norman, you are bringing back memories. Vertigo's Kim was a class act. This one, not so much. Like the old Jerry Clower comedy… "Somebody shoot up in here, cause we need some help."
+1 -
I didn't know that Rick from Pawn Stars could play a guitar.
+4 -
When I was in my teens mixing bar room bands we had a saying. A 3 Beer mix, after the 3rd beer it started to sound good. It would take more then 3 cases to make this sound right.
0 -
Never cared for her. So I guess it makes no difference to me. lol
+2 -
@ Joe,
The Clower line goes as follows: "Just shoot up in here amongst us. One of us has to get some relief!"
By the way, who is Kim Wilde?
0 -
Nice to see ya AWD.
Guess this is something you have to be drunk to appreciate?
Wait wait wait. I have even less patience for bad performances when I'm drunk.
My sympathies to the captive audience.
0 -
Buck O.: "Who is Kim Wilde?"
I'll answer that if you can answer mine:
Who is John Galt
0 -
Dadof3, the Dude abides at IOTW. Have to make sure that @#&* BFH isn't talking sh*t about me!
+3 -
I talk in dog whistle about you, Dude.
When I say, "Dude is a really great guy," it means
something entirely different.+1


text:
Proceedings of the 145th ARL Membership Meeting, October 2004.
Example presentation for library staff.
Letter from interested organizations expressing concerns with the Copyright Office's September 9, 2004 recommended statutory language for a new form of secondary liability for copyright infringement.
Letter from public interest organizations asking the Senators not to bring up S. 2560 at their scheduled Executive Business Meeting on October 7.
A scanned version of SPEC Kit 284 is available full view through HathiTrust. View the document here »
A print copy is available for $45.00 ($35.00 ARL members) plus shipping and handling.
The American Association of Law Libraries, the American Library Association, the Association of Research Libraries, and the Special Libraries Association endorsed the Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization (2004).
A scanned version of SPEC Kit 283 is available full view through HathiTrust. View the document here »
Letter from library associations to director of National Institutes of Health (NIH), expressing strong support of the NIH proposal to provide freely available online access to NIH-funded manuscripts via PubMedCentral.
Letter from interested organizations, in response to the invitation to witnesses at the hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, suggesting an alternative to S. 2560, the Induce Act.


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Fantasy hockey isn't over... there's Rinkotology
Our Bloguin brethren over at thePensBlog have used Rinkotology for their fantasy hockey needs for a while now. They used it for the 2010 NHL Playoffs and the 2010 Olympics. And they're using it again for the 2011 NHL Playoffs. So, if you just can't quite quit the fantasy hockey bug yet (like us), this is a way to keep your addiction going a little bit longer and win some of the $3700 up for grabs in prize money (including $1000 grand prize).
Not bad, eh?
Game is simple. You pick one player per team and get points based on how well he does; game goes through the entire playoffs.
* Complete rules are here.
* ThePensBlog post on Rinkotology is here.
* More Rinkotology FAQs here.
You can follow the Rinkotology Twitter Feed and Facebook Group for more details, updates and more opportunities to win more free entries. Player selection will begin at 11p.m. on Sunday, April 10.
Let's show the Pens fans how Boston rolls. We'd love to see Bruins fans sweep the prize money.


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By Julie
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I order internationally so I didnt know what to expect. I heard many people complaining about delay and a lot of other problems so I was really concerned but give it a shot anyway. I don't know if it was luck but it arrived very quickly and in perfect shape. I had no problems at all and it was better than I could ever expect. Thanks!!
Great funny vintage poster
By scott
from colorado springs, CO
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
I absolutely LOVE it!
By Nan
from Elk River , Minnesota
I was looking for something woodsy, but not the ordinary. This was perfect!
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Gary M. Quinlivan | The Challenge of International Debt Relief |
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Master bread-maker Steve Sullivan from the Acme Bakery in Berkeley, CA visits Julia Child in her kitchen. Sullivan demonstrates how to make various decorative loaves. He creates a couronne, or crown of pearls. This bread uses three different starters. He also bakes baguettes, wheat stalks and pain fendu. To allow for these decorative breads to expand more readily, Sullivan recommends raising the humidity of the oven by pouring water in pans underneath the baking breads.
Poppyseed Torte with Markus FarbingerVanilla Chiffon Chocolate Mousse Cake with Mary BerginSavory Pizza Rustica with Nick MalgieriChocolate Mint Nightcaps with Marcel DesaulniersJohnnycake Cobblers with Johanne KilleenPumpernickel Bread & Matzos with Lauren GrovemanCreme Fraiche with Nancy SilvertonA Three-Tiered Wedding Cake with Martha Stewart, Part 2A Three-Tiered Wedding Cake with Martha Stewart, Part 1Savory Puffs and Eclairs with Norman LoveRaspberry-Fig Crostata with Flo Braker and Leslie MackieChocolate Tuiles & Gingersnaps with Gale Gand and David BlomNaan with Beatrice OjakangasLadyfingers GenoiseItalian Cookies with Nick MalgieriBanana-Chocolate Beignets with Norman LoveChocolate Napoleon & Ice Cream Sandwich with Gale GandWhite Chocolate Pattycake with Marcel DesaulniersPuff Pastry with Michel Richard
Vermont Public Television is holding free screenings in February, March and April in commemoration of Black History Month.
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Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
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Salon-beautiful skin, without the salon bill! The Panasonic Pore Cleanser uses deep suction power to remove oil and dirt from pores. It cleans deep below the surface for clear, beautiful skin today, and to prevent tomorrow's breakouts, as well. Continuous micro-fine mist helps ensure the suction cup stays tightly on your skin to remove oil and dirt from the pores.
The unit is water-tight, so you can use it in the shower or at the bathroom sink, and just rinse it clean under water for quick and easy clean up. Ultra-slim design allows suction cup to focus in on hard-to-reach areas around the nose, or you can reverse the suction cup to cover larger areas more quickly. Now you can have salon-quality facials any time you like, and you won't even have to leave a tip!
Filter Results |
waste of time/moneyPros: none Cons: worthless Did you find this review helpful? |
Horrible!Pros: It sprays mists Cons: The mist doesn't help! Other Thoughts: this is an absolute waste of money, it is not powerful enough to suck up anything! You're better off using a nose strip to remove them. Did you find this review helpful? |
Worst Suction ToyPros: Nice looking gadget/toy. Cons: 1. Suction seems to made for infants. Other Thoughts: Never waste your money on this product. Its a infant vaccum cleaner. 1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? |
So far so good!Pros: I received this the day after I ordered it! I charged it up and tested it out. It really worked! It unclogged pores that seem to demand attention every day! Cons: I haven't encountered any cons so far! 0 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? |
mixed bagPros: Yes this does pull out some clogged whitehead pores, that without this device would otherwise remain clogged. Its a well built device, that can be used wet, and there really isn't anything comparable on the market. On the pores it does work on, its like vacuuming a worm out of the ground. Cons: It doesn't work on all pores. It might depend on your skin. I have always had bad pores, and still have major oily skin issues. I took a hot shower right before using the device as other recommended. On the looser pores, it did pull clogs. But the pores that are very clogged. the device did almost nothing. Yes I understand the vacuum seal with moisture on the skin. But when it came to very stuck pores on the nose, or chin, it didn't do anything. On my entire nose this device maybe unclogged 30 percent of the clogged pores. On my chin it did leave the bruise marks that lasted a couple of days. And hardly works at all on those stubborn pores. Other Thoughts: I won't say this device is useless. On the loose pores it does work on, it works fine. On stubborn clogged pores, I reccommend using nose strips as those are alot stronger and literally rip out stubborn clogs. 1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? |
Great until it brokePros: Great at what it does. It really cleans your face and makes you realize that you need to wash your face every night. Cons: Broke in about 2 months use. I need to call Pannasonic to see about a replacement. I have experienced Pannasonic before and they have been pretty good to me on prior products. I hope they hold up their reputation. Other Thoughts: Hopefully Pannasonic fixes it and I'll be a happy camper. 2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? |
Suck that sebum right out of your nose!Pros: No, this device isn't designed to repair whiteheads or active acne. But it is the best method I've found for removing excess oil that seems to appear on the nose and areas of skin around it. Cons: The mist sprayer seems to be more of a bother than a requirement. Cleaning instructions leave the user wondering "where did all that oil go, anyway?" Other Thoughts: Panasonic also makes a neck & shoulder vibrator that truly rocks. NewEgg has it, too. 4 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you? |
Good FunctionalityPros: This is a very interesting device. It does just what it promises. After normal use my pores seem to be clearer, and the skin where I used it is no redder than if I had used a Salycilic acid. Cons: None 0 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? |


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Shepherd Worsted is a soft and lofty worsted weight yarn, that's hand painted in a rainbow of beautiful nearly-solid shades and variegated colorways. Shepherd Worsted is machine-washable, making it a great choice for both adults and children.
See the Honey Cowl and Liesl Cardigan that we knit with Shepherd Worsted.


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Has anybody heard of / seen a birth where the baby's head presented anterior then rotated a full 180 degrees to posterior? If so, what happened and how did the birth progress?
Thanks in advance :)
After the head was crowning
... like a baby normally rotates as it is born except an over rotation?
Wow .. I've not heard from anybody who knows what I'm talking about before. With DS2's birth, my MW said he presented anterior, rotated all the way posterior, then got stuck. They helped him out by turning his shoulder. He popped right out after that. He was only 7lb 11oz (smaller than DS1 by a couple of ounces) so I have no idea why he'd have SD. Every now and then I try to see if I can get more info :)
DS2 did that during my three hours of pushing. MW said a number of times it was odd, cool and weird because she could see the babies head moving. She commented to the baby "what are you doing in there?"
This wasn't at crowning rather she could see head and turned while coming down.
Don't know if that helps...
My first had been posterior, so I was really curious to know what my second was. The midwife said he was facing my left leg. My next midwife thought that since my labor had been so fast, it was likely that he started to rotate earlier than usual, and not that he was actually facing to the left throughout the whole labor. I'll never know, and now that I type this, I'm not sure it helped you either. :)
No, I've never seen that happen. But I have seen an posterior baby turn to anterior at crowning, and deliver just fine a few ctx later. I've also seen transverse babies turn breech at the last minute too, and still come out just fine, just feet 1st. And one time saw a head down baby turn breech at 5 cms. So anything is possible! I think if I saw an anterior baby turn posterior at that late point, I'd put her in a knee-chest position & pray the baby righted himself soon!
My 3rd baby was posterior all during labor and crowning but turned anterior as his head was halfway out. Was the weirdest feeling in the world. The ob and the nurse both commented on how weird it was and that they had never seen a baby turn at that point in delivery


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Live from Fraser
Imani Winds
The Grammy-nominated Imani Winds perform Ravel's Le Tombeau de Couperin, a new piece by Jason Moran, and music by ensemble member Valerie Coleman.
Center Stage
Jazz with Bob Parlocha
Bob Parlocha is a nationally known jazz expert and former program director and host of KJAZ in San Francisco.
Listen on 89.7 WGBH
Weekends from 12am to 6am
Live Performances
Live from the Lowell Folk Festival 7/24/10
Continuing a WGBH tradition, Brian O'Donovan hosts music from Boarding House Park in Lowell, MA during the Lowell Folk Festival.
Watch Online
Jimmy Cliff on Austin City Limits
Reggae legend Jimmy Cliff performs a classic song with special guest Michael Franti.
In Performance
Memorial Concert for Charles Ansbacher
Hear the Boston Landmarks Orchestra's memorial concert for the late Charles Ansbacher.
Wednesday, Nov. 10 at 6:30pm on 99.5 All Classical
Los Angeles Philharmonic Opening Night
Gustavo Dudamel conducts the Los Angeles Philharmonic's Opening Night Concert, with tenor Juan Diego Floréz in music by Rossini.
Friday, Oct. 8, 8pm on 99.5 All Classical
Live Performances
Lost In The Trees: Tiny Desk Concert
Berklee graduate Ari Picker's group Lost in the Trees creates a cinematic blend of storytelling and strings. Hear the band performs three of its new songs in the NPR Music offices.
Schubert's Trios: The Man Behind The Music
Schumann's two piano trios, which are among his final works, provide a glimpse into the composer's vivacious personality and creative voice. Hear members of the Emerson Quartet and pianist Wu Han play both trios at Boston's Jordan Hall.
99.5 Host Notes
Oct. 13: Experiencing the Unexpected
Sometimes classical music can catch us with our guard down.
99.5 Host Notes
Oct. 13: Prague and Art Nouveau
The Czech capitol was one of the centers of Art Nouveau.
99.5 Host Notes
Oct. 20: Benjamin Zander and the Boston Philharmonic
The conductor gives a preview of the 2010-2011 season.
99.5 Host Notes
Oct. 20: Executioner's Goulash Anyone?
The perfect meal to enjoy while listening to Czech music.
99.5 Host Notes
Oct. 21: Classical, Beer, and a Chat
Are there alternatives to how classical music concerts are presented?
99.5 Host Notes
Oct. 24: Richards & Fowkes Organ at First Lutheran of Boston
One of Boston's premiere organs has just been expanded.
99.5 Host Notes
"You Are Drawn Into Being A Co-Conspirator..."
Fortepianist Robert Levin talks about the infectious joy of Mozart's music.
The Bach Hour
Bach's Reformation Monument
On-demand at Classical New England
99.5 Host Notes
Can You See Music?
The World's Alex Gallafent looks into Alexander Scriabin's synaesthesia, and conductor Marin Alsop discusses Samuel Barber with NPR's Scott Simon.
99.5 Host Notes
Zacharias Visits 99.5
How can you get the most out of playing Haydn? Ask pianist and conductor Christian Zacharias and he'll tell you...
Rosanne Cash Performs For Austin City Limits
99.5 Host Notes
Buchbinder's Brahms
The Austrian pianist takes on one of the monuments of the concerto repertoire.
The Bach Hour
Catrin Finch's Goldbergs
On-demand at Classical New England
99.5 Host Notes
A Concerto With Movie DNA
Nikolaj Znaider joins the Vienna Philharmonic for Korngold's Violin Concerto, a piece built on film themes.
Live from Fraser
Rare Russian Soul
The WarnerNuzova Duo perform darkly rich and emotional music by Scriabin, Myaskovsky, and Schnittke.
99.5 Host Notes
Concert for the Cure
Sir Simon Rattle conducts the Concert for the Cure: Rhythms of Hope on Sunday, Dec. 5, at Jordan Hall in Boston.
Boston Symphony Orchestra
A Brace of Second Symphonies
Saturday, Dec. 4 at 7pm on 99.5 All Classical
Sunday Concert
Andrew Davis at the CSO
Sunday, Dec. 5 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
WGBH's Sounds Of The Season
99.5 Host Notes
Music for Food for Music
One of Boston's renowned musicians organizes performances to benefit those in need.
Christmas With The Mormon Tabernacle Choir And Natalie Cole
Live from Fraser
A Portuguese Renaissance Christmas
In Performance
An American Christmas
New Year's Day from Vienna
Sunday, Jan. 2 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
WGBH Presents the Lionel Loueke Trio: Live In Boston
Live Performances
Download the Nashville Symphony Orchestra in Concert
If you missed Thursday night's webcast, download performances from the concert, including Robert Levin's Mozart Piano Concerto No. 22 with conductor Nicholas McGegan, from the newly refurbished Schermerhorn Symphony Center.
Sunday Concert
Dohnányi at Chicago
Sunday, Jan. 16 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
An Invitation to the Landmarks Orchestra
I hope you'll join me for a wonderful concert this Friday.
Live Performances
The New World Symphony, Live in Concert
Michael Tilson Thomas conducts music by Wagner, Adès, and Copland, live in the opening concert from the Frank Gehry-designed New World Center.
Wednesday, Jan. 26 at 7pm on 99.5 All Classical
Live Performances
The Los Angeles Philharmonic In London, On Demand
Sunday Concert
The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra in Concert
Sunday, Jan. 30 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
Boston Symphony Orchestra
Radu Lupu Plays Beethoven's Third
Saturday, Feb. 5 at 7pm on 99.5 All Classical
Sunday Concert
Labadie Conducts Chicago
Sunday, Feb. 6 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
The Bach Hour
Karen Gomyo in Concert
Boston Symphony Orchestra
Levine Conducts Mozart and Mahler
Saturday, Feb. 19 at 7pm on 99.5 All Classical
Sunday Concert
The Boston Philharmonic in Concert
Sunday, Feb. 20 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
Sunday Concert
Haitink in Chicago
Sunday, Feb. 27 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
Rock, Pop, and Doo-wop
Classical Concerts
The Bartók Experience
The Takács Quartet, Muzsikás, and Márta Sebestyén take us into the soul of the Hungarian composer's music.
Sunday Concert
Boulez Conducts a 20th Century Collage
Sunday, Mar. 13 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
99.5 Host Notes
The Concert Hall Re-set Button
When everything familiar bursts into the remarkable.
Boston Symphony Orchestra
Bartók's Bluebeard's Castle
Saturday, Mar. 19 at 7pm on 99.5 All Classical
Boston Symphony Orchestra
The Tempest, Shakespeare's Most Musical Play
How one of Shakespeare's last plays stands as a singular creation and points the way towards new forms of theater.
Sunday Concert
Peter Oundjian Conducts Chicago
Sunday, Mar. 27 at 3pm on 99.5 All Classical
99.5 Host Notes
Classical Musicians Perform to Benefit Japan
Music always has a healing power, but these events make that power a tangible reality.
Music News
Zhou Long's Madame White Snake Wins 2011 Pulitzer Prize
Classical Concerts
The Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Live From Carnegie Hall
Tonight at 8pm on 995allclassical.org
Verdi's Aida, from Maggio Musicale in Florence
Sunday, June 5 at 6:30pm on 99.5 All Classical
New England Summer Festivals
The Marlboro Festival
On-demand at Classical New England
Live from Fraser
A Rockport Preview
Boston Pops
Classic Pops!
Saturday, June 11 at 7pm on 99.5 All Classical
Classical Concerts
Les Voix Baroques
Shared Madness: Mozart's La Finta Giardiniera
Sunday, June 26 at 6:30pm on 99.5 All Classical
New England Summer Festivals
Monadnock: Music In The Meeting House
On-demand at Classical New England
Rescue Reversed: Rossini's 'L'Italiana in Algeri'
Today at 6:30pm on 99.5 All Classical
Barbra Streisand: One Night Only at the Village Vanguard
Listen Live: Newport Jazz Festival
Performing Arts
Jared Bowen's Arts Ahead: Marilyn, Eichmann And A Fiddle Choir
What to do this weekend? There's the movie "My Week With Marilyn," the new play "Captors" and the all-string group Childsplay's annual series of concerts.
WGBH Local News
Inside Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum's New Wing
Following a $114 million renovation, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is inviting the public to visit its new wing. See a peek inside the Gardner's new space.
My Music: Superstars of 70s Soul Live
Airs this month on WGBH
60s Pop, Rock & Soul
Saturday at 8pm on WGBH 2
Caught in the Act
Arts Ahead: Shadows, Pops and Merry Poppers
Traditions take new and wild turns as a band of theater renegades reinterpret Mary Poppins, Tim Burton drops a vampire into 20th century Maine and the Boston Pops celebrate America's diverse music history with Steve Martin on banjo.
PBS Summer Arts
Hear the Sounds of Havana
Friday, 9pm on WGBH2


text:
Whitney Museum of American Art Library
Mr. Walter H. Siple, Harvard University Fogg Art Museum Cambridge, Mass. Nov. 28, 1927 Dear Mr. Siple: I am distressed at the change of dates for the Show. I had considered the matter closed, as my secretary acknowledged the date, and we have scheduled it for April 15th. I am sorry you did not get the letter of confirmation, but would appreciate very much your making every effort to keep the date set in your last letter. The exhibition is scheduled to open here on May 5th, and as our Club closes at the end of that month there will be a great deal of disappointment if I do not keep my promise and show it in New York. It would also put me in a most embarrassing position if you do not have it at the Fogg, because it was for that date I rearranged the whole itinerary. Sincerely yours, JRF:EF
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